f i .# • • • • r • A N' E W A X D C *.I r L E T E* , # » ;^STAT]STICAL GAZETTEEB, STATES OF A3IE1UCA, FOU-VT^KD OV AXP COMPTI-.ED FROM OFFICIAL FEDERAL AND STATE RETURNS, AND THE CENSU OF 1850. oVV r.i-"^ RICHARD S: FISHER, M.D., AUTHOR OF THE "BOOK OF THE WORLD;" THE '-GAZETTEER OF THE STATE' OF MARYLAND;" A "STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF AMERICA," ETC.. ETC.; .\LSO, LITERARY EDITOR OF "C<^LT0n's AMERICAIV ATL.AS;" and editor of THE ''AMERICAN RAILWAY GUIDE " NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY J. H. COLTOIS^ AND COMPANY, No. 172 WILLI.VM ST., COR. BEEKMAN. 1855. ^\ Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by J II COLTON • >■> i in the Clerk's OfBcc of the District Court of tlie United States for tlic Soutiiern District ol New York. W. V. STEREOTYPE ASSOCIATION, 201 William Street. w* ^^0 EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. MADE USE OF IN THE PREPARATIOiV OF THIS WORK. btish busliel cap capital CO couuty cr creek C. H. court-house (list district dwell dwelling fr. col free colored htind hundred isl island lat latitude long longitude manuf. manufacture m mile mill mountain par parish pop population p. b post borough />. c per centum p. o post office P- V post village pt port R- R railroad r river st slaves sq. m square miles sta station t town ter territory V village hi Alabama '■/.■ Arkansas alif. California : ol Columbia ijonn Connecticut Del Delaware Flor Florida Ga Georgia Ind Indian Ind Indiana m Illinois la Iowa liy Kentucky iff Louisiana Me Maine J\[uss Massachusetts Md Maryland Mich Michigan Minn Minnesota ^liss Mississippi Mo Missouri JV. Eng New England ^V. Hamp New Hampshire JV. Jer New Jersey JV. Mex New Mexico M: Y. New York JV. Car North Carolina JV.West North-West .Xehr Nebraska Ohio Ohio Oreg Oregon Penn Pennsylvania R. I. Rhode Island /S. Car South Carolina Tenn Tennessee Tex Texas Utah Utah Verm Vermont Virg Virginia Wash Washington Wise Wisconsin U. S United States *,* Where no date is affixed to statistics, they must be understood as referring to the year 1850 —the year of the statistical series used as tlie basis of the work. '»' The distances of places from tlie capitals of the several States, unless otherwise expressed, are by direct lines. When distances arc given by railroad, canal, post-road, or river, it is so ex- pressed. A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. . The United States, a confederacy of sovereign States, and the most influential republic of the world, occupies the middle portion of North America. This confederation, consisting originally of thirteen States, but now of thirty-one States, the federal district, and several territorial append- ages, lies between the parallels of 24° and 49° north latitude, and the meridians of 10°east and 48-^ west from Washington, or 67° and 125° from Greenwich, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and from the British colonies on the north, to the republic of Mexico and the great Gulf on the south. The whole extent of this boundary is now defiuitely settled by treaty.* The greatest width of this country, from east to west, is 2,900 miles, and the greatest depth, from north to south, 1,730 miles. Its area maybe estimated at 3,260,000 square miles, including California, Texas, etc., recently acquired. It has a frontier of about 10,000 miles, of which 4,400 is sea-coast, and 1,500 lake-coast. The territory of the United States is traversed by two principal chains of mountains, the Alle- ghanics on the east side, and the Kocky Mountains on the west. These divide the country into three distinct regions : the Atlantic slope, the valley of the Mississipjji, and the declivity from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. Tlie Alleghanies are less a chain of mountains than a long pLateau, crested with several chains of mountains or hills, separated from each other by wide and elevated valleys. East of the Hudson the mountains are chiefly granitic, with rounded summits, often covered at their tops with bogs and turf, and distributed in irregul.ar groups without any marked direction. Some peaks of the Green Mountains, in Vermont, and the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, rise to the height of 5,000 to 6,400 feet above the sea. After passing the Hudson, the structure of the mountains seems to change. In Pennsylvania and Virginia they assume the form of long parallel ridges, varying in height from 2,500 to 4,000 feet and occupying a breadth of one hundred miles. In North Carolina, the highest culmination is 6,476 feet ; but in the northern part of Georgia and Alabama, where they terminate, they again lose the form of continuous chains, and break into groups of isolated mountains, touching at their base, some of which attain a considerable elevation. The Rocky Mount.^ins are on a much grander scale than the Alleghanies. Their base is 300 miles in breadth, and their loftiest summits, covered with everlasting snow, rise to the height of 10 to 14,000 feet. These vast chains may be considered as a continuation of the Cordilleras of Mexico. They are distant from the Pacific Ocean from 5 to 600 miles, but between them and the coast several minor ranges intersect the country, of which the Maritime Range is the most conspicuous. The immense valley included between these two ranges of mountains is intersected by the Mis- sissippi River, which runs, from north to south, all through the United .States. The country west of the Mississippi, with little exception, is yet a wilderness, inhabited by roving bands of Indians, and beyond the limits of the organized States the whites have scarcely a settlement; but the country east of that river is thickly populated, and in the highest state of cultivation. The most remarkable feature in the face of the country is the low plain, from 50 to 100 miles wide, which extends along the Atlantic coast. Beyond this plain the land rises toward the interior till it ter- minates in the Alleghanies. The rest of the country east of the Mississippi is agreeably diversified * The treaties relative to these boundaries are, 1. Treatyof Paris, 17S3. 2. Treaty of London, 1794. S. Loui.'iiana Treaty, 1S|)3. 4. Treaty of Ghent. 1314. 5. Convention of London, ISIS and 1S2S. C. Florida Treaty, 1S19. T. Treaty with Mex- ico, 1823. 8. Treaty with Enssia, 1S24. 9. Ashburlon Treaty, 1S42. 10. Texas Annexation Eeaolutions, 1S45. 11. Oregon Treaty, 1346, 13. Treaty of Guadalupe, 1348. 5 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. with hills and Talleys, plains and mountains. The soil of the low country, except on the banks of creeks and rivers, is sandy, and comparatively unproductive ; but the remainder has a strong, fertile soil, capable of supporting a dense population. The Paciiic section is a highly varieS country, aboufeding in wild and majestic scenery, and traversed by magnificent rivers. Much, however, 'of its interior is desert, and will probably never be inhabited by civilized man. The great California desert, indeed, is one of the dreariest regions of the world, the solitude being relieved only by a few oases in the neighborhood of streams, or on the borders of its numerous lakes ; on these alone is there even an aboriginal population. The shores of the United States are washed by three seas : the Atlantic Ocean, on the east, the Gulf of Mexico, on the south, and the Pacific Ocean, on the west. The principal b.ays and sounds on the Atlantic border are Passamaquoddy Bay, which lies between the State of Maine and the British province of New Brunswick ; Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Ann and Cape Cod ; Long Island Sound,. between Long Island and the coast of Connecticut; Delaware Bay, which sets up between Cape May and Cape Henlopen, sep.arating the Slates of New Jersey and Delaware ; Chesa- peake Bay, which communicates with the ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, extending in a northern direction for 200 miles, through the States of Virginia and Maryland; Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound, on the coast of North Carolina. There are no large bays or sounds on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific coast, however, there are several excellent bays, but the principal and only one necessary to mention is the Bay of San Francisco, in the State of California. It is one of the finest bays in the world, and capable of containing the navies of all the European powers at one time. With the exception of Michig.an and Ch.amplain, none of the great lakes of North America lie wholly within the territory of the United States ; the rest are on the northern boundary, where they form a connected chain, extending through a distance of more than 1 ,200 miles. The first in the chain is Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Few persons are really aware of the magnitude of these great lakes ; they are truly inland seas, and navigation is as dangerous, and subjected to all the vicissitudes which are connected with the navigation of the Baltic, the Black Sea, or the Mediterranean. The following is a tabul.ar statement of the extent of these fresh- water seas, with the mean depth of their waters, and their elevation above the sea. Naines Mem Lenjilh. Menn Brea-Wi. Are.i. Mean D^ptli. Kiev, above Mie Sea. Lake Superior 400 miles SOniiles 32.n008q.m 900 feet 596 I'eel. " Micliigan 820 " TO " '2'2,40il •' 1.000 " 673 " " Huron 240 " SO " 20,400 " 1,000 " 6T3 " " GreenBay 100 " 20 " 2.O0O " 1,000 " 57S " " Krie . 240 " 40 " 9,600 " 84 " 565 " " Ontnrio ISO " 85 " 6,800 " 5i)0 " 232 « " 8t.01air 20 " 14 " S60 " 20 " 610 " Lake Champlain, lying between Vermont and New York, is 128 miles long, and fi-om 1 to 16 miles wide, and discharges its waters through the Sorel into the St. Lawrence. It is computed that the lakes contain above 14,000 cubic miles of water— a quantity more than five-sevenths of all the fresh water on the earth. The extent of country drained by the lakes, from the north-western angle of Superior to the St. Lawrence, including also the area of the lakes themselves, is estimated at 33.5,.515 square miles. The principal rivers of the United States may be divided into four classes. First, the Mississippi and its wide-spread branches, whicli drain the waters of the whole country included between the Allech.any and Rocky Mountains; seconil, the rivers east of the Allegh.any Mountains, which, rising from their eastern declivity, water the Atlantic plain, and hence flow into the ocean ; thinl, the system of rivers flowing into tlie Gulf of Mexico, which may be subdivided into those flowing from the southern slope of the Alleghanies, and those having their source in the nortli-western highlands of Texas; and, fourth, those streams on the west of the Rocky Mountains, which flow into the Pacific Ocean. The Mississippi rises west of Lake Superior, in latitude 47° 47' north, amid lakes and swamps, dreary and desolate beyond description ; and after a south-east course of about -500 miles, reaches the Falls of the St. Anthony, where it descends perpendicularly 16 feet, and where are numerous rapids. From these falls it pursues at first a south-easterly, and then a southerly direction ; and, after forming the boundary between Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, on the west, and AVisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, on the east, passes through Louisiana, and disch.argeg itself through a delta of many mouths into the Gulf of Mexico. It is nearly 3,200 miles in length, and is navigable, with few obstructions, to the Falls of St. Anthony. Its principal tributaries from the east are — 1. Tlie Wisconsin, which joins it between the paral- lels of 42° and 43° north latitude; — 2. The Illinois, a navigable river, which joins it neas latitude 6 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 38° 40' north ; — 3. Tlie Olso, which is itself formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monon- gahela rivers at Pittsburg. It flows in a south-westerly direction for 94.5 miles, separating the north-western States from Virginia and Kentucky, and falls into the Mississippi iu 37° north lati- tude. The chief tributaries of the Ohio are the Wabash, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, which last is formed of several streams from the western parts of Virginia and the Caroliuas, which unite a little west of Kuoxville, in the State of Tennessee, and runs at first south-west into Alabama, where it turns and runs north-west, through Tennessee iuto Kentucky, and joins the Ohio 10 miles below the mouth of the Cumberland; and — 4. The Yazoo, wliicli rises in the northern part of the State of Mississippi, and, running south-west, joins the Mississippi 100 miles above Natchez. The tributaries from the west are — 1. The Minnesota, or St. Peter's, which joins it about nine miles below the Falls of St, Anthony, after a south-east course of several hundred miles; — 2. The Des Moines, which joins it near the parallel of 40° north latitude, after a south-easterly course of more than 800 miles ; — 3. The Missouri, which is formed by three brandies, called Jefferson's, Madison's, and Gallatin's rivers, all of which rise and unite in the Rocky Mountains. The whole length, from the highest point of Jefferson's River, to the confluence with the Mississippi, is, by actual course, about 2,.500 miles, and to the Gulf of Mexico nearly 4,000 miles ; during the whole of which distance there is no cataract or considerable impediment to the navigation, except at Great Falls, which are above 2.000 miles from the Mississippi. At these fells the river descends, in the distance of 18 miles, 3G2 feet. The principal tributaries of the Missouri are the Yellow Stone, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins it after a nortli-easterly course of COO miles ; the Nebraska, or Platte, which rises also in those mountains, and, after an easterly course of 800 miles, joins the Missouri in latitude 41° north; and the Kansas, which joins it near latitude 39° nortli, after an easterly course of more than 600 miles; — 4. The Arkansas, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and pursuing a south-easterly course, forms, for some distance, the boundary between the Indian Territory and Texas ; after wliich its course lies principally in the State of Arkansas, till it joins the Mississippi in 34° north latitude. Its length is more than 1,300 miles; — 5. The Red River, which also rises in the Rocky Mountains, below Sante Fe, and, after a south-easterly course of more than 1.000 miles, falls into the Mississippi in latitude 31° north. The principal rivers east of the Alleghanies are — 1. The Connecticut, which rises in the highlands separating the United States from Canada, and running southerly, divides New Hampshire from Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, falls into Long Island Sound. It is navigable for sloops for fifty miles to Hartford, and by means of canals and other improvements, has been rendered passable for boats 2.50 miles farther ; — 2. The Hudson, which rises west of Lake Champlain, and pursuing a southerly course of more than 300 miles, falls into the Bay of New York, after receiving numerous affluents. It is navigable for ships to Hudson, 130 miles, and for sloops and steamboats to Troy, 40 miles farther. It is connected with Lakes Champlain, Erie, and Ontario by means of canals from Albany, and with the Delaware by a canal from Rondout ; — 3. The Delaware, which rises in New York, and flowing southerly, separates Pennsjdvania from New York and New Jersey, and falls into Delaware Bay, after a course of 300 miles. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 miles farther, to the head of the tide at Trenton Falls; — 4. The Susquehanna, which also rises in New York, and, pursuing a southerly zig-zag course through Pennsylvania, falls into the head of Chesapeake Bay, near the north-east corner of Maryland. During the last 50 miles the navigation is obstructed by an almost continued series of rapids ;^5. The Potomac, which rises in the Alleghanies, and, after forming, during its whole course, the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, falls into Chesapeake Bay. It is navigable for ships of the largest dimensions to Wasliington, the federal capital, about 200 miles from the ocean ; but in the upper part of its course there are numerous obstacles, m.^ny of which, however, have been overcome by cau.als ; — 6. James River, which rises in the mountains, and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake Bay ; and — 7. The Savannah, which forms the dividing line between South Carolina and Georgia, and falls into the Atlantic in latitude 32° north. It is navi- gable for large vessels to Savannah, 17 miles ; and for boats to Augusta, 130 miles farther. The principal rivers which rise south of the Alleghanies, and fall into the Gulf of Mexico, are— 1. The Appalachicola, which discharges itself into Apal.achee Bay, in Florida. It is formed by the union of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, the former of which rises in the northern part of Georgia, and flowing south, receives the Flint at the south-west extremity of the State. During the latter part of its course, the Chattahoochee forms the boundary between Georgia and Alabama ; — 2. The Mobile, which discharges itself into Mobile Bay. It is formed by two large rivers, the Ala- bama and Tombigbee, which unite near latitude 31° north, after having pursued each a separate course of many hundred miles. There is another system of rivers flowing iuto the Gulf from the UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA. highlands of northern Texas, consisting of the Sabine, Trinity, Brazos ,«etc., which need only be mentioned here, as the geography of Texas will be minutely described elsewhere. The rivers flowing from the Rocky Jlountains to the Pacific, consist of — 1. The Columoia, which rises near latitude 55° north, and running south-west, falls into tlie ocean in latitude 46^- 15', after a course of 1 ,500 miles. Its principal tributaries are Clark's River, Lewis' River, and the Multno- mah or Willamette, all of which join it on its left bank. This river was discovered in 1792, and settlements were made in the neighborhood by Americans in 1810. The mouth of the river is ob- structed by flats, but vessels of 300 tons can ascend to the distance of 125 miles, and large sloops farther ; — 2. The Sacramento and San Joaquin, emptying into the Bay of San Francisco ; — 3. The Buenaventura, rising in the coast range of the California Mountains, empties into Monterey Bay; — i. The Colorado, and River Gila (which separates Mexico from the United States), flow from the mountains near Santa Fe, and would, if not received by the Gulf of California, empty into the Pacific ; they belong, however, to the same system of rivers. The government of the United States is a federal democratic republic. It is based on the consti- tution of 1787, and amendments thereto. The electors of the most numerous branch of the several State Legislatures are qualified electors in the States respectively for all elective officers of the general government. All legislative powers are vested in Congress, which consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives. The "House of Representatives" is composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and in number in accordance with the population of each, and in order to ascertain the number each State is entitled to, a census is taken every ten years, excluding from the enumeration for this object two-thirds of the slaves, and all Indians not taxed. Each State is entitled to at least one representative. Vacancies are filled by intermediate elections. The House chooses its speaker and other officers. No person under twenty-five years of age, who has been less than seven years a citizen of xhe United States, and who is not a resident of the State electing him, is qualified for representative. The constitution provided for a specific number of representatives from each State to compose the House until the ascertainment of the population under the census of 1790 ; but since then legisla- tion has decennially fixed the number to be elected. From the 3d March, 1793, the apportionment was one representative to every 33,000 of the representative population ; after 1803, one to every 33,000 also ; after 1813, one to every 35,000 ; after 1823, one to every 40,000 ; after 1833, one to every 47,000; after 1843, one to every 70,G80; and after 3d March, 1853, 233 representatives, to be di- vided pro rata to the several States. The following table shows the number of representatives to which each State has been entitled since the establishment of the government: states. 17S7. 17.35. 1830. 26th ( 1st. 27111.; 2.1. 281h 29 th 27th ( 3d. i lat. 1 2d. ILst. ■l 2.1. 30th] ',j-' 31st] il:;- 32.1 -1 . 4 Sept., 1837. . 4 Dec, 18.37. . 3 " 1838. . 2 " . 7 " .31 May, . 6 Doc, . 6 " list. ■| 2d. 33.1 i '*'• SMar., 1S31 ... ..14 .July, 1832.... .. 3 Mar., 1833.... . .30 .Time, 1S.34 . . SMar., 18.35.... .. 4. Tilly, 1836.... . . 3 Mar., Is37 ..10 (let., 1837.... .. 9. July, 1SS3.... SM.ir., 1S39.... "' ■ ' 1S40.... 1811 .... 1841.... 1842.... 18J3.... 1844.... 1SJ5.... 1846.... 1847.... 1S4S.... 1849.,.. I860.... .21 .Inly, 1840 SMar., 1841 13 Sept., 1841 31 Aug., 1842 1843 1844 1845 IS40 1S47, 1848 1849 1850, 1851 1852, 18.53 1S54 SMar., 3 Ml 17 .June , SMar., 10 Alls., 3 Mar., 14 An?., , SMar., .30 Sept., 3 Mar., Is51 31 Aug. 18,52 SMar. 18,53.. 1^54.. lS.'i5 . , 2''3 '."oi .211 . 93 .211 . 89 . 43 .218 . 91 .233 . 87 .106 .2113 . 83 .196 . 91 .2.53 . 87 2,^2 ^89 .801 . 91 .274 , 88 Besides its ordinary legislative capacity, the Senate is vested with certain judicial functions, and its members constitute a High Court of Iinpe.achment. No person can be convicted by this court unless on the finding of a majority of Senators, nor does judgment extend further tlum to i:emoval from office and disqualification. Representatives have the sole power of impeachment. The Executive Power is vested in a President, who is elected by an Elector.al College, chosen by popular vote, or by the Legislature of the State, the number of electors being equal to tire number of Senators and Representatives from the States to Congress. His term of office is four years, but he is eligible for re-election indefinitely. The electors forming the college are themselves chosen in the manner prescribed by the laws of the several States. A majority of the aggregate number of votes given is necessary to the election of President and Vice-president, and if none of the can- didates has such a majority, then the election of President is determined by the House of Repre- sentatives, and that of the Vice-president by the Senate, from .among the three candidates having the highest number of electoral votes, and in doing so, the vote is taken by States, the representa- tives of each State having only one vote, which must, of course, be determined by a majority of their number. No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native-born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years, and who has been a resident of tlie United States for fourteen ye.ars. The President is commander-in-chief of the army an.l navy, and of the militia when in the service of the Union. With the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senate, he has the power to m.ake treaties, appoint civil and military officers, levy war, conclude peace, and do all that rightly belongs to the executive power. He has a veto on all Laws passed by Congress, but so qualified, th.at notwithst.ami- ing his disapproval, any bill becomes a law on its being afterward approved of by two-thirds of both houses of Congress. The President has a salary of .#'2.5,000 per annum, and " the white house" at Washington for a residence during his official term. The Vice-president is er-ojjicin President of the Senate; and in case of the death, resignation, or other disability of the President, the powers and duties of that office devolve upon him for the rem.iiuder of the term for whicli the President had been elected. This provision of tlie constitution, for the first time since the founda- tion of the government, came into oper.ation in 1841, on the demise of the late Lamented General Harrison, who die.l 4th April, just one month after his inauguration, when .John Tyler, the Vice- president, succeeded. Vice-president Fillmore also succeeded President Tajdor under this provi- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1793, " a 179T 179T " « 1801 18U1 " u 1805 lSfl5 " u 1809 1S09 " '* IfilS 1S18 " (( 1817 1S17 " " 1^21 1821 " (t isai 1825 " i( 1S29 1S29 " " 1S.3S 1833 " « 1s;f7 1S37 " " 1S41 1841 " 4th April, 1841 sion. In case of the disability of the Vice-president, the President of the Senate pro tempore takes his place. The offices of President and Vice-president have been occupied by the following gentlemen since the adoption of the constitution : PresiJenls. Vii-e presidenla. Terms of OEBce. 1. George Wasliinglon John Adams 80th April, 1789, to 4th March, 1793 2. Do. do Do. do 4th March, 1793, " " """'' 3. .Tohn Ad,imfl Thomas Jefferson " 4. Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr " 5. Do. do George Clinton " C. James Madison Do. do. (d. 20th Apr., 1S12) " ". Do. do Elbr. Gerry (d. 23d Sovember, 1814) " 8. James Monroe Daniel D. Tompkins " 9. Do. do Do. do. " 10. John Quincy Adams J(thn C. Calhoun " 11. Andrew Jackson Do. do " 12. Do. do Martin Van Buren " 1.3. Martin Van Buren Richard M. Johnson " 1A J ^^^ill'am Henry Harrison John Tyler " ^*- I John Tyler (on the death of General Harrison) 4lh April, 1S41 " 4th March, 1845 15. .lames K. Polk Georje M. Dallas 4th March, 1845 " " 1849 -- J Zachary Taylor MiUard Fillmoro " 1849 " 9th .July, 1S.W ■'^- / Mniard Fillmore (on the death of General Tavlor) 9th July, 1850 " 4th March, ls,i3 17. Franklin Pierce Wm. Emus King (d. IS Ap., 1853) . 4th March, 1853 " " 1S57 The administrative business of the nation is conducted by several officers, with the title of secre- taries, etc., who form what is termed the " Cabinet." These are the Secretary of State, the Secre- tai-y of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postmaster-general, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney-general — the last being the ofBcial law authority for advisement in administrative affairs. Each of these presides over a separate Department. The " Department of State" was created by an act of Congress of the 15th of September, 1789 ; by a previous act of the 27th of July, 17S9, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. It embraced, until the establishment of the Department of the Interior in 1849, what in some other governments are styled the Department of Foreign Affairs and Home Department ; but the duties now being divided, it confines its operations almost entirely to foreign matters, and hence its original title might with propriety and convenience be restored. The Secretary of State conducts all treaties between the United States and foreign powers, and corresponds officially with the public ministers of the government at foreign courts, and with min- isters of foreign powers, resident in the United States. He is intrusted with the publication of all treaties with foreign powers, preserves the originals of all treaties and of the public correspondence growing out of international intercourse ; grants passports to American citizens visiting foreign states, etc. He has charge of the Great Seal of the United States, but can not affix it to any com- mission until signed by the President, nor to any instrument without authority of the President. Secretaries of State — Salary §6,000 per Annum. Thomas .Jefferson, Fu. .. 26 Sept., 1789 EilinniidP,andul|>h.)'ii.. 2 J.in., 1794 Timothy Pii-kerina, I'd.. 4 Feb., 1795 John Marshall, i'li 13 May, 1800 James Marbson. Va 5 Mar., 1801 noberl Smith, J/rf 6 •' 1809 James Monroe. Va 25 Nov., 1811 J. Q, Adams, Masa 5 Mar., 1S17 Henry Clav, Ki/ 8 Mar., 1S25 M. Van Buren', jV.l'..... 6 " 1839 F.d. P. Livinsslon, /,«... Is31 Louis MLanc, Del Y Mar, 1S.33 John For^ylh, liii 1S3 1 D. Wcbsttr. J/./ss 5'Mar., I-HX II. S. Lejare, .KC. 9 .Mav, 1 s43 A. P. Upshur, Va 24 Jutie, 1843 I John Nelson, Md 29 Feb., 1844 J. C. Calhoun, S. 0. 6 Mar., 1844 J. Buchanan, Prt 5 *' 1S45 J. M. Clayton, Z)«l 6 " 1849 D. Webster, J/iM« 20 July, 1850 Eilward EvereU 18.52 William L. Marcy, N. Y. 5 Mar., 1853 This department has subject to it the Diplomatic Bureau, and the Consular Bureau. The United States are represented by Ministers Plenipotentiary at the Courts of Great Britain, France, Rus- sia, Prussia, Spain, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, and Chili; by Commissioners at the court of Pekin, China, and at the S,andwich Islands; by a Minister Resident at the Sublime Porte, and to the Swiss Confederation, and at other courts by Charges des Affaires ; and United States' Consuls are stationed at all the important commercial ports in the world. Foreign Ministers accredited to the government of the United States are, Envoj's E.xtraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary from Gre.at Britain, Russia, the Argentine Republic, France, Sp'>in, Chili, New Grenada, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru; Ministers Resident from Portugal, Prussia, and Belgium; and Charges des Affairs from Denmark, Austria, Holland, Sweden, Naples, Sardinia, Venezuela, and Nicaragua. Foreign Consuls from all commercial nations reside in the several Collection Districts of the Union The " Department of the Interior" was established by an act of Congress of the 30th of March, 1849. The Secretary of the Interior is intrusted with the supervision and management of all matters connected with the public domain, Indian affairs, pensions, patents, public buildings, the census, the penitentiary of the District of Columbia, the expenditures of the Federal Judiciary, etc. Each of these interests is managed in a separate bureau or office, the immediate head of which is styled Commissioner, Superintendent, or Warden, as the case may be. 10 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Secretaries of the Interior — Salary SB, 000 per Annum. Thomas 11. Ewin"-, 07iio 6 Mar., 1S49 I T. M.T. M'Kunnon (ilcc.) 8 Aua., 1S50 I EuIiltI il-Cklland, J/<'.-'i., 5 Mar., 1353 James A. Pearce (decrd) 20 July, 1850 | Alex. H. II. Sluarl, I u.. .10 Sept., li>60 | The " Department of the Treasury" was created by an act of Congress of the 2il of September, 1789. The Secretary of the Treasury superintends all the fiscal concerns of the government, and upon his own responsibility recommends to Congress measures for improving tlie condition of the revenue. All public accounts are finally settled at this department ; and for this purpose it is divided into the office of the Secretary, who has the general superintendence, the offices of the two Controllers, the offices of the Six Auditors, the office of the Commissioner of Customs, the Treas- urer's office, the Registrar's office, the Solicitor's office, and the office of the Coast Survey. Assist- tant Treasurers' offices are also established at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, and St. Louis. Secretaries of the Treasury — Salary §6,000 ^jcr Annum. Alex, naniillon, il' T. . .12 Sept., 1TS9 Oliver Wolcoll, CI 4 Feb., ITHS Samuel Dexter, Miis.l... .31 ,Ian., 1SI)2 Albert Gallatin, Pii 26 .lau., 1S02 Geursie W. Campbell, Ct. 9 Feb., ISU Alt.\: J. Dallas, fti C Oct., ISU ■\Vm. II. Crawford, Ga.. 6 Mar., 1S17 Richard Kush, Pn Samuel D. lliirhiiin. /'(/. Lfiuia M'Laiii', />'/ AVilliam J. Duanc, Pa., Eo^er B. Taney, M5 6 •• 1S29 1->:!1 1^3.3 1=33 , 7 Mar., lS3o 5 " 1S41 TV alter Forward. P,/.. J. C Spencer. N. Y.. (Jeorge M. Bibb. A'v. . K.J. Walker, Mi^i... W. M. Meredith. P«.. Thus. Corwin, Ohio.. James Guthrie, Ky. . . 13 Sept. 15J1 :i Mar.. 1M3 1.'. June 1>14 5 Mar. IS+T 6 ■■ lh4S) 2 1 Julv, 15i . s Aug., 1S.50 5 Mar., 1>53 The " Department of the Navy" was created by an act of Congress of the 30th of .\pril, 1798. The Secretary of the A'avy issues all orders to the naval forces and superintends naval affairs gen- erally. Attached to the Department are — a Bureau of Docks and Navy Yards, a Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, a Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repairs, a Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, a Bureau of Medical and Surgical Instruments, etc. ; and the National Observatory at Washington is under the control of the Navy Department. The ministerial duties of these several Bureaux were formerly exercised by a Board of Navy Commissioners. Secretaries of the Navy — Salary §6,000 2":'' Annum. George Cabot, J/«.«. 3 May, 179S Benjamin Stoddard, M<>. 21 " 179S KoI.ert Smith. Mrt 26 Jan., 1S02 J. Crowningsliield. Mass. 2 .Mar., ISi'S Paul Hamilton, & e. .... 7 " lSn9 William Jones, Pit 12 .Tan., 1813 B.W. Crownings'd, J/i'«<.19 Dec,. ISU Smith Thompson, Jf. y..80 Nov., 1818 S. L. Southard, A". ,r. .... 9 Dec, 1S23 John Branch, JV. ('. 9 Mar., 1SS9 Levi Woodbury. X. If... 1S31 Mahlon Dickeraon, y. J. 1^34 J. K. Paldding. X. )'.... ..30 June. 1S.-;S G. P. Badger. N. c. 5 Mar., 1S41 Abel V. Upshur. !'/( 13 S.pL. IvU David llensh.aw, jW(/ss...24.Iuly, 1843 T. W. Gilmer, Va John T. Mason, V,i. ... George Bancroft. Ma^s. JcdinT. Mason.)'./ William B. Preston. H'. Wni. A. Graham, X. C. J. C. Dobbin, X. C. ,1.1 Feb., 1S44 ,11 .Mar., 1S44 ,10 '• 1S45 1S4G CMar., 1S4II .20 Julv, IWO . 6 Mar., 1853 The " Department of the Post-office" was established under the authority of the Old Congress. The Postmaster-general has the chief direction of all postal arrangements with foreign states, as well as within the federal limits. The general business is man.aged by three Assistant Postmas- ters-general, who preside respectively over the Contract office, the Appointment office, and the Inspection, etc., offices. Postmasters- general — Salary §6,000 per Annum. William J. Barrv, A'y... 9 Jtar., 1S29 | Jacob Collamer, rt. 6 Mar., 1849 Amos Kemlall, A'(/ 1 May, 1S35 j Nathan K. Hall, A^. )'...2oJune, 18.50 John M. Niles, Ct. 25 " ISIO James Campbell, Tin?i.. 5 Mar., 1833 Francis Granger. A', r... G Mar., H41 Charles A.WicklilTe. Ayi3 Sept., 1S41 Cave Johnson, Tenn. ... 5 Mar., 1845 I 11 Samuel Osgood. J)/.;,w.. .26 Sept., 1789 Timolbv Pickering, Pa.. 7 Nov., 1791 .loseph Habersham. C(l.. 2 .Jan., 179.5 Gideon Granger. Ct. 17 Mar.. 1802 Ueubcn.L Meigs. Wiio.. " 1814 John M-Lean,"0/ii<) 9 Dec, 1623 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The " Attorneys-general," who arc considered as forming a part of the Cabinet, and who are the constitutional advisers and defendants of the government, are generally men of the greatest acquire- ments in their profession. The gentlemen who have held this office are enumerated in the annex- ed list : Allorneys-general — Salary $4,000 per Annum. Edmund Kandolph,r(l..26 SepL, nS9 William Bradforil, /U..27.Jan., 1794 Cliarles Lee, Vit 10 Dec, 1795 Levi Lincoln, Muss 5 Mar., isol Robert Smilli. ;1« 2 " 1S05 John Breckenridge, K',i..1A Dec, 1S06 Jnlin Y. Mason, Va 5 Mar., 1S4.') Nalhan Clifford 1S4T Isaac TouL-cy, Ct 184S Itevcrdy Johnson, J/t?... 6 Mar., 1849 J. .1. Oritlendcn, Ky 20 July, 1S50 Caleb CusUing, Mass.. . . 5 Mar., 1S53 William Wirl, J/a 16 Dec, 1817 John M'Ph. Berrien, Ga. 9 Mar., 1S29 Koger B. Taney, JM. 1831 BeT)j. F. Buller, JV. K . . . . 25 Dec, 1S35 Felix Grundy, Temi 1 Sept., 1S3S Henry D. Gilpin, Pa.. ..11 J.m., 1840 0:esar A. Rodney, i)rf...21 Jan., ISO" 1 John J. Crittenden, Ay.. 5 Mar., 1S41 William Pinckney, J1/B..11 Dec, 1811 Hugh 8. LegarS. S. G. ..18 Sept., 1S41 Eichard Rush, Pa 10 Feb., 1S14 ' John Nelson, Md. 1 July, 1843 The judici.al powers of the United States are vested in a Supreme Court, and in such other infe- rior courts as Congress may from time to time establish. The present judicial establishment con- sists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District Courts. The " Supreme Court," the highest judicial tribunal of the Union, is composed of a Chief-Justice and eight Associate Justices, the Attorney-general, a Reporter, and Clerk. This court is held in Washington, and has one session annually, commencing on the first Monday in December. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in all controversies of a civil nature where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens, and except, also, between a State and citizens of other States or aliens — in which latter case it has original but uot exclusive jurisdiction. It has exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits and proceedings .against .ambassadors or other public ministers, or their domestics or domestic servants, as a court of law can have or exercise consist- ently with the law of nations ; and original, but not exclusive jurisdiction of all suits brought by ambassadors or other public ministers, in which a consul or a vice-consul is a party. It has appellate jurisdiction from final decrees and judgments of the circuit courts in cases where the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum or value of 2,000 dollars, and from final decrees and judgments of the highest courts of the several States in certain cases. It has power to issue writs of prohibition to the District Courts, when proceeding as Courts of Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; and writs of mandamus in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law to any courts appointed or persons holding office under the authority of the United States. The trial of issues in fact in the Supreme Court in all actions at law against citizens of the United States is by jury, A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court of law or equity of a State in which a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or any authority exercised under the United States, and the decision is ag.^inst their validity ; or where is drawn in question tlie validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised under any Jtate, on the ground of their being repugnant to the constitution, treaties, or laws of the United Jtatcs, .and the decision is in favor of their validity ; or where is drawn in question the construction of any clause of the constitution, or of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under the United States, and the decision is agjiinst the title, right, privilege, or exemption, specially set up or claimed by either party, under such clause of the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, may be re-examined, and reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme Court of the United States, upon a writ of error, the citation being signed by the Chief Justice, or Judge, or Ch.anccllor of the court rendering or passing the judgment or decree complained of, or by a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the same manner, and under the same regulations, and the writ has the same effect, as if the judgm'ent or decree complained of had been rendered or passed in a Circuit Court ; and the proceeding upon the reversal is also the same, except that the Supreme Court, in- stead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, at their discretion, if the cause shall have been once remanded before, proceed to a final decision of the same, and award execution. But no other error can be assigned or regarded as a ground of reversal in any such case, than such as appears on the face of the record, and immediately respect tlie before-mentioned questions of valid- ity or construction of the said constitution, treaties, statutes, commissions, or authorities, in dispute. Cliicf-Justiccs of the Stq^rcine Court — Salary 5?.5,OnO per Annum. .John Jav. N.Y. 2G SepL, 1789 John Eutledee, S. C... 1 July, 17'.'.5 William Cushiug, Mass. .27 Jan., 1796 Oliver Ellsworth, Ct 4 Mar, 1706 I Roger B. Taney, J/(? 28 Dec, 1SS5 John Jay. A^ Y. 19 Dee., Isiio John Marshall, Va 27 Jan., 18U1 | The " Circuit Courts" are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court assigned to the Circuit and by the Judge of the District in which the Court sits conjointly. The United States is divided into 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. nine judiqial Circuits, in eacli of -wliioli a Court is lield twice a year. Tlie Circuits are as follows : VI. North Carolina, South C.irolin.i. and Georgia. VII. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. VIII. K'-nluclcy, Tenn<--s3et', and Missouri. IX. Mississippi and Arliansas. I. Maine, N. TTanipshire, Massaehust^tt^i, and R. Island. II. Vi-rmont, Conntntii'Ut, and New York. III. Nt?\v .Jers'-v ann Ter... "Wisconsin 14 Area in P.ipii itmn. Wliite Ci.(nre.(. Feraons. Free. 2.293 slave. 6ft.T'>2 426.4S6 8W.-92 771.671 52,19S 162.189 60S 47.100 209.897 1SS,9S1 272..306 83,2((1 — 8(18,607 6(1 88,027 9.978 8,687 51,687 4,6T4 863,099 7.C93 — 370.792 2.130 71.109 18.((73 2.290 91.532 59.2r.8 47.211 924 39.309 87.444 5s, 01)11 521.672 2,931 381,682 906.1-5 56.411,'i 846.036 6,435 — .'•61.470 83.MI9 1S7.171 6i',»14 977.628 10,788 — 988,416 191.879 3,36 192,214 .37,ri-ill 761.417 10,007 210.981 9S2.405 46,431 256.491 17,462 244,609 517.702 3(1.0110 681.813 1.356 — 683.169 9.;«6 417,94.-! 74.723 90,368 683.084 T.SiJd 9S5.450 9.064 — 994.514 66.24;i 896.(97 2,567 — 397.654 S:i,(l(«l 6,038 .39 — 6.077 47.1. '.6 295.715 930 309.S7S 606.526 67.3SII 692.004 2,61S 87,422 682.044 136.71(0 — ~ — 9,2,S0 317.466 620 817.976 8.320 465.518 23,82(( 222 489.665 21((.744 61.630 17 — 61,647 4(;,ii"i( 3,n4S,3i5 49,069 — 3.097..394 45,000 658.028 27.463 2SS.648 869,039 6S7,.';(;4 — — — — 39,964 1,955,108 2.i.S19 — 1.9S0.427 841.463 13.i 88 206 — 18-294 46,(10(1 2,26~,463 68.323 — 2.811.7-0 1.360 143.876 8.C70 — 147.546 24,500 274,567 8.956 8S4.9S4 668.507 46.(;()0 766.753 6,401 239,460 1,002,614 237.321 154,034 897 68,161 212,.592 l'-7.923 11.380 24 20 H..3S0 10,212 S13.402 718 — 814,120 61,352 894,800 64,838 472,628 1,421,661 68,924 304,758 6.33 — .305.391 Pfipiilat'l to sfjuan Miles. 16.2 4.0 861.4 79.8 43.6 1.4 16.6 163 29.2 8.7 26.0 11.0 19.4 62.3 126.1 7.0 .0 12.8 10.1 34.2 lifl.O .2 67.6 19.3 49.5 .0 50.2 108.0 27.2 21,9 .8 .0 80.0 23.1 .6.6 Mantifac tabliili'ls 1,022 271 427 8,913 513 121 1.407 3,090 4,826 482 8,471 1.021 3,682 3.868 9.087 1.979 6 866 8,030 8,301 4,374 23.823 2,523 10,6.50 61 22,036 1,144 1,473 2,7-9 8cl 16 1,836 4.433 41.964 17,768 264 22.445 6.003 4.304 51.7.69 76.208 93,896 14.806 74,777 18,422 46,76'i 21.860 S-4.23"> 84,089 167 83.960 54,458 29.229 28.906 170.021 56.916 143,887 I.IP* 127.JT7 J.3S5 29.969 72.710 12,198 926 29.657 77,013 Ceni»ii9 Valuatiiin. $22S.2((4, .39.841 22.161, 14.018. 155.707. 21.062, 22.862. 864,425, 150,265, 202,050. .332 .025 ,872 ,874 ,980 ,556 270 ,714 ,006 ,264 1.273 20,177 42,056,695 28.714.633 301.028.466 2.3.3.998.704 122.777..171 219.217 364 573.342,2S6 59.787,255 22S.95I.130 . 137,247,707 103.652'<35 200,0(«l,000 6..'f4.471 1,08C.209.2I6 i(£6,s00,472 604,726.120 .5.063.474 722.456.120 80.508.794 288.257.094 20l.246.6S6 62,740,473 986.083 92.206,049 480,701,082 UNITED STATES OF AMEPvICA. 2. Progressive Movement of Population. CotoreJ Persona. Census Years. 1790 .... 1300 . . . . 1310 .... 1320 . . . . 1330 . . . . 1S40 .... 1350 . . . . -White Persons. .. 3.172.404. .. 4,304.439.. .. 5.862.004.. .. 7,366.569. ..10,532,060.. ..14,139,7(15., ..19,630,738. Free. . 59.4116. .1118.395. .186,440., .233,.5'24. .819.699., .336,292. .423,661. Sl.ive. . 697,397.. . 69:Ul57.. .1,191,364.. .1,533,093.. .2,009,043.. .2,437,.356.. .3,204,US9.. Total I'(.p. . 3.929.,s-J7.. . 5,311.5.941.. . 7.-Ji9.SI4.. . 9,63^.191.. .12.3G0.n20.. .17,1109,443. UL.te. 85.7. 36 2. , 34.2. .33.9. 84.7. .23,203,433 SS.3. 82.2... .. 27.9... ...35.00 92.3... .. S3.4... ...80.45 2.5.2... .. 29.1... ...83.12 3G.S... .. 811.6... ...33.48 20.8... .. 2.-!.3... ...3-2.07 10.9... .. 23.8... . . .30.28 PLioe of Origin. Maine ^'ew Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts . . . Khode Island — Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . . , TJeluwarc Maryland Pop. 584,310 371,409 R77.741 894.S13 Hn,941 447,544 2.093,414 613,310 2.200.727 104,316 525,398 3. Origin of the Free Population of 1850 A, — Native Population. Place of Origin, Pop. i Place ol Origin. Pop. Hist, or Columbia.. 32,236 i Tennessee Virginia l,20o,9s2 North Carolina 339,"-25 mill Carolina 44'<,030 Go Florida Aluliama . Mi^sissij)])! Louisiana. Texas .... Arkansas. , 52.'i.02ll 2.i.297 8211.930 172.473 lCll,2.i3 61,041 England 278.075 Ireland . Scotland . . ■Wales Germany . France . . . Spain Portugal . . Belgium.. 961.719 711.550 29.308 673,225 54,1169 8,113 1,274 1,318 Holland 9,848 Turkey 106 luilv 8,615 Austria 910 Swilzerlund 1.3,358 Russia 1,414 Norway 12,678 Denmark 1,833 74,122 I Minnesout . . JB. — Foreign Population. .. 826,690 K.iiUR-ky 859.407 (lliio 1,514,335 Michigan 153.067 Indiana 683.117 Illinois .389.6117 Missouri 315,423 Iowa 50.733 Wisconsin 60.790 California 6,693 . . 1,334 Place of Origin. Pop. Oregon 3.1 75 Utah 1,331 New Mexico 53,421 Nalives of ilie Ter- ritories, but resid- ing in otiier parts of the Union 949 Total. .17,737,578 Sweden 3,,l59 Prussia 10,549 Sardinia 34 Greece 86 Cliiiia 758 Asia 877 Africa 551 British America 147,711 Mexico Central Anu*rlca .. Soulh America. . . . "West Indies Sandwich Islands . Other cnnntries . . . 13..3I7 141 1.543 5,772 533 8,214 Total 2,210,339 C— Origin Unknown. Total 39,164, Deaf ayid Dumb, Blind, Insane, and Idiotic, 1850. .4.— Absolute Number of each Class. Colore.! Persons. White Pel Deaf and Dumb Blind 4,619 Insane 7,69' M,.le. Fein. 5.027 4,053. 8,473. .4.59. 239. 144. Idiotic S,270 5,954 234... Fern. . 66.. . 2,')5.. . 177.. . 202.. 270. 602. 117. 636. Fem. . 218.. . 649.. . 174.. . 455.. Aggregate of e.Kll Cla^fi. ... 9.717 15.703 15,706 i?.— Hallo of each Class ti) the aggregate Poputatitti. Colorei! Persons. ■White Persnni Deaf and Dumb. Blind Insane Idiotic Total nunilier. 9.091. 7,997. 16.156. 14.-230. Ratio of H.atio one to p. c. . 2,161... 0.04. . 2,445... 0.04. . 1,290... 0.O7. . 1,374... 0.07. Numher. .. 143.. .. 494.. .. 321.. .. 4-30.. tine ti.479 349.(149 4,4-'15.fil4 3,444,858 1,590,025 6:^9.107 781,531 5.175,173 ll,36';.270 9,S5I,493 1,929,110 5,046.M3 5,039,515 2,93S.425 824,682 1,045.499 62.324 5,035 132.S57 16.333 166,201 2,616,797 1.140,926 1,. 524.4 13 1,222.576 197.451 61.5,701 6,710,120 934.956 6,294.728 375.282 1,836,415 11,187 16.792,176 15.643,010 12,145.049 16.442.900 1.236.240 7.702.067 7.046.061 8,939,018 14.464.669 1,816,634 13,308.849 10.972.478 8,146.000 2.454,730 7.746.S79 6.997.867 6.794.245 1.9n,.3.32 1,931,159 8,831,571 23,846 299,961 80,516 124.870 4.6.55.898 S.392,414 4,125.822 8,356.012 653,988 2,833,879 19,119,088 2,752,946 14,923,347 956,144 4,634,350 27.454 26.1.52,811 20,996,937 16,217.700 22,821.379 1,635,289 12,137,681 10.490,419 6.6'J9,048 16.093,776 2.693,215 18.934.022 22.3411,743 17.997.493 4.833,390 12,793.422 12,087,412 9.782,670 2.736,064 2.976.65S 8,893,395 28.881 4-32.808 46.849 290,571 $54,861,748 66.246.997 63.867.227 109,076,347 17,070,802 72,-26,422 6.54,,546,642 120,237,511 407.876,099 18,880.1131 87.178,545 1.780.460 21 6.4< (1.441 67,801.766 82.4:31,634 95.753.445 6.323.109 64,323,224 64.738 6,34 76,814,398 16.S98.747 16,2(i5,245 97.851,212 154..380.262 858,763.603 51,872.446 186,385.173 96.133.290 63.225,.543 16,657,567 28.628.663 8,874.041 161,948 2,849,170 811,799 1,653,952 $12 (4 16 23 15 .SO 82 50 Rhode Island 80 82 80 ,50 29 00 43 67 27 .38 19 75 IS 81 63 0.3 8 27 8 23 5 03 4 19 Florida S 99 5 80 6 22 13 71 1 09 5 88 5 16 6 91 Ohio 19 98 11 83 10 66 7 99 6 50 6 09 9 63 99 6 61 6 58 Utah do 6 65 5 69 Aggregate 113,457,622 184,621,848 808,078,970 8,270,733,093 aT.10 79 16 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. o^ Statement of th e Food Crops for the Year ending \st June, 1850. Slates anj Terr.L„rie9. Wle-at. bushels Barley, busliels. Rice, pouii,la. Peaa aoH Pclntoea. biislieb. busliels. t,u,l,el>. busiiels Bean,s, bu9b«1a Irisb, Sweut, bushels. bushela. Maine ... 296.259 102,916 1,750.056 2.1 M, 0.37 151,731 104,,523 _ 205,541 3,436.040 New Hampshire. 18.5,6.58 183.117 1,673,670 973,:lsl 70,256 65 266 — 7(1,860 4,304,919 — Yermnni 635,955 176.233 2.032,396 2,:io7,7:!4 42,1,51! 2oa,sl9 — 104,649 4,961,014 — Massaeliiisi^lta . . 31,211 4S1.021 2,345.190 1,166,146 112.3S5 105. S96 — 43.709 3,58.6.884 — Khode Island. .. 49 26.409 639,201 215,232 18,876 1,246 — 6,846 051,029 41,762 600.893 1,9^.043 l,2.is73'5 19,099 229,297 — 19,090 2,689,725 60 1S,121,49> 4.14~.lv2 17,858.4110 26.,5.52,-.IJ 3,585,059 :!,lss,9,56 . — 741,636 16,398,362 5.623 New .lersey 1,001.1911 1.2,5557-~ ^,7.59 704 3.:^7s,u6;J 6.492I .s7s.a;U — 14,174 a,2o7,2;;6 508.015 Ponnsvlvania ... 16,367.691 4,805,160 19.S36.214 21,.'-.3sl,56 165,6^4 2,193,692 — 65,281 5,980,732 62.172 4,82,511 8,066 8.146,642 601,518 56 s,615 — . 4,120 240,542 65,448 Maryland 4,494.i'i80 226,014 11.104,631 2.242.151 745 103,671 . — , 12,816 764,!):W 208,993 Dis. of Columbia. 17.870 6 50S 65,2311 S,l:J4 76 378 — 7,7,54 28,292 8,497 11,282 616 2,1.30,102 458 931 229,663 85,254,319 27,941,0.51 10,179,045 4.0,52,07s 26,437 2,7:» 214,'9- 16,704 17.154 5,465,868 521,681 1,584,2,52 1,816,933 620,318 1,818.671 North Carolina.. 6.095.709 South Carolina.. 1,006,277 43,791 16.271,464 2,:!22,156 4,583 283 1.59,9:50,613 1,026,900 136,494 4.337.469 Georsia 1,08^,5:^1 63,75' 30,080,1199 8.820.044 11,501 250 38,960,691 1,142,011 227,879 6,986.428 1,027 294.044 1,1.52 17.261 1.996,809 28,754,048 66,586 2,966.697 8,958 55 348 1,076,090 2,311,2,52 185,.3,59 892,701 7,828 246,001 757.226 Ahtbania 6,475.204 Mississippi 187.991 9.606 22.446,6,52 1,503,28^ 229 1,121 2,719,856 1,072,767 201,482 4.741.795 Louisiana 417 475 10.266.37:; 89,637 — 3 4,425,849 161,732 95,632 1,428,4.53 41,681 199,6.39 3,108 8,047 6,926,611 8,893.939 17,s,883 6,56.183 4,776 177 59 175 87,916 63,179 179,.332 285,738 93,548 193,832 1,323.170 788,149 Tennessee 1,619,.3S1 89,163 ,52,276,22:; 7,708,086 2,737 19,427 25S,a54 369,321 1, 007,84^ 2,777,716 KentQcky 2,140,822 415.073 68.675.691 8,2(11,311 95,.34S 16,097 6,688 202,674 1.4;i2.,l,s7 998,184 14,487,351 4,9'-'6.889 42.5,718 105.871 59,1178 695 5,641,420 13 472,74i 2.^66,(16( 3,54.858 75,249 638,064 472.917 — 60,16'; 5,067 70( 187,991 74,2,'4 2.369.S97 1,177 6,214.4,5,' 78.792 52,964,3i;:J 5.6.')5.01J 45.483 149,741 — 35,773 2,(l'-3.3;!7 201,711 9,414 575 2.9S1.6.W 8:!.364 44.268 57,C46,9-i| 86,214,.'i37 10.087.241 5.27,8.(179 1111.795 9.631 IM.6114 23.611 70( 82,814 46,017 2.5I4S61 939,001 157,433 Missouri 836,505 l.,M0,5>il 4,280.131 19,916 81.253 8.6.50.799 1,988.979 1.524.345 3,414,672 25,093 209.692 62.616 79,>i7s 600 4,775 20.667 276,121 1,402.077 6,243 "Wisconsin 879 California 17,328 — 12,236 — 9,712 — — 2,292 9.292 1,000 Minn Territory. 1.401 135 16,726 8n„5S2 1,216 616 — 10.002 21,145 2U0 Greg, >n Territory 211.49> 106 2 918 65.146 — — — 6,666 91.32( — lUali Territory.. 107.702 210 9,899 10,90( 1,79£ 83i — 2S9 4:?,96^ 00 New Mex. Ter, . 19C.M( — .",6'..411 6 6 UK — 15,688 i — Atrcreeate. . . . 1U0.503.V9' 14 18< 63^ ,^o» H-h\ CI 1 46 6li7 ^"0 5,167,016 S,9,56,9K 21.5.312.71( 9,219,97." 65.796.793 38,259.196 3. Statement of TAve-Slock in the several States, for the year ending 1st June, 1850. states and Territories. Hor.es. As.es and mules. Milrhirriws. XVork.ug oxen. other cattle. Sheep, Swine. Vxiue <,r live,,t..,k. 41.721 84.233 61.067 42,216 6,168 26,879 447.014 63.9.56 850.398 13.853 76.684 824 272.403 14S,693 97,171 151,:!81 10.848 128,001 11.5.460 89,514 75,419 60,197 270,636 81.5.682 463,397 ,58,506 814.299 207,053 225,299 88.536 30.179 21,719 860 8,046 2,429 5,079 65 19 218 84 1 49 963 4.0S9 2,2,59 791 6.044 67 21.180 26,269 87.48:) 87.379 6.002 69.895 MM^ 44,849 12,864 ll,6,-.9 76,803 66,609 8,423 70 0.599 1O573 41,667 754 1,56 1,000 14 420 325 8,6,54 188.5.56 94,277 140.128 130,099 2-1,698 85,461 931,324 118,730 5311,224 19,2+3 S6,S59 818 817,610 221,799 193,244 8:34.223 72.876 227,791 214.231 105,676 214.768 93,151 2.50.460 247,476 6+1,499 99,676 284,.5,54 294,671 280,109 +5,704 64,339 4,280 607 9,427 4,861 10,635 a3.893 69.027 +8,577 46,011 8.189 46 988 178,909 12,070 61.527 9.797 84,185 104 89,513 87,309 211.,607 78,280 6,794 66.961 83.485 54,908 49,982 34,239 80.2.55 62,074 66,381 68,;350 40,221 76,166 112.168 21,892 42,801 4,780 655 8.114 6.206 12,267 125.890 11+606 1.54,143 83,284 9,375 80,226 767,406 80,455 562,196 24,160 98,595 123 669,1.37 434,402 663.935 690.019 182,415 483,263 436.254 414.798 636,805 105..320 414.061 442.703 749,067 119.471 889,891 541,209 449,173 69,025 76.293 253,599 740 24,183 2,489 10,085 451.677 884.760 1,014,122 188.051 44.296 174,181 3,453,241 160,483 1,822,357 27,603 177,902 150 1,310,004 695.249 2S6,^51 560.485 23,811 871.880 ,304,929 110,838 99,098 91,2,56 811,591 1,102,121 , 8,948,929 746,4,35 1.122,498 894,0+3 762,511 149,960 124,892 17,574 80 15,882 3,262 877,271 54,598 63,487 66.296 81,119 19,609 76,472 1,018,252 250,370 1,(140,306 60,201 352,911 1,0.36 1.830.743 I,8r2,sl3 1.066.6(1:'. 2,168,617 2(19,453 1.904.,540 1,582,734 597,801 683,614 830,727 8,104,800 2,861,168 1,904,770 206,847 2.263,776 1,916,910 1.702,625 323,247 159.276 2,770 734 80,2:35 914 7,314 t9,7li5,720 S,S71 901 12,643.223 9.647.71(1 Kho,k* Island 1.5:32.037 7.407,490 New York .- 73,570,499 10,079,291 41,600.0.53 1..349.281 7,997.6.34 71.048 .53.050,669 17,717,647 15.(160.015 25.728,410 2.880,053 21.690,112 19,403,662 11,1,52,275 10,266,8,80 0,647,969 29,97,8,01s 29,.591,8S7 44,121,741 8,008,7:34 23.478,5,55 24,20y,26S 19.892,580 8,6^9,275 4,897,385 8,851.058 92.8,59 1,870.189 Utah TerriUiry .' New Mexico Territory ,540.968 1,494,629 Aeeregate 4.335..368 6.59,229 0.892.044 1.699,241 10,268„S66 21,721.814 80.316.608 ,543.960.420 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 8 S "^ -8 « - E = B a c m l2 o rr "^^ ■' J^ •-- ?* "* 9t I--- c? CI o X c» o <= c» ci r- c (K to i^ ci c» ift c» -^ o ,|5S- s & all OD C 2» 'C t^ -S- = •*■ ^' "K 7» = (- :T. — -f ^ — = — CI X CI — 1-; 7J r. -T 'Tt ^ 1/1 1 g is Ct C9 Ci "fl" r-< <-4 1 to g 2|J 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i^§ii"i&i"^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II CI S'll 1 1 III asi ISS/'S 1" I5S2E S «»'=^||iaSS''SH 1 1 1 1 1 1 S. ii 1 1 1 5 d ■ — (?» tr* (?» L-; X t- o t- -^ — o '.o n r- s -^ LI jtj — — — ■ ti 7» ~ rj c s ro C-. ^O CJO r: - -^ iC^O S3 0; CT; n 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "" II M 1 1 Ti 1 r'"i 1 1 1 M I'l^ '"^1' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^i r^ tD 1 5|| oJcd Von'is tc'rj r:.-i(?j ' fir^ ' cT — r-' ci ^ V ■«a' ci o" ' i"ii 1 Pi 1 1 s s ■^ SSKSi = SSpgSgsaS55'5Sjj=c;pgS5!S§SJSS5HS2SS i-oi — xx-ic-cis: — CT. iJc: •-=(!■. -r-otsrtt- CI oo(--ia>(7(Oicrjotoo=;cox 1-7 C-. (i 1-^ I- "' 51 M ■»*' n •!• f* cl c; r-< (Ti j^ ^ -»■ c; o o -j x c- ' [- SI S M 13 ^ = ci ^ 3t.K S ;f X ^ =; x S ^ 8J ^ ^ - ' -^ '^' g ?) !c S C-; ^ n =•_ 1 1 r^ 111 X — i- ct C; i^ -rf -J- — — -^ +( ~ '^ 1 c; 7J ':> i-; ci >- i.-; r)6 CJ = c-: 'o c; -r -j- 1- C- X X = ?' X = C» t- (- X -J =: -T- C» 1.- t- X -ri — Ti — — Ai C t' X -J- rl- X r- Ci c**j x'c'x --3 cit-: x"":J ='i^ :^.t. f-: -.z^ x'-ro x t? (-■"(-' rf-*' -rTj^ r-rx"7?o ■=■2 3 III X LT cS => c^- — Ci rr( fo '."J X -- ~ — (~ .-j^t- -^ r? w- r- oc r^J ~. -.r — . w t^ -s* X' i~ rt Ci CO ^ r-* ^_--' t— 1— = |.5 > \i E - a. 1 % C \ > B Jj ~ Q. 1 1 s 6 13 IS 10 ISO IS 29 2 8 3 23 21 85 1 2 2 5 1 $214,000 2.001 62.600 469,000 225,600 605,000 967.000 8,670,425 1,420.000 618,801 25,000 26,000 11,000 1,021.400 924,700 1,503,000 16,000 72,000 C5,0il0 619,000 15,000 $14,939 4.900 40.175 185,741 289.225 321.02T 8.32,707 3,732,427 560,725 153,307 27,900 25,S40 6,770 254,900 260,162 630,037 14.000 24.400 15.500 97,867 8,250 $36,616 6.000 68,000 295.123 415.600 697,920 500,544 6,071,513 1,056,400 621,924 12,600 57,300 22.500 676,100 604,037 1,255,850 21.000 68.000 7fl.200 814,600 27,M0 25 26 26 68 20 60 823 46 320 13 16 54 5 6 4 10 8 8 2 16 20 183 63 14 29 6 8 15 1 2 $1.50,10f 232,700 200.720 1,499,050 42s,sotl 580,800 4,622,482 ,593.250 3.422,924 873.500 S.59,100 471,160 11,600 186,700 86,000 216.625 100,000 255.00" 16,000 1S9,.500 502,20ii 2,0G:i,660 195,450 82,900 20O.400 18T.O00 6.500 116,350 6,000 14,000 $112 670 *9fi-, ono 2 8 6 1 IS 60 63 181 2 17 89 19 3 1 42 4 11 8 2 New Ilanipsbire Vermont Ma^SNCIiusetls .. Khoiie Island . . Connecticut New Yiirlv New .Jersey Pennsylvania. .. Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia Flori.la Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Te.\.as Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky Ohio Michigan Iniiiana 177,000 160.603 1.057.9114 258.267 ,361.3fl9 2,393.768 301.048 2.372.407 153,8.52 259.190 297,014 8,341 29,128 11,950 102,085 50,370 75.800 8,400 90,0.35 296.533 1,199.790 91.865 60,918 172.330 133.114 2.524 86,930 8.6:!0 18,100 371,710 460.831 2.235.635 728.705 931.400 5,921.980 6S6,4:!0 8..364.SS1 267.462 685.000 674.416 12.807 87.6S3 46,200 271,120 117,400 312.500 56,000 2M,825 744.316 S,069..35O 279,007 149,130 441,185 836.495 8.500 216.195 29.740 41,696, $4,000 62.700 610.301 208.000 629.500 1,181,300 1,016.84:? 7,620,066 16.000 780,650 791,211 103,000 9,200 2,600 755,050 176,000 620,800 17,000 42,100 $5,600 66.194 221,194 111,750 358.780 838,314 .320.9,50 5,48S,391 19,500 489,511 691,44s 28,114 6,956 8,000 835,616 180,800 604,493 4,425 24,609 $10,400 163,9S6 42S.320 222.400 667.660 1,428,968 629.273 8,902,907 65,090 771,4.31 1,264,995 66,980 16,384 7,500 670,618 299,700 1,076,19* 11,760 Missouri Iowa Wisconsin California D. of Columbia. 63,700 Total 377 17,346,425 7,005,289 12,748,777 1,891 17.416,361 I0,346,3,^5 25.108,1,55, 422 1 4,496,220l9,698,l 09!l 6,747,074 V. INTEP.NAL IMPP.OVEMENTS.— EAILKOADS, ETC. In no other particular can the prosperity of a country be more strikingly manifested than by the perfection of its roads and other means of internal communication. The system of railrotids, ca- nals, plank-roads, post-routes, river navigation, and telegraphs possessed by the United States, presents an indication of its .advancement in power and civilization more wonderful than any other feature of its progress. In truth, the country in this respect occupies the first place among the nations of the world. The primary design of nearly all the great lines of railway in the United States has been to con- nect the sea-coast with the distant interior ; to effect which object it was necessary to cross the AUeghanies, which intersect every line of travel diverging to the West from the great commercial cities of the sea-board. The following are some of the vast enterprises which have been undertaken to accomplish this great purpose, which h.ave either been finished or are in such a state of progress as leaves no doubt of their being brought to a successful issue within a few years : First. The railroads connecting Portland, the commercial capital of Maine, with the British provinces, and through their public works, the .St. Lawrence lliver and the lakes, with the West- ern States of the Union. Secojid. The railroads from Boston westward, connecting at Albany with the ro.ads of Central New York, and, by the more northern route, traversing New Hampsliire and Vermont, continuing toward the West by the Ogdensburg Kailro.td, and bringing Jlontreal, the chief commercial city of Upper Canada, into communication with the capital of New England. T/iiril. The New York and Erie Railroad, extending from New York city to Lake Erie, and intended to form a part of a continuous line from the Hudson to the Mississippi — a project likely to be effected within the ensuing ten years. Fourth. The Pennsylvania Central P.ailro.ad, from Phil.adelphia to Pittsburg, with numerous diverging branches, to points north and south of the general direction. This great route will reach St. Louis by a nearly due west course through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The Pennsyl- Tivnia section will be completed about the end of 1853. 21 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Fifth. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the most magnificent works of the day, passes from Baltimore, through Maryland and Virginia, to Wheeling, on the Ohio. At the latter point it will form a connection with the system of roads traversing the West and North-west. .Sij-rt. The roads proposed to be constructed under authority of Virginia, and already com- menced, intended to establish communication between tide-water and the interior, and south- western parts of that State, and to continue the same through Tennessee to the Mississippi. Seuenth. The several lines of railroad from Charleston and Savannah, penetrating South Caro- lina and Georgia, concentrating in north-eastern Alabama, and reaching the level region of the Mississippi by the valley of the Tennessee River. These roads, by their western continuation, will intersect lines running to every important point between the mountains and the Mississippi River. Eighth. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad, from the Mexican gulf to the mouth of the Ohio, and the Illinois Central Railroad to the lakes, a distance in a str.aight line of about 1,100 miles. It will be seen at a glance that the leading idea in all these vast enterprises was to overcome the barrier presented by this ch.ain of mountains, to a direct and unrestricted intercourse between the sea-board and the West, and to supply the want of those natural channels of commerce, navigable rivers, extending into the section we desire to reach. The enormous aggregate of expense of the numerous works specified above, undertaken with this one object, and their importance as public improvements, may be estimated from the following brief notice of the New York and Erie Rail- road, which occupies the third place in our preceding enumeration : The longest continuous line of railroad in the world, and that in the construction of which the greatest natural obstacles have been overcome, is that which extends from the Hudson River, through the southern counties of New York, to Lake Erie. Its length is 409 miles, and it has branches of an additional length of 68 miles. Nearly its whole course is through a region of mountains. The bridges by which it is carried over the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and other streams, and the viaducts upon which it crosses the valleys that intercept its route, are among the noblest monuments of power and skill to be found in our country. The most of these works are of heavy masonry ; but one of them is a wooden bridge, 187 feet in height, with one arch, the span of which is 275 feet. One of the viaducts is 1,200 feet long, and 110 feet high. The aggregate cost of this important work was $'23,580,000, and the expense of construction was .$42,333 per mile. The following table presents, in a convenient form, some of the principal facts connected with railroads in the United States on the 1st January, 1852 and 1853. Miles of rail- MilMofrnil- Slates, etc road com- road in course Totaf. pleted. orcuit.Htrui'Iiiin. Maine .. 815 127 .... 442 New Hampshire Vermont , 4S9 47 680 .. sso 69 .... 4..(iiiil.iit)0 15,000.111111 $177,000 fil.OOO Belsium 49 000 Kussia .... 75 1 lOO Italy Ss OOO 14,1-12 1.359.06S,UOU 131,300 By these statistics it is made to appear that the average cost of European railroads was $'131,300 per mile. The average cost of American railroads completed previous to the commencement of the present year was $34,307 per mile. The excess of expenditure, therefore, in the construction of European roads over those in the United States, is §95,0'J3 per mile, or about 280 per cent. ; but it may be remarked that the average cost of construction in the United States of all the roads does not exceed .^27,300 per mile ; so that the actual excess is .'$103,000 per mile. The foregoing statements develop the striking fact that the United States po.ssess an extent of railroad nearly equal to that of the rest of the world combined ; and, at our present rate of pro- gression, we are likely, in a few years, far to exceed it. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. VI COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. L Slatislical View of the Commerce of the United Slates, exhibiting the Value of Exports to and ImjMrls from efich Foreign Country, and the Tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels arriving from and departing to each foreign country, during the year ending June 30, 1850. COUNTEIES. Rassia Prussia Sweden and Norway Swedish West Indies Deninarlv Danisii West Indies Hanse Towns Hanover HoUiind Dutch East Indies Duleh West Indies Butch Guiana Belgium England Bcolland Ireland Gil.rallar Malla Briliyh East Indies Cape of Good Hope Mauritius Honduras British Guiana British West Indies Canada NewPmndland Falkland Islands British American Colonies... Other British possessions .... France on the Atlantic France on the Mediterranean French West Indies Miquelon and French Fisheries. French Guiana Bourbon French possessions in Africa. . . Spain on the Atlantic Si>ain on the Mediterranean . . . Ten-rilTe and other Canaries. . . Manilla and Philippine Islands. Cuba Other Spanish West Indies Portuiral Madeira Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verde Italy Sicily Sardinia Tuscany Ionian Islamls Trieste and other Austrian ports Turkey Hayti Me-xico Central America New Grenada Venezuela Bolivia Brazil Argentine Republic Cisalpine Eepublic Chili Peru China Liberia West Indies generally South America generally Europe generally Asia generally Afrii'a generally South Bea Islands Eqnador Sandwich Islands AU other places COMMERCE. VALUE OF ESPORTB. produce. Foreign pr( tluce. 1666,435 70.&45 608,580 9S.176 165.874 867,140 4,820,780 2.1SS.101 180,633 8W.8.35 97.014 2,16S.35T M,6SC,959 8.021.740 1.025,081 186.807 75.829 502.013 143,219 171,984 503.776 8.612.802 4,641,451 .3,116.540 16,934.791 1.01.5.486 269.877 2.517 43 405 12,575 605.0,59 8,256,362 20.524 16,817 4,,'),30.256 816,(162 172,978 186,874 14,421 47,043 1,567,166 50.577 170,764 45,664 1.179,893 2114,397 1,211,11117 1,49s, 791 57,225 970.619 678,462 2,723,767 7IS,S,31 60,024 l,297.l:» 2.58.9-39 1,485,961 67.984 22,356 815,463 780,933 169.025 24.414 $198,506 27.991 51,610 1,166 20,706 114 818 885,742 416,564 262,952 . 56,683 5,425 875.4(j3 4,210,271 18:3,679 42,698 60,482 89,051 166,846 16,551 23,663 178.6*4 1,289,370 501,374 1.724,915 168,155 18.291 1,882 2,200 28.558 96,855 5,065 1,450 460,041 93,591 6,236 6.527 2.153 2,167 239,904 13,024 86,136 23,463 812,111 .58,344 1.39,181 614.036 12,967 285,600 840,008 473.347 846 311 1.613 126,588 16.789 119,256 50,442 13.821 28.a34 20,537 10,511 Value of im ports. ISM.941 98.036 720.190 99.342 lS0..5Sfl 981,9,58 6200.523 2,604,665 4*J,4S5 421,013 102 4-39 2 543.760 68.897.230 3.206.419 1,067,724 246,789 114,330 669.459 1+3,219 138,585 525,439 8.791.446 6,930,821 18.659.706 1,1736)1 257,603 2.517 44.787 14,775 6:54-217 3,853.217 25.539 18.267 4,990.297 909.653 178.214 143.401 16673 49.210 1.807,070 63,601 256,900 69,132 1,492,004 257,741 1,350.133 2.012.827 70.192 1,2.56.219 1,018.470 8.197.114 l,li61,lU2 61. .M3 1,422,721 275,728 1,605,217 67.9,34 72,693 .323.784 7.59,266 189,362 84.925 tl.511.672 27.469 1,032.117 2.193 527 267,4,59 8,737,874 1,686 967 444.4(4 6:iO,146 71,043 3,404,964 72.HS.971 2,746.670 298.733 44.269 11&54 2,865,016 73,206 14,591 1.126,963 4,285.470 1,858,992 497 35.8.35,170 1,702.855 75,634 12,651 10,005 330.131 1,702 214 85,238 1,836,866 10,292.898 2.067,866 889,763 114,729 16,828 2,105,077 822,629 205 467,601 801,023 1,544,771 2,1:35,806 261,4.59 691.993 1,920,347 9,324.429 2,65:3,877 1,796,877 170,753 6,598,462 9,417 86,659 402,599 524,722 4.618 64,474 26 NAVIGATION. AMERICAN TONNAGE. U. Slates. 12,377 240 8,391 449 896 12.940 23,331 2.761 17,S&4 8,689 22.964 3 892 23,oa3 489,8:39 18,906 10.022 2,884 163 23,537 773 4 336 2,738 69,302 889,755 122 55,465 1,223 106,307 8,560 2,859 018 1,224 859 17,6:38 12,827 2,178 10,259 249,307 41,768 2,768 1,.5S6 1,050 81,417 18.33 6,701 808 4893 6,076 41,690 22,.585 8,549 104,176 11,536 840 62,905 18,9.80 90 14.610 5.100 21,969 998 945 8,681 1,101 881 9,267 39,066 5,0J8 M9 2,454 502 19,875 21,156 14.968 4.070 9,283 4,932 21,428 440,682 15,759 10.014 7,050 2.665 29.339 1,912 841 4.225 11,643 93,833 919,515 4.137 2,157 78.293 917 114,589 14,168 11,227 905 1,834 18,706 9,807 647 3,165 254.013 80,744 2,976 4,182 903 1,886 8826 7,791 2,537 6,903 2,689 47,931 20,618 8,290 101,753 8,509 887 63,113 16,107 807 41,279 10,:332 17,830 1,039 8,843 1,365 6,218 8.492 2,642 299 81,628 33,787 FOREIGN TONNAGB. Entered Cleared tlie from tlio U. Slates. U. Stales. 2,131 23,554 46 S92 966 65,664 8,978 11,967 8,348 133 5,766 421, .5:30 66.026 77,507 290 236 615 904 49,230 447,372 1,695 17,4.34 838,426 82,6:37 10,215 4,6.'7 93 260 4.779 22,894 1,215 1,176 83,030 8,074 6,018 836 1,717 9,511 T.399 7,371 2,205 429 6,289 86,"39 653 6,295 2,708 1,2S0 9.:)63 13.081 1.1S5 13,369 1,803 7,445 2,636 384 1,891 83S 4,195 453 3,990 1,88T 9,823 882 8,2:32 2,690 63,016 200 22,753 8,320 161 364 4,068 269,073 17,276 22,972 806 456 2,133 1,933 2,5ST 39,071 456,527 12.420 8,793 621,112 42S 17,616 8,676 211 1,008 93 763 130 10,583 »4,297 1,376 3,692 29,703 3,103 7,531 1,879 161 611 1,683 6,800 909 6,389 8,127 80,104 1,723 6,237 2,697 870 8,669 9,360 1,167 25,388 7,340 8,106 348 649 631 1,47T 1,185 11,970 866 Tot.tl 186.946.912 1149.51.808 151398.720 178.13S..318 2573.016 2,6.32,788 1,775,628 1,728,214 ii UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 2. Statement of the Commerce of each Stale, from Ju y 1, 1849, to June 30, 1850. VAUTE OF EXPORTS. VjVLUE of IMPORTS. STATES, DOUESTIO PEODCCE. FOEEIGN PEODCCE. Total ot Arae,„:an & foreign produce. In An.iTican VMBPlp. In Forrign veseeld. Tulal. In Ameri can veasel«. In Foreign vessels. Total, vessels. vessels. Total. Maine $ 1,1.3.6.99s J400.S20 tl,636.81S $14,51^ $5,530 $20,094 $1,560,912 $6(19.155 $247,266 $866,411 2,835 5,887 8.722 — 205 205 8,927 19,962 29.117 49.079 404,749 — 404,745 26,157 — 26,167 43,906 463,092 — 463.092 MassnehiHVs. 7.00ii,ll« 1,253,370 S,253.47J 1,898,497 629,795 2,428,290 10,680,76:3 22,106,011 8,268,673 30,874,684 Ehocii- Ulaii.l 205.9CS 830 206.29S 9,966 - 9,966 215,266 251,708 6 596 258.803 Ci'iineotioiil. 241,262 241,262 668 668 241,930 311.927 60.46:5 872.890 New York . . S3,9M,4tl9 7,608,391 41.502,800 7,086,687 4,128,802 11,209,989 62,712,789 88,147,721 22,976,803 111,123,624 New Jersey . 1.6.65 1,0.65 — — — 1.666 — 1,494 1,494 Pennavlvatiia 3,42S,16f 621,314 4,049,4W 868,225 88,917 452,142 4,601,606 10,795,462 \,270,692 12,060,154 Delaware . . . — — — — — — — — . — , — Maryland ... 4,6.67,185 1,982,296 6,589.481 250,861 127,011 877,872 6,967,8.58 5,529,682 594,519 6,124,201 Dial, of Col... 73,17.6 S,21£ iO,3Ss 2O0 — 200 80,588 69,219 600 69,819 Virginia 2,365,241 1,047,917 8,»J3,1.68 2,4Sa — 2,488 3,41 5.M6 172,878 2.53.721 426,599 N. OuroliiM.. 2;>9.Clli 156.885 416,501 — — — 416.601 179,249 144,44:) 823,692 6. Ciir.liria . . 6.467,301 4.979.691 11.446,s92 400 508 908 11,447,800 1,818,663 620,127 1,9:33,785 Georgia 2 622,1.62 4.929,791 7.,661,94:3 — 7,561,94:! 806,88'S S30.0S1 636.964 Florida 1.113.97s 1.493.990 2,607,968 15,656 — 15,656 2,623.624 80.241 66,408 95,709 Alatiama 4.601.515 5,94;3,*13 10.544..S6S — — — 10,.6«.S58 10.3,1:34 757,22,s 866,362 Louisiana . . . 20,927,761 16,770,526 87,698,277 328 930 78.143 407,078 83,105,360 8,107,929 2,662,570 10.760,499 Mississippi.. . Tennessee.. . __ __ 27.966 27,968 Missouri — — 359,643 — R.69,M3 Ohio 117,989 99,543 217,532 — 100 100 217,682 898,999 183,r)05 583,604 Kenlncky ... — — — — _ — — 190.987 — 190,987 Michigan 57,232 74,813 1.32,048 — ^- — 132,045 144.102 — 144,102 Illinois 1,232 16,437 17.649 — — — 17,699 7,78:3 7.922 1.5,705 Te.\as — 24,958 24,958 — — — W,96S 14,652 10,998 25,650 Caliromia . , , — — . — — — — — — — — Oregon — — — — — — — — — Total.... 89,616,742 47.3.30,170 136,946.912 9,998,299 4 953.609 14.951.808151.893.720 139.657,043 38.481.276 17S,13S,.310 3. Statement of the Navigation of each State. TONNAGE ENTERED UNITED ST.\TES. TONNAGE CLEARED FROM U. STATES. A,MEBICAN. FoEEIGN, Total. American. Foreign. Total. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons. Nr>. Tons No. Tons. No. Tons. 253 9 .3:30 1,.345 lor 109 4,137 352 "295 ^ 69 14U 163 47 56 40 624 178 ~97 IS 8 140 53,309 8.572 8G.,828 8;!9,50S 17,847 22..6S0 1,502,290 100,009 70,427 1.260 12.190 19,185 52,711 11,883 7,518 11.914 175,969 21,628 7^254 6,690 494 47,950 1,040 101 174 2,733 19 79 8,S:H 17 185 143 2 88 88 142 71 89 112 874 136 894 4 18 856 89,877 7.472 12.607 271,941 2,076 11.572 776.430 1,601 82,361 29,161 154 18,776 9.116 44.205 45.1:Ji 10,462 84,106 174,884 18.243 49,709 &48 8,177 82,914 1.293 110 604 4,077 119 1.88 7,969 17 637 438 9 167 188 306 lis 96 153 898 314 491 22 16 495 143.186 11.044 99,4.36 611.449 19.922 84.152 2.277,720 1,601 132,370 99,!)S8 1,414 30,966 28.:300 96.916 57.017, 17,980 96.020, 850,863 39,871 66.963 7,&3S 8,671, 130,864 585 6 322 1,149 94 87 8,610 1 809 859 8 187 212 205 58 60 76 493 1.37 112 4 3 803 111.123 682 81,073 272,27s 16,770 17.616 1,411.557 1.60 81,276 89,396 1,520 42,091 80,7.39 72.222 21,039 10.022 82.268 211.800 15,485 7.982 1,04:3 691 104,266 1.046 102 20 2,767 ir 69 3,693 10 170 162 2 98 62 170 83 42 106 860 Tsi "390 6 12 820 91.014 7,6:J1 1,783 274.674 1.705 9.802 787..5:39 9S1 30,342 87,.623 200 23.367 11.493 52.6:30 61 ..624 12.l;!4 80.717 168,187 18,822 46.719 998 8.017 75,862 1,631 107 842 8.906 IK 166 7,803 11 479 621 10 285 274 876 141 102 182 843 268 602 9 15 623 202.137 New Hampshire,, 8,213 82,856 Ma.'ssachilsells. . . . Rhode Island .... Connoclieul Now York New .lersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland D. of Columbia... Virginia 546,9.63 18.475 27.317 2,149.096 1.181 111.618 126.819 1.720 65,468 Norlh Carolina touth Carolina — 42.232 12,6.062 72.563 Florida 22.166 112.985 Louisiana Mississippi Tennessee Missouri 369,937 Ohio 33,807 54,701 2,041 Kentucky Michigan Illinois Texas -. California Oregon. 3,608 180,128 Total 6.412 2.573.016 10,100 1.776,623; 18,512 4.348,0:39 S,.379 2,(!32,78S 9,816 1.728,214 18.195 4.361,002 26 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 4. Statement exhibiting a condensed view of the Tonnage of the several Districts of the United States on the 30th of June, 1650. BISTKICTS. Regie lered torin;i(;e. Enrolled anil licen.cd timnsae. Total tonnage or entli district DISTEICTS. Rpgiatered 1 tonnage, | Enrolled and licenai'd tonnagn. Total tonnage uf each di.*lrirt liiiia mill '-"-■th-. T-.ns »nd y.'ilhs. Passamaq'y Me. 10.530 T3 9.4.54 73 19,985 51 Vienna M'yl'd _ 1 16.478 01 15,473 01 Machiaa ... " 2,207 65 19.060 67 21,318 87 Snow Hill,,, " — 9,511 61 9,511 61 Fr'man's B, " 1,04-? 21 80.525 27 82,168 48 Si, Mar)''a,,. " — 2,184 91 2,184 91 Penobsmt.. " 6,713 411 81.237 38 86,950 78 Town Creek " — 2,226 81 2,226 81 Belfast " 13,s69 79 81,725 48 45,595 .32 Annapolis , , " — 2,828 17 2,328 17 Bangor " 9,302 81 lo.9-'6 49 26,268 80 Georgetown D,ofC, 2,796 19 14,214 43 17.010 61 Waltiobnro'. *' 88.483 1.3 57.847 25 96.830 88 Alexanflria . Virg, 2.887 81 5,860 49 8.787 80 "Wiacassel.. " 6.024 41 12 217 li8 IS.241 49 Norfolk " 10,542 10 13,692 79 24.1.34 89 Bath " 76,6118 65 27.1 >1 7 25 103 025 90 PettTsibur*;. . " 948 76 1,759 27 2,703 03 Portland... " 60.3114 43 26.197 .86 86.502 34 Hichmond .. " 3,160 80 6,397 40 8.4.53 25 Saco " 1.570 00 1.1.53 .30 2,7*8 30 Yorktown ,, " — 4.806 70 4,306 70 Kennebunk *' 9.101 34 2,247 82 11,849 21 Tappahan'k, " 603 26 6,330 93 5,834 24 York " — 1.361 45 1,361 45 Accomac en. " — 4,032 75 4.0S2 75 Portsmouth. N.H. 14,973 92 8,117 41 23,096 88 KastKiver.. " — 4,868 61 4,863 61 Burlinffton . Verm. — 4,5:sn 32 4 630 82 Yeocomio, . " — 3.283 90 8,283 90 Newburyp'L Mass. 16,218 57 7,048 29 28,261 86 Cherrystone, " — 1.2.33 OS 1,282 03 Ipswich.... '* Gloucester . " — 578 39 678 39 Wheeling .. " — 6.9.33 70 6,938 70 2,873 08 19,601 00 22,474 08 Wilmington. N.Car. 9,123 51 6.074 76 15,198 32 Salem " 20,316 74 8.599 81 28.916 13 Newbern " 1,518 83 8,689 25 5,307 5T Beverly " — 8.173 04 8.173 04 W;ishington. '' 1,097 61 4,606 49 .5,703 15 Marblehead. " 1,349 11 5,493 31 6.843 42 Kdenton " 127 07 1,018 09 1,145 16 Boston " 270.510 09 6'M77 17 820,637 26 Camden " 1,269 11 10.678 88 11,9+8 04 Plymouth . . " 8.906 88 6 755 31 10.722 24 Beaufort,,,. " 613 69 1.645 79 2,2.59 88 Fall liiVLT.. " 2.251 03 10,85(1 76 13.101 84 riymoulh ... " 1,188 88 1,144 54 2,323 47 N. Bed lord. " 119,026 45 8,9.33 69 127.96'! 09 ( )cracoke " — 1,423 15 1,4.58 15 Barnsialdc . " 5.62' 1 32 65.581 67 91.102 04 Charleston ,. S.Car. 15,377 4.8 17,915 10 33.'293 53 Edgariown. *' Sy.-m 26 2.145 28 7,609 .54 Georgetown. ■' 1,749 19 1,0.30 81 2,779 50 Nantucket . " 2.5.-37 SO 8.174 83 29.012 68 Beaufort " — — — Providence. R. I. 9.177 14 7.634 W 16,711 73 Savannah . , . Geor. 10,437 16 9,298 67 19,780 83 Bristol '■ 11,247 12 1.951 27 13.198 89 Suiibury " — — — Newport... " 5.644 33 4,9:« 21 10,678 54 Brun.swick . . *' — 6.33 81 683 81 Middletown. Conn. (15 65 12.0.3:j 72 12.1'29 32 Hard wick... " — — — N. LlX'r. " — 8,123 67 8,123 57 Apalachicola " — 2,050 36 2,060 86 Oswego " — 22.4(V4 7S 23,404 78 Key West... " 4,415 46 2,360 09 6,765 65 Niagara '* — 732 73 732 78 M')bile Ala. T,403 67 16,7.58 68 24,1,57 60 Genesee " — 1.036 74 1,086 74 Pearl River.. Mlsa. . — 1,367 34 1,:!67 84 Oswegatchie " — 1.98.5 34 1,985 84 Vicksburg... " — 460 28 460 23 Buffalo Cr.. " — 39.679 00 39.679 00 New Orleans. La. 83,663 55 165,040 49 243,709 09 Bag Harbor. " 10.9.53 68 4.211 69 15,165 42 Teche " — 1.330 71 1,380 71 Green port. . " New "Vork.. " 4,236 29 4319 46 8,556 75 Nashville ... Tenn, — 3.776 05 8,776 05 441,336 76 894.230 80 835,867 61 Louisville Ky, — 14,820 19 14,820 19 C. Vincent.. " — 2,496 02 2,496 92 St, Louis Miss. — 28,9117 47 28,907 4T Cold Spring, '* 2 376 40 1,478 90 3,.855 85 Chicago III. — 21,243 17 21.'242 17 PerlhAnibny N. J. 1:33 69 21,9,50 .82 22.084 56 Cuyahoga . . . Ohio — 85,315 84 85.315 84 Bridgetown. 14 472 24 14,472 24 Saiidusky ... " — 7.323 49 7.,328 49 Burhngloa.. " — 7 578 67 7.,578 67 Cincinnati... " — 17,138 80 17,188 80 Camden .... " — . 9.669 82 9,569 82 Miami " — 2.629 20 2,6'>9 20 Newark " 77 5S 6.651 05 6,623 63 Detroit Mich, 86,393 89 86,893 89 L. Egg Har. ** — 6,182 75 6,182 75 Michilim'kinac " — 1,250 55 1,2,50 65 G. Egg Mar. " — 14,084 14 14,084 14 Galveston . . T.'X. 415 92 2,892 83 3,803 85 Philadelphia Penn. &4,205 10 142,392 72 206,497 82 Saluria " — 588 62 683 62 Presque Isle " — 7.870 81 7.870 31 Astoria Oreg, 1.063 43 — 1,068 43 Pittsburg ... '* — 44,571 30 44 571 30 San Francisco Calif, 16.285 12 2,806 66 17,691 77 Wilmington. Del. 1,651 GS 7,308 70 7,269 14 58,349 51 9,4611 4:3 7.2.59 14 149,019 88 Point IsabeL lex. 401 36 274 23 675 68 Newcastle.. *' Baltimore . . . M'yl'd 90.669 82 Total 1,585,711 22 1,949,743 01 8,685,454 28 Oxford " 12,843 46 )2,;343 46 5. The general Statement of Tonnage Accounts from June 30, 1849, to June 30, 1850. 1S50. To amount of tonnage sold to foreigners in the year ending 3(Hh .Tune, 1850 To amount of tonnaige condemned as un seaworthy in the year To amimnt of tonnage lost at sea in the year ending 3oth June, 185U ^[Hh June. To balance, as appears by general state- ment of tonnagu (marked A) To this difference in the enrolled ton- nage, which is preaunied arises from transfer to the account of registered Kpgitler'd loniiage Aggrexale tunnage. 18,467 18,467 4,666 6,763 23,7M 81,743 1,685,711 8,635,454 — 50,175 1,627,670 8,640,699 Jimt SOth, 1849, By balance of tonnage, per statement, rendered for the year ending 801h June, 1849 JuneSOth, ISoO. By amount of tonnage built, registered, enrolled, and lic-nsed in the year 1350 By this amount, being an increase of the registered tonnage By this amount, being an increase of the licensiid tonnage under 20 tons. , . . 1,433,941 157,612 81,016 3,834,015 273.215 81.016 3,349 l,627,57ol3,M0,699 36 "^r 4 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 6. A cojnparaiive View of the registered c^d enrolled Tonnage of the United Slates^ shomng the l^mnage employed in the Whale Fishery ; also, the proportion of the enrolled and. licensed Tonnage employed in the Coasting Trade^ Cod Fishery, Mackerel Fishery, and IVhale Fish- ery^from 1815 to IS50^ inclusive. Regiat^red ton- eJ ami lirensed tonn.ngi Coanling trade I Cod fisliery. MacL'l fifliry. Whale I fluliery. 1815.... 8.54,294 74 1816.... 800,759 63 1817.... 809,724 70 ISIS.... 606,088 64 1819.... 612,930 44 18-20.... 619,047 68 1821.... 619,896 40 1822.... 62S.1S0 41 1823.... 689,920 76 1S24.... 669.972 60 1825.... 7011,787 08 1826.... 737,973 15 1827.... 747,170 44 1828.... 812.619 84 1829.... 660,142 88 1880.... 676,676 83 18.31.... 620,451 92 1832.... 686,989 77 1833.... 760,126 72 1834.... 857,483 42 WJo.... 885,821 60 la36.... 897,774 51 18.37.... 810,447 29 1883. . . . 822,591 86 1839.... &34.244 54 1840.... 899,764 74 1841.... 846.S03 42 1S42.... 975,.353 74 1843.... 1.0119,305 01 1844.... 1,006,704 91 1S46.... 1,096,172 +4 1846.... 1,131,286 49 1S47.... 1,241,312 92 1848.... 1,360,SS6 85 1849.... l,J3s,941 .^3 1850.... l,58,-).7n 22 513.&33 04 571,458 86 690,136 66 619,095 51 647,821 17 661,118 66 679.062 80 696,548 71 696,6« 87 719,190 87 722,32:5 69 796,210 68 878.437 84 928,772 52 610,6.54 88 616,311 10 647,394 ' 752,460 856,123 22 901,468 6' 939,118 49 984,328 14 1,086,288 40 1,173,047 89 1,262,234 27 1,280,999 85 1,184,940 90 1,117,031 90 1,149,297 93 1,211,330 11 1,821,329 57 1,431,798 32 1,597,732 80 1,793,165 00 1,895.073 71 1,949,743 01 1,868,127 73 1,372.218 53 1,399,912 41 1.22.5,154 20 1,260.761 61 1,280,166 24 1,298,958 79 1,. 32 1.699 1 1,336,565 68 1,389,163 03 1,423,110 7 1,634,189 83 1,620.607 78 1,741,.391 87 1,260,797 81 1,191,770 43 1,267,846 29 1,439,450 21 1,006,149 94 1,76S,907 14 1,824,941] 14 1,882,102 65 1,896,686 69 1,995,639 S'l 2,096,478 81 2,180,764 16 2,130,744 87 2,090,890 69 2,153,601 93 2,330,095 07 2,417,002 06 2,562,084 SI 2,839,045 77 8,164,041 85, 8,334,015 29 8,6.3.5,45« 23 4.874 41 16,1.34 7 31,700 40 S6,.391 44 26,070 83 4,5,449 4: 89,918 13 83,166 70 85,379 24 41,7.57 4.5,653 21 64,621 08 57,284 38 83,911 82,315 79 72,363 84 101,1.58 1 108,060 14 97,640 00 144,630 60 127,241 81 119,629 89 131,845 26 136,926 64 167,405 1 151,612 74 162.874 89 163.293 63 190,695 65 186,980 16 193,863 72 193,176 90 130,136 29 146.016 71 ITLi.v;:) 1 1 ■4-.1.4.57 92 503,140 87 523666 20 639,080 46 6.59,4.36 67 678,080 02 566,408 88 539.233 01 587,273 07 666,420 44 732,937 65 758,922 12 608,863 10 616,978 13 539,723 74 649,627 40 744,198 60 738,618 66 792,301 20 873,023 21 956,930 60 1,041,106 18 1,163,551 80 1,176,694 40 1,107,067 88 1,015,7.53 .39 1,076,166 59 1,109,614 44 1,190,893 27 1,289.870 89 1,452,623 85 1.620,988 16 1,730,410 81 1,755,796 42! 26,670 33 87,869 30 63,990 26 58,551 " 65,044 92 60,M2 55 51,351 49 68,405 86 67,621 14 68,419 00 70,626 02 63,761 42 74.043 8 74.947 74 101,796 7a 61. .5,54 67 60,977 SI 54,027 70 62,720 70 56,403 70 72,374 is 63,307 37 80,561 89 70,064 00 72,263 68 76,0.35 65 66,.551 84 54,804 02 61,224 26 85,224 77 69,325 66 72,516 17 70,177 52 82.051 82 42.9T0 19 85,646 30' 85,973 88 46,210 SO 47,427 48,725 4;! 61,082 11 64.4+i 11 64,424 25 46,310 90 66,649 16 85,983 87 23,269 19 11.321 13 16.096 83 11,775 70 16,170 66 21,418 16 36,463 16 31,451 13 4.3„5.58 73l 78.863 7s 68.111 94i 1,229 92 1,103 00 349 92 614 68 6S6 5S 1,0.53 66 1,924 40 8,133 60 68.5 87 130 08 323 94 ISO 34 792 87 4-31 83 377 47 473 89 364 16 1,673 26 1,894 86 6,229 55 439 69 877 31 142 83 820 14 206 92 4:59 53 432 7. A Statement of Ike Number of Vessels built in the several States, and the Aggregate Ton- nage of each for the year ending 30th June, 1850. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Mas-oaohuselta Khode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virftinia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia, Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Tennessee Kentucky Missouri lUinoiB Ohio Michigan Texas Oregon Total CLASS OF VESSELS. Ships. 127 8 51 5 8 26 1 7 115 2 46 5 27 60 35 .39 12 125 27 23 9 112 17 107 8 11 6 1 1 82 3 31 1 4 5 5 34 6 1 16 8 1 326 10 1 121 14 47 224 67 185 16 160 8 ?4 33 5 2 24 84 5 33 81 14 1 1.360 91.211 73 6,911 32 77 41 35. ST 14 15 4.sl',l 79 5^.343 73 6.301 63 21.409 93 1.S4S S2 15.91U SO "s« IT 3.5«4 09 2.051 59 6'!3 S2 79 t.i 113 60 1,.593 S3 6.460 69 I.S.'i3 82 1.691 21 5.214 62 2.061 63 105 ,54 122 43 lil UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Statement showing the Number and Class of Vsgsels built, and the Tonnage thereof, in thi several States and Territories of the United States from 1815 to 1850 inclusive. CLASS OF VESSELS. S > if 1 S 2 i2 Ships. Brig«. Scb'ioners, Stoop* and canal boats. Steamere. 1815 136 76 84 B3 68 21 43 M 55 56 56 71 58 73 44 25 72 1.32 144 98 25 93 67 66 88 97 114 116 m 73 124 100 161 254 198 224 122 86 85 82 60 89 181 127 156 197 187 188 108 68 56 95 143 169 94 60 65 72 79 89 109 101 91 .84 47 87 164 168 174 148 680 781 559 428 473 801 248 260 260 877 588 482 ^ 464 474 485 403 416 563 625 486 803 444 607 501 439 878 810 273 188 204 822 676 689 701 623 547 274 424 894 833 242 162 127 168 165 166 163 227 241 196 145 116 94 122 185 ISO 100 164 168 168 123 224 167 ■ 404 178 279 342 855 892 .'>17 870 290 15 26 85 45 83 83 43 87 34 100 65 63 80 124 185 90 125 64 78 187 79 163 163 225 193 175 208 159 1,314 1,403 1,073 S93 860 534 607 623 622 731 994 1,012 984 834 785 637 711 1,065 1,138 9.37 507 890 949 893 853 S72 782 1,021 482 766 1,033 1.420 1,698 1,851 1,547 1.860 154,624 8» 181.663 04 86.893 87 SO 4.21 20 1S16 1S17 1818 1S19 79.317 86 47.784 01 55,366 01 76.346 9S 75,007 67 1S20 1821 1823 1823 lS2t 1S25 114 997 25 1S26 1827 104.S42 67 1828 1S29 77,098 65 68,094 24 85,962 68 144,539 16 1S30 1831 1882 1833 1834 lis aso 37 1835 1836 113,627 49 1837 1838 113135 44 1839 190 q^s 34 1340 1841 118,893 71 1842 1843 63 617 77 1844 1846 146 013 02 1846 1SS203 93 1847 243,732 67 1S4S 318,075 54 1849 256.577 47 1850 272,216 54 VIL STATEMENT OF THE DUTIES, P.ETENtlES, AND PUBLIC EXPEND ITUEES DUEING THB TEARS ENDING SOra JUNE, 1849 AND 1350. BEGEIPT8. From customs $28,346,738 82 From sales of public lands. 1,683,969 65 From miscellaneous sources 1,033,049 13 Total receipts $31 ,074,.347 60 Avails of stocks, treasury notes, etc., issued $28,588,760 00 Balance in treasury Ist July, 1S48&1849 153,634 60 $89,668,636 42 1,859,394 36 1,847,213 33 $43,375,798 90 $4,045,950 00 2,139,964 28 Total means $59,816,632 10 $49,606,713 13 EIPKNDmniES. Civil list $2,865,615 83 Foreiprn Intercourse 7,972,832 01 Miscellaneous 3,179,193 66 Interior department — War department 17,290,986 08 Navy department 9,309,318 20 Public debt 16,453,272 89 18.10 $3,042,770 07 4,833,594 78 6,968,360 24 8,400,624 87 9,401,239 16 7,923,813 13 7,437,366 41 Total expenditures $57,631,667 82 $48,0112,163 69 Balances 1st July '49 & '50 $2,184,964 28 $6,604,544 49 VIII. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 80Tn NOVEMBEP., 1850. DENO.MI.VATION OF DEBT. Rate per VVlien redeemable. Amoant. cent. On presentation $119,685 98 RJ $60,000 per annum 900.000 00 On presentation 139,011 64 — (In presentation 25,9.50 00 — On presentation 44,700 00 i 6 1st .Tanuarv-. 1868 164,828 00 6 SlstDec. 1S62 8,198,686 03 6 l9t July, 1853 6,463,231 85 6 I2lh Nov.. 1856 4,999,149 46 6 1st Jan., 1863 27.1. 55,1 22 00 6 1st Julv, 1863 15,740,000 00 5 9th Aug,, 1351 808,673 92 Principal and interest of old funded and unfunded debt Treasury notes of 1S12 and Yazoo scrip Debt of tiie cities of the District of Columbia, assumed per act 80th May, 1S36 Oulslandins; treasury nf ties issued previous to 22dJuly, 1346, payable or fundable Outstanding treasury notes issued underact 26lh June, 1846, payable or ftindablc Outstandinff treasury notes issued under act 2Sth Jan. 1S47, payable or fundable Slock issued for treasury notes 1837-1843, under act 2Slh Jan. 1S47 Loan of 15lh April, 1842 " Sa March. 1843 " 22d July, 1846 " 2Sth Jan., 1847 " 81 St March, 1S4S Mexican indemnity stock Total debt per statement Ist December, 1850 $W,22S,288 83 UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. ■ii o >jj -J CI :^ * . *. ;; jj ,;^. >;o i » Ok a» *k. 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CT Ci O* CO CO M CO CO 01 CO 'W 4. 4* 'CO to to CO :o 4- CO to CO CO ai- — i a= co v-* •- CO / -I - - ^ — - i: ^ to 4- ' i c "c-. V to '- 4- i; - 1 V' ^ — CO V '4- V >c ;■ - ■^■' - o c: 7^ *k ife CO 4^ '= 'X C." CO 4. ■-.'• -O C CO 4. = '-M -^o '. 1: '■? ~ 7" T- /^ X' :,■; b< .^ CO .X I— 'r-. so c: to o C' 'CO « ix -4 V "' ^ Vo 4- 4- co "r "--I "e^ '*- '—■ 01 'co 4- "— ■— cv »- "-" to lo- o-. -t- ci j- co ^ V. CT: C; -* so so +• OT so CO *- — 4 4- 'X X> 4- — Oi so X CV Oi 'X 4- to ~ C^ 4- LJi {. -J 'CO -J -I "- CO -I CO so so _ CB-HOWOSOWi— •^OU'»«--4tU«-^iXa'-CDjfcSBi— •HClSOW&EotOOCOrfi'CtO^Oi-^W*- Ci CO wT -- to X X o o> - . — I >» — J "3 to y to c/j oi tOtOsotSWi^tC»o<;D 29 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. X. STATISTICS OF COINAGE. 1. Deposits for Coinage, at the Mint of the United States and its Branches, in the Year 1850. GOLD. Coins of U. S., old stand. Foreiirn Coins Uuitetl Soites Bullion. . Foreign I3ullinn Total ol Gold SILVEH. United Slates Bullion. . Foreign Bullion Foreign t.:oin3 Total ol Silver Total . $9,996; 1,303,740 30.938,814 11.3,110 $269,253 14.3.192 1,626,696 $33,865,160 1,939,041 $4(.l,.30-4,201 2. Coinage of the Mint of the United States and its Branches, in the Year 1850. _i_ DeiK. GOLD. Doub. Kagles 1,811.201 Eagles 348.961 UalfEagles.. 172,082 Quar. Kaglcs 858,219 Dollars 811,301 $26,225,220 00 3,489,510 00 860,160 00 89.5,542 60 511,301 00 Total Gold ..'2,701,764 COPPEB. I Cents 4.426,844 Half Cents.. 39,812 $31,931,733 60 *4,2CS 44 199 56 Total Copper '4.566,6561 $44.467 50 DenoHiiriHtiniis. Gold .fe. Copper Coins SILTER. Dollars Half Dollars.. ;juar. Dollars . Dimes Half Dimes.. Total Piece.H. 7,2GS,42u 47,500 2,6S:j,iiii(i 002.800 2,441 ,5('0 1,(^45,000 U,5S8,22(i .$32,026,200 47,500 1,341,,'HIO 150.700 244,160 82,280 $33,892,301 3. Coinage of the Mint of the United States, from 1792, including the Coinage of the Branch Mints, from tlie Commencement of their Operations, in 1838. Yeara. Cotcl. Silver. Copper. WIIOLK COINAGE. ^.o. ul Places. V;,U.e. 1798-95 . $71,435 00 102,727 50 108,422 50 205.610 00 213.2>5 00 317,7r.(l 00 422,870 00 423.310 00 268.377 50 258,642 50 170,367 60 824.5115 00 437,495 00 234,665 00 169,875 00 501,4)5 00 497,905 00 290.4:56 00 477.140 00 77,270 00 3,175 00 242,940 00 25s,615 00 1,319,030 00 189,325 00 88,930 00 72,425 00 93,200 00 166,385 00 92,246 00 131,865 00 140,145 (10 295.717 50 648,105 00 714.270 00 793,4:35 00 973,8.50 00 8.954.270 oO 2,1'-6,175 00 4,1:55,700 00 l,148,3l'5 00 1,809,895 00 1,358,8^5 00 l,075,;iH2 60 l,091,.5;l7 60 1.831.170 50 8,108,797 50 2.230 00 8,756,447 60 4.0:34,177 00 20.221,385 00 8,776,512 50 9,007,761 60 81,931,733 50 «370,6S3 80 79,077 50 12,591 45 8:30.291 00 423,615 00 224.296 00 74.768 00 68.343 00 87,118 00 100,840 60 149.833 60 47. .319 00 597,448 75 684.300 00 707,376 00 633.773 60 608.840 00 814.029 60 620.961 60 56i:6S7 60 17,803 00 23,576 76 607,78:3 60 1,070,454 50 1.14II.0II0 00 601.630 70 825.762 45 • 805,306 50 395.550 00 1,762,477 00 l,8C4,8s3 00 2.002.090 00 2.SC9.200 00 1.575,600 00 1.994,573 00 2;495,400 00 3.178,600 00 2,579,1100 00 2.7.59.000 00 8.415.002 00 8,44:i.0ll3 00 8.606.100 00 2.096,010 00 2,838,243 00 2.189,296 00 1.726.703 00 1,182,780 00 2.3:32.750 00 8.834.780 00 2.2:3.5.580 00 1.873,200 00 2,558,580 00 2,874,450 00 2,040,050 00 2,114,960 00 1,866,100 00 $11,373 00 10.824 40 9,610 34 9,797 00 9,106 63 29,279 40 13,623 87 84,422 83 25,203 08 12.844 94 13,48:3 43 5,260 00 9,652 21 18,090 00 8,001 63 16.660 00 2,495 95 10,755 00 4,130 00 3,578 SO 23,209 S2 39,4.<4 00 81.670 00 26.710 00 44,075 50 8.S90 00 20,728 39 12,620 00 14,926 00 16,844 25 2S„557 82 25,636 24 16.580 00 17,115 00 83.603 60 23.020 00 2S.160 00 19,1,51 00 89.4^9 00 23.100 00 65.583 00 53,702 00 31.2S6 61 24.627 00 16.973 67 23,.838 90 24.2.-3 20 28,987 52 88.943 04 41.208 00 01,336 69 64,157 99 41,984 82 44,467 50 1,884.420 1,219.870 1,095,165 1,368,241 1.365,081 8,837,972 1.571.390 8.616.869 2.780.8:30 2.046.839 2.260,361 1,315,409 2,781,345 2,985,838 2,861,8.34 8.066,418 1.649,570 2,761,M6 1.755.:581 1,6S3;859 69,367 2,883,135 5,163,967 6,537,084 5,074,723 6.492,509 3.139,249 3,813,788 2,166.485 4,786.804 .5,173,760 6,774.434 9,097,345 6,196.3.58 7,674,601 S.357.191 11,792,234 9.123.887 10.307.790 11,637,613 15.996 342 13.719.S33 13.010.721 15,780.811 11,811.594 10,668,240 8,311.968 11,743,168 4,61(1.832 9.051,834 1.806.196 10,188,615 15.392..344 12.6J9.790 12.666.659 14.688,220 $45:3.641 80 1796 192.129 40 1797 ; 128.524 29 1798 .548,693 00 1799 1800 571.8:35 40 1801 1802 610.966 87 1808 870.698 .53 1804 371.J27 94 1S05 8:33,2:59 48 1806 >^0].'tS4 00 1807 l,tl44..598 96 1808 1S09 8s4.7,52 53 ISIO 1.1.5.5 s08 50 1811 l.ln-,740 95 1812 1.115.219 50 1818 1. It 12.275 50 1814 612.885 80 1815 1816 66.785 57 1817 047,267 50 1818 1819 1 42.5 325 00 1820 1 nOI 7s6 '>0 1821 1.018,977 45 1822 915.509 69 1828 967 tl75 00 1824 1 S5^ "07 00 1825 1 T:58 ^14 00 1826 2 lli'.OTO 25 1827 3 0"4 842 32 1823 1 741 331 24 1829 1880 8 ]8o 620 00 1831 8 0''3 478 60 18.32 1888 1834 1835 3,705.710 00 7,;i-s.4L'3 00 1836 1887 S '^99 >S')S 00 1838 1339 1S40 S,f)7(>.4(;7 61 8 4'il» 1182 50 1841 2'^4(*;;'»i IT 1842 1843 n 9'm sm 70 1844 7 (>-'7 T(!7 52 1S45 1846 1847 1S48 5 s7y 7'»o 49 1849 11 164 fiOS 8*2 1850 83,892,301 00 Total $117,330,985 00 $77,447,664 90 $1,296,21 102 870,536,129 $195 074 710 92 STATISTICAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. AAH ACK Aaeonsbcteg, p. v., Centre co., Perm.: oa Elk cr., 51 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Pop. 226. Aaros's Er>', p. o., Montg;omery co., JTy. ; on a small tributary of Licking r., 49 ni. E. Frankfort. Abbeetille, p. v., La Fayette co.. Miss. : 15G m. N. N.W. Jackson. Abbettllk districts'. Car. Situate W., and contains 960 sq. ra. The Savannah washes its S. W. and the Saluda its X. E. borders, whUe numerous streams, tributary to these rivers, drain the interior. The surface is agreeably variega- ted by hill and dale, and a considerable part of tho soil is rich and fertile. The products are chiefly Indian com and cotr ton. Farms 1,S14; mannC 156 ; dwell. 2,391, and pop.— wh. 12,693, fr. col. 363, si. 19,262— total, 32,31S. Capital : Abbeville. Puhlic Works: Abbeville Branch R. R. Abbeville, p. v., and cap. Henry co. Ahi. : on a branch of Yattayabba cr., 86 m. S. W. Montgomery ; it contains a (J. H. and other pubUc buildings. Tho " Abbeviil& Ban- ner" is issued weekly. Pop. 8-27. ABBF,\^LLE, p. v., and cap. Abbe\'iHe dist., S. Car. : near the centre of the district, 90 m. W. Columbia : it contains a C. II., a jail, an arsenal, a magazine, and several stores. The "■ Abbeville Banner" is issued weekly. A branch of the Greenville and Columbia K. E. terminates at this pomt. Abbeville, p. v., Vermillion par., La. : on W. side Ver- million r., 169 m. W. 3. W. of Baton Rouge. Abeetville, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : 109 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. Abbot, t, and p. o., Piscataquis co., 2fe. : on Piscataquis r., 54 m. N. Augusta. Abbott's Creek, p. c, Davidson co., N.Oar. : on a cr. of the same name, 94 m. VT. Raleigh. Abbottsto\v>', p. v., Adams co., Penn. : on Beaver cr., 42 m. S. 9. "W. Harrisburg. Abeotisville, p. v., Darke CO., Ohio : 94 m. "W. Colum- bus. Abb's Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Yirg. : at the head of Tug fork of Sandy r., 223 m. AV'. S. W. Richmond. Abf.kdeen, p. v., Monroe co., Mi.'^s. : '^. side Tombigbee r., 142 ra. N. E. Jackson. Two newspapers, the " Monroe Democrat," and the " Independent," are issued weekly. Abekpeex, p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on Ohio r., opposite MaysvUle, Ky., S6 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. SOL Aberfoil, p. v.. Macon co., Ala.: on a head cr. of Pea r., S4 m, E. S. E. Montgomery. Abe Spelsg, p. o., Calhoun co., Flor. : 71 m. S. "W. Tal- lahassee. Abingdon, p. v., Lake oo., HI.: on Des Plaines r., 20S m. N. E. Springfield. Abingpox, p. v., Harford co., Md. : on W. side Bush cr., 87 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. Abingdon, p. v., and cap. "Washington co., Vlrg. : on a cr. of Hokton r., 253 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. It contains the county buildings, several factories and stores, and about 300 dwelhngs. Two newspapers, the "Democrat" and '' Virginian." are issued weekly. Abington, p. v., "Windham co.. Conn.: S. of and near Mashamugit br. of Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. N. E. U-irt- ford. Abisgton, p. t., "Wayno co., Inil.: on W. bank of E. fork of White r., r)6 m. E. Indianapolis. Abington, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : on Old Colony R. R., 19 m. S. Boston. The people are chiefly en- gaged in shoemaking. Pop. 5,269. Abington, p. t., Montgomery co., Penn. : 94. m. E. Har- risburg. Abington Centee, p. v., Lucerne co., Penn. : (see "Wa- verlv). Aeoite, t and p. v., Allen co., Ind.: on Aboito cr. of Lilile r., 96 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Abe.uia-Mtown, p. v., Marion co., Flor. AERAii's PuuNS, p. o., Granville co., xV. Car. : 43 m. N. Raleigh. Abscota, p. v., Calhoun co., Mich.: S3 ra. S. Lansing, Abseoum, p. v., Atlantic co., K. Jer. : on Absecum cr., 2 m. above the bay, and 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. AcADEsiiA, p. v., Knox CO., Tenn. : on BuUrun cr. of Clinch r., 153 m. W. Nashville. AcADEMiA, p. v., Juniata co., Penn.: 31 m. "W. Harris- burg. AcAHEMT, p. 0., Ontario co., JV. Y. : ISO m. W. iVlbany. AccATiNK, p. v., Fairfax co., M.rg. : 93 m. N. Rich- mond. Accident, p. v., Alleghany co., Md. : on Youghiogeny r., 2 ra. below Pennsylvania line, and IGS m. W. N. W. An- napolis. AccoMAC county, Virg. Situate on E. shore of Chesa- peake Bay, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Several islands in the adjacent waters belong to this county. Surface level, and soil mostly sandy. Cum and oat3 are the chief products, and some small quantity of cotton is grown. Farms 1.007 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 2,540, and pop.— wh. 9,742, fr. col. 3161, si. 4,9S7— total, 17,890. Capital : Accomac C. H. AccoMAO CoiTRT-noirsE, p. v., and cao. Accomac co., Virg : near the centre of the peninsula so called Deum- ilON'PSlOWN. Accord, p. v., Ulster co., JT. T. : on Eondout cr., 64 m. S. S. W. Albany. ArnoE, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 132 m. E. N. E. Co- lumbus. Ackwoeth, p. v., Cobb co., Ga.: 93 m- N. W. MiUedge- ville. AcKwoKTiT, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., 'K. IFamp.: on N> side of Cold r., and 36 m. "W. Concord. Pop. 1,251. 31 ACQ ADD Ac;to;; Middlebury. Public }\ or ke:Ilutiimd and Burlington R. R. Addison, p. v., Washington co., Wise. : 54 m. E. Madison. Addison, p. v., Du Page co., PI. : 163 m. N. W. Spring- field. Addison, t and p. v.. Steuben co., IT. Y. : on Canisteo r., 179 m. W. S.W.Albany. Pop. 3,721. Addison, p. v., Gallia co., Ohio: on Ohio r., 89 m. S. E. Columbus. Addison, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on the Youghl- ogeny r., 2 m. from State line, and 183 m. W. S. W. Harris- burg. Addison, L and p. t., Addison co.. Verm, : near Lake Champlain, and 46 ra. W. N. W. Monlpelier. Pop. 1,279 Addison Point, p. o., Washington co., Jfe. ADE ALA Adeline, p. v., Oglo co., III. : on Leaf r., a tributary of Rock r., 179 m. N. Sprin^lleld. Adell, p. v., and cap. Dallfia co., la. : on Kaccoon cr. of Des Moines r., 132 m. W. Iowa City. Adelimii, p. v., Uoss CO., Ohio: on a cr. of Scioto r., 37 m. S. .S. W. Ci>liimbua. Adirondack, p. v., Essex co., N. T.: near the sources of Adirondack r., 1,800 feet above the ocean, and fiimoas for the deposits of magnetic iron ore in its vicinity ; 95 m. N. N. W. Albany. AnritoNDACK mountains, K. T.: a. cluster of mountains S. W. of Lake Champlain. Mt. Marcy, one of the peaks, is 5,467 feet high, and Ihere arc others ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 feet. In general altitude they arc little interior to the White Mountains of New IJampshiro, and, like them, abound with the most magnificent scenery. Adirondack river, N. Y. : one of the head branches of the Hudson r., rising in the Adirondack mts. It is about 20 miles long, and flows tlirough lakes Henderson and San- rord, which are 1,900 feci above the ocean. Admiralty Inlet, Oreg. : an inlet or natural canal of Tngct's Sound, in the N. W. part of the Territory, and emptying into the Straits of San Juan de Fuca. Adolpii, p. v., Chatham co., Ji. Car. Adrian, p. v., and cap. Lenawee co., J//M. ; at the junc- tion of Reaver cr. and Kaisin r., and on the Southern K. It., 86 m. S. E. Lansing. It is a flourishing village, with sev- eral mills and factories. Two newspapers arc' issued, the " Watch-Tower,'' weekly, and the " Family Favorite," monthly. Pop. of t. 3,009. Adriance. p. v., Dutchess co., A'! Y.: on the Hopewell Betllemcnt, 79 m. S. Albany. Agamenticus mountain, Jfe.: three elevations in York CO., 4 m. from the sea, and a noted landmark. The high- est summit has an elevation of 673 feel. Agawaji, p. v., Hampden co.. Mass. : on \V. side of Con- necticut r., 74 m. W. Boston. It has several mills and fac* lories. Agency City, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 61 m. S. W. Iowa City. Agnew'8 Mills, p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 16S m. N. W. Harrisburg. Ai, p. v., and cap. Fulton co., Ohio: 132 m. N. W. Co- lumbus. Aid. t and p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on Symmes cr., 93 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. SS4. Aiken, p. v., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on S. side Shaw's cr. of Edisto r., 54 m. S. W. Columbia, and on the hne of the S. Car. ii. U., 120 m. W. Charleston. Pop. SOO. Aikin's Stori!, p. o., Montgomery co., ArJc. : 67 m. W. S. W. Little Rock. Air Mount, p. o., Clark co., Ala. : 102 m. W. S. W. Mont- gomery. Akron, p. v., Erie co., K Y. : on Muddy cr., 264 m. W. Albany. Akron, p. v., and cap. Summit co., Ohio: on Little Cuy- ahoga r., at the junction of the Ohio and Erie, and Ohio and Pennsylvania Canals, and at the terminus nf the Akron branch of Pittsburg and Cleveland R. R. The vilKige has nunienius industrial estublishraenls and considerable trade. Two newspapers, the "Summit Beacon," and the "Free Democratic Standard," are issued weekly. Pop. 3,226. Alaraal/^, t. and p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : 240 m. W. Al- bany, on Tonawanda cr., which, in the N. W. part of the town, furnishes a feeder to the Eric Canal. Pop, 2,0.54. Alabama river, Ala. : is formed by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and flowing S. W., it unites with Tombigbee r., forming Mobile r., 4S m. above Mobile Bay.^ It afTorils. in connection with its branches, a great line of interior navigation. THE STATE OF ALABAMA. Alabama is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Georgia and Florida, on the south by Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Mississippi, and extends generally between latitudes 31*^ and 35° north, and lonci- ludes 85° 10' and 83° 31' west from Greenwich, or 8° OS' and 11^ 29' from Washington ; a narrow strip, however, extends south beyond the main body of the State between Florida and Mississippi, reaching the Gulf of Mexico, which it strikes in about 300 10'. Its length from north to south, excluee Proper, in Mississippi, about 300 miles. The length of this river, by its tortuous channel, is about -t50 miles, and it is boatablo almost to its sources. The Alabama, or Eastern Branch, ia navigable for vessels of six feet draft to Claibonie, GO miles above its junction with tho Tombigbee ; 150 miles farther, to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has four or five feet of water, and to (he junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has in the shallowest parts three feet of water. Steamboats ascend it to Montgomery, 300 miles by the course of the river, and even to Wetumi)ka. on the Coosa, several miles aljove. The Coosa and Tallapoosa both have their rise in Georgia- The navigation of all these rivers, however, is interrupted durins the season of low water in the summer months, and at best affords only a precarious means of trani^port for merchandise. The sea-coast of Alabama extends only from the Perdido to the western line of the State, a distance of some TO miles, but it contains Mobile Bay, one of the largest and deepest basins on the Gulf, and the great outlet of the navigable wa- 3 £3 ALABAMA. ter3 of tlie State. - This fine sheet of water 13 about 80 miles long, and from three to 18 miles broad, and the main on trance lias 15 feet of water at low tide, but vessels of more than eight or nine feet draft cannot approach nearer than 10 or 11 miles from Mobile City^ except at high water. Smaller vessels may go hence to New Orleans by an inland chan- nel through Pascagoula Sound, a long, narrow lagoon, lying between a range of low sand-islands and the mainland. Perdido Bay, on the south-eastern edge of the State, is of little consequence to commerce, and is, moreover, diflicult of access, on account of the sand-bars and islands which block ita entrance to the sea. Alabama has great mineral resources. The whole central region is underlaid with vast bc^ls of iron ore, or occupied by coal measures of great thickness and extent. The coal found hero is of a highly bituminous character, and well adapted for steamboats and factories, and being in Juxtaposition with the iron ores, will greatly facilitate the progress of mining industry. The country in this region is also well wooded, fertile, and easily attained from all directions, and in the succession of events must eventually become of great importance to the whole South. Blooineries and rolling mills, with other establishments for manufacturing iron, have already been erected, and the products of these have become both extensive and valuable. The principal seats of these operations are on the Cahawba and Coosa rivers. Besides coal and iron, Alabama yields lead ore, manganese, several descriptions of ochres, limestone, and marbles, and in the north-eastern section gold in considerable quantities has been collected. Lead ore, or galena, is found in the limestone formation, chiefly in Benton County : it is a pure sulphuret and graiudar, closely attached to the rock, and passes it in irregular bunches. The carbonate is also found, and in its neighborhood there are veins of calx spar and sulphate of barytes. Manganese occurs also in the limestone region, and has been used in the manufacture of chloride of lime. The ochres occur chiefly near Bucksville, and the red ochre found here is sufficiently rich to be used as an ore of iron. The marbles found in this State occur most plentifully on the Cahawba, and many of the beds aflbrd specimens of great beauty: some are gray, with red veins; others are red and yellow, and specimens with greenish veins are not uncom- mon. There is also a buff-eolored marble, tilled with organic remains, and beds of white crystalline marble, clouded with red, occur. BKack marble is also abundant. The compactness and thickness of these formations are such .as to elicit a favorable opinion of their value, and cause them to be looked upon with great interest in connection with the industrial resources of the State. The resources of Alabama, however, have never been thoroughly examined ; but there can be little doubt, taking the present knowledge of its mineral deposits as an index, that the researches now being instituted, will result in l\irther and more valuable disclosures of a vast wealUi of mineral within its borders, and be the means of placing the State in the flrst rank of mmeral-producing districts. The soil, climate, and vegetation of Alabama vary with the position and elevation of its several parts. In the north, where mountain is tho prevailing feature, the soil is but moderately fertile, but in the intervales there is much that cannot be excelled. Tho climate is here moderate, and the vegetation hardy ; it is the region of the cereals, and a flue grazing country. The central parts of this State, less elevated and undulating, are well watered, and in the river-bottoms the land is extremely rich and productive. The valley of the Alabama is one of the most fertile regions of the Union. In the south the climate is very warm, the soils rich, but with great exceptions, and the principal growths of a tropical char- acter. The sugar-cane has been found to succeed well in the extreme southern strip between Florida and Mississippi, and Indigo was formerly raised in considerable quantities ; rice, also, grows well in the alluvial bottoms near the Gulf; but cott,625 ; value of raw material, $102,085 ; hands emiiloyed, 212, at average wages $30 05 per month ; castings made, 1,915 tons ; value of all products, $2*1,126. The other depart- ments of iron making— the manufactures of pig iron and wrought iron are comparatively insignificant ; of the first, 522 Ions were manufactured; and of the latter, 100 tons during the year. The remaining branches of the industrial pursuits of Alabama are generally such as are required in an agricultural countrj'. In Mobile, and some of tho larger interior towns, however, there are large mechanic and machine shops, carriage factories, etc. Foreign Conimcfce and Niici-jiUMti — Ec'ports. — Domestic produce, in American vessels, $4,601,515, and in foreign vessels, $5,943,;i4;5, or a total of $10,544,853. ImporU — in American vessels, $108,134, and in foreign vessels, $75T,22S, or a total of $S65,362. Shipping employed in the foreign carrying trade : Entrances, 152 vesscJs, and 96,020 tons, with crews of 4,284 men, and 217 boys; of whieli, 40 vessels and 11.914 tons, with crews of 431 men and 13 boys, American ; and, Charances, 1S2 vessels, and 112,985 tons, with crews of 4.639 men and 281 boys — of which, 76 vessels, and 32.2GS tons, with crews of 933 men and 41 boys, American. Mobile is the only port open to the foreign tirade. Shipping owned within the state, 24,157 tons — of which, 1,405 tons, is registered "permanent," and 5,998 tons registered "tempo- rary;" 16,003 tons is enrolled and licensed "permanent," and 751 tons is "licensed under 20 tons." The shipping navigated by steam is 12,028 tons, chiefly employed on the rivers. During the year, three schooners of 113 tons were built. The following table will exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in th-is Stale, from ISIS to ISol : Years, Ejports. ISIS $96,857 . Impnrts. 1819 50.906 1S20 96,636 ■ 3S21 108.960 1S23 209,743 36,421 1S23 200,387 125,770 1S24 460.727 91.604 1825 092,635 118.411 1S26 1,527,112 179,554 1827 1,376,364 201,909 1823 1,182,559 171,909 Yenrs Exports. Import*". 1S29 Jl ,693.958 $233,720 1S30 2.294,9»1 144,S23 1S31 2,413,894 224,435 1S32 2,736,387 107,787 1S.33 2,527,961 265,918 1834 5,670,797 895,301 1S35 7,674.692 525,955 1S36 11,184,106 651,618 1837 9,671,401 609,3S5 1838 9,088,244 524,548 1839 rears. 18J0 . 1S41 . 1843 . 1843 . 1844 . 1W5 . 1846 . 1847 . 1848 . 1849 . 18,50 . ExjiOrU. Imports. ..$12,854,694 $574,6,51 .. 10,981.271 530,819 . . 9,905,675 863,871 . . 11,157,460 800,655 , . 9,907,654 442,818 . 5,260,817 259,007 , 9,054,580 390,101 . 11.927,749 419,396 . 12,823,725 0.57.147 . 10,544.858 80.1,303 Internal Trade and Communication, — The grenter part of Alabama as yet depends on wagons over common earlh roads, for Ihe transportation of its productions and supplies ; and tliose places distant from tlie rivers and railroads are consequently almost isolated from tlie commerci.al world. The river navigation, Iiowover, is extensive, in its various courses measuring at least 2,000 miles. Tho great body of the products of Ihe .State find their way to Mobile, tlie commer- cial emporium ; some arc shipped by the Chattahoochee, for Ap.alaehieola, and 'some — but in a smaller degree — by Ten- nessee Elver, to the Ohio, whence they arc conveyed to New Orleans by the Mississippi, or by way of the Illinois fanal and the great lakes to a northern market. The cotton crop, passing in these various channels, may be estimated at one seventh the wht)le by the Chattahoochee, one sixteenth by the Tennessee, and the remainder by the system of rivers centering at Mobile Bay. The progress of the State in building railroads is .as yet limited ; the great line from Mobile to the Ohio Kiver is completed witliin Alabam.a, and is progressing in Mississippi ; the Tuscumbia and Decatur Eailroad. now merged into the Charleston and Memphis Kailroad, crosses the State in the north; the Alabama and Tennessee Itiver Eailroad, 209 miles long, extends from Selma to Guntersville ; the ilontgomery and West Point Railroad is 80 miles long, and there are several other important lines chartered, and some in progress : these have been of comparatively small benertt as yet, but when opened for commerce, and their exterior connections built, the elTect they will have in stimulating pro- duction and consumption, will be felt in every direction — the latent mineral wealth of the State will be disentombed, the fine cotton lands on the rivers will bo entered and cultivateil, mechanic trades will be demanded everywhere, and the whole country will experience a beneflcial eliange in its material welfare. Besides these avenues of commerce, Alabama has two canals, the " Muscle Shoals Canal," and the " Ifuntsville Canal ;" the former 35} miles long from Kl->rence, along the north bank of the Tennessee, and designed to overcome the obstruction caused by the shoals ; and tho latter extend- ing from Triana on the Tennessee, \& miles, to Iluntsville. Banks.— In Janu.ary, 1850, there was one bank in the State— the Bank of the State of Ala1>ama— with branches at tho principal points. Its aggregate condition, as published in the General Bank returns by the Federal Government, is exhibited in the following figures : Assets— \o^m and discounts, $2,116,591 ; stocks, $71,018 : real estate, $152.601 ; other investments, $1,229,201 ; due by other banks, $928,209 ; notes of other banks, 16,029, and specie. $1,307,892 ; and Uahiti. Wfl«— capital, $1,51X1,000; circulation, $2,555,863; deposits, $1,216,819; due other banks, $30,740; and other liabilities, $895,124. Governm^ent. — The Constitution provides that everj' white male citizen of the United States twenty-one years of age, a resident of the State one year, and in the county, city, or town three months next preceding, may vote for the election of .all constitutional officers. The executive pow-er is vested in a Governor, who is chosen by a plurality of votes for two years ; he must be at least thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four years. The General Assembly consists of a Senate and I [ouse of Representatives : the Senate of .38 members, elected for four years, one half biennially, .and the House of 100 members, elected for two years. The qualifications extend only to age and res- idence. The ^^embly meets in Montgomery on the second Mond.ay in November every second year, coiTimcncino' 1827. The .Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, with a Chief .Tustice and two associate Justices, a Reporter, Attorney General, and Clerk; a Court of Chancery, with separate chancellors for the three districts of the State; nine Circuit Courts, each with a Judge., Solicitor, etc. ; County, or Probate Courts, etc. The judges of the Supreme and Chancery Courts arc elected by joint vote of both houses of the legislature for sLx years The Supreme Court has appellate juris- 85 ALA ALB diction only, and holds its sessions at the capital, annually, on the first Monday of January and June, for the hearing and determining points of kiw taken by appeal or writ of error from the Chancery, Circuit, and Probate Courts. The volumes of reported decisions arc 37 in number. For chancery legislation the State is divided into 3 Divisions and 37 Districts, in each of which at least one court is held annually. Circuit courts have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases in the State, and hold two sessions (spring and fall), in each county annually. In Mobile county criminal jurisdic- tion has been transferred to the Special City court of Mobile, which holds three terms each year, and bus concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts, except in real actions. The judges of probate are also clerks of the court and re- gbters of deeds dt their respective counties. Alabama, under the >aw regulating the distribution of Eepresentatives to Congress, has a delegation of seven members. Finmices.— On the 31st December, 1849, the foreign debt of the State amounted to $6,693,835 9S, and the domestic debt to 11,84.^,220 99— total debt $S,5;59,109 97. The annual liabilities of the State art— Interest on debt $418,627 70, and the estimated current expenses of the government $97,678 — total $516,305 70. The immediate means of the treasury on the Ist Nov., 1S49, -were— balauce from former dales $5;3S.792 44, taxes f.>r 1850 $4S7.9&7 43. and interest on $l,100,(tOO U. S. 6 percent, stock owned by the State $66,000 — total $1,092,779 92, from which deduct annual disbursements, and the balance will be $596,474 22, of which $438,016 is the amount of notes of the State bank in the treasury. The real balance then is $178,458 22, which sum is morever liable for $60,000, appropriated for the rebuilding of the State House, burnt in Dec., 1S49. The State has resources besides the V. S. stock, and the treasury balance above alluded to, amounting to $1,766,907 64, its interest in the State bank, etc., all which may be aj)plied to the discharge of the public debt. lieligious Denomimitiwh-i. — The statistics of the principal denominations, according to their own returns in ISoO, were OS follows : Tri'sbyterians, 85 churches, 52 ministers, and 4,280 members ; Protestant Episcopal, IS churches, 23 ministers, ^nd 718 members; Methodist Episcopal, 573 ministers, and 48,091 members; Baptists, 516 churches, 302 ministers, and ^6,421 members ; Koman Catholics, 11 churches, 20 ministers, and 9,000 members, etc. The Protestant Ej)iscopal Church s under tlie Bishop of Alabama, and the Roman Catholic Church under the Bishop of Mobile, the see of the latter ncluding also West Florida. Besides these, the minur churches are all more or less in existence. Education. — Alabama has not been unmindful of the education of its citizens, and has many highly efficient educa- iional establishments. Besides its primary and common schools, academies, etc., which are comparatively numerous, 'here are the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, founded in 1S33 ; La Grange College, founded in 1830 ; Spring Hill College, founded in 1830 ; Howard College, at Marion, founded in 1841, and others of various distinction. The Univer- •ity had in 1S50, 9 teachers, 107 alumni, of which 16 were ministers, and 91 students— and a library of 7.123 volumes; the college at La Grange had 6 teachers, 111 alumni, and 70 students — and a library of 3,700 volumes: the college at Spring Hill had 12 teachers and 70 students — and a librarj' of 4,000 ; and Howard College had 5 teachers and 70 students — and a library of 2,4.")0 volumes. At Marion is also located the Howard Theological Institution, under Baptist auspices, and there are Law and Medical Schools attached to the University. Pei'iodU-al Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Alabama is 61, of which 21 are whig and 23 dem- ocratic in their policy, and 18 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; 6 are issued daily, 4 tri-weekly, 1 semi- weekly, 49 weekly, and 1 semi-monthly. The circulation of the daily papers is in the aggregate 9,177 copies; of the tri- weekly 550 copies; of the semi-weekly — copies; of the weekly 24,120 copies, and of the semi-monthly 750 copies — making in the aggregate about 4,230,441 copies annually. MoNTGouEBY Ls the State capital. Alachua county, Flo\ Situate E. centraUy, and contains about 1,800 sq. m. Surface varied, but mostly level, and drained by head sources of Santa F6 r. and other streams. There are several lakes in the S. and E. portions, which communicate with St. John's r. Soil highly congenial to all Southern staples. Farms 233; dwell. 274, and pop. — wh. 1,617, fr. col. 1, si. 906— total, 2,524. Capital: New- nansville. Alaouua savannah, Fl. o., Peyuolds co., Mo. : 118 m. S. S. E. Jef- ferson City. Alamutciia, p. v., Lauderdale co., Miss. : 92 m. E. Jack- son. Alantiius Gbove, p. o., Gentry co., Mo.: 161 m. N. Vt'. Jefferson City. Alai'aha, p. v., Lowndes co., Ga.: 210 m. S. Milledge- vUle. Al-vpaha river, Oa. : a branch of Suwannee r., rising in Dooly CO.. and having a S. E. and S. course to the junction n Hamilton co., Flur. : it is navigable for boats throughout ttfl whole length of 112 m. 86 Alaqtja, p. v., Walton, CO., Flor. : on a cr. so called, tl4 m. W. Tallahassee. Alarka, p. v., Macon co., K Car. : 276 m. W. S. W. Ea- leigh. Alatamaha river, Ga.: a navigalile stream, formed by the union of the Ockmulgee and Oconee rivers. After a course of about 100 m. from the junction, flowing in a gentle stream through forests and plains, it empties through sev- eral mouths into Alatamaha Sound, 60 m. S. W. of Savan- nah, and thence passes to the Atlantic Ocean. It is navi- gable on both branches for about 300 m. for boats of 30 tons. The bar at the mouth has 14 feet of water at low tide. Alatamaua sound, Ga. : an arm of the Atlantic, which receives the Alatamaha r. It contains a number of beauti- ful islands, which arc celebrated for the production of the long staple cotton called Sc^ Island cotton. Aliia, p. v., Bradford co., Pe^in. : 108 ra. N. by E. Har- risbnrg. Albany county, N. Y. Situate N. centrally on Hutlson r., and contains 515 sq. m. Drained by Nornianskill, Vlamanskill, Haivankrauskill. and Coeyman's cr. : the Mo- hawk lies on the N. border. Surface uneven — in some places hilly : soils n»ostly sandy, but near the rivers highly fertile. Iron, limestone, etc., abound, and there are sul- phur springs. Farms 2,903 ; manuf. 393 ; dwell. 12,747, and |)op.— wh. 92.110, fr. col. 1.1G9— total, 93,279. Ci/pitt'l: Al- bany. Puhlic Works : Champlain Canal ; Albany and Schenectady 11. R. ; Albany and Bingbampton R. R. ; cx- ten3ive docks, etc Aliiany, p. city and cap. Albany co., K. K, and legisla- tive capital of the State of New Yurk : on W. side Hudson r., 376 m. N. X. E. Washington, hit. 42° S9' (3" N., long. 30 16' 59" E. from Washington, or 73'^ W 49" W. from ALB ALB Greenwicli. Pop. 59.T71. The portion of tho city on the river is built on a low flat, but beyond this the surface rise-3 ntpidly to an elevation of about 300 feet. The older part of the town is irregularly hiid out, and several of the streets are narrow. The newer portions, however, are spa- cious and handsonio, and contain fine shops and dwelling- houses. The public buildings, except the Exchange, are located on the heights, and have a eommandinn; position, overlooking the vicinity. Among these, the Capitol, State House, and City Hall, are the most conspicuous. The Capitol is a large stone building, 115 feet long and 90 broad, fronting east on a fine park. It contains accommodations for the Senate and Assembly, the State Library, and nu- merous apartments for the use of the government. Tho St.tte House, a fine marble building, is situate on the E. side of the Park square, and accommodates the executive and adminislralive officers of the State ; and the City Hall, an edifice of similar material, also on the same side of the Park, contains the municipal offices. The Exchange is a large granite building at the foot of State-street. The oth- er public bnildings are the Albany Academy, the Medical College, the State Normal School, and numerous benevo- lent and literary institutions. The old State House, on the S. side of State-street, is now used as a depository for the geological collection made by the State surveyors. Tho city contains between CO and 70 churclies. of various de- nominations, many of which are substantial and elegant structures; the streets are well lighted with gas, and wa- ter is supplied through iron pipes. There are five daily papers issued in Albany, namely, the "Argus" (dem.), the "Evening Jom-nal" (whig), the "At- las" (dem.), the "SUte F.egister" (whig), and the "Ex- press" (neutral) ; and the four first of these issue also weekly editions. The " Knickerbocker," the "Dutchman," and the "Freeholder," are issued weekly; these are neu- tral in politics, and devoted chiefly to general nows and lit- erature. All these papers are ably conducted, and enjoy a wide reputation. The manufactures of Albany are extensive and various: it has numerous iron works, carriage faetxtrics, tjiie foun- deries, oil-cloth factories, sawing and planing machines, malting houses, and has long been famous for Us breweries. The Irade of the city is also large, and its eomiiHTcial con- nections with the north and west give empliiymeut to thousands nf its inhabitants, as mcrcliants, store-keepers, laborers, etc. Albany is the chief entrepot of a vast internal commerce : its situation for such a purpose is unsurr>assed. The Hud- eon washes its shores, and it has connection by canal with Lake Chaniplain, a long line of interior counties, and with the Great Wcpt through Buflalo. Kailroads also extend hence to all points, and collect and distribute many million dollars' worth of property annually. Tlie railroads center- ing at Albany are the Hudson liiver U. R., the Harlem Extension R. 11., the Western, ft-om Bostttn. several others from the direction of Canada, the great northern chain ex- tending to Buffalo, and a line is about being built to Bing- hampton, on the Susqnehannah, which will open to the city the mineral treasures of Pennsylvania, and a large extent of fertile country inter\ening. In the season of navigation, there are also several daily lines of steamers to and from New York, and on an ave- rage 3,000 or 4,000 persons are daily carried between the two places, while innumerable sloops, canal boats, and tow- boats transport millions of tons of merchandize and pro- duce constituting tho material of its vast commerce. Al- bany was originally a trading post of ttic Dutch, and dates as such from 1C2-5. It was successively known as Beaver- wyk and Wilhelmstadt; but after the capitulation, in 1664. it obtained the name of Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, the proprietary of the colony. In 16S6 it was chartered as a city. Alcast, p. v., Baker co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint r., 118 m. S. S. W. MilledgoviUe. A brunch of the Brunswick and Florida IJ. K. from Thomasvilie to tins point is projected. Alra.ny, p. v., Whitcsides co., I/L: <»n E. bank of Mis- sissippi r., 13S m. N. N. W. Springfii-Ul. Albany, p. v., Delaware Qu.^hui.: nn Mississinewa r., 60 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Albany, t. and p. o., <;'arroll co., N. ITamp.: on Swift r., 52 m. N. by E. Concord. Pop. -155. Aluany, p. v., Caddo par. Im. : 19S m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Albany, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Ky. : on Spring cr. of Obey's r., 116 m. S. Frankfort. Albany, p. v.. Green co., ITwc ; 82 m. S. S. W. Madison. Albany, t. and p. o.. Oxford CO., 3fe. : on Crooked r,, 4S ni. AV. Aiwgusta. p.i|i. 747. Albany, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 86 m. E. by N. Co- lumbus. Albany, p. v.. Henry co., Tenn. : on S. fork of Obion c, 92 m. W. Nashville. Albany, t. and p. o., Berks co., ren?i. : 56 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Albany, t. and p. v.. Orleans co., Verm. : 83 m. N. by E. Montpelicr. Pop. 1,051. Albany, v., I.inu co., Oreg. Te}\ : on E. side of Willa- mette r., 20 m. S. Salem. Albemarle o«iunty, Virg. Situate centrally on the E. base of Blue Ridge, and contains 704 sq. m. James r. washes its southern border, and the interior is chiefly drained by Albemarle r. and the head waters of the Kivan- na. Surfao:? diversified, and the soils good. Wheat, In- dian corn, and tobacco are the chief jirodurls. Farms 935; manuf. 102 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh. 11,876, fr. col. 5S6, si. 13.838— total, 25,800. Capital: Charlottcville. PuUio Works : Virginia Central R. R. and James River CanaL Albemarle, p. v., Carroll co., Mi^a. : 87 m. N. by E. Jack- son. Albkmarle, p. v., and cap. Stanley co., X. Car. : SS m. W. by N, Kalcigh. Albemarle, p. v., Assumption par., La, : 46 m. S. by E. Baton Rouge. Albemarle sound, K Car. : an arm of the Atlantic, ox- tending 60 m. inland, and is from 4 to 15 m. wide, receiving the waters of Roanoke and Chowan rivers. It communi- cates with Chesapeake Bay by a canal through the Dismal Swamp, and with Pamlico Sound and the ocean, by nar- row inlets. Albertson's, p. o., Duplin co., K Car. : 69 m. S.E. Raleigh. Albia, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., la.: on a cr. of Dea Moines r., 78 m. S. W. Iowa City. Albion, p. v., and cap. Edwards co., I?L : 143 m. S. E. Springfield. Pop. ■; Albion, p. v., Providence co., !^. I. : IS m. W. Providence. Albion, p. v., and cap. Noble co,, IruL: on the N. side of Elkhart r., 120 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Albion, t. and p. o., Kennebec eo., Jf''. : 21 m. N. E. An- gusta. Pop. 1,604. Albion, t. and p. v., Dane co., Wise. ■ 2S m. S. E. Madison. Albion, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., 3fic?i. : at the junction of the forks of Kalamazoo r., and on the line of the Michigan Central i;. li.. 96 m. W. Detroit; it is a flourishing village, anER Creek, p. o., Uneida co., A' V. : 106 m. W. N. W. Albany. Aldie, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on a branch of Goose cr.. i»S m. K. PJchmond. Aleet, p. v., Butler oo., Ohio: 9S m. "W. by 3. Colum- bus. Alexan-dek county, ni. Situate in the extreme S. on Mississippi r. at the junction of the Ohio, and contains 22i' sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing into the Mississippi and Cash rivers. Surface various : in the N. W. are imnH'n>'e bottoms backed by high blutfs, and in the E. prairies. Tin- S. portion is subject to overflow, and contains a large lake, called Horse-shoe Lake. Soils fertile and productive^ Farms 202 ; manuf. S ; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2.4(U. fr. col. 20— lotal, 2,4S4. CapiUil : Thebes. Puhlic Works : Illinois Central li. K., and extensive embankments. Alexander eountv, K Car. Situate N. W. centrally, and oontain-s 420 sq. m. Drained by creeks tributary to Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Surface varied pleasiintlv. and soils of ordin.iry fertility. Farms ft^S; manuf. 4: dwell, S27, and pap.— wh. 4,653, fr. col. 24, si. 543— total. 5.2-2 . Capital: Taylorsville. Alexander lake, Coim.. : a small lake in Killingly town- ehip, one m. long and half a m. wide: called by the In- dians Mashapaug. It is very deep. Alexander, t, and p. v., Washmgton co., Mc>, : 12G m. K. by N. Augusta. Pop. ."44. Alexander, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 92 m. l^Milledge- ville. Alexander, p. v., Putnam co., Virff. : 240 m. W. by N. riichrannd. Alexander, t. and p. v., Genesee co., 2f. Y.: on Buffalo and Pochester II. P.. 293 ra. W. Albany. Pop. 1,927. Alzxandersville, p. v., Montgomery CO., Ohio: on the Miami eanal, 42 m. W. S. W. Colombus. Alexandria county, Virff. Situate N. E. on Potomac r., and contains about 40 sq. m. This connty, until l-Ufi. torm- ed a portion of the District of Cf)lnmbia, Surface uneven, and soils generally thin. Farms 94; manuf. 89; dwell. 1,4S4. and pop.— wh. 7.213, fr. col. 1,413, el. 1.3S2— total. 10,O0S. Capital : A]e\a.ndTiii, Pi/Wic TFo/'As ; Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and Orange and Alexandria R. R. Alexandria, p. v., and cap. liapides par. La.: on Red r., below the lower rapids. It contains a C. II., jail, and other CO. buildings, and has considerable trade, being t-lio great cotton depot uf the Red r. Two newspapers, the "Red River Republican," and the "Western Democrat," are issued weekly. Pop. 1,S76. Alexandria, p. v., Clark co., J/o. ; on the S. side Dos Moines r., 2 m. from its mouth, and 130 ra. N. b^'E. Jef- ferson City. Alexandria, t and p. o., Grafion co., A' Ifamj). : 29 ra. N, "VV. Concord. Alexandria, t and p. v., Jefferson co., Al }'. .- on St. Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. Albany. Alexandria, p. v., Licking co. ?hio : 33 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 849. Alexandria, p. v., Iluntingdon co., Pe?in. : 86 m. \V. Harrisburg. Pop. 601. Alexandria, p. v.,De Kalb co., Te7i7i.: on a cr, of Cum- berland r., 42 m. E. Nashville. Alexanduia. p. city, sea-port, and cap. Alexandria co., Vtrff. : on Potomac r., 106 m. N. Richmond. The river ia here deep enough for the largest ships. The port has con- siderable commerce. Tonnage in 1S50, 3,7.33 tons. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal terminates here — also the Alexandria and Orange R. R. The "Alexandria Gazette" is Issued daily and tri-weekly, and the " Southern Church* man," an Episcopal paper, weekly. Pop. 8,795. Alexandria, p. v., Benton co., Ala. : 5 m. S. W. Jack- sonville, and 98 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Alexandria, p. v., Madison co., Ind.: 42 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Alexandria, p. v., and cap. Campl>cll co., Ky.: 58 m. N. N. E. Frankfijrt. Alexandria Centre, p. o., Jefferson co., A^ 5'. ; 147 m. N. ^Y. Albany. Alexandbia>a, p. v^ Mechlcnburg co., AT Ca.r. : 132 m. "W. S. W. Raleigh. Alfont, p. v.. Madison co., /«(?. ; on Indianapolis and Bellefontaine R. R., 23 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Alford, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass, : on Green r., 112 m. W. Boston. Alfokdsville, p. v., Robeson co., K. Car. : 78 m. S. S. W. Raleigh. Alfred, t., p. v.. and cap. York co., Me, : on Mousum r., 73 m. S. W. Augusta. Alfred, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., AT Y, : on Erie R. E., 325 in. from Piermont, on Hudson r. Pop. 2,679. Aloiebs, p. v., Jefferson par.. La. : on tlie W. bank of the Mississippi, opposite New Orleans, The N. O. Opclousas and Texas li. R. has its E. terminus here. Belleville and Mac- doiiough adjoin it ; the whole neighborhood is well settled. Algansee, t. and p. v., Branch county, Midi, : 75 m. S, Lansing. Pop. 609. ALtioMA, t. and p. v., 'Winnebago county, Wise: SS m. N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 702. Ai.gonac, t. and p v., St, C'lair co., Mich. : 93 m. E. Lan- sing. Aluonqfin, p. o.. Houghton CO., Midi,: 365 m. N. "W. Lansing. ALGONyuLv, p. v., M'llenrj' co., JU, : on Fox r., 163 m. N. E. Springfield. ALHAMnRA, p. v., Madison CO., LU-. (formerly Lowry- ttlle) : 73 m. S. S. "W. Springfield. Aliance, v.. Stark co., Ohio: at the intersection of the Cleveland and Pittsburg, and the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. Es., 58 m. from Cleveland, and 62 from Pittsburg. Alida. p. v.. Stephenson co., III. : 6 m. W. Pokitonica r., anale, v., Bergen co., K Jer. : on Eamapo and Pat- terson E. E.. 9 m. N. Patterson. Alle>i>ale, p.v., Greene co., Ky. :~\ m. S.S.W. Frankfort. Allendale, p. v., Barawell dist., S. Car. : 89 m. S. S. W. 0>lumbia. SO ALL ALV Allen's, p. o., Miami co., Ohio: 66 m. W. Columbus. Allen's Bkidge, p. o., Marion disL, S- Car. : 60 m. E. Columbia. ALLENeBUBGn, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 58 m. S. W, Columbus. Allen's Frksk, p. c, Charles co., Md, : ou the cr. of the same name, 42 m. 9. S. TV. Annapolia. Allen's Geove, p. o., "Walworth co., Wise. : 49 m. S. E. Madison. Allen's Grove, p. c, Scott co., la. : 46 m. E. Iowa City. Allen's Hill, p. o., Ontario co,, N. Y. : ISl m. W. Al- bany. Allen Speinqs, p. v., Allen co., Ky. : near Sulphur fork of Big Barren r., 1U2 m. S. W. Frankfurt. Alles'8 Settlement, p. o., Claiborne par., Ixi. ; at the head of Crow's cr., 193 m. N. E. Baton liouge. Allen's Station, p. o., Hancock co., 'Jhiin, : 194 m. E. Nashvillo. Allenstown, t and p. v., Merrimac co., N, JTajnp.: on Suncook r., 10 m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 562. Allensville, p. v., Alleghany co., A^ Y. : 218 m. "W". Albany. Allensville, p. v., Switzerland co., I/id. : S6 ra. S. E. Indianapoliiii. Allensville, p. v., Todd co., Ki/. : on Elk fork of lied r., a tributary of the Cumberland, 151 m. S. W. FrankforL Allensville, p. v., Vinton co., Ohio: 46 m. S. S. E. Co- lumbus. Allensviijx, p. v., Mifllin co., Fenii. : 42 m. N. W. Har- risburg. Allenton, p. v., Wilcox CO., Ala. : on Pine Barren cr., 49 m. S. W. Montgomery. Allenton, p. v., Washington co., H. I. : 28 m. S. S, "W. Providence. Allentown, p. v., Monmouth co., A'". Jer: : 12 m. E. by N. Trenton. Allkntown, p. v., Allen co., 07iio: 61 m. N. W. Colum- bus. Allentown, p. v., and cap. Lehigh co., Penn. : on S. side of Lehigh r., 78 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. It is beautifully situate ou an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated, pleasant, and populous country. It conlains, brsides the county buildings, a bank, several handsome churches, an academy, and eight schools, and a number of flourishing mills ; and its trade is considerable. Six newspapers arc published here — five weekly, and one semi-monthly: the "Lehigh Reporter" (neutral); the "Allentown Democrat;" th^ " Lehigh Patriot" (whig) ; the " Unabhoengiger Ecpub- likaner" (di-m.) ; and tlio " Fried ensbnlhe'' (neutral), are issued weekly ; and the " Youth's Friend," every second week. Pop. 8,TS0. Alugatob, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Flor. (formerly Lancastf.e) : 9T m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. AiLiGATOK, p. v., Crilteiwien co., Ky. : 192 m.-W. Frank- fort. Alligator, p. v., SL Mary's par., La. : 53 m. S. S. "W. Baton Rouge. Allison, p. v., Logan co^ K>/.: 14S ra. S. W. Frankfort. Allisonville. p. v., Marion co., Lid. : on the Indianapo- lis and Peru K. R., 11 m. N. Indiana. Allowat, i>. v.. Wayne co.. N. Y. : on the E. side of the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, 1T9 m. W. Albany. ALLOWAYbTOWN, p. V., Salcm CO., N. Jer.: on Alloway's cr. of the Delaware, 6j. : 1G3 m. E. N. E. Frank- fort, Amanda, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on Clear or., 26 m. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,536, AMA^■DA\^LLE, p. v., Elbert co., Ga. : 8:3 m. N. by E. Milled gev ill e. Amazon, p. v., Madison co., la. : 131 ra. W. by S. Iowa City. Amber, p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y. : near Otisco Lake, 126 ni. W. by N. Albany. Amberson's Valley, p. o., Franklin co., Peiin.: 53 m. W. by S. Harriftburg. A5£Blek's Mills, p. o., Loujsa co., Virg.: 46 m. W. N. W. Kichniond. Amboy, p. v., Lapeer co., Midi. : 73 m. E. by N. Lan- sing. Amboy, t. and p. o., Oswego co., N. Y. : on Salmon and Scriba creeks. 123 ra. "\V. Albany. Pup. 1 13-'. Ajmboy, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 16S m. N. E. Co- lumbus. , Amboy Centre, p. o., Oswego co., K. Y. : 124 nL W. Al- bany. Amelia county, Virg. Situate in the S. E. on Appomat- tox r., and contains 29S sq. m. Drained by the tributaries of the Appomattox. Surface level or undulating, and tlie soils originally rich ami produ<>tive. The stjiplus are corn and tobacco. Farms 8J>4; manuf. 5; dwell. 563, and pop. — wh. 2,794, fr. col. 157, si. 6,S19— total, 9,770. Capital: Amelia C. IT. A>JKLiA, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 109 m. S. W. Ci>- lumbup. Amxlia Island, Nassau co., Flor. : between St. Mary's Sound and Nassan r. Fernandina, a village at ita N. ex- tremity, was formerly cap. of the co., and had considerable oimmerce, but is now almost deserted. Amelia, p. v., and cap. Amelia co., Vij'g. .* on Richmond and Danville K. K.. 36 ra. W. Riehmond. It contains the U9u.al county offiees. anti several factories. Amenia, t. and p. v., Ducbess co., K. Y. : on ITousatonie r. The Harlem R. R. passes through it S3 m. N. New York City, and in a valley between Tagbkannic and Fishkill mt.=i., 62 m. S. by E. Albany. Marble, mntrnetic iron ore, and mineral Fpringp are found in the township. Pop. 2.229. Amexia Union, p. v., Duchess co., X. Y. : 67 m. S. by E. Albany. America, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on S. co. line, 73 m. N. N. "W. Indianapolid. A proposed R. R. from Kokomo to the Wabash, will intersect it, Amerioan river {Rio de Aw Aiiierii'nno!^^ Calif. : a trib- utary of Sacramento r., famous for its golden sands. It rrsfs in many branches on the W. slope of the Sierra Nots- da, and disembogues opposite Sacramento City. AMERirtj!^. p. v. and cap. Sumter en., Ga. : on a cr. of Flint r.. and on the line of the South-western R. R., 91 m. S. W. MillediiCTille. Amerious. p. v., Tippecanoe co., Inrl. : on "Wabash r. and oanal, 61 m. N. N. W, Indianapolis. \y(TA. t and p. o.. Montgomery co., jv; }' ; 51 m. W. N. W. Albany. Amesbury. t. and p. v.. K-ssex co., ^faM,: on N. side Morrimac r.. 37 m. X. E. Boston. Considerable manufac- ture."?, favored by an immense water-power, are carried on, and vecsels of large tonnage are built on the Powow, a trib- uL-irv- of the Morrimac. The Eastern R. R. passes through the E. part of the town. Pop. 3,143. Amesvtlle, p. v., Boone co., 2U. ; on a branch of Rock r., 17S m. N. E. Springfield, and on the Galena and Chicago Union R. li. Amesville, p. v., Ulster c<>., 2^. Y. Amesvllle, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. Colum- bus. Amherst county, Virg. Situate centrally at the base of Blue Ridge, and contains 41S sq. m. Drained I)y Peillar cr. and Tye r., affluents of James r., which washes its S. boundary. Surface elevated and much varied by liill and dale. Soils good, and very productive of wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 728 ; dwell. 1,127, and p"p. — wh. 6,:i53, fr. col. 393, si. 5,953— tot;il, 12,699. Capital ; AmherA C. H. Public WorkJi: James River Canal. Amukrst, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: Vi m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. f>2.". jVmubiist, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Jfass. : 73 m. W. Boston ; is the seat of Amherst College, one of tlie best educational establishments in the Union. Pop. ;i,(i.'>j. Amherst, t., p. v., and cap. Ilillsbon/ co., K. Ilainp. : on Souhegim r.. a l)ranch of the Merrimac, 24 ra. S. S. W. Gtin- cord. Pop. 1,613. Amueiust. I. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: 103 m. N. N. E. Columbus, and on the Cleveland and Sandusky R. P.l,4nrf. Amiieicst, p. V. and cap. Amherst co., Virg.: 84 m. W. Richmond, on Buffalo cr. of James r. iViiicALOLA, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 92 m. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. Amissville, p. v., Rappahannock co., Virg. : on S. side of Iledgeman's r., 36 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Amitie river, Miss, and Lti.: rises in Mississippi, and flows S. and 9. E. 100 m. to Lake Maurepas, unitiJig at Gal- veston with the Iberville. Amite county, J/Zw. Situate S. W. on Stat© line, and con- tains S60 sq. m. Drained by the branches of Amit6 r. Sur- face, except ne.ar the streams, uneven, and the soil inferior. Cotton, Indian corn, and rice are the staple products, F.irms MO; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 660, and pop.— wh. 3,(>41, fr. col. 3, si. 6.050— total, 9,694. Capital : Liberty. Amittsvillb, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 194 m. N. W. Richmond. Amity, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., 3/c. ; 132 m. N. E. Au- gusta. Tlie monument at the sources of the St. Croix lies at tlie N. E. comer nf the town. Pop. 256. Amitv, p. v., (_:iark eo., Ark. : 73 m. S. "W. Little Rock. .tVuiTY, p. v., Johnson co., IihL: 19 m. S. S. E. Indianap- olis. Amity, p. v.. Orange co.. K Y.: on a branch of Willkill r., near S. State line, 9S m. S. Albany. ^ Amity, p. v., Washington co., Penn,.: 193 in. W. by S. Harrisburg. Amityville, p. v., Suffolk co.. A" Y.: IGl m. S. E. Al- bany. Ammonia, p. v., Shelby co., Tenn.: 171 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Ammonoospc (Upper) river, N'. Ihtmp. : rises N. of White mts., and, passing N. E., approaches the Androst^oggin r. ; and thence turning S. W., flows on b) the Ci^nnecticat. Ita length is about 50 m., and the valley through which it flows from 7 to S m. wide and 20 ra. long. The scenory of the neighboring country is beautiftil. Ammonoosuc (Lower) river, X. Jlump. : rises W. of the Whito mts., and, afier a course of 5il miles, falls into the Connecticut, at Haverhill, by a mouth 100 yards wide. The valley of the river is about half a mile wide, and about 6 or 7 m. from the Notch of the White mts. has a fall of some 50 feet, cut through a mass of stratified granito. Amoskeag, p. v., Hillsboro' eo., X. IFtimp. : 17 m. S. E. Concord, on Mrrriniae r., at the Falls, where the descent is 54 feet in a mile and a half, and around which there is a canal. The vil. has considerable manufactures, and a newspaper, is issued weekly. Amsterdam, t, and p. v., Montgomery co., X. Y.: on the Mohawk r., 33 ra. W. Albany. The vil. is on the N. aide 41 AMS AND of the r., and a station oil the Utica and Seheiiccfady E. E. The •• Intelligencer," a newspaper published here, is is- sued weekly. Pop. of 1. 4,123. Amsterdam, p. v., Jefferson CO., Ohio ; 121 m. E. by K. Coluiiibus. Ajisteedam, p. T., Cass co., Iml. : on the Wabash r., CS m. N. "W. Indianapolis. AMSTznD.ul, p. v., Botetourt co., Virg. : 122 m. TV. Eich- mond. Anacostia. p. 0., Washington co., P. C. : on the cr. of the same name, i m. N. E. Washington. ASADAUCO, p. v., Eusk CO., Tex. : 262 in. N. E. Austin City. Anauuac, p. v., Liberty co., Tixr. ; on the E. side of Gal- veston Bay, 210 m. E. by S. Austin City. AsAlOMTNK, p. v., Cherokee Co., Kw. (formerly BnAHon- Tows) ; 1S4 m. N. E. Austin City. Anamosa, p. V. and cap. .Jonea co., la. : 32 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. Ananbale, p. v., Butler co., fmn. : 162 m. W. Harris- burg. A.S-.VXDALS, p. v., Fairfax CO., Firg.: 92 m. N. Eich- mond. Anaquasscook, p. v., Washington co., Al T. : 33 m. N. by E. Albany. A.VASTATiA island, Flor. : situate on the E. coast, and is 18 m. long, and li broad. At its N. end, in lat. 29° 50', and long. 4° 29' W. from Washmgton, is a signal tower, well known to seamen. AscrexT, p. o., Dane co., Wife. AscuAM, t. and p. v., Columbia CO., N'. Y. : iO m. S. E. Albany, on Ancram and Punch creeks, on the former of which are extensive iron works — iron ore, as also galena, being plentiful in the vicinity. Pop. l,f>70. Ancram Lead-mine, p. v., Columbia eo., y. Y. : on Punch cr., where there are considerable quantities of galena. Andalusia, p. v. and cap. Covington CO., Ala. : 72 m. S, Montgomery. Andalusia, p. v., Eoct Island co., lU. : 126 m. N. W. Springfield. Andalusia, Bucks co., Perm. : 92 ra. E. Ilarri.sburg. Anderson county, Kt/. Situate N. centrally, and contains 240 sq. m. Drained by Salt r. and its creeks, and Ken- tucky r., which washes its E. border. Surface various— chiefly undulating, and soils good, producing Indian com, wheat, etc., and some small quantity of tobacco and cotton. Farms 420 ; mannf 31 ; dwell. SS3, and pop,— wh. 4.94S, ft-, col. 30, si. 1,2S2— total, 6,260. Capital: Lawreneeburg. Andeesok district, S. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 780 sq. m. ; l>ing between the Savannah and Saluda, it is well drained by a number of the large tributaries of those rivers. The surface is undulating, and the soils very pro- ductive. The chief products are Indian corn, wheat, and tobacco, and an abundance of live stock is owned in the distdcl. Farms 1,9S6; manuf CO; dwell. 2,440, and pop. — wh. 13,871, fr. col. 90, si. 7,S14— total, 21,475. Capital : Anderson. PuUie Woi-ks: Anderson Branch of Green- ville and Columbia E. E., etc. Anderson county, Tmn. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 750 sq. m. Drained by Clinch r. and its creeks, and the head streams of the S. fork of Cumberlaml r. Surface uneven— sometimes billy and broken, but soils of an aver- age fertility, producing wheat, com, oats, and tobacco. Farms CaS ; manuf. 9 Tdwell. 1,091, and pop.— wh. 6,391, fr. col. 41, si. 5iiC— total. 6,93S. Caj^itiil : Clinton. Anderson county, Tex. Sitaato N. E. centrally, between Trinitv and Neches rivers, and contains about Suo sq. m. Drained by Caddo, Brushy, Walnut, llnrrieane. Still's, and Ionic creeks of the Neches, and Cat-fish, L.ake, Keaeheye. and Parker's creeks of Trinity. Surface various, elevated in the middle, and sloping E. and W. Soils rich, and pro- ductive of sugar and cotton. Farms 200 ; dwell. 376, and pop — wh. 2,281, tr. col. — , b1. 600— total. 2,884. Capital : Palestine. Anderson, p.*-., Clark co., II!.: irs ni. W. Springfield. Anderson, t., p. v., and cap. Madison co., Imt : on S. side of White r., 8' m. N E. Indianapolis, and on the In- dianapohs and Bellefontame li. it., where it is intersected by the Eichmond and Newcistle Extension K. E. The '• Anderson Gazette" is issued weekly. Pop. 1,357. Anderson, p. v., Warren co., y. Jer. : 56 m. N. Trenton- Anderson, p. t., Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. Anderson, p. v. and cap. Anderson dist., S. Car.: 110 in. W. N. W. Columbus. A branch of Greenville and Co- lumbia E. E. terminates here, and it is probable tb.it a rail- road will be built westward through Eabun G.ap, toward the Tennessee lines. The " Anderson G.izottc" is issued week- ly, and the " Farmer and Planter" monthly. Anderson, p. v. and cap. Grimes CO., Tot. .■ on Uoliands cr. of the Navasota r., 132 m. E. Austin City. ANDERSONBCKGn, p. V., Perry co., I'enn. : 32 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Anderson Efvee, p. o., Spencer co., Iiid. : on a r. so called, flowing to the Ohio r., 122 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Anderson's Mills, p. o., Butler co., Perm.: 163 m. W. llariisburg. Andep.son'8 Stoke, p. o., Caswell co., N. Car. : 63 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Anderson's Store, p. o., M'Nairy co., Tenn. : 118 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Ant>erson's Store, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio ,■ 58 m. E. by S. Columbus. ANDERSoNvaLLE, p. V., Franklin CO., Ind. ; on a cr. of White Water r., 49 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Andeesonville, p. v., Anderson disL, S. Car. : on Sen- eca cr., at its junction with Savannah r., 120 m. W. by S. Columbia. Andes, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. Y. : on Pajiacton branch of Delaware r., 71 m. S. S. W. Albany. ANDFJ3VILLE, p. V., Perry co., Pejm. : 28 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Andora, p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn. : 93 m. W. Ilar- risburg. An-dovee, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 18 m. E. Hnrtfonl. Aniiover, p. v., Henry co., JU.: on N. side of Edward's r., 102 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Andover, t. and p. o., Oxford CO., Me. : on Ellis r., of the Androscoggin, 46 m. W. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 701. iU-DOVER, t. and p. 0., Essex Co., JWaM. : 21 m. N. Bos- ton, on the S. W. side of Merrimac r. It is noted as tlie seat of a Theo. Seminary and other educational eslabUsh- ments; and has numerous manufactures. Pop. 6.748. Andover, t. and p. 0., Merrimac CO., iV. Ilamp. ; on Blackwater r., 23 m. N. W. Concord, or by the Northern E. E., which passes through it, 28 m. Pop. 1,220. ANDov^J^ p. v., Sussex co.. A' *)'. ; 27 m. N. Trenton. Andover, t.and p. v., AUefihany Co., X. Y. : 216 in. W. S. W. Albany, or 358 m. W. N. W. n-om New York by Erie E. E., which passes through iU Pop. 1,476. Andover, t. and p. v., Ashtabula Co., Ohio : 168 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 963. Andover. t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on the head waters of Williams' river, at the E. base of the Green Mountains, 69 m. S. Mont))clier. Pop. 725. Andrew county, ifo. Situate N. W. on Missouri r.. and contains 4.33 sq. m. Drained by Nodaway r. and the forks of Little Platte r. Surface level, mostly prairie, and tjie soils very productive. Farms 873 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 1.377. and pop.— wh. 8,758, tr. col. 13, si. 662— toUl, 9,4.33. Capi- tal : Savannah. Andrew, p. v. and cap. Jackson CO., la. : 5 m. N. of Macoquetais r., and 58 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. -V new,*pa- per, the " AVestern Democrat," is issued weekly. Andrew Cuapel, p. o., Madison CO., Tenn. : 121 m. W. by S. Nashville. 1 Andrews, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 61 m. N. Columbus. AND ANT Andrews, p. o., Spottsylviinta co., Vtrg, : 46 m. N. Rich- mond. Androscoggin river, Me. : is formed by the junction of Magalloway r, and the outlet of Lake Umbagog, in New llamp., in which Stale it has a S. course of about 40 ni. After entering Maine, it takes a serpentine course, first, E., ihen S., and tiually K., for about lOD m., when it runs over Pejepskeag Falbs, and joins the Kennebec at Merry-meet- ing Bay, 6 m. above Bath, and IS m. from the sea : its whole course is about 150 m. The confluent streams from this bay is sometimes called tho Sagadahock. Angelica, t., p. v., and cap. Alleghany co., K. Y. : on An- gelica cr. of Genesee r., S21 m. W. by S. Albany. It eon- tains the county buildings, a bank, the " ABoghany County Bank," and several churches; and a newspaper, tho "An- gelica Eeporter," is issued weekly. Pop. 1,592, Angelina county, Ttr- gia; after which, flowing between E. and W. Florida, it falls into the Gulf of Mexico, E. of Cfli^e Escondillru It is wide and det-p, the tide running up for 60 m. The estuary (Apalache Bay) forms a fine harbor, but its entrance at low water is only 3 fathoms deep. Tbe Appnlactiicola and its branches drain a basin having an area of nearly 2'i,0()0 eq. m. AppALAcmcoLA. p. v.. port, and cap.. Franklin co.. Flor. : on a bluff at the W. side of Ihe entrance to Apalaehieola r., 62 m. S. W. Tallahassee, The harbor is deep enough for large vessels, and the port has considerable coasting trade. The tonnage in 1S50 was 2,050 tons, all navigated by steam, and chiefly employed on the river. In the foreign trade 17,132 tons cleared, and 12,196 tons entered in the same year. A newspaper, the "Commercial Advertiser," is is- sued weekly. The village occupies a plot one mile square, and is regularly laid out. It contains the county buildings, and has numerous &ubstantial warehouses and dwellings. Appalacihn, p. v., Tioga co., A'. Y. : 13S m. W. S. W. Albany. Appanoose county, la. Situate S. middle on State line, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Chariton r. and branch- es. Surface undulating, chiefly prairie and soils ferlilc. Farms 153 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 521, and pop.— wh. 3.124, fr. col. 7— total, 3,131. Capital : CentrcviUe. Apperson'b, p. 0., Charles City co., Virg. : 22 m. S. E. Eichmond, Apple Ckeek, p. o.. Cape Girardeau co., 3fo.: on a cr. of the Mississippi so colled, 157 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City Apple Ceeek, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: on a cr. so called, 78 m. N. E. Columbus. Apple Grote, p. v., Tork co., Fenn. : 82 m. S. E. Har- risburg. Apple Grove, p. o., Morgan go., Alutarie3 of James r. Surface level and soils of good quatily. Farms 602 ; manuf. 10 : dwell. 7S5, and pop.— wh. 4,210, fr. cul. 1S4, si. 4,799— total, 9,193. Capitka. In spring floods, steamboats can ascend it near- ly tu its source : the channel is broad, and tlie navigation is safe, unobalructed by rocks, shoals, or rapids. The shores, as far W. as Little llock, arc unhealthy, large tract.^ on both sides tn'ing covered with lakes and stagnant pools. The country is a dead level, and tliere the drainage is imper- fect. On the Great Prairie, that commences immediately above the port, and extends for 90 m. up the country, the elimate becomes more healthy, and this tract is thoroughly TeiiLiiated; but in the closely-wooded bottoms the air ia heavy and inelastic, and the mosquitos very troublesome. Still further up, the climate and country improve. Near the sources of the river, silver has been found; and the soil of the districts through which the river flows is so saturated with salt, that the waters are strongly impregnated and rendered unfit for drinking. Independent of the tfHi saline quality of the water, the vast proportion of red mold which is carried away by the current, produces a similar disipiali- fying effect as to its uses for general purposes. Arkansas IMver has been called the "Paradise of Savages," from Iho number of wild animals that are continually wandering along its banks. Arkansas (LitMe) river: a tributary of Arkansas r. It rises in the deep aandaUuvial district, and crosses the traders' route from Missouri to Santa F6, and falls into the Arkan- sas Proper, 1,700 m. from its junction witli the Mississippi r, in lat. 32^ 30' N., and long. 9S° "W. THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. ARKANSiS 13 bounded nn Ihe north by Missouri, on llio Nisi by Tennessee and Mississippi, on the soulh by Louisiana, and on the west by tlie Indian Territory and Texas ; and extends Kenerally between tlie latitmles m° and 36° 3(1' north, and the longilndes S0° 30' and 94° 30' west from Greenw icli, or V2° i'i' anrl 17° 2»' west from Washington. Its length from nortJi to south is 342 miles, and its breadlh from cast to west varies from 170 miles on the south line to 25S milca on the 36th parallel, where it is widest. The area of the State is 52.1 lis square miles. The surface of Arkansas presents great variations iu its (*onHi;nralioii. Alons the Mississippi Elver, which demarks ita boundary on the east, and for 30 to 50 miles inland, the country is low and widoly iiitersiiersed with lakes and swamps, and with inconsiderable exceptions, is annually overflowed by the llooils of the Mississippi. Arkansas, and St. Francis. In regard to the country T|est of the Mississippi, says Col. Long, it is proper to observe, that the broad valley of the Lower Mississippi, which islerminated to the north by the billy e.ninlry, conneeled with a continuous rocky bar, or reef, tra\er.sing the beds both of the Mississippi and the ( Hiio, about 12 niilfs aliove tlieir junction, and denominated the Grand ('bain of those rivers respectively, and which stretches southward, interrupted by a single hill, or ridge, elevated more IJian a few feet above the reach of the hisrhest floods; that this entire valley region, once probably an arm or estuary of the ocean, hnd inhabited by the monsters of the deeji, but long since reclaimed liy the immense alluvion precipitated over the Grand Chain, in cataracts incomparably more grand and sIii])endous than that of Niagara, and borne thither on the backs of countless Hoods, rs one conliiiued ami almost lioundkss flat, broken only by a multiplicity of water- courses, lagoons, and bayous, some of them tributary to the Mississippi, and others siipidicd from it. and exhibits an as- pect variegated rather than embelli.shed by the inciiualities just mentioned, together with countless swamps, slashes, stagnant pools, etc. Across this valley there are as yet no pass<'s by land secure from frequent and protracted interrup- tions, occasioned by overflows from the rivers by which it is traversed, nor is there any encouraging prospect that roads can be hereafter constrncted to any toler.able advantage, except in a very few instances. The country through wliii4i the SL Francis Itivcr pa.sses is one .T.ntinuous swamp. The surface iiresents, in orrli- nary times, an allornating appearance of lakes, bayous, cypress lands, and marshy ground : the lakes free from any growth oftiinbcr, except of cypress, growing in the water close to the banks, and the bayous, also IVee from timber, but frequently lying in broad and deep valleys, wooded not less thickly than the high ground, and containing comparatively little undergrowth. The valleys are in many cases inundated to the depth of l.'. or 20 feet, or even more. The ponds are mostly filled with very large cypress trees, growing in the water, where its depth does not exceed 3 or 4 feet, except in time of overflow. The marshy ground is filled with tr.'es of immense size, ]>rin<-ipally gum .and sycamore, in the lower places, and white oak and hickory in those that are a little higher and ilryi-r, having occasionally brakes of cane v.-ry thickly set, and frequently rising to the height of 20 and .30 feet, and of proportionate diameter. Farther west the surface rises, and toward the centre of the State becomes moderately hilly, and farther west still it 45 ARKANSAS. rises into the Ozark Mountains. There are numerous and extensive prairies interspersed throughout, but much of the land is well wooded, and in many places it is covered with a heavy forest. Of the highlands that have been called the Ozark or Masseme Mountains, our knowledge is verj- imperfect. They consist of several low ridges, irregidar in their direction, and seldom rising to an elevation of more than 1.500 or 2,000 foot. They appear to be composed chiefly of socondan' rocks, limestones, clay slates, and sandstones, traversed in many places by dykes of greenstone, granite, and sienite. Those portions of this region which have been examined are found to be rich in metaUic minerals, of which iron and lead, copper and zinc exist in great profusion. Coal and salt also abound ; and there are Taluable thermal and sulphurous springs. The Hot Springs of the Washita are remarkable for their high temperature, but are not powerfully impregnated with any mineral substances; they burst forth in great numbers and volume in a small valley lying between two lofty ridges of sandstone, and vary in temperature from 105^ to 1510 Fahr. There are said to be more than seventy of these springs, several rising from the bed of a small stream which flows through the valley, and others issuing from the bounding ridges, at various heights. The Washita oilstones, or novaculites, so much esteemed, are found in this region. The chmate of Arkansas is temperate, but subject to sudden and frequent variations ; and the whole country is ex- posed to the effect of the cold north winds which render the central portions of the United States so cheerless in the wintc-r season. The same winds traverse southward to the equator, and are known in the Gulf of Mexico as the " north- ers," the terror of seamen navigating that sea. Yet in the spring, summer, and fall the seasons are highly propitious to agi'iculture, and here cotton, Indian corn, and, in fact, all the great staples of the country And the climato highly con- genial. The soils vary from the most sterile to the most fertile, and on the margins of all the rivers the productiveness is unbounded. On most of these the soil is a rich alluvion deposited from the washings of the floods, deep and wide, covering millions of acres. Back from the rivers the soil becomes more and more sterile, and in many parts it is unfit for culture, either from scarcity of water or from metaUic impregnation. The principal growths are pines, cypresses, syca- mores, and oaks, according to the formation, and on the prairies, which are extensive, is that rank grass for which thia description of land is so famous. On the whole, Arkansas has many advantages for agriculture, and it has many dis- advantages. Where the latter, however, exist they are fully compensated for by the abundance of its minerals. It is also well stocked with wild animals, as the buffalo, deer, elk, beaver, otter, rabbit, raccoon, wild cat, catamount, woWi bear, etc., which are valuable for their skins, and there is also a plentiful supply of wild turkeys, geese, quails, and other species of birds. The State is traversed or washed by several of the largest rivers in America. The Mississippi bathes its eastern front for more than 350 miles by its windings, but affords no sites suitable for large towns in the present condition of the country. The Arkansas, one of the largest tributaries of the Mississippi, traverses the whole breadth of the Stat« through its centre by a ver>' tortuous course of about 1,530 miles, and is navigable during the greater part of the year far above its western limits. The Red River flows through the south-western comer, which is thus rendered accessible to steamboats. All (ho other rivers, some of which are of great magnitude, empty themselves into these three, affording navigable facilities to almost every quarter of the State. The St. Francis is a large and full river, rising in the eastern highlands of Missouri. Its channel) however, is much obstructed by numerous rafts or jams of fallen trees, and above and below the northern boundarj' its waters are dispersed in such a manner as to render the navigation intricate and difHeult. The "Spread," as it is called by the inhabitants, extends for the space of about 50 miles, with a width in some parts of 20 miles, and is attributed to the earthquake of ISll, at which time a large tract of country sunk considerably below its former level, and the waters of the rivers were dissipated in numerous lakes and branches. The White River has its sources in the south- western part of the State, and passes into Missouri, whence it soon returns, reaching the Mississippi in a general south-easteriy course. Its length is not less than GOO miles; and although at present it is elioked up in many places by accumulations of drill-wood, steamboats ascend it as far as Balerville, 260 miles, and on the removal of these obstructions will be able to ascend it 200 miles farther. Tlie White River receives several large tributaries from Missouri, of which the Big Black, a navigable stream, is the principal ; the Cache and Little Red River have their courses wholly within this State. The Arkansas receives no considerable tributary. The Washita, a noble river running through a fertile and beautiful region, drains nearly the whole southern part of tlie State: rising near the western border, it flows nearly parallel with the White River and the Arkansas, first east, and then south-east, and is navigable upward of 350 miles from its mouth. The Little Missouri, the Saline, the Bayou Bartholomew, the Bayou Boeuff, and Uie Bayou Magon, are its principal tributaries. Arkansas formed a part of French Louisiana, and subsequently and until 1819, a portion of Missouri Territory. At tlie latter date it was erected into a separate territory, under its present name. In 15^36 it was admitte'. In 1S20 tlie population was U,27;J; in 1S30, 30,333; in 1340, i)7,5T4, and in 1S50, 209,63!), of which 162,063 were white persons, 5S9 fVec colored persons, and 46,9S2 slaves. Deaf and dumb, 89; blind, SI ; insane, 63: and idiotic, 102. The State was, at the latter date, divided into 51 counties, as follows: Arkansas, Ashley, Benton, Bradley, Carroll, Chicot, Clark, Conway. Crawford. Crittenden. Uallas, Desha, Drew, Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Hempstead, Hot Springs, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson. Johnson, Lafayette, Law- rence, Madison, Marion, Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomerj', Newton, Rerry, Philips, Pike, Poinsett, I'olk, Pope, Prairie, Pulaski, Randolph, SL Francis, Saline, Scott, Searcy, Sevier, Uniou, Van Buren, Washington, Washita, White, and Yell. Arkansas is almost wholly occupied in agricultural pursuits; its ni:inufactures are merely in their inception, whether as to diversity or number of establishments; nor has it the advantage of a seaward commerce. The statistics afforded by the census of 1S50, and other official reporl.s, exhibit the condition of the State to be as follows : Occupied Lamls, ,/c.— Improved lands, 731,531 acres, and unimproved lands. 1,316,634 acres, valued at $15,265,245. Number of farms, 17,753. Value of farming implements and madiinerj-, $1,601,296. Lire Stock.— l\or%Q9,m,\Ti\ asses and mules, 41,559 ; mUch cows, 93,151 ; working oxen, a4,239 ; other catUc, 165,820; sheep, 91,256; swine, 330,727- valued at $6,647,969. P/-0(f«(ft?.— Wheat, 199.639 bushels : rye, 3,047 : Indian com, 3,393,939 ; oats. 656.133 ; bariey, 177 : buckwheat, 175 ; peas and beans, 235,733 ; Irish potatoes. 193,332 ; sweet potatoes 7SS,149 bushels ; rice, 63,179 pounds ; tobacco, 213,936 pounds ; ginned cotton, 6.5.346 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 3,977 tons ; clover seed, 90 bushels, and other grass seed, 43G ; hops, 157 pounds; water-rotted hemp, 15 tons; flax, 12,291 pounds; flaxseed, 321 bushels; maple sugar, 9,380 pounds; molassca 46 ARKANSAS IS pallons; wine, 35 gallons: value of products of orchards, $40,141, and of market-s^ardon products. $17.1uO; beeswax and honey. 192.33S pounds ; sUk coccoons, 8S pounds ; wool, 183.595 pounds ; butter, 1,584,239, and cheese, SO.OSS pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered, $1,162,913. Home-made manufactures were valued at |;63$,21T. Manufactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,00i.),000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000; average number of hands employed, 0,000 ; males, 0,000, and females. 000 ; average monthly cost of male labor, $00,000, and of female labor, $0,000; annual value of products, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing esUiblishmonls, producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 271 ; and of these three were cotton factories, employing a capital of $16,500, and using 170 bales of cotton annually, valued at $8,975 ; hands employed, 13 males and IS females; entire monthly cost of male labor, $190, aud of female labor, $106; annuaJ product, 81,200 pounds yarn, valued at $16.t'»37. The remaining and most numerous of the industrial pursnit.s of Arkansas, are those incident to all agricultural States, or such as are immediately needed, as carriage-makers, blacksmiths, tanners, etc. The distribution of manufac- tures in this State is very unequal ; of the counties, 15 have no manufacturing cstalilishmeuts, 17 have less than five, 7 have five and less than ten, 7 have ten and less than flfteeu, 2 liavo fifteen and less than twenty, and 3 have twenty and upward. Commerce, Ifite>'7ial Coramunication, etc. — Arkansas has no direct intercourse with foreign countries. Its export staples arc carried to New Orleans for shipment, and most of its supplies are drawn from tlie same quarter. On all the gre^it rivers steamboats jily regularly, and in sufficient numbers f>r the present wants of the population. Few fif the roads are good, being chiefly earth tracks, almost impassable in wet weather. No radroads exist throughout the State, but there are several projected, and the spirit of enterprise appears to bo alive on the subject. The initial point of ihc system projected is Helena, on the Missiasippi, whence a direct line will be built to Little Rock, the capital, with an ex- tension from that point to the Ked Kiver to meet the Texas roads pointing east, and another extension by way of \\\\\ Buren and Fort Smith, to be ultimately carried into the Indian territory, this latter being a part and parcel of the Gn.-r a total of debt and interest, $1,500,562 50, on which tlie annual accruing interest is $90,131 80. The total value of taxable property in the State in 1850, was $84,995,885, on which in that year a tax of $93,540 was levied. lieligiom Denominatiom.~'V\^Q principal denominations in this State, according to statistics published by their own bodies in 1S50, exhibited the following statements of their relative strength : Baptists, 6 assoei.ilions, 78 churches, 49 ministers, and 2,509 members; Methodists, 60 traveling. 4 superannuated, and 153 local preachers, and 12,151 members ; r.oman Catholic, 7 churches, and 12 other stations, 6 ministers, and ai)out 3,000 members; Protestant Episcopal, 2 clergy. The Roman Catholics are under the Bishop of Liltle Rock, and the Protestant Episcopalians under the missionary Bishop of Arkansas. The Presbyterians are numerous, but in consequence of the statistics of this denomination being included in synods, not co-extensive with the State, it is impossible to assess the apportionment duo to i\j-kans:ts separately. SchooU and 37uc(Uion.—X\ihough Arkansas has had advantages to foster education equal to any others of tlie new Slates, her improvident legislators have not improved them. There are but few common schools in the State. In each lownsliip the lOth section is given by Congress for the support of sohools, and the revenue arising from leases of salt springs, and from estrays sold, forms part of the school fund. There are academies and high schools in Little Rock, Fayettevillc, Washington, Camden, and some other places. There is no State College, although Congress granted to the State seventy-two sections of land (2,592 acres) for the purpose of f-mnding an institution of learning: this, by a law of the Legislature of 1S49, and in utter defiance of the intentions of Congress, was distributed among the counties. The only effurt to estabhsh a college has been made by the Roman Catholics. In 1850 the Legislature granted them a charter 47 ARK ASH for the College of St. Aiulrewe, near Fort Smith, in Crawford county. The collegia has a presuU-nt and five professors^ and its course of studies embraces all the branches taught in the best institutions. The Ecclesiastical Seminary is located on the college grounds, and is considered one of the finest edifices in the Union. St Mary's Academy, for young ladies^ nl Little Kook, is also a Catholic institution. Periodical Preaa.—ln all the State there are but 14 periodicals— 13 are issued weekly, and one at a period of two weeks. The aggregate circulation of the weekly papers is only 7,250 copies, or 377,000 copies annually. Of the whole number of papers, three aro Whig in politics, and five Democratic, the remaining six being devoted to liltTature, religion, and various other subjects. Many single counties in New York and Ohio contribute more to litoraturc than the whole of this State. " Arkansas, Avith all that nature has done for her, is far behind her neighbors in improvements, population, and general prosperity. It is a source of humiliation to make these acknowledgments; but tlio truth should be told, though the ?wavti/)s faU." Such was tlie language of the Committee on Arkansas Kailroads, at the New Orleans Convention, in 1851, and such must be the response of every intelligent resident of the Stale. Witli her increase of population, and reviving prosperity, however, it is to be hoped that so magnificent a State, one so richly endowed and so blessed with a propitious climate and soU, will take heed and redeem itself from the just opprobrium of the enlightened among th^m selves, and of the world that is observant of tlieir progress. Little Rock is the State capital. Abkpokt, p. T., Steuben co., JV. Y. : on Canisteo r., 21S m. V,\ by S. Albany. Abkville, p. v., Delaware co., K K ; 57 m. S. W. Al- bany. Ahkwright, t. and p. v., Chautauque co., K Y. : 396 m. "W. by S. Albany. Pop. l,2S3. Aklington, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: S3 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. Ablington, t. and p. v., Bennington co., Verm. : on Green r. and Battenkill, S9 m. S. 3. W. Montpelicr. Fine marble abounds in the t. Pop. 1,0S4. Ablington, p. v., Bureau co., lU. : 110 m. N. Springfield. Armada, p. v., Macomb co., Mich, : on the N. branches of Clinton r., S4 m. W. Lansing. Armagh, p. v., Indiana co., Penn. : in S. E. comer of co., 12S m. W. Harrisburg. Armenia, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : 110 m. E. S. E. MU- ledgeville. ABwiESBLTtG, p. V., Parke co., Ind. : on E. side of Ver- million r., 66 m. W. Indianapolis. Armington, p. v., Tazewell co., lU. : in the S. E. comer of CO., 42 m. N. by E. Springfield. Armstrong county, Penn. Situate "W". middle, and con- tains 575 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of Alle- ghany r., which runs through iL Surface somewhat liilly, but agreeably diversified. Soils of average fertility, pro- ducing principally wheat and oats. Farms 1,612; manof. 93 ; dwell. 5.052, and pop.— wh. 29,431, fr. col. 129— total, 29,560. Capital: Kittaning. Armstrong, p. v., Wabash co., lU. : on a cr. of "Wabash r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. Armstrong Academy, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Tnd, Tcr. Armstkong Mills, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: 108 m. E. Columbus. Abmuchee, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the W. side of Ar- niochee cr. of Oostananlu r., a tributary of Coosa r., 144 m. N. "W. Milledgeville. Arneytown, p. v., Burlington co., 2^. Jer. : 15 ra. S. E. Trenton. Arnkeim,^p. v., Brown co., Oiiio: S2 m. S, S. "W. Colum- bus. Pop. OU Arnoldsburg, v., Gilmer co., Yirg.: 216 m. W. by N, Richmond. Arnoldton, p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 58 m. S. Albany. Arsoldton, p. v., Campbell co., Yirg. : 102 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. Arnon, p. v.. Wills CO., III. : 5 m. from Indiana State line, and 146 N. E. Springfield. Aroostook county. Me. Sihiate N. and N. E., and con- tains about 6.800 sq. m. Drained by the Woolastook, Alla- gash, Ajfoostook of the St. John, and Mattawamkeag of the Penobscot. Xumcrous lakes and isolated hills are spread over thw county. Tlits is the largest county of the State, but is propled only in its S. E. portion. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 1,228 ; manuf. 59 ; 48 dwell. 2,038, and pop.— wh. 12,529, fr. col. 6— total, ]2,.586. Capital: Houlton. Aboostook, p. v., Aroostook co.. Me. Aroostook river, Me. : rises in the N. part of the State, its head waters being separated from those of Penobscot r. by a stretch of highlands. Its course is circuitous, general- ly easterly, until it falls into St. John's r. on the New Bmns- wick line, in lat. 4iP 05' N. The lands on this river are fertile, and produce the finest qualities of grain and grasses. Its length is upward of 100 m. < Arrington, p. v., Williamson, co., Tenn. : 18 m. S. Nash- ville. Aerowood, p. v., Spartanburg dist, S. Car. : 72 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Arrow Rock, p. o.. Saline co., Mo. : on S. bank of Mis- souri r., 54 ra. W. N. W. Jefferson City. ABROWSMTrns, p. o., Defiance co., Ohio: 104 m. N. W. Columbus. Arsenal, p. o., Alleghany co., Penm.. : 19 m. W. Ilarris- burg. Arthuesburg, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y. : 76 m. S. by E. Albany. Artiiurton, p. v., M'llenry co., JU.: 173 m. N. E. Springfield. Artio, p. v., Be Kalb co., ItuI.. : 122 m. N. E. Indian- apolis. AsBURY, p. v., La Salle co.. 111. : in the N. E. part of the CO., a mile W. of Rock r. and 134 m. N. N. E. Spring- field. AsBURY, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on the E. side of Loox- apatjlla cr., 126 m. N. W. Montgomery. AsBUBY, p. v., Warren co., K. Jer. : 41 m. N. Trenton. AsBURY, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. E. S. E. Columbus. AsBURY, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : 52 m. W. N W. Nashville. AsBURY, p. v., Troup co., Oa. : 102 m. W. Milledgeville. Ascension parish, La. Situate S. W. of E. Dist., on both sides of Mississippi r., and contains :;80 sq. m. Drained W. by tributaries of Grand r., and E. by those of Amitife, etc. Surface low and level, subject to inundation. froiiS which it is partially protected by levees or embankments. Oranges, figs, peaches, etc., grow in profusion : cotton and sugar are the staple products. Farms 157 ; dwell. 755, and pop.— wh. 3,339, fr.col. 147, si. 7,266— total, 10,752. Capi- tal : Donaldson ville. AscuTNEY mountain, Verm. : situate in the towns of Windsor and Wcthersfletd. It is chiefiy composed of gran- ite, and is almost destitute of vegetation. Its elevation above the Connecticut r. is 3,11C, and above the ocean, 3,320 feet. Its ascent is steep and rugged. AsHAPOo Feert, p. 0., Colleton dist., 8. Car. : IDS m. S. E. Columbia. ARnnoRoroH, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., N. Car.: 69 m. W. Raleigh. Pop. 1,970. AsuBUBNOAM, t. and p. c, Worcester co., Ma»8. : a hilly ASH AST dietricl, drained by tributarit'3 of the Connecticut and Mer- rimae, 48 m. W. N. \V. Boslon. Pop. 1,S75. AsuBL'RNHAH UepOt, p. 0., Worcester oo., 3fass. : on the Yermimt and Massaclmsetls H. K., 11 m. N. W. Fitchburg. AsHBY, p. v., Coles CO., III. : 74 E. Springfield. AsHBY, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mtiss. : 44 m. N. W. Boston, on a branch of Na8hua r. Pop. 1,218. AauBYSBURQ, p. v., Uopklns co., Ky. : 122 m. W. by S. Frankfort. AsiiK county, y. Oir. Situate N. W. extreme, and con- tains 7G0 sq. ra. Drained by New r. of the Orcat Kana- wha, and other streams. Surface, an elevated plateau, be- tween Blue PLidge and Stony Mountain : soils good. Farms V2bii ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1.407, and pop.— wh. 8,096, fr. col. S6, si. 5,051— total, 8,777. Capital : Jefferson. Ash Creek, p. o., Oktibbeha cr., Mm. : 107 m. N. E. Jackson. AsHEBT, p. 0., Hancock co., Ohio : 70 m. N.W. Columbus. AsiiFiELD, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mass.: in S. W. part of CO., 162 m. W. Boston. AfiUFOBD, t. and p. o., Windham CO., C&nti, : 29 m, E. Hartford, Pop. 1,291. AsiiFOBD, t and p. v., Cattaraugus co., iV. T. : on 8. side of Cattaraugus cr., 2G4 m. W. by S. Albany. Pap. l,6.j.s Asn Grove, p. o.. Green co., Mo.: 132 ra. S. by W. Jef- ferson City. Ash Geove, p. c, Iroquois co., ///. ; 109 ra. N. E. Spring- field AsuTPTTN, p. v., Washington co., Tfisc. ; 76 m. E. by N. Madison. Ashlajid county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 342 sq. m. It occupies the watershed between Lake Erie and the Ohio r. Drained in the S. by the branches of Walhonding r., and in the N. by those of Vermillion and Black rivers. Surface rolling, and soils rich and produc- tive. Farms 2,2:35 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell, 4,123, and pop. — wh. 23,789, fr. col. 3— total 23,792. Capital: Ashhind. AsuLAhT), p. v., Wapello co., la. : 61 m. S. 8. W. Iowa City. AsHT-ASD, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 98 m. N. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. ^VsTiLAKD, Franklin co., iTy. ; the late home of Hesrt Clay, tfw statesman of the Union: H rn. S. E. T.oxinctdii. Ashland, p. v.. Union co., ATy . 168 m. W. Frankfort, AsuLAND. t. and p. v., Greene co.. A'; Y. : 44 ra. S. W. Albany, Pop. 1,2S9. Ashland, p. v.. Wajiie co., Ttim. : on the S. side of Buf- falo r., 69 m. S. W. Nashville. Ashland, p. v.. Middlesex co., J/tMS. ; 4G m. N. W. Boston. Fop. of 1. 1,304. Ashland, p. v., De Soto par., I.a. : 1S8 m. W. N. W. Baton PkOu^e. AsHLA^^), p. v., Bertie co., N. Car. : 69 m. E. by N. Ra- leigh. Asuland, p. v., Henry co., /;«/. ; 22 m. E, by N, Indian- apolis. Ashland, p. v.. and cap. Ashland co., Ohio: 72 m. N. N. E.Columbus. Pop, of v. 1,264. The *' Ashlander" (whig), and the '• Ohio Union" (dem.), are published weekly. Ashland, p. v,, Wayne, co., Pemi. : 132 m. N. E, Ilarris- burg. Ashland Furnace, p. t,, Cambria co., Perm. : 94 m. W. Harrisbtirg. . Ashley county, Ark. Situate S. E. on Stato line, and contains 660 sq. m. Drained by creeks falling into the Bnyou Earlhnlomew, on the E., and Spline and Wachita nvers on the W. Surface level prairie, and fertil.-. Farms 173 ; dwell. 2C9, and pop.— wli. 1,409, fr. col. 5, si. W4~total, 2,053. Capitiit : Ashley C. H. Ashley, p. v., Carroll co,. Ark. : 132 m. N. N. W, Little Eock. Ashley, p. v., Pike co., Mo. : on a branch of Indian cr., 69 m. N. E. Jefferson City. AsHLBY, v., Delaware co., Ohio : on Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati R. li., 31 m. N. Columbus. Ashley Falls, p, v., Berkshire co., Mass.: 123 m. W. Boslon. AsuLEYvrLLE, p. V., Hampden co., Mass. : 86 m. W. Boston. Ash RiDOB, p. o., Brown co., Ohdo: 84 m. S. S. W. Co- lumbus. Asu Ridge, p. o., Pulaski co,, JU. : 180 m, S. Springtield. Ash Run, p. o., Pendleton co., Kt/. : 49 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. Ash Speinq, p. o., Harrison co., Ter.: 312 m, N.E, Austin City. Ashtabula county, (?7wa Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and contains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by Conneaut cr. and the Ashtabula and Grand rivers, which fall into Lake Erie, and by several creeks, affluents of Chenango cr., which flows toward the Ohio. Surface elevated and rolling, and eod generally fertile. Farms 2,243 ; manuf. 251 ; dwell. 5,306, and pop.— wh. 23,719. fr. col. 41— total 23,766. Capital : Jef- ferson. Puhlio Works : Cleveland, Painesville, and A-sh- tabula R. R. Ashtabula, t and p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: on Ash- tabula r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, 171 m. N. E, Columbus. It is a place of commercial activity, both as a shipping port and railroad dcp6l, being on the line of the Lake Shore R. R. ; and contains several fine warehouses and stores. Two newspapers, the " Sentinel" and the '■ Tel- egraph," are issued weekly. Pop. of v. 321, of t. 2,177. ^VsHTON. p. o., Dane co., Wise. AsHTON, p. V.) Clark co., Mo. : 130 ra. N, N. E. Jefferson City. Ashton's, p, o., Shelby co,, Tex. : 182 m. E. by N. Aus- tin City. Ashton's Mills, p. o., Frederick co., Yirg. : 113 m. N. Richmond. Asiu'ELOT river, N. Ramp.: situate chiefly in Cheshire CO. It has its source in a pond in Washington, and thence has a southerly course to Keene, where it receives a con- siderable iributarj', and another joins it at Swanzey. From the latter point its course is S. W. to the Connecticut, which it joins 3 m. above the State line. AsHViLLE, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., Ala. : on S. side of Canoe cr. of Coosa r., 93 m. N. Montgoraery. AsnviLLE, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : 23 m. S. Columbus. ^VsnviLLE, p. v.. Holmes co.. J/ws. ; 56 m. N. Jackson. i\i:HviLLE, p. v., and cap. Buncombe co., 2i. Car.: on French Broad r., 21S m. W. Raleigh. Two newspapers, the " Ashville Messenger" and the " Ashville News," both rchi^ in politics, are published weekly. Pop. 426. AsnwooD, v., Tensas par., la. : 102 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. AsHwooD, p. v., Maury co., Tenn. : 83 ra. S. S. W. Nash- ville. Aspen Guove, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg.: near Ban- nister r. of tlie Dan, 102 m. W, 8, W. P.ichmond. Aspen Wall, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg.: 40 ra. S. W. Richmond. AssABET, p. o., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on the r. of same name, 33 m. N. W. Boston. Assumption parish. La. Situate S. W. of the State, and contains 396 sq. m. Drained by Bayou La Fourche, and other streams. Surface luw and marshy, subject to inunda- tion. Soils rich and fertile, producing com, cotton, and sugar. Farms 520 ; dwell. 926, and pop.— wh. 5.170, fr. col. 27, si. 5,341— total 10,533. Capital: Napoleonville. Assu-MpnoN, p. v., and cap. Assumption par., La. : on W. Bide Bayou La Fourche, 38 m. S. Baton Rouge. Assyria, p. v., Barry co., Mich. : 32 ra. S. W. Lansing, iVsTORTA, p. v.. Wright co.,. Mo. : on a branch of Gascon- ade r.. .34 m. S. JeflVrson City. A.ST0RIA. p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on a ran of Sugar cr., 6 m. N. W. ininois r. and 57 ra. W. N. W. Springfield. 49 AST ATT AsTOBiA, p. v., Queen's co., X. Y. : on Halletl's Cove, a bay of the East r., near Hellgate, 132 m. S. Albany. Many New York merchants reside here, and are accommodated by reg- ular steamboat navigation. AsTOKiA, p. v., Clatsop CO., Oreg.: on S. side Columbia r., 8 m. from its mouth. It is a port of entry, and was for- merly a noted trading post, founded in ISll by John J. Astor, the modern Croesus, and even at the present time is little more. There are many more eligible places than this for both foreign and internal commerce near the mouth of the river. AflYLUM, t and p. o., Bradford co., Pem/ti. : on the S. "W. side of 8u3quehannah r., 98 m. E. N, E. Harrisburg. Wy- alusing Falls are in this town. Atchafalaya, p. v., Point Coupee par., La. : 42 m. N. "W. Baton Koage. Atohafataxa river, La. : an outlet of the Mississippi r., from which it separates 3 m. below the mouth of Red r., in 310 20' N. lat., and 90° 4*)' W. long., and hence has a course S., through Louisiana, upward of 147 ra. to the bay of the eame name on the Gulf coast. It receives in its course the Plaquemine, another outlet of the Mississippi. The navi- gation is obstructed by rafts. Atohlson county, Mo. Situate in N. "W. corner of Ptate, on Missouri r., and contains 5?0 sq. m. Brained by tlie Nishnabatona, the Nodoway, and the head waters of Big and Little Tarkio rivers. Surface prairie, and exceedingly fertile. Farms 138 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 291, and pop.— wh. 1,&41, fr. col. 7, si. 30— total, 1,678. mpital : Linden. AxirENS county, Ohio. Situate S. E. on Ohio r., and con- tains 4GS sq. m. Drained by Hocking r. and its tributaries. Surface somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils arc very fertile. Limestone, iron ore, and bituminous coal are abun- dant, and salt wells have been successfully operated in sev- eral districts. Farms 1,372 ; manuf. 60 ; dwell. 3,120, and pop.— wh. 18,119. fr. col. 96— total, 18,215. Capital : Athens. Pxihlic Work-'i : Hocking Canal, Belpr6 R. R., etc. Athens, p. v., and cap. Izard co.. Ark. : on N. side of "White r., 94 ra. N. Little Rock. Athens, p. v., and cap. Limestone co., Ala. : on a cr. of Tennessee r., 166 m. N. Montgomery. Athens, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Ga. : on W. bank of Oconee r.. 57 m. N. Milledgeville. It is the seat of the Uni- versity of Georgia, and is connected by R. R. witli Savan- nah, &c. Pop. ?,795 Four newspapers are published weekly — the " Athens Whig," the " Athens Banner" (dem.). the "Home of Mirth," and the *' American Mechanic." Athens, p. v., Menard co., lU. : 3 m. E. of Sangamon, r. and 11 m. N. Springfield. Athens, p. v., Fayette co., Ky.: on a small branch of Kentucky r., 3-3 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Athens, p. c, Claibomo par., La. : 212 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. Athens, t. and p. v., Somerset co., M^. : on a tributary of Kennebec, r., 38 m. N. Angusta. Pop. 1,466. Athens, p. v., Monroe co., 3fl8S. : on a small tributary of Little Tombigbee r., 152 m. N. E. Jackson. Athens, L and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a tributary of St. Joseph's r., 59 m. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 532. Athens, p. v., and cap. Gentry co.. Mo.: 162 m. N. W. Jeflferson City. Athens, p. v., Clark co., 3ro, : on S. W. side of Des Moines r., 140 m. N. Jefferson City. Athens, t and p. v., Greene co., JV; Y. : on W. side of Hudson r., opposite the city of Hudson, between which there is a steam ferry, .36 m. S. Altiany. The v. is a placo of considerable business, and numerous sloops ply to and from N. York City; and the Albany and Troy steamboats make it a slopping place. Pop. 2,9S6. Athens, t, p. v., and cap. Athens co., Ohio : on the N. bank of Hocking r.. 62 m. S. E. Columbus. It is the seat of the Ohio University, and contains numerous handsome hoildings. The Cincinnati and Belpr6 B. B. 60 through it A branch of the State Bank is lorntci here and a newspaper, the " Athens Messenger," is iusued week ly. Pop. of v. 898, of t. 2,361, Athens, t, and p. v., Bradford co., Penn,: at the junc- tion of Chemung r. with the Susquehanna, 121 m. N. Har- risburg. The North Branch Canal terminates here. Pop. of village 706. Athens, p. v., and cap. M'Minn co., Tenn. : on Eastan- alla cr., and the East Tennessee and Georgia R. R., 53 m. N. Dalton. A newspaper, the *' Athens Post," is issued weekly. Athens, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., Tkp. (formerly Alfred): on a branch of Cedar cr., 222 m. N. N. W. Austin City. Athens, p. v., Caroline co., Yirg.: 33 m. N. Richmond. Athens, t and p. o., Windham co., Vei'vi, : 73 m. S. Montpelier. Atuensville, p. v., Greene co., lU. : on Apple cr., in the N. E. comer of the co., 42 m. S. "W. Springfield. Athensville, sta., Delaware co., P&rm.: on Columbia R. E., 9 m. W. Philadelphia. Atuol, t. and p. o., "Worcester co.. Mtiis. : on Miller's cr., 61 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 2,033. Atuol, t. and p. o., Warren co., K. Y! ; on a tributary of Hudson r., 62 m. N. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,590. Atuol Depot, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : on the Ver- mont and Massachusetts R. R., 80 m. W. Fitchbnrg and 83 from Boston. Atkinson, t and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : on S. side of Piscataquis r., 64 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 895. Atkinson, t. and p. o., Rockingham co.. A'! I/amp. : 23 m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 600. Atkinson's Mills, p. o., Mifflin co., Penn, : 53 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Atlantic county, A^ Jer, Situate S. E. on Atlantic Ocean, and contains 548 sq. m. Drained by Great and Little Egg Harbor rivers, and lined on the coast by nu- merous low islands, forming shallow bays and inlets. Sur- face level, and soils light and sandy. Farms 327 ; manuf. 62 ; dwell. 1,5S4, and pop.— wh. 8,750, fr. col. 210, sL l~total, 8,961. Capital : May's Landing. Atlanta, p. v., De Kalb co.. Go. : at the junction of the Georgia, Western, and Atlantic and the Macon and West- ern railroads — an important dejCt of internal commerce. Distance to Augusta 171 m. and to Charleston 303 m. ; to Savannah 292 m. ; to Montgomery, Ala., 175 m. ; fo Chatta- nooga 104 m. ; to Nashville 291 m., and to Knoxville 263 m. by R. R. A newspaper, the " Atlanta Intelligencer,'" is is- sued weekly. Pop. 4,812. Atlas, p. v., Pike co., lU. : 63 m. W. by S. Springfield, on the E. side, near Snycarteo Slough, which is navigable fur steamboats to this point in high flood. Atsion, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. Attala county. Miss. Situate centrally, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the head branches of Pearl and nu- merous creeks of Big Black r. Surface undulating, and the soils fertile. Indian corn, rice, tobacco, and cotton are the chief products. Farms 1,336 ; manuf 44 ; dwell. 1.431, and pop.— wh. 7,573, fr. col. 9, si. 3,412— total, 10,999. Capital : Kosciusko. Attalaville, p. v., Attala co.. Miss. : 56 m. N. N. W. Jackson. Attapulgus, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint r., 172 m. S. S. W. Millttdgeville. AiTiOA, p. v.. Fountain co., Ind^ : on the S. E. side of Wabash r., 66 m. N. W. Indianapolis. AmcA, p. v.. Greene co., Wise : 88 m. S. W. Madison. Attica, p. v.,Wyomingco., y. Y. : on Buffalo and Roches- ter R. B., 32 m. E. Buffalo, and 263 m. W. Albany. The village has considerable trade, and carries on manufactures of several kinds. A weekly newspaper, the "Wyoming County Mirror," is published here, and circulates about 800 oopies. ATT AUG Attica, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: in S. E. corner of co., 72 m. N. Oliaanbus. Attica Centre, p. o., Wyoming co., K. T. : 253 ni. W. Albany. Attioa, p. T., Lenawee co., Mieh. : 73 m. S. E. Lansing. Attlefokough, t. and p. o., Bristol co., 3fasa. : on Paw- tvickct r., 33 ra. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Providcuce K. II. passc-3 through the town. Pop. 4,200. Attlebokougu, p. v., Bucks CO., Penn. : 21 m. N. N. E. Pliiladc'lphm and 100 E. llarrisburg. Attlebury, p. v., Duchess co., K. Y. : 53 m. S. S. E. Al- bany. Atwater, p. v., Portage co., Ohio: on Cleveland and Pitl.shurg 11. K., 50 m. S. S. E. Cleveland and IIS m. H N. E. Cnliinibus. Atwooi*, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala, : 152 ni. N. E. Montr gonu-ry. AniuEENAnBEE, p. 0., Fulton co., Inv.: 80 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Auburn, 4). v., Cannon co., Teiin. : 47 m. W. S. W. Nash- ville. Attuiten Four Corners, p. c, Susquehanna co., Penn. : in S. E. part of co., 108 m. N. E. Harrisburg. AuciLLA, p. v., Jefferson co., Flor. : on the r. of the Bame name, 20 m. S. W. Tallahassee. Audrain county. Mo, Situate E. middle, and contains 1,220 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Salt r. Surface level or undulating, and soils excellent, producing the cereals abundantly and some tobacco. Farms 417; manuf. 10; dwell. 498, and pop.— wh. 3,04sS, fr. col. 1. si. 457— toUil 8,506. Capital : Mexica Audubon county, Ja. Situate S. W., and cont;iiiid 576 sq. m., taken from the Pottowottamie in ls51. Audubon, p. v., Montgomery co., lU. : 42 m. S. E. Spring- field. Audubon, p. v., Hardeman co., T&n/n. : on a or. *•( Big Ilatchee r., 134 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Augerona, p. v., Jackson co., Virg.: 21S ra. W. N. W. Richmond. Auglaize county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 396 sq. m. Drained by Auglaize r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating, and soil moderately fertile. Farms 1,393; manuf. 30; dwell. 2,020, and pop.— wh. 11,251, fr. col. 87— t^ital 11,338. Capital: Wapaukonnetta. Public Works: Miami Canal, etc. Auglaize, p. v.. Van Wert co., Ohio: on Little Auglaize r., 98 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Augusta county, Virg. Situate centrally between Blue Ridge and Great North Mountain, and contains SOO 5.q. m. Drained by the head waters of Shenandoah and James rivers. Surface picturesquely varied, and soils fertile. There are several medicinal springs in the county. Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the ohiof products, and cattle raising is much engaged in. Farms 1,264; manuf. ISl ; dwell. 3,207, and pop.— wh. 19,024, fr. col. 533, al. 5,053— total ^4,610. a/ptYaL- Staunton. Public Works : Wrgmxa. Central R. R., etc Augusta, p. v., Benton co., Flor. : 160 m. S. E. Talla- hassee. Augusta, p. city, and cap. Richmond co., Qn.: on Sa- vannah r., and at the intersection of the South Carolina, the Georgia, and the Burke County railroads. It is an ira- poriant commercial point, and the depot of an extensive and fertile country, the produce of which, cotton, tobacco, etc., is sent down to Charleston, 137 m., by R. E., and to Savannah by the Savannah r. The city is well laid out. and luis many spacious stores and dwellings. The public birtld- ings are a City llall. County Court House and Jail, a thea- tre, arsenal, ho.'^pital, and numerous churches. The ''Sen- tinel" and •' Constitutionalist" are published daily, and have also tri-wcekly and weekly editions: the "Republio" is is- isued tri-weekly and weekly, and there are two monthly publications issued — the " Southern Medical Journal" and the '■• Southern Cultivator.'' Augusta, p. v., Jackson co., Ark. : 44 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Augusta, p. v., Hancock co., III. : in S. E. corner of co., 7S m. W. by N. SpringQeM. Augusta, p. v., Marion co., Iiid. : in N. W. comer of eo., 12 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. Augusta, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on the Chicagua or Skunk r., 61 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Augusta, p. v.. Bracken co., Ky. : on the S. bank of the Ohio r., (j^ in. N. E. Frankfort. It ra the scat of Augusta College, a Methodist establishment, founded in 1S25. Augusta, t., p. city, and cap. Kennebec co., 3le., and cap- ital of the State of Maine: on both sides of Kennebee r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 43 m. from the ocean. Lat. 440 IS' 43" N., and long. 69° 50' W. from G., or 7^ 12' E. from W., and distant 595 m. N. E. Washington. A fine bridge, 520 fec^ long, connects the two parts of the v.. which is regularly laid out, and rises gradually from the shores of the river. It contains the State House, Insane Hospital, the CO. buildings, a U. 8. Arsenal, and numerous churches and school-houses, many of which are elegant structures. Tlie State Hou?e is located half a mile S. of the v. The build- ing is of white granite, and has spacious halts for the h-gis- lature and executive officers. Four newspapers are pub- lished weekly, the '■ Kennebec Journal" (whig), the " Ago" (dem.), the " Maine Farmer" (agric.), and the " Go!!^i>el Banner." The Kennebec and Portland R. R. terminates here, connecting the v. with Portland and other New England cities, and steamboats ply regularly between this place and the principal north Atlantic ports. Pop. S,225 &1 AUG AuGDSTA, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Afiss. : on Leaf CT., a branch of I'ascaj;oula r., 100 m. S. E. Jackson. AufiuSTA, p. v., Bt. Charles cc, Mo. : 80 m. E. by N. Jef- ferson City. Augusta, p. v., Sussex co., N. Jer.: 62 m. N. Trenlon. Adgusta, p. v., Oneida co., N. Y. : on Shanandoah cr., 90 m. W. by N. Alhanj. Augusta, t. and p. v., Carroll co., Ohio : on a tributary of Sandy cr., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 1,297. Augusta, t and p. o., Northumberland co., Pmrn. : on E. bank of Susquehanna r., 8s m. N. Ilarrisburg. AuiiAN'8 Hill, p. o., Montgomery co., jV. Car. : 78 m. 8. W. Ealeigh. AuKAEiA, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : on a branch of Chat- tahoochee r., 108 m. N. W. Milledgcville. Gold is found in the vicinily, and hence its name. AuEELiA, p. v., Washington co., OMo : in N. W. part of CO., on Duck cr., 86 m. E. by S. Columbus. AuRELius, L and p. v., Cayuga co., A^. Y. : between the ootlela of Cayuga and Owasco lakes, 148 m. W. Albany. AuRiES\nLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., JV; }' ; on the S. bank of the Mohawk, and on the Erie Canal, 42 m. W. N. W. Albany. AuEORA, p. v., Marshall co., Jl?in. ; 10 m. W. of llartfunl. and a station on New Haven and Nortbamj>ton ]:. R., 37 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,995. Avon, p. v., St. Genevieve co , Mo. : 122 m. E. 8. E. Jef- ferson City. Avon, t. and p. v.. Rock co., Wise. : on Sugar cr., 36 m. S. Madison. Pop, 558 Avon, t and p. v., Franklin co., 3fe.: on Sandy r.,33m. N. W. Augusta. Avon, t. and p. o., Ionia co., Midi.: 32 m. W. N. W. Laming. AVO BAK Avon, t and p. t., Livingston co., Jf. Y. : 1C2 in. W. Albany. Pnp. 2,807, Aton, t. ami p. v., Lorain eo., Ohio: on Lake Erie, 114 m. N. N, E. CtJhiinbus. AvoNDALE, p. v., Chester co., Pe/m. : 66 m. 8. E. Ilar- risburg. Avon Lake, p. o., Lorain co., OhJo: 116 m. N. N. E. Columbus. AxEviLLE, p. v., Cattaraugus oo., K Y. : 218 m. "W. by 8. Albany. Ayeksville, p. v.. Defiance co., Ohdo: 132 m. N. "VV. Columbus. Ayeksvillk, p. v., Stokea eo., N. <.\ir. : 113 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Atlettes, p. o., King William eo., Virff.: 25 m. N. E. Kichmond. Azalia, p. v., Bartholomew co., Ind. : on E. .litle of E. fork of White r., 43 m. 9. S. E. Indianapolis. Aztalan, p. v., Jefferson co., iVisc : 27 m. E. by 8. Madison. B. Baboook Hill, p. o.. Oneida co., Ji. Y. : 88 m. W. N. W Albany. Babcock'8 Grove, p. o., Du Page co., lU,: 160 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Babylon, p. v., Suffolk co., 2i. Y.: on Great South Bay, 142 m. 8. 8. E. Albany— a pleasant and fashionable sum- mer resort. Bachelor's Geove, p. o., Rock co., Wise: 37 m. 8. by E. Madison. Bachelor's Hall, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : IIS m. W. 8. W. Richmond. Bacueloii's IIomk, p. o., Lee co. Virg.: 296 m. W. by S. Richmond. Bachelor's Retreat, p. o., Pickens co., *S. Oar, : 119 m. N. W. Columbia. Bachman's Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : at the head of Big Pipe cr, 56 m. N. W. Annapolis. Back Creek, 3Id. : :i large cr. of Elk r., which, with tlic Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, forms a navigable pas- sago across the neck of the peninsula Back Ckkek Valley, p. o., Frederick co., Virg. : in the valley of Back cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 128 m. N. by W. Richmond. Back River. Md. : a large inlet of Chesapeako Bay, E. of Susquehanna r. Bacon's Castle, p. o., Surry co., Vtrg. : 51 m. S. E. Rich- mond. Bad Axe county, Wise. Situate E. of Mississippi r., and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Kickapoo, Bad Axe, and Raccoon rivers. Surface generally evel, with large bot- toms on the Mississippi: soils deep and rich. Erected since 1850. Bad Axe, p. v., Bad Axe co., Wise. : on Bad Axe r., a tributary of the Mississippi, 9S m. W. by N. Madison. Badger, p. o., Fond du Lac co., WUic. : 70 m. N. E. Madison. Bagdad, p. v., Smith co., Tenn. : 52 m. E. N. E. Nash- ville. Bagdad, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 9S m. W. by N. Jef- ferson City. Bahama Channei,, or Gulf of Florida, llie narrow sea between tlio coast of the United States and the Bahama Islands, 185 m. long and 46 in mean breadth. The currents here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked in passing through this strait, Baileysburgh, p. v.. Perry co., Penii.: on the line of the Pennsylvania R. R., 2-3 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Bailey's Creek, p. o., Osage co., Mo.: on a creek so called, falling into the Missouri r., 'lA iii- K. Jefferson City. Bailey Creek, p. o., Tioga co., renn. : 105 m. N. by W Harrisburg. Bailey's Four. Corners, p. o., (Jreeue co., N. Y. ; 88 m S. 8. W. Albany. Baileyville, t. and p. v., Waahington co.. Me.: on St Croix r., irnmediattily 8. of the outlet of Sehoodic Lakes, 126 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pot>.431. Bainbridge, p. v., Macon co., Ala.: 52 m. E. Mont^ gomery. Bainbridge, p. v., and cap. Decatur eo., Ga. : on E. s.ide of Flint r., IGO m. S. 8. W. Millc^Jgiiville. BAiNBRiit«i% p. v., I*u[n;im co., Ind. : an Walnut fork of Eel r., 40 m. W. Indianapolis. Bainbuioge, p. v., Williamson co., ///. : on a brancli of Big Muddy r., 142 m. S. by E. Springfield. Bainbridge, p. v., Christian co., Ky.: 170 m. W. 8. W Frankfurt. Bainbridge, t and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : 102 m. W. 8. W. Lansing. Bainishidge, p. v., Ross co., Ohio: on S. .side Paint cr., a tributary of the Suioto r., and near the fulls. 54 m. 8. by W. Columbus. A branch of the Cincinnati. Uillsboro'. and Parkersburg R. R. terminates here. Bainbridge, p. v., Lancaster co., Penii.: on Uie N. E. bank of Susquehanna r., 17 m. 8. E. Ilarrisburg. Bainbridge, t. and p. v., Chenango co.. A1 Y. : on Sus- quehanna r., 96 m. W. by 8. Albany. Pop. 3,.SS8. BAiNimiDGK, p. v., Robertson co., Tenn. : 2S m. N. by W. Nashville. Bairdstown, p. v., Oglethorpe t>o.. G^Iiocton co., Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E, Columbus. Bakersville, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. si ducLs. $2it,416.511 ; of these establishments, 71 arc blacksmith, 356 boot and shoe, 111 cabinet ware, 120 cigar, 23S cloth- ing, 26 coach and carriage, 10 brass founding, IS iron fonnd- ing, 10 gunsmith, 12 machine, 10 piano-forte, 17 printing and publishing. 24 sail-making, 21 ship-building, 13 ship- joiner, 16 ship-smith, 31 silver-smith, etc., 19 stove, 15 weav- ers, 21 wheelwright, and 10 whitesmith — the remainder va- rious, and of common interest. As a commercial city Baltimore ranks next to New Or- leans among the southern ports. It hiis an immense inland trade, which will be greatly increased when the lines of communication are completed to a junction with those of Ohio and other western States. In 1S50, the principal re- ceipts from the interior for consumption and export, were : Cumberland coal, 146,645 tons, and anttiracite, lOO.iiOO tons ; wheat, 2,6u0,000 bushels (about 1,750,000 bushels taken by millers. an.D, fr. cM. oil, si. 14,005— total '2G,C0S. Capital : Caruwell. Public Works : Sontli Carolina li. 11. IIaunwki.l, p. v., and cap. Barnwell dist., S. Car.: on Turliey er., near Saliiahatchie r., 57 m. S. S. W. Columbui. liAHitACK&viLLK, p. V., Marion co., Virg. Bai:i:r, t. and p. v., "vV'orccsler co., Mass.: on Ware r, 5ii ni. W. Boston. Two newspapers, the "Barre Tatiiol" and the "Barre Gazelle," aro issued weekly. Pop. 2,076. Barer, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ven)i. : on Onion r., S m. S. by E. Montpelier. The town furnishes fino building granite : the State House at Montpelier is con- etnieted of niulerial furnished from its quarries. Pop. ],8?5. Barre Ckntre, p. o., Orleans co., JV. Y. : 226 m. W. Al- bany. Barren county, Ay. Situate S. centrally, and conlains C4G sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Big Barren, an arm of Green r. Surface uneven, and sometimes roll- ing, and soils of average fertility, producing largely tobacto and the cereals. Farms 1,S13; manaf. 33; dwell. 2,607, and pop.— wh. 15,543, fr. col. 113, si. 4,5S4— total 20,240. Capital: Glasgow. Public Works: Nabhville and Lex- ington R. B. Barrkn. p. o., Harrison co., Ind. : 112 m. S. Indianapolis. Barren, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn. : 22 m, S. Nashville. Barren Creek Si-kings, p. o., Somerset co., ^fd. : on N. Bi'le Barren er. of the Nanticoke, 55 ra. S. E. Annajxilis. Barren Gbove, p. o., Bureau co., lU.: 54 m. N. Spring- field. Barren Hill, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn.: 92 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Barren Hill, p. o., Henry co., Tenn.: SS m. W. by N. Nashville. Barren Plain, p. o., Robertson co., Temi. : 26 m. N. Nashville. Barren Kidge, p. o., Vanzant co., Tex.: 2SS m. N. N. E. Austin City. Barren rivers, (Big and Little), Ky. : tributaries of Green r. Barrettsville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 106 m. N. W. Milledgcville. Babreville, p. v., M'Henry co., TIL: on W. side Fox r., ISS m. N. E. Springfield. Barrington, p. v., C*>ok co.. lU. : in N. W. part of co., 182 m. N. E. Springfield. Barrington, t. and p. v., Strafford co., N. I/anip. : 2S m. E. Concord. The " Devil's Den," a curious cave with several large chambers, exists under this town — one of the chambers is 60 feet long, 10 to 15 feet high, and 8 wide. It has also numerous small lakes, the outlets of which afford water power. Pop. 1,754. Harrington, L and p. v., Tates co., JV. }' ; on E. side of Crooked Lake, 176 m. W. Albany. Pop, 1,556. BiKKiNGTON, t. and p. v., Bristol eo., P. I. : S m. E. 9. E. Providence. Pop. 795.' Barr's Stuue. p. o., Macoupin co., III. : 42 m. 8. W. Springfield. Barry county, Afirh. Situate W. centrally, and contains 570 sq. m. Drained by Thorn Apple r., a tributary of Grand r., and in the S. by streams flowing fo the Kalamazoo. Surface undulating, well limbered, and soils fertile. Farms 733: manuf. 26; dwell. 1,037, and pop.— wh. 5,033, fr. col. 89— tfital 5,072. Capital: Hastings. I'.ARRY eounly. ^fo. Situate S. W. on the SUite line, and contains fi.Vi sq. m. Drained E. by tributaries of White r. and W. l)y tlie head waters of Neosho r. of the Arkansas. Surface undulating; in the W. and middle hilly and broken. Timber abnndauL Farms 3St); nianuf. 2 ; dwell. 544, and pop.— wh. 3,317, fr. eol. 0, si. 150— total 3,467. Capital: Cass vi lie. Barry, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn.: on Deep cr. of the Susquehanna, 4-1 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Barry, p. v., Pike co.. III.: 7S m. W. Springfield. Bai:rv, p. v., Lawrence co., Ark:: 113 m. N. N. E. Lit- tle Bock. Barp.y, p. v., Frederick co., Md.: 62 m. W. N. W. An- napolis. Barry, p. v., Jackson co., Mich.: on Sandsione cr., and on the line of tho Michigan Central E. K., 30 oi. S. Lan- sing. Barry, p. v., Clay co., Mo. : 136 m. W. N, W. Jefferson City. Bahry, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 126 m. N. N. E. Co- lumbus. Barry's Bciugc, p. o., Lunenburg co., Virg.: 06 m. 3. W. liiflimond. Barryton, p. v., Choctaw co. (formerly cap. Washington CO.), Ala.: nn Oka Tappah cr. ofTombigbce r., US m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Bav.rytown, p. v.. Duchess co., N. Y.: on E. side of Hudson r., 45 m. 9. Albany. Baruvville, p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y.: 93 m. S. W. Al- bany. Barryville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 112 m. N. W. Co- lumbus. Baiit, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn : at the head of ( tclarara er., 4'? m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. S,o3S. Barter Brook, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: 9S m. W. liichmond. Bartholomew county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 405 sq. m. The priucipal streams are Driflwo<»d r.. Flat Rock er., and Clitly cr., which have extensive bottoms. Surface hilly and broken in the W., but elsewhere level or undulating. In the bottoms the soil is a rich alluvion mix- ed 'With disintegrated limestone and gravel ; tho liilly parts have a clay soil. Every part of the county is well adapteil to agricullure. Farms 1,249; manuf. 49; dwell. 2,149, and pop.— wh. 12.346, fr. eol. S2— total 12,428. Capital: Co- lumbus. Ptdilic Worku : Madison and Indianapolis E. E., and the Columbus and JefTersonville R. R. Bartholomew, p. o., Drew c»., Ark.: on E. side Bayou Barlhnlomew. 104 m. S. E. Little Rock. Baktlett, t. and p. v., Coos co., N. Hanip. : on Saco r., at the foot of the While mts., 6S m. N. E. Concord. P. 761. BARTLinT, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 76 m. S. E. Co- lumbu-i. Barton, t and p. v., Tioga co., 2^. Y. : on the Susque- hanna and Chemung rivers, 1'2S m. W. 9. W. Albany. Barton, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Verin.: on Barton r., 36 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 9S7. Barton, p. v., Lowndes co., Miss. : 123 m. N. E. Jack- son. Barton, p. v., Wa^ington co.. Wise. : 76 m. E. N. E. Madison. Barton Hili^ p. o., Schoharie co., ^K Y. : 33 m. W. Al- bany. Barton's Creek, p. o., Dickson co., Tenn.: 42 m. W. Nashville. Barton's Landinq, p. o., Orleans co., Venn. Bartoxsville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 112 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Bartonbvu.le, p. v., Windham co., Venn.: 92 ra. S. Montpelier. Ba6an, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: 84 m. 8. E. Columbus. Bascobel, p. v., Jackson co., Ga.: 74 m. N. by W. Mil- ledgevillo. Bascom, p. o., Senecji eo., Ohio : SO m. N. N. W. Columbus. Base Lake, p. o., Washtenaw co., Midi.: 46 m. S. E. Lansing. 5T BAS BAT IJasiiam*s Gap, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 143 m. N. by "W. Mnnlgnmcry. ]>asiiam's Mills, p. o., Johnson co., Ark.: S3 m. W. by N. Lililc Kock. Basui, p. v., Clark co., Ala. : 9S m. S. W. Montgom- ery. Basin Knob, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : 102 m. TV", by N. Jefferson City. Baskrnkidge, p. v., Somerset co., N. Jer. : 42 ra. N. by E. Trenton, memorable for the capture of Gen. Lee by the Englisii ill the lievolutinnary War. Basnettville, p. v., Marion co., VirQ. Bass Lake, p. o., Dane co., Wlic. Bass IIivek Hotel, p. o., Burlington co., JV. Jer. : 57 m. B. K. Trenlon. Basti'.oi* county. Tea: Situate S. W. on Colorado r., and contains about 1,400 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Ihe Colorado, which lraverse3 the county from N. W. to S. E. Surface generally elevated and undulating — in the N. some low hUIs. The streams arc fringed with heavy timber, between which arc small and beautiful prairies. Soils a deep black mold mixed with sand. Indigo and wild grapes grow siiontanenuj'ly, and the lands are highly favorable for cotton. Farms 219; manuf. 9; dwell. 377, and p„p._\vh. 3,1S0, fr. col. 0, 8l. 919— total 4,099. Otpitul : Bastrop. Bastuop, p. v., and cap. Morohause par., La. : on W. side of Bayou Bartholomew, 162 m. N. by V>'. Baton liougo. Bastp.op, p. v., and cap. Bastrop co., 71=0'. .■ on N. side liio Colorado, 26 m. E. S. E. Austin City. It is the centre of a rich agricultural country, and has great advantages as an interior commercial village. Baiavia, p. v., Kane co.. Hi.: on the Aurora branch of the GaUna and Cliicago Union It. U., 86 ra. W. Chicago, nnd 194 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Batavia, t., p. v., and cap. GcTiesee co., X. Y.: onTona- wanda cr., 226 m. "W. Albany. Several railroads terminate at and pass through the place ; and there arc two newspa- pers, Ihe " Bepublican Advocate" (whig), and the " Spirit of the Times" (dem.), issued weekly. It rs a neat village, and has considerable trade. Pop, oft 4461. Batavia, t and p. v.. Branch co., Mic/i. : on Southern Micliigan R. E., 60 m. S. Lansing. Pop. 724. Batavia, p. v., and cap. Clermont co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the E. fork of Little Miami r., &S m. S. W. Colum- bus. The *' Clermont Sun" (dem.), and the " Clermont Courier" (whig), are published weekly. The village has some manufactures. Batavia Kill, p. o., Delaware eo., 3'". }' ; 77 m. S. "W. Albany. Bateman's Store, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : 42 m. S. S. AV. Milletlgeville. Bates county. Mo. Situate S. "W. on State line, and con- tains 7S0 sq, m. Drained by tributaries of Osage r. Sur- face undulating— principally prairie, and soils very fertile. Timber plentiful on the rivers. Farms 472 ; dwell. 62G, and pop._wh. 3,520, fr. col. 8, si. 140— total 3,663. Capital: Batesville. Batesville, p. v., and cap. Independence co., A?'k. : on left bank of White r., 7S m. N. N. E. Little Bock. Fop. 8i-\ Batesville, p. v., Habersham co., Oa. : 133 m. N. by \V. Milled gcville. Batesville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 92 m. E. Colum- bns. Batesville. p. v., and cap. Bates co. {formerly Harmo- ny Mission), Mo,: on N. bank of Osago r., 126 m. W. Jef- ferson City. Bath county, AT?/. Situate N. E., and contains 260 sq. m. Drained by Slate and other creeks, tributaries of Lick- ing r., which forms its K. liordor. Surface occasionally hilly with much level or rolling lands; and the soils very fertile. The chief products consist of the cereals and to- bacco. Farms 1,01S; manuf. 'I'i; dwell. 1,595, and pop.— wh. 9,477, fr. col. 102, si. 2,5-15— total 12,114. Capital. Offingsville. Batu county, Virg. Situate centrally among the Alle- ghanies, and contains 756 sq. m. Watered by the head streams of James r., flowing E., and of Greenbrier, flowing W. to the Ohio. It is an elevated hilly country, and con- tains a luimber of medicinal springs. Soils very fertile in the valleys, producing grain, and fcetling thousands of cat- tle and sheep. Fanns 261; manuf 17; dwell. 410. and pop.— wh. 2,436, fr. eol. 43, si. 947— total 3,426. CapiUtl: Balh C. H. Bath, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : (see Miseeville). Batu, p. v., and cap. Mason co., JU. : on the E. bank of Illinois r., 3S m. N. W. Springfield. Bath, t, p. c, and sea-port, Lincoln co.. Me. • on W. bank of Kennebec r., 12 ni. from tlie ocean, and 2S S. Au- gusti. It is one of the principal commercial towns of the Slate, and is largely engageil in ship-building. Tonnage, 103,626 tons, of which 76,606 tuns are employed in foreign commerce. A branch of the Keunebec and Portland R. R., 9 ni. long, connects the place with the general railroad sys- tem of the V. S. Six newspapers are published here — tho " Nortliern Tribune" (whig), trr-weekly and weekly; the "Eastern Times" (dem.) ; the "Weekly Mirror" (neutral), and the "Sagadahock Beview" (neutral), weekly; and the " Journal of Education," semi-monthly. Pop. S,020. Bath, p. v., Beaufort co., Ji. Car.: on a cr. of Pamlico Sound, 12S m. E. Baleigh. Batu, I. and p. 0., Grafton co., J^. I/amp.: on Ammo- noosuc r., at its confluence with Connecticut r., 69 m. N. N. E. Concord. At the v. the Ammonoosnc is crossed by a bridge 350 feet long. Pop. oft 1..M4. Batu, t, p. v., and cap. Steuben co.. A' Y. : on the C-on- hoeton r.. 173 m. W. S. W.Albany. The "Steuben Cou- rier" (whig), the " Farmer's Advocate," and " Steuben Democrat" (dem.), arc published weekly. The village is an important station on the BnlTalo, Corning, and New Vork City E. R., and has a large number of flourishing flour and saw mills. Pop. of t 6,185. Batu. t and p. v.. Summit eo., Ohio: on a cr. of Cuya- hoga r.. lOS m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,400. Batu, p. v., Northampton co., Ptvin. : 90 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Batu, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Virg. : 132 m. W. N. W. Biehmond. The village is noted for its medicinal springs: Uie Warm Spring at this place has a temperature of 96© Fahr.^ and about 6 m. S. W. arc hot springs, the temptra- ture being 112^^; these are much visited. Pop. 307. Bath Alum, p. v., Bath co., Virg. Batu Spbtng, p. o., Decatur co., Tenn. Baton Rouge, East, parish, La. Situate on the E. bank of Mississippi r., and contains 2SS sq. m. The lands are well drained by numerous streams, tributaries of Amitie r., which borders it E. Surface slightly elevated above flood mark. Soils productive of com, cotton, and sugar. Farms 287, dwell. 1,044, and pop.— wh. 5,347, fr. col. 279, si. 6,351 —total 11,977. CO'pital: Baton Rouge. Baton Rouge, AVest, parish, la. Situate W. side of Mississippi, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by creeks and bayoux falling into Bayou Atehafalaya, which borders it S. and W. Surface low, level, and subject to inundation, except along the streams where the land is slightly elo- vatod. Cotton is the principal production. Farms 1S8 ; dwell. 302. and pop.— wh. 1,S1S. fr. cot 102, si. 4,350— total 6,270. Capital: West Bnton Rouge. Bato?j Rouge, p. v., and cap. Easi Baton Rouge par., Jm., and cap. of the State of Louisiana : on E. bank of Mis- sissippi r., 245 m. from its mouth, and 1,120 S. W. Washing- ton. It is the site of an U. S. barracks, and contains tlie Slato House, the Louisiana Penitent iarj". county ofliccs, and other handsome public and private dwellings. It is mostly built upon an elevated plain, some 25 or 80 feet above the river, the business portion being at the ^bot of the bluff. The BAT BEA '•Baton Kouge Gazette." and ''Democratic Advocate," are publisho.i wtH'kly. Ti.p. 3,905. Baton Rougz, C. II., p. v., and cap. West Baton Kouge, La. : on the W^. side of the Mississippi r., immedialt'ly oppo- Bile Baton llouffe. Baton Rouge, p. v., Chester di^., S. Car. : 62 m, N. Co- lumbia. BATTAnATCOTE fiver, Aia. and Miss. : a tributar>' of Tom- bigbee r.— it rtsos in AJabama, and after a course of 70 m. diacmbognes in Monroe co., Miiis. Batten Kill, a tribtitary of the Hudson r. from Vermont. It has a course of about 50 m., in which it furnishes many excellent mill sites, and falls into the Hudson below Fort Miller Bridge. Battentille, p. v., ^Viishington co., jV. Y. : 33 m. N. E. Albany. Battleborottgh, p. v., Edgecomb co., 2^. Car. : 46 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Battle Creek, p. v.. Calhoun co., MicJi. : at the junction of Battle cr. and Kalamazoo r., 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Central K. R. intersects the v. 120 m. \V. Detroit. Battle Creek, p. o,, Marion co., Tenn. Battle Creek. Mich. : the largest branch of Kalamazoo r. It is about 40 m. long, aod furnishes many good mill sites. Battlefield, p. 0., Lauderdale co., Mi^e.: 88 m. E. Jackson. Battle Ground, p. o., Tippecanoe co., I/uf. : on the W. side Tippecanoe r., 66 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Famons as the scene of General Harrison's viotor>' over the Indians. Bau-mbtottn, p. v., Berks co., Fenn. : 52 m. E. by N. Uar- risburg. Batington, p. 0., "Washington co., Peivn.: 192 m. W. Harrisburg. Baxter's, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : 50 m.'W. Columbus. Bat, p. o., Pope CO., JU,: on Big Bay or., 188 m. 8. S. E. Springfield. Bay Hundred, p. o., Talbot co., Md. : on E. side of East- ern Bay of the Chesapeake, 23 m. 8. E. Annapolis. Bay Mount, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 132 m. E. Nash- viUe. Bayou Chicot, p. v., St. Landry par., La. : 66 m. W. N. W. Baton Rouge. Bayou Goula, p. v., Iberville par., La. : 22 m. W. by S. Baton I'.ouge. Bayou Pierre, p. o., Caddo par., La. : 172 m. N, W. Ba- ton Rouge. Bayou Ramois, p. c, St. Mary's par.. La.: 53 m. 8. "W. Baton Rouge. Bayou Rouge, p. o., Avoyelles par., La.: 5S m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Bay's Bottom, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 9S m. S. E. Co- lumbus. Pop.-1.302. BiizETT, p. o., Navarre co,, Ttxe. : on the W. side of Trin- ity r.. 210 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Bazetta, L and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 145 m. N. E. Columbus. Beacji Branch, p. o,, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 112 m. S. Columbia. Beach Grove, p. o.. Lucerne co., Pejvn.: 102 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Beacu Haven, p. v., Lucerne co., Pmn. : 9S m. N. E. Harrisburg. Be,\cit Hill, p. d., TTlster co., K. Y. : 72 m. 9. Albany. Beath Land, p. o., Cliatlooga co., Ga. : 162 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Beale'8 Mills, p. o., Juniata co., P<»in. : ;i4 m. W. Har- risburg. Beallsvtlle, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 20S ra. W. by B. Harrisburg. Beali^ville, p. v., Monroe co., OMo : 104 m. E. Co- JumbuB. Beamstille, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: 93 m. W. Columbus. Bean Blossom, p. o., Brown co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, 8S m. S. Indianapolis. Bean's Station, p. o., Grainger co., Teun. : ISS ra. E. by N. Nashville. Beantown, p. v., Charles co., Md. : 33 m. S. W. Aiiha- polis. Bear Branch, p. o., Duplin co., 21. Cm\ : 52 m. S. S. E. Raleigh. Bear Beanch, p. o., Ohio co., Ind. : 86 m. S. E. Indian- apohs. Bear Creek, p. o., Jay co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, a tributary of Wabash r., 62 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. Be.ve Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., III. : 46 m. S. Spring- field. Bkae Creek, p. o., Cedar co., Mo.: on a cr. so called, a tributary of Sac r. of the Ossage, 60 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Bear Creek, p. o., Poweslriek co., la.: 46 m. W. Iowa City. Bear Creek, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 86 m. N. E. Har- risburg. Bear Creek, p. a, Montgomery co., Ohio. : 82 m. W. Columbus. Bear Creek, p. o.. Sank oo., Wt^c. : 48 m. W. by N. Ma- dison. Beak Creek, p. o., Pickens co., Ala.: 124 m. N. W. Montgomery. Bear Creek, p. o., Sabine co., Tecc. : 246 m. E. Austin City. Beard's Bluff, p. o., Marslicll co., Ala. : 182 m. N. Montgomery, Beardstown, p. v., and cup. Cass co.. III. : on E. side of the Illinois r., 48 m. W. by N. Springfield. Beardstown, p. v., Perry co., Ttmn. : 73 m. S. "VV. Naah- Tille. Bear Gap, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 72 m. N. Harrisburg. Bearmont, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 52 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Bear Range, p. o., Autauga co., Ala.: 23 m. N. W. Montgomery. Beaesville, p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 69 ra. S. 8. E. Albany. Beartow'n, p. v., Lancaster co., Pentu : 48 m. 8. E. Har- risburg. Bbar Wallow, p. o., Barren co., Ky.: 103 m. S. by W. Frankfurt. Beasei.ey, p. 0., Jefferson co., Flor. Beatie's Bluff, p. o., Madison co., Miss.: 32 m. N. by E. Jackson. Eeattie's Ford, p. o., Lincoln co., iVI Car.: 142 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Beatty's BEmOE, p. o., Bladen co., M Car. : 84 m. S. Raleigh. Bhaty's Mills, p. o., Marion co., Virg. Beatystown, p. v., Warren co., A'. Jer.: on Muscone- teong cr., at the ^\^ base of Schooley'e mt., 52 ra. N. Tren- ton. Beaufort county. A1 Gir. Situalo E. on Pamlico and Pungo rivers, and contains 67(* sq. m. Surface flat, and subject to inundation. Cotton and riee the sluples. Farms .594; manuf. 73; dwell. 1,G63, and pop.— wh. T,663, fr. col. 904, si. 5,249— total 13,816. Capital: Washington. Beaufort district, S. Car. Situate in S. AV. comer of (he State, and contains 1,120 S(i. m. Facing 8. E. on the Atlantic, and lying between the Savannah and Cambahee rivers, and drained by Uieu- tributaries and the C^iosawat- chio r. The coast is lined with a numbf r of island*, the largrsl of which are Hilton Head, St. Helena, an.l Port Royal, which form a number of canals and inlets. Surface-: low and marshy, and sr»il generally sandy. The chief pro- ducts are Indian com, rice, and cotton. FarniH S42 ; manuf. IS ; -dwell. 1,MS5. and pop.— wh. 5,945, fr. col. 5Sl, si. 32,279 — loL-il 3K.905. CapitJ. E. Coliinibiis. Pop. 1,SM. Bedford, U, p. v.. and cap. Bedford co., Penn. : on Boys- town branch of Juniata r., S}\ m. \V. by S. Harriiburg. It is pleasantly situate in the midst of a mountain valley, and ia celebrated for its mineral springs. Three newspapers, the " B. Gazette" (dem.), llic "Jackson Democrat," and the " Democratic Inquirer" (whig), are published weekly. The accommodations for visitors arc ample- Pop. 1,203. Bedfokd Station, p. o., Westchester co., K, Y. : on the line of the Harlum E. P., 42 m. N. New York City. Bkdi, p. o., Grimes co., Tor. .- 132 m. E. Austin City. Bee Br.vsch, p. o., Pettis co., 3fo. : 66 ra. W. by N. Jef- ferson City. Bee' of Hudson r.. S7 m. S. Albany. Pop. 1,5S5. Beeeman'8 Mills, p. o., Somerset co., A'^ Jer. : 22 ra. N. by E. Trenton. Eeekuantown, t. and p. o., Clinton co., K. Y. : on Lake Champlain, 140 m. N. Albany. In the W. part of the town are the lakes Cliazy and Chateaugua, the sources of the r. of tlie same name. Pop S,<^54. Peeler's Station, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : 240 m. N. W. Richmond. Bef, Line. p. o., Allegan co., MicA. ; 60 ra. W. Lansing. Beemerville, p. v., Sussex co., iV. Jer. : 73 m. N. Tren- ton. Bee Ridge, p. o., Knox co., Mo.: 112 m. N. Jefferson City. Beesley's Point, p. o., Cape May co., K. Jer. : 92 ra. S. Trentun. Beetown, p. v.. Grant co., Wise: 69 m. W. by S. Mad- ison. Beetree, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : SS m. N. E. Co- lumbia. Begley'8, P.O., Perry co., Kij. : 122 m. S. E. Frankfort. Belair, p. o.. Richmond co., Go.: on the line of the Georgia R. R., 11 m. W. Augusta, and 6S m. E. N. E. Mil- led geville. Bel-Air, p. v., and c,^p. Harford co., Md. : between Wintj_T's and Bynham's Runs, 89 m. N. Annapoli.^. A newspaper, the " Gazette," ta issued weekly. Tho country in the vicinity comprises one of the finest agricultural dis- tricts of the Stale. Belair, p. o., Lancaster disU, S. Car. : 6S m. N. by E. Co- lumbia. Belcher, p. o., W;ishington co., X. Y. : 42 m. N. by E. Albany. Relcuertown, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 63 m. W. by S. Boston. Eelden, p. v., M'Henry co., lU. : 189 ra. N. E. Spring- field, Belew's Creek, p. o., Stokes co., N. Car. : lOS im W. N. W. Raleigh. Belfast, L, p. c, seaport, and cap. Waldo co., Me.: at the head of Belfast Bay, on the W. side of Penobscot r., 30 m. from the ocean, and 37 m. E. Augusta. The harbor is spacious, ami sufficieinly deep for the largest vessels. The principal exports arc lumber and fish. Ship-huilding is ex- tensively engaged in : in 1S50, 32 vessels, and 6.215 Ions, were built. The shipping belonging to the district amounts to 45,5y5 t<)ns, chiefly employed in the coasting trade, and the cod and mackerel fislieries. There are two newspapers piibli.-ihed here, the "State Signal," and the "Republican Journal," both democratic, and issued weekly. It has reg- ular communication by steamboat with the ports north and south. Pop. 5,052. Belfast, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., N. Y. : on Genesee r., 233 m. W. by S. Albany. The Genosre Valley Canal here leaves the river, and passes S. W. up the valley of Black cr. Belfast, p. v.. Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. S. W. Colum- bus. Belfast, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. ; 39 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. liELFAST, p. o., Marshall co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. Nashville. Belfof.d, p. o., Nash co., N. Car. : on Swift cr., 46 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Belgrade, t. and p. v., Kennebec CO., Me. : 10 m. N. Au- gusta. The town is almost surrounded by beautiful lakes, the outlets of which, in their course to the Kennebec, fur- nish extensive mill-power. The Androscoggin and Ken- nebec R. R. traverses the eastern edge of the town ; 67 m. N.E. Portland, and 15 S. W. Waterville. Belgrade Mills, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : at the outlet of one of the lakes on the edge of the town of Belgrade 16 m. N. Augusta. BnLKNAP county, iV. Hamp. Situate N. E., and contains 404 sq. ra. Drained hy Suncook and WJnnipiseogee rivers, the Merrimac, and several creeks of Winnipiseers, the " C. Bcriehter," and the " C. Democrat" (dem.), and the " Democratic Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,913. BELLEFoinfTAiN, p. V., Columbia co.» Wise: 88 m. N. E. Madison. BELLEF0u>TAnj, p. V., Mahaska co., la, : on the B. side of Des Moines r., 70 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Beli.e IIaten, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 112 m. E. by N. Kichmond. Belle Isle, p. o., Onondaga co., If. T. : 136 m. W. by N. Albany. Bellemont, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn, : 42 m. E. by S. llarrislnirg. Bellemonte, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo.: 114 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Belle Ombee, p. v., Ballard eo., Ki/.: 240 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Belle Point, p. o., Boone co., la. : 182 m- W. by N. Iowa City. Belle Point, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio : 27 m. N. Co- lumbus. Belle Peaieie, p. o., Ilamilton co., III. : 14S m. S. S. E. Springfield. Belle Eiteb, p. o., SL Clair co., ^fk:h. : 111 m. E. Lan- sing, on the r. so called, which falls into St, Clair r. after a course of upward of 50 m. Belle Vernon, p. o., Wyandott co., Ohio: 66 ra. N. by W. Columbus. Belle Veenon, p. o., Fayette co., Penrt-. : 153 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Belleview, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: 67 m. W. by S. Mil- led geville, Bellettew, p. o.. Rusk co., Tear. : 216 m. N. E. Austin City. Belleview, p. v., Calhoun co., lU.: on a beautiful prairie on the E. side of Bay cr, 69 ra. W. 8. W. Spring- field. Belleview, p. v.. Christian co., JCy. : 174 m. W. by S. Frankfort Belleview, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : 83 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Belleview, p. o., and cap. Bossier par.. La, : on E. side of Lake Bodeau, 210 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. Belleville, p. v., Conecuh co., Ala.: at the head of Murder cr. of Conecuh r., 78 m. S. W. Montgomery. Belleville, p. v., Desha co.. Ark. : 118 m. S. E. Little Rock. Belleville, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : 21 m. W. 8. W. Indianapolis. Bklleville, p. v., and cap. St Clair co.. Ill : on Rock- land or., 92 m. S. by W. Springfield. The site is elevated, and the surrounding country highly fertile. Three news- papers are published here — the " B. Advertiser'* (dem.), the '* Zeitung," a German paper (dem.), and the '* Illinois Re- publican" (whig). The village is one of the most flourish- ing of the interior. Pop. 2,941. Bellevillf-, p. v., Wayne co., Jfich. : 76 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Belleville, i. and p. v., Essex co., Ni Jer. : on W. side Passaic r., along which it extends :3 m., 57 m. N. E. Tren- ton. It ha? fine milling facilities and considerable manu- Cicturcs. Pop. 3,513. 62 Belleville, p. v., Jefierson co., J\' Y. : 1G8 m. W. N. W* Albany. It is situate on the Saekett's Harbor Branch R. R. BELLE^^LLE, p. o., Richland co., Ohio: on the S. side of Clear fork of Walhonding r., 50 m. N. by E. C'Olumbus, and on the line of the Columbus and Lake Erie R. R., 47 m. N. Newark. Belleville, p. v., Mifflin co., Penn,: 62 m. N. "W. HaT- risburg. Belleville, p. o., Roane co., Tetm.: 112 m. E. by S. Nashville. Belleville, p. v.. Wood co., Virg. : on E. side of Ohio r., 12 m. S. Parkersburg, and 256 W. N. W. Richmond. Belleville Poet, p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 36 m. N. by E. Boston. Bellevl'e, p. v., Huron co., Gido: 80 m. N. by E. Co- lumbus. Bellevue, t. and p. v., Eatnn co., J^ck. : on Battle cr., 82 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 769. Bellevue, p. v., Jackson co., la. : on W. bank of Missis- sippi r., 5S m. N. E. Iowa City. It is a place of considerable commercial activity. Pop. 865, Bellitaik Mills, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: 53 m. N. Richmond. BELLiNGnAJi. t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: on Charles r., 32 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,281. Bell Modnt, p. o., Somerset co., Md,: 76 m. S. E. An- napolis. Bellows' Falls, p. v., "Windham Co., Verm. : on the W. side of the Connecticut r., at the falls so called, 7S m. S. by E. Montpelier. There is a canal around the falls, which prolongs the navigation of the r. Much picturesque scenery surrounds the v. ; it is more celebrated, however, as a rail- road centre, than for any peculiar industry. Bell Plain, p. o., Marshall co.. III.: S6 m. N. by R Springfield. Bell Point, p. o., Giles co., Virg.: 1S2 m. W. by S, Richmond. Bellpoet, p. v.. Suffolk CO., K. T.: near Fire Place Bay, 138 m. S. S. E. Albany. Bellsbfegh, p. v., Dickson co., Tenn.: on S. side of Harpeth r., a Iributarj' of Cumberland r., 25 m. W. Nash- ville. Bell's Cross Roads, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 42 m. N. W. Kichmond. Bell's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., Alr2, fr. col. 77— t^jtal 13,539. Cap. iUil : Manchester. PidjU^ Works : Western Vermont R. R. ; Bennington Branch R. R. ; and the Bennington and New York R^ R. BEN^^NGTON, p. v., Hillsborough co., K JIamp. : 23 m. S. W. Concord. Bennington, p. v., Marion co., la. : on N. side of Des Moines r., 8S m. W. by S. Iowa City. Bennington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., y. Y. : on Cay- uga and Tonawanda creeks, 253 m. W. Albany. P. 2,406. Bbnnington, p. v., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on N. side of Looking-glass r., 23 m. N. E. Lansing. Bennington, t, and p. v., Morrow co.. Ohio : 83 m. N. by E. Columbus. Pop. 1,265. Bennington, p. v., Switzerhmd oo., Ind. : 90 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Bennington, t. and p. v., Bennington co.. Verm.: on a branch of Hoosic r., 93 m. S. by W. Montpelier. It hoa several mills, furnaces, and factories; and two newspapers, the '* State Banner" (whig), and the '* Vermont Gazette" (dera.), published weekly. A branch of the Western Ver- mont R. R. comes to the v- from N. Bennington. P. 3,923. Bennington Centre, p. o., Bennington co.. Verm.: 99 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Benson, p. v.. Hamilton co., JV. Y. : on Sacandaga r., 52 m. N. W. Albany. Benson, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on Lak-^ Champlain, .M m. ^. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,305. Benson's Landing, p. o., Rutland o)., Venn. : 56 m. 3. W. Montpelier. The lake is here about a mile wide. Bent Creek, p. o., Appomattox co., Vir. : 72 m. AV. by S. Richmond. Bentivoglio, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg, : 66 m. W. by N. Richmond. Bentlet's Cornkbs, p. o., Jefferson co., 2f. Y.: 142 m. N. W. Albany. 63 BEN BER Bentlet Creek, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 113 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Bentleyville, p. v., "Washington co., P&nn. : 28S m. W. by S. llarrisburg. Benton county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S0 Bq. m. Drained by the head waters of Tallapoosa r. and Beveral creeks of Coosa r. Surface generally elevated, level, or undulating. Well wooded on the streams; and soils highly fertile, producing wheat. Indian corn, and cotton. Gold is found within this county. Farms 1,227; niimuf. 81 ; dwell. 2,188, and pop.— wh. 13,397, fr. col. 3, si. 8,703— total 17,163. Capital: Jacksonville. i Bexton county. Ark. Situate N. "W. comer, and con- tains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of While and Illinois rivers, the latter a tribut.iry of Arkansas r. Surface hilly and broken. Soils indifferent. Farms 295; manuf. 5; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 3,506, fr. col. 1, si. 201 — total 8,710. CapiUil: Bentonville. Benton county, Flor. Situate W. of E. Florida, on the g:ulf, being bounded E. by Wilhlacoochee r. Drained by a number of streams falling to The sea. Surface fiat. Soils adapted to rice, cotton, and sugar. Farms S2; dwell. 113, and pop.— wh. 604, fr. col. 0, si. 822— total 926. Cajyital : Melendez. Benton county, Jnd. Situate N. "W., and contains 360 sq. m. Big and Little Pine creeks, which fall into the Wabash and Sugar cr., a tributary of the Illinvys, drain the greater part of the county. Surface level or undulating, and mostly prairie. Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the staple growths . Mt. Ncbo and Mt. Gilboa, are noted mounds in the N. part of the county. Farms 149; dwell. 160, and pop.— wh. 1,144, fr. col. — total 1,144. Capital: Ox- ford. Benton county, /a. Situate centrally, and contains 720 aq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its creeks. Surface level or undulating— prairie chiefly, and verj- productive. Farms 67; dwell. 121, and pop.— wh. 672, fr. col. 0— total 672. Capital : Vinton. Benton county, 3fimi. Situate E. side of Mississippi, and contains about 3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of the Mississippi. Surface varied, and many lakes. Timber of all kinds plentiful. Farms 20 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 71, and pop.— wh. 416, fr. col. 2~total 413. Cap- ital : Sauk Rapids. Benton county. Mo. Situate W. centrally, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Sur- face rolling— in some parts hilly and well timbered ; prairie covers three-fourths of the whole. The soils are excced- mgly fertile, and produce abundantly wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco, witii some cotton. Farms 510; manuf 10; dwell. 7S9, and pop.— wh. 4,546, fr. col. 9, si. 460— total, 5,1 15. Capital: Warsaw. Benton county, Oreg. Situate W. between the Paoiflc Ocean and the Willamette r., and drained chiefly by Marj-'s r., and other tributaries of the Willamette. Mt, SncUing, near the centre of the co., is the loftiest eminence. Soils along the Willamette valley exceedingly fertile, and the water- power afforded by that stream of great value. Contains 16,000 sq. m. Farms 110 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 149, and pop. — wh. SIO, fr. col. 4— total, S14. Capital: Marysville. Benton county, Te7m, Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and other creeks of Tennes- eee r., which lies on the E. border. Surface level or undu- lating, and BoUs generally fertile, producing abundantly grain and tobacco. Farms 706"; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 9S4, and pop.— wh. 5,031, fr. col. 21, si. 363— total, 6,315. CapiUd : Camden. Fuhlic Works: several K. R's. are projected, centering at Camden; one from XashvUlc, one to lloliy Springs, and one westward, via Dresden, to the Mississippi. Benton, p. v., Lowndes co., Ala. : 23 m. S. W. Mont- gomery. Benton, p. v., and cap. Saline co., Ark. : on N. side of eoline r., '^4 m. S. W. LitUe Keck. 64 Benton, p. v., Elkhart co., Ind. : on N. E. Bide of Elk- hart r., 120 m. N. Indianapolis. Benton, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., III. : on E. side of Big Muddy r., 120 m. S. by E. Springfield. The "B. Stand ard" (whig) is issued weekly. Benton, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., Ky.: on N. E. side Clark's r., 212 m. W. by S. FrankforL * Benton, p. v., and cap. Yazoo co., J/^.s«. .- at the head of a cr. of Big Black r., 31 m. N. by W. Jackson. Benton, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 51 m. S. E. Lan- sing. Benton, p. v., and cap. Scott co.. Mo. ; 6 m. W of Missis sippi r., and 169 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Henton, t. and p. v., Grafron eo., N. Haipp. : 59 m. N. by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal P. R. crosses the t. 78 n*. from ('oncord. Pop. 478, Benton, t. and p. o., Yales co., ^'. 1'.; 103 m. W. Al- bany. The p. 0. is located at Bellona. Pop. 3.^56. Benton, p. v.. Holmes co., Ohio: 76 m. N. E. Ck)!umbu3. Benton, p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : 63 m. N. by E. Har- risliurg. Benton, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Tfun. : on the N. E. side of Tocco r., a little E. of its junction with the Iliwass.'e r., 13S m. E. S. E. Nashville. Benton, p. v., Iowa co., Wise. : 37 m. W. Madison. Benton Centre, p. o., Yates co., JV' Y. : 194 m. W Albany. Benton Bidoe, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: 70 m. N. W Columbus. Benton's Poet, p. o., Tan Buren co., la. : on the E. side Des Moines r., 66 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Bentonsville, p. v., Johnson co., 2^. Car. : 21 m. 8. E. Ealeigh. Bentontille, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 54 m. E. by 8. Indianapolis. Bentontille, p. v., Adams CO., Ohio.: 70 m. S, by W. Columbus. Bentontille, p. t., Coffee co., Ala. : 73 m. 8. Mont- gomery. Bentontille, p. t., Warren co., Virg.: 103 m. N. by W. Richmond. Bentonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co., vlH-. ; at the head of Sugar cr. of Neosho r., 156 m. N. W. Little Rock. Eenvenue, p. o., Dauphin co., Petifi. : 13 m. N. Ilarris- burg. Benzinger, L and p. c, Elk co., Pmn. : 123 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Berea, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: at the falls of E. branch of Rocky r., IIS m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. K. passes through the - village, 12 m. S. W. Cleveland. Bepea, p. v., Granville co., K Car. Bergen county. A''. Jer. Situate N. E. on Hudson r., and contains 356 sq. m. Drained by Hackensaok, Saddle, and Raniapo rivers: surface various. The Pali^'iaifes, facing the Hudson, are in Bergen county. Soils moderately fer- tile, producing grain and potatoes. Farms 1,128; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 2,60G, and pop.— wh. 13,094, fr. col. 1,590, si. 41 —t. 1,052. Berlin, p. v., Sangamon co., lU. : on the Sangamon and Morgan R. R., 16 m. W. Springfield. Berlin, p. v., Worcester co., Md. : near the head of Trap cr.. 73 m. S. E. Annapolis. Berlin, t. and p. v.. Worcester co., Mass. : on a branch of Assabet r., 32 m. W. by N. Boston. Pop. S6fi. Berlin, p. v., Coos co.. A''. I/amp. : on a branch of Am- monoosuc r., 84 m. N. Concord. The Atlantic and St. Law- rence R. R. passes througli the town, 97 m. N. W. Portland. Berlin, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co,, A"". Y. : on Little Hoosic r., 22 m. E. Albany. P.>i). 205. Berlin, t. and p. v., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1.459. JJeri.in, p. v., Somerset co,, Penn.: 117 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Pop, 065. Berlin, p. v., Marshall co,, Te7m. : about 3 m, S. Duck r.. and 42 S. Nashville, Berlin, p. v., Southampton co., VirQ. : 51 m. S. by E. Richmond. Berlin, t. and p. v., Washington co., Vt^ivn.: on Onion r., 4 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Vermont Central R. R. traverses the t. above and below Montpelier. Pop, l.,507, Beklin Centbk, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 129 m. N. E, Columbus. 5 Beulin Cross Road3, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 65 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Berlin Falls, p. o., Coos co., IT. ITamp.: on Andros- coggin r., 87 m. N. by E. Concord. Beelinville, p. v., Erie co., Ohi4> : 97 m. N. N. E, Columbus. Bermuiuan, p. v., Adams co., Peiwi. : 21 m. S. by W. Harrisburg. Bernadotte, p. v., Fulton co., /?/. .• on Spoon r., 57 ni N. W. Harrisburg. Bernalillo county, K. Mex. Situate centrally on the Rio Grande, by the tributaries of which it is drained. Farms 164 ; dwel!. 1,684, and pop.— wh. 7,749, fr. col. 2— total, 7,751. Capitul : Bernalillo. Bernardstown, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : on W. side of Connecticut r., 76 m. W. by N. Boston. The Brat- tleborou'gh Branch of Vermont and Massachusetts R. R., and the Connecticut River R. R. form a junction in this locality. Pop. 937. Berne, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 17 m. W. Alba- ny, on Fox's cr. of Schoharie cr. Pop. 3,441. Berne, p. v., Moiu-oe co., Ohio: lUS m. E. by S. Colum- bus. Bei:niiard'9 Bay, p. V,, Oswcgo CO., N. Y. : 41 m. W. N. W. Alliiiny. Pop. 3,441. Berntille, p. v., Berks co,, Penn.: on W. side Schuyl- kill r.. 51 ni. E. by N. Harrisburg. Berrien county, Mich. Situate S. W. corner, .ind con- tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pawpaw, St. Joseph, and Ga- lien rivers. Surface various: the valleys have a rich loamy soil, and timber gnnvs heavily. Farms 690; manuf. 64; dwell. 2.126. and pop.— wh. 11.178, fr. col. 23S»— total, 11,417. i'apital: Berrien Sjiring. Puhlic Work^: Centr;d Michi- gan R. R. Berrien Springs, p. v., and cap. Berrien co., Mich. Berry, p. o., Dane co., TI7.sc. Bi^RRYSBDRG, p. V., Dauplijn c-o., Penn.: 31 m. N. Har- risburg. Berry's Ferry, p. o., Livingston co., Kij.: on Ohio r., opposite Golconda, 209 m. W, by S. Frankfort. Berry's Lick, p. o., Butler co., Ky. : 132 m. S. W, Frank- forL Bebby'b Mill, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : 172 m. W. by S, Frankfort. Bereysville, p. v., Knox co. Ind.: 97 m. S. W. Indiau- apolis. Berryton, p. v., Cass co., III.: on a cr. of Sangamon r., 29 m. N. W. Springfield. Berryvillr, p. v., and cap. Clarke co., Virg. : 111 in. N. by W, Richmond. Ber-siieha, p. v., Henry co., Ga. : 66 m. W. by N. Mil- ledgoville. Bertie county. N. Car. Situate N. E. on Albemarle Sound, and contains 680 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Chowan and Roanoke rivers, the latter of which bounds it S. Surface low and marshy, and the soils productive of Indian corn and cotton. The pineries are v.iluuble for naval stores. Farms 542; manu^ 5U ; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,344, fr. rol. 313. si. 7.194— toUil, 12,851. Capiful : Windsor. Rertrand, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mic/i. : on SL Joseph r., 98 in. S. AV. Lansing. Berwick, p. v., Warren co., 7?/.; on W. fork of Spoon r., S3 m. N. W. Springfield. liKRftiCK, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : S3 m. N. by W. Columbus. Berwick, p. v., Columbia co., P&nn.: on Susquehanna r., 63 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Pop, 4S6. Berzei.ia, p. v., Cobiml>ia co., Ga. : on the line of the Georgia R. R., 21 m. W. Augusta, and OS m. E. by N. Milledgeville. Bi?>TLAND, p. o., Essex CO., Virg.: 51 ni. N. E. Rich- mond. Bethany, t and p. t., New Haven co., Conn. : on W. 65 BET BIG Pop. Birte of Connectieut r., 27 m. S. S. W. Htirtford 914 BrrnA^Y, p. v., Panda CO., Tar..- 292 m. N. E. Amtm ^B^,iNT, t.and p. T., Genesee oo., K. Y.: on LHtle Tonawanda and Black creeks, 229 ". W. Albany The Buffalo and New York Cily K. R. passes through. P^,004. BETBANif, p. v., BuUer co., Ohw.: S9 m. "ft. S. W. Co- lumbus. K».™ BFrnANT, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Pmn. : on Dyberry or., 123 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. i^iANV, p. v., Brooke co., nrg. : 252 m. N. W. E.ch- "betoany, p. v., and cap. Harrison co.. Mo. : on Big cr. of the W. fork of Grand r., 153 m. N. W. Jefferson C.ty. B^niNY CnuncB, p. o., Iredell co.. A'. Car.: 11. m. W. ^ BcthIsia, p. v., Stokes co., Jf. a,r. : 100 m. ^S'. by N. Bethania, t., Lancaster co, I'enn, : 4S m. E. by 8 Harrislmrg. Has a prinlinj and book-bin-nn CO., Ga. : near the mouth of AJala- maha r., 163 m. S. E. Milledgeville. Bethei, p. v., Morgnii co., TU. : on the line of the Sanga- mon and Morgan P.. B., 45 m. W. Springfield. Bethel, p. v., Bath co.. Ay.: C9 m. E. Frankfort Bethel, t and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. ; on the Androscoj- gin r., « m. W. Augusta, and on the Atlantic and St. Lawrence B. E., TO m. from Portland. Pop. 2,253. Bethel, p. v., Shelby Co., Mo.: 93 m. N. Jefferson Bctiiel, p. v., Warae co., Ind.: 69 m. E. Indianapolis. Behiel, t. and p. v., Sullivan CO., y. Y. : on branches of Delaware r„ 113 m, S. W. Albany. Pop, 2,08T. Bcthel, p. v., Clermont Co., Ohic: 86 m. 8. W. Indian- apolis. „ „ Bethel, p. v., Berks eo., Pmn. : 61 m. E. Hamsbnrg. Bcthel, p. v., York dist,, & Cur.: 79 m. N. Columbia. Bethel, t. and p. v., Windsor Co., Ymn. : on White r., 29 m S by W. Monlpclier. The t. contains a valuable soapstone quam-. The Vermont Central E. E. passc-s through the t., 39 m. from Windsor. Pop. 1,730. Bctiiei , p. v., Mercer co., Tirg. : 20S m. W. Eiehmond. Eethesda, p. v., Williamson CO., Tenn. : 24 m. S. >ash- '^Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : 31 m. W. Hartford. Pop. 815. Bethlehej., p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 41 m. E. Co- "BmLEHEM, p. v., Clarke co., Ii>d.: 87 m. S. S. E. In- dianapolis. ,r TT . BETHLEimM, t and p. v., Grafton Co.. K ITamp.: on Ammonoosttc r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 952. Bethlehem, p. v., GUmer CO., Yirg. : 213 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. __ Betulehem, t, and p. v., Hunterdon co., A. Jer. . 37 m. N. liv W. Trenton. Pop. 2,746. BWULEHEM, p. v.. MarshaU co., il/?M. : 168 m. N. Jackson. BCTiiLEHEM, t. and p. v., Albany co., 7f. Y.: on ^or- manskill, etc, 5 m. 9. Albany. Pop. 4,102. BETHLEHEM, p. V., Columbus CO., Ala.: 63 m. E. by N. Bethlehem, t. and p. v„ Northampton co„ Fenn on Lehigh r., at the mouth of Manokicy cr., S3 m. i.. by n. HarrTsburg. Settled by the Moravians in 1741, and still one of tlieir princip.il localities. Pop. 1,616. Bethlehfjj Cestee, p. v., Albany co., JV. Y. BKTimosT, p. v., Orange CO., N. Car.: 43 m. N. W. Kaleigh. BETreviLLE, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: on a br.inch of Sandusky r., 85 m. N. by W. Cfllumbiis. ^ ^ , . , Beclah, p. 0., Johnson Co., K Car. : 28 m. E. Ealelgh. Bevans, p. v., Sussex CO., A'. Jer. : 89 m. N. Trenton. Beveely, p. v., Adams Co., III. : 73 m. W. SpringHeld. Beteklv, p. v., Burlington CO., A'. Jer. Be\-eely, t., p. v., and sea-port, Essex CO., Mam. : 16 m. N by E. Boston. It lies on the N. side of the bay, oppo- site Salem, with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,500 feet long, over which the Eastern E. K. passes. A railroad also extends hence to Gloucester. Shipping owned in the district 3,173 touF all in the coasting trade. rop^6,3,l,. BEVEELY, p. v., Anson CO., A-. Cm-.: on Big Brown cr. of Yadkin r., 87 m. N. E. Ealeigh. „ ■ ,„ ^ Beverly, p. v., Washington CO., Ohw: on N. side of Muskingum r., 78 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Beve'ely, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., T.rg.: on the E. fork of MoHongaliela r., 165 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Betoelv Farms, p. o., Essex co., ila^s. : 18 m. N by E. Betis' Taterx, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 106 m. S. W. Columbus. ^ .,„ __ BEWLEYvnLLE, p. V., Breckenridge CO., Ky. : 112 m. W. by S. Frankfort. . Bexae county, Tot. Situate W., and contains abont 120,000 sq. m. It extends from 28° to 36° 80', and embraces aU the country from the organized counties to the Pecos r. All the great interior rivers of Texas have tbeu- sources within its territory. Surface in the S. part, undulating or roiling prairie, interspersed with oak-openings and groves. On the N. ranges of hills rtin E and W., fonning a water- shed between the streams of the E. and S. W. Lime and sandstone abundant, and Uiere are several mineral spnngs. Soil a dark, sandy, calcareous loam, rich and productive. The' southern part is only occupied. Fanns 117 ; manui: 13; dwell. 1,204, and pop.-wh. 5,635, fr. col. 28, si. 889- total, 6,053. CapiUd : San Antonio. „ ^ „ , ' Bexae, p. v., Marion co., Ala.: 150 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. , . . r,,. Bibb county, Akl. Simate centrally, and contains 8M sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which trav- erses the county centrally. Surface moderately undulating, and the soils, especially on the rivers, fertile. Products va rious, Indian com and cotton being the principal. Farms 654- manuf.l3; dweU. 1,153, aittt pop.-wh. 7,097, Sr. col. 11 si 2 S61— total 9,969. Capital: Ceutreville. Bibb county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by Ockmulgee r. and its tributaries. Surface uneven. Soils generally sandy, but near the strean« high y fertile, producing flue cotton. Farms 80S ; manuf 82 ; dwell. i;284, and pop.-wh. 7,009, fr. col. 53, si. 5,63,-tolal, 10 C99 CapiUil : Macon. I'uWic Work^ : Central Georgia p''b • Macon and Western E. E. : and South-western E. E. Bicklev-s MiLi^, p. o., Eussell CO., Virg. : 26. m. W . by S. Eiehmond. „ . . , a .• B.EOEFoEn, p. v.. York eo„ Me. : on S. side of Saeo r., at its m.iuUi, 67 m. S. W. Aupista. The " Mercantile Adver- tiser" (whig), is issued weekly. The Portland, Saeo and Pcrumoulh H. E. passc's through the t., 36 m. from Port* month and 15 from Portland. Pop. 6.09o. BmwELL's Babe. p. o., Butte co.. Cat,/.: on middle fork of Featlier r.. 113 m. N. by E. Vallejo. Bienville parish, /.«. Situate N. W. of W. *»'•. """v^^g Lake Bistcneau for its W. border, and contains 1,080 sq. m. Drained by Grand Bayou and tlie creeks Black Lake, va- line, and others, tributaries of Eel r. Surface, a pialeaa somewhat elevated: soils f.-rtile. prwlucing excellent cot- ton, Fanns 271 : manuf, 2; dwell, 671. and pop^wh. 8,623, fr. col. 21, si. l,S95-t«tal, 6,539. Capital: Mount Lebanon. Bio Bab, p. o.. Trinity CO., Calif. Big Babbes, p. o., Claiborne CO., Tmn. : on N. side of Clinch r., 176 m. E. Nashville. BIG BIN Bio Beaver, p. o., Oakland co., Mi^ch. : 59 m. E. Lan- sing;. Big Bend, p.* o., Gilmore co., Yirg. : 230 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Big Bend, p. o., Venango co., Perm. : l.'JT m. W. N. W. Harrisburt:. Big Bend, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : r>3 m. W. Madison. Big Bend, p. o., Avoyelles par., La. : 78 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. Big Bend, p. o., Whitesidcs co.. III. : on a penin.sula of Kock r., 139 m. N. Sprin^'fleld. Big Brook, p. o., Oneida co., N'. Y. : 97 m. W. by N. Albany. BiGBT FoEK, p. o., Monroe co., Mi^s. : 129 m. N. E. Jackson. BiQBYviLLE, p. v., Mflury CO., Temi. : on a cr. of Duck r, 47 m. S. by W. Nashville. Big Cane, p. o., St. Landry par.. La. : 5S m. W. Baton Eouge. Bio Cedae, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 123 m. "\V. by N. Jctferson City. Big Cliftt, p. o., Hardin co., Kf/. : 07 m. W. by S. "^ rank fort. Bio Creek, p. o., Philips co., Ark. : S2 m. E. S. E. Little Koek. Bio Creek, p. o., Fort Bend, Tco?. .• IM m. E. by S. Austin Cily. Big Creek, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : S3 m. N. W. Mil- led geviUe. Bio Creek, p. c, Eapides par., La. : 107 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. Big Creek, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : S3 ra. W. Jefferson Cily. Big Creek, p. o., Stokes co., A^. Car. : 102 m. "W. by N. Ealeigh. Big Creek, p. o., Yallabusha co., Mm. : 107 m. N. by E. Jackson. Big Creek, p. o., Shelby co., Tenii. : on a cr. so called, 15S m. W. by S. Nashville. Bio Creek, p. o., Edgefield dist, S. Car.: 53 ra. W. Columbia. Bigelow's Mills, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 131 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Bio Falls, p. o., Orange co., Al Car.: 31 m. W. by N. Ealfigh. Big Flatto, t. and p. o., Chemung co., A'l T. : on Che- mung r., 193 m. W. S. W. Albany. The N. Y. and Erie E. R. passes through the L, 293 m. from New York City, and 176 m. from Dunkirk; also the navigable feeany. Big Island, t and p. v., Marion co., Ohio. : 4S m. N. by W. Columbus. Pop. 604. Big Island, p. o., Bedford co., Virg., 113 m. W. by S. Richmond. Big Laurel, p. o., Yancey co., 2T. Car. : on a cr. so call- ed, 219 m. W. Ealeigh. Big Lick, p. o., Eoanoke co., Virg. : 136 m. W. by S. Richmond. Big Meadow, p. o., Grayson co., Virg. : 217 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Big Mills, p. o.. Dorchester co., Md. : on Chicamaco- mico er.. 69 m. S. E. Annapolis. Big Neck, p. o., Adams co.. III. : S9 m. W. Springfield. Bio Oak, p. o., Kemper co., Miss.: 102 m. E. N. E Jackson. Bio Plain, p. o., Madison co., Ofiio: 26 m. S. VS. Columbus. Big Pond, p. o., Fayette co., Ala. : 133 m. N. W. Mont^ gomery. Big PnArRiE, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: 47 m. N. E. Columbus. Big Keady, p. o., Edmondson co., K>/. : lOS ni. S. W. Frankfurt- BiG River Mills, p. o., St. FrauQois co.. Mo.: 9S m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Bio Rock, p. o., Kane co., lU. : on a cr. so called, a trili- utary of Rock r., 208 ra. N. E. Springfield. Bio Sandy river: rises in the Alleghany Mountains, near the iioad waters of the Tennessee and Cumlwrland rivers, and falls into the Ohio between Virginia and Kentucky, being the boundary between these States for nearly 2U(| m. It is navigable to the Wasciolo Mountains. The E. and W. branches join about 40 m. above its entrance to the Ohio. Big Skin Cbeek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1S7 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Bio Spring, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 143 m. N. Mont- gomery. Big Spring, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 147 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Bio Spring, p. o., Breckenridge co., K^t/. : 85 m. W. S. W. Franklin. Big Spring, p. o., Cumberland co., Petm. : 42 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Big Spring, p. o., Montgomery co.. Mo.: 47 m. N. E, JeflTcrson City. Bio Spring, p. o., Ottawa co., Mich.: 57 m. W. by N. Lansing. Big Spring, p. o., Wilson co., Temi. : 29 m. E. Nashville, Big Spring, p. o., Shelby co., lU.: G7 m.S.E. Spring- field. Big Springs, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 12S m. N. W. Indianapolis. Bio Stream Point, p. o., Yates co., X. T.: 1S7 ra. W. Albany. Big Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., A^. Car. : 117 m. S. B. Raleigh. Big Tree Corneks, p. o., Erie co., A". Y. : 249 m. W. Albany. Big Woods, p. o., Calcasieu par.. La. : 130 m. W. Baton Rouge. Big Woods, p. o., Dn Page co., III. : 193 m. N. E. Springfield. Billeeica, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/o-!?. ; on Con- cord and Shaweheen r., IS m. N. W. Boston. The Middle- sex Canal and Lowell and Boston K. R. pxss thmugii tiie E. part of the town. lis manufactures are large, and its facilities for increasing them immense. Pop. l.r.^'fi. Billing's Grove, p. o., Livingston co., III. : 87 ra. N. E. Springfield. Bn.LiNGsviLLE, p. V., UnioH CO., Ind. : G^^ m. E. Indian- apolis. BiLoxi, p. v., Harrison co., il/w. ; on Point Caddo, of Biloxi Bay, 149 m. S. by E. Jackson. The "Sea-shoro Sentinel" is issued weekly. BiLoxi, p. v., Newton co., Te ; on Blaine cr., 153 m. E. Frankfort. Blain's Cross Roads, p. o., Grainger co., Term. : 4 m. N. HolsLcn r., and ISl m. E. Nashville. Blair county, Pe/m. Situate centrally, and contains C34 Bq. m. Drained by head streams of Juniata r. Surface mountainous, diversified by extensive valleys: .soils ordina- rily fertile. Farms S2G ; manuf 130 ; dwell. 3,7IS. and pop. ^wh. 21;517, fr. ^ol. 260— total, 21,777. Capit-al: Holli- daysburg. Puhlic Works : IVnnsvIvania Canal and R.K. Blair Furnace, p. o., Blair co., Penn: 87 ul W. by N. Harrisburg. Blaii:."s Ferky. p. o., Roano co., Tenn. : 108 m. E. by S. Nashville. Blaip^town, p. v., Warren co., N. Jer. : 61 m. N. by W. Trenton. Pop. of 1. 1,405. Bi.AiRSviLLF., p. v., and cap. Union co., Ga.: on Nolky er.. ns n\. N. N. W. Millcdgeville. Bl-uesville, p. v., Posey cm., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash r., 117 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Blairsville, p. v., Indiana co,, Penn.: on Kiskinimitas r., and on the line of I'ennsylvauia R. R.. 19S m. from Harrisburg. and 5S from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,512. Blairsville, p. v.. York dist., X Cttr. : SS m. N. by E. Columbia. Blaseley, t. and p. v.. Lucerne co., Penn.: on Laek.a- wannock r., lOS m. N. E. Harrisburg. Blakely. p. v.. sea-port, and cap. Baldwin co., Ala. : on the E. side of Tensaw r., opposite Mobile. The harbor ad- mits vessels drawing 11 feet water, and is in many respetb superior to that of Mobile. Blakely, p. v., and cap. Early co., Ga.: 134 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Blakely, p. v., Slokes co., K. Car.: 109 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Blakksburg, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 62 m. S. W. Iow.a City. Blanc, p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 122 m. N. N. W. Co- lumbus. Bl-vnche, p. o., Lafayette co., Jfo. : 93 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Blancuard, t. and p. v., Piscataquis eo.. Me.: on Pis- cataquis r., 57 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 192. Bu,nciiard Bridge, p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: on Blan- ehar'l cr., 87 m. N. by W. Columbus. Blancuestei:, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: on Cincinnati and llillsliorough R. R., 39 ra. from Cincinnati and 66 m. S. W. Columbus. Blandf.nsville, p. v., M'Donough co.. III. : on Decker's cr., S3 ra. N. W. Springfield. Blandville. I), v., and cap. Ballard eo.. Ay. ; on N. side of Mayfirlds r., 243 m. W. Frankfort. Blanford. t. and p. v., Hampden co., Jlass. : on branch- es of Weslficld r., 96 m. W. by S. Boston. Pop. 1,41S. Blanket Hill, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn.: 123 m. W. Harrisburg. Blaltkltville. p. v., Rockland co.. A'! i'.: on the line of the New York and Erie R. li., 4 m. W. Piermonl and 106 m. S. Albany. Blawenburuu, p. v., Somerset co., J\r. Jer.: 16 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Blf.cker, t. and p. o., Fulton co., A' }' ; on Garoga er. and Stony er. of Sacoudaga r., 46 ni. N. W. Albauy. Ga- roga and Fish lakes are in this town. Pop. 511. Bledsoe county, 7'enn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 520 sq. m. Drained by Soqftatchy r.. its creeks, the head water.>* of Coney fork of Cumberland r., and of Eme- ry's r. of the Clinch. Considerable hills bound the valley of Sequatchy r., which runs through the county in a N. and S. direction. The grains, tjibacci, and cottoji are produced. Farms 325; manuf. 2; dwell. S54, ane it .s chiefly occupied by fishermen. . qoul. : on the E. sid^of th W.'fork ;r White'r., 05 m. S. W. In.Manapohs " BLOOMrtxLn, p. v.,Edgar eo., lU. .•152 -;1^. Spnn.^held^ BLOO^TtBLi-, p v., Kemper CO., Mm.: 98 m. L. N. E. 'trMrtELO, p. v., and cap. Davi« CO., /...• 7S n>. ^•^^r::^:;':^-" CO., irV..B3m.B.W. Frank. "^LOOMFiELD, t. and p. 0., somerset co.. Me. : on the Ken- „M,n,-r 29 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,301. "TL^oM't-n p. v.,°and cap. Stoddart CO., Mo.: 102 m. S. E. Jefferson City. ,o ™ w p TrroT^^Th'eVt C-'o^Te m^st flourishing of the Too!rJ,u?nf p. v., Morrow co„ OMo : 51 m. N. by "B?rr.,'"''andTv., Crawford co.,Pe„..: 197 m. ^l^r~V., London CO., Rr^:onOoosecr., 102 "BTooLT;Lo"p:v.,Essexeo.,ren».-o„W.sidocf Conre«eut riand d^^inod by branches of Nulhegan r., 63 m. N. E. Monlpdier. Pop. 244 ■„ c -p "^BL^LtKLO, t. and p. v., Walworth eo. ir«c. : m S. E. comer of co., 67 m. S. E. Madison. Pop. 879 BLooMi>-GBU,.Gn, p. v., SuUivan co., N.I.: S2 m. 9. 8. W. "'MiNGBtTaon, p. v., Fayette co., OMo: on a branch of Paint cr., 31 m. S. S. W. Columbus . „„ „ jj j; BLOOM.NGDALE, p. V., Passa.c CO., N. Je,: . 63 m. IN. L. '^Co"M„ot,AL., p. v., Cabel CO., Tir,. : 254 m. W. by N. '"Ct GnxLB, p. v., Bu Page eo., M.: 247 m. N. E. XS^L..^ p. v., Jefferson co., OUo: 102 m. E. by N Columbus. 70 Bloomiko Geove, p. o., Franklin CO., Ind. : 62 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. . Blooming Gbovi:, t. and p. o.. Orange eo .^. 5.. on Murderer's er., SG m. S. Albany. l«"c;''''^8 f^",f ^".J': traverses the N. W. pari of the t, and on the b. L. is the Scunneeunk rat. Pop. 2,1S4. BL00.MLXG Geoto, p. o., Montgomery CO., Tenn.. on a cr. so called, 49 ni. W. by N. Nashville. , . -p .^ BLOoMiNosrouT, p. o., liandolph CO., Ifd.: M m. E. by N. IndianapolU. „ , -nr-,, .!••!„, Bloomington, t. and p. v., Winnebago co., TTisc. . 63 m. S.E.Madison. Pop. 909. BLOOMiNOTO., p. v., and e^p. Monroe eo., Jni.: on the line of the New Albany and Salem Extension E. I..,lUCnL from New Albany, and 40 m. S. W. Indianapolis. The Indiana University is located here; and the newspapers published in the v. are the " Reporter" and the '■ Herald," weeklv.an.l the "Cliristian Record," monthly. Bloomingtok, p. v., Clinton co., Ohu,: 57 m. b. W. Columbus. r ;;.«•! m Bloomingtos, p. v., and cap. M'Lean co., /«.. 83 m. N E. Sprinafleld. The Illinois Central U. E., and he Chicago and^Mississippi E. E. intersect here. Pop. 1,5J4 BLOoMiscTos, p. v., Morgan co.. Ay. : 102 m. E. ^ Blo^i'ngtok, p. v., and cap. Macon co Mo : on middle fork of Chariton r., and on the line of the Hannibal and Missouri E. E., SO m. N. Jefferson City. The " Bloominglon Gazette" is published weekly. Pop^l94. Bloomington. p. v., Tipton co., r*.™, : 161 m. W. S. tt . ^Blo'oIg Y.LIXV, P.O., Crawford co., P«m.: 197 m. ^i;^"::::!:"Sp.o.,Erieco.,0.<.:97m.N.byE. Columbus. -rr- „ . ™ « If aide Blooa.8bup.gh, p. v., Halifax eo., Virg.: on S. E. side oftlieDanr.,117m.S.W.Eichmond. „ . „„ ° kooMSBUBGH, p. V., and cap. Columbia co-.J--- ■ "^ the E. or main branch of Susquehanna r., 69 m. N by K Harrlsbarg. It is a thriving village on the North Branch CaTaran^d publishes two newspapers, the "Columbia Democrat," and the " Star of the North." Pop. 1,51d. Bloom*»"EV, p. v., Warren eo., J^. Jer. : on Musconecong or 32 m. N. bv W. Trenton. ^ „ a BLOo"ViLLE, p. v., Delaware eo., A'. Y. : on the W. side of me W branch of Delaware r., 57 m. S. W. Albany BLOOMViLL., P.V., Will eo., m. : on Eockcr., of Kankakee -£t:::^v^i^;^t1:"caco.,...:73m.K.Co,uin. '"'*■ . Twicrn <-o Penn. : 100 m. N. by W. HSX^^m^in^f^oat^f^eellentquality.aboun^ "einity, and great facilities have been arranged for its transport to market by railroad and canal. Blossom Hill, p. o., Caddo pansb, i«.. 23o m. N. TV. Baton Eouge. si„nto N centrally, and contains oJr^^r-;;;d'^-Lor:..dMn,berr^orksofB.ck Wnrrior r. Surface various-in the S. rnll.ng and iinevcn n^id "i the N. somewhat hilly: soils of average fertiWy. ^' oa, Indian com. and cotton ,.e the staple gn.wtta. Farms T63: manuf. 9; dwell. 1,127, and pop.- h. 0,941, fV. c^Ts^C-total. 7,807. Ov*'^- BlouuLsvillc. kti^T e^ilv, Te„n. Situate E. on the Sl.ate line, and eonurslT™. n. Drained by tributaries of Tennessee r. whi^ 1 cs on Oie W. border. Surlace uneven-broken and hin on he E.. and the soils generally fertile. Iron i, ound hills on me • grains, with some tobacco E. S. E. Ealeigh. » BLO Boa Blount's Ferey, p. o., Columbia co., Fhr. : 63 m. E. Tallahassfe,. ' Blount'3 Speing, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 119 m. N. Montgomery. Blouxtstown, p. v., Carihouu co., Flor. : 66 m. S. "W. Talkihassee. Bloitntstille, p. v., and cap. Blount oo., Ala. : on a cr. of Mulberry fort of Black Warrior r., 117 m. N. Mont- gomery. Blofntsville, p. v., Henry co., Ind. : 52 m. E. by N. In-lianapnlis. Blountsville, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Ten?}. Blue Ball, p. o., Cecil co., Md. : 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. Blue Ball, p. c, Butler co., Ofi^io: 93 m. S. W. Colum- bus. Blue Ball, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 ra. S. E. Ilarrisbnrp:. Blue Bell, p. o., Montgomery co., Peivi. : 91 m. E. Harrisburg. Blub Creek, p. o., Adams co., Ohio: on a tr. so called of Ohio r., SS m. S. S. W. Columbus. Blue Creek, p. o., Habersham co., Ga.: 119 m, N. E. Milledgeville. Bllt: Ceeek, p. c, Pike co., Ala. : 3" m. S. Mont- gomery. Blue Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Ind. : C4 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Blue Eye, p. o., Benlon co., AUi. : 96 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Blue Grass, p. o., Scott co., la.: 49 ra. E. Iowa City. Blue Grass, p. o., Fulton co., Ind.: 87 m. N. Indian- apolis. Blue Hill, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Jfe.: on a bay formed between the mainland and Mt. Desert Island, 29 m. ?. E. Augusta. From a hill near the t. a most splendid view of the surrounding scenerj" is presented. Pop. 1,91^9. Blue Hill, p. o., Williamson co., Ter. : 31 m. X. Au.stin City. Blue House, p. o., Colleton dist., S. Car. : 76 m. S. by W. Cohimbia. Blue Lick, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 163 m. N. W. Montgomery. Blue Lick, p. o., Clark co., Ind. : 91 m. S. S. E. Inhanapolis. Blue Lick SpRrNGS. p. o., Nicholas co., Xt/. : on S. side of Licking r., 61 m. E. Frankfort. Ulue Mounp, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. : 21 m. W. S.W. Madison. Pop. 315. Blue Mouktain, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. Blue Plum, p. o., Washington co., Tenn.: 193 m. E. Nashville. Blue's Pocjt, p. o., Crittenden co., Ark. : 120 m. E. N. E. Little Bock. Blue Pont>, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 139 m. N. E. Montgomery. Blue IIipge, or South Mountain : the eastern ridge of the AUeghany Mountains, which branches off from the main range in North Carolina, and crosses the States of Vir- ginia, Maryland, etc., and extends to the highlands of the Hudson r. The Peaks of Otter, in Virginia, the highest part nf the ridge, have an elevation of nearly 4,0(i0 feet; and there axe other peaks of not much less an altitude. Blue Bidge, p. o., Botetourtco., Virg.: 116 m. W. Rich- mond. Blue Bidge, p. o., Tancey co., .V. Car.: 193 m. W. Ealeigh. Blur Eidge, p. o.. Gilmer co., Ga.: 151 m. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. Blue BinoE, p. o., Shelby co.. Ind.: 29 ni. S. E. Indrrm- apolis. Bluk I:ivfp„ p. o., [nwu rn.. WUr. : ii\ m. W. Madison. Bt.i-K I'.orK. t. ati I p. .».. Muskitieuin co., Ohio • '^n Muskingum r., 50 in. K. Columbus. Pop. 1,476. Blue Bock, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 6S m. S. E. Har- risburg. Blue Spring, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : 147 m. N. Mont- gomery. Blue Sprcs-g, p. o., Smytli co., Virg.: 21u m. W. S. W. Kichmond. Blue Spf.lng Grove, p. o.. Barren co., Ky.: S6 m. S. S. W. Frankfort, The Na.shviUe and Lexington E. li. will jjTobably pass near this place. Bl- E Springs, p. o., Jackson co.. Mo. : 116 m. W. Jeffer- son Citj. The Pacific 11. K. from SU Louis will probal'ly intersect this point. Blue Stone, p. o., Tazewell en., Virg. : 232 m. W. Eichraond. Blue Sulphur Springs, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : ISO m. W. Eichmond. These springs are much frequented by invalids; they are situate in a mountain valley, and are surrounded by grand .ind picturesque s^'encry. Blue Wing, p. o., Granville co., A'. Car.: 71 m. N. by W. Ealeigh. Bluff, p. o., Mercer co., PI. : 105 m. N, W. Spring- field. Bluff, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 31 in. N. W. Madison. Bluit Dale, p. o., Greene co., PL: S7 m. W. S. W. Springfield. Bluff Dale, p. o., Des Moines co., la. : 52 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Bluff Point, p. o., Yates co., N. T. : 166 ra. W. Albany. Bluff Port, p. o., Sumpter co., Ala. : on the W. side of Tombigbee r.. opposite the mouth of Black Warrior r., 92 m. W. Montgomery. Bluff Spring, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 74 m. N. Montgciiery. Bluff Spring, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: S3 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Bluff Spring, p. o., Attala co., ^^l■ss. : on E. side of Big Black r., 69 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Bluff Spring, p. o., Johnson co., Mo. : 94 m. W. Jeffer- son City. Bluff Springs, p. o., Gibson co., Ten7i. : 137 m. W. by S. Nashville. Bliffion, p. v., and cap. Wells co., Ind. : S2 m. N. E. Indianapolis. The " Kepubliean Bugle" and the " E. Ban- ner" are published weekly. Pop. 477. Bluffton, p. 0., Beaufort dist, S. Car. : 116 m. S. by W. Columbia. Bluffton, p. v., Marquette co., Wise: 3 m. N. Green Lake, and 58 m. N. by E. Madison. Bluffville, p. v., Carroll co., Ill: on the E. side of Mississippi r., 223 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Elytue, p. 0., Schuylkill co., Penn.: 34 m. N. E. Har- risburg. Blytueville, p. v., Jasper co., Mo. : 159 m. S. W. Jeffcc- son City, BoALsnuRG, p. v., Centre co., Penn. : on Spring cr., 69 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. BoARDMAN, p. v., Mahouing co., Ohio: 131 m. N. E. Columbus. Boardtree, p. o., Cherokee co., Gn. : lui} ra. N. W. Milledgeville. Boi'ENRAM, p. v., Giles CO., Tenn.: 62 m. S. by W. Nashville. Bo;tia. p. v., Mercer co., Ohio: 97 m. N. W. C-olumbus. Boii-FF Praiiuf, p. o.. Franklin par., La.: on W. side of Cyjiress Lake, 103 ni N W. Eaton Kouge. BoGANsviLi.F. i>. v., Uniuu disL, ,'?, Ca?\ : 69 m. N. by W. Columhia- BoGAr.P, p. o.. Daviess co., Ind.:^9 m. S W. Indian- apolis. Bo<;r,Y DnpnT. 1). o.. Chort.'iw N.ition. l^nd T^<- ■R..r.i^ i*-- _ ,., ....,.« vv., ^nu.. lui. .. .^. X. W xl.^.oi.^tllOllS. TI BOl BOO Boiling Spring, p. o., Fentress co., Tmn. : on N. side of CIciir fork of ^'ew r., 61 m. E. Nashville. Boiling Springs, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 110 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Boiling Springs, p. o., Cumberland co., Perm. : 22 m. W. Harrisburg. BoiLSTON, p. v., Ilonderson eo., K Car. : on a cr. of Frcneli Broad r. so called, 2'JS ra. W. S. W. Enleigh. Bois Blano Island: in Lake Huron, S. E. Mackinaw. II is 10 m. long and 3 m. wide in its greatest breadth. A lighthouse li;is been Erected on the E. point Boke's Ckeek, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 32 m. N. W. Columbus. BoLANi/s, p. 0., Itawamba co., Miss. : on W. side of LitUc Tombigbee r., 1G9 m. N. E. Jackson. Bolen'8 Mills, p. o., Vinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. E. Columbus. BoLiGEE, p. o., Greene co., Ala.: 105 m. W. by N. Montgomery. BoLiNGTON, p. o., Loudon CO., Vinj. : 107 m. N. liich- mond. Bolivar county, Miss. Situate W. on Mississippi r., and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Large and William's Bay- oux, tributaries of Sunflower r., and has several lakes. Sur- face mostly level or undulating, and occasionally swampy ; soils rich and productive. Indian corn and cotton are the principal staples. Farms 57 ; dwell, ^b, and pop.— wh. S95, fr. eol. 2, 3l. 2,1S0— total, 2,577. Cajyital: Bolivar. Bolivar, p. v., Jackson co., Ala.: on N. side of Big Raccoon cr, 3 m. distimt, ami 172 m. N. Montgomery. Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Poinsett co.. Ark. : lUS m. N. E. Little Eoek. Pop. 64.S. Bolivar, p. v., and caj). Boliver co., J^ltss. : on E. side of Mississippi r., lOS m. N. N. W. Jackson. BoLiVAn, p. v., and cap. Polk co,, Mo. : on a tributary of Sac r. of the Osage, 89 m. S. W. JeflTerson City. Bolivar, t and p. v., Alteghany co., K. Y. : on a tribu- tary of Oswaye cr., 223 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop 712. B'>LivAK, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on W. side of Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio Canal, 92 m. N. E. Columbus. Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Hardeman co., Tenn. : on S. W. side of Big Hatchec r., 143 m. W. S. W. Nashville. IJolstlr's Mills, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 54 ra. S. W. Augusta. Bolton, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on the line of the Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill li. li., 16 m. E. Hartford. Pop. CO". Bolton, p. v., 'Williamson co., JU,: 21S m. S. by E. Springfield. Bolton, t. and p. v., 'Worcester eo., Matm. : between Concord and Nashua r., 29 ra. "W. by N. Boston. P. ],2(!3. BoLTox, t. and p. v., 'W'arren co., X. Y. : on Lake George, 57 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1.H7. Bolton, t. and p. v., Chittenden co.. V^rm.: on Onion r., in the valley of which the Vermont Central K. K. runs, 17 m. X. W. Monlpelier. The N. part of the town lies on the Green nils. Pop. CO'-'. Bolton's I)ep6t, p. o., Hinds co., Misn.: on the line of Vieksburg, J.ickson, and Brandon li. U., 27 m. frora Vicks- burg, and 10 "W. Jackson. BoLToNviLLE, p. v., Cobb CO., 6'rt. : 103 m. N. "W. Mil- ledge ville. Bolt's Fort, p. o., Lawrence co., Ay. ; 114 m. E. Frank- fort. Bombay, t. and p. o., Franklin co., X. Y.: on St. Kegis, and llaeket r. and several tributaries of Salmon r., 126 m. N. N. "W. Alliany. Pop. 1,963. BoN AiR Spkincs, p. o., AVhite co., Tejvn.. : 87 m. E. by S. Nashville. Bonaparte, p. v., Du Page co., III.: 238 m. N. E. Springfield. Bonaparte, p. v., Van Buren co.. la. : ou the E. sido Des Moines r. 66 m. 8. Iowa City. 72 BoN AwA, p. o., Hickman co., Tenn.: 52 ra. S. W. Nashville. Bond county, HI. Situate 8. centrally, ami contains 360 sq. m. Drained by E. and W. forks of Shoal cr., Beaver cr., and other streams, affluents of the Kaskaskia. Surface level or undulating, chiefly prairie, intermixed with limber ; soil exceedingly rich and productive. Farms 665: manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,07C, and pop.— wh. 6,136, fr. col. S— total, 6,144. Capital: Greenville. J'uhllc Worka: National Road. Bond's Village, p. v., Hampden co., Mass.: S3 m. Vf. by S. Boston. BoNDViLLE, p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 76 m. S Monlpelier. Bone Creek, p. o., Ritchie co., llrg.: 2W m. "W. N. Vf. Richmond. Bone Yard, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 206 m. N. E. Jackson. BoKUAM, p. V , and cap. Fannin co., Tese. : on the 'W. side of Bois d'Arc r., 267 m. N. by E. Austin City. A news- paper, the " B. Advertiser," is published weekly. P. 24S. BoNiioMME, p. o., St. Louis CO., Mo.: 90 m. E. JeflTerson City. Bonn, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on E. side of Duck cr. of Ohio r., 90 ra. E. by S. Columl)US. Bonnet Caki'.e i^j^quare Bonnet, so called from a remark- able bend on (he r.), p. v., and cap. St. John Baptist par., La. : on E. side Mississippi r., 37 m. S. S. E. Baton Rouge. Bonny Doon, p. o., Jefferson co., Ga. : 5S m. E. Mil- ledgeville. Bono, p. o., Lawrence co.. Ivd. : on the 3. of the E. fork of White r., 63 m. S. Indianapolis. Bun Pas, p. o., Richland co., III. : 165 m. S. S. E. Spring- fleld. Bonus Pkaikie, p. o., Boone eo.. III. : on the E. side of Piskashaw cr., 269 m. N. by E. Springfield. BooNE county, ///. Situate N. middle, and contains 433 sq. m. Draintd by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface level, with sorae wet prairies, and soils of exceeding richness; timber plentiful. Farms S97 ; manuf. 17 ; tlwell. 1,352, and pop.— wh. 7,621, fr. col. 5— total, 7,626. CapiUil : Belvi- dere. Ptihlie Worka: Galena and Chicago Union R. R., and branch to Beloit. Boone county, Ind. Situate N. "W. centrally, and con- tains 40S sq. m. The prevailing soil is a black loam sev- eral feet deep, resting on a substratum of clay, and in some places of sand and gravffl ; it is vcrj' fertile. No part of Ihe State is better timbered. The county is situated on Uie ridge or dividing swamps between White r. and the AVabash, and contains the sources of several fine streams, tributaries of these rivers. Farms 1.S9S; manuf. 28; dwell. 1,914, and pop.— wh. 11,611, fr. col. 20, total, 11,631. Capital: Leb- anon. Public TIbrXrjj.* Indianapolis and Lafayette R.R. Boone county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Des Moines r. and tributaries. Surface level or un'lulating—prairie intermixed with woodland, and soils excellent. Dwell. 119, and pop.— wh. 735, fr. col. P — total 735. Capital : Booneville. Boone county, A'y- Situate N. on Ohio r., and contains 312 sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing to the Ohio. Surface uneven, and eoits not unproduetive. Indian corn, wheat, and tobacco are the chief products. Fanns 9S2; manuf 16; dwell. 1,615, and pop.— wh. 9.044, fr. ool. 37, si. 2,104— total 11,185. Capital : Burlington. Boone county. Mo. Situate centrally on Missouri r.. and contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Rock, F'^mme, Cedar, and other creeks. Surface chiefly level prairie intermixed with woodland, and the soils fertile. The chief products, besi. o.. Lincoln co., Tenti.: 73 m. S. Nash- Yille. Boon's Lick, p. o., Howard co., 3fo. : 52 ni. N. W. Jefferson City. BooNTON, p. v.. Morris co., y. Jer. : 41 m. N. Tntilun. Boonton's Tan Yard, p. a, Madison co., Vi/y. ; 76 m. N. W. Kichraond. BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Arh : on Petite Jean cr. 147 m. W. N. W. Little Eock. Pop. 725. BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Warrick co., Im/.: 12S m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Pop. 2,270. BooNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Cooper co., Mo. : on S. side of Missouri r., 52 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a place of considerable J^usiness, and here are published weekly the " B. Weekly Democrat," and the " B. Observer" (dem. ) — the latter is also published semi-weekly. Numerous steamers make this a regular landing place. Pop. 1,657. BooTHiJAV, t. and p. v.. Lineoln co., 3fe : between Sheops- cot and Diiraariscolta r., with tlio ocean on the S. 37 m. S. by E. Augusta. It has a good harbor, and the inhab- itants are largely engaged in the fisheries. Pop. 2,o04. BooTiisviLLE, p. v., Marion co., Virg, : 1S7 m. N. W, Eichmond. Bordeaux, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : "S m. W. Ojlumbia. Bordentown, p. v.. Burlington co., ^ Jer.: on E. side of Delaware r., 8 m. S. by E. Trenton. The site is elevated some GO feet above the river, anil is remarkable for its beautiful scenery. Here Joseph Bonaparte resided while in America. The railroads connecting New York and Philadelpliia pass through the v.. and the Delaware and Raritan Canal basil3 W. outlet at this place. BoRDLEV, p. o.. Union co.. A'l/. ; 101 m. W. by S. Frank- fort, Borland, p. v., Newton c*K,Arl:: on Buffalo fork of White r., 104 m. N. N. W. T/ittle Kock. Borodino, p. o. (lormerly Moreauville), p. v., Avoy- elles par., La. : S3 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. Borodino, p. o., Wayne co., Midi.: 82 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Borodino, p. v., Onondaga co., K Y.: on Skaneateles lake. 127 m. W. by N. Albany. Boscawen, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K IFamp. : on W. side of Merrimac r. and Northern i;. li., Ui ml X. C<»neord. Black Water r. pa.sscs thnnigli the t., iiud alVonls fine mill sites, pop. 2.063. Bosserman's Milt.3, p. v., Ptrry co., Venn.: 20 m. W. Harrisburg. Bossier county. La. Situate N. W. botWLcn Ued r. and Bayou Dorcheat, and eontmiis I.OIG sq. ni. Dminod by Bayou and Lake Bodeau, and streams tributary to ibe bor- der rivers. Surface low and marshy ; soils rich, producing corn, cotton, and sugar. Farms 333 ; dwell. 47s, and pop. — wh. 2,507, fr, col. 0, si. 4,455— total C,903. Capital : Belle- view. The '* great raft'' of Red r. Hes within this county. BossiEi; Point, p. o., Bossier par., La.: 177 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. Bostick's Mills, p. o., Richmond co., N. Car. : 123 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. Boston, p. v., Wayne co.. Inch: 63 m. E. Indian:lplpIi^. BosTO.v (formerly Kautatincul-nk), p. v., Nortliamiilon CO., I'env.: S' m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Boston, p. v., Yolo co., Calif. : on W. side of Saiira niento r.. at the mouth of American r., 6(1 m. N. E. Vallejo. Boston, p. o., Nelson co., Ky.: 47 ra. S. W. Frankfort. Boston, t and p. v., Ionia co., Mich. : on S. side of Grand r., 39 m. W. by N. Lansing. Pop. 424 Boston, p. o., Erie co., K. Y.: 247 ra. W. Albany. Boston. U and p. v., Summit co., Ohio ; on Cuyahoga r. of Lake Erie, and on the line of the Oliio Canal, 122 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. TJie v. is a busy place and has oon- siderable trade. Pop. 1,180- Boston, p. city, sea-port, and cap. Suffolk co.. an-I capital of the State of Massachuseita : at the head of .Massaehusetts Bay, near the confluence of Charles and Mystic rivers. Thesi' streams are navigable only for a Jew miles, but uniting with Neponset and Weymouth rivers, form one of the imblest harbors of the world— land-locked, aceessible to ships of the line, eiisily defended, and rarely obslrui-ted by ice. It exti'iKls 14 m. from Point Alderton to M.dfi.rd ; and from Clielse;i to llingham is at least S m. wide, eover- ing 75 sq. m., and wouhl hold all the shipping of the Union. The entrance for large vessels is very narrow, barely suffi- cient for two l<_i sail abreast. It is defemled by three fiirlresses, two of which, on George's and t'aslle islands, are on the largest scale, and constructed with all the im- provements of modern science. The third, or Citadel, on Governor's island, is not yet completed. These will etfi-cl- ually eommaud the entrance, and, wlieii finished, make it impr'^gnable. The harbor is well adapted to eoniniurcc. The jieninsula and island of Bosti)n is literally fringed with wharves and docks, while around the harbor and 'Ma attlu- ents are clustered many cities and villages, inlo Mliich Boston overflows, all of whicli have piers and landing- places, viz.: llingham, Hull, Quincy, Milton. Dorchester, lioxbury, Brookline, Brighton, Newton. Watertown, Cam- bridge, Charlestown, Chelsea. Maiden, Medf T'I, and Som- erville. Lat. 42° 21' 23" N., and long. 71° 04' 09" \V.~AZ-i m. N. E. Washington City. The early settlers chose f'jr tlu'ir residence, in 1630, a jicninsula. connected with the main by a narrow islhnms, occasionally overflowed, and divided at high tide inlo two islands. The entire tract contained COO acres. It was called Shawnmt or Trimoimfain, and derived its name fn»m its sjtrings and three lofly hills. The spot was unols 471 scholars. Boston has also a Latin and High SchoiJ, iu which the higher branches are taught with signal ability. All these scliools are open free of charge to all. Without the chartered limits of the city are Harvard University, with its Law and Theological Schools, a Baptist College, and many excellent schools and academies. There are several public libraries in the city. The Athe- neum Library, the Boston and Mercantile libraries, the Law Library, the State Library, and several libraries of Harvard University. These together contain upward of 150,000 volumes. There are SO periodicals and newspapers published in Boston, several of which are worked by steam presses, and have largy tirculations. These refer to almost every dc- par'ument of literature, religion, science, agriculture, banks, railroads, belles-lettres, statistics, history, medicine, law, edu- cation, etc. The religious and charitable institutions of the city are also numerous. It has nearly 200 churches and places of worship. There is also a General Hospital, two Insane Hospitals, an Asylum for the Blind, an Eye and Ear In- firmary, a Lying-in-Hospital, an Asylum (or l)rphan Girfe, and a Farm School for Boys. Most of these are liberally endowed. The I'nited Slates have expended large sums in and around Boston on their fortresses and arsenal, extensive navy yard, dry doek,and rope walks, and stores of cannon, arms, and materiel, a Customs House, and hospitals for sick ami intlrm seamen. All these are situated in Boston Harbor, and are valued at $S,OUO,000. The navy yard is second only to that of Norfolk. Should Boston and her suburbs increase for 25 years at its present rate, its population will exceed 1.500,000. If we would seek for a solution of the growth of Boston in com- merce, wealth, and population, we may have it not only in ItB central position and admirable harbor, but in the enter- prise, intelligence, and frugality of her people. Her enter- prise descends lineally from those boM aneewlors who plant- ed an empire in the wilderness. Their siiiril and their love of letters are inherited. These have guiinn.: 23 m. S. Nash- ville. Boston Coknee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mass.: 126 m. W. Boston. Boston, p. v., and cap. Bowie; CO., Tex. : 297 m. N. E. Austin City. Boston, p. v., Culpo^iper co,, Yii'g. : 7-6 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. Boston, p. v., Thom.ia co., Ga.: 157 m. S. Milledge\ille. Bobt's Mills, p. o., Cabarras CO., A1 Car. : 103 m. W. by S. lialcigh. Botanic IIill, p. o., Nash co., N. Car. : 39 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. BoTANiCK Gaedkn, p. o., Pcrry co., T^nn. : 73 m. S. W. Nashville. Botetourt county, Virg. Situate S. middle, W, of the Blue iiidge, and contains 9S0 sq. m. Drained by James r. and tributaries. Surface hilly — with extensive valleys, and soil good, producing wheat, com, and tobacco. Farms 712 ; manuf 3S; dwell. 1,S03, and pop.— wh. 10,749, fr. col. 423, si. S.73(I— total 14,908. Capital: Fineastle. BoTKTOiiBT Springs, p. o., Eoanoke co., Yirg. : 137 m. W. by S. Itichmond. BoTiiELLE, p. v., Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : 6S m. N. by E. Madison. BoucKviLLE, p. o,, Madison co., N. Y. : on the line of the Chenango C-anal. 90 m. W. Albany. Bound Brook, p. v., Somerset co., K. Jer. : 24 m. N. by E. Trenton. Bounty Land, p. o., Pickins dist., S. Car. : 113 m. N. W, Columbia. Bourbon county, Ky. Situate N. E., centrally, and eon- tains 230 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, tributaries of S. fork of Licking r. Surface rolling, rising toward the sea; and the soils highly productive. Wheat, rye, com. and oats are ihe principal products. Farms 7;34; manuf. 34 ; dwell. 1,345, and pop.— wh. 7,153, fr. col. 242, si. 7,02(>— total 14,426. Capital: Paris. PuUic Wurka: Lexington and Maysville B. B. Bourbon, p. v., Marsh.ill co., Jnd.: 102 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Bouhbonton, p. v., Boone co., Mo. : 3S m. N. W. Jefferson City. BouENEviLLE, p. V., Ross CO., OMo ,' ou tlic J$. W. side of Paint cr., 49 m. S. C«:>lumbus. BoviNA, p. v., Warren co., Mi^s. : on Ihe line of the Yicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon II. B.,36 m.W. Jackson. BoviNA, t. and p. v., Delaware co.. A'. Y. : S6 m.W. S.W Albany. Bow, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., KITamp.: on Merri- mac r, 7 m. S. Concord. Bow Falls, of the Merrimac. are here overcome by a short canal. BowDARK, p. o., Greene co.. Mo. : 107 m. 9. W. Jefferson City. BowDoiN. t. antl p. v., Lincoln co., M^. : 23 m. S. by W Augusta. Pop l,srp7. BowpoiN Centbk. p. n., Lincoln co., Me. : 25 m. S. i>y W Augusta. BowDoiNUAM, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Mf. : on Kenne- bec r., -S ni. S. Angust:^. The lumber trade and ship- building are the principal occupations. Pop. 2,SSl. BowDON, p. v., Carroll co., Ga. : 113 m. W. Milledgeyilie 76 BOW BRA BowDON, p. v., Talladega co., Aki.: 02 m. N. Mont- gomery. lJowEN'8 Prairie, p. c, Jones co., la. : 41 m. N. Iowa aiy. BowKNviLLE. p. v., CaTToll CO., Ga. : 1 17 nx W. Milledge- ville. Bower, p. o.. Clearfield co., Fenn. : lOS m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. BowEK Bank, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : on Sebec Lake, Go in. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 173. Bower Hill, p. o., Washingian co., Penn.: 1S7 m. W. llarrisburg. Bower's, p. o., Soutliaiii]>ton co., Vh'g. : 71 m. S. by K. Eielimond. Bower's Mills, p. o., Lawrence co.. Mo. : on Spring r., a branch of Neosho r., 146 m. S. W. Jeflferson City. Bowersville, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : on a cr. of the Middle fork of Broad r., 85 m. N. Milledgeville. Bowersville, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 ra. W. B. W. Columbus. Bowie county, Tea; Situate in the N. E. comer, between Ecd r. and Sulphur Fork, nnrl contains about 06fl sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks running N. and S. from a cen- tral walershed. Surface elevated, undulaling, and well timbered, with small and beautiful prairies between the streams ; soils deep and fertile, producing excellent eotlon and sugar. Farms IDS; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 250, and pop. — wh. 1,271, fr. col. 0, si. ],G41— total 2,912. CapiUtl: Boston, Bowlesville, p. T., Fluvanna co.. Virg. : 49 m. W. by N. Pichmond. Bowling Green, p. v., Oglethorpe co., Gfi. : on Athens Branch of Georgia li. E., 46 m. N. Milledgeville. Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Ind. : on Eel r. of the W. fork of White r., 4S m. "\V. S. "W. Indianapolis. Bowling Green, p. v., Fayette co., /^. ; on the AV. sisa cc, Ala. : 28 m. N. Mont- gomery. Bradford Centre, p. o.. Orange co., Venn.: 27 m. E. by S. Montpelicr. Bradford Institute, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 42 m. E. Columbia. Bradford Springs, p. o., Sumter (list,*?. Car.: 42 m. £. Columbia. BRA BRA Bkadfordville, p. v., Marion co., Ky.: on a cr. of Roll- ing fork of Suit r^ 47 m. S. AV. Frank forL liKADLEY county, Ark: Sitimle S. eonlrally, and contains SCO sq. ni. Drained l)y Wachita and Spline rivers and their tributaries. Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils fer- tile. Farms 303; nianuf. 1: dttell. 440, and pop. — wh. 2,601 fr. col. 2, si. l,2-*6— total 3.S'29. Capital : AVarren. Bradley county, Tenn. Situate S. E. on State line, and contains 526 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Hiwassee r. Sur- face mountainous, ru(;o:ed, and except on tlie streams, of in- ferior fertility. Indian com is the chief product, and some cotton and tobacco is also grown. Farms 8S6; manuf. 44; dwell. 1.955, and pop.— wh. 11.478, fr. col. 37, si. 744— total 12,259. Cajntal: Cleveland, PuUic Work^: East Ten- nessee IJ. R., etc. Bradley, p. o.. Jackson Co., III. : 12S m. S. Springfield. Bbadley, p. o., Allegan co., Mi'-'^i. : 76 m. W. by S. Lansing. Bbadlf.yville, p. T., Sumter diat., S. Car. : 57 m. E. by S. CoUimbki. Cradsiiaw, p. o., Giles co., 2>«n. .■ 63 m. S. by TV. Nashville. Brady, t. and p. o,, Kalamazoo co., Mick.: on the head waters of Portage r., 68 m. S. ^Y. Lansing. Pop. 57S.* Br.ADY's Besd, p. o., Armstrong co., Petin.: 146 m. ■\V. by N. Ilarrisburg. Bkadyville, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: S2 m. S. by TV. Columbus. Bbadyville, p. T,, Cannon co., Tenn. : 46 m. S. E. Nash- ville. Bbagg's, p. 0., Lowndes co., Ala. : 31 m. S. "W. Mont- gomery. Braggville, p. v., Middlesex co., J/ti-s*. ; 26 m. N. "W. Boston. Beainaed's Bridge, p. o., Rensselaer co., A' Y. Bf.ai.ntkee, t, and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line of the Old Colony K. K., 10 m. S. Boston. The South 6hor._- K. II. and the Fall Itlver li. K. also diverge iVuni this t. It has considerable manufactures, and some shipping en- gaged in the co.isting trade and the fisheries. Braintree was the birtb-piacc of the elder Adams. Pop. 2,9C9. Braintree. t. and p. v.. Orange co.. Venn.: at the head of White r.. and on the line of the Vermont C^intral K. li., ItJ m. S. Montjj^Iier. pop. 1,228. Beaintrem, p. v., ■Wyoming co., Penn.: on N. si(ie of Susquehanna r., 102 m. N. by E. llarrisburg. Brakeletville, p. v., Monroe co., I'enn. : lo5 m. E. N. E. llarrisburg. Brake's Rck, p. o., ITardy co., Mrg.: 122 m. N. W. Richmond. Beaman's C0RXEC8, p. o., Schenectady co.. A'. Y.: 13 m. W. Albany. Branch county, MicJu Situate S. middle on State line, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by several creeks of St. Joseph r. Surface rolling; wood and prairie, and tho soils rich and loamy. Farms 1.442; manuf. 53; dwell. 2,300, and pop.— wh. 12.45G. fr. col. IC— total 12.472. Capital: Branch. Public Works: Michigan Southern R. R. Bbancii, p. v., and cap. Branch co., Mich. : on W. branch of Coldwater r., 63 m. S. by W. Lansing. The Micliigan Southern R. R. passes a little S. of the v.. 95 in. from Monroe. Branch Dale, p. 0., Schuylkill co., Penn. Branch Hill, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 87 m. S. Vi. Columbus. Eranph Island, p. 0., Pickens dist., S. Cia. At this point the Columbia Branch R. R. branches from the South C.ir- olina R. R., 62 m. from Charleston. Br.*,ndenhuhg, p. v., and cap. Meade co.. Ay. Brandon, p. v., and cap. Rankin co., Miss.: at tho E. terminus of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 14 m. E. Jackson. The "B. Republican" (whiirl is issued weekly. The railroad will bo continued eastward to Selma, Ala-. BKA^^)ON, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: 89 m. N. E. Columbus. Brandon, t. and p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 6S ni. E. Lansing. Poi>. bi.i;_. Brandon, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Fct-w. ; on Otter er. of Lake Champlain, 42 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Rut- land and Burlington R. R. passes through it, 50 m. S. Bur- lington. Two newspapers, the ** Vermont Tribune'' and the " Brandon Post," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,SJ5, Brandontille, p. v., Preston co., Virg.: 177 m. N. "W. Richmond. Brand's Iron Works, p. o., Washington co., R. I. : 2S m. S. by W. Providence. Brandt, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: 72 m. W. Columbus. Brandt, t. and p. v.. Eric co., A'. }'. .■ on Lake Eric and Cattaraugus cr., 26S m. W. Albany. Pop. 1 O'.'S. Brandywine, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : 23 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. BnANDTwrNE, p. v., Prince George's Co., Md. : 36 m. S. W. Annapolis. Beand^ttine creek: rises in Pennsylvania, whence it flows S. into Delaware, and after uniting with Christina cr. it enters the Delaware, forming the harbor of Wilmington. It is navigable to Brandywine village, at which point there is 6 or 7 feet water at tide; and furnishes excellcnl mill sites, which are occupied by numerous flour mills. Brandywine, hund., Neue;isllo county. Del.: between Brandywine cr. and Delaware r.. and contains 22,166 acres. It ha? numerous flour and i>ilier mills. Pop. 3.492. Brandywine Manor, p. o., Chesli-r co., Penn. BnANDVWiNR MiLiA, p.o.. Summit co., Ohio. Brandywine Si-kings, p. o.. Newcastle, Del. Branfc'RD, t. and p. v.. New Haven co., Omn. : on Bran- ford r. of Long Island Sound, 4:i m. S. by W. Hartford. The New Haven and New London R. R. passes through the t. 7 m. E. New Haven. Pop. 1,425, Brantingham, p. v., Lewis co., JV. 3'.; 114 ra. N. W. Albany. Beasheu's Falls, p. o.. Si. Lawrence co., N. Y. : on Deer r., and near the line of the Northern R. E., 152 m. N. W. Albany. The falls and rapids of tlie r. ftirnish extensive watcr-powrr. Beasiier's Iron Works, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.. 161 m. N. W. Albany. Brashersville, p. v.. Perry co., Ky. : 123 m. S. E. Frank- fort. Bras.«town, p. V. Union co:, Ga.: 142 m. N. by W. Milled gcville. BRAnLEitoROUGii. t. and p. v.. Windham co.. Verm.: on the W. side of Connecticut r.. 9S m. S. by E. Mnnlpelier. The Vermont and Ma-Ksachusetts R. R. and the Vernu>nt Valley R. R. here form a junction. 69 m. from Fitchburg, anrl 24 IVom Bellow's Falls. Manufactures are extensive, and the U «>ne of the most flnnrishing in the State. Thr.-o ni.-wspap'Ts are puMi^ln.l li<^re. the "Eagle.*' semi-weekly, and the " VVruH'm Phu-iiix," and the "Windham County Dcmocnil." weckh. BRATToNftviixK. p. v., Yorfc dist., S. Car.: 51 m. N. CoIund»ia. P<.p. R.S16. Bi:axt"'N county. Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 300 sq. in. Draincil by Elk and Little Kanawha rivers and their numerous tributaries. Surface hilly in the S. — in oll> 77. BRA BRI er pnrts, broken and rough. Coal 13 found in the county. Soils moderately fertile, producing wheat, corn, an utariea in the S., and by Sinking and other creeks of the Ohio in the N. Surface uneven, but soils productive. Sinks occur in this county. Farms SS9 ; manuf. 18; dwell. 1,452, and pop.— wh. 8.GI6, fr. coL 11, si. 1,966— total 10,593. O-'pital : Hardingsburg. Breeding's, p. o., Adair co., ITi/. : 73 m. S. W. Frank- fort. Beebse, p. o., Greene co., III. : 46 m. W. by S. Spring- fleld. Breinigsvtlle, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 74 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Bremen, p. v.. Cook co., lU.: 152 m. N. E. Springfield. Bbemen, p. o., Marshall co., Ind,: 106 m. N. by W. In- dianapolis. Bremen, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Ky. : on the E. Bide of Pond cr. of Green r., 146 m. "\V. S. W. FrankforL Bremen, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : occupies a penin- Bula jutting into the Atlantic, .37 m. S. by E. Augusta. It is nhnost surrounded by navigable waters. Pop. 891. Bremen, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on Kush cr., 87 m. 8. E. Columbus. 78 Bremen, p. v., St Louis co., 3fo. : 102 m. E. Jefl'crsom City. Bbemkr county, In. Situate N. E., and conUiins 4S2 sq. m. Taken from Fottowattomie in 1S51. Bbbnuam, p. v., and cap. AVashington co., Tiw. ; on New Tear's cr. of Brazos r., 84 m. E. Austin City. IJrennersville. p. v., Preble co., Ohio: 89 m. W. Co- lumbus. Brkntsvili.e, p. v., and cap. Prince William co., Virg.: on a branch of Occoquam r, 78 m. N. Kichmond. Brentwood, t and p. v., Kockingham co., N. Ifamp. : on Exeter r., 33 m. S. E. Concord. Sulphate of irou is abundant in this locality. Pop. 928. Brbst. p. o., Monroe co., Mich, : on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Stoney cr., S6 m. S. E. Lansing. The liarbor facilities are very eligible for lake craft. Brewer, t and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on the E. side of Penobscot r., opposite Bangor, 57 ni. N. E. Augusta. Brewer Centre, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 59. m. N. E. Augusta. Breweesville, p. v., Sumter co., AUi. : 105 m. "W. by N. Montgomery. S Brewersville, p. v., Jennings co., Jnd.: 67 m. S. W. Indianajiolrs. Brewerton, p. v., Onondaga co.. A''. Y. : 112 m. "W. byN. Albany. Brewerton, p. v., Laurens dist, S. Car. : 61 m. W. by N. C-olumbia. Brewer Vix-lage, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : opposite Bangor, 57 m. N. E. Augusta. Steamers call hero regu- lariy^ Brewincton, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 53 m. E. by S. Columbia. Brewster, t and p. v.. Barnstable co., Mass. : on Cape Cod Bay, 6T m. S. E. Boston. It has some manufactures, but the inhabitants are chiefly fishermen. Pop. 1,526. Brewster's Station, p. o., Putnam co., Ji. Y. : b2 m. S. Albany. Brickerville, p. v., Lancaster co., Fewn, : 23 m. E. 8. E, Ilarrisburg. Brickland, p. v., Lunenburgh co., Virg. : 66 m S. W, lUchmond. Brick Meeting IIouse, p. o., Cecil co., Md. : 59 m. N.N.E. Annapolis. , Brick Store, p. 0., Newton co., Ga. : 47 m. N. "VV. Mil- led gcville. Bricksville, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga cr., lis m. N. E. Columbus. Brickville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ahi. : a little S. of Ten- nessee r., at Muscle Shoals, and 193 m. N. by W. Mont- gomery. Bridesiiitro, p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: 91 m. E, Harrisburg. Bridge, p. 0., St Francis co.. Ark. Bridgeboroitgh, p. v., Burlington co., IT. Jer. Bridge Crfjik, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 123 m. N. E. Columbus. Bkiihiekortii's, p'o.. Limestone co., Ala. : 196 m. N. byW, Montgomery. BRiixiEHAHi'TON, p. V., SufTulk CO., IT. 1'.* ou the E. end of Long Island, on the Atlantic, 187 m. S. E. Albany. Bbk'Oepurt. t and p. city, Fuirfleld co., CV>««. ; on an arm of Long Island Sound, which receives Pequanock r., a fine mill stream, 7S m. S. W. Hartford. The harbor ia ehgible f3S. liBiDGEroRT, p. v., Huntingdon co., PetiTi, : 62 m. W. Harrisburg. BRI BRI BEtDGEPOBT, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : on National Road, 9 m. W. Intiianapolis. ' Beidgeport, p. v., Franklin co., Ey. : 5 m. froni Frank- forU BniDGEPORT, t and p. v., 8aginaw co., Mich. : on the S. side of Cass r. of the Saginaw, 61 m. N. E. Lansing:. Bridgeport, p. v., Madison co., K. Y. : on Chittenango cr. of Oneida Lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. Bridgeport, p. v., Gloucester co., IT. Jer. : S4 m. 8. by W. Trenton. Bridgeport, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r. opposite Wbecling:, 114 m. E. Columbus. It will eventually be an important U. R. centre, where the lines from Penn- sylvania and Virginia will connect with those of Ohio. The " Belmont Farmer," an agricultural paper, is issued month- ly. Its trade Is considerable, and it has some substantial warehouses. Bridgeport, p. v., Harrison co., Virg.: 1S6 m. N. W. Richmond. Bridgeport, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : on E. eide of Fox r., 123 m. N. E. Madison. Bridgeport, p. v., Jackson co., Ja. : on Makoqnela r., 57 m. N. E. Iowa Cily. Bridgeton, p. v., port, and cap Cumberland co., J^. Jer. : on Cohansey cr., 20 m. up, and 60 m. S. Trenton. Sloops come up to the port, and the v. has considerable business. Shipping owned in the district 14,4T2 toiw. Two news- papers, the "Bridgeton Chronicle'' and the "New Jersey Pioneer," are issued weekly. On the "W. eido of the cr. are extensive iron works. Pop. oft. 2,446. Beidgeton, p. v., Paric co., Ind. : 61 m. W. Indianapolis. Bridgeton, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me,: on Long Pond, 51 m. S. W. Augusta. From Uirs point there is a navigable communication to Portland through the Oxford and Cumberland Canal. Pop. 2,710. Bridgeton, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo.: 13 m. N. W. St. Louis and 101 m. E. Jefferson City. Bridgeton, p. v., Shelby co., Ala.: 62 m. N. N. "W". Montgomery. Bridgetown, p. v., Caroline co., Md.: 42 ni, E. Anna- polis. Bridge Valley, p. o., Bucks co., Penru. Bridgeville, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. '■ Bridgeville, p. v.. Sussex co.. J>el. : on the 9. side of Nauticoke r., 8S m. W. by S. Bovcr. Br.iDGKviLLR, p. v., WarrcH co., K Jer. : on Pequest r., 43 m. N. by "W. Trenton. Bridgeville, p. v., Sullivan co., Al T.: 92 m. S. "W. Albany. Beidgeville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: 51 m. E. Columbus. Beidgewater, p. v., Litchfield co., Comi. : 5Q m. W. Hartford. Bridgewatee, p. v., Washtenaw eo., Mich. : on N. branch of Raisin r., 57 ra. 9. E. Lansing. Bridgewatee, L and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: on Taunton r., 29 m. S. Boston. Fall River K. R. passes through the L, and the Bridgewater Branch R. R. extends between South Abinglou and Bridgewater. It has numer- ous manufactures. Pop. 2,7y0. Bridgewatee, t and p. v., Grafton co., A^ ITamp : be- tween Pemegewasset r. and Newfound Lake, 30 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 664. Bridgewatee, p. t-, Oneida co., A': J'., on a cr. of Un- adilla r., 7S m. W. Albany. Pop. 1,303. Bridge water, t. and p. v., Wilbams co., Ohio: on the St Josephs of the Maiimee, 13S m. N. W. Columbus. P.493 Bridgewater, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., Jfe. Pop. 14!'. Beidgewater, p. v., Bucks co., Peiin. : 103 ra. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. BarpGEWATER, p. v., Rockingham co., Ilrs;. :'iOi m. N. W. Richmond. P.EinoF.wATEB, p. L, Windsof CO., Verm.: on "Water- , queochy r.. 46 m. S. Montpelier. Soapstone is extensively quarried in this t., uho iron. Killington Peak lies on the W. border. Pop. 1,311. Brii'LE Creek, p. o., Grayson co., Virff.: 200 m. W. by S. Richmond. BuiDPORT, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm.: on Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 41 m. W. S. W. Mont- pelicr. The waters of the t. are strongly impregnated with sulpiiate of magnesia. Pop. 1,393. BniF.R Creek, p. o., "Wilkca co., W. Car. : 139 ra. "W". by N. Raleigh. Brier Creek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 69 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Brter Hill, p. o., St Lawrence co., N. Y. : 169 in. N. W. Albany. Brigg's Mills, p. o., Ohio CO., Ky. : 123 m. "W by S. Frankfort, BiuGHT, p. 0., Dearborn co., Ind.: 73 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Brighton, L and p. o., Essex co., Verm, : on the Green Mountains near the Canada border, 52 m. N. E. Montpelier. St. Francis r. has its source in this loeality. Pop. 193. BiiiGUTON, p. v., Macoupin co,. lU.: 42 m. S. by W. Springfield. IJuionTON, p. v., Beaufort disL, S. Car.: 103 m. S. Co- hinibia. Brighton, t. and p. v., "Washington co., la. : on the S. side of Skunk r., 85 m. S. by "W. Iowa City. Pop. 243. BiuGHToN, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 43 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 748. Brighton, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 53 m. E. by S. Lansing. P. p. 1,015. Brighton, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Charles r., 5 m. \^\ Bgston, with which it communicates by R. R, The Bost^in cattle market is located here, and in 1S49 the animals soM counted 46,405 beef cattle, 20,035 store cattle, 14^,965 sheep, and 80,120 swine, valued at $3,976,265. A cemetery has been lately established. Assessed valuation $1,146,212. Pop. 2,356. Brighton, t and p. v., Monroe co., M Y. : on the Erie Canal, 259 m. from Albany. Pop. 3,117. Brighton, v., Richmond co.. A' Y.: a beautiful village and suninuT resort on Staten Island, 152 m. 8. Albany. Brighton, t. and p. v., Loraiuo co., Ohio: on tlie W. branch of Black r, S6 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 669, Brighton, p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: on "W. side Big Beaver r., 4 m. from its mouth, and 193 m. W. Harrisburg. It is connected with New Brighton by a fine bridge. The Ohio and Pennsylvania R. II. passes Brighton, 33 m. from PitLshurg Brighton, t. and p. v., Kenosha co.. TTi'sc. ; 117 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 810. Brighton, v., Sacramento co., CitU/.: on E. side of Sa- cramento r.. 53 m. N. W. Vallejo. Bright Seat, p. v., Anne Amndel co., Md. Bbightsville, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car.: on Crooked cr. of Great Pedee r., 94 m. N. E. Columbia. Bri-mfield, p. 0., Peoria co., lU. : 46 m. N. by "W. Spring- fiekl. BuiMFiELD, t and p. v., Hampden co., Mans. : on Chico- pec and Quinnebaug r., 63 m. "W. 8. "W. Boston. P. 1,421. Brimfield. t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 113 ra. N. E. Columbus. Pop. l,(i]5. Brindletown, p. v., Burke co., K. Car. : on the E. side of Silver cr. of Calawb.i r., 163 m. W. Raleigh. Bringham's Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 62 m. N. yV. Indianapolis. Bringiers, p. v., and cap. St, James par.. La. : on W. side of Mississippi r., 35 m. S. Baton Rouge. Brinkleyvili.e, p. v., Halifax co,, A^ Car. : on Little Fishing or., .M m. N. E. Raleigh. Brinton, p. v.. Champaign co., Ohio: 52 m. Vf. by N. Columbus. 70 BBI BRO Bp.iscok Ta-N, p, o., Wood co., Virg. : 240 m. TV. N. "W. r»ichmond. BBiSTER6BURGn, p. V., Fauquier co., Vtrg. : 89 m. N. by W. Kichmond. BnisTOi. county, J/a.*.s. Situate S. E. on Ruzzanls' Bay, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by Taunton and other rivers. Coasts deeply indented. • Surface level ; soils Diod- tratcly fertile. Navigation and manufactures employ most oftlie inliabitanls. Farms2,G50; nianuf. 562 ; dwell. 12,184, and pop.— wh. 74.760, fr. col.. l,43'.^total 76,192. Capi- tals: New Bedford and Taunton. Puhlic Works: Boston and Providence E. K. ; Fall Kivcr R. R. ; Taunton and New Bedford K. K., etc. Bkistol county, /?. / Sitimte E. between Ml. Ilope and . Narraganset bays, and contains 90 sq. m. Surface diversi- fied : soils, a gravelly loam and fertile. Farms 200 ; nianuf. 87; dwell. 1,167, and pop.— wh. 8,190, fr. col. 824— total 8,514. CapiUil : Bristol. Bristol, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Cmin. : on branches of Farmington r., 14 m. "W. by S. Hartford. It is distin- guished for its manufacturing industry, and especially for its clocks, etc. Pop. 2,SS4. Bristol, p. v., Kendal! co., III. : on W. side Fox r., op- posite Yorkville, 139 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Bristol, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 29 m. N. N. "W. Annapolis. Bristol, t, and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. skle of Damariscotta r. at its mouth, 80 m. S. by E. Augusta. It has a good harbor, and some shipping engaged in the coasting trade and fisheries. Pop. 2,910. Bristol, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. ITainp. : between Pemegawasflct r. and Newfound Lake, 81 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 1,108. Bristol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K Y. ; on Mudd cr., 162 m. AV. Albany. Bristol, t. and p. v., Morgan co., Ohio : on Meigs cr. of Muskingham r., 60 m. E. by S. Columbus. Pop. 1,725, Bristol, t and p. v., Bucks co., Penn, : on the W. bank of Delaware r., and the E. terminus of the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 108 m. E. Harrisburg. Im- mense amounts of coal ar-e deposited here and shipped to the E. A newspaper, the "B. Gazette," is published week- ly. The Trenton and Philadelphia E. K. passes through Bristol, 19 m. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,67S. Bristol, t., p. v., port, and cap. Bristol co., P. L: on the E. side of Narragansctt Bay, 18 m. S. by E. Providence. It has a good harbor, and is extensively engaged in coast- ing and the fisheries. Tbe shipping owned in the district, 18,193 tons. The "Bristol I'hoenix" is published weekly. Mt. Hope lies in this t., 2 m. N. E. of the C. H., which is a fine elevation of about 300 feel. Here King Philip, chief of the Pequods, held his court; the view from the summit is extensive and highly interesting. Pop. 4.016. Bristol, t. and p. v., Addison co., Vet^n.: on the New Haven r., 50 m. 8. W. Montpelier. The Green Mountains occupy the E. portions of the t, but in the "W. the surface is level and fertile. Pop. 1,344. Bristol, t. and p. v., Kenosha co., Wise. : on Dcs Phiines r, 133 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,225. Bristol Centre, p. o., Ontario co., 2Z. Y. : 192 m. W. Albany. Bristolville, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: on Grand r., 144 m. N. E. Columbus. Bristolyillh, p. v., Bai^y co., Mich. Briston, p. v., Elkhart co., Ind.: on the line of the In- diana Northern K. E., and S. of St Josei* r., 1-33 m. N. Indianapolis. Beitton's Neck, p. o., Marion dist., S- Car.: 112 m. E. Columbia. Bbi-xton, p. v., Alexandria co., Virg. : 9S m. N. Rich- mond. ■ BnoAnAi.niN, t. and p. v., Fulton co.,^'; F. ; 86 m. N. "W. Albany. Pop. 2,474. 80 Broad Brook, p. o., llarlford co.. Conn. Bkoad Creek, hund., Sussex co., Del. : between Broad cr. and Nanticoke cr, and contains 60,S60 acres. Pop. 2,712. Broad Creek, p. o.. Queen Anne co., Md. Broaoford, p. v., Sniylh co., Virg. Bboadkiln, hund., Sussex co., Del. : jn the N. E. part of the CO., and contiiins S,91G acres. Pop. 8,927. Broad Mou.ntain, p. >>., Schuylkill co., J'enn, Broad Oaks, p. o., Pope co., III.: 272 m. S. Springfield. Broad Eippi-e, p. o., Marion co., Ind. ; . Albany. It has some manufactures, and a weekly newspaper, the '• B. Watchman." Brock's Crobsimg, p. o., St. Croix co., Wise. : 212 m. N. W. Madison. Brock's Gap, p. c, Rockingham co., Virg. : 102 m. N. "W. Richmond. Broke:* Arkow, p. o., SL Clair co., Ala. : lOS m. N Montgomery. Broken Sword, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 62 m. N Columbus. Bronson, p. o., Huron co., Ohio : 73 m. N. Columbus. Bronbon's Prairib, p. 0., Branch co., Mich, : 97 m. S. W. Lansing. Brookdale, p. 0., M'Henry co., Ill, : 278 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Brooke county, Virg, Situate N. W., between the Ohio r. and the Pennsylvania State line, and contains 154 sq. m. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Iron ore and bituminous coal are abundanU Farms 2S4; manuf.20; dwell. 839, and pop.— wh. 4,923, fr. col. 100, si. 81— total 5,054. CapiUil: ■\Vcll9burg. Puhlic Works: Pittsburg and Stcubenville E. R. Erookfield, t and p. v., Fairfield co.. C(), 7475 ; in 1S30, 15,396 ; in 1840, 36.2:33; and in 1850, 96,!^33. It is now the eighth, in regard to population, in tlie Union, and the second in the State. Dwell., in 1850, 10,197. Value of real estate $32,010,711, and of personal property $3,950,589. Brooklyn was originally built on very uneven ground, and still— although the grades have been greatly leveled— retains many of the natural beauties for which it was so pre-eminent. The Heights of Brooklyn, seen JVora the New York side of the East Kiver, are unrivalled as city Bcenerj', and there are also, farther back, eminences which afford fine localities for residences. The streets are regu- lariy laid out, and are from 60 to lOD feet wide ; and on the whole, no other city of the Union has so many substantial and handsome public buildings. The City Hall is a fine marble structure, at the head of Fulton-street, and the bank- ing houses, school-houses, and churches are elegant and commodious. It is £A-^ city of churches. The city is divi- ded into eleven wards, and governed by a mayor and common council, and in its police arrangements is much superior to the neighboring city of NewYork. It is lighted throughout with gas, which has also been generally intro- duced into the dwellings of the rich ; and there is a project on foot liir introducing into the city a supply of water from the S. side of Long Island. At present, water is supplied from the public pumps or cisterns; and in case of an ex- tensive fire, there is not a sufficiency. The charter officers of the city are the mayor, complroller, street commissioner, commissioner of repairs and supplies, collector of taxes, and chi^-r of police; and for each ward an aldennan and assist- ant aldenurin, a supenLsor, an assessor, a commissioner 6 of excise, and constable. These arc electLxl by the citizene, and form respectively boards intrusted with the city gOT- ernment. The city clerk, the attorney and counselor, the health officer, the city treasurer, the sealer of weights and measures, the clerk of police and justices courts, the city surveyors, etc., are appo'uited by the common council. For police purposes, the city is divided into four districts, each, except the first district {which has 48), having 32 police- men, under a captain and two assisUint captaiiLs. The commerce of Brooklyn is relatively large; but asth^ city is within the collection district of NewYork, no separate returns are made in the published accounts. The rivvr front of the city is literally fringed with wharves, and backed by extensive warehouses, while the Atlantic Dock and lis im- mense stores enhance the importance of its shijiiiing facili- ties. The dock contains 42} acres, and the pier front, facing on Buttermilk Channel, has a length of 3.000 feet. Ships of the largest size enter it, and unload into the adjuining stores by means of patent cranes, worked by steam-jiower. Other dock facilities are about to be built bcyonery. The surface is of every va- riety, interspersed with ponds and lakelets, and from its higher parts commands an extensive view of the harbor, and the scenery of the Ion cr Hudson. Its monuments, erected in memory of the dead, some at the expense of the public or societies, and others in commemoration of private friendships or relations, are of everj- description, but chiefly of white marble, and finely sculptured. Altogether, it is the most extensive an46. Capital: Nashville. Brown county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on Ohio r., and con- tains 4fiS sq. ni. Drained by White Oak, Spaight, Eagle, and Red Oak creeks. Surface generally level — on the Ohio somewhat broken; soils fertile, producing fine crops of wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. Farms 1,^3; manuf. 92: dwell. 4.S3S, and pop.— wh. 26,520, fr- col. 812- total 27,882. Capital: Georgetown. BRO BRU Bp.owx county, ]f7w. Situate N. E., at the head of Groc-n Eay, and contains 472 sq. m. Surface divcrsitieil, with woodland and prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 190; manuf.'iT; dwell. 1,003, and pop.— wh. (5,173, fr. onl. 42— total G.215. Cajrital : De Pcre. Erownfield, I. and p. v., Oxford co., ^fe.: on Saw r., 63 m. "W. S. "\V. Au^'usta. Pop. 1,320, Bkowniielm, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on Vermil- lion r. of Lake Erie, 104 m. N. by E. Columbus. V. 1,0S2. Browning, p. o., Schuyler co., III.: S9 m. Y/. N. W. SprinL'ficlii. BnowNiNGTon, L and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : on Wil- louffliliy cr. of Barton r., 39 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. TIic Connecticut and Passumsic Kivcrs P. P. passes throug:h the t. Pop. 613. BuowNiXGTox, p. v., Butler co., Peim. : VJ'i m.^^'. l>y N. Harrisburg. Brownington Centre, p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 39 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. BnowN'3, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: 29 m. N. Co- lumbia. Brown's Bluff, p. o., Sumfcr co., Ala.: on Tombigbce r., luS m. AV. by N. Montgomery. BnowNSBORorGH, p. v., Oldham co., -ffy. : on the line of the . Louisville and Frankfort P. P., 37 m, N. V^. Frank forL Brownsburg, p. v., Hendricks co., /«(?. ; 13 m. N". W. Indianapolis. Brownsdueg, p. T., Bucks co., Pcjin.: on "^. side of Delaware r., 123 m. W. IXarrisbura:. Brownsburg, p. v., Pockbridge co., Virg. : lOG m. "W. by N. Pichmond. Brown's Corner, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : G m. distant from Augusta. Br.owN's CaV'e, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 71 m. W. by J. Pichmond. Brown's Grove, p. c, Hamilton co., Ohio : ISG m. S. "W. Columbus. Brown's Mills, p. o., Washington co., Ohio: 99 m. E. by S. Columlms. Brown's Mills, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jcr. Brown's Store, p. t., Warren co., Ohio: S"2 m. S. "U". Columbus. Brownstown, p. v., Sevier co., A/-1:: 133 m. "W. S. ^X. Little Pock. Brownstown. p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Ind. : on the E. side of a branch of E. f.rk of White r.. 61 m. S. Indian- apolis. The "Jackson County Advocate'' is published weekly. Pop. 1,732. Brownstown, t. and p. v., Wayne co., 3fich. : on Lake Erie and Detroit r., 82 m. E. S. E. Lansing. The V. is located on a cr. of the same name, 2 m. fVom the lake. Pop. 1,047. Brown's Vallkv, p. o., Montgomery co., I/id. : 42 in. W. by N. Indianapolis. Brownsville, p. o., Talladega co., Ahi. : 6S m. N. Mont- gomery. Brownsville ( foi'iiwrb/ GRXjiit Prairie), p. v., and cap. Prairie co., ArK: Brownsvillf., p. v.. Union co., Ind.: on E. fork of White r.. and on the line of the Junction R. P.. C4 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Brownsville, p. v., and cap. Edmonson co., Ki/,: on the S. side of Green r., 102 m. S. W. Frankfort. BiiowxsviLLE, p. v.. Cameron co., Tea". ; on the N. bank of the Rio Grande, somewhat below Malamoras, 326 m. S. Austin City. It is a flourishing v., and has considerable commerce with the river to^^iie. Fort Brown was located here, and gives name to the v. The " Bio Grand Sentinel" and " American Flag" are weekly newspapers published here. Brownsvillf.. p. v., Piscataquis co., J/>. ; on Pleasant r. of the Piscataquis, 73 m. X. E. Augusta. , WasbingL-n co., ML: 73 m. X. W. Brownsville, p. Annapolis. BR0^VNSVILLE, p. V., Hiuds CO., JfifiS. Browns^tlle, p. v., Saline co., Jfo. : on N. side of Black r., SS m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Brownsville, p. v., Granville co., X. Car. : on Grass cr. of Poanoko r., 49 m. N. Raleigh. Brownsville, p. v., Johnson co., Arl: : 86 ni. W. N. W. Lillle pock. Brownsville, p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: 26 m. E. Co- lumbus. Pop. -is;0. Brownsville, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on the I', bank of Monongahela r., at the mouth of Redstone cr., 1>9 in. W, Ilarrisburg. The National Koad here crosses the r. by a tino bridge. Three newspapers, the " B. Free Press" ;iud the " B. Herald" (both whig), and the " Cumberland Pres- byterian." are published weekly. Pop. 2.3r9. BRowNS^^LLE, p. v., Marlborough dist.. S. Car. BnowKsviLLK, p. v., and cap. Haywood ro., Tenji.: 14G ra. W. by S, Nashville. The line of the Mobile and Ohio R. R. will pass through or near this village, pop. 971. Brownsville, p. v. Windsor co., Verm. : 4$ m. S. Mont- pelier. Browntown, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 123 ni, N. Ilarrisburg. Brownville, t. and p. v., JetTerson co., K. Y. : on Lake Ontario, N. of Black r., 14S m. N. E. Albany. Tho Cape Vincent Extension of the Watertown and Rome R. R. passes through the v., 76 m. from Rome and 21 m. fi-(»in Cape Vincent. The lower falls of Black r. furnisli exten- sive water-power, and below them the river is navigable from the lakes. Pop. 4,2S2. Brownville, p. v., Ogden co., IftaJi Ter. Erucetuwn, p. v., Frederick co., Virg.: 122 m. N. W. Riehmon\van r. Surface diversified, and soils of moderate ferlilily, pro. during abundantly In, fr. col. 543. si. S.4o6— toUiI 13,894. Capital : LawrcnceviHo. Brunswick, p. v., port,«nd cap. Glynn co., O-r. : on the IC. side of Turtle r., 163 m. S. E. Milledgeville. Us harbor is "paciou^, safe, and is accounted the best S. of .Masmi and Dixon's line. Ships drawing not more than 13 feet can BRU BUG pass the bar at low tide. The v. is 13} m. above the bar and S m. above the lighthouse on St. Simon's Island. The ship- ping or the district in 1S50 was 533 tons. The Brunswick (?anal extends to the Alataniaha r. 12 in., and it is proposed to l)uild a railroad from Brunswick to Thomasville, with a brunch to Tallahassee, and other branches from Troupville to Albany and from Thomasville tn Bainbridge on Flint r. These, when completed, will raise Brunswick to a high rank as a Southern port. Brunswick, p. v., Peoria co., HI.: 93 m. N. by "W. opringfield. Brunswick, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me, : on An- droscogpn r., near its mouth, 29 m. S. by W. Augusta. Lat. 430 r)3' N. and 69° 55' 01" W. The r. furnishes a navi- gation for steamers and extensive mill-power. Large quantities of lumber are brought to this pt>rt from the bord- ers of the Androscoggin, and a great deal is sawed at this point. A bridge connects it with Topsham, over which the Kennebec and Portland II. K. passes, 27 m. from l*ort- land, a branch of which li. R. also runs to Bath, 9 m. Bowdoin College, founded 1794, is located here, and has a medical school. Pop. 4,976. Brunswick, p. v., Chariton co., 3[o. Brunswick, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 104 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,417. Brunswick, t. and p. v., Essex co., Venn. : on Nulhe- ghan r. and Paul's stream of the Connecticut, 54 m. N. E. Montpclier. Two considerable ponds He in the town, dis- charging their waters into the Connecticut Pop. 119. Brush Creek, p. o., Randolph co., N'. Car. : 37 m. N. Taleigh. Brush Ckeek, p. o., Perrj' co., Ala. : 62 m. "W. by N. Montgomery. Bbcsii Creek, p. o., Knox co., lU. : lOS m. N. N. "W. Springfield. Beusu IIill, p. o., Du Page co., HI.: 232 m. N. E. Springfield. BBusnLiND, p. o., Delaware co., N. Y. : 62 m. S. W. Albany. Brush Kun, p. o., "Washington co., Pervn. : 203 m. "W. Harrisburg. Brush Mills, p. o., Franklin co., 2^. Y. : on the line of the Northern (Ogdensburg) E. R., 68 m. from Rouse's Point and 49 from Ogdensburg ; and 149 m. N. N. Vt. Albany. Brush Valley, p. o., Indiana co., Peivn. : 142 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Beukhville, p. v.. Queen's co., K. Y. : on the line of the Long Island R. R., 14 m. from Brooklyn, and 148 S by E. Albany. Brushy Creek, p. 0., Anderson dist., -S". Car. .• lOS ra. N. W. Columbia. Brushy Flat, p. 0., "Watauga co., K. Car. Brushy Fork, p. o.. Coles co., lU, : on Brushy fork of Embarras r., 107 m. E. Springfield. Brurih' Prairie, p. o., La Grange CO., Jjid.: 128 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. BnuYNSwicK, p. v., Ulster co., JV. Y.: 74 m. S. by W. Albany. Bryan county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and contains 472 sq. m. Drained by Cannouchee and Ogecchee rivers. Surface low and flat, with much swamp ; soils ligjit and s:mdy. Farms 209, dwell. 212, and pop.— wh. 1.1 G4, fr. col. 15, si. 2,245— total 3,4W. Capital: Eden. Bryan, p. v., Saline co.. Mo.: on a or. of Salt fork of Black r., 76 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Bryan, p. v., and cap. Williams co., Ohio : on Lick cr. of Tiffin r., 132 m. N. W. Columbus. The "Family Visitor" (dem.) is puhlinhed weekly. Bryansburcii, p. v.. JefTerson co., Ind.: on the E. of Big er., 91 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Bryantown, p. v., Chark-s co., 3fd. : 36 m. S. W. Anna- polis. 84 I Brtansville, p. T., York co., Perm. : 22 m. 8. Harris- burg. Bryant's Creek, p. o., Monroe co,, Ind. : 4S m. S. W. Indianapolis. Brvantsville, p, T., Lawrence co., Ind.: 63 m.S. by W. Indianapolis. Bryantsville, p. v., Garrard co., Ay.: 42 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. BuciiANAN county, la. Situate E. centrally, and c* ntains 676 sq. m. Drained by Cedar and Wabesipinicon rivers. Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils rich. Farms 4o : manuf. 1 ; dwell. 74, and pop. — wh. 517, fr. col. — total 517. Capital: Independt-nce. Buchanan county. Mo. Situate N. "W., on Missouri r., and contains 320 sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r. and ita affluents. Surface generally prairie, with some woodland. Soils excellent. Farms 1,258 ; manuf. 89 ; dwell. 2,030, and pop.— wh. 12,072, fr. col. 11, si. 902— total 12,975. Capital: Sparta. Buchanan, p. v., Alleghany co., Pert/n. : 183 m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. Buchanan, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich. : on the W. side of St. Joseph's r., 86 m. "W. S. "W. Lansing. Buck, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 42 m. S. E. Harris- burg. Buckatuney, p. o., Clark co.. Mist. : on Buckatoney r., 106 m. E. by S. Jackson. Buck Branch, p. o., De Kalb co., III.: on Somouauk cr., 212 m. N. E. Springfield. Buck Bridge, p. o., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : on Grasse r., 153 m. N. N. W. Albany. Buck Creek, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: 104 m. N, "W. Montgomery. Buck Creek, p. o., Scriven co., Ga. : on a cr. so called of Savannah r., 114 m. E. by S. Mitledgeville. Buck Cbef^, p. o., Greene co., /w7. ; C9 m. S. S. "W. Indianapolis. Buck Eye, p. 0., Laurens co., Ga. : on a cr. so called, 83 m. S. E. Milledgeville. Buck Eye, p. o., Garrard co., Ky. : 44 m. S.S. E. Frank- fort. Buck Eye, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: 102 m. N. W. Co- lumbus. Buck Eye Cottage, p. 0., Perry co., Ohio : 38 m. E. by S. Columbus. Buck Eve Furnace, p. o., Jackson co,, Ohio: (jii m. S. S. E. Columbus. Buck Eye Town, p.o., Frederick co., Md. : 68 m. N. W. Annapolis. BucKFiEUJ, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me, : on a branch of the Androscoggin r., 31 m. "W. by S. AugusUu A branch of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence B. R., 13 m. long, reaches this place ft-om Mechanic's Falls, 36 m. Portland. P. I,r5 1 Buck Grovk, p. o.. Rush co., Ind. : S3 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. BucKHANNON, p. o., Lcwis CO., Virg. : 194 m. W. N. TV. Richmond. Buck Heap. p. o., Morgan co., Qa. : on Oconee r., 27 ra. N. Milkdgcville. Buck Head, p. 0., Fairfield dist, iS. Car. : 89 ra. N. by "W. Columbia. Buck Head Causey, p. o., CoUeton disL, S. Car.: 106 m. S. by E. CoIuiDbia. Buck Hollow, p. o., Franklin co., Venn. : 42 m. N.N.W. Montp flier. BucKUOKN. p. o., Winston c«.. Miss. : S2 m. K. E. Jack- son. Buckuorn. p. o.. Brown co., P}. : 88 m."W. by N. Spring- field. BucKiioRN, p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : 117 N. "W. Milledge- ville. IJucKHORN, p. o., Bienville par.. La. : 1S7 m. N. "W, Baton Rouge. BUG BUF BuCEnoK.v, p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 73 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Buckingham county, Virg. Situate centrally, S. of James r.,and contains 520 sq.m. Drained by tributaries of James r. Surface undulalina: and variims, and Ihc soils ordinarily fertile. The productions are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco, with some cotton. Farms 616; manuf. 5; dwell. 1,062, and pop.— wh. 5,426, fr. col. 250, si. S.161— total 13,S37. Ciipifnl : Maysvillc. Fttldic Works : Eiclimond and Lynch- burjr K. R. Buckingham, t. and p. v., Bucks co., Pmn, : 112 m. E. Harrisburg. The inhabitants are ciiicfly Quakers. Buckingham, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., Virff.: 62 m. W. Uichniond. BucKLAXD, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Sfass.: on S. side of Deerfield r., 91 m. "W. Boston. Pop. 1,056, BucKLAND, p. o.. Prince William co., Vir{/. : on the N. side of Occnquan r., S4 m. N. by W. Richmond. BucKLAND, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. BucKLLv, p. v.,Winncbago co., I!L : 267 m. N. Springfield. Buck Point, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 67 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Buck Peairie, p. o., Lawrence co.. 3fo. : on N. side of Honey cr., 138 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Buckram, p. v., Queens co., 3'. Y. : on Beaver Dam cr., 122 m. S. by E. Albany. Bucks county, Penn. Situate S. E. on Delaware r., and contains M6 sq. m. Drained by Neshaminy and Tohickon creeks, and the head waters of Perkiomen cr. Surface hilly, or rather rolling, but beautifully diversified, and soils of average ferlilily. "Wheat and other grains are heavy crops. The county is noted for its pottt-ry. Farms 4,707; manuf. 636 ; dwell. 9.757, and pop.— wh. 54,366. fr. cn|. 1,725 —total 56,091. CopiUil: Doylcstown. PuUic ![(»/•/:.•*; Nor- riatown, Doylcstown, and New Hope E. R. ; Trenton and Philadelphia E. R. ; and Delaware Division of Pennsylva- nia Canals. Bucks, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : 123 m. N. R Columbus. Buckskin, p. o., Gibson co.,/rtc7. ; 112 m. S. W. Indiana- polis. BucKSPORT, t. and p. v.. Hancock co.. Jfe. : on E. side of tlie Penobscot r.. 56 m. E. by N. Augusta. It has a fine harbor and considerable trade, especially in lumber. A ferry is established on tlie river. Pop. 3,3S1. BucKSPOKT Centre, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 59 m. E. by N. Augusta. BrcKSTowN, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : lOS m. W. by S. Harrisburg. BucKSviLLE, p. v., Bucks CO., Penn.: 112 m. E. Harris- burg. BCCK6TILLE, p. V., Horry disL, S. Cur. : 113 m. E. Columbia. BuckTootii, p. o.. Cattaraugus co.. y. Y. : 256 m. W.S.W. Albany. Bucyrus, t, p.v., and cap. Crawfonl co., Ohio : on the S. side of Sandusky r., 56 m. N. Columbus. Il is one of the most flourishing towns of the State, anj. : 44 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Buena Vista, p. o., Monroe co., Ahi. ; 71 m. S. W. Moul- gomery. BuENA Vista, p. o., Stephenson co., lU.: 273 tu. N. Sprhig field. BuENA Vista, p. o., Platte eo.. Mo.: 156 m. \i . by N. Jefferson City. BuEXA Vista, p. o., Chickasaw co., MIsh. : 132 ni. N. E. Jackson. BuKNA Vista, p. o., Clinton co., la.: on the N. -side of Wapsijiinicon r. of the Mississippi, 42 m. E. by N. lowu City. BuKNA Vista, p. o., Shelby co., Tex.: 231 m. E. N. E. Austin City. BuENA Vista, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 9S m. N. W. Columbia, BuENA Vista, p. o., Marion co., Ga.: 78 m. S. W. Mil- led geville. BuENA VisTA, p. o., Holmes co.. Ohio : 6S m. N. E. Columbus. EUENA VlSTA, p. Madison. BuENA Vista Furnace, p. o., Rockbridge co., Virg.: 113 m. W. by N. Richmond. BuENA Vista Springs, p. o., Logan vo.^Ki/.: 144 ru. S. W. Frankfort. Buffalo, p. v., Washita co., Arl: : S6 m. S. by W. Lillle Roek. Buffalo, p. v., "White co., Ind. : on the E, side of Tippe- canoe r., S3 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Buffalo, p. v., and cap. Dallas co.. Mo. : S3 m. S. by W Jefferson City. Buffalo, post city, port uf entry, and cap. Erie co., a: )'. ; at the outlet of Lake Erie, and llie bead of Niagara r.. 254 m. W. Albany. Tlie city lies on Buffalo cr., whieli falls into the lake, and eonsliluti-s its harbor. The tiistance to Albany by railroad is 323 m., and by canal 364 ni. Lat. 42^ 53' N., and I.mg. 7S^ 55' W. Pop. in 1S40, 1S,2I3, and in l'^50. 42.260. Buffalo is tiio great entrcpfit Itctwceii the norlh-wcsl and the slates of the Atlantic sea-board— the gate through which the bulk of conimereial material must puss for a market. Its position is unriv.^lell on llie lakes, ami from the ailvaul- ages possessed by its pert it has become the rendezvous for a vast tonnage employed on these wrsti-rn waters. The harbor is spacious and safe, the creek having a 'leplh of 13 or 14 feet for a mile up, and being from 12 to 16 rods wide. Its only obstruction is the snnd and cravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of wiu'l, but this di-f.-ct has been obvia- li"*! by the extension of u pier 1.5uii feet It.nir from the S. side of the entrance. This pier, wliioh iias a IlL'lii-houso at its end, operates as a breakwater, and, by cnntining tlio creek, has cleared its elumncl, so that vessels drawing S feet pass in without dilTieuity. The increasing commerce of the port, however, demanila greater accommo4lations, and several valuable in>provenienls are projected in the har- bor. The land on which the city is built rises by a very gentle ascent two miles from the water, and from its higher parts affords fine views of the neighboring scenery, tlie lake, tiio Niagara River, anrming the material of this commerce, we find the sugars of Louisiana, the cottons of Tennessee and Mississippi, the hemp of Kentucky, the furs of Missouri and the distant West, the copper of Lake Superior, the lead of Wisconsin, the agiicultural and forest products of all the St.ites border- ing on the lakes, the manufiiclures of New England and New York, and a small amount in bond and otherwise of Canadian products. The imports into Buffalo, in 1850, trom the Western Slates, consisted in part of 1,103,089 bar- 8a BUF rels of flour, 3,681,346 bushels of wheat, 2,693,378 bu>hel3 of Indian corn, 52,124,275 feet boards and scantling, 19.9SS.962 staves, 4,568,000 shingles, 161,110 boxes and 3,153 casks of cheese, 40,135 kegs and 2,203 barrels of but- ter, 63,807 bales of wool, lo.lSO sheep, 46,448 live and 7,420 slauglitcred hogs, etc. The exports consisted of the prop- erly landed at Buffalo from the Erie Canal, the Albany and Buffalo Railroad, and the manufactures and proiluctions of the city itself; of these, castings, agricultural imple- ments, furniture, dry goods, groceries, etc., formed the great bulk, but iucludeil was almost every thing that is known to commerce. (For a/ull account of the cmnmerce of Liifa- lo, coimdt Aiulmcs' Iteport of the Trade mid Commerce of the British North American Colonial with the United States, etc., presented to the U. S. Senate [Dec. 23] j/i 1851.) The shipping owned in the collection district of Buffalo, on the 30lh June, 1850, amounted to 89,679 tons, all of the class "permanent enrolled, and licensed," of which 23,083 tons were propelled by steam, and the whole engaged in the coasting trade. The number of vessels built in the year ending at the same dale, was 7 [1,730 tons]— 1 brig, 2 schofiners, and 4 steamers. Bufl'alo has 10 banks, and one savings' institution ; also, including agencies, 44 fire, marine and life insurance com- panies. The railroads uniting Buffalo with Canada, tlie Great West, and the States eastward, are magnificent works. Those pointing east, are the great line terminating at Alba- ny, and there connecting with the New England and Southern New York roads, and the navigation of the Hud- son; and the several lines uniting witli the New York and Erie R. R., known as the Bufl'alo and New York City R. 1!., and the Bufl'alo, Corning, and New York R. E. The West is reached by the Bufl'alo and State Line R. R., which con- nects with the system of roads in Ohio and the other lake States, and extends to the Mississippi River ; and Canada will be reached by the Bufl'alo and Brandtford E. R., the Great Western E. R., and others now being constructed. I'.ailroads also run to Niagara, Lewistown, etc. There are also several plank roads centering in Bufl'alo, and reaching back to the principal villages in tlie county. Buffalo was founded in ISOl by tho Holland Land Com- pany, but for a long period it made little progress, since in 1S14, when burned by the British, it did not contain more than 200 houses ; nor was it until the Erie Canal opened a navigable passage from the lake to the Hudson River, that it exhibiteil any uncommon rapidity of growth. Since that period, however, its prosperity has been unbounded, ami its rise in tlie scale of importance as a commercial city has been such as its original founders could never have dreamed of. It now ranks as the fourth city of the State, and the iwelfth of the United States, in respect of population, and in a commercial point of view is surpassed by only three or four of our sea-board ports. BuFP.iLO, p. t, Guernsey CO., Ohio : on Buffalo fork of Seneca cr., 09 m. E. Columbus. Pop. S34. BuFF.vw, I. and p. o., Washington CO., reim. : 1S9 m. W. Harrisburg. Bi'rp-Ai.0, p. v., Perry eo., Tenn. : on Buffalo r. of the Tennessee, 03 m. W. S. W. Nashville. BuFP.\i.o, p. v., Putnam eo., )'»'(/. -• on tho E. side of Great Kanawha r., 253 m. W. by N. Richmond. Buffalo, p. v., Henderson co.. Ten: : on the N. bank of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. Buffalo City, p. v., Marion co.. Ark. : 104 m. N. Little Eock. Buffalo Ckeuk, p. o., Campbell Co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called of Ihe S. fork of Cumberland r., 132 m. E. by N Nashville. BcTFALO Cross Eoads, p. o., Union CO., Penn. : 63 m N. bv W. Harrisburg. Buffalo Fokd, p. o., Wythe co., Tirg.: 203 m. W. by 3. Eichmond. BUF BUR Brrr'ALO Ford, p. o., iiuddolph cu., iV. C- V., and cap, Boone co,, Ky. : 57 m. N. by E. Erankfnrl. The '' B. Advertiser" (whig) is published weekly. Burlington, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me.: 92 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 4S1. Burlington, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : on St. Joseph r., 49 m. S. S. "W. Lansing. Pop. 811. Burlington, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Shaw- sheen r., 14 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 547. Burlington, t., p. city, and port of entry, Burlington co., y. Jer.: on the E. side of the Delaware, opposite Bristol, 13 m. S. by W. Trenton, and on the Camden and Amboy E. R., 16 m. from Camden. The city is encircled S. and E,, by a small stream, so as to form an island, which is connected with the main by bridges and causeways. Bur- lington was founded 167s. and incorporated 17S4. The shipping of the district in 1S50 amounted to 7,578 tons. It S8 has a newspaper, the " B. Gazette." published weekly ; aad some nianufaelures and eommereo. The official residence of the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of New Jersey ia at Riverside in this city. Fop. 5,39S. Burlington, t. and p. v., Otsego co., JV. Y. : 68 m. W. Albany. Poi>. 1.S55. Burlington, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co., Ohio: on the N. bank of Ohio r., at the extreme S. point of the State, 108 m. S. by E. Columbus. It lias various manufactures and several puldie buildings ; and enjoys considerable com- merce with the river towns. Pop. ?,529. Burlington, t. and p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : on Sugar cr., 1(12 m. N. Harrisburg. Burlington, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Chitten- den CO., VentK: on Lake Champlain, 31 m. W. N. W. Montpelier. Lot 44° 17', and long. 72° 86' W. The vUIage is situate on a bay, which, in the form of a reguL-ir curve, sets up a little on the E. side of the lake ; on the S. the level is low, but on the N. rises to a high bluff, which, dur- ing the war of 1S12, was strongly fortified. The streeJs crosa each other E. and W. and N. and S., forming regular squares. Near the centre is a fine area on which the C. 11. is located. Many of the houses are handsome structures, generally surrounded by shrubberj", with gardens in the rear; and there are commodious str)res and warehouses. It is the largest and most convenient place in the State, and has a constant connection with the railroads leading through New England to Canada and the Great AVest. The lake is here 10 m. wide, and the harbor is protected from W. winds by a breakwater. The scenery on all sides is magnificent, c(^»mbining lake and mountain views of great beauty and sublimity. The public buildings are the University of Vermont: it is an efficient and well-endowed institution, and has a medical department; the co. buildings, banks, eluirehcs, and several academic edifices. In the neigh- borhood are several flourishing manufacturing villages, cliii'fiy on Winooski or Onion r. Three newspapers are publislK'd here, the "B. Sentinel" and " B. Free Press," daily and weekly, and the " Courier," weekly. The ship- ping owned in the district in 1S50 amounted to 4,530 tons, of which 3,096 tons waS navigated by steam. The clear- ances in the foreign trade in 1&49-50, amounted to a42 ves- sels, measuring 82,556 tons, and the entrances to 404 vessels, measuring 99,435 tons. The collection district of Burling- ton comprises the whole lake shore of Vermont. Pop, of t. 7,505. Burlington, p. ;t., Racine co.. Wise Pop. 1,629. Burlington Flatts, p. o., Otsego co., JV. Y. : on Whar- tons er. of XTnadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. BuRNERSViLLE, p. V., Barbour co., Virff. : 178 m. N. W. Richmond. Burnett, t and p. v.. Dodge co., Wise. : 86 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 816. Burnett Cornt:r, p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 89 m. N. E. Madison. Burnett's Creek, p. o., White co., Itid.: 92 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Buknham Village, p. v., Waldo co.. Me. Burning Spring, p. o., Wirt co., Virg. : 228 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Burns, t. and p. v., Alleghany co.. iV. Y. : on Canascra- ga cr., 217 m. W, by S. Albany. The Buffalo and New York City R. R. passes through the village, 8 m. from llor- nellsville. Pop. 961. Burns, t and p. v., Shiawassee co,, Mich. : on Shiawas- see r., 34 m. F. Lansin^ . Pop. 717. Bup.ss. p. v., Henry co., III.: 102 m. N. by W. Springs field. Burnsi'^e, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn.: 12S ra. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Bin:NS' Level, p. o., Cumberland co., JV^. Car. BuRSsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yancey co., JV^ Car. : 203 m- W. Raleigh. BUR BUT BuE^•s^^LLE, p. v., M'Donough co., W. : 107 m. N. W. Springfield. BuENSviLLE, p. v., Dallas co., Ala. : 59 m. W. Mont- gomery. BuKXT Cabins, p. o., Fulton eo., Penn. : 74 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. BuKNT Corn, p. o., Monroe co., Ala.: 74 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. Bup-NT ilii.L-S, p. o., Saratoga co., -V. 3'. ; 23 m. N. Albany. lit'RNT Okdinary, p. o., Janics City co., Virg. : 40 ra. E. by N. Richmond. Bi'KNT Prairie, p. o.. White co., ///. : 19S m. S. E. Spriugfiyld. BiTi'.NT Quarter, p. o., Dinwiddle co., Virg. : 3S m. S. S. W. Pviehmond. Burnt Shop, p. o., Orange co., -V. Citr. Bl'knt Stand, p. o., Carroll co., Ga. : 112 m. N. W. Mil- led gevi He. BuESTviLLK, p. v., Brunswlck co.. Virg. : 62 m. S. S. W. Eiehmond. BrR Oak, p. o., Mercer co., Mb.: 152 m. N. N. W. Jef- ferson City. Bi'KRiLLriLLR, t, and p. v.. Providence co., H. I. : om Branch r. of the Blackstone, 17 m. N. W. Providence. It has excellent water-power and some manufactures. Pop. 3,53>. Burr Oaks, t. and p. o., St, Joseph co.. Jficft. : on Prairie r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Southern II. P. passes through this place, 110 m. from Monroe, and 133 m. from Chicago. BiTKR'fi Ferry, p. o., Sabine par.. La. : on the Sabine r., 210 ni. N. \V. by W. Baton Pouge. Burr's Milis, p. o., Jcffersou co., Ji. Y. : 133 m. N. W. Albany. BcEESviLLE, p. v., Caroline co., Jfd.: 44 ni. E. S. E. Annapolis. Bt RRSviLLE, p. v., Kussell CO., Ala. : 73 ra. E. Mont- gomery. BuREViLLE, p. 0., Litchfield co., Caim.: on the line of the Naugatuck P. P., 67 m. from Bridgeport, and 23 m. W. by N. Hartford. BtTRSONviLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Pejui. : 108 m. E. Har- risburg. BtrRTON, p. v., Adams co.. III. : 126 m. W. Springfield. Burton, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., A'i 5'. : {S'^y creeks of Alabama r. Surface undulating, and soils of average fertility. Corn and cotton are the chief prodiirls. Farms 5.%S ; nianuf. 14 ; dwell. 1.210. and pnp.— wh. 7.162. fr. col. 35. si. 3.C39— lutal 10.S36. Cajiitirl : Greenville. Butler county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowaltomie in 1351. Butler county. A'y. Situate W. centrally, and contains 560 sq. m. lirained by tributaries " if Grerii r., which runs through il. Surface irn-gnlar, and soils ferlilf, jiroducing wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 629; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 89", and pop.— wh. 5,056, fr. col. IS, si. 631— t^al 5.755. Cajiitii! : Morgantnwn. Buti.er county. Mo. Situate S. E. on State line, and eon- tjiins 640 sq. m. Drained by St. Francjois, Big Black, and Little Black rivers. Surface prairie, and there is consider- able marsh in the county. Soils very fertile. Farms 143? dwell. 265, and pop.— wh. 1,563, fr. col. 0, si. 53— total 1,616. Capital: liutler C. IL Buti.kr county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on State line, and contains 4!^ sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Miami r., which traverses the county from N. E. to S. W. Surface uneven. Soils of excellent quality, producing wheat, corn, and oats abundantly, and excellent timber. Farms 2,262; mannf. 269; dwell. 5.315, and pop.— wh. 30,429. fr. col. 360 —total 30,789. Capital: Ifaniilton. PiihUc WnrH : Mia- mi Canal; Cincinnali, Hamilton, and Dayton R. P. ; Ifam- iltnn, l-2aton and Richmond R. P., etc. BrTLEB C'junty, Peini. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains S24 sq. ni. Drained by tributaries of AIl fr. col. 197— total 19,162. Capital : yiarshM. Public Works : Michigan Central E. R. Caliious county, Tex. Situate S. W. on Matagorda and Espiritu Santo bays, and contains about 560 sq. m. Mata- gorda island is included within this county. Drained by rivers and creeks falling into the adjacent bays. Surface low, and near the coast sandy ; the soils of the interior are rich and productive. Farms 22 ; dwell. IS2, and pop.— wh. S76, fr. col. 0, si. 234— total 1,110. Capital : Port Lavaca. Calhodn, p. v., Autauga Co., Ala. : 23 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. Calhoun, p. v., and cap. Gordon co., Ga. : on Ihe line of the Western and Atlantic K. K., SO m. from Atlanta, and 14G N. W. MiUedgeville. Calhoun, p. v., Lumpkin CO., Ga. : 137 m. N. N. W. MiUedgeville. Caliiodn, p. v., La Fayette co.. Ark, : 113 m. S. by W. Little Eock. Calhoun, p. v., Henry co.. Mo. : at the head of Tebo cr. of Uie Osage r., 79 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Calhoun, p. v., Daviess co., Ay. .■ ICl in. W. by S. Frank- fort Calhoitn, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 108 m. N. W. Columbia. Calhoun, p. v., M'Minn CO., Term. : on the N. side of Iliw assee r., 126 ni. E. S. E. Nashville. Calhoun, p. v., Kichland Co., lU. : 102 m. S. E. Spring- field. Calhoun's Mih.6, p. o., Abbeville dist, & Car. : 93 m. W. Columbia. THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. Califoiinia occupies all that portion of California Alta* westward of the following line, to wit— beginning at the Intersection o f 42° north latitude, and 120° longituile west from Greenwich, or 42° 5S' from Washington ; thence south in a direct course to 39= north latitude ; thence south-east to where the Rio Colorado intersects tiie parallel of 36° north latitude and thence down the mid channel of that river to the boundary between the United States and Mexico. Within these limits the surface measures 18S.981 square miles, or 120,947,840 acres. This grand division of California (the only part indeed, to which the name properly applies) is traversed from N. to S. by two principal ranges of mountains, called respectively Sie/ra Xevada, which divides the region from the great basin, and the Coait Paiige, running almost parallel 1« and at a short dUtance from the Pacific coast The main feature of this region is Ihe long, low, broadValley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers— the two valleys forming one— 600 miles long and 60 miles broad. Lateral ranges, parallel with the Sierra, make the structure of the country, and break it into a . C.lir..rn,. Alu in iu, f.,11 extent, a. acquired iif Mexico, lie. between 3S» anj A2' S lat., an.l KW" anj 124» W long., and ij bounded N. bj Oreeon E by ti.e cre.l of the Rocky .■Ho.inlaln., S, by Hie liio Gila and California liaja, and W. by tlie PaciSc Ocean, on whicli u l.a. a front of 9U0 m. The area included wilbin tboie limit, i. 418.fi9l iq. m. llii. eitensive territory IB now divided Into tbe SUU of Califonii., Ut«ll Territory, and {in part) the Territory of New Mexico 92 CALIFORNIA. surface of valleys and mountains— the valleys a few hundreds, and the mountains 2,000 to 4,000 feet abo?e the sea These form greater masses and become more elevated in the nortli, where some peaks, as the Shaste. entt-r the regions of perpetual snows. The great valley is discriminated only by the names of Ibe rivers that traverse it. It is a single geographical formation, lying between the two ranges, and stretching across the head of the Bay uf San Fran- cisco, with which a delta of 25 miles connects it. The two rivers rise at opposite tfnda tif this long valley, receive numerous athuents— many of them bold rivers, becoming themselves navigable rivers— flow toward each other, meet half way, and enter the bay together in the region of tide water: making a conliuuous water line from one end to tlie other. The resources of this valley, mineral and agricultural, are immense, and perhaps no part of the world affords greater facil- ities for easy development. Gold and quicksilver are the most valuable of its mineral products. The soil and climate, tliough varying nmch with locality, are generally well suited for agriculture. Westward of the rivers, the soil is chiefly dry and unproductive ; but on the east side the country is well watered and luxuriantly fertile, being intersected by numerous fine streams, forming large and beautiful bottoms of rich land, wooded principally with white oaks. The foot hills of the Sierra, which limit the valley, make a woodland country, diversified Milh undulating grounds and pretty vales. Near the Tulare Lakes, and on the margins of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, the surface is composed of level plains, gradually changing into undulating, and rolling toward the mountains. The region west of the Coast Kange to the Pacific — the only portion inhabited before the discovery of gold— has long been the seat of numeroua missions; and around these, generally situated in the most lovely vales, agriculture has converted the country into a perfect garden. All the cereals of temperate regions are cultivated, and the olive and grape thrive luxuriantly. Wheat is the first product of the north. The moisture of the coast seems particularly suited to the cultivation of roots, and to vegetables used for culinary purposes, which, in fact, grow to an extraordinary size. Few localities, indeed, can produce in such perfection so great a variety of grains and fruits. The coasts of California are generally precipitous and rugged ; and in relation to their extent present few good harbors. The bays of San Diego, Monterey, and San Francisco, are the finest, and their capacities extensive. San Francisco Bay is one of the most important in the world, not merely as a harbor, but also and mainly from the accessory advant- ages which belong to it — fertile and picturesque dependent country, general mildness of climate, connection with the great central valley, etc. When thfse advantages are taken into account, with its geographical position on the line of comumnication with Asia, its importance rises superior to all contingencies. Its latitudinal position is that of Lisbon; its climate that of Italy ; bold shores and mountains give it grandeur ; the extent and resources of its dependent country are the cynosure of the world. The bay is separated from the sea by low mountain ranges, and only a narrow gate, about a mile wide, affords an entrance. It is land-locked in every sense of the word, and protected on all sides from the weather. Passing through this narrow entrance, the bay opens to the right and left, extending in each direction about 35 miles, having a total length of TO and a coast of 275 miles. It is divided by projecting points and straits into three separate compartments, of which the northern two are called San Pablo and Suisson bays. The surface is much broken by numerous islands — some mere rocks, and others grass-covered, rising to the height of SOO to 800 feet. Directly fronting the entrance, mountains, a few miles from the shore, rise about 2,000 feet above the water, crowned by forests of lofty cypress, which are visible from the sea, and make a conspicuous landmark for vessels entering the bay. Behind, the rugged peak of Mt. Diavolo, 3,T70 feet high, overlooks the surrounding country of the bay and the San Joaquin. The shore presents a varied character of rugged and broken hills, n'lling and undulating land, and rich alluvial tracts, backed by fertile and wooded ranges, suitable for towns, tillages, and farms, with which it is beginning to be over- spread. Such is the bay and proximate country and shore of San Francisco. It is not a mere indentation of the coast, but a little sea to iLsclf. connected with the ocean by a defensible gate. The head of the bay is about 40 miles distant from the sea, and there commences its connection with the noble valley of the San Joaquin and Sacramento. The climate of Califoniia is so remarkable in its periodical changes, and for the long continuance of the wet and dry seasons, dividing as they do the year into about two equal parts, which have a most peculiar influence on the labor applied to agriculture and the products of the soil, and, in fact, connect themselves so inseparably with all the interests of the country, that it is deemed proper briefly to mention the causes which produce these changes, and which, it will be seen, must exercise an imj)ortant and controlling influence on the commercial prosperity and resources of the country. It is a well-established theory, that the currents of the air under which the earih passes in its diurnal revolutions, follow the line of the sun's greatest attraction. These currents of air are drawn toward this line from great distances on each side of it, and, as the earth revolves from west to east, they blow from north-east and south-east, meeting, and, of course, causing a calm on the line. Thus, when the sun is directly, in common parlance, over the equator, in the month of March, these currents of air blow from some distance north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn in an oblique direction triward this line of the sun's greatest attraction, and form what are known as the north- cast and south-east trade-winds. As the earth in its path round the sun grailualty brings the Ihie of attraction north in summer, these currents of air are carried -icith if; so that about the middle of May the current from the north-east has extended as far the 3Sth or 39th degree of north latitude, and by the 20th of June, the period of the sun's greatest northern inclination, to the northern portions of California and the southern section of Oregon. These north-east winds, in tlieir progress across the continent toward the Pacific Ocean, pass over the 3now-eap])ed ridges of the Uocky Mount- ains and the Sierra Nevada, and are, of course, deprived of all the moisture which can be extracted from them by the /ow temperature of those regions of eternal snow; and consequently no moisture can W precipitatcfl from them, in the form of dew or rain, in a higher temperature than that to which they have been subjccied. They therefore pass over the hills and plains of California, where the temperature is very high in summer, in a very dry slate; and. so far from being charged with moisture, they absorb, like a sponge, all that the atmosjdiere and surface of the earth can yield, until both become apparently perfectly dry. This process commences when the line of the sun's greatest attrac- tion comes north in summer, bringing with it these vast atmospheric movements, which on their approncli produce the dry season in California, which, governed by these laws, continues until some time aftir the sun rei)apscs the [.jiiator in September : when, about the middle of November, the climate being relieved from those north-east currents of air, the south-west winds set in from the ocean, charged with nioiBture, the rains commence, and continue to fall— not constantly, as some persons have represented, but with sufflcient frequency to designate the period of their continuance— from about the middle of November until the middle of May, in the latitude of San Francisco— as the ivpt sefrson. It fi.Wlows, a?^ a matter of course, that the f.?n/ neasmi commences first and continues longest in tlie southern portions of tne Siaio. f-nd that the climate of the northern part is influenced in a mucli h-s« d.irrre by the causes heretofore mentioned than any other secliou of the country'. Consequently, we find, that as low 'lowu as latitude Sd^^ rains are sufficiently frequent CALIFORNIA. in summer to render Irrigation quite unnecessary to the perfect maturity of any crop which is suited to the soil and climale. There is an extensive ocean-current of cold water which comes from the northern r<'gionii of the Pacific, or, perhaps, from the Arctic, and flows along tlie coast of Califoniia. It comes cliargcd with, and emits in its progress, cold air, which appears in the form of fog when it comes in contact with a higher temperature on the American coast— as tho gulf stream of the Atlantic exhales vapor when it meets in any part of its progress a lower temperature. This current has not been surveyed, and, therefore, its source, temperature, velocity, width, and course, have not been accurately ascertained. It is believed by Lieutenant Maury, on what he considers sufficient evidence — and no higher authority can be cited— that this current comes from the coasts of China and Japan, flows nortlnvardly to the peninsula of Kamts- chalka, and, making a circuit to the eastward, strikes the American coast in about latitude 41° or 42^, it passes thence southwardly, and finally loses itself in the tropics. Below latitude 39^. and west of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada the forests of California are limited to some scattering groves of oak in the valleys and along the borders of the streams, and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills— sometimes extending into the plains. Some of the hills are covered with dwarf shrubs, which may be used as fuel. "With these exceptions, the whole State presents a surfaeo without trees or shrubbery. It is covered, however, with various species of grass, and, for many miles from the coast, with wild oats, which in the valleys grow most luxuriantly. These grasses and oats mature and ripen early in the dry season, and soon cease to protect the soil from t!ie scorching rays of tlie sun. As the summer advances, the moisture in the atmosphere and the earth, to a considerable depth, soon becomes exhausted, and the radiation of heat from the extensive naked plains and hill-sides is very great. The cold, drj' currents of air from the north-east, after passing the Eocky Mountain^, and the Sierra Xevada, descend to the Pacific, and absorb the moisture of the atmosphere to a great distance from the land. The cold air from the mountains and that which accompanies the great ocean-current from the north-west thus become united, and last banks of fog are generated, which, when driven by the wind, have a pene- trating or ci(ff/«^ effect on the human skin, much more uncomfortable than would be felt in the humid atmosphere of the Athmtic at a much lower temperature. As the sun rises from day to day, week after week, and montli after month, in unclouded brightness during the dry season, and pours down its broken rays on the dry, unprotected surface of the country, the heat becomes so much greater inland than it is on the ocean, that an under-current of cold air, bringing tho fog with it, rushes over the coast range of Iiills, and through their numerous passes, toward the interior. Every day, aa the heal inland attains a sufficient temperature, the cold, dry wind from the ocean commences to blow. Tliis is usually from 11 to 1 o'clock ; and, as the day advances, ttie wind increases and continues to blow till late at niglit. When the vacuum is filled, or tho equilibrium of the atmosphere restored, the wind ceases; a perfect calm prevails ui.til about the same hour the tollowing day, when the same process commences and progresses as before. And these phenomena are of daily occurrence, with few exceptions, throughout the dry season. These cold winds and fogs render the climate at San Francisco, and all along the coast of California, except the extreme southern portion of it, proltably more uncom- fortable to those not accustomed to it in summer than in winter. A few miles inland, where the heat of the sun raodifiea and softens the wind from the ocean, the climate is moderate and delightful. The heat, in the middle of the day, is not so great as to retard labor or render exorcise in the open air uncomfortable. The nights are cool and pleasant Tliis description of climate prevails in all the valleys along the coast range, and extends throughout the countrj', nortt and south, as far eastward as the valley of the Sacramento and San .Toaquin. In this vast plain, the sea-breeze losei its influence, and the degree of heat in the middle of the day, during the summer months, is much greater than is known on the Atlantic coast in the same latitudes. It is dry, however, and probably not more oppressive. On the foot-hills ol the SieiTa Nevada, and especially in the deep ravines of the streams, the thermometer IVequently ranges from 110*^ U 315° in the shade, during three or four hours of the day, say from 11 to S o'clock. In the evening, as the sun declinest the radiation of heat ceases. The cool, dry atmosphere from the mountains spreads over the whole country, and renders the nights cool and invigorating. The valleys which are situated parallel to the coast range, and those which extend eastwardly in all directions among the hills toward the great plain of the Sacramento, are of surpassing fertility. They have a deep, black, alluvial soil, which has he appearance of having been deposited when they were covered with water. This idea is strengthened by the fact, that the rising grounds on the borders of these valleys, aniJ many hills of moderate elevation, have a soil precisely like that of the adjoining plains. This soil is so porous that it remains perfectly unbroken by gullies, notwithstanding the great quantity of water which falls in it annually during the wet season. The land in the northern part of the State, on the Trinity and other rivers, and on the borders of Clear Lake, as far as it has been examined, is said to be remark- ably fertile. The great valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin has evidently been at some remote period the bed of a lake ; and those rivers which drain it present the appearance of having cut their channels through the alluvial deposit after it had been formed. In fact, it is not possible that they could have been instrumental in forming the plain through which they pJiss. Their head-waters come from the extreme ends of tjie valley, north and south ; and were it not for the supply of water received from the streams which flow into them fr.im the Sierra Nevada, their beds would be almost, if not quite dry in the summer months. The soil is very rich, and. with a proper system of drainage and embankment, would undoubtedly be capable of producing any crop, except sugar-cane, now cultivated in the Atlantic Stales of the Tnion. There arc many beautiful valleys and ricli hill-sides among the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, which, when the profits of labor in mining shall be reduced so as to cause its application to agriculture, will probably supjiort a largo population. There is said to be a rich belt of well-timbered and watered country extending tlie whole length of the gold region between it and the Sierra Nevada, some twenty miles in width. There is no information sulTiciently accu- rate respecting the eastern slope of the great snowy range, to enable us to form any opinion of its general character or soil. Some of its valleys have been visited by miners, who represent them as equal to any portion of the country to the westward of it. The great valley of the Colorado, situated between the Sierra Madre and the Sierra Nevada, is but little known. It is inhabited by numerous tribes of savages, who manifest the most deciilcd hostility toward the whites, and have hitherto prevented any explorations of their country, and do not permit emigrants to pass through it. There- fore, parties from SaiUa F6, on their way to California, are compelled to make a circuit of near a thousand miles north- ward to IlieSalt Lake, or about the same distance southward by the route of the Gila. Although this valley is little known, there are indications that it is fertile and valuable. The name of the river " Colorado" is descriptive of its waters ; they are as deeply colored as those of the Missouri or Kcd Hiver, while those of the Gila, which- we know flows through barren lands, are eUar. It would seem impossible for a large river to collect .sedimenl enough in a sandy, barren soil, to color its waters so deeply ns to give it u name among those who first discovered and have since visited its shores. The probability, therefore, is, that this river flows through an alluvial v.illey of great fertility, which has never been 94 CALIFORNIA. explored. This conjecture is strengthened by the fact that the Indinns who inhabit it are hostile, and oppose, as far as they can, all perBons who attempt to enter or explore it. This has been tht-ir uniform course of conduct respecting all portions of the coutinont which have been fertile, abounding in pame and tlie spontaneous productions of the earth. As this valley is situated in the direct route from Santa Fe to California, iis thorough exploration becomes a matter of very sjcat importance, especially as it is highly probable that the elevated regions to the north of it, covered wilh snow during most of the year, will force the line of the great national railway to the Pacific through some portion of it. The soil situated west of the Sierra Nevada, and embracing the plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, covers an area, as nearly as can be estimated, of between flfiy and sixty thousand square miles, and wtnild, under a proper eystem of cultiva- tion, be capable of supporting a population equal to that of Ohio or New York at the present time. The climate and soil of California are well suited to the growth of wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The temperature along the coast is too cool for the successful culture of maize as a field crop. The fact that oats, the species which is cultivated in the Atlantic States, are annually self-sowed and produced on all the plains and hills along the coast, and as far inland ae the sea-breeze has a marked influence on tho climate, is sufficient proof that all the cereal grains may be successfully cultivated without the aid of irrigaiimi. It is quite true that thi.^ aiixiliari/ was extensively employed at the missions, and undoubtedly increased the product of all crops to which it was applied, as it will in any country on earth if skillfully used. This does not pro\e, however, that it was c-ssentialh/ jiecesmri/ to the production of an ample reward to the husbandman. The experience of all the old inhabitanls is sufficient evidence of tliis. If their imperfect mode of culture secured satisfactory returns, it is reasonable to presume that a more perfect system would produce greater results. There is abundant evidence to prove, that in the rich alluvial valleys, wheat and barley have produced from forty to sixty bushels from one bushel of seed, uWiout irrigation. Irish potatoes, turnips, onions, in fact all the edible roots known and cultivated in the Atlantic States, are produced in great perfection. In all the valleys east of tlie coast range of hills, the climate is sufficiently warm to mature crops of Indian corn, rice, and ])robabIy toliacco. Tlio cultivation of the grape has attracted much attention at the missions, among the residents of towns, and the rural popu- lation, and been attended with much success, wherever it has been attempted. The dry season secures the fruit from those diseases which are so fatal in the Atlantic States, and it attains very great perfection. The wine made from it la of excellent quality, ver^' palatable, and can be produced in any quantity. The grapes are delicious, and produced with very little labor. AVhen taken from the ^ines in bunches, and suspended in a dry room by thCb stems, they become partially dry, retain their flavor, and remain several weeks, perhaps months, without decay. Apples, pears, and peaches are cultivated wilh facility; and there is no reason to doubt that all tho fruits of the Atlantic States can be pro- duced in great plenty and perfection. The grasses are very luxuriant and nutritious, aflbrding excellent pasture. Tho oats, which spring up the whole lenglli of the sea-coast, and from forly to sixty miles inland, render tho cultivation of that crop entirely unnecessary, and yield a very great quantitiy of nutritious food fur horses, cattle, and sheep, The dry season matures, and I may say cures, these grasses and oats, so that they remain in an excellent state of preserva- tion during the summer and autumn, and afford an ample supply of forage. "While the whole surface of the country appears parched and vegetation destroyed, the numerous flocks and herds which roam over it continue in excellent condition. Although the mildness of the winter months and the fertility of the aoil secure to Califoniia very decided agricultural advantages, it is admitted that irrigation would be of very great importance, and necessarily increase the products of the soil in quantity and variety during the greater part of the dry season. It should therefore be encour- aged by government, in the survey and disposition of the public lands, as far as practicable. The farmer derives some very important benefits from the dry season. His crops in harvest-time are never injured by rain ; he can with perfect confidence permit them to remain in his fields as long after they have been gathered as his convenience may rcquh-e; he has no fears that they will be injured by wet or unfavorable weather. Hence it is that many who have long been accustomed to that climate prefer it to the changeable weather east of the Rocky Mountains. As already stated, the forests of California south of latitude 89^, and west of the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, are limited to detatched, scattering groves of oak in tlie valleys, and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills. It can be of no practical use to speculate on the causes which have denuded so large an extent of country, further than to ascertain whether the soil is or is not favorable to the growth of forest trees. Vlien the dry season sets in, the entire surface is covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and oats, which, as the summer advances, become perfectly dry. The remains of all dead trees and shrubs also become dn,-. These materials, therefore, are very combustible, and nsually take flre in the latter part of summer and beginning of autumn, which commonly passes over the whole country, destroying in its course the young shrubs and trees. In fact, it seems to he the same process which has destroyed or prevented the growth of forest trees on the prairies of the AVestern States, and not any quality in the soil unfriendly to their growth. The absence of timber and tho continuance of the dry season are apt to be regarded by farmers, on first going into the country, as irremediable defects, and as presenting obstacles almost insurmountable to the successftil progress of agriculture. A little experience will modify these opinions. It is soon ascertained that the soil will produce abundantly without manure ; that flocks and herds sustain themselves through the winter without being fed at the farm- yard, and consequently no labor is necessary to provide forage for them; that ditches are easily dug, which present very good barriers for the protection of crops until live fences can be planted and have time to grow. Forest trees may be planted with little labor, and in very few years attain a sufficient size for building and fencing purposes. Time may be usefully employed in sowing various grain and root crops during the wet or winter season. There is no weather cold enough to destroy root crops, and therefore it is not necessary to gather them. They can be used or sold from the field where they grow. The lal^or, therefore, required in most uf the old States to fell the forests, clear the land of rubbish, and prepare it for seed, may here bo applied to other objects. All these things, together with (he perfevt sfcuritij of all cropH in harveat-tiine from injury hy wet weather, are jirobably suffieient to meet any expense which may be incurred In irrigation, or caused for a lime by a scanty supply of timber. In the northern part of the State, above latitude 39^, and on the hills which rise from the great plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin to the foot of the Sierra Nevada, the Ibrests of timber are beautiful and extensive, and would, if brought into use, be sufficiently productive to supjtiy the wants of the southern and western portions of the State. The extent and value of the public lands suitable for agricultural pnrposes in California cannot be ascertained with any decree of accuracy until some very important preliminary questions shall have been settled. It is not known whether the -Icsuits who founded the missions or their successors, the Franciscans, ever did, or do now, hold any title from the Spanish crown to the lands which they occupied. Nor has any investigation been made to ascertain how far those titles, if they ever existed, have been invalidated by the acts of the priests or the decrees of the Mexican govern- CALIFORNIA. south of latitude 89°, and «e,l of the valU-y of the Sacramento and San f 3'"' ^jf ^''^'^^ J.',,j ,„ ,u,.;,overnment: granta from U,o Mexican government On "-.t of these ^-"'^ ''"7— deseribed conditions «ere coupled with many of them wh.oh have not been ™'"P''^'^,^'' '° ' '" :^ ^„ ,„„ „,j, ^,, ,he embrace two or three times as much land as the grant conve, ^"^'^''"I'^^^llX'jh. gr'ut distance which provincial government, with few exceptions, to be confirmed by "'''/"P"^™ »"' "".;';, ^".^f^e law so expensive Lparate tl.em, and the unfrcquent or difficult means of comranmcat.on, "^^^ " ;;7^^^''^™," t ITevious to the and tardy that it came .0 be almost disregarded. There were other --;;^/;'^Vwas no' egarded as of much value, treaty with Mexico and the immigration of Armr.can cm«.ns '° '^^ ™7' , ^'^^jj^^^^^^^^^^^ dij „ot molest except fur grazing purposes. There was room enough for all. Therefore 11 c c a mams ^ p ^_^^,^ ^ one another, or inquire into the validity of ftles. These ";''™*'^«J''^"'Xw of Tv^ia ion of several miles in the mountains, bays, and promontories, which, in many instances nnght "°^°'^;,'J"'2 United States purchased establishment of a comer with chain and compass By^'>'V-f ^jj « ^^^o^ le^ric^ ai he lands which had all the rights and interests of Mexico to and m (_ ahforma. This purchase "»' ™'J ™™^^ ,^.,,i^„ ,„i ^t accrue not been granted by Mexico, but »>^''---«;'. ^^^t^:^^^^^^^^^ " »„.V.«/.<> This vast tract, therefore, eon.aining, as is estimated, from twelve ,> f" '^ ™''''™ "[^"^'^ ;jil,ted in her « who have examined this region, that the ooM, M.e,-.. Maclu^d f »**; "'"^/J^^^^r.^, „ppe„'rance of having a>^^UnaUon .rUh tU .lua.i'.. Gold is not found on the sur ace »' "^^ ^^^^^'^^ ; J^^,' "^„ „ ,ir,uies, and attended been thrown up and scattered in all directions by voleatiic action It ,s onl f"""^.'" f ^ '^^j, '„,„,,; ^„,, i„ ,vhat by peculiar circumstances and indications. It is found in the bars f"\« ''^^'^ °' *f ^^^ ;"; ' '^;",., „e hills, have are called the "dry diggings." The rivers, in form ng their ^^f'^'^^^^^^. floe flakes and come in contact with the quartz containing the god ^"^t^ ^^ ZT^^'^^^^^ °f '"= '"'"^■" dust; and it is found among the sand and gravel of '';^^' '■^^.^'.'^^^''^t^f ,^;' ^.n ;, consequently left on each reduces it, in the dry season, to the narrowest possible I™'"-- =^' J '''•;;/ H th "vetoeity of some streams is greater side, over which the water rushes, during the wet season, with f'-^'^^'Xy^^^r^Xi^- lo the degree of attrition Ihat^ that of others, so is the gold found in fine or coarse particles, apparen Ij ^"^^P™'*';^ ;" ^^ ^^^ ,.,„.„, „,, „„ lo Which it has been exposed. The -'-.'™™ '^e h s and upper ^^^^^^^^f Z:^, , ,„ „.,eces. In the deep ravines, and, wherever it has come in cont.act with ''>■ >-e— nshave m.e .u^^^^^^^ many specimens, they are so -"''•'-•'' "'I^^^/'t-.XtlC.l^-^ " s.rong'urrent of water, Jecting it to the action of quicksilver. This gold. '"'L,'''" "f ''™" rirsome pHees spread over valleys of considerable retains in a great degree its original conformation. These f '"?'"'^ ' " ".' "^';""\' ,;^'^„„ „„„, „,- decomposed quartz extent, which have the appearance of ^^^ ^ -/;-;,t -^^^ ? ^ ■ ^ several vein'.nines have and slate earth an 1 vegetable matter. In addition to tlu»e iac«, ■ showing the minute connection been discovered in the quartz, fVom which ""'""™' 'Pf '™;"' ' f;:,,'^,™ ^^™;„t "^^^ between the gold and the rock, and indicaling a value in he o -"> - f ; ' • n U is combined with the quartz the appearan..e of places Where gold -">\\»- ''-'' '"'^^^ '.^'^ ™ ;/' ' ' " ik ng and it would seem, conclusive ^t:™:;;;:!!-:;: x;;?:;^- r:r:^::;ngi:;;dr:r:d ;: .1. qua^z vei.;. u i, not probable .hat the go. CALIFORNIA. in Ihe dn- die-'inas ai.d that in the rivers-tho former in lumps, the latter In dust-were created by difTorent proeessee. Th-it which is'found in the rivers has undoubtedly been cut or worn from the veins in the rock, with which their currentl have come in contact. All of them appear to be equally rich. This is shown by the fact that a laboring man may c^Ueet nearly as much in one river as he can in another. They intersect and cut through the gold region, running fmm cast to west at irregular distances of mtcen to twenty, and perhaps some of them thirty mUes aparL Hence it nnncKrs that Uie gold veins are equally rich in all parts of that most remarkable seetion of country. Were it wantmg, to-re are further proofs of this in the ravines and dry diggings, which uniformly conflrm what nature so plainly shows "ThtTuk-ksilver mines of California are believed to be numerous, extensive, and valaable. nitherlo this metal, so JfuHn the arts and mining, has been chiefly derived from Spain and Mexico, and it^ production been a monopo y Se list known mine in Cahfornia is that near San Jos6, which is claimed by Mr Forbes, of Tepic, m Me.xico The eim.bar ore which produce the mineral lies near the surface, is casUy procured, and the mine is believed o have been rrrrkabrproducti™. Discoveries o£ other like mmcs are reported in other parts of the State, but hltle is publicly kn^wn respecting them, the belief being, however, tiat quicksilver wUl be evc.itually found in sufficient quantities for arpurposi of extensive mining operations, if not for export. It is, undoubtedly, a fortunate circumstance, that nature, to be^lowin- on this Slate such vast metaUio wealth, has thus provided, ahnost in its immediate neighborhood, mei- hauslible stores of the only agent by which gold can be successfully separated from its matrices It is aUo believed that California is rich in silver, copper, iron, and coal. A silver mine has been discovered a short distance from Monterey, which affords a very rich ore, and has been productive in comparison to the labor bestowed in operalmg it. In the neirhborhood of San Francisco bituminous coal is abundant, and the indications noted in many other sections leave no doubt of the great extent of coal formaUon in the Stale. With regard to other metals, time and circumstances are rem^red to develop our knowledge of them ; but there can be but one opinion on tho subject, that California us, m one nart or other of its territorv, bounteously supplicl with all the more useful as well as the precious metals. California offers a verj- inU-resting and but partially explored Held of research to the botanist. Almost every variety of ve''c".tion from the luxuriant productions of the tropics, to the stinted and scanty growth of tho frozen regions may be flSnd in this country. The labors of Douglas and others have made known to the world many of the most valuab 6 !m r Z-irkable snecies Of these it Is possible here to mention only a few. Of the pine and oak, there are several noble ^nd useful v'arieties in different parts of the country. One of these, p/n ,« Dour/lasii, first described by Douglas is probably tt !rwlesrof the whole vegetable tingdom. It is found on tho mountains about the Bay of San Francisco and m ^ nf X sect ons of California, generally on elevated localities. Specimens of this tree occur of the height of 240 fee. Zb-^e of whose trunks have a cirenmference of nearly Co feet. The trunk is quite destiUtle of branches, until above .h,n bLf the altitude when th-.y grow outward and upward in such a manner as to give the top the form of a,^ to'crtid PK mid. From c n-ls of 'the branches hang the'concs or seed-vessels, from 12 to 15 inches in length, and l.h„„ 1 The seeds are as large a. a good sized bean, and furnish a common article of food to the Indians, who S. h^^t quanti es of Uiem in tL aututSn, and pound them mto a kind of cake, which is baked on l-ated^onc. ? o vvood ^9 very flue-grained, and contains a great quantity of resin. The pirn,. A^limi, p. LamherUana, p. noUhs, \ TrtiX are also line specie-- "i""!" '"' i- "^» '"»" "'^^ gigantic relative. The former is, however, a large Tee beint often foun^ 110 fcet^igb and Som 10 to U in diameter. Among the elevated plains of Upper California it ;ow^quii plenLT, as also on' tie low hills, near tho coast, where it attains a larger size. The natives frequent y S^ldthe ir fl agains these trees to save the trouble of eoUeeting fuel ; by this means, also, a sweet gum is made to e "from the "r^k which serves them for sugar. The white oak grows on the low and level part, of the country. It Pn t g n"I V a arge tree, being from 40 to 50 feet high, and from 2 to 3 feet in diameter at tlv, bn.e. The top i e,rmclv b eland icafv, forming an almost impenetrable mas, of boughs. It is in some places very abundant. The 1 UmL occup e the prairies, river banks, and lower hills, and is 4 or 5 feet in diameter, with branches of ' o.Z^ LcLsions cxtendin.. horizontally IVom the trmik. The live oak («. virms) grows only on the highlands urXm b.Tf c" in " i^nes., Ind from GO to 70 in height. The maple, the a.,h, the beech, the chestnut, in severd va cues compose larVe portions o the forests. It is impossible to give a full description of the flowering shrubs and Inm of Ca" fomia so great is their variety and beauty. A species of raspberry (rile. «p.«o«.m) ,s one of the most ■^1 , fl^wer^ hrubs of the country. It is exceedingly abundant in some localities, and, with m long criimon rns and iL' deep V™ leaves, presents an appearance truly lovely. Tho flowers bRxim early ,n spnng. In many Plecs a efouiid several swedes of .umulus, one of which is from 3 to 4 feet in height, and ,s a very , Tvllin This country also h.as numerous species of yvWoo, and Vi.c4«-.r, and innumerable quantities of ep.Jo- t^Xl^^^ :rL:',«...«>.-i, .<.««-, or poppy, ,;e^«„.«»,and ,^e^ ^Z:' Zt!^^ here, the roots of which are eaten by the natives. The .SH/^»e.,c.i..,i«a grows " -^^f;,^ ^f^^ :^! V,!^ e I n do in the natives ■' nmimashr and the root forms a very common article of food. To prepare this tor oat nu, a n b g an,l, and a number of stones placed in it, on which a Are is kindled and ''•'P' '"™'"f ™ ;^'> TheH c weS whc; the Are is extinguished, and the roots, wrapped in straw, leaves, and m,.ss, are placed "P™ t um^ ^„/^aderio ^'s^cd in a few hours', and are then taken off and hung up to dry. ^t^ZTyZ^^^^ hey "re ^^ to cakes, which are preserved for liature use ; the ta,ste ,s sweet, and r.ather agreeable but ''«=''>■" ^^^^ /f j^,,,^ i„ produce diarrhea. This plant is most abund.ant on the banks of rivers and on '''^f "f' ^^*f„,'^^";f,'^, ,„ il,,;^ ^•bich localities are also found several species o^ pyrola, capHfim.. .nAlupuuu., whu^h — ^;;;"™fl ™\™^, extent of land. The ariutus is also abundant in similar situations. The large ^P":^'" <";f:3'; ^ " 'Z, „f „„ frequently attaining a growth which entitles it to be called a tree. The a. uva ur.n is found n almost ev er, part of the ^l^er sections of the country, and it. berries are frcquetjtly eaten by the natives, and even ' '^^ - •^^■^;7^;-^' plant to the native, is the ^^ik« ten.., the flbr« "^ -l"- ' "^ ='3?-; ,^ ^^^f L me linger is so strong a, by the Indians for the purpose of snaring deer and other animals, »" ' ™' "'^ '^^l^^ plentifully. The sand-hills and not to be broken by the largest elk. The gooseberry S-^ '" J^^'^f ™";f„' ! ^; , 'e and hundd soil grows a gaudy- moors are covered with a great variety of syngenesious P'"""-'' "" °" *;^™^j remarkable shrub here is the y*/iv,, a Zr:j violent inflammation It is a slender shnib, pre.rring e-». ™ ;- .^t^^ ^ '^he'^ar: ^^M crenatcd leaf. Two roots— the plants of which are very beautiful— are usca oy ine nainos n ' ' . . ^, , "and s.mat^ On the rocky coast of Monterey are Inmicnse collections of sea-weed, /i«-« pynjon,^, which r CALIFORNIA. are said to have gathered there In such abundance as to have saved several vessels from splitting on the rocks, when driven on them by the tcmpesL The animal kingdom in California is made up of most of the zoological varieties found east of the Eocky Mountains, and of some few species peculiar to the region itself. The black bear {ursn^ AniericaTiu^) is an inhabitant of many districts, and in its habits and appearance differs little from Its congener of the north ; the barren-ground bear {ui»u9 arcttn) is of a lighter color, but in every other respect similar to the black bear; the grizzly boar (^Jirsus/eroip) is also a denizen, and is the most formidable wild animal of tlie country. The Polar bear {urtms maritimus) is sometimes seen on the northern coast, but is evidently a stranger, borne down ou floating ice from the higher latitudes. The raccoon {procymi lotor), the American badger (m^s salradoira), the glutton or wolverine {gulo licaoics\ the common weasel {must^a vulgaris), the ermine (7/1. er77ii7iea% the mink, martin, and skunk, are found in various parts, and are valuable for their furs. In many parts wolvea are very numerous. The species mostly seen are the common wolf {lupus Arn^eri- caivus), the gray wolf (^. griseu-8)yihe dusky wolf (/. nui/ili-^), the black wolf (^.a^r), and the prairie wolf (ca?ij« latratis). Foxes are common, and of these two species exist, the red fox {canh/alcue) and the gray fox (c. cin^reo-argenUUtui). Of the cat tribe there are several species, as the cougar or puma {felis concohr), the northern I\tix (/. cariadensi-s), the banded lynx (/. fasciatii), and the red Ijtix (/ rn/a). These inhabit mostly the dense forests and thickly-wooded si-les of the monntains, preying on deer and other animals. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, as well as on many parts of the coast, the common hair seal ( phoca t^Uellina) is abundant, and follows the track of the salmon. The beaver {castor fiber) and the musk rat {fiber zebethicus) are also common, especially at the confluence of the Sacramento with the Bay. The quality of the for of these latter animals, however, is inferior to that obtained more to the north. The moose {cercus alces) is found in all the woody and mountain regions, and near the coast, and the elk {cervus canadeii- tis) roams through the valleys in immense herds. There are many other species of deer found in various parts, as the black-tailed deer (c. 7nacrotis\ the long-tailed or jumping deer (c. leiK^rus), etc. ; and the prong-homed antelope (a. furcifer) is found in considerable numbers. The mountain sheep, or argali {ovis inontann\ inhabits the loftiest and coldest mountains ; in its general appearance It resembles the large domestic sheep, but has horns out of all proportion to iis body, and is covered with a coarse short hair, of a dingy broivTi color, which can scarcely be called wool. The Dison {bos Americmius) Is seldom seen, but is not altogether nnkno^Mi to the hunter. The sea otter {lutra marinn) is abundant along the coast, and at the mouths of rivers, and the land otter {I. Bra^AUenM*) is found in many parts of the country. Of rats, mice, marmots, hares, rabbits, and squirrels, there are numerous species in all parts of the country. Among the feathered tribes of California, tlic flrst worthy of notice is the great vulture {Harcoramphos Caii/ornia7iu^\ second only to the huge condor of South America, and closely allied to it in many respects. It is met with along the whole coast; it is solitary in its habits, rapacious, of enormous size, and singular in conformation and appearance, and seems to hold the same position in the Bcener>- of this country as its European congener, the lammergeyer, in that of the Alps. It builds in the highest trees of the mountain forests, and only approaches the valleys in search of its carrion food. "When full gro\vn, it measures about 4 feel 8 inches from beak to end of the tail, and from 9 to 10 feet from tip to tip of its ■wings. Its color is brownish black, the bill and legs yellow, and its quills are much esteemed by the hunter for making tubes for his pipe. The turkey buzzard {catJtai-ies aura) is also found here, but is not common, but the black vulture (caihm-te^ atratvs) is found in everj' part. The golden eagle {aquila chrysotm\ the bald eaglo {aquU-a leucocephali.i'^-- — -f .^ - wta le Tite hlubut, nll-han" sL.e, tur J. bonito, and many other species, arc found in various parta of .he sea-eoasL t;^'n"r<^ra,,n..^ro,nHot.Uc^..s.n article of eommeree, is well known. Ihc pearls produced bj The following are the population returns referred lo: Pniiclnns' Estluinle. . . 14,000 Couiiti-^- *^'*- Butte ■i'S^S Calaveras 16,834 IG.QOO.... Colusi 115... (with Trinity). ContraCosla 722 COO.... . S.572 , 20,192 612 . 2,745 El Dorado 20,9S5 . 22,000 eetim. 40,000 Klamath (from Trinity) . .no returns. . . . 323 . . . . 4,400 . 66. ... 1,ST2 . ... 414. 6,000 .. 600 .. 4,600 . . 400 . . 2,000 . . l.COO .. Los Angeles Marin Mariposa. . . Mendocino . Monterey... Napa Kevada (from Yuba) PI ji,er (from El Dorado) Sacramento '.'. U,000 12,000 Ban Diego no returns . . . 2,000 Ban Joaquin 4,000 5,000 Ban Francisco 21,000 26,000 36,161 530 . 7,S31 . 1.036 . 8,969 . 416 . 2,72S . 2,116 . 21,363 . 10,784 . 12,5S9 . 2,932 . 6,029 San Louis Obispo .... 1 ,:M6 Santa Barbara 1,165 Santa Clara 3,502 Santa Cruz 074 Shasta 378 Sierra . KstiiTiate. 500 . 2.500 . 5,000 . 1,000 . (with Trinity).. 9S4 2.1S1 6.664 1,219 4.O50 (from Yuba) 4.855 Siskiyou ........ (from Trinity, Shast6, & Klamath) 2,240 Solano 5S0 1.600 2,8.35 Sonoma 561 1,600 2.33T Sutter 8,030 3,000 1.207 Trinity 659 10,200 1.764 Tuolumne no returns. .. . 20,000 17.657 Tulare ... (from Mariposa) 8,5i5 Yolo " ' 1,008 1,000 1,307 Yuba. 19,032 22,000 22,005 Total. , 117,633 180,000 264,4-35 collect whiLtever of notable oltje<.-ls mig ighl come within their observation. These instructions not havmg been recei.ed ed out in a portion of the counties. A '"l^rC^-^--- i:;:::^:^;..ties .avm. .i,ed to furt^sb any >n.rmation ot. U,ese „, we are ,e« 10 conclude that much of the most useful and interesting matter in this branch --'-/^'/^''^^ ^ ' ,^ ^ ^ ,„pec.3 •'Pnm,Mio„.-ll will be observed that the county of LI Dorado has not been as jet '^''""'° '' ' . „(^, 'th,, popiuon or productions. This is admitted to be one of the most populous ^'^^^'^^^Z :^ ^^^ -. -1 vofe oast in this county at the late general election was as appears from *°;^'"™^ ™ ,f P ^\" tuNl c^ontain 40,000 ju.l.ing from the relation generally obtaining in th,s State between ""'■^J"'* ,\"2,e' Te i- u. y of San Franci;co, inhabitants. This county cast a vote of 2,844 greater than any other county m the Stale. Tl,e mnu with ,t population of 36,161, casts 8,408 votes. The county of Yuba w,th ^^'^^^^^^^ ,,,, „ pop^,,,,,. The county .>f Nevada, with a population of 21,.305, casts a vo e of 6 4,4 The outifj of Out.u e ^ l„l,^i„;^g or 20,192, cast, a vote of 6.132. The county of K. Dorado, "■;-«-•;;; :'f^;'^^''^,V/hUedm other counties between a population of 40,000: which is, in fact, an under estimate, preserMng the pa allcl ""' ' population J number of votes and inhabitants. Esti.na.iug the populaUon of LI »°"'';f ^* ^^ ;„™„'f^^;J, .^.t Coun.v, ttnd of the SUtte 264.4.36. This appears from the actual returns of the censu , w .th 'J,^^ "« P"^^ °' '^ „^„.^.^,^,^^ ;„„, ,„ the data upon which I have based the estimate of that c,,un y are g.ven abo. . Tb re -"j^^ " ;;,^_.;__ ^,^ ,^^ ^^^^ ^„, consequence of the difflcuUics previously tnenl.oned, not more than « - f ' ' '' ;",^^ fact of their inal,ilitv to obtrtin been taken. The reports of all the census agents -}o i,..ejn^e re^<>^ ^ pCI'tionreturned and that' estimated 8 believed U popular vole at the late general election was 76,890, according t-J the fl«['°"__^f^"™ ™. J casts a vote of 4,276. set forth the fact of their inaliility to obtain rhewl"ole"populalion"of their respective counties ; adding then one-sixth to the pop for Kl Dorado Count v, cives the population of the State at 308,607, which .8 behev ed lo be about correct. t:>ur entire (lie in this office, estimating the CALIFORNIA. incrense in tlie course of two years, lakincf the actual returns of the cen3U3, of 99.435, an annual iucrea.se of 49,717, and an increase of 30 per cent, per annum; of llie increase per cent, per annum, the United States, according to tlie ialo census, was 3^, showing a difference of increase between the State of California and the other States of the Union of 2tii per cent per annum. Taking, however, the estimated and more probable census of the State, namely, 808.507, and it gives an annual positive increase of 71,753, an increase of 43 per cent per annum, and a difference of increase per cent, between California and other Slates of Syj. '• This population is composed as follows : TVhite inhabitants, male 151.115 " " female 29,741 Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 Negroes, male 1,637 " female 953 " over 21 years of age 1,259 Mulattoea, male 424 " female 9S " over 21 years of age 4ii7 Indians (domesticated), male 19,675 female 12,S64 Indians over 21 years of age 15.S66 Foreign residents, male 50,631 female 4,360 " over 21 years of age 89,444 TOTAL. ■Whites 180.856 Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 Negroes 1,S90 Mulaltoes 523 Indians (domesticated) 82,539 Foreign residents 54.991 " In this estimate the county of EI Dorado is not included, which will probal>ly add to the whites 30.(X)0 ; to the citizens of the United States over 21 years of age 12.0(Kt ; t») the negroes 200 ; to the mulatloes 50 ; to the Indians 1.000 ; and to the foreign residents 5,000— making a final total of whites, 210,S5S ; citizens over 21 years of age, 105,344 ; negroes, 2,090; mulatloes, 572 ; Indians (domesticated). 33.539 ; foreign residents, 59.991. "The counties of Nevada, Placer, and Yuba have reported 9,S09 Chinese. The other counties have embraced them witli'iut discrimination under the general head of foreign residents, the number is believed to approximate S.'i.OOO. '^ Producti&ns and CcipiUd.—VndeT this hcfid, I regret to stale, that not only the county of Kl Dorado, entire, but thai of Calaveras, also, in part, two of the most wealthy and productive of the State, have to be omitted, not having as yet been returned. "A few of the counties have reported on the subjects of horticulture, manufactures, milling, farming, and farming uleosils, separately, while the others have combined them under the general head of * capital employed for other purposes.' " The following items are not included under the general head above mentioned : Capital employed in stock, farming, and gardening $1,857,502 00 '* " fruits and orchards 366,910 00 " " improvements and real estate 6,348,346 00 " '' farming utensils 125,940 00 " " milling , 240,S50 00 — making the total capital employed for purposes other than those specified under general heads $49,800,951. Estimate of El Dorado and Calaveras counties, 10,000,000— making $59,S00,9S1. '■ The articles of sheep, hogs, and poultry, although not specifically required by law, have been reported upon from twenty counties, and are as follows: sheep, S2,S67, at $12 each— $994,404 ; hogs, SS,976, at $10 each— 389,760 ; poultry, 96,230, at $2 each— 192,460 ; total value, $1,576,624. " For Ihe number of horses, mules, cows, beef cattle, work oxen, bushels of barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, corn, acres of land in cullivalion, quartz-mills, capital invested in quartz mining, capital invested in Placer mining, capital invested in other mining, and capital employed for other purposes, reference is made to thestjitisticsofdifforent counties respectively. "The following is the estimated value of the live-stock and agricultural products. These prices are given at an aver- age much below the market value : Li»eati>c)c. Horses at $30 $1,943,190 00 Mules at 50 823 900 00 Cows at 50 5.216,950 00 Beef cattle., at 25 7,S54,S00 00 Work oxen, at 50 1,453,250 00 $17,327,090 00 Agricultural Producta. Barley at $1 40 per bushel $3,163,227 00 Oats at 100 '* 100.497 00 Wheat at 2 40 " 652,231 00 Potatoes at 1 50 " 2,0S9,755 00 Com at 2 50 " 156.830 00 $6,162,040 00 The counties o^onoma, Sania Cruz. Santa Clara, Sacramento, Napa, Mendocino, Los Angeles, and Contra Costa have reported 5,5.'i8,6oo pounds onions, valued at $1S6,000 The counties of Yolo, Sierra, Santa Barbara, Santa Cniz, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 2,859.250 cabbages, valued at 60,777 The counties of Sonoma. Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 30,271 bush, of beans, value 72,492 The county of Santa Barbara has reported 1,370 barrels oli\'es, valued at 27.400 Tlie counties of Simta Barbara and Santa Clara have reported 26.S1I grape vines, valued at SG.Sll The counties of Yolo, Sonoma, Sierra. Sacramento, and Mendneino have reported 490,990 lbs. turnips, valued .. 14,927 The county of Sacramento has reported 1,039.800 pounds tomatoes, valued at 82,403 The countits of Santa Clara and Sacramento have reported 1.107,5i'0 pounds of carrota, valued at 8:1.225 The coui>ty of Sacramento has reported 858 acres of melon?, valued at 17.900 The coiirtiy of Sacramento has reported 460.000 ptunpkini, valued at 46,000 The county of Santa Clara h:is reported 508,000 bricks, valued at 10,160 The county of Marin has reported 1 ,500.000 bricks per month, valued at (per annum) 360.000 The oountifs of Santa Barbara and Los Apgeles have reported 73.162 g,allons wine, value ■, 146.924 And 73.056 gallons lirandy 109,5S4 The counties of Santa Cruz and Nevada have reported capital invested in roanufacturea 6,300 100 CAL CAM "Showing tolal capital and productions of the State as follows : Horticulture, manufactures, etc $1,150,000 Quartz mining 5,sTl ,405 Placer " 4.174.419 Other " 8,851 .C-2S Estimate for El Dorado mining 2.5oo,(iu(} Total capital employed for purposes oiher than those specified under general heads, includ- ing estimates for EI Dorado and Calaveras. . $59,800,000 Live-stock ls.9i)3,714 Agricultural products 6.16'2,040 Laud in cullivatiim 1,107,480 Estimate for El Dorado and Calaveras 5,000,000 $10 8,52 0.051 " In the above estimate it will be observed that the value of no land except that in actual cultivation is included. " "WiUi these facts now before us. it may not be uninteresting or devoid of utility to lake a comparative view »»f oui position in reference to the other States of ihe I'nion. " ITorsr.s. — In these we are iu advance of flfi*-en of the States. JIuIes. — In these wo are in advance of twenty-six of Uie States. Miich Cons.~\n these we are in advance of twelve of the States. WorL- Oxen.— In these we are in advance of eight of the States. Sii^ep. — In these, although having returns from only twenty counties, wo are in advance of ftur States. Sivine. — In these, although only twenty counties have reported, we are in advance of three States. Vahif* of Lire-stock-.— In this we surpass twenty-two of the States. Harlei/.— In this we are only equaled by one State, Now York. ■We raise more than one-half as much of this article as is produced in the whole Union besidt»s. PotutoeK — In this again we stand next to New York, and raise one-flfih the quantity prodLicoS'. Car. Callaghan's. p. o., Alleghany co., Virg.: at the forks of the roads leading to the Hot and Sulphur Springs, 5 m. ■W. of Covington, and 141 m. W. liichmond. Cali^nds, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 122 m. "W. S. "W. Kichmond. Callaway county, Ky. Situat^ W. on S. border, and contains 4G0 sq. in. Drained by Clark's and Bhx>d rivers, tributaries of the Tennessee, which lies on its E. border. Surface level, and soils modemtcly fertile. The products are wheat and Indian corn, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms 9;>3 ; manuf. 7 : dwell. 1,191, and pop.— wh. 7.09i, fr. col. 10, b1. 992— total 6,096. Capital: Murray. Callaway county, Mo. Situate centrally on Missouri r. and contains 640 sq. m. Drained by Au Va.se and other creeks. Surface undulating, with good timber, and the soils fertile. "Wheat, com. and tobacco are the chief produ<-t.s. Farms 1,169; manuf. S3; dwelU, 612, and pop.— wh. 9.S9S, fr. col. 22. si. 3,907— total 13,327. Cajntal: Fulton. Cali.enseorg, p. o.. Clarion co., Penn. : on the S. sit, the Indian "pipe of peace." Ita original name was Ken-no-mo-kong. Calvary, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 m. S. E. Columbus. Calveet county, Md. Situate W. shore, and contains 239 sq. ra. Drained by creeks falling into Chesapeake Bay and Paluxent r. Surface undulating, rising from the waters; soil a flue mold, producing tobacco, com, wheat, etc. Farms 484 ; dwell. I,'i00. .and pop.— wh. 3,630, fr. col. 1,430, si. 4,4Sa — total 9,646. Capital : Prince Frederick. Cal^tn, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pemu : 69 m. W. Ilar- risburg. Camak, p. v., "Warren co., Ga. : on the line of the Geor- gia IX. E., 47 m. from Augusta, and 45 E. N. E. Milledge 101 CAM CAM ville. A branch E. E. hence diverges to ■\Varronton, dis- tant 4 ra. Camancue, p. v., Clinton co.^ /.;. ; on the W. aido of the Mississippi r., 67 m. E. by N. Iowa City. A ruih-oad is pro- jected to run hence to Iowa City. Camaugo, p. v., Lancjiater co., I'etm. : 46 m. E. S. E. Barrisburg. Camargo, p. v., Lincdln co., Tenn. : 69 m. S. Nashville. Camaego, p. T., Monroe co., Mi-"3 r., and contains 705 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo cr., SantiUa r., and several streams tributaries of the SL M;u-y's. Surface low and sandy, with swamps. Eice ami cott*:)n are the principal products. Farms 335; manuf. 5; dwell. 642, and pop. — wh. 2,069, fr. col. 4, si. 4,246— total 6,319. CapitoZ: Jeffer- sonton. Camden county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Surface level or undulating, with considerable woodland and a soil of great fertility. Farms 214; dwell. 360, and pop.— wh. 2,20S, fr. col. 0, si. 130— total 2.333. Capital: Erie. Camdes county, N. Jer. Situate "W. middle, on Dela- ware r., and contains 26S sq. m. Watered by creeks of the Delaware, Surface flat ; soils moderately fertile. Farms 731 ; manuf. 143 ; dwell. 4,090, and pop.— wh. 23,325, fr. col. 2,097, si. 0— total 25,422. Capital : Camden. Ihihlic Works : Camden and Amboy E. E. Camden county, K Car. Situate N. E. between Pas- quotank and North rivers, and contains 22S sq. m. Surface low and marshy, and soils indiffL-rent. Farms 579 ; manuC 15 ; dwell. 770, and pop.— wh. 3,572, fr. col. 290, si. 2,1S7— total 6,049. Capital : Camden C. H. Camden, p. v., and cap. Wilcox co., Ala. : on a cr. of Alabama r., 63 ra. W. S. W. Montgomery. Camdex, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Penn. : about 6 m. W. of Tennessee r., and 69 W. Nashville. The Nashville and Mississippi E. E. will pass through this place. Camden, p. v., and cap. Washita co.. Ark. : on the W. side of Washita r., 73 m. S. by E. Little Eock. Camden, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the S. branch of Jones* cr., 3 m. S. by E. Dover. Camden, p. v., Carroll co., Ind. : on the N. side of Pas- sianong cr., 63 m. N. N. TV. Indianapolis. Camden, p. o., Schuyler co., lU. : on a tributary of Crook- ed cr., 84 m. W. N. "W. Springfield. Camden, t and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : on the W. side of Penobscot bay, 36 m. E. by S. Augusta. It has a good har- bor and a number of vessels employed in the coasting trade and tlie fisheries. Lime is the principal staple, and is export- ed in large quantities. Ship-building is also an extensive employment at this port Pop. 4,005. Camden, p. v., Madison co., Misa. : on a cr. of Big Black r., 36 m. N. by E. Jackson. \ Camden, t. and p. o., Hillsdale co., Jfie/i. ; on Little SU Joseph's r., 66 m. S. by W. Lansing. Pop. 594. Camden, p. v., Eay co., Mo. : on the N. side of the Mis- souri r., 112 ra. W. N. W. Jefferson City, and by course of the r., 342 ra. above St. Louis. Camden, p. v., and cap. Camden co., K. Car. : on the E. side of Pasquotank r., 147 m. E. N. K. Kaleigh. The ton- nage of the district of which it is the port, amounted in 1S50 toll,94S tons. CiMUKN, t. and p. v., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on Fish cr., 108 m. W. X. W. Albany. The WatertoA^-n and Eome R. E. passe*, through the village 13 m. from Eome. Pop. 2,S20. Camden, t,, p. city, port, and cap., Camden co.. X. Jer.,: on the E. side of Delaware r., opposite Philadelphia, 55 m. S. by W. Trenton. The city is united with Philadelphia by throe ferries. The largest ships come up to the lower part of the city, and vessels of 150 tons to the central parts. The city has considerable manufactures and trade, and contains numerous fine public buildings, churches, and school-houses. The Camden and Amboy E. E. has its terminus at this CAM CAM point, and there is also a railroad to Woooats, but since the completion of the Camden Branch of the South Carolina K. K. th« bulk of ila commercial material has been convey- ed by land. The village has some manufactures, and its public buildings nre commodious and substantia!. A news- paper, the "C. Joumai," is issued semi-weekly. Camden is noted as the scene of two battles of the devolution— tho one fought I6lh Aug., ITSO, and the other 23d April, 1781. A monument, erected in honor of Baron De Kalb, and the foundation of which was laid by Lafayette in IS'25, stands at the end of De Kalb Street ; it is of white marble, and the chief ornament of the village. Camden, p. v., Benton co., Tenn. : 69 m. "W. Nashville. Camden^ Mills, p. o., llock Island co.. III. : on Copper cr. of Rock r., 123 m. N. "W. by N. SpringfieM. Camdentille, p. v., Anderson co., Ky. : 22 m. S. W. Frankfort. Camel's Rump, Verm. : one of the highest peaks of the Green Mountains, 17 m. W. Montpelier. Ila elevation is 4.1SS feet above the sea-level. Camehcv county, Tixr. Situate S. W. on Gulf of Mexico, and contains about 5,600 sq. m. It includes the Isia del Padre. Its principal settlements are on the Rio Grande. Farms 11 ; dwell. 1,554, and pop.— wh. 8.469, fr. col. 19, si. 53 — total 9,541. In this enumeration Starr and Webb counties are also included. Capital : Santa Rita. Cameron, t and p. v., Steuben co., X. Y.: on the Canis- teo r, '216 m. W. by S. Albany. The New York and Erie li. R. passes thmugh the village, 824 m. from New York City, and 145 m. from Dunkirk. Pop. 1,701. Cameron, p. v., Clinton co., Penn.: 7S m. N. W. Harris- burg. Cameeon. p. v.. and cap. Milam co.. Teo\ : on the N. side of Liule r. of the Brazos r., 64 m. N. E. Austin City. Camep.on'8 Mills, p. c, Steuben co., Al Y.: 222 m. "W. by S. Albany. Camillus, t and p. v., Onondago co., X. Y. : 12S m. W. Albany. The Erie Canal traverses the northern part of the town, and the Rochester and Syracuse K. R. intersects the village, 7 m. "W. Syracuse. Pop. 3,106. Campbell county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 3S3 sq. m. Drained by Chattahoochee r. and its creeks. Sur- face undulating, and soils of average fertility. Products wheat, Indian com, and cotton. Farms 694; nianuf. IS; dwell. 920, and pop.— wh. 5,718, fr.col. 7, si. 1,507— total 7,2.''.2. Capital: Campbellton. Public Work.-^ : La Grange E. R. Campbell county, Ky. Situate N. between the Ohio and Licking rivers, and contains ISO sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing into the border rivers. Surface uneven, and soils moderately productive. "Wheat, com, and tobacco are the staple products. Farms 730; manuf. 12; dwell. 2,.319, and pop.— wh. I2,S71, fr. col. 79, si. 177— total 13.127. Cap>tttcr cr., and other streams. Surface much broken, but soil i)r(>durlive. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobaeco are the principal growths. Farms 753 ; manuf. 119 ; dweU. 3,203, and pop.— wh. 11,53S, fr. col. 841, si. 10,866~total 23,245. Capital: CampbeU C. H. Public Woi-k^: VirgF nia and Kast Tennessee R. R., etc Campbell, p. v., Coles co., HI. : on the W. snle of Em- barras r.. 2 m from that stream, and 61 m. E. S. E, Springfield. Campbell, p. v., Lawrence co., O/tio: 96 m. S. by E. Cnlumbus. Campbell C. U., p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Virg. : 93 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Campbell's Beidge, p. o., Marion dist., S. Car.: S9 m. E. by N. Columbia. Ca-mpbellsburgu, p. v., Henry co., Ky. : on the Loui*- ville and Cincinnati R. R., 30 m. N. W. Frankf.-rL Campbell's Corners, p. o.. Oakland co., Mich. Campbell's Mill.s, p. o., Windham co., Co7tn.: 33 m. E. N. E. Hartford. CAirPBELL*s Post, p. v., Portage co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E. Columbus. Campbell's Rest, p. o., Sullivan co., Teim. : 247 m. E. by N. Nashville. Campbell's Station, p. o., Knox co., 7«wi. ; on tho N. side of Tennessee r.. 129 m. E. Nashville. Campbellsville. p, v., and cap. Taylor co., Ky. ; 58 ra. S. by W. Frankfort. Campbellsville, p. v., Giles co., Ternu : on a cr. of Ten- nessee r., 59 m. S. by W. Nashville. Campbellton, p. v., Jackson co., Fior. : on the W. sido of Chipola r., 76 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. Campbellton, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Ga. : on both aides of Chattahoochee r., 93 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. Campbellton, p. v., Itawamba co.. Miss. : 173 m. N. E. Jackson. Campbelltown, p. T., Steuben co., A'l Y. : on E. side of Conhocton r., 174 m. W. by S. Albany. The Buffalo, Cor- ning, and New York R. R. passes through the village, 9 m. from Corning. Campbelltown, p. v., Lebanon co., PeTvn.: 15 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Campbellvixle, p. v., Duchess co., 2i. K .• 63 m. S. by E. Albany. Campbelltille, p. T., Sullivan co., P&nn.: 8T m. N. Uarrisburg. Camp Call, p. o., Cleveland co., IT. Car. : 153 m. S. "W. Raleigh. Camp Creek, p. o., Kosciusko co., Jnd. : "8 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Camp Creek, p. c, Jefl'erson co., Aj-k.: 53 m. S. by E. Little Rock. Camp Creek, p. o., Livingston co., Ky. : 19S m. W. by 3. Frankfort. Camp Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called of Nolichucky r., 223 m. E. Nashville. Campello, p. 0., Plymouth co., Jfass. Camp Ground, p. v., Appling co., Ga. : 117 m. 8. 8. £^ Milledgeville. Camp Hill, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 43 m. N. B Montgomery. Camp Izard, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : 162 m. S. E. by E. Tallahassee. Camp Mills, p. o., Floyd co., VirQ.: 163 m. W. S. "W. Riclimond. Campocello, p. v.. Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : 78 m. N. by W. Columbia. Camp Point, p. o., Adams co., lU.: 61 m. W. by N. Springfield. Camp Ridge, p. o., WUliamsburgh diat., ^Sl Car,: 77 m. E. by S. Columbia. Camp Spring, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala. : 166 m. N. N. W. Montgomerj*. CAMfTi, p. v.. Nachitochog par.. I.e. : on tho N. E. Bide of Red r,, 15^ m. N. W. Baton Rouge. 103 CAM Campton, t. and p. o., Grafton co., .V. Ifamp. : on P*.'me- gemasset r., 44 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. \^A9Si. Campton Village, p. v., Oraflon co., K. Ilamp. : 43 m. N. by W. Concord. Cahptowk, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 112 m. N. Har- ilsburg. Camptown. p. v., Essen co., X. Jer. : on Elizabeth r., 47 m. N. N. "Wv Trenton. Considerable manufactures are car- ried on in this village. It derives its name from the fact of the encampment of the American array at this point dur- ing the KevoUitionary war. Campville, p. v., Tioga eo., jV. T. : on the N. bank of Susqiiclianna r., 12"2 m. W. .S. W. Albany, and on tlie line of the New York and Erie 11, 11., 240 ra. from New York and 229 m. from Dunkirk. Campville, p. v., Litchfield co., Conii, CiNA, p. o., Jennings co., Ind. : 5T m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Canaan, p. v., Marion co., Al'uga and Susqudianna R. R., 10 ra. N. Owego. Pop. 3,4^J;}. Candor, p. v., Washington co., Pemu : 192 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Caneadea, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., J\'. Y. : on tho Genesee r., 227 m, W. by S. Albany. The v. is on tlie W. side of the river. Pop. 1 477. Cane Bottom, p. o., Lauderdale co., Term.: 163 m. W. by S. Nashville. Cane Creek, p. v., and cap. Butler co.. Mo. : on the W. fork of the cr. so called, 154 ra. S. E. Jefferson City. Cane cr. is a tributary of Big Black Water r., which it joins a little below the Arkansas Stale lino, Canr Ceeek, p. o., Cbatham co., K. Ciw.: on a cr. of Cape Fear r. so called, 43 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Cane Cheek, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn.: ou a cr. of Elk r. so called, 64 m. S. by E. Nashville. Canb Ceeek, p. o., Franklin co., Ala. : 174 m. N. W. Montgomery. Canemau, v., Clackamas co., Oreg. : on E. side of Willa- mette r., 2 m. above Oregon City, and 33 m. N. by E. Salem. Cane Point, p. o., Troup co., Ga. : 112 m. Millodgevillc. Cane Spring, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky. : 51 m, W. S. W. FrankforL Casey, p. v., Washita co.. Ark: : 86 m. S. Little Rock. Caney. p. v., Matagorda co., Tecp. : on a stream so called, 147 m. S. E. Austin City. The Caney empties into tho Gulf at the N. E. end of Matagorda Bay. Caney Beancu, p. o,, Greene co., T^ftn. ; 219 m. E. Nashville. Caney Foek, p. o., Warren co., Tenn. : on Caney fork of Cumberland r.,5o m. E. by S. Nashville. Caney Spelso, p. o., Marshall co., Teim, : 32 m. 3. Nashville. CAN CAP Canetville, p. v., Grayeon co., Kt/.: 93 m. W. S. V.'. Frankfort. Canfif.ld, p. v., ami cnp. Muhoning; co., Ohio: 132 ni. IC. K. Columbus. The "Mahoning Index,'' a dera. paper, is issued weekly. Ca>fikld'b Coknix, p. 0., Tioga co., JV. Y. : 134 m. TV'. S. W. Albany. Canuello, p. v., Rockbridije co., Virg. : 112 m. "W. Hichmond. Canisteo, t. and p. v., Sleubcn co., N'. )'. : on Canisiteo r., ISS m. W. by S. Albany. The v. on the N. side of tlie r. is intersected by the New York and Erie II. K., S^'T ra. from New York, and 132 from Dunkirk. The *■ Ganisteo Express" is issued weekly. Top. 2,030. Canisteo river, N. Y.: rises in Allegliany co., and after a general S. E. course of 60 m., falls into Tioga r., in the t. of Erwin, Steuben CO. It is navigable for boats for about 40 m.. and is the recipient of numerous fine mill streams. Canistko river. jV. Y. : a tributary of Tioga r., ■which it enters near the v. of Paintcl Post. Its whole course is about 60 ni., and it is beatable for abont 40 m. ; and though in some parl-s no more than 4 rods wide, float.s arks contain- ing 1,000 bushels of grain, and opens fine facilities of inter- course with the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers. Cannadat Gap, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : at a puss of the mountains, 159 m. "W'. S. W. Tiiehmond. Caxnei.tox, p. v., Perry co., IiuL: on the Ohio r., 124 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. The neighborhood abonntis in coal, from a particular species of which (ciinnel) the v. takes its name. It possesses great manufacturing advantages, and considerable capital has l»een invested in cotton ami earthenware factories. Building material, fire clay, ete.. are abundant. The " Economist," a weekly paper, is published here. Pop. about 700. Cannon county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains S40 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Cumberland r. Sur- face mountainous, and soils generally fertile. Farms l^7T ; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,326, and pop.— wh. S,115, ft. col. 24, si. &4S— total S,0S2. Cl m. W. N. TV. Lansing, CANNONSBUEGn, p. V., Grceuup CO., K;/. : 72 m. S. "W. Frankfort. CA>"NONSBrEGn, p. v., "Washington co., Ptmn. : on Char- tier's cr., IS m. S. "W. Pittsburg, and 1S2 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Jefferson College, and a Theological Seminary are located here. Cannon's Ferry, p. c, Sussex co., Bd. : 39 ra. S. JDorer. Cannon's Mill, p. o., Columbiana co., Ofno: 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Cannon's Store, p. c, Sparlanburgh dist., S. Car.: CS N. by "W. Oilumbia. Cannonsville, p. v., Delaware co.. X. Y. : on the N. side of Delaware r., S9 m. 9. W. Albany. Canoe Creek, p. o., Burke co., K Car.: 163 m. "VT. Ealeigh. Canoga, p. T., Seneca co., A^. Y. : about one m. "W. of Cayuga Lake. 148 m. W. Albany. Canonicut island, in Narraganset Cay, J!. I. : 3 m. W. Pliode Island. It is 7 m. long and a mile broad. Canoochee, p. o.. Emanuel co., Go. : on the r. so c^illod, 79 m. S. E. Milled geville. Canooche river, Ga. : the "W. and largest confluent of Ogeeehee r. It is 100 m. long, and navigable for 50 m. to Cedar cr. Cantektiurt. t. and p. v., TVindham co., Coniu : on the W. side of Quinnebaug r.,41 m. E. Hartford. Pfip. l.t;r,r(. Ca^nterbi-ry, p. o., Kent CO., i)^/, ; at the head of Mother Kill cr., 7 m. S. by W. Dover. CAKTERErEY, t. and p. v., Merrimac co.. K. Ilamp. : on the E. Pide of the Merrimac r., 8 m. N. Concord. In the 9. E. part of the t. there Is a Shaker's village. Pop. 1,614. I Canton, p. v., ismiih co., Tcsc. : 21S ni. N. E. Austin Ciiy. Canton, p. v., Wilcox co., Alo. : on the lelT bank of the Alabama r., 03 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Ca>ton, p. v.. Lawrence co.. Ark. : on a cr. of Strawberry r., 109 m. N. by E. Little Rock. Canton, I. and p. v., Hartford co., Conn.: on Farminglon r.. 13 m. N. W. by \A'. Hartford. It has some manufactures. Pop. 1,994. Canton, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co.. Oa. : on the N. side of the Etowah r, 113 m. N. \V. Milledgeville. Canton, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : 77 m. S. Indiana- polis. The New Albany an^ Salem K. E. crosses the co. about a mile S. of the village. Canton, p. v., Fulton co., III.: on Big cr. of SpiX'n r., 47 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Canton, p. v., Jackson co., la. : on the N. side of Mako- qucta r., 47 m. N. E. Iowa City. Canton, p.v., Twigg co., Ay. : on th*- E. side of Cumljcr- land r., 40 m. from its mouth, and 194 m. W. S. W. Frank- fort. It is the place of sliipment for the produec of a rich and pruduelive back country. Canton, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me.: on Anilroscoggia r., 26 m. W. by X. Augusta. Pop. 926. Canton, p. v., and cap. Madison eo., Miss. : between the forks of a cr. of Big Black r., 23 m. N. X. E. Jackson. Canton, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mtu'^s. : on Ne pnnset r., 14 m. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Providence P. K. passes through the v.. 14 m. from Bo.ston, and 29 from Providence. It has several iron, cotton, and wook-n facto- ries. Pop. 2,59S. Canton, p. v., Salem eo., K Jor. : on the W. branch of Stowcr., 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. Canton, t., p. v., and cap. SL Lawrence co., X. Y.: on Grasse r. of the St. Lawrence, 142 m. N. W. Albany. At the V. a fine bridge is thrown over the stream, and the Watcrtown and Potsdam 11. II. will cros-s the Grassc at this point Pop. 4,6-^*>, Canton, t.. p. v., and cap. Stark co., OJiio: about 11 m. .above the bifurcation of Nimishillen cr., 103 m. X. E. Columbus. Throe newspapers, the " Ohio Eeposifory*' (whig), the " Stark County Dcmocrnt, ' and the " Ohio Staals Bote'' (Germ, dem.), are published weekly. It is a very tliriving place, being intersected by the Ohio and Pennsyl- vania E. R., Pop. of V. 2,604, and' of t. 4.326. Canton, t. and p. v., Braort of entry, Jefferson co., K. y. ■■ on the S. side of the St. Lawrence r., opposite Wolf Island, 155 m. N. W. Albany. The v. is an important com- mercial entrepi^t; the Waterlown and Rome U. P. termi- nates here, and steamboats ply regularly between this port and the principal lake ports of the Union and the Canadas. 106 The shipping owned in the district in 1S50 amdunted to 2,497 tons. Pop:3,044. C.vpoN Bkidge, p. o., Ilarapshire co., Virg. : 147 m. X. by W. Kichmond. Capon Speings, p. v., Ilampshiro co., Virg. : 143 ra. N. by \y. Kichmond. These springs are noted for their medicinal properties. Captina, p. v., Belmont co., Oldo : 105 m. E. Columbus. Cakaway, p. o., llandolph co., X. Car. : 173 m. W. by S. Paleigh. Cap.uon county, Penn. Situate E. middle, and continns430 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Lehigh, which r. runs through it. Surface diversified, but in the X. W. and S. E. hilly and broken. Soils of moderate fertility. This is one of the first coal mining counties of the State. Farms 246 ; manuf. 153; dwell. 2,544, and pop.— wh. 15,656, fr. col. 30 —total 15,636. Capital: Mauch-Chuiik. Public Works: Lehigh Xavigation, and a number of railroads from Mauch- Chunk to the mines. Caeuondale, p. v., Luzenie co., Penn. : on Lackawanna cr., 117 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The celebrated Lackawanna coal is mined in this neighborhood, whence it is carried by U. E. to Ilonesdale, and thence by canal to Port Jervis, on the Delaware r., and by the Delaware and Hudson Canal to the Hudson r. There are also ironworks in the vicinity. A mile W. of the v.. Fall Brook has a cascade of SO feet descent. Cardiff, p. o., Onondaga co., AT. T. : IIG m. W. Al- bany. Cardiff, p. v., Warren co., MUs. : 31 ra. W. by S. Jackson. CAnDiNOTON, p. v.. Morrow co., Ohio : on the Cleveland, CoVimbus, and Cincinnati Pv'. P.., SS m. N. Columbus. Carey, p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: on the Finlay branch of tho Mad Eiver and Lake Erie R. E., 72 ra. N. N. W. Columbus. Caelile's Mills, p. o.. Perry co., Mis-i.: on Tallahalla cr., 84 m. S. E. Jackson, Carlinville, p. v., and cap. Macoupin co., ///. ; about 2 m. X. of Macoupin cr., and 41 m. S. by W. Springfield. It is one of the most flourishing interior villages of the State, and an important station on the Sangamon and Alton E.E. Carlisle, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of Busse- ron cr. of the Wabash, S6 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It is the principal v. in the co., and li.as about 400 inhabitants. Carlisle, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mms. : on the X. W. side of Concord v., 19 m. X. W. Boston. Pop. 719. Carlisle, p. v., and cap. Xieholas co., Ki/. : on a small cr. of Licking r., 51 m. E. X. E. FrankforU Carlisle, p. v., Eaton co., Mich. : on a cr. of Big fork of Thornapple r., 26 ra. W. S. W. Lansing. Carlisle, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., X. Y.: 37 ra. W. Albany. The vicinity abounds with caverns. Pop. 1,S17 Cap.lisle, p. city, and cap. Cnmberland co., Pe}i7i.: on the Cumberland Valley R. R., 22 ra. from Harrisburg. Lat. 40° 12' X., and long. 77° 10' W. Dickinson College is located here, and half a ra. from tho v. tho United States' Barracks and Cavalry Seliool. The v. has several manu- factures, and a considerable trade with tho neighboring distriiM.s. The periodical press consists of the "American Volunteer" (dem.), the "American Democrat" (dem.), and the *• C. Herald" (whig), published weekly, and the " Month- ly Friend." Pop. 4,579. Carlisle, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on W. branch of Black r., UH m. X. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1 512 Carlisle Spkings, p. o., Cumberland co., Pemi. : 4 m. X. Carlisle, and 21 W. by S. Harrisburg. The wiiters are sulphurous. Caelockville, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenn. : 31 m. S. E. Xashville. Caklow, p. v., Hopkins co., Ki/. : on Doer cr. of Greeo r., 163 m. W. S. W. Frankfurt CAR CAR CABLOtvsnLLE, p. V., Dallas co., Ala. : near Pine Barren cr. of tbo Alabama, 52 m. W. by S. Montiroraery. Caielton, t, and p. v., Orleans en., _V. }'. .' on Lake Erie, 2'21 m. W. by N. Albany. The v. is located on Ihe E. side of C'ak Orebard c, about 2 m. from the lake. Pop. 2 top. Carlton, t. and p. o., Barry co., Mich. : on Little fork of Thornapplc r., 85 in. W. Lansing. Caklton's Store, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 46 m. N. E. by E. Ilichmond. Carltle, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., III. : on the W. side of Uie Kask;Lskia r., 215 m. from its month by its windings, and 87 m. S. by E. Springfield. The railroad from Yincen- nc3 across the State to Illinoistown, will probably intersect this point. Caultle, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: US m. N. W. Mont- gomery. Caemel, p. v., Uamilton co., Tyid. : 22 m. N. by E. Indian- apolis. Cabuel, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : on Sowadabs- cook r., 46 m. N. E. Avigusta. The Kennebec and Penob- scot R. li. passes through the township. Pop. 1,22S. Carmel, t., p. V,, and cap. Putnam co., A'. Y. : on the W. side of Croton r., 73 ni. S. by E. Albany. There are several small lakes in the t., on one of which the v. is pleas- antly situate. Pop. 2,442. Caiuiel Hill, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car.: 71 m. N- Columbia. Caemi, p. o., and cap. "White co., JIL: on the W. side of the Little Wabash r., 147 m. S. E. Springflel.i Caemicuael's, p. o., Greeno co., Feiin. : 1S7 m. W. by 8. Ilarrisburg. Caknent Phaiuie, p. o.. Perry co., HI. : IIS m. S. Spring- Geld. Cabnesville, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Ga, : on Stephen's cr. of Broad r., 91 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. Caroline county, Md. Situate E. shore on State line, and contains 310 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Choptank r, Marshy Hope cr., and other streams. Surface fiat. Soils Bandy, but improvable. Farms 730 ; dwelL 1.526, and pup. — wh. 6,09C, fr. col. 2,7SS, si. bOS— total 9,692. OipHul: Denton. Caeoune county, Mrg. Situate E. between Kappahan- nock and North Anna, a tributary of Pamunky r., and con- tains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by head waters of Matt:ipnny r. Surface hilly and broken, and sods various. The principal products are wheat, Indian com, oats, and toltacco, Farms 715; manuf. 51; dwell. 903, and pop.— wh. 6,S92, fr. col. 91)3, si. 10.661— total 18,456. Capital: Bowling Green. I'ublic Worls: Frederick and Richmond R. R. Carolina, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : 146 m. "W. by S. Nashville. Carolina Female College, p. o., Anson ca, A"! Ca?: : 89 m. S. W. Raleigh. Caroline, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., A'. Y.: on the "W. side of "West Owego cr., 123 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga ami Susquehanna R. R. passes through the "W. part of the L Pop. 2,637. Caroline Centre, p. o., Tompkins co., A''. Y. : 131 m.W. AU)any. Caroline Mills, p. o., Washington co., J?. I. Cakonhelet, p. c, SL Louis co.. Mo.: on the W. side of the Mississippi, and 5i m. below St. Louis, and lOS in. E. JcfTorson City. It is an important v., and contains about 800 inhabitants. Cakpentf.h's Creek, p. o., Jasper co., Ind. : on the cr. so called, 93 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Carpenter's Landing, p. v., Gloucester co., X. Jf'r. : at the head of sloop navigation on Mantuacr. of the Delaware, 7 m. above its confluence, 44 m. S. W. Trenton. It has considerable trade in lumber and fire-wood. Pop. about 300. Carpf.nteksville, p. v.. Putnam co., Jnd. : on a branch of Cig Raccoon er., 38 ni. W. Indianap<»Ii8. Carp liivEtt, p. o., Marquette co., MUzh. : on the r. of same name, 292 m. N. W. Lansing. Carp r. is a small stream emptying into Lake Superior, below Talcott Harbor. Carr. p. o., Jasper co., la. : S3 m. "W. Iowa City. Carribou, p. o., Aroostook co., Mn. Caruitl-nk, p. v., Somerset co., Me.: on the E. side of Kennebec r., 5:J m. N. by W. Augusta. Carroll county. Ark. Situate N. "W. on State line, and contains 1,004 sq. m. Drained by Creeks of White r. Sur- face level or undulating. Soils of average fertility. Farms 541 ; manuf 1 ; dwell. 6sG, and pop.— wh. 4,390, fr. cul. 11, si. 213— total 4,614. Capital : Ciarrollton. Carroll county, On. Situate N. W. on State line, and contains 760 sq. ra. Drained by Tallapoosa r. and the trib- utaries of Chattahoocliee r., which bounds it S. E. Surface elevated and broken, and the soil indifferent. "Wheat, In- dian com, and cotton are the chief products. Farms 782 ; manuf. 16 ; dwell. 1,379, and pop.— wh. 8,252, fr. col. 4, si. 1,101— total 9,357. Capital: Carrollton. Capjioll county, /?/. Situate N. W. on Mississippi r., and contains 496 sq. m. Drained by Plum r. and several , creeks. Surface undulating— prairie predominating. Near the Mississippi are several sloughs and lakes. Soil uni- formly rich. Farms 482 ; manuf. IT ; dwell. 814, and pop. — wh. 4.5S3, tV. col. 3— total 4,5S6. Capital: Mount Carroll. Carroll county, Ind. Situate N. N. W. middle, and contains 376 sq. ni. Surface generally level, but undulates on the "Wabash, Tippecanoe, and "Wild Cat. wliieh are the principal streams. Mostly covere*! with timber. Ttj^e soil is a rich loam. Farms 1.129 ; manuf. 79 ; dwell. 1909, and pop.— wh. 10.982, fr. col. 3:3— total 11,015. Cajntal : XM:\\i\\\. PuhliG Worku: Wabash and Erie Canal. Carroll county, la. Situate "W., and contains 576 sq m. Taken from Pottowattomie in 1851. Carroll county, Ky. Situate N., at the confluence oi Kentucky r. ivith the Ohio, and contains 142 sq. m. Drained by Kentucky r. and its creeks. Surface generally level, and the soils of an average fertility. "Wheat, corn, and tobacco are the staple products. Farms 376; manuf. 17; dwell. T6t!, and pop.— wh. 4,552, fr. col. 25, si. 949— total 5,526. Capi- tal: Carrollton. Carroll parish, La. Situate N. E. of "W. District, on Mississippi, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Bayoux du Co'ufand Macon, and river Tensas — all tributaries of the Washita. Surface low and level; soils of great fertility. Farms 235; manuf. 10; dwell. 5S2, and pop.— wh. 2,336. fr. col. 10, si. 6,443— total 8,789. Capital: Lake Providence. Carroll county, Md. Situate N. middle, and contains 462 sq. m. Drained by streams flowing into Patapsco r., Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac, and Monocacy rivers. Parr's Kidge, a high watershed, divides the county, and diverta the course of the streams. Surface hilly and rocky; soila thin, but there is much good farm land. Grazing is much attended to ; iron and copper abound, and there is flue tim- ber. Farms 1,387; manuf. 124; dwell. 8,476, and pop.— wh. 18,607, fr. col. 974, si. 975— total 20.616. Capital: Westminster. Puhlic Works: Baltimore and Ohio K. li., and Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R. Carroll county, 3/w5. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 1,040 sq. m. Drained by the branches of "i'azoo and Big Black rivers. Surface various, but soils rich and pro- ductive. The principal products are Indian corn and cattle. Farms 980; manuf 45; dwell. 1,441, and pop.— wh. 8,661, fr. col. 18, si. S.S12— total 18,491. Capital: Car- rollton. Carroll county. Mo. Situate W. on Missouri r., having Grand r. on its K. border, and contains 670 sq. m. Drained by Waconda and Big creeks. Surface undulating, eliiefly prairie. Farms 3^83; manuf. 15; dwell. 770, and pop — wh. 4,SI2, fr. col. 8, si. 621— total 5,441. Capital : Carrollton. Carroll county, N, Ifaivp. Situate E. middle, and con- tains 512 sq. m. Drained N. by Saco r., and S. and E. by creeks emptying into Lake Winnipiseogee. Surface varied ; lOT CAR CAR soils moderately fcrtilo. Farms 2,S05 ; manuf. 135; dwell. 3,724, and pop.— wb. 20.1*i, fr. col. 2— tula! 20,156. Capitle 40 m. to the High Falls, where tlie Black Eiver Canal com- mences, but below navigation is interrupted. Caethage, p. v., Hamilton co,, Ohio: on Mill cr., S m. N. Cincinnati, and 94 m. S. "W. Columbus. The Miami Canal and Ihe Cincinnati. Hamilton, and Dayton It. It. in- tersects it at this point. Its central position in [lie county causes it to be a place of puliiic meetings, and here the Hamilton County Agricultural I'airs are lield. Caethage, p. v., and cap. Smith co., Ttnn.: on the N. bank of Cumberland r., opposite the confluence of the Cancy Fork, 46 m. E. Nashville. Cartuage (or Low Point) La>ting, p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : 76 m. S. Albany. Carticat, p. v.. Gilmer co., Ga. : on the river so called, 132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Carver, t. and p. c, Plymouth co., Mass.: 41 m. S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,]S6. C vrver's Harbor, p. o., Waldo co., Me. Carversville, p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: lOS m. E. Ilar- risburg. Carverton, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : 78 m. N. E. Har- risburg. C'artsvflle, p. v., Champaign co., Okio: 53 m. W. by N. Columbus. Cascade, p. o., Dubuque co., la. : on Fall r., a branch of Makoqucta r., 49 m., N. E. Iowa City. Ca-scade, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise. : S2 m. X. E. by E. Madison. Cascade, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Vtrg. ; on a cr. of Poan- oke r., 139 m. S. W. Pirlmiond. Cascade La Portaille, Mieh.: on the S. shore of Lake Superior. It consists of a stream emerging; from a eliff of the Pictured Hocks, 70 feet above the lake, in its e.«cape into which it leaps to such a distance that boats pass dry and safe between it and tho rocks. The caj^cade contributes a beauty to the sublimity with which the scone is invested. Casco, p. v., Cumberland cr>., Jfe.: onCro<_>!.*d cr.,4'2 m. W. S. W. AugTisUi. Pop. of 1. 1,045. Casco Bat, Cumberland co., Me. : an arm of the At- lantic, which sets up between Cape Elizabeth and Cape Small Point, 20 m. apart, and affords a good ancliorage. About 800 small islands are scattered within Us superflees, m; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,914, and pop.— wh. 10,518, fr. col. S89— total 10,907. Capital ; Caasopolis. Cass county, Mo. Situate W. on the State line, and con- tains 670 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of South Grand r. Surface level prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 729; manuf. 19; dwell. 933, and pop. — wli. 5,610, fr. col. 2, si. 47S— total G,090. Capital: Harrisonville. Cass county, Tej^. Situate X. E. between Sulphur Fork of Red r., and Big Cypress r. and Caddo lake. The watcr- .shed being near the X. border, the greater number and largest streams fall into the waters bounding it S. Surface elevated, undulating, and well watered — timber abundant on the streams. Soils dark black mold mixed with clay. Farms 365 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 558, anout20 m. above its confluence. It passes through a rich interval, covered with a heavy growth of beech and sugar tree. In high water it is boatable for 15 or 20 m., and in its whole course affords excellent mill sites. Cassapaga, p. v.. Chautauque co., y. Y. : on the W. side of the hike so called, 276 m. W. by S. Albany. Cas=adaga lake and creek empty into the Conewango cr.. a tributary of Alleghany r. 109 GAS CAT Cassity's Mills, p. o.» Morgan co., Ky, : 89 m. E. Frank- fort. Cassopolis, p. v., and cap. Cass co., MicJu : on the N.W. border of Stone Lake, 69 m. S. W. Lansing. Cabstown, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: 68 m. W. Colum- bus. Casstown, p. v., 'White co., Tenn, : TO m. E. Naah- ville. Cassville, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ga. : 123 ni. N. W. Milledgtrville. It is a thriving village, and has a weekly newspaper, the "C. Standard." The Western and AUautic E. R. passes it on the 8. W. Cassville, p. v., Harrison Co., Ohio: 9S m. E. by N. Columbus. Cassville, p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mo. : on Flat cr. of James r., a fork of the White r., 162 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Casstille, p. v., Oneida co., y. Y. : on Sauquoit cr., 76 m. W. by N. Albany. Cassvii^e, p. v., Uontingdon co., JTenn.: 63 m. "W. Harrisburg. Cassville, t. and p. v., Grant co.. Wise. : on the E. side of Mississippi r., S4 m. W. by S. Madison. Cassville, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 19S m. N. "W. Eichmond. Cassweu, county, 2^. Car. Situate N. middle on the State line, and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Dan r. Surface elevated and varied. Soils fertile. "Wheat, com, oats, and tobacco are largely produced, and the slock of cattle, etc., is ample. Farms 707 ; manuf. 56; dwell. S15, and pop— wh. 7,0S1, fr. col. 41S, si. 7,770— total 10,269. Capital: Tanceyville. Castalia, p. v., Erie co., Ohio: 98 m. N. Columbus. Cabtalian Speings, p. O.J Sumner co., Tejvn. : 33 m. N. E. NashviUc, Cji£TiLE, t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., yi Y.: 222 m. W. Albany. The Genessee r. flows through the E. part of the town, and in the N. part is Silver Lake. The village is lo- cated on the Buffalo and New York City R. 11. Pop. ?,446. Castile, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: 1S9 m. W. by S. ilarrisburg. Castile, p. v., Clinton co.. Mo.: on a cr. of Platte r. so called, 146 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Cabtine, p. v., Darke co., Ohio : SI m. W. Columbus. Cabtixe, t., p. v., sea-port, and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : On a peninsula on the E. side of Penobscot Bay, opposite Belfast, 43 m. E. Augusta. The town is almost surrounded by navigable waters. The village at the S. end of the pen- insula has a good harbor, capable of receiving the largest ships. The site was occupied by the French as early as 1667, and it was held by the British in the last war. It is the key to the Penobscot r., and might easily be fortified. The lumber and coasting trade employ its shipping, and much attention is paid to the flsheiics. Pop. 1,261. Castle Craig, p. o., Campbell co., Virg.: 109 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Castle Creee, p. o., Broome co., A1 Y.: 112 m. S. W. Albany. Castle Fin, p. v., York co., Pe^in. : 41 m. S. by E, Harrisburg. Castle Gro^t;, p. o., Jones co., la. : 43 m. N. E. by E. Iowa City. Castlemas's Ferbt, p. c, Clarke co., Virg. : on Shenan- doah r., 105 m. N. by W. Richmond. Castleman's river, Penn. : the E. branch of the You- ghiogeny r. It is a rapid stream and has many falls and cascades. Castleton, I., Richmond co., y. Y. : on the N. end of Staten Island. Pop. 5;5S9. Cabtlejon, t. and p. o., Batry co., Mich. : on the Big Fork of Thornapple cr. 42 m. W. by S. Lansing. In this town the river expands into largo lakes, which cover a tenth of the town lands Pop. 324. 110 Castlkton, p. v., Eenssellaer co., N. Y. : on the E. side of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River E. R., 10 m. S. Albany. Castleton, t and p. v., Rutland co., Ver^n.: on Castle- ton r., 64 m. S. W. Montpelier. Lake Bombazine, 8 m. long and less than 3 m. broad, lies mostly in the town, and contains a beautiful island of 10 acres. The village is the seat of CasUeton Medical College, a department of Mid- dlebury College. The Saratoga and CasUeton R. R. and the Rutland and Washington R. R. intersect at this point, and unite with the Vermont and Canada lines. P. 3 016. Castoe, p. o., Caldwell par., La. : 134 m. K. W. Baton Rouge. Castorville. p. v., and cap. Medina co., 7*08, p. v., Lincoln co., X. Car. : on the W. sida Catawba r., 3 m. distant, and 123 ra. W. by S, Raleigh. Catawba Tiew, p. o., Caldwell co., -AT Car. : 153 m. W. Ealeigh. Catawissa, t and p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : on the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Catawissa cr., 58 m. N. N. E, Ilarrisburg. The Catawissa and Little Schuylkill E. R. passes through the village. Pop. of v. 5G5. Catawissa Vallev, p. o., EchuylkiU co., Penn.: 58 m, N. E. Harrisburg. Catfish Furnace, p. o., Clarion co., Penn. : 166 m, W. N. W. Harrisburg. Catuaihnes, t and p. v., Chemung co., K Y.: 154 m. W. by S. Albany. The t Is drained by Catharines and Cayuta creeks. Pop. 3,070. Catharine Lake, p. o., Onslow co., N. Car. .'93 m. S. E. Ealeigh. Catucaet, p. v., White CO., Ind. : 82 m. N. N. W. Indiatt- apolis. CATnEY's Creek, p. o., Henderson oo., N. Co/r. CAT CED Catiilamet, v., Pacific co., Qreg. : on the N. bonk of Columbia r., iibout 30 m. from its mouth, and 86 m. N. Salem. Cati.etts BURGH, p. 0., Grccnop co., Ey. : on the Ohio r., below the moulh of Big Sandy r., 133 m. E. Frankfort. Cato, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., 2/. Y. : on Seneca r„ 142 m. W. Albany. Pop. 3;247. Caton, t. and p. o., Steuben co., JV. Y. : 166 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Pop. 1214. Catonsville, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. side of Patapsco r.. 2 ra. distant, and 36 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Cato Speings, p. o., Ilankin co., Miss. Caiskill, t., p. v., and cap. Greene co., jY. Y.: on the Vi. side of Hadson r., 31 m. S. Albany. The v. lies on both sides of Catikill cr.,near its junction with the Hudson, and contains, besides the county buildings, several hand- some churches, hotels, and stores. It has numerous manu- factures, and is much engaged in the river trade. Two newspapers, the '■ C. Democrat," and the " Greene County Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 5,454. Catskill Mountains (Kaolsberg), JV^. 1". ." rise in Ulster CO., and, extending through Greene and Schoharie counties, beud in a crescent form toward the Mohawk r. Kound Top, tlie highest peak, measured by the barometer, is 3,S04 feet abo\ e tide water ; and a second peak is S,71S feet. On the K. the mountains are precijntous, but on the W. side the descent is comparatively gentle. In these mountains, many of the wild animals indigenous to the State are still to be found. These mountains are frequently resorted to by summer tourists. Cattaraugus county, X. Y. Situate S. W., and contains 1,234 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany r. and Cat- taraugus er. — the waters of the former being conveyed to the Gulf of Mexico, and of the latter to the Atlantic through St. Lawrence r. Surface elevated, well timbered, and the soils excellent, producing wheat, com, etc., of the finest quality. Bog-iron ore, manganese, peat, marl, etc., are found in abundance ; and near Freedom is an oil spring — there are also saline and sulphur springs. Farms 3.655 ; manuf. 299; dwell. 6,750. and pop.— wh. 88,851, fr. col. 99 — total 3S,950. Capital: EUicottsvillc. Public Wurks: Gen- essec Valley Canal ; New York and Erie R. K., etc. Caughdenoy, p. v., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 123 m. W. N."W. Albany. Cave, p. o., Franklin co., Hi. : In the S. E. part of the CO., 13S m. S. E. Springfield. Cave, p. o., "White co., TeTin. : 78 m. E. Nashville. Cave in Eock, p. o., Hardin co., III. : on the Ohio r., 1S2 m. S. S. E. Springfield. The remarkable cave which gives name to this p. o., is near the water's edge, and is partially filled at a higli stage of the r. Its entrance is visible in passing up and down the stream. A perpendicular shaft Opens at some distance from its mouth, on ascending which the visitor finds a largo number of chambers of various sizes, hung with stalactites. This is one of the greatest curiosities of the West. Cavekder's Ceeek, p, 0,, Lumpkin co., Ga. : 120 m. N. N. "W. Milledgeville. Cavendish, t. and p. o., "Windsor co., T'trm. .■ on Black r., 56 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The surface of the t. is exceedingly hiliy, and the channel of the r. at the falls has been worn down some 100 feet. Considerable manufac- lureshave been established on the streams. Pop. 1,576. Cave Sprino, p. o., Floyd co., Ga.: a little to the W. of Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 1-15 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Cave Spring, p. o., Scott co., Ay. : IS m. N. E. Fr-ankforU Cave Speing, p. o., "Wright co., Mo. : 80 m. S. by "W. Jefferson City. Cave Spring, p. o., Roanoke co., Virg. : on "W. side of the Blue Ridge, 129 m. W. Richmond. Cavetown, p. v., "Washington co., Md. ; on Cave Branch of Beaver cr., 8 m. from Hagerstown, and 86 m. N. "W. Annapolis. Cayuga county, iV", Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 643 sq. m. Drained by Skaneateles, Owasco, and Cayuga lakes, the'u- connections and creeks ; also by several streams emptying into Lake Ontario. Surface generally level, but much varied, and the soils productive. Gypsum abounds, and there aro several sulphur, chalybeate, and saline springs in the county. Farms 4,22S ; manuf. 508 ; dwell. 9.259, and pop.— wh. 54,924, fr. col. 534— total 55,453. Capital: Auburn. Puhlia Works: Erie Canal; Syracuse and Rochester R. R., etc. Cayuga, p. v., Hinds co.. Miss.: on a small cr. of Big Black r., 83 m. S. W. Jackson. Cayuga, p. v., Jackson co., Mkh. : 87 m. S, by E. Lansing. Cayuga, p. v., Cayuga co., K. Y. : on the N. E. side of Cayuga Lake, 144 ra. W. Albany. The lake is here crossed by a bridge more than a mile long, over which the Roches- ter and Syracuse R. R. passe*, and a regular steamboat line runs from this v. to Hhaca, in connection with the Cayuga and Susquehanna R. R. Cayuga lake, N. Y.: lies betwe.n Seneca and Tomp- kins counties. It is about 40 m. long, and from 1 to 8) m. wide, and empties into Seneca r. It is ven' deep, and eon- tains abundance of fine fish. A steamboat plies regularly from Cayuga Bridge to Ithaca, calling at tlie intermediate places. Cayuta, t. and p. o., Chemung co., iV. Y. : on Cayuta cr., 142 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Pop 1.035. Cayutaville, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on E. side of Caj-uta Lake. 140 m. "W. S. "W. Albany. Cazenovia, t. and p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on Cazeno- via Lake, lOS m. "W. Albany. It is a busy place, and has several manufactures. The "Madison County Whig'* is issued weekly. Pop. 4,812. Cecil county, 31(1. Situate N. E., and contains 360 sq. m. Drained by I'^Ik, North-east, and other rivers. Sur- face generally undulating, sometimes hilly and broken. Soils light and loamy, with a reddish clay subsoil. Rocks abundant, and iron, chromes, and other minerals found. Timbc-r sufl[ioient for domestic purposes. Farms 1,208; manuf. 176 ; dwell. 3,056, and pop— wli. 15,472, fr. col. 2,623, si. &44— total 18,939. Capital: Elkton. PiMio Works: Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R. ; New- castle and Frenchtowu li. R. ; and Chesapeake and Dela- ware Canal. Cecil, t. and p. o., "Washington co., Penn.: on Muller's branch of Chartier's cr., 173 m. "W. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 1,'JS7. Cecilton, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : on the N. of Sassafras r., 3 m. distant, 43 m. N. E. Annapolis. Cedar county, Ja. Situate E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and Its branches. Surface undulating and soils fertile. Farms 353; manuf. 4; dwell. 6S6, and pop.— wh. 3,939, fr. col. 2— total 3.941. Capital: Tipton. Cedar county, Mo. Situate "W., and contains 423 eq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Sac r. of the Osage. Sur- face level, with some woodland. Soils exceedingly fertile. Farms 347; manuf. 7; dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 3,273, fr. col. 1, si. 32— total 3,361. Capital: Fremont. Cedar, p. v., Allen co., Iiid. : at the confluence of Cedar cr. with Little St. Jaseph r., 112 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Cedar, p. 0., Livingston co., Mich. : 33 m. E. by S. Lansing. Cedar Bayoit, p. o., Liberty co., Ttw. ; on a cr. so called, 173 m. E. Austin City. Cedar Bluff, p. v., Cherokee co.. Ala. : 132 m. N. by E. Montgomerj'. Formerly capital of the county. Cedar Bluff, p. o., Ocktibbeha co., Miss. : 107 m. N. E. Jackson. Cedar Bluff, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : 233 m TV. by 8. Richmond. Cedar BRANcn, P.O., Campbell CO., 6'rt..- 91 m. W.N."W. Milledgeville. Cedajibubgh, t. and p. v., "Washington co., Wise. : on the 111 CED CEN "W. side of Cedar cr. of MUwaukie r, 7-4 m. E. by N. Madison. Pop. 1,184. Cedar Ceree, p. v., Sussex co., Pel. : 2T m. S. by E. Dover. Cedar Creek hund. contains 72,090 acres Cedae Creek, p. o., Kutherford co., iV. Car.: 173 m. "W. 9. ^Y. Kaleigh. Cedar Ceekk, p. o., 'Washington co., Wise. : on the W. eideof Cedar cr., 63 m. E. by N. Madison. Cedae creek, !7uf. : a tributary from the N. of Little SU Joseph r. It is an excellent mill stream, about 40 m. in lengrth. Cedar creek, Ind. : a branch of Kankakee r., the outlet of Cedar Lake. Cedar creek, Kockbridge co., Virff. : a tributary of James r. U is remarkable for the Natural Bridge that spans it 12 m. S. of Lexington. The r. passes through a chasm which is 00 feet wide at tlie top, and the walls are 250 feet high, almost perpendicular. The bridge is a huge rock thrown across the chasm at the top; it is 60 feet wide, and covered with earth and trees, forming a sublime spec- tacle when seen from the margins of the stream. Cedar Creek, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 42 m. W, by S. Lansing. Cedar Creek, p. o., Monmouth co., 2i. Jer. Cedar Creek, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car. : on a cr. of the Congareo r. so called, 17 m. S. E. Columbia. Cedar Creek, p. o., Greene co., Tenn.: on Cedar cr. of the Nolichucky r., 221 m. E. Nashville. Cedar Cbbek, p. o., Frederick co,, Vii'i/- •' 122 m. N. N.W. Richmond. Cedar Creek Mills, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : 156 m. N. Springfield. Cedar Falls, p. v., and cap. Black Hawk co., la. : on Cedar r., 73 m. N. W. Iowa City. Cedar Falls, p. c, Randolph co., 2^. Car. : 66 m. "W. Raleigh. Cedar Falls, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car.: on Cedar cr. of Congaree r., 22 m. S. E. Columbia. Cedar Ford, p. o., Grainger co., Tomi. : 1T9 m. E. Nashville. Cedar Grove, p. o., Jefferson co., Ala. : 92 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Cedar Gkovt^, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise: S. of Union r. of the Sheboygan, 7S m. E. by N. Madison. Cedar Grove, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : on the E. side of White Water r., SS m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Cedar Grove, p. o.. Orange co., JV. Car. : 47 m. N. W. Raleigh. Cedae Geote, p. o., Wilson co., Tenn. : 33 m. E. Nash- ville, Cedar Grove, p. o., Breckenridgo co., X'j.: S9 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Cedar Gbove, p. o.. Kauffman co., Tex. : on Cedar cr. of Trinity r., 226 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Cedar Grove Mills, p. o., Rockbridge co., Tirg. : 114 m. W. Richmond. Cedar Hill, p. o., Albany co., JV. T.: near the Hudson r.. 6 m. S. Albany. Cedar Hill, p. o., Anson co., Al Car. : W. gf tho Yad- kin r., 87 m. S. W. Raleigh. Cedar island, Mich. : a small island at tho entrance of Detroit strait into Lake Krie. Cedar Kev, p. o., Levy co., Flor.: IOC m. S. E. Talla- hassee. Tho Cedar Keys consist of several small islands off the mouth of the Suwannee r., on the W. coast of the peninsula, and are iidiabit^d by fishrrraen and wreckers. Cedar Lake, p. o., Lake co., Lid. : on the lake so called, 123 m. -N. W. Indianiipolis. Cedar Lake is 3 m. long, and three-tburths of a mile wide, and abounds in various de- scriptions of fisb. Cedar Lake, p. o.. Brazoria co., Tixo.: on Cedar Lake Bayou, on th-; S. W. part of the co., 158 m. S. E. Austin City. 112 Cedar Lake, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : on a small col- lection of water so called, 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The lake empties through a cr. of St. Joseph's r. Cedar Lake, p. o., Herkimer co., y. T. : on a lake so called, &7 m. N. W. Albany. Cedae lake, 3fich. : a small collection of water in the S. E. comer of Van Buren co., the waters of which are eon- ducte*! into St. Joseph r. by a branch of Dowagiake r., which rises from it. Cedar Moujjt, p. o., W>-the co., Virff. : 211 m. W. by 3. Richmond. , Cedar Plains, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : 14S ra. N. by W. Montgomery. Cedar Point, p. o., Page CO., Virff.: 93 m. N. W. Richmond. Cedar Rapids, p. o., Linn co., la.: at the rapids of Cedar r., 23 m. N. by W. Iowa City. Cedar Siioal, p. o., Chester dist., S. Cur. : 61 m. N. W. Columbia. Cedar Spring, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 99 m. N. N. E. Monlgomer}'. Cedar SpRtNQ, p. o., Wythe co., Virff. : 212 m. W. by S. Richmond. Cedar Spring Asylum, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. Cedar Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : S3 m. N. W. Columbia. Cedar Springs, p. o., Allen co., Ky. : 122 m. S. W. Frankfort. Cedar Swamp, p. o.. Queens co. X T. : 122 m. S. by E. Albany. Cbdartown. p. v., Paulding co., Ga. : between the forks of Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 132 m. W. N. W. MOlcdgevUle. Cedar Tree, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 61 ra. N. Mont- gomery. Cedar Yalley, p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. Columbus. Cedarville, p. v., Cumberland co., K. Jer. : on Cedar cr., 4 m. from Delaware Bay, and 62 S. by W. Trentoiu It has some manufactures and considerable trade in wood. Cedarville, p. v., Herkimer co., N, Y. : 72 m. W. by N. Albany. Cedarville, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on the line of the Columbus and Xenia R. R., 47 m. S. E. Columbus. Cedarville, p. v., Washington co., Virg. : 246 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Cedp.on, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : S6 m. S. W. Columbus. Celestise, p. v., Dubois co., Ind.: a few miles S. of Patoka r., and 93 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Celina, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., Ohio: on the W. side of the upper Wabash r., 94 m. W. N, W. Colnrabus. A newspaper, the "Western Standard" (dem.), is ])ublished weekly. Celina, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn, : on the E. side of Cumberland r., 72 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Cestral, p. 0., St, Louis co., Mo. : 92 m. E. Jefferson City. Central, p. o., Columbia co., Peim. : 67 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Central Bridoe, p..o., Schoharie co., N, T.: on Scho- harie cr. of the Mohawk, 27 m. W. Albany. Central College, p. o., Franklin co, N. Y.: 138 m. N. N. W. Albany. Central Plains, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : 49 m. W. Richmond. Central Point, p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : 37 m. N, Richmond. Central Sqcare, p. o., Oswego co., K. Y.: 123 m. W. N. W. Albany. Central Village, p. v., Windham co., Conn. : on the Norwich and Worcester R. R., 39 fn, E. Hartford, 19 m. from Norwich, and 40 m. from Worcester. Centre county, Penn. Situate centrally, and contains 1,4S0 sq. m. Dramed by Bald Eaglo, Penn's, and other CEN CEN creeks, and by the W. brandi of Sugqucliaiina r. Surface roeky nnd nK.uiitninous. Soils of a stubborn nature acen- orally, but along the slreams there is much that is blaihly fertile. Farms 1,043; mamif. 171; dwell. 3,9'36, and pop.— wh. 23,112, fr. eol. 2-13— tntal 23,355. Oijj/tal : Bellefoute. Centre, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ala. : 13t> m. N. by E. Montgnmery. Centre, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: GQ m. W. S. W. Columbus. Centre, p. v., Talbot eo., Ga. : S2 m. W. by S. Millodge- yille. Cestee, p. v., Cass co., Tea*. : 27S m. N. E. Austin City. Centre, p. v., Earrcn co., A'/A ■* ^^ "^- ^- ^' Frankfort. Centre, t. and p. o., Eock co., Wise. : 41 m. S. by E. Ma.lison. Pop. 626. Centre, p. v., Guilford co., K Cm: : 69 ra. "W. by N. Kaleigh. Centre, t, and p. o., Perry co., PeuTu : 36 ra. N. W. Ilar- risburg. Pop. 1,20S. Centre Almond, p. v., Allogliany co., 3'". }' ; 203 m. W. S. W. Albany. Centue Karnsteap, p. v., Bclknnp co., M Ilainp,: on Simcook r., IS m. N. E. by E. Concord. Centre Beli'ke, p. v., Washington co.. Ohio: on the Ohio r., below Blenncrhassetfs Island, S6 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Centre Behi-in. p. v., Ilensscllaer co., X. T. : on lloosic r., 19 m. E. Albany. Centre Bridge, p. o., Bucks co., Pain. : 1()3 ni. E. Ilarrisburg. Ckntre Beook, p. o., Middlesex co., Oynn. : 24 m. S. by E. Hartford. CENTREBURon, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : on the S. side of the N. fork of Licking r., 33 ra. N. E. Columbus. Centre Cambridge, p. v., Washington co., K. K : 2S m. N. N. E. Albany. Centre Canisteo, p. t., Steuben co., jV. }'.- on the S. side of Canisteo r., 169 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Centre Conway, p. v., Carroll eo., A' Ilamp. : on Swift r., 50 m. N. E. Concord. The Great Falls and Conway E, K. will pass near this village. Centre Creek, p. o., Iron co., Utah Ter. Cehtee Cross, p. c, Essex co., Virg. : 62 m. N. E. Eichmond. Cfntredale, p. o.. Providence co., li. I. : 11 m. W. Providence, Centrefield, p. v., Ontario co., K. Y. : 177 ni. W. Albany. Centrefield, p. v., Oldham co., Ky. : 37 m. N. W. Frankfort. Centrefield, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on the S. side of Paint or., 54 m. S. W. Columbus. Centre Groton, p. v., New London, co., Conm.: 43 m. 8. E. Hartford. Centre Guilford, p. v., Piscataquis co., Mf. : 5S m. N. N. E. Augusta. Centre Harbor, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K n>nnp.: between Winnt-pisseogcc Lake on the S., and Squam Lake on the N., 3S m. N. Concord. Pop. 549. Centre Hn-L, p. o., Centre co., Penv. Harrisburg. Centre Hill, p. c, Stewart co., G'ff. .■ MilIedgeville. CENTftE Indevendence, p. 0., Alloghany co., N. Y. : 205 m. W. S. W. Albany. Centre Lebanon, p. v., York co., J/c. .• S4 m. S. W. Augusta. Centre Lincolntille, p. v., Waldo co., 3fe. : 37 m. E. by S. Augusta. Centre Line, p. o., Centre co., Penn. : SI m. N. W. Harrisburg. Centre Llsle, p. o., Broome co., A^. Y. : 113 m. W. by S. Albany. 74 ra. N. W. 113 m. S. W. Centue Lo'vell, ji. o.. (;)xf.jrd co., J/h. .■ 57 m. E. by S. Augusta. Centre Montville, p. v., Waldo co.. Jfe. : 27 m. E. by N. Augusta. Centre Moreland, p. v., Wyomini; co., Penn.: 98 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Centre Ossippee, p. v., Carroll co., A\ Ilamp.: 42 m. N. N. E. Concord. Centre Point, p. v., Monroe co., 7i y. ; IIS m. S. S W Frankfort. Centre Point, p. v., Sevier co., Arl-. : 147 m. W. S. W. Little Kock. Cfntre Point, p. v.. Linn co., Ja. : on a cr. of Cedar r., 3S m. N. by W. Iowa City. Centre Point, p. v., Knox co., IlL : 73 m. N. N. W- Springfleld. Centre Poet {now Elm BurFF), p. v., Dallas co., Ala. : on the E. side of Alabama r., 49 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Centrepobt, p. v., SutTulk co., K. Y. : on Great Cow Bay, lis m. S. by E. Albany. Centre Eidge, p. v., Kemper co., Miss.: 91 m. E. N. E. Jackson. » Centre Rutland, p. v., Rutland co., Term. .- on Mill r. of Otter cr.. 49 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Centre Sandwich, p. v., Carroll co., NI I/amp. : 46 m. N. Concord. Centre Suerman. p. v., Chautauquc co,, N. Y. : 293 m. W. by S. Albany. Centre Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., Mi}.:b m. N. Augusta. Centre Star, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ahi. : 194 m. N. W. Montgomery. Centre Strafford, p. v., Strafford co., N. Ilavvp. : 21 m. E. Concord. Centreton, p. v., Salem co., 27". Jer. : 66 m. S. by W. Trenton. Centrf-ton, p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 103 m. N. by E. Columbus. Centeetown, p. v., Dubuque co., la, : GG m. N. E. Iowa City. Centretown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 197 m. W. N.W. Harrisburg. Centretown, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 118 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Centre Valley, p. o., Lehigh co., P^in. : 69 m. E. N. E. Han-isburg. Centre Valley, p. o., Otsego co., K Y.: 49 m. W. by N. Albany. Centre Village, p. v., Camden co., Ga. : 16S m. S. E. Milledgeville. Centre Village, p. v., Broome CO., Al }"; .• 117m.W. S. W, Albany. Centreville, p. v., Montgomery co., Ark. : 72 m, W. by S. Little EoL-k. Centreville, p. v., Leon co., Tex. : 12G m. N. E. Austin City. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Bibb co., Ala.: on tbo E. side of Cahawba r., at the lower falls, 65 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. CENTREvn.LE, p. V., Newcasflc CO., Del. : near the N. State line, 39 m. N. by W. Dover. Centreville, p. v., Leon co., Flor. Centretille, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga.: S. of Long or. of Broad r., 51 m. N. E. MilledgeviUe. Centreville, p. v., Columbia CO., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. Madison. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Ind. : on theE. side of White Water r., 61 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The Central Indiana E. E. passes through the v. about 11 ra. W. l;ichmond. Centreville. p. v., and cap. St. Joseph's co., Mich. : on the S. side of Prairie r. of St. JosepJi's r., 73 m. S. W. Lansing. It is an improving town, and has a newspaper, 113 CEN CHA Uie *'St Joseph's County Adverllser" (whig), pubUshed weeklv. A branch of the University is located here. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., la. : 76 m. B. W. Iowa City. Centp.eville, p. v., Wabash co., lU. : 133 m. S. E. Springfield. Centbeville, p. v., Conway co., Ark. : 47 m. N. W. Little Kock. Centbeville, p. v., Bourbon co., Ki/. : 83 m. E. Frank- forl. Centrevtlle, p. v., St. Mary's par,, La. : on the S. side of Bayou Tech6, 51 m. S. by W. Baton llouge. Centbeville, p. v., and cap. Queen Anne co., Md. : at the head of Corsica cr., 25 m. E. Annapolis. Centbeville, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass.: G3 m. S. E. Boston. Centbeville, p. v., Amilie co., Miss. : 94 m. S. "W. by S. Jackson. Centbeville, p. v., Moore co., JVl Car, : 45 m. S. W. Raleigh. Centbeville, p. v., Hunterdon co., J^. Jer. : 83 m. N. Trenton. Centbeville, t and p. v., Alleghany co., iV. Y. : in the N. "W, comer of the co., 22S m. W. by S. Albany. P. 1,445. Centbeville, p.v., Montgomery- co., Ohio : 6S m. W. S.W. Columbus. Building stone is abundant in the neighbor- hood. Centbeville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : on a cr. of Alleghany r., 157 m. N. W. Uarrisburg, Centbeville, p. v., Kent co., Jt. I. : on the E. side of Patuxent r., 11 m. 8. S. W. Providence. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. Pop. about 450. Centbeville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 73 m. N. TV'. Columbia. Centbeville, p. v., Ifickman co., Term. : on the S. side of Duck r. of the Tennessee, 47 m. S. W, Nashville. This V. was formerly capital of the county. Centbeville, p. v., Fairfax co., Virg. : on the N. branch of Occoquan cr., S4 m. N. Richmond. It has some manu- factures, and about 360 inhabitants. Centbeville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., la.: on the 6. side of Cooper's or. of Chariton r., 87 m. S. W. Iowa City. Centre White Creek, p c, Washington co,, J^T. Y.: 81 ra. N. N. E. Albany. Ceealvo, p. v., Carroll co., Miss. : 71 m. N. by E. Jackson. Cebes, p. v., Alleghany co., A' Y. : on a tributary of Alle- ghany r., 218 m. W. S. W. Albany. Cebesco, p. v., Calhou-n co., Mich. : on the N. side of Kalamazoo r., 39 m. S.W. Lansing. The Michigan Central R. R. passes through the v, 6 in. W. of Marshall. Cfresco, t and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on a cr. emptying into Green Lake, 65 m. N. E. Madison. P. 1,337. Cerro Gokdo county, /(/. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 57G sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomce in 1S51. Cebeo Gobdo, p. v., and cap. Holmes co., Fior. Cerbo Gordo, p. v., Piatt co.. III. : on the S. side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 47 ra. E. N. E. Springfield. Chadd's Foed, p. 0., Delaware co., Penn.: 162 m. E. by 8. Harrisburg. CuAGBTN Falls, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Chagrin r. of Lake Erie, 165 m. N. E. Columbus. CnALK Bluff, p. o., Greene co., Ark. : 143 m. N. E. Little Rock. Chalk Level, p. o., Cumberland co., N. Car. : 39 m. S. Raleigh. Chalk Level, p. o., St. Clair co., 3fo. : 94 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Chalk Level, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 108 m. 8. W. Richmond. Chalk Level, v., Benton co., Temi. : on the W. side of Tennessee r., 71 m. W. by S. Nashville. 114 Chalk Letel, p. o., Hopkins co., Ay- ■ 1*1 ^' ^^- S- W. Frank for L CuALK^LLE, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car.: 67 m. N. W. Columbia. Chambers county, Ala. Situate E. on State line, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Chattiihoochee and Tallapoosa rivers. Surface undulating, and soils gen- erally fertile, producing wheat, corn, and cotton. Farms l,3i2 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,138, and pop.— wh. 12,7S4, fr. col. IS, si. 11,15S— total 23,D60. Capital: Chambers. Pttblic Work^ : Montgomery and Weet Point R. 11. Chambers, p. v., and cap. Chambers co., Ala. : 63 m. N. E. Monlgnmery. CnAMUEBSBURGH, p. V., Pikc CO., III.: on the W. side of M'Kee's cr. of the Illinois r., 53 m. W. Springfield. CuAJiBEBSBURon, p. V., Clarke co., Mo. : on Fox r. of the Mississippi, 136 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Chamuebsbubgii, p. v., Orange co., Ind. : at the head waters of Patoka cr., b'4m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Chambebsbubgu, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio : on a branch of Miami r., 76 m. S. W. Columbus. CnAWBEBSBDBsu, p. V., &ud cup. Franklin co., Penn. : in the valley of Conecocheague r.,,a tributary of the Poto- mac, 44 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is one of (he most flour- ishing places in the interior, has numerous manufactures, and considerable commerce. The Franklin R. R. extends hence to Hagerstown, Md., 22 m., and the Cumberland Valley R. R. to Uarrisburg, 56 m. ; at the latter place form- ing a junction with the Pennsylvania R. R., etc. Five weekly newspapers are published here ; the " Repository and Whig," the " Franklin Intelligencer" (whig), the '* Val- ley Sentinel" (dera.), the " Valley Spirit" (dem.), and the "Messenger" (religious). Pop. 4,272. Chambeb's Cbeek, p. o., Navarro co., 7kr. ; on a stream so called of Pecan cr. of Trinity r., 148 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Cuambeb's Mills, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 56 ra, W. Richmond. Chambersville, p. v., Dallas co.. Ark.: 73 m. S. by W. Little Rock. CnAMBLissBtTRGH, p. V., Bedford co., Virg.: onacr. of the Roanoke r., 126 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Champ AGNOLLE, p. v., Union co., Ark. : on the S. side of Washita r., 93 m. S. Little Rock. Champaign county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 972 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of Sangamon, Kaskaskia, and Big Vermillion rivers. Surface undulating, wilh large prairies bordered by fine groves of timber. Soil excellent. Farms 273; dwell. 430, and pop.— wh. 2,647, fr. col. 2— toUil 2,649. Capital : JJrbana.. Public Work^:C\xi' cugo Branch of Illinois Central R. R. Champaign county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and contains 464 sq. m. Drained by the head tributaries of Mad r. Surface generally level or imdulating, in some places low and marshy. Prairie and titnber well appor- tioned. Soils deep and rich, producing fine grain crops. Farms 1,077 ; manuf. 03 ; dwell. 3,4:37, and pop. — wh. 19,272, fr. col. 490 — total 19.762. Capital: Crbana. Pitblic Works: Mad River and Lake Erie R. E. Champion, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 177in.N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,090. Champion, t. and p. v., Jefferson CO., N. r; : on the'S. side of Black r., 127 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2 rSS. Cuampion South Roads, p. c, Jefferson co., J^. Y. : 127 m. N. W. Albany. Chamtlain lake, A1 Y. and V^rm.: this fine sheet of water lies between the States of New York and Vermont, and penetrates a few miles beyond the line of the Uniti-d Suites into Canada. Its length is about 140 m., and it.>* width (Vom 1 mile to 10 miles. The direction -3 co., .W. ; on the S. side of Chaptico cr., 47 m. S. by W. Ann.ipolis. Chaptico cr. is navigable to the village. Chaplltepec, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 122 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Chapl-ltepec, p. v., Benton co., Tenn. : 71 m. W. Nash- ville. Chap.don, p. v., and cap. Geauga co., Okio : ISO m. N. E. Columbus. It is a flourishing v.. and has two newspapers, the '-Geauga Republican" (whig), and the "Free Demo- crat" (free soil), both published weekly. Pop. 1,622. CiiAEENTON, p. v., St. Mary's par., Za.: 54 m. 8. by W. Baton Rouge. CiiAEiTOK, p. v.. Lucas CO., la. : on the N. side of Charitim r., 103 m. S. W. Iowa City. CuAEiToN Mills, p. o., Adair eo.. Mo.: on Chariton r lis m. N. by W. JelTerson City. Chaelemost, t and p. o., Franklin co., Miss. ; on Deer- fleld r., 93 m. W. Boston. The Greenfield and North Adams E. E. wUl traverse the t. E. and W., formmg a section of the Troy and Boston Hue of railroads. Pop. 1,173. CnAELEMOKl, p. v., Bedford Co., Ttrgt. : lis m. W. by 9, Eichmond. Chaelton county. Mo. Situate centrally on N. bank of Missouri r.. and contains 730 sq. m. Drained by Chariton r., and several tributaries of Grand r. Surface level or undulating prairie, and soil good. Farms 659 ; manuf. 24 : liweU. 1,1190, and pop._wh. 6,6SS, fr. col, 48, si. 1,77S— total 7,514. Capihd: Keytesville. Chaelk-S county. Mil. Situate W. shore, and contains 46li sq. m. Drained by a number of creeks flowing to the Pr.- tomac and Patuxent rivers. Surface low and sandy. Soil indifferent and exhausted. Tobacco is the chief product, but wheat, corn, etc., are grown extensively. Timber is various and abundant Farms 709 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,S35, and pop.— wh. 5,66.-), tr. col. 913, sL 9,634— total 16,102.' Capital : Port Tobacco. CH.AELES river, R. I. : has its source in Warden's Pond, in S. Kingston, and empties into Pawcatuek r. at Westerly. Chaeles river, Ma.ts. : rises on the borders of Ilopkintcin and Jlilford townships, and alter a circuitous course, empties into Boston Harbor. It is navigable to Walertown, T m. above Boston. Chaeles Cirv county, Yirg. Situate S. E. on a penin sula formed by James and Chickahominy rivers, and con- tains 203 sq. m. Surface rolling, and soils sandy. Indian com, wheat, and oats 'are the principal products. Farms 199 : manuf. 6 : dwell. 4S6, and pop.— wh. 1,664. fr. col. 772, si. 2.764— total 5,200. fupitoi; Charles City C. H. ChaSles City C. H., p. v., and cap, Charles City eo. Virg. : on the N. side of James r., 33 m. E. by S. Richmond Chaeles Eivee Village, p. v., Norfolk co., Ma.ss. : on Charles r., 16 m. S. W. Boston. Chaele-ston district, S. Car. Situate S. E. on the Atlan- tic, between the Sanlee and ^Vehley rivers, and contains 1,520 sq. m. Drained by Cooper's r. and other streams. The surface is low and swampy, and produces abundantly rice and cotton, with some grain. Farms 633; manuf. 76; dwell. 5.218, and pop.— wh. 24,556, tr. col. 3.848, si. 44.876_" total 72,305. Capital: Chiir\eak>a. Public Workx : Smtee Canal, and South Carolina R. R. Charleston, p. v., Mississippi co., Mo. : 196 m. S. E. JelTerson City. 115 CHA CHA CuAitusTOS, p. v., and cap. Coles co , III. : ahmil 2 m. W. of Embarvas r., S2 m. X. by S. S. SprinaliL'U. The Torre Haute and Alton K. 11. will pass tlironp;li this villag''- CuABLESTON, t. and p. v., I'enobscot CO., Me. : 57 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. J,2S3. CuAiiLKTON, t. and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on the S side of Kalamazoo r., 51 m. S. "W. Laiisisg. Top. S4C. CuAELESros, p. v., and cap. Tallahatchie CO., Jlisa.: on Tillaboba cr. of Tallahatchie r., 114 ni. N. Jactson. Chaelesion, p. v., Lee co., la.: on the bank of the Mississippi r., at Uie confluence of Sugar cr., .'iD m. S. by E. I.)wa City, and about 6 m. S. W. Fort Madison. It is a jilace of some trade, and near the lino of the proposed Dubuque and Keokuk E. E. CuAKLESTON, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., y. Y. : on the W. side of Schoharie cr., SI m. W. Albany. Top. 2,21o. CUAELESTON, p. V., Tiogu CO., Jf. Y.: ru m. W. S. W. Albany. CuAKiESTOS, p. City, port of entry, and cap.. Charleston dist., S. Cur. : on a tongue of land formed by the meeting cfCwper and Ashley rivers in Charleston Harbor, 101 ni. S. E. Columbia Lat. 32° 40' 33" N., and long. T',i° 5.' 2. W. from Greenwich, or 2° 65' 5"" W. from Washington. The bay, or Charleston Harbor, is a large estuary, with an average width of 2 m.. and extends about T m. S. E. frcun Charleston to the Atlantic Ocean, wliieh it enters between Sullivan's and Morrison's islands. Cooper and Ashley rivers are from 30 to 40 feet deep, the former being 1,400, and the latter 2,100 yards wide opposite the city, and both are capable of accommodating the largest class of vessels. A sand-bar extends across the mouth of Uic harbor, but it has several channel entrances, the deepest of which, passing very close to Sullivan's Island, admits vessels drawing 16 feet water at high tide. The harbor is open to easterly winds, and vessels are much exposed during slorniB from that qu,artcr-so much so, indeed, that they were at one lime pmhlbited by law from lying at the wharves from the last of .July to the middle of September. The f.irtilications protecting Charleston, are Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, Castle Pinckney, 2 m. below the city, and Fort Johnson, about 4 m. below. The ground upon which Charleston is built is low, only elevated 8 or 9 feet above the level of the harbor at high tide, which here rises about C feet, flowing by the city with a strong current, and thus contributing to the salubrity of a lo'cation naturally unhealthy. The city has several times been inundated by the waters driven up the harbor by violent winds, and hiis from this cause at various times suf- fered considerable damage. The years 1639, 1723, 1752, and I7'.'7 are noted in the history of the city as periods of these devastating occurrences. The streets are laid out rectl- lineaUy, running east and west, from the rivers north and south," forming nearly square blocks. The width of the streets varies from 85 to 70 feet. Most of the buildings of the city are of brick, and the dwellings are in general of elegant construction. The streets arc lined with the pride of India, while elegant villas, adorned with verandahs reaching from the ground to the tops of the houses, sur- rounded by green edges, and buried in the rich foliage of orange trees, magnolias, and palmeltoes, give an air of wealth and elegance to the city. Charleston is divided into four wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen. Among the public buildings, are the City Hall, the Ex- cliangc, the District Court House, the jail, two arsenals, a theatre, the U. S. Custom House, the Halls of the College of Charleston, between 80 and 40 churches, several high schools, and buildings devoted to benevolent purjioses, as tlio alms-houses, the orplian asylum. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a flue collection of objects of nat- ural history, etc. : the Academy of Fine Arts possesses some valuable paintings, and the City Library contains about 24,000 volumes. The College of Charleston is one of the most flourishing instimtions of the Southern States, and has no an effleient staff, consisting of a president and ai.x professors ; it was founded in 17S5, and in 1S50 had 70 students. The Medical College of the Slate of South Carolina was founded in 1833 ; in 1850 it had 8 professors and 155 students. The list of free school pupUs is 8U4, and the average cost of instruction $10 per annum ; these are valuable schools, but are inadequate for so large a city. There is abio a High School, founded in 1S39, which averages from 180 to 160 pupils. It is endowed with $1,000 a year for 100 years by the council. The number of grammar schools and acade- mies, which are open only to pay scholars, are pretty numerous, and these are usually efficient inslitulions, at which the best classical and mathematical education can bo had. The public press of Charleston consists of four daily papers: the "Sun" (neutral), the "C.News" (dem.), the " C. Mercury" (dem.), and the " C. Courier" (neutral) : of the latter a tri-weekly edition is a\»o issued ; four weekly papers, the "Southern Literary Gazette," the "Southern Baptist," the "Catholic Mbcellany," and the "Southern Christian Advocate ;" three monthly periodicals, the " Gospel Messenger," the " School-Fellow" (educational), and the " Masonic Miscellany ;" and one bi-monthly, the " Medical Journal." Many of these are publications exhibiting a high order of talent, and have circulations beyond the locality. The "Medical Journal" is a work of world-wide renown, and hiis among its contributors the highest names among Southern physicians. The city of Charloston is one of the most ancient in tlie Union. Its foundations were laid in 1672. In 1677 it was called Oyster Point Town; in 1680 Sew Charlestown, and in 10S2 New Charleston. It was chartered as a city in 17S3. At an early period of its history it attracted a consid- erable population from Barbadoes, and received large aw^essions of French Huguenots. "On the spot," says Bancroft, ''where opulence now crowds the wharves of the most prosperous mart on our Southern sea-board, among ancient groves that swept down the river's banks, and were covered with yellow jasmine which burdened the verdant zephyrs with its perfumes, the city was begun." Two centuries have nearly been completod since its founda- tion, and momentous have been the events and changes within that lapse of lime. In 1731— we have it on the authority of an old historian— there were 690 houses in Charleston, 5 handsome churches, and that out of the city were to be found courtly, stately buildings, noble castles, etc. The advantages of the location were early appreciated, and it soon became a place of considerable tTade. Its first exports were staves, lumber, furs, and peltries, rice (llrsl planted 1093), to which were added in 1747 indigo, in 17S2 tobacco, and in 1790 cotton. At the present time its great exports are rice and cotton. Of cotton, the receipts from Ihe interior in 1S50 were 400,714 bales, and of sea-island, 17.994 bales, and the exporU were 865,327 bales upland, and 16,437 bales sea-island ; and the receipts of rice amonnted to 14",09il barrels, .ind the exports to 131,417 barrels. The foreign commerce of Charleston, however, has not pro- gressed equally with its coasting trade ; and many reasons might be assigned for this, but none so weighty as the fault of ite own inhabitants in preferring the employment of the shipping of otlicr States, and neglecting its own facilities for ship-building. It has consequently become a tributary to Northern ports, and instead of reaping the beneflls of a foreign navigation of its own, has been constantly heaping iiptlie coffers of its Northern neighbors, Atpresent, indeed, the great hulk of its staples are carried coastwise to New York, and thence shipped to foreign countries. In the year lSW-50, ending 30tli June, the clearances to foreign port.« amounted only to 861 vessels (121,867 tons), and its direct entrances to OTily 303 vessels (96,619 tons), a proportion quite inadequate for the transportation of so largo a com- mereial material as that supplied from the back country, of which the port is tho only outlet. The registered shippin CHA CHA of tJie piirt at this periwl consisted of 16,377 Ions, and the shipping fmplojod in the consting trade, of 17,910 tons Tlie coastwise trade of Charleston in comparison Willi tliis is immensely greater. In 1S4S the arrivals were m steanislitps, 22>s ships, 11)8 brigs, 89S schooners, 8 sloops, and 730 steam- boats; and the clearances were 6t steamships. ICS ships, li7 brigs, 309 schooners, 7 sloops, and 731 steamboal.s. At the same period, and of the above amount, the following were regidar packets plying between Charleston and other ports of tlio Union : Boston, 6 vessels (1,371 tons) ; New York, 28 vessels (11,027 tons) ; Philadelphia, K vessels (2.!i.i0 tons) ; rrovidcnec, 2 vessels (346 tons) ; Baltimore, 6 vessels (GOil tons); 'WUnnngton, 4 vessels (l,.5S8 tons); Savannah, 4 vessels (1.070 tons); and New Orleans, 7 ves- sels (1,627 tons); the remainder being made, up of transient traders. Of this number. 6 were steamships, 11 ships, 9 barks, 24 brigs, 1 ketch, 26 .seliooners, and 8 steamboats. There are also engaged in the [)ilotage of the bar, IS fidl branch pilots and S second branch pilots, employing 9 pilot boats, with an aggregate of about 400 tons. There is at Charleston a Floating Dry Dock — one of the best of its kind in the llnion ; it is the balance dock of Gil- bert, and w.'is built in 1S45 by .James Marsh. Its length is 160 feet, its width 52 feet, and its depth 20 feet, and its ca- pacity 1.500 tons. The operations of the dock are perform- ed by a steam-engine. The South Carolina R. E. is the great conduit of the commerce of Charleston to and from the interior. It ex- tends from Charleston to Augusta, 136 miles, and has nu- merous connections (feeders), westward and northward, through which an immense amount of merchandise is carried to and fro. It has also the advantages of a canal 22 miles long, which connects the harbor with the Santee river, and by means of the railroads now building, it will have access to the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Already its railroad facilities extend from Charleston to Nashville, Tenn., 693 miics, and to Montgomery, Ala., 4S2 miles. Charleston has seven banks, with an aggregate capital of J9,500,000, and live insurance companies, with capitals in the aggregate amounting to *4,600,000 ; also a provident institution for savings. The Bank of the State of South Carolina is the fiscal agent of the State, and holds, besides its capital of 1(1,123,367, the deposits of the State funds. The population of Charleston in 1790 was 16.859 ; in 1300, 18,711 ; in 1310, 24,711 ; in 1S20, M,7S0 ; in 1880, :50,2S9 ; in 1S40, 29,261, and 1850, 42,985. This is exclusive of St. riiilip's parish, or the neck, which is, however, virtually a part of Charleston, and contains .about 16,000 inhabitants. CnABi-ESTOx, p. v., Bradley CO., Tenn. : on the S. side of (lie lliwassee r., 123 m. E. S. E. Nashville. The East Ten- nessee and Georgia R. E. passes the v. 40 n). from Dalton. CuAULESToN FouE Con.vEP.8, p. 0., Montgomery co., M y. : 82 m. W. by N. Albany. CnAr.i.T-STowN, p. v., Franklin co., Ar/c. : on Arkansas r., lOS m. W. N. W. Little Eock. Ciiahlestown, t. and p. c.. Jiiddlesex co., Mim. .- on a peninsula between Charles and Mjstie rivers, and connected with Boston, etc, by bridges. The c. contains the M.assa- chusetts State Prison, situated on Prison Point, the U.S. Navy Yard, etc. Breed's Hill, where the note,.;»., and the Sulliv°n li. R. intersects the v. S m. from Bellows l^alls. Pop. ] 676 CuAni.RSTowx, 1). v., c:alumet co.. I17.w. .• ss in. X. N. E Madison. Cmaiit.estotvn-, t. and p. v., Pnrlage co., /};,!„. -on the N. side or the W. branch of Mahoning r., 154 m. N E Columbus. Pop. 8 '9. CuAiiLESTowK, t. and p. v., Wasliiuglon co., 1?. I. : on Charles r. of the Pawcatuck r., ;!7 m. S. S. \V. Providence Pop. 994. CllAai.EsTOwx, p. y.. and c.-qi. .Jefferson CO., Virg. : on the line of the Winchester and Potomac E. E., 10 m. tV..in Harper's Ferry, and 122 m. N. Eichmond. CuABT.Evoix counl.v, J/ich. Situate N. W. of Lower Peninsida. on Little Traverse Bay, and contains 634 so ra Erected since 1S50. CiiAKLOE, p. V-., Paulding eo., Oliio : 143 m. K. W. Columbus. , CiiARi.oTnv county. r!r[i. Situate S. middle, and con- tains 0(0 sq. m. Drained by Itoaiioke r. and its tributaries. Surface level, and soils fertile, produi'ing wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 563; manuf. 6; dwell. 90.3, and pop._wh. 4,605, fr. col. 302, si. S,9SS— total 18,956' Capitiil: Charlotte C. II. CnAi!LOTTi!. t. and p. o.. Washington eo.. .Vf. : 131 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 718. CiiARLon-E, p. v., and cap. Eaton co., MM,. : on the N. side of Battle cr. of the Kalamazoo r., and 18 m. 8. Vf. Lansing. Charlotte, p. v., and cap. Mccklenburgh co., Al Car.: between Sugar and Little Sugar creeks of Catawba r., ll's ni.W. S.W. Ealeigh. East of Charlotte there are rich gold mines, and at tlie v. a branch mint has long been established for its coinage. The Charlotte and South Carolina E. E. has its N. terminus at this point, and hence the E. E. will be continued N. to Danville. Virff. Two newspapers are . published weekly, the "Charlotte .Tournal" (whig), and the " Ilornefs Nest" (deni.) ! Pop. about 1,800. CnARLoTTE, p. v., Mouroc CO., A': Y. : on the TV. bank of Genesee r. at its mouth, 7 m. N. Eochester, and 194 m. W. by N. Albany. (Sometimes called Port Gene.tee.) It has a convenient landing for steamboats navigating the r. and lake, and has rcgularsteam communication with Cana- da and the principal lake ports. CnAMoTTE, t. and p. v.. Chittenden eo.. Verm. : on the E. side of Lake Champlaiu, 31 m. N. W. Monlpelier. The Eulland and Burlington E. E. passes through the v. 11 m. from Burlington, and Inft ft-nm Bellow's Falls. It is one of the best farming t. in the State. Pop. 1,6.34. CllABLOTTE, ]>. v., and cap. Charlotte co., Tirg. : 72 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. It contains the co. buildings, and has several mechanic shops. Pop. about 600. CiiAUi.oTTE, p. v., and cap. Dickson co., Tenn.: .38m."W. Nashville. The Nashville and Mississippi E. E. will pass through the village. CitAKLOTTK Centre, p. o., Chautauque en., K. T. : on a branch ofConcwango er., 298 m. W. by S. Albany CuARLOTTE IIai.l, p. V.. St. Mary's co., Md. : at the head of Cool Springs er., 89 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. A noted college so called is located here; in 13.50 it had 63 students. The V. has about 120 permanent inhabitants. CiiAiELOTTEBviLLE, p. V.. Ilaucock CO., Iiul. : on the E. side of a branch of Blue r., 29 m. E. Indianapolis. The Central Indiana E. E. passes through the villa-^e. CHARLOTTrsviEEE, p. V., and cap. Albemarle Co.. Yir(i. : on Moore's cr. of Eivanna r., 63 m. N. W. Eichmond. It derives its chief importance from being the site of the University of Virginia, whieh has a fine obsen-atorv, and is a most clllcient institution. Three newspapers are pub- U7 CHA CHA listed in the v., the "Virginia Advocate" (whig), the " Jeffcrsonian Ecpublican" (dera.), and the '■ Jefferson Monument'' (lit), all weekly. Pop. about 1,400. CuAELOTTEviLLE, p. V., Schohurte CO., -V. T. : 42 m. W. by S.Albany. Pop. 2,015. Charlton, t and p. c, Worcester co., Mass. : 49 m. "W. by S. Boston. Charlton, t. and p. v., Saratoga co., K. Y. : on Aelplass cr. of Mohawk r., 21 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,902, Charlton Dep6t, p. o., ■Worcester co., Mass. : on the Western li. E., 5" m. from Boston. Chaktikes river, Penn. : a small tributarj' of the Oliio r., which it joins 4 m. below Pittsburg. It runs through the bituminous coal region of Washington co. Chaetiebs, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : on the N. side Chartier's cr., 137 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. There is abundance of coal in this locality, and on the cr. are a large number of saw and grist mills. Chaseville, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Chaseville, p. v., Eenlon co., Tenn. : on the W. side of Tennessee r., G^ m. W. Nashville. Chatatt, p. v., Bradley co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. Nash>'ille. CnATEArGAT, t. and p. v., Franklin co., 2^. Y. : on the head tributaries of Chatoaugay r., 157 m. N. by W. Albany. The village lies on the Northern R. li., 45 m. from Itoiwc's Point, and 73 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 3,C9fJ. Chateaugay lake, N. Y.: this small lake, which is 4 m. long, and about 2 ra. wide, lies in Eeekmantown, in Clinton 00. It abounds in fish, and has many scenes of beauty in itaimmedioto neighborhood. Its surface is elevated 1,400 feet above the tide waters of Hudson r. Chateaugay mountains. X. Y. : a range of hills com- mencing in Canada, and extending southward through the north-west part of Clinton into Franklin county. Some of the highest peaks are in Franklin, near Chateaugay Lake. Chateaugay river, iV". Y. : a stream flowing nortliward from Chateaugay Mountains into Canada, where it empties into the St. Lawrence Bivcr. CuATTiELD, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : 84 m. N. Columbus. Pop. 1,356. Chatham county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, be- tween Savannah and Ogeechee rivers, and contains 420 sq. m. Surface very low, 8c:arcely above sea level — near the coast broken into islands by numerous inlets and canaK The chief products arc rice and cotton. Farms 132 ; manuf. 13 ; dweU. 1,915, and pop.— wh. 9,161, fr. col. T22, sJ. 14.018 — total 23,901. Capital: Savannah. Puhlic Works :Ctn- tral Georgia R. R, Chatham county, K Car, Situate centrally, and eon- tains 858 sq. m. Drained by Ilitw r. and its tributaries. Surface elevated and varied. Soils clayey, and productive in wheat, corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 1,633 ; manuf. 48; dwell. 2,210, and pop.— wh. 12,104, fr. col. SOU, si. 5,9h5 —totall 8,449. Capital: Pittsboro. Chatham, p. v., Sangamon co.. Til. : near the line of the Alton and Sangamon R. R., 24 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Chatham, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on Ihe S. E. point of Cape Cod. 73 m. S. E. Boston. It has a good har- bor, and an extensive coasting trade and fisheries. Salt is also manufactured. Pop. 2.467. Chatham, t.. Middlesex co., Conn.: on the Connecticut r., opposite Middletown, 16 m. S. Hartford. It has consider- able manufactures. Pop. 1..531. Chatham, t. and p. v., Columbia eo., ii^ Y.: on Kinder- hook cr., 16 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Four Cori^-rs, a village in the S. part of the town, is an important point, where several lines of K. R. intersect or form a union. Pop. 3.839. CnATKAM, I. and p. v., Morris co.. N". tTsr. : on the Pas- saic r.. 89 m. N. N. E. Trenton. The river passes through the village. Pop. 2,469. 118 Chatham, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 63 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Chatham, p. v.. Licking co., Ohw: near the N. fork, of Licking r., 39 m. E. X. E. Columbus. Chatham Centre, p. v., Columbia co., JV. Y. : on the line of the Western R. II., 20 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Centre, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on the E. branch of Black r., 113 m. N. N. E. Columbus. ' Chatham Fofk Corners, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : on the S. part of the town of Chatham, 2:1 m. S. E. Albany. It is a \TlIage of great importance, being the point of in- tersection of the Albany and West . Stockbridgo R. K. (western), the Hudson and Berkshire R. R., and the Harlem Extension E. R., etc. Chatham U;ll, p. o., Smyth co., Virg. : 223 m. W. by S. Richmond. Chatham Run, p. c, Clinton co., Penn. : 71 m. N. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Chatham Valley, p. o.,Ti<^a co., Penn. : 117 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Chattajioochee, p. v., Gadsden co., Flor. : on the E. side of Appalacbicola r., immediately below the imion of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers. Chattahoochee river, Ga. and Ala. : it has its rise in the Appalachee Mountains, and for a great part of its course forms the boundary line between Georgia and Alabama, forming ultimately the largest constituent of the Appalacbi- cola r. Steamboats ascend it to Columbus, and boating is carried much farther up. Chattanooga, p. v., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on the S. bank of Tennessee r., 113 m. E. S. E. Nashville. At this point tire Nashville and Chattanooga R. R. forms a junction with the Western and Atlantic R. R., lol m. from Nashville, and 311 from Augusta. A railroad is also in progress from hence to Charleston, on the East Tennessee and Georgia R. R. This point, indeed, is destined to Wcome the entre- pot of an inmensc inland commerce, reaching to the At- lantic sea-board on the one iKind and beyond the Missis- sippi and Ohio on the other. Two newspapers are pub- lished weekly, the " C. Gazette" (whig), and the "C. Ad- vertiser" (dem.) Pop. about 3,000. Chattooga county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 420 sq. m. Drained by Chattooga r., a branch of Coosa r. Surface elevated, hilly, and rugged, and the soils generally indifferent — on the streams fertile. Wheat, corn, and cotton arc the chief products. Farms 419 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 809, and pop.— wh. 5,131, fr. col. 4, si. 1,6S0— total C,S15. Capi- tal: Summerville. Ghattoogaville, p. v., Chattooga co., Ga. : 14? m. N. W. Milledgeville. Chaitmont, p. V,, Jefferson co., Al Y. : at the head of Chaumont Bay, 149 m. N. W. Albany. It has unrivaled w;it(T-power and great facilities for lalic commerce, it* har- bor being spacious and of easy access. It is also celebrated for its fisheries and ft)r the quantity of blue limestone found in its vicinity. The Cape Vincent R. B. passes througli the village. SO m. iVom Rome. Pop. about 400. CuAxT-MONT bay, K. Y.:ix fine open bay near the outlet of Lake Ontario. It is of an irregular shape, about 7 m. long and 2 m. wide, and receives Clummont r. The fish- erics of till- bay are very valuable, and it abounds in all the deseriplions lound in the lake of which it is an arm. Chaitmont river, N. Y.: this stream rises in Jefferson County, and flows almost directly south, to its confluence with Chauninnt Buy. It is only 15 or 16 m. in length, but affords abundance of hydraulic power. Chauncev, p. v., Athens co., Ohio : on the N. side of Hocking r. and canal. 76 m. S. E. Columbus. Chautauque county, K. Y. Situ.ite S. W. on Lake Erie, and contains l.olT scj. m. Drained by Chautauque Lake, anil a large number of streams flowing to Alleghany r. An elevated ridge traverses the county 4 or 5 m. distant from Lake Eric, forming the watershed. Surface finely varied. CHA CHE und Ihe soils, even to the hill-tops, open to cultivation. Hog iron, copperas, alum, marl, etc, abound, ami there are suipour springs and a hydrogen spring, which at Fredonia, ■\VestfieId, and Van Buren Harbor, are used to illuminate — the gas burning equal to coal gas. Farms 5,163; manuf. 510 ; dwell. 9.074, and pop.— wh. 50,353, fr. col. 135— total 50.493. Cajntal: Mayville. PuhUc TrorA*^.' New York and Krie E. II., and Buffalo and State Line R. II. CuAUTAFQUE Vai.ley, p. o., Alleghany co., JV. }'. .- 213 m. W. S. W. Albany. Chautauquk lake, K K; a most beautiful sheet of water in the county of tlie same name. It is IS ni. in length, and varies in breadth from 1 to 3 m., except near tlic mid- dle, where it contracts to a few rods in width. It empties into Conewango cr. Its elevation is T26 feet above the sur- face of Lake Erie, and 1,291 above the ocean, being the most elevated lake in the Union on which steamboats ply. Chautauque river, iV' 1'. ; a tributary of Lake Erie, from the county of the same name. It flows through a deep ravine, and in its course furnishes excellent mill sites CuAZT, t and p. v., Clinton co., A^ Y. : on Chazy r.. 146 m. N. Albany. The village is situate about 3 ni. W. of Lake Champlain, on which is also a village called Chazy Landing. Pop. 4,324. Cheap Vai-leYj p, o., Henry co., Tenn. : S9 ra. W. by N. Nashville, Cheat Brtoge, p. o., Preston co., Tirg. : on Cheat r., 1S2 m. N. W. Eiehmond. CuEAT river, Virff, : a large tributary of Monongahela r., from the mountain region of Eandolph eo. Cheboygan county, Mich. Situate N. of Lower Penin- sula, and contains 324 sq. m. Erected since 1850. Cheuotgan river, Mich. : the largest stream in the N. part of the peninsula. It rises N. W. of Saginaw Bay, flows in a N. direction, and empties into the strails of Mackinac, opposite Bois Blanc Island. There are numer- rous salt springs 12 or 15 m. from its mouth. Cheokebed House, p. o., Oswego co., K 1'. (now Kasoag). Checksvixle, p. T., Marion co., Toim. : on the W. side of Sequatchy r., 94 m. S. E. Nashville. Cuecktowaga, p. v., Erie co., A'. Y. : 246 m. "W. Albany. Cheesequakes, p. 0., Middlesex co., A'". Jer. : 34 m. N. E. Trenton. Chehalem, p. o., Tam Hill co., Of-eff. Tei: : on a r. of the same name, 23 m. N. by W. Salem. Chehalem river, Oreg. : a large r. from the E., formed by the union of the Skukumcbuck and Newaukum rivers, and falling into Gray's Harbor. CuELsiSFORD, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the S. side o? Merrimac r., 24 m. N. W. Boston. The town abounds in granite and limestone, and has several manu- factures, among which are those of glass and iron. The Middlesex Canal passes through the town, and it has sev- eral railroads on its borders, connecting it wilh the towns on all sides. Lowell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S24. Pop. 2,093. Chei-sea, p. v.. Mill CO., HI. : 143 m. N. E. Springfield. Chelsea, p. v., 'Washtenaw co., Mich.: 52 m. S. E. Lansing. Chelsea, t and p. v., Suffolk co., MufiS. : 3 m. N. E. Boston. The Eastern K. E. passes through the town. It may 4ie considered as a part of the Boston metropolitan district It has considerable manufactures, and is on the whole a busy place. Chelsea has two newspapers, the "Telegraph" (whig), and the " Pioneer"— both published weekly. Pop. 6,701- in 1^40 it haS. CiiEMusG county, Xi Y, Situate S. "W. middle, and con- tains 538 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Chemung r. and ita tributary streams. Surface broken, hilly, and well timbered, with large river flats. Soils very productive. Farms 2,1T0; manuf. 321 ; dwell. 5.095. and pop.— wh. 23,.5o7, fr. col. 2S4 —total 2S,b21. Cojntal : Ehuird. Public Moris: Che-* mung Canal; New York and Erie E. E. ; Elmira and Williamsi)ort E. E., etc. CnEMU.NG, p. v., M'llenry co., ///. .■ on the E. side of Piskashaw cr., 1S6 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Che.muxg. t. and p. v., Chemung co.. A". Y.: on the N. side of the Chemung r., 14:3 m. W. 8. W. Albany. Tli*,' New York and Erie E.E. intersects the village 270 m. from New York and 199 from Dunkirk. Pop. 2,6T2. Chemung river. A". Y. : formed by the junction of Coa^ chocton and Tioga rivers, in Steuben county, whence it flows in a S. E. direction through Chemung county and into the State of Pennsylvania, where it empties mto the Susquehanna .it the village of Athens. Its whole length i3 about 40 m., .ind in high flood its volume is sufBcieut to float down timber and produce to market. It is also used as the main feeder of the Chemung Canal. Chesaxgo county, N. Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 792 ^q. m. Drained by Chenango and Uuadiila rivers and their tributary streams. Surface broken and hilly, but there are extensive and rich valleys, productive of all kinds of gr.iiu. Farms 4,406; manuf. 561; dwell. 7,572, and pop.— wh. 40,(i51, fr. col. 2 SO— total 40,311. C-5 m. from Chicago. Cherry Valley, p. o., 'Wilson co., Tenn. : 41 m. E. Nashville. Cherry Valley, t and p. o., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: on Pymatuning cr. 197 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. b39. Cherryville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 91 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. CnERnvviLLB, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : px\ tho S. branch of Forked Deer cr. of the Mississippi, 132 m. W. by S. Nashville. Cherryville, p. v., Hunterdon co., y. Jer. : 39 m. N. by W. Trenton. Chesapeake, p. v., Lawrence co., Mo. : 137 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Chesapeake City, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : at the conflu- ence of Broad cr. and Back cr. of Elk r.. 51 ra. N. E. Annap- olis. The Cliesapcake and Delaware Canal has its W. terminus at this point. CfiESAPEAKE bay, Md. and Virg. : is the largest arm of the sea within the limits of the TTnion. Its entrance is between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, 12 ra. apart, and it extends inland 27ii ra., dividing Maryland into two unequal parts (ami the lower part of the peninsula from the main binly of Virginia). It is from 7 to 20 m. broad, and generally :ls much as 9 fathoms deep. This great bay affords many commodious harbors, and a safe and easy navigation. Numerous fine rivers empty into it — the Sus- quehanna, at its norib-^rn termination, and the Potomac and .Tames on its AV. side ; and besides these, it receives the waters of the Rappahannock, the Patuxent, the Patapsco, the Cheater, the Elk, the Choptank, the Nanticoke, and CHE CHE numerous othefs. The area drained by these. Us trilmla- ries. has been estimateil at 72,000 sq. m. Baltimore is Uie cliief commercial city within its circuit, but there are many others of minor importance which depend upon its waters for an outlet to the ocean. The fisheries of the Chesapeake are of immense value to the inhabitants of its shores. CiresHBR's Stoke, p. c, Anderson co., Ky.: 16 m. S. W. Frankfort. CuEsniRE county, A' Hamp. Situate S. "W. comer, and contains 4(j0 sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Ashuelol and other creeks of Connecticut r., which forms its W. bor- der, and by Contoocook r. in the E. sections. Surface beautifully varied with hills and vales. Grand Monadnock, 8,71S fe'TJT Ckeek, p. 0., Autauga co., Ala.: on the cr. so called of Coosa r., 31 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Chesnut Flat, p. o., "Walker co., Ga.: 1S6 m. N. Vi'. MilledgeviUe. CuESNUT GnovE, p. 0., Shelby co., Xy. : 23 m. "W. by N. Frankfort. CuESNTJT Geove, p. o., Lycoming co., Pen?!. : 7S m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. Chesnut Grote, p. c, Chester dial., S. Car. : 56 m. N. Columbia. CuESsuT Grote, p. o., Davidson eo., Tenn.: 13 m. "W. Nashville. Chesnut Geo^t:, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : 123 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. Chesnut Hill, p. o., Perry co., Aia.: 02 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. CiiESNUT Hill, p. o., Calvert co., Jfd. : 22 m. S. by W. Annapolis. ^ CuESNUT HiLL, p. o., Hall CO., Ga. : S4 m. N. N. W. MilledgeviUe. CiiESNUT Hill, p. o., Walton co., Plo/\ : 12G m. "W. by N. Tallahassee. CiiESNCT Hill, p. o., "Washington co., IruJ. : &3 m. S. Indianapolis. Chesnut Hill, p. o., Strafford co.. A': Jlamp. : 33 m. E. Concord. Chesnut Hill, p. o.. Philadelphia co., Peun. : (t m. "W. Philadelpliia, and So m. E. Uarrisburg. >,It is a highly healthy situation, and is resorted to by the Philadelphians in the summer season for recreation. Chesnut Le\i:l, p. o., Lancaster co., P< mu : 47 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Chesnut Ridge, p. o., Duchess co., K. Y. : 63 m. S. by E. Albany. CuESNCT Ridge, p. o.. Lincoln co., Tenn. : 71 m. S. Nashville. CiiESNUT Ridge, p. o., Union co., Penn. : 43 m. N. by "W. Harrisburg. Cnp-ss Springs, p. o., Cambria co., Penn. : 109 m. "W. Harrisburg. Q CuEsT, t. and p. o., ClcaiHeld co., Penu.: on the W, branoh of the Susquehanna r.. lOS m. N, "W. Harrisburg. Chester county, Pt-nn. Situate S, E., and contains 702 sq. m. Drained liy Brandywino, Elk, Chester, and other creeks. Surface to the E. level or mjling — to the "SV. hilly and even mountainous. Soils generally feitile, ]iro'lncing large crops of grain. Farms 4,S35; manuf. 1,08') ; dwell. 11,5S0, and pop.— wh. 61.3i:9, fr. col. 5,229— total 06.43S Otpitdl : West Chester. Pithlle Works : Philadelphia and Columbia R. R. ; West Chester Branch R. R.; and a pro- posed R. R. from West Chester direct to Baltimore. Chester dislrieU S. Car. Situate N., between Broad r. and the Wateree, and contains 4-SO sq. m. Drained l)y the tributaries of those rivers. Surface pleasantly diversiiied by hill and dale, and the soils of middling quality. The .staples are Indian corn and cotton. FarmsS44; manuf.oO; dwell. 1,541, and pop.— wh. S,0U5, fr. col. 146, si. 9,sS7— total lS,f)y8. Capital : Chester. Chester, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on the E, side of Connecticut r., 27 m. S. by E. llartfi.ril. The t. is drained by Deep and other creeks, and has a small lake in its N. part, which gives itconsiderablt- hydraulic power. The v. is a neat and flourishing place, with some manufactures. Pop. 992. Chester, t. and p. o.. Dodge co., Wise. : 72 ni. N. E. Madison. Pop. S29, Chester, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga. : 73 m. N.W. Milledge- viUe. Chester, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by N. Indian- apolis. Chester, p. v., and cap. Randolph eo., lU. : on the Mis- sissippi r., immediately below the mouth of Kaskaskia r., 132 m. S. Springfield. It is a place of commercial import- ance, and the depot for the trade of an extensive back country. The v. is located on an elevated bottom at the foot of the bluffs, and has a good landing fur steamboat.^ The " Chester Herald" is published weekly. Pop. about 1,300. Chester, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on brnnclies of Deerfield r., S9 m. W. Boston. It lias some wool and cotton manufactures. The Western R. R. passes through the t 119 m. from Boston, and 81 from Albany. Pup. 1,521. Chester, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Muh. : on the Big fork of Thornapple r.. IS m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. ,3Sl). Chester, t. and p. v., Rockingham co.. X. IJauip.: on a branch of Exeter r., 22 m. S. S. E. Concord. Massabcsic Pond, in the N.W. of the t,, covers 1,500 acres. The v. is a place of considerable business. Pop. 1,301, Chester, t. and p. v., Morris co.. A' Jer. : on Black r., and several tributaries of the W. bank of the Raritau r., 3S ni. N. Trenton. The v. extends along the base of an isolated hill for more than a mile. Pop. 1,334. CnivSTER, p. v., Orange co., K. Y. : on the line of llie New York and Erie E. R., S9 m. S. by W. Albany. Tlie New- burg Branch R. R. diverges in this t. from the trunk line. Chester Village has long been known as a great live-stock market. Pop. 1,642. Chester, t. and p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 106 m. S. E. Columbus. The v. is situate on Shade r., a tributary of the Ohio. Pop. of V. 190, and of t 1,6(^0. Cufater, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Penn.: on the W. side of Delaware r., S4 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. It i^lhe oldest v. in the State, having been founded long before Penn obtained his charter, and was. until 1701. called Up- land. It conUiins the eo. buildings, an Athenanim. and the dwellings arc chiefly of brick or stone. Some of the oriLrinal houses are still standing. The Philadelphia, Wilmingt-.n, and Baltimore E. R. passes through the v., 15 m. from Philadelphia. It has three newspapers, the "Delaware County Republican'' (whig), the "Upland Union" (dcni.'), and the " C. Herald" (neutral), all published weekly. Pop. 2,097. 121 CHE CHI Cjiesteb, p. v.. and cap. Chester dist., S. Car, : between Broad and Watcree rivere, 59 m. N. by W. Columbia. Chester, p. v., Gibson co., Ttnn. : 113 m. W. by S. Nashville. Chester, t, and p. o., "Windsor co., Verm. : on "Williams r. of the Connecticut, 82 m. S. by E. Montpeiier. The Itut- land and Burlington K. R. intersects the v., 14 m. from Bellow's Falls, and 106 ra. from Burlington. Pop. 2,00S. Chester river, Del. and Md. : a considerable stream of the eastern shore of Maryland, rising in Delaware, and flawing nearly S. W., dividing in its course the counties of Queen Anne and Kent, and falling into a large estuary of Chesapeake Bay, between Swan Point and Love Point. It is navigable to Charlestown. 30 miles. Chester Cross Eoads, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio : 165 m. N. E. Columbus. Chester FACTonreg, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : on the lino of the Western R. li., 126 m. from Boston. CnESTEp.FiELD district, S. Car. Situate N.E, between Great Pedee r. and Lynch's cr., and contains 560 sq. m. Drained by creeks flowing to the limitarj- streams. Surface flat or rolling ; and soils, except on the streams, sandy and of inferior fertility. The staples are Indian com and cotton. Farms 54S ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,263, and pop.— wh. 6.G7S, fr. col. 21S, si. 3,894— total 10,790. Capital : Chesterfield. Chesterfield county, Virg. Situate S. E., between the forks of James and Appomattox rivers, and contains 456 sq. m. Swift cr. and other streams drain the interior. Surface somewhat broken, but soils of average fertility, pro- ducing wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. There arc valuable coal mines in the county. Farms 564; manuf. 30 ; dwell. 1,757, and pop.— wh. 8.405, fr. col. 468, si. S,616— toLil 17.4S9. Capital: Chesterfield C. H. PubUo Works: Petersburg E. R. ; Clover Ilili R. R., etc. CnKSTERFuxp. p. v., Ncw London co., Co7in. : on the E. Bide of a cr. of Niantic r., 83 m. S. by E. Hartford. Chf-steefielo, p. v., Madison co., Ind. : on the S. Bide of the "W. fork of White r., 39 m. N. E. Indianapolis. CiiESTKRFiELD, p. V., Macoupiu CO., III. : on the N. side of Macoupin cr., and between it and Rock cr., 47 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Chesteefield, p. v., Grundy co,, Tetm.: 73 m. S. E. Nashville. CHESTERfTELT), t, Burliuglon CO., y. Jer. : on Cross- wick's and Black creeks of Delaware r., which bounds it on the "W. Pop. 4,514. CirESTERFiEU), p. V., MadisoH par., Za. : 149 m. N. Baton Rouge. CfiE'iTERFiET.D, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mafis. : on a branch of Westfield r., 91 ra. W. Boston. Pop. 1,0U. Chkstebfield, t, and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Ifamp. : on the E. side of Connecticut r,, opposite Brattleboro', 49 m. S. W. Concord. Spafford Lake, in the centre of the t., covers 526 acres, and empties into the Connecticut. The v. has a flourishing academy, founded in 1794. Pop. 1,6S0, Chksterfield, t and p. v., Fulton co., O?iio: on the E. side of Tiflfin r., and on the N. State line, 104 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Fop. 538. CnESTERFiELD C. H., p. V., and cap. Chesterfield co., Tirg. : on the N. fork of Swift cr., 13 m. S. W. Riehnmnd. Chesterfield C. H., p. v., and cap. Chesterfield dist., S, Car. : on the S. W. side of Thompson's cr. of the Great Pedee r., 97 m. N. N. E. Columbia. CirESTERFiELD FACTORY, p. o., Chcshirc CO., N. ITamp. : 61 m. S. W. Concord. Chester Uill, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 82 m. E. B. E. Columbus. Chester Springs, p. v., Chester co., P&nn. : 68 m. E. by 8. Harri^burg. A watering place frequently resorted to by summer visitors. CiiESTERTowN, p. V., port, and cap. Kent co.. Md. : on a fine and open plain on the N. "W. side of Chester r., 30 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bav, 31 m. N. E. 122 Annapolis. The v. contains the C. II., the county prison. 1 Episcopal and 3 Methodist churches, a bank, and market- house. It is the scat of Washington College, a branch of the University of Maryland, and it has also an academy, a ladies' boarding-school, and 2 primary schools. The " Kent News'' is issued weekly. The government of the v. is vested in 7 police commissioners, elected annually. Sev- eral steamboats and sloops ply regularly to and from Balti- more, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the bay fisheries. It was formerly a port of entry. Houses 200, and pop. 1,295. Chestkrtown, p. v., Warren co.,^I'.' between Hudson r. and Schroon r., 69 m. N. Albany. Schroon Lake lies on the N. E. border of Chester t,, and there are several small lakes within it, abounding in trout. Pop. oft. 1,850- Chester "Village, p. v., Hampden co., Ma^s.: on tbo line of the Western R. R., 119 m. from Boston, and SI from Albany. It has some manufactures. Ciiesterville, t, and p. o., Franklin co.. Me. : on Wil- son's cr. of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, 17 m. N.W.Augusta. Pop. 1,142. Ciiesterville, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 63 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. • Ciiesterville, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: 4& m. N. E. Columbus. Chesterville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : in the N. part of the CO., 53 HI. N. E. Aimapolis. Chesuncook lake, Jfe. : a large sheet of water in Piscat- aquis CO., and through which the Penobscot r. passes. It receives the Kahkoguamook and Umbazookskus river-^. This lake is about 25 m. long and 3 m. wide, and its central point is about 180 m.W. N.W. Augusta. The country neigh- boring on the lake is very fertile and highly pncturesque. CnETiMAcnES lake. La. : lies between Atcbafalaya and Tech6 rivers, and receives its waters from the former al high water, discharging them at all seasons into it again, ITj m. above its entrance to the Gulf. It is 40 m. long, and from 1 to 6 wide, shallow, and surrounded by a low, marshy country, which is annually overflowed. Cheviot, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 123 m. S. W. Columbus. CuEw's Landing, p. v., Camden co., JVI Jer. : on the N. side of Big Timber cr., 32 m. S. S. E. Trenton. The v. has considerable trade in wood and lumber. Chewsville, p. v., Washington co., Md. : 79 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. CincAGo, post city, port of entry, and cap. Cook co., lU.: at the mouth of Chicago r., on Lake Michigan, 1>>3 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Lat. 42° 52' 20" N., and long. 870 35' W. The main body of the r. sets back about 2 m. into the city, then divides into two branches, both of which have a pretty uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet, all making a commodious and almost unlimited harbor for an immense amount of shipping which continually comes to, and goes from, this point The city borders on a wide, rich, and beautiful prairie, extending in difTerent directions for many miles, and which is handsomely diver- sified by groves and strips of timber springing up at intervals along the banks on the lake shore, furnishing a diversified picture, which is greatly enhanced by gardens and villas, which, mixing with the scene, make it one of enclianting loveliness. Though the site is very low and level, scarcely five feet above the lake, there are no marshes or wet lands about the place, and the lake winds, by constantly airitaliri'.r the waters, much like the tidal perturbations of sea-bnard rivers, have a good effect in promoting cleanliness and health to so large a city. Cliicago is one of the most substantial cities of the Great West It extends along the lake shore for about a mile, and inland beyond tbo bifurcations of the river. The bar at the pntrance h.is been much reankers and dealers in exchange, 109 wholesale, forwarding, commis- sion, and produce houses, and 54 lumber dealers. During the year 1S51, the arrivals at Chicago were as follows: steamers, 662 ; propellers, 183; schooners, 1,182 ; brigs, 230; barges, 13. Total, 2,279 vessels, the aggregate burden of which was 958,600 tons. The following tabk«s will exhibit the quantity of some of the leading exporLs and imports, by lake canal and railroad for the same year. ESrOETS. Lake. Cfiiinl. Barley ....hn. S,.^37 Beef. bbls. 49.300 Beef. tcs. 2,829 Butter lbs. 10,424 Eulf. robes " 7,215 Cattle No. 448 Cheese lbs. 2,215 Coal " — Com bu. 8,221,31" Furs, etc. .pks. 5.645 Flour.. ..bbls. 71.723 Hams " hVH Irams..cask3 688 llama...hhds. 113 11,460 135 75,117 178,7.37 1,182,803 909,749 683 — Total. 19.997 49.441 2,829 86,141 J,215 448 181,052 2,fl91,552 3,221.317 5,645 72,406 1,9;M 688 112 I.i.le. Cai.al. Ilailro.iJ. T.it;,l, Hams lbs. 1,3,")4 TOO — 2,1 iM Hams No. 3,690 — — 3,6110 Ilemp lbs. 094,783 — — 694,783 Iron " 132.4S0 1,03.5,579 2,286,010 S,1.54,lli;i) Lard " 259,047 — — 2."'9,047 Lard bbls. 9.057 — — 9,057 Lath pes. — 12,785,285 2,186,135 I4,0.'l,-I2li Lead lbs. 1,37.5,872 1.007 — 1.370,n79 Lumbei...feet — 54.1S6,7-!5 13,770,452 C7,9.'.T,2'i7 Oats bu. 767,(159 10s — 707.197 Potashes.. " — 114,866 8,000 122,i«6 Pork bbls. 19,183 27 — 19.215 Pork tcs. 489 — — 489 Sh"lders .bbls. 1,020 — — l,ll:^» Sh'lJers.hhils. 3(i0 — , — :lOi> Sh'lders...No. 9,797 — — 9,797 Sugar lbs. — 844,812 — 844,312 Sugar... hhds. 20 — — 20 Sugar.... bbls. 619 — — 619 Timber.. C. ft. — 7,813 — T.S12 Wheat bu. 43(!.803 853 — 4.37,660 Wool lbs. 1,080,944 1,609 — 1,0SS,.5M IMPORTS. I...ke. Can.O. RiiilroaJ. Ti.lal. Bacon lbs. — 434.716 — 481.716 Barley ....Iiu. 12.331 263 23..'ilS 80.111 Beef b!>ls. — 1,.571 — 1,.571 BufT.robes.llis. — 512,196 — 512.19G Com bu. — 2,.352,363 ~ 295.003 2,647.405 Flour.... bliK 6,630 5,819 39,203 61,(;.52 Hams lbs. — 1.(180,933 — 1,086,933 Hemp lbs. — 1,(I3.5.(U8 — 1,0.S.5.61S Hides " — 487,806 861,070 S48.87i; Lath ...pieces 27,583,475 — — 27.!is:j.47."> Lard lbs. — 2,069,025 — 2,0li9,625 Lead " — 1,402,1-35 — 1.402,135 Lumber ..feet 125,056,487 466.CS5 — 125..523.122 Oats bu. — 181.293 152,855 S34.14S Pork bbls. — 8,241 — 8.241 Pork lbs. — — 2,390.245 2,390,2;8 Shingles ..bu. 60,388,250 — — 60,888.2.50 Sug.ar lbs.' — 8,76.5,8-36 — S,765,s30 Sugar... hhds. 2.563 — — 2,563 Sugar . bis, bxs 2,884 — — 2,884 Timber. C. feet 410,679 152,297 — 502.976 Tobacco... lbs. — 824,923 — 821,9.'3 Wheat bu. 20,084 67,973 274,031 SSS.077 Wood. ..cords 5,924 10,676 454 ]7,0.M Wool lbs. — 520,026 211,930 731,9.-|6 The above only represents a portion of the domestic com- merce of Chicago, and even does not estimate that carried on by teams, which is commen-surably large. The value of articles imported tVom Canada during the year, was $5,811, and of exports from Chicago to Canada, $116,ls5. The arrivals from Canada were 7, and the clearances for the same destination, 18. The value of the whole domestic commerce for u series of vears, has been as follows : Years. » Imports. Kxport*. 1886 $325,203 90 $1,000 64 IS i" 873.677 13 1 1,665 (11) 1S3S 579,174 61 16,044 75 IS-SO 680,980 26 83,84:! 00 1840 663.106 20 228,085 74 1841 564,347 S8 848,863 24 1842 664.347 83 6.59..')05 20 1843 971,649 75 6V3.210 85 1S44 1.686,416 00 7>5.5li4 28 1845 2,048,445 73 1,54',.519 85 1846 2.027,150 00 1,813.-408 00 1847 2.641.8.52 53 2.296.299 00 184* 8,333,639 Sfi 10,709,333 40 123 cm CFII Giicago has five daily newspapers: the *'C. Tribune" (indep'U), the "C. Democrat" (dein.), tlie " C. .lournal" (whig), the •'Commercial Adverli3L'r"(whig), and the *' Ar- gua," all of which also issue weekly editions; six weekly newspapers, the "New Covenant,'' and the " Western Citi- zen" ^holh Universalist), the "Gem of the Prairie" (lib.), the " Prairie Herald" (Presbyterian), the •* Watchman of the Prairie" (Baptist), and the "Commercial Keporter;" one tri-weekly, the " Illinois State Gazette;" one semi-monthly, the " North-western Medical Journal ;" and three monthly periodicals, the "Eclectic Review" (cducaL), the "Prairie Farmer" (agric), and the "North-western Journal of Ho- mcepalhy." Latrobe, an intelligent traveler, who visited Chicago in 1S33, thus describes it: " This little mushroom town is situ- ated on the verge of a level tract of country, for the greater part consisting of open prairie lands, at a point where a email river, whose sources interlock — in the wet season— with those of the Illinois Kiver, enters Lake Michigan. It, however, forms no harbor; and vessels must anchor in the open lake, which spreads to the horizon, on the north and castj in a sheet of uniform extent." The contrast between Chicago of 1S33 and Chicago of the present day, is truly startling ; and the writer of twenty years ago, had he been told that his " mushroom town" was so soon to become the focus of a commerce equal to that enjoyed by many of the States of Europe, would he have credited so unprecedented a fact, or would he not have considered the prognostication the emanation of a crazy brain? CnionESTBR, t and p. v., Merrimac co., A'. Uamp. : on Suncook r., 8 ni. E. Concord. Pop. 997. CincKAUOMENY, p. v., Uanovcr co., I'trg. : on the r. of the same name, 31 m. E. Richmond. CmcKABOMENY rivor, J'^rg. : a tributary of James r. frora the N. W. It is about 60 m. long, and debouches 37 m. above Point Comfort. Cffit-KAMAW Bexd, p. 0., Madison par., La. : 137 m. N. Baton Rouge. OnicKAMAUGA, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called, 1U8 m. S. E. Nashville. CurcKASAW county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pollowattomee in 1S51. CnicKASAw county. Miss. Situate N., and contains 972 sq. m. Drained by tlie Yallabusha, Ocktibbeha, etc. Sur- face undulating, and soils productive of Indian corn, cotton, and tobacco. Earms 1,167; manuf. 29; dwell. 1,647, and pop.— wh. 9,836, fr. col. 2, si. 6,480— total 16,868. Capital: Houston. CujcKASAw, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio : S6 m. "W". N. "W. Columbus. CuicKASAwnATCiiiE. p. V., Lcc CO., Go.: on the cr. so called, a tributary of the lehawaynochaway r. of Flint r., 12:3 m. S. E. MilledgeviUe. CnioKASAW Nation, In^. Ter. The Chiclvaaaws are settled in the Choctaw Territory. (5*^ Choctaws.) Chick's Springs, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 92 m. N. W. Columbia. CmcopEE (Cagotvtlle), p. t, Hampden co., Mam. : near the confluence of Chicopee r. with the Connecticut, 4 m. N. of Springfield and 80 m. W. by S. Boston. It is one of the most enterprising manufacturing places in New England. A newjipaper, the *'C. Telegraph" (whig), is published weekly. Pop. S,291. CnicoPEE Falls, p. v., Hampden co. 3Tass, : at the falls of the Chicopee r., 2 m. from its mouth, 80 m. "W. by 8. Boston. It has numerous factories. A branch of the Con- necticut River R. P. extends from CabotsviUe to the Falls. CnicopEK river. Mass. : a tributary of the Connecticut r., into which it falls in the N. part of the town of Chicopee. In its course it receives the waters of Quaboag Pond and of Ware and Swift rivers. CnicoT county. Ark. Situate 8. E. on Mississippi r., and contains 860 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Macon, River de 134 Bceuf, and Eayuu Bartholomew. Surface low and level- subject to inundation. Soils various— some very fertile, and some inferior. Cotton is the great staple. Farms 142 ; dwell. 226, and pop.— wli. 1,122, fr. col. 9, 6l. 3,9?4— total 15,115. CapiUtl: Columbia. CmEP Waruiok, p. v., Erie co., J^. Y.: 257 m. "W. Albany. Chikalah, p. v., Yell co., Ark. : on a branch of Petite Jean cr., 65 m. W. N. W. Utile Rock. CuiLDSviLLE, p. v., Yancey co., y. Car.: 216 m. W. Raleigh. CuiLuowEE, p. v., Blount CO., Tenn. : on the N. side of Little Tennessee r., 156 m. E. by S. Nashville. CniLi, p. v., Miami co., I7id. : on the N. side of Eel r., 74 m. N. Indianapolis. The Goshen and Peru II. R. crosses the r. at this point. Cniu, p. T., Hancock co., lU. : 86 m. W. N. "W. Spring- field. CinLT, t. and p. v., Monroe co., ^ Z : on the W. side of Black cr. of Genesee r., 206 m. W. by N. Albany. The Buffalo and Rochester R. R. passes through the village 66 m. from Bufl'alo and 262 m. from Albany. Pop, 2.247. CuiLT, p. v., Coshocton co., O'tio: 67 ra. N. E. by E. Columbus. CuiLLTcoTHK, p. V., WapclIo CO., la. : on the S. side of Des Moines r., 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. CniLLicoTHE, p. v., Peoria co., III. : at the upper end of Prairie Lake, on its "W. side, SO m. N. Springfield. It is a village of im porta nee ,-«nd has considerable trade. CniLLicoTiiE, p. v., and cap. Livingston co.. Mo. : on a fine prairie, 3 m. N. of Grand r., US m. N. \V. Jeflerson City, Chtllicotiie, p. city, and cap. Ross co., Ohio : on the Vi. side of the Scioto r., 37 m. S. Columbus. In plan, this city somewhat resembles Philadelphia, being bounded N. by Scioto r. and S. by Paint cr., here about three-fourtlis o( a mile apart. The principal streets follow the course of the Scioto, and these are crossed rectilineally by others extend- ing from river to creek — the two main streets crossing each other in the middle of the city, and being each 99 feet wide. "Water Street, which faces on the river, is 82} feet wide, and the others CO feeL The streets arc lighted with gas. The city has numerous fine and substantial buildings, among which are the Court House, the markets, banking houses, hotels, and numerous churches and school-houses. The city occupies the site of an ancient mound, but this has been leveled to make way for improvements. On the W. side of the city is a hill rising abruptly to llic height of 3^10 feet, frora which there is an extensive and beautiful view of the city and vicinity. Through the city the Ohio Canal passes, and before long it will become connected in every direction by railroads now in course of construction. The city has two daily papers, the "Scioto Gazette" (whig), and the "Ancient Metropolis" (indep.), both of wliich also pub- lish a weekly edition ; and two weekly papers, the *' C. Ad- vertiser" (dem.), and the "Ohio Correspondent" (indep.) As a place of manufactures and commerce, the city has a high rank among the inland towns, and is rapidly pro- gressing in material jirosperity. Chillicoihe w.ts formerly the State capital. Pop. in 1840, 8,977; in 18.50, 7,1105. CniLLiSQUAQUE, p. V., NorihumborlanJ co., Pfinn. CmLLiTECAUX, p. v., and cap. Dunklin co.. Mo. : 102 m. S. E. JeflTerson City. OiiTLMARK, t. and p. o., Dukes co., Mass. : in the S. W. part of Martha's Vineyard, 62 m. S. by E. Boston. At the AV. end of the town is Gay Head, a noted headland on which is a light-house. There are some native Indians still residing on Ihe net-k leading to the Head. The B. W. point of the town is known as Squebnocket. Pop, 747. CniLO. p. v.. Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 100 ra. S. W. Columbus. Chilton's Mills, p. o., "Walker ca, Ala. : 128 ra. N. W. Montgomery. CHI CHO CuiLTONTiLLE, p V., Plymouth co., Mass. CiiniNKY Point, p. o., Addison co., Verni.: on Lake Champhiin,'^! early opposite Crown Point, 52 m. ^V. by S. Montpt-lier. Chimnky Rock, p. o., Eutberford co., J\'. pantiriil lake which covers a great part of the town, and i-inplics into a creek of Kennebec r., aflbrdingextL'nsivu mill power. 1 liLi village on the S. margin of the lake is a beautiful place. Several manufactures are carried on. Pop. -jTtiD. China, U and p. v., St. Clair co., Mk'h. : on the W. side of Su Clair r., lilO m. E. Lansing. The village lies on Belle r., a tributary of the St. Clair. Pop. l,(\o7. China, p. v., Lee co., lU. : 13S m. N. by E. Springfield. China,' t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., JV. Y. : on Cattaraugus cr., 244 m. W. Albany. Hydraulic power is abundant, and numerous mills are in operation. Pop. 1,9G1. China Gf.ove, p. o., Pike eo., Ala. ; on the line of the Girard and Mobile li. R., 3"2 m. S. E. Montgomery. China Grote, p. o., Pike co., Miss. : on the W. side of M'Oee's cr. of Bogue Chitto, 66 m. S. Jackson. China Gkove, p. o., Eowan co., K. Car. : lOS m. AV. by S. lialcigh. China GnovE, p. o., "Williamsburg dist., S. Car. : on Cedar cr. of Black r., 92 m. E. S. E. Columbia. China Grove, p. o., Gonzales co., Tea'.: 60 m. S. Austin Cily. C'inNA ITiLL, p. 0., Gadsden co., Fhr. : on Little r. of Oeklockony r., 20 m. N. "W. Tallahassee. CuiNCAPiN Grove, p. o., Gwinnett co,, Ga. : 64 m. N. W. Milledgeville. CniNCAPKiN, p. v., Duplin co., JV; Car.: 69 m. S. E. Kaleigh. CiiiNCOTEAGUE, p. o., Accomac CO., Virg. : 1-22 m. E. N. E. Eichmond. CuiNNiBEC, p. o,, Talladega co., Ala. : about 4 m. E. of Talladega, and 72 m. N. by E. Montgomcrj'. Cnip.MAN'6 Point, p. o., Addison eo., Verm.: on Lake Cliamplaiu, opposite Crown Point, 46 m. "W. S. W. Mont- pel ier. Chippewa county, 3fic7i. Situate on the N. peninsula, occupying the E. extremity, and contains 2,876 sq. m. Drained by several streams flowing to Lake Superior, Tah-qua-rae-naw r. falling into the bay of the same name, and numerous rivers and creeks of St. Mary's r. and Lake Iluruii. Surface riclily varied with much good farm land. Farms IT; manuf. 10: dwell. Is7. and pop.— wh. 890', fr. col. 8— total S9S. Capital: Sault de St. Marie. Chippewa county, Wise. Situate N. "W. on Mis-Mssippi r., and contains 2.740 sq. m. Drained by the Chippewa r. and other streams. In the N. are many beautiftd lakes. Surface much varied, but chiefiy prairie. Timber aburid- anL Farms—; manuf. 3; dwell. 94, and pop.— wh. 614, fr. col. 0— total 614. Capital: • . Chippewa, t and p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: 192 m. "W. Ilarrisburg. Chippewa, t. nnd p. v., 'Wa>-ne co., Ohin: on the Chip- pewa r.. 92 m. N. E. Columbus. The villnge lies on the N. bank of the river, about a mile from the W. border of the town. Pop. 2,637. Chippewa, p. o., New Castle co., I>el. CmppEWA bay, jY Y. : on the E. side of St. Lawrence r., opposite SI. Lawrence co. It contains a number of the " Thousand Islands." Chippewa river, Mich.: a branch of Pine r., whieh it Joins near its mouth. CinpiT.WA river, W/Jic. : this river (the Ojibwa of the Indians^ nms entirely across the State, having its rise nn the borders of Michigan, near the sources o( the Wisconsin, Montreal, etc., and running into the Mississippi r. near the foot of Lake Pepin. It is about 500 yards wide at its moulh. There are 14 rapids on the Chippewa— the principal one, called the *■ Falls," is about 75 m. from its mouth, and has a descent of 24 feet in the diBtance of half a mile. A very large amount of pine lumber is annually sent dnwn this river. Toward the sources of the alream and Us bramhes there are many fine lakes, some of which have received names, and the principal are known as Lac Conrtorielle, Lac Chetac, Lac du Flambeau, Tomahawk Lake, Eed Cedar Lake, Kico Lake, etc. The Red Cedar Fork is tlio main branch of the Chijtpewa, entering it from the W., about 86 m. above its mouth. About 60 m. below I'ico Lake, on this river, according to Schoolcraft, commences a aeries of rapids over horizontal layers of sandstone rock, winch extend, Willi short intervals, down the river 24 m. The remainder of the distance (about oO m.) to (be junc- tion is cbarncterized by deep water, with a strong current; and at the junction is commanding and elevated, afftirding a fine view of a noble expanse of waters. CuippEWAYAN mountains. (See Kocky mountains.) CniTTENANGO, p. V., Madison co., jV. Y. : on Cliittenango cr., 112 m. t\'. by N. Albany. The Syracuse ami I'lica R. R. pa:*:*es near the village, and about a mile to Ihe N. the Erie Canal, with which a side cut connects it. U is a flourishing place, has some manufactures, considerable traif(/;; Burlington. Puhlic Works: Rut- land and Burlington R. R. ; Vermont Central R. R. ; and Burlington Branch R. R. Chittenden, t. and p. v., Rutland co., V' nn. : on tlie highlands of the Green Mountains, forming llic watershed l>elween Lake Champlain and the Conneelieut r., 33 m. S. by "W. Monl]>elier. ll is a rugged country and siiarstly populated. Pop. 675. Chocolate river, MicJt. : a consideralde stream of fhe Upper Peninsula, which has its rise in a small lake iu the highlands N. E. of Meriomonee r., and rufining N. and N. E. disehargis its waters on the S. border of Lake Sujtcriiir. CiiocoNtT, t. and p. v., Susquebannah co., Ptuii.: on the N. line of the Stale, 126 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Choctaw county. A/a. Situate S. W., and contains ^64 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Tombigbee r., wliicli forms the E. border. Surface level; soils fertile, proibieing corn and cotton. Farms 445; dwell. 760, and po[).— wh. 4,620, fr. coI.O, si. 3,769— total S,3S9. Capital: Buller. Choctaw county. Miss. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 900 s(i. m. Drained by the bead waters of Big Black r. and several creeks of the Tallabusha. Surface elevated ami rolling, with abundance of timber; soils excellent. Tile products are chiefly Indian com and cotton. Farms 1,132 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,405, and pop.— wh. 8,420, fir. coL 4, si. 2,97S— total 11,402. Capital: Greensboro. Choctaw Agency, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Ark. Choctaw A^iency. p. o.. Oklibbelia co., J/m». ; on the E. side of Noxul)ee r., loo m. N. E. Jackson. Choctaw Corner, p. o., Clarke co., Ala.: S4 m. "W by i*. Montgomery. Choctaw Nation, In J. Tcr. : is bounded N. by tlic Can.v da and Arkansas rivers, E. l>y the Stale of Arkansas. S. by Red River, and W. by Ihe 10"lh meridian. Tlie country in the E. is inotmtiiiiious, with large and fertile valleys — in the "W. it \s undulalbig and varied. The whole is well drained by numerous tributaries of the Arkansas and Rc^l rivers, 125 CHO both of which are navigable for aleamlioats. The Clioctaws are extensively engaged in agriculture, and have good houses and well-fenced flelds, on which they raise com and cotton in abundance, and they have good slocks of cattle, horses, and sheep. On the streams they have numerous saw and grbt mills, and in several parts cotton gins ; spin- nin"*- and weaving are carried on in their principal settle- ments ; and all their own blacksmithing, wagon-building, etc., arc done by themselves under direction of mechanics furnished them by the United Stales' Govemmenl. The Choelaws are governed by a written constitution and laws ; the nation is divided into four districts, each of which elects its own chief quartcnnially. The General Council, consist- ing of 40 members, and chosen by the voters of each district, meets annually at the Council House, on the first Monday of Octuber. This body frames all laws, but the chiefs have a veto, which the council can only overrule by a two-thirds vote. Their legislative business is Iransaclcd according to the usual forms of civUized societies, and the councilors are paid, during theur sittings, $2 from the natiohal treasury. For judicial purposes, the nation is divided into districts, and trial by jurj', and appeal to the higher courts are allowed. The military department is intrusted to a general elected by the people at large, and there arc 32 raptains in each district. The Council House, which is a large and commodious budding, is located on the W. side of Kiame- shi r., nearly equi-distant between the N. and S. lines of the national territorj'. The Chiokasaws, who were their kins- men on the E. side of the Mississippi, dwell with the Choctaws on the W. side, forming the fourth district of the nation. They are governed by the same laws, and have a proportional representation in the General Council. The two nations, however, receive their annuities from the United States separately, and are distinct in some other respects. Numerous missionaries are settled among both the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and have succeeded well in Uieir efforts to civilize them; so that these nations may now be considered as among the most intelligent of the ludian tribes. CiioppKEN, p. v., 'Wells CO., Jnd. : S4 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. CnopTANK river, Md. : a large stream of the Eastern Shore, which risea in two main branches — one from Dela- ware, and flowing m a course generally S., empties through a large estuary into Chesapeake Bay, between Tighlman's Island on the N. and Sharp's Isljind on the S. It is navi- gable for sloops for nearly 40 m. from its confluence with the bay. CiiowAN county, K Car. Situate on Albemarle Bound, between Chowan and Perquinons rivers, and contains 218 sq. m. Surface low and level, with swamps ; soils sandy, but moderately fertile, producing corn and cotton. Farms 344; manuf. 28; dwell. 613, and pop.— wh. 2,944, fr. col. 104, si. 8,678.— total 6,721. CapiUil : Edenton. CnowAN river, K Car. : is formed by the union of the Nottaway, Meherrln, and Blackwater rivers, which rise and have their courses principally in Virginia. It flows into Albemarie Sound, a little N. of the mouth of the Koanoke. It is navigable on the Meherrin branch for large vessels to Murfreesboro, near the Virginia Slate line. CimiSTiAN county. III Situate centrally, and contains 560 sq. m. Drained by the South Fork and other tribu- taries of Sangamon r., which bounds it N. Surface chiefly undulating prairie, with frequent timber groves; and soil everywhere ferlile. Farms 434 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 635, and pop.— wh. 3,202, fr. col. 0— total 8,202. Capital: Taylors- ville. FiMio Warke: Illinois Central U. R. Christian county, Kt/. Situate W. on S. border, and contains 540 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and W. fork of Kcd r., tributaries of the Oumberiand. Surface generally level, and the soils various— in the N. indifferent, but well timbered, and in the S. fertile, producing wheat, corn, and tobacco. Iron and bituminous coal abundant Farms 126 CIIU 1.190: manuf. 77; dwell. 1.965, and pop.— wh. 11,309, fr. col. 131, si. 8,140— total 19,5s0. Capital: HopkinsvUle. Puilic Works: A railroad from Nashville, Kim., to Hen- derson, on the Ohio (projected.) CuEisTiiNA, p. v.. New Castle CO., Del, : on Christiana cr., 8S m. N. Dover. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. B. passes through the village. Its miinufiu- tures are comparatively large, and consist chiefly of flour, gimpowiler, etc. Tlie hunil. of the same name conuuns 22,560 acres, and 3.902 inhabitants. CnaisTiANA, t and p. o., Dane CO., Wise. : on the E. side of Rock er., 20 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,054. CnitisTiAXA river, MA and Iiul : a tributary of the Su Joseph r.; it rises in the E. part of Cass Co., and flowing S. W. and S. passes into Indiana, where it joins the St. Jo- seph's at Elkhart village. It is a never-failing mUl stream, and furnishes abundance of hydraulic power. CuaiSTiANSBUF.Gn, p. v., Shelby co., A'lj. CuaisTiANSBiTRGn, p. V., and cap. Montgomery eo., Virg. : lOT m. W. S. W. Richmond. The Virginia and Tennessee R. E. will pass through this village. Cheistiansbukgii, p. v.. Brown CO., Ind. : on a branch of Salt cr., 46 m. S. Indianapolis. CuKiSTiASSBURGU, p. v.. Champaign CO., Ohio: in tho S. W. corner of the county, 57 m. W. by N. Columbus. CuRisTLUiSTiLLE, p. V., Mccklcnburg CO., Virg. : 74 m. S. W. Richmond. CnEisTMASTiLLE, p. v., CarroU co., Tenn. : 97 m. W. by S. Nashville. Christy's FoKir. p. o., Morgan co., Ky. CuRisTY's Prairie, p. o.. Clay Co., Ind. : 10 m. W. BowW ing Green, and 59 Vf. S. W. Indianapolis. CiiacKATucK, p. v., Nansemond eo., Virg. : on Chucka- tuck cr., 8 m. above its confluence in J.ames r., and 62 S. E. Richmond. The village^as several factories, and the river being navigable to this place, afl'ords it considerable facilities. CinroK-r Bekd, p. o., Jefl'erson CO., Teim. : on the N. side of Nolichueky r., 204 m. E. Nashville. Ciiuctanonda creek, N. Y.: rises in Fulton and Sara- toga counties, and flows S. into Montgomery co., where it empties into the Mohawk r. at the village of Amsterdam. CiiirLAFisNE, p. 0., Randolph CO., Ala. : 76 m. N. by E. Montgomery. CuCLASKY, p. o., Northumberland Co., Penn. CnULTAHOMA, p. V., Marshall co.. Miss. : 163 m. N. by E. Jackson. Cuc.vESTGGEE, p. o., Macon CO., AU. : 42 m. E. by S. Montgomery. Lauderdale Co., Miss.: SS m. E. , 2[d. : on Church lank r., and 5nox CO., Tenn.: 162 m. E. , Lowndes co., Aki. : 80 m. 'ff. 8. 'W. , Luzerne CO., Penn. : 89 m. N. N. E. CurXKEYVILI.E, p. Jackson. Church Creek, p. o., Dorchester co., cr., 5 m. from its confluence with Little Choplank r., and 41 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. CnuEcn Grove, p. o., Nashville, CniTRcn Hill, p. Montgomery. CuuRcii Hill, p. ' Harri.sburg. CuuEcii HiLi, p. o.. Queen .\nne co., Md. : at the bead of Soulh-East cr., S m. from its confluence with Chester r., 81 ra. E. by N. Annapolis. It has 8 churches, an academy, aliout 60 dwellings, and 250 inluabilanls. The Episcopal church, built 1726. is an old English slruclure of l>rick, large and massive, and capable of containing 1,000 persons, and has a chancel and vcslry-room adjoining. CuDRcn IIiLL, p. o.. Christian co., Ky. : 163 m. S. "W. FrankforL CucRCH Hill, p. o., Jefferson co.. Miss. : on Ihe E. side of the Mississippi, about 8 m. distant from Iho river, and 72 m. S. W. Jackson. CiiuEcn Hill, p. o., Trumbnll CO., Ohw : 143 m. N. E. Columbus. CHU CIN Cnuitcii ITiLL, p. o., Halifax co., Virg. : near the conflu- ence of Birch cr. with Dan r., 110 m. 8. W. Kichmon.I. CnuBcn's Stoke, p. o., \Vilkea co., X Car.: 14(3 m. W. by N. Kaleigb. CniTRcnTowN, p. v., Laneaater co., Penn, : 48 ra. E. by S. llarrisburg. CnuKCUTOWN, p. 0., Columbia co., 2^. y.:4S m. S. by E. Albany. CnuEcnviLLE, p. v., Monroe co., X Y. : on the line of (he Buffalo and Rochester R. R., 63 m. ft-om Buffalo, and 2(JG m. from Albany. It is a neat village of some SOU inhabit- ants. Cue RcnviLLE, p. T., Augusta CO., Virff. : 94 m. "W. by N. Eicbmond. CiiuRcuviLLE, p. v.. Harford co., 31(1. : on the E. side of Bynham's r., 4G m. N. Annapolis. CnuRUBU6co, p. v., Franklin co., Ala.: 1S4 Di. N. "W. Montgomery. CuuRUBusco, p. v., Anderson disU, S. Car.: 109 m. W. N. W. Columbia. CnmuBUSco, p. v., Whitley co., Ind.: 109 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. CicEEo, p. T., Hamilton co., Lul. : on Cicero cr. of White r., 26 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. The Pern and Indianap- olis E. K. passes a little eastward of the village. CiCEEO, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., Al 1' ; on the S. W. side of Oneida Lake, 123 m. W. by N. Albany. Chilte- nango r. flows along its E. border. The village has about 500 inhabitants. Pop. 2,9S0. Cincinnati, post city, port of entry, and cap. Hamilton CO., Ohio: on the N. side of the Ohio r., directly opposite the mouth of Licking r., and distant by river course from Pittsburg 465 m., from Louisville 182 m., from the mouth of Ohio r. 494 m., and from New Orleans 1,447 m., and in direct line 113 m. 8.W. Columbus. Lat. 890 05' 54" N., and long. 84° 27' W. from Greenwich, or 7° 25' W. from Wash- ington. It is the largest inland city of the United States, and in point of population is only exceeded by Boston, Kew Tork, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans. In ISOO it had about 750 inhabitants ; in 1810,2,540; in 1S20, 9,642; in 1S30, 24,S31 ; in 1840,46,338; and in ISoO, 115,4:36. The city is located in a beautiful valley of about 12 m. in circumference, surrounded by hills. This valley is divided almost centrally by the Ohio r. It was first settled on the 24th Dec, 17SS, by a parly of men sent out under Mathias Denman and Robert Paterson, to improve a portion of the purchase made by tbe Hon. John Cleves Symmes. This purchase embraced a tract of 311,682 acres, lying between the Great and Little Miami rivers, and extending along the Ohio r. a distance of 37 m. One square mile in each town- ship was reserved for school purposes, and section 29 in each for the support of religions societies. This party landed opposite the mouth of Licking r., and laid out a village called Losantiville, a name shortly after- ward abandoned for that of Cincinnati. In Feb., 1TS9, another party, under Symmes himself, landed at North Bend, and there laid out what was intended to be a large city, to which they gave the name of Symmes. Soldiers were nOw sent out to protect the settlers at the Bend ; but Fort Washington having been established, they were re- moved to Cincinnati subsequently, and the rivalry of the two places succumbed in favor of Cincinnati as the chief scat of business. The fort stood on what is now Arch-street, between Third and Fourth-streets, and east of Broadway. In 1790 General Harrison marched hence against the In- dians, and in the next year General St. Clair started for the same place on his ill-fated expedition. The fort was suc- cessively commanded by Ziegler, Williamson, and Harrison, the latter of whom became subsequently President of the United States. In 1792 the first church was erected on what is now comer of Maine and Fourth-streets, and occu- pied by the First Presbyterian Church. In the rear of it are many graves of the pioneers. In 1793, the first paper, called the "Sentinel of the North-west Territory," north of the Ohio r., was established at Cincinnati by William Max- well. On the lllh Jan., 1794, a line of two keel boats, with bulletrproof covers and portrholes, and provided with can- non and small arms, was established between Cincinnati and Pittsburg, each making a trip onco in four weeks. During this period, the town progressed but slowly, while idleness, drinking, and gambling prevailed in the army, and was to a great extent participated in by the citizens. The popidation at various periods is shown above. From ISOO to ISIO U progressed pretty rapidly, and considerable trade was carried on with New Orleans in keel boats, w hich returned laden with foreign goods. The passage to New Orleans then occupied about 25 days, and the return 65 days. In 1S19 the city was incorporated, since which period its progress in population and material wealth has been uninterrupted and rapid in an astonishing degree, considering the diffleulties it had to contend with before the establishment of steam navigation on the rivers and rail- roads throughout the countrj'. It would be invidious to compare the early career of Cincinnati with that of Chica- go, Milwaukie, and some others ; they were founded under quite different auspices ; the one in the midst of a country* bare of population, without a road, and scant of river facil- ities, and the others with every facility of travel perfected, and a tide of immigration unceasingly pouring upon llicm. Cincinnati occupies the whole of the first bank of the river, called the Bottom, and the second, called the Hill, which is lOS feet abnve low water mark, and 60 feet above the first l)ank. The streets are so graded as to render Ihc communication between the two parts easy, and many of them are adorned with fine edifices, and beautiful shade trees. It extends back to a third range of hills, a distance on Main-street of about two miles, and in the western part perhaps more, and along the Ohio about three miles. Ex- cepting on the margin of the river, the city is regularly laid out in streets and alleys, crossing each other at right angles. The streets running E. and W., proceeding from the river, are denominated jf'irst. Second, etc., while those running N. and S. are named after the indigenous forest trees, as Wiil7)nt, Si/cft7nofe, etc. Main-street extends from the steamboat landing, on the river, directly north to the north- ern bounds of the city. The streets are generally paved, and the foot-paths flagged. The city contains about 16,000 houses, 80 churches, many of them very fine edifices; 3 colleges, 4 medical schools, a law school, a female college, several female seminaries, 6 classical schools, a lal"ge inini- ber of finely-built public schools, 4 banks, with resources amounting to .$8,963,371 : and 17 insurance companies, etc. ; several public halls, the county and city courts, a men-anlile exchange, and numerous libraries, and literary, philosoph- ical and charitable institutions, an observatory, 4 theatres, a museum, gas-works, water-works, etc. In fact, it lias all the appliances necessary for the physical, intellectual, and moral enjoyment of a large population; and in its manu- factures, commerce, and general wealth, is pre-eminent among the cities of the world. The manufactures of Cincinnati embrace almost every department of industrial eniploj-ment. It would be impos- sible to enumerate Ihcm in the compass allowed to this article ; but there are some industries that so distinguish the city, that their enumeration is necessary. It has G distilleries; 140 bakeries; 12 bell and brass foundries: S2 blacksmith shops; 10 boiler yards; 15 book-binderies; 374 boot and shoo factories; 31 breweries; CO brick yards; 2(i3 mason shops; 121 butchers' shops; 254 carpenter and buibi- er shops; 24 carriage factories; 63 coopers' shops; 43 cop- per-fdate printing establishments ; 13 beef and tongue curing establishments : 4 cutleries ; 33 daguerreotype establish- ments ; 16 domestic liquor manufactories ; 15 dye houses ; 19 edge tool factories; 14 engravrag establishments; 14 feed and flour milts; 44 founderics and engine shops; 136 furniture factories ; 10 gilding establishments ; 2 glass 127 CIN CIN works: C iTHnsmilh shops; 40 l.at faclories; 14 .ce-packmg rstabliBhrneute ; 5 iron roning-mill, ; 3 iron -'« f-'""^' .f iron railing fa...,ric,: in lever look factor,™ ; * ;"'"? "^^™ es.abli»hmenu; T looking-slas, faclone, ; 1'^ ■"''"":»' shops; 6 nmrblc ^'orks; 6 inatheniutical an.l opl.cal mstru- menl factories: 10 upholsteries; CO miUiner.es; 7 morocco leather factories: 6 musical instrument factories: 1 tastor oil factory : « oil, h,r"'' ="''"" 82,850, and the annual value of products, J*^'""":'""- There are few cities of the ITnion so well furnished with facilities of locomotion. It has one of the finest rivers n he worid fronting it, and railrotids and canals stret* 1 in every direction for thousands of miles. '1 hcso form U great avenues of commerce. The Miam, Canal, and the Ohio division of the Wabash and Erie Canal, con- nect ihe Ohio r. and Lake Erie, a distance of 2r,l m. The principal completed railroads are, the I.i.tle Miami K. I.. Und \l conneelions to Cleveland, 255 m. : the Cincinnati, Hamilton, an.l Dayton, and its connections to Sandusky, 018 m • the Cincinnati an.l Ilillsboro' R. R. to I'arkcrs- burg 1T9 m. (now open to llillsboro- GO m.) : and a number of others completed, in .progress, and projected, passing to even- part of the State, and into all the neighboring btates, ] and "connecting Cincinnati wilh all the principal cities of the lakes, the sea-board, and the West and South Cincm. nati in fact, is the chief centre of the railroad system of he West. It b.a.s direct railroad connection with every lake- port from Chicago to Niagara; with Albany, Boston, I«ew Vork Phila.lelphia, and Baltimore, and will soon have communication with CharlesKm, Sav.innah, Mobile, J. ew Oricans, and St. Louis. Railroads are being <'»'«""■': '•;'™ all these directions, and when completed will build ,ip Cincinnati, and make it a competitor for the wealth of commerce second to no other city of the worid It has .already had the foretaste of its future, and is now stretcbmg out its arms to gather in the vast, illimitable wxalth with which nature has surrounded it. It has also telegraphs, Bivin.' it instantaneous communication with every large Sty fmm Maine to Florida, and from the AUanti c to beyond "'The^irLde is commensurate with the vast in^mal trade centering at this point, and with the mamifaelurmg u is. y of 11.C city. It is carried on chiefly in steamboats p irLnee to PiUsburg and New Orieaus, and the places fn rmcdiatc. Its steamers also penetrate "» < -^ J-" rivers of the West-the tributaries of the S-"' ;'''; "J^ waters, The arrival of sleamboats, in the year ending 31st Aug., 1S50, numbered 8,698; of these 288 were from New Orleans, 658 from Pittsburg, 214 from St. Louis, and 2,o38 from other p.>rls; an.l the departures amounted to 3,.9S "which 249 were for New Orieaus, Mi for ntlsburg, 22 rs" Louis, and 2,274 for other porU,. For the detailed statistics of the commerce of the VO'UJorny-^-'/^^' named, the reader is referred to IM's Merchants if.a- S^, for Oct., 1S5I. The shipping owned withm the 123 district of Cincinnati, in 1S50, w.as 17,181 tons, of whlcb 16,906 were navigated by steam-power. The city is governed by a may..r, recorder, and 8 co tn- cilors for each of the war.ls into which it is divided. It l.a» a separate judiciary, and also a commercial «-/'; fP^"" ^ instituted to try causes arising between -"chants The amount of taxes collected for •^^yf^^^^ Xr'^J^rl^ ending 20th March, 1-51, w.as »4:J3,34o, viz.: for general nu,L $130,172 ; for interest on debt,*(>C,S&5 ; for House of ge! »>,;i,079: f.,r Po.>r-hou.«, »;.1,268; for suppor ! watch, i40,053 ; for support of common f t;"""' »'' f !' ' and col, red eh..ols, $2,664. The debt of the cily at the si^c period, w.., »1.S40,000, and the value of .ts property "■^r n^er'^'periodiea, press of Cincinnati eon- sislof 8 daUy papers, all of which issue weekly editions ::d one a tri-w'ekly edition; of 22 weekly pi,.crs: semi-monthlv, and 14 monthly periodicals. Ihe daU vZr. are the "C. Gazette" (whig), the ■' C. Commercial" fin^-p-1., the "C. Enquirer- (dem.), the "Chroniele and Sas" (whig), the "C. Times" (indep't.) the "Dispatch id D.™ocrar (dem.), the " Democratic J"""'"'" C"^"^; and the "Nonpareil." These circulate a w-eckly aver.ige 0^2 000 to 22 000 copies each. The v^eeHy paper, are "c t's Weekly Advertiser" (commercial), the " r.etoria Ad eriiser," the ■• Columbian" C«t-). t'''-;/',f-^f ■"!"« (commercial), the "Western Police Gaz.tte," " L'fe " ^^ »- cinnati," the '• Screw-Driver," the " Warning Bell" (flrc- man-s) the " rroclamati.m Reformer," the ■• I ■■"-'■t.c A. 1- " cate " the " Star of the WesV the " Presbyterian of he West" the "Journal an.l Messenger" (relig.), the "Souths Friend" the " Cathohc Telegraph," the " Christian Age, L" Western Christian Advocate," "- " ^l;'-;'- ^P'; ;;; gist," the " Western Fountain" (temperance 'be a"';-^ Christian Herald," the " Wdhrecfs Freund" (Germ. , ho ^Per Deutshe R.^publikaner" (Germ.), the '; Demoeraticd,^ Woehenblatt" (Genn.), and the " Volksblatt" (Germ.) The " S, . ay School Advocate" is published ^^-'ito^W^i/. The vw»m,j perMimU are, the "Ladies' rve,K,s,torj Te .' Templ.'r-s%ag.azine," the " Counterfeit Detector " 1 "Masonic Review," the "Western t-"™'='' C,"'^!'; • ^^^^ "Deutid Register," the " Law Journal," the "'^'ns' ' (">" ' erly"') the "Congress Hall," the "School Friend" (e.lu- cali the "Kciectlc Medical Journal," the "Golden MC ■ the "United Presbyterian," and " Goodman;s Coun- ts rfeit Detector." Thus it would appear that polities, re- ligion, science, literature, etc.. have their special advoealLS, and that all the great interest of the people has. a spec.a organ to herald th.^ir peculiarities to the wori.l. Many of the above are conducted with great et.ergy and talent, and have a circulation beyond their own locality. At a short .listance from the city, on the bills, in its back ground, are two beaulifnl viUages, Mount Auburn and ^^ al- nut Hills, which are mostly occupied '^'^'^'fl '''''' l\ persons doing business in Cincinnati. Walnut Hills is he seatofLaneSeminary, a theological institubon uiidcrthe New School Presbyterians. Four miles N. W. of the city, are two fine cemeteries-" Spring Grove Cemetery," c.n- tainin- about 100 acres; and the " W^leyan Cemetery containing about 40 acres. Both are beautifully located, and have been greatly improved. For miles about Cincin- nati the cultivation of the grape, for which the sod and climate are well adapted, i.s carried on extensively, and the vineyards form, perhaps, the most delightful portions of the scenery. The wine here produced is said to be equal to the wines of France, in flavor ami body, and are now manufactured for commerce. CiNciNN-vTi, p. v., Ralls CO., Mo. : on the N. bank of Salt r., 78 in. N. N. F.. Jeff.-rson City. CiscissATi, p. v.. Walker co., Te!r.: on the S. W. side of Trinity r., 172 m. E. by N. Austin City. Ciscis.SATt:s, t an.l p. v., Cortland CO., K Y. : on Ol- selic r., lOS m. W. Albany. The village is a thrivnng CIN CLA witlcmcnL, an'l has several mills, tanneries, etc. Pop. C1NNAMIN60N, p. v., Burlington co., X. Jer. CiRCLETii.LE, p. v., and cap. Loudon co., Virg. : 112 m. N. Richmond. Cir.ci.EviLLE, t.. p. r., and cap. Pickaway co., Ohw : on the E. bninch of the Scioto r., 26 m. S. by K. Cohimbua. The viltiige occupies the site of ancient fortifications, and hns a fine fertile neighborhood. Its streets are laid out at right angles, and it has several circular and triangular areas devoted to public uses. The principal buildings are a liand- eome court-house, of brick, and in form otlagonal, the niarket-houee, the public offices, several handsome church edifices and school-houses, and the buildings belonging to the Ohio Canal, which passes through the village, and at this point crosses tho river by a fine aqueduct. The rail- road from Cincinnati to Wheeling also intersects it Four periodicals are published here — the "C. Herald" (whig), Uie "C. AVatehman"' (dem.), the '-Keligious Tdescnpe." and " IJusy Martha" (religious.) In the village a consider- able manufacturing business is engaged in, and the tow!i has several furnaces, tanneries, etc. As a commercial de- p6t it occupies a place second to none of the interior towns, and its progress is onward. Pop. of v. 3,411. — of t. 3,S42. CiRci.EViLLE, p. v., Tazewell CO., lU. : 4? m. N. Springfield. CiTico. p. o., Monroe co., Tenii.: on Citico cr., lOG m. E. P. E. Nashville. City, p. o., Puehess co., K Y. : 62 m. S. by E. Albany. City island, X. Y.: an island lu the East r., in the town of Pelhrmi, Westchester County. It is 2 m. long and about a mile wide. City Point, p. v. and port, Prince George co., T7rj7. ; on the S. side of James r., on a point formed by tlie confluence of Appomattox r., 19 m. S. E. Kiehmond. James r. is nav- igable for largo ships to this point, which is the port of Petersburg, with wliich city it is connecte. The town ia connected with Concord by railroad. Pop. 3,606. Claremont, p. v., Pickens co., S. Car. ; 121 m. N. W Columbus. Clarence, t. and p. v., Erie co., A' 3'. ; on the S. of Ton- awanda cr, 244 in. W. Albany. Tho Canandaigua and Niagara Falls li. K. passes through the town. Pop. 2,727, Clarence, p. v., Greene co., IHsc. ; 43 m. S. by W. Madison. CLAiiENrii:, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich.: 2S ra, S. by W. Lansing. Numerous lakelets are found in tliis town, and are the sources of streams flowing S. toward tho Kalamazoo r. and N. toward Black r. Pop. 4S3. Clarence Centre, p. o., Erie co., Ji. Y : 242 m. W. Albany. Clarendon, p. v., Monroe co., Ark. : on the E. bank of White r., where it ia formed by Cach6 r., 56 ra. E. Little Poek. Clarenpon, t. aod p. v., Calhoun co., Mich.: on St. Jo seph's r., 44 m. S. by W. Lansing. The village lies on the N. bank of the river. Pop. 669, Clarend^-'N. t. and p. v.. Orleans co., X. Y.: 2IS m. W. by N. Albany, The village contains about 250 inhabit- ants. I'op. 1,S09- Clarendon, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Cor, Cr-ARENi'ON. t. and p. v.. Pulland co., Verm.: on Oiler cr., 53 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The village lies on th© Putland and Burlington R. P.. 6 m. S. Eulland, and the Western Vennont K. R. also passes through the town, 46 m. from North Bennington. Agriculture is the chief em- ployment of the inhabitants. Pop. 147. Clarendon Springs, p. v., Putland co., V^rm. : 55 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Here is a chalybeate spring, contain- ing also corbonate of lime, which is resorted to by invalids for its medicinal properties. Claridon, t. and p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r., 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,006. Clarion county. Penn. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Clarion and Toby's rivers and creeks of Alleghany r. and Ped Bank r., the former of which washes its S. W. and the latter its S. borders. The N. jiart of the eo. is rough and uneven ; in the 9. the sur- face is moderately undulating and fertile, with abundance of timber. It contains large deposits of iron ore, wliich are extensively worked. Farms 1,725 ; manuf. 246 ; dwell. 4,003. and pop.— wh. 23,448, fr. col. 117— total 23,565. Cup- ital : Clarion. Clarion, t^ p y., and cap. Clarion co., Penn.: on the 8. E. aide of Clarion r., 162 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Tho 129 CLA Tillage is situate an the Susquehanna and Waterfc^rd turn- pike. 1 m. E. of the river. Its site, previous to 11>40, was covered willi pine woods; it is now one of the most im- portant places of the interior, and has a population of al:)OUt 1,200 inhabitants. Two newspapers are published in the town, the " C. Register" (whig), and the " C. Democrat"— both weekly. Claeiox, p. v., Grundy co., lU.: 126 ro. N. N. E. Springfield. Clarion river (or Great Toby's cr.), Penn. : an afHuent of Alleghany r., from the N. E., and about 70 m. long. It is navigable for boats for 50 or 60 m., but is principally used to float down timber to Pittsburg, etc. Clark, p. o., Mercer eo., Penn.: 204 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Clarke county, Ala. Situate S. W., between the Alaba- ma and Tombigbee rivers, and contains 1,383 sq. m. The interior is drained by a large number of creeks falling into the border rivers. Surface uneven, but generally low. Soils indifferent, except on the streams, and there the lands •ire frequently inundated. Cotton and com are the princi- pal agricultural products. Farms 450; manuf. 16: dwell. 878, and pop.— wh. 4,901, fr. col. 9, si. 4,S7G— total 9,7S6. Capital : Clarksville. Clarke county, Ark. Situate S. W. centrsiUy, and con- tains 6S4 sq. m. Drained by Washita r., which runs on its E. border, and Its numerous tributaries — one, the Little Mis- oouri r, forming its S. and W. Ixirders. The surface is Lilly and broken, and the soils, except on the margins of the streams, sterile. The chief products are cotton and Indian com. Farms 362 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. N37, and pop.— \rh. 3,113, fr. col. 7, si. S75— total 3,995. Capital: Arkadel- phia. Clarke county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 414 sq. m. Drained by tlie tributaries of Oeonee r., which traverse it from N. to S. Surface elevated and undulating. Boils fertile, producing cotton, Indian corn, wheat, etc., abundantly. Farms 400 ; manuf. 55 ; dwell. 1.024, and pop. — wh. 5,615, fr. col. 15, si. 6,589— total 11,119. Capital: Athens. PuUic H'wij ; Athens Branch of Georgia K. E., extending from Union Point, 40 m. Clarke county. III. Situate E., and contains 46S sq. m. Drained by Embarras r. and tributaries of Wabash r., which forms its E. border. Surface chiefly rolling prairie — in the E. somewhat hilly and broken. Soils fertile. Farms 6:36 ; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,621, and pop.— wh. 9.494, fr. eol. 3S— total 9,582. Capital : Marshall. PMio Worts : Tcrre Haute and Alton E. P.. Clarke county, Iiul. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 400 sq. m. Surface usually rolling, but nowhere hilly, ex- cept the Ohio bluffs, and the chain of " Knobs" on tlie ^Y. and N. W. borders. Silver cr. and Fourteen Mile cr., with some lesser streams, drain the soils, which are chiefly calcareous, and very productive. In the N. part of the co. are some wet lands, which are more fit for grasses than the cereals. Farms 1,048 ; manuf. 83 ; dwell. 2,757, and pop.— wh. 16,246, fr. eoL &52— total 16,S28. Capital : Charlestown. The .Jeffersonville and Columbus K. K., and the Xcw Albany a-Dd Salem P.. K. traverse the county. Clarke county, la. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Chariton r., and numerous tributaries of Des Moines r., of which 'White Breast cr.. Otter cr.. Squaw cr., and South r. are the principal. The 8.W. corner is drained by the head waters of Crooked Fork of Grand r. Surface elevated, and in the middle of tlie co. forms the watershed between Des Moines and Grand rivers. Boils fertile and deep. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 14, and pop.— wh. 79, fr. col. 0— total 79. Capital : . Clarke county, K'j. Situate E. centrally, and contains 812 sq. m. Drained by Upper and Lower Howard creeks, and Three Mile cr., tributaries of Kentucky r., which forms the S. line of the co. Surface generally level, and soils good, producing largely Indian'corn, hemp, and tobacco, ISO CLA and immense numbers of live-stock are kept by the farm- ers. Farms 792; manuf. 17; dwell. I,3fv4, and pop.-wh. 7.109, fr. col. 134, si. 4.840— toUd Vi.6iS. Cajntal: Wni- cbester. PMic Worku: KnoxviUc and Cincinnati U. U. Clarke county. Miss. Situate S. E., on the Alabama Slate line, and contains 756 sq. m. Drained by the Cliicka- sawha and its numerous tributaries ; it has immense water- power. Surface generiilly level, and the soils of average forlililv, with much that is the best, producing aittlished here the *' Jeffer.sonian" (dcm.\ the " C. CIrronicIc" (whig), and the " Ledger" (whig), weekly, and the ''Monthly Visitor" (Ht^^rary). The E. II. from Nashville to Henderson, will pass through ClarUsville. Clarksville, p. v.. and cap. Red River co., Tea:: 836 m. N. E. Austin City. Clarksville, p. v., Mechlenburg co., Virg.: on the S. side of Dan r., 92 m. S. W. Ricbmond. Clarksville, p. v., Spartanburg disL, S. Car. : 73 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Ci^RKSviLLE, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : 24 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Clarksville, v., Clarke co., //ii7.: on the N. b.Tnk nf the Ohio r., aliout cqui-distant between New Alliany and JefFer- sonville, 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Once a thriving village, Clarksville has been supi)lauted in business by Us more enterprising neiglibors. Clarysville, p v., Sullivan co., y. Y.: 00 m. S. S. W, Albany. Clatsop county, Orfg. Situate on the Pacific, imme- diately S.of Columbia r., and contains 6.000 s^i-ni. Drained S. by Killamook r.. flowing to the ocean, and the Tuahdin r., a tributary of AVillametle r., and in the N. W. l.y tribu- taries of the Columbia r. The surface is generally rolling, but barely wooded. Coal has been found in sevi-ral parts. Farms 24; manuf. 2; dwell. 91. and pop.— vvh. 45*, fr. coL 4— total 462. Capital : Astoria. Claubelville, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : S6 m. S.W. Mont- gomery. Claussvillk, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.r 69 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Claverack, t. and p. v., Columbia co.. X. Y. : on Clav- crack cr., 31 m. S. by E. Albany. The v. is almut 4 m. K. of Hudson City, and is intersected by the Hudson and Berkshire R. R. The Harlem Extension R. R. also traverses the t. in its E. part. Poji. 3.20S. Claverack river, X. Y: rises in Columbia co., and runs into Kinderhook cr., near its mouth. It is a go'.nl mill- stream. Clay coimty, III Situate S. centrally, and contains 4fiS iq. m. iJrained by tributaries of Little Wabash r. Surface level prairie, and soils fertile — wood along the streams. Farms 2^57; manuf. 6; dwell. 715, and pop. — wh. 4,268, fr. col. 21— total 4,2S9. Cipital: Maysville. Puhlic Works: Cincinnati and St, Louis R. R. Clay county, Ind. Situate W., and contains 3G0 sq. m. Eel r. and its tributaries drain the lands. Surface generally level. Soils good, and timber abundanL In tlie S. W. are some boautifid prairies. Coal and iron are found in all parts. Farms S29; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,3.6, and pop. — wh. 7.926, 1'r, col. IS— total 7,944. Capital : Bowling Green. Puhlic iro;*^-^ ; Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., and Wabash and Erie Canal. Clay county, la. Situate N. W,, and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowaltomee co. in 1S51. Clay county, Ay. Situate S. E..and contains 8S0 sq. m. Drained by Sturgeon, Sexton's, Goose, Red Bird, and other creeks of the S. fork of Kentucky r. Surface gi-nerally undulating. Soils of average fertility. Salt springs and bituminous coal contribute much to the wealth of the county. Farms 511 ; manuf 11 ; dwell, 7S2, and pop.— wh. 4,739, fr. col. 1G7, si. 515— total 5,421. Capitol : Manchester. Clay county, Mo. Situate N. W„ and contains 4^12 sq. m. Drained by Smith's Fork of Platte r., and by Fiahing and other creeks of Missouri r., which bounds the co. on the S. Surface undulating, and soils of the most fertile descrii>- tion. Tiie products are Indian corn, oats, an' of the W. branch of the Susquehanna r., which it joins near the v. of Clearfield. Clear Fork, p. o., Whitley co., Ay. ; on Clear cr. of Cumberland r., 123 m. S. 3. E. Frankfort. Clear Fork, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : on Clear Fork of Sandy r., 247 m. W. by S. Bichmond. Clear Fork Mii.iii, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo.: on Clear Fork of Black Water r., 76 m. W. Jefferson City. Clear Lake, p. o.. Fort Bend co., Tex.: 159 m. S. E, Austin City. Clearmont, p. v., Warren co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. E. Nashville. Clear Point, p. c, Hart co., Ky. : a5 m. S. W. Frank- fort. Clear SraiNa, p. c, Greenville dist., S. Car.: 113 m. N. W. Columbia. Clear Spring, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ttid. : 95 m. N.byE. Indianapolis. Clear Spring, p. o., Chicka.saw co., MiJiS. Clear Spring, p. o., Granger co., Tenn. : 1S3 m. E. Nashville. Clear Spring, p. o., Washington co., Md. : at the E. base of North Mountain, 73 in. N. W. Annapolis. The " Clear Spring Sentinel" (whig) is published at this place weekly. CiEAF^svTLLE, p. V., Bedford co., P^nti. Clear Water, p. o., Chippewa co., TH^f. ; on the N. side of L'Eau Claire cr. of tlie Chippewa r., 105 m. N. W. Madi.son. Cleaveland county. A' Car. Situate S. W., an*! con- tains 6-10 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Broad r., which crosses the 3. W. corner of the co. ; these afford good water-power. Surface somewhat uneven. In the 9. E. corner is King's Mountain, an isolated hill, noted as the sccno of a famous battle. Farms 961; manuf. 13; dwell. 1.526. and pop.— wh. 8,592, fr. col. 57, si. 1,747— total 10,396. Capital : Shelby. Cleaveland, p. v., and cap, Bradley co., 7>m7I. ; on the East Tennessee and Georgia K. II., 123 m. 3. E. Nashville, and 30 m. from Dalton. Cleaveland, p. v., Oswego co., y. Y. : on the N. side of Oneida Lake. 123 m. W. N. W. Albany. It is a busy vil- lage and has some manufactures. Clement, p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: SI m. N. N. W. Columbus. Clemmonsvii.t.e, p. 7., Davidson co., y. Car. : on the E. side of Yadkin r., 102 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Clendeni.n, p. o., Canawba co., Virg.: 238 m. W. by N. F.iehmond. Clermont county, Ohio. Situate P. W., and contains 4-S4 sq. m. Drained by tho E. fork of Little Miami r.. and Stone Lick and other creeks Iributarr to it. The S. and 3. W CLE CLI parts of the county arc drained by several creeks running; , to the Ohio r., which forms its borders in tliose direcliuns. { Along the Ohio tlie surface is hilly and broken; in other , piirta chiefly level, and occasionally wet; soils rich and fer- ! tile, and limber plentiful in the bottoms. Proilucts wheat, I corn, and tobacco, with pork and beef. Farms 2,u9S; nianuf. ITS ; dwell. 5.4S7, and pop.— wh. 30.044, fr. col. 411 — total S0.4o5. Cdpital : B.itavia. Public Wori's: Cincin- nati and IliUsboro' K. II., Little Miami II, E., etc, Cleemont, p. v., Richland co.. III.: 114 m. S. K. Spring- field. Clermont, t and p. o., Columbia co., N. T. : on tlie W. of Ancrara cr., SS m, S. by K. Albany. The t. lies on the post road, between Albany and New York. Pop. 1,130. Clermont, p. v., Marion co., Jit^. : on Eagle cr., 9 m. "W. N. W. Indianapolis. Cleemont Mills, p. o., Harford co., Md. Clf.rmontville, p. v., M'Kcnn co., Penn. : 132 m. N.AV. Ilarrisburg. Cleveland, p. city, port of entr}', and cap. Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r., where it discharges into Lake Krie. 1'2G m. N. N. E. Columbus. Lat. 41° 31' 07" N., and long. $1° 45'5T"AV. Cleveland Is the commercial emporium of north- em Ohio, and second only to Cincinnati in population and general progress. It possesses great faeiliticB for the transit of goods and passengers: the Ohio Canal, extending to the Ohio r. at Portsmouth, S09 m., has its northern terminus here, and another Ciinal, branching off from it at Akron, connects it witli Pittsburg. It is connected with all th? ports of Lake Erie by the lake shore chain of railroads extending from Niagara Falls to Milwaukie; with Pitts- burg, by the Ohio and Pennsjlvania P. P., and the Cleve- land and Pittsburg P. P. ; and with Cincinnati by the Cleve- land, C-olumbus, and Cincinnati K. It. : these, uniting with lie various railroads running to the sea-board at Boston, Kew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, etc., to the southward into Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., to Charleston. Savannah. Mobile, and New Orleans, and to the westward to and beyond the Mississippi r., give it access to every part of the settled portion of the Union, and serve as conduits of the vast commerce which centres at this point. And besides these great avenues, it has numerous plank and macadam- ized roads leading from it in all directions ; and ils telegraphic connections extend to every important city from the British Provinces to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic to (lie utmost western bounds of civilization. Regular lines of Btearaboats ply to Dunkirk, to Buffalo, to Detroit, U> Toledo, and Sandusky, and to the upper lake country. Cleveland is one of those great cities of the "West that have risen up as if by magic within the past twenty years. In 1S30 the phice contained less than 1,000 inhabitants ; in 1S40 it had G,0T1, and in 1S50 its population amounted to 17,034. It derives its name from General Moses Cleveland, an agent of the Connecticut Land Company, who accom- panied the first surveying party upon the Connecticut Western Reserve. The place on which the city now stands was surveyed under his direction in 179G. In 1799 there was but one family residing here, and even in 1S25 there were under 500 persons within its liniils. In 1S14 Cleve- land was incorporated as a village, and in 1S36 it received a, city charter. The city, except a small portion of it immediately on the river, is built on a gravelly plain, 80 feet above Lake Erie, of which it has a commanding prospecL The lowition is dr>' and healthy, and the view of the meanderinga of the Cuyahoga r, and of the steamboat and lake craft ever entering or leaving the harbor, or on tlio waters of the lake to the horizon, presents a fine picture of commercial activity. The c<»uniry around is replete with rich scenery, and for miles around is under a high slate of cultivation. The plan of the city is rectangular, the streets being usually 80 feet wide, except Main-street, running through the middle of the city which is 120 feet wide- Near the centre there is a public square of 10 acres, divided into four equal parts by intersecting streets, neatly inclosed and adorned with shade trees. The Court House fronts on this square. The city contains numerous well-built churches of all denominations, public institutions, schools, etc. Many of the private dwellings are expensive and tasteftil. The harbor is one of the best on the lake ; it is formed by the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and improved by a pier on each side, extending 4_'0 yanls into the lake, 200 feet ajiart, and faced with substantial masonry. The natural advantages of the harbor are unsurpassed in the West. There is a light-house on the higli bank of the lake, and another at the entrance to the harlior. The coast-wise commerce of Cleveland, in the year 1S50, amounted in value to $13,SS6,531, of which $7,030,957 rei)resentcd the imports, and $6.S55,556 that of the exports. The shipping owned in the district was 35,3iri tons, of which 9,994 tons were nav- igated by steam-power. The shipping built within the year was CS6 tons. Cleveland has also considerable com- merce with Canada. The great bulk of its commercial material, however, is now conveyed on the railroads and canals, to and from the sea-board, etc., but the exact amount can not be asccrlaine*!. Manufacturing, thougli in its infancy, is carried on to some extent Most of tin; engines, and other eiju-ipments for the stcamboah* and railroads of the neighborhood, are manufactured at the Cuyahoga Steam Furiuice ; and there are also two large flouring mills here, one workef the Little lAl CLI Miami r., 46 m. S. by W. Columbus. The v. enjoys im- mense liydraulic power, and lias several imporUint manu- faetures. The country in the neighborliood is one of the finest agricultural districts in the State. Pop. 252. Clutos, p. T., Luzerne co., Petm. : 118 m. N. E. Ilarris- burg. Cluton, p. T., Penobscot co., J/a Clipton, p. T.. Monroe ec, iv; T. : 191 m. W. by N. Albany. Clifio!!, p. T., Wayne co., Tenn.: M m. 3. W. Nash- Tille. Cl-rnroN, p. v., .Jefferson Co., J/o. •• on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., 102 m. E. by S. .lelTerson City. CurroN Fonr.E, p. v., .\lleghany co., Vtrg.: 1+5 m. "W. by N. r.ichmond. Clifton Miiiii, p. o,, Ereckenridgo Co., Ay.; 90 m. TV. by S. Frankfort. Clitton Pauk, t. and p. r., Saratoga co., JK T .■ on the N. Bide of Mohawk r., in m, S. of Balslon Spa, and 23 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,86?, Clutos Spp.isgs, p. v., Ontario co., X'. T. : on the line of the Rochester and Syracuse P.. V... 216 m. W. Albany. The sulphur springs at this place have becnmo celebrated for their medicinal properties, and are occasionally resorted to by invalids. CuFTT, p. v., Decatur co., Ind. : on Clifty cr., 40 m. 8. E. Indianapolis. Clifty creek, Tnd. ; n tributary of White r., which It joins 3 m. below Columbus. It is 50 m. long. The Indian name of this stream was Es-lhc-nou-o-ne-ho-maque, or ClilT of P.ocks P.ivcr. Cllmax Prairie, p. o., Kalamazoo Co., 3/icA. .• .52 m. S. W. Lansing. CLiNm river, Vii-ff. and Tfnn. : rises In Virginia and passes into Tennessee, and after a course of about 200 m. unites with Ilolston r at Kingston, thus forming Tennessee r. It is navigalilo for boats tliroughoul the grc'ater p.art of its course. Clink's Mills, p. o., Augusta co., Virg. : 104 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Clingman, p. v., CIcaveland co., K Car. : 159 m.W. S.W. Ealeigh. CuNTON county, HI. Situate S. TV. centrally, and con- tains 4C8 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Kaskaskia r., which flows through it and forms the W. half of its S. border. Sur- face chiefly prairie with rich bottoms, and .soils of extraor- dinary fertility, producing grains in abundance, and sup- porting much live stock. Farms C2S ; manuf. 8; dwell. 947. and pop.— wh. 5,1)02, tr. col. 137— tot.al 5,139. Cap- ital; Carlyle. Puhlic Work': Cincinnati and St. Louis E. K. Cllnton county. Ind. Situate N. W. centrally, and con. tains 432 sq. wi. The streams are the middle and south forks of Wild Cat r., Sugar er.. and others. Surface, except near the Wild Cat r.. level or undulating, and the whole, with the exception of some small jirairies, is heavily tim- bered : soils alluvi.al with a clay substratum. Wheal is produced largely, and much attention is given to the rais- ing of cattle and hogs. Farms 1.411 : manuf. 21 : dwell. 2,001, and pop.— wh. 11.845. fr. col. 24— total Il.SW. Cap- ital: FrankforU Puhlic; Worla : Lafayette and Indian- apolis P.. R. Clinton cmmty, la. Situate E. on Mississippi r., and contains 648 sq. m. The Wapsipinicon r. forms its 9. borrler and also crosses the S. W. part of the connty, ami with its tributaries drains a large surface. The N. is drained by tributaries of Makoqueta r.. and the E. by creeks of the Mississippi. Surface undulating, and about equally cover- ed by wood and prairie: soils excellent, deep, and rich. Farms 806; manuf. 10; dwell. 499. anil pop.- wh. 2.802, fr. col. 20— total 2.S22. Capital: Tie Witt PiMic Warku: Lyons and Iowa City R. R.. and Camanche and Iowa City K. E. (both projected as yet). 134 CM Cltnton county, Kii. Situate on the Tennessee State line, and contains 2M sq. m. Beaver, Otter, Little Indian, Obey's, and other creeks of Cumberland r., drain the in- terior. Surface diversifled ; soils fertile. The products are Indian corn, oats, wheat, tobacco, etc. Farms 499 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 774, and pop.— wh. 4,591, fr. col. 36, si. 26'i— total 4,8S9.. Capital: Albany. Clinton county, Mieh. Situate on lower peninsula cen- trally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Maple r., Stonejr cr., Looking-gla«3 r. ; and other tributaries of Grand r. How in a direction from E. to W. Grand r. crosses its S. W. comer. Surface level ; soils usually good. Farms 614 ; manuf. IS; dwell. 946, and pop.— wh. 5,100, Cf. col. 2— total 5,102. Capital: De Wilt. Clinton county, ifo. Situate N. W.. and contains 418 sq. m. Drained by Castile cr. and Smith's fork of Platte r., and by Shoal cr. of Grand r., with other streams tributary to the Missouri r. Surface level, two-thirds prairie; soils fertile, producing the grains, tobacco, etc. Farms 3;J^1; manuf ; dwell. 560, and pop.— wh. 8,346, fr. col. 1, si. 4:39 —total 3,786. Capital : Plattsburg. Clinton county, K. Y. Situate N, E. comer of the State, on the W. shore of Lake Champlain S. of 45° N. lat., and contains 933 sq. m. Draineil by the Saranac, tha Chazy, and the Au Sable, and other rivers, all of which empty into the lake, and in their courses affor.i extensive water privileges. There are several small lakes within the county, of which Chateaugay and Chazy lakes arc the largest. The surface is beautifully diversified— in the S. and W. hilly: soils of an average fertility, and much of the sur- face is yet covered with forest. Iron ore of an excellent quality is found in the S. W., and has been extensively worked : black marble exists near Plattsburg, and granite and gneiss are the prevailing rocks, except a narrow strip of limestone formation along the lake shore. There are sulphur and carbonic acid springs at Beekmantown. The products of the county are wheat, corn, and pork. Farms 2,095: manuf. 461; dwell. 6,713, and pop.— wh. 39.9.35, fr. col. 112— total 40.047. Capital: Plattsburg. PuhticWorkx : Northern R. R. : Plattsburg and Montreal R. E. ; and Cham- plain and St. Lawrence R. R. Clinton county, Ohio. Situate toward S. W., and con- tains 4-30 sq. m. Drained by several forks and other trib- utaries of Little Mi.ami r., which affords good water-power. Surface chiefly level or undulating: soils deep and fertile, with timber in sufflciency. The products .are Indian corn, wheat, and grasses, which feed immense numbers of live slo<'k. Salt is found in the S. W. district. Farms 1.366; manuf. 83; dwelt. 3,245, and pop.— wh. 18.247. fr. col. 591 — tot.al 1S.S3S. Capital .'Wilmington. PiihlicWorki: Cin- cinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville P.. R., etc. Clinton county, Penn. Situate centrally in W., and contains 810 sq. m. Drained by creeks and tributaries of tlio W. branch of Susquehanna r., which flows through ita mifldle. Surface rugged and hill.v — in the 9. mountainous; soils of moderate fertility, and in some parts sterile. Iron and hiluminous coal very abundant and extensively wrought. The agricidlural products are wheal, oats, com, etc. Farms O:!^: manuf 149; dwell. 1.930, and pop.— wh. 11,0.5.5. fr. col. 1.52—toial 11.207. Tn;)*!; ; Lock Haven. PiMia Works: Sunbury and Erie R. E. Clinton, p. v., De Witt CO., Tex. : 80 m. S. by E. Austin City. Clintox, p. v., and cap. Van Buren CO., Ark.: at the mouth of Archer's cr. of Little Red r.,60 m. N. by W. Little Rock. Clinton, p, v., Henry co.. Mo. : on the N, side of Big creek of the Osage r., 69 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Clinton, L and p. o., Middlesex Co., Conn. : on the N. of I/mg Island Sound, 36 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Pop. 1.3t4. Clinton, p. t., Greene co., Ala. : on a cr. of Little Tom- bigboe r., 98 m. W. by N. Montgomery. CLI CLO Clinton, p. v., and cap. Jonc« co., Ga.: on "Walnut cr. of the Ockniulgoc r, IS m. "W. Milldlgi-'ville. Clinton, p. v., Vermillion co., ln]):iii tobacco, and liHs about 750 inhabitanla. There is fine coul in the ■• 1.35 CLO COE vicinity, and 4 in. in the interior are the White Sulphur, Breckenridge, and Tar Springs. Clover Port, p. v., Hardeman cc, Tenn. : 143 m. S. "W. Nashville. Cloves\tlle, p. Y., Delaware co., N. K ; 62 m. S. W. Albany. Cloyd's Creek, p. c, Blount co., Term.: 145 ro. E. by S. Kaahville. Clyattbville, p. o., Lowndes co., Ga. ; 14S m. S. MUledgevillf. Clyde, p. t., "Waj-nc co., ^V; Y. : on the Clyde r., 158 m. W. Albany. It has a large number of mills, factories, and mechanic shops: and a newspaper, the "C. Telegraph,*' is published weekly. The Erie Canal, and the Kochcster and Syracuse (direct) R. li. pass through if. Clyde, p. v., "Whitesides co.. TU. : 134 m. N. Springfield. Clyde river, Al T. : this stream i» formed by the union of Flint and Mud creeks in "Wayne co., and flows E. 20 m., falling Into Seneca river. Clvman, t. and p. v., Dodge co., TI'Mo. .* 42 m. N. E. Mad- ison. The t. is wateted by several fine creeks falling into Bock river. Top, 7C5. Clymer, t. and p. v., Chautanqne co., A" T. : on Broken Straw cr., 306 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,127. Clymer Centre, p. v., Chautauque co., A'. I'..* 303 m. W. S. W. Albany. Coahoma county, Misft. Situate N. TT. on Mississippi r., and contains 823 sq. m. Drained by Sunflower r. and its branches. Surface low and level, liable to inundation ; soils ver>' fertile, producing largely cotton and com. Fanns 161 ; manuf. ; dwell. 260, and pnp.-'Wh. 1,33T, fr. col. 2, si. 1,391 —total 2,7S0. Capital : Delta. Coal creek, Ind. : a fine mill stream, mostly in Fontaine CO., about 45 m. in length, and emptying into the Wabash, near the N. line of Parke co. An immense enal bank exists near ita mouth, where it is crossed by the Wabaah and Erie Canal. Coal GnovE, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the T.V. bank of the Oliior., 104 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Coal Hill, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : 14 m. N. "W. Bichmond. Coal Mines, p. t., Chesterfield co., Virg, Ses Black- EETH. Coal Mountain, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : 93 m. N. N.W. Milled geville. Coal Pokt, p. t., Indiana co., PertTi. : 124 m. "W". by S. Harrishurg. Coal Pn*EB MARsnES, p. o., Raleigh co., Hr^;. .■ 214 m. W. Richmond. Coal Run, p. o., "Washington co., Ohio : 86 m. S. E. Columbus. CoALSMouTH, p. V., Kanawha co., Ttr^r. .• on the S. side of Kanawha r., at the mouth of Coal r., 242 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Coal Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. Coate's Tavern, p. c, York dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. Columbia. Coatbrville, p. v., Chester co., P&nn. : on the W. branch of Brandywine cr., 56 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. The v. has numerous manufactures, as paper, cotton, nails, etc. ; and in ita vicinity there is a noted chalybeate spring. CoBALTvaLLE, p. V., Middlesex co.. Conn. Cobb county. Go. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained in the N. by the head streams of C^^osa r. and in the E. by the tributaries of Chattahoochee r., which traverses the E. border. Products chiefly cotton and Indian corn. Farms 931; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,913, and pop.— wh. 11,56^, fr. eol. 3, si. 2.272— total 13.843. Capital: Marietta. Puhtic Works: Western and Atlantic R. R. CoBBESsKCosTEE watcrs, ^U. : is a fine sheet of water, lying "W. of llallowell, and conncrted with a number of smaller ponds. Its outlet is a r. of the Fame name, which enters the Kcnnebee at Gardiner. These waters afford a great 186 hydraulic power, an abundance of flsh. and much delightful scenery. Ci>kb's Fork, p. o., Decatur co., Iiid, : 62 m. 3. E. by E, Indianaputis. Cobb's Mills, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 132 m. N.byK Montgomery. CouERLY'fl, p. 0., Union co., Ohio : 37 m. N. W. by "W. Columbus. CoBUAM, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : G9 m. N. W. Riehinund. CoBLTOKtLL, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : on Cobles- kill cr., 3S m. W. Albany. In this L there is a mill-stream issuing from a natural well, the depth of which has never been ascertained ; it then enters a subterranean passage, and disappears for 7 m., when it again rises and flows on the surface. Pop. 2,229. ConscooK bay, J/e. : a large b.iy, the recipient of a num- ber of large ponds on the S. W. side of Easlport, in Passa- maquoddy Bay. Coburn's Store, p. o., Mochlenburg co., A^. Car. CocALico, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. CocHEcroN, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., N. Y. : on the E. side of Delaware r., 76 m. S. W. Albany, and drained by C(»lIicoon and Ten Mile creeks, tributaries of Delaware r. The Erie R. R. traverses the W. line of the t., and inter- sects the village, which lies on the Delaware, 141 m. from New York. CociiEsirrr, p. o., Plymouth co., Ma^&. CocniTUATE. p. v., Middlesex co., Ma^s. Cochran's Cross Roads, p. o., Harris co., Ga.: 106 m. "W. by S: MiUedgeville. Cochran's Grove, p. o., Shelby co., III. : 53 m. E. S. E. Springfielil. Cochran's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., Ohio: 110 m. E. by S. Ciilumbus. Cochran's Mills, p. o,, Pickens co., Ala. : 104 m- W. N. "W. Montgomery. Cocnp.ANSTiLLE, p. V., Chcstcr CO., Pertn. ; 54 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. CoriiRANsviLLK, p. v., Marshall co., Tettn. : 46 m. S. Nashville. CoriiKASTON, p. v., Marion co., Ohio: 43 m. N. N. W. Columbus. CocKB county, Term. Situate on the E. State line, and contains 374 sq. m. Smoky Mountains, one of tho Alle- ghany ridges, bounds it on tlie E., and divides the Stat« tVonj North Carolina. Drained by French, Broad, and Big i'idgeon rivers, tributaries of Tennessee r.. which runs along ita N. border. Tlic surface is elevaled and broken, and the soils ihin. Indian corn is the chief product, and some beef and pork is produced for market. Farms 336 ; manuf. S7i ; dwell. 1.295, and pop.— wh. 7,502, fr. col. 79, si. 719— total 6,3'iO. Capital: Newport. CocKNRYsviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md.: on the lino of the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 14 m. N. Balti- more, and 40 m. N. by "W. Annapolis. A weekly paper, the "Baltimore County Advocate," is published at Um place. CocKRUM, p. 0., De Soto co., 3/?j9s; 163 m. N. Jackson. CoDDiNoviLLE, p. V., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. E. Columbus. CoDORus. p. v., York co.. Pf'nn.: on Codorus cr. 30 m. S. Harrisburg. Codorus cr. rises in Frederick co., ,)/. CoEYMANS Hollow, p. v., Albany co., N. T.: 19 m. S. Albany. CuKKi:, p. o., Hardin co., Ky. : 72 ra. W. by S. Frankfort. <_'OFFADBLiAU, p. T., Ncslioba CO., Miss. : 69 m. N. E. Jnckson. CoKFKE cnnnfy, Ahi. Situate S. E., and contains 1,00S gq. m. Drained by I'ea r. and its branches. Surface level, but undulating — partially wooded; and soils rich and well drained. The agricultural staples are cotton and corn. Farms G(»4 ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 893. and pop.— wh. 5,3S2, fr. col. 1, si. r)5T— total 5,940. Ca^ntal : ■\^Vllborn. CoFFKE county, Te7in. Situate centrally, and contains 276 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Duck cr. Sur- face undulating, inclining to the "W., and the soils of aver- ago Rrlilily, The principal jiroducts are Indian corn and wheat, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms -tSo; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,179, and pop.— wh. 7.(i61, fr. eol. 23, si. 1.2ti7 —total 8.351. Capitol: Manchester. PuhlSc ]IV*;'^-.t; WMinnville Branch of the Nashville and Chattanooga 11. II. Coffee, p. v., Clay co., Ind.: 56 m. "W. S. "W. Indian- apolis. Coffer Corner, p. c, CoDee co., Ala. : S9 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Coffee Crekk, p. o., Torter co., Ind. : on the E. side of Coffee cr., about 2 m. above its confluence with Calumic r., and not far from the line of Northern Indiana E. E., 136 m. m, N. "W. Indianapolis. Cofff.f, Landing, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn. : 107 m. S. W. Nashville. Coffee Efn, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pe-nn. : 79 m. "W. Harrisburg. CoFFEETiLLE, p. V., Clark CO., Ala. : on the E. side of Tombigbee r.. Ill m. W. S. W. Montgomery. CoFFKF.viLT.R, p. V., and Cap. Yallalmsha co., Mm. : on a creek of Yallabusha r, IIC ni. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. 600. Tlie "Southern Appeal" (whig) is published weekly. Coffin's Gkove, p. o., Delaware co., la.: 55 m. N. Iowa City. CoGniLL, p. o., M'Minn co., Temi. : 132 m. E. S. E. Ka.shvillo. Cogswell, p. v., M'Hcnry co., W.: 1?3 m. N. N. E. Bpringflold. CoiiASSF.T, t. and p. v., Norfolk Co., Mass. : facing N. E. on Massachusetts Bay, IG m. S. E. Boston. Tho coast is here rocky and dangerous ; it has a considerable amount of shipping, chiefly engaged in eoai»ting and in tho fish- erics, and the v. is important as the E. terminus of the South Shore U. li., 11 m. from Eraintree. It has a fine sum- mer climate, and the shore is a favorite resort for invalids and fashionables. Pop. 1,775, CoiiOEB, p. v., Albany co., JVl }'. .• on the S. W. side of Mohawk r., S m. N. Albany, a little below the Falls, and near the junction of the Champl.ain and Erie Canals. The water-power of the place is very extensive, and is used for various manufacturing purposes. It contains 7 churches, about 300 houses, and 2,6fi0 inhabitants. A railroad ia now in course of construction from Albany to this point to ac- commodate the manufacturing Interest. The "Cohoes Cataract"' (neutral) is published weekly. The name of this V. h.TS lately been changed to that of Eockton. ConoKS falls, X. V. : immediately above Cohocs village, 2 m. from the mouth of Mohawk r. The surrounding scener>- is romantic, and when the r. is M\ the falls present s grand appearance. Besides a rapid above and below the falls, llie r.. here from 300 to 400 feet broad, has a per- pendicul.rr fall "f 70 f.-et. Half a mile below the falls is a bridge across the r. 800 feet long, from which the view of Uiec.itarnct is seen tn advantage. This fall is always an ' ■object of interest to travelers, and, if inferior to the gran- deur of Niagara, has much to attract and please in ita varied scenery. CoiiuTTAu Sphing, p. o., Murray co., Ga. : at the bn*© of Cohultah Mountain, in the N. E. corner of the co., 164 m. N. N, W. Milledgeville. The spring is on the S.side of a small stream issuing from the mountain, which joins tlie Connesauga cr., 6 m. below. This is one of the mot,t val- able mineral springs in this section of the country. CoiLA, p. o., Carroll co., 3fi«s.: S4 m. N. by E. Jackson, CoiLA, p. v., "Washington co., X. Y. CoiNjocK, p. v., Currituck co., N, Car.: 160 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. CoiTsviLLE, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: in the N. E. corner of the co., 146 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Beaver r. and the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal run through ita S. W. portion. CoKER Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Tetin.: on the creek so called, 1.53 m. E. S. E. Nashville. CoKF-SBURGU, p. V., Huntcrdon co., X. Jet:: 26 m. N. Trenton. CoKESBiTT, p. T., AbbeviUc dist., S. Car. : on the W. sido of and 2 m. from Saluda r., and on the line of the Green- Tille and Columbia E. E., 94 m. from Columbia. The Alibeville Branch E. E. diverges from the main road at this point. CoLAi'ARciiEE, p. 0., Mouroc CO., Gci. : 52 m. "W. Milledgeville. CoLUYViLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ky. : 39 ra. E. £. E. Frankfort. CoLcuESTER, t and p. v., New London co., Cov7i.: 21 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Surface uneven ; soils of average fertility. Drained by Salmon r. in the N. W. and in the E. by head branches of Yantic r. The v. is pleasantly sit- uated on the high ground near the centre of the t., and is the site of Bacon Academy, founded in ISOO by tho dona- tion of J35,000 from the gentleman whose name it perpetu- ates. The building is of brick, three stories high, 75 fvet long and 84 wide. It usually has from 90 to 100 scholars. The t. is cBsenlially an agricultural district, and has scvend saw and grist mills. Pop. 2.46S. CoLciir-STEn, t. and p. o., Chittenden co., Verm.: on Lake Champlain, into which i( projects in the form of a peninsula, forming on each side extensive bays. Lamoille r. runs through it and discharges into the lake. M'inoosiii City, a flourishing manufacturing v., is partly within this t., the other part being on the opposite side of the rivi-r o? the same name, which is spanned by a covered bridec The t. is traversed by the Vermont Central E. Pop. 2,575, Colchester, t, and p. o., Delaware co., JV. Y.: 76 m. S. W. Albany. The Papacton branch of Delaware r. fonnf the N. boundary of the t. and Beaver Kill drains it in iLe S. Pop. 2.1S4. Cold Brook, p. o.. "WaiTcn co., PI. : S8 m. N. W. Spring- field. The Peoria and Oquawka E. E. passes through tho V. 23 m. from Oquawka on the Mississippi r. Cold Brook, p. v., Herkimer co., jV. }' .' on a cr. of same name. 70 m. N. W. Albany. There are several mills on the or., and the v. has about SOO inhabiinnts. Colden, t. and p. v., Erie co., X. Y.: on Cazonovc cr., 2S m. S. E. Buffalo and about 2J5 W. Albany. There are several mills at the v. or settlement. Pop. 1,344. CoLnENUAM, p. v.. Orange co., 2i\ Y. : 74 m. 9. Al- /bany. CoLDEN lake, Essex co., y. Y. : a short distance belovr Avalanche Lake, the waters of which it receives after a descent of 50 feet It is one mile in length and half a milo wide, and has an elevation above the tide water of Hudson r. of 2,?50 feet. It is a most romantic sheet of water, sur- rounded by high mountain peaks. Cold Ei;n, p. o., Cass co., Ga.: on a cr. of Etowah r., 132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Coj.n Spring, p. o., Pottowattomee co., Ia. : 212 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 137 COL Cold Spmxg, p. v., Fairfield Co., Conn. Cold Spuing, p. o., Shelby CO., lU. : 52 m. S. E. by E. 6pringfleld. -r. u -w Cold Speikg, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 100 m. E. bj JN. Columbus. - _, Cold Speixg, p. v., Campbell co., Ky. : 02 m. N. S. h. Frankfort. . Cold Si-p.ixg, p. o., Wilkinson Co., J/ms. .■ on the E. aide of nomochilto r., 97 m. S. W. Jackson. Cold Srn.NG, p. v., Cape May co., X. Jer. : near the S. extremity of the State, equidistant on Ihrcc sides from the waters of the Atla.uic, 84 m. S. by E. Trenton. It is a v. of some 150 inhabitants. , „ v , Cold Spring, p. v., Putnam eo., K. Y. : on the E. bank of the Hudson r., about a mile N. of West Point. It is ro- maiuioallv situated in the Highlands. The Hudson Kiver E. B. passes through it, 64 m. N. of New York C.ly and 96 m s of Alb.™v. Tlie West Point Foundery. one of tlie most extensive 'iron founderies and machine shops in the Vnion, is located here. Pop. about l.COO. Cold Spuing, p. o., Polk co., Te^.: 1T3 m. E. by N. Austin City. „ ,r, -m Cold Spn.NG, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car.: 42 m. W. Columbus. Cui d Spring, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., IHsc. ; on a branch of Uock r., .5S m. E. S. E. M.idison. The Milwau- kie and Mississippi P.. li. passes through the S. part of the township. I'op. 66S. Cold Spp.ino Haudok, p. v., Suffolk eo., A. 1.: at the head of the bay so called, 116 m. S. by E. Aloany. The bav sols up between Queen's and Suffolk counties, bcmg on arm of Ovstcr Bay, and the v. lies around its head in the form of a'crescent. It is a port of entry, has several sli.ps en'-a.'cd in whaling, and has a considerable coasting trade. Bliippi.." owned in the district, 3,S55 tons, of which 2,370 is registered tonnage. Its situation and scenery render it a desirable residence during the summer months. Fop. about Clio. „. ,. „ Cold Stream, p. v., Hampshire eo.. Tirg.: on the E. ,ide of Cacapon r., 134 m. N. N. W. lliclimond. It has several factories and mills, worked by water-power supplied by the river, and h.-is about 400 inhabitants. Cold Water, t.. p. v., and cap. Branch co., ilich.: on Col.l Water r. and its branches, 5S m. S. S. W. Lansing. It has numerous mills on its streams. The v. is situate on the line of the Michigan Southern K. R., 92 m. from Monroe and 150 from Chicago. The " C. Sentinel," a weekly news- paper, is published here. Pop. 2 lOG. Cold Water, p. o., M-irshaU co., J/ms.; 173 m. N. Jackson. , ^ Cold Water, p. o., Elborl CO., -Ga. : on a cr. of Savan- nah r. so called, 7S m. N. N. E. MillcdgeviUe. Cold Water, p. o., Wayne co., Oldo: S6 m. Is. E. Columbus. TTT XT w Cold Water, p. o., Mercer co., Ohvo: 9T m. W. N. W. Columbus. ^, ,^^ „ ,r.,., Cold Well, p. o.. White CO., Ark. : 43 m. N. N. E. Little Itock Cole county, Mo. Simntc centrally, and contains 440 sq. m The Missouri r. washes the county on the N. and the Osa-c r on the E.— the interior being chiefly drained by Mor'-au er. and its branches. Surface somewhat uneven ; .oil, generally fertile. Farms 03*; manuf. 28; dwell 9b4, and p'op -wh. ,',.099, fr. col. IS, si. 979-total 0,690. Cap- iUil : Marion. PiMU: Works : Pacific K. It. CoLERRooK, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Com,. : on the W branch of Farmiugton r., 2S m. N. W. Hartford. Drained bv Colebrook r., a tributary of the before named. Surface hilly, and soils gravelly, but gootl grazing lands. It has Bome few manufactures. Pop. 1,304. CoLKURooK, f. and p. o., Coos Co., N. JTamp.: on the E. eide of the Conneclicnt r.. V'6 m. N. Concord. It is .Irain- ed by the Mohawk and Beaver rivers, and has much fine 138 COL Intervale lands on the Connerticut. It is entirely agricul- tural in its industr}-. Pop. 905. CoLEBROOK Dale, t and p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 67 m. E. Harrisburg. CoLERROOK nivEB. p. o., LitchBeld CO., Conn.: on the r. so called, 27 m. N. W. Hartford. Cole Ca.«p, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : on Cole Camp cr., a tributary of Osage r., 6S m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Cole Creek or (Coal creek), p. o., fountain co.,In^. 7- n, W \. W. Indianapolis. C«al cr. is a fine mill stream, about 45 m. in leuglli, and enters the Wabash n™' 'l';^^- line of Parke co., after passing through a splendid agncul- tural counlrv. 11 has numerous tributaries from the L. 1 he best coal bank that has been found in the Stale is near the mouth of this stream, where the Wabash and Kne Canal crosses it „ c- ™ Tl F Cole Creek, p. o., Columbia co., Penn.: 0. m. N. E. Harrisburg. . , . j. , c /t™. CoLEMAN-s Cross F.oads, p. o., EdBeHeId dist. 5. Car. CoLEMANSv.LLE, p. V., Harrisou CO., A;/, .-on the W. side of the W. branch of Licking r.,42 m. E. K. E. FranliforL COLERAIN, t. and p. v., Franklin co., jr.,.« ■ on a branch of Deerfleld r., which affords water-power, 9. m. W. ^. « . Bostim The surface is hilly, and furnishes fine grazing hrnls- the t. has also several imporlanl manufactures, con- s'istin.' of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, earthen- ware and agricultural implements. It was first settled by a colony from the North of Ireland m 1736. COLERAIN, p. v., Bertie Co., .V. Car.: on the W. bank of Chowan r., 143 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. COLERALN, t. and v., Hamilton co„ Ohu> : on 'be K side of Great Miami r., 100 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop 3,Uo. CoLEBAiN, t. and p. v., Belmont co.. Oldo: on the N^siJe of Indian Wheeling cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. The surface is hiUy, but the soils are rich and productive. Pep. 1,321. .,,,«« F CoLERAlN, t. and p. v., Lancaster Co., rei, fr. col. 3^30, si. 31,771— total 39,505. CapittU: "Walterborough. Fub- lio Works: South Carolina E. R. Colleton, p. v., Fayette co., Tenn. : 16S m. S.W. by "W. Nashville. CoLLETTsvTLLE, p. V., Caldwell CO., A'i Cur.: on the E. aide of Mulberry cr. of New r., 157 ni. W. by N. Ealeigh. Collier's, p. o., Edgefield dist., ^5. Cii}\ : &7 m. W. Columbia. CoLLiEESTowN, p. V., EockbriJge cc, Virff. : 117 m. W. Eichmond. CoLLiEEsviLLE, p. V., Shelby co., Tenn.: on the line of the Memphis and Charleston It. R., 31 m. E. Memjihls, and 176 m. V,\ S. W. Nashville. Pop. 23fi. Collin county, Tex. Situate N., and contains S'JO sq. m. Brained by numerous and wide-spreading tril)utaries of the Elm fork and of the E. fork (or Bois (I'Arc r.) of Trinity r. Surface elevated and very diversified ; soils ex- cellent. Farms 21S; manuf. 0; dwell. 311, and pop.— wh. 1,S16, fr. col. 0, »1. 134— total 1,950. CcipiUil: M'Kinncy. Collins, p. o., Manitouwoe co., Wise. Collins, p. o., CoUimbia cq., Ftor. Collins, L and p. o., Erie co., K, Y. .- on the N. side of Cattaraugus or., 2t}2 m. "U'. Albany. Drained by creeks flowing into that siream and Lake Erie. The L contains several factories and mills. Pup. 4,001. Coi,Lis*s Centp.e, p. v., Erie co., JV' Y. : 259 m. W. Albany. Coli.in'« DepOt, p. o., Hampton co., J/n.?.?. Collin's Se-hlf-ment, p. c, Lewis co., Virg : 212 m. W. N. W. Richmond. CoLLiNSviLLE, p. v.. Hartford CO.. Cinn.: on both sides of Farininston r., 14 m. W. by N. Hartford. A branch of the New Haven and Northampton R. R. from Pl:iinville,ll m., terminates here. It is a flourishing v., manufai'turing chiefly axes and other edged tools. Pop. about 1,600. CoLLiNSViLLE, p. V., Madison co., III.: SO m. ?. by W. Springfield, and about 10 m. from Illinoislown, on the Mississippi r. CoLi.issviLLE, p. v., Lewis CO.. X. Y. : nn the AV. side of Black r., 103 m. N. ^V. Albany. Pop. about '200- CoLLiNsviLLE, p. V., Bullcr CO., 0/iio : on the E. side t.f a branch of Miami r., S9 in. W. S. W. Columbus. CoLLiRENE, p. 0., Lowndcs CO., Ala. : 27 m. S. AV. Mont- gomery. CoLLUMSVTLLE, p.v., Lycoming CO., PeM?!. .■ 7Sni.N.N.W. Harrisburg. Colly Swamp, p. o., Bladen co., X. Car.: on a cr. of South r. so called, 1S4 m. S. by E. Raleigh. CoLoMA. p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 129 m. N. N. E. Montgomerj'. Colon, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co.. 3/ich. : on the S. of St. Joseph's r., C6 m. S. "W. Lansing. The t. has several small lakes within it which supply numerous streams, ana ftirnish immense water-power. Pop. S47. Colonel's Foek, p. o., Picken's disL, ^. Car.: on a branch of Tullulali r., IIC m. N. \V. Columliia. Colony, p. o., Knox co., 3fo. : lu6 m. N. JcfTersou City. Colorado county, 7«r. Situate toward S.. and contains S'20 sq. m. I>rained centrally by aflluenLs of Colorado r., which passes through it from N. to S. ; on the E. by San Bernardo r., and on the \V. by the head waters of Navidad r. Surface rolling ; soils of the highest fertility, and suit- able for cotton and sugar. Farms 116; manuf. 2; dwell. 2S3, and pop.— wh. 1,534, fr. coL 0, si. 7*23— total 2,267. Capital: Columbus. Colorado river, Uta7i and X^c M^. Ter.: a vast river extending from its sources in the Rocky Mountains, near the liead waters of the Columbia, the Missouri. Arkansas, and the Del Norte rivers, to the Gulf of Californix Its tributaries are gathered from the Cordilleriis, through a range of G degrees of latitude. Green r.. which rises in a number of small lakes at the base of Fremont's Peak, in lat. 43^, is its most northern constituent; farther south it receives the Yanipa, the head waters of whicli almost inter- lock with those of llie north fork of Platte r. ; the Uintah r. ; the White r. ; Grand r., equ:d in volume to the Upper Col- orado itself; the Navajo r. ; the Yaquilla r. ; the Rio Ver- gen, and others of considerable magnitude. The general course of the river is S. and S. W., receiving the largest and most voluminous of its constituents from the East Mountain country. In about lat. 33^ the Rio Gila meets it. and these two rivers enter the Gulf tlirough a common estuary. The topography of the country through which the Colorado passes is as yet little known ; but it is averred by those who have traversed (he country, that the streams are navi- gable for hundreds of miles, and that the country is one well adapted to the support of a dense population, its agri- cultural capacities being equal to the finest lands of the States east of the Cordilleras. Along the banks of the river are found numerous ruins of cities, attributed to the Aztecs, and which in their architecture discover a high state of civilization in the builders. At tlic present day the whole region is a wilderness, inhal>ited only by the wild Indian. Colorado river, TfX.: one of the prreat rivers of the country, extending from its source in the GuadaJupo Mountains, in an E. and S. E. direction to Matagorda Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about GOO miles. It is navigable to Austin City for small steamboats, and is capable of great improvements in its whole length. At and near its mouth it is obstructed by raf^. About 3 m. above Austin, a nx-ky ledge extends entirely acntss the stream, and obstructs navigation. The river has worn in this ledgo 139 COL COL many deep, narrow channels, through which the water rushi^^s with the velocity of a mill-race. The current of the river la usually rapid throughout, and the waters quite limpid and pure, but when swollen by heavy rain*, Ihey sweep down immense volumes of red mud, sand, and Bilicious pebbles, from which fact the name Colorado has been derived. The country along ihe banks of this river is DOW thickly settled by farmers chiefly from Germany and other European States. The German setUementa ar© models of economy and scientific farming. C0LO68E, p. o., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 12S m. W*. N. W. jUbany. CoLQiT!T, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : 7T m. S. S. E, Milledgeville. Colt's Neck, p. v., Monmouth co., X. Jor. : S3 ra. E. Trenton. A place of considerable business. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia, the seat of the Government of the United States, originally occupied a square of ten miles, on both sides of Potomac Iliver, and comprised portions of Virginia and Marjiand, cede6S 6,934 9?2 5.908 1,216 8.7S0 769 4,187 601 3,714 S92 4,985 0,679 40,001 Georgetown, X. W. part 4G1 " other parts 713 Countrj-— 15. of Turnpike 222 " ' W. " 176 Total S9S 4S3 7-33 4 20 1.215 222 176 8,.3Gfl 9 130 90 9iiiii«r. . 10 . 78 . 116 . 101 . 81 . 17 . 13 . 356 9 . 50 . 69 12 Grand Total 7,917 .. 204 427 The following exhibits the caste and sexes of the population in the sever.il civil divisions : Wliite t'emods. Fre« Cnl(,r*J. Slare. rivii r ivlw;..n.. IMnle. Fomrile. Totnl. Male. Ferinilt. T<.t.il. .M«lf. Female. Total. As'Kl Po|.i.la. Washington 1st Ward ... 1.609.. .. 1.S93.. .. 2.502.. .. 740.. ..1,044.. ..1,790.. .. 90.. .. 161.. .. 2,51.. .. .5„548 •' 2d " . .. 2,432.. .. 2.599.. .. .5.081.. .. 603.. .. 9S6.. ..1.541. ..107.. .. 2.55.. .. 362.. .. 6.9U " 8d " ... 2.345.. .. 2,401.. .. 4,746.. .. 85;!. .. 528.. .. 881. .. 88.. .. 19S.. .. 231.. .. 5.90S " 4th " ... 8,491.. .. 8,409.. .. 6.900.. .. 547.. .. 78S.. ..l,-335.. ..201.. .. 844.. .. 545.. .. 8,780 " 5th " .... ... 1,262.. .. 1.4.53,. .. 2,720.. .. 491.. .. 66S.. ..1,159.. .. 90.. .. 168.. .. 253.. .. 4,137 " Mb " ... 1.604.. .. 1,746.. .. 3,410.. .. 73.. .. 69.. .. 142.. .. 62.. .. 100.. .. 162.. .. 3.174 " 7lli " ... 1,775.. .. 1.7:M.. .. S..',00.. .. 549.. .. 676.. ..1.225.. ..100.. .. 154.. .. 2.54.. . 4.985 Total ...14,578.. ..16,2o7.. ..29,M5 8,862 4,711 S,073 783 1,3S0 2,113 40.001 Georgetown N. W. part... . .. 1.225.. .. 1,304.. .. 2,5S9.. .. 189.. .. 2,52.. .. 482.. ..119.. .. 209.. .. 323.. .. 3349 " other parts . . . . .. 1,079.. .. 1,513.. .. 8,592.. .. 4.«7.. .. 641.. ..1,138.. ..12s.. .. 274.. .. 897.. .. 5,017 Total ... 2,904.. .. 8,177.. .. 6,031.. .. 667.. .. 693.. ..1,500.. ..243.. .. 4S3.. .. 795.. .. 6,366 140 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Wliite I'ersons. Frt^e Ccli-red. J^.l«, Fenialtf. W.il«. Kemale. 2 .... 2 ... .... 1 .. 5 .... .. 3 ... .... .. 1 4 .... .... 4 ... .... 1 .. 3 .... .... 1 ... .... .. U .... ....10 ... .... 2 .. 1 Ag'te Ci*il Piriflions. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Tdlal, Miile. Fenmk. TuTnl. PojiuL Coantry- E. of Turnpike 5S2.... ^96.... 1,17S.... 121.... 111.... 232... 294.... 252.... 5i6.... 1.956 " W. " 4S4.... 469.... 953.... 60.... 4S..,. lOS... 15:^.... 150.... 303.... l.SM Total 1,066.... 1,065.... 2.131.... ISl.... 159.... 340... 44T.... 402... 849.... 3,320 Gran.l Total... 1S,M3.... 19,479.... 38,0-2T....4,'210..,. 5,763.... 9,973... 1,422.... 2,265.... 3,G.S7....51,6S7 DECENNIAL MOVEMENT OF POPULATION. Dale of White Tt>t..I Cenaus. IVrsoni. Free Col. Slav& I'..l.nl.T. ISOO 10,066 "S3 8,244 14,093 ISIO 16,079 2,S49 5,;}95 24,l23 1820 22,614 4,043 6,077 33,039 1S30 27.&G3 6,152 6,119 30fi^ 1S40 30,657 8,361 4,694 43,712 1S50 SS,027 9,973 3,6S7 51,6S7 or if the County of Altxandria be included in the returns for 1S50 — and auch, for comparison with former returns, will be necessary — the figures are ns follows : 45,240 11,350 5,069 61,695 ^The number of persons in the District suffering from physical infirmities was, in 1S50, as follows : Infirniitie,*. Deaf and dumb 7 9 2 2 1 21 Blind T 7 5 3 1 28 Insane 10 Idiotic 3 Total 27 23 14 10 2 1 77 The emplnyments of the District embrace almost every branch of national industrj'. Its manufactures and conmierce are exttn.'ive, and its agriculture, though confined chiefly to the production of city-market products, is in a highly flourishing contlition. In relation to these subjects, the census of 1S50 supplies the following returns : Occupied iMnch^ etc. — Improved lands, 16,267 acres, and unimproved lands, 1!,1S7 acres, valued at $1,730,460. Number of farms, 261. Value of farming implements and machini-ry. $4ii,320. Zii'^-StocA: — Horses 824, asses and mules 57, milch cows S13, working oxen 104, other cattle 123, sheep 150, swine 1,635— valued in the aggregate at $71,643. Agncultural Products. — Wheat, 17,370 bushels; rye, 5,509 ; Indian com, 65.230; oals, 8,134; barley,75; buckwheat, 873; peas and beans, 7,754; Irish potatoes, 2S,292; sweet potatoes. 3.497 bushels; tobacco, 7,S0n pounds: bay, 2.279 tons; clover seed. 3 bushels; hops, 15 pounds; wine, 803 gallons; value of the products of orchards. $14,SJ3 ; and of market-gardens, $67.222 ; bei'swax and honey. 550 ; wool, 525 pounds; butler, 14.S72 pounds; elieese, 1,500 pounds; and the value of animals slauglitered, $9,ii3S. Value of home-made manufactures, $2,075. 3faniifiirfurfK. — Aggregate capital invested. $l,iiO(t,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $1,01*0.000 ; average number of hamls employed, 1,000 ; males 5'i0. and females 50" ; average monthly cost of male labor, $]t\000, and of female labor. $5,000; annual value of products, $1,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 427. and of these one w.is engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods, one in that of woolen goods, and two in making castings of iron — the remainder being distributed to a variety of handicrafts. The statistics of the specified manufactures were as follows: Cotlnn. Wool-n, C.T*t Iron. Capital invested dollars 85,000 700 14,000 Value of raw materials " 67,000 1,630 IS.IOO Hands employed, males number 41 2 27 " females " 103 — — Average monthly wages dollars l.ii'O 60 529 Value of produt-ts " 100,000 2,400 41,696 Cotton consumed bales 900 — — Sheeting, etc., produced yards 1,400,000 — — "Wool " pounds — 5.000 — Cloth, manufactured yards — lii,0('0 — Pig iron — — 545 Mineral coal — — 80 Castings made tons — — ^^3 Cbmmcrc^, htt^mal Oyjvmnnicotum. *tc.— The foreign commerce of the Di.tlrict is limited. In the year ending 30th June, 1?.")0. the exports and imports were as follows: Exports— eniarlc Sound, and 168 m. E. Raleigh. Coli'mbia, t. and p. o., C^xis co., N. ITawp. : on the E. siiie of Connecticut r., 108 m N. by W. Concord. The sur- face is uneven and mountainous, and has several rapid creeks flowing to the Connecticut There are also several small ponds in the t, on the banks of one of which. Lime pond, Vast quantities of shells ar« found, from which lime is made. Pop, 762. Columbia, t and p. v., Herkimer co., K. Y. : about 10 m. S. of the village of Herkimer, and 63 m. W. N. W. Albany. COL COL The t. is drained by the head streams of (he Unadilla and Pusqiu'hanna rivers, and by creeks flowing N. to the Mo- hawk r. Fop. 2,001. CoLUJiBiA, p. v., Warren co., X. Jer.: on the E. side of Dehiware r., at the moulli of Taulin's Kill, 52 ra. N. N. W, Trenton. CoLuMDiA. I. and p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: on the N. side ofthe Ohio and Lilllc Miami r., 6 m. E. Cincinnati and 96 m. S. W, Cohimbus. The Little Miami li. i:. traversea its S. border in the valley of the rivor. Pop. 2,416. Columbia, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., over which there is a bridge 5,G9U feet long, resting on stone piers. It is connected with Havre de Grace by the Tide Water Canal, and the Philadelphia and Columbia K. E. passes through it and branches off to the N. W., to a junction with the Lancaster and Ilarrinburg E. K. It has considerable trade with Baltimore and Phila- delphia. The txirough contains a town hall, Jail, \'6 church- es, and a number of other public buildings; and it is sup- plied with water, through pipes, from some springs in the vicinity. The '*C. Spy" is published weekly. Pop. 4,840. ConTMniA, p. cily, and cap. Eichland dist., S. Car., and capital of tlie Slate: on the E. side of Congaree r, imme- diately below tlie confluence of its constituents, Uroad and Saluda rivers, in lat. 83^1 57'^ and long. Sl° 07' W., 5(10 m. S. by VT. Washington. The r. is here open to ligiit draft navigation. The city is built on an elevated plain of aliout S or 4 miles in extent — the descent sloping in all directions gradually. It was foumled in 17S7, and is laid out on the rectangular plan, the streets crossing each otlier at right angles, and 100 feet wide. The principal buildings arc the State House, the county buildings, market house, banking houses, academics, and churches. The State House, in the central part of the city, is 170 feet long and CO feet wide, two stories high. Columbia Is also the seat of the South Caro- lina College, founded in 1S04, and which, in ISoO. had 8 professors and 195 students, and a library of 17,000 volumes. The college buildings are very extensive and of brick, sur- mounting one of which is a fine obsen*atory, which posses- ses apparatus of great value. This institution is under the patronage of the State. The Southern Theological Sem- ^lary is also located here. It is a Presbyterian institution, and in 1350 it had G professors and 32 students, with a li- brary of 4,600 volumes. The dwelling houses are chiefly of wood, but there are several built of brick in a style of elegance becoming the capital of the State. The city is BUpplied with pure water from springs, raised by steam- power, and distributed through iron pipes. The high situ- ation the city occupies contributes greatly to the health of the inhabitants, and also affords an extensive view of the surrounding scenery, wliich is chiefly a cotton and corn re- gion, in the highest state of culture. Columbia has three daily and two weekly newspapers— the dailies are, tiie "State Eights Republican" (dem), the "South Carolinian" (dem.), and the "Telegraph" (indcp.\ the last two of which issue also tri-weekly and weekly editions; and the weeklies are the "Palmetto State Ban- ner" (dem.), and the "South Carolina Temperance Advo- cate." The city has also considerable manufactures, which have been altogether initiated witliin the past decade, and Its trade and commercial connection has greatly advanced since the completion of the lines of railroad diverging in all directions from this the chief railroad centre of the State, an^ when the system proposed fur South Carolina shall have formed junctions with the lines of the surrounding States, ine commercial prosperity of this cily will be inde- finitely enhanced. The railroads now centering in Colum- bia are— the Columbia Branch ofthe South Carolina E. K. ; the Ctiarlotle and South Carolina E. P.. ; and the Greenville and C'olumbia E. P.., with their branches and connection-. West and North. The design is to continue the last through Eabun Gap to Chattanooga, thus connecting this place di- rectly with the Ohio Valley railroads, and those extending to and, beyond the Mississippi river. Poj). 6,060. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Maury co.. Teun, : on the S. side of Inick r., 39 m. S. by W. Nashville. Jackson Col- lege, founded 1833, is located here, and in 1S50 had 5 pro- fessors, 26 students, and a library of 2,5eo vuhimea. Two newspapers, the "Tennessee Democrat" (dem.), and the " Maury lutelligencer" \^whig). are published weekly; and the "Guardian" (hteniry), monthly. The public buiMings are the C. H. and county jail, and the village also contains several stores and about 2,010 inhabitants. The railroad from Nashville via Florence, etc., to Jackson and New Or- leans, will pass through or near this place. Columbia, p. v., Brazoria co., TVw. ; on the W. side of Brazos r., 3S m. from the gulf, and 154 m. S. E. Austin City. It is a flourishing village and euj"y3 considerable river trade. Pop. 360. Columbia, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : on the N. side of James r., where it is joined by the Eivannar., 49 m.W.N.W. Eichmond. Pop. 300. Columbia Centre, p. o., Licking co., Ohio: 33 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Columbia City, p. v., Clark co., Or^i/. Ter. : on the N. bank of Columbia r., 57 m. N. Salem. It has good prospects of becoming one of the commercial places of future Oregon. Columbia Cr.oss Eoads, p. o., Bradford co., re7m. : 122 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Columbia Furnace, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 112 ra. N. W. Eichmond. Columbia (or Okegon) river, Oreg. Ter, : is the great river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers of tlie territory, having their origin eastward of the ccast range of mountains. lis N. branch rises in the Eocky Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and 116^ W. long., and thence pursues a X. route to near M'Gillivray's Pass. Here the river is 3,600 feet above the sca-Ievel, and. receiving Canoe r., it then turns S., and in its course to Fort Colvillc it successively takes up the waters of numerous tributaries, the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, and P'lat Head or Clark's rivers. The Columbia is thus far surround- ed by high mountains, and often expands into a chain of lakes. At Cclville its elevation is 2,049 feet above the sea, having fallen 55G feet in 220 miles. To the S. of this point it tends to the W., receiving Spokan r. from the E. ; thence it pursues a W. course for GO m., and bending to the S., receives Okanagon r., which has its source in a line of lakes extensively s^usceptible of canoe navigation. The Columbia thenee passes S. until it reaches Wallawalla, in 45^ N. lat, and receives the Saptin or Lewis r. ; hero the elevation of the Columbia is l,2b6 feet, and its width about 3,500 feet. It now takes its last turn to the W., receiving the Umatilla, Quisnel's, Jolm Day's, and Chute rivers from the S., and Calhlatale's from the N., and jiursuiiig a rapid course for SO m., it passes tlie gorge of the Cascade Mountains in a series of falls and rapids, that form an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of boats, even in time of flood, and are overcome by portages. From this point there is still-water navigation for 40 miles, when rapids again interrupt free sailing, but hence to the ocean 120 miles, the river, though frequently obslrueled by bars, ia open U.^ vessels of less than 12 feet draft. \i\ this part of its course it receives the Willamelle r. from the S., and tho Cowlitz from the N. The Willamette is navigable for small vessels to within three miles of its falls. Within a distance of 20 miles fnmi iJie ocean, the Columbia is greatly increased in wi1. Capital: New Lisbon. Pithlk- Works : Ohio and Pennsylvania R.K.; Cleveland and Pitleburg E. E., etc. ; and the Sandy and Beaver Canal. Columbiana, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ala.: 7 m. W. of Coosa r., and 5S m. N. by W. Montgomery. CoLUMDTANA, p. T., Columbiana co., Ohio : on the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. li., 59 m. from Pittsburg and 182 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 600. Columbian Grove, p. o., Lunenburgh co., Virg.: 66 m. S. W. Richmond. Columbus county, N. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 530 sq. m. Drained by Lumber r. and its tributiu-ics, and in the S. and E. by White Marsh and Beaver creeks of "Waccomaw r. Surface low, and somewhat marshy. Soils good with some exceptions, producing corn, potatoes, and rice. Farms 399; manuf. 5; dwell. 777, and pop. — wh. 4,257, fr. cul. 149, si. 1,503— total 5,909. Capital: Whites- ville, PiihUc Works : Wilmington and Manchester R. R. Columbus, p. v., Hempstead co., Ark.: 122 m. S. W. Little Rock. Columbus, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the E. side of Suwanee r., immediately below the confluence of Witlila- coochee r., 64 ra. E. by S. Tallahassee. Columbus, p. v., and cap. Muscogee co,, Ga. : on the E. Bide of Cliattahoochce r., at the head of steam navigation, and immediately below the falls of the r., which have a descent of 111 feet in 3 miles, 113 ra. "W. by S. Milledgeville. It is 175 miles above the junction with Flint r., and 275 m. above Appalachicola Bay. Immediately below the falls the river has a \\idth of only IIS yarJs, but soon cxpanils to 250 yards wide. The site of the v. is 60 feet above the or- dinary height of the r., and covers 1,200 acres. Two streets running parallel with the r. N. and S., are 105 feet wide, and six others have a width of 132 feel; these are intersect- ed at right angles l>y twelve other streets, which are yo feet wide. It contiiins a C. IL, jail, several banks, a market- house, numerous churches, and about 2,400 dwellings; and it also has several large cotton mills, and woolen factories and flouring mills. It is one of the great eommercia! cen- tres of Georgia, and a depdt of a large extent of rich cotton country. The Muscogee K. R. terminates here, and extends hence to Macon, connecting with the Central R. R. to Savan- nah, and the Macon and Western R. R., etc., to Nashville and Knoxville, Tenn. ; from Gerard, on the opposite side of the river, a railroad is about to be built to Moljile. The bridge over the r. at this point cost $30,000. A large number of steamboats ply on the r, carrjing cotton, etc., to the sea- board and New Orleans; at all sfasons, boats drawing 5 feet of water ran come up to this place. Columbus is a v. of modem date, having been !aiii out in 1S2S ; its growth has been rapid— in 1940 it had 3,114 inhabitants, and in 1S50. about 5,942. It has three newspapers, the " C. Times," published tri-weekly and weekly, and the "C. Enquirer" anrl the "S'lUthern Sentinel," published weekly. CoMiMniTs, p. V,. and cap. Bartholomew co., bid. : on the E. bank of the E. fork of White r., immediately below the mouth of Flat Rock er.. i\ ra. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Its sit- uation is a flue one, on high ground overlooking the valleys of White r., Flat Rock cr, and Haw cr., which nearly sur- round it. The line of tho Madiaon and Indianapolis R. K. passes through the v., and here also is the N. terminus of the Jeffersonville R. R. It is a place of considerable inan- nfactures, and its trade and commerce, fostered by its am- ple facilities of transportation, are large and ever increasing. It has two newspapers, the "Spirit of the West'' (whig), and the " 0. Democrat," both issued weekly. Pop. about 1,008. Columbus, p. v., Adams co., HI. : on the Quincy and Columbus R. R., 80 ra. W. by N. Springfield, and 15 m. from Quincy, on the Mississippi r. Columbus, p. v., and cap. Hickman - ito! or State House, the Penitentiary, asylums severally for the insane, the deaf and dumb, and the blind ; several col- leges, seminaries, and numerous churches of all denomina- tions. The old State House was destroyed by fire on tho 1st Feb., 1S52, and in consequence a great number of documents illustrating the history of the State were lost, never to be restored. The new State House is one of the most magnificent buihiings in the Union. It is 304 feet long and 1S4 feet wide, covering an area of 55,936 square feet. The basement is 10 feet above the common surface ; the height of blocking course is 62 feet, and to iho top of the rotunda 157 feet, its diameter being 64 feet. Tho first floor contains 28 fire-proof rooms for the public ofiices; and the second floor contains the Hall of Representatives, which is 84 feet long and 72} feet wide, the Senate Cham- ber 56 feet by V2\ ; the Library, the U. S. Court room, and 26 committee rooms. The State Penitentiarj- is also a spa- cious and elegant edifice on the Scioto r., N.W. of the State House. It is a splendid building, of hewn limestone; the ccntri.' L9 56 feet long, 4 stories high, and the two wings eneh 200 feet long and 3 stories high. The private dwellings are generally neat, substantial, and many of them elegant. The avenues of travel and commerce connecting Colum- bus with other parts of the Stale and Union, are the National Road, a branch of the Ohio Canal, the Columbus and Xeuia COL CON E. E., the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. K., the Central Ohio E. E., etc. The railroads are the creations of the last ten years, and have been the cause of the extraor- diuary triplication of the populalitin in that period. As a conimcreial dep6t. the city has eminent facilities — as a central position, in regard in everj' portion of Ihe Slate, its location on one of the largest rivers,' nntl its grand works of internal improvement. It has numerous and extensive manufac- tures, and, on the whole, is one of the mopt prosperous among western cities. There are published within tho city two daily newspapers, both of which also issue tri-weekly and weekly editions ; four weekly, one semi-monthly, two monthly, and one occasional. The dailies are the "Ohio State Journal'' (whig), and the "Ohio Statesman" (dcm.) The weeklies are the "Ohio Standard" (whig), the " Dollar," and " Swan's Elevator'* (neutral), and "Per \Vestbote" (Germ.) The semi-monthly is the "Ohio Cultivator" (ain"ic.) The monthlies are the " '\\'e«toTn Lit- erary Magazine," and the '• Ark ;" and the " Conventional Eeporter" is published occasionally. CoLr-MBUs, t. and p. o., AVarron eo., Pcnn. : 1S9 m. N.'W. Harrisburg. Iron is manufactured in Iliis t. Pnp. 1.422. CoLUMBrs, p. v., Polk CO., Tenti. : on tho N. bank of the Hiwassee r., 1S3 m. S. E. by E. Nashville. Columbus, p. v., and cap. Colorado co.. 7Jv. ; on the "W. bank of Colorado r., &3 m. in a direct line S. E. from Austin Cily. The v. stands on a high bluff, forming part of a beautiful elevated prairie, surrounded by dense forests of cotton-wood, live-oak, etc. The population amounts to about COO. CoLUMnrs, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : on a branch of Eock r., 26 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. 960. CoLCMBVs CiTT, p. V., Louisn CO., fa. : on the "W. Ride of Iowa r., about 2 m. below the junction of Cedar r., 27 m. S. by E. Inwa City. Pop. 1.1?3. CoLVRi, p. v., and cap. Colusi co.. Cat//. : on the "W. side of Sacramento r., in the S. E. corner of the co., 80 ra. N. by E. Vallejo. Colusi county, Calif. Situate N. W., and contains 3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Sacramento r., which forms its E. border. Surface generally level— in the W. hilly and mountainous, being in that direction bounded by the coast range. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. — . and pop.— wh. 536, fr. col. 84— total 620. Capital: Colusi. Colvin's T.wern, p. 0., Culpepper co., Virg. : 77 m. N. N. W. Kichmond. O0.MAL county, Tex. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- tains 760 sq. ra. Drained centrally by creeks of the Eio Guadalupe, on the N. by Marten's Fork of Kio San Marcos, and in the P. "W. by Ihc Eio Cibolo, which bounds it in that direction. Surface mountainous, with the great Valley of the Gnadalupe intervening. Soils generally rich, and well cultivated in the Bctllements. The inhabitants are chiefiy Germans, whose habits of industry and thrift will be inval- uable to the State. Farms 55; manuf. S; dwell. 367, and pop.— wh. 1,G62, fr. col. 0, si. 61— total 1,723. Capital: Jstvf Braunfels. CoMAN'3 Well, p. o., Sussex co.. rir//.: 53 m. S. S. E. Eichmond. Formerly a noted watering place, it is now an almost deserted village. Comfort's, p. o., Jones co.. K Car. : 93 m. S. E. Eiileigh. CoMMACi! (Comae), p. v.. Suffolk co.. J\\ Y. : on the middle post road, 122 m. S. S. E. Albany. It coQtains about oO dwellings. Commerce;, t. and p. v., Oaklantl co., Jfich. : 52 ra. E. by S. Augusta. It contains numerous small lakes, some of which empty into the Rouge r.. and others through Clinton r. Tho V. is located on the S. side of Burt Lake. Pi)p. 1,423. CoMMBRCB, p. v.. Tunica co., ifiss. : on the E, bank of the Mississippi r., 168 m. N. by TV. Jackson. It was orig- inally designed for a l:u-ge cily, nnd the commercial marl of the back countrj*, to reach which a railroad was com- 10 menced, but abandoned. The place is now compoaed of a few dwellings. Commerce, p. v., Scott co., Mo. ; on the W. bank of tho Missiesippi, 12 m. below Cape Girardeau, and 173 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Its name is a misnomer. Commerce, p. v., Wilson co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Cumber- land r., S7 m. E. Nashville. CoMMEiTSDUEG, p. V., Washington co., Penn. : 191 m-W. Harrisburg. CoMo, p. o., Whitesidcs co., III. : on the N. side of Eock r., at the point where Elk Horn r. has its confluence, 186 m. N Springfield. CoMO, p. o., Henry co., Timn : 92 ra. W. by N. Nashville. CoMO, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. : 167 m. N. Jackson. CoMSTOOK, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both sides of Kalamazoo r., 34 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. It is a rich agricultural town. Tlie v. is situate on tho N. side of the r., and on the line of the Michigan Central E. E., 13T m. from Detroit, and 144 m. from Cliicago. Comstock'b Landing, p. o., Washfiigton co., ^. }'. .• 57 m. N. by E. Albany. CoNCHARDEE, p. Y., Talladega co., Ala. : 61 m. N. Montgomery. Concord, p. v., Snssex co., DH. : at the head of Broad cr., a tributary of Nanticoke r., 3S m. S. Dover. Concord, p. v., Morgan co.. III. : on the 8. of Indian cr., 4S m. W. Springfield. Concord, p. v., Baker co., Ga. : on the W. side of the Ichowaynochaway r., a tributarj' of Flint r., 132 m. S. W. Milledgeville. It lies on the Albany and Fort Gaines road. Concord, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. Wise. : on the B. of Eock r., 39 m. E. Madison. Concord, p. v., Tippecanoe co., ItuI. : on Wea cr. of Wabash r., 5 m. N. W. Indianapolis. CoNcoED, p. v., Louisa co., la. : on the E. side of Iowa r., 31 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Concord, p. v., iewis co., Kt/.: on the S. bank of the Ohio r., S9 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a church, 7 stores, and 160 inhabitants. Concord, t. and p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on the W. side of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. by W. Augusta. Pop. 550. Concord, t., p. v., and one of the capitals of Middlesex CO., Mass.: on both sides of Concord r., 17 m. W. N. "W. Boston. The t. has a soil of average fertility, and is well drained by the Asaabel and Sudbury rivers, which here unite, forming Concord r. The v. contains a C. li.. jail, sev- eral churches, and about 200 dwellings. Here, on the 19th April, 1775, was made the first foreiblc resistance to th« British power, and a handsome monument now marks tho spot wliere the first blno/).«.— Tobacco, 1.267,624 pounds; peas and beans, 19,090 bushels; Irish potatoes, 2.639.725 bushels; sweet potatoes, 8't bushels; hay, 516,131 tons; clover-seed, 1-3,841 bushels; other grass-seed, 16.603 bushels; hops. 55t pounds; flax, 17,9l'S p'rtinds; flax-seed. 7tl3 bushels; maple sugar, 50,796 pounds; molasses. 665 gallons; wine, 4,269 gallons, etc. The value of orchard prodncLs was $175,118, and of market-garden products, $196,374. Produit-tt of Animulft. — Wool, 497.454 pounds; butter, 6,49s,l 19 pounds; cheese. 5,363.277 pounds; and th'> value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $2,2u2,266. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 32S pounds, and beeswax and honey to that of 93.8(U pounds. irome-made Mannfacturen for the year ending 30th June, 1S50, were valued at $192,252. 3/r(7i«/tfc(!i(;vA\— Ajr(rrrgate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $o,noo.00<1; average number of hands employed. oo.OOf;* — males. OO.OiM\ and femali-s, 00,o<»0; average monthly cost of male lal>or, $00('.( 0'>, and of female labor, $00,01.10; aimual value of prmlucts, $00.00t),000. The whole number of manufitcturing Wtablishmcnla producing to the value of $500 and upward in 1850, was 3,913; and of these 128 were cotton factories, 148 CONNECTICUT. 149 woolen mills, and 91 iron houses, of which 60 manufactured castings, IS pig iron, and IS wrought iron. In the cvWm nmnufactures the capital invested amounted to $4,219, ItHl ; the cotton consumed in the year ending .50th .June was aO,4S:i bales, and [he value of all raw material, fuel, etc., was $2,.SIIU,(I6'2; h.-inds employed— 2,703 males, and 3,47S females; monthly cost of male labor, $51,679, and of female labor, $41,060; products for the year, 51,7SO,7oO yards of eheeting, etc., and 950.000 pounds of yarn — the aggregate value of products, $4,257,522. The capital invesletl in woolen manufactures wa-s $3,773,950; wool used. 9.414,100 pounds; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $8,325,70!); hands em- ployed — males, 2.907 (cost per month, $70,141), and females, 2,5S1 ($:J3.216); yards of cloth ninnulaelured in the year, 9,405,777, valued at $6,4(^5,216; and Ihe following table will exhibit the slate of the iron manufacturing interest; Sfienric; : tr. Capital invested dollars Iron ore used t^ms rig iron used *' Bkwms " — Old metal " — Mineral coal consumed " — C-oke and charcoal consumed bushels 2,870,000 Cnf.1 Irnn 225,600 5S0,SO0 . 85,400 — . Value of all raw material, etc dollars.. Hands employed, males number. " females " Average wages per month, males dollars. . . " " females.... " ... I'roducts in the J ear tons Aauual value of all products dollars. . . 11,396 837 T,5»2 80,600 2S9.226 351,3*9 14S 942 — 7 26.S0 27.02 — S.OO 1.842 11.210 415,600 981,400 v,„„sl,i l„. 529,500 7,0S1 1,644 5,0*2 733,600 863,730 874. 81.59 6,325 607,560 The total capital invested in the iron manufacture is thus, $1,335,900 : the value of raw material, fuel, etc., $999374 ; and the aimual value of products, $2,064,560. The remaining employments of the aggregate number (3,913) arc various, and embrace all descriptions of hardware, cutlery, fire-arms, powder, paper, boots and shoes, and other manufactures. Connecticut, indeed, manufactures every article known to conimerce and trade, from a needle or pin to the .steam-engine and locomotive — together valued as before set down. The manufacturing industry of the State, however, is not all repre- sented in the census, only establishments producing to the ^alue of $500 annually being those assessed ; but it is well known [hat there are thousands of small shops throughout the country, which, though not noticed by the census, never- tliclesa, in the aggregate, own a large capital, and produce to a large annual amount — perhaps, indeed, these unnoticed establishments, if aggregated, would add one-third to the apparent e.vtent of the manufacturing interest of the State. J'^oreiffn Cirjjn/ierfe.- — The direct foreign commerce of Connecticut, alihough the Slate enjoys many peculiar facilities for engaging in such, is comparatively of small extent. The exports in the year ending 80th .lime, 1850, were valued at $241,930, of which $663 was the value of re-exports; and the imports were valued at $872,390. This trade is chiefly with the British NorlU American Provinces and the West India Islands. The shipping employed in carrying the merchan- dise al'ove represented, consisted of vessels entered ISS (34.152 tons), and vessels cleared 156 (27,317 tons). The amount of shipping owned in the State at the above named period was 113,085 tons, of which 42,511 tons was of the class registered, 6S,1SS tons enrolled and licensed, and the remainder vessels under 20 tons burden. Of the registered shipping, 11.433 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and 31,023 tons in foreign commerce ; and of the enrolled and licensed shipping, 5,249 tons were employed in the coil fisheries, and 571 tons in the mackerel fisheries; the remaining enrolled, etc., shipping being emjiloyed in the coasting trade. The fisheries are carried on from the ports of New London and Stonington. The steam marine of the Slate, all of which is employed in coasting, amounted to 8.4,55 tons. The shipping built in the year was 8 ships, 7 brigs, 27 schooners. 9 sloops, and 1 steamer — in all, 4,819 tons. The following table will exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State from 1791 to 1S50 : Years. Espiirt\ Imporu, 1791 $710,8f.3 $ 1792 879,753 1793 770,255 1794 812.765 . 1795 819,465 1796 1,452,793 1797 814,506 1793 768,123 1799 1,143,818 . 1800 1,114,748 1801 1.446.216 1S02.... 1303.... 1S04.... 1805.... 1806.... 1607.... ISOS.... 1809.... 1810.... .. 1,606,309 .. l,2S4,,'i71 . . 1,516,110 .. 1,44:!,72T .. 1,715,323 . . 1,624,727 , . 413,691 .. 600,513 . . "6S,613 Tenra. Eiporti. Iir 1811 $1,0;W,854 $- 780,805 974,303 1,043,186 833,135 593,806 604,139 1812. 1S13. 1S14. 1815. 1S16. 1817. 1318 677,.'j64 1819 43-i,f*4 1820. 1821. 1S22. 1823. 1824. 1825. 1S26. 1827. 1828. 1829. 1850. 421,931 376,187 312. 48.5.312 507, 4^2,061 456, 675,852 681, 689.270 707, 703,893 736, 690,275 630,1 621,545 486, 4^7,970 309 3«9,511 269, Year^. FiTporU. In,ports, 1&31 $4S2,S38 $405,066 1832 4.30,466 437,715 1S38 427,603 852,014 13.34 422,41 6 836,720 1,885 612.970 439,603 1836 4:33,199 463,168 1887 fj32,590 313,849 1333 613,610 84.3,331 1S39 .Vi3.226 440,191 1840 613,210 277,072 1341 609,848 295,989 1842 832.,392 835.707 184;! 807,223 2.30,841 1344 800,016 323,299 1845 969,055 372,075 1346 775.913 418,478 1847 699,492 27.5,823 1843 601,064 229,310 14'<9 264,000 234,743 1350 241,930 372,390 Int^nml Communication. — The lines of travel and transportation in Connecticut extend — east and west directly through Ihelenglh of the State, having their termini at New York and at Boston, and— north and south, siretching from tlie ports on Long Island Sound, across the country into Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and ultimately to the Western States, and also into Canada. The connections thus formed extend several thousands of miles, 149 CONNECTICUT. and afford easy and expoditious routes of communication between the interior and sea-board. There are two lines of radroad running in a direction eaat and west— the line composed of the New York and New Haven It. U., and the New Ilavcn and New Ixjudon E. K., which, in connection with the Stoniogton U. li., and also with tlie Norwich and "SVorcoater It. R., forms the Southern route between the two commercial centres, Boston and New York ; and the Hartford, ProTidence, and FishkillE. K., which will form a direct line through the middle section of the SVatt-, from Providence, £. I., to Fishkill on the Hudson Kircr, opposite the east terminus of the Erie K. Ji. The lines running north from the Sound ports are— the Norwich and Worcester K. R. ; the New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. ; the New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield E. R. ; the New Haven and Northampton E. R, (on the old canal route) ; the Naugatuck R. K. ; the Housatonic R. R., and the Danbury and Norwalk li. K. There are also several additional railroads in progress or projected ; one of which, and the moet impoi'tant, is that designed to effect an air line route between New York and Boston. The common and turnpike roads of Iho State are proverbially good and well kept. The only canal of any length the State ever possessed, Iho Farmiugton Canal, has been flUcd in, and now forms tho bed of the New Ilaveu and Northampton R. R. MajiJcs, etc. — In April, 1S50, there were in the State 41 banks and 2 branch bauks, the condition of which at that dat© was as follows: ZiaiiV/fi^s— capital, $9,007,503; circulation, $5,253,S.S4; deposits, 12,357,939; due other banks, $46S,76S; dividends unpaid, |37,372 ; surplus fund, t~5S,G^ ; earnings since dividend, $304,396, and other liabilities, $3S,961 ; and Assets— loans and discounts. $15,607,815; real estate, $8S9,9S3; other investments. ^396,035; duo by other banks and brokers, $1,637,411 ; notes of the banks, $245,349 ; specie flmds, $103.614 ; specie, $640,622, and expenses since dividend, 151^878. Total of balance sheet, $19,122,2^)7. Connecticut had also 15 savings' banks, in which $4,746,692 was dep«?sited by 82,966 individual depositors : tho sums deposited in 1&49-50 amounted to $1,051,300, and the suras withdrawn to $719,598. The aggregate expense of managing these institutions was $10,SS7 ; and the dividends made on sums deposited ranged from 5 to 7^ per centum. The securities on which tho credits are based are loans on real and pefsonal estate and stocks, and investments in bank stocks and bonds, etc. The Insurance Companies in the State comprised — 3 general stock companies, with an aggregate of capitals amounting to $l,400,0i)0; fll mutual general companiea — capitals, $1,4S7,025; 6 life mutual companies — capitals, $1,400,000; 2 health companies — capitals, $203,175; and 1 life and health company— capital, $HXl,000. Government. — The charter granted in 1662, by Charles II., formod tho basis of the government until 1S13, when the present constitution was formed. Every white male citizen of the United States, 2t years of age, who has gained a settlement In the State, has resided six months in his town, is possessed of a freehold of $7 a year in value, or has done military duty for one year, or haa been excused therefrom, or has paid a State tax within the year, and who htts a good moral character, may vote at all elections on taking the oath. Every voter is eligible to any oflScc, unless it bo expressly excepted. The general election is held on the first Monday of April annually. The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate is not to consist of less than 13 nor more than 23 members — senators are chosen by districts of equal population, and by a plurality of votes, and in case any two candidates have an equal and highest vote, then the House of Representatives shall elect one of them. Representatives are chosen by towns, and in the same manner as senators; but in case of no candidate receiving a highest vote, the Senate chooses one aa member from the two candidates having the highest. The legislature meets alternately at Hartford and New Haven, on the first Monday in May, yearly. The Governor exercises the chief executive power. He must be at least 30 years of ago and have been elected by a majority of votes, and in case there be no choice by the people, one of tho two candidates having tho highest vote is chosen by tho General Assembly on joint ballot. The Governor has power to grant reprieves, except in cases of Impeachment, but not pardons ; and he may veto a bill, but a majority of both houses may pass it again, and it becomes law nevertheless. A Lieutenant-Governor {exrofficio President of Senate), Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller are chosen in the same manner as the Governor. All these ofllicers are elected annuaUy. Connecticut, under the law relative to the distribution of representives, has four members in Congress. The Judiciarj' of the State consists of a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, County Ceurts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a chief and four associate Justices, and meets annually in each county. The Superior Court is held by one judge of the Superior Court semi-annually in each county. County Courts are held three times eflch year in the several counties by a judge elected annually by the legislature. Appeal lies from the County Courts to the Superior Court. Clerks of the County Courts are likewise clerks of tho Superior Court and Supremo Court in their counties respectively. In all cases of libel, truth may be given in evidence. Sheriffs are chosen by the Assembly, and hold office for three years. Finances, (rff.— During the year ending 1st April, 1S50. the total receipts into the public treasury amounted to $122,347, and the expenditures to $113,392, leaving a balance of $3,955. Tho chief sources of income were, from taxes, $78,567; from dividends on bank stock, $37,053, etc. The principal expenses were, tho expenses of legislation, $25,9S6 ; salaries, $14.150 : contingent expenses of government. $15,399 ; judicial expenses, $49,002, etc, Connecticut has no absolute debt. The contingent debt amounted to $53,212. The value of property belonging to tho State othenrise than the School Fund, amounts to $406,000. lidigious Denominations. — The statistics of tho principal religious denominations, according to the returns made by each in 1850, were as follows : The Congregationalists had 267 churches, 206 ministers, and S5,15S commuutcants ; tlio Baptists had 111 churches, S9 ministers, and 16.230 communicants ; the Protestant Episcopalians had a bishop, and IOC ministers, and 9,360 communicants; the Episcopal Methodists had 143 ministers, and the other Methodist churches S ministers; the Presbyterians, 5 ministers; the Unitarians, 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, a bishop and 9 priests; the UniversaUsts, 14 preachers; the Second Advent Church, S ministers; the Christians, par exceOetux^ 5 ministers; (io Free-Will Baplisrs. 1 minister; the Jews had 2 synagogues and 1 rabbi. Etlu-cattojuil Stu/i-KtiK'n.— The. number of common school societies in the State on the 1st April, 1S50, was 917; of school dislricLs, 1,649, and of children bi^twecn 4 and 16 years of age, 92,035. The value of the School Fund, 2d SepL, as appears from the biennial exhibit, was $3,076,6i>2 "5; and tho amount of dividend for 1S50 was $137,449 51, or $1 50 for every enumerated child. The returns do not give the number of teachers, or their wages, or the time during which schools are open, ut ■ nly the information above indicated. The Legislature, at tho session of 1S4D, appropriated $10,000 for Ih Bla lishinent of a Stat^ Kormal School, which is under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the General Assembly, one from each county. The collegiate establishments of tlie State are: Tale College, Trinity College, ttio Wesleyan University, and tho Theological Institute, Talo College is one of tho oldest, most richly endowed, ami 150 CON CON most extensively usoful institutions of learning in tlie Fnitod States. It was founded in 1701 by the gentleman whose name it perpetuates. In 1S50 it had in the academical department 432 etudcnta, of which 93 were of the senior class, 91 of the junior cla&s, 123 of the sophomore class, and 136 uf the freshman chies — total, 4o"2 ; and the number of students in thetilogy was 3S, in law 26, in medicine 3S, and in philosophy and the arts 21 — total in professions and the arta, 123. Grand total, 655. From 1702 to 1S50, the number of graduates had been 5,5>32, of which 2,963 were living; and of the total 1,562 had been ministers of the gospel, of whom 724 were living in 1S50. The library of Yale CnUege contains 49,000 volumes. Trinity College, an Episcopal institution, is located at Hartford. It was founded in 1324, and in 1S50 had 9 professors, 66 students, and a library of 9,000 volumes. Its alumni counted at the latter dale 257, of wliich 117 had taken holy orders. The Wesleyan University, at Middletown, was foimded in 1S31, and in 1S50 had S profL-ssoi-a. 125 etudents, and a library of 11,123 volumes. Since its commencement it had graduated 827 students, and of these 12C had gone int.!! the ministry. At Hartford is the Theological Institution of Connecticut, an establishment unurishing condition, with considerable commerce and inland trade. Fop. oft. 1,494. Constitution, p. v., Washington co., Ohw. Content, p. o., Bulwer co., Miss.: 123 m. N. N. W. Jackson. 162 Contentnia, p. o., Pitt CO., 2i. Car.: on Conlentnia cr., a tributary of Neuse r., 74 m. E. S. E. Kaleigh. Coxtoocook Village, p. v., Morrimac co., X. ffatnp.: on Conloocoii'k r., and on the line of the Concord and Clare- niont II. R., at the point of divergence of the Contoocook Valley R. R., 10 m. from Concord. The water-power is here extensive, and a large manufacturing v. ha.-* sprung up within a few years under the favoring influence' of direet railroad connection with Boston and other parts of New England, etc. Tlie Contoocook r. is a tributary of the Mer- riuiac r., which it joins on the N. line of Concord. Contra Costa county, CnUf. Situate W., and contains 1,6'>0 sq. m. On the W. and N., San Francisco Bay and its tributary rivers demark its bounds and receive its drainage. Surface numulHinous, with extensive valle\8, the coast range passing Ihri-mgh it. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. — , and pop.— wh. 2.4S7 fr. col. 299— total 2,786. Capital : Mar- ti nez. CoNTRERAS, p. V., EuUef CO., Ohio : 94 m. W. S. W. Columbus. CoNTENiENCE, p. V., Fayctto CO., Ohio: on tlie S. W. side of the N. Branch of Paint cr., 37 m. S. by W. Columbus. Convenient, p. v., Smith co., Tenn. : 49 m. E. by N. Nashville. Convent, p. o., St. James par., Za.: 37 m. S. S. E, Baton Rouge. Conway county, A}k. Situate centrally, and contains 1,S60 sq. m. Drained by Cadron, Point Remove, and other creeks of Arkansas r., which washes its S. W. border. The surface is somewhat hilly and broken, but the soils have an average productiveness, and yield good crops, Indian corn, etc. Farms 3S7 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 59,% and pop.^ wL. 3,339, fr. col. 4, si. 240— total 3,583. Capital: Lewis- burg. Conway, t. and p. v., Franklin co,, Mass. : on the S. W. side of Deerflcld r., 92 ra. W. by N. Boston. Tlic p. o. lies near the centre of tlie t. The manufactures of Conway consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, cabinet ware, etc. It has flue farming lands. Pop. 1,S31. Conway, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : in the S. W. part of the co., 110 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The t. is drained by Molenoas cr., a tributary of Matawamkeag r., and by several streams tributaries of t!ie Penobscot. Conway, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich.: in Ihc N. W. corner of the co., 24 m. E. Lansing. Conway, t. and p. v., Carroll co., A'. Ilamp.: on Saco r., 56 m. N. N. W. Concord. Swift and Pcquawkett rivers fall into the Saco within this t., and afford extensive mill- power. The ordinary depth of the Saco is here about 3 feet, with a rapid current, broken by falls, but in season of flood it has been known to rise 27 and even 30 feet iu 24 hours. Magnesia and fuller's earth are abundant, and near the centre of the t. is a sulphur spring. Tlie soils are very fertile. Conway village is a pleasant resort for travelers to the White Mount;iins, and will, before long, be connected with the railroads to Boston by the Great Falls and Con- way R. R. Pop. 1,769. Conwayborougii, p. v., and cap. Horry dist.. S. Car. : 103 m. E. by S. Columbia, on the W. side of Waccamaw r., which thus far is navigable for steamboats. The v. eon- tains the county buildings and about 200 iniiabitants, and has some trade with the neighboring settlements. CoNYER'a, p. 0., Newton co., 6a. : on the line of Iho Georgia R. R., 141 m. from Augusta and SO from Atlanta, and 62 m. N. W. Milledgeville. CoNVERSviLLE, p. V., Ilcnrj CO., Tenn,.: 89 m. W. Nashville. CoNYNGiiAM, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 69 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Coocn's BRtnuE, p. o.. New Castle co., Dei. Cook coimty, IU. Situate in the N. E., on Lake Mich- igan, and contains SS6 sq. m. Drained by Calumio, C-hicago and Dcsplaincs rivers. Surface low, level prairie, with coo coo timber groves and some swamps ; rises from the lake shore. Soils fertile. Farms 1,S57 ; manuf. 227; dwell. 7,674, and pop.— ivh. 42,999, fr. col. SS6— total 48,3S5. Capital: Chi- cago. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. 11. ; Chicago and Tock Island E. R. ; Aurora Extension K. K. ; Chicjigo and Mississippi K. K. ; Northern Indiana K. E. ; I-al;e Shore E. K. ; Chicago Branch of Central K. E., etc. ; IHiuois and Michigan Canal ; and numerous plank roads. Cook. p. r., Erie co., Penn, : 205 m. N. W. Harrisburg. C^: Pacific!:. R. CoovER, t. and p. v., Washington co.. JA'. .■ 127 m. E. N. E. I Augusta. It is drained by two small lakes and several 1 streams emptying into Cobscook Bay. The surface is even and the soils productive. Pop. 562. Cooper, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : 78 m. N. E. Columbus. Cooper, I. and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both sides of Kalamazoo r., 56 m. W. S. W. Lansing, Pop. 73-3' Cooper river, S. Car.: unites Tiith Ashley r. to form Charleston Harbor, entering it on the E. side of the city. A canal, 21 m. long, unites Cooper with the Sanlec, and thus opens an extensive interior to Charleston, Cooper's, p. o., Franklin co., Vii-g.: 133 m. W. S. W. Richraond, CoopBRSBUEG, p. V., Lehigh co., Peini. : S7 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Cooper's Gap, p. o., Rutherford co., 3"", Car.: 200 m, W. by S. Raleigh, Cooper's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co., Jfc. ; on the Kennebec r., 13 m. S. Augusta. Cooper's Plains, p. v., Steuben co.. A''. }'. ; on the Buf- falo. Corning, and New Tork E. R., 3 ra. from Painted Post and 16S m. W, by S. Albany. CoopEBSTowN, p, v., and cap. Otsego co., A'. Y. : at the outlet of Otsego Lake, 5S m. W. Albany. It is a neat and tastefully built village, and is surrounded by scenery not excelled by any in central New York for beauty. Three newspapers, the "Freeman's Journal" (dem.), the " (ttsego Republican"' ^whig"), and the "Otsego Democrat" (dcm,), are published weekly. The manufacluring interest is con- siderable, cotton goool. CoRisTu, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : 110 m. E. Columbus. C^iBJ-NT^, L and p. o., Orange co., Venn. : 'IS m. S. E. Montpelior. The t. Is drained by branches of Wail's r., which furnishes water-power, which is usod for milling purposes. Pop. 1.906. CoRMsn. U and p. o., Sullivan eo., X. Ilamp. : on the E. side of Connecticut r., 47 m. N. W. by W. Concord. The t is conuect:)ve the other, the first three being 400 feet wide, and the last about 1.000 feet ; and the streets are at right angles with one anollier. dividing the v. into 36 blocks of 400 feet square, and each block into 3 Iota. The v., however, has expanded much beyond these original bounds, and the surrounding countrj' is thickly settled. It contains a brick court house^ several churches, mills, and factories, propelled by both steam and water. Two newspapers, the '■ C. Kepublicau" (whig) and the " C. Democrat"' (dem.), are published week- ly, and the " Practical Preacher.'' a religious paper, is pub- lished semi-monthly. Pop. s50. The Wallionding and Ohio Canal form a junction on the opposite side of the river. CostTMNT-s river, CaUf. : rises from the Sierra Nevada, in El Dorado co., and passes thence in a direction W. S. W. into Sacramento co., in its lower part, dividing it from San Joaquin co., and then falling into San Joaquin r., 12 m^ from its mouth. Cote Sans Dessein, p. o., Callaway co., 3/o. : on the N bank of Missouri r., opposite the mouth of Osage r.. 11 m. E. by N. Jeflerson City. It is an old French settlement, and derives fts name from its location on an isolated hill on the margin of the river. CoTiLE, p. o., Rapides par.. La. : near Cotile Lake, 108 m. W. N. W. Baton Rouge. CoTOMA, p. v., Montgomery co., Ala. : on Cotoma cr., 12 m. S. Montgomery. CoTOSA, p. v., Walker co., Ga.: 182 m. N. W. MiUedge- Yille. Cottage, p. o., Huntingdon co., Fenyi. : 63 m. W. Har- risburg. Cottage, p. o., Montgomery co., Md. : 36 m. W. Anna- polis. It is the p. o. for Leesborough, a v. on the Wash- ington and Rockvillc turnpike, 9 m. from the former. This v. has 3 churches— 1 Catholic, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Method- ist—and about StX) inhabitants : it has also 5 water mills and 1 steam saw mill. Cottage Geove, p. o., Washington co., Minn. Ter.: 22 m. N. E. St Paul. CoiTAGK Gbove, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. : 13 m. E. by S. Madison. The v. lies on a branch of Cat-flsh r. Pop. of the t inlS50, 7S5. Cottage Gbote, p. c, Union co., Ind. : &3 m. E. by S. IndianajKilis. Cottage Hill, p. o., Dupage co., III. : on the line of the Galena and Chicago Fnion R. R., 16 m. W. Chicago, and 162 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Cottage Hill, p. o., Lauderdale co,, Tenn. : 163 m. W. by S. Nash\ille. Cottage Hill, p. o., St. Joseph eo., Ind.: 162 m. N. Indianapolis. Cottage Home, p. o., Harford co., Md. : on Deer cr., S m. 155 COT GOV N. W. Bel- Air. The Greal Rocks of Deer cr., 2 ra. W.. are remarkable for tlieir height and Uic mmantic sccntry of their vicinily. Iron orc3 and »)tlier minerals abound, and the neighboring lands are conceded to be Ibe best ia the county. Cottage Home, p. o., Lincoln co., JVI Car. : 143 m. ■\V. by N. Kalcigh. Cottage Inn, p. o., La Fayette co., Wiac. : 49 m. S. W. Madison. CoTTLKTTLLR, p. o., St. Charlcs CO., Mb. : on the N. side of Missouri r., SS m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Cotton Gin Port. p. o., Monroe co., ^fiss. : on the E. side of Tombigbee r., immediately below the junction of its E. and \V. forks, and at the head of navigation, 152 m. N. E. Jackson. Cotton Grove, p. o., Davidson co.. A' Car. : 102 m. "W. Kaleigh. Cotton Grove, p. o., Pontotoc co., Miss. : 157 ro. N, N. E. Jackson. Cotton Grove, p. c, Madison co., Tenn. : 123 m. "W. S.W. Nashville. C'"'Tton Hill, p. o., Randolph co., Ga. : between Palala and Jumma creeks of Chattahoochee r., and on the line of the Soulh-Westcrn R. R., 1'3 m. from Fort Gaines, and 138 m. S. W. Millfdgeville. Cotton Plant, p. o., Tippah co., Mi.-is. : 102 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Cotton Plant, p. o., Rusk co., Tecc. : 236 m. N. E. Austin City. Cotton Ridge, p. o., Itawamba co., Miss. : 163 m. N. E. Jackson. Cotton Yalle¥, p. c, Macon co., Ala. : 83 m. E. Montgomery. CoTToxviLLE, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : 142 m. N. Montgonierj". CoTTONviLLE, p. V., Jackson CO., 7(7. ; between two creeks of Makoqueta r,. and about 11 m. N. of that stream; 56 m. N. E. Iowa City. Cottonwood, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 172 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Cottonwood creek, Shaste co.. Call/.: a tributary of the Sacramento r. from the Coast P.anis-? of mountains. Cottkkllvili-e, t. an, P/ao. Coventry, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Venn.: at the head of Lake Memphrcmagtig. 46 m. N. N. E. Monlpelier. It is drained by Black and Barlon rivers, which empty into this lake, and furnish good mill-power. The soil is generally a rieh. deep loam, and very fertile. Pup. 867. CovKNTi'.YViLLE, p. V., Clienaugo CO., A"", y. : 93 m. S. W. Albimy. CuVKF.T. t. and p. v., Seneca eo.. A'. 3'." on the W. sido of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. \V. Albiiny. The surface is high nnd Ii'vcl, and is drained by numerous crtH."ks falling into the lake. The v. is a small a^rit-ult. Bettli-menU P. 2 253. Covesville, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 72 m. \V. by N. Riclmiond. The Virginia Central li. R. passes through tliQ village. CuvrsviLLE, p. v., Monroe co., 7V«». ; 97 m. N. E. Harrisburg. CnvisviLLi:, p. v., Saratoga co., 31 }'. ; 23 m. N. by E. Albany. Covington county, Ala. Situate S., and contains 1.153 sq. m. Drained by Conecuh r. and Yellow Water r. and their tributary creeks. Surface low, but diversified, and soils not the most fertile. The products are cotton, corn, and rice, the latter in small quantity. Farms 13S; manuf6; dwell. 503, and pop.— wh. 3,077, fr. col. SS, si. 480— total 3,645. Capital : Andalusia. CoviNcTON county, .Vm. Situate S. ccntrnlly, and con- tains 486 sq. m. Drained by the head creeks of Leaf r., a tributary of Pasoagoula r. Surface level, and llie soils light and sterile, but with great exceptions. Cotton, corn, and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 272; manuf. 5; dwell. 848, and pop.— wh. 2,222, (t. col. 2, s!. 1,114— tola] 8,338. Capitiil : ■\Villiamsburg. Co\TNGTON, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Ga.: on the E. cov cox side of and Si m. from Yellow r., a constituent of the Okmulgee r., M m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Georgia E. 11. passes through the t. 130 ni. Irom Augusta, and 4t ID. from Atlanta. It is a considerable place, and contains the 00. offices, 4 churches, and many handsome buildings. It has also a respectable academy, and 3 m. N., at Oxford, is Emory College, a Methodist institution. Covington, p. t., and cap. Fuuutain co., Ind.: on the E. side of Wabash r., 73 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. The Wabasli and Y.t\e Canal passes through the place, and since its completion in 1S47, a great increase in tlie trade of the T. has resulted. A newspaper, the " People's Friend'\dera.), ia published weekly. Top. 1,6(10. Covington, p. city, Kenton co,, Kif. : on the "W. side of Licking r., on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, 60 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. It is built on a beautiful plain, most of which Is atwve high-water mark; and the streets are so arranged as to appear from the liills back of Cincinnati as a continua- tion of that city. Newport lies on the nppoBite side of the Licking. It is connected with Cincinnati by a steam ferry. Covington is a highly flourishing place, and is destined to become a large city. It contains a city hall, S churches, a theological seminary, belonging to the IJaptista; 70 or SO stor^.S 35 tobacco factories, 3 rope-walks, a rnlling-mill, and numerous other manufacturing establishments. About a mile back from the city is Linden Grove, a beautiful rural a^metcry, and 4 m. in the interior are Latonian Springs, a very fashionable and pleasant resort in the summer season. Two weekly newspiipcrs, the "Democratic Union," and the "C. Journal" (whig), are published here; and also a monthly literary paper, called the *' C. Gazette." From Covington, railroads are in course of constructioTi to Louis- ville, Lexington, etc., which will form the connecting links between the systn'nis of railroads already built, or being built on all sides S. of the Ohio, and those of Ohio and the other Western States. Fop. about 10,OCS. Covington, p. v.. liichmond co., X. Car. : on the W. side of Mountain cr. of Yadkin r., 12 m. S. W. Kaleigli. Covington, p. v., and cap. St. Tammany par., La.: on the W. side of Bogue Fallia, a small stream emptying into Lake Fontcharlrain, 04 m. E. Baton Kouge. Covington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co.. K. Y. : 20S m.W. Albany. Surface rolling, and drained by AlK-n's cr. The V. is a small eeitlement of 2rj or 30 dwellings. Covington, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on the E. bank of Stillwater r., nearly opposite and a little S. of the mouth of Greenville cr., 71 m. W. by N. Columbus. The site is 60 feet above the ordinary water level of the river, and the v. contains several stones and mechanic shops, with about 600 inhabitants. Pop. in 1S50 451. Covington, p. v., Tioga co., Penn. : on a branch of Tioga cr., and on the line of the Coming and Blossbiirg U. B.. 10 m. N.of Blopsburg, ami l'r7 X. by W. Ilarrisburg. Pop, 133. Covington, p. v., and cap. Tipton co., 'feiin. : on a branch of Big Ilatchee r., IS m. E. of the Mississippi, and 173 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. It stands on a beautiful elevated country, and is surrounded with a highly cultivated and fertile region. It contains a neat court-house, about 120 buildings, and 600 inhabitants. Covington, p. v.. and cap, Alleghany co., Virg.: on the N.side of James r.,al the confluence of .Ia<'kson's and Pott's creeks, being the liead of navigation. Its situation, in the midst of mountain scenery, is beautiful and healthy. The V. has several manufactures and mechanic trades, and iathe commercial dep6t for an extensive intraniontane region. Pop. about 500. The ]trojeotcd li. B. from Lynchburg to the Ohio r. at Guyandolte. will pass through it. CowAN*8 Ford. p. o., Mechleuburgh co., K Car.: 132 m. W. S. W. Baleigh. CowASSviLLK. p. o., Howan co., K. Car. : 102 m.W. by 9. Baleigh. CowANfivn-LE, p. T.. Armstrong co,, Penn. : 152 m. W. N. W. Uarriaburg. Cow bay, Queens co.. N. Y. : is an arm of Long Island Sound, extending inland about 5 m.. and navigable for steamboats. It is surroundt-d by higlily cultiTated farma and country villas. It is in tlie t. of North Hempstead. Coir Cbeee, p. o.. Saline co., Mo. : Ti. m. N.W. Jefferson City. Cow creek, Bhaste co., Calif.: a tributary of the Sacra- mento r., from the Sierra KeTada. Cow DE158 pout, p. v., and cap. Potter co., Penn. : on the N. side of Alleghany r., 123 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It ia a thriving v., and has 300 inhabitants. Coweta county, Ga. Situate W., and contains 532 sq. m. Drained by Cedar cr. and New r. of ChattahcHjchee r., wliich forms its N. W. border, and by tributaries of Flint r., which washes it on the K. border ; surface uneven and woode^l ; foils generally g-estillb, p. v., Preston co., Virg. : 183 m. N. W. Richmond. Ceavkn county, A^ Oar. Situate 3. E., and contalm 990 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Nense r., which passes through the co., and enters a wide estuary which connects it with Pamlico Bound. Surface generally level — in some parta marshy, t-oils fertile. Indian corn, potatoes, rlco, and collon arc produced, and an immense amount of tar, pitch, and turpentine manufactured. Farms 88S ; manut 67 ; dwoU. 1,842, and pop.— wh. 7,223, fr. col. 1,586, b1. 5,951 —total 14,709. Capital : Newbem (New Berne). Ceaby's Mills, p. o., SL Lawrence eo.. A' >' Ceavensvillb, p. v., Daviess co.. Mo. : on the N. E. aid© of Grand r., 186 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Crawford county, Perm. Situate in N.W., and contain* 1,016 sq. m. Drained by French cr. and its branches, and by Shenango cr. Oil or., a tributary of the Alleghany r., affords bituminous oil, which is valuable in pharmacy. Sun face moderately undulating and well wtal 7,900. Capital : Van Buren. Public Works : A railroad contemplated from the Mississippi r. to this point. Crawford county, Oa. Situate W. centrally, and eoi>. tains SS2 sq. m. Drained chiefiy by tributaries of Flint r., which forms its 8. W. border ; the Echeconno, a tributary of Ocraulgee r., nms on Its E. border. Surface generally level. Soils sandy, and not of average fertility. The chief products are cotton and Indian com. Farms 445 ; manut 5.; dweU, 754, and pop.— wh. 4,842, fr. col. 13, si. 4,629— total 8,984. Capiixil: Knoxville. Public Worka: Muscv gee R. R. Crawford county, lU. Situate S. E., on the "W. side of Wabash r., and contains 468 sq. m. Drained by Embar- ras r., and tributaries of the Wabash. Surface varied — chiefly rich rolling prairie, producing largely, and feeding large amounts of live-stock. Farms 542; manuf. 0; dwelL 1,192, and pop.— wh. T,11S, fr. col. 17— total 7,185. Capital: Robinson. C'l'AWFORD county, Ind. Situate S., and contains 820 eq. m. Surface uneven and broken, and the soil, except near the river?, indifferent. Oaks and poplars are tlie prevailing timbers. Coal and iron abound in the W. districts. The Great Blue r. washes the E. borders, and Oil cr. drains the interior. Farms 540; manuf. S3; dwell. 1,027, aud pop. — wh. 6,523, fr. col. 1— total , and the " Montgomery Review" (dem.), are issued weotly. Pop. 2,400. Cbawfoepsvillk, p. v., Waahington co., la. : 2S m. 9. S. W. Iowa City. Ceawtobdsville, p. v., Spartanbnrgh diat, S. Car. : 103 m. N. W. Columbia, Cratton-ville, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car.: 118 m. W. by N. Columbia. Cbeacdtille, p. 0., Johnson co., N. Ceen In vain, as, by a recent agreement with the chiefe who lately visited the seat of government h:> pay their re- spects to the President, they will remove forthwith. It ia supposed that 300 of the nation still reside In the fastnesses of the Florida peninsula. The number in the west of the Mississippi is estimated at 24,000. Creeiaruegh, p. v., Russell co., Ki/. : 93 m. 8. by W. Frankfort. CBE8CENT, P.O., Lycomiug CO., Penn.: S3 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Crescent City, p. v., Tuolumne co., Call/. : on the 9. side ofTuolumnor., 10 m. from ita entrance into the San Joaquin r, and SI m. 9. E. Vallejo. Crete, p. o.. WiU co., III. : 139 m. N. E. Springfleld. Cbeve C(Eub. p. o., St. Louis co.. Mo.: on Creve Cceur Lake, 92 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. The lake communi- cates with Missouri r. through a short, narrow passage. Ceichton's Store, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg. : 62 m. S. by W. Richmond. CiUGLERavnLLE, p. V., Madlson co., Virg. : 76 m. N. N.W. Richmond. CRirrLE Ceeek, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : on a cr. of Reedy r., a tributary of the Saluda r. so called, 92 m- N.W. Columbia. Ceipplk Dekb, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 213 m. N. E. Jackson. Cetsp Peaieie, p. o., Dade co., Mo. : lOG m. S.W. Jeffer- son City. It ia located on a line elevated prairie E. of Sac r., and drained by its branches. CniTTENDEN couuty. Ark. Situate between the Mississippi and St. Francois rivers, and contains 1,950 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, sluices, and bayoiix falling into the bor- der rivers. Surface level, and subject to partial inundations. Soil, when sufUciontly elevated for culture, highly fertile Farms 192; mannf. 0; dwell. 860. and pop.— wh. 1,842, fr. col. 5, si. SOI— total 2,643. Capital : Marion. CRnTENi>ES county, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 460 sq. m. Drained by several streams, tributaries of the Ohio and the Cumberiand, the former of which washes its N. border, and the latter its S. W. border. The surface is generally level or undulating, and the soils of an average productiveness. Indian com, wheat, and oats are largely grown, and tobacco forms one of its great staples. Farms 662; manuf. 13; dwell. 073, and pop.— wh. 5,474, fr. coL 29, si. S43— lotjil 6,351. Chpilal: Marion. Crutespen, p. v., Erie co., K Y. : 266 m. W. AV bany. 159 CRT CRO Crittenden, p. v., Grant co., Ky. : 43 m. N. by E. Frankfurt. Crittkndbn, p. v., noward co., Iiul. : 49 m. N. ladian- xpolls. Ceittenden, p. v., DaTiees •o., Mo. : 136 m. N. 'W. Jefferson City. Crockbrstillh, p. c, Genesee co., Mich.: 49 m. N. E. Lansing. Cbockbrt Cbbek, t, and p. o., Ottawa co., Mir7i. : on the N. side of Grand r., 8 ni. from its entrance into Lake Michigan. The p. o. is on Crockery cr., which drains the E. half of the t. and aETorda water-power. Pop. 247. CaocKETT, p. v., and cap. liouston co., lex.: on the oUl military road between Bastrop and Nacogdoches, 163 m. E. N. E. Austin City. The v. is beautifully situate on an elevated prairie, gradually declining to Trinity r. on the W.. and Neches r. on the E., both of which receive tho drainage of the country. Caociitrrr'a Blukf, p. c, Arkansas co., Ark. : 94 ra. S. E. Little liock. Crockettsvili-e, p. v., Breatliitt co., Kij. : 102 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. CcoGHAN, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X. Y. : on the E. side of Black r. and N. of Beaver cr., 112 m. N. W. Albany. Surface hilly, and drained by tributaries of the Black river. Croguan, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio: 9T m. N. "W. Co- lumbus. Crooked CRrRK, p. o., Carroll co., Ark.: on Crooked cr., a tributary of Wliile r., 122 ra. N. N. W. Little Rock. Crooked Ckfek, p. o., Steuben co., ImJ. : on a branch of Fawn r. so called, 149 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Crooked Cf.eek, p. o., Monroe co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt r. so called, G5 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Cbookbd Crrek, p. o., Clinton co.. III. : on Crooked cr. of Kaskaskia r., SS m. S. by E. Springfield. Crooked Cricek, p. o., Henry co., la.: on the cr. so called, 3S m. S. Iowa City. Crocked Cp-ef-k, p. o., Stokes co., K Car. : lOS m. ■W. N. W. liakigb. Crooked Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 114 m. N. N. E, Uarrisburg. Ckooked Creek Furnace, p. c, Bullitt co., Ki/.: 54 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Crooked Foi:k, p. o., Morgan co., Tenri. : on a fork of Emery's r., a branch of Tennessee r. so called, 127 m. E. Nashville. Crocked Hill, p. c, Montgomery cc, Penn. : 83 m. E. Harrisburg. Ci:coKED lake. N". V. : lies partly in Steuben and partly in Yates counties. It is 22 in. long, N. and S., and from 1 to 2 ra. wide — its surface 270 feel above Seneca Lake, with which it is connected by an outlet and canal. The waters are cold and transparent, and from 300 to 500 feet deep, abounding in salmon-trout, wbito-fish, pickL-rel, pero4i, sun- fieh, b.is5, and cat-fi*>h. At BlulT Point. 9 m. N. ofthe head of the lake, it is divided by a high promontory, into two arms — one extending to Penn- Van, 13 m., and the other to Branchport, 9 m. A steamboat plies from Hammonds- port, at the head of the lake, to Penn-Yan. and affords the passenger a fine view of tlic delightful scenery of the shores and neighborhood. Cropwell, p. v., St Clair co., Ala.: 100 m. N. Mont- gomery. CaosoYviLi.E, p. v., Chester dist, S. Car. : on the S. side of Sandy r., ." m. from its confluence with Broad r., and 44 rn. N. N.'W. Columbia. Ckoss AxriioR. p. o.,Spartanburgh dist, ^.T/fr. ; between Tyger and Ennoree rivers, in the S. E. comer ofthe co., 72 m. N. "W. Columbia. Crossanville, p. o., Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. S. E. Co- lumbus. Crors CitEKK Vii.tAGE, p. V., ■Washington co., Peiiii.: on a cr. BO called, 203 m. W. Uarrisburg. 160 Cross Cut, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 192 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Crobb Hill, p. o., Laurens dist, S. Car. : 63 m. "W. N. AT. Columbia. Ceossingville, p. T., Crawford «o., Penn. : 204 m. N. "W'. by W. Uarrisburg. Cro»s Keys, p. o., Macon eo., Ala. : 155 ra. N. W. Montgomery. CEO.SS Keys, p. o., De Kalb eo,, Ga. : 96 m. N. VT. Milled geville. Cross Keys, p. o., Camden eo., M. Jer. : 37 m. i. by "W. Trenton. Cross Keys, p. o., Union dist, S. Car. : between Ennoree r. and Tyger r., in the S. W. comer ofthe co., 59 m. N. W. Columbia. Cross Keys, p. o., Eoane co., Tenn.: 133 m. E. by S. Nashville. Crors Keys, p. o., liocklngham eo., Yirg. : 93 m. N. W. Eichmond. Crops Kill Mills, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 57 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisbnrg. Cross Plaisb, p.v., Bipley co., Ind. : on theVevay State road, 10 m. S. Versailles, and 73 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Cross Plains, p. o., Kolxrtson co., T^ui. : on the N. side of Sulphur Fork of Red r., a branch ofthe Cumberland, 20 m. N. Nashville. Cross Plains, t and p. v., Dane co., Wirc: 12 m. W. Madison, and watered by Black Earth r. and Sugar r., on the former of which the v. is locatod. Pop. 333. Cross Eidge, p. o., Tishomingo co., 3Iisa. : 207 m. N. E. Jackson. Cross River, p. o., "Westchester co., K. Y. : on Cross r. or cr., a tributary of Croton r., 93 m. S. by E. Albany. Cross Koads, p. o., Jackson co., Miss. : 147 m. S. E. Jackson. Cross Roads, p. c, Jeflerson co., Ky. : 43 m. W. Frankfort Cross Roads, p. o., Madison co., Ohio : 98 m. S. E. Columbus. Cross Roads, p. o., Johnson co., III.: 173 m. S. by E. Springfield. Cross Roads, p. o., Vanderburgh co., Ind. : 18C m. S. W. Indianapolis. Cross Roads, p. o., York co., Penn. : 87 ra. S. by E. Uarrisburg. Cross Uoads, p. o., Bedford co., Virg. : I OS m. "W. by S. Richmond. Cross Roads, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : 108 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. Cross Timbers, p. o.. Hickory co., M<>. : on Stark's cr. of Litde Niangua r., a branch of Osage r.. f)G m. S. W. Jefferson City. Crossville, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga. : 112 m. N. N. W. Milledgfville. Crossville, p. v., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 94 m. E. by S. Nashville. Crosswtck'6, p. v., Burlington co., JV^ .ler. : on the high S. bank of Crosswtck's cr., S m. 5. 9. E. Trenton. It is chiefly a Quaker Tillage, and contains about 300 inhab- i tints. Crotcn, p. v., Hunterdon co., K Jer. : 31 m. N. by W. Trenton. Croton, p. v,, Licking co., 0?iio. Croton, p. t., Newngo co.. Mich. : 87 m. N.W. Lansing. Ckoton, p. v., Delaware co., X. Y. : 72 m. S.W. Allfany. Crotox Falls, p. v., Westchester co., ]f. }'. ; on Croton r., and on the line of the Harlem R. R., 51 m. ft-om N«w York, and 104 from .\lbnny. Croton Landing, p. v., Westchester co., A^ Y.: on the N. side of Croton r., nt-nr its entranco into Tappan Bay. The Hudson River R. R. passes the v.SC, m. from New York, and 114 from .\lbany; and steamboats make regular stoppings here. It is a small but pleasant village. CRO CUM CroToN river, X. Y. : a fine stream, rishifj in Duchess and Putnam counties, flowing in a S. and !5. AV. dircrlion through a part of Westchester co., and emptyinp into the Hudson r.. about 2 m. above the v.of fein£;Sincr. Itslenf:lh is about 45 m. It takes its rise in several smali lakes ; its waters are very pure, and have for several yeiirs been • directed through an aqueduct to New York, supplyint? that city with an abundance of water. The works built for the purpose of conducting tho water, are among the most extensive in the world. Cnow Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called, 09 m. S. E. Nashville. Chowder's Cheek, p. o., Gaston co.. 2^. Car. : on a cr. of Catawba r. so called, 142 m. W. 8. W. Kaleigh. Crow Meadows, p. c, Marshall co., Iiid.. : 108 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Crown Point, p. v., and eap. Lake co., In<^. : in tho cen- tre of Pobin*«nn'3 Prairie. 14 m. S. of Lake Michigan, and 189 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. The v. contains about 60 dwellings and 250 inhabitants. Crown PotST, t. and p. v., Essex co., K Y. : on the "W. side of Lake Champlain, SS m. N. Albany. The W. part of tho t. is mountain — in tho E. and along the lake level, drained by Putnam*s and some other streams. The v. on Putn.im's cr. is only a small settlement. Crown Point was the sile of important military operations during the old French and the Pevolutionarj- wars. The ruins of ihe old fort of Crown Point are situate on a neck of land running into tho lake in the N. E. part of the town, and are IVe- quently visited by tourists as interesting objects connected with the national history. Pop. '2,3T9. Crownstille, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Mfl. Crow's Poxd, p. o., Daviess co., Ky. : 182 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Crowsville, p. v., Spartanburg dist, S. Car.: on the N. side of Ennoree r., 3 m. distant, and 82 m. N. W. Columbia. CaoxTON, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio. : 118 m. E. by N. Columbus, Croydox t. and p. o., Sullivan co., jV! /Tamp.: SS m. N. N. W. Concord. Cp.oypon Flat, p. o., Sullivan co.. A", /lump. : 30 ni. W. N. ^V. Concord. Cri'm Elbow, p. o., Duchess co.. 2i^. Y. : is a point 4 m. N. of Poughkecpsie, and GO m. S. Albany. Cruni Elbow cr. is a tributary of the Hudson, which it reache.^ in the t. of Hyde Park ; it is a good mill stream, on which r.re seve- ral mills and factories. Crviro, p. 0., Seneca co., K Y. : 149 ni. V,'. Albany. Crystal Lake, p. o., M'llenry co., 7/7. ; on the lake so called, 1S3 m. N. N. E. PpringfieM. Cuba. p. v., Fulton co.. J7L : 56 m. N. W. .Springfield. CrnA, p. v., Kutherford co., ^T. Car.; ISC ni. "VV. S. W. Tlaleigh. CuitA, p. v., Kent co., 3/tc7i. : 4? m. "W. N. W. Lansing. CrnA, t. and p. v.. Alleghany co., K. Y. : 22(5 m. W. by S. Albiiny. The land is elevated, and divides the soureeH of the Alleghany and Genesee rivers. In tlie N. there is a small lake, and near the W. border is situate the Cil spring Keservation. The v. is situate on the line of the Genesee Valley Canal and the New York and Erie P. II. It is a flourishing place, with 1,000 inhabitants. Poi>. 2.143. CrnA, p. v., Clinton co., OJiio : 53 m. S. E. Columbus. Cub CaKEK, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : on a or. of lloan- oke r. so called, $4 m. S. "W. Kichmond. CuifEUATCMEE, p. V., Macon CO., Ala.: on Cupiahalcheo cr., 23 m. E. by S. Montgomen-. Cri! lIiLL, p. o., Baltimore co., 3/d.: 9 m. from Balti- more. CroKOOViLT.F., p. v., Louisa co., Virg.: 48 m. N. "W. Eichmond. CrPDEBACKTiLLE, p. 0., Orange co., A' Y. : 92 m. S. B. W. Albany. 11 Ci'DDVurxK, p. v.. YuUahushii eo., .)//s.s.: 118 m. X. by E. Jackson. CuKRo, p. v., and cap. De Witt eo., T.— Fair- fax the name of the village. It contains tho usual co. build- ings, several stores and mechanics* sln.ps. and has about 3(tO inhabitants. It is situate 10 m. N. of the Eap]iahannock r., and about 70 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Cui.vEit CuEEK, p. o.. Delaware co., Ohio. CuMDERLANi> counlv, ///. Siluato S. E. centrally, and contains 324 sq. m. DraineJ by Embarras r. ami its tribu- taries. Surface prairie, and verj- fertile. Farms 326 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 134, and pop. — wh. 3,720, fr. c(^. — total 3,720. Capital : Greenup. Pnhlic lVor/:s : Torre Hauto and Alton li. K.; and the National Koad. Cumberland county, A>. Situate S. on the Tennessee State line, and contains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Cumberland r., whieii flows through it from N. E. to S. "W. Surface uneven and rugged. Soils moderately fi-rtile. pro- g].0— total 17,1 S9. Capit-al: Bridgeton. Cumberland county, ]\\ Car. Situate centrally, and con- tains l.lSO sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Cnpe Fear r., which passes through it in a general direction from N. to 8., aflTording it a navigable channel to the sea. Surface undulating, with extensive valleys. Soils of average pro- (lueljveness; Indian com ami cotton are its staphs, and it has numerous cotton and other manufactures. Farms 9.'J0 ; , manuf. 105; dwell. 2,531, and pop.— wli. 12,447, fr. eol. 946, si. 7,217— total 20,6ln. Capital : Fayelteville. Cumberland county, /v»». Situate S. middle, and con- tains 544 sq. m. Drained by Conedngwinet er. and Yellow Breeches r., tributaries of Susquehanna r. The surface is moderately uneven, sometimes hilly, and the soils have an excellent fertility. Iron ore, clays, etc.. abundant. The chief products are wheat, Indian com, and oats, and there is much flour produced. Farms 1,842 ; manuf. 2.'^8 ; dwell. 6.021, and pop.— wh. 33.370. fr. cnl. 957— total 34,327. Cap- ital : Carlisle. Pi'hlie Works : Cumberland Valley P. P., etc. Ci'MBERj-AND countv, Virg. Situate S. E. ccnlrMlly. and contains 820 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Willis r. of Jmues r., which Iwunds its N. side, and creeks of AjipouMiilox r, ■which runs on its S. E. border. Surface mnderal< ly billy. Soils of average fertility, producing the grains and largo 161 CUM CUR N. ban. of .he Potonjac r at .be -u^ °f ^^ -, ^46 S- ^xl ■ \:i-otr<:;^- tr.^>n. rk.o„ or A>U..baoy "~H^HSi.tebr Tngs, workshops, e.c., «"'>-"f J '* Three newspapers also, several handsoine '''"'"f f ■''^^^,,;^,t." "whigX the =:rr;hJsrirrrh:;^o:t;;'u;.per rntum The coal of .his region Is semi-l. .tummou , of ex- ::Ser<,«ai,.,, a„d ---■j°;-7.htr : :i.rha: variety of °*er purpose to - f\he ^^^,,,, ^ Ue.1 at Alexandnx The 1-"-'^^ ^^^ 50,259 tons; only lG,nOO tons ; in 1346, 18,-3a.J tons , m . . „, too 71 fii|iuo^ u 1&4S, 66,289 tons .in 1849, Tl.D.raujns.-' .c.js^'ilons " "' rrrJ « -". v "ic ~. - =-==-=-:-— ==^« working capital or about »5,000,000. _ ^^^^ pr::ri;L:a=ri^---— • ^-— «rr:rtrrrihe.ationa, Krrr^^-^--»---ic^r;on r„«»FRiiSB t. and p. c, Cumberland co.. Me . u Cdmbeblasb, '• ' ^ la. The position gives it Casco Bay, 44 m. S. 8. W. August K.,,„ebec and Port- great commercial advantages. The l^eimcDec Ld 11. E. passes through the B- P-^ o^' e^; ^^^ [J,;., Portland and 50 from August It 1'=^^°™ " -;; '^ ™^"^^^ 'Vr —fyZ i»^; b" d Hill, p. v., ii .^ pr<„„,e„ce. CuMBEELiSD lEOS WoEKS, p. V j;, Dover and the 8 W. side of Cumberland r., 10 m. t. ». «" •J M m. W. N. W. Nashville. "'•^■';f\th wat" st^o^^O tic be brought down sons of high wa«T c^i'" u-nfth boats the river 400 miles to theOh.o; ^nd fo "^a'f .^ K ^_^^^^^ may navigate it at all «'="»™'- J^^'^^f ^^e mouth of the are probably 1,200 feet above "'« '"^^ "^ *J ^,„ ,^, obio, river; it is .he second nver m .ze .hat f^'^ 7^^^^.„;_ being inferior ^'^ '"'"'l ^^"","^7, deep and narrow. „hich lies on 1.. »-";'„\« p,:, Bedford eo., Pe,.n. : .^'^rE^^;?, Mounain and "wiU-s Mountain, 103 m. '^ T W. uTr-^burg Drained by EvUfs cr., which runs "'^t"tv.,HamlltoncoO^.:^n^eli,.^ r:fMm''c';!al";;UlinssoveralflouringandgristmlUe side of and 6 m. from Chattahoochee r., 94 m. N. W. ^^:S^...E,p.v.,Itawambaco.,.r..:2nm.K.E. .Jackson. „, . m m s. S. W. CtTMMisGToN, p. v., Macoupm CO., lU.. 33 m. »• Springfield. Hampsbireco., J/«».- on CUMMUN-GTON, t. """^ ?' "v^f ^^ V Bostou. Surface stone abound It 1 as ^•'J"" ,„j ,.a,er-po«er. nre cotton an.l wool. The r. anor is " j^„^,. CMMINOTOS WEST Vl...OB,P ., ^^"P'^;^ ^. f,rk .ro::i:n.^:ar?^-Urador.,45n>.E.8.E. Austin City. y rra,.. .. 62 m. CiTNNisOHAM-s Stoee, p. o., Pemn co., A. La,.. N. N. W. Kaleigh. . .„ .^^ CramviLLE, p. v., Buckingham CO., r.rg.. 62 m. w Kichmond. .^ j^j m. S. E. CoKETOs's Bridge, p. o., Henry co., J^i^- Montgomery. ,. „ /t,,.. .. 69 m. CuEETON's Stoee, p. o., Lancaster dist., i,. tai.. U. N. E. Columbia. . ST m N. by E. CmiA, p. v., Independence co., Ark.. 81 m. } LitUc Kock. 1-Qn, "W N W. CUKUUSVLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Term. ; 1 ,3 m. W. N. Harrishurg. j. Atlantic CniBiTUOK county, .W. Car. Miuaie i^. ,.^ „,,.,,. Ocean, and conUtins 5T6 sq. m. 1. ^'^J'^.^^XZ^l Bca-eoas. from the Virginia line .o Ocracokc Inle^ mcludmg CUR DAK Eoanoke Island. Currituck Inlet separates it into two parts, aod affords facilities for navigation. Surface flat, and in some instances swampy. Soils generally sandy. Farms 601 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 925, and pop.— wti. 4,600, fr. col. 1S9, si. 2,447— total 7,236. CapiUtl: Curritnck C. H. CuEEiTucK, p. v., and cap. Currituck ec, iV! Car.: on the W. side of Currituck Sound. Pop. 68?. Cubrt'b Mills, p. o., W.ishington co,, Ga, Curry's Run, p. o., Harrison co., Ky.: 44 m. N. E. Frankfort. CrRTTSVTLLE, p. V., Berkshire co., Mass.: 126 m. W. Boston. It has several cotton mills, etc. CiiR-mNSViLLE, p. v., Clearfield co., Penn. : on the N. side of Anderson's cr.. near lis junction with the W. branch cf Susquehanna r., 102 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. CrsH, p. v., Clearfield co., renn.: 107 m. N. W. by AV". Harrisburg. CcsniNG, t and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me.: on the W. side of St. George's r, opposite the peninsular t. of St. George, 3S m. S. E. Augusta. This t. was settled by Irish emigrants as early as 17S3, and here was the celebrated stone fort erected by Major Burton. It has some commerce, and is much engaged in the shore fisheries. Pop. 805. CrsniNGviLLE, p. v., Potter co., Penn. : 114 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. CussAWAGo, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Penji. : 20S m. N. W. Harrisburg. CussETA, t. and p. v., Chambers co., Ala. : on the Mont- gomery and West Point R. R., 7S m. Oom Montgomery and 10 from West Point. Custard's, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. CuTCHOQUE, p. v., Suffolk CO., JV. 1' ; on the line of the Long Island R. R., 86 m. from New York. Cutdbert, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., Ga. : on the line of the South Western R. R., 143 m. 8. W. Milledgeville. Cutler, t. and p. o., Washington co.. Me. : on the At- lantic Ocean, 132 m. E. Augu.sta. It contains Little Machias Bay and Little r., and is bounded W. by Machias Bay, and has a good harbor ; considerable commerce is car- ried on, and the shore fishery is successfully pursued. ^-20. Cut Off, p. o., Walton co., Ga. Cut Off, p. o.. Drew co., Ark. : 126 m. S. E. Little Rock. CuTTiNQsviLLE, p. V., Rutland co., Verm, : 63 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Situate N. E. on Lafco Erie, and contains 4S6 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers, which empty into the lake, and afford large water-power. Surface level, declining toward the N. Soils everywhere of the highest fertility, jiroducing the grains in abundance and grasses of the most nutritious quality. The climate is delightful. Farms 2,228; manuf. 162; dwell. 8,2S9, and pop.— wh. 47,745, fr. col. S54~total 48,099. Cap- ital: Cleveland. Public Works: Cleveland, PainesviUe, and Ashtabula R. R. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. ; Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. ; Cleveland and San- dusky R. R., etc., and the Ohio Canal. Cuyahoga Falls, p. v.. Summit co., OJtio : on the Cuy- ahoga r., at the falls, 109 m. N. E. Columbus. The r. here has its greatest bend toward the S., and passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by succeswivo leaps falls in a uhort distance 240 feet, creating a groat water-power. A considerable manufacturing village has here spnmg up, the destiny of which is as yet only foreshadowed. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal passes through the place, and the Akron Branch R. R., uniting with the Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. at Hudson, connects it with those two important commercial centres. Pop. about 3.000. In the neighborhood bituminous coal is abundant, and is mined to a large extent. Cuyahoga river. Ohio : one of the most important rivers in nnrlhrrn Ohio. It rises in Geauga county, and runs soulhwiir.lly through Portage county, where it gradually curves and courses through Summit and Cuyahoga counties. in a direction N. N. W. to Lake Erie, into which it falls at Cleveland. It is more than GO miles long; it has numerous falls, and from its not being materially affected in its supply of water in t!ie dry season, is exceedingly well adapted for mill and factory purposes. Along its banks several flourishing manufacturing villages have already sprung up, and there is every prospect of its becoming the focus of an immense manufacturing interest. The village at the great falls is destined to be a second Patterson or Lowell. The Ohio Canal runs along the valley of this stream about 85 miles to near Akron, and crosses it by an aqueduct at Boston, 23 miles S. of Cleveland. The mouth of the river, which has been improved and extended by piers, forms the harbor of Cleveland. CuYLER. p. v., Cortland co., K. Y. : on the Tioughnioga r., 112 m. W. Albany. CuYLERSviLLE, p. V., LivingstOH CO., K. Y. : 19S m. W. Albany. Cyntuiana. p. v., Posey co., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash r., 137 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Cynthiana, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Ky. : on the E. side of the S. fork of Lieking r., 39 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It is a flourishing v., and has a weekly newspaper, the " C. News" (dem.) Pop. SOO. Cy.-^thiana, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. Columbus. Fop. 134. Cyn-thiana, p. v., Wapello co., la. : 66 m. S. W. Iowa City. Cypress, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : on Cypress cr., 173 m. W. by S. FrankforL Cypress, p. o., Scott co.. Mo. : in the swamp region in the S. E. part of the co., 4 m. W. of the Mississippi and 1S6 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Cypress Creek, p. c, Bladen co., 2\\ Car. : SS m. S. by E, Raleigh. Cypress Crossing, p. o., Newton co., Tkn. ; on Sabine r., 252 m. E. Austin City. Cypress Grove, p. o., New Hanover co., K. Car. S. E. Raleigh. Cypress I^■N, p. o., Wayne co., Tenn.: 81 m. S. S. Nashville. Cyeuston, p. v., Lincoln co., Tenn.: 73 m. S. by E. Nashville. ■ 97 . W. D. Dacusville, p. v., Pickens diet., *S'. Car.: IIS m. W.N. W. Columbia. * Dade county, Flor. Situate S.,and contains about 3,84(1 sq. m. The drainage is very imperfect, and, except along the shores, the whole is a swamp. The Pay-hai-o-kee, oi Everglades, is almost entirely within this county. Thesf consist of an extensive grass meadow, covered from one tc six feet deep with water, interspersed all over with islandf of rich land and cypress swamps. These islands were safe retreats for the Seminoles during the war. The swampa are the abodes of alligators, serpents, and vermin of all kinds. The only really valuable land lies on the coast, and numerous small islands and keys, with wliich it Is lined Farms C ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 23, and pop.— wh. 147, IV. col. 1 si. n— total 159. Capital: Miami. Dade county, Ga. Situate N. W.. and contains 240 sq m. Drained chiefly by Lookout cr. of the Tennessee r Surface mountainous, with fertile valleys. Crops various including Indian corn, wheat, cotton, tobacco, etc., but iioni in such prt.ponderating quantity as to mark it as a prineipa staple. Farms 235; manuf. 4; dwell. 421, and pop.— wh 2,532. fr. col. 0, al. 1+S— total 2.680. CapiUtl: Trenton public WorA:^ : Chattanooga and Nashville R. R. Dade county, J/o. Situate S. W., and contains 504 sq m. Drained by Sac r. and its tributaries. Surface undu- lating. Soils fertile. Farms 567; manuf. 18; dwell. 659 168 DAD DAL and pop.— wh. 3,976, fr. col. 1, el. 2C9— total 4,^46. Capital : Greenfield. Dadf.ville, p. v., and o^ip. Tallapoosa co., Alu.: 45 m. N. E. Montgomery, on a hitfhhnd N. of Sandy or., a tribu- tary ofTallapoosa r., from which latter it is (h'stant E. about 3 m. It contains the usual co. buildings, and about 130 inhabit^inis. - Dadsville, p. v., Mari'^n co., T^mi, : 87 m. S. E. Nash- ATlIe. Baggeh's Spring, p. o., Botetourt co., Virg. : 109 m. W. Richmond. Daggktt's Mills, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 106 m. N. by W. Harriaburg. Dagsrokougu, hund. and p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on both sides of Pepper cr., which flows in a direction N. E. into Rehobo:h Ii:iy, 43 m. S. S. E. Dover. There are a number of grist and saw-mills on the r., and in the v. are several stores, etc. The hund. contains 67,020 acres, and 2,512 inhabitants. Dahuinega, p. v., and cap. Lumpkin co., Go,. : on the E. side of Etowah r., and between that stream and C^estatee r., 112 m. N. N. W. Milledgenlle. It is the central dep6t of the Georgia gold field, and the site of a Branch Mint of the United Slates, at which gold only is coined. It contains also a courl-house and other co. offices, several stores, and has 1,577 inhabitants. A newspaper, the "Mountain Sig- nal," is published weekly. 1-)AUL0NEGA, p. V., WapcIIo CO., la.: about 4 m. N. of Des Moines r., and CI m. S. W. Iowa City. Dailet's Cross Koads, p. o., Lowndes co., Miss. : 112 m. N. E. Jackson. DAiNGEitFiKLD, p. V., IMtiis CO., Tex. .' on Boggy cr. of Big Cypress, 2G2 m. N. E, Austin City. Dairy, p. o., Scotland co., Mo. : 134 m. N. Jefferson City. Dakotah county, Minn. Situate S., and contains 16,400 gq. m., extending from Ihr^ Mississippi to the Missouri, lis E. half is chiefly drained by tlie Minnesota r. and its tributaries, and its W. ball" l>y Sioux r. and the Tchan San- san, or Kiviere a Jaques. Inuuraerable small and large lakes are interspersed throughout the co. The only part occu- pied by the whites is thai Immediately on the Mississippi r. Farms 00 ; manuf. IK); dwell. 7S, and pop. — wh. 582, fr. col. 2— total 5S4. Capital: Fort Snelling. Dale eounty, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains 860 sq. m. Drained by the numerous tributaries of the Choctawatehie r., whieli traverses the co. from N. E. to S. W. Surface level, witii a barren soil, except 'he hummocks .ind swamp?, which are exceedingly fertile. The products are cotton, corn, etc., with rice ami sugar. Farms 697; manuf. 0; dwell. 9'2S, and pop.— wh. 5,6;J3, fr. col. 2, si. 721— total 6,346. Capital: Newton. Dale, p. o., Spencer co., Ind. : 128 m. S. by W. Indiana- polis. Dale, p. o., 'Wyoming eo., jV. Y.: 221 m. W. Albany. Dale. p. o., Berks eo., 2'enn. : 61 in. E. Harrisburg. Dalkviixk, p. v., Lauderdale co.. Miss. : on Ponta cr., 88 m. E. by N. Jackson. Dalevii.le, p. v., Dale co., Ala.: on the E. side of a br.inuh of Clioetaw-Halchee r., SO ra. S. S. E. Montgomery. Ttwas formerly the capital of the county, Dalkville, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : 94 ra, N. E. Harrisburg. Dalky's. p. o., Montgomery co., Tcnn. : 39 m. N. W. Nashville. Dallas county, Aln. Situate S. centrally, and contains 872 sq. m. Drained by the Alabama r.. which here receives the Cahawba and other streams. Surface undulating, and soils, especially on the rivers, very fertile. Products, cotton, com, and some rice. Farms 749; manuf. 82; dwell. 1,375, anrl pop.— wh. 7.461 . fr. col. S. si. 22,25;^— total 29,727. Caj^- itlo manu- factures. Pop. 1,029. l^ALTON, t, and p. v., Coos co.. K. /lamp.: on the E. siout : on the N. line of the eo.. 1*26 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It is a small village of about 2(Hi inhabil-inls. I^AMARccf, I. and p. v., Henry eo., Ohw : on the N. side of ilaumee r, and of the '\\"abash and Erie Canal, 112 m. K. X. W. (^oIumi),us. Pop. 2^y, Damascus, t. and p. v.. SVayne eo., Pain. : on the \V. side of Delaware r., I2S ni. N. E. liarrisburg. The v. on the r., which is here spanned by a brjilge 500 feet long, is a small settlement of 3b or 40 dwellings. Damascus, p. v., Spartanburg dist., K Cur. : SO m. N. W. Columbia. Damascits, p. v., Montgomery CO.. M(7.: at the head of ijeneca er.. 02 ni. N. W. Annapolis. Dan river, iV. Car. and Vlrg. : mostly in Virginia, tlie Dan uniting witli Stjiuntoii r, forms the Roanoke. It lias falls of 23 feet at Danville, but, by a canal anjund Ilium, navigation is ojjen for UiO m. from it.'* mouth. ]),\XA, t. and p. o., Worcester co., J/i/.-.,?. ; G2 m. W. Bos- ton. A branch of Swift r. passes Uiroutrli the town. In the manufacture of palm-leaf hats there are mnnbere engaged — it \s the principal manufacture. Pop. 642. DANiJOKorGH. p. v.. Rucks CO., P' .'uk: 1*2 m, E. Harris- burg, and about 3 m. K. of Doylostr.wn. It eonlains alimii SO dwellings. DANiiuuon, p. v., Wilkes eo., tia. : on the S. side of Bri'ad r., 12 m. from its entrance into the t^avannah r., and OS m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. DANBinn-, t.. p. !>.. and one of the capitals Fairfield oo.. Co}in.: 48 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by a iTaneh of Housatonie r.. whieh furnishes good water-power. Tlie borough is a plea.sant village, built chiefly on one street. It contains 7 churches, and about S-^n dwellings. The Dan- bury and Norwalk R. R. haa its N. terminus at this point. The t. has several manufactures, and siipporis a newsjiaper. tiie '• D. Times," whieh is publislied weekly. Danbury was captured and burned by the British in the revolutionary war, and large quantities of military stores seized — this '•<.■- currcd 26th April, 1777. In the battle the American gene- ral. "Woostcr, wa.s killed. Pop. 5.yC4. DANnt'BY. p. Y., and eaj). Stokes co., K Car.: 104 m. N. W. by W. Kaleigh. DANnriJV, t. and p. v.. Grafton co.. A^ /Tamp. : in the S. part, of the co.. 29 m. \. W. Concord. The \orlh«m R. li. passes through the t, 3ii ra. from West Lebaru.n. P, :.*34. Danuy, t.-«nd p. v.. Tompkins co., ^\ Y. : about S m. S. Ithaca, and l:U m. W. by S. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soils a gravelly loam : drained by Catlotong cr. and its tributaries. The v. conl;xius about 4«t0 inhabitants. The L ha.s a large number of saw-mUL^. Pop. 2,411. Danby, t. and p. v., P.ulland eo., l\rvi.: near the head waters of Otter or., 07 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The surface Is ireneruUy rough, but the soils are highly productive. The t is nok-d for its butter and cheese. The. Vermont Western E. v.. passes through ils s. E. corner. Pop. l,.'>?5. Danby, t. and p. o., Ionia eo., 3{ich. : on Grand r., IS m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pup. 2G2. Danby Fouk Coiinelb, p. o., Rutland co., Vfrm. : 60 ra. S. by W. Monlpelier. Dancy\-ille, p. v., Haywood co., Tcjin. : about 7 m. S. of Big Hatchee r.. 14? m. W. S. \V. Na-shville. Danoridoe, p. v., and cap. JetTerson co., 'J'tiin. : on the N. side of French Broad r., 102 m. E. Nashville. It con- tains the usual co. buildings, several stores, and about Si^ dwellings. It has a considerable trade in (he vicinity . Dane county, Whc. Situate S. centr.'dly, and conrain.-! 1,235 sq. m. Drained by Black Earth, Blue Mound, and other tributaries of Wisconsin r., which washes its K. W. comer, and by Catfish r., Sugar r., and other affluents of Rock r. In its centre are the Four Lakes, renowned f.-r their beauty. Tho level of Fourth Lake, above the Allan- tic, is 788 feet, and above Lake Michigan, 230 ft-i'l. Surface gt^nerally rolling; hills and valleys succeeding each other; ihe hdls seldom abrujjt, and arable to their summits : the val- leys well watered and seldom marshy. Soils genewHy black vegetable niuld. sometimes loamy, and occasionally clay mi.xed with sand. The underlying rocks are cliiefly calca- reous. Fanns 1.5(il; uianuf. ^7 ; dwell. 2.i'.03, and pop.— wh. 10,0ls, fr. col. 23— total 10,641. Ca/jital : 'Shuiison. J'nbh'e WovkH: Milwaukee and Mississippi R. R. Dane, t. and p. c, Dane co., Wise. : 12 m. N. N.W. Madi- son. Pop. 2S7. DANiiir/sMiLLs, p. o., Piersouco..A'; ('(.*/■.; 53 m. N. N.W. llaleigh. Damel^ville, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ga.: on the high hind between Oconee and Broad rivers. 74 m. N. Mil- ledgeville. It contaius the usual co. offices, a j:ul, an academy, and about 25 or 30 stores and dwellings. Danielsville, p. v., Dickson co., Tevn. .■ 87 ni. W. Nashville. Daniei£T1lle, p. v., Spotl^ylvania co., iV/-;/- •' on one of Ihe. head branches of iS'orlh Anna r., 4',i m. X, N. W. j;ichmond. Gold ia (bund in Ihi.s I'cgion of cjuntry to a Considerable extent. Daxielton, p. v., Beaufort dist., K Oir. : 113 m. S. by W. Colund)ia. Dannejiora, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y.: about 2 m. N. of Saranae r., in m. W. by N, Platlsbiirg. and 1S7 m. N. Albany. Daxsville, p. v., Livingston eo., Al Y.: on Canaseraga r., a tributary of Genesee r., IDS m. W. by S. Albany. Here are a succession of f;dls, within the distance ofl \ m.. affording a large power, and the v. contains several factories and mills, aa paiJcr-miJIs, flouring-mills, etc.. and furnaces, Dansvillc has three weekly newspapers, and one semi-monthly, viz., the "D. Herald" (whig), the ''D. Courier" (dem.). the "D. Chronicle" (dem.). weeklies, and "Treiiddy's Advertiser," published semi-monthly. The Dansville Branch ot the Genesee Valley Canal extends hence 11 ni. to the main canal, which it joins near the v, of Mt. Morris. Poj.. R'^OO. Dantom, p, v., Tishomingo co., iJ//8.s. ; 196 ni. IS'. E. Jackson, Danube, t. and p. v., Herkimer co.. A'', Y. : on the S. of tlie Mohawk r., 5S m. W. >.'. W. AII»any. Tho surface is undulating: soils sandy and calcareous loiim: drained by Kowadaga cr. Tlie Erie Canal, on which the v. of Danube is located, passes llirtKigh the N. part of the town, following the Valley of the Mohawk. Pop. l.T^iO. Danvehs, Land p. v., Essex vo., 3fui.s. : 14 m. N. Boston, The soils are fertile and well cultivated. The principal v. is virtually u suburb of Salem, the streets being continuous. There is aiiotinr v. in Ihe N. part of the t., on Beverly r., at which numerous ships arc annually built. Both tht'se villages can be a|tpruached I\v vesseks of considi-rable bur- den, and br)th have considerable trade and manufaelures, principally in leather and its products. Pop. 8,110. The Salem and Lowell R. U. passes through tlic townshi]>. Danville. [). v., and caj>. Yell co., A/-k: : on Petite Jean cr., 07 m. W. N. AV. Little Rock. 165 DAB D.K-v„xK,p.v.,9umterco (?«,.;on.heW.b»nkof v^'To Bi^'vormlon '., in^.n.liately hdo,v the June- fleld. It IS a large ^^^^ ,, ^ ,.^,_^^,,_„ newspapers, the "U. lUral" ^^ '^ surrounding (whi"!. both issued wecklj. lop. i,-""- country is fertile and P"!'"'™": ,^^3 ,„., j„,;... „n the porlant trading place ' ,'' "T- '4" D„„u Asvluro. The and also of the Y"'" !\';.^rand in 1850 had a president college was founded ml 20^ and. ^,^,^„^ ^..^ , and - professors, 363 alumni, a ,^_ librarj- of nearly 6,000 volumes. The asylum n liur.uj . Pop. about 1,600. ''%""""■ , n V and cap. Montgomery co., M>. : on the .Tairbo^u;; m'frorthe Lole r. . tributary of the Hi.ouri, 4. m^ N^ K. by B^; ~^t., K Ba^p. : SO ^''s'e "c^cord Ichusnut r. passes over the N W. cor- ner and fherHre several ponds in the town. The sur^ce ^Dr...B,p.v.,Knoxeo.,./.-o..-about4m.W.of "— ;?';t^-^.Hrr;o.,....:o„.he ,r:f;^;^.-nch.Su«.— ar .Ihee^^ of Mahoning er., »"'',''".*;, ''"° "', above Northum- crtesmetsqueha^ar' The v. contains several chureh- " stores and about 3,800 inhalutanls, and it has a consid- :;* ride^ith the keighi^oring interior Twcine^^^^^^^ pers, the "D. Democrat" (whig), and the D. Intelli ^^^:::r:tT;-:^;'"^'-iedoniaeo.,r.™.:«i , NTMontp elier. The v. is pleasantly situated near the ^^o'f^ie and is surrounded by a fine farming eoun- trjed .UainU bv trihutaries of Passumsic r.. which also rLrmiU-p"«er. " The t. ha. considerable manufactures ; S I. H.ville has become a place of extensive trad ^ I Ms large tobacco warehouses, numerous »'» f »• »°f.°^;" Tsu inhabitants, and here is published the ''^-^^f^^'- a weeUlv newspaper. The Richmond and Danvdle K. E. has its 9. terminus at this point. r^ . ,53 ni E. DA.N-VI1.1.K, p. v., Monigomery CO., T«t- . IW m. i>. Austin City. 106 llarrisburg. 1 he v., on uaruy i , The 1 is divided 'T;-»v p. v., Franklin co., Okio: 12 m. W. Columbu,, '"C;^S!rSM:toneo.,0..:onBigDarhy "^^:^rprr:eo.,...: near Big Darby '••5:^v^;:-o:"s:h:iiaeo.,.....em.K.K.K Milledgeville. . ^^ j,,^ yf^ ,,,,« -=^m^^— ^--:- rri:s'm".:^:a:e-rocky ridges, which are called the X::T^' and 'p v!'Fairfleld eo., cW : on Long Island DAmF.N,t.andp.<. ^^^^^^^ .^ undulaung, Sound, 03 m. b. ^^ • «""' J ^ i3 „„ a small stream which of.Maluiiah. r. .. ,„„ bar has U feet of Ihe coasting trade of the port is large. Pop- -- • "^'!-^-' 'dT,t r^V^Xr-Tt V. lies:,; L nne or and contains about 800 inhabitanU. The t. '^f'^^'^^J, Ellicotfs er. and other tributaries of Tonawanda r. Its sur face is hilly, and soils clayey and calcareous. creek. Pop. of 1. 1,013. ,^^ ,;„« DAamN CKSTBK^P. '';: »!"~i 25 „. from Buffa- of the Buffalo and New York City K. K., '•> I ,„, and 234 \V. Albany. ^_^ ^,,^ ,,„^ „, Dawen Depot, p. o., FairhLlcl co.j li, Hartford. the New York an.l New Haven E. U., 62 m bA\^. Hartfor^ Dark Coknes, p. o., CampbeU co., Oa. : 106 m.W. IN. T;rc:U. P.O., Desoto CO., i...:lCSm.N :;:r/ex:^— -^=^Ss2^^: fertile. It is an excellent gram <-""'J- „VT col 163 ir;^E::.:^o:-n;nrv:^t:rt^^!f "he eoun^-,was erected by General Wayne, ITi..;, on he 1^0. where three years before General St. Clair had sum-red Ki« memorable defeat bv the Indians. DxuKE p. 0., Darke co., Ohio: 93 m. W. Columbu, SluKEsviLt;, p. v., Berkeley eo., !-«■(,. : on bulphur DAR DAV Springs lt.. a branch <»f Opequan er. of lUe Potomac r., 127 m. N. by W. Kidimond. , Daklington district, K Car. Situate E. centrally, and contains 1,060 sq. m. Drained by Black and other creeks of Great Pedee r., whicli bounda it on the N. E., and by numerous affluents of Lynfli's er., which washes its S. W. border. Surface slightly undulating. Soils sandy and light, except on the margins of the streams, where it is very fertile. The chief products are cotton and Indian corn, with some wheat, oats, etc. Farms S5T ; manuf. 20 ; dwell. 1,318, and pop.— wh. 6,7:»0, fr. col. 39, si. 10,041— total 16,830. Cupit4il: Darlington C. II. Pxibli^i Works: "Wilmingtou and Manchester li. K. Darlington, p. v., Montgomery co.,/«^. ; on the S.side of Sugar cr. of liock r., 42 ra. N. W. Indianapolis. Darlington, p. v., St. Helena par., La.: 3S m. N. E. Baton lioiige. DARi.iNciTON, p. v., ITarford co., Md. : on the W. side of the Susquehanna r., about 2 m. distant from it, and 49 m. N. by K. Annapolis. Darlington, p. c, Beaver co., Penn. : on Little Beaver cr., 197 m. W, by N. Ilarrisburg. It has about 400 inhab- itants. Daelincton Couet-House, p. v., and cap. Darlington dist, S. Car. : on Swift cr.. a trilmtary of Black cr. of Great Pedee r., 69 m. E. N. E. Columbia. It is a v. of about 500 inhabitants, and lies about 3 m. W. of Black creek. Dabllngton Heights, p. o.. Prince Edward co., Virg. : 61 m. S. W. by \V. Paehmoud. Darnkstown, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on theS. side of Seneca er., 51 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Darrtown, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: on the line of the Junction K. P., 96 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. Dartfoed, p. v., Marquette co., WUc. : 62 m. N. by E. Madison, Dartmouth, t and p. v., Bristol co., dfassi. ; 52 m. S. Bos- ton. It has Buzzard's Bay on the S. E.. and is penetrated by several inlets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset r., wJiich is navigable to near the middle of the town. The manufiieture of sail, ship-building, and the wliale and coast fisheries, are the chief employments of the inhabitants. Pop. 3,.>t;s. DiRvtLL's, p. o., Dinwiddie co., Vtrij. : 37 m. S. W. Eichmond. Darwtn, p. v., and cap. Clark co.. Ill : on the AV. bank of Wabash r., 113 m. E. S. E. Ppringli.-ld. It is a flourish- ing place, and contains about 300 inhabitants. Darysaw, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ark. : 49 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Dacpuin county, Penn. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains COS sq. m. The Susquehanna washes the co. on the W. and S. W., and its tributaries, Mahanlango, Powell's, and Swatara creeks, drain the interior. Surface rough, hilly, and in some parts mountainous. Soils generally fer- tile, producing all the grains abundantly, and Ifibacco. Iron and coal are mined in immense quantities, and there are several potteries in operation. The r>auphin co. coal is considered one of the best qualities in market Farms 1 .OoO ; manuf. 253; dwell. 6,033, and pop._wh. :i4.491, fr. col. 1.2C,3 —total 35,754. Capital : Ilarrisburg. PuNic Wor/.-s ; Pennsylvania Canal; Union Canal; Lancaster and Ilarris- burg R. P. ; Pennsylvania R. R., etc. Daupihn. p. v., Dauphin co., Penn.: on the E. side of Susquehanna r.. 6 m. N. Il.arrisburs. It is a thriving v. of 1,451 inhabitants. The line of the Main Division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes through it, 34 m. from Columbia. Davenport, p. v., and cap. Scott co.. Ta. : on the W. side oflheMississipjii r., opposite Rock Island, and .^1 m. E. by S.Iowa City. The site is 1*)0 m. below Galena, and 33>l above St. Louis. A large amount of business is transacted here, and it is destined to become a place of importance, in connectif.n with the railroad system of the West It is now connected with Chicago by E. R., and a R. R. is projected hence to Council Bluffs and the Pacific coast It already supports two newspapers, the '■ D. Giizelte" (whig), and the "Democratic Banner," both published weekly. Pup. 3,400. Davenport, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N. Y.: 57 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly, and soils argillaceoaa loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and ila tributaries. The t. lies on the S. side of Charlotte r., and on the Catskill Post Road. Pop. 2,305. Davenport Center, p. v., Delaware co., JV; n ; on the S side of Charlotte r., 61 m. W. S. W. Albany. Dattdson county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- taius 380 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Yadkin r., which forms its W. and S. W. bor. eUnate N. W., and cont:nn8 400 «, ra. Drained l.y creeks tlowinf N. nito the Ohio r., which forms the boundary in that direction, and by creeks flowins S. into Green r.. which bounds the county h. bur- face uneven. Soils ordinarily fertile, and ,.roduc,ng the cereals, tobacco, eto., in abundance. Farms l,iio7 ; manuf. IS; dwell. 1,631, and pop.-wh. 9,4->8, fr. col. 50, si. 2,8SU- lolal 1-2,85.3. fll/ Ooli. b. col. 1, si. 2.11-totid 5,298. G'fnM : Gallatin. D^VIS county, Ja. Situate S. on the Missouri line and contains 6.14 sq. m. Drained in the N. by Soap .nnd the- qocst creeks of Des M- nes r., and in the S. by the head waters of Fox, ^Vyaconda, North Fabius, and o her mm flowin" into the Mississippi. The surface is beautifullj diversified, chiefly undulating prairie, with rreq.l.'Ul grove., of timber. Soils of unsurpassed fertility. Farms 013; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,180, and pop.-wh. 7,2.57, fr. col. ,- total 7,2 W. Capital: BloomfiM. D vvi* countv. rM T.:: Situate N. middle, and cont-ains about 1.S0O sq.'m. Drained by Wcbcr r., the river Jordan, and other streams falling into llie Great Salt Lake, which ■forms its W. boundar>'. Surface hilly, with fertile valleys, lic'ir River mounUiins spresd over iL-t easlern se-.'lio'i^. As a farming county it ha-s excellent facilities. Farms 112; m.'iuif. iT dwell. 21S. and pop.-wh. 1,1M, fr. eol. 0-total 11.34. f./md/?; Farmlngton. Davtsbououoh, p. v., Washington Co., Ga. : on the line of the Central P.. K., 122 m. from Savanii^di, and V. lu. E bv < Mill.-d''eville. It contains about CD dwellings. 'dIvis' Cuee^k, p. o., Washington co.. In. : 17 m. S. Iowa City. , J ., D.VVIS' Cp.1!ek, p. c, Dubois CO., Ind.: on Hie cr. so c-lled 1110 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Davis' Creek, p. o., Fayette co., Ala.: on the cr. so called, 134 m. N. W. Montgomery. D.VVIS' Mills, p. c, BaniwcU dUL, S. Car. : 62 m. S. S.W . Columbia. Davis' Mills, p. o., Bedford co., rirg. : on Goose cr., a trihutarv of Uoanoke r., 117 m. W. by 9. Richmond Datisosville, p. v., Genesee co., MiA: 61 m. E. N. E. ■^ dI'vb' Stoee, p. 0., Bedford co., Virg.: 108 m. W. by S. Eiehmond. Davistom, p. v., Talbot CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Co- lumbus Turnpike, 79 m. W. S. W. MiUedgcville. Davistows, p. v., Greene CO., Pmn. : 192 m. W. by S. Harrishurg. D AVI8V1LLE. p. v., Bucks CO., renn. : 91 ra. E. Harrisburg. Dawesville, p. v., Cherokee co., K. Car. : 814 m.W. by S. ' DAiKiN's Mills, p. o., .Jackson co., O/.io : 72 m. S. by K. Columbus. ^„„ „ ,,., Dawson, p. v., Habersham co., Ga. : 128 ra. N. Mil- Dawsokbuegu, p. v., Fremont co., la. : 224 m. W. by S. Iowa City. -.T TT. ■ > Dawson's, p. c, Alleghany Co., iM. : on the ^. -ft . side of the Potomac r., 11 m. S. W. Cumberland. Dav, t. and p. v., Saratoga CO.. N. Y. : in the N.W. comer of the CO., 40 m. N. l-y W. Albany. The surface is hilly, the Kayaderosseras Mountains extending across the town, and the' most arable lands are those of the Sacaudaga r., wlmh flows through it. The v. lies on the N. side of r. P. 1,01». Dat-s I.asdino, p. o., York co.. Pmi.: on the W. side of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S. 8. E. Harrishurg. 163 Day's STOas, p. o., Hopkins eo., A'y. ; lOS m. W. S. W. Frankfort, ^, ., . ,, , , Davsville, p. v.. Ogle Co., lU.: 157 m. N SpringlK-ld Davsv.llb, p. v., Todd CO., K,j. : 152 m. S.W. 1 rauklort Davton, p. v., Marengo CO., AUi.: on a cr. of the Bogue Chickasaw,a tributary ofTombigbeer.from the E., SI m.W. Montgomery. „, . , e r. Davtok, p. v.. La Salle co., Ill: on the W. side of Des- plaincs r., 6 ra. N. E. Ottawa, and 118 ra. N. by E. Spring- Held. It is a thriving v., with about 2.50 inhabitanls. Dayton, p. v., Tippecanoe CO., M. : on the \\. side of the W. Fork of Ponceaplehoux or Wild Cat r, 54 m. K.W. '"d 'yton,'''. and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., N. T.: on Cone- wan»o cr., and drained by its tributaries. Surface undu- lating, and soils cliy and gr.-ivelly loam. The v. lies on the hue of the Erie R. V... 22 m. from Dunkirk, and 20-.. W . S. W. Alliany. Pop. oft. 1,44^. Dayiox,l,p. city, and cap. Montgomery co. O-iw a^ Ihe confluence of the Mad and Miami rivers, m hit. 39= 44 N , and long. SlO U' W., 60 ra. W. S. W. Columbus, t is one of those new centres of trade and commerce which have -iiirung up in the Great West with the progress of in- ternal improvement^ and which, during the decade cn.ling with 1S.-.0, have been so wonderfully developed. Hie ™und on which the city is built was originally purchased hv John Cleve Svmmes about the year 1795, and afterward it' appears that Governor St. Clair and Jonathan D-ayton, with several associates, contracte.l.with Symracs lor the purchase and setUement of so much of the original purchase .,, was included in the corporate limits of the present city. The embrvo town received the name of Dayton. Symmes lH-in<- unable to meet his payraenUs. the land reverted to the ....vemmcnt, and afterward (in 1799), Daniel C. t.oopfr, of New Jersey, succeeded to Ihe proprietorship. I he tnwn was then laid out upon a plan originally furnished by su Clair with streets luO feet wide, crossing each other at right •,„.des The town plot was divided into 2Stl lots, 101) feet fr^mt by 200 feet in depth ; and upward of 50 ouldots of 10 acre, each were laid off at the same time. But it was not till within the present century that the town had a tangible existence In 1505 it was incorporated by the Legislature, and in 1*16 the first brick dwelling was erected; and lu ISIO it had only 8S3 inhabitants. Its progress, indeed, seems to have been quite slow untU the.conipleti1I Eurr blocks " 9i,0,W Furniture and baggage " 107.DS5,... 404, ITS Bacon and jiork " 1 1.022 723,799 CofTee " 279,170.... 33,939 Cotton, r.aw " 294,9i;2 Cotton. yarns " 2,r5U 192,SlU Candles " 795.... 2s,54I Cut Stone " 16..5S7 .... 13,126 Crockery, foreign " 11 6,602 2,700 Eggs " .... 5.3,477 Fruit, green " 11.729 ],'jO,032 Feathers " 337 2.1'14 Grindstones '■ 02,066 076 'iypsum " Fr,,395 l,4oo l,:asiw.are " lCi,U3 S,96s Hemp " ll,93:.l ^ IlideS'and skins " 9,li Ice " ">i,7, Iron, pig, etc. " 1.774.7 Iron, cast " 2,390,7" Lard " 1,01 Leather " 45,7' Machinery " 89,3: Merchandise? " l,9,".5,oi Nails and spikes " Oil cake " Paper, Ohio " Powder, Ohio " Pot and pearl ashes *' Sugar " Taflow " Tobacco " Tobacco, manufactured " Wool " "White lead " Sundries " IIoop poles nnm. H"K8 " Slaves, etc " Shingles " Lath " Limiber Timber 47,394 , 2,000,19.) , Sol ,110 , " 1,C-)7,75S.. " 3,420,250 .. " l,140.2iiu . . feel 4,:?95,2T3 .. 117,741 78,43:3 . 1,696.000 59,073 4:i,009 . 49S.8'J6 . 38,059 . 100,822 . 3311,744 13,000 .8,758 . .3,167,170 . 5:11.530 . 15,222 S'^.OST 9,562 . 121,713 . 27,161 14,209 6S.4S0 1,015 1,219,9.38 72,974 3,497 5,40.i 110,250 57,000 293,460 4.226 The several locks of the canal atford considerable motive power within the limits of the eily ; and in 1845 the Dayton Hydraulic Company constructed a hydniulic canal from a point at Mad r, 4 m. above the city, by means of which the waters of a lart;e and unfailing stream are brought through the place, the suriilus water being diseliargcd into Ihe c;mal. and thence into the Miami r.. below the cily. The whole of the power thus obtained is leased to manufacturers, and \ this addition of motive force is justly ranked as one of tho chief sources of the prosperity now enjoyed by the city. A further increase of hydraulic facilities is jirojecled by eon- ducting the waters of the Miami above the city, through a canal, and discharging them into the same river below. Dayton surpa-ss, s all other westiTn cities of its si/.e in the variety and extent of its manufactories. Among the most notable and extensive are those for the manufacture of rail- road ears on the largest scale ; jiaper mills, wliieli sup[ily no small part of the West with wrapping, news, and book paper; foundries for stores, hollow ware. etc.. the ;innual vidue of these branches alone being at least .$5110,000, There is no city in the West so largely eitgaged in the manufac- ture and export of linseed oil an6— total 15,107. Cftjiital: Greensburg. PiiblicWorks: Lawrence- burg and I'pjR'r Mississippi R. R. 170 I DrcATL'u county, la. Situate S. on Missouri line, and contain.'^ 540 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Weldea r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r., which traverse tlic co. from N. to S. Surface elevated and beautifully diversified, and the soils eminently fertile. Numerous Hungarians are settled at New Buda, in this county. Farms 46 ; manuf. ; dwell. 145, anil pop.— wh. 964, fr. col. 1— total 965. Capital: Nine Eagles. Decatur county, Teyin. Situate centrally on the W. side of Tennessee r., and contitins 320 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Tennessee r. Surface generally level or undulating, and soils good, producing largely of com, wheat, etc., with some tobacco. Farms 443; manuf. 15; dwell. 941, and pop.— white 5,263, free col. 17, slave 723— total 6,003. Capital : Deeaturville. Decatur, p. v., Morgan co., Ala. : on the S. bank of Tennessee r., 146 m. N. by W. Montgomerj'. The Tuscum- bia ami Decatur R. R. has its E. ternnnus at this point; but lliis R. R. nnw forms a link in the great Memphis and Churlcstoji Route. The v. has considerable trade, and has a weekly newspaper, called the ''Morgan Advertiser." Pop. about 700. Decatur, p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Ga. : on the line of the Georgia R. R.. 165 m. from Augusta, and 6 from Atlanta, 83 m. AV. N. W. Miiledgeville. It is pleasantly located in a fine liilly region, and is a v. of considerable pretensions. Pop. 744. Decatfr, p. v., and cap. Macon co., III. : on the N. W. side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 39 m. E. by N. Spring- field. It is situate on the edge of an extensive prairie, aud in the midst of a fine agricultural region. It is one of the most thriving of the inland towns of the State ; and its fu- ture, when the Central R. R. and other railroads intended to intersect it are finished, will be one of great prosperity, lis inhabitants number some 600, and the immediate vi- cinity is thickly settled. Deoatur. p. v., and cap. Adams Co., Tiid. : on the W. «idc of St. Mary's r. of the Maumee, 96 m. N. E. Indianapo- lis. It contains a C. II., jail, and the co. offices, about 1-0 dwellings.and 231 inhabitants. It has a weekly newspaper, the **D. Gazette" (whig). Decatur, t. and p. o.. Van Buren co., MtcJi. : on the S. Branch of Pawpaw r., SO m. W. by S. Lansing. Pop, 386. Decatur, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Misx. : at the head streams of Chickasawha river, 04 m. E. by N. Jackson. Decitur. t. and p. v.. Otsego co., 2i. >'. .■ 46 m. W. Albany. Drained by Elk and other small streams. Sur- face elevated and hilly. Soil a sandy loam. The v. contains 2S dwellings and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 927. Decatur, p. v., Brown co., Ohio: between the forks of Eagle cr., S4 m. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving v., and has several flour, grist, and saw-raills on the neighboring streams. Pop. 171. Dkcatur, p. v., and cap. Meigs co., Tfinn.: about 2 m. S. E. of Tennessee r., and 117 E. S. E. Nashville. It con- tains the CO. offices and about ISO inhabitants. Decatur, t and p. o.. Mifflin co., p/>nn.: in the mount- ains. 42 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. and watered by Jack's cr. of the Juniata r. It is 14 m. N. E. of Lewistown. Decatur, t. and p. v., Greene co., Wise: 32 m. S. Mad- ison. The v. lies on the W. side of Sugar r, a branch of Roek river. Pop. of I. 55?. Decaturtille. p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Temi.: 82 m. S. E. Nashville. Decatukville, p. v., Washington co., Ofiio: 78 m. S. E. Columbus. Decker's Creek, p. o. Preston co., Virg. : on a cr. of Cheat r. so called. 1S3 m. N. W. Richmon-I. Di-cKERTOWN, p. o., Sussex CO., A' Jer. : on the W. side of Wallkill r,, 60 m. N. Trenton. It has several stores, and about 160 iidiabitants. The neighborhooil is a fine lime- stone counIr}\ DEC DEF Decobaii, p. o., ■Winneshiek co., la.: 113 m. N. by W. Iowa Ciiy. Dei>uam, t., p. v., and cap. Norfolk co., Mass. : on Charles r., IS m. S. S. "W. Boston. Neponset r. runs on its E. border, and u small stream nms from Cliarles r. into Neponset r. — these affurd gooil water-power. The whole t. is well culti- Taled. The v. is pleasantly sitnalcd on Charles r.. and con- tains abont200 dwellings, and the eo. buildin^rs. The Boston and Providence E. 11. passes through the t., and <;;ives olT a branch R. R., 2 m. long, to the village. Manufactures are carried on to some extent, and there arc two newspapers published weekly, the "D. Gazette" (free soil), and the "Norfi)lk Democrat." Pop. 4,47T. Deed's Ckeek, p. o., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. N. by E. Indiannpolis. Deepsville, p. v., Jefferson co., ht. : 46 m. S. by "VV. Iowa City. Deep Ckeek, p. v., Norfolk co., Virg. : at the N. terminus of the Dismal Swamp Canal, and on both sides of it. 87 m. S. E. Pichniond. It has a consirlerable trade, and exports cedar-wo(jd and other products of the Swamp. Pop. about ItiO. The canal extends between Deep cr., a branch of Elizabeth r.. 10 m. from Norfolk, and Joyce's cr.. forming thus a connection between Albemarle Sound and nami)ton Iloatls — Ienn;Ih "23 miles. It is fed by Lake Drumniond. and the feeder, 3j m. long, 2\ feet deep, and 12 feet wide, is also navigalile. The main canal is 40 feet wide and 6 feet deep, and has 5 stone locks on it, lOD feet by 22 feet. V>Kv.v Ci:t, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 94 m. W. N. "\V. Columbus. Dekimkii-l. p. v.. Ecnssalaer co., K. Y. : on the line of the Troy and Boston K. P., 7 m. from Troy, and 13 N. by E. Albany. Deep Pivep., p. v., Middlesex co., Conii: 33 m. S. by E. Hartford. It is situate at the confluence of Deep r. with tlie Connecticut. Deep Pivep., p. o., Lake co., /n//. .* on Deep r., a branch of Calumic r., 136 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Deep Pitec, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 56 m. "W. by N. Iowa City. Deep Piver, p. o., Guilford co., iV' Car. : on the r. so called, a constituent of Cape Eear r., 72 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. Deep river, X. Car. : one of the constituents of Cape Fear r. It has its sources in Guilford co., where it passes through Kanditlph into Moore and Chatham counties, in tlie last of wliich it joins the Haw, the principal branch, from which point it assumes the name of Cape Fear Pivcr. Deep ^Vatee, p. o., Henry co.,J/(j. ; on the N. side of Deep Water cr., a tributary of Osage r., 100 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Deep AVatee, p. o., Marshall co., dUns: : 167 m. N. by E. Jackson. Deep "VV'ell, p. o., Iredell co., N. Car, : 122 m. W. Raleigh. Deer Buook, p. o., Noxubee co.. Miss.: 108 m. N. E. Jaek.son. Deer Creek, p. v., Livingston oo., Mich. : 29 m. S. E. Lansing. Det:k Creek, p. o., Mercer co., Penv. : 216 m. "W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Defp, Cheek, p. o., Carroll co., Tnd. ; on a cr. of "Wabash r. so called, 61 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Deer cr. is a fine miU-slream rising in the S. part of Miami eo..and running through Cass and Carroll counties to the Wabash, which it joins near Delplii. Deer Creek, p. o., Issaquena co., Miss. : 49 m. N. W. Jackson. DEF.RnELi), p. v., Pnn.iolph en., /»//. .• on the S. bank of the Mississinewa r., 72 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. DEEKFiEi.n. p. v.. Lake co., ///..• equidistant between Lake Michigan and IVs Plaines r., 192 m. X. E. SpriuiifieM. Deekfielp. p. v., Li'uawee co., 3Iivh.: aw the N". hank of Paisin r., 06 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan Suutliern R. R. pasess through the village, 24 m. from Monroe, and 224 m. from Chicago. Defef-ielp, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Musr. : 7S m. W. Boston. ])rained by Deertleld r., which falls into the Con- necticut r., here forming the E. border of the town. The lands are very fertile, and afford the best meadows in the Male. The v. is situated on a plain separated from the Connecticut by a chain of hills, and consists chiefly of one street. The town is almost wholly agricultural in its indus- try. Pop. 2,4-.'l. Deerfielo, I. and p. v., Pockingham co., X. Uamp. : 16 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r.. which nms through it. Surface unevm and soils difficult. Pop. 2.li22, Deerfiei.p, t. and p. v.. Portage co,, Ohio: in tiie S. E. corner of ttie co. The S. branch of Mahoning r. passes through llie t. ; the v. is located centrally. Pop. of 1. 1,371. Deerfielp. p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : on Middle r.. a branch of the 8. fork of Shenandoah r., lOS m. W. N. "W. Piehmond. Defrfielp. p. v., Carroll par.. La. : 156 m. N. by W. Batim Pouge, Deekfielp. t. and p. v., Dane eo.. Wise. : 16 m. E. Madi- son. Drained by a fine mill-stream flowing into Lake Koah- konong. Surface level and soils rich. The v. lies on the N. side of the creek. Pop. C39. Drerfiei.p Street, p. v., Cumberland co., X. Jtr. : 55 m. S. by "W. Trenton. Pop. about ISii. Deerpielp Village, p. v., Warren co., Ohio : on the N. bank of Little Miami r., 76 m. S. \V. Cohimbus. It was founded in 1795. but has never progressed on account of its liability to inundation, and its population does not now ex- ceed 1211 souls. Deer Gro^t.. p, o.. Cook co., III. : in the N. part of the CO., on a cr. of Des Plaines r.. 178 m. N. E. Sprintrfield. Deering, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., N. Hidhj: : 21 m. S. "NV. Concord. Drained by Contooeook r. Surface diver- sifliMi and soils of average fVrtihty. Large quantities of brick are manufactured in this town. Pop. 1,890. Deek Isle, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 56 m. E. by S. Augusta. The t. consists of an island on tho K. side of Penobscot Bay, and two or tliree small islamls adjacent. These islands are fertile, and, having good harbr. W. by W. Richmond. De Kalb, p. v., Boivie co., Tltr. .• on Mud cr. of Red r., 297 in. X. E. Austin City. De Kalb, p. v., Crawford Co., Ohio: 66.m. N. by E. Columbus. Df. Kalb Cesthe, p. o., De Kalb co., III. : 145 m. N. X E. Springfield. Dekop-ea, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : 26 m. N. Madison. Drained by tlie Wisconsin r., which runs through it The V. is situated on the S. E. side of the stream, and is well located for trade. Pop. oft. 661. Delafielti, t. and p. v., Waukesha co.. Wise. : 49 m. E. Madison. Pop. 1,1-34. De Lancet, p. v., Madison co. X. Y. : H'4 m. W. N. W. Albany. Delapalma, p. o.. Brown count}', Ohio: S2 m. S. W, Columbus. Delwan, p. v., Tazewell co., HI. : 42 ift. N. by E. Springfleld. Delavan, p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 243 m. W by S. Albany. It is located on a tributary of Cattaraugus creek. Delavax, t. and p. v., Walworth co., TFwc. ; 49 m. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,260. THE STATE OF DELAWARE. Delawake. next to llhodo IsLind, tlie smallest State of the Union, and, in point of popnla'.ion, much inferior to that State, lies between 35° 2S' and 39° 47' latitudes N., and between 74° 5fi' and 750 46' longitudes W. of Greenwich, or 1° 22' and 2° 06' E. of Washington. It is bounded on t'ae N. by Pennsylvania (from which the arc of a circle drawn with a raiiius of 12 miles from Newcastle iis a centre, divides it), on the E. by Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the S. and W. by Maryland, occupying the north-eastern portion of the peninsula between the l)ays Chesapeake and Delaware. Tho N. and W. and S. boundaries were originally tletcrmined by Mason and Dixon, under whose name tho lines are stiil known. The length of tho Slate, X. and S., is about 112 miles, anrl iu widtli varies from 36 miles in the S. to less than 10 in the N., the area being 2.12(1 sq. mile-s. Nearly the whole of Delaware lies on tho Atlantic plain. The northern part, liowevcr, to Christiana creek, belongs to tlie primary tract, and is hilly and somewhat nigfjed ; but there are no hills exceeding 500 feet in height above the ocean. South of the creek above named, the surface is an almost perfect level, the general slope being toward tho Delaware and the ocean. In the south-weat the direction of the slope is toward Chesapeake'Bay, A table-land, or low sandy ridge, nowhere more than 60 or 70 fv-et Sn bright near its westtTU boundary, passes through the State, and forms the waU-rshed of the peninsula. This table-liin»l abounds with swamps, in which most of the rivers and streams liave their sources, some flowing west into the Chesapeake, and others east into the Delaware. .\t the southern extremity of the Sta(e is the Cypre.is Swamp, a morass 12 miles in length and G miles in width, including an area of 50,000 acres of land, the whole of which is a higli and level ba.sin, very wet, though undoubtedly the highest land between tho sea and tiic bay. This swamp contains a great variety of trees and plants, and is iiif-'SlM by wild anima's and reptiles. In the northern parts of the State, along the Delaware Kiver and Bay, and for S or 10 miles inland, the soils are generally rich clays, in which llic most useful agricultural staples can be e:usily reared ; fmm tlienco to the swamps the soil is light and sandy, and of an ijiferior quality ; and the central and southern parts have also a sandy soil, which gradually 172 DELAWARE. becomes more unproductive as the south is approacbcd. Bojz-imn ore is inmicl in the .swamj>y traels iti tiie soutli, and li;i3 long been used for economical purposes; shell marl, highly viiluahli- in agriculture, oc.urs. and in the north is found kaolin or porcelain day, which has supplied the Philadelphia Works wiih thai valual>le earth. The diniale of the State is generally mild, and highly favorable to agricultural pursuits. The niinlic-rn portion lias a salubrious atmosphere, but where the land is swampy, entlcmie sicknesses prevail to a considerable extgnt. Tlio natural productions are similar to those of the middle region of the Atlantic States. Some large timber grows in the north, and ihrougUoiU the State, in localities, woods of various kinds are foimd, and nuu-h has been exported at ditTcrcnl pcrioils. All the rivers of Delaware are small, generally rising within the State, and flowing into the Delaware ; the Rrandywino, however, comes in iVom Pennsylvania, and the head waters of the Choi)lank and Nanticnke, which pass into Maryland, are within its limits. The streams are generally wide in proportion to their length, and navigable by small craft s(^veral miles from their mouths. The Brandy wine (Brandewyne or Brandy Kiver, of the Dutch) is, in the upper part of its course, a valuable mill-slream, but at Wilmington it receives Christiana Creek, and beconu'S navigable for large ships. Bmall vessels also go up the latter branch to Christiana Bridge. Tiie Appoquinnimink Pciver, Duck Creek, Jones' Creek, Motlier or Murder Kill, Mispilion or Mospihon Creek, Broad Kill, Indian Creek, etc., are the oilier principal streams. The e:isLcrn shore is washed by Delaware Bay ; in ail its length it has no good harbors, but generally presents long sandy beaches to the waves. To remedy this inconvenience, the General Government lias constructed the Delnwaro Breakwater, opposite the village of Lewestown, and above Cape ITenlopen: it consists of two piers, one ofwliieh is designed to form a shelter from the fury of the waves, which roll in here vnlh great violence, and the otiier to afford protection from the masses of floating ice brought down by the et>b tide. The l>reakwater proper is 2.7^^5 foot h^ng at the biiUom, or 2,030 feet above high water, 75 feet wide at low water mark, and raiseii lo feet above low, or 3 f ct above high water mark. The ict>breaker is 1,710 feet iu length at bottom, and l.:t7s at top. of the same breadth as the breakwater, but only 9 feet in height. The whole work has cost nearly $-3,000,000. PLelMlmth Bay, and the estuary, called Indian I'iver, are the only arms of the sea extending inland : these, about 9 miles south of Cape Henlopen, are spacious but shallow basins, not admitting vessels of more than t) feet draft. Cape False is the headland forming the south side of their common inlet from the ocean. The first Kuropean settlers of Delaware were Swedes and Dutch, and their posterity still remain here, but have become merge , Census. Persons. Free. Slavt;, Poptiblitin. Wuinerirai. Fen^eriL 1790 46,310 3,^99 8,8S7 f)9,09G ISOO 49,852 8,36S 6,153 64.273 5,177 SJ ISIO 55,361 13^136 -1,177 72.674 S,401 13.T 1S20 55.2o2 12.95S 4,5ii9 72.749 75 0.1 ls30 57,601 15,^55 3.292 7):.74S 3.999 5.4 1S40 5S,561 16.919 2,6n5 K.iX^ 1,337 1.7 IboO 71,259 17,957 2,2S9 91.535 13.450 17.3 Of the total population, in T^SO, there were persons deaf and dumb, 'i-^x blind, 46; insane. 70 ; and idiotic, 101. The State of Delaware is divided into 3 counties and 25 hundreds. The counties are Newcastle, in lite north ; Kent, iu the middle ; and Sussex, in the south. Xewcastle County is subdivided into 9 hundreds, viz. ; Appoquiunimiidi. Br.'indy wine, Christiana, Mill Creek, Newcastle, Pencader, Eed Lion, St. Georiic's, and White Clay Creek, and contains an area of 271,490 acres. Kent County is subdivided into 6 hun2 acres — valued together at the sum of $lf!,SSO,031. Number of farms, 6,063. Value of farming implements and machinery, ii;510.279. /Jrt'-Stoc^'. — Horses, 13,S52 ; asses and mules, 791 ; milch ows, 19,24S; working oxeUj 9,797 ; 'iiticr c:i(t!e, 24,16i); sheep. 27,503 ; and swine, 56,261 — valued in the aggregate at $I,S49.2S1. Grain Crops. — Wheat, 4S2,251 bushels: rye. S,066 bushels; Indian corn. 3.145,533 bushels; oats, 604.51S buMluIs ; barley. 56 bushels; and buckwheat, S,015 bushels. Ot/ier Croj)fi.—VQas and beans. 4,120 busluds; Irish potatoes, 2 iO.542 liushels; sweet potatoes, 65.413 bushels; hay, 80,159 tons; elover-seed, 2.525 bushels ; other grass-seed, 1.41^)3 bushels; hops. 34S pounds: water-rotted hemp, 570 tons; flax, 11,050 pounds; flax-seed, S5S bushels; molasses, 50 gallons; wine. 145 gallons, ete. T!i'' value of orchard products amounted to $46..574: and the value of market-garden products, to .•fl2.7I4. rrochicts of Aniimil'i. — Wool, 57.765 pounds: butter. l,t'55,30S pouiuls: cheese. ".I'-T pnunds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year, ^.373,605. Beeswax and honey were produced to (he amount of 41.24^ pouurls. Ihnne-mude inanvfiictnrf.^ fur the year ending 1st June, 1>50. were value37 1843 .. 95,682 ... 4.6S5 1S44 .. 120,177 ... 8,093 1846 .. 183,195 ... 2.274 1846 .. 146,222 .. .. 11.515 1847 .. 235.469 ... .. 12,722 1S4S .. 83,063 ... 490 1849 .. 83,229 ... 1,400 1860 none none IiU^rnul Communication, — Except in the north, where the State is crossed by a canal and two railroads, the lines of travel are over ordinary tarnpilie and M'Adam roads. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is an important work, connecting those bays by a channel navigable for sea-going vessel.'*; it extends from Delaware City, 46 miles below I'hiladclphia, to Back Creek, a navigable branch of Elk Itiver, in Maryland, 13J miles, and is 66 feet wide at the top .nnd 10 feet deep, and it has two tide and two lift locks. The deep cut in this canal is 4 miles in length, through a hill 9'l feet high. The work was completed in 1829, at a cost of $2,250,000. The Newcastle and Frenchtown K. K. extends alao across the peninsula, between the Delaware and the Chesapeake. lOi miles, and, in connection with steamboats at each terminus, forms a convenient line of Iransporlation between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The riiil.adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore K. E. crosses Delaware further norlh, and is the nearest land line between those cities, nnd the usual route taken by travelers between the Northern and Southern States. These are all the completed works of internal improve- ment wilhin the State, but there are others projected and in progress, the object of which are principally to form a .lireet line from New York to Norfolk in Virginia, and incidentally to afford accommodation to the agrictUttiralisls of the southern sections. JSnnks, ete.—Oxi the 1st day of January, 1851, there were in Delaware six banks and three branch banks. The aggregate condition of these at that date was as follows : ZJoJ.!7;(tV.s— capitid, $1.29.'!.185 ; circulation, $'8S.9liO ; il. -posits. $592,705; other liabilities, $170,873; and as.sf;*— loans and discounts, $2,284,813 ; stocl;.s, $52,988: real estate, $1 17.041 ; other investment.s, $2,ii00 ; other assets, $281,145 : specie funds, $51,122, and specie, $169,778. Gocernm-ent.—'nx present constitution of Delaware gives the right of voting to all free white male citizens 21 years old, and who have resided in the Suite one year and in the county in which Ihey offer to vote one month next before an election. The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Keprcsentativcs. Senators, three from each county, must be at least 27 years old, possessed of 200 acres of tyeeliold land in tlie county, or of an estate therein worth $1,C00, citizens and inhabitants of the State for three years, and for the last year of the county, nnd must be chosen in counties for the term of four years, llepresentativcs must In- at least 24 ycjirs old, and have the same rjualifl- cations as senators, except as regards the property qualiflcalion, and must h(- chosen f.ir two years. The legislature meets at Dover on the lirst Monday in January biennially » 174 DELAWARE. Delaware sends only one Keprcscntnlive to the Federal Consress. The Governor (elected for four years by a plurality of votes) must be at leaat ;J0 yeMrs old, a citizen of the Slate for twelve years next before tlie first meeting of the legislature after his election, and an inhabitant for the last six years. The President of the Senate, the Speaker of the Representatives, and the Secretary of State are successively alleniates to HU the office should it become vacant by death or disability of the Governor; but in case the offlce be Ulled by the Secretary of State, the General Asserably. at its next session, chooses a Governor ad itiUvn/n. If the Governor elect die, decline, etc., the Governor in office continues until a rtew election is had. The Secretary of State is appointeil by the Govenior. The general elections are held on the secontl Tuesday of November. The Judiciary consists of a Superior Court, Court of Chancery, Orphans' C^^u^t, etc. There are five judges in the State, one of whom is Chancellor and President <>( the Orphans' Court, and of the other four, one is Chief Justice of the State, and tliree associate justices, one resident in eaeli county. The Chief Justice anil two of the associates form ttie Superior Court and Court of General Session, and all the judges, except the Chancellor, form the Court of (>yiT and Terminer. The Court of Errors and Appeals is composed of three or more of the judges. The Orphans' Court consists of thi^ Chancellor and the associate judge of the county. Judges are appointed and hold office during good behavior. The Uegister's Court is held by the Kegister, with appeal to the Superior Court, and all proceedings are in writing. The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a two-third vote, unless it be the renewal of nn existing incorporation ; and all acts are to contain a power of revocation by the legislature. No act herealler passed shall be in force longer than twenty years without a re-enactment of the legislature. No person belonging to the mililar}', naval, or marine service of the I'nitcd States can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote by being Btationed at any military or naval post in the State. Finances, et-c. — The government of Delaware is one of the least expensive in the Union. In 1^50 the whole incrtme amounted to only $-31,863 33. and the expenditure to a sum $5,071 41 less than the income. The sources of income were — bank tax. $3,963 61 ; railroad tax, $2,500 ; interest on loans, $.').147 62 ; bank dividends, $15. ^O.'i ; retailers' licenses, etc., $4,352 80; fines, etc.. $549 81, and sundries, $45 49. The expenditures were — executive. $3,333 ^3: legislature, $2,010 97; judiciary, $5,500: school fund. $]5/J47 6-', and balance, $5.071'41. The resources of the State are amply sufficient to meet all expenses of the government without recourse to personal or property tax. The invested capital of the State (including school moneys) amounLs to $414,725 83, and the permanent annual income is as follows : dividends and interest nn loans, $20.(T>2 64; taxes on corporations, $5,725; retailers' and tavern licenses, $4,352 80; flues and forfeitures, $549 81, and sundries. $1,073 75. The State is IVee from debt of any description. Iiirli{iioiis Denominationf:. — The statistics of the several religious denominations, as given by each severally, in 1S50, were as follows: the Protestant Episcopal had a bishop, 16 clergymen, 537 communicants; the Unman Catholics had 4 churches (at Brandywine, Delaware City, Newcastle, and 'Wilmington), and 3 priests; the Baptists (regular) had 1 church, 2 ordained and 2 licensed ministers, and 352 members; the Baptists (anti-missiiHi) had 10 churches. 3 ordained and -J licensed preachers, and 835 members; the Presbyterians (O. S.) belong to the Synod of Philadelphia and Presby- tery of Newcastle, and had 17 ministers and 1.276 member.s; the Presbyterians (N. S.) belong to the Synod of Penn- ajdvania and Presbytery of Wilmington, and had 15 clergy and 1.324 members; the Methodists have about 20 ministers, and are more numerous thaa any other single denomination; and tliere are also a considerable number of Quakers in the State. EducatiMwl StatiMics.—Thc number of free schools in the State in 1850, was 200. and of scholars attending them I3.2SS, divided as follows: Newcastle County, 72 schools and 4,969 scholars; Kent County. 55 schools and 3.ST6 scholars, and Sussex County, 82 schools and 4.443 scholars. The total amount paid for tuition was ^3^^.461 7o, viz. : in Newcastle, $17,293 72 ; in Kent, $10,964 72, anrs. and 107 I'tudents. Pefiodical f^ess.~1hc whole number of newspapers published in Delaware in l^fiO was 11. and of these 2 were issued tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly, and S weekly (of the weekly, however. 3 are editions of the tri-weeklies and the semi- weekly newspapers). The total circulation of each edition of the Iri-weekiies was l,9iin, ol the semi-weekly l.OitO. and '•f the weeklies 4.600 copies^in the aggregate equal to 12,300 copies weekly, or 630.fi':0 copies annually. I/ixton'cal Sl-etch.— Lord De la War. Governor of Virginia, appears to have been the first to enter the bay which tlience took his name. This was in 1610. The Dutch, from whom the names of its capies are derived, frequented it -oi>n after, and had a post at IIa*renkill. but the precise date of their arrival is uncertain. Tlie bay was by them called Nieuw Port 5Iay, or Gcedyn's Bay. and the river Zuyd Itivier, or South Eive.r. The Swedish W. I. Company, chartered :n 1G:*5 by Oxenstiem sent out in 1637 a ship with a body of colonists under Peter Menewe or iMinuits. In the following >-ar Minuits seated himself on the Maniques, now Brandywine liiver. and there built Fort Christina. The Dutch, li.-wever. had never rehnquished their claim in this region, and in If'i.'M they built Fort C'assimir on the site of New- i aslle. The subsequent settlements of the Swedes were mostly within the present limits of Pennsylvania, where New <;ottenburg (Nya-Goetheborg). the capital of New Sweden (Nya-Sveriga). was ftmnded on the Island of Tinicum. In 16.">5 H small force from New Amsterdam reduced the Swedi-^ih settlements, which were incorporated with New Nether- lauds, and with that colony taken possession of by the English in 1664. The settloments on the Delaware, altliouL'h this retrion fell within the chartered limits of Maryland, were attached to the province of New York until 16>1. when they were pureha.'^ed of the Duke r>f Vork by William Penn, who annexed them to Pennsylvania under the name of the '/Vrn'torie.t, <«<'(• Delhi. ru>j s;r-:s;xUrti,it;^.^u-t-^,c- barrier nor is there one for several hundred m. h. frora New York. To partially remedy this inconvemcncc^ *e UnUed States G ivernment have erected a magnificent brektat:rwithi„CapelIc„l,pen. Theam-h^^^^^^ „, rn.,aBtead is in a cove directly west of Ihe C.ip'-. tue sr:;"rdcnd of the >.-uKwaterres.on^he^.. end 0? an extensive shoal, called the Shears, about 2 m. M. of the Cape. (.See Diil.AWAi>E, The State of). ^TBt..;AKE river: rises in two "ranches on .1,^ • sl^ of Catskill Mountains, in the Slate of I forms ifs S. E. borders. The :::;r s m der'e,^^^ •-■' "-« - "' -^^ f-'ir 1 ^, H^'ullivaU-d. Its agricultural products aro wheat, T' t° orn 'mn.">:Uocs, besLies which it furnishes an Indian corn, •'"\1,' ' , f^„ ,^e Philadelphia mar- S™uir:tl;X:::^[f ^ ;'.";™, f„ „„„p, „„d 45 m. from the entrance ■"'" ^ <^ J^'^^;^ ' ^^^vethe nualy transported, there is aiau " ., tril.ularv Ci V 4' miles below Philadelphia, to Back cr., . triMilary orElk'r" Which falls into Chesapeake Bay, this opens a DEL DEN navigable eoniiiiiinication between Bnllimore iinel. : on the 'W. side of Delaware r., 2S m. N. by W. Dover, and about 43 m. bt^Iow Philadelphia. The Chesapeake and Delaware Cana! has its E. terminus at this point, and the village has several warehouses, stores, and about 60 dwellings. Delaware Gkove, p. o., Mercer co., Femu : 2QS m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Delay, p. o., La Fayette co., Miss. : 142 m. N. by E. Jackson. DELErTABLE HiLL, p. V., Piko CO., Ind. : 100 m. S. "W. Indianapolis. DELin, p. v., Jersey co., Pi. : 64 m. S. S. "W. Springfield. Delui, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., la.: on a cr. of M:ik«.o: on the N. side of the Ohio r., between Cincinnati and South Bend, 106 m. B. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati and St. Louis R. E. passes through it. Pop. 1,942. Delphi, p. v., Onondaga co.. K. T. : on the W. side of Limestofie cr., a tributary of Chittenango cr., 21 m. S. E. Syracuse, and 112 W. by N. Albany. It has about 40 dwellings and 300 inhabitants. Dklphos, p. v.,Van Wert co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal. 96 m. N. W. Columbus. DEi.pirroN, p. v., Fayette co., Xy. : 201 m. E. by S, Frankfort. Delieat, p. o., rpson county, Ga. : 72 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Delta cuunty, Mich. Situate between Lake Michigan and the Menomonee r., and contains about 2,160 sq. ra. Erected since l'?50. Delta, p. v., Parke co.. Inrl. : 96 m. W. Indianapolis. Delta, t. and p. o.. Eaton co.. Mii-h. : 4 m. W. Lansing. Grand r. runs through the N. and E. parts of the t. P. 242". Delta, p. v., Coahoma co., J/m. .■ on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., immediately below the Yazoo Bayou, 133 m. K. by W. Jackson. Delta, p. v., Oneida co., iV. Y. : on the W. side of Mo- 13 hawk r. antl the Black Kiver Canal, 90 hl W. N.W. Albany It has several factories and mills, and about ;iOO inhnbitanta. Delta, p. v.. Fullnn co., Ohio: on a cr. of Maumee r.,123 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Democracy, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on the line of the Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg P.. K., 46 m. N. E Columbus. Democracy, p. v., Pike county, -ffy. ; 153 ra. E. S. E. Frankfort. Democeat, p. v., Buncombe co., J\\ Car. : 233 m. W. Kaleigh. Democrat, p. o., Iroquois county. III : 123 m. N. E. Springfield. Demopous, p. v., Marengo co., AUi. : on the E. sif80O souls. Demos, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 114 m. E, Columbus. Dempseytown, p. v., Venango co., Penn. : 173 m.W. N.W, Harrisburg. Denmark, v., Iroquois co., III. : 128 ra. N. E. Springfield, Denmark, p. v., Lee co., la.: about 3 ni. S. of Skunk r., and 63 S. by E. Iowa City. Denmark, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me.: on the N. side of Saco r.. 56 m. 8.W. Augusta. It is a fine wheat-growing section. Pop. 1,243. Denmark, t. and p. v., Lewis co., K. Y. : on the W. side of Black r., 126 m. N. W. Albany, and drained chiefly by Deer cr. Surface somewhat hilly, and soil, rich loam, on a limestone basis. The v. lies on the river bank, and contains about 30 dwellings and 2fc;u inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2.2^. Denmark, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 163 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 241. Denmark, p. v., Madison co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Big Hatchie r., 183 m. W. S. W. NashviUe. Dennino, p. v.. Ulster co., JV. }'. ; 67 m. 8. by W. Albany, Dennis, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., 3Iam. : 64 m. S. E. Boston. The t. extends across Cape Cod. The v. lies on Cape Cod Bay. Salt is here procured in large qu-antitics by the evaporation of sea-water. The inhabitants own consid- erable tonnage, which is engaged in coasting and the shore flsheries. Poj). 3,257. Dennis' Creek, p. o.. Cape May co., JV; Jer. : on Dennis cr., a tributary of Delaware r., 69 m. S. Trenton. Dennis' Mills, p. o., St. Helena par.. La.: 86 m. N. E. Baton Rouge. Dennison's Corners, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 72 m. N. E. Albany. Dennistille, p. v., Amelia county, Virg. : 39 m. S. W, Richmond. Denny, p. o., Warren co.. III. : S6m. N. W. Springfield. Dennysville, t. and p. o., Washington co., Me.: on the N. E. of Denny's river of Cobscook Bay, 131 m. E. by N. Augusta. Denoon, p. v., Waukesha co., Wi.^c. : 55 ra. E. Madison. Densontown, p. v.. Rankin co., MitiS. Dent county. Mo. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Draineil in the N. by tributaries of Maramec r., and in the S. the head waters of Current r., all of which have their sources in a chain of hills, and traverse the co. in an E. and W. direction. Organized since 1S50. Dent, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio : 100 m. S. W. by W Columbus. Denton county. Tcir. Situate N.,and contains 960 sq. m. Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r., which here spread widely over the whole co. Surface elevated and well wooded. Soils of extraordinary fertility. Farms 81; manuf. ; dwell. I'i9. and pop.~wh. 631, fr. col. 0, si. 10— total 641. Capital: Alton. Denton, p. v., and cap. Carohne co., Md. : on the E. Bido^of Choptank r..39 m. E. by S. Annapolis, It is a place of considerable trade, and contains a substantial court- house, three churches, a bank, etc. 17T DEN DET Benton Cbeee, p. v., Denton po., T&t. ; on Denton Fork of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. Dknville, p. v., Morris co., JV'. Jer.: 46 m. N. by E. Trent<^n. Depanville, p. v., Jefferson co., 2^. T. : at the falls of Catfish cr., 15S ra. N. W, Albany. It contains several mills and about 30 dwellingra. De Petster, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2f. T. : on the S. of Blaek Lake and Oswegatchic r., 152 ra. N. "W". Albany. The soils are excellent — surface undulating. The rillage is a email agricoltural settlement, containing about 40 inhabitants. De Piehe, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Wise. : on the E. side of the Neenah or Fox r., 112 m. N. N. E. Madison. It is situated at the Do Piere rapids, which afford immense water-power. It is a tillage of great expectations. Deposit, p. v., Delaware co., y, T. : on the N. side of Delaware r., 90 m. S. W. Albany. The New York and Erie R. K. passes through the place, IS" m. from New York and 2S2 m. from Dunkirk. It has long been noted as a place of deposit for lumber floated doivn the Delaware, and has otherwise an extensive and valuable trade. The population is now about SOO souls. The "D. Courier" is published weekly. Derby, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. : 36 m. S. S. W. Hartfort^ Drained by Naugatuck r. and other streams of the Houeatonic r., which last washes its S. W. border. The principal village is situated at the head ofaloop navigation, on the E. side of the Housatonic. just below the confluence of the Naugatuck, 12 m. from the sound. It has consider- able coasting trade. The t. has numerous manufactures, chiefly of wool and cotton. Pop. 8,S24. Deebt, L and p. v.. Orleans co., Verm. : 55 m. N. by E. Mootpelier, Lake Mcmphremagog bounds it on the W., and the interior is drained by Clyde r., which rises in Salem Pond, and affords water-power. The country is here well timbered and the lands fertile. Pop. 1,750. Dkeby Lise, Orleans co., Verm.: 5S m. N. by E. Montpelier. DEnicssoN's Cnoss Koais, p. c, Worcester co., JTd. : on the S. Bide of Aydelotto's Branch of Pocomokc r., 7S m. P. E. Annapolis. Deeky. t and p. v., Eockingham co., 2v'. I/amp. : 28 m. S, S. E. Concord. 4ts lands are well adapted to grazing, and it has gome manufactures. The village is pleasantly located on the E. side of Beaver r., and is intersected by the Manchester and Lawrence E. E., 11 m. from Man- Chester. Fop. oft. I,?o0. De R uy t e e, t. and p. v., Madison co., Ji. K ; 105 m. Vf. Albany. Drained by the upper stream of Tioughnioga r. Surface high and hilly, with soils clay and sandy loam. The T. on the S. E. side of the r. has about 60 dwellings and 350 inhabitants. Pop. oft 1,931. Des Arc, p. o., Prairie co., ArK: Desha cotinty, Ark. Situate S. E., and contains 612 sq. m. The Arkansas and White rivers unite in this co., and fall into tlie Mississippi, which borders it on the E. Bayou Bartholomew also traverses the co. from N. W. to S. E., be- sides which drainage is effected by a number of lakelets and creeks tributaries to the great streams above named. Sur- (ace low and level, subject to extensive inundations. Soils fertile, where susceptible of cultivation. Farms 118 ; manuf. 2; dwell. 350, and pop.— wh. 1,675, fr. col. 56, si. 1,1C9— total 3,900. Capitle of land carriage, the lumber chiefly brought down from the northern parts of the State. Ship and boat building is also a very large and important branch of business. Tliere are also three large foundries, with machine shops connected with them, which manufacture steam-engines, mill-irons, machiner)- of various kinds, stoves, plows, etc These em- ploy about 200 hands. There are also two boiler factories for the manufacture of boiU-rs fiir steam-engines, and sev- eral machine-shops for working in iron and some in brass. There are likewise two pail factories, a sash factory, a steam flouring-mill, two tanneries, and flvo breweries. Cabinet- making, and most other kinds of mechanical employments, are pm-sued to a considerable extent, and something is done at shoemaking, but much the largest portion of the boots and shoes worn in Michigan are made in Massachusetts, and most of the cabinet ware and coarse tlothing comes from New York. In addition to the retail trade there is a heavy wholesale business done in Detroit, and the amount of it is annually increasing. Nearly all the merchants of the interior depend on Detroit to replenish their stock, and a large portion of tJiem buy all their goods there. The export and import trade of Detroit is immense. The imports coastwise, for 1>48. are estimated at $3,502,666, and the exports at $2,7S1,192, and the port has also a consider- able trade with Canada, much of it illicit. The greater portion of the agricultural products of the State are shipped from Ibis port. The shipping belonging to or owned in the collection district are SO steamers, 4 propellers, 1 barge, 8 brigs, 109 schooners, and 36 sloops — in the aggregate, 2-3,619 tons. Eegidar lines of steamers sail and arrive daily to and from all parts, connecting hero with tlie Michigan Central R. E., and with it forming a direct line from the north and east to Chicago and the Mississippi, and by this route thousands of emigrants travel annually, and millions of dollars'-worth of property are transported. There are several charitable institutions in the city, and much attention has been paid to education. Among tho charitable institutions, the orphan asylums stand pre-emi- nent, and reflect much credit on the inhabitants. There are also several scientific and Uterary societies, as the Historical Society, the State Literary Institute, the Medical Society, etc. ITcre, also, is one of the branches of the University, and 3 miles above tho city is St. Philip's College; Primary and Public Schools are numerous, and there are a sufficient number of private and classical schools to supply all exi- gencies. The periodical press of Detroit consists of 3 daily newspa- pers, 1 tri-weekly, 7 weeklies, and 2 monthlies ; the dailies are, the " D. Free Press'' (dem.), which has also a tri- weekly and weekly issue ; the " D. Advertiser'' (whig), which has also a weekly issue ; and the '' Daily Tribune ;'* the weeklies are the " Peninsular Freeman" (free soil) ; " Le Citoyen'' (French) ; the "Western Advocate" (whig): the " New Covenant" (relig.) : and the " Michigan Christian Herald" (Baptist); and the monthlies are "■Wellman's Miscellany" (lit.) ; and the '■ Michigan Farmer" (agrie.) All these are conducted with an energy and talent surpassed only by the metropolitan press. Detroit has 4 banks, the condition of which, on the 2fith Dec, IST'l, was as follows: liabilities— capital, $761,223; deposits, $705.692 ; circulation, $607.55S ; due banks, $22.S5S ; and profits, $375,084 : and resources— loans, $1,202.64?; specie, $150,244 ; bank balances, $275,033 ; real estate, $193.025 ; and stocks, mortgaires, etc.. $650,000. The Mich- igan State Bank had a capital of $151 ,57S: llie Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, $327,580 ; the Peninsular Bank, $100,000 : and the Michigan Insurance Bank, $1S2,0T0. The present site of the city of Detroit, seems to have been visited by the French fls early as 1610. In 1720 the Fort I'ontehartrain had been previously located here. In 1759 the country fell into the hands of the English, and in 17S3 became a part of the United States. In 1802 the Yillage was incorj^omted ; in 1S05 it was destroyed by fire ; in ISH' tho "/•t of incori>oration was repealed ; in 1812 the fort and town surrendered to the British, but were reoccupied in ISl'^ : in 1S15 it was re-incorporated. Such is the chronrOogy of its history. In 1810 it contained 770 inhabitants; in ]820i 1.442 ; in 1830, 2,222; in lS4i), 9,192; in 1S45, 13,065: and in 1850, 21,019. 179 DET Die Detroit strait: this stream conducts the collected wa- ters of lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, to Lake Erie. It is the largest stream of Michigan, and its local position makes it the most important. The word D'Etroit (^>.) signifies strait, and, as applied to this stream, is a more appropriate appellation than the word rifer, and was first given to it by the French on its discovery. It is about 25 m. long, and on an average, one and a tenth of a milii broad, and 36 feet deep. It moves with an equable current of about 2 m. per hour. lis descent is 3 inches per mile, or 6 feet and 3 inches for its whole length. Its cfuirse is first south-westerly, and tlnn southerly. In the winter season it closes with ice only after a continued succession of severely cold weather. If the tenijierature i>f the atmos- phere moderates but for a few days, and that moderation even not above the freezing point, it will open by the action of its powerful current, wliieh wears away the thickest ice in a short time. Hence the stream is not often long closed. It has been known to remain one frozen bridge for six weeks, but it was a phenomenon in its history, rarely known, and then only in seasons of the greatest severity. It receives several inconsiderable streams from the American, and two or three from the Canadian shore. The most considerable is the Rouge. There are a number of islands tliat divert its waters, though they a,O02. Capital: Clin- ton. J^'illic Works: Illinois Central R. R. De Witt county, Ten, sugar, and the grains. Farms 100; manuf. 3; dwell. 237, and pop. — wh. 1,148. fr. enl. t), si. 5(JS— totil 1,716. Cajnt^il: Cuero. De Witt. p. v., Pc Witt co.. JU. : on the N. side of Salt cr. of Sangamon r., .53 ni. E. N. E. Springfield. De Witt, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., la.: abou; 4 m. X. of Wapsipinicon r., and 49 m. K. In- N. Iowa City. P. 459. De Witt, t. and p. v., Clinton county, Mich.: 2 m. N. Lansing. The v. is located on the N. l>ank of Lookiug- glasfi r. It is a flourishinz place, and has a newspaper, the , "Clinton Express." wliich is issued weekly. I'op. 706. j De Witt, p. v., Carroll co., Mo. : on the N. bank of the i 180 Missouri r., about 5 m. W. of the mouth of Grand r., 81 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Dk Witt, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., N", Y.: on both, sides of Butternut cr., and adjoining the city of Syracuse, 113 m. W. Albany. The surface is uneven, and there is abundance of water-lime, which is largely quarried and exported. The v. on the W. side of the cr. is a small agri- cultural settlement. Pop. oft. 3,3l>2. De WiTTTiLLE, p. v., Chautauque co., If. Y. : 256 m. W. by S. Albany. Dexter, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3te. : on the water- shed between Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, 49 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. is located at the outlet of a large pond of 5ii0 acres, and has good hydrauHc power. The soil of the t. is fertile, and produces excellent wheat. Pop. 1.94S. Dexter, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mirk. : on Mill cr., at its confluence with Huron r., 42 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is a thriving v., and has an abundance of water-power : and the Michigan Central R. R. passes through it 46 m. from Detroit, and 2^56 m. from Chicago. Dextee, p. v., Jeflerson co., N. Y. : on the N. side of Black r. at its mouth, 147 m. N. W. Albany. It has an un- interrupted communication with Lake Ontario through Black River Bay, and piers have been constructed by the United States to improve its harbor. Within the v. are sev- eral extensive mills and factories, worked by w.itcr-power ; and the Watertown and Rome R. R. passes near it. Pop. 7i>0. Diamond Grove, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : li6 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Diamond Geote, p. o., Brunswick co., Tirg. : on the N. side of Meherrin r., 55 m. S. S. W. Richmond. Diamond Hill, p. o., Anson co., JVi Ca?: : 104 m. S. W. Raleigh. Diamond Hilt., p. o., Providence co., li. I. Diana, t. and p. o., Ij?wi3 county, ^^. Y. : 124 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Indian r., and the S. branch of Oswe- gatchie r. Surface billy, and soil, sandy and gravelly loam, adapted to grass. I>iANA MiLL3, p. v., Buckingham co., Virg.: 72 m. W. Richmond. Di;vs Ckeee, p. v., Cape May county, JV. Jer. : 67 m. S. Trenton. DiCKENSONTiLLE, p. V., RusscU CO., YirQ. : 267 m.W. by S. Richmond. DiCKEvsviLLE, p. V., Grant co., ITwc..* ou tho S., and 2 ni. distant from Platte r., 69 m. W. S.W. Madison. Lead is abundant in the neighborhood. Dickinson county, Jit. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S50. Dickinson, t. and p. v., Franklin county, X. I' .* 142 ra, N. by W. Albany. Drained by Racket r. and the upper streams of St Regis r. The N. part of the t. only is inhab- ited, the S. being still a wilderness, abounding in lakes, and covered with dense forests. The v. is on Deer r., a con- stituent of the St. Regis river. Pop. oft. 1,1U*. Dickinson, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Penn.: 24 m, S. W. Ilarrisliurg. The country is hilly, and the soils cal- careous. Iron ore abundant. Yellow Breeches cr. affords good water-power, and there arc several factories and mills along its banks ; also several furnaces and forges. Popu- lation, 3.027 Dickinson, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 m. W. S. W. Richmond. DicKiNsox's Stobb, p. o., Bedford county, Virg. : 117 ra. W. by S. Richmond. Dickson county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 724 sq. m. Tlio co. lies on the watershed between the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, the fonner of which forms its N. K. line. The surface is varied, and the soils of average fertility, producing all the grains, with some tobacco and cotton. Timber abundant. Farms 407: manuf. 14; dwell. 10,fiSit, and pop.— wh. C,2S5. fr. col. 1, si. 2,118— total 8,404. Capitui : Ch&rloHti. Public Work^ : UsahvUle Die DOD and Henderson K. E.; and the Nashville and Mississippi K. K. DicKBOs'8 Mills, p. o., Parke counly, Ind. : 59 m. W. Indianapolis. DionTON, I., p. v., and port, Bristol co., Mposite side of the r. is "Dighton Rock," celebrated fur an ancient inscription which has never been siiti.sfaotorily iiiferprtti;d. Pop. I,'i41. Billk's Bottom, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 104 ni. E. Columbus. Dillon, p. o., Tazewell eo., HI. : about 3 m. N. of Mack- inaw cr. of Sansriimon r., 51 m. N. by K. Springfield. Dillon's IUtn, p. o., Hampshire co., Virg.: 146 m. N.W. Biehmond. DiLi-siionovGii, p. v., Dearborn co., hid. : about 4 m. N. of Laugherj' cr., 79 m. S. E. Indiannpolis. BiLLSBURGii, p. v., York CO., Penn. . 13 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. DiLLvvoRTUTowN, p. V., Chester co., Pemi. : 69 m. E. S. E. Harrisl>urg:. Di-MMiCK, p. v., La Salle county, lU.: 123 m. N. N. E. Springfield. DiiionK, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Pcnn. : 113 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. DiNGMANSKUEG, v., Shclbv CO., Ohio : 63 m. W. N- AV. Columbus. Dingman's Fehry, p. 0., Pike co., Petm. : on Dingraam's cr. of the Delaware r., 123 m. N. E. Harrisburg. DiNSMORE, t. and p. o., Shelby eo., Ohio: m the N. part of the CO., 72 m. W. N. W. Columbus. DiNwiitDiE county, T^rj?* Situate S. E., and contains 616 bq. m. Drained by tributaries of Appomattox and Nottoway rivers, which bound it N. and S. respectively. Surface moderately uneven or rolling. Soils fertile naturally, but deteriorated. Tobacco, Indian corn, and wheat are the great staples. Manufactures, trade, and commerce are in a flourishing condition. rarms703; manuf. 71; dwell. 2,745, and pop.— wh. 10,9S5, fr.eol. 3,253,81. 10,SSO— total 25,118. Capital : Dinwiddie C. H. Public Work^ : Petersburg B. K.; South Side R. Fv., et^. Dinwiddie Contx-HousE, p. v., and cap. Dinwiddie co., Vifff. : on the N. side of Stoney cr. of Nottoway r., So m. S. by W. Bichmond. Dinwiddie'8 Tan i'ard, p. o., Campbell co., Tlrg. : 93 TO. S. W. Bichmond. Dirt Town, p. v., Chattooga county, Ga. : 1G3 m. N. "VT. Millo.le.'ville. T'lsMAL Swamp, Virg. and K Car. : a large marshy tract of land, commencing a little S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and oxlcnding into North Carolina. It covers about 150,000 acres, and is 30 m. long IVom N. to 8., and 10 m. wide. This tract is covered with trees, some of which are of enor- mous size, and between them is brushwood so tliick as to be almost impen-ious. In the midst of the swamp is Lake Drummond, 15 m. in circumference. A navigable feeder, 3 m.long, from this lake, ser\-es to supply the main trunk of the Dismal Swamp Canal, which extends from Deep cr., a branch of Elizabeth r., 10 m. from N(»rfolk to Joyce's cr., a branch of Pasquotank r., forming a connection between Albemarle Sound and Hampton Boads. This canal is 23 m. long, 40 feet wide, and 6 feet deep, and at intervals of a quarter of a mile it is 66 feet wide for turn-out stations. The summit level is 16} feet above mid-tide in the Atlantic Ocean. There are 5 stone locks on it, 100 feet long by 32 feet wide. Cost $1,112,328. DiTNET Hill, p. o., Dubois co., 7jk?.; 104 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Divide, p. o., Marion county, la, : 84 m. TV. by S. Iowa City. Dividing Ceeek, p. v. Cumberland co., K. Jer. : on the cr. so called, which flows into Maurice Cove, of Dtilawaro Bay. 69 m. S. by W. Trenton. The cr. is navigable to the v., which contains about ISO inhabilanls. Dis Creek, p. o,, Chickasaw co., Mu'is. : 127 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. DisFiELD, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the N. bank of Androscoggin r., 31 m. W. N. W. Augusta. It has a productive soil, well adapted to the growth of whcaL Pop. 1,1 SO. Dix Hill, p. o., Sufl"olk co., 3: 1'. .- 124 m. S. by E. Albany. DixMONT, t, and p. v., Penobscot co., M^.: 3S m. N. E. Augusta. Surface undulating and the soil fertile. It is sit- uated on the highland between the Kennebec and Penob- scot, and drainrd by affluents of both rivers. It has con- sideralile wator-power and fine mill seats. Pop. 1,605. 1»IXMUN.T Mills, p, o., Penobscot co., Mc, : 36 m. N. E. August:!. DixoN, p. v., and cap. Lee co.. 111.: on the S. E. sido of Bock r., 142 m. N. by E. Springfield. The liue of the Central B. B. crosses Bock r., at this point. Pnp. I,ii73, Dixon's Mills, p. o., Marengo co., Ala. i92 m. W. byS. Montgomerj*. Dixon's Mili£, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : 16S m. W. N.TV. Jeff'erson City. Dixon's Springs, p. c, Smith co.. Tain. : about 3 m. N. of Cumberland r., and 41 m. N. E. by E. Nashville. DicKsoNviLLE, p. o., Colc CO., Mo. : 7 m. W. Jefferson City. DixoNviLLE, p. v., Lawrence co., Tnd.: 63 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. DoAKSviLLE, p. v., Clioctaw Nation, Ind. Ti-r. DoANESBrEQH, p. v., Putiiam CO., X. y.: on the line of the Harlem B. B., 55 m. from New York ard 93 m. from Albany. Dobbin's Ranch, p. o,. Tuba co., Call/. : on the N. side of Yuba r.. 112 m. N. N. E. VaUejo. Doub's Ferry, p. v., 'Westchester co.. A' 3' .■ on the E. bank of the Hudson r., 104 m. S. Albany. Here is a good landing at which numerous regular steamboats touch daily, and there is a ferry across the river. It is a considerable v., and has some manufactures and machine shops, which have been greatly advanced gince the completion of the Hudson Biver B. B., which passes through it, 22 m. frttm New York. This wa3 aji important point In tlto Bevolu- tionary war. Dockeby'9 Store, p. o,, Richmond co., 2f. Car. : 92 m. S. W. Raleigh. DoDDSviLLE, p. v., M'Donough co., jn.: on tho S. line of the county, 62 m. N. W . by W. Springfield. DoDDRinoE county, Virg. Situate N. TV., and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by S. fork of Hugh*s r., and by Midrks: North-Western E. B. Dodge county, ifo. Situate N. on State line, and con- tains 252 sq. m. Drained by the constituenta of Locust and Medicine creeks of Grand r. Surface level or undulating. Soils of good quality, and fertile. Farms 49; manuf. 0; dwell. 57. and pop.— wh. 351, fr. col. 0, sL 3— total 353. Cap- ital: Butler. Dodge counly. Wise. Situate 8. E. centrally, and con- tains 900 sq. m. Drained W. and S. by Bock and Beaver Dam rivers, and E. by streams falling into Lake Michigan. Surface beautifully diversified by hill and dale. Soils of ex- traordinarj' fertility. Farms 2,132; manuf. 28; dwell. S 600, and pop.— wh. 19,128, fr. col. 10— total 19,138. Oipital. Juneau. Public WorA'^: Fond du Lac B. B. DoDtiEviLLE. p. v., Iowa CO., Wi^c. : 63 m. N. Mineral Point, and 46 m. "\V. by S. Madison. DoDGEviLLE, p. T., pcfl Moincs CO., 7a.: 59 m. S. S. E Iowa City. 181 DOD DOU BoPsoNviLLE, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : 145 m. N. Montgomery. DoDsoNTiLLE, p. T., Highland co., Ohio : on tho W. eido of White Oak cr., 66 m. S. \V, by S. Colurabus. Doe Hill, p. o., Highland co., Virg.: 126 m. W. X, W. liichmond. Doe Ecn, p. c, Chester co., Penn. : 69 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg;. Dog-vvoodNeck,p. 0., Horrydist., 5. Car.:H4ni. E. byS. Columbia. DoLiNGTON, p. v., Bucks CO., PcTin. : 93 m. E. Harrisburg. DoLSON, p. o., Clarke co., lU. : 106 ni. E. 8. E. SpringfleM. DoMKSTic, p. o., "SVilliama co., Ohio : 132 m. N. W. Columbus. Box, p. 0., Sullivan co., Ind. : 82 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Donaldson, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 51 m. N. E. Harrisburg. DoNALDSONVTLiE, p. V., and cap. Ascensiou par., La. : on the S. "W. side of the Mississippi r., immediately below tho Bayou La Fourehe, 27 m. S. by E. Baton Kouge. It was formerly the State capital. The place ia pleasantly situated, and has some fine buildings, among which are the C. H., Arsenal, U. S. Land Office, a college, etc. It has consider- able trade and may be considered as the depGl of the Bayou La Fourehe country. Pop. ],49S. Donegal, t. and p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm. : on the mountain valley between Laurel Hill and Chestnut Ridge, 183 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of tho Toughiogheny and Kiskimiuctjis rivers, which afford ■water-power. Pop. 2,414. DoNipn.u.-, p. v., Eipley co.. Mo.: 149 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. Donnell's, p. 0., Allen co., Ohio: 92 m. N.W. Columbus, Don N ELLS viLLE, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : 47 m. W, by S. Columbus. Pop. 196. DooLT county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 676 sq. m. It occupies the height of land between Ocmul- gee and Flint, and is drained by the tributaries of both rivers. Surface favorably diversified ; soils generally fertile, but deteriorated by bad husbandry. Cotton is the principal product. Farms 663 : manuf. S ; dwell. 962, and pop. — ^wh. 5,DS0, fr. col. 6, si. 2,TT5— total S,S61. Capital: Drayt-m. DooK county, Wise. Situate N. E., and contains 4^32 sq. m. It occupies the N. part of the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan, and has its name from the fact of ita being at the door or entrance of the interior navigable waters of the State. Capital : Gibralter. Organized since 1850. DooK Ceeek, p. o., Dauo co.. Wise. : on a cr. so called flowing into Fourth Lake. 5 m. N. Madison. DooE prairie, La Porte co., Ind. : so named from the narrow gap in the timber at Dnor Village. It contains in all between 70 or SO sq. m., and is probably the richest and most beautiful praurie in the State. Door Village, p. v., La Porte co., Ind. : about 4 m. S. W. La Porte, 12S m. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. BonruEAT, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : on the large bayou of the same name, 210 m. N. W. Battm Eouge. Bayou Dorcheat rises in Hempstead co.. Ark., and passes S. into Louisiana, emptjing itself into Bistencau Lake, of which it is the chief feeder. DoncnESTER county, JId. Situate S. E., and contains G04 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Choptank r., which bounda it on the N.. and of Nanticoke r., which makes ila 9. bound- ary. The Chesapeake washes its W. shore. Surface low and level — in parts swarapy ; soils varying from light and sandy to a stiff clay. Marl is abundant, aJd is used as a fertilizer. There is plenty of timber. Farms 1,049 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 2.705,and pop.— wh. 10,7S3, (r. col. 8,307, si. 4,282 —total 1S.S7T. Copit/.: 47 m. N. E. Frankfort. i Dot; BOW Douglass, t. aad p. o.. 'Wurofster co.. Mass.: 43 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Mumford cr. of Blackstone r., which affords gd water-power. Iron ore is found, and in the t. (here arc consideraWe manufactures of cotton goods, boots, shoes, etc-i and edge-tools. The country is fertile and highly cultivated. Top. 1,S7S. Douglass, p. v., Fayelie co., la. : 84 m. N. by "W. Iowa City. Douglass, p. v.. NacogiJoches co., 7*sr. ; on a cr. of Angelina r., about 7 m. from tbe latter, and 197 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Douglass, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Perm.: 65 ra. E. ITarrisburg. Perliiomen and Swamp creeks drain the soils, which are fertile, and afford water-power for several mills and factories. DouGLASsviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., Peyin. : on the N. side of Sfhuylkill r., 13 m. E. Ilarrisburg. The Philadelphia and Reading E. E. passes through the village, 44 m. from Philadelphia and 4S from Eeading. DocpuiN, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 123 m. N. by "W. Montgomery. Douthet, p. 0., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 116 m."W. N."W. Columbia. DuTEH. p. v., Baltimore co., Md. Dover, p. v.. Ilussell co.. Ahi. .' aliout 3 m. "W. Chatta- hoochie r., and 6 m. N.'W. Girard, 171 m. E. Montgomery. DiitTEB, p. y.. Pope CO., Arl: : on the E. bank of Illinois cr. of Arkansas r., &i m. K.W. Little Pock. It was formerly the CO. capital. DoTZK, hund., p. b., and cap. Kent co., DeL, and capital of the State : on high ground, between the two principal branches of Jones' er., 10 m. above its entrance into Dela- ware Bay. Lat. 39^ 10' N., and long. 75° 80' "W., 114 m. E. by N. ^Vashington. The hundred contains 73.930 acres, and o,93'2 inhabitants. The b. is laid out regularly with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The State Bouse stands on the E. side of a large public place, and is an elegant building, and the buildings occupied by the co. offices occupy sites on the same square. It has 4 churches, a h.-iuk, an academy. 2 schools, several stores, about 120 dwellings, chiefly of briek, and between 600 and 700 inhab- itants. A splendid monument, erected to tlie memory of Colonel John llaslett, who fell in the battle of Princeton, Illustrates the patriotism of the citizens, and is the chief ornament of the place. The flour business is that dL^tin- ruishing Dover, and which is chiefly carried on with Philadelphia. A P. P., projected to run longitudinally through the State, will pass through the borough. DovEK, p. v., Bureau co., lU.: 109 m. N. Springfield. DovEp., p. v.. Mason co., X?/. ; 76 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Do%'Eit, t, p. v.. and cap. Piscataquis co.. Me. : on the S. eidc of Piscataquis r.. 50 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. is located immediately on the hanks of the stream. It has Beveral mills; and a weekly newspaper, the "Piscataquis Observer," is published here. Pop. 1,927. Dover, t. and p. o., Lenawee co.. Mich. : watered by the S. branch of Raisin r., 61 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan Southern E. R. crosses the t. in an E. direction. Pop. 1,223. DoTER, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Jfass. : on the S. and E. of Charles r., 16 m. S. VC. Boston. Drained by Trout and Nodnets brooks. Surface uneven, and much of it woodland. The V. is located near the centre of the t., and is a pleasant place of about^200 inhabitants. The t. has about 631 inhab- itants. Dover, p.v., La Fayette co.. 3fo. : 92 m."V7. N. W. Jefferson City. It lies about 3 m. 9. of the Missouri river. Dover, t., p. v.. and cap. Strafford eo., A*". Hump. : SS m. E. Concord. The t. is drained by Cocheeo and Black rivers, tributaries of the Piscataqua. It is the oldest t. in the State, having been settled in 1623. The v. is built around the lower falls of Cocheeo. where the descent is suddenly 82; feet, producing a vast water-power. These falls are at the head of tide, 12 nL from the sea, and sloops can come up witiiin a short distance of the mills. It has a court- house, jail, etc., and numerous and extensive manufactures, but chiefly of cotton goods. It has also considerable ship- ping. The newspapers published here are the " D. En- quirer" (whig), the " N. H. Gazette" (dem.), the " Morning Star" (whig), tho " Myrtle" (rclig.), and the *' Gospel Pill" (relig.), all issued weekly ; and tho *' Cadets' Advocate'' (temperance), issued monthly. The v. is intersected by tho Boston and Maine R. E. ; and the Cocheeo R. R. hero diverges from iL On the whole, Dover is justly considered one of the most prosperous manufactiirmg towns of New Eugland. Pop. S,1S6. Dover, p. v., Morris co., A^ Jer. : on both sides of Eoekaway r., 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. The two sections of the v. are connected by bridges. Iron ore is abundant in tho vicinity, and it has several large iron factories, etc. The Morris Canal descends into the valley in which it stands by an inclined plane and 4 locks; and at this point the Morris and Essex R. E. has its N. W. terminus, 44 m. from Jersey City. Pop. about 400. DovEB, t. and p. o.. Duchess co., N'. Y. : 66 m. S. by E. Albany. The p. o. is located at Dover Plains, and v. located on the Ilarlem li. R., SO m. from New York. The t. abounds in marble and iron ore, and has several mills and factories. Pop. 2.147. DovEB, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Lake Erie, 114 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The v. is located about 8 m. back from the lake. Pop. of 1.1.113. Dovee, t. and p. v., York co., Pt-nn. : on the E. side of Conewago cr., 18 m. S. Harrisburg. The v. lies in the centre of the L, 10 m. N. W. York. The t. has several distilleries, tanneries, grist and saw mills, for which latter water is abundant. Dovim, p. v., and cap. Stewart co.. Tfun. : on the S. "W. side of Cumberland r., 61 m. W. N. "W. Nashville. It eon- tains the county offices, and about 400 inhabitants. The landing for steamers is one of the best on the river. Dover, t. and p. v., Windham co., Venn. : on the E. border of the Green Mountain range, 94 m. S. Montpelier. Drained by West and Deerfiehl rivers, which have good mill sites. The soils are wtll adapted for grazing. The v. lies a little S. E. of the centre of the town. Po]». of t.709. I)over, p. v., Yazoo co.. Miss. : 33 ra. N.W. Jackson. Dover Hill. p. v.. and cap. Martin co., IntJ. : on the W. side of, and a mile and a half from the East Fork of White river, 79 m. S. W. Indianapohs. It contains a court-house and about 30 dwellings. Dover Mills, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 17 m. W. by N. Richmond. DovEsviLLE, p. T.^ Eockingham co., Virff. : 110 m. N. W. Richmond. DovvAr.rAc, p. v., Cass co., Mick. : on a branch of Dowa^ giac r., 92 m. S. W. Lan.sing. It lies also on the iliehigaa Central R. R., 17S ni. from Detroit, and 100 from Chicago. DowAGiAc t^Dowagiake) river, 3fich. : takes its rise in the S. part of Van Euren and N. E. part of Cass counties, and passing over the northern, north-western, and western por- tions of the latter in a S. W. direction, into Berrien, enters the St. Joseph r. near the v. of Niles. It is upward of 30 m. in length, and receives a number of tributaries, which, with the main stream, furnish excellent mill sites. DowBLTOWN, p. v., Surrey co., 2f, Car, : 132 m.W. N.W. Ealcigb. Downer's Grove, p. o., Du Page co., III. : 162 m. N. E. Springfield. DowNiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Tuba co., Cali/. : at the head of the North Fork of Yuba r., 137 m. N. E. Yallejo. It is the head-quarters of one of the richest gold .fields of the State. DowNiN'G's Mius, p. o., Strafford co., A'l ITnmp. DowNTNGSViLLE, p. v., Grant county. Ky. : 47 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. DowNi-NGTOS, p.v., Meigs co., Ohio : 69 m. S. E. Columbus. :s3 DOW DKY DowNiNGTowN, p. V., Chcstef CO., Pejin. : on the W. side '^f the E. branch of Brandywine cr., and on the line of the Philadelphia and Columbia K. K,, 33 ni. from Philadelphia, and 74 in. from llarrishurg. Tho dwt'Illngs, about CO or 70 in numbcT, arc chiefly of stone, and it contains several mills and factories, stores, etc. It is surrounded by a fine and weI!-cuUivated country. About 12 m, below the v., on the banks of the Brandywino cr.. was fought the sanguinary battle of Brandywino, 11th September, 177". A It. R., 22 m. Unig, b projected between Morristown and Dowuing- town. DowNsviLLE, p. v., Ocean county, JV". Jer. : 86 m. S. E. Trent^ni. DoTLESTOWN, t., p. T., and cap. Bucks co., Penn. : on the N. side of Tacony cr.. SS ra. E. Ilarrisburg. The borough is a flourishing place, has manufactures, and a good trade, and about 1,005 inhabitants. There are published here G weekly newspapers, ^iz., the '* D. Express," the " D. Dem- ocrat," and the •• Independent Democrat," all democratic in principle ; the " Morning Star," and the " Bucks County Intelligencer,'' both whig ; and the '• Olive-Branch," devoted Vj the temperance cause. The Korristown, Doylestown, New Hope 11. U. passes through the place. The t. is an excellent agricultural country, and is highly cultivated. Pup. 2,471. Doylestown, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: 116 m. N. W. Columbus. Dracut, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/a«s. : on the N. side of Merrimac r., opposite Lowell, 25 m. N. N. W. Boston. The two towns are connected by a bridge across the river. It is essentially an agricultural district, although Beaver r., which drains it, affords considerable water-power. Pop- uhition, 3iOL»3. Drakestown, p. o., Morris co., iV". t/er. ; on Schooley's Mountain, 39 m. N. by W. Trenton. Drahesville, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer. : 42 m. N. Trenton. Drakesville, p. v., Davis co., la. : on thu N. side of Fox r., ^S m. S. W. Iowa City. Dranesville, p. v., Fairfax co., 17/*^'. : 96 m. N. Eich- mond. Situated about 6 m. S. of the Potomac r., near the N. W. corner of the county. Draper's Vallev, p. o., Pulaski co., VirQ. : on the W. Bide of Kanawha r., about 2 m. distant from that stream, and 193 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Draperstille, p. o., Mecklcnburgh co., Yirg.: 92 m. 8. W. Eiehmond. DRAi-GnroN's Store, p. o., Sampson co., N, Car. : 52 m. S. by E. Kaleigh. Drawbridge, p. o., Sussex co., Del. Drayton, p. v., and cap. Dooly co., Ga. : on the S. side of Penalialchee cr., 1* ra. from its confluence with Flint r., and U m. 8. S. W. Milledgeville. DttATTOssvai-B, p. v., Union dist., S. Cur. ; 73 m. N. N.AV. Columbia. DREnERSviLLE, p. v., Schujlkill CO., Pe7in. : 49 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Duenson's, p. o., Henry co., Ky. : 25 m. N.^W. Frankfort. Dresden, p. v.. Grundy co., lU. : on the Illinois r., at the junction of the Dcsplaines and Kankakee rivers, the great constituents of the Illinois, and on the line of the canal, 12S m. N. E. Springfleld. The v. is 52 m. from Chicago by canal, and 4S m. from Peru. Dresden, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : On the E. bank of Kennebec r., 13 m. S. Augusta. It is an agricultural town, and hiis some river trade. Pop. 1,410. Dresden, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on Wakatomaha cr., near its junction with Muskingum r., 51 m. E. by N. Columbus. A side-cut of the Ohio Canal reaches this place. ( Thus 9ituaU\ it is highly favored for commerce, of which it j has a considerable share, and it has also several factories and mills. Pop. 1,445. Dresden, p. v., and cap. "Weakly co., Tenn.: near the I centre of tho co., on one of the head branches of Obion r., 1S4 I 109 m. TV. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, etc., I and about 395 inhabitants. The Nashville and Mississippi R. K. will probably intersect this v. Two newspapers, the '^D. Democrat," and the •*Whig Mirror," are published weekly. Drf.sden Mills, p. o.. Lincoln co., 3ff. : 19 m. S. Augusta. Dp.EseERviLLE, p. V., Cayuga county, y. Y. : 141 m. W. Albany. Drew county, Ark. Situate S. E., and contains 720 sq. m. The Baj^ou Bartholomew bounds it on the E. and tha Sabine r. on the W. side, the creeks falliog into which drain the interior. A highland runs N. and S. through the county, forming the watershed — the surface declining E. and W. from its summit level. Tho soils are eminently productive, anIe. The western extremity is the site of an ancient British fort. DRTBrRGo, p. T., Halifax co., Virg. : 96 m. N. Eiehmond. Dry Cueek, p. o., Kenton county, Ky. : 59 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. Dry Creek, p, o., Covington county, 2liss. : 62 m. 9. E. Jackson. Dry Creek, p. o., Lancaster dist, S Car. : 70 m. N. N. E. Columbia. Dryden, t. and p. o., Lapeer co., Mich. : 74 m. E. by N. Lansing. Pop. 1,131, Dryden, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, JV; T. : 123 ra, W. by S. Albany. Surface undulating. Soil gravelly loam, and well watered and drained by Fall cr, and other small streams. The v. is located on Virgil cr., and contains about 600 inhabitants. About half n milo "W. of the place is a noted mineral spring, the waters of which are useful in rheumatic and cutaneous affections. Pop. oft. 5,122. Dry Fork, p. o.. Bond co., PI. : on Dry Fork of Shoal cr., a tributary of Kaskaskia r., 5S m. 9. by E. Springfield. Dry Foek, p. o., Barren co., Ky. : 110 m. S. W. by S. Frankfort. Dry Fork, p. c, Hamilton county, Ohio: 103 m. S. W. Columbus. Dry Glaze, p. v., Camden co.. Mo, : on the Dry Au Glaize cr., a branch of Grand Au Glaize r., 52 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. Dry Hill, p. 0., Lauderdale co., Teim. : 169 m. W. by S. Nashville. Dry Ponds, p. o., Lincoln co., JVi Car. : 146 m. W. by S, Raleigh. Dry Ridge, p. o., Brew eo.. Ark. : on the highland form- ing the watershcMj between Saline r. and Bayou Bartholo- mew, 116 m. S. E. LitUe Rock. Dry Ridge, p. o., Somerset co., Penn.: 12S m. "W. 8. W. Ilarrisburg. Dry liiDGE, p. o., Hamilton oo., Ohio: 105 m. S. W. Columbus, Dry RroOE, p. o., Grant co., Ky.: 43 m. N. N. E. Frankfort DRY DUF Dp.v Itry, p. 0., Franklin co., Penn.: 59 m. W. S. W. Ilarrishurs:. Drt KrN, p 0., Tippah co, Miss.: 164 m. N. by E. Jack son. Dky Valley, p. o., "White co., rf-^n,.* 84 m. E. Nashville. Di:y Wood, p. o., Bates co., Mo. : on a cr. of the Marmi- lon, a tributary of Osa^e r., U2 m. "W. S. W. JetTerson City. DuA^NE, L and p. v., Franklin co.. K 3' .' 12S m. N. Al- bany. Surface uneven and hilly, and the soil a fertile sandy loam. "U'atered by branches of Salmon r. and Doer creek. The t. is cek-l)rated for its superior iron ores, which are capable of prodncincj the finest steel for edge tools. The v. lies on a branch of Salmon r., and has several factories and mills : and there are also in the neighborhood fur- naccs, etc. Pop. oft. 22?. DuANESBUKon, t. and p. v.. Schenectady co., X. Y. : 22 m. "W. N. W. Albany. The v. lies on a branch of Schoharie rr. The surface of the t. is elevated and hilly, and watered by numerous creeks, which afford water-power, and has a soil of excellent fL-rtility. Pop .%4Cy4. Drr.LiN. p. v., Fayette co., Ala.: 113 m. N. TV. Mont- gt'inerj,-. 1 ' I- nLis. p. v.. and cap. Laurens co., Ga. : on the "W. side of tu-onL'C r., 47 la. S. S. E ilillcd2;eville. It eontitins the CO. offices, several stores, and about 70 dwellings. Dublin, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : on the National Road, 2 m. "W. of Cambridge City, 50 m. E. Indianapolis. Pop. 3:i(l. Dublin, p. o., Harford co., Md.: 52 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. DiRLiN, L and p. o., Cheshire co., K ITamp. : 34 m. S.W. Concord. Situated on the highlands httwccn the Connecti- cut and Merrimac rivers. A considerable portion of Grand Monadnock lies within this town. It has good water-power and sevL-ral factories and mills. The surfafO Is belter adapted to grazing than corn-growing. Pop. I,ris8. Dublin, p. v.. Franklin co., Ohio: on the W. bank of Scioto r., 11 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. The location is high and pleasant, and in the neighborhood there are several mills and factories. Pop. 247. DrnLiN. p. o., Bucks co., Penn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Dublin, p. v., Graves co., Ay. ; on a branch of Little Obion r., 20 m. from the Mississippi r., and 233 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Dublin Mills, p. v., Bedford co., Pejin. : &4 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Dubois county, Ivd. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of "White, the Patoka, and other streams. Surface generally level — in the N. E. rolling; soils of ordi- narj- fertility, but the bottoms are rich and fertile. Timber abundant. Com and wheat are the staple products. Farms 794: manuf 9; dwell. 1.146, and pop.— wh. 6,300, fr. col. 21 —total 6.321. Cxpital: Jasper. Dubuque county. la. Situate X. E., and contains f)7G sq. m. Drained in the N. by Turkey cr., in the centre by Little Macoqueta r., and S. by tlie N. fork of Macoqui-ta r., which, with other streams, falls into the Mississippi, which forms its E. border. Surface rough and uneven, but wilh nnieh fertile land. Galena or lead ore is very abundant tliroughout the county, and mining forms the great interest of the inhabilants. Farms 755; manuf. 46; dwell. 1,952, and iop.— wh. 10.916, fr. col. 2.5— total 10,841. Capital: Dubuque. PvUia Works: Dubuque and Iowa City E.E., etc. Dubuque, p. v.. and cap. Dubuque eo., 7a. ; on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., 424 m. al)0ve St. Louis, and 72 m. N. E. by X. Iowa City. It is built on a table area, or ter- race, which cxt/'nds along the r. for several miles, and the streets are laid out at right angles with each other. Du- buque was settled by Canadian French as early as 16S6, for the purpose of trading with the Indians. Besides being the great mineral dep6t of the Iowa lead region, it is a place of much traffle, and interchanges largely with the vast in- terior, of which it is th-^ chief outlet. Its chief export is lead, which is sent d'lwn the river in vast quantities. In the village arc several wholesale stores, and one of the largest hotels of the "West. The V. S. Land Office for the Northern District of Iowa, and the office of the Surveyor General of Iowa and Wisconsin, arc located here. The population is now 4,071, and is rapidly increasing. There are four newspapers published in the village, the ■' Miner's Express" (dem.), the " D. Tribune" (whig), the " D. Tele- graph" (whig), and the " Xorwestlieho Democrat" (Ger- man). Lead ore is found in abundance within the eorjjo- rate limits of the village, and for miles around on every side. DucnESS county, 2T. Y. Situate S. E., between Hudson r. and the Connecticut State line; and contains 765 sq. m. Drained by Ten Mile, Fishkill, "Wappenger's, and Cnim Elbow creeks and their affluents. Surface diversified, but generally hilly, and intersected by two great longitudinal valleys. Some of the hills rise to the height of 1.700 feet; Old Beacon, near Fishkill landing, 1.471 feet, and the Grand Sachem, or New Beacxjn, 1,6S5 feet above tide-water. The county abounds in minerals, of which iron, lead, and zinc are the principal. Graphite is obtained near Fishkill. and marble, peat, and marl are found in all parts. Oak, thest- nut. and hickory are tiie principal forest trees. The agri- cultural productions, besides the grains, are wool, butter, flav, and potatoes. The county has a large manufacturing interest, including almost every branch, and Poughkeepsie employs several large ships in the whaling business. Farms 3.20S; manuf. 415; dwell. 9,562, and pop. — wh. 57.(i22. ^r. col. 1,970— total 53,992. Capital: Poughkeepsie. Pt((>i!.o Works: Hudson Eiver E. E. : Harlem K. P.; I'ruvidenee, Hartford, and Fishkill P. E.. etc. Duck Erancii, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 114 m. S. by W. Columbia. Duck Ckeek, p. c, "Walker co., Ga.: 1S7 ra. N. W. Milledgcville. Duck Creek, p. o., Dallas co., Tex.: on a cr. of Bois d'Arc fork of Trinity r. so called, 1S9 m. N. by "W". Austin City. Duck Cheek, p. c, Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. Cohmibus. Duck Creek, hund., Kent co., Del. : between Duck cr. and Little Duck cr., extending from Delaware r. to the W. line of the Slate, and containing 65.050 acres. Its chief trade is in lumber. It has also several grist and other mills. Pop. .3,97S. Duck Piter, p. 0., Hickman co., Tenn. : on Duck r., 51 m. S.W. Nashville. Duck Spring, p. o., De Kalb co., Ala. : 132 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Duuley, t. and p. v., Worcester co.. J/ii.?.?. ; on the TV. side of Quinnebaug r., 49 m. S. W. Boston. It is a fine agricultural district, and has a considerable number of man- ufactures. Pop. 1,446. Dudley, p. v., Polk co., la. : on the S. side of Des Moines r., near the confluence of North r., 9S m. "W. by S. Iowa City. Dudley, t. and p. v., Hardin co., Ohio: on the Scioto r., 52 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The v. lies on the N. side of the river. Pop. oft. 529. DuDLEYTiLLK, p. v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : on the E. co. lii.e. and about 4 m. S. of Tallapoosa r., 65 m. N. E. Mont- gomery. DuoLYTOw^r. p. v.. Jackson co., Ind. : on the "W. side of Vernon fork of Muscatatuk r., 64 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Dlt. "West Corner, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Cur. : 115 in. "W. by N. Columbia. A weekly newspaper, the "Erskiue Jliscellany," is publislied here, and circulates some 750 copies of each issue. DrrFiELo's. p. o., Charles co., Md. Duffield's. p. o., Jefferson co., Virff. : 127 m. N. by W. i;ichm«tnd. The line of the Baltimore and Ohio E. E. strikes this point 6 m. "W. of Harper's Ferry. 1C5 DUF DtJN I>n.-T*s FoBKS, p. v., Fayette co., Ohio: 29 m. S. ^V. Columbus. DuGDEMONA, p. V., JncksoD par., La. : on the r. so called, li7 m. N. "W. Baton Eouge. Dugdemona r. is a consider- able stream rising in Bienville and Jackson parishes, and emptying into Catahoula Lake. Dugger'9 Ferey, p. o., Carter cc, Tenn.: 254 m. E. Nashville. Dtg Si'uii, p. 0., Carroll co., VirQ.: 1S3 m. W, S. "W. liiclimond. Di'tiWAY, p. 0., Oswego CO., Nl Y, : 186 m. N". "W. Albany. DfiiEDOM, p. 0., Graves co., Ky.: 247 m. "W. S. W. FrankforL ' Dl'iie's county, Jfcws. Situate S. E. in the Atlantic Ocean, ami consisting of the islands of Martha's Vineyard, Chap- pequiildie, Elizabeth islauds, and No Man's Land — the lat- ter of which is the S. extremity of the Stale. These islands lie off and S. of Barnstable co. and Buzzard's Bay, and contain about 120 sq. m. Martlia's Vineyard, the Indian Ko^ye or Capawock^ is 21 m. long and 6 m. in breadth. A large portion of the co. is woodland, but there is also sufficient grazing and grain land. The exports consist chiefly of wool and salt, with some grain, and many of the inhabitants are engaged in the flsherics and coasting trade. The first settlement of whites in the co. was in ItUl at Edgiirton. Farms 265; manuf. IS; dwell. 771, and pop. — wh. 4,4S7, fr. col. 53— total 4,540. Capital: Edgartou. Dukes, p. o., Tutnam co., Ohio: 9S m. N. "W. CoUunbus. Di'MAs, p. v., Tippah county, Mias. : 171 m. N. by E. Jackson. Du-VAS Store, p. c, Eichmond co., A^ Car. : 79 m. S. TV. ' Ealeigh, Di'MBARTox, t. and p. c, Merrimac co., A^ JTamp. : 10 m. 5. by W. Concord. Surface elevated, but not hilly; soils fertile. Drained by several streams of Merrimac r., on which are several mills. DuMBAUTOX, p. T., Eamwell disL, S. Car. : CG m. S. "W. Columbia. DrMBAUTOx, p. v., Adams Co., Ohio: on the E. side of Brush cr. <,f the Ohio r., 72 m. S. by W. Columbus. DrMriuiy, p. v., Prince William co., Vi/y.: on the N. side of Quantico cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 69 m. N. by E. Eichmond, It is a thriving v., and has several factories and mills. The mouth of Quantico cr., 2i m. below, is the best winter harbor in the Potomac, being seldom obstructed by ice. DuMMKi, t, and p. c, Coos co., A' ITamp. : 9S m. N. by W. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Androscog- gin and Connecticut rivers. It is a remote town and thinly 6ettk-d. Pop. 171. DuiLMERSTOwy, t and p. v., Windham co., Verm.: on Ihv' W. side of Connecticut r., 92 m. S. byE. Monlpelier. Drained by West r., which is a flue mill stream. Surface hilly and rough, but adapted fur grazing. This is one of the earnest settlements. Fort Dummer was founded in 1625. and is a noted place in the Indian wars. Pop. IjWo. Dl-.montville, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 2S m. S. E. Columbus. DuxcAX, p. 0., Wood CO., Virg. : 253 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. DcNCAN-, p. v., Cheboygan co. Mich. : 207 m. N. Lansing. Duncan, p. v., Mercer co., A'y. : 23 m. 9. Frankfort. DcNCANNON, p. v., Pcrry co., Peiin, : on the line of the Pennsylvania K. K., 16 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Duncan's Creek, p. o., Cleveland co., X. Car. : on a cr. of First Broad r. so called, IGS m. W. by S. Ealeigh. DrNCAN's Falls, p. o.. Muskingum co., Ohio: on the Muskingum r., 56 m. E. Columbus. There is a dam across the stream at this point which affords a great head of water. Duncan's Mills, p. o., Jasper Co., Mo. : 14S ui. S. W. Jefferson City. Dunoansville, p, v., Barnwell dist, & Car.:5B m. 6. by W. Columbia; 1S6 Kane co., lU. : on the W. side of Des 4 m. N. of Elgin, and 171 m. N. E. Duncansville, p. v., Blair co.. Penn. : on the line of the Alleghany Portage E. P*., 4 m. W. Hollidaysburg, and 141 ra. by railroad from Harrisburg. DuNCANTON, p. v., White CO., III. : on Ucctora fork of Saline cr., 14S m. S. E. Springfield. Duncanvtlle, p. v., Thomas co., Ga.: on the Thomas- nUe and Tallahassee turnpike, 2 m. N. of the Florida State line, and lOS m. S. by W. MUledgeville. The Florida Branch of the Brunswick and Florida E. E. will pass through this place. DcNDAFF, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn.: 122 m. N. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. It has a glass-house, several stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Pop. about 300. DuNDAS, p. v., Calumet co., Wise: 96 m. N. X. E. Madison. Dundee, p, Plaines r., about Springfield. Dundee, t. and p. v., Monroe co., Mich.: watered by Eaisiu r., which affords fine mill sites. The v. lies on the N. side of the stream, 13 m. from Lake Erie and 65 m. S. E. Lamping. It is one of the most flourishing lillages of the interior, and has numerous mills Arc. Pop. 1,239. Dundee, p. v., Yates co., N. Y. : on Big Stream, a creek fulling into Seneca Lake, 15S m. W, Albany. It has sev- eral important manufactories, as iron foundries, agricultu- ral implement factories, etc., and contains about 1,000 inhab- itant.^. A newspaper, the " D. Eecord," is published weekly. Dundee, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: &4 m. E. N. E. Columbus. DuNDERKAcn, p. V., Eobesou co., K Car.: S4 m. S. S.W. Ealeigh. DuNGANON, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the line of the Beaver Canal, 2 m. E. of Hanover, and 122 E. N, E. Culumbus. Dunham, p. o., M'Henry co.. III. : on the E. side of Eusb cr. of the N. branch of Kishwaukee r., 194 m. N. X. E. Springfield. DuNKiNSviLLE, p. V., Adams co., Ohio: 73 m. S. by W. Columbus. Dunkirk, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : 39 m. S. by Vv. Annapolis. DuNEiEE, p. v., Chautauque co., K.Y.: on Lake Erie, 27S ra. W. Albany. It is the W. terminus of the New York and Erie E. E., and is intersected by the Buffalo and Stale Line E. E., which forms a link In the line of the Lake Shore E. E. from Buffalo to Monroe. It has rapidly progressed in every branch of industry since the completion of those great works, and is destined to become one of the great ports of the lakes. The harbor has been improved, and affords 12 feet of water on the bar. Steamboats arrive and depart hourly in connection with the railroads, and an extensive commerce is carried on, not only with domestic ports, but also with those of Canada. The "Chautauque Journal" (whig) is published weekly. From Dunkirk to New York "City the distance is 469 miles. The harbor, formerly called Chadwick's Bay, is capacious, accessible, secure, and capable of improvement to one of the best upon the lakes. Fop. 3,000. DuNKTKK, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise.: 14 m. S. E. Madison. The v. is located on the W. side of Catfish r., which drains the t. Pop. 2S3. DuNKtEK. p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 106 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. DuNKUN county, J/b. Situate between 86° and 36^80' N. hit., and occupying the W. half of the narrow strip pro- jecting below the general line of the State into ^Vrkansas, between the Eivcr St. Franc; -is and Ihe Mississippi River; it contains about 720 sq. m. The greater portion is a swamp, abounding in ponds, lakes, and sluices unfit for cultivation; but there are some elevated prairies, perhaps to the extent of a fourth of the area of the county, situate principally in the N. W. and 9. W. part.. White Water r. has iLs course DUN DUX throngli the swamps, forming; swamp islaniis of various di- mensions, etc. No part is fit for human habitation, yet we flnw. Farms 76; manuf. 2; dwell. 215, and pop. — wh. I,2(t5. fr. t'ol. 11, si. 1:3— toUiI 1,223. Capital: Chilletecaux (probably the Indian name for chills and cough). DuNLAp, p. 0.) Hamilton co., Ohio: 102 m. S. W. Columbus. * DuxL.u'*3 Traieie, p. o., Ck>ok co., lU.: 166 m. N. E. Springfield. I)rxi.ApsriLLE,p. v.. Union co., In'f. : on tlie W. side of the E. fork of ^Yhite "Water r., 62 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It contains a Presbyterian church, 3 stores, and 7 mechanic sliops. Pop. 225. DcsLAPSTiLLE, p. V., LauFcns dlst., S. Car.: 73 m. "W. N. W. Columbia. DuNLETT, p. v., "Warren co., Ohio: Tl m. "W. S. "W. Columbus. DuNMORE, p. v., Luzcmc CO., Perm.: 91 m, N. E. Harrisburg. DuxsixcsTTLLE, p. V., 'Washington co., PeJin. : 1S7 m. "W. Uarrisburg; DrNNScrEGit, p. v., Clinton co., Pe/tn. : on the W. side of the "W. branch of Susquehanna r. and opposite the mouth of Bald Eagle cr., 73 m. N. N. "W. Harrisburg, Diss's CoKSEn-s, p. o., Kennebec co., Jfe. : 10 m. fcova. Augusta. DrsNSTiLLE. p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 14 m. "W. N. "W. Albany. DvNssTiLLr:, p. v., Essex co., Yirg. : about 2 m, W, of Eappahannock r., and 49 m. N. E. Richmond. Dunstable, t. and p. o., Middlesex co.. Mass. : on the N. State line, 81 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by Nashua and Salmon rivers ; surface generally level and soils sandy. It has st'veri! mills and a sparse population of about 700 souls. Poj\ 590. DrsTONSviLLE, p. T., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 57 m. W. Columbia. Du Page county. III. Situate N. E., and contains 342 sq. m. Drained by Du Pago r. and other constitutents of Illinois r. Surface prairie and woo. v., Eric co., N. Y. : 24^3 m. "W. Albany. Situated on a branch of Buffalo creek. East Avon. p. v., Livingston co., N. K : 19G m. W. Al- bany. On the line of the Buffalo. Corning:, nnd New York E. K., and about 2 m. E. of Avon Sprini^s. It is a v. of some 400 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a highly-culti- vated and thickly-seltled country. East Bam>w!N, p. v., Cumberland co., Mc: on the E. side ofSaco r., 6-3 m. S.'W. Aug:usta. EasT Barnard, p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 33 m. S. Montpelier. East Bakre, p. v., Iluntingdon co., Penn. : 59 m.TV. N.'W. Harrisburg:. East Bend, p. o., Surrey co., JVI Ctu'. : 112 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. East Bergen, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : on the Buffalo and Eochc&ter E. E., 59 m. from Buffalo, auJ 269 m. from Albany. East Berkshire, p. v.. Franklin co., Vet-^in. : on the N. W. side of Missisqui r., 51 m. N. by W. Montpelier. East Berlin, p. v., St. Clair co., Mich.: ?4 m. E. by N. Lansing. East Berlin, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 25 m. S. "VT. Harrisburg. East Berne, p. v., Albany co., 2^. Y. : 16 m. "W. Albany. East Bethany, p. v., Genesee co., JV; Y. : 21S m. "W. Albany. East Bethel, p. v., Oxford co.. 3fe. : on the N. side of Alder cr., nn affluent of Androscoggin r., 46 m. W. Augusta, and. by the Atlimlic and St. Lawrence E. E., 6ridge (western) K. E., and the Hudson and Berkshire E. E. intersect here. East Chester, p, v., Eockingham co., -tV. Uamp. : 23 ra. S. S. E. Concord. East Chester, t. and p. v., West Chester co.. K. Y.: 114 m. S. Albany. Drained by Bronx and Hutchinson creeks, afllucnls of Long Island Sound. Surface hilly and stony. Soil a fertile loam. The v., on the E. side of East Cliesler cr., has a convenient harbor, and owns several sloops em- ployed in tradingwilh New York. The Harlem E. E.. nnd the New York and New Haven E. E. pass through the town about 16 m. from New York. There arc in the town 91 farms, 7 manufacturing establishments, 26S dwellings, and 1,679 inhabitants. East China, p. v., "Wyoming county, 2^. Y. : 225 m. ^\'. Albany. East Clacendon, p. v., Eutland co., Venn. : 54 m. S. by W. Montpelier. EASTCLAi:inoN,p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: on the E. branch of Cuyahoga r., 141 m. N. E. Columbus. East Clarksfielp, Huron co., Ohio: on the riglit side of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie, ISO m. N. N. E. Columljus. East Claekeon, p. o., Monroe co., A^ Y. : 212 ni.W. by N. All.tany. East Cle\t;land, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: about 4 m. E. by S. Cleveland, and 124 m. N. E. Columbus. East Coehleskili^ p. v., Schoharie eo., K. Y.: 33 in.'W. Albany. Situated on the S. side of CobbUskill cr. East Constaelk, p. o., Franklin co., A'. }'. ; 154 m. N. by W. Albany. East Corinth, Penobscot co., Me. : on a cr. of Kendu&- keag r. of the Penobscot, 63 m. N. E. Aug\ista. East Corinth, p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : on "Wait's r. of the Connecticut. 22 m. S. E. Montpelier. East Craftshury, p. v., Orleans county, Venn. : 31 m. N. N. E. Monlpelier. East Creek, p. o.. Cape May co., K Jer. : 79 m. S. In- E. Trenton. East CrTcnoorE, p. v.. Suffolk co., N. Y. : near the line of the Long Island }'. E.. G m. "W. of Grecnporl. and 1J9 m. S. E. by S. Albany. 1S9 EA3 EAS East Diios, p. v., Barnstable co., J/a*s. ; 6G m. S. E. Boston. East Disfield, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : SI m. E. by N. Augusta. East DiiiiOMT, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 44 m. N, E. Augusta. East Dokset, p. v., Bennington oo., Term: on the line of the Western Vermont R. E., 74 m. 6. by W. Montpelier, East Douglass, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on Mum- ford r., an affluent ofBlackstone r., SS m. S.W. Boston. East Dovee, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 71 m. N. N. E. Augusta. East Duanksborgh, p. 0., Schenectady co., K T.: 21 IE. W. N. W. Albany. East Durham, p. o., Greene co., JT. T. : 26 m. S. W. Albany. Eabt Eddisgton, p. T., Penobscot co., Me, : 72 m. N. E. Augusta. East Edes, p. o., Erie co., K Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. East Eluott," p. v., York co., Me. : on the line of the Portsmouth, Saco, and Portland K. R., 99 m. S. 8. W. Augusta. East Evans, p. o., Erie co,, N. Y. : 263 m.W. Albany. East Exetee, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : on Stony cr. of Lake Erie, 73 m. S. E. Lansing. East FAiitFrELP, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 136 m. E. N. E. Columbus. East Faiefeeld, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : on an afflu- tnce of Missisqui r., 41 N. N. W. Montpelier. East Falsiouth, p. v., Biimstablo co., Mass. : at the head of an inlet of Vineyard Sound, 61 m. S. S. E. Boston. East FisnKiLL, t,. Duchess co., i^'I Y. : 72 m. S. Albany. Drained by Fishkill cr. Surface hilly m S. ; in N. dechning to plains. The t. contains 210 farms, 13 manufacturmg establishments, 441 dwellings, and 2,610 inhabitants. East Florbkcb, p. o., Oneida co., iV. Y. : IDS m.W. N.W. Albany. EASTFOnn, t. and p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: 31 m. E. by X. Tlartford. Dramed by Natchaug r., a tributary of Willimanlic r. The v. is located between the forks of tho r., and has several manufactures. Pop. 1 12S. East Foek, p. c, Montgomery co., lU. : on the E. fork of Shoal CT., an affluent of tho Kaskaskia r., 47 m. S. S. E. Springfield. East Foek, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : on the E. fork of Chariton r., S9 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. East FosnoRouan, p. v., Norf<^lk co.. Mass,: near the line of the Boston and Providence R. E., 23 m. S. by W. Boston. East Feaxkldj, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 54 m. N. by W. Montpelier. East Feeedom, p. o., Blair co., I^enn. ; 84 m. W. by N. Ilarrisbiu-g. East FEEET0^vN, p. o., Cortlandt connty, y. Y. : 114 m. W. by S. Albany. East Gaixes, p. c, Orleans co., A'". Y. : 223 m. W. by N. Albany. East Gaise^ville, p. o., Wyoming co., A^ Y. : 21S m. W. Albany. East Galwat, p. o., Saratoga co., K Y. ; 27 m. N. N.W. Albany. East Genoa, p. v., Cayuga county, A'l Y. : 137 m. W. Albany. East Georgia, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : on the Une of the Vermont Central II. K., 4S m. N. W. Montpelier. East Germ^vn, p. o., Chenango co., N. Y. : 100 m.W. by S. Albany. East Geemasto-wn, p. v., Wayne co., Ind. : 56 m. E. Indianapolis. East Glesvillk, p. o., Schenectady co., A^ Y. : 19 m. N. W. Albany. East Gration, p. o., Rensselaer co., Ji. Y. : 21 m. X. E. Albany. 190 East Geauby, p. v., Uartford county, Coim. ; 14 m. N Hartford. East Geakville, p. v., Hampden co., Mtsa. : on an afflo* ent of Westfleld r., 98 m. W. by S. Boston. East Geeenbush, p. v., Rensselaer county, X. Y. :6 m. E. by 6. Albany. It contains about 30 dwellings. East Gree>'E, p. o., Chenango co., A^. Y. : 99 m.W. S.W. Albany. East Geeenville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 100 m. N. E, Columbus. East GitEENwicn, p. o., Washmgton co., AC K ; 34 m. N.N. E.Albany. E^iST Geeexwich, t., p. v., and cap. Kent co., R. L : 12 m. S. Providence. Drained by Maskachug and Hunt's rivers, on which are numcruus cotton and other manufac- tories. Sm"face rather rough and stony. Soils comparatively fertile, yielding good crops of com, barley, and potatoes. The t. is also noted for its excellent thiil and cider. The harbor in front of the v., an arm of Narraganset Bay, is deep enough for vessels of 500 tons. A number of vessels are owned here, and the coasting trade and fisheries give em- ployment to many of the inhabitants. Across the bay to Bristol Is about S miles. The village is intersected by tho Stoningtou and Providence R. R. Pop. of t. 2,358. East Grove, p. o., Henry co., Ja.: 52 m. S. Iowa City. East Geovelaxd, p. o,, Livingston co., K, 1*. : 197 m. W. Albany. East Gdtlfoed, p. v., Chenango county, A'l r. ; S4 m. W. by S. jVlbany. Situate on the W. side of L'nadiUa cr., and contains about 30 dweUings. East Haddam, t. and p. v., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 27 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut r., which makes its W. border. Surface uneven and rocky. Soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. The v. of East Had- dam lies on the E. bank of tho Connecticut, a little below tho mouth of Sahnon r., 14 m. from Long Island Sound. It is a thriving place, with a bank, etc. In the t. there are several other manufacturing villages — on Salmon r. aad its tributary, Moodus r. Pop. of L 2,610. Eastilvm, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., 3fass. : 67 m. S. E. Boston. Situate on Cape Cod, about half way between the elbow anscook r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. East Hampton, p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on Pine Brook, the outlet of Pocotopoguc Pond, 17 m. S. S. E. Hartford. The New York and Boston E. E. (direct line) will pass through tho village. East Hampton Lake, p. o., Middlesex co., Conn. : 15 m. S. S. E. Ilariford. East Hampton, 1. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/dSS. ; 98 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by several tributaries of Connecticut r. Surface variegated, and soils alluvial and very productive. The v. is pleasantly sittiate on a fine mill- stream, and has several factories of cotton goods, boots and shoes, etc. Mt. Tom lies between this t. and tlie Connec- ticut r. The line of the abandoned Hampshire and Hamp- den Canal passes through the t., and will be probably filled up and used as the bed of the New Haven and Northamp- ton R. R. Pop. 1,342. East Hamttun. t. and p. V., Suffolk co., .V. Y. : 1.3Sm. S. E. .[Ubany. Occupies ihe extreme E. peninsula of Long Island, and includes Gardiner's and other small islands. Surface level ; soil, sandy alluvion. Tuward Maiitauk Point the land is rugged. On Uiis noted poibt there is a EAS BAS light-house 140 feet high, the li^bt of which can he seen 80 m. from sea. A remnant of the Slontauk Indians re- side here on a conditional reaen'ation of 1,000 acres. The v. lies on a single street and contains about 400 inbabitanta. There are in llie t. 1(33 farms, 2 roanufaoturing establish- ments, 423 dwellinccs, and 2,122 inhabitants. * ^ East Hanover, t. and p. o., Lebanon co., Penv. : 21 m. E. ITarri&burg;. It lies between the Blue Mountains and Swalara cr., which gi\"e3 it considerable water-power. It has sevt^ral mills, etc., and about 2,000 inhabitants. East IIardwick, p. v., Caledonia co., Veny^. : on La Moille r., 24 m. N. E. by N. Monlpelier. East IIaetj'obd, t. and p. v., Hartford ca, Con7i.: on the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite to Hartford, with which it is connected by a bridge, and the Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill R. K. here crosses the r. The t. is drained chiefly by Hockanum r., which falls into the Con- necticat, and affords extensive water-power. The land on the Connecticut is an allu\ial meadow, very fertile ; back of this it rises 15 or 20 feet to an extensive plain, and a canseway a mile long extends across the meadows to the bridge. The v. is pleasantly located on the plain, mostly on one broad street, shaded by lofty elms and other trees, the former in rows down tho middle and the latter on its sides. East Hartford has long been noted for its manufac- tures and has still a considerable amount. The first powder- mill in the country was erected here in 1775. The present population of the t. amounts to 2,497 souls. East Haewick, p. v., Barnstable co., Mase. : 72 m. S.E. Boston. Eaft Haten", t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. ; on the E. side of New Haven Harbor, and on Long Island Sound, S7ra. S. by W. Hartford; and separated iVom New Haven by Quinnipiac r., over which there are bridges and railroad viaducts. Farm r. also runs through the town. The sur- face is generally level, and tho soil light and sandy or sandy loam— to the E., however, it is hilly, and the soil a gravelly loam. The v. is pleasantly located and commands a fine prospect of Long Island Sound. It has some trade, and many of the inhabitants arc engaged in coasting and fish- ing. The New Haven and New Lomlun K. R. passes through it. Ropulalion of the t. 1.673. A light-house stands on Five Mile Point, the E. side of the entrance to the harbor. East Haven, t. and p. o., Essex co., Venn.: 4Q m. N. E. by E. Montpeiler. Drained by Paul's stream on the E., and on the ^Y. by Passumsic r. Surface mountainous and rugged, and but a small portion fit for cultivation. It is very sparsely settled. Pup. 91. East HArEniiiLi., p. v., Essex co., Maes. : on the N. side of Merrimac r., 82 m. N. Boston. East IIaveuhill, p. v., Grafton co., A'i Uamp. : 13 m. N. N. W. Concord. East Hebron, p. v., Oxford en., ^fe. : on a cr. of Little Androscoggin r., and on the lino of the Bucklleld Branch E. E., 81 m. W. S. W. Augusta. East HEMrnELn, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 82 m. E, S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Conestoga r. Surface generally level, and soils fertile. There are several distilleries, mills, etc., in the town, and about 1,S00 inhabit- ants. The Lancaster and Harrisburg R. R. passes through it, 5 m. TV. Lancaster. East IlEnniCK, p. o., Bradford co., Penn.: 103 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. East lIiGncATE, p. v., Franklin co., Ve7-7n..: on the N. eldo of Missisqui r., 52 m. N. N. "W. Montpelier. East Hill, p. v., Alleghany co., K y. .- 203 m.W. Albany. East Houee, p. o., Cortlandt co., iV. Y.: 117 m. W. Albany. East HotrNDsFiELD, p. c, Jefferson co., iK K .• 143 m. N. "W. Albany. East Jaffeey, p. v., Cheahire co., IT. Jlomp. : 36 m. S. W. Concord. East Java, p. o., "Wyoming co., N. T.: 226 m. TV. Albany. East Kent, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 41 m. W. by S, Hartford. East Kill, p. c, Greene co., JV. Y. : 40 m. S. S. W. Albany. East Kfllinglt, p. v., Windham co., Conn.: 46 m. E. Hartford. East Kingston, t and p. v., Rockingham co., JT. ITarnp. ; 87 m. 8. E. Concord. Drained by Pow-wow r. Soils fer- tile. It has several mills, tanneries, etc. The t. is located on the Boston and Maine R. R. Pop. oft. 532. East Knox, p. o., Waldo Co., Me.^- 29 m. E. N. E. Augusta. East Kov, p. o., "Wyoming co., 2^. Y. : on East Koy cr., 21S m. W. Albany. The creek rises in Genesee co., and in Allegliany co. unites with West Koy cr., whence it flows into Genesee r. It is a good mill stream. East Lajs'daff, p. o., Grafton co., N". Uamp. ; at the S. base of Landaff Mountain, 94 m. N. by W. Concord. The finest of iron ore abounds in this vicinity. East Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y.: 136 m. W. by S. Albany. East La Poete, p. o., Haywood co., N. Car. : 246 m. W. Raleigh. East Lebanon, p. v., Graflon co., iV. JTamp.: at the N. end of Mascoma Pond, 4G m. N. W. Concord. The Northern (N. H.) R. R. intersects the v., 61 m. by the route from Concord. East Lee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mus. : 113 m. W. Boston. East Lempstek, p. o., Sullivan co., iV. Uamp. : 31 m. W. Concord. East Leon. p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 2C4 m. W. by 9. Albany, East Litwistos, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. N. E. Columbus. East Lexington, p. v., Middlesex co., Blass. : 9 m. N.W, Boston. The Lexington and West Cambridge R. R. passes through the village. East Liberty, p. o., Logan co., 0?tio: 46 m. N. W. Columbus. East LruEiiTY, p. v., Allen co., Inc?. : 104 m. N. E, Indianapt'lis. East LinERTv, v., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the Penn- sylvania R. R., 5 m. E. Pittsburg. It is a thriving place of some GOO inhabitants. East Liberty, p. v., Fayette co., PcTm. : on the S. W. side of Youghiogeny r., 152 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. East Limikgton, p. o., York co., Me.: 03 m. S. W. Augusta. East Line, p. v., Saratoga co., iV. Y. : 19 m. N. by W. Albany. East Livermoke, t. and p. v., Kennebeo co., Me. : on the left bank of Androscoggin r., 21 ra. W. by N. Augusta. Tho Androscoggin R. R. passes through the v., about IG m. from Leeds Station, its point of connection with the Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. Pop. oft. S92. East Liverpool, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: near the right bank of the Ohio r., 134 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is a well laid-out village, and contains several large ware- houses, etc., being the principal depftt of the flour from the numerous flouring-mills on Little Beaver r. The location is one of the pleasantest in the State— the land rises from the river, affording commanding sites in the more elevated parts. East Long Meadow, p. v., Hampden co., Ma^. : 79 m. W. S. W. Boston. East Lvm.vn, p. v., Grafton county, N. Uamp.: 77 m. W. N. W. Concord. East Lyite, t. and p. v., New London co., Co7ui: 3^ m, S. E. Hartford. It has a number of creeks falling into Long Island Sound, and on its E. border is a deep inlet much frequented by fishermen, and in which large num- 191 EAS EAS bers of fish are taken. The r. lies about 6 ra. N. W. of New London, and is pleasantly eituated on high land over- looking t^ll^ sound. The t. is crosseil in the S. by the New Haven and New London R. E. Pop. l,aS2. East MACitON'orGii, p. o., Chenango co., JV^ T. : 98 m. W. by S. Albany. East Macihar, t. and p. v., Washington co., Me, : 121 m. E. N. E. Augusta, Drained by East Machias r., which, after receiving the waters of a largo pond from the E., falls into Machias r. and hay, at the S. extremity of the t. These afford immense waler-power. The village, or set- tlement, lies on both sides of the river, and has several mills both above and below it. Pop. of t. 1,3S2. East Madison, p. v., Somerset co„ Me. : at the outlet of a large pond, 36 m. N. Augusta. It has several mills and about SO inhabitants. East Maine, p. o., Broomeco., X. Y.: 118 ra. W. S. W. Albany. Eastmansville, 1*. v., Fulton co., N. Y.: 41 m. N. W. Albany. East ^^ARI0X, p. o., Suffolk co., X. Y. East Maiuon, p. v.. Livingston co., MicJb. ,* 34 m. E. 8. E. Lansing. East MARsirriELD, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: IS m. S. E. BostoQ. It is pleasantly located about a mile back from South river. East Med way, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 20 ra. S. W. Boston. The projected New York and Boston E. E. will pass through (he village. East Midi.lebokougii, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 34 m. 8. by E. Boston. Eabt MrpDLF.BURY, p. v., Addison co. Venn.: 30 m. 8. VT. Montpelier. East Monmouth, p. v., Kennebec co., Me,: 13 m. S. "W. Augusta. East Monroe, p. v.. Highland co., Ohio: on the TV. side of Rattlesnake cr., a constitijpnt of Paint cr., 61 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. East Monti'EI.ieb, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : 6 m. E, by N. Mnntpclier. The v. is located on Onion r., by which the surface of the t. is drained. It is a fine agriouUural region. Pop. 1,447. East Montville, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : 30 m. E. N. E. Augusta. East Moriches, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y.: 132 m. S. S. E. Albany and about 62 m. E. New York, oq the S. side of Long Island. %. East Moultqnborottgct, p. v., Carroll co., X. JTamp. : 89 m. N. by E. Concord. East Nassau, p. o., Eensselaer co., X. Y. : 17 m. S. E. Albany. East New Market, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. : about 3 m. E. of Choptank r., 39 m. S. E. Annapolis. East Ni'.wport, p. v.. Penobscot co., Me. : on a cr. of Sebasticook r., 53 m. N. E. Augusta. East New Porti-asd, p. v., Somerset co., M^. : on Seven Mile Brook of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. N. W. Augusta. East New Suaros, p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: 23 m. N. N. W. Augusta. East New Vineyard, p. v., Franklin co., Me,: 85 m. N. N. W. Augusta. East New York, p. v., Kings co., X. Y, : 5 m. from New York and 130 m. S. Albany. This is a pleasant v., located on the line of the Long Island E. K., and has within the past year or two been rapidly increased by the over- flowing pojiuhttion of the adjoining cities. It has several promising manufacturing establishments. East Noktiiport, p. v., Waldo eo., Me. : on Belfast Bay, 42 m. E. Augusta. East Nortuwood, p. v., Rockingham co.. X. Hamp. : IT m. E. by S. Concord. I East Noktji YaumocTh, p. v., Cumberland Co., Me. : 40 m. y. by W. Augusta. 192 ' East Noewioh, p. v., Queen's co., X. Y. : 126 ra. S. Albany. East Oqden, p. v., Lenawee co., Mtclu : 71 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Easton, t, and p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. : 51 m. S. W. by S. Harlford. Drained by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, which run to Long Island Sound. It is entirely agricultural in its industry. Pop. 1,432. Easton, p. v., and cap. Talbot co., Md. : on Treadhavcn cr., 12 m. from its confluence with the estuary of Choptank r., 27 ni. E. S. E. Annapolis. Lat. 36^ 4G' 10" N., and long. 760 1)1^' "W, It is the largest and most populous v. of tlie eastern shore, and a place of considerable trade. It contains a C. II., a jail, a market-house, and 4 cimrch edi- fices; and it has two newspapers, the "E. Gazette"' (whig) and the " E. Star" (dem.), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,413. Easton, t. and p. v., Bristol oo., Ma.'iS.: 24 m. S. Boston. Drained by affluents of Taunton r., on which are numer- ous establishments for cotton, wool, and iron manufactures. It is one of the most busy manufacturing towns in the State. The v. lies a little eastward of the centre of thet. P. 2,337. Easton, t. and p. v., AVashington co., X. Y. : 24 m, N. by E. Albany. Drained by Battenkill and otlier creeks of Hudson r., which bounds it on the W. Surface diver- sified ; soil, sandy and clayey loam. The v. lies on the Troy and Whitehall turnpike, and contains between 300 and 400 inhabitants. The t, has a pop. of 3,225. Easton, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: 70 ra. N. E. Columbus. Easton, p. b., and cap. Northampton co., Pt'niK : on the W. side of Delaware r., where it receives the Lehigh r., 93 m. E. N. E. llarrisburg. It is built on a point of land formed by the Delaware and Lehigh rivers and Bushkill cr. The streets are laid out along the cardinal points, crossing each other at right angles, and forming in the centre of the borough a square area, on which stands the court-house. The part of the v. on the Delaware is level, but consider- ably elevated above the river, and the ground rises grad- ually toward the W., to a considerable height. There are fine bridged and viaducts over all the streams above- mentioned. Easton is the entrep6t of a vast internal commerce b&- tween the coal and iron fields of Pennsylvania and the Eastern markets, and will in time become an important point in the line of travel from East to West, being situated at the most eligible pass between the two sections. Already it is the terminus of several lines of railroad and of tliroe canals, viz., the Morris Canal, Uie Lehigh Canal, and the Delaware Canal. Here terminates the New Jersey Central E. R., and also railroads coming Irom the western borders of Pennsylvania on Lake Erie, and Irom Pittsburg ; and others are projected to Lake Ontario. The distance from New York to Erie via Easton, when the lines contemplated are completed, will be 462 miles and to Pittsburg 4*23. As a business place Easton is one of the most prosperous towns of Pennsylvania. It will give some idea of tlie magnitude of its various interests, to state tliat tliere are within a radius of 3 miles of the place, IS mercliant and grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 3 oil-mills, 3 tanneries, 5 founderies, 7 distilleries, 1 planing-mill and wire factory, 3 large blast furnaces, 2 cotton factories, and other smaller factories, all in full operation. At South Easton there is a vast water- power, sufficient for a great increase of manufactures; be- sides which the Lehigh r. has a fall of 200 feet between the Lehigh Water Gap and Easton. a distance of 25 miles, which would afford any additional water-power required. The surrounding country is remarkable for the cxfjuisite beauty of its natural scenery and its uncommon healthiness, as well as for its exceeding fcrlility and great advantages for manufactures, trade, and business. The excess of fiour over and above the home consumption that i^ annually sent to market from Easton and its vicinity, exceeds llo.ooo bar- rels, and 50.0(H) barrels of corn meal. At Enston alone during 1851, there were manufactured 90,000 barrels of EAS EAS flour. 14,00U barrels of whiskey, 3,000 Ions of pig metal, and 800 Ions rflineress of Ea-st<>n eon&ists of S weekly newq:iapers, viz., the *' Northampton Correspondent" (dem.), " Der Democrat" (Germ.dem.). the "K. "Whig," the " E. Sentinerxdcm.), the '•Independent Democrat." the "Eastonian" (whig), the "Korlhaniptnn Courier" (dem.), and the "Democrat and Argus" (dem.)— all is.sued weekly. Tbe population of Easton in 1S20 was 2,3T0; in 1S30, 8,529; in USO. 4,S65. and in 1550. East Oka-ngk, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: on Alum cr., 15 m. N. Columbus. East OitA>-GE, p. v., Orange co., Verm.: 15 m. E. S. E. Montpelier. East OuAKGF,\nLLE, p. o., 'Wyoming co., K Y.: 21S m. TV. Albany. East Okleass, p. v., Barnstable co., Mtiss. : 73 m. 8. E. Boston. East Orbikgton, p. v., Penobscot co., J/**. ; 63 m. E. N. E. Aiigusta. East OTTi.1, p. o., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : liS ra. W. by S. Albany. East Painted Post, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : IGG m. ■W. S. ^y. Albany. Uy the Erie K. E. 293 m. fi-om New York City. East Palf-^tise, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohi(>: 13S m. E. N. E. Cnhmibus. East Palmyra, p. o., 'Wayne co., X. Y. : 108 m.W. by N. Albany. East Pakibu, p. c, Oswego co., X. Y. : 122 m. W. N. ^V. Albany. Eabt Paesonfield, p. v., York co., Me. : "2 m. S. "W. Augusta. East Pemiskoee, p. v., Genesee co., X. Y. : 226 m. \». Albany. Tlie Buffalo and P.ochestcr R. K, and the Canan- daigua R. R. pass the village. East Penn, t. and p. o., Carbon co., Penn.: S4 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Drained by Mahoning and Lizzard creeks of Lehigh r., which makes its E. border. Tbe Blue Mountains traveree its S. line, and through this, in tbe E. part of tlic t., is the Lehigh Water Gap. Iron ore and coal abound, and there are several furnaces, etc. Pop. about 1,700. East Peppeeell, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : 36 m. N.W. Boston, near the line of the "Worcester and Nashua R. R. East Peru, p. v., Clinton co., X. Y. : on Little Au ^able r. of Lake Champlain, 126 m. N. Albany. East Puai^'^aua, p. v., Chenango co., X. Y.: 09 m. "W. by S. Albany. East Piebpoint, p. o., St. Lawrence co., X. Y. : 1-"G m. N. "W. by N. Albany. East Pike, p. v., Wyoming co., X. Y. : on East Koy cr., 21S m. "W. Albany. * East Pitcairn, p. o., SL Lawrence county, X. Y.: 121 m. N. W. Albany. East Pittsfield, p. v., Somerset co., Me.: on a branch of SebasUcook r., 30 ul N. N. E. Augusta. 18 East Pittstox. p. v., Kennebec co., J/f. ; 14 m.S. S, E Augusta. East Plainfield, p. v., Sullivan eo,, X. Hamp. East Plvmoith. p. v.. Ashtabula Co., Ohio: on Ashtap bula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. East-Point, p. o., Do Kalb co., G(i.: on the line of tho Macon and Western K. E., G m. E. of Atlanta, and the point from which tlie La Grange R. U. diverges. lu a direct Une it is distant SO m. W. N. "W. Milledgeville. East Poland, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me.: on the line of tlu! Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R., 31 m. from Port- land, and 33 m. S. W. Augusta. Eastpoet, t. and p. v., Washington county, Me.: 144 m, E. by N. Augvi-sta. The t. consists of Moose Island, 4 ra. long (2,150 aci'es), and several smaller islands, viz.,J)udley's, Ercderick, and Patmos, in Passamaquoddy Bay. The t. of Eastport (lat. AAP 54' N., and long. 66° 56' W.) is on Moose Island, which is conuecleii with Dennysville and Perry by bridges, and with Lubec by a ferry, and is but a short distance from the British islands — Indian and Oampo Belli). It lias a fine harbor in Passamaquoddy Bay, and tho tide is here rapid, and rises 25 feet. It has a large lumber trade, and its trade with the neighboring provinces has long been VL-ry flourishing. In the fisheries and coasting 11 has also a large number of vessels engaged. The t' of 5,0u0 volumes, and the number of its alumni counted 151. It has a farm and workshop for ir^nua! labor. The town has a goodly number of manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, and a population of 2,633 inhab- itants. East Windsor Hill, p. o., Hartford co., Cojin^ : 15 m. N. N. E. Hartford. East Wintiieop, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. .* 6 m, "W. Augusta. EastWobukn, p. t., Middlesex co., M(KS.: 9 m.N.N.'W. Boston. East Woolwich, p. v., Lincoln county, Me, : 29 m. 8. Augusta. East Worcester, p. v., Otsego county, i^. }'. ; 46 m. W. Albany. Pop. about 200. Eaton county, Mich. Situate toward the S. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained in the N. and E. by Grand r. and its fributariL-s; in the middle and west by Big Fork of Thomapple r. ; and in the S. W. by Battle cr. of Kala- mazoo r. Surface uneven, and many of the streams are in- terrupted by falls and rapids, which make good mill-sites. The soils are everj-where fertile, and produce the best of wheat; and in many parts there are extensive forests. Farms 746; manuf. 4S; dwell. IMS, and pop.— wh. 7,ttoo, fr. col. 3— total 7,'i5S. Capital: Charlotte. Eaton, t. and p. o., Eaton co., Mich. : 16 m. S. W. Lan- sing. Brained by Battle cr. and the head waters of Thorn- apple r. Population 539. Charlotte, is located in this town. Eaton, t. and p. o., Carroll co., Ji. Uamp. : 51 m. N. E. Concord. Surface diversified. Soils middlingly fertile, and In the plains there is abundance of pine timlier. Iron ore la found here. There are several large ponds in tlie town, some of which empty through Pigwacket r. into Swift r. on the N., and a larger one on the S. flows into Cssipee Lake. It is a purely agricultural region. Pop. 1,751, Eaton, t. and p. v., Madison co.,iV. Y. : 94 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by the head streams of Chenango r. Sur- face rolling. Soil gravelly loam and clay, very fertile, pro- ducing the grains and grasses abundantly. The L contains the CO. seat, Morrisville, and also the v. and p. o. of Eaton, which lies to the S. of the t. on the W. side of the river. It has several factories and mills, and a population of about 500 inhabitants. Pop. of town 3,944. Eaton, p. v., and cap. Preble co., 0?no: on the E. side of St. Clair's or Seven Mile cr., which here has a fall of 20 feet in SO rods, affording great water-power. It contains a court-house and other co. offices, several handsome church- es, a considerable number of manufacturing establishments, gtorcs, and warehouses, and has an extensive inland com- merce. Its population numbers about 1,8- 2 souls. Two newspapers, the " E. Register" (whig), and the " E. Demo- crat'' are published weekly. The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Eaton E. li.. connecting ultimately with the Indiana Central K. E. at Richmond, intersects the v., and makes it an im- portant station on one of the most important roada of the State. Eaton, t, and p. o., Wyoming co., Penn. : 96 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Bowman's and other creeks of Bu.squehanna r., which makes its E. and N. E. boundaries. Surface mountainous. The "Knob," an eminence on the Busquehanna, rises 1,150 feet above its surface. The soils aro of average fertility, and productive of grasses and grain. Pop. about 1,100. Eaton, p. v., G ibson co., TenTi. : on the N. fork of Forked Doer cr., 12S m. W. by S. Na)*h\ille, Eaton, p. v., Cedar co.. Mo. : lOS m. S..W. Jefferson City. Eaton Ce-vtre, p. o., Carroll co, A' Uamp. : 51 m. N. E. Concord. Eaton E>lpu>8, t and p. v., Eaton county Mch. : 12 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Grand r. The v. is located at tlie rapids, called as above, and is a flourishing settle- ment. A newspaper, the "Eaton Democrat," is published weekly. Pop. oft. 1,525. Eatonton, p. v., and cap. Putnam co.. Ga. : to the E. of Little r., a branch of the Oconee r.,24 ni. N. by W. Milledge- ville. It contains a court-house, and other co. offlccs, and about 600 inhabitants. The Eatonton R. R. to Milledgo ville, when completed, will connect the v. with tlie Georgia and South Carolina E. R., and thus open up an avenue to the sea-board for an extensive agricultural country. Eatontown, p. v.. Monmouth co., i\'. Jer.: on a branch of Swimming r., 36 m. E. Trenton. It contains about 45 dwellings. The vii-inity is a pleasant and fertile country, and has a oomiuandingviewof Uie Atlantic, 4 orS m.to th£ eastward. E.VTONTLLLE, p. V., IlerklmcF CO., J^. K ; 64 m.W. N.W. Albany. Eau Pleeke, p. 0., Portage co., Wise. : 103 m. N. by W Madison. Ebenezer, p. v., Morgan county, Ga. : 37 m. N. N. W. Milled geviUe. EuENEZER, p. o.. Holmes county, Miss. : 53 m. N. by E. Jackson. Ebhxezeh, p. v., Fayette oo., TenTu: 159 m. W. £. W. Nashville. Ebesezeeville, p. v., York district, S. Car. : 76 m. N. Columbia. Ebensbfegh, p. b., and cap. Cambria co., Penn.: 103 m. W.by N. Harrisburg. It has a conimanding site on the Alleghany Mountains, and contains a brick court-house aiul county offices, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. EcKFORD, t. and p. v.. Calhoun co., Mich.: 3S m. S. S.W. Lansing. The v. is on Beaver cr., a branch of Kalamazoo r., which is the principal drain of the township. EcKMANSTiLLE, p. T., Adams CO., Ohio: J6 m. 8. by W. Columbus. Economy, p. t., Wa}'ne co., InH. : on the E. side of Mar- tindale's fork of the E. branch of White Water r., 57 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Fop. 400. Economy, t and p. v.. Beaver co^PenTi.: 182 m.W. by N. Ilarri.sburg. It lies on the right bank of the Ohio r., and on the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 17 m. below Pittsburg. The v. is laid out on two streets parallel to the r., with others crossing at right angles. This settlement was made by George Rapp,a German, who with a number of his countrj-men of the religious order of Harmonist?, first settJed in Butler co., Penn. ; from thence they all rcmove^l to the Wabash, and built the village of Now Harmony. At that time they numbered about SOO. New Harmony was purchased in 1S1 4 by Robert Owen, the Scotcli Socialist, and Rapjj and his followers established themselves at Economy. In 1832 a number of them seceded and joined Count Leon, who claimed to be a special messenger sent from heaven to establish a Zion in the West. They settled at Phillipsburg, opposite Beaver, but the society soon ceased to exist. The Harmonists hold their property in common. They have a good number of mills here, and are noted for their in<]ustry and sobriety. The population of Economy ia about 1,400. Rapp died in 1S47. EcoKCE, t. and p. o., Wayne co., 3Iirh. : 76 m. E. S. E. Lansing. DraineT the Riviere Aux Ecorces, an afHuenl of Detroit Strait, which makes the E. border of tliet. P. fi53 EpniNGTON, t, and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : G m. N. E Bangor, and 71 m. E. N: E. Augusta. The v. is pleasantly located on the E. side of Penobscot r., and has considerable trading facilities. Pop. off. G'^^fi. Eddvville, p. v., Wapello co., Ja. : on the left bank of Des Moines r., opposite tho moutli of Gray's cr., 61 m. S.W. Iowa City. EDDTvn-i.E, p. v^ Cattiiraugus county. A''. y..-252 ra. W. by S. Albany. Eddytille, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., /w/. ; on the 105 EDE EDI a thrivilie village of about 6U0 inhabitants, and bas cons.d- IrTllIL rrit>caon,14 n>. U. the E., .as the former "7l::U p. v., Koc. island co., /«.: to tbo N. of ^i^-^:s;nS.:^^^srs&i,,ed.e.i.. Eden, p. v., Hancock county, Jnd. : on Sugar cr., .4 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. . ,, „ ,, Eden, t. and p. o., Hancock CO., Me. : occupying the N E. part of Mount Desert Island, 73 m. E. Augusta. Surface uneven. Soil fertile. It is washed on three s.des by Ereochman-s Bay and Mount Desert Sound, the aUer o^ which separates it from the main. Severa small '^l""-!' "I^ the coast in Frenchman's Bay belong to this town. W h nianv fine harbors, it has comparatively extensive coasting trade, and great advantages for the shore flshenes in wh, man; of the inhabit.m« are engaged. It is noted, a^o for its large crops of cr.inberries, amounting in some years to 1,000 bushels. I'op- l.l-"- Eden, p. v., Ingham co., Mich. Sen tank ^v., Erie co., ^^. T. : 2G5 m. W.Albany Drained by Cauquaga an.l Big Two Sisters' ""^s, wne > flow to Lake Erie. Surface undulating; soil, a gra>clly loam and elav. The v. is on the S. side of Oauquaga cr., about 14 m. S. Buffalo. I'op. of t. '2,494. Edbn, t. and p. c. Fond du Lac co., W.sc ,'64 m. 1.. h- Madison. Drained by the head branches of Milwaukie r., which rise in this town, and also by streams faUing mto "Winnebago Lake. Top. S40 EnEN, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio : 187 m. N. E. C^lumbus^ Located on a cr. of the W. branch of Mahoning r., about 6 m S W. of Warren, the CO. seal. Eden, p. o., Eandolph eo., N. Car. : 73 m.^W. Ealeigh. Eden p. o., Laurens dist., & Car. : 81 m. N. W. Columbia. EDEN p. v., M'Kean co., Pmn. : 161 m. N.W. Uarrisburg. Eden, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Term. .'81 m^N. by E. Montpelicr. Drained by Greene r. and ^Mld Branch o LamoiUe r. Surface mountainous, rocl^y, and cold, but good for grazing, and produces line cattle and sheep. 1 he v is ploasanUy located near the centre. This t. was gran od to " Colonel Seth Warner and his associates, our worthy friends, the officers and soldiers of his regiment^ in the line of the Continental Army," 2Sth August, 1 ibl. PoP- 6"^ Edenbueg, p.v., Cameron co.. r«r. ; 39S m. S. Austin GUy. Edenbukg, p. v., Shenandoah CO., I trg. : 112 m. N. "ft . '■~,ti,D, p. v., irwin CO., Oa. : 119 m. S. Millcl^evillc. Eden's E.DGE,-p. o., Sullivan CO., Tenn. : 240 m. E. by N. "e'de^on, p. v., Clermont co.. OMo: S9 m. S. W. by S. """EDt";, p. v., and cap. Chowan co., K Car.: near the mouth of Chowan r.. at the head of Edenton ^^^ seta up from Albemarle Sound, 123 m. E. N 1.. Latag .. U contains the eo. offices, and bas about 1,60, inhabitants. Considerable shipping is owned in the v., and a newspaper, the " Albemarle Bulletin" (whig), is published weekly Edenton, p. v., St. Lawrence Co., jV. 1.: 146 m. i<. W. ^S Y.>..EV, p. o., Erie co., ^- J■■■}'\lJfl''^^: ^- entille, p. v.. Orange co., N. 1.: % m. 8. 8. W. ^ Edgak county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 642 sq. m. Drained by Big. Bnilelte's, and Cedar "eek, and Emban-as r., all tributaries of the Wabash. Surface chiefly level or undulating; prairie interspersed with timber. Soils crenerallv fertile, producing Indian com, »•■"«' *'™' f'^' Farms l".175 ; manuf. 38 ; dwell. 1,TU2, and POP'-'T"- i.")^**'. fr. col. .M-total lO.BflS. Capiml: Paris. PuUtc Wori». Mississippi and Atlantic B. B. , ,„ a -p Edgac. p. v., St. John Baptist par.. La.: 49 m. s. l Baton Eouge. 196 Edgabtown, t. p. v., port of entry, ?"'' "P'^^f ".^ '^^■ U,,M ■ on the E. portion of Martha's \ine)ard. 73 m. S Ce. Boston. Ithiclndes fflso the fertiie island of Chappe- quWat k, 6 m. long and 2i m. wide, on the S. E., on winch ar a emnant of the Indian tribe of the »-™e -"'■: ^;-; nn^£t;:::i::^^-™:rr;h:^ a^;ds^^:r:;irt^-^5 tr'le In the foreign trade, in 1S49-60, five -ss s 0,2^ ton.1 were cleared, and seventy-two vessels (13,-'S6 to s) wer Intered. The shipping owned in the coUection dis- Tt was 7,609 tons, of which ^«* '™---,:;; - '^ " f;,^/;' ' 1 956 tons were enroUed and licensed, and IsD tons were i'eensd (under 20 tons); of the enrolled and licensed ship- 1.. 743 tons were employed in the coasting rade 953 n U otod flsheries, and 210 tons in the -f e'cl shenes fhe district of Edgarlown comprises all of Marthas N ,ne>ard "1:;^;:™!~r£"f''^--E.ecnt;ally.and eot^il 492 sq. m. Drained by Tar r. and 'ts 'ributarie FishinK cr. forms its N. and part of the E. border, and Par he remainder .0 the E. line. Surface level. Soil mod- erately fertile, adapted to cotton, and producing abundance rfTndian cor'n, oal wheat, etc ^ J'™''-,,— "^"^rpop exported. I^rms 737 ; --^ ^^ j^^]^'' ^^ — wh. S,305, fr. col. 2i7, si. b,.Mi— toi.ii ii.i-» J Tarboro'. PuUic Wor^s : Weldon and ^ ""'"S'^/gK^ Edgecomb, t. and p. v., Lincoln ea, Me.: ^^ ™- *' S' E- Augusta. The t is situate between Daman cDtta r. on the E and Sheepscot r. on the W.. being drained by their afflu- en," It .rconsiderable shipping employed ,n the coi^^ Ltirade and fisheries; and sUip-buUding U here a consider- able interest. Pop. 1,42S. EDGEKiELD district, S. Car. Senate toward the s J., ■ind contains 1,6SI) sq. m. Drained eliieOy bj tributaries orsav^nnah r. which makes its S. W. line, and ot salu.la Xc washes its N. E. border. The head waters of s;utb Edisto r. are also within the ,listriet. Surliice .nod- :.r-aelv uneven. Soil not very fertile, but well adapted to cMton, corn, etc. It has also numerous P-l-'- "'^^^^ lisbments. Farms 2,030 ; manul. 19, : dwelh 3.019, and nop -wb. 16,275, fr. col. 262, si. •22,725-toUil 39,262 Cap- S'.- Edgefield ^ourt-houso. FuUlic ^yort.: SouUi tar* ""EntriE^D C. n.. p. v., and cap. F-dgefleld dist., S C^.: 6.1 m W. bv S. Columbia. It contains a C. U. and other dislri'et ofne'es, and about 2,200 inhabilanls. A newspaper, the '• E. Advertiser" (dem.), is published weekly. ED,7EnELD. p. v.. Pike CO., Ala. ; 45 m. S. E- ';"'>"S--^|' Edge Hill, p. o.,Kins Georgo co., mg. : &t m. N.I,.E. liiehniond. c, ... TT Montgomery CO., P«iii..- S4 m. a.. Enr.K lltLL, p. o., Ilarrislnirg. Edobmost, t. and E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. p 0, Delaware co., Pc"H..' S7 m. ,. ... uarr.soui... Drained by Eidley's cr. of Delaware It is a Hue agricUural town, an.l contains about bOO inhabitants. ^ ,. , ■ . 1 .>.i m Edina, p. v.. Scotland eo.. Mo. : on S. Fabms r., 13.3 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. l'oi>- i*'^ „_ -, ,„ EDiNBOBOCGn, p. b., Erie co., P«."..- 207 m. ^.W. Harrishurg. Pop. 500. „ S K Edinbi-kgu, p. v., Garrard county, Ky-- o2 ra. b. i- ^ EmNB^n. p. v.. Johnson co., M. : on the E. side of the F. branch of White r., about 2 m. above the confluence of sugar r., and at the point where the Madison and n- dianapolis R. K.- crosses that stream, and the Me Unfile Lateril Branch E. E. connects with it, 30 m. S. s. E. Indian- »poli3. It is a flourishing and important village, having EDI EGG extensive water-power, and being: located in the midst of a fine agricultural region. It was first 6ellk. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 290 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Green r., which passes through it from E. to W. There are several springs In the CO., of which Dripping Spring is the most curi'nis and best known. Surface diversified. Soils of average ferlility, producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco, licmp. etc. Farms 507 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. G51, and pop.— wh. 3.75:3, fr. col. 10, si. 525— total 4,088. Capital : IlrownsviUe. I'ld'- Uc Worl-a: Nashville and Louisville R. R. EoMOXTON. p. v., Barren county, Ky. : 98 m. S. S. W. Frankfort,' Edmund's, p. c, Brunswick co., Tirg. : 57 m. S. by \\. Kichmond. Edneyvii.le, p. v., Henderson county, K Car.: 213 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Edk.^t, p. v., Pocohontas co., Virg.: 146 m. AV. by N. Richmond. EpsAi.T.vii.LE, p. v., Bradford co., Perm.: 112 m. N. Harrisburg. Ed-wards county. III. Situate toward S. E., and contains 216 sq. m. Drained by Little Wabash r. and Bonpas cr. of '\V.iba>'h r.. the latter of which forms its E. boundary. The surface is level, rtiostly prairie, with well-wooded bot- toms, and occasional groves of beautiful timber. Grain- growing is the chief business, but there are several mills, tanneries, etc. Farms Si'9 ; mannf. 7 : dwell. 59.5. and pop. —wh. 3 4911, fr. col. 34— total 3,524. Capital: Albion. I Edwards, t. and p. o,, St. Lawrence co., JV. )": .- 144 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Oawegatchio r. Surface un even ; soil, clayey loam. The grazing is excellent. The t contains u-on ore, and has several factories and mills. Pop 1 ,02.3. Kdwardseurgii, p. T., Cass co., Mich.: 98 m. S. W. Lansing. Situate on Beardsley's Lake and at the S. K corner of Beardsley's Prairie. The site is pleasant and the 7. is prosperous and increasing. Edward'b DKi'dx, p. o.. Hinds co., Mi^-is. : on the line of thf Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon K. R., 28 m. "W. Jackson. Edward's Port, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : on the right banl: of the W. fork of White r., IS ra. N. E. Yinccnnes and 87 m. .S. W. Indianapolis. Edwardsvili.e. p. v., and cap. Madison co., III. : on the E. bank of the Cahokia r.. 71 ra. S. by W. Springneld. It contains the visual county buildings, several stores and fac- tories, and about 40U inhabitants. It is located in an ele- vated and pleasant section and in tlie midst of a highly flourishing country. A newspaper, the " Madison Record," is i)Uliished weekly. Edwardsvili.e. p. v., St, Lawrence co., iV. Y. : on the right side of Oswegatehie r., 147 m. N. W. Albany. Edwardsville, p. v., Warren co., Ohio : in the S. E. of the county, 71 m. S. W. Columbus. Eel Rivrr. p. o., Allen co., JnfJ. : on the r. so^alled, 104 m. N. ]C. by N. Indianapolis. Eel r. {Sho-a-make., or "slip- pery fish") rises in the N. W. comer of Allen co. and runs lO't m. S. W. to Logansport, where it empties into the Wabash. Its course is rapid, its volume regular, and, for at least 60 m., its average width is 150 to ISO feet. As a mill stream it is scarcely surpassed in the West. Eel river, Ind.: a branch of White r., emptying into it at Point Commerce. It rises in Boone co., and runs first S. W. and then S. E. through Hendricks, Putnam, Clay, and Owen counties. It is 60 m. long and about ICO feet wide, and affords good mill sites. Eel river, Calif. ; rises on the S. line of Trinity co. by several head streams, and in a course N. W. flows to the Pacific Ocean, which it enters a little S. of Humboldt Har- bor. It is a small stream, Effingham county, G(f. Situate S. E., and contains 39G sq. m. It lies between Savannah r. and Ogeechee r,, and is drained by creeks nnming to both. Surface level, and the soils very fertile. The staples are cotton, rice, and Indian corn, with some sugar, etc. Farms 308 ; manuf. ; dwell. 355, and pop.— wh. 2,009, fr. col. 7, si. 1,848— total .3,804. ra/rtY«Z.- Springfield. Pid>licWorks : Central R. E. Effingham county. III. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 522 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Litlle Wabash r. and its branches — in the W. by streams flowing to the Kaskaskia r. Surface gently undulating — chiefly prairie, but with aliundance of timber. Soils fertile, but on the streams liable to fioodings. Farms 391 ; manuf ; dwell. 712, and pop.— wh. 3,792. fr. col. 7— total 3,799. Capital : Ewing- ton. Public Works: Mississippi and Atlantic E. R. ; Na^ tional Road, etc. Effingham, t. and p. o., Carroll co., 27". Ilamp.: 41 m. N. E. Concord. Drained by aflluents of Ossipce lake and river: surface hilly. It is a fine grazing country, and has several tanneries and saw-mills. I'op. 1.252. Effingham, p. v., Darlington dist., S. Car.: on the N pi> ll-eU Egypt, p. v., Monrno co., jV. }'. ; 1S2 ni. W. by N. Albany. Egypt, p. 0., Effingham county, Ga.: 133 ra. E. S. E. Millcdgeville. Egypt, p. o., Fayctto county, T^nn.: 1G3 la. \V. S. W. Nashville. Egti't, p. 0., Colorado county, Tcr.: 113 m. E. S. E. Austin City. Egypt, p. c, Monroe co., Tirg.: 173 m. "VV. Richmond. Elamstillb, p. v., Patrick co., Virff. : 163 m, "W. S. W. Richmond. Elba, p. v., "Washtenaw co., Mich. : 51 m. S. E. Lansing. Elda, t. and p. t., Dodgo county, Wise.: 28 ni. 3ft. E. Madison. I*op. 1,54S. Elua, t. and p. v., Genesee co., jV. V. : 222 ra-W. Albany. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface undulating; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. The v. is on the left bank of the creek. Top. of t. 1,772, Elbkrt county, Oa. Situate N. E., and contains 560 sq. m. It has Savannah r. ou the E., Broad r. on the S., and Light-wood cr. on the N., the two latter being affluents of the firsL Drained by numerous ereeks flowing to the Savannah. Surface hilly. Soil a productive red loam in tJjo S. Staples — cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and other grains. Farms SO-i; manuf. 20; dwell. 1,177, and pop. — wh. 6,676, fr. col. 16, sL 6,267— total 12,959. Capital: Fi- ber ton. Elberton, p. v., and cap. Elbert co., Ga. : 73 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, a church, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Elbejdge, p. v., Edgar co.. III. : m U»e S. E. comer of the county, between Clear and Big creeks of Wabash r., 110 m. E. by S. Springfield. Elbridge, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. T.: 135 m. "W*. by N. Albany. Drained by the outlet of Skaneateles Lake. Surface moderately uneven, and soils fertile. The Erie Canal passes through tiio N. part of Uie t. and tlio Kocliester and Syracuse K. R. throuj^^h its S. part. It con- tains several factories, a large number of fine mills and stores, and about 3,924 inhabitants. El Dara, p. o., Pike co., III. : 7S m. "W. by S. Springfield. Eldersbcrgii, p. v., Howard co., J/d. : on the W. side of Cat-tail branch of Patuxent r., 81 m. N. \V. Annapolis. Eldeksville, p. v., "Washington co., Pe/iii.: 192 m. W. riarrishurg. Elberton, p. v., Armstrong co., Perm. : on Plumb cr., 13S ra. "W. N. W. Harristmrg. El Dorado county, Odi/. Situate E. middle, and con- tains 1,600 sq. m. Drained by Middle and S. forks of American r., and by Cosunines r. and the N. fork of Moke- lunme r. The E. part of the co. lies on the slope of the Sierra Nevada, and is a rough, volcanic region. In this part of the co. is Fremont's Lake, the source of the S. fork of Araerican r. ; it is 13 ni. long and 6 m. wide. The W. part of the co. is a fine agricultural country. The whole CO. is rich in gold, and it was at Sutter's Mill, a little W. of CuUonia, the co. seat, that gold was first discovered. Farms 000; manuf. 00; dwell. 000, and pop.— wh. 80,000, fr. col. — totaUO,)iOO. Cajiital: CuUoma. El Dorado, p. v., and cap. Union co., Avk.: in the midst of a fl[ie elevated prairie, about 3 ui. S. of Washita r. and 123 m. S. by E. Little Rock. It contains 1 9.5 souls, and has a newspaper, ■' El D. Union" (whig), Issued weekly. El Dorado, p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on the E. side of North Wyaconda r., 129 m. N. Jefferson City. El Dorado, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 78 m. N. N.W. Richmond. El Dorado, L and p. 0., Fond du Lac co., Wiac : 6T m. 198 N. E. by N. Madison. The v. lies about 3 ui. N. W. of Fond du Lac. Eldred, p. o., Wayne county, Penn. : 12S m. N. E. llarrisburg. Eldeedvillb, p. v., Sullivan county, Petm,: 86 m. N. Harrisburg. Eldridge, p. T., Walker county, Ala. : 13:3 m. N. W. Montgomery. Elevatiox, p. o., Johnson co., J^. Car. : 31 ni. E. by S. Raleigh. Elgin, p. v., Kane co., III. : on the W. side of Fox r..l6S m. N. N. E. Springfield. The Galena and Chicago Union R. R. passes through the v., 42* m. irom Chicago. It is a place of considerable business, and has several mills, aloroe, etc.. and about 700 inhabitants, Elgin, p. v., Cattaraugus co., JV; Y. : 233 m. W. by S. Albany. EnDA, p. T., Winnebago co., III. : on the S. line of the CO., on a cr. of Rn and Indianapolis K. K., 33 m. from Madison, and 55 m. from Indianapolis. It contains about 40 dwellings. ELLZAitETn Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., A'j/. ; on the N. side of Yalley cr., a branch of NoUn's cr., 66 m-S.W. Frankfort. Elizabeth Town, p. b., Essex co., A' Jer. ; on Elizabeth cr., 2J m. from its entrance into Staten Island Soimd, 38 m. N. E. Trenton. LaL 40O 3S' N., and long. T40 12' W. The New Jersey R. E., and Ihe New Jersey Central R. Ri inter- sect at this point. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 400 dwellings, and has considerable manufactures. Vessels of 30 tons come up to the v., ancl of 300 tuns to Elizabeth Port, 2^ m. below. Pop. about 3,000. Elizabeth Town, t, p. v., and cap. Essex co., 2^. Y. : 03 in. N. by E. Albany. Drained by several branches of Bo- quet r. Surface mountainous in the \Y. ; in the E. mod- erately mieven. The Clinton range of mountains rises on the W. border, some of the peaks being from 1,200 to 1.500 feet above the level of Lako Champlain. Iron ore of the finest quality abounds. The v. is on the left side of the r., and contains a court-house, jail, etc., an««. Situ.ite W. centrally, and contains 860 sq. ra. I'ndned chiefly by the head waters of Clarion river— in the E. by affiuents of the busquehanna. The surface is elevated, somewhat rough, but the soils are of average fertility, and produce abundantly all the cereals and grasses. Farms 254 ; manuf. 50 ; dwell. 643, and pop. — wh. 3,520, fl-. col. 2 — total 3.531. Cuplkd : Ridgeway* Pttblic Worka: Sunbury and Erie R. R. Elk, p. o., Crawford coimty, WUe. : 77 m. W. by ISU Madison. ElKader.p. v., Claytonco., /(i.;on theS. side of Txirkey r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 81 m. N. by E. Iowa City. Elk Cuelk, t and p. o.. Erie co., Peiin. : 216 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Cussawaga cr., a branch of Elk cr., and a tribularj' of Conneaut r., on tlie last of whiih are salt springs. Surface hilly: soil, gravelly lo.tm and pro^ ductive. It is a good agricultural town, and has about 1,S00 inhabitants. Ei-lt CiiEEK, p. o., Grayson co., Yirg. : on the cr., a trib- utary of New r. so called, 216 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Elk Ceops lioAi>s, p. o., Ashe county, N. Car.: 173 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Elk Dale, p. o., Chester county, Peivn, : 73 m. E. S. B. Harrisburg. Elk Fuknace, p. o., Nelson co., Virg. : 83 m. W. by It Richmonrained by Cowanesque and Crooked creeks of Tioga r. Surface hilly ; soil, graTel loam and clay — heavily tijnbered. Pop. about 900. Elk Lick, t. and p. o., Somerset connty, P&nn. : 123 m. \r. S. W. llarrisburg. It has numerous mills, distilleries, etc., and is an excellent agricultural tMvn. Tbe Alleghany chain bounds it on the east, and it is drained by several branches of Youghingcny r. Elk Mills, p. o., M'Donald co.. Mo. : on Elk r. of tho Neosho, near tho W. lino of tho State, 194 m. S. "W. Joffer- Bon City. Elk Port, p. v., Clayton co., Ja. : on Elk cr.fif Turkey r, T2 ra. N. by E. Iowa City. Elk lliDCE, p. o., Giles co., Tenn. : 53 ra. S. Nashnlle. Elk EiDGB Landing, p. v., Anne Arundel (Howard) co., Md. : on the S. side of Patapsco r., 7 m. above Baltimore, and at the head of tide-water. The Washington Branch K. It. diverges from the Baltimore and Ohio li. K., on the opposite side of the river, the former passing through the village. The viaduct over which the railroad crosses tljc stream, is 704 feet long and 55 feet above the surface of tho water, resting on eight arches constructed of granite quar- ried in the neighborhood. The v. has considerable manu- laetures, and, in fact, the whole vicinity is one scene of mechanical industrj'. Pop. about SCO. Elk Kiver, p. v., Clinton co., /((..- on Elk r.. a small affluent of the Mississippi. 69 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. Elk IliVEE, p. 0., Franklin county, Temi. : 69 m. 9. S. E. Nashville. The r. from wliich this p. o. has its name, is a considerable tributary of the Tennessee r. ; it rises in the hilly region on the E. border of Franklin county, and thence passes through Lincoln and Giles counties, int^j Alabama, where it Joins the Tennessee near the Muscle Shoals. It has a large number of aflluenLs. Elk river, Or^g. Ter. : a tributary of Umpqua r., which It joins at the v. of Elkton. Elk river, ^f(I. : rises in Pennsylvania, and flows by a broad estuary into the N. part of Chesapeake Bay. It is navigable for 15 m. to Elkton. Elk river, Ahr.: an aflluent of Tennessee r., which it enters a little above the Muscle Sho-ils. Elk Run, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 93 ra. N. by 'W. Richmond. Elk SpRiNfis, p. o.. Pike co., Mo. : on Elk Lick of Salt r., 76 m. N. E. Jefferson City. Elkton, p. v., Umpqua co., Oreg. T^r. : at the confluence of Elk r. with the Umpqua, 9^ ni. S. Salem. Elkton, p. v., Crawford co., III. : on the edge of a fine prairie, 10 m. TV. of Ilutsonville, on the "Wabash, and lOS m. E. S. E. Springfield. Elkton, p. v., and cap.- Todd co., Ky. : on Elk fork of lied r., a tributary of Cumberland r., 167 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house and other co. offices, and about 600 inhabitants. Elkton, p. v., and cap. Cecil co., Md. : at the forks of Elk r, 15 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, at Turliey Point, 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. It is a well-built place, with a court-house, co. prison, etc., and has 1,12S inliab- Itants. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore K. E. pxsses the town a little to the N. Elkton, p. v., Hickory co., JA). ; about 5 m.^W. of Pomme de Terre river, an affluent of Osage river, 83 m. S. W. Jefi'erson City. Elkton, p. v., Giles co., Tfun. : on Elk r. of tho Tennes- see, 72 m. S. Nashville. Pop. 200. Elkton, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the middle fork of Little Beaver r., and on the line of the Bandy and Beaver Canal, 129 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is located on the W. side of the entrance of Elk Run, into the above-named river, and ctintains 100 inhabitants. Elkville, p. v.. Caldwell co., N. Car. : on Elk cr., at its confluence with Yadkin r., 157 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Ellejay, p. v., and cap. GUmer co., Ga. : at the conflu- ence of the Ellejay and Cottercay rivers, 14.3 ni N. W. by N. Milledgcville. It contains a C. U. and other county buildings, and about 300 inhabitanta. Ellejay, p. v., Blount co., Term.: 156 m. E. by S. Nashville. Ellenuokocgu, p. v.. Grant co., Wise: on the E. side of Platte r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 63 m, W. S. \X. Madison. Ellenhttrgh, t. and p. o., Clinton co., 2v\ Y. : 143 m. N. Albany. Drained by English and other creeks of Cliateau- guay r., which flows N. into the SL Lawrence and the head streams of Chazy r. of Lake Charaplaiu. Surface hilly but generally arable. Pop. I,l04. Ellengowan, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. Ellenville, p. v., Ulster co., Al i'.: at the junction of Sand Bar and Good Beerkill creeks, 71 m. S. by W, Albany, and on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It contains three churches, an iron foundry, several stores, fac- tories, and mills, and about 600 inhabitants; and a news- paper, the "E. Journal" (dem.), is issued weekly. In the vicinity is an old lead mine. Ellehoy, p. v., Stephenson county. Mi. : 173 m. N. Springfield. Ellebslie, p. v., Harris co., Ga.: 106 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. Ellerslie, p. v., Susquehanna co.y Penn.: 129 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Ellery, t and p. v., Chautauque co., A'". Y. : 273 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained chiefly by several creeks of Chautauque Lake, which forms its AV. border. Surface undulating ; soil, sandy and grarcUy loam. ,The v. on the E. shore of the lake contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of the t, 2,504. Ell (JnovE, p. o., Henry co,, Tenn.: 92 ra. W. by N. Nashville. Ellicott Creek, p. o., Erie co., 2i, Y. : on the creek so called, 259 m. W. Albany. Ellicutt's Mills, p. v., Anne Arundel (Howard) co., Md. : on Patapsco r.. 12 m. above Baltimore, and 31 ra. N. by W. Annapolis. The Baltiraore and Ohio R. R. passes through the place. The whole vicinity is one scene of productive industry ; and here is the greatest centre of flouring-raills in the Union. In I>50 the population amounted to 1.059, of which nund)er 196 were free colored persons. The " How- ard Gazette" is published weekly. The vicinity for 10 or 12 m. around has nuich grand scenery, and the lands in gen- eral are in a good state of cullivalion. Ellicottsville, t., p. v., and cap. Cattaraugus co., Al Y. : 244 ni. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley cr. and its tributaries. Surface undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. The v. is located on the right side of the cr., which is an affluent of Alleghgny r. ; it contains the county build- ings, and about SOO inhabitants; and h.is three newspapers, the *' Cattaraugus Whig," the " Cattaraugus Republican" (dem.), antl the " "Whig and Union," all published weekly. The I. is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1.412. Ellington, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: 16 ra. N. E. Hartford. Drained by Broad Brook of Scanlic r. and Hock- anum r.. the outlet of Snipsick Lake and an affluent of the Connecticut. Surface varied — on the E. hilly, and on the "W. generally level ; soils light and dry, and of average jtro- ductiveness. The v. is located at the cross roads, near the centre of the U, and contains about GO dwellings. Pop. of tlio t. 1,355. Ellington, p. v., Outog.imie co., Wise. : 103 ra. N. N. E. Madison. Ellington, t. and p. o., Chautauque co., K Y.: 270 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Clea^ cr. Surface undulat- ELL ELM ing; soil, sandy niiU prawlly loam. There are several tanneries aiul niiils in the t., aud about 2,001 inbabilauts. Elung wood's Corner, p. v., Waldo co., Me. Elliott, t. and p. v., York county, Me,: 100 m. 8. W. Augusta. Drained by creeks of Piscataqua r., which makes its S. "VV. border. Surface varied, and soil generally pro- ductive. There are several tanneries and mills in the t., aud about 2.200 inhabitants. Elliottsbukgu, p. v., Perry county, Penn.: 32 m. "W. Ilarrisbnrg. Elliott's Cross Eoads, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: OG m. E.S. E.'CoIumbus. Elliott's CBt.ss Koadb, p. o., Clinton co., Ky. : on the S. line of the State, 110 m. S. Frankfurt. ELLiOTTsviLLy, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., 3le. : 79 ni. N. by E. Augusta. Elliottsville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: on the right bank of the Uhio r., 12C m. E. N. E. Columbus. It has several ponds and brooks emptying through Sebee and Pleasant rivers into the Piscataquis. The v. lies on "Wilson's Brook, an affluent of Sebec Lake. Ellis county, Tt-x. Situate N. centrally, and contains 800 sq. m. Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r. Or- ganized since 1S50. Capital: Waxahachi. Ellis island, A'". Y. : in the harbor of New York, op- posite the mouth of Hudson r. It belongs to the United States, and is the site of Fort Gibson, now used as 'a naval store-house and powder magazine. It is also known as Gibbet Island, from the fact of its having been formerly the place for hanging or gibboling pirates condemned to death. Ellis river. Me. : a tributary of Androscoggin river. Ellis river, A^. Ham}). : an aflluent of the Saco from the White Mountains. ELLisniTF.GU, p. v., La Grange co., Ind. : 136 m. N. X. E. Indianapolis. ELLisBunsu, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. A''. 5'.; 136 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by the branches of Sandy cr., an affluent of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface level; soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on Sandy cr., which affords extensive water-power, and has several mills, about 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. The Waterlown and liome K. i;. passes through the E. part of the t., and at Pierrepont forms a junction with the Ellisburg aud Saek- ett's Harbor If. R. Pop. 5,524. Ellisburgu, p. b., Potter co., Penn. : 126 m. N. by V7. Harrisburg. Ellison, p. o., Warren co., lU. : SS m. N. W. Springfield. Lllistos, p. v., Madison co., Ky. : 4S m. S. E, Frankfurt. Eluston, p. v., Onondaga co., A^ J'. ; 124 m. W. by N. Albany. Ellistown, p. v., Pontotoc co., Miss.: 155 m. N. E. Jackson. Ellisville, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the Santa Fe r., a tributary of Suwanee r., 112 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Ellisville, p. v., Bladen co., A^. Car. : 73 m. S. Ealeigh. Ellisville, p. v., FulUiu co.. III. : on the E. side of ijpoon r. of the Illinois, 69 m. N. W. Springfield. There are several large mills on the river, both above and below the village. Ellisville, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Mi^s.: on Talla- hala cr., a constituent of Pascagoola r., 7S m. S. E. by E. Jackson. Ellisville, p. v., SL Louis co., Mo.: 83 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Ellisville, p. v., Louisa county, Virg.: 51 m. N. W. Bichmond. Ellittbville. p. v., Monroe co., Iiid. : 44 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. Tlie Xcw Albany and Salem 11. li. intersects this place, 7 m. N. W. Bkmmington. Ellswobth, p. v., Litchfield county, CoJin.: 41 m W. Hartford. Ellsworth, t., p. v., and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : 71 m. E. ty N. Augusta. Drained by Union r., and there are several large ponds emptying into it. Surface varied. Soil fertile, adapted alike U) grain growing and grazing. The V. is situate at both sides of Union r., at the head nf tide water, and accessible to large vessels. The r. is here spanned by a bridge, connecting the two sections of the v. It con- tains a court-house, co. jail, and the co. offices, and about 600 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 4,009. Ellswoktu, p. v., Texas co.. Mo. : on Big Piney Fork of Gasconade r., 7S m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Pop. 9." 3. Ellswohth, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 132 m* N. E. Columbus. Drained by an aflluent of Mahoning r. Surface diversiiied,and soil of average fertility, well adapted to grass and grain. The v. on the Canfield and liavt-nna Turnpike, contains luO inhabitants. The cheese and butter of this t. have long been noted in tlie markets. Ellwood, p. v., Muhlenburgh co., Ay. ; 146 m. W. S W Frankfurt. Ellwood's Bridge, p. c, Delaware co., A'; Y. Elm Bluff, p. o., Dallas co., Ala. : 47 ra. W. Montgomery. Elmer, p. o., Salem co.. A' Jer. : 57 m. S. S. W. Trenton. Elm G hove, p. o., Marion co., 7t*. ; in the S. E. corner of the CO., 77 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Elm Grove, p. o., De Soto co.. Miss. : 177 m. N. Jackson. Elm Grove, p. o., Lewis county, Mo.: 103 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Eiji Grove, p. o., Highland co., III. Elm Hill, p. o., Davidson co., Tenn. Elmira, p. v.. Stark co.. III. : on the E. side of Spoon r. of the Illinois, 90 m. N. Springfield. Elmira, t., p. v., and cap. Chemung co., N. Y. : 15S m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Chemung r. Sur- face uneven ; soil in the valleys and flats very fertile. Tho V. is located on the left side of Chemung r., at the entrance of Newton's cr., where is extensive water-power. It eon- tains a court-house, and other co. oflBces, and has a number of manufacturing establishments, stores, warehouses, etc. It is also a great lumber market, and has a considerable trade. The Chemung Canal has itsSouthern terminus at this point, and the New York and Erie II. E. passes through the v., and 4 m. W. of tho v. is tapped by the Canandaigua and Elmira II. 1*. Thr-e newspapers are published here — the '■E. Republican" Ovhig), the " E. Ga;:ette" (free soil), and the " E. Couri r" (whig)— all issued weekly. Two bridge* cross th Chemung r., over one of which the li. K. passes, and over the other the turnpike. Pop. C,212. The original nam of the t was C<>n-e-ica-icah. It was settled in 17SS, and called "^ Newton," and in 1791, the v. havini; been loca- ted by Moses De Witt, its name was changed to " Dewilta- burg." In the last year the first frame-house was built, and the lands were sold to settlers at IS pence per acre. Tho t. finally received its jiresent title from some gentleman who named it after his wile. Pop. ot t. s,u;6. Elmira, p. • ., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Elmure, t. and p. o., Lamoille co., Vei'^^n. : 16 ni. N. by E, MontpoHer. Drained in the S. by branches of Onion r., and in the N. by branches of the Lamoille. Surface elevated and rough ; soils moderately fertile. The v. is located in the N. part of the t. on a branch of Lamoille r. The t. has several ponds, and contains iron ore. Pop. 504. Elmore, p. o., Peoria co., lU.: 73 ni. N. Springfield. Elm Point, p. o,, Bond co.. III.: irl the middle of Fork Prairie, between the forks of Shoal cr., an aflluent of Kas. kaskia r., 61 m. S. by E. Springfield. Elm Springs, p. v., Washington co.. Ark. : 144 m. N. W. Little Rock. Elm Tree, p. <».. Hancock cA., III. : on the edg»- of a fine prairie, 6 m. E. S. E. Carthage, and S4 m. W. N. W.^ Springfield. Elm Wood, p. c, Peoria co., III. : on Kickapoo cr., 63 ni. N. by W. Springfield. Elm Wood, p. o., Saline county, Mo.: 76 m. W. N W Jefferson City. 201 ELO ENF Elon, p. o., Amherst co., Virg. : 92 m. W. Richmond. Elrod, p. v., Eipley co., Iiid. Elton, p. v., Cattaraugus co., iV, Y. : 146 m. W. by S. Albany- Elton, p. v., Edgefield district, & Car.: 64 m. W. ColumI)ia. Elyria, t, p.v., and cap. Lorain co., Ohio : 108 m. N.N. E. Columbus. Drained by Black r. of Lake Erie, and its trib- utaries. Surface uneven ; soils generally fertile. The v. is pleasantly located between the E. and W, forks of Black r., which unite about half a mile N. of it, and each of which has a perpendicular fall of nearly 40 feet on the opposite sides of the v., affording extensive hydraulic power. The principal streets extend from one branch of the river to the other, and the buildings exhibit much neatness and taste. It contains a court-house and other co. buildings, several furnaces, factories, and mills, and about 1,4S2 inhabitants; and two newspapers, the "E. Courier'" (whig), and the ** Lorain Argus'* (dem.), are published weekly. The Lake Shore E. It. trom Cleveland to Sandusky, passes through the village. Pop. of t. 2, CSS. Eltsbl-kgh, p. v., Northmnberland co., Pom. ,• 54 m. N. Harrisburg. Elystan FiELbs, p. o., Harrison co., Tex. : 270 m. N. E. Austin City. EL\sit'M, p. v., M'Henry co.. III. : on the S. side of Boon cr. of Fox r, IS2 m. N. N. E. Springfield. ELTsriLLE, p. v.. Itoward co., Md. : on the Patapsco r., and on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio K. R., 21 m. W. Baltimore, and 40 ni. N. W. Annapolis. It contains 1 cot- ton and 1 oakum factory, 1 church. 1 school, and lOG inhab- itants. The houses are built of brick and stone. The vicin- ity is thickly settled, and in a highly flourishing condition, both as respects its manufixcturing and agricullnral interests. The lands are fertile, and afford a considerable quantity of produce for market. Eltto?^, p, v., and cap. Jefferson co., .4^^. .• at the head of Catooehee or Valley cr.. SI m. N. N. W. Monlgomery. It contains a court-bouse and the co, jail and olBces, and about 150 inhabitants. The country is elevated, and the lands famous for their fine cotton. Emanuel county, Ga. Situate toward E. centrally, and contains 1,100 s*]. ra. t)rained by Cannouchee r. and other affluents, of the Ogeechee, and by several head streams of Great Ohoopee r. of the Alatamaha. Surface level, and soils, except in the valleys, sandy and of indifferent fertihty. Farms 511; raanuf. 0; dwell. 605, and pop.— wh. 8,591, fr. col. 24. si. 962— total 4,577. Capital : Swainsboro'. Emaus, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 76 m. E. N. E. ITarris- burg. This is a Moravian village, at the foot of South Mountain, and is built in one street. It contains about 40 dwellings. The site was bequeathed by two brethren for Uie support and promotion of missions. Emaus, p. 0., Bedford county, Virg.: 123 m. "W. by S. Richmond. E-MnATtP.AS PorNT,p. o.,Edgarco., ///. ; at the head of the E. fork of Embarras r., 93 m. E. by S. Springfield. Embdes, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 54 m. N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by several affluents of Kennebec r., which makes its E. border. The v. is located in the N. E. part ofthe town. Pop. oft 971. Embden Centre, p. o., Somerset co., 2fe. : 57 m. N. N.W. Augusta. Embrebville, p.v., Chester co., Penn.: 71 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. E.MERALD GeOVE, p. 0., lyOCk CO., WlSO. .' SS DQ. S. S. E. Madison. EMEr_soN'R Tan-Yard, p. o., Chatham county, 2^. Oar. : 47 ro. "W. Raleigh. Emeuy, p.v., Fulton co., Ohio: 128 m. N. N.W. Columbus. Emery's Mills, p. o., York co., 3fe.: on the S. branch of Mousam r., about 3 m. below the pond from which the elream has its rise, and S2 m. S. W. Augusta 202 Emigsville, p. v., York county, Peini. ; 87 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. Eminence, p. v., Logan co.. III. : in the N. E. part ofthe CO., S. of Sugar cr. of Salt cr., an affluent of the Sangamon, 37 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. Eminence, p. v., Henr>' co.. Ay. .* 23 m. N-TV. Frankfort Eminence, p. o., Schoharie co., 2^. Y. Eminence, p. v., and cap. Shannon eo., 3Io. : on the left bank of Current r., 9S m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- tains a court-house, etc.. and about 120 inhabitants. Emlenton, p. v., Venango co., Pentu : 16S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Emma, p. v., "VS'Iiite co., III. : on the E. of Little "Wabash r., US m. S. E. Springfield. Em-met, p. 0., Lake co., III. ; between Des Plaines r. and Lake Michigan, S ra. S. by W. Waukegan, and 1S9 m. N. E. by N. Springfieid. Emmett county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. ni. Taken from Pottowattorace in 1S51. Emmett county, Mich. Situate N.W.exlremity of Lower Peninsula, and contains 144 sq. m. A new co. since 1S59. E.mmett, t and p. o.. Calhoun co., Mich. : 43 ra. S. W Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and its tributaries. The Michigan Central R. R. passes through the t about 118 m. from Detroit. Pop. 1,5S2. Emmett, t and p. v., Dodge CO., Wise. : 36 m. E. N. E. Madison. Pop. 1,207. Emmettsville, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : on the N. side of and about a mile from Mississinewa r., 64 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. Emmitt. p. v.,Wilkin8on co., Ga. : on the S. fork of Com- missioner's cr., an affluent of Oconee r., 15 m. S. Milledge- ville. The Central R. E. passes througli the v., 152 m. from Savannah. EMMiTTSifCBGn, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the "W. side of Flat r., a tributary of Tom's cr., and extending back almost to that stream, 73 m. N. W. Annapolis. It has 5 churches, several stores, and S12 inhabitants. In the vicin- ity the Roman Catholics have several celebrated religions and educational institutions. Mount St. Mary's College, 2 m. distant, is one of the best schools in the Union ; it was founded in 1S30, and had in 1S50 a president, 24 professors and instructors, 137 alumni, and 126 students. Hs library contains about 4,000 volumes. Mount St. Mary's Theolog- ical Seminary had a superior, and 3 professors, and 24 students. St. Joseph's Academy, about half a mile from the v., is a female institution, conduced by the Sisters of Chari- ty ; and near here is the Congregation of the Missions, from which so many sisters have been sent into the world to alio- viate human suffering. Besides these there is SL Philome* na's Asylum, attached to the Congregation of Missions for the Education of Orphan Girls, and served by four sblers; a Free School for girls, and other charities. Emoey, p. v., Washington co., Virg. : 264 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. Emory, p. v., Holmes co.. Miss, : 56 m. N. by E. Jackson. Emory Iron "Works, p. o., Roan co, Tenti.: on Emory's r., a branch of Clinch r., 126 m. E. by S. Nashville. Empire, p. c, Whitesidea co., ///.; 133 m. N. by "W Springfield. Empire City, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif.: on the S. side of Tuolumne r., S>in. S. E. Yallejo. E.mpire Iron Works, p. o., Trigg co., Ky. : 197 m.S.W. Frankfort. Esnr.R, p. o., "Will CO.. III. : 140 m. X. E. Springfield. Energy, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: 9S m. E. by S. JacksoiL Enfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Con/i. : 16 m. N. by E. Hartford. Situate on the E. side of Connecticut r.. over which is a bridge connecting it with Suffield, and also one in the S. part of the t, over which the New Haven. Hartford, and Springfield R. R. passes from Windsor Locks to Warehouse Point This railroad skirts the r. through the t., passing through Thompsonville. Scitico and Hazardville are other ENF ERI Tillages in Enfield. ThompsnnYiUe is noted for iU extensive carpet factories, and Hazardville for ita powder mills. Pop. Of town i,-ii'j\\ Enfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3fe. : 92 m. N. E. Augusta. The v. is located on the E. side of Penobscot r., which forms the "W. border of the town. A large pond lies on the E. border. Pop. 392. Eki'ield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. W. Boston. Drained by two branches of Swift r., a tributary of Chieopoc r., whicli .afford water-power. Surface diver- sified. Soil adapted best to grasses. There aro considerable manufiicTures in the town, consisting of cotton and woolen goods, b";)0l9. shoes, etc. Pop. 1,936. ExFiELD, p. v., Halifax co., ^V". Cnr. : on the line of the Wilmington and AVeldon E. K., 66 m. N. E. Paleigh. It is & place of considerable business, and has 4ui) inhabitants. Entield, t. and p. v., Graflon co., N. ILtmp. : 36 m. N.W. Concord. Surface pleasantly diversifled, and soil of average fertility. It contains several considerable ponds, the outlets of which afford water-power./ The v. lies at the S. end of Mascoma Pond, and there is a Shaker's village and settle- ment on the "W. side of the same, which is characterized by the neatness and economy so usual with these sectarians. The settlement embraces about 1,000 acres of land in a high 6tate of cultivation. In the N. part of the t. is Enfield Sta- tion, on the hue of the Northern P. P., which here crosses Jthe t 59 m. from Concord. Pop. 1.7-J2. Enfield, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 1-t.i m. TV. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Cayuga inlet. Which afford water-power. Surface undulating; soil grav- elly loam. The v. contains about 30 dwellings. The t. is chiefly agricultural, and contains 2,117 inhabitants. Enfield, p. v., King William co., Virg.: 24 m. N. E, Blcbmond. . Enfield Centp.e,p. v., Tompkins county, 2^. TI .■ 145 m. W. by S. Albany. Engellville, p. v., Schoharie county, K. Y. : C7 m. "W. Albany. English NEiGnsoBnooD, p. v., Bergen co., JVi Jer. : 62 m. N. E. Trenton. It contains 2 churches and about 40 dwell- ings. The distance from New York City is about S miles. Ekglish Prairie, p. o., M'Uenry co.. III. : on the N. E. comer of the co.,193 m. N. N. E. Springfield. English Settlement, p. v., Marion county, la. : on English cr., an affluent of Des Moines r., 103 m. \Y. S. W. Iowa City. Englishtown, p. v.,Monmonth co., N.Jer.: on Matcha- ponix cr., 27 m, E. Trenton. It contains several stores, about 40 dwellings, and ISO inhabitants. The country in Che vicinity has a light and sandy soil. Ennisville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on Standing Stone cr., 63 m. "W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Enoch, t. and p. o.. Noble county, Ohio : S4 ra. E. by S. Colund'us. Drained by Duck cr. Surface varied, and soil generally fertile, well adapted to grain. Pop. 1,43S. Enoe Mills, p. o., Orange co., jV". Car. : on Enoc r., an affluent of the Neuse, 31 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. Enon, p. o., Bureau co., lU.: 113 m. N. Springfield. Enon, p. v., Macon co., Ala, : 31 m. E. Montgomerj-. Enon, p. o., Clark co., Ohio: 47 m. V^. Columbus. P. 204. Enon Grove, p. c, Heard co., G(u: 114 m. W. by N. Milled gevi lie. Enon Valley, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 1S9 m.W. N."W. Ilarrisburg. Enohee, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Cat: : on Enoree r.. n affluent of Broad r., 66 m. N. Vi. by N. Columbia. ENOBDrp.Gii, p. v., Franklin co., Ven/i. : 44 m. N. by "W. Jlontpelier. Drained by tributaries of Missisqui r.. which flows through the N. part of the t., and affords good water- power. Surface varied, and soil best adapted to grasses. The v. lies about the centre, and contains 22 dwellings. ENosBiT.cn Fali-8, p. o., Franklin co., Vei-m. : 47 m. N. by "W. Montpelier. Entehprise, p. 0.. Orange co.. Plor. r on the N. side of a lake or expansion of St. John's r., 226 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat 2SO 49' N., and long. Sio 12' W. Enteki'Rise, p. o., Wayno co., lU. .- on the E. side of Elm cr. of Little Wabash r., 112 m. S. E. Springfi-Id. Enterpeise, p. 0., Shiawassee co., Mich. : 27 ni. N. E. Lansing. Enterprisf., p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on a branch of Elk r. of the Neosho, 182 m. S. W. Jefferson City. ENTE11PRI6E, p. 0., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Enterprise, p. v., Clark co., 3/?^s. ; on Chankey cr. of Chickasawa r., 92 m. E. by S. Jackson. Enterprise, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 89 m. TV. by S. Columbus. EoLiA, p. o., Dane co., TT/sc. .* 22 m. N. E. Madison. Epuratau, t. and p. v., Fulton co., S. Y. : 46 ni-W. N.T^. Albany. Drained by Garoga and Zimaierman's creeks, affluents of Ml. liawk r. The surface is uneven: soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on the right bank of Garoga cr.. and contains about 200 inhabitants. The L has considerable water-power, and several factories and mills. Pop. 2,0S0. Epuratau, t. and p. v., Lancaster county, Penn. : S3 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. The v. was founded by a singular sect from Germany, the Tunkers or Dunkers. Most of the original peculiarities of the sect have disappeared, but they still live remarkable for the regularity of their lives, the simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of (heir dcvolinn. Contention at law or with arms they regard as unchristian. Pop. about 1,979. Epplng, t. and p. v., Eockinghara co., iV. Hump. : 27 m. E. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r., which affords good water-power. Surface level, and soil generally of an average fertility. The v. is located on the Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 19 m. from Portsmouth, and SO m. from Concord. The t. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and 1,433 inhabitants. Pop. 1,663. Epsom, t. and p. o., Merrimac co., N". JIamjy.: 11 ni. E. by S. Concord. Drained by Suneook r. and its tributa- ries. Surface uneven ; soils suitable for grass or grain. The v. lies on a creek of Suneook Eiver. Pop. 1.30o. Equality, p. v., and cap. Gallatin CO..J/L: on the N. side of the S. furk of Saline cr., an affluent of the Ohio r..lu9 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. It contains a neat brick court- house and other co. offices, several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 120 dwellings. In the neighborhood Uicre are salt-works. Pop. 794. Equality, p. v., Coosa connty, Ala. : 32 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Equality, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : 119 m.'W. N.TV. Columbia. Equator, p. o., Lee co., ///. ; 136 m. N. by E. Springfield. Equinunk, sta., Delaware co., K Y. ; on the E. bank of Delaware r., and on the line of the New York and Erie P. P., \0S m. from New York City. At present it contains little more than the railroad buildings and oflicca, and a hotel, but it has many advantages that the future may- develop. Equinunk, p. v., Wayne co., Pe7in. : on the "W. side of Delaware r.. I'O m. N. E. Harrisburg. It has several mills, and in the neighborhood are a large number of tanneries. Erasmus, p. o., Lincf»ln co., A\ Car.: 146 m. W. by S. Paleigh. Ercildown, p. o., Chester county, Penn. : 73 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Erie county, -V. Y. Situate W., and contains S76 sq. m. Surface generally level or undulating, except in the S., where it is somewhat hilly. Niagara r. and Lake Erie form its TV. border, and Cattaraugus County makes its S. line. Drained by Buffalo, Ca\-uga, Cazenovia, Seneca, Elljcoti's, Cauquaga. and Tonowanda creeks. Farms 4,S?0; nifinuf. 6SS ; dwell. 17,104, and pop.— wh. 100.214. and t>. eol. 779— total 100,993. Capital : Buffalo. PulUc Works : Eria ERI ERI Canal; Buffalo and Rocbcster 11. K. ; liuffiilo and Niagara Falls R. 11. : Buffalo and Slato Line K. 11. ; Buffalo and Now York tity It. 11. ; Buffiilo and Braulford li. K. ; Buffalo, Corning, and New York II. li., etc., and numerous plank roads. Krie county, Ohio. Situate N. on Lnke Erie, find con- tains 324 sq. m. Drained I)y Huron and Vermillion rivers, and Pipe cr., the latter emptying into i?andusky Bay, and Ihe two iirst into the lake. S-irface generally level, and soils fertile. A large commerce centres in this co. Farms 1,021; manuf. 73; dweU. 3,362, and pop.— wh. 1S,366, and fr.col. 202— total 1S,5GS. Capital: Sandusky City. Public Works: Lake Shore li. E. ; Sandusky and Toledo E. E. ; Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E, K. ; Mansfield and Sandusky E. E., etc. Erie county, Penn. Situate in the N. W. comer of the Stale, lacing on Lake Erie, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained ty Conneaut, Elk, Walnut, and other creeks flowing into the Lake, and French cr. of the Allegliany r. Surface un- dulating ; soils various, consisting of sandy loam, gravel, and day in different proportions, and well adajited \fi grass. Farms 3,3S4 ; manuf. 255 ; dwell. C,S25, and pop.— wh. 88,593, fr. col. 149— total 8?,T42. CapUM: Erie. PuUUi Worka: Erie and North-East E. R. ; Cleveland, Rainea- vUIc, and Ashtabula R. E. ; and Sunbury and Erie R. R.; also Beaver and Erie Canal. The two first of these form links in the great chain of railroads CvU-n lin^' along the southern shore of Lake Erie. Erie, p. v., Whitesides co., JV. : on the N. side of Rock r., 122 m. N. by W. Springfield. Erie, p. c, Eoaa eounty, Term,: 129 in. E. by S. Nashville. Erie, t, and p. v., Monroe co., Jlfioh. : 84 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Vance r. and Bay cr. The town is the soulh- easternmost in the State, and includes North Cape and sev- eral islands. It contains a good stone quarry. Pop. 1,144. Erie, p. v., and cap. Camden co.. Mo. : on the S. side of Osage r., between the Little Niangua and Grand Au Glaize rivers, 45 m. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court- house, a jail, etc., and has a considerable river trade. Ekii:, p. b.. port of entry, and cap. Erie co., Penn. : on Presque Isle Bay of Lake Erie, 213 m. N. V,'. by W. llar- risburg. Lat. 42^ 10' N., and long. 50° OS' W. The borough extends along the bay for 3 m., and from it 1 m. The harbor of Erie is one of the best and safest on the Lake, with S or 10 feet of water on the bar. and the depth within it averages 20 feet. In extent it is about 6 sq. ra. The borough eon- tains the CO. court-house, a jail, and other offices, churches of all denominations, schools and academies, a bank, nume- rous wholesale stores, commission and forwanling houses, and lumber yards; also foundries, mechanic shops, and manufacturing establishments of various kinds. Its pop. in 1840 was 3,412 ; in 1S50 it contained 5,8o0 ; and in 1S52, by estimate, S,500. At the first period it had few facilities of internal communication— at the las^ the line of railroads from Buffalo was completed, and also the lino to Cleveland, thus extending its commercial highways to tlie extreme "West and East of the Union. As yet, however, tlio pros- perity of the borough is only in its first grade of develop- ment. Its harbor is being improved ; Ihe line of canal from Pittsburg is progressing to completion ; a railroad is being built to connect it with the Erie R. R. and New York City ; another from Erie, via Sunbury to Philadelphia, in Penn- sylvania; and still another to Pittsburg. These lines of travel and transportation will place it on a par with Buffalo, Dunkirk, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc.. and make it, in a com- mercial point of view, one of the most important ports of Lake Erie. The lake commerce centering at this port is as yet comparatively small, and the shipping owned by the inhabitants in 1650 was only 7,870 tons, of which 5,350 tons were navigated by steam-power. Favoring circumstances now compel the fortunes of Ihe place, and its rise will be rapid; and it is not improbable that when the census 204 enumeration of 1S60 is taken, that Erie will count a popula- tion of nearly 20,000 inhabilants. The newspaper press of Erie consists of a tri-wcekly paper and 4 weekly papers : tha tri-wcekly is the " Erie Observer" (dem.), of which also is issued a weekly edition; the "E. Chronicle'' (whig), tb« "E. Gazette" (whig), and the "Commercial Advertiser* (whig). Erie has long been a port, the position and local advantages of which were appreciated by the lake naviga^ tor, and it has as long been a harbor of refuge to the national vessels in war or storm. It was here that Perry, in the last ■war with Great Britain, fitted up his fleet; and in case of war again ensuing, no port on the lake has the same ad- vantages for defense and safe harbor, Presque Isle being a natural breast-work, easily defended against the enemy. Erie, lake: one of the five great hikes of North America, between the United States and Canada. It lies between 41° 22' and 42^ 52' N. lat., and between 78° 55' and 53° 23* W. long., and has the Slates of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on the S. and S. E. borders, and the fertile peninsula of Upper Canada on the N. Its shape is ellii>- tical— its length 265 m., and its breadth from 10 to 63 m. It receives at its W. end, through the Detroit or strait, Iha discharge of water from the great upper lakes, and dis*- chargea ita own waters through Niagara r., celebrated for its stupendous wat<'r-falls. Its surface is elevated 665 feet abovo tide water at Albany, 52 feet below lakes Huron and Michigan, and 322 feet above the level of Lake Ontario. lis waters are shallower than those of the other great lakes; Ihe greatest depth that has been obtained by sounding is 270 feet, but its mean depth is not more than 120 feeL It receives from Canada but a few small streams, the principal of which is the Ouse, near its E. extremity. From Michigan it receives the Huron and Raisin ; from Ohio, the Maumoe Portage, Sandusky, Vermillion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, and Conneaut; from Pennsylvania, the Elk and other streams ; and from New York, the Cattaraugus and Buffalo creeks. The rivers of Lake Erie have bars at their mouths, rarely affording more than 8 feet water. A little N. W. of Sandusky Bay is a group of isJands called Nortli, Middle, and South Bass islands. In the N. part of South Bass Island is Put-in-Bay, which has 12 feet water, and affords one of the best harbors on the lake, and is easily ao cessible. Into this harbor Commodore Perry brought his prizes afier the battle of the 10th Sept., 1S13. The best har- bors on the south shore, are the harbor of Sandusky, Ohio; Erie, Penn.; and Buffalo and Black Rock, A'. York. Port Maitland, at the mouth of Grand or Ouse r., forms the beat and almost the only harbor on the Canada shore. Grand r., after a course of 100 miles, enters Lake Erie 40 m. direoUy W. of its outlet. In consequence of its shallowness, a part of the lake is frozen over in wint^;r, and navigation is for several months suspended. The importance of this lake for the purposes of commerce has been greatly increased by the canals and railroads, connecting its jiorts with the inte- rior and the sea-board. The canals are the "Welland. the Erie, the Ohio, the Miami, and the Wabash and Erie canals; and the principal railroads are — the line of raiU roads from Buffiilo to Albany; the New York and Erie E. E.. from Dunkirk to New York City; the Sunbury and Erie R. R., from Erie to Sunbury and Philadelphia; the Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E. ; the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. ; the line of railroads from Sandusky to Cincinnati ; and the Southern Michigan R. R., from Toledo and Monroe to Chicago, etc.; and besides these, there is a continuous line of railroad from Niagara Fall^ through Buffalo, Dunkirk, Erie. Cleveland, Sandusky, To ledo, etc., skirting the southern line of the lake from on* end to the other, and connecting with the lines directing inland from these several ports. The business which is done on this lake by the aid of these channels is im- mense, and is constantly increasing. The following was the tunnage of the Bcveral collection districts on Lake Erlo at two periods: ERI ESS 1840. lS.'>i"t. Iiic'e in lOy'p. Buffiilo 4,916 80,679 .. .^ .... 34.T(J3 Presquclsle 3,860 T,STO 4,510 Cuynhoga 9,514 85,315 25,801 Bandueky 2,643 7,328 4,6S5 Miami 2,232 2,629 397 Detroit 11,4^32 36.^93 25.46 1 Total S4;09T 129,714 95,617 Thia, in 1840, included more than 300 vessels, and in1S50 more than 1,100, consisting; or ships, brigs, schooners, sloops, steamboats, and propellers. Of the vessels moved by steam- power, the number is great, and many of tliem ofthe largest class, little inferior to those navigating the Iludsun River. In 1S50, the tonnage of this description of vessels amounted to5S,199 tons, nearly one half the aggregate American ton- nage on the lake. Tliis enumeration does not include the tonnage of Canadian ports on tlie lake, wliich. however, is not large. The value ofthe commerce on this lake alone is roueh larger than that of the foreign commerce of Uie whole United Slates. Ekieville, p. v., Sladison co, K. Y. : 102 ra. W. Albany. Pop. about 200. Erin. p. v., Merriwellipr co.. Ga. : on the N. line of Iho cjonnty. and about 6 ru. W. of Flint r., 78 ni. W. by N. Millcdgcville. EniN, p. o., M'Henr)" eo,, I?l. : 2 m. N. of Woodstock, and ISl N. N. E. Springfield. EniN, t. and p. o.. Chemung co., X. Y. : 14S ni. "W. S. W. Albany. Drained byCayuta cr. Surface hilly ami broken, and sfiil gravelly loam of moderale fertility. It is almost entirely an agricuKural town. Vo]<. 1,813. Ei;iN, p. v., Cliit'kasaw county, Mls^i. : 123 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Erin. p. o., Jasper co., Ttv. : on tlie E. side of X^chcs r., 238 m. E. Austin City. The Jasper and Beaumont Iload Intersects the place about 14 m. above the S. line of the co. Ekix Shades, p. o., Ilcurieo co., Virg. Erroll, t. and p. o., Coos co.. iV. Hanip. : 10^ ni. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Androscoggin r. and its trilnitarie.s. On the E. lies Lake Umbagog, which forms its liouudary in that diredion. The t. is entirely devoted to agriculture, and is icrj- sparsely settled. Pop;i38. Ervisg, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Jfass.: on the E. side of Connecticut r., 75 m. W. by X. Boston. Drained chiefly by Miller's r. Surface diversified with fino meadows on the Connecticut. Its streams afford fine water-pnwer, and it bas considerable manufactures. The Vermont and Massa- chusetts li. R. traverses the t. on the S. and "W. borders, fol- lowing the valleys ofthe rivers. Pop. 449. Erwinsa. p. v., Bucks co., P^nn. : on the richt bank of Delaware Uiver, 37 m. N. Philadelphia, and 113 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Erwinsvili.r, p. v., Cleveland county, JV: Car, : 162 m. TV. S. W. Raleigh. EnwiNTON, p. v.. Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on the X. side of Briar or., an affluent of Savannah r., T3 m. S. S. W. Columbia. EsPAMitrA county, FInr. Situate in the extreme W.. and oonlairis 570 pq. m. Escambia r. and Pensacola Bay bound it on the E., and the Cnlf of Mexico on the S., while the Perdidn r. makes its W. line. Surface low and level near tiiesc-fl. but rises to some height in the interior; it is drained by mimertius tributitries of the border rivers. Soil generally po(jr. and covered with pines. Farms:i4; manuf. 9; dwell. 563, and pop.— wh. 2.644, fr. eol. 875. si. 1,332— total 4 351. Capita/: Pcnsacola. PnhlicWnrls: Fort Gaines .^nd IVn- flacola R. R. ; Montgomery and Pcnsacola R. R. ; Bruns- wick and Florida R. R., etc. (all projected). EscAMRiA river, Ala. and Fhr. : rises in Monroe co., Alabama, and flows S. E. into Florida, where near the State line it unites with the Conecuh, a larger river than itself, and thence flows S. into an arm of Pensaeola Bay. From Iho junction this stream is properly the Conecuh. EscoHEAG, p. v., Kent co., 7?. T. EscuLApiA Speixgs, p* V., Lcwis CO., Ky. : 92 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Esmond's Coeneks, p. o., Calhoun co., M/c?i. : 53 m. S.W. Lansing. EsoM Hill, p. o., Paulding co., Ga.: US m. N. N. W Milledgoville. Esoi'us, t and p. v., Ulster co., 2f. Y. : 57 m. S. by "W, Albany. It has the Hudson r. on the E. and R(mdout cr. on the N.W. side. Surface uneven and broken ; soil, sandy clay and gravelly loam. The v. is located about 2 m. W. of the landing on the Hudson, and contains about 30 (hvell* ings. Pop. oft. 2,872. EsrERASCE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., JV! Y. : SO m. W. Albany. Drained by creeks of Schoharie r., which bounds it on the E., and affords considerable water-power. The v. is located near the N, E. corner of the co. on tlie right bank ofthe river, and contains about 300 inhab. Pop. oft. 1,4-S. ' Esi'Y, p. v., Columbia co., Penn.: on the right bank of Susquehanna r., 62 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Pop. about 2^0. Espyville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn.: 19S m. N. "VV. Ilarrisburg. Essex county, Masss. Situate N. E., and contains 365 sq. m. The Atlantic Ocean washes its E. line, and New Hampshire lies on its N. border. Drained by the Merrimac and Shawsheen rivers. Surface uneven and rough, but the soil in many parts good, and always well cultivated. It has an extensive coa.st, good harbors, an active commerce and fishing interest, and great wealtti, and in manufactures is one of the most productive in the State. Farms 2.S10; manuf. 1,53S; dwell. 18,878, and pop. — wh. l.Sil.6S2, Ir. eol. 61S— total 131,300. , Copitah: Ipswich, Newburyport. aiui Salem. Pitbllc Worka : Boston and Maine R. R. ; I-'.asteru R. R. ; Newburyport R. R. ; Salem and Lawrence 1'. R., etc. Essex county, JV. Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 241 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Passaic r., by the Rahway r., and some others. Two chains of hills pass through it, and make its surface uneven and rough; 'soils generally red shale. It has immense hydraulic power and extensive manufactures. Farms 1,745; manuf. s.36 ; dwell. 10.964, and pop.— wh.71,7S3, fr. col. 2,161, and si. G— total 73,950. r(i7>?V-//: Newark. Pnhlic TI'(?/7.'« .• Morris Canal ; Morris and Essex R. R.; New Jersey R. R.. etc. Essex county, K Y, Situate N. E., and contains 1.779 sq. m. Surface hilly in the E., and mountainous in the AV. Mount Marcy. the highest culmination, rises to the height of 5,467 feet above the level of the sea. Lake Champhiiu lies on its E. border, along which is some good land. It is one of the richest mining counties of the State, abounding in iron ores, copper, manganese, etc. Farms 1.S72 ; manuf. 199; dwell. 5,321, and pop.— wh. 31,098, and fr. col. 50— total 81,148. CapiUd : Elizabethtown. Puhlic Works: Platlsburg and "Whitehall R. R. (projected), etc. Essex county, Verm. Situate N. E. in the corner of the State, and contains 226 sq. m. Drained by streams of the Connecticut, St. Lawrence, and Lake Mcmphremagog. The Connecticut makes it.s E. line. Surface rough : soils generally poor, except in the river valleys. The county abounds in fine timber. Potatoes and oats are the eliicf products. Farms 602 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell, S46, and pop.— wh. 4.647, fr. col. 3— total 4,650. Cajpital : Guild Hall. PuUic Works : Atlantic and St. Lawrence U. R., etc. Essex county. Virg. Situate E., and contains 280 sq. m. Drained by tributaries ofthe Rappahannock r., which makes its N. E. border. Surface somewhat uneven: soil, except on the streams, sandy, and not of average fertility. Ha products are the grains, with some cotton and tobacco. Farms 3'3s ; manuf. 1 7 ; dwell. 725. and pop.— wh. 3 "25. fr. eol. 419, si. 6.762— total 1().206. CopiUil: Tappahann-n-k. Essex, p. b., Aliddle^ex co.. Conn.: on the '^'. side of Connecticut r., 7 m. from its mouth, and 31 m. S. S. E. Hartr<»rd. it is eng.Tged in ship-building, and has a con- siderable coasting trade. Pop. aboui 1,000. 205 ESS EVA Essex, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass.: 27 m. N. E. Boston. Drained by Chebacco r. and otber streams emptying into Squam Bay. The village lies near the centre of the town, a,nd lias about 850 inhabitants. Many small vessels are built in Essex, and numbers arc employed in coasting and the ftsheriea. The manufactures of the town consist chiefly of boots and shoos, barrels, cordage, etc. Pop l.o&o. Essex, t. and p. c, Clinton co., Mich. : 23 m. K. by W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Maple r., on which there are several salt-works. Pop. 410. Esses, I. and p. v., Essex co., N. Y. : 103 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Boquet and other creeks of Lake Cbauii)lain, which makes its E. border. The village is located on the lake shore, and has a good steamboat land- ing, etc. It is a place of considerable trade, with ware- li'-uses, stores, a ship-yard, and about 100 dwellings. The town is chiefly agricultural. Pop. t^.S-M. Essex, p. c, Fulton county, Ohio: 131 m. N. "W. by N. GoUimbus. Essex, t and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 81 m-W. N.W. Monlpelier. Drained in the S. by Onion r., and in the N. by Brown's r., a branch of Lamoille r. It has also several smaller streams. At Hubbell's Falls, on Onion r., are ad- mimblo mill-sites, at which considerable manufacturing operations are carried on. Surface varied by hill and dale : poll in the S. and "W. sandy, and covered with pine — in other parts a sandy and clay loam, with hard wood, and fertile. Along Onion r. are some tracts of beautiful inter- vale. The village near the centre contains about 20 dwell- ings. In the S. AV. there is a new village, called Essex Junction, where the Burlington Branch diverges from the main line of the Vermont Central R. E. Pop. oft. 2,097. EsTELLixE FcTRXACE, p. o., Augusta CO., Ylrg. : IDS hl N. "W. rachmond. EsTELvuLE, p. T., Atlantic co., N'. Jer. : 51 m. S. by E. Trenton. Esull county, JTy. Situate E. centrally, and contains 46S gq. m. Drained by creeks of Kentucky r., which flows through it in a north-west direction. The surface is rough and well-wooded, and the soils produce the usual staples of the State abundantly. Coal and iron are also staples, and arc produced and worked successfully. Farms 604 ; manuf. 2 ; dweU. 934, and pop.— wh. 5,563, ft. col. 6, sL 411— total 5,965. Capittil: Irvine. Estill's Mills, p. o., Platte co., Mo. : 152 m. W. N. "W. Jefferson City. EsTiLLviLLE, p. v., and cjp. Scott CO., Virg. : on Mocassin cr. of the N. fork of Ilotston r., 202 m. W. S. W. Itiehraond. It contains a court-house and other co. ofl3ce3, and about 40 dwellings. EniEEinGE, p. o., Jones co., Ga. : 23 m."W. Milled gcville. Etna, t. and p. v., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface diversified : soil of average fertility, producing excellent wheat. The village hes on the hnc of the Kennebec and Penobscot B. R. Pop. oft. S02. Etna, p. c, Lapeer co., Mich. : 66 ra. E. N. E. Lansing. Etna, p. v., Tompkins county. A''. }'. ; on the right bank of Fall cr., 131 m. "VT. by S. Albany. It has about 250 in- habitants. Etna, t. and p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: 16 m.E. Columbus, Drained by S. fork, of Licking r. The vilbgo is located on the National Road. Pop. of t.1,307. Etna. p. o., Hanover co., Virff. Etna Centre, p. o., Penobscot CO., Ma. : 47 ra. N. E. Augusta. Etowah, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.,a oonstilueut of the Coosa, 1-23 m. N. TT. Milledgeville. Etowah river, Ga.: one of tlie main constihients of Coosa r. It rises in Franklm co., and sweeps southerly through Cherokee and Cass counties, and into Floyd co., where it unites with the Ooslanaula r., forming together the Coosa, a river of Alabama. 206 Ettees, p. o., York co., Penn. EuBANKs, p. o., Columbia county, Ga. : 69 m. E. N. 1^ MilledgevilR. EccLiD, p. v., Onondaga co., i^T. T. : S. of the outlet of Oneida Lake, l'.i6 m.W. by N. Albany. Euclid, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 132 n^ N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by creeks falling into Lake Erie, which washes its N. limits. Surface broken, and much of the soil of only average fertility. The village is located on the line of the Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula li. R, Pop. oft. 1,447. Eltacla, p. v., Barbour co., Ala.: on the W. side of Chattahoochee r., at the mouth of Eutmla cr,, 73 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Eugene, p. v., Vermillion co., Ind. : on the right bant of Big Vermillion r., about 3 in. above ltd confluence with "Wabash r., and 70 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It has a town-hall and several stores, with a population numbering 478 souls. EuHARLET, p. v., Cass county, G2. EvANSBiTiGit, p. b., Crawford county, Penn. : 203 nk N. W. by W. Uarrisburg, EvANSBunon, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: on the N. side of Tuscarawas r., and on the line of the Ohio Canal, 73 ta, E. N. E. Columbus. It has a fine commercial position, and contains several warehouses, stores, and about 120 dwell* ings. Pop. SOO. Ev.vNs* ?JiLLS, p. 0., Chatham co^ iK Car. .* 23 m. W. Raleigh. EvANspoRT, p. v., Defiance co., Ohio : on tlie "W. bant of Tiffin r., 123 m. N. W. Columbus. Pop. 165. EvANsviLLE, p. v., Rocfc couutv, UTsc .* 32 m. S, S. K Madison. EvANSviLLE, p. v.,Washington co., Arl\ : 14S m.W. N.'V^ LitUe Rock. EvANsviLLE, p. city, and cap.Vanderbni^h co,, Ind. : on the high N. bank of the Ohio r., 200 m. from its mouth, and 144 m, S. S. W. Indianapobs. It is the 3. terminus of the Wabash and Erie Canal, and also of the Evansville and Illinois R. R.— two facts which m.ake it an important point at which a large commerce must necessarily concentrate; it is by far the largest town and the greatest depflt for prod- uce, merchandize, and travelers on the whole line of the Ohio r., betweon Louisville and ita mouth, a dislance of 400 miles. In 1S50 the exports and imporU of the port amountfid EVA FAC to 17,000,000, and Ihe arrival and departures of steamboats to b,B9S. This was before the completion of the canal and railroad. It coiUaiiis Ihe courts and offices of the co., a branch of the State Bank, the U. S. Marine Iloepital, a mar- ket house, with numerous ehiirclies, hotels, warehouses, stores, etc., and about 3,<5GS inhabitants. The public press of the city consists of two daily, one tri-weekly, and three weekly newspapers, two of the weeklies being editions of Uie dailies. The dailies are the " E. Journal," and the " E. Eepubliean ;" the tri-wcckly, the " Auzeizhcr ;" and the wt-eklii-s, the " Vanderburg Democrat,"' etc, Tlie vast de- posits of coal on the line of the canal will make Evansville, its terminus, one of the best points for fuul on tlie western waters. Evansville, p. v., Jefferson co., JV, }' : on the left side of Indian r., 138 in. N. W. Albany. There are lar£;e mills at this place and vicinity. The projected Watertoivn and Potsdam R. li. will intersect it. Evansville, p. v., liandolph co., lU.: on the E. side of Kaskaskia Ilivcr, 1 ra. below Kine Mile cr., an^. Jer. : 59 m. S. Trenton. EwisGTox, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., ///. ; on the "W. side of Littl<^-\V abash r., 72 m. S. E. Springfield. The National Eoad passes through the village. It lias an ele- vated and pleasing site, and contains the co. offices, several stores, and about GO dwellings. EwiNGTON, p. v., Gallia co., 07iio: S9 m. S. E. Columbus. Exchange, p. o., Warren co., K Car.: 49 ni. N. N. E. Bakigh. EscnAXCEvrLLE, p. v., Mcrccf county, J^enn.: 196 m. W. N. W. Harrisbnrg. EiETER, p. v., Scott CO., III.: on the S.slde of Manvaise- terre cr. of Illinois r., 47 m. "W. by S. Springfield. It has several large mills and about 200 inhabitants. The site is one of the pleasantest in tiie State, and the surrounding vpunlT}' in a flourishing condition. ExETET, t. and p. v., Pt-nobscot co., 3[e. : 59 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained in the N. and E. by Kenduskoag r., and in the S. by tributaries of the Sebasliconk. Surface diver- sified : soil fertile, and productive of excellent wheat. The village /ics a little N. of the centre of the town, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. l,S.'i3. Exeter, t., p. v., and cap. Rockingham co., 2^. TTamp. : '^2 m. E. S. E. Concord. Brained by tribntarics of Piscata- qna r. ; surface level, and soil various, but in general of average fertility. The village lies on Squamscot or Exeter r., at the falls, at the head of tide water. Here is much valuable water-power, and vessels of considerable tonnage can approach to the foot of the falls. It contains a court- house, a jail, and other co. buildings, several churches and schools, among which is Phillips' Academy, founded and -._t;ndowed by John Phillips, LLJ)., in 17S1, and al which many of the ablest jurors, statesmen, and literati of the Stato have received their early education. The town contains numerous manufacturing establishments, and h.is a newa- papcT, the ''Exeter News-Letter," published weekly. The Boston and Maine K. li. passes through the place 50 n^ from Boston. Pop. of town 8,329. The settlement of Exeter was commenced in 1G33 by John Wheelwright and his companions, who formed them- selves into a body politic, chose their own magistrates, and bound the people to obedience. Their laws were made in popular assemljUes, and the combination thus entered into subsisted about three years. Exeter, t. and p. v., Otsego co., K. Y. : 64 ra. W. by N, Albany. Drained by Butternut and "Wharton's creeks, and Canaderaga Lake lies on iLs N. E. line. Surface elevated and hilly ; soil, calcareous mold, well adapted for grain- growing. The village, near the centre of the town, contains u church and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of town 1,526. Exeter, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Midi. : 73 m. S. ii Lansing. Drained by Stoney cr. Soil well adapted to grain and grasses. Pop. 4oS. ExETEK, t. and p. o., Luzerne co., Peim. : 97 m. N. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Surface uneven; soil excellent Drained by Gardner's cr. and Cascade lUm, affiuents of the Susque- hanna r. Shawney liidge passes Uirough it; on the E. sido anthracite abounds. In the S. part of this town the famous bailie of Wyoming was fought in 1I7S. Campbell's "Ger trude of Wyoming"' celebrates the horrors of the scene and circumstance. Pop. about l,SUt>. ExF.TER, L and p. v., Gree:ie co.. Wise: 21 m. S. S. W. Madison. The village is located on the W. side of Sugar cr., an aflluenl of Uock Liver. Pop. of t. 450. Exi.. i.i:, t. and p. v., Washington county, li. I. : 22 m. S. S. W\ I'rovidcnce. Drahied by Wood r. and its branch- es. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; soil gravelly loam and productive. The streams furnish fine waters power, which is extensively used for manufacturing pui^ poses. The village is a small settlement ca^st of the middle of the town. Pop. of town l,G3o. Exeter Mills, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on Kenduskcaj; r., C2 m. N. E. by N. Augusta, Expeki.ment Mills, p. o., Monroe county, Penn. : 105 m N, K. Ilarrisburg. Fatier's Mills, p. v., Nelson co., Virg. : SG m. W^. by N. Liclimond. There are liere several mills and a small a illage of IS or 20 dwellings. Farius, Land p.v., Onondaga co., Al )'. ; IIS in.W. bvN Albany. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderately fertile, and g es ha\e an average length of 100 mile?, and form excellent mill-streams, but are navigable only for a short dislajice from their mouths. FAriLiTT, p. o., M'Minn co., Tt'n7i. : 141 m. E. S. li Nashville. Factor's Fork, p. o., Wa}-ne co^ Tmn. : 95 m. S. W. Nashville. Factory Hill, p. o;, Nansemond eo., Virff. : 82 m. S. Ei Pichmond. FAfTORV PorNT, p. v., Bcnnlnglon co., Verjn : near the head waters of Green r., a branch of Battentill, 91 m. S. S. E 207 FAC FAI Montpelier. The Western Vermont E. E. passes through MancliesU'f, about a mile to the W. of the village. Factoryville, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: on the left bank of Susquehanna r., 103 ni. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. FACTORr\'iLLE, p. V., Kichmond co., y. Y.: on the N. Bhore of Staten Island, 133 m. S. Albany. It contains the extensive works of the New York Dyeing and I^rinting Company, which gives employment to several hundred persons, and are the largest of the kind in the Union. Pop. of the v. an gum r. on one side, and the Scioto r. on the i-llier. The land is generally level, interspersed occasionaJly with conical i 30S hills, and the soil is well adapted to grain culture. In the S. the country is mme hilly, and perhaps of less average fertility than in the N. sections. The drainage is chiefly through the- Ilockhocking r. Farms 2.3S3; manuf. 1G2; dwell. 5,207, and pop.— wh. 29,9S4, and tr. col. 2S0— total 30,264. CapittU: Lancaster. Public Works: Ohio Canal, and Hocking Canal, which form a union at Carroll; Cin- cinnati, Stubenville, and Pittsburg R. li., etc., etc. Fairfield district, S. Car. Situate centrally, and eon- tains 796 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other afllueuts of Broad r., which makes its W. and S. W. border, and by creeks of Watcree r., which runs along its N. E. border. Surface declining southward, but generylly level ; soil light and fertile, producing vast cotton crops, with some of the grains. Farms 675; manuf. 30; dwell, 1,2S2, and pop.— wh. 7,076, fr. col. 82, si. 14.246— total 21,404. Capital ! Winnsboro'. Public Works: Charlotte and South Caro- lina E. E. Fairfield, p. v., Pickens co., Ala. : on the W. bank of Little Tombigbee r., 122 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. FAiRbiELD, t., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Fairfield co., Conn.: 56 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r. and other streams falling into Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the S. Surface pleasantly undulating; soil fertile and well cultivated, producing grain and a large amount of gar* den vegetables. The t. is divided into 3 parishes, Fairfield, Green's Farms, and Greenfield, which are also names of villages. The principal v. lies about 1 J m. from Black Eocb Harbor, which, next to that of New London, is one of tho best on the Sound : it is built chiefly on one street, with a green or square in the centre, and contains a courl-house, jail, and about 140 dwellings, and has several stores and mechanic shops. Greenfield is pleasantly situate in the N. W. part of the town, and is the scene of Dr. Dwight's flne poem of " Greenfield Hill." Fairfield is the port of entry of Fairfield District, and in 1S50 owned a tonnage of 24,329 tons, of which S6S tons were of permanent register, and the remainder enrolle, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : on a branch of Salt r., 36 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Fairfield, p. v., Franklin co., Ind. : on the E. side of the E. fork of White Water r., 66 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It is a flourishing v., and has about 200 inhabitants. Fairfield, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., lU. : on the bor- ders of Ilargrave's Prairie, 126 m. S. E. tfpruigfield. It has a handsome brick court-house and other co. buildings, and contains several stores and about 250 inhabitants. Largo quantities of castor-oU are manufactured here and in tho neighborhood. Fairfield, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., la. : on a branch of Big Cedar cr. of Skunk r., 49 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. U is the seat of a United States Land Office, and two news- papers, the ** Iowa Sentinel'' (dem.), ami the "F. Ledger" (whig), are published weekly. The Dubuquo and Keo- kuk It. E.. as projected, will make this village one of its stations. Pop. 1,200. Fairfield, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Jfc. .- 23 m. N. by E. Augusta, Drained by several creeks of Kennebec r.. which, makes ita E. boundary, and is navigable for Iioala down to Augusta, whore it meeta sloop navigatiou. Surface elevated and hilly: soil goo, I. and p. o., Lenawee co.. Mich. : in. thd 3. FAI FAI part of the co., 74 m. S. S. E. Lansiug. It is drained by Bear cr. of Eaisin r. P,>p. 1;J2. Fairfield, t. and p. v., Herkimer county, 2^. Y. : 73 m. W. by N. Albany. Draint^d by W, Canada cr. Surface hilly and rough; soil clayey, fertile, and well adapted to grazing. The v. contains 3 churches, an academy, several Btorca and mechanic shops, and about 300 inhabitants. Here was located the "Western College of Physicians anil Surgeons, founded 1S12, but now diaeonlinued. Pop. 1,640. PAinyiELD, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on the S. E. aide of Mad r., and on the line of the Mad r. and Lake Erie R. It., 55 m. W. by S. Columbus. It contains several mills and tanneries, various niec!ianic shops, and about I'JO dwell- ings. The jilain on which the v. is located is circumscribed by a line of genUe liitls. FAiKFiELn, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: on the S. side of Middle cr. of Monocacy r., 6 m. "W. of Gettysburg, and 43 m. S. "W. Ilarrisburg. Fairfield, p. v., Bedford co., Tenti. : 47 m. S. by E. Nashville. Fairfield, p, v., I?ockbridge co., Mrg. : on a branch of South r., 99 ni. W. by N, liichmond. It eonlains about ISO inhabitants. Fairfield, I. and p. v., Franklin county, Venn.: 41 ni. K. X. W. Montpeli^r. Drained by Fairfield r., iJlack cr.. etc., affluents of Mij-sisqui r., and abounding in mill-sites. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and good for tillage, with ex- tensive pasturage. The v. on Fairfield r. contains several mills and factories, and about '2*20 inhabitants. Population of town 2,591. FAiRFrKi.D, p. o., Walworth county, Wue. : 57 m. S. E. Madison. Fairfield, p. v., Hyde county, K. Car. : 153 m. E. Baleigh. FajIifield,^. v., Benton co., 3fo. : on the left bank of Pomme de Tcrre r., a branch of the Osage, 73 ni. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Faiefield Corners, p, o., Somerset co.. Me. : on the "U'. bank of Kennebec r., 2S m. N. by E. Augusta. Fair Forest, p. o., Desha co., .^1/7.-. .• at the head of Abeel's cr., 73 m. S. E. Little Eock. Fair Garden, p. o., Sevier county. Te7in. : 179 m. E. Nasliville. Fair Grove, p. o., Davidson co., iV". Cur. : 6S ra. W. Baleigh. Fair Haven, p. v., Xew Ilaveu co., Coii?}.: on both sides of Quinniijiac r.. and 37 m. S. by "W. Hartford. A bridge unites the two parts of the v. ; also the viaduct of the New Haven and New London B. R., which passes through tlie place 2 m. E. New Haven. It contains about 1.000 inhabitants, numbers of whom depend on the oyster trade and coast fishing for subsistence. A large portion of the oysters sold in New York are from Fair Haven. Fair Ha\t.;s, Land p. v., Bristol co., Mass.i 51 ni. S. Boston, and immediately E. of New Bedford, from which it is separated by Acushnet r., over which is a bridge 3,060 feet in length. The v. contains several cliurches. a I>ank, etc., and has considerable shipping, chiefly engaged in the whale fisheries. In 1S50, 9,491 bis. sperm, and 14,145 Ids. whale oil were brought into port by 13 ships. The Acushnet affords good water-i)Owcr, and numerous mills and facto- ries are located on its banks. Pop. of town 4.3i)4. Fair Haven, p. v., Preble co., Ohio: on an affluent of Miami r., 9S m. AV. by S. Columbus. There are numerous mills in the vicinity, and the village contiuns about 45 dwellings and 250 inhabitanla. The Four Mile Valley R. E. iutersccts the place. Fair Haven. L ami p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : 57 m. B.W. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Castleton and Pultney rivers, which unite on the S. border of the town, and about 13 m. before entering East Bay of Lake Champlain. On Castleton r. are falls which prcluce a fine water-power, "nrface diveraifled ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Bom- 14 bazine Lake makes the E. boundarj- of the town. The v. on the N. side of Castleton r. is intersected by the Saratoga and "Washington B. B., S m. E. of WhitehaU. Pop. oft. yo2. Fair Havf„n, p. v., Carroll co.. ///..■ 152 m. N. by W. Springfield. H is located on a fine elevated site at tho sources of Little Eock river. Fair Hill, p. o., Cecil co., Md, : on the W. aide of Big Elk r., 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. Fair Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Virg. : 284 m. N. W. Richmond. Fair Land, p. o., Livingston co., Sfo. : 116 m. N. W. Jefferaon City. Fairlee, t, and p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : 33 m. 8. E. Montpelier. Drained chiefly by Fairlee Pond, the outlet of which empties into the Connecticut r., which forms its E. boundary. Surface mountainous, and the land rough and below the average fertility. Timbered chiefly with pine and hemlock. The v. lies on the Connecticut, and is inter- sected by the Connecticut and Passuinsic River li. K., 2*2 m. above 'Wliiti- River .luiu-lion. A bridge across the river con- nects it Willi the town of Oxford. Pop. 575. Faiumont. p. v., and cap. Marion co., Virg. : on the JMonungahela r., 194 m. N. W. Richmond. It ia a thriving Tillage, with considerable trade, and located at the point where the Baltimore and Ohio \i. R. crosses the Mononga- hfla. Pup. about 660. The '* Democratic Banner," a weekly newspaper, is published here. Fair Mount, p. v., Onondaga co., K. T.: immediately W. of the ^■illage of Geddes,on a stream emptying into Nina Mile cr. near its mouth, 124 m. W. by N. Albany. The Rochester and Syracuse R. R. passes a little N. of the villago. Fair Mount, p. o., Hunterdon co., X. Jer. Fair Mount, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 66 m. "W. by N, Columbus. Fair Mocnt. p. o., Casa county, Ga. : 126 m. N. "W. Milledgeville. Fair Mount Si-rings, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 77 m. N.N. E. Ilarrisburg. Fair Play, p. o.. Hot Springs co., Ark. : 37 m. S. W. Little Rock. Fair Plat, p. o., Morgan county, Ga. : 46 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. Fair Plat, p. v., Greene co., hid, : on the W. bank of the W. fork of White r., 64 ra. S. \V. Indianapolis, and on the line of the "Wabash and Erie Canal. It contains about 40 dwellings, and has a thickly-settled neighborhood. Fair Plat, p. o., Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. S.W. Madison. Fair Plat, p. o., Benton county, AUi, : 97 m. N. E. Monlgomerj". Fair Plat, p. o., Panola county, T'ftp. ; 24S m. N. E. Austin City. F.UR Point, p. o,. Cooper county. Mo. : 47 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Fairport, p. v., Muscatine co., /(/. .• on the right bank of the Mississippi r., 7 m. E. by N. of Muscatine, and 40 m, E. by S. Iowa City. Fairport, p. v., Chemung co., N. Y. : on the Chemung Canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 m. N. Elmira, and 158 m.W. S. "W. Albany. It contains several large warehouses, numerous stores and mechanics' shops, and 600 inhabitants. Faikport, p. o., Lake CO., Ohio: on tiie E. side of Grand r., at its confluence with Lake Erie, 14S m. N. E. Columbus, It has a good harbor for lake craft, and is connected by a railroay the Cleveland, Paincs- ville, and Ashtabula II. K. It is aeeessil>le to lake crail, and tias some trade. The town has numerous mills, and 1,713 inhabitants. Fairview, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 79 m. N. "W. Columbia. Fairview, p. v, Marion county, Tenn, : 9S m. S. E. Uashville. Fairview, p. v., Hancock co., Virg. : 2G4 m. N. "W Richmond. Fairview Village, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrlsburg. FAiR\aLLE, p. v., 'Wayne co., y. T. : 173 m. Tf. by N. Albany. Pop. 240. Fairville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 78 m. W. by S. Harrisburg Fa.!" >H .vrER, p. o., Fond du Lac Co., WIjsc. : on the W. euge oi the co., 52 m. N. N. E. Madison. FAiRWEATHEii, p. o., Adoms CO., lU. : 79 m. "W. by N. Springfield. Faisos's DepAt, p. o., Dnplin co., X. Car. : on the line ofthe "Wilmington and Weldon R. R., 64 m. from "Wilming- ton, and 93 m. from AVeldon— 51 m. S. E. Raleigh. Falkland, p. v., Pitt co., A'! Oir.: on a small affluent oTTar r., 66 m. E. Raleigh. FALLAssBur.GH, p. V., Kent co., JtHcTi. : 5S3 m. "W. N. "W. Lansing. Fall CREmc, p. o.. Marlon county, Tn/h : on Uie cr. so called, X. by E. of Indianapolis. Fall creek, N. Y. : rises in Cajiiga co., and flows through a part of Tompkins co. into the hcacl of Cayuga Lake, near Ihe v. of Ithaca. This is a valuable and romantic stream, Uiere being picturesque fulls alTording fine water-power. Fall crock, Jnfh: rises in llcnry co., and mns S. "fl'. through Madison. U:miiUon. and Ili-nry counties, 75 m., into 'V\'hite r. above Indlanajiolis. It is one of the best mill- alrearas of the State. It is the Indian •' Soo-sooc-pa-ha-loe," or SpilUioiiter., so called from its falls near Pendleton, where It descends 25 feet in a mite, and at one place falls about 9 feet. Many of its water privileges are very valuable. Fallen Timber, p. o., Cambria co.. Pom. Falling Bridge, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : on Falling cr. of Roanoke r., S4 ra. "W. S. W. Richmond. Falling Creek, p. o., VTayne co., iV. Car.: on a cr. of Neuso r. so called, 49 nu S. E. Raleigh. Falling Mill, p. o., Moore co.. N. Car.: t^ m, S, "W. Baleigh. Falling Spuing, p. o., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. : 15G m. "W. Elchmond. 210 Falling Spring, p. o., Clark co., Miss.: S7 m. E. by S. Jackson. Falling Water, p. o., "While co., Tenn-. : 66 m. E. by 3. Nashville. Falling Waters, p. c, Berkeley co., Virg, : ^ the &• bank of the Potomac r., 141 m. N.N. "W. Richmond. Fall River, p. o., Columbia co., Wise. : on Fall r., a tribntary of Rock r., 33 m. N. E. Madison. Fall Rivep« t.. p. v.. and port of entr>'. Bristol co., Mass. ; 46 m. S. Boston. Drained by streams falling into TauntOQ r. and Mount Hope Bay, a branch of Narraganset Bay, Surface elevated, rough, and uneven. The t. takes its name from Fall r., the outlet of Watuppa Pond, al the union of which with Taunton r. the great inanufactunng village of Fall River is located. Tliis t. is without a parallel on the American Continent in regard to its combined facilities for navigation and hydraulic power. Fall r. rises 2 m. E. of the V. in Watuppa Pond, which is 11 m. long and 1 m. broad, originating in perennial springs. The descent of the r. to Taunton r. is 156 f«„-et, and the volume of water con- stant and of snfficient power for the largest manufactures. The harbor on Tauuton r. is safe and easy of access, and of depth sLifHcienl for the largest ships. It is one of the great iianufacturing centres of the State, and has extensive cotton mills, woolen factories, print-works, bleacberies, boot and shoe factories, foundries, etc., etc. ; it has also several banks and insurance ofifloes. In 1319-50, the foreign entrances were 7S vessels (12,739 tons) ; and clearances, 37 vessels (5,479 lonsV It has also a large coasting trade, and is en- gaged In the whale and other fisheries. The tonnage owned in the district in 1S5'} was 18,102 tf>ns, of which 2,251 tons were registered, 10,74S enrolled and licensed, and 108 li- censed (under 20 tons). In the whale fisheries there were 92Stons employed, in coasting, 10,7i)l tons, and in the cod fishery, 47 tons ; and the shipping propeBed by steam amounted to 4,734 tons ; and 1 ship, 3 schooners, and 1 steamer (in the aggregate 1,254 tons), were built in the year next preceding. The port is connected with New York by a regular steam line, and with Boston by the Fall River R. R., etc. T^vo newsp,apers, the "Weekly News" (dem.), and the '• F. R. Monitor," arc issued weekly, circulating 700 toSOO copies each. Pop, in 1820,1,594; in 3330,4,159; la 1S40, C.73S; and in 1S5;J, 11,522. Fall River, p. o., Marshall co., Ala.: on an affluent of Tennessee r. so called, 1-33 ra. N. Montgomer)-. Falls county, Tex. Situate centrally on the Upper Bra- zos r.. and contains about 940 sq. ra. Erected since 1S50, Falls, p. o., Lincoln county, JV. Car. : 183 m. W, by S. Raleigh. Falls, t. and p. o., "Wyoming co., Penn. : 9S m. N. N. E, Ilarrisburg. Drained by Buttermilk Falls cr. of Susque- nanna r., the latter of which makes the V,'. border of the k Surface hilly ; soil productive in grain, grass, etc., and there is abundance of timber. The cr. h.as here a perpendicular fall of 30 feet, and affords immense hydraulic power FALT^snrRGii, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., y. Y. : 79 m. S.W. Albany. Drained by Neversink r. and the bead branches of Rondout cr. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loara, fertile^ and well adapted for grain and grass. The v. is located on Neversink r., which here furnishes a fine water-power. It contains several mills, stores, etc.. and about 200 inhab- itimts; and in the L there are numerous others. Pop. of town 2,626. Fali.sbl'egu, t and p. o., Licking county, Ohio: 43 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Muskingum r , which aflbrds great water-power. Surface diversified ; soil rich and fertile, producing fine wheat, etc. Pop. 1,20& Falls Cuitecii, p. o., Fairfax county, M-rg. : 134 m. N. Richmond. Fallsington, p. o., Bucks eo., Penn. Falls of Hlane, p. o., Lawrence co., Ki/. : at the falls on Blane r., an affluent of Big Sandy r., 1-42 m. E. by S. t'rankforL FAL Fai.1^ op liorGH, p. 0., Grayson co., K,j. ■ at th.- falls of EoujU or., an affluent ofGreen r.. !ir m.W. S. W. Frankfort, Fali^ or St. Cf.oix, p. o., St. Croix co., Whc, : on St Crow r.. 22S m. N. W. Madison. Fal,^ of ScDvVLiaLL, p. o., rhiladelphla CO., Penn.: 91 m. h. Ilarnsburg. Faluston, p. v., Hartford countv, IM. ■ 40 m N N V Annapolis. ' • • ^^. r.. KA..L8TON, t and p. o., Eoaver Co.. Penv. : 194 m.W. by N. Ilarrrsburj. Situate on the W. bank of Big ISeavor r which to*f '°°^ '-"^^-Po-er. 1. Las severl n,iUs a^d fac- ,, f"!f, ■^"•'■*<=>'- P- v., Litchfield CO., C • Falmouth, p. v., and cap. Pendleton CO., Xy. .- on the eft bank of Licking r., which is Joined by a n,a1n br"n IZ ■ , " '=™""''" " »■'"->■"«- nnd other co bu.ld.ngs several store.,, and about 4<10 inhabitanls. It h.-« considerable river traffic. Falmoutii t. and p. o., Cumberland oo., Jfe. ; c m. N 6cut r, ,ls N. K. sh<,rc resting on Caseo Bay. Surface level • sou generally fertile. It h.ns a considerable amonntof ship^ png employed in coasting and the flsheries. The .\tlanlic and St. Lawrence K. E., and the Portland and Kennebec It. K. pass thnnigh the town. Pop " ]C4 FALVorTU, p. v., Fayette counl'y, M..- 46 m. E. by S Indianapolis. -^ FAiMoTTn, t. and p. o., Eamslable co., .v™.s. .• 61 m 8. by E Boston. It is situated on the S. W. corner of Cap<; tod between Buzzard's Bay and Vineyar.l Sound. Surla^ "el: sod hght, but generally fertile. It has several p od iKir hors. Of Which Wood', Hole, in the S. W., is ti^; t' and has from 9 to C fathom, of ^-ater. It has considerable The et;'""'""'" '■" "" ™-''"S trade and the fisl c ie There are numerous salt ponds, and the salt works of the power. On these are several mills and factories- but the great interest Of the t. ison the seas. Tho v S are, bnguished by iheir localities in North and S and jt; Falmouth, etc. Pop. of the t. 2,.M9. ' ."lu j.ast FALvoi-Tn, p. v.. Lancaster co., /•«, „. .■ on the F Innk of Susquehanna r.. where it receive Conewag.a cr,' ud o" nTr^'^rJf """r" -^ ""= I-^-'y'vania c™ F^',,;o^;"""- " '™'-'""'' ='''™' 20" inhabitant.,. fells of li.nppahannock r., .14 m. N. Biehmon.l. It li,-, nearly a Bridge. It h.-is a large number of flourin" and other mills, ™,ous mechanic shops and s.rcs, and l^'^ Fam^ n'Tr^' ?"• '""■ ^-' •■ => '^ib. of Bed rher. Faxcv bJ-p? n V;' ^'^'- ■■ ^' "• N- N- K- •T.'^ckson, F^J'""' "■ "■• ^™^- "•• ^- =« n. W. S. W. mcZ7nt"'^' "• "■' '"'•"'"' ">•• "'•"'■■ "8 .n..V. byS. EaWg" ""-"^ ^ "■' ''"*" """>'^' ^- «"■••• 129 nt. W. Mine'i;^?^'."' "• "■■ "''™' ~""*' '^'^ •• "« - «■ ^■ pi.™:,;;"'"' "• "•' ^"^''"""°- ~- "'•^' •■ 122 m.W. by N. bank of?!^""':"' "• "■' ^'••™'-'"" ">■' ^""'■■- nn the W uank orconecocheague r .')7 m W i,v a tt ■ , -0 iron ore, are ^^n.^l^l^'^l^^^^^^'- C^ FAR Thel^? r T t ■""•■"' ^'- """ ^-'^^^ 960 sq. m. Jiois d ..\rc r. and other streams, drain the northern and o7k" z::""'" 'T'- '""' '■ ""■ '' «"'-'' •' ■ "n! the E. fork ol Tnnity r. Surface level or undulating, except along the Red r., the magins of which are traversed by ranges of low hills or bluffs. Dense forests overshadow the southern portion of the co. ; the remainder, with the ex- ception of the woody fringes of the streams, is open prairie, nf which llie soil is generally a deep black adhesive mold and very fertile. Iron ore Is abundant. Farms 831 • manuf. 2: dwell. ,14S. an.l pop.-wh. 8,200, fr. col. 0. sL 52.S —total 8,1 SS. <"«;»■(■„«.• Bonham. Faiilkv, p. v., Culpepper CO., Virff. .- rs m. N. N. W l.ichmond. F.urii^ "nel'l " """ °" "'"""" "'' ""^ Mississippi, S3 m. N. W. Fabmer, p. o., Seneca Co., X r. ■ In F.armcrsville a wt'lltau'v""*^" '■"'""" " "• ■*^'- '"'•" '^^5^'S=' 1^'=. !■« '^■ FAKMEjt, t. and p. o.. Defl.-ince co., Olilo; 132 m N W I Columbu.s. Drained by tributaries of Maumeo r. Surfa«; I diversified >,y hill and .lale; soil a rich loam, producing grain and gr.ass abundantly. Pop. ,^9' *" vil^f'T"'' 'w"-, =*^"'-i«''"'<-"0-> Ga'.: In Farmersville, . I illago ,ss m. W. by P. MUledgeville Frlnkmrf'' ^^ "- '■'''""'"» """"'■ ^'^^ '^ " »' ^ "^ N. Farmeh'r, p. o., Tork co., Pp,,,,, Faiimei., AKr, Mkciiamcs- Mil,^, p. o., Jackson co., a,. : SI m. N. by W. Milledgeville. FARMEli's Branc, P.O., Dallas co., ?;,..• on a branch of Trimly r.. 1 SS m. N. by E. Austin City. FAnHEKSEUEGii, p. V., Claytou county, f„. ■ SJ m N Iowa City. ' • Farmer's Creek, p. o., Lapeer Co., m^k. : on a branch of Flint r. .so called, 03 m. E. by N. Lansin- = f^"™:« «>••""=, p. o.. Southampton c5., Vira.: 07 m Fahmer-s Giu,tt^, p. 0., Greene co., m^c: S3 m S S "n^ FARMEr's Hai.i., p. o.. Knox eounly, m. : about C n. ■W . by s. Knoxvillc. and SI m. X. N. W. Springfield ]• ARMER's Hn.i, p. 0., Duchess CO., J\': i: ° Farmer's Miles, p. o., Putnam co., iV. i: .■ rs m s i,. r I Albany. " ■ . - F-ARMER-s Valeby, p. o., M'Kean co., P„m. .• 147 m A. vv. llarrisburg. Farmeesvilee, p. v., Lowndes co., A!,i. .■ on Ihe Calenvba and Greenville Turnpike, 8S m. S. W. Montgomen- F.^RMER.s^-,LEE, p. v., and cap. Union par., Za'.: on tV N. si.le of Bayou d'Arbonne, 173 m. N. W. Baton Itou.^ It contains a court-house, jail, and about 200 inhabilont," ' Farmersvule, p. v., Posey co., /«,/. .• about 3 m N of Mount Vernon, and 1.51 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Farmeesville, L and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., K V ■ "29 m. W. by S. Albany. Siluato on a watershed dividing uie waters falling into Lake Ontario on the N., into Lake Erie on th.' W., and into Ihe Alleghany r. on the S., the waters of the latter ultimalely falling into the Gulf of Mexico, a'l.l those of the former into Ihe Atlantic Ocean throusrh tli.' St Lawrence r. The v. contains about 200 inhabitants. Pnn of the t. ],5W. ' Farmepj;viei.e, p. v., Caldwell en., iy. .■ ]93m.-W « W Frankfort. ■^' ' Facuerstilee, p. v., Montgomery cnnnty, Ohio ■ 7S m W. by S. Columbus. ' Farmersvieee. p. v.. Dodge Co., H7«-. .• on a branch of Koek r., .•i7 m. N. E. Madison. Farm Hile, p. o., Poin.,ctt county, ,4,*. .• 104 m N F Little P.ock ■ ' ai FAR FAW Fabmingdale, p. v., Queens co., N'. Y. : on the line of the Long Island It. K., 31 m. from New York City, and 13T m. S. by E. Albany. Farminguam, p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : 233 m. W. by N. Alhany. Farminotos, L and p. o., Ilarlford county, Conn. : 9 m. W. by S. Hartford. Drained by Tunxls or Farniington r. Surface hilly and varied ; soil generally fertile, but light and sandy. Round Hill, near the village, rises abruptly to the height of GO feet, and is nearly circular in its form, covering about 12 acres. It is supposed to have been an island in a lake which covered all the present meadows. Farmington village is situate on an elevated plain, surrounded by hills; it lies on one principal street about 3 m. long, beautifully shaded, and contains 2 churches, an academy, and about 130 dwellings. The New Haven and Northampton (Canal) R. R. passes through it 30 m. from New Haven, and at Plainvilie gives off the Oollinsville Braneh 11. II. The Hart- ford. Providence, and Fishkill R. R. crosses the town E. and W. Unionville, Plainvilie, etc., are villages in FarraingloQ. Pop. in t. 2,631. Farmington, p. v., Clark county, Ga. : 49 m. N. by W. Milled geville. Farmington, p. v.. Rush county, Ind.: 3T m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Farmington, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on a branch of Cop- peras cr., 64 m. N. by W. SpringfiLdd. Farmington, p. v., Marion county, Virg. : 206 m. N. W. Richmond. FARiiiNGTON, p. v., Van Buren co,, /((. ; on the E. side of Des Moines r.. opposite the mouth of Indian cr., 71 m. 9. by W. Iowa City. Pop. 5S5. Farmington, p. v., Graves co., A'y. ; 241 m. W. S. "W. Frankfort. FARsnNGTON, L, p. V., and cap. Franklin co.. Me. : 32 ra, N. W. Augusta. Drained by Sandy r., a tributary of the Kennebec. Surface diversified ; soil fertile, and producing gottd wheat and grass. The v. is situate on Sandy r., which affiirds water-power. There are several tanneries, potteries, ete., in the t.. and 2,7'26 inhabitants. The " Chronicle," a weekly newspaper, is published here. Farmington, t, and p. v., Oakland co., Mick. : 64 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by numerous affluents of the N. br.inch of Rouge r. Surface diversified ; soil deep and fer- lik' — well wooded. The v. lies on Power's cr.. on which are numerous flour and saw mills. Pop. oft 1,844. Farmington, p. v., Tishcmingo co., Miss.: 205 m. N. E. Jackson. Farmington, p. v., and cap. St. Francois co.. Mo.: at the head waters of St. Francois r., 114 m. E. S. E. Jefferson Citp. It contains a courl-house, jail, several stores and me- chanic shops, and about 400 inhabitants. It hes on the E. conflncj. of the great mineral region of the State. Farmington, \i. v., Davie co., Ji. i7ar.: on the W. side of Yadkin r., 104 m. W. by N. Richmond. f ARMiNGTON, t. and p. v., Strafford co., y. Ildmp. : 33 m. E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Cooheco r. Surfaee hilly, being traversed by the Blue Hills, or Frost Mountains, from the summit of which ships may be seen with the naked eye off the harbor of Portsmouth. Soils thin, but of average fertility. The principal village is situate at the N. E. side of, and about a ra. distant from the river, on which is the Dock, so named from its having been used as such by the first settlers, who deposited their lumber here to be floated down the stream. Near this village is a remarkable rock, estimated to weigh 60 or SO tons, so exactly poised on other rocks that it is caused to vibrate several inches by manual force. The Cocliceo R. R. traverses the valley of the river through the town, and the Grcrit Falls and Conway U. R. crosses it in the K. Pop. in 1S5), ],fiOD. Farmington, t. an-l p. o.. Ontario co., K. Y. : 1S2 m. W. by N..AIbany. Drained by Mud cr., a mill-stream emptying into Canandaigua outlet. Surfiicc level ; soil, stiff 212 clay, and difficult of cultivation. Large tracts of water- limestone are found here. Pop. 1,857. Farmington, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by liead branches of Grand r. Surface hilly ; soil excellent for grass, etc. Pop. 1,283. Farmington, p. v., Fayette co., Pe/tn.: 159 ra. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Farmington, p. v., Marshall county, Te7m.: 47 m. S. Nashville. Farmington, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 23 m. E. Madison. Drained by Johnson's cr., a tributary of Roek r. Surface varied and well timbered ; soils rich and pro- ductive. Pop. 736. Farmington, p. v., Ritchie co,, Virg. : 223 m. "W. N. W, Richmond. Farmington Falls, p. v., Franklin county, 3fe. : on Ihe N. side of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, opposite the mouth of Little Norridgewock r., 26 m. N. "W. Augusta. Farm Ridge, p. o.. La Salle co., HL : about 2 ra. N. E, Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 91 m. N. E. Springfield. Faumville, p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the S. side of Appomattox r., and on the line of the South Side R. R., 53 m. W. S. V\. Richmond. It cotitains two large tobacco warehouses, several extensive tobacco factories, various mechanic shops, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Boat3 navigate the river at all seasons to Petersburg, its natural port, and with which, and also with Richmond, it is now connected by railroad. The " Republican'' (whig;, a weekly newspaper, is published here. Farnham, p. v., Richmond county, Virg. : 53 m. N. E. Richmond. Farnums\tllk, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on the Provi- dence and Worcester R. R., 37 ra. W. S. W. Boston. Farrandsville, p. v., Clinton co., Pemi. : on the N. side of the West Branch of Susquehanna r., 74 m. N. W. Har- risburg. Farrell Place, p. v., Clinton county, X. Y. : 137 m. N. Albany. Farrionville, p. v., Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. Montgomery. Far liocKAWAr, v., Queene co., K Y.: & fine summer retreat on the S. side of Long Island. The v. is located on a peninsula, between Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic, and contains a church and about 40 dwellings. One m. V,'. are the Marine Pavilion and Rock Hall, splendid boarding houses, which are resorted to by visitors seeking the benefit of a summer-marine residence. Farrowsvillk, p, v., Fauquier county, Vi/'ff. : 93 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Far Wist, p. o.. Johnson co., Iiirf. ; on the E. side of the West Fork of White r., 14 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Faui'ett's Store, p. o., Orange co., X. Car. .-51 m. N.W. Raleigh. Faussb Point, p. o., St. Martin's par.. La. : 42 m. S. by W. Baton Rouge. Fausse Rivierk : a lake below Point Coupee, Louisiana, formerly the bed of the Mississippi, ami until 1S14 \\a prin- cipal channel. It is now filled up at both ends so as to bo sliut off from the new channel, and forms an extensive lake in the form of a horse-shoe. The banks are very fertile, and covered willi fine farms. Fauquieii county, Virg. Situate N. E.. and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the branches of Rappahannock and Occoquan rivers. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; soil niotlerately productive. This is one of the best grain counties of the Slate, and has also large numbers of live- stock. Farms SSO; manuf 62; dwell. 1,S39, and pop.— wh. 9.875. fr. col. &W si. 10.350— total 20,S6S. C(tpit*/i.- Fayette. Fatette county, (?,/. Situate centrally, and contains 280 Bq. m. Drained by the he.-id tributaries of Flint r., which r. has its rise in the hills in the N. part of this co. In the s! the surface is level, but occTsionally diversified. Sod rich and productive. Cotton, Indian corn, wheal, etc.. are the principal staples. Farms 81S : manuf. 6 ; dwell. 1,1!)C, and pop.— wh. f,,-4(l, fr. col. 4, si. 1,905-tolal 8,709. Cttjnlal : Fayetteville, l;ddia Worte: Macon and Western l:. E. ; La Grange 11. K,, etc. Fateite county, III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 648 sq. m. Di-ained by aDluents of Kaskaskia r., which nins through it, on which r. the lands are subject to inun- dation, and frequently retain the waters in the hollows. Surface generally level, being prairie and woodlan.l inter- mixed: around Vandalia it is undulating. Farms 8'.'C ; nianuf. 4; dwell. 1,431, and pop.— wh. 8,027, fr. col. 48— total 8,075. Capital: \s.nd:\na. Public irocfe; Illinois Central K. U. ; Mississippi and Atlantic K. E., etc, Fatetie county, InJ. Situate E. middle, and contains 210 sq. m. Drained principally by W. fork of White Water r., which flows from N. to S. Uirough the co. Surfiice roll- Ing or level, with e.\tensive bottoms densely limbered. Soil everywhere fertile. Pork, beef, and flour are the chief staples. Farms 95G ; manuf. 116 ; dwell. 1,818, and pop — wh. 1(1.14.',, (r. col. 7'2-lolal 10,217. aipiua ; ConnersviUe riMic Wm-l.-.i: White Water Canal ; Junction E. I;., ete. FAYErrE county, la. Situate N. E.. and c.ntai'ns 720 sq. ni. Drained in the N. and middle by Turkey r. and its trjbutarics, and in the S. by the head branches of Wapsi- pimcon r. Surface level prairie, iule'rmi.ved with wno.c. Situate S, centrally, and contains 1,160 sq. m. Drained chielly by Colorado r. and its tributa- ries—in the S. and S. W. by the head branches of Navidad r. and Peach cr.tlie latter an affluent of Guadalupe r. Sur- face remarkably diversifled- in the E. undulating, in the middle hilly, alternating with broad plains, and in the W. level, hielining to the S. W. The prairies of this co. are not extensive, but are interspersed with islets of timber, and alternate with the forests of the numerous streams. Soil, a rich sandy loam, from 10 to 20 feet deep, and resting on a stratum of sand-stone. Gypsum, lignite, etc., are found in abundance. Farms 209; manuf 6 ; dwell. 494, and pop.- wh. 2,740, fr. col. 0, si. 1,016— total 3,756. Capital: La Grange. Fayette county, Teiw. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Loosahatchee and Wolf rivers and their affluents. Surface undulating, and consisting chiefly of prairie, but with extensive woodlands. Soils well adapted for general agriculture, producing wheat, Indian corn, oats, etc., abun.lanlly, cotton, and some tobacco. Large num- bers of live-stock are also owned in the co. Farms 1,172 ; manuf 29; dwell. 1,951, and pop.-wh. 11,420. fr. col ss' si. 1,5,204-total 20,719. Capital: Somerville. Public Wori:s: Memidiis and Cliarleslon E. E., with a branch to Somerville. FAYErrE county, Vir-ff. Situate W., and contains 920 sq. m. Drained by New r., a main co.istituenl, and other tribuUiries of Great Kanawha r. Clear and Marsh Forks of Cool r. also rise in lids co. Surface mountainous ; soU sandy loam. On New r., 2 m. from Fayetteville, is Long Point, which projects into the stream ; its toji consists of a flat rock of 2 acres in extent, and elevated 1,500 feet above the level (.f the water ; and 6 m. from the v. is Hawk's Nest, or Marshall's Pillar, a naked, perpendicular rock, 1,100 feet high. There are several interesting remains of ancient forliflcations in the vicinity. The agricultural staples are Uie grains and animal products, the hills being line pasture lands. Farms 4'2S; manuf. 7; dwell. 69-3, and pop.-wh. 3.7-2, fr. col. 17, si. 150— total 3,955. Capitm, Sipsey r., an affluent of the Toniliigbee. 123 m, N. W. Montgomery. It contains a court- house, jail, and about SO dwellings. Fayette, p. v., Greene CO., Ill: 43 m. S. W. Springfield. Fayeite, t. and p. o., Kennebec co., J/e. ; IS ni.W. N.W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r.. and in the E. Uicre are several large and beautiful (.onds which empty into the Kennebec r. Surface rolling ; soil adapted alike for grain and grass. The v. lies near the centre. Pop. 1,085. Fayette, p. v., and cap. .Jefferson co., Mist. : S. of Coles cr., of the Mississippi, 67 m. S. W. .Jackson. Pop. 460. FAVmTK, p. v., and cap. Howard co., 3/o.: on the W. side of Eonne Femnie cr., an affluent of Mi[*souri r., 49 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, co. jail, etc., and is the scat of a United Slates' land oflSce, and of Fayette College, which in 1850 had 2 professors and 75 stu- dents. Pop. about 800. A newspaper, the " Missouri Dem- ocrat," is issued weekly. Fayette, t. and p. v., Seneca county, A'! y. : 187 m. W. Albany. Seneca Lake makes its W., and Cayuga Lake its E. boundaries; and several tributaries of Seneca r., which flows on its N. border, drain the interior, and afford water- power. Gypsum and limestone abound. The t. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and 3 784 inhabitants. 21S FAY FEN Fatette, t. and p. o., Alleghany co,, Penn.: 177 m, W. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Charlier's er. Surface hilly ; soil a rich loam ; coal and iron are abundant. The town has several mills. Fayette, p. v., La Fayetlo county, Wise: 49 in. S. W. Madison. Favettk CoE?fqp, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : in tho N. E. comer of the co., 129 m. "W. 8. W. Nashville. Fayette Spuings, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 167 m. "W. S. W. Harrisburg. Fatetteville, p. v., Talladega co., Ala. : on the E. side fif Coosa r., 49 ni. N. Montgoniery. It is a thriving v., and has a considerable river trade and about 600 inhabitants. Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Washington co., Ark. : on the left bank of White r., UG ni. W. N. W. Little Itock, It contains a court-house, etc., a United States' land office, and several stores. Pop. 69S. FAYErrFVTLLE, p. V., and cap. Fayette co., Ga. : on a branch of Flint r., 7S m. W. N. W. Milledgevitle. It con- tains a court-house and other co. buildings, about 70 dwell- ings, and 300 inhabitants. Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Cumberland co., N. Car. : on the W. side of, aud 1 in. fmm, Cape Fear r., and at tho head of uninterrupted boat navigation, 49 m. S. Ealeigh, Lat. 35<^ 03' N., antl long. 79° 58' W. It is one of the large towns of the State, is regularly laid out with streets 100 feet wide, and has a court-house and other co. buildings, three banks, and a United States' arsenal of construction. Its trade in flour, tobacco, and naval stores, is considerable. Three newspapers, tlie '• Nt>rth Carolinian" (dem.), the " F. Observer" (whig), and the " Communicator'' (temperance), are published weekly, and have respectable circulations. Its manufactures are extensive, consisting of cotton mills, and flour, grist, saw. and oil mills, etc. Pop. in 1S20, 3,532 ; in 1830, 2,SG8 ; in 1840, 4,^;!S5; and in 1S50,4,64S. Fayettetille, p. v., Onondaga co., N'. Y. : on both sides of Limestone cr., a branch of Butternut cr. of the Chitte- nango, the last of which falls into Oneida Lake, distant 112 m. W. Albany. The Erie Canal passes a little N. of the Tillage. It Is a place of considerable trade, and has about 600 inhabitants. Fayetteville, p. v.. Brown co., OJdo: on the E. fork of Little Miami r., 72 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 818. Fayetteville, p. v., Franklin co., Peyiii. : on the Gettys- burg and Chambersburg Turnpike, 46 m.y.W. Harrisburg. Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., Tenn. : on tlie N. bank of Elk r., an affluent of Tennessee r., 69 m.S. by E. Nashville. It contains a court-house, several stores, and about 300 inhabitants, and has a newspaper, the "Lincoln Journal" (dem.), issued weekly. Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. Fayette co,, Yirg.: about 2 m. W. of New r., 203 m. W. "by N. Ilichniond. It con- tains a court-house, several stores, aud about 300 inhab- itants. Fayetteville, p. v., St, Clair co., III. : on tho W. side of Kaskaskia r., 9S m. 9. Springfield. Fayeti'eville, p. v., Fayette county, Tex.: 56 m. S. E. Austin City. Fayetteville, p. v., and cap. "Windham co., Va^m.: on tlie W. side of West r. of the Connecticut, 91 m. S. Montpe- lier. It contains a court-house, jail, several mills and mechanic sliops, and about 800 inhabitants. Fayetteville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind. : 63 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Fayville. p. v., Kane co., III. : on the W. side of Fox r., B ra. below Elgin, 162 m. N. E. Springfield. FnAr.isG, t. and p. o.,Wasbinglon co., OMo : 83 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Duck r., which aflbrds water-power ; and the Muskingum r. makes a part of the W. boundary. Surface hilly and broken ; soil moderately fertile, and ex- cellent for grazing. Feaen's Springs, p. o., Winslow co., 2[i»s. : 94 m. N. E. Jackson. The " F. Democrat'' is published weekly. 211 Feasterville, p. v., Bucks county, Ftinn. : 97 m. E. Harrisburg. Feastep.\tlle, p. v Fairfield district, S. Car. : 33 m. N. Columbia. Featiiee river, Calif. : an affluent of the Sacramento. l-'EDEp.ALSituRGii, p. V., Caroline co., Md. : on the E. side of Marshy Hope cr., near the county line, 46 m. E. S. E. Annapolis. Fedebal Stoke, p. o., Duchess co., jV; }' ; 59 m. S. by E. Albany. Federaltox, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: at the confluence of Federal cr. with Hocking r., 74 m. S. E. Columbus. Feeding Hills, p. o., Hampden county, J/a.*s. ; 63 m. W. by S. Boston. Feed Spelsg, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 107 m. E. by N. CoUmibus. Fee Fee. p. o., St. Louis co.. Mo. : 97 m. E. Jefferson Cit)-. Situate about 3 m. S. of Missouri river. FEEinuRGu, p. v., Brown county, Ohio : 87 m. S. W. Columbus. FELcnviLLEj p. T., Wlndsof CO., Verni. : 59 m. S. by E. Montpelicr. Feliciana parish, East, La. Situate in the N.W. of tho Eastern District, and contains 560 sq. m. Drained by the upper branches of Arait6 r., and divided from West Felic- iana by Thompson's cr. of the Mississippi. Surface elevated, inclining to the S., aud somewhat rough. Soils eminently productive. Cotton is the great stajile. Farms 361 ; manuf. 49; dwell. 712, and pop— wh. 4,001, fr. cA. 23. si. 9,514^ total 13,598. Capital: Jackson. Public Works: Clinton and Port Hudson K. K. Feliciana parish. West, la. Situate N. W. of the Eastern District, and contains 380 sq. m. The Mississippi r. makes its W. boundary, and Thompson's cr. demarks its E. line. Drained by Bayou Sara and numerous small bayoux and creeks falling into the Mississippi. Surface broken ; soils rich and fertile. Cotton is the staple crop. Farms 234 ; maiuif. 147 : dwell. 599, and pop.— wh. 2,473. fr. col. 106, si. 10.666— total 13,245. Capital : St. Francisville. Ptibiio Work's : West Feliciana 11. II. Feliciana, p. v., Graves co., Ki/.: on the S. branch of Desh^ r., 2513 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Felicity, p. v., Clermont co., OMo: about 8^ m. ft-om OJiio r.. 92 m. S.W. Columbus. It contains several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. The country . around is under the highest slate of cultivation. Felix, p. o., Morgan co., Mo,: on the Booneville and Versailles Turnpike, 41 m. W. by S. JelTerson City. Fellowsrip, p. o., Burlington co., N. Jer. Fellows^lle, p. v., Preston co., Virg.: 181 m. N. W. Kichmond. Feltonsville, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: on a branch of Concord r., 27 m. W. Boston. It is a considerable manu- facturing village, and the terminus of the Lancaster and Sterling Branch R. li., 9 m. from South Acton, and 34 from Boston by the Fltchburg K. K. Felt's Mills, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y. : 136 m. X. W. Albany. Feltville, p. v., Essex county, iV. Jef: : 46 m. N. E. Trenton. Fem-me Osage, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo. : 67 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Fenner, t. and p. o., Madison co., i^ Y. : 104 m.W. by N. Albany. Pop. 1.690. Fennersville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 97 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Fennimore, t. and p. c, Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. W. Madison. Drained by Blue r., Trout cr., and other streams flowing N. into Wisconsin r. It is a large tract of fins prairie and woodland intermixed, with an abundance of water-power. Pop. 654. Fenn's Bridge, Jefferson co., Ga.: on a branch of Ogee chee r., 8S m. E. Milledgeville. FEN FIS Feston, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo. : on the S. side of Mara- mec r., 9S m. E. Jeffersou City. Fentonville, p. v., Genesee co., Mich, : on the E. branch of Sliiawaaeee r.,4T m. E. Lansing. Fkktbess county, Tenn. Situate N. middle, and con- tains 420 sq. m. Drained in tlie W. by the forks of Obcy'a river, anfiA, p. v., Telfiair co., Ga.: 106 m. S. Milledgeville. Ferris BrBGH, t, and p. v., Addison co., Ven7i. : 32 m. "W. Monlpelier. Drained by Otter, Little Otter, and Lewis creeks, which atford water-power. Otter cr. is navigable to Vergrnnes. S m. Lake Champlaiu bounds it on the W., and is here about 2 m. wide. Basin Harbor, in this to^^Ti, Is deep and well protected, and is a place of considerable navigation and commercial importance. Large quantities offish are taken annually from the lake and cured for mar- ket. The t. baa some manufacturi's, and its agricultural products are large and valuable. The principal v. lies in the central part of the t, and Uiere is a small v. at Ferris- burgh J^lalion, on the Rutland and Burlington K. P. 3,')7.'i. Fi-SSENDEN MiLis, p. o., liockingliam co., K. Hawp. Fetuerolffsville, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 67 m. E. by N Harrisburg. I'lATT, p. v., Fulton CO., lU. : 79 m. N. "W. Springfield. Fiddle Poxd, p. o., Eamwell dist., S. Car. : 72 m. S. W. Columbia. FiDKUTT, p. v., Miami count\-, Ohio: 69 m. W, by N. Columbus. Fife, p. v., Jersey co., ///. ; 59 m. S. "W. Springfield. Fife's, p. o., Goochland co., Yirg. : at the Cross Koads, N. of James r., 33 m. W. by N. Kicbraond. Fion-riNG island, Mich.: one of the largest islands in Detroit Strait, midway between lakes Erie and Huron, and below the confluence of the Kouge. It contains about S sq. m. Fillmore, p.o., Dubuque co., la.: 73 m. N. E. Iowa City. Fillmore, p. o., Alleghany co., K. Y. : 214 m. W. S. "W'. Albany. FiLLMOEK, p. T., Porter county, Ind. : 131 m. N. "U'. Indianapolis. Fillmore, p. o., "Wasliington co., Ohio : 84 m. E. S. E. Columbus. FiLiJioRE, p. 0., Montgomery co., III. : on a head branch of Hurricane cr. of Kaskaskia r.,51 m. S. by E. Springfield. Fillmore, p. v., I'utnam co., Ind. : at the head of Deer cr. of Eel r., 32 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. Fillmore, p. o., Daviess county, JCi/. : 134 m. W. by S. Frankfort. I Fillmoee, p. 0., "Washington co., Wi^c: 63 m. E. N. E. I Madison. Fillmoee, p. o., Ilandolph county, Virg.: 169 m. N. Vi. Eicbmond. Fii.LMorE, p. o., Monmouth co., ..V; Jer. : 29 ra. E. Trenton. Fillmore, p. v., Cleveland co., Ji. Car.: 15S ni.W. by S. Ealoigh. Fillmore, p. o., Andrew county. Mo. : 177 m. W. N. W. JefTersfin City. Fillmore, p. o., Centre county. Penn.: 72 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Fillmore City. p. o.. and cap. Millard co., Utah Ter.^ and capital of the Territory. Fillmoee, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 104 m. E. by & Nashville. FiNCASTtE, p. v.. Crown county, Ohio : 73 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 14.\ FiNOASTLE, p. v., Campbell co., Tenn.: 159 m. E. by N* Nashville. Fi.NCAsTLE, p. v., Putnam co., Ind.: 42 m. "W. by i Indianapolis. FiNCASTLE, p. v., and cap. Botetourt co., Virff. : in the Valley of Cahawba cr., an affluent of James r., 137 m. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house and other co. builds ings, four churches, various mills and mechanic shops, imj about 800 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the " F. Demi>- erat," and the "Valley Whig," are published weekly. FI^■cu^^LLE, p. v., Orange co., X K ; S9 ra. S. by W. Albany. Fine Forks, p. o., Person co., iV. Car.: 61 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Fine's Creek, p. o., Haywood co., I^. Car. : on a cr. of Big Pidgeon so called, 24S ra. W. Kaleigh. Big Pidgeoa is an aflbient of French Broad, and Tennessee rivers. F^NGEp_s^^LLE, p. v., Spartuuburgh dist., S. Car.: 76 n^ N. W. Columbia. FiNKsr.uEou, p. v., Carroll co., Md.: on the W. side of the N. branch of Palapsco r., 4S ra. N. N. AV. Annapolis. FiNLEY. t., p. v., and cap. Hancock county, Ohio: 81 m, N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks, afHuenIs of Blunchard's Fork of Auglaize r., which runs E. to W. through it. Surface diversified ; soils of average productiveness. The v. lies on the S. side of Blanchard'a Fort, and contains a court-house, jail, several stores and mechanic shops, and about 1,25S Populat. Three news- papers are published liere, the "Democratic Courier,'* tho " Hnncoek Whig,-' and the "Hancock Journal" (whig), all issued weekly. Tlie Finley Branch li. U. extends hence E. by S., to Carey, on the Mad River and Lake Erie K. IL, IG miles. Pop. of 1 2,034. FiNLEY, p. v., Greene co., Mo. : on a branch of Finley cr., 57 m. P. S. W. Jefferson City. FiNLEYVTLLE, p. V., "Washington co., Penn.: 179 m. W, Harrisburg. Finney Mills, p. o., Amelia co., Yirg.: 88 m. S. W. Eicbmond. Fire islands, K. Y.: are a cluster of small islands in tha Great South Bay of Long Island. Fire-place, p. v., Suffolk co., N. Y.: on the N. of Fir^ place Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, 133 m. 8. E» Albany. Fire-place bay, N. Y.: an indentation of Great South Bay of Long Island. Fire-steel river, Mich. : a stream running into Lake Superior out of tho Ontonagon. It has its source in the Porcupine Mountains of the Upper Peninsula. First Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. Fiskr's Cross Eoajjs, p. o., Eobertson co., Tenn. : 31 m. N. W. Nashville. Fisii Creek, p. o., Steuben co., Ind.: near the S. line of the CO. on Fish er, a tributary of St. Joseph r. of the Ma» race, 136 ni. N. E. Indianapolis. Fisii Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : on Fish cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 22S ra. N. W. Eicbmond. Fish creek, N. Y. : the ouUet of Saratoga Lake, and emptying into llie Hudson r. at Schuylerville, where are located several mills and factories. Fish creek, K. Y. : rises in Lewis co., and empties into Wood's cr. in Oneida co. It is navigable for boats for a few miles from its mouth, and is a good mill-stream, on which are located several factories, etc. FisnDAM, p. v.. Wake co., K. Car. : 22 m. S.W. Kaleigh. FisHDAM, p. v.. Union dist.. S. Car. : on the W. side of Broad r., 61 m. N. W. Columbia. Fisher's, p. o., Catawba county, N. Car. : 143 m. W Eideigh- Slfi FIS FLA FisHERSBtniGn, p. 0., Franklin county, Virg.: 145 m. W. by 8. llichmond. Fisher's island, JV! Y.: lies off the E. end of Long Island, H m. from shore. It is 8 m. long and 1 m. wide. The surface is varied, and soil very productive. FisHEitsviLi.E, p. v., Windham co,, Caun. : on French r., B branch of the Quinnebaiig. 42 ra. E. by N. Hartford. It has considerable manufactures, and the v. is intersected by tie Norwich and Worcester R. II.. 3S m. N. from Norwich. FisHERSviLLE, p. V., Merrimac county, iV^ Ifump. : at the Junction of Contoocook and Merrimac rivers, 7 m. N. N.W. Concord. The Northern E. K. passes through the v. FisHERSViLLK, p. v.. Augusta CO., Virff. : on a small trib- nlary of the S. Branch of I'otomac r., 4 m. E. by S. of Staun- ton, and 91 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. FisiiERviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, A>. ; 51 m. W. Frankfort. FisHERViLLE. p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. Fishing Creek, p. o., Cape May co., JV. Jer. : 76 m. S. Trenton. Fishing cr. is a small strearn about 5 ra. long, emptying into Delaware Bay. Fishing Creek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Peim. : OS m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Fishing cr. of Susque- hanna river. Surface mountainous ; soil, clay and gravel. Pop. 1.114. Fisn House, v., Fulton co., X. Y.: on fiacandaga r., a branch of Hudson r., G7 m. N.W. by N. Albany. It contains several stores, and about 40 dwellings. Sir William Johnson made the settlement at this point for the purpose of fishing and trading with tJie Indians. FiSHKiLL, t. and p. v., Duchess county, N. Y. : 77 m. S. Albany. Drained by Fishkill and Wappinger's creeks of Hudson r. Surface diversified— in the S. mountainous: soil fertile. It has several convenient landine:s on the Hudson. Fishkill v. lies on Fishkill er.,5 m. from Fishkill Landing, and contains about 1,UU0 inhabitants. There are several woolen and cotton factories, and numerous saw, flouring, and grist mills, and a newspaper, the "F. Stand- ard," is issued weekly. Top. 9.243. The Hudson Biver E. R., and the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill R. R. passes through Uiis town. FisiiKii.L Landing, p. v.. Duchess co., 2^^. Y. : at the mouth of Fishkill cr., 79 m. S. Albany, and opposite New- burg, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The creek has tine watcr-]iower, and along its banks are several extensive manufactories, as foundries, mechanic shops, etc. It contains about 1,400 inhabitants. The Hartford, Provi- dence, and Fishkill 11. It. has its W. terminus at this point, and connects, by means of the ferry, with the New York and Erie B. B.. thus furnishing a link in the chain of rail- roads that run from the extremities of New England to and beyond the Mississippi r. and the great lakes. FisnKiLL Plains, p. o., Duchess co., X. Y. : in the town of East Fishkill, 75 m. S. by E. Albany. Fishkill mountains. Duchess county, X. Y. (called, also, Matteawan Mountains): a continuation of the Highlands through which the Hudson r. passes— a range which con- tinnes N., under different names, to the Green Mountains of Vermont. Fishkill (or Matt^awan) creek, Duchess county, K Y. : rises in the centre of the co., and passing by the manufac- turing villages of Glenheim, Matt^awan, Fishkill, etc., empties into the Hudson r. Fisn Pond, p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala. : 54' m. N. E. Montgomery. Fish Port, p. o.. Rock Island co., III. : on Rock r., 122 m. N.N. W.Springfield. Fisu Trap, p. o., Baker county, Get. : 146 m. S. S. W. Milled gevi lie. FisKBURGii, p. v., Kenton co., ^v* " on the W. side of Licking r., 51 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. FiBKEDALE, p. o., Worccstcr CO., Masa. : 59 m. W. S. W. Boston. ai6 FiSKEviLLE, p. v., Providence co., li. I. : on the N. side of Pawtuxet r., 11 m. S. W. Providence. It is a place of considerable manufacturing industry. Fisk's Corkebs, p. o., Winnebago co., Wise. : S^m. N. E, Madison. FiTCii, p. o., Cass CO., Ind. : 71 m. N. by W. Indianapolis, FrrcHBURGii, t. and p. v., Worcester county, J/tiss. .• 42 m. W. N.W.Boston. Drained by a large branch oi Nashua r., and two smaller streams, which furnish immense water- power, and on which are numerous large manufacturing esUiblishments. Surface diversified and somewhat hilly; soil of average fertility. In the immediate vicinity of the v. of Fitchburg is an immense quarry of excellent granite. The manufactures embrace woolen and cotton goods, paper, boots, etc It is *me of those towns of New England that have forced tliemselves into prosperity by local advantages, and is now one of the chief centres of the railroad network of the country ; hence diverge the Fitchburg R. R. to Boston, the Worcester and Fitchburg R. B. to Worcester, and the Vermont and Massachusetts R. R. to Greenfield— these, with their connections, extending to every part of the Union and the Canadas. The "Fitchburg SenliueP' is issued weekly. Population in 1S30, 2,109 ; in 1S40, 2,604; and in 1S50, 5,009. FiTriincEon, p. v., Dane co., ir/*c. ; 10 m. S. Madison. FiTciiviLLE, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio : S4 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. Surface diversified, and somewhat hilly; soil fertile, and well culti- vated. The jirincipal v. is situate on the r. near the centre of the t.. and contains about 300 inhabitants. Filchvillo was settled and is chiefly occupied by industrious emigrants from the New England Stales. Pop. 1,17S. FiTZ Henry, p. v., Conway county, Ark. : 41 m. N. W. Little Bock. FiTZ Henry, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: 81 m. N. Columbus. FiTz Henry, p. o., Westmoreland co., Pemi. : 133 m. W. Harrisburg. FiTZ Henry, p. o.. Ogle county, III. : 153 m. N. by E. Springfield. FiTz William, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., iK ffamp. : 46 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Priests and Camp Brooks, and there are several ponds of considerable size in the town. Surface hilly ; soil rocky and stubborn ; but thero are considerable meadows which are very productive. Gap Mf'untain lies on the N. E. boundary, on which are found fine whetstones. The v. lies near tlie centre, and is inter- secteil by the Cheshire R. R. Pop. oft. 1,4S2. Five CoKSEr.s, p. o., Cayuga county, K. Y. : 142 m. W. Albany. Fm: Mile, p. o., Brown county, Ohio : 69 m. S. "W. Columbus. Five Mile, p. v., Pickens dist, S. Car. : on a cr. so called, 122 m. N. W. Columbia. Five Points, p. o., Venango CO., /Vn-n..: 171 m.W.N.W Harrisburg. Flackville, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : 152 m.N.W Albany. Flaoq Spring, p. o., Campbell co., Xi/. : 63 m. N. N. E. Frankf.irt. Flaqgtown, p. v., Somerset co., 2/. Jer. : 20 m. N. E. Trenton. Flagstaff, p. o,. Somerset co., ^fe. Flanders, p. v.. Morris co., 3^ ,7(?r.; at the E. foot of Schoo- ler's Mountain. 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains about 30 dwellings, and 160 inhabitants. Flanders, p. v., Suffolk co., jV. Y.: on the S. side of Little Peconic Bay, 133 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains 15 or 20 dwellings. Flat, p. o., Piko co., Ohio: 62 m. S. Columbus. FLATDKita. p. v.. Irwin co., Ga. : on Flat cr. of AllapahaW river, 102 m. S. Milledgeville. Flatbeook, p. o., Columbia co., 2^. Y FLA FLI Flatbrookville, p. v., Sussex co., iV: Jer,: 73 m. N. TrcntoQ FLATBusn, t. and p. v., Kings county, JS''. 5' ; 126 m. S. Albany. Surface diversified, but generally level ; soil, light loam and sand, well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly situate on a plain, 4 m. K. Brooklyn, and contains 3 churches, an academy, known as Erasmus Hall, an old and flourishing institution, several stores, and about 80 dwellings. The pop. of the town, 3.176. Near the N.W. boundary of the town, the disastrous battle of Flalbush or Long Island was fought in 177C. Flat Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., A*! K Flat Creek, p. c, Lowndes county, Ga. : 146 m. S. Milledgeville. Flat Crfek. p. o., Bedford co., Tenn.: on a cr. of Duck river so calk-d, 52 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Flat Heap lake, Oreg. Ter. : a considerable body of ■water at the "W. side of the Kooky Mountains, in about lat. 47° 30' N., and the source ofa main branch of Flat Head or Clarke's r., a tributary of the Columbia. Flat Head (or Clarke's) river, Oreg. Ter.: rises by sev- eral head streams ou the AV. side of the liocky Mountains, and after a course of 260 m., joins the Columbia r. above Fort Colville. Flatlanps, t and p. v., Kings county, K. Y. : 128 m. S. Albany. This town includes Barren Island and several others lying otT the sea-coast. Surface level ; soil, sand and sandy loam. The village, about G m. from Brooklyn, con- tains about 30 dwellings. Pop. of town 1,155. Flat LrrK, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : on Flat Lick Bayou, a tributary of Bayou Dorcheat, 216 m. N. W. Baton Bouge. Flat Lick. p. o.. Knox co., Ki/. : on a cr. so called, 103 m. S. E. Frankfort. Flat Eiver. p. o., Kent co., 3fich. : on Flat r., a tributary of Grand r.. 4.3 ra.W. N.'W. Lansing. Flat r. (or Co-roh-au- qnosh) rises in two small lakes in Mecosta co., flows llirough Montcalm, Ionia, and Kent coimtios, and discharges its waters into Grand r. in the t. of Lowell. It is S rods wide at its moufi, shallow, and the country on its borders is hilly and broken. Flat Kock. p. o., Henry county, Ga. : on the "W. side of Ocmulgee r., 67 m. "W. N.W. Milledgeville. Flat Bock, p. o., Shelby co., I/id. : on Flat Bock cr., a tributary of White r., 33 ra. S. E. Indianapolis. Flat Bock, p. o., Bourbon county, Ki/. : on Elkhom cr. an affluent of Kentucky r., 4P> m. E. by S. Frankfort. Flat Bock, p. o., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. : 153 m. S.W. Jefferson City. Flat Bock, p. o., Henderson county, 2^. Car. : on Flat Bork cr., a tributary of French Broad r., 217 m. TV. S. W. Baleigh. Flat Bock, p. o,, Seneca co., Ohio: 79 m. N. Columbus. Flat Bock, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : 41 ra. N. N.W. Columbia. Flat Bock, p. o., Powhatan co., Virg. : 23 m. W. by S. Biehmond. Flat Bock, p. o., Crawford co., III.: 115 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Flat Suoals, p. o., Meriwether co., Ga. : on Flint r., 78 m.W. Milledgeville. Flat Woods, p. o., Fayette co., Pemi. : 159 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Flat Woods, p. o., Braxton co.,Virg.: 192 m.W. N. W. Bichmond. Fleetville, p. v., Luzerne county, Perm. : 97 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Fleet\vood Academy, p. o.. King and Queen co., Virg. : 29 m. E. N. K. Birbmoud. Fleming county, A'y. Situate N. E.. and contains 4?0 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Licking r., which makes its S. W. boundary. Surface in the E. and S. mountainous — nihcrwise undulating ; Boils calcareous and very fertile, un- derlined with limestone. Both agriculture and manufactures are here in a prosperous condition. Farms 1,211; manuf. 9Q; dwell. 1,9*3, and pi>p.— wh. 11,62>;, fr. col. 147, si. 2,139 — total 13,914. Capital: Fleniingsburg. Public Works: Lexington and Maysville E. B. Fleming, p. v., Livingston co., Midi.: 37 m. E. by S. Lansing. Fleming, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., A^. Y. : 113 m.W. by N. Albany. Drained by Owasco Lake, which makes its E. bor- der. Surface undulating; soil, clay loam, and very pro- ductive. The V. contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of town 1,193. Fleming, p. v.. Centre county, Pejin. : 63 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Fleming's, p. o., Shelby county, Ind. : 28 m. S. E. Indianapolis. , Fleming's, p. o., Weakley co., Teiin. : 113 m.W. by N. Nashville. Flemingsburgh, p. v., and cap. Fleming county, Ki/. : on Stockton Bun, about 1 m. from its confluence with Flem- ing cr. of Licking r., 71 m. E.by N. Frankfort. It contains a flue brick court-house, etc., and about 600 inliabitanls. Flemingsville, p. v., Tioga co., A'i Y. : about 5 m. N. by E. Owego, and 9B m. W. S. W. Albany. It is a tbriving village of 400 inhabitants. Flemington, p. v., Wake co., 2^. Car. : 12 ra. N. W, Baleigh. Flemington, p. v., and cap. Hunterdon co.. A'". Jer. : in a mountain valley, 23 m. N. by W, Trenton. It contains a stone court-house, undt-r which is the co. jail; about SO dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the " Hunterdon County Democrat" (dein.), and the " Hun- terdon County Gazette'' (whig), are published weekly. A branch of the Belvidere iJelaware R. It. will extend hence to Lambertville, on the Delaware. Flhmisqton, p. v., Marlon co., Flor. : a few miles W. of Orange Lake, 10'.* m. S. E. Tallahassee. Fletchek. p. v., Miami co., Ohio: on a branch of Miami river, 61 ni. W. by N. Columbus. It contains several me- cbftnic shops, and about 250 inhabitants. Fletcuer, t. and p. o., Franklin county, Venn. : 85 m. N. N. AY. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Lamoille and Missisqui rivers. Surface broken ; soil indifl'erenU Tlie V. lies ou an affluent of Lamoille r. Pup. of t. 1,0S4. Flewellin's Cross Loads, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. Flicksville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 79 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Flint, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on Flint cr., a branch of Illinois r. of the Arkansas, N. of Tah-le-quah. Flint, t.,p. v., and cap. Genesee co.,J/ic7/. ; 46m.E.N. E. Lansing. Drained by Flint r. and its tributaries. Surface diversified — chiefly prairie ; soils rich and produolive. The town has large water-power. The v. is situated ou Flint r., and is a flourishing place of some 400 inhabitants. It con- tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several factories, me- chanic shops, and stores ; and also two newspapers, the '^F. Bepublican" (dem.), and the " Genesee Whig," both issued weekly. The United States' road passes through the village. Pop. of t.3,304. Flint, p. o., Steuben co., Incl. : 146 m. N. E. Indianapolis* Flint Ckeek, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y. : on a cr. so called, 167 m. W. Albany. Flint Creek, p. o., Harrison co.. Miss. : on a branch of Bed cr. of Pascagoula r. so called, USm. S. S. E. Jackson. Flint Creek, p. o., Lake co., ///. ; on a cr. so called, 1S8 m. N. E. Springfield. Lake Zurich, a beautiful sheet of water of 800 acres, lies immediately N, W. of the site. Flint Gap, p. o., Knox co., Tenn.: 163 m. E. Nashville. Flint Hill, p. o., St. Charles co., 3Io. : on a small afflu- ent of Biviere au Cuivro, 73 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. Flint Hill, p. o., Bappahannock county, Virg. : 93 m. N. N. W. Bichmond. Flint Island, p. o., Mead countv, Ki/. : 89 m. W. by 9, 2U FLI FLO Frankfort. Flint Island lies in the Ohio r., on the Kentucky Bide, about 2 m. below the v. of Concordia. Flint Ridge, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car.: 6T m. N. by E. Columbia. Flint river, Ga.: a constituent of Appalachicola r. It rises by several head branches on the S. slope of the Alle- ghany Mountains in Campbell and De Kalb counties, and has a course generally S. for about 300 m. to its confluence T\*ilh Chattahoochee r. on the X. line of Florida, where it is 6 feet deep and 450 feet wide. Steamboats coroo up to Bainbridge, 50 m. from its mouth. Fltxt river, Mich. : a principal branch of Saginaw r., which it joins 30 ni. from its mouth. It is about 100 m. long, and aflr()nl^, wilh its branches, immense water-power, and boats ascen(i it (or a distance of 20 ra. from its mouth. Flint Hulk, p. o., Catawba co., J^.^Car. : on the S. side of Catawba r., 18S m. W. Kaleigh. Flint's Mills, p. o., "Washington county, Ohio: on Little Muskingum r., 97 m. E. by S. Columbus. Flint Spring, p. o., Bradley co., Tenn. : 131 m. S. E. Nashville. Flintville, p. T., Marion dist., S. Car. : 126 m. E. by N. Columbia. Flipi'os, p. o., Caroline co., Virg. : 46 ni. N. Eichmond. Flora, p. o.. Smith co., The. .• 223 m. N. E. Austin City. Florencf., p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co., Afa.: on the N. bank of Teimessee r. immediately below Muscle Shoals, 197 ra. N. W. Montgomer>". Its site is a plain. 300 feet above the river, which is here navigable, when full, for steamboats. The streets are 100 feet wide, and laid off at right nncrles. It contains a court-house, jail, a United States Surveyor General's Offlee, etc., several mechanic shops and factories, numerous stores, and about 1,170 inhabitants. A newspaper, the •' F. Gazette." is published weekly. It is eligibly situated for commerce, having a tine agricultural country around it, oC which it is the natural market, being at the head of steamboat navigation. It will also become a great railroad centre between the N. and S., and E. and "W., lines in those directions being in progress. Flobenoe, p. v., Stewart county, Ga. : on the"E. side of Chattahoochee r., 12T m. S. "W. Milledgeville. It is a flour- ishing village, and has considerable river trade and a large commercial connection with the interior. Pop. 600. Florence, p. v. Pike co., III. : on the W. side of Illinois river, 54 m. "SV. by S. Springfield. Florence, p. v., Boone co., Kr/. : 61 m. N. FrankforL Florence, p. v., Morgan co., Jfo. : on the S. fork of Riviere a la Mine, 46 m. W. Jefferson City. Florence, t. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., AficJi. : S m. S-W. Lansing. Drained by a tributary of St. Joseph's r., which affords mill-power. Surface direraiflcd ; soil deep and rich, producing^rain abundantly, and furnishing excellent pasture. Florence, t and p. o., Oneida county, ^V; Y, : 112 m. W. N.W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Fish cr. Sur- face gently undulating; soil sandy loam. The v. is near the centre, and contains about 20 dwellings. The AYater- town and Rome It. It. touches upon the S. W. comer of tlio town. Pop. 2,575. Flobenoe, t and p. v., Erio co., O/u'o: 97 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by Yermilbon and other creeks of Lake Erie. Surface rough; soil generally fertile. Iron ore ia very abundant. The village, near the centre of the town, and also Birmingham, on the Yermillion, are both flourish- ing places. Pop. oft. 1,491. Florence, p. v., "NYashington co., Penn. : in the N. "W. part of the co., 192 m. ^Y. Ilarrisburg. It is a flourishing village of 600 inhabitants, and has a newspaper, the " F. Enterprize," published weekly. Florence, p. v., Switzerland county, Ind. : S3 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Florence, p. v., Fremont county, la. : 242 m. W. S. Vi. Iowa City. Florence, v., Louisa county, la. : on the Iowa r., 46 ra. S. S.E. Iowa City. It was in this vicinity that Black Hawk, the celebrated Indian Chief resided until 1SS2, and here rest the remains of his ancestors. Florid, p. o., Putnam co., III. : 122 m. N. by E.Springfleld. THE STATE OF FLORIDA. Flobtoa. tlie most southerly of the Atlantic States, consists of a long, narrow strip on the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico, extending from the Atlantic coast to the River Perdido, and of a vast peninsula, 320 miles in length, and about 150 miles broad, separating the Gulf of Mexico from the Atlantic Ocean. It lies generally between latitudes 25^ and ol^ nortli, and between longitudes 80° and 87° 45' west from Greenwich, or 2° 5S' and 10° 43' west from Washington, and comprises within its limits an area estimated at 53,7S6 square miles. The southern portion of Florida, from about 28° N. latitude, is an extensive marsh, which during the rainy season, between June and October, effectually prevents an overland passage from one shore to the other. North of this tract to Georgia, the surface of the country is generally a dead level, but in some parts it is undulating, and even presents some eminences worthy the name <»f hills. The face of the country, west of the neck of the peninsula, is somewhat more uneven, but it contains no considerable elevations. The Great Southern Marsh contains numerous tracts of pine land, prairies, and hummocks, and the more northerly part of the peninsula consists chiefly of flue forests, interspersed with hummocks, prairies, and marshes. The soil is generally sandy, except in the hummocks, in w hirh it is clay, mixed with sand. These hummocks are scattered through- out the country, and vary in extent from a few acres to thousands, but forming in the aggregate only a small portion of Uic whole surface. They are covered with a growth of red, live, and water oak, dog-wood, magnolia and pine, and afford, when cleared, excellent arable land. The prairies, or savannahs, as they are here called, are sometimes pretty extensive, stretching for several miles in length and breadth, and forming natural pastures. The barrens are overgrown with pine forests, with little underwood, and though the soil is generally indifferent, it is sometimes productive. The swamps or morasses, which form so conspicuous a feature in the country, are either formed by the inundations of Uic rivers, which, overflowing the high-wooded ridge that forms their banks, cover the lowlands in the rear with water, or Ihey are produced by the drainage of the surrounding country; the latt*.T, or pine-barren swamps, are overgrown with pine, cypress, and cypress knees; and the former, or river swamps, are covore)e for steaml)nnls thrnu^hout Its whole lonslli. The Choelawatchee, rising in Alabama, flows into the buy of its name, and the Escambia into Penaacola Bay. The St. Clary's forms in part the northern boundarj-, and is a fine navigable stream. IMorida has a sea-coast of more than 1,000 miles in length, but so mueh of it is rendered inaccessible by soundings, that ft has few good harbors. West of Cape San Bias the shore is bold, but east of that point it begins to shallow. From Appalaehee Bay to Tampa Bay the whole coast sends off shallow banks, and from Wacasasa Bay to the Amaxura there are but six or seven feet of water six miles from shore ; to the soutli of Carlos Bay the shores are bolder. On the eastern aide there is no harbor south of San Augustine, and scarcely an inlet breaks the coast fVora that point to Cape Florida. South from the mainland, a chain of small rocky islands, named cayos or keys, extends to the westward, ending in a duster of rocks and sand-banks, called the Tortugas, or Dry Tortugas. South of the bank upon which these keys rise, and separated from them by a navigable channel, is a long, narrow coral reef, known as the Florida lieef. The most Important of these keys is Key West, a nautical corniption or free translation of C; and the numerous lakes, rivers, and crerOcs of tho interior teem with fresli-watcr fish, and the moat delicious species of soft-shellcd turtle, etc. On many parts ol the coast sponges are found, and iu this product the trade is constantlyincreasing. 219 FLORIDA. Florida oontains 23 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in 1S50, were as follows : ;Counties. Dwell, Alachua 2T4 . Benton 113 . Calhoun 165 . Cohimbia ....530 . Dade 23 . Top. .2,524... 2S3 . Funn^ ManuC inciilL K&tiib. ., 926 . . 1,37T . . 4,S0S . . 159 . Duval 451 ... 4,539 82 .. . 63 .. .. 475 .. . 6 .. . ICT .. Escambia Franklin . Gadsden . Hamilton Hillsboro* Holmes 267 Jackson 560 Jefferson .... 520 563 ... 4,351 ... 84 .. .201 . 6S4 . 301 . 253 .. ... . . 4S2 . . . .. 205 ... .. 120 ... 9 .. 1,644 ... 103 ... . . 6.639 . . . 2S7 . . . . . 1,561 . . . S,7S3 . .. 2,409 . . . 5,377 . Capftnlfl Newnanville . . . Melendez 1 . . . S(. Joseph 3 . . . Alligator 2 . .. Miami 5 .. . Jacksonville 9 . . . Pensacola . . . Appalachicola . . . Quincy . . . Jasper 9 . . . Tampa . Cerro Gordo . Mariana . . 7,718 ...377.. .7... Monticello Countien. Dwell Pop. Leon 737 ... 11,442 .. Levy 64 ... 465 .. Madison . . 498 . . . 5,490 . . Marion ... 894 .. . 3,338 . , Monroe ...420 ... 2,643 .. Nassau ... ISS ... 2,104 .. Orange ... 55 . . . 466 . . Putnam ...108... 657 .. St. John . . 821 . . . 2,625 . . St. Lucie . . 22 . . . 139 . . Santa Rosa 626 .. . 2,sa3 . . Wakulla ..227 ... 1,955 .. Walton ... 195 ... 1,379 .. Wash'gton 273 . . . 1,950 . , , 856 . . 262 . 329 . 6 . 137 , 19 . 20 , 84 . . 91 . 100 .161 . 165 Munuf. Eslab. . IS .. . .. ,. 4 .. .. .. .. 11 .. ..11 .. .. .. ,. .. . 7 .. .. .. , . 28 . . .. 5 . ,. 4 Cnpita]0. TALLAnAfieiB Wakasasa Madison Ocola Key West , Nass.iu C. H. , Mellonville Tilatka San Augustine . . Milton . . Newport . . Uchee Anna .. Holmes Valley The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 9,022, of families 9,107, and of inhabitants 87.401, viz.: whites, 47,167 — males, 25,074, and females, 21,493; free colored, 926 — males, 420, and females, 505, and slaves, 39,309. Of the whole population, the following classes and numbers of persons were blind, deaf and dumb, insane or idiotic: deaf and fZunift— wh. 12, fr. col. 0, si. 10— total 22 ; Uind—vh. 12, fr. col. 2, si. 12— total 26 ; insane — wh. 6, fir. col. 0, si. 2 — total 8 ; idiotic — wh. 29, fr. col. 1, si. 7 — total 37. The number of free persons born in the United Slates, was 45,320 ; of those bom in foreign countries, 2,757 ; and of those whose country was unknown, 58 : the native population originated from— Maine 140, N. Hamp. 61, Verm. 65, Mass. 235, P.. I. 66, Conn. 179, N. York 614, N. Jer. S3, Penn. 240, Del. 9, Md. 194, Dist. of Col. 33, Virg. 643, N. Car.3,537, S. Car. 4,470, Geo. 11,316, Florida 20,563, Ala. 2,340, Miss. 92, La. 140, Tex. 8, Ark. 5, Tenn. ^12. Ky. 87, Oh. 53, Mich. 7, Ind. 14, 111. 8, Mo. 7, la. 0, Wise. 3, Calif. 0, and the Terri- tories ; and the foreign population was composed of natives of— England 300, Ireland S7S, Scotland 182, Wales 11, Germany 307, France 67, Spain 70, Portugal 17, Belgium 4, Holland 8, Italy 40, Austria 8, Switzerland 7, Russia 2, Nor- way 17, Sweden 23, Denmark 21, Prussia 17, Asia 8, Africa 23, British America 97, Mexico 5, South America 3, West Indies 599, other countries 37. And the following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken b7 the United States authorities : Colored Pereons. Decenni.il Increase. Wliito . ■ . Persons. Free. Slave. Total. Ceivius. year. 18.30 1840 1850 .. 18,385 844 .... 16,501 .... 16,345 . .. 27.943 817 .... 25,717 .... 20,534 . .. 47,167 925 .... 89,309 .... 40,234 . Total Population. .. 34,780 ... . 64,477 19,747 56.8 . 87,401 32,924 60.4 The industry of Florida is devoted almost wholly to agrieidture and commerce, the manufactures of the Stat« as yet being of small account, and consisting of such branches only .as those the position of the inhabitants immediately demands. None of the great national manufactures have yet been introduced, and hence manufactured goods of almost every description are imported from the Northern States and exchanged for the indigenous agricultural staples of the soil — an exchange creating a large commercial movement between the different sections of the Union, and in the interior of the State itself The statistics of the wealth and industry of the State, as furnished by the census of 18,50, and other official returns, are as follows : Occupied LandR, etc. — Improved lands, .349,049 acres, and unimproved lands, 1.236,240 acres — valued in cash at $6..323,109. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 4,304. Value of farming implements and machinery. $658,795. Live-Stoek.— Worses, 10.84S; asse.s and mules, 5,002; milch cows, 72.870; working oxen, 5,794; other cattle, 1S2.415; •heep, 23,311 ; and swine, 209,453— valued in the aggregate at $2,830,058. (In 1840 there were 12,0*3 horses, mules, etc. J 118,080 neat-callle of all kinds ; 7,198 sheep, and 92.6S0 hogs.) Orain O-oyi-s.— Wheal, 1,027 bushels; rye. 1,152 bushels ; Indian com, 1,996.369 bushels; oals, 66,586 bushels; barley, bushels; and buckwheat, 55 bushels. (The crops of 1839-40 were — wheat. 412 bushels; barley, SO bushels; oata, 13.829 bushels ; rye, 305 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels ; and Indian corn. 898,974 bushels.) Other Cropn. — Rice, 1,075,090 pounds ; tobacco, 998,614 pounds ; ginned cotti->n, 45.131 bales of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 135,369 bushels; Irish pot^itocs, 7,825 bushels; sweet potatoes, 757.226 bushels; hay, 2,510 tons; clover-seed, ; and other grass-seed, 2 bushels; hops. 14 pounds ; hemp, dew-rotted, tons, and water-rotted, tons; flax. 50 pounds; flax-seed, bushels; maple sugar, pounds; cane sugar, 2,752 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 3.52,893 gallons ; wine, 10 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $1,200, and of marketrgarden products, $8,721. The annexed table will exhibit the staple crops of 1840 and 1850 comparatively : staples. 18<0. 1R50. Increase Cane Sugar 275,317 pounds 2,752,000 pounds 2,476,683 pounds, or 899.57 per cent. Ginned Cotton 12,110,638 " 18,052,400 " 5,941,867 " or 49.06 " Tobacco 7.5,274 " 993,614 " 923.340 " or 226.64 " Eicc 431,420 " 1,075,090 " 61.5,670 " or 149.19 " Products of Animab.—Vfonl 2!i,2iT (\a 1840, 7,285') pounds : butter, 871 ,493 pounds ; cheese, 18.015 pounds: and thr value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $514,685. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 6 (in 1840, 124^) pounds, and beeswax and honey, to that of 18.971 pounds. J!onK-made manufactures for the year ending SOIh June, 1550, Were valued at $75,582. (In 1540, $20,205). Manufactures. — .\ggregate capital invested, $1,209,107 ; value of raw materi.tl. fuel. etc.. used and consumed, $412,030; average number of hands employed, 1,192 — males, 1,112, and females, SO ; average monthly cost of Labor— male. $37,216, and female, $9,872; annual value of proilucLs, $902,114. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, producing to the annual value of $500 and upward, was one hundred and twenty-one. 220 FLORIDA. Commerce. — Florida, in the year ending 30lh June, ISoO, e3-pnrU'd to foreign countries to the value of $2 623 624 of which amount |2,607,96S represented domestic produce, and $15,6o6 foreign merchandise re-exjjorted. The proportion of the total value of domestic produce carried in foreign bottoms, was $1,493,999— the remainder in national vessels. The foreign imporU for the same year amounted in value to $95,709, of which $30,241 was carried in American, and $65,463 In foreign vejssels. The greatest portion of the exports arc cleared from Appalacliieola, which is also Iho outlet of Eastern Alabama, and South-western Georgia, whence produce is brought down the river in steamboats. The shipping entered at all the ports of the Stato amounted to 1T,9S0 tons, of which was foreign 10,462 tons; and the shipping cfeared. to 22,166, of which was foreign 12,134 tons. The tonnage owned in the several collection districis of the Stale, was as follows : Re gistereil. Enrolled and Licensed. Total Tonnage. Na»isalcj hy Steam. Ton.,:,;e Collection Districts. Perm't. lenip'ry. Perni'L Tenipor.irj . under 20 tons IS4'>-.^0 Pensacola . . 1,221 495 77 . 1,793 . . . ... 79 St. Augustine . , .. . — ... St. .Mark's .. — — ... . . . 282 — . . . ... 71 .... . 853 . . . . St. John's .. — — ... ... 310 — ... ... . 810 .. . ... 79 . . . Appalaehicola . .. — — ... . . . 2,1150 — . . . ... — . 2,050 . , . . . . 2,050 . . . Key West .. 3,01- 1,398 ... .. 1,546 546 ... ... '259 ... . . 6,766 . . . ... 56 . . . _ Total .... .. 3,017 . 2,619 ... ...4,683 546 ... . . . 407 . . . . . 11,272 . . . . . . 2,185 , . . ... 79 The coasting trade of Florida is immensely larger titan it.s direct foreign trade, and employs a large tonn.age both of steam and sail vessels. Of the cotton exported in 1851, 70.547 bales were sent direct to fori'ign ports, and 111,.532 co.ist- wise, and so with other staples — which facts illustrate the course of Florida commerce. The statistics of the foreign commerce of the State for a series of years, exhibit the following movements : Te»r«. 1821 1822 1823 1824 . 1826 . lm|iort". Exports $13.270 $- 6,877 4.S08 6.986 8,218 1S26 ]6,.590 1827 257.994 57,486 1828 168,292 60,321 1829 153.642 56,0S6 1830 32,689 7,570 Years. Itn[iorts, Exjiorta. 1831 $115,710 $30,496 1832 306.845 65,716 Years. Importa. E.xportg, 1841 $1-1.5.181 $30,629 1842 176,980 33,384 184;3 158,632 760,638 1S44 155,695 1,011,416 1845 107.863 1,514,745 1S4G 140,584 176.448 1847 143.298 1,810,.53< 1848 64.267 1,896,683 1849 63.211 2,519,027 1 850 95,709 2,023,624 18:33 S5,.336 64,805 1834 18.5,798 228,825 18.35 98,173 61.710 18.36 1'2I,745 71,663 1837 305,.514 90,084 1888 168,690 122,.532 1839 279,283 3.34,806 1S40 190,723 1,858,850 Internal ro»mmiiica«;o;!.— Florida, beyond those provided by nature, has but few means of internal communication. In the south there are several military roads to depend on ; and in the north, where greater progress has been made iu the settlement of the country, there are some short railroads, and more progress h;is been made in opening inter-commuui- cation by ordinary roads. There are, however, several public works of great importance to the prosperity of the State projected ; one of whicli. the Ship Canal, or railroad across the neck of the peninsula, will be of vital importance to the commerce of the Gulf of .Mexico ; and the railroads from Savannah and Brunswick to Appalaehicola, will also be tho means of opening up Uie southern parts of Georgia to the Floridian Gulf ports. There is also a railroad projected from some point on the St. Mary's River to Pensacola. Government — The eonstiluUou of Floriria provides that all free white male citizens, twenty-one years of age, who shall have resided in the State two years, and in the county six months next preceding, shall be eligible to vote at elections. The Legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Ilepresenfatives. Representatives are elected for one year, and senators for two years. Representation is apportioned every ten years according to population, three-fiUhs of the slaves being counted iu the representative numbers. The general election takes place on the first Monday of October, and the .\s3embly meets biennially on the third Monday in Xovember. The governor is elected by a plurality of votes for four years, and is ineligible for the four years next after. He must be at least thirty years of age, and have been ten years a citizen of the United States, or an inhabitant of Florida at the adoption of the constitution, and a resident thereof for five years next before the election. The governor has a qualified veto on all legislative acts. In case of the disability or death of the governor,.^''*', the President of the Senate, and iecoruU the Speaker of the House of Representatives act in his stead for such part of the term as may be unexpired. No officer in a banking company, while he serves in a bank, or for twelve months atlerward, shall be eligible for the office of governor, senator, or reiiresentative ; nor shall a duelist or second in a dud hold any office under the State. The Secretary of State is elected by the Legislalure for four years. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and several courts of minor jurisdiction. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. It holds fi>iir sessions annually — one at Tallahassee, on tlic first Monday of January ; one at Jacksonville, on the third Monday of February ; one at Tampa, on the first Monday of March ; and one at Mariana, on the third Monday of March. When one or two of Uie judges are disqualified from sitting in any cause, the vacancy is filled by a corresponding number of circuit judges. For the purpose of holding Circuit Courts, the State is divided into four circuits, viz., the Western, the Middle, the East- em, and the Southern, to each of which there is one judge. The Circuit Courts have original common-law jurisdiction in all matters, civil and criminal, and also original equity jurisdiction, until a sep.arate Chancery Court is established by the Legislature. The judges are now elected by concurrent votes of the two houses of the Getieral Assembly. An act was passed, however, in 1850-51, giving the election to the people, and limiting their term to six years; but this act has to be sanctioned by another Legislature before beeomius law. Respecting tanking, the constitution provides that " no bank charter shall be for more than thirty years, nor shall it ever be extended or renewed. The capital of a b.ank shall not exceeil $100,000, nor shall a dividend bo made exceeding 16 per cent, a jear. Stockholders shall be individually liable for the debts of the bank, and no notes shall be issued for less than $5." And, in relation to corporations, it further providi^s. that '-no act of incorporation shall be passed or altered except by the assent of two-thirds of each house, and by giving three months' notice." "The credit of the State sh.tll not be pledged in aid of any corporation whatsoever." 221 FLORIDA. With regard lo slavery, the same instrument eaya: "No law shall be passed to emancipalo slaves, or to prohibit the immigration of persons bringing slaves with thera ; but free colored persons may be prevented from enterino; the State.'* Tor an amendment of the constitution, two-thirds of each house must assent ; the proposed alteration must then be pubFiahed six months before the succeeding election, and then be again approved by a two-thirds vote in the succeeding General Aseerably. Florida, under the ]aw-. lliurclies. accom. Baptist 45 .. 10,400 Chrislicn ... — . . — Congregat'I. — . . — Dutcli Kef. . — . . — Episcopal .. 10 .. 8,810 Free 1.. 400 Friends — — . . — Vnlueof Denomlna- Ko. of Cliarch Vnlne of Property. linos, Chorclies. eccon^ Property. $25,e40 Germ'nRef. — ... — ... $— Eom. Cath. 5... 1,S50... $13,600 Germ'n Ref. .. — .. «- Eom. Cath. 5 . . 1,850 Jewish _. .. — .. — Tanker — . . — Lutheran .. — . . — .. — Union — . — Mennonite . — . . — .. — Unitarian . . — . . — Methodist .. 75. .18,010.. . 65,260 Universalist — . . — Moravi.in ... — . .. — .. — Minor Secta 2 . . l.non Prcebyteri'n 14. . 6,700.. . $31,500 Total.... 152. . 41.170 Denominn- Na of Clnirch ViiUie nf tioD5. Cburches. aicom. Prnperiy. 87,800 400 Moravian... — ... — ... — Minor Sects 2... 1.000 .., 1,200 . $]65>400 Florida is a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and it constitutes parts of the Eoman Catholic dioceses of Savannah and Mobile— in the diocese of Savannah ia included all of the State east of the AppaJachicoIa, and lu that of Mobile all west of that river. Education. — Florida is as yet but ill provided with schools; !t has no Institutions In which a liberal educafion can be obtained, nor are the existing public sch-wlsor academies efficient in their organization. The Stale has ample means for the support of public schools from the proceeds of the lands designated by Congress for that purpose, and the State coit- Btilution makes it imperative on the Legislature to organize and provide for a system of public education. The peculiar circumstances of the people, and the sparsity of the population, however, will, for a long lime to come, present obstacles lo the operation of any system devbed, and more than apologize for any deficiencies that may be observed in tlie educa=- tional condition of the inhabitants. These matters must be left to time and favoring circumstances. Periodical Press.— TherQ are 11 newspapers published in the State, of which 10 are issued weekly, and 1 semi-weekly ; and of these 5 are whig in politics, 3 democratic, 1 neutral, and two, the politics of which are not slated in the consui The aemi-weekly paper has an average circulation of 200 at each issue, or 20,800 copies annually ; and the 10 weekly papers an aggregate circulation of 5,550, or 258,600 copies annually, making the 309,400 copies the total annual issue. The papers having the largest circulations are, the " Commercial Advertiser" of Appalachicola, which is 1.500 copies weekly ; the"Sentinel,"and"rioridianand Journal" of Tallahassee — the first having a weekly circulation of 1,300, and the latter of 800, and the " Florida Kepublican," which issues 7U0 weekly ; none of the others circulate more than 400 copies of each issue. Historical Sketch. — The adventures of Narvacz, and the romantic wanderings of Ponce de Leon and De Soto, (he buceanecring of the English, the wars waged with Oglethorpe by the Spaniards, and more recently, the long and bloody Indian wars, have given to Florida a greater historical interest than attaches toanyothcr portion of the Union. But as one of the youngest sisters of our confederacy, but comparatively little is known of its geography, resources, and pro- ductions. Peninsulated from almost all intercourse with other States, it lies out of the great thoroughfare of travel; and while the commerce of the Great "U'est sweeps around its shores, Ihey are looked upon as so many dangerous reefs and rocks, threatening destruction to the mariner. In tho foregoing sketch the aim has been to give an idea of the present actual state and condition of the eouniry. Its history is briefly as follows: Florida was discovered in 1406 by Cabot, and was visited by Ponce de Leon In 1512, who came In search of the spring of perpetual youth and beauty, and fabled mines of gold, the fame of which had flUed all Europe, In 1562 we find the French and Spaniards contesting their respective rights to the soil. San Augustine was settled in 15C4, it being by Ibrty years the oldest settlement in the United States. Pensacola was settle obtain them, iut yet in s^.itfoalm"' V ,''''■'; "'™' population planted themselves in the country. ' obstaelcs, a consLdcrable The territory was now beginning to reap the Ihilts of Its American occunatlon wh^n in Ti-^ ,^ ^ , .■ ^ war broke out and continued for seven years, rendering aU habitation o. on e li'mts of he octr^ d n't " "™'"! p:^::i:^=n:s;::-r^d^--ri;:^^ over, it has progressed with reasonable rapiditv, and In' L^" l^ admi ,ed nto he L ni'^; '"" ' "' """"'' """- Taixauassee is the political capital of the Stata Florida, t. and p. c, UiUsdale c-o., Jfich. : 69 m. S. by W, Lan.sing. Flokida. p. v., Monroe Co., 2fo. : on tlie S. side of the N. fork of Fall r., 07 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Florfda. t. and p. o., Berkshire county, 3fass.: lOG m. W_hy N. JJoslon. Drained by Cold r. and other tributaries ofDeerfleld r., which have extensive waler-jfower. Hurface hdly ; soil adapleil to grass. Top, 561. Florida, p. v., Orange co.. A: r. .• 94 m. S. by W. Albany It has several mills and about 300 inhabitants. Florida, p. v., Henry county, 0/uo: on the N. side of Maumee r.. and on the line of Ihe Wal.asl, and Erie Canal 112 m. N. N. W. Columbus. It is a flourishing place of 200 mhabitanls. Florida Hzm, p. o., Avoyelles par.,Z. ; on n ct of Licking r. so called, 67 m. N. E. Fraukli.rt Flowerfield, t. and p. o., St. .Joseph's CO., Mich.: 78 m S.TT. Lansmg. Drained by Kocky r. of .St. Joseph r, which with lis tributaries, affords extensive mill-power. Surf ,ce' diversifled; soU, a deep-black alluvion, or vegetable mol.l. Ihc t. contains several saw and flouring mills, but is as yet thinly populated. Pop .503. Flowe£v Mocsd, p. 0. Omcordia parish, Za. ; 02 m JV. JN.W. Baton KoDge. Floyd county, Oa. Sitnale N. W., and contains 453 »]. m. Drained by the Oosianaula and Etowah rivers uiutmg in the E part of Ihe county : these form the Coos.;,' :' ; f™; ,^ • '."'o '"<■ -^'"bama. Several minor streams affliK nts of the nvcrs above named, also traverse the coun^ irj. Surface hilly and broken; soil, except on the alluvial borders of the nvcrs. of indifferent quality. The crops of his CO. are more various Ih.-.n in the S. counties, and consist ch eflj of corn, wheal, etc., with a little cotton. Grazin- is extensively practiced. Farms 897; manuf. 15; dwell ma Flotd connly, Ind. Sihiale on Ohio r., and contains M4 ^llMth M-"l '.' '■'■" ""'* '"^'' ""■'-• A ran," wlKd the h nobs," traverses the co. in a N. and S direc ^n. These hills, from 1 to 3 mUcs wide, are covered wit , tne timber-oak and pine. SoU various-lilUe flrst rate^ Corn and grasses are the chief products. Manufactures and ship-building are earrie.l on extensively near the Ohia I arms 423 ; manuf. 106 : dwell. 2.448, and pop.-wb. 14,305, fr._col. 670-total 14,S75. C«;>*/« .- New Albany. Public Hurts .- New iVlbany and Salem P.. K. Flotd county, la. Situate N. middle, and contains 578 q. ni. Taken from Pottowaltomec in 1S5I. Flotd county, Ay. Situate E.. and contains 960 sq. m. Drained by Licking r., which rises in this county, and by numerous creeks of the W. fork of Big Sandy r. Surface considerably broken, well wooded, and along the streams fc rtile and productive. There are deposits of iron and coal, and also s.ilt s|>rtogs. Farms 365: manuf. 4; dwcU S62- and pop.-wh. 5,503, fr. coL 62, si. 149-totaI 5,714. Capi Uac: Prcstonburg. Flotd county, rirff. Situate :S. middle, and contains 62o sq. m. Drained by E. fork of New r., and others, its tributary creeks. Surface mountain-valley, bounded both }i. and W. by ragged hUls; soil a.lapted to grass, oats, etc. !• arms 444: manuf. 16; dwell. 9^7, and pop.-wh. 6 000 fr col. 15, si. 443-total 6,455. Caj,it(d: Floyd Cour'l-houae (Jacksonville). Flotd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., Jf. T. : R7 m. W. N. W Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. of Mohawk r.', which forms lis S. boundary. Surfcce rolling; soil, clav marl, adapted to grass; along the Mohawk are rich alluvial flats. 1 ho V. lies about the centre of the t„ C m. E. P.ome. In the town are several woolen and cotton mills, etc. Pop 1 455 Flotd Coitet-uocse, p. o., Fl.>yd co., nrg. ; on tiie's. side of E. fork of New r., lOS m. V. S. W. Picliraond. The village is called Jacksonville. Pop. of v 1''0 Flotdsbcteoii, p. v., Oldham co., A}/, ': on Floyd's cr. of Salt r., 04 m. W. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 120 Flotd's Mills, p. c, Horry dist., i'. C9. Fort Crochan : a T'. S. military post. Department No. S, "Western Division. Hamilton Creek, Austin, Tex. Fort Dade, p. o., Benton Co., F!nr. : on the "W. side of "Witblacoocliee r.. 155 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Between this and Fort Armstrong, on the opposite side of the r., is the site of the massacre of Major Dade and his companions bj the Indians 225 ving FOR FOR Fort Decatub, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on the S. side of Tallapoosa r., 29 m. E. by N. itonlgoniery. It is built on thdsito of an old fort, and is now a flourishing v., through ^wbich the Montgomery and West Point R. K. passes. Fort Defiance, p. v., Caldwell co., IT. Car. : 158 m. W. Ealeigh. Fort Des Moines, p. v., and cap. Polk co., la.: on the W, Bide of Des Moines r., 109 m. \V. Iowa City. It is a thriving trading town on the route of travel to Council BlutTs, and on the line of the projected railroad. It is a station at which overland emigrants can supply themselves ■with every necessary, there being here several extensive Btorea, hotels, etc. For-T Duncan, p. v., Kinney co.. Tetr. : a V. S. military post, Department No. 6, Wrstorn Divi&ion, at Eagle Pass of the Rio Grand r., 224 m. S. W. Austin City. A flourish- ing town has been built at this point. , Fort Edwabu, t. and p. v., Washington co., M Y. : 89 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Moosekill and other streams of Hudson r., which makes its W. boundary. Sur- face undulating ; soil, clay and loam, very fertile. The v. lies on tiie E. side of the IIudBon, and on the line of the Chainplaiu Canal and the Saratoga and Washington K. li., and contains about GOO inhabitants. Fort Miller lies at the S. end of the town. The ruins of old Fort Edward, erect- ed 17.'i5, are still existing in the village; and a little N. is the scene of the barbarous murder of Jane M'Crea by the Indians in the Revolutionary War. There are in the town several mills and stores, and 2,328 inhabitants. Fort Edwaed Centre, p. o., Washington co., ^ K ; S4 m. N. by E. Albany. Fort FianFiELD, p. v., Aroostook co., 3fe. : on the S. side of Aroostook r., near the line of New Brunswick, 197 m. N. E. Augusta. FoET Fanning, p. c, Levy co., Flo7\ : formerly a tl. S. military post, on the E. side of Suwannee r., 79 m. 8. E. Tallahassee. Fort Gahtes, p. v.. Early co., Ga.: on the E. side of Chattahoochee r., 14S ra. S. W. Milledgeville, and opposite Franklin, Ala. It is the terminus of the South Western R. R., and a railroad will be continued from this place in a S. W. direction to Pensacola, Flor. It is already a place of commercial importance, and has a good river trade. Fort Gaines, p. v., Benton co., Minn. : on the Mis- sissippi r., immediately above the Sixth Rapids, 93 m. N. W. by N. St. Paul. FuRT Gatizs : a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Western Division, on Leon river, Tea^as. Fort Gibson, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on the Arkansas r., at the confluence of Neosho or Grand r., and a IT. S. military post, Department No. 7, Western Division. Lat. 350 4.S' t> !" N.. and long. 95° 09' W. Fort Geah-vm: a U. S. military post, Department No. S, Western Division, Jose Maria Village, T&c., on the E. side of Brazos r., lo3 m. N. by E. Austin City. Fort Gratiot: a U. S. military post, Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Mich. The v. of Fort Gratiot is situate at the head of a rapid at the outlet of Lake Huron, the en- trance of which is commanded by the fort. The fortifica- tions were built in ISU, at the close of the war witli Great Britain. Fort IIall, Oreff. Ter.: on nenr>''s r., a branch of Lewis or Sapten r., in lat. 4^'^ 01' ?.u" N., and long. 112^ 29' 54" W. A few miles E. is the junction of tlio Oregon and California routes, the former of which passes Fort Hall. FoKT Hamilton, p. v.. Kings 00., N, Y.: on the E. side ef the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. Fort Hamilton, on the land, and Fort Lafayette or Diamond, in the channel, and on the W. side of the entrance Fort Rich- nvtnd, command this important passage. The v. is pleas- r-nfly lucatod, overlooking n wide expanse of sea and the surrounding country, and is much resorted to for summer recreation, there being here a flue mansion for visitors, and 326 much agreeable society. Steamboats ply regularly to and from New York, and stages run several times a day be- tween this and Brooklyn. As a military post, Fort Hamil- ton belongs to Department No. 8, Eastern Division. Fort Harley, p. o., Alachua co., J'^lor. : 106 m. E. S. £. Tallahassee. Fort Uembree, p. v., Cherokee co., A^ Caj\: 294 m, W. S. W. Raleigh. Fort Henderson, p. 0., Macon co., Ala. : 46 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Fort Hill, v., York dist, S'.Car. : SS m. N. Columbia. Fort Hill, p. 0., Lake co., III. : ls7 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Fort Howard: a IT. S. military post, Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Green Bay, Wiscoiui'tn. Fort Hull, v., Macon co., Ala. : SS m. W. Monlgonwry FoET Hvnter, p. o., Montgomery co., N. Y.: on the S. side of Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 31 m, N. W. Albany. Here are the ruins of an old coloni.1l fort. Fort IxDErENDENCE : a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Lat. 42° 20' N., and long. 71° ('4' W. Fort Inge: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, Western Division, on Leona river, Taras. Fort Jackson : a U. S. military post, Department No. 5, Western Division, New Orleans, Louiaiana. Fort Jefferson, p. v., Darke county, Ohio : S7 m. W. Columbus. Military fortifications formerly existed at this point. It is about 6 m. S. by W. of Greenrilie. Fort Jennings, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: on the W. side of Big an Glaize r., 97 m. N. W. Columbus. The ruins of the old fort still remain. Fort Jessup, p. o., Sabine par.. La. : between Red r. and Sabine r., 153 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Fort Johnbon : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, Eastern Division, Smithville, N. Car, Lat. 34° Oo" N., and long. 7S0 06' JV. FoET Kearnet, p. 0., Indian Countr.', Kchr. Ter.: a post of tlie U. S., at which several companies of soldiers are usually stationed for the protection of the Indian IVon- lier. Department No. 6, Western Division. Fort Kent, p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side of St. John r., at the confluence of Fish r., 218 m. N. by E. Augusta, FoET Lafayette or Diamond : a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Eastern Di\ision. At the Narrows of New York Harbor, J^. Y. It lies in the channel, off Fort Hamilton. Fort Laramie, p. o., Kehr. Ter. : on the S. side of Platte or Nebraska r., in lat. 42^ 12' 10" N., and long. 105° 21' 60" W. It is a U. S. military post, Department No. 6, Western Division. FoKT Leavenworth, p. o. : a U. S. military post, on the W. side of Missouri r., about 8S m. above the mouth of Platte r. LaU 390 21' 14" N., and long. 94° 44' W. Here are ex- tensive military works, defended by a company of dragoons and several companies of infantry. It is in the 6th Military Department, Western Division. FoET Lincoln : a U. S. military post, Department No. S, Western Division, on Rio Seco, Tfer. Fort Littleton, p. o., Fulton co., Penn, : 72 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Fort Mackinac: a U. S. military post, Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Mackinac, Mic7i. Fort Macon: a U. S. military post, Departmant No. 4, Eastern Division, Beaufort, J^. Car. Fort Madison, p. v., and cap. Lee co., la. : on the W. side of thcMississippi r.. 71 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The site of an old frontier fort, and only laid out as a village in 1S35. Fort Madison is now a place of considerable manufactures, commerce, and wealth, and in ISoO had 1,512 inhabiuinta It contains a court-house, the county jail and offices, several handsome churches, Uie State penitentiary, and has man^ FOR fine brick stores and dwellings. Its river trnde is extensive, steamboats arrivin;^ and departing; several times a day ; and Ita trade witli the interior is coramensiirately large. The village, indeed, is the natural outlet of one of the richest Bections of the State. It is distant from Burlington 23 m. by river. Two newspapers are published here, the " Iowa Statesman" and the " Whig and liegister," both weekly. A branch of the Keokuk and Iowa City 11. K. will probably be extended to Fort Madison. Fort i['IlK.\RY: a IT, S. military post, Department No, 8, Eastern Division, Baltimore, .W. FoET M'Intosu: a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Western Division, Laredo, T&eas. FoET Marion : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, Eastern Division, St. Augustine, j'for. Lat. 290 so' N., and long. 81° 27' W. Fort Martln Scott: a tJ. 9, military post, Department No. 8, TVestem Division, Fredericksburg, Tlvds. Fort Meade: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Divison, Tampa Bav, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and long. 810 51' W. Fort Merrill: a V. S. military post. Department No. 8, Western Division, Nueces River, Corpus Christi, Tcr. Lat, 270 47' 17" N., and long. 97° 27' 02" W. Fort Mifflin : a U. S. military post. Department No. 3, Eastern Division, near rhihadelphia, Penn. Lat. 39° 51' N., and long. 75° 12' W. FoET Mill, p. o., York district, S. Car.: 81 m. N. CoIumbi,a. Fort Miller, p. v., Washington co., W. Y. : ca the E. bank of the Hudson r., 84 m. N. by E. Albany. At this point the river has a fall of 20 feet, and a State dam, 8 feet high, is built for diverting the waters into the Champlain Canal, which passes through the village. There are several mills and stores here, and between .300 and 400 inhabitants. FoET Mitciiell. p. o., Kussell co.. A!ii. : ou the W. bank of Chattahoochee r., about 2 m. above the confluence of Big Ochec creek, 73 m. E. Montgomery. Fort Monroe: a U. S. milit.ary post. Department No. 4, Eastern Division, on Toint Comfort, rirg. Lat. 37= 02' N., and long. 760 12' W. Fort Montgomert, p. o., Cherokee CO., Al Car. : 297 m, W, S, W. Ealeigh. Fort Morgan : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 5, Western Divison, Mobile, Alabama. Fort Mofltrie: a IT. S. military pbst. Department, No. 4, Eastern Division, Charleston Harbor, & Car. Lat. 32° 42' N., and long. 79° 56' W. Fort M'Eea : a TT. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Division, Pensacol.1, Fhr. Lat. 30° 24' N., and long. 830 14' -^7, FoET Myers: a U, S. military post. Department No. ■'>, Western Division, Tampa Bay, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and long. 87° 53' W. Fort Niagara : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Division, Toungstown, iV. }' Fort Ontario : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 8, Eastern Division, Oswego, K. Y. Foet Tike: a U. S. military post, Department No. 6, Western DivisioiL, La. Fort Plain, p, v., Montgomery CO., K Y. : on the S. side of the Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 4S m. W. by N. Albany. It is a flourishing village, having sev- eral manufacturing estjiblishments and about 1,000 inhabit- ants. Fine stone is qutirried in the vicinity. Two news- papers, the "Mohawk Valley Gazette" (whig) and the " Eadii and Phceni-x" (neutral), are issued weekly. Fort Prerle: a TJ. S. military post, Dep.artment No. 1, Eastern Division, Portland, Me. Lat. 430 as' N., and Ion" TOO IS' w. Foet Prince, p. o., Spartanbnrgh disl., S. Car. Fort P.ecotert, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: on a head branch of Wabash r., 97 m. W. N. W. Columbus. foh Foet Kiplev: a IT. 8. military post.. Department No. 6, Western Division, Miini. Tcr. * Fort Scott, p. o.. Bates oo.. Mo.: and a TJ. S. mUitary post, Dep.irtment No. 5, Western Division. It is situate on Marmiton cr. of Osage r., 140 ni. W. S. W. .Telferson City. Fort Seneca, p. o., Seneca Co., Ohio: 74 m. N. by W. Columbus. Fort Smith, p. v., Crawford co., Ark. : and a U. S. mil- itary post. Department No. T, Western Division. Situ;ite on the W. line of tlie State, where it is crossed by Arkansas r., 131 m. W. by N. Little P.ock. It is proposed to build a R. K. from Little Kock to this point. The •' Fort Smith Herald" is published weekly. Pop. OW. Fort Snellixc, p. v., ani. Lat. 440 63' N., and long. 9:3° OS' W. Within the jurisdiction of the fort there is a considerable village. Fort Sullivan : a U. s. military post. Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Eastport, Me. Lat. 41o +1' N., and long. 670 04' W. Fortsvi'lle, p. v., Saratoga CO., N. Y. : 39 m. N. Albany. Fort Towson : a IT. S. military post, Department No. 7, Western Division. Situate a little N. of Eed r., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. Fort TEtTMUDLL : a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, East^'rn Division, New Loudon, Comi. Lat. 410 22' N., and l.mg. 72° 05' W. Fort Vallev, p. v., Houston eo., Ga. : 53 m. S. W. Milledgeville. At this point the Muscogee E. K. diverges from the South-Western It. R. Foet Warren: a United States military post. Depart- ment No. 1 , Eastern Division, Boston, J/cks. .• lat. 43,° 20' N., and long. 7104' W. Foet WA.^niNGTON, p. v.. Prince George's Co., Md. : a United Suites military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Di- vision. The V. is situate on the E. side of the Potomac r., between Swan cr. and Piscataway r., 15 m. S. of Washing- ton, D. C. Fort Wasihta, p. o., Chickasaw Nation, Ind. Ter.: a United States military post. Department No. 6, Western Division. Situate on Fidse Washita river. Fort Watne, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ind. : on a high bank, opposite to which, gn the N., the SL Mary's and the St. .Toseph unite and form the Maumce r., in lat. 410 05' N., and long. S50 09' •«'., 103 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Here was the "Twightwee Village," or principal sect of the Miami, in their language called Ke-ki-o-qtie, and here too was olil Fort Wayne, built by General Wayne, Sept., 1794, and just below, on the opposite side of the Mauinee, was fought the disastrous battle of 22d Oct., 1790. At one time it was called '■ French Stores," .as it was for a long tune a trading post of that nation. Fort Wayne continued as a military post until 1S19, and until the removal of the Mia- mis and Pottowattomees in 1S4I, was resorted to by them for the disposal of their furs and to spend their annuities. It is now one of the most flourishing towns in the State, and contains about 6,000 inhabitanl-s. In 1 ^40 it did not contain more than 1,600 inhabitants. The Wabasli and Erie Canal gives it access to the Wabasli Valley and the Ohio r. on the one hand, and the Mauinee Valley and Lake Erie on the other. Railroads, also, are being constructed to Lake Erie and central Ohio; also to Chicago, on Lake Michigan, and southward to the Ohio r. Several plank-roads also extend into the interior. The surrounding country is one of the best farming sections, and produces abundance of grain and provisions. With these advantages of travel and transport, it must become a centre of a vast commerce, and in time a populous city, through which tho products of a wide territory must p.ass for a market. It already contains extensive warehouses, stores, etc.. the coiio'y buildings, a United States land ofBcc, a branch of the State Bank, etc,, and has many eubstimtial brick dwelUngs. All the principal a'3T FOR FOX religious denominations have churches in the place, and I there are several first-rate academies and schools, among which may be mentioned the Methodist Female College, and a Catholic institution under the Sisters of Providence. Two newspapers, the " F. "W. Bentine!" (dem.), and the "F. "W. Times" (dem.), are issued weekly. Fort Winnebago, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Wise. : at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, 83 ra. N. MadisoD. It is one of the eligibly-situated trading towns In the State, and has now about SOO inhabitants. The fort U abandoned as a military post. Fort Wolcott ; a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Newport, li. I. : Int. 41° 80' N., and long. 71° IS' W. FoET Wood : a IT. S. military post. Department No. 3, Eastern Division, liedlow's Island, Harbor of New York, N. r.: lat. 40° 42' N., and T40 02' W. long. This island fortification has for many years been the chief Uecruiting Depot of the United States army, and at various times it has had over a thousand men under drill and subject to draft. Between 3,000 and 4,000 recruits are annually passed through this "gateway to glory.'' Fort Wood: a U. S. niilitar)- post, Department No. 5, Western Division, New Orleans, La. FoETv Fort, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn. : 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. FoEWARDSTowN, p. v., Somcrsct county, Penn. : 123 in. W. by S. Harrisburg. FosTKR, t. and p. v., Providence co., P. I. : IS ra. W. Providence. Drained by head branches of the N. fork of Pawtuxet r., which afford water-power. Surface rough ; BOil indifferent The v. is located in the N. part of the town. In the town there are several furnaces, cotton and woolen factories, and numerous mills. Pop. 1,932. FosTEE, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 67 m. N. E. Frankfort. FosTKE Centre, p. v.. Providence co., P.L: 4S m. W. Providence. FoSTEEDALE, p. V., Sullivau counfj, iV". Y. : 92 m. S. W. Albany. FoBTERiA, p. v., Blair co,, Penn.: on the line of the .Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania K. li., 123 m. fi"om Harrisburg. Fostke's, p. c, Tuscaloosa co., J At. ; on the W. of Black Warrior r., 93 m. N. W. Montgomery. Fostee's, p. o., Marion co., III. : 7S m. S. S. E. Springfield. Foster's Crops Koads, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 95 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Foster's Fork, p. o.. Prince Edward co^Tirg. : 62 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Foster's MiLLfl, p. o., Seneca co., O?iio: 93 m. N. by W. Columbus. Foster's Mills, p. o., Johnson county, Tnd. ; 29 m. S. Indianapolis. Fo8TERviLLE,p. V., Cayuga county, K. Y. : 148 ra.W. by N. Albany. '^ Fosteevtlle, p. v., Kutberford co., Tenn.: on the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga P». K., 45 m. S. E. Nashville. FocNDEYViLLE, p. V., Columbia co., Penn. : 11 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Fountain county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 890 sq. m. Drained by Coal and Shawanee creeks, tributaries of Wabash r. Surface mostly level ; on the S. and centre undulating, and variegated with forest and prairie. Soil a black loam, mixed -wilh sand, and very pro- ductive; clays prevail in the S. Crain, flour, and pork are the staples. Coal an'l iron ore are abundant, and manufac- tures engage much attention. Farms 1.857; manuf IfS; dwell. 2,251, and pop.— wh. 18.201. fr. col. 52— total 13,258. CapiUd : Covington. Public Works : Wabash and Erie Canal. Fountain, p. v., Carroll county, Ind. : 62 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 228 Fountain Dale, p. o., Adams co.. Pen?!. : 39 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Fountain Gheen, p. v., Hancock co., III.: on Decker's cr., a branch of Crooked cr. of Illinois r., S4 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Fountain Geeen, p. t., Chester county, Pemi. : 69 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Fountain Head, p. o., Sumner co., Tenn. : 31 m. N. N, E. Nashville. Fountain Hill, p. o., Ashley co.. Ark. : 182 m. S. E. Little Pvock. Fountain Hill, p. o., Greene co., K. Car. : 55 m. E. by 3. Paleigh. Fountain Inn, p. o-, Greenville district, S. Car.: SI m. N. W. Culumbia. Fountain Eun, p. c, Monroe co., Ky. : 114 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. Fountain Seeing, p. o., Wood county, Virg. : 249 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. Foltjtain Spring, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 48 m.' N. N. E. Harrisburg. On the line of the E. E. between Potisville and Lewisburg. FoL-NT^viN Springs, p. o., Wapello co., la. : 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. FotmcuE A Eenault, p. o., Washington co., 3£o. : on a cr, of Maramec r., 73 m. S. E. Jefferson City. FouEonE Dumas, p. o., Eandolph county. Ark.: on an affluent of Great Black river so called, 183 m. N. N, E. Little Eock. Four Corners, p. o., Huron co., Ohio: 89 m. N. by E. Columbus. Four Mile Beancu, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : 72 m. S. W. Columbia. Four Mil's Branch, p. o., Monroe county, Tenn. : 157 m. E. S. E.Nashville. Four Mile Grote, p. o., Lee county, PL : 131 m. N. by E. Springfield. Four Mile Peateie, p. o.,Van Zandt co., Tex.: 212 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Four Mile Prairie, p. o., Fayette co., PI. : 63 m. S. E. Springfield. FowLFR, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : 137 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatehee r. and its tributa- ries. Surface uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam. The v, lies on the S. side of the river. There are several forgea and furnaces, and numerous mills in the t., and 1,S97 in- habitants. Fowler, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by creeks of Chenango and Mahoning rivers. Pop. 1,039. Fowler's, p. o., Brooke county, Virg.: 252 m. N. W. Itichrnnnd. Fowlicr's M1L1.S, p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. Columbus. Fowlersvtlle, p. 0., Livingston co, K. Y. : a few miles W. of Genesee r., 204 m. W. by N. Albany. Fox county, /(/. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S51. Fox, p. v., Davis county, la. : T7 m. S. W. by S. Iowa City. FoxBoRouGH, t and p. v., Norfolk county. Moss. : 28 m. S. S. W. Boston. -Drained by Pumford and Cocassel rivers of Taunton r., both of which furnish mill sites. Surface uneven: soils productive. The v. lies near the centre, on the E. of a small pond. The t. has considerable manufao- tures, and 1.830 inhabitants. The Boston and Providence E.R. passes through the S. E. part of the town. Fox Chase, p. o., Philadelphia county, Penn. : 93 m. E, Harrisburg. Fox Creek, p. o., St. Louis county, J/b. ; 88 m. E. Jefferson City. FoxcRorr, t. and p. o., Piscataquis couu.j. Me. : 78 m, N. N. E. Augusta. Sebec Lake lies on its N. border, and FOX FRA Piscataquis r. on its S. border, the tributaries of ivtiieh tlrain (he interior. Pop. 1.132. Fox Geovk, p. o., Burke co.. G't. : SI m. E. Milledgcville. Fox isles, J/iV/r. ; two islands, situate a few miles S. of Great Traverse Bay. Fus Lake, p. o., Lake county, Jll.: l&T m. N. N. E. Springfield, Fox river, Jll. : a principal constituent of the Illinois r. It rises in "Wisconsin, and after passing througb a chain of small lakes near the dividing line of the State, enters Illinois and Ickes a southerly direction to the Illinois r., into which it falls :it Ottawa. Foxrivcr, Wise. (5«^NEESAn river). FoxSpiiixG, p. 0., Overton co., Tenn.: 93 m. E. by N. Nashville. FuxviLLR, p. v., Fauquier co., Jlnj. : on Rappahannock r., 02 m. N. N. W. Bichmond. In the neighborhood is a One slate quarry, and also a sulphur spring. Foy's Store, p. o., Onslow county, JV'! Car. : 114 m. S. E. Raleigh. FfiAMiNGUAM, t. and p. v.. Middlesex co., Mass. : 21 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Sudbury r.. a branch of Con- cord r., on whicU are numerous factories and mills. It has also a number of ponds. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, rium- bggo is found in the t. The v. lies on the N. side of the river, and has considerable manufactures ; and a branch of the Boston and Worcester R. R., which runs through the 6. part of the t., terminates here; and annther branch ter- mmates at Saxonville, a flourishing village to the N. E. of tJie principal village. The t. cunlains 4,2S5 inhabitants. Fkancesville, p. v., Northampton co., ^V. Car. : S-J m. N. E. Raleigh. Frakciscu, P.O., Stokes co., N. Car.: 108 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Fran CISCO VTLLE, p. v., Jackson co., Mich. Francis Crebk, p. o., JIanitowoc co., Wise. : 110 m. N. E. Madison. Feancistown, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., N. ITamp. : 24 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Piscat.iquog river and its branches. Surface rough ; soil generally stubborn ; but there is much fertile intclvale lauil. The v. is located on the 6. E. side of a large pond, and has several mills and stores. Pop. of 1. 1,114. Francistille, p. v.. Crawford co., Gn. : on the Knox- ville and Talbotton Turnpike. 5S m.W. S.W. Milledgeville. Feanconia, t. and p. v., Grafton co., iVi I/amp. : 03 m. N". by W. Concord. Drained chiefly by the S. branch of Lower Ammonoosuc r., on which are extensive iron-works and numerous mills. A branch of Merrimac r. also lias its rise in a pond, and flows S. Mountain is the prevailiiig ob- jecliou in the scenery. Profile Mountain, a bare, rugged summit, 1,000 feet high, when viewed from the N., presents a striking profile of the human countenance. The whole region is wild and picturesque. Iron ore, of fine quality, is found in the t., and has been manufactured for the past fifty years. The village lies on the N. side of the Ammo- noosuc branch. Pop. of t. ."34. Francosia, p. v., Putnam co., O/iio : on tlie W. side of Big Auglaize r., opposite the mouth of Blanchard's Fork, lOSm. N. W. Columbus. FftANCoNiA, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : S4 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by luiUan, Pike, and Shippack creeks, and by the N. E. branch of Perkiomen cr. Surface level; soil red shale. It is an agricultural t, and has 1,263 inhabitants. Frankforp, p. v., Pike co., ^fo. : on a cr. of Salt r. of the Mississippi, 73 m. N. E. JelTerEon City. FaiXKioRD, p. b., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on Tacony cr., 5 m. X. K. Philadelphia, 97 ni. E. Harrisburg. It is a fiiiiiriihing town, and has several factories and mills. Pop. 5,34G. A newspaper, the " Fraukfurd Herald" (neutral), is published weekly. Fkankfoed, p. v.. Greenbrier co., Virg. : on Thunder- gap cr. of Greenbrier r., 162 m.W. by N. Richmond. Pop. about 200. Frankfort, p. v., Franklin co., TIL : on Ewing's fork of Big Muddy r., 137 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It has several mechanic shops aud stores, and about 3uO inhabitants. Frankfort, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., /;jf7. ; on the W. side of Prairie cr. of the S. fork of Wild-c^it r., 41 m. N. N.W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, a jail, 5 churchea, and S or 10 stores. Pop. .5>*2. Frankfort, p. city, and cap. Franklin co., A'//-, and cap. of the Stale: on the E. side of Kentucky r.. f.2 m. above its confluence with the Ohio r., in lat. 38° 14' N., and long. 34° 40' W.— 551 m.W. by S. WashingU^n, D. C. The river, here eighty yards wide, winds through a deep limestone valley, on a plateau of which the city is built, and opposite to and connected with it by a chain bridge, is South Frank- fort, its suburb. Behind the city the land rises abruptly 150 to 200 feet to the general level of the country, from which elevation the v.illey scene is extensive, and full of picture. Heavy rains frequently cause the river to rise 50 or 60 feet above its ordinary level. The river, the navigation of whicft has been improved by locks and dams, is regularly navi- gated to Frankfort by steamboats of considerable burden, and an extensive commerce, supported by a fine country neighboring on the banks of the Kentucky, centres at this point. The city is also connected with the Ohio by a rail- road to Louisville, and there is a railroad to Lexington, at whii-'h place other railroads diverge to IheN. and N. E.,and also to the S.. whence they are continued to the Atlantic cities, aud to those of the Mississippi ;ind Gulf of Mexico. Frankfort is a well-built and compact place; the streeL'i are regular and wide, and many of the houses and public build- ings of brick and white marble. Of the latter material, M hicli is found abuiulanlly in all this region, the Slatfl House is built: it is a splendid edifice, 86 by 54 feet, with a Ionic portico in front, and a lighted cupola on the top. The State Penitentiary is also located here, and among its other buildings are tlie court-house, the county jail, a market, etc. Its public press consists of 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi- monthly, and 1 monthly publications, viz., the "Common- wealth" (whigl. daily and weekly; the **01d Guard ;" the "■Kentucky Yeoman" (dera.). and the "Champion of Re- form" — all weekly ; the '' Ecclesiastical Reformer," semi- mc»ntlily ; and the " Methodist Monthly Magazine," month- ly. The manufaclures of the city are various and extensive, and ships of considerable burden have been built here, and floated down the river to New Orleans. The city was founded in 17S6, and was made the seat of government in 17!>2. In 1310 it had 1.099 inhabitants; in 1320, 1,679; in 13.30. 1.630 ; in 1340, 1,917 ; and in 1S50, 4,372. Frankfort, t. and ji. v., Waldo co., Me. : 51 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained iiy Marsh r. of the Penobscot, the latter forming the E. boundary, and affording a navigable chan- nel tlirougliout the year. Marsh r. supplies good water- power, and is the seat of numerous mills. The v. lies oa Marsh Bay, which sets up from the Penobscot. The t h;is an extensive lumber trade, anugh it from the N. These streams afford immense water-power, which is used extensively for manufacturing purposes. Surface di- versified by hill and valley— along the Connecticut are ex- tensive meadows, and much of the soil is very fertile. It has also excellent pastures, on which are large numbers of live-stock. Farms 2,535; manuf. 285; dwell. 5,882, and pop._wh. 80,779, fr. col. 88— total 30,867. Capital: Green- field. Piilitic Works : Vermont ami Massachusetts R. E. ; Connecticut River R. E.; Greenfield and Korth Adams E. K., etc. FEAXKLpi county. Mm. Situate S. W., and contains 672 sq. m. Drained by Homochitto r. and its branches, and also by the head streams of AmitS r. Surface moder- ately uneven ; soils not the best, except on the margins of the rivers. Pine barrens cover a large surface. Cotton, Indian com, etc., are its staples. The streams are very favorable for mill purposes. Farms 830; manuC 5; dwell. 447, and pop.— wh. 2,540, fr. col. 14, si. 3,850— total 5,994. Capital : Meadville. Fbaxklix county. Mo. Situate E. middle, aud contains 792 sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and its principal trib- utary, the Bourbcuse ; also by numerous smaller streams falling into Missouri r., which makes the N. boundary. Surface moderately uneven, and the soil of average fertility. This is a fine mineral region, abounding in lead, iron, etc., ores wliich are extensively mined and reduced. Farms 1,096; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,925, and pop.— wh. 9,542, fr. col. 20, si. 1,459— total 11,021. Capital: Newport. PuUia Works : Pacilic E. R. Fp.ankiin county, JV. 1'. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 1,527 sq. m. Surface generally mountainous, ex- cept in the N. part, where there is considerable level or midulating lands. The soils are generally of a mixture of loam and sand, very productive. The interior is drained by the Saranac, running E. to Lake Champlain, and the Chataug.ay, Salmon, Trout, Deer, St. Regis, and Racket rivers flowing to the St. Lawrence. F.arms 1,647 ; manuf. 129 ; dwell. 4,233, and pop.— wh. 25,043, fr. col. 59— total 25,102. Capital : Malone. Public Works : the Northern (Ogdensburg) R. R. Fbanklin county. A'". Car. Situate N. middle, and con- tains 510 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Tar r., which runs through it ; the principal of these are Swift and Fishing rivers, the latter making the N. E. boundary. Surface di- versified, but generally level; soils naturally fertile, and along the streams producing fine cottoi^ and tobacco, and large crops of grain. Gold is found in several parts, and has been collected to a considerable amount. Farms 5S8 ; mairaf 25; dwell. 1,155, and pop.— wh. 5,634, fr. col. 54, sL 5,607— total 11,713. Oipitoi; Louisburgh. Public Works: Gaston and Raleigh E. R. Feanklin county, Oliio. Situate centrally, and contains 629 sq. m. Drained by Whetstone (Olentangy) and Sci..lo rivers and their tributaries. Surface low and level, some- FRA FRA times wet; soil fertile, particularly on the streams, and well cultivated, but in most parts better adapted to grazing than grain growing. Farms 2,0GG; manuf. '241; dwell. 6,701, and pop.— wh. 41,310, fr. col. 1,600— total 42.910. Oij^ ital: Columbus. J^uhlic U<>;^--«; Ohio Canal; Columbus and Xenia I^^. I!. ; Cleveland and Columbus K. K. ; Central Ohio l;. K. ; Columbus and Bellefontaine R. U., etc. Franklin county, Peyui. Situate S. middle, and contains 734 sq. m. Drained by the Cont-oocheague and Conedog- winit creeks and their branches, which furnish extensive water-power. It lies in tbe Killatinny Valley — the great limestone valley of the State, and is traversed by South Mountain and Tuscarora or Cove Mountain. Iron ore is abundant, is extensively mined and reduced, and while marble of a coarse texture exists, underlying the hilly re- gions. Farms '2,24T; manuf. 455; dwell, 6,690, and pop. — wh..S7,956, fr. col. 1,94S— total 39,904. Capital: Chambers- burg. J'ublic Wbr^s: Franklin li. li. Feanklin county, Term. Situate S. middle, and contains 756 eq. m. Drained by Elk r. and other streams. Surfaoo hilly, being traversed by offshoots of the Cumberland Mount- ains ; soils generally fertile. It is a fine grazing ciunty, and produces the finest of grains and some cotton. Its water- power is considerable, and is used extensively for milling and manufacturing purposes. Farms 1,015; manuf. 67; dwell. 1,63S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. col. 49, si. 3,623— tolflll3,7CS. a/i3(7rt/; Winchester. Public Tlor^s.-Nash- Tille and Chattanooga li. E., etc. Feanklin county, Verm. Situate N. W., and contains 5SG sq. m. Lake Champlain forms its ^Y. boundary, and Uic Canada line its limit on the N. Surface hilly in the E., on the lake level ; soil fertile, and adapted alike for grain and grazing. Drained by Missisqu6 r. aud the Lamoille, which afford extensive water-power. At Swanlon there are quarries of fine clouded marble, which are extensively wrought and the stone exported. Farms 2,172 ; manuf. 103 ; dweU. 4,S2T, and pop.— wh. 28,500, fr. col, 36— total 2S,5S6. Capital: St. Albans. Pallic Works: Vermont Central E. E., etc. f^EANKLiN county, Tlrg. Situate S. middle, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Tig r., Blackwater r., Maggoty cr., and other affluents of Eoanoke r., which marks its N. boundary-. The Blue Eidge forms its W. limits, and is the eource of all ita streams. It is a fine agricultural county, and has a large amount of live-stock ; and gold is found at the base of the hills and on the streams. Farms 1.299; manuf. 47; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. ll.GSS, fr. col. 66, el. 5,726~total 17,430. Capital : liocky Mount. FRA^-KLIN, t. and p. o., Gloucester co.. A". Jer. : 44 m. S. Trenton. Drained by Eaccoon cr., the sources of Maurice r., and by branehes of Little Egg Harbor r. Surface level ; Boil sandy, and covered with pines. It has several glass- houses, and some other manufacturers. Fop. 2,9S4. Franklin, t. and p. v., Milwaukio county, Wise: 76 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by Eoot r., which empties into Lake Michigan at Racine. Surface level ; soil deep and fertile, and well timbered. The v. lies a little "W. of the centre. Pop. of L 1,246. Franklin, p. v., Henry co., Ala.: on the W. side of Chattahoochee r., opposite Fort Gaines. 92 m. S. E. Mont- gomery. The South-western E. E. of Georgia terminates at Fort Gaines, and will be continued hence from Franklin to Eensacola. Fkanklin, t and p. v., New London co., Conn. : 32 m. E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by Susquetonscut r., a branch of Yantic r., and Beaver Brook, all whieh afford water- power. Ghelucket r. makes its N. E. boundarJ^ Surface uneven ; soil gravelly loam. The v. lies on the New Lon- don, W'illimantic, and Ralraer R. E., 20 ra. from New Lon- don. The t. has a number of mills and minor manufactures, but is chiefly devoted to agriculture and grazing. Pop. 895. Franklin, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Ind. : on the E. Bide of Young's cr. of Sugar cr., an affluent of the E. fork of White r., 20 m. 9. by E. Indianapolis. The Madison and Indianpolis E. E, passes through the v., and the Martins- ville Branch E. E. diverges from this point. The v. is sit- uate on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and co. jail, several stores., aud 3,1G6 inliabitants. It is the seat of Franklin College, a Baptist institution ; and a newspaper, the " F. Examiner" (dcm.) is issued weekly. FnANELiN, p. v., and cap. Heard co., Ga,: on the E, sido of Chattahoochee r., 112 ra. "W. by N. Milledgeville. Ix contains a court-house, and about 30 dwellings. Franklin, p. v., Morgan county,///.; 26 m. W. S. TV, Springfield. Franklin, p. v., and cap. Simpson co., A'//. ; on t!ie W. side of Drake's *r. of Barren r., 145 m. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dweUings, The Louisville and Nashville E. E.will pass through or near this place. Franklin, p. v., and cap. St. Mtirj''s par.. La. : on the "W. side of Bayou Tech6, 52 m. S. S. W. Baton Eouge. It is a place of considerable business, and has some river and coast trade. Pop. about 600. Franklin, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me. : 91 m. E. byU. Augusta. Drained by ponds and creeks emptying into Taunton Bay, an arm of Frenchman's Bay, lying on the S. shore of the town. The v. lies near the head of the bay. Pop. oft. 736. Franklin, p. v., Holmes county, Miss. : on Big Cypress creek, 51 m. N. Jackson. Franklin, p. v., Oakland co., Jfich. : on a cr. of the N. branch of Eouge r., Q6 m. E. by S. Lansing. Franklin, t. and p. o., Howard co., J/o. ; 44 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Drained by Bonne Femme r., a tributary of Missouri r., which makes its S. boundary. There aro two villages here, Obi Franklin and New Franklin, the former lying on the N. bank of the Missouri, and the latter on Bonne Femme r., 2 m. N. of it. Franklin, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 27 m. S. "W. Boston. Drained by branches of Charles r., which marks its N. boundary, and affords good water-power. The vil- lage is situate near the centre, and is intersected by the Norfolk County E. R. The t. has considerable manu- factures, especially of straw bonnets, cotton goods, etc Pop. of t. 1,SIS. Franklin, p. v., and cap. Macon co., y. Car. : on the W. side of a S. branch of Tennessee r., 272 m. "W. S. W. Raleigh. Franklin, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., X. I/amp. : \^ m. N. by W. Concord. Drained by Pemegewassott and Win- nipiseogee rivers, which here unite and form Merrimac r. The village is situate on the Northern E. E., aud here di- verges the Bristol Branch E. E., 13 m. long. The t. has abundant water-power and some manufactures. Pop. 1,251. Franklin, t. and p. v., Delaware co.. K. Y. : 71 m.W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Oleout cr. and its tributaries, and affluents of Unadilla r. Surface broken ; soil a reddish loam. The village lies on the S. side of the creek, and contains about 600 inhabitants. The t. has numerous mills, and 3 0*7.iuhabitant^. Franklin,!, and p. v., Warren co., Ohio: 12 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Great Miami r., on the E. bank of which the village is located, and along which the Miami Canal runs. Pop. 2,544, Franklin, p. I'., and cap. Venango co., Penn. : on the S. side of French cr., at its confluence with Alleghany r, 179 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. It contaVis a court-house, jail, etc.. four churclies, several forges, mills, and stores, and atiout 936 inbabitauts. The creek is crossed by a bridge 200 feet long, and the Alleghany r. is na\igable to this point for vessels of 60 or SO tons during half the year. Two newspapers, the "Advocate and Journal'' (neutral), and the *' Vcnangn Spectator"' (dem.), are issued weekly. A canal is jirojected to Erie, and the Alleghany Valley E. E. will probably touch on this village. 231 FRA Fkakklis, p. T., Essex co., X Jer. „„.„„! FEASKi-m, p. v., and cap. Williamson Co., Tmi.. on , Harpeth r., 19 m. S. bj- W. Kashvillc. It contains a conrt- houL etc., several stores, and about 60 dwell.ngs, and ba a newspaper, the "Western Eeview" C^'Wg). P"W-hed weekly. The KashriUe and Florence E. B. passes through ihp viilao-e. I'op. of t. 2,305. ,, , fJ^^.P.'., and cap. Eobertson Co., r«r. : on Mud «r. of Little Brazos r., 93 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Feankli-v, p. v., and cap. Pendleton eo., I"-ff..- on the ■W side of the S. branch of Potomac r., 124 ra. W. vv. Kkhmond. It contains a court-house, and other county buildings, and about 200 inhabitants. Fbakkun, t. and p. o., Franklin co^r«™..: Mm. N N.W.Montpelier. Drained by Koche'S. r. and branche of Missisqui r. Surface rough ; soil moderately fertile and adapted to grazing. The viUage lies in the N. W part of Ihet. Agriculture is the general pursuit, but there are several mills on the streams. Pop. 1,C4<3. Feanhuk, p. v., Fulton eo., Ark. : 118 m. N. Little Eock Fea>-kli>- Cestee, p. o., Lee co.. /«. ; M m. h- Io«aC.ly. Feanklin City, p. v., Norfolk Co., J/.MS. ; 2S m. S. W. ^FeTnklis College, p. o., Davidson Co., Tmn : near Ttashville. This college was founded in 1S45, and had in .650, 6 professors, 26 alumni, and SO students, with a hbrary of 8,000 volumes. „ Feanklin Coe-nees, p. 0., Erie co., Penn. : 214 m. Is. "fi . °f"™a.e, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 100 m. N. Harriiburg. Feanei-ix DKrex, p. o., Southampton CO., nrg. . 6a m. B. S. E. Eichmond. Feankld. Fuenace, p. 0., Franklin co., JV. 1.: lU m. N. Albany. ^ c. i t- Feanklin FtmnAOE, p. o., Scioto eo., Ohio : 93 ra. S. by E. Columbus. c- „ -n: Feanklin Fdexace, p. c, Sussex m.,N.Jer.. 6. m. >. '^FEASKLm Geove, p. o., Lee co., in.: at the head of Franklin cr. of Eock r. 142 m. N. Springfield. Feankliu M.LI.S, p. T., Portage eo., OMo : on Cuyahoga r 115 m N. E. by N. Columbus. The falls at this p.nnt create a great water-power. The Ohio and Pennsylvania Canal passes through the village, which contains numerous mills, and among the dwellings are many fine bu.ldmgs. Feasklis S..EINGS, p. o., Franklin co., Ga.: between the forks of Broad r., 84 m. N. MilledgeviUe. FEAKKi-m SWABE, p. V., Columbiana eo., Ohw: at the junction of Cherry and Middle forks of Little Beaver r, 114 m E N. E. Columbus. It contains several large mills and factories, and ha3 about 800 inhabitants. The Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. passes through the viUage, Go m. from Pittsburg. i„ . „„ Feakkli-ngtos, p. v., and cap. Washington par., Zn. . on . Uie E. side of Bogue CTiitto, CO m. E. N. E. Eaton Eonge. FEANKI.ISGTON, p. V., Henry co., Ky. : 26 m. N. W. Frankfort. Fbaxklisoton. N. N. E. Ealeigh. Fb.^skllxgtoI5 W. 8. W. Albany. i.„ e s W Feankusgion, p. v., York Co., Pmn. : 15 m. S. b. ^\ . Harrisburg. FKANKUNTaLLE, p. V., CarroU co.. Ma. Feai,-klixtii.le, p. v., Eandolph eo., K. Car. : 72 m. Ti\ . Feakklinville, p. v., Gloucester co., K Jer.: 44 m. .. Trenton. i \r i* ■ FEASKUH^niLE, t, and p. v., Cattaraugus CO., A 1 • ■ 234 m W S. W. Albanv. Drained by Ischua and Wcat Valley creeks. Surface undulating; soil, clay and loam. The v. lies in the N. E. part of the town. Pop of t. l.TOi,. 232 p. T., Franklin Co., A*. Car.: 87 m, , T,. v., Schoharie county, K J' : 48 m FRE FBA^-KSTOw^■, t and p. b., Blair county, -?«'«■■ .^f™' W by K. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Juuiata r. ,, Surface mountain and valley ; soil g™""!'*' 6"°*'-'" "^f valleys calcareous loam. The borough lies 2 m_N llolh- davsb«r.», and contains about 450 inhabitants. The t haa se;eral furnaces, etc., and 1,649 inhabitants. Feasksville, p. v., Claiborne par.. La.: 208 m. N.W. ''"r., p. v., Korthampton CO., Yir,. : at the head of Naswadey cr., 1S2 m. E. Ealeigh Feantzdale, p. v., Ulster co., A'. T.: 6S m. S. S. w. Albany. „ -, „ r q F Feazee, p. 0., Chester county, P«m. ■• il m. E. 8. t. "FBlzBvfBUEOH, Muskingum county, OMo: on the Ohio Canal, 5S m. W. N. W. Columbus. ,ai m N E Fbease-s Stoee, p. o.. Stark co., OMo: 104 m. N. E. 't™cA,p.v.,Eentco.,I..Z.:ontheK.sideof Sim:rLland!l6s' m. S. E. HiHeageville. Here are he ruins of a fort built by Gen. Oglethorpe in 1,36. The vU la»-e contains about 20 dwellings. . . ecn Fe^^o" BicK county, JW. Situate N. E.. and contains 560 so m Drained by Monocacy r. and Catoctmcr. affluent of momac r. Surface undulating-in the W. South Monnt- a n anTits otTshoots render it somewhat hilly and broken; sSs various-in some parts decomposed slate, in others red sta irand in others of limestone formation. Its agrlcu^ urt Opacities are excellent, and it has extensive foresta of oak, hickorv, chestnut, locust, ash, etc. Its geology s of the Primary era; its principal rocks quartz, sandstone. Sue rte, dolomite, etc.. and there is a fine white marble to nd in the county. Copper, iron, manganese ores, and harvtes abound. Flouring mills, tanneries, smi heries, boo an shoe factories, woolen mills, etc., constitute its prmeipal nlstrial establishments ; of flouring "»" ^-^J- •^' ^f a^i J:- Frederick m- P^^^ "''"*'•• ^'^""'"^'^ "'"' OhioE.E.; Frederick Branch EE. ._^ Feedeeick county, Ii/l/. Situate in. r.., 4S0 so m. Drained by Opequan, Back, and Sic p cr afflu n s of Potomac r. Surface diversified by lulls and v™ikvs and soil of average produeliveness-in some parts '"necially along the rivers, very fertile. Iron ore, potters .^ etc.! are abundant, and there are several extensive m- d 1 ; a stablishments in various parts. The s-ams afford fl e "'acr-power, which is extensively used for mill ug pur- „! F-frms 1 025- manuf. 89; dwell. 2,325. and pop.-- Tvh 10 76" "r col 12, si. 2,294-total 15.975. CapUaU \ r. Tni MCA'N , and long. 7i°l5 vv. ii is a r^rtrle, a substantial buihiing, the county jail, and othe uublc offices; 17 churches, some of them spacious and of fl e Irrt^eture ; several literary and scientific institutions and bo^000d;vellings,mos,lyofbrickorstone audniany I, Ihem elegant, and 6,028 iidi^Uants, o ;;^^^- „,riand only having -^ >— ^ ^^ d n's Collete, S:;::;in lSo;U?i:e:t;'or Eoman CaOiolic InstU ,S--^:r:brr'r:^^=---- FRE FRE more and Ohio R. R. The valley of Monocacy r. ia equally remarkable for its beauty, its rich agricultural resources, and ita mineral wealth. Frederick is the depdt ol" this dis- trii.'t, and has a large commerce. Kumerous manufactures are carried on, and ul^o a larc;e wholesale and retail trade. Fr.EDEKiCK, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : on a branch of Mahoning r., 12S m. N. E. Columbus. Fkedebick, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 74 m. E. byN. llarrisburg. Fredekick^bcrgh, p. v., Washington co., Irid. : on Great Blue r., 6S m. S. Indianapolis. It is a pleasant village of some 100 or 120 inhabitants. * Feederickskurgu, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : on Salt cr., 96 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several mills and fac- tories, numerous mechanic shops, and about -IGO inhabitants. FEEDEKiCKSHUP.Gn, p. V., Osagc CO., Mo FuEDEBicKSBi-EGH, p. V., Lebanon co., Penn. : 39 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Pop. 897. FBEDEiuciiSBURGH, p. V., aud Cap. Gillespie co., Tex. : on Barron's cr. of Pedcruales r., 73 m. W. Austin City. FREDWticKeBL'p.GH, p- b., Spotlsylvauia co., H/v- ■' on the S. W. side of liappahannock r., below the falls and at the head of navigation, 110 m. from its confluence with Chesa- peake Bay, 60 m. N. Richmond. Lat. 880 34' N., and long. 770 3S' W. The city is surrounded by hills, and is laid out with great regularity. It has a court-house, jail, and public offices ; several factories and mechanic shops, and numerous wholesale and retail stores. It exports immense amounts of tobacco, grain, and corn, and has a flourishing Internal trade. It has one daily newspaper, the " Virginia Whig;" two semi-weeklies, the "Democratic Recorder" (dem.), and the " F. News" (whig), both of which issued weekly editions; and one weekly, the " Christian Banner," a religious publication. The falls of the Rappahannock, in the vicinity, afford good water-power; and the city is sup- plied with excellent water fi-om the river in pipes laid by a joint-stock company. The city was named in honor of Prince Frederick, the father of George III. In 1S30 it bad S,30T inhabitants; in lS-10, 3,974; and in 1S50 about 4,0G2. The Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R. passes through the city. Fkede KICKS HALL, p. v., Louisa CO., Virff. : 31 m. N. W. Richmond. The Virginia Central R. R. passes through the Tillage. Feedeeicksville, p. v., Schuyler co., III.: 176 m. N. Springfield. Fkederickton, p. v., Marion co., lU. : on Skillet fork of LilUe Wabash r., 93 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Feedericktown, p. v., Washington ox, Ki/. : on Beech Fork, 43 m. 3. W. FrankforL Fredeeicktowx, p. v., Madison co., Jfo.: on a branch of St. Fran9ois r., VIG m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Immense mining operations are carried on in the surrounding country. Fkedeeicktown. p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on Vernon r., 42 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. The Columbus and Lake Erie R. R. passes through the village, 30 m. from Newark. P. 712 Fekdekicktown, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 1S4 m. W. Harrisburg. Feedon, p. v., Sussex co., J^, Jer. : 53 m. N. by W. Trenton. Fekdonia, p. T., Chambers co., Ala.: on a creek of Chattahoochee r., 71 m. N. E. Montgomery. Frei>o>ia, p. v., Crawford co., 7m?. .- on a high bluff at the lower end of the Horse Shoe Bend of the Ohio r., 106 m. S. by W.' Indianapolis. It is about 4 m. below Loveu- worlh, and contains about 300 inhabitants. Feefjonia. p. T., Caldwell co.. Ay..- on Livingston's cr. of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Fredonia, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 4S m. S. E. Lansing. Fbedonia, p. v., Rusk co., Ttve. : 226 m. N. E. Austin City. Feidosia, p. v., Chautauque co., y. Y. ; on Canadaway cr. of Lake Erie, 3 m. S. from Dunkirk and 27S m. W. by S. Alliany. It contains several mills and factories, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The stores, hotels, streets, and public buildings are lighted by a '• natural gas" issuing from the bed of the creek. Several lighthouses on the lake shore aro also lighted by the same carburelted hydrogen, which bums as brUliantly as coal or rosin gas. The "F. Courier" twhig) ia published weekly. This is a pleasant and thriving village. Feedonia, t. and p. 0., Washington co., Witc. : 70 m. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie r. and ita tributaries. Pop. 672. FuEDOXiA, p. v., Licking co., Ohio : 27 m. N. E. Columbus. Fredonia, p. v., Williamson co., III. : on the N. side of Big Muddy r., 136 ra. S. S. E. Springfield. Fkedonia, p. v., Montgomery eo., 7'emi. : on a creek of Cumbcriand r., ;34 m. N. W. Nashville. Frei>onia, p. v., Macon couuty, Ga. : 76 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Free Beidge, p. o., Cass co., Gu. : on Etowah r., V2'£ m. N. W. MilledgeviUe. Freehubgu, p. v., Union co., Penn.: 49 m. N. N W. Harrisburg. FEEEDENSBiTEGn, p. v., Schuylkill CO., Penn. : 47 m. N. E. llarrisburg. Feeedum. p. v., Keokuk co., Ia. : 73 m. S. Iowa City, Feeedom, p. v., Owen co., Ind. : on the W. fork of White r., 50 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Freedom, p. v., Sauk county, THsc. ; on the N. side of Earaboo r., 3S m. N. W. Madison. Freedom, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 51 m. N. W. Annapolis, Fei:i;dom, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo.: S6 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. FREEDoa, t. and p. v., Waldo county, Me. : 27 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface level ; soil fertile. The village is called S. Freedom, and is a small agricultural setaeroent. Pop. of t. 94S. FuKEDOM, t. and p. v., Carroll co., J^. Hamp.: '46 m. N. N. E. Concord. Ossipee Lake borders it on the S., and receives its drainage. Surface uneven ; soil of average fer- tility. The village is located at the outlet of the lake, on the N. sitle of Ossipee r. Pop. of t. 910. Freedom, t. and p. 0., Cattaraugus co., A' Y. : 232 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Clear and other creeks of Cattaraugus cr. Surface level ; soil, gravelly loam, fertile. Sandusky and Chelsea are villages in this t. Pop. in 1850, l,6-»2. Freedom, t. and p. 0., Portage co., Ohio : 12S m. N. E, Colunil>us. Drainage imperfect. Surface level, and in some parts wet ; soil fertile. Pop. 996. Freedom, p. b., Beaver co., Penn. : on the right bank of Ohio r., 2 ni. K. of Beaver r. confluence, l'^2 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. The Ohio aud Pennsylvania R. R. passes through it, 23 m. fVom Pittsburg. It is pleasantly situate on rising ground, and has many facilities for river commerce. Engines and boilers are made here, and steamboats of large size are built. Pop. 524. Fkeedom, p. v., La Salle county, III.: 192 m. N. E. Springfield. Freedom Plains, p. v., Duchess co., K. Y.: 07 m. S, Albany. Feeeuold, t,p. v., and cap. Monmouth co.. i^'i t/^/-. ; 51 m. E. by N. Trenton. Surface wet ; soil, sandy loam and well cultivated. The village contains a court-house, county jail, and other public ofBces, several stores, and about 300 in- habitants. The Battle of Monmouth, a hard flglit of the Revolution, occurred here 2Slh June, 177S. The village has three periodicals^ the "Seminary Advocate" (educational), the " People's Advocate" (dem.), and " Young America" (whig), all issued weekly. There are in the t. numer- ous distilleries, grist and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc., and 2,633 inliabitanls. Freehold, p. v., Greene co., K Y. : on Catskill cr., 26 m. 233 I FRE B. Vi. AI!>any. It contains about 80 dwellings and 200 inhabilaiils. Fbeel, p. o,, Polk CO., la. : 118 m. W. Iowa City. Fkeeland. p. 0., Baltimore co., Md. Freeland, p, o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 43 m. N. Harrisiburg:. Fkeei.and'8, p. 0., Muskingum CO., Ohio: 73 m. E. Goiumbus. Freeman, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 44 m. N. N-W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r,, on which also the village is located. Pop. 762. FKEEMANsBiTtGH, p. V., Northampton co., P&tm.: 87 m. E. N. E. llarrisburg. Freeman's Landing, p. o., Hancock co., Virg. : on the Ohio r.. 264 m. N. "W. Eicbmond. Freemansville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga. : 109 m. N. W. Milledgfvillc. Freemanton, p. v., Effingham co., ///. .* on a branch of Little "Wabash r.. 71 m. S. E. Springflelii. Freeo, p. o., TVasliita co., Ark.: 09 m. S. by E. LilUe Rock. Freeport, p. T., Shelby co., Jnd. : on the W. side of Blue r., 24 ni. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Freeport, p. v., and cap. Stejihenson co., IlL : on the S. side of Pccatonica r., 16S m. N. Springfield. It is a flourishing V. of 1,436 souls, neighbored by fine mineral 09 w<'ll as agricultural lands, must eventually become an Important place. Two newspapers, the " F. Journal" (whig), end the "Prairie Democrat," are published weekly. The Galena Branch of the Central Illinois B. R. passes througli tlie village, and is here intersected by the Galena and Chi- cago Union R. E., which lines connect it with Galena on . the W., Chicago on the E., and Cairo on the S. of the State. Freei'Ort, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 87 m. B. S. W. Augusta, at the head of Casco Bay. The village Is pleasantly situate, and has a small harbor, with some navigation and ship-building. The town is almost entirely agricilltnral, and has 2,629 inhabitants. FREEroHT, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: on Big Stilhrater cr. of Tuscarawas r., 94 m. E. by N. Columbus. The Stillwater Is boatable to this place, and at its mouth, 20 m. distant, connects with the Ohio Canal. The village contains numer- ous warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about GOO Inhabitants. In the t. of the same name there are several flouring mills and other manufacturing establishments. Fkbf.i'Ort, p. b., Armstrong co., Pnin. : at the confluence of Buffalo cr. with Alleghany r., Mrl m. W. by N. Harris- burg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes this village, crossiog the creek by an aqueduct. The village contains G or 7 churches, of various denominations, numerous mills, fac- tories, and mechanic shops, and aboutl60 dwellings. Pop. 1,07.% Fbeepoet, p. v., "Wood county, Virg. : 252 m. N. "W. Eiehmond. Freesuade, p. o., Middlesex co., Tirg. : 48 m. E. by N. Eichmond. Freestone county, TfiO'. Sitiiatc centrally on W. bauk of Upper Frenchy r., and contains about S60 sq. ra. Erected since 1S50. C'tpitfil: Freestone. Freetown, t and p. o., Bristol co., 3fass.: 43 m. S. Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r., which makes the "W. boundary. Surface level: soil, light and sandy. The t. has some manufactures, and the New Bedford and Taunton B. B. passes through it. Pop. 1,1)15. Fkeetown, p. v., Jackson co., I/ui. : on a head branch of Salt cr.. 53 m. S. Indianapolis. Freetown Corners, p. v., Covirllandt co., A' T.: on a creek of Tioughnioga r., 113 m. 'W. Albany. Free Union, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 m. W. N.W. Eichmond. Fm-xenrRon, p. v., Colorado co.. Tar. : on Peeper's cr., an affluent of Cummin's cr. of Colorado r., 80 m. E. S. E. Austin City. 234 FRE Fremont county, Ta. Situate in the S. W. comer of the State, and contains 496 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Nish- nabatona r. and Keg'cr., affluents of the Missouri r. Sur- face an extended prairie, except near the Missouri, which marks its "VV. border, where the land is somewhat broken. The soils are fertile and among the best of the State- Farms 105; manuf. 0; dwell. 222, and pop.— wh. 1,244, fr. coh 0— total 1,244. Capital: Sidney. Fremont, p. v., Pontotoc co., Misft. : 156 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Fremont, p. v., Steuben county, Ind. : 141 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Fremont, p. v., Obion county, Teim. : 152 m. W. Nashville. Fremont, p. v., Mahaska co,, fa. : on the highland be- tween Big Cedar cr. and the S. fork of Skunk r., 57 m. S. 'W. Iowa City. Fremont, p. v., Tolo co., CaU/. : on the "W. side of Sacra- mento r., opposite the mouth of Feather r., 62 m. N. E. Yallejo. Fremont, p. v., and cap. Sandusky county, Ohio : on the W. hank of Sandusky r., 96 m. N. by W. Columbus. To this point the r. is navigated by small steamers. The v. contains the court-house, etc., several warehouses, stores, and mechanic shops, and about 1,492 inhabitants. It is built on the site of old Fort Stonington. The Cleveland, Nor- walk, and Toledo E. E. intersects this place. Fremont, p. o., Itawamba county, J//*a. ; 172 m. N. E. Jackson. Fremont, p. v., and cap. Cedar co.. Mo. : on an elevated site between Cedar creek and Sac river, lOS m. S. W. Jeff'erson City. Fremont, p. o., Sullivan county, N. Y. : 87 m. S. W. Albany. Fremont, p. v., Shiawassee county, Mich. : 23 m. N. E. Lansing. Fremont, p. c, Brown county, Wise. : 118 N. N. E. Madison. French Broad, p. o.. Buncombe co., X. Car. : on French Broad cr., 22S m. "W. Ealeigh. French Broad river. A' Car. and Tenn.: a constituent of Tennessee r. It rises by numerous head branches from the declivities of the Blue Eidge in Buncombe co.. N. Car., and passing through a gap in the Stoney Mountains, enters Tennessee, and unites with Holston r., about 5 m. above Knoxville. It is navigable forboatsofl5 tons loDandridge. Its chief branches are tlie Nolichueky r. in the N., and Big and Little Pidgeon rivers in the S. Frbnoh Camp, p. o., Choctaw co., Mi&s. : 74 m. N. N. E. Jackson. French Creek, p. o., Knox county, Ml : on the cr. so called, 79 m. N. N. W. Springfield. French Creek, t. and p. v., flhautauque county, .v: K ; tlie southernmost t of the State, 293 m. "W. S. W. Albany. Drained by French creek. Surface hilly ; soil moist sandy loam. The v. is located on the cr. near the centre, and contains about 20 dwellmgs. In the t. there are several mills. Pop 725. French Creek, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 189 m. W. N.W. llarrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany river, one of which, named as above, passes through the N. E. part of the t. Surface level ; soil clay and loam, of moderate fertility. It has several tanneries and mills, and 1,126 inhabitants. French Creek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : on a cr. of the E. fjrk of Monongahela r.. 176 ni. W. N. W. Richmond, This is an agricultural settlement, ohieflv of New Enghmd people, and contains about 80 scattered dwellings, various mechanic ehops, etc. French creek, K T. and Pfirm-. : rises in Chautauque co., New York, and passes into Pennsvjvania through Erie, Crawford, and Morcer counties into Venango co., in which last it joins the Alleghany r, at the borough of Franklin, FRE FUL after a enurse of about 100 miles, for one half of which dis- tance it is boat able, FuENcu Gbant, p. 0., Scioto CO., Ohio: on the S. E. part of the CO., near Ohio r., 95 ra. S. by E. Columbus. yiiENXH GiiOTE, p. o., Bureau co., IlL: on a branch of Spoon r., 103 m. N. by W. SpringfieM. French Grove con- tains much lino timber, surrounded by rich rolling prairies. Fiiiiscu Island, p. v., Spencer co., Ind. : on the Ohio r., at the head of French Island, 131 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It is a small v. of some 10 or 12 dwellings. Fr.KNcn Lick, p. o., Orange co., Ind. : 79 m. S. S. W. ludiauapolis. Fuencjiman's bay, Me. : this important arm of the Atlan- tic is bounded W. by Baker's, one of the Cranberry islands, and K. by a peninsula of the mainland, on the \V. side of which is Musquilo Harbor. The distance from Baker's Island to Skuttock Point is 10 m., and its depth is 20 m. It receives many valuable streams, and contains a number of excellent harbors and beautiful islands. It is easy of access, never obstructed by ice, and is one of the best re- treats in a storm on the American coast. Fkeixou Mountain, p. o., Warren county, 2s\ T.: GS m. N. N. W. Albany. Fr.ENcn's Cocner, p. o., Kennebec co., JA'. Frknch's Mills, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : US m. N. by W. llarrisburg. Frencuton, p. v., Lewis co., Virg.: 1"4 m. "W^. N. W. Eichmond. " FiiENcuTowN, p. o,, Ilunterdon county, N. Jer. : 29 m. N. by W. Trenton. French Village, p. v., St. Clair co., El. : about G m. E. Blinoistown, and 90 ni. S. by W. Springfield. Fkenoiiville, p. v., Clearfleld co., renn. : 108 m. N. W. IlaiTisburg. FlTEWSBiniGn, p. v., Chautauque co., iV. Y.: on the E. side of Couewango or., 274 m. W. S. W. Albany. FREYsuusn, p. 0., Montgomery co,, Ji. Y. : 47 m.W. N-AV. Albany. Friar'b Point, p. o., Coahoma co., 3Ilss. : 138 m, N. byW. Jackson. Frick'h Gap, p. o., Walker county, Ga. : 187 ra. N. W. Milledgeville. FiuBDENSviLLE, p. V., Lehigh CO., Penn, : 77 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Fkibnufield, p. o., Marion dist., S. Cat: : 97 m. E. N. E. Columbia. Friend's, p. o., Chautauque co., N'. Y. Friend's Geove, p. o., Charlotte co., Vtrff, : 74 m.W. S.W. Eichmond. Frirndsdip, p. v., Sunipter county, Ga. : 97 m. S. "W. Milledgeville. FaiENDSuip, p. o., M'Etonough co., lU.: 73 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Friendship, p. vn Anne Arundel co., M7. Fhiendsuip, p. v., Fond du Lac co.. Wise. : 61 m. N. E. Madison. Friendship, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me.: 36 ni. S. E. Augusta. Muacongar Bay bounds it on the W., and the Atlantic on the S., giving it considerable trading facilities. Several islands, ofif the coast, are included in the town. The village lies on a small estuary in the S. E., and con- tains about 20 dwellings. Pop. of t.G52. Fbieni>ship, p. v., Guilford co., N. Cm: : 78 m. W. N.W. Eakigh. Friendsuip, t. and p. v., Alleghany county, A''. Y. : 218 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Canipan's er. of Genesee r. Surface undulating; soil, argillaceous mold. The village, on the line of the New York and Erie E. E., is a flourishing place of some 500 inlial>ilants. Pop, of t,l,(i25. Friendship, p. v., Sumter district, S. Car.: 07 m. E. S.E. Columbia. Friendship, p. o., Franklin co., Miss.: 73 m. S. S. W. Jackson. Friendship, p. o.. Dyer co., Teyjn. : 143 m.W. Nashville. Friendship, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio: SO ni. S. Columbus. Friendsville, p. v., Wabash county, IlL : 13S ni. S. E. Springfield. Friendsville, p. v., Blount county, Term. : 1G3 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Friendsville, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn. : 122 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Feisbie's Mills, p. o., Warrick county, Iiuf. : on Little Pidgeon river, about 4 m. from its m.outh, 130 ni. S. l>y W Indianapolis. Frog Level, p. o., Newberry dist., -S". Car. Fronteea, p. v., Socorro co., N'. Me^. Frontier, p. o., Clinton co., X. Y. : 154 m. N. Albany. Front Eoyal, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Vinj. : on Happy cr. of the Shenandoah r., about 1 m. from its mxjutlL It is the present terminus of the Manassas G^p II. E., which, however, it is intended to extend to Harrisburg. in Eock- ingham co. It is a pleayantly situated village, and contains a court-house and other co. buildings, 2 churches, .several stores and mechanic shops, mills, etc., and about 504 in- habitants. FROSTBtTRon, p. v., Allcghauy Co., Md.: on the National Eoad, 10 m. W. Cumberland, and 156 m. W. N. W. Anna- polis. A railroad extends hence to Cumberland, which is chiefly used for the conveyance of the coal and iron of the Frostburg mining district to that point. Frostburg is ona of the most elevated villages in the Union, being, according to Schriver, 1,792 feet above the level of Chesapeake Bay, It is the centre of a vast mining region. Frozen Creek, p. o., Breathitt co., Ky.: 102 m. S. E. Frankfort. FiuriT Hill, p. o.. Christian co. ,'Ky.: 152 m. W'. S. W. Frankfort. Fruit Hill, p. o., Vigo co., I7id. : 78 m.W. Indianapolis. Fruit Hill, p. o., Clearfleld co., Penn.: 112 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Fruit Hill, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : G7 m.W. by S. Columbia. Fruit IIill9, p. v., Warren county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. Columbus. The " Eegcnerator," a monthly periodical, is issued at this place. Frtburgh, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio : 7S ni. N. W. Columbus. FRYEBiTEGn, t. and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : Go m.W. S.W. Augusta. Drained by the Saco r., which passes through it. Surface varied ; soil is generally light, but on the river very fertile. The village, on the E. side of Saco r., is .'iituate on a beautiful plain surrounded by hills, and near it is "Loveirs Pond," celebrated in Indian warfare. Pnp. I..'i24, Fryer's liniDOK, p. o.. Pike co., Ala.: 49 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Fryer's Ponds, p. o., Burko county, Ga. : SO m. E. Milledgeville. FuLDO, p. v., Spencer county, Ind. : 122 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Fuller's Point, p. v., Coles co., ///. .' 75 m. E. by S. Springfield. Fullersville Iron Works, p. o., St. Lawrence county, N. Y.: on a branch of Oswegatchio r., 131 m. N. W. Albany. The works here are extensive, and the village contains about 400 inhabitants. Fulton cnmly, ArJc. Situate N. middle, and contains 82S sq. m. Drained in the E. by the forks of Spring and Strawberrj' rivers, aftluents of Big Black r., and in the W. by a large branch of White r. Surface diversified — in some parts broken : soils generally fertile. The streams afford many fine mill sites, and While r. is here navigable fiir boats of large size. Farms 220; manuf. ; dwell. 28S. and pop.— wh. 1,763. fr. col. 1, si. 50— total 1,819. Capital: Pilot Hill. Fulton county, IV. Situate toward the W. centrally, and contains S64 sq. m. Drained by Spoon r., Copperaa 285 FUL cr. ana othcf affluenls of Illinois r., Mhich makes its E. and S i. boundan. Surlacc undutaliiig, and consisling of praine and l.mber in about equal pro,,orlio„, ; soil, a deep black mold, very fertile. Iron ore i, abundant and ha^ dvvc 1^ 3,811, and pop.-wh. 22,492, fr. col. 16-totai 22,608 Capital: Lewjstown. J',l"T,r"'""?;^"f- •^'""'"•N. centre, and contains 867 «... l)ra,.,e,l by the tributaries of the Tippecanoe, near «h^h here ,s son.e hilly land, otherwise the surface ij level forflw ""; "'"""S- "■ ■"'• N. K. and E. there are dense ^^e^'rh '," r"^ '""'"" »'■'«'"'=■«, with occasional grmes. Ihe t,.,d,er lands are the best, being a deep black r ,; ,„'™ "'" '' '"'"'"'=""• -t'^rms TT7; ffianuf. 13; a^lLz! p' ,"" ""''•""*''• ^'^^"^ "■ ""• 2-'otal 5,9S2. iMpital: Koehester. Fulton county, K,j. Situate in S. W. corner of Ihe State and contains ISO sq. m. Brained prh.cipally by Eavou Desha cr.,and is boun.led on the \\. and N. W. bv"ihe MasKssippi r. Surface gcerally le,el; soU rich a.,d" pro- small lakes wh.ch have their outlets into the Mississippi. The agricultural products are, tobacco, the cereals, ami 17' '^^"- *:""^ 361 : manuf. 9 ; dwell. 5S«, and pop.- /■!;i;.c Horfa).- Mobile and Ohio K 1; tata^^nr ™""'>''/ ^- Siluate N. E. centrally, and con- tarns oOO sq. tn. Drained by Sacandaga r. and East Oin . acr Surface hilly, approaching to^n^ou^^fin^" iUof" tl._e valleys very fertile. Farms I,SC1; manuf. 23S; dwell 8,-36, and pop._„h. 20,079, fr. col. 92-total 20,171. fi,«. todv'l- p"t""; ?"" '*'''*•■ ^'"'^ -""i Sehenet i-ULTOx county, Wi.a Situate N. W., and contains 432 ^ " • f '■"'■x^'l ehleay by Tiffin r. and a number of other smaller tributaries of Maumee r. Surftice moderately un dwel l,.3oo, anil pop.-wh. 7,7S0 fr. col. l_total 7 781 Capual: Dover. PuUic Works: Fon Wayne, Pent burg, and Sandusky E. E., etc. ' Drained by affluenU of the Potomac and Juniata riCe" Surface hilly, with Ibrtile and extensive valleys. 1 is a fine grain and grazing eounlry, and exports largely of its erTarm,' "It" ^""■"r'™"' """---'-oal, peters c ay etc Farm 531 ; manuf. 49; dwell. 1,.383, and pop.-wh .,4,4, fr. col. 93-total 7,007. Capital: UarrisonviUe ITLTON, p. v., Hempstead co., Art. : on the N. side of ml'lV Ernie" L£ "' ''' '°""'™'^' "' *""- ^-^■™- ^ Fulton p. v., Whiti-sides Co., 11!.: on the E. side of Mississippi r., 144 ra. N. by W. Springfleld FvLTos, p. v., an^ W N., and long. 66° W. Its chief export is luml)er, ami of this material it supplies by far the greatest quantity received in England. FuNKsrowN, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. bank of Antietam cr., 55 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It is a con- siderable village, and has 193 inhabitants. Furnace, p. c, Erie co., Ohio. FuKNACE, p. o,, Berks co., Penn, Furnace Village, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : on a creek of Salmon r., AA m. W. by N. Hanford. Here are extensive smelling works, famous for tlie production of a a fine quality of iron. The ore is obtained from a bed in the W. part of the U, near the New York State line. G GAi-.niEL's Cr.KEK, p. o., Yancey co., K Car. : 212 m. "W. Kaleigh. Gaddetville, p. v., Robeson co., iV. Car. : 93 m. S. S.W. Ealcigh. Gaddisto'wn, p. v., Union co., Ga.: 133 m. N. by W. Mitledgeville. Gadfly, p. o., Barry co., Mo. : 14V m. S. W. Jefferson City. Gadsden county, Floi: Situate centrally in W. District, and cont-ains l,15ll sq. m. It extends from the Georgia line to the Gulf of Mexico, and is inclosed on the E. by Oek- Ipckony r., and in the "W. chiefly by Appalaehicola r. Dog Island, off the coast, belongs to this county. Surface gen- erally low and leve! — on the Appalaehicola r. arc hills or bluffs, and toward the S. the lands are somewhat marshy ; soils on the streams generally fertile, liut in other parts there are extensive pine ban-ens and sandy wastes. Cottoti, rice, sugar, and tobacco are grown. Farms 4S2 ; manuf. ; dwell. 6~4, and pop.— wh. 3,900, fr. col. 4, si. 4,ST9— total S,7S3. Cupittd: Quincy. Gadsdes, p. v., Cherokee co., Aiti. : 134 m. N. by E. Montgomery. GAD9DE.V, p. v., Richland dist., S. Oar. .- on the N. E. side of Cedar cr. of Congaree r., and on the line of the Colum- bia Branch R. 11.. 19 m. S. E. Columbia. Gage's Lake, p. o.. Lake county, JU.: 192 m. N. E. Springfield. Gage's Point, p. o., St. Francis co.. Ark. : 91 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Gaiianna. p. v., Franklin co., Ohio. Gailey'k Mill. p. o., Hall ci>., Ga.: 07 m. N. by W. MUle'lgcville. Gaini-jr's Store, p. o., Pike co., Ala.: about 4 ra. E. Conecuh r. and 49 S. by E. Montgomery. Gaines, t. and p. v., Orleans Co., X. Y. : 224 ra. W. by N. Albany. Drained by branches of Oak Orchard cr. of Lake Onlario. Surface generally level; soil, clayey loam, very fertile. The v. is situate on the Ridge Road, and contains about GO'i inhabitant.-*. Pop. of t. 2,722. The Erie Canal passes through the S. portion of this town. Gaines, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Peim. : 112 ra. N. N. "W. Ilarrisburg. Drained b) Fine cr., an affluent of the W. branch of Susquehanna r. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; soils of moderate fertility. It constitutes a fine grazing country and has abundance of limber. Pop. 531. Gainbs' Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 216 m. E. by N. Nashville. GAmaauoEOUOU, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., T^niu ; on the left bank of Cumberland r., 61 m. E. N. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house and other pubhc buildings, and about 300 inhabitants. Gainesbokough, p. v., Frederick co., Virg. : on & branch of Back cr. of Potomac r., 122 ni. N. N. W. Richmond. It contains several mechanic shops and about 200 inhabitants. Gaines' Caoss Roads, p. o., Rappahannock co,, VirQ.: 84 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Gaines' Landing, p. c, Chicot co., Arl: : 134 m. S. E. Little Rock. Gainestown, p. v., Clark cmnty, Ala.: 106 m. S. W. Montgomery. Gainesville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on the "W. side of Little Tombigbee r.,at the mouth of Okanoxnbec r., 112 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. The *' Republican Pilot and Sen- tinel*' (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. about 600. Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ark. : about 17 m. W. of St. Francis r. and 137 m. N. E. Little Rock. It is situate in the midst of a fine prairie country, and has a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 iiihabitanLs. Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Hall co., Ga. : on the lefl side and 3 m. E. of Chattahoochee r., 92 m. N. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. It has a court-house, jail, etc., and has several stores and mechanic shops, with about 300 inhabitants. Gainesville, p. v.. Hancock co., Miss. : 129 m. S. S. E. Jackson. It is a flourishing village, and has a newspaper, the "■ Pine Knot" (disunion), a weekly issue. GArNTSVii.LF, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Al F. ; 21y m, W. by S. All>any. Drained by Allen's and other crcrks of Genesee r. Surface undulating, sometimes hilly ; soil, clayey loam, and Ibrlile, well adapt^'d to grazing. The v., in the centre, contains several stores and about 45 dwell- ings. Pop. of t. 2,663. The Buff"alo and New York City R. R. crosses the t in the N. E., 38 ra. from Ilomellsville. Gainesville, p. v., Allan county, Ki/.: 124 m. S.W Frankfort. Galena, p. v., Floyd co., Ind. : on a branch of Indian cr., 96 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Galena, p. city, and cap. Ju Daviess co., III. : on both sides of Fever (properly Feve or Bean, or, as some have tt, Fevre. from a settler named Lc Fevrel r., 6 m. from Iho Mississippi r., and 1S3 m. N. by W. Springfield. It is the metropolis of the great lead region of northern Illinois and the commercial dep6t of an extensive and fine country, the river being navigable to this point for the largest river steamers at all seasons. Its trade extends to all the towns on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The two parts of the city (the most densely populated part being on Uie W. side of the river), are connected by bridges; it contains a court- house, jail, and other county buildings, several churches and schools, and has extensive manufactures, chiefly con- sisting of such as are incident to the peculiar business of the place. Large quantities of copper are also smelted here, and there are numerous flour and saw mills. In 1S51 it exported 33,082,190 lbs. of lead, valued at $l,4n.?51,and among its other priueipal ex'ports were flour, 39,335 barrels ; baric-y. 42,731 bushels; pork, 3,1S5 barrels; lard, 125,000 pounds; bacon, 312,56'S pounds; butter. ST,61S pounds; eggs, 22,SS0 dozen; hides and skins, 9,8iO; horses, SCO; cattle. 1.500. etc., etc. It is also a great lumber market— in the same year it receivcil 5,0So,6S4 feet Inmber, 2,470,5i)0 shingles, and timber and wood of other descriptions. Ga- lena has two daily papers, the "North-'Western Gazette" (whig), and the "G. Jeffersonlan'' (dem.)— the first named has also tri-weekly an. v., and cap. Daviess co., Mo. : on the W. side of and 1 m. from the W. fork of Grand r. of the Mis- souri, 137 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a court-house, etc., and about 800 inhabitants. Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Sumner co., Tenn, : about 8 m. N. of Cumberland r, 23 m. N. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house, etc., several eluirohes, academies, and scmin- nries, and about 1,200 inhabitanLs. A newspaper, the " Tenth Legion" (dem.\ is issued weekly. Gallatin river, JV. W. Ter. : one of the head streams of the Missouri r., rising fi-om the E. elope of the Eocky 233 Mountains, near the sources of Yellow r. \\s course is N., and uniting with Madison and JelTcrson rivers, it constitutes the Mis.souri. Gallatin VI lle, p. v., C'olumbia co., X. Y. : 43 rh. S. by E. Albany. The t. of Gallatin is drained by Jausen's cr., is somewhat hilly, and has a soil of ordinary fertility; its pop. in 1S50 was 1,5SG. Gallia county, Ohio, Situate S., and cont-ains 520 sq. m. Drained by Eaccoon cr. and several smaller tributaries of the Ohio, which river washes its E. border. Surface gener- ally hilly uud broken, and the soil, excepting that of Ibc Ohio bottr)ms, of inferior quality. Tlie eounty was settled in 1790 by Erenchmen, anrofeS!iors and a Ubrary of 4,500 volumes. Here arc published the " Western Episcopalian," a monthly religious periodical ; the " Phys- Ico-Medical Journal," a semi-monthly, and the " Universalist Advocate," also a semi-montldy. The population of the v. numbers between 400 and 500 souls. Gambli:, p. a, Jefferson co., Ga.: 6.3 m. E. Millcdgcville. Gamble's, p. o., Alleghany county, Penn.: 158 m. W. narrisburg. Gasoes, p. o., Eichland county, Oldn : on the S. side of Bhack Fork of Walhonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. G ANSEVOOET, p. V., Saratoga county, A\ i'. : 36 m. N. by E. Albany. It is a station on the Saratoga and Washington H. i;. GAr, p. o., Walker county, Ala. ; 135 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Gap. p. o., Lancaster Co., J\mn. : at the E. fork of Mine Eidge, 61 m. E. S. E. llarrisburg. Gap Civil, p. o., Ashe co.. A"". Car. : 132 m. W. by S. r.aleigh. Gap Ceeek, p. o., Knox co., Tcnti. .• ICS m. E. Nashrille. Gap Gbove, p. o., Jo Daviess co., JU. : 156 m. N. by W. Springfield. Gap Miu,"!, p. o., nalfimore CO., J/(7. AP Mills, p. o., Monroe CO., Virg. : 187 m. W. Richmond. Oarokn Geote, p. o., Decatur CO., la. : 126 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. O A EDEN Plain, p. o.,Whitcside3 Co., TU. : 143 m. N.by W. Springfield. GAEnixEp., t. and p. c, Kennebco CO., ifs.: on the W. Bid.' of Keimebec r., 12 m. S. by E. Augusta. The Cobbca- seeontco waters here enters the Kennebec and produces a water-power of great u-sefulness and extent. The mills hero in oneration aro numerous, and supply immense quantities of sawn lumber for export. Tlie village lies on the Kennebec, the site rising gently from the river, on the edge of which is the business portion. The " Keimebec Transcript" is published semi-weekly. In llie v. are nu- merous well-built dwellings, a lyceum, several churches, with stores, mechanic shoi)3, etc. Large vessels come up to this point to load, and steamboats, plying on the river, call regularly. The Kennebec and Portland It. It. passes through, touching the v. 7 m. ft-oin Augusta, and 63 from Portland. Pop. in 1840, 5,042 ; in 1550, 6,4sG. Gaedinee's bay, jV. 1". .■ at the E. end of Long Island. II Is a considerable body of water, of a somewhat circular shape, S m. in mean diameter, situate between the main- land and Gardiner's Island. GAEnLSEK's island, SulTolk Co., Jf. T. : oH the E. end of Long Island, from which it is distant some 3 or 4 m. It is about 6 m. long, and averages 2 m. wide, forming the E. boundary of Gardiner's P.ay. Gardiner's Point is a long neck of land, projecting N. This island w.-is settled in 1639 by J.yon Ganliner, a Scotchman ; his descendants still own and occupy it GARDXEn, t and p. v., Worcester county, dfnsn. : 60 m. W. N. W. lioslon. Drained by branches of Miller's river, which afford water-jjower. Surface uneven ; soil of average quality. The v. is on the Vermont and Massachusetts K. P- There are considerable manufaetiu'es in the town. Popu- lati.Mi 1,422. Gaepnt-r, p. v., Morgan county, Ohio: 67 m. E. S. E» Columbus. G ardseb's Beipoe, p. o., Martin county, A\ Car. : 92 m. E. S. E. P.aleigh. Gardner's Mllls, p. o., St Clair county, J/o. ; 97 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Gaednep-sville, p. v., Schoharie co., N. T. : on Cobble skill cr., 44 m. W. Albany. Oaeet's Feeky, p. o., Duvall Co., Flor. : 126 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. Gaklant, t and p. v., Penobscot CO., 3fe. : 6H m. N. N. E, Augusta. Drained by the head branches of Kenduskeag r. Surface v.aried ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. The v. lies in the centre. Pop. of 1. 1,200. Garland's, p. o., Albemarie co., Virg. : 72 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Gaelandtille, p. v., Jasper Co., Miss.: at the head of Tallahala cr., 61 m. E. by S. Jackson. Qaemon's. MiLiji, p. o., Cabarr-as CO., 2f. Car.: 104 m. W. 8. W. Raleigh. Gaenee'9 Ford, p. o., ClcveKind CO., N. Car. : 159 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Gaenetsville, p. v., Mead CO., 7iy. : on the S. hank of the Ohio r., 67 m. W. by 8. Frankfort. Oaeoqa, p. v., Fulton CO., N. T.: on Garoga cr. of Ma- hawk r., 46 m. W. N. W. Albany. Gaerard county, Ky. Siluate centrally, and contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Paint Lick, I'.ack, and Sugar ereek.«, and Dick's r., all aflluents of Kentucky r., which makes ils N. boundary. Surface varied ; soil very fertile. The principal productions are corn and tobacco. Farms 666 ; mannf. 21 ; dwell. 1,2,''5, and pop.— wli. 7,036, fr. col. 25, si. 8,176— total 10.2-37. 0//«*irf; Lancaster. />uWio Hbrts; Lexington nnviWn%. Puhliti Works : Charlotte and South Carolina R. R. Gaston, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on Kintabish cr. of Tom- bigbee r., 110 m. W. Montgomery. Gaston, p. v., Northampton co., N, Car. : on the N. side of Roanoke r., C6 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Greenville and Roanoke R. R., and the Gaston and Raleigh R. R. connect at this point. Gaston, p. v., Atchison county, JIo. : 215 m. N. W. JeflTerson City. Gates county, Al Car. Situate N. E., and contains 313 sq. m. Drained by Cole's and other creeks, affluents of Chowan r., its W. boundary. Surface level, and soil pro- ductive and well-wooded. Cotton, corn, and potatoes are the leading products. Farms 490; manuf. 22; dwell. 9S0, and pop.— wh. 4,15S, fr. col. 397, al. 8,871- total 8,426. Caj)- ital: Gatesville. Gates, I. and p. o., Monroe eo., K Y. : 106 m. W. N. 'VT. Albany. The Genesee r. makes its E. border. Surface un- dulating ; soil gr.iTelly, snndy, and clayey loam. It is a fine farming district, and has several manufactures, mills, etc. The t. is traversed by the railroads and canals leaving Rochester westward. Pop 2,005. Gates, p. o., Newton co.. Mo. : on the S. line of the co., 17S m. S. W. Jefferson City. Gate's Mills, p. v.. Cuyahoga county, Ohio: on Chagrin river, 133 m. N. N. E. C-olumbua. Gatesville, p. v., and cap. Gates co.. K. Car. ; on Ben- nett's cr. of Chowan r., 113 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, several mechanic shops, and about 150 inhab- itants. Gavlet Bridoe, p. v.. Fayette co., Virg.: at the falls of Great Kanawha r.. near the mouth of Gauley r., 213 m. "W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here 500 feet wide, and has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet Navigation here ceases. The V. h:is several flour and saw mills, stores, etc., and about 800 inhahitanU*. Gai'i.ey river, Virg.: a tributary of Great Kanawha r. It rises from the Greenbrier Mountains, in Pocahontas co., tnd flows \V. into Nicholas co., where it empties into the 240 ^EN Great Kanawha, a little abort the falls. Its course is through a rich agricultural region. Gaterb, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio. Gayqead, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 86 m. S.V.'. Albany. Gay Hill, p. o., Washington county, Ttw. ; 6S ni. E. Austin City. GAYLERfcviLLE, p. V., Cherokcc CO., Ala. : on a branch of Little "Will's creek, of Coosa river, 136 ra. N. N. E. Montgomery. Gaylord's Bridge, p. v., LitchQeld co., Conn.: on the Ilousatonic r. and R. R., 44 m. W. by S. Hartford, and 42 m. from Bridgeport. Gaysville, p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on White r., 34 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Geaesville, p. v.. White county, Te7in. : 83 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Geauga county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and cyntains 594 sq. m. Drained by the heads of Cuyahoga anplies of philosophical apparatus. Three newspapers are published, viz., the " G. Courier" (whig), the "G. Gazette" (dem.), and Uie "•Western Atlas" (deni.), all weekly issues. Pop. about 4.500. Geneva, t. and p. v., Ashtabula oo., Ohio: 1^3 m. N. E. Columbus. Brained by creeks of Lake Erie, which makes its N. boundary. Surface level ; soil rich and deep. The v, lies on the line of the Cleveland, Paincsville, and Ashtabula E. i:..54 m. from Cleveland. Pop. oft. 1,^5?. Gbneva, t. and p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : 53 m. S. E. Madison. Drained by creeks of Fox r. and by Duck Lake. The V. is located at the outlet of Geneva Lake, and has sev- eral mills, etc. Pop. oft. 1,533. Geneva, p. v.. Kane co., III.: on the W. side of Fox r. of the Illinois, 15" m. X. E. by N. Springfield. It is a now and rapidly-improving v., and a point of commercial im- porUinco, being the terminus of a branch of the Galena and Chicago Union K. K., 40 m. from Chicago. A newspaper, the " Western Mercury,'" is issued weekly. Pop. 911, Genct'a Bay. p. o,, Walworth co., Wise. : on a bay on the N. W. side of Geneva Lake, 56 m. S. E. Madison. Genoa, p. o.. De Kalb co.. III. : on Sycamore r., 164 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. Genoa, t and p. o., Livingston co., MicJi. : 40 m. E. S. E. IG Lansing. Drained by lakes and streams emptying into Huron river. Pop, of t.754. Genoa, p. v., Christian county, Kij. ; 172 m. Vf. S. W Frankfort. Genoa, p. v,, Walworth co.. Wife: : 5S m. S. E. Maijison. Genoa, t, and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : l-iii m.W. Albany. Drained by Big Salmon er, and its branches, and bminded W. by Cayuga Lake. The v. ha.s several manufactures, etc., and abnuiioO inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2,5it3, Genoa Cross Koads, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 17 m. N. bvE. Columbus. Gentry county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 79T sq. m. Drained by Little Platte r., West Fork of Grand r., and their branches. Surface diversified; soil of average fertility, well covered with timber, anH well watered. Farmi 444 ; nmiiuf. ; dwull. 70S, and pop.— wh. 4,195, fr. col. 3, si 50— total 4.24S. Capital: Athens. Gentry CorRX-HousE, p. o.. Gentry co.. Mo. : on the E side of the E. fork of Grand r., above the confluence of Scalp cr., 170 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Gentryville, p. v., Spencer county, Lid. : 132 m. 3. S.W. Indianapolis. Gentryville, p. v., Gentry co., Jfo.: on the E. side of the E. fork of Grand r., 1C6 ra. N. W. Jefferson City. Gentstille, p. v., Abbeville dist., ,S. Ccii: : 92 m.W. by N, Columbia. Gentsvii.le, p. v., Walton co., Ft-o:: on a branch of Cboctawatehie r., 100 m. W. N. W. Tal!ah*ssce. George lake, A'. }'. ; called, also. Lake Iloricon. It lies chiefly between Warren and Washington counties, and is elevated 243 feet above the level of Hudson river. Length 3G m. ; breadth, from 2 to 3 m., ami surrounded by lofty and picturesque hills. Its surface enbosnms as many isleta as there are days in the year — some of considerable size, and cultivated. Ijiamoud Island is celebrated for its beautiful quartz cr>'sta!s. A number of ruined forts are found on the shores of the lake, which lo the tourist recall recollectiona of troublous limes. The bed of the lake Is yellow sand, and the water is so pure and transparent that the bottom may be seen at the de])tb of thirty or forty feet, and myriads of flsh sporting in the limpid clement. The French call it Zaa ^'^(icro/nent, on account of the purity of its waters. SiUmon- trout, pike, pickerel, perch, silver and brook trout, etc., are taken in abundance. The lake has its outlet into Lake Champlaid at Ticonderoga. A tourist, whose admiration of the scenery in the vicinity of Lake George is apparent, makes the following note of his impressions : '' Time would, fail us to enumerate the points of attraction on the way. The remains of Fort George and Fort William Henry at the head of the lake, must not be passed without a visit ; nei- ther must you leave the Lake House, till in the ciuiel hour of twilight, the old rusty gun has been flred, and you have beard the echo which is sent back from one mountain-top to another, till the sound seems to have died away, and then b.ave it revive and reverberate again, as though another explosion had suddenly taken place. Every foot of the ground along the shore, and even the water iU-elf, possesses vast interest. The bed of the lake is a handsome, yellow- ish sand, and the water is so pure and transparent as to rcnd'T th'j. bottom visible from thirty to forty feet. Here the delicious salmon-trout, that weigh from twelve to twen- ty pounds, are seen in their folicksome mood, sporting mth each other, and inviting the bait of the angler." The Lake House is a noted traveler's r^^st in the village of Caldwell, a pleasant place situate at the base of the lake. Tourists reach this from Albany r /a railroad to Fort Edward, and tlicncc by an excellent road through Glens Falls Village, etc. During the summer season a steamboat carries travel- ers from Caldwell ti> the bead of the lake, where stages ara in' readiness to proceed on to the steamboat landing at Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain. George's Ckbek, p. o., Masaac co., III. : on a branch of Great Bay cr. so called, 176 m. S. 8. E. Springfleld. 241 GEO George's Ceeek, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 123 m. E. Frankfort, George's Mili£, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Ilamp. George's Store, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : 78 m. S. by E. Nashville. Georgesville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on theE. side of Little Darby or., 13 m. S. W. Columbus. Georgetown district, S. Car. Situate E., and contains 6S3 sq. m. Drained by Santee r., its S. boundary, Black, Great Pcdee, and Waccamaw rivers — the last two emptying Into Winyaw Bay, which lies wholly within it. Surface low and level. Though marshy in parts, it is very fertile. Eice is the great staple. Corn, potatoes, and cotton are grown largely. Farms 550; mauuf. 6; dwell. 575, and pop. -wh. 2,193, fr. col. 201, «1. 18,253— total 20,G47. Capital : Georgetown. Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Sussex co., Del. : at the sources of Nanticoke and Indian rivers, 34 m. S. by E. Dover. .It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabiUints. Pop. 2,31S. Geokgetown, p. v., and cap. "Williamson co., Tex, : on the 8. fork of San Gabriel r., 32 m. N. Austin City. Georgetown, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on the Dan- bur>- and Norwalk E. E., 56 m. S. W. Hartford. Georgetown, p. city and port of entry, "Washington Co., D. C: a suburb ofWashington, it is divided from that city by Eock cr. It is beautifully located on a rauge of hills rising above the t*otomac, and stretching in undulating beauty along its borders. The heights of Georgetown are lofty eminences, overlooking the city from the N. and W. Along these are many splendid villas and extensive gar- dens in the highest state of cultivation. Below reposes tlie city, and as far as the eye can reach, the silvery Potomac courses through a scene of exquisite beauty. The city pre- sents many objects of attraction : its ancient college, a cath- olic institution ; its nunnery ; its various literary institutions ; its splendid aqueduct, and other noted editices, are worthy of attention. The college is situate on the N. bank of the Potomac— it was origiually an academy, founded in 17S9 by the first Catholic bishop of the United States, and in 1799 it was chartered as a college. In 1S15 Congress raised it lo the dignity of a university, and in 1S51 a medical de- partment was opened at "Washington. The college build- ings are spacious, and contain a fine library of 25,000 vol- omes, an extensive philosophical apparatus, and a museum of natural history. The curriculum of studies occupies seven years. The nunnery, or Convent of the Visitation, is simale on the heights, contiguous to the E. margin of tlie river. The building appropriated for the ladies' academy is of brick, between 200 and 300 feet long, and 40 feet in breadth. These buildings occupy part of the side of an oblong square of five acres, a portion of which is laid out as a botanic garden. There are other edifices on the square, as the bishop's residence, an elegant chapel, the convent, and charity schools. The whole is under the direction of the Sisters of the "Visitation. The aqueduct which conveys the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Poton]ac, is a stupendous work; the piers, nine in number, and 3G feet above high water, are of granite, and embedded 17 feet in the bottom of tlie river upon solid rock— its length is 1^440 feet, and the cost of construction was $2,000,000. This aqueduct carries the canal to Alexandria. Oak llill Cemelen.', on Oie heights, is also worthy of note ; it was laid out in 1?49 at the expense of "W. "W. Corcoran, Esq., the eminent banker, and \s surrounded by a massive iron railing, with a gate-keep- er's lodge in the Norman stjie, and an elegant Gothic chapel. Georgetown was formerly a port of some note, and had considerable trade, and is even now a thriving and busy place. It is connected by eanal and railroad with all parts of the Union. Of late years many improvements have been made in its streets, and many new buildings have been erected. The city is also engaged in manu- toctures; in 1S50 it had 59 establishmenta in operation, ^12 GEO 4 among which was a rolling mill, a cotton factory, and nu- merous flouring mills. Two newspapers are published here, the " G. Advocate," tri-weekly, and the "■ Potomac Advocate," weekly. Its foreign commerce in 1S49-50 em- ployed 3,134 tons of shipping, viz. : clearances, 10 vessels (1,720 tons), and entrances, 9 vessels (1,414 tons). The ship- ping owned in the district amounted to 17,010 tons, of which 2,796 was registered tonnage, 12,763 enrolled and licensed tonnage, and 1,451 licensed. The steam shipping amounted to 1,949 tons; and S vessels (2SS tons) were built during the year. The general statistics of the city aro as follows: dwellings 1,174, families 1,215, and population 8,366, of which 6.0S1 were white persons, 1,560 free persons of color, and 725 slaves. The population in 1810 was 4,98S; in 1820, 7,360; in 1S30, 8,441; in 1&40, 7,312; and in 1S50, 8,366. Georgetown, p. v., Eandolph co., Ga. : on the E. banft of Chattahoochee r., opposite the mouth of Eufaula cr., 339 m. S. W'. Montgomerj-. It is a flourishing v., and has con- siderable river trade. Pop. G'JO. Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Ki/. : on the N. branch of Elkhorn er. of Kentucky r., 13 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It contains the court-house, etc., and is the seat of Georgetown College, founded in 1830, and under the direction of the Baptists. In 1S50 it had 7 professors, 60 alumni, and 66 students; and a library of C50 volumes. The "Delphian Oracle" is a monthly literary mag-ozinc, published by the students, and in the v. is also published the " G. Herald," a weekly newspaper. Pop. about 1,800. Georgetown, p. v., Floyd co., Ind. : on a branch of Indian cr., 102 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Georgetown, p. v., Vermillion co., ///..■ on the N. side of Little Vermillion r., 103 m. E. by N. Springfield. Georgetown, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 37 m, S. Augusta. It consists of two islands lying between the Ken- nebec and Sheepseot rivers and projecting into the Atlantic. It has good harbors, and the inhabitants are chiefly em- ployed in coasting and fishing. Pop. 1,437. An unsuccess- ful attempt was made as early as 1607 to settle tJu-se islands. Georgetown, p. v.. Copiah co.. Miss. : on the W. side of Peai-1 r., 26 m. S. by E. Jackson. Georgetown, t. and p. v., Essex CO., Mass.: 23 m. N. Boston. Drained by a branch of Parker's r. Surface di- versified ; soils adapted to grass. The v. is central, and has several manufacturing establishments. Pop. of t. 2,052, Tlie Newbur>-port E. E. passes through the N. part of the tovra. Georgetowt?, t. and p. v., Madison co., 2^. Y. : 102 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Otselic r. Surface hilly ; soil, clayey loam. The v., on Otselic cr., con- tains several mills and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of L 1,411. Georgetown, p. t., and cap. Brown co., Ohio : lo the E. of White Oak er., 8G m. S. S. W. Columbus. It has a court- house, jail, 6 churches, numerous mechanic shops and stores, about 200 dwellings, chiefly of brick, and about 800 inhab- itants. Two newspapers, the " Democratic Standard" and the '• Democrat and Journal" are issued weekly. Georgeto\\"n, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : on the Ohio r., N. of Mill cr., 194 m. "W. Barrisburg. It contains about 300 inhabitants. Georgetown, p. v., port of entry, and" cap. Georgetown dist., S. Car. : on the "W. side of Winyaw Bay, at the con- fluence of Sawpit cr., 106 m. S. E. Columbia. Lat. 830 21' N., and long. 79° 17' W. It contains a court-house, jail, 6 churches, a large number of stores and mechanic shoi)3, and about 2,904 inhabitants. Two newspapers are pui>lishcd here, the "Winyaw Observer" (dera.)) semi-weekly, and the "True Eepulilican" (dem.), weekly. Its harbor is deep enough for vessels drawing 11 feet water; and the rivers flowing into Winyaw Bay, open to the port an extensivo and fertile back countrj-. It has an extensive coasting trade, and regular steamers ply to and flrom Charleston and GEO GEO on the Great Pee Dee r. The entrances in 1S50 from foreign countries were 2 vessels (297 tons), and the clearances to foreign countries 24 vessels {3,6S5 tons). Tonnage of the district 2,779 tons, of which 1,749 was registered and 1,030 enrolled and licensed. Geokgetown, p. v., Burlington county, J^.Jer.: 27 m. S. by E. Trenton. Georgetown, p. v., and cap. Tetlis co., Mo.: on Muddy cr. of Riviere a la Mine, 61 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. Geobgetown, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise: 52 m. S. W. Madison. Geoegetowx Ckobs Eoads, p. o., Kent co., J/ing in height from 1,200 to 4,000 feet. From this cresl there is a gradual descent to the east by a series of parallel and undulating ridges, until the tertiary plain is reached. On the west the descent is much more precipitous. Tiie western boundary of the ]»riniary is not very accurately established, but is believed to be not far from a line running nearly north and south tlirough the centre of Gilmer County, and continued in the same direction to near Canton, in Cass*Counly, and thence to the western base of the Allatoona Mountain, on tlie Etowab Eiver, where it turns to the south-west, and passing near Van Wert, in Paulding Cuunty, and along the northern base of the Dugdown Mountain to the Alabama line. The north-western part of tlie State, bounded to the east and south by the western limit of the primary, consists of a transition, or older fossilifcrmis formation, except the extreme north-west corner, where the carboiii/eroun occurs. The coast is lined by a succession of low islands, intersected by numerous navigable channels, which afford good inland navigation all along the shore. They are generally separated from each other by wide bays or sounds, which bear their names and receive the waters of this section. The principal islands are Cabbage Island, Ossaba Island, St. Catharine's Island, Sapello Island, St Simon's Island, Jykill Island, Cumberland Island, etc. Those are covered with rich plantations, and produce, as before staled, the long staple cotton called, from the place of its growth, sea-island cotton. Along the southern line of the State, between the head branches of the Suwannee and the St. Marj's rivers, there is an extensive swamp, or series of swamps, covered with a thick growth of bay-trees, vines, and underwood, and in the wet season presenting the appearance of a wide lake containing islands of rich highland. This swamp extends over the border into Florida, and bears the Indian name of ''OkeHnoke." Several streams are lost in its morasses, and others, head waters of rivers flowing to the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, take their rise from within its limits. The great mineral, region of Georgia is found in the primai7 and metaraorphic formations of the spurs of the Alleghany Mountains. Through the northern portion of the State these pursue their course toward the south-west with similar features of parallelism and straightness peculiar to them further north; but their more broken chamcter, the greater ruggedncss of their outline, and the impetuous nature of llieir streams, testify to difTerent geological formations than the stratified shales and sandstones of which they are composed in Pennsylvania. It is in those out-liers of the main ridge that the mctamorphic slates and quartz rock are fountl. which are productive in gold ores ; and frequently in near proximity to these are deposits of hematite iron ores of cxtraordinarj" extent In the gneiss, also, are found veins of magnetic iron ore of great purity, as at Cane Creek, near Dahlonega. Specular ores, tix», like those of the Iron Mountain in Missouri, are fonnd in the vicinity of some of the hematite beds; and localitiesof the same ore are of frequent occurrence down the course of Chattahoochee River. Another range of them, of much greater consequence, is found in the Allatoona hills, along ll)e Etowah Eiver. Here the broad, shallow stream, obstructed in its course, far3 'Ver ledges of rock, producing good water power. On each side are seen, projecting from the hills, ledges of rough silicious rock, in strata of various degrees of thickness, dipping to the south of cast. Beds of limestone are associated with these rocks and veins of sulphate of barjtes, of great extent. On the sinith-eastern slope of this range of hills, lalcose and mica slates, hornblende slate, green stone, and quartz veins containing gold, more abound. Through deep cutting?; in these rocks, in one place 90 feet deep, the Western and Atlantic Eailroad passes. To the west and north-west an exten- sive limestone country commences, about four miles from the river. Nearly the whole of Cass County b formed of this rock, and it spreads out into Flojd and Murray counties. Irbn ores are found on both sides of the Etowah Eiver. To the south-west they extend into Paulding County, and in the other direction through Cherokee County to its north-wr-st comer; and so far as explored their range is about 40 miles, an4 . . 698. . 0. . Duhlonega Early . 0.')G . . 7,246. . 867. .11 . . Blakely Macon 679 . . 7,062. 419. 0. . Lanier Kflinirliain . 3M. . 3.S64. . 808. . . . Springfield Madison... . 693. . ."i,608 . 404. 3. . Danielsville Hberl.... 1.177 . . 12.969 . . 804. .20 . . Elberton Marion . . . 1,101 . . 10,280 . 563. 4. . Tazewell Emanuel . . . 00.5 . .' 4,.'.77. . 511. . 0. Swainsboro* M-Intosh.. 283. . 6,023 . 117. 10. . Daricn Fayelle . . . . 1,190 . . 8.709 . . 818. . 6 . . FayetteviUe Merriwether 1.428. . 16.476 . 824. 0. . Greenvilla rioyd.... . S06. . 8,205 . . 897. .15. . Rome Monroe. . . 1,194 . .10085. 746 . 2. Forsyth Forsyth ... 1,334. S.S60. . 765. . 8. . Cnmming Montg'mery 236 . . 2,154. 103. 0. Mount Vernon 245 Counties. Dwell. f°I>- I', Morgau ... . 621. .10,7+4.. Murray .... . 2.MT . . 14,433.. 1, Muscogee . l.SSl. . 1S.57S . . Newton... . 1^74 . . 13,296 . . Oglethorpe . 819. . 12,259 . . Paulding . . 1,059 . . 7,039.. Pike 1,4T4 . . 14,:M5.. S Pulaski... 701 . . 6.627.. Putnam .. . 609. . 10,794 . . Rabun — . 8S5. . 2,448.. ' Bamlulph. . 1,408 . .13,863.. ' Kiclitnond .1,556. .16,246.. Bcriven... 567. . 6,S47.. - Stewart... 1,4.33 . .16,027.. Sumter . . . 1,109 . .10,322.. ' Talbot.... 1,324 . .16,531.. ! GEORGIA. arms cult. Manul Capit'ils. Counties. Dwell. Pop. Farms in cull. M^nuf Estab Capitals. 886 .81 . . Madison Taliaferro. . 408 . 8,146. . 294 .16. Crawfordsville ,0:!4 .25. Spring Place Tatnall . . . . 434. . 8,227. . 827 .10 . . KeidsviUe 5il .80. . Columbus Telfair.... . 840. . 8,026. 230 . 0. Jacksonville 812 .23. Covington Thomas... . S38 . 10,103 . . 534 . 6. . Thomasville 555 . 13. Lexington Troup .... . 1,295 . 16,879 . . 7S9 . S. Lagrange 422 . 10. Van Wert Twiggs... . 696 . 6,179. . 867 . 0. Marion S07 .21 . Zfbulon Union .1.141 , 7,234. . 911 . 3 . . Blairsville 871 . 3 . Ilawkinsville Upson .... . 795 . 9,424 . . <:j6 .10. . Tliomaston 851 . .32 . Eatonton Walker... 1,567 . . 18,109 . 600 . 1 . Lafayette 2S2 . 0. Clayton Walton... 1,191 . . 10,831 . 864. .66. Monroe 930 .88. Cutlibert Ware . 561 . .. 8,838 . 3.39 . . Wareslioro' 272 .56. Au2iisla Warren . . . . 1,1.S5 . . 12,425 . 605 .42. Warrenton 493 . 0. Jaeksonboro* Washington 1,077 . . 11,766 . . 632 . 6. SandersviUo 990 . .86. Lumpkin Wayne... 1S2. . 1,499. 172 . 0. Waynesville 76S. .34. Americua Wilkes . . . 709 . . 12,107 . 468. . 9 . Washington 923. .46. Talbolton Wilkinson . 9S3. . 8,212. 645 . S. Ir^vintoii The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 91,011, of families 91,471, and of inhabitants 90.^.999, viz., whites 521,438— males 206,096, and lemales 265,-342 ; tree colored 2,SS0— males 1,363, and females, 1,512 ; and slaves 3S1,6S1. Of the whole population, there were: dm/and rfum^— wh. 211, fr. eol. 0, si. 41 ; llind—wh. 224, fr. col. 5, si. 80 : tn«/jM— wh. 281, fr. col. 2, si. 23; and i'lioUc—v/h. 476, fr. col. 3, si, 93. The number of free persons born in the United States was 517,995 ; the number of foreign birth was 5,907, and of birth unknown, 697 ; the native population originated as follows: Maine 173, Neyv Hampshire 122, Vermont 186, Massachusetts 594, Ehode Island 108, Connecticut 712, New York 1,203, New Jersey 331, Pennsylvania 642, Delaware 117,' Maryland 703, District of Columbia 72, Virginia 7,.331, North Carolina 37,522, South Carolina 52.1.64, Georgia 402,582, Florida 1,103, Alabama 31,154, Mississippi 184, Loui- siana 42, Texas 23, Arkansas 25, Tennessee 8,211, Kentucky 458, Ohio 46, Michigan 8, Indiana 50, Illinois 41, Missouri 60, Iowa 1, Wisconsin 2, California 0, and the Territories ; and the/OT'«!!7n population was composed of persons from— England 679, Ireland 3,202, Scotland .367, Wales 13. Germany 947, France 177. Spain 13, Portugal 6, Belgium 41, Holland 11. Turkey 1, Italy 83, Austria 3, Switzerland 38, P.ussia S, Denmark 24, Norway 6, Sweden 11, Prussia 25, Greece 1, Asia 2, Africa 13, British America 108, Mexico 8, South America 8, West Indies 95, and other countries 58. The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the United States authorities : Coloreil Persons. Decennial Incfe.Tse. Wl.ito Persons. Total Population. Year. Free. Slave. Total. NuiuericaL Per cent 1790... ... 62,536 ... ... 898. .. 29,264 ... 29,663 . . .. 82,548 .. — ... ... — 1800 ... ... 101,678 ... ... 1.019 . .. 59,404 ... 60,423 . ..162,101 .. .. 79.653 ... ... 964 1810 ... . .. 145,414 ... ...1,801 . .. 105,213 ... 107,1119 . . . 2.52,433 . . .. 90.832 ... ...55.1 1820... ... 189,564 ... ... 1,767 . ..149,656... 161,423 . . . 840.937 . . .. 83.564... ... 36.1 1830 ... ...296,806 ... ...2,486 . ..217,5:31 .. 220,017 . .. 616,82.3 .. . . 176.836 . . . . . . B1.2 1340 ... ... 407,695 ... ...2,763 . .. 280,944 ... 283,C97 .. .. 691,892 .. . . 174.669 . . . . . . 83.8 1650 ... ...621,438 ... ... 2,SS0 . . . 881,631 . . . 384,661 . . . 906,999 . . . . 214.607 . . . . . . 31.0 The statistics of the industry and wealtlt of Georgia, as furnished by the census of 1350, and other official returns referring to that year, are as follows : Occupied Latuls, ffc.— Improved lands. 6,373,479 acres ; and unimproved lands, 16,412,900 acres— valued in cash at $95,763,445. Number of farms under cultivation, 51,759. Value of farming implements aud machinery. $5,894,160. I.ive-Stocl: — Horses, 151,331; asses and mules, 57,339; mileh cows, 334,223: working oxen, 73,286; other cattle, 690,016; sheep, 560,435; and swine, 2,168,617— valued in the aggregate at *25,723,416. (In 1340 there were 167,540 horses, mules, etc ; 884,414 neat cattle of all kinds ; 207,107 sheep, and 1.457,7.')5 swine.) Grain C/-ops.— Wheat, 1,038,531 bushels ; rye, 53,750 bushels ; Indian corn, 30,030,090 bushels ; oats, 3,820,044 bushels ; barley, 11,601 bushels; and buckwheat, 260 bushels. (The crops of 1839-40 were — wheat, 1,801.830 bushels; barley, 12,979 bushels ; oats, 1,610,080 bushels ; rye, 60.693 bushels ; buckwheat, 141 bushels ; and Indian corn, 20,905,122 bushels.) Ot/ier Crops. — Kice, 38,950,691 pounds; tobacco, 423,9.34 pounds; ginned cotton, 300,901 bales of 400 pounds; pe.asand beans, 1,142,011 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 227,379, and sweet, 6,986,428 busliels; hay, 23,449 tons; clover-seed, 133, and other grass-seed, 428 bushels ; bops, 261 pounds ; hemp — dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotted, tons ; flax, 6,337 pounds ; flax- seed, 622 bushels; maple sugar, 50 pounds; cane sugar, 1,644 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 316,160 gallons; wine, 796 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $92,776, and of market-garden products, $76,600. The annexed table compares the crops of the great staples in 1840 and 1350 : Staplea. IS-IO, 1S.50. Cane Sugar 329,744 pounds .... 1,644,000 pounds . Ginned Cotton 163,393,896 " . . . . 120,.360,400 " Tobacco 162,894 " 42-3,934 " Kice 12,384,782 ... 38,960,691 MoTement. . . . incr. 1 ,814,256 pounds, or 898.5T per cent ... rfecc. 43,031,996 " or 26,84 " ' ...«•)!<■;■. 261,040 " or 160.25 " . . . ina: 26,565,959 " or 214.51 " Producia o/A-nimah.—Vfoa], 990,019 pountls (in 1840, 871,30,3) ; butter, 4,640,559 pounds, and cheese, 46,976 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year had been $6,339,762. Silk cocoons were produced to Oie amount.of 813 pounds (in 1840, 2,992J); and beeswax and honey, to tliat of 732,514 pounds. Itcme-made maniifnclures for the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $1,888,963 (in 1840, $1,467,630), J/«n?(/nc«KrM.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000.000 , ave- rage number of hands employed, 00,000 — males, 00,000, and females, 0,000 ; average monthly cost of labor— male, $000,000, ' and female, $00,000 ; annual value of products, $00,000,000, The whole number of manufacturing establishments, pro- ducing to the value of $600 and upward in 1860, was 1,407, and of these 36 were cotton factories, 3 woolen factories, 140 tanneries, and 10 iron establishments, of which 4 manufactured casting, 8 pig-iron, and 8 wrought iron. 346 GEORGIA. The coUo7i manufactures employ a capita! of $1,736,156; the cotton consumed in the year ending 30th June, ISoO, was 20,230 bales, and the value of all raw material, fuel, etc., was $900,419; average hands employed— males 873, and females 1,399 ; monthly coat of labor— male, $l-2,725, and female, $10,352 ; value of entire products, $2,135,044, the products of the year having been 7,209,292 yards of sheeting, and 4.193.351 pounds of yarn. The woolen manufactures have a capital invested amountlnij: to $68,000, and consume annually 153,816 pounds of wool ; value of all raw material, $30,392 ; hands employed— males 40, and females 33 ; monthly cost of labor— male $1,099, and female, $536 ; cloth manufactured, 340,660 yards ; vahie of Hie entire products, $SS.750. The taiuieries employ a capital of .$262,s5o, and use annually SI ,484 hides, and 21,705 skins, valued at $1S5,604; hands employed. 402; monthly wages, or cost of labor, $7,107; skins tanned, 21,705, and sides of leather tanned, 162,963 — valued together at $361,586. The various t/wi manufactures are in accordance with the following statistics : Specified IHanuffti" lures. Pig Iron , Cast Iron Wrought Iron . Capital Titl'ie of Invested. Raw Material. M;tle. , $26,000 $25,840 135 . . 35,000 11.950 39 . 9,200 5,936 26 , Montlily Wages, Male. Female. .... $17.44 $5.00 , . . . . 27.43 0.00 . .... 11.35 5.00 . Tons Entire Value Prudiired. of ProducU. . . . 900 $57,300 ... 415 ..... . 46,200 . . . 90 15,3d4 The total capital invested in the iron manufacture ia thus $70,200: the value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $43,776; an 8,524 . CCj lU . - 092 . 243 (under 20 tons.) 105 19,731 , by Steam. , . 6,479 1,4-25 . All the registered tonnage is employed in the foreign trade, and all the enrolled and licensed in the coasting trade : the vessels navigated by steam are of the latter classes. The number of vessels built in the year was 5 — 2 schooners and 3 etcamers — with a total burden of 6S4 tons. The statistics of the foreign commerce of Georgia for a series of years exhibit the following movements : Ye.ir9. Exports. Tmj ISll $2,60S,S65 $- 1S12 1,060,703 1S13 1,094,595 1S14 2,1S?.,121 Years. Exporla, 1791 $491,250 1792 469,106 Importe. 1T93 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 620,955 . 263,532 . 695,9S6 . 980,15s . 044,307 . 961,843 . 1799 . . . .. 1,890,759 ISOO... .. 2,174,268 1801 . . .. 1.755 939 1803 . . . .. 1,834,951 1803... .. 2,-570,575 1804 . . . .. 2.077.692 1S05... .. 2,894,S46 1806 . . . S2.764 1S07 . . . .. 3,74l.s4d 1S08 . . . 24,r>2G 1S09... . . l,0S2.1iiS 1310 2,238,CS6 . 1^15 . 4,17 319 . 1816 7,511,929. 1817 8,790,062. 1818 11,132,090. 1S19 6,310,434 . 1S20 6,594.023. IS2I 6,014,310. 1822 8.4S4.S69. 1S23 4,293,606. 1324 4,023,932. 1825 4,222,883. 1826 4,306,604. 1S27 4,261, 5.'». 1S2S 3,104.425. 1829 4,0SI,i!76. 1880. ],002,6S4 9S9.6D1 070,705 651,838 343,.356 330,993 312.009 808,609 880,293 5,836,626 282,436 Years. Exports. Import*. 1 831 $3,9.59,318 $399,940 1S32 6,515,883 253,417 1883 1834 1835 1836 1837 6,270,ft4'5 318,990 7,567,337 546,802 8,890,074 893,049 10,722,200 .578,223 8,935,041 774,349 1833 8.803,839 770.063 1839 5,970,441 418,907 1840 0,802,959 491,423 1.S41 3,090,518 449,007 1842 4„300,257 3^11,764 1343 4,522,401 207,4.32 1S44 4,283,805 80o,C.3» 1815 4,567,435 206 301 1S40 2,708,003 205,495 1847 5,712,149 207,180 1843 3,670,415 217,114 1849 6,867,806 371,024 1850 7,651,943 630.961 Internal Communication. — The rivers of Georgia famish in the aggregate a long line of navigable channels, which give the greater part of the interior a ready access by steamboat or batteaux to the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards. The names, length, etc., of the principal of these are given elsewhere. Georgia has also famished itself with extensive and 24T GEORGIA. nan^ifioont lined of internal improvcmcnta; lier railways now in active operation have a length of 859 miles, and there are about SitO miles now in progress of construction, Jr for which charters have been obtained. The direction of the Georgia railwriys is generally between llie Bcabourd and the interior; two lines, one from the port of Savannah iind the other from llmt of Charleston, run south-west to a junction with the system of Tennessee railroads, terminating at Chat- tanooga, distimt from the first-named place 432 miles, and from the latter 44S miles; and in their course give off several branches and connect with other railroads passing westward into Alabama, etc. Among the projected railroads the most imporumt are thoso from Savannah and Brunswick to the Flint Kiver and the seaports of Florida. Georgia has also two short canals: the Savannah and Ogeeehce Canal. 16 miles long, and the Brunswick Canal, 12 miles long; the former extends from t^avaunah to the Ogeechee llivcr, Iml is now unused, and the latter from Brunswick to the Alataniaba lliver. The proportion of completed railroads to superficies in this State, in January, 1S53, was as 1 mile of road to every G7J square miles, and to the population as 1 miie of road to every 1,055 persons. Banks, «/<:.— In December, 1850, there were in the Stflte 11 banks and 10 branch banks, and their condition in the aggregate was as follows: lidbilitif^—caiiMul, $13,-182,19S ; circulation, .$11,771,270; deposits, $3.08o,CS0; due other banks, $3,035,S98, and other liabilities. $28,200 ; and a**'^;*:— loans and discounts, $23.312,330 ; stocks, $963,611 ; real estate, $S3'^.429; other investments. $2:J(;,205: due by other banks, $5,020,99>; notes of other banks, $810,395; specie funds, $306.909^and specie $2.ais,223. The branch banks are branches of the Bank of the State of Georgia, the head-quarters of which is at Savannah. Government.— QvOTg^a'A first constitation was made in 1777; a second in 17S5, and the one on which the present government is based, in 1798. It has subsequently undergone numerous amendments. Every citizen of the t^Iate, 21 years old, who has paid all taxes demanded for one year, and has resided in the county fur six months qext before an election, has the right to vote. The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate and House of Kepresentalives, the members of both of which arc elected biennially. Keprcscntatives (180 in number) must be 21 years old and have been eiiizena of the State three years and of the United States seven years next before the election; senators (-17 in number) are chosen in districts, and must be 24 years old, and have been citizens of the United States nine years. A census of the Btat/" is taken every seven years and representatives apportioned in accordance with its results. The Governor is chief executive : he must be 30 years old, and have been a citizen of the United States twelve years and of the State six years, and be possessed of 500 acres of land, or $4,000 in other property above all debts. lie is elected for two years by a popular majority vote, or in ease there be not a choice, then one of the two candidates having the highest number of votes shall be elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly. In case of the office becoming vacant, the chair is flUed by the President of the Senate, and after him by the Speaker of the House. The gov<.'ruor may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses subsequently voting in favor of the rejecte*! bill, makes it law nevertheless. The executive ofllcers of the government of the Stale are— a Secretary of State, a State Treasurer, a Ci-nipiroller- general, a Surveyor-general, and a State Librarian. The Keeper of the Penitentiary, Commissioner of the Deaf and Dumb, and State Printer, come under this head. The Judiciary consista»of a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, and courts of inferior jurisdiction. The Supreme Court, for the correction of errrors, consists of three judges, one of which is chief judge, elected by the General Assembly for such term as the law may provide, and are removable upon address of two-thirds of each house. The judges of the Superior Court are elected for six years, with jurisdiction exclusive in criminal cases and in land cases, and concurrent in all other civil cases. Justices of the inferior courts are elected by the people in districts. All judges have fixed salaries. The State is divided into thirteen circuits with a judge for each, viz. : Northern, Eastern, Southeni, Western, Middle, Ocmulgee, Flint, Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Coweta. South-western, Macon, and Blue Ridge. Savannah and Augusta have special courts of Oyer and Terminer. Each county elects an •' ordinary,'' who holds otfice for four years, and has the ordinar)- jurisdiction of a judge of probate. Sheriffs arc appointed for t^*o years, but not for two terms in BDccession. On the institution of slavery, the constitution provides, that "There shall bo no importation of slaves from Africa or any foreign place after October 1st, 1793, nor shall the legislature have power to free slaves without the owner's consent, or to prevent immigrants from bringing with them persons deemed slaves by any one of the United States. Slaves are protected in their persons, like iVee while persons, except in case of insurrection, and unless their "death should hapi)en from accident in giving such slaves moderate correction." Amendments to the constitution, if passed by two-thirds of each house, shall bo published six months before the next election of members of the General Assembly ; and if passed in the same manner at the first session thereafk-r, shall be adopted. The mUitia of Georgia consists of 7S.G99 men of all grades and arms, of which 5,050 are commissioned ofllcers, and 78,049 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 39 are general officers, 91 general staff officers, 624 field ofBcers, and 4,290 company officers. The State benevolent inniituikms arc an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, under the management of commissioucrs, and another for Lunatics, in the hands of trustees. F\mvnce.1 Clmrcti tions. Cliu relies aiTom. Property. tions. Cburc les. accom. Baptist 621 .. 310,OCS . . J390,8lJl Jewtsli — — Christian 5 . . 1,710 . . 12,0511 LttUicran 8 .. 2,825 Congregafl . 1 . . 261} . 2,700 Menuunite . . — — Dutclilief... — .. — . — Metliodist...735 . 233,143 Episcopal... 19 .. 8,9T5 , . iu9,oro Moravian. . . 1 75 Free 5. 1,0^0 . 2,050 Presltyterian 93 . 89,996 Frieniis 2 .. ODO . 400 K. Calliolic. 8 . 4,250 German Kef — . — . — Swedeubo'n. — — Denomiua- No. of tioiis. Churclics Tiinker .... — .. Cliurdi V.ilue of Property. . $- Union 16 .. 7,'^50 . 21,100 Inilarian. .. — .. — . Universalist. 3 .. 900 1,000 Minor Sects. 7 .. 1,375 1,625 Total.... 1,T-J3 . C12,S92. Jl,269,169 Relifjious Stlican Compiler" (dcm.), all weekly, issues, and the "Review" (whig), a monthly issue. Gettys- burg is a place of considerable trade, and when connected with the system of railroads of tlie State will become a very important centre. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural countr>*. Pop. 2,1S0. Ghent, p. v., Carroll co., Kij. : on the S. bank of the Ohio r., opposite Vevay, .37 m. N. by W. Frankfort. It is a pleasant v., and contains 8 churches, a tob-icco manu- factory, 7 stores, and about 400 itiliabitants. Ghk.vt, L and p. v.. Columbia co., N, 5'..* 24 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Claverack cr.. on which are mills. Surface broken ; soil gravelly loam. The v. coutiiins about 800 inhabitants. The Harlem U. II.. and also the Hudson , and Berkshiro E. E., pass through the t Pop. 2,293. i 250 GnoLSON, p. v., Noxubee county, MI99. : 95 m. E. N. E Jackson. GnoLsoNviLLE, p. V., Bfunswick co., Virg. : on the N. side of Meherin r., 53 m. S. by W. Eichraond. Gibuon's Tavern, p. o., Delaware co., Penn.: 81 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Gibb's Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Cumberiand co., K. Car. GiBBviLLE, p. v., Sheboygan co., M'iac: on the "W. side of Onion r., a. branch of Sheboygan r., S9 m. E. N, E. Madison. GiBEsosviLLE, p. V., IIockiDg CO., Okio : 47 m. S. E. Columbus. , Gibraltar, p. v., Wayne co., 3fich.: on the W. bank of Detroit r, at its entrance into Lake Eric, S4 m. S. E. Lans- ing. The harbor is good and has a light-house. The Gibraltar and Clinton Canal, termmating here, has never been finished, but affords a good head of water for manu- facturing purposes. The v. is small and not progressive. Gibson county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 513 sq. m. Drained by the Patoka and other streams. The "Wabash Hes on its "W. and "White r. on its N. border. Sur- face agreeably undulating and generally well timbered ; soil, loam and sand, and very productive. Farms 1.220; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,833, and pop.~wh. 10,5M, fr. col. 217— total 10.771. Capital: Princeton. PuhUc Works: Wa- bash and Erie Canal, and Evansville and Illinois R. E. GiBsox, t. and p. 0., Susquehannah co., Penn.: 123 m- N. N, E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoc and Lack- awannoc creeks. Surface hilly ; soil clay and gravel. It is almost wholly agricultural, and contains 1,344 inhabitants, Gibson, p. v.. Pike co., OMo: 61 ra. S. Columbus. Gibson, p. v., Steuben county, 2i. Y. : 1S4 m. W. by 8, Albany. Gibson's Wells, p. 0., Gibson county, Tenn. : 123 m. W. by 3. Nashville. GiBsoNTiLLE, p. T., LiviDgston county, If.Y,: 218 m. W. by N. Albany. Gidlet's Station, p. 0., Jackson county, Jiltch. ; 86 ra, S. by E. Lansing. GiLBERTSBORouGU, p. V., Limcstone co., Ala. : 176 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Gilbert's Mills, p. 0., Oswego county, K Y. : 143 m. W. N. W. Albany. GiLBER-reviLLE, p. V., Otscgo CO., Nl Y. : on a branch of Unadilla r., SI m. W. by S. Albany. GiLBOA, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., X. Y. : 3S m. W. S.W. Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its branches. Sur- face varied— in the W. hilly; soil rich and fertile. The v. is located on Schoharie cr., and has several manufactures, mills, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. Blenheim is also a V. in this town. Pop. 3.024. GiLBOA, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio : on the N. side of Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r., S7 m. N. W. Columbus. GiLBOA, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 53 m. N. W. Eichmond. GiLCURisT's Bridge, p. o., Marion dist., >& Car: 9S m. E. Columbia. GiLciraiSTViLLE, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. Gilder, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 112 m. N. W. Columbia. Gilead, p. o., Upshur county, Tex. : 243 m. N. E. Austin City. GiLEAU, t and p. 0., Oxford co.» Me. : 69 m. W. Augusta. Drained by Androscoggin r., which runs from W. to E. through it. Surface rough and hilly, and except on the river, fit only for grazing. Tlie Atlantic and St. Lawrenco E. E. traverses the S. bank of the Androscoggin. P. M5!). GiLEAH, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 16 m. E. S. E. Ilartlord. Gilead, p. v., Miami co., Ind- : 89 ra. N. Indianapolis, Gilead, p. v., Calhoun co., lU.: on the E. side of the Mississi])pi, at the foot of the ElutTs, which are here about 2 m. b.ick ft-om the river. 71 in. S. W. Springfield. P. 5.V. Gilead. t and p. o., Branch co., 3ficli. : 71 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Prairie and Fawa rivers of the St, GIL GLA Joseph's. Surface diversified ; soil fertile and deep mold. It is one of the best farming sections of the State. P. 503. GiLE.vD, sta., Morrow co,, Ohio: a station on the line of the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincimiati K. R.,4-3 m. from Columbus. GiLE.vD, p. v., Wood CO., Ohio : on the S. side of Maumee river, opposite Providence, lOS m. N. "W. Columbus. Giles county, Virg. Situate S. W., and contains 6S4 eq. m. Drained by Sinking, Big and Little Stony, "Walker's and Wolf creeks, branches of New r., a head of Kanawlia, and by heads of the James r. It is verj- elevated, bein;^ 2,000 feet above the ocean. Surface much broken, and in parts stony ; soil on the numerous streams very rich. It is celebrated for its White and Grey Sulphur Springs. The grains are raised liberally, and tobacco and sugar to Bome extenL Farm.s 530 ; manuf. ; dwL-U. 919, and pop. — wh. 5,S59, fr. col. 54, si. 657— total G,570. Capital : Giles Courl-house (Parisburg). Giles Codkt-House, p. o.. and cap. Giles co., Jlrff. : in the V. of Parisburg, on the letl bank of New river. 1S2 m. W. by S. Pichraond. Immediately below the village the river passes through a gap of Peter's Mountain, a branch of the Great Alleghany Mountains. Gilford, t., p. v., and cap. Belknap co., JV. Ilamp. : 26 m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Gun-stock and Miies rivers, and the heads of Suncook r. Winnipiseogee Lake lies on its N. border, and on the S. E. i)art of the t. is Sun- cook Mountain. There are seven islantis in the lake be- longing to Gilford. The soil is generally prorhictivo and well cultivated. In the t. there are many mills and facto- ries, chiefly of cotton goods. Pop. 2,425. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. K. passes through the E. part of the town. Gilford Village, p. t., Belknap co., N'. ITamp, : at the outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake, 25 m. N. by E. Concord. It Is a pleasant and thriving village. Gill, t. and p. o., Franklin co., 2ra.ts.: 97 m. W. by N. Boston. The Connecticut r. forms its E. and S. boundaries, and along its banks are extensive meadows. Fall r., on the W.. divides the t. from Greenfield. Surface mountainous, but generally fertile, and the people are chiefly engaged in farming. It has, however, several small manufactories. Pop. 754. GiLLELAND Creek, p. 0., Travis CO., Te^r. : on a creek of Eio Colorado so called, 16 m. E. S. E. Austin City. Gillespie county, Tkr. Situate centrally, and contains about 2,200 sq. m. Drained by Sandy cr., Pedernales r., and Eio Llano, afilucnts to the Colorado, which passes its N. E. comer. Surface much diversified — parts hilly and rough, but most of it rolling or level ; soil fertile, and well adapted to grain anil pasturage. Farms 40; manuf. 7; dwell. 274, and pop.— wh. 1,235, fr. col. 0, si. 5— total 2,li40. Capital : Fredericksburg. GiLLESPiEviLLE, p. V., Eoss counlv, Ohio .' 4d m. S. ColuVibus. Gill Hall, p. o., Alleghany county, Pejui. : 171 m. W. Ilarrisburg. GiLLiox's, p. o., Baker county, Ga. : on the E. side of a branch of lehawaynochaway cr., 131 m. S.W. Milledgeville. GiLi.ioNsviLLE, p. v., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 120 m. S. Columbia, Gill's Mills, p. c, Bath co.. Kij. : 73 m. E. Fr-ankfort. Gill's Stoee, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenii. : 72 m. S. Nashville. GiLLsviLLE, p. v.. Hall county, Ga. : on Hudson's Fork of Broad r., 93 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. GiLMAN, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., 2r. Y. : 72 m. N. N.W. Albany. This is a Ions, narrow township, extending N. from Sacandaga r.. nearly 40 m. It has a number of lakes and streams, whit-h afford fine water-power. Tlie surface Is diversified— in the N. hilly, and most of it is yet a wil- derness. Pop. 101. GiLiiAKTON, t and p. c, Belknap co., JIT'. ITamp. : 19 m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Suncook and Soueook rivers. Surface hilly; soil generally fertile. It is the seat of a flourishing academy, to which is attached " Gilinaulon Theological Seminary." This seminar)-, founded in 1S35, had in 1850 8 professors, 23 students, and 69 had completed their educational courses. The Ubrary contams 4,300 vols. Pop. oft.3,*2S2. GiLMANTOwN Ip.ON-WoRKB, p. V., Belknap county, 2*^. /lamp. : on a branch of Suncook river, 17 in. N. ^'. E. Concord. Gilaier county, Ga. Situate on N. line, and contains 793 sq. m. Drained by Tocco r., an affluent of Tennessee r., and Coosawattee, a head of Alabama r. Surface elevated and broken; soil good and well watered. Cotton, com, wheat, and tobacco are the staples. Farms 577 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 1,396, and i)op.— wh. S,236, fr. col. 4, si. 200— total 8,440. CapUal: Ellijay. Gilmek county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains G44 sq. ni. Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its numerous affluents. Surface diversiflecf; soils good. Coal and salt springs are abundant in this portion of the State, and add much to the resources of the inhabitants. The cereals are likewise successfully cultivated. Farms 825 ; raanuf. 2 ; dwell. 571, and pop.— wh. 3,403, fr. col. 0, si. 72— total 3,475. Capital: Glenville. GiLMKP., p. v., Lake co., in. : equidistant between Fox and Desplaines rivers, ISC m. N. E. Springfield. It standi on a fine elevated prah'ie, interspersed with groves of hand- some timber. GiLMEB. p. o., and cap. Upshar co., 7tw. .• on an upper branch of Little Cypress r., 153 ra. N. E. Austin City. Gilmer's Store, p. o., Gudford county, ^. Car. : S3 m. W. N. W. lialeigh. GiLopous, p. v., Eobeson county, I^. Car.: 112 m. S. Ealeigh. GiLSfM, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. ITamp. : 39 m. W. S. SV. Concord. Drained by Ashnelot r., which fur- nishes water-power. Tbo v. on the N. side of the river has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 066. Ginger Hill, p. c, Washington co., Penn. : 1S7 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Ginse.vg, p. o., Wyoming county, Virg. : 246 m.W. hj X. Eichmond. Gin Town, p. v., Irwin county, Ga.: 117 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. Girard, p. v., Eussell eo., Ala. : on the W. side of Chat- tahoochee r., and opposite Columbus, 76 m. E. Montgomery A railroad, in continuation of the Muscogee E. E. of Georgia, is projected from this point to Mobile. GiKARD, t and p. v., Branch co., Mich. : 53 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Hog r. of the St. Joseph's, and there are several small lakes in the town. Surface level ; soil rich. The village lies centrally on the S. side of the river, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 9:>4 GiRARD, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 79 m. E. Milledgeville. GiRARB, p. v., Trumbull county, Ohio: U3 m. N. E. Columbus. GiRARD, t. and p. v., Eric county. Penn.: 221 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soils fertile. Lake Erie bounds it on the N". The v. lies on llie line of the Franklin Canal Con^pany's E. E., 15 ni. W. S, W. Erie, and the North Branch C'anal crosses the township. Pop. oft. 2.91S. Gladdes's Grove, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : 37 m. N". Columbia. Glai>e Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 146 ra. W. S.W. Eichmond. Glade Mills, p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 17S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Glade Mikes, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : 106 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. GLADEErN,p.o., Armstrong CO., Penrt. ; 156 m.W. N.W. Harrisburg. 251 GLA GLO Glade Spring, p. o., Uarrison co., T&e.: 172 nu N. E. Austin City. Glades Cross Eoads, p. o., Putnam co., Git. : on u branch of LilUe r., 29 m. N. W. Millcdgcvine. Glade Speixg, p. o., Washington co., Vlrg. : on a cr. of Middle Fort of llolston r., 2-16 m. W. S. W. liichraond. The Virginia and Tennessee R. K. will pass this point. Gladeville, p. v., Preston co., Virg. : 173 in. N. ^^'. Eichraond. Gladwin county, ditch. Situate J7. centrally of Lower Peninsula, and contains 576 aq. m. Drained by Tittiba- wiissee r., an affluent of Saginaw r. Surface level or undu- lating ; soil heavily timbered in part ; the rest adapted to grass and grain— a good farming region. Set off since the year 1S50. Gladv Ceeek, p. 0., Bandolph co., Jlrg. : 15S m. N. W. Richmond. Glasoo, p. v., Clster co., 2^.Y.: on the "W, side of Hudson river. 43 m. S. by TV. Albany. Esopus cr. empties itself 3 m. to tJie X. It has a good lanQing, and is noted for t\w ex- tent of its brick-yards. Pop, about 350, Glasgow, p. v., Newcastle co., De!. : on Christian cr., 32 m. N. by W. Dover. The Newcastle and Frenchtqwn K. K. passes through it 11 m. from Newcastle. Glasgow, p. v., and cap. Barren county, Xy. ; a short distance E. of Beaver Branch of Big Barren r., 97 m. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. The line of the Nashville and Lexington R. R., as projected, will pass through the village. Glasgow, p. v., Scott co.. III. : 46 m.W. S. W. Springfield. Glasgow, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : on a cr. of Big C^dar cr., 53 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Glasgow, p. v., Howard co., Jfo.i on the leH bank of Missouri r., 53 m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a thriving v., and has considerable river trade. Two newspapers, the " Howard County Banner," and the " G. Weekly Times," are published here. Pop. about 1,G00. Glasgow, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 186 m. E. N- E, Colnmbus. Glassuorough, p. v., Gloucester county, y. Jer. : 43 m. 6. by W. Trenton. It has several glass-houses and stores, and about ISO inhabitants. Glass Cbekk, p. o., Barry co., Mich, : 43 m. W. S. "W. Lansing. GL.^.S9 Village, p. v., Conway co., Ark. : on the V* side of Port Remove er., 52 m. N. W. Little Rock. Glastenburt, t, and p. v., Hartford co., Co7in.: 8 m. S. Hartford. Drained by creeks falling into Connecticut r., which makes its E. boundary. Surface rough; soil fertile. The V. on Roaring Brook, about 2 m. from Connecticut r., is engaged in manufactures. Pup. of t. 3,899. Glex, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., K. T. : S6 rn-W. N-W. Albany. Drained by Schoharie and other creeks of Mo- hawk r.. which latter forms its N. Vwundary. Surface hilly ; soil clayey loam. The Erie Canal traverses the Muhuwk Valley, on which arc the villages of Fultonville and Auries- vUle. Pop. of t. 3.043. Glex, p. 0., M'Kean co., Penn, : 144 m. N.W. Harrisburg. Glesalta, p. o., Marion county, Ga. : 100 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. From this point streams flow in E., and S., and ■^'. directions. '' GiJar BnooK, p. o., Hart co., Ivi/. : 81 m. S-W. Frankfort. Glenbuks, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Mc. : 65 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, which also affords water-power. The v. is located on the border? of a large pond on tlie E. border of Uie town. Population of town, 9 5. GtruScoE, p. v., Gallatin county, A> : 43 m. N. by E. Frankfort, Gi.ENCOE, p. T., Bolivar co., Jfiss. : 112 m. N. N. "W. Jackson. Glex Cove, p. v., Queens co., y. T. : at the head of Glen Ck)ve an arm of Hempstead Harbor, 118 m. S. Albany. It 252 is a pleasant village, and is much resorted to in summer by the citizens of New York, with which it is connected by regular steamboats. Glesdale, p. v., Berkshire co., Mast. : on the W. banit of the Housatonic r., where it is crossed by the Housatonifl R. R., lis m. W. Boston. Glen Dale, p. o., Muscatine CO., la. : 88 m. E. &. H Iowa City. Glentinlas, p. v., Jefferson co., 3fo. : on the right bank of Big r. of the Maramec, SS ra. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Glenha-M, p. v., Duchess co., Al Y. : on Fishkill cr., about 8 m. from Hudson r., 73 m. S. Albany. This is a thriving village, chiefly engaged in the manufacture of iron, wool, etc., and containing about SOO inhabitants. It has immense water-power. Glen Hope, p. o., Clearfield co., Pen7i. : 102 m. N. TV, Harrisburg. Glenuore,p. v.. Oneida co., Al Y. Glenmork, p. o., Buckingham county, Tirg. ; 61 m, "TC. Richmond, Glenn Geov^ p. c, Fayette co., Ga.: 88 m. W, N. VH Milled geville. Glbnn Mills, p. o., Culpepper co., Vlrg. ; 73 m. N. N."W, Richmond. Glenn's, p. c, Gloucester co., Vtrg. : G9 m.E. Richmond Glenn's, p. o., Clark county, la. : 128 m. "W. S. W. Iowa City. Glenn's Fali5, p. v., "Warren co., N. Y.: on the left bank of the Hudson r., 41 m. N. Albany. This is a greaj manufacturing v., and contains mills of all descriptions, furnaces, tanneries, etc., and about 2,500 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "■G.F.Clarion" (whig), and the ''G, F- Republican" (dem.), are Issued weekly. The falls at this ]tlaee have a total descent of 50 feel, and afford extensive water-power, by which a vast amount of machinery is moved. A bridge. 500 feet long, crosses the Hudson. The feeder of the Champlain Canal affords a navigable commu» nication with the canal. Glenn Springs, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : on Fair Forest cr., 73 m. N. "W. Columbia. Glennville, p. v., Barbour co., Ala.: on Cowikce cr. of Chattahoochee r., 59 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Glen Rock, p. o., York co., Penn. Glenville. t. and p. o., Schenectady co., A'l Y.: 22 nv N. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Mohawk r., which is its S. boundary. Delplass cr. crosses the E. part of the t., and falls into the Mohawk. The v. contains about twenty (hveiiings. The industry of the t is chiefly devoted to agri*. Culture. Pop. 8,409. The Utica and Schenectady R. R., and the Saratoga and Schenectady R. R., traverse the Mo- hawk Valley through this town. Glenville, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn.: 54 m. S. "W. Hartford. Glenville, p, v., and cap. Gilmer county, Ylrg. : on tha S. side of Little Kanawha r., 20S m."W. N. W. Richmoftd. Glen "Wald, p. o., SuUivau county. A'. K; SO m. S. S.W, Albany. Glen WOOD, p. v., Erie co., iV: r:,-248m.W. Albany. Gloue, p. o., Caldwell co., K Car.: 169 m. W. by It Raleigh, Gloue, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo. : 97 m. W. Jefferson City. Glottcestee county, K Jer. Situate S. W., and contain! 2S7sq. m. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r., flowing into the Atlantic, Maurice r., flowing into Delaware Bay, and aflluents of Delaware r., which lies on the W. Surfaco even; soil on the Delaware productive, and under fino cultivation, largely sui)plying Philadelphia with fruit and vegetables; in the interior sandy, but well womied wirh pine limber. Corn, rj'e, and lumber are leading exporti Farms 954; manuf. 141 : dwell. 2.600, and pop.— wh. 15,035- fr. col. 620— t-.tal 15,C55. Cajntal: "Woodbury. FuhlUi Worksi: ^Voodbury Branch R. R. Gloucester county, Tirg. Situate S. E. on Chesapeake GLO GOL Bay, and contains 343 sq. m. Drained by aftluents of Piankilank and York rivers, octween which it lies, and creeks of Mubjack Bay. Surface broken, except on the rivers, where the soil is very rieh. Com, wheat, and oata are the chief productions ; there is also much good timber. Farms 573; manuf 53; dwell. 1,000, and pop.— wh. 4,290, fir. col. 6S0, si. 5,557— total 10,527. Oipit^d: Gloucester C. H. Gloucester, t. .ind p. v., Providence co., i?. /. ; 14 in. W. N. W. Providence. Brained by Cliepachet and Paw- tuxet rivers, which have good waler-i)ower. Surface Dneven and rough ; soil of average fertility, but best adapted to grazing. The t. has considerable manufactures, and Chepaehet, on the river so called, is a \illage of some celebrity for its productions. Pop. of t. 2,S04. GLoircEsTEi:, t., p. v., and port of entry, Essex co.. Jfnss.: 27 ra. N. by E. Boston. This is a maritime town, occupying (he greaUT i>ortion of Cape Aon, tho N. boundary of Massa- chusetts Bay, and the inhabitants are chiefly employed in navigation, commerce, and the fisheries. It has a fine har- bor, open at all seasons, and accessible to vessels of great burden. Lat. 42^ 36' 41" N., and long. 7(|0 40'19" W. The harbor and principal settlement lies on the f*. side of the peninsula. Sandy and Squam bays lie on the N. side, and affonl harbors for small vessels. On Thrasher's Island are two light-houses. Gloucester has three newspaper?, the " O. News" (indep.). and the '' G. Telegraph'' (whig), issued semi- weekly, and tlie " Cape Ann Light" (whigl, issued weekly. Pop. of I, 7,S05. The statistics of the foreign commerce of Ihe district, of which Gloucester is port of entry, for the year ending SOfli June, 1S50, are as follows : Clearances, ITT (U,13S tons), of which 161 (5,259 tons) were foreign bottoms ; anil en- trances. ITS (11,667 tons), of which 159 (S.ISO tons') were for- eign. The slijpping owned in the district amounted to 22,474 Ions, of which 2,S73 tons were registered and engaged in for- eign trade ; IS.SSl tons enrolled and licensed, of which 13.9S2 tons were employed in the cod fishery, and 4,?99 tons in the mackerel fisliery; and 720 tons licensed imder 20 t*ins. of which O's Ions were employed in coasting and tl-Vj tons in Ihe cod fii^heries; and the shipping buUt during the year was 26 schoimers, of an aggregate burden of l,91'6 ions. Gi-ofciKTER City, p. v., Camden co., ^V. Jtv: : 3') m. S.W. Trenlnn. GtorosTKK Court-house, p. v., and cap. Gloucester co., Tirg. : at the head of an arm of Mobjack Bay, 57 m. E. S. E. liichniond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 2 academies, and .nbout 2 '0 inlKiI)itants. Many wealttiy peo- ple reside here, and the neighborhood is one of the richest in Virginia. Gloucester Fit.nacb, p. v., Atlantic co., X. Jer. : on a cr. of Little Egg Harbor r.. 46 m. S. E. Trenton. It has, be- sides the works from which ills named, several mills, etc., and about 4(io inhabitants. Glovkr, t. and p. o.. Orleans co., Veryn. : 35 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Black and Bar- ton's ri\ ers, flowing N. ; of Passumsic r., flowing E., and of Lamoille r.. flowing W. lilies on an elevated watershed. Surfacf hilly, and soil indifferent. Ilusbrmdry and agricul- ture are the chief occupations of the inhabilanls. Pop. 1,137. Glovf-svilt.k, p. v., Fulton co.. A'. }'. ; 42 m. N. W. Albany. It contains extensive manufactures of Iniekskin gloves, niittens, moccasins, etc., and hence its appellativo. Population about 400. Glymont, p. v.. Charles co.. ^fd. : on the Potomac r.. 8 ra. below Fort Washington, and 48 m. S. W. Annapolis. Glymi'uville, p. V. Newberry dist.. S. Car. : 47 m.N.W. C dumbia. Glynx county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the .Atl.tnlic. and contains 3S9 sq. m. Drained by Turtle r.. Santilla r.. which bounds it S., and aflluents of Alatamaha r., which bounds it N. St. Simon's and Jykill islands belong to it. Surface low and level ; sod fertile, and bears the best of cotton an'l rice. The islands produce the Sea Island cotton, so much valued, and the marshes an immense amount of rice. Farms 92; manuf. S; dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. G93, fr. col. 3, si. 4,232 — total 4,933. Ci'pital : Brunswick. GxADENmjTTEN, p. V., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on the E. bank of Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Th-j Central Ohio R. P. will pass through the village. It was originally settled by the United Brethren, and contaius a Moravian Church, several stores and mills, au'l about 260 Inhabitants. Goat (or Ikis) island, A^ Y. : lies in the Niagara r. .it the Great Falls, the waters of whicli divide as they descend over the ledge into the abyss below. This island is ap- proached from the American side by a bridge. Its extent is about 65 acres, and its periphery about a mile. It is still well timbered. The lower end of the island is a perpen- dicular bank of from SO to I'lO feet; thence to tlie water's edge, below the Falls, a sloping descent of about loo feet more. From points on this part of Ihe island, both the Falls are seen to advantage. Here has been erected a tow- er called Prospect Tower, with an observatoiw on the top, and a stair-case near by to descend lu the water's edge. GoDBOLD, p. o., Washita county, ArA:: SS m. S. S. W. Little Eock. GoDDAED, p. v., Bush couuty, InJ. : 43 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Goi'FKT, p. 0., Madison county. Hi. : 71 ni. S. S, W. Springfield. Goff's Corners, p. o., Cumberland co., Jfe.: 33 m. S.W. Augusta. Goff's Falls, sla., Ilillsboro' co., A'i Ifmnp. : on llic Merrimac r. at the falls so called, 22 ra. 8. Concord. The Concord R. P. crosses the river at this point. Goff's Mills, p. o., Steuben co., A'. Y. : 192 in. W. by S. A 11) any. Goffstown, t. and p. v., Ilillsborough co., y. Hump. : 14 ra. S. Concord. Brained by Piaeataqiioag r. and a trib- utary of }.[errimac r., which alTi,ird water-power. Tlie Mer- rimac runs along its E. border. Surface generally level, but diversified; soil fertile and well cultivated. Amoskeag Falls of the Merrimac are opposite this t. and have a deseent of 4S feet in half a mile, around which is a canal. The t. lias considerable manufactures, several villages, and 2.276 iidiabitauL^. The New Hampshire Central P. P. crosses it in an E. and W. direction. GtiFFSTOws Centf.e, p. V., Ilillsborough co,. K. Hiiinp.: on tlic [Mscafaquoag r., and on the line of the New Hamp- shire Central P. P., 5 m. from Manchester, and 15 m. S. Concord. Goc.r.rN'sriLLE, p. v., Franklin co., Ylvg. : 134 m.W. S.W. Pichmond. GoLANSViLLE. p. v.. Caroline co., Yirrj. : 26 ni. N. Pich- mond. It has several mills and mechanic sliops. and about l."JO intiabitants. In the vicinity there are several mineral springs. GoLcoxDA. p. v., and cap. Pope co., 7??. : at the entrance of Lusk's cr. into Ohio r., 177 m. S. S. E. SpringfleM. It contains a brick court-house, etc., several stitrcs, and about 3)0 inhabitants. . Golden Grove, p. o., Greenville dist.. S. C'ti: : on the E. side of Saluda r., 103 ni. W. N. "W. Columbia, or by the route of the Greenville and Columbia P. P-, which passes through it, 130 ra. from Columbia. Golden Hill, p. o., Dorchester co., M'.l. : 43 m. S. E. Annapolis. Golden Hill. p. o.. Wyoming co., Penn. : 97 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Golden Hill, p. o.. Chambers co., Ala. : 53 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. Golden Lake, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 56 ni, Madison. Golden Pond, p. o., Trigg co., K>/. : 197 ra. W Frankfort. ^oldf.n's BitiDGB, p. v., 'Westchester co., A^ )'..■ 98 _m. S. by E. Albany. 25S E. . W. GOL GOR Golden Speings, p. o., Anderson (list., 5. Car.: on the "W. side of Saluda r., 2 m. above Golden Grove, and 105 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Golden Valley, p. c, Rutherford co., K. Car.: 216 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Gold Hill, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga.: 94 m. "W. Milled penile. Gold Hill, p. o., Rowan CO., K Car. : 100 m. W. Raleigh. Gold Mine, p. o., Marion co., Ala.: 153 m. N. W. Montgomery. Gold Mine, p. c, Chesterfield dist., S. Car, : on the E. side of Lynch's cr., 62 E. N. E. Columbia. Gold Region, p. o., Moore co., N. Car.; 53 m. 6. W. Raleigh. GoLDSBOEorGH, p. V., "Waync co., N. Car. : on the N. side, ftntl about 2 m. from Neuse r., 51 m. S. E, Raleigh. It is a considerable v., with a good trade, and has two peri- odicals, the "North Carolina Telegraph" (whig), and the " Patriot" (dem.), both weekly issues. It is an important station on the line of the 'Wilmington and "Weldon R. R.; also the E. initial point of the North Carolina R. R. ; and a railroad hence is projected to Newbem, one of the best ports of the State. Pop. about 700. Goldsville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga. : US m. N. W. Milledgeville. Goldsville, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: 49 m. N. E. Montgomerj'. Goliad county, Ter. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains about 1,S00 sq. m. Intersected by San Antonio r., and drained by its many brancht-?, with the heads of Mission and Aransas rivers and affluents of the Guadaloupe. Surface moderately elevated, and gently undulating. Soil generally very good, and adapted to cotton growing. Some sugar maybe raised, too. Farms 30; manuf. 0; dwell. 8S, and pop.— wh. 435, fr. col. 0, si. 213— total C4S. Capital: Goliad. Goliad, p. v. and cap., Goliad co., r«r. : on a high rocky bluff on the S. bank of San Antonio r., 123 m. S. by E. Austin City. It is one of the oldest towns in Texas, dating from 171G, and was formerly a place of great importance, and, as its name implies, a plac^ of sirenfjth. Its fortifica- tions were immense and considered by the Spaniards as impregnable, and are still in existence, though decayed, as are also most of the old buildings, which were of stone. On the opposite side of the river was an ancient mission. Goliad is now recovering from its demolished condition, and is again a flourishing place with considerable trade and general business. Gonic, p. v., Strafford co., K Harrfp. : on the E. side of Coeheco r., 28 m. E. Concord. It is a v. of considerable manufactures. The Coeheco R. R. passes through it, S m. from Dover. Gonzales county. Tea:. Situate S. E. of centre, and con- tains 1,227 sq. m. Intersected by Guadalupe r., and drained by San Marcos r. and Peach and Sandy crs., its atlliieuts. Surface a rolling prairie in S. — in the N. more broken. Soil sandy loam, covered with a rich vegetable deposit, and adapted to cotton, grain, or grazing. Salt-springs are found on Salt fork of Sandy cr. Eiirnis 123 ; manuf. ; dwell. ISS, and pop.— wh. 891, fr. col. 0, 8l. 601- total 1,492. Capital: Gonzales. Gonzales, p. o., and cap. Gonzales co., Tkc. .* on the N. or left bank of Rio Guadalupe r.,G2m. S. S.E.Austin City. It is the centre of an extensive trade. Goochland county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 273 sq. m. Drained by several affluents of the James r., which forms its S. boundary. Surface in the S. rolling; elsewhere broken, affording many eligible mill sites. Soils Tarious, and mostly long cultivated, tliongh highly produc- tive. Tobacco is the great agricultural staple, and coal is abundant, and the mines much worked. Gold has also been found in considerable quantities. Farms 405 ; manuf. 49; dwell. 876, and pop.— wh. 8,954, fr. col. C53, si. 5,S45— 254 total, 10,852. Capital: Goochland C. H. Fttllic Works: James River Canal. GoocaLAXD C. H., p. v., and cap. Goochland co., Vlrg.t on the N. side of James r., and on the hue of the canal, 25 m. W. N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 40 dwellings. Goocu's Mills, p. o., Cooper co.. Mo. : on Little Saline en of Missouri r., 34 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. Goodall's, p. o., Hanover co., Virg. : 15 m. N. Richmond. Good Field, p. v., Meigs co., Teiiru: 114 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Good Ground, p. v., Suffolk co., IT. T.: 12S m. S. K. Albany — a v. of some 8 or 10 dwellings, situate in tlie t. of Southampton. Good IIope, p. v., Milwaukie co., 7n«c. .* on the "W. side of Milwaukie r., 75 m. E. by N. Madison. Good Hope, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. Good Hope, p. o,, Walton county, Ga. : on a cr. of Appalachee r., 55 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. Gooding's Geove, p. o., Will co., III.: 188 m. N. E. Springfield. Good Intent, p. o., "Washington county, Penn. : 182 m, W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Good Llxk, p. o., Prince George's co., Md.: on the E. side of the W. branch of Patuxent r., 26 miles S. W. Annapolis. Goodrich, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 49 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Good's pREcnfcT, p. o., Clark co., K>j.: 44 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Good Spring, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn.: 11 m. S, Nashville. Good Springs, p. o., Mead co., Jy..* 76 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Good Spur, p. o., Carroll co., Virff.: 188 m. W. 8. W. Richmond. GooDviLLE, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn^ Goodwateb, p. o., Coosa county, Ala.: S3 m. N. by E. MontgoMcry. Goodwin's Mills, p. o., York county. Me.: 74 m. 8. W. Augusta. Good WINS viLLE, p. v., Dinwlddie county, Ttrg. : 42 ox. S. by W. Richmond. Goose Creek, p. o., Ritchie co., Virg.: 226 m. N. W. Richmond. Goose Creek, Virg. : a branch of Roanoke r. It has Its rise in the Clue Ridge, 5 m. S. W. of the Peeks of Otter, and after a course of more than 40 m. enters the Roanoke in the S. W. part of Campbell county. Goose Pond, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : on a branch of Long cr. of Broad r., 69 m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Goose River, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 37 m. E. Augusta. Gordo, p. o., Pickens county, Ala. : 124 m N. W. Montgomery. Gordon county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 303 sq. m. Drained by Coosawattee r. and other head streams of the Coosa r. Surface broken and cut up into many beautiful and fertile valleys. This is in the iron region, and possesses much undeveloped mineral wealth. Farms 419; manuf. ; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 5.156, fr. col. 0, si. 828 —total 5,9S 1. Capital : Calhoun. FuUic Works : Atlantic and Western R. R. Gordon, p. v., Wilkinson county, Ga.: 17'm.8. byW.- Jlilledgevillo. The Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. di- verges at this point from the Central TJeorgia R. R., 170 ra. from Savaimah. Gordon's Springs, p. v.. Walker co., Ga. : 179 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Gordonsville, p. v.. Smith co., Tenn. : on the W. bank of Canoy fork of Cumberland r., 49 m. E. Nashville. Gord()NSville, p. v., Logan county, Ky. : 162 m. S. W. Frankfort Goedonsville, p. v., Orange co., Tirg. : at the E. base of Gon «ov Southwest Mountain, and at the heads of North Anna r., 56 m. N. W. liichmoud. AVifhin the last few years it has risen from tlie condition of a wayside store to that of a consider- able vilUigf, and is destined to become an important com- mercial depot. The Central Virginia K. K. passes through It, and is here joined by the Orange and Alexandria E. E., completed in 1S52. GoRDONSTiLLE, p. v.,^Lancasler co., renn. : 49 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. GoRDONTON, p. v., Picrsou CO., 21. Car. : 51 ni. N. "W. Ealcigh. GoRiLiM, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Jfe.: 59 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Presumpscut r., which forms its E. border. Surface diversified; soil excellent and well cuIU- Tated. The v. lies on the York and Cumberland K. R., 10 m. from Portland. The t. has a well-endowed academy and contains numerous mills and mechanic shops. Pop. 3,03S. GoEUAii, t. and p. o., Coos co., y. Ilajup. : 81 m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Peabody r. and other tributaries of the Androscoggin. Surface rough nud broken — the S. be- ing occupied by the "White Mountains; soil indifferent and population sparse. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. K. passes through it, following the valley. Pop. 224. GoRHAii, t. and p. v., Ontario co., ill Y. : 173 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Flint cr. and creeks of Canandaigua Lake, which forms its TV. boundary. Surface gently undu- lating; soil fertile and well ciUlivated. The v. is located on the E. side of Flint cr. ; and there are other villages, as Eushville, Gorham Centre, etc., in the town. Pop. 2,645. GoBHAM, t. and p. o., Fulton co., Ohio.: 13G ra. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Tiffin r. and its branches. Surface uneven ; soil fertile and productive. Pop. 906. Goshen, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Goshe:^, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm.: 80 m. S. "W. Montpelier. Drained by creeks of Great Trout Pond and Otter r. Surface mountainous; soil ordinar}'. but adapted to grasses. Iron ore and oxyde of magnesia abundant. Pop. -tS6. Goshen, t. and p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 34 ra. AV. by N. Hartn^rd. Drained by affluents of Ilousatonic and Nau- gatuek rivers, which rise in this t. from several small ponds. Surface elevated and moderatfly uneven; soil excellent for grasses. It produces fine dairies, and lias several manu- factures. Pop. 1,457. GosuEx, p. v., Lincoln, county, Ga.: 74 m. N. E. Milledgeville. GosuEx, p. v., and cap. Elkhart co., Ind. : on the E. side of Elkhart r., 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. It is a thriving v., and contains commodious county buildings, several halls for societies, large flouring and saw mills, nu- merous stores, about 200 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. It is well situate for a commercial dep6l, and is connected by a branch with the Michigan, Southern, and Northern Indiana K. II. ; and a railroad is now in progress from In- dianapolis via Peru to this point. The "G. Democrat" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 7P0. GosHEX, t. and p. v., Hampshire county, Jfass. : 92 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of rivers falling into the Connecticut. Surface motmtainous; soils iudilferent, except for grasses. Lead, tin, emeralds, etc., arc fouud. The V. lies near the centre. Pop. 5i2. Gosurx, t. and p. v., Sullivan co.. A'! ITamp.: 31 m. "W. by N. Concord. Drained by branches of Logan r. of the Connecticut. Surface varies ; soil well adapted for cul- tivation. Sunapee Mountain lies in its S. E. part. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of t 659. GosHEK, p. v., Cape May co., K. Jer. : on Goshen cr. 8 'tn. up from Delaware Bay, 73 m. S. Trenton. GosuEN-, t.. p. v., and one (tf the cap. Orange co,. K. Y. : S4 m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Wallkill cr. and other streams. Surface diversified— in some parts hilly; soil, rich Iu;.in, ovcrtying ^late and limestone, and which produces excellent grass. The t. and neighborhood is noted for the superior quality of its milk and butter, which are daily car- ritd into New York by railroad. The v. is located on n plain, and contains a court-house and olher county build- ings, situate on an elegant square, in which is a monument commemorative of those who fell in one of the battles of the Kevulution, large hotels, extensive stores, and many of its dwelHusa are neat afid tastefully built. It is a place of considerable business, and has about 1,200 inhabitants. The Eric 11. E. passes through it, 45 m. from Piermont. Goshen has two semi-weekly newspapers, the "Banner of Liberty'* and '* Signs uf the Times ;" two weeklies, the " Independ- ent Republican'' (dem.) and " Democrat and "Whig" (whig), and "Separate America" (abol.), the latter published quar- terly. Pop, of t, 3450. GosnEN, t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 82 m. S. W. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Little Miami r., and possessed of a fine soil. The v. contains numerous mills, mechanic sbops, and about 700 inhabitants. The Cincin- nati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. passes through tho t. and v., 32 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. oft. 1,397. Goshen, p. v., Oldham county, Ky. : 3S m. "W. N. W. Frankfort. GosnF.N, p. v., Lancaster county, Pemi.: 53 m. E. S. K Ilarrisbiirg. GosuEN ITiLL, p. v., Union dist., S. Car. : between En- noree and Tiger rivers, 51 ra. N. "W. Columbia. GosHEN Hill, v., Chesterfield dist., S. Car.: on Thomp- son's cr. of Great Pee Dee r., 82 ra. N. E. Columbia. Goshen Peaieie, p. o., Mercer co., Mo. : 147 m. N. W. Jefferson City. GosuENviLLE, p. T., Chester co., Penn. : C9 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. GospoET, p. v., Clark county, Ala. : on the "W". side of Alabama r., 93 m. S. W. Montgomery. GosPOKT, p. v., Owen co., Jnd. : on the right bank of tho W. fork of White r., 37 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It contains several warehouses, stores, and mechanic shops, and about GitO inhabitants. It is an important location, and is inter- sected by two lines of railroad — the New Albany and Salem E. E. and the Evansville, Vincenucs, and Indiana E. E. It was founded in ISIS by E. Goss, from whom it is named, and in 1S40 had less than SO Inhabitants — its growth to its present prosperous condition is owing chiefly to its railroad connections. The river here affords good mill sites, and is navigable for steamers. Gott'3 Cross Eoads, p. o., Sullivan co., Tenn,: 252 m. E. by N. NashvUle. GocLDSBOKOPon, t. and p. v., Hancock co., JA'. ; S6 m. E. Augusta. It occupies a large peninsula jutting into tho Atlantic, between Gould sborough Harbor and Frenchman's Bay. Prospect Harbor, on the S. E., is easy of access and spacious; it has also olher good harbors wliich afford it great facilities for navigation. The principal v. lies at tho head of Gouldsborough Bay, on the "W. side. The t. has some few manufactures, but its inhabitants are chiefly en- gaged in navigation and the fisheries. Pop. 1,399, GouitDviNE, p. v., Union co., -V. Car. : 113 m. "W. S. W. Ealeigh. GouvEnNT:trR, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., JV F. ; 154 m. N. "W". Albany. Drained by Oswegatchio r. and its creeks. Surface generally level; soil various. The v. ia located on the Oswegatchio. and contains about 300 inhab- itants. The 'Watertown and Potsdam E. E. will intersect this t Pop. of t. 2,TS3. GovANSTowN, p. v., BalUmoro county, 2rd, : 26 m. N, Annapolis. Goteenoe's Bbidge, p. o., Anne Arundel co., M(J. Goteunor's island, jVI Y.: an important island at tho confluence of Hudson and East rivers, in New York Harbor, and which commands its entrance. It is str»)ngly forlifled. Castle William, Fort Columbus, and South Battery, are the names of the fortifications. 255 GOV GRA Governor's Island, p, o., Macon co., X. Car. : 27 m. . W. by S. Kalcigh. GowANDA, p. v., Cattaraugus co., 2r. T. : 222 m. W. byS. Albany. GowDEYSviLLE, p. V., Union (list., 5. Car. : 73 m. N. W. Columbia. GowEs'8 Feekt, p. o., Cedar cOj. la. : 23 m. E. by N. Iowa City. G0WKN6V11.LE, p. v., Greenville disL, S. Car. : 97 m. N. W. Columbia. GitArKUAM. p. v., Frederick co., Jfd: on the W. side of Monocaoy r., 02 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Gradytille, p. v., Adair co., Kt/.: 76 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. Gkafensuero, p. v., Adams co., Pemi. : 49 m. S. S. "W. Uarrisburg. Geafton coiinty, JV: JTamp. Situate W., and contains 1.437 sq. m. Drained by Ammonoosuck r. and other afflu- enls of Connecticut r., its W. boundary, and the he.id waters of Merrimac and Kaco rivers. Surface elevated and tough, with good mill streams; soil generally good, and mlnplcd lo grass or grain. Squam Lake, on its E. border, and New- found Lake within it, are fine bodies of water and very attractive to strangers. "Wool growing is succe-=~'*ful and general. Farms 5,003 ; manuf. 424 ; dwell. 7,S9S, and pop, — wh. 42,310, fr. col. 27— total 42.348. CapiUil: Haverhill. Piihlic Works : Northern (X. H.) K E. ; Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E. Gkaftox, p. v., Jersey co., III. : on the E. side of Mis- ^sissippi r., 2 m. below the. confluence of the Illinois, 71 m. S. W. Sprhi^tield. It is situate on an elevated slope of land under the bluffs, and has a good steamboat landing. Pop. about 1,200. Grafton, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Jla^s.: 7 m. E. "Worcester, 35 m. "W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by Biack- stone r. and its tributaries, which afford excellent water- power. Surface varied; soil exccUent. The principal v.. is located centrally, and there are others, a.s Famumville on the S. and New Englan-l Tillage on the N. of it. The Boston and Worcester E. E. traverses the N. part nf the t., the Grafltui station being 3S m. from Boston, and here diverges the Branch E. E. to Milbury on the Worcester an, p. o., Erie co., Jv'. Y. : 264 m. "VV. by N. Albany. Grand Island forms a part of Tonawanda t and Is situate in Niagara r., equidistant between Black Rock and Niagara Falls. It is 9 m. long, and in its broadest part 6 m. wide, with an area of 1T,3S1 acres. The land is level, well timbered, and very fertile. The river is deep, close in shore, and affords access to any part of the island. The v. of Whitehaven, at which the p. o. is kept, is located on its E. bank. This island was selected by M. M. Noah, on which to build a city and establish a colony of Jews, with the view of making it the "Ararat," or resting-place of that despised people. A monument, 15 feet high, with suitable inscriptions, was erected here by the projector in Sept., 1S25. and is still standing. The undertaking was abandoned in consequence of the scheme having been non-approved of by the Rabbi of Kurope. Graxd Isle county, Verm. Situated N. AV., consisting principally of two islands in N. part of Lake Ghainplaiu, and contains TC sq. m. Surface gently elevated ; soil highly productive and well tilled. Their flocks of slieep fi.rm no small part of their weahh. Farms 339; manuf. 8; dwell. 691, and pop.— wh. 4.142, fr. col. 3— total 4.145. Oipittd : Isorth Hero. Public Wor/cs: Vermont and Canada Rail- road. Grand Isle, t. and p. v., Grand Isle co.. Verm. : 46 ra. N. W. Monlpelier. The t. consists of the N. part of a large Island of Lake Cliamplain so called, and has a fertile soil, producing the grains and fruits. Marble, limestone, an-i rock erj'stals abound. The v. is a small settlement in its centre. Pop. 666, Grant) Like, p. o., Chicot co., Arl: : on the "W. side of the Mb^^issippi r., near the S. E. comer of the State, 153 m. 6. E. Little Rock. GRiN"D lake, Me. : a large collection of water lying on the E. border of Maine, and partly in New Brunswick. It con- tains a large number of islands, and receives the waters of many small lakes and rivers, and is the chief source of St. Croix river. Grand Lepge. p. o., Eaton co., Mich. : 12 m.'W. Lansing. Here is a ledge of sandstone, 20 feet high, along the N. bank of Grand r., and in the neighborhood, iron ore of fine quality is abundant. Grand Marsu, p. o., Columbia co., TTwo. ; 29 m. N. W. Madison. Grand Prairie, t and p. o., Marion co., Ohio: 49 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Scioto r. Surface level ; soil deep and blaek mold, very fertile. Pop. 474. Grand PuAiRrE„p. 0., Prairie co.. Ark. : 31 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Grand Pcairik, t, and p. o Marquette Co., TTmc. ; 49 m. N. by E. Madison. 17 Grand Eapids, p. v., and cap. Kent co., 3fich. : on the S, bank of Grand r., at the rapids so called, 59 m. W. N. W. Lansing. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.; numerous mills and workshops, warehouses, stores, etc., and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is one of the most important places In Michigan, and has great conveniences for an extensive com- merce, being the natural depOt of the country above. There are published in the village two newspapers, the *' G. R. In- quirer"* (dem.), and the " G. River Eagle" (whig), weekly is- sues. Building material of every description is found in the neighborhood, and salt springs within a few miles. It is approached to the foot of the rapids by lake steamers and other cratl, and a c^nal is proposed to overcome the fell, which is here 15 feet, and by employing the entire voluma of water, an immense hydraulic power can be obtained. On the opposite side of the river are Indian mounds and burial places, and many remains of ancient habitation* and corn fields. Pop. of v. 2,e4C.— of t. 3,149. Grand Rapii'S, p. v., Portage co., Wise: on 'Wisconsin river. 9S m. N. by W, Madison. The river in this co. is full of rapids and portages, affording water-power of great ex- tent, which is used in many places for the transportation of lumber, large quantities of which are annually sent down to St. Louis. The pineries commenee about 80 m. above Fnrt Vv'innebago, and here a railroad, 2 m. long, the first in Wisconsin, has been constructed to convey tho logs from the forest to the mills. Grand River, p. o., Caldwell co.^ Mo.: 123 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Grand River, p. o., Wajiie county, In.: 112 m. S. W. Iowa City. Grand ri^er, Utah Ter. : a large constituent of the Rio Colorado of California. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, in the neighborhood of Long's Peak and the "Parks," whence its course is generally W. S. W. to a junction with the main river, in about 3S° N. lat. In its upper course it has many rapids and falls. Grand river, Mick.: the largest stream lying wholly within the State. It rises in Washtenaw and Hillsdale counties by two branches, which unite in Jackson co. From this point the river has a very serjientine course, but runs generally in a W. direction to Lake Michigan. It is about 270 m. long, including its windings, and at ils moutli, be- t^'e^n 50 and 65 rods wide, and of sufficient depth to ad- mit vessels of lees than 12 feet draft. It is navigable 240 miles for batteauj!, and receives in its course as its principal tributaries, Rouge, Flat, Maple, Looking-glass, and Red Cedar rivers, from the N.. and Thomapple r. from the S. It is navi-^able for steamboats 40 m. to the Great Rapids, below which it has nowhere less than 4 feet water. The river is subject to freshets, and the intervales in some placet to inundations. At the Rapids it sometimes rises 15 feet, but at its mouth seldom more than a fooL Many flourishing villages are now located on the banks of Grand river. Grand Saline, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Iml. Tor Grand Spring, p. o., Dane co.. Wise. Grand Traverse, p. o., Michilimackinac co., J/toA. ; 172 m. N. N. W. Lansing. Grand Traverse bay : a considerable inlet of Lake Michigan, which sets up into the land in the N. W. part of Maekinac county. Grand Traverse i-slands. 3rich. : a cluster of islands lo- cated at the entrance of Green Bay into Lake Michigan. Tbey'number ten or twelve, the largest of which are Pala- wat'in, Plum. Detroit. Bnllc. etc. Orami View, p. o., Edgar co., ///, ; at the head of Big cr. of Wabash r., 93 m. E. by S. Springfield. It is In the midat of a beautiful and fertile rolling prairie. Pop. 1,-337. Grand Vfew. p. v., Louisa co.. /(?..■ about 2 m.'W. Of Muscatine Shuigh, 31 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Grand View, t. and p. v.. Washington co., Ohio: 106 ra. E. S. E. (Columbus. Drained by creeks of Ohio r., which makes its S. E. border. Surface on the r. fertile bottoms. QRA and in the uplands hilly, and flc only for grass. The v. lies on the Ohio, about 13 m. above NewporU Pop. 1,154. Grasdtillk, p. v., Kcut CO., Mich. : on Ihe S. side of Grand r, at the confluence of Buck and Rush creeks, C3 m. VI. N. W. Lansing. The river is navigable for Hrst-class steamers to this poinU It contains several mills, factories, and mechanic shops, and about COO inhabitants. Consid- erable water-power is furnished by the streams, and in the vicinity are e.^tensivo pineries, and within 8 m. are salt gprings and gypsum beds. It was scUlcd in 1S3,5, and is now one of tlio most flourishing villages in the W. part of the Slate. Gk.ikgee county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains S54 sq. m. Drained by branches of Clinch r.. Its N., and Dol- elon r. its S. boundary, large tributaries of the Tennessee. Snrfaeo elevated in miildle, and rough, but sloping toward the rivers, where It is more even and vcrj' fertile. Toe grains are the chief agricultural jiroducls. Farms "23 ; manuf. 34; dwell. 1,S94, and pop,— wh. II.ITO, tr. col. 163, a. 1,035— total 12,370. Capitut: Rutledge. Geangek, t and p. o., Alleghany eo., JV". T.: 214 m. TV. Albany. Drained by atllucnls of Genesee r.. which flows Jhrough it. Surface tmdulating ; soil sandy and clay loiun. Pop. 1,301. Ceangee, t. and p. v., Medina connly, Oliio : 105 m. K. E. Columbus. Drained by afHuents of Cuyahoga and Eocky rivers, the surface forming a watershed between the waters of the two streams. Tho v. Is situate in tlio centre. Pop. of 1. 1,212. GEAKOERSvn.i.E, p. V., Macon county, Ga. : 79 m. S. W. Uilledgeville. «KAKGEEviLi,E, p. T., Saratoga co., 2\. X.: li. m. K. Albany. Geanite, p. 0., Knox county, III. : 91 uu N. W. by W. Springfield. Geaxiteville, p. v., Edgefield disl., S. Car. : on the line of the South Carolina E. V,., 11 m. from Harrisburg, and 62 m. S. W. Columbia. Oeant county, Ind. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 426 sq. m. Drained by Mississinewa r., an affluent of the Wabash, and its triliutarlcs. Except on the borders of the chief streams, which are beautifully rolling, the county is quite level, and was originally timbered. Soils rich, and of a more than average fcrtilily. Farms 900; manuf. .W ; dwell. 1,8J4, and pop.— wh. 10,945, fr. coL 147— total 11,092. Capital: Marion. • Ga.UiT county, Kr/. Situate N., and contains 211 sq. m. Drained by Eagle cr., a branch of Kentucky r., and afHu- ents of Licking r. and the Ohio. Surface divcrsifled ; soils TOrious. Corn and tobacco are raised largely. Farms 730; manuf 15; dwell. 1,031, and pop.— wh. 6,994, fr. col. 5, si. 532— toUil 6,531. Ca'2>ital : WaVamsUivin. PuliUcWor/cs: Lexington and Conngton R. II. Geant county. Wise. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 1,122 sq. m. Tho TVisconsin r. bounds it N., and on the S. and S. W. the Mississippi. Tlio interior is drained by Blue, Grant, Platte, and other rivers. The surface is considerably broken, but the soils are highly prodnctivc, and the whole county abounils in galena or le.ad ore, which is e.\tcnsively Smelted. Farms 704; manuf. 73; dwell. 2,SC1, and pop.— wh. 16.140, fr. col, 80— total 16.170. Capital : Ijuicaster. PuUia WorH: Milwaukie and Mississippi K. E. Grant, p.o.. Grant CO., Tml. : 54 m. N. K. Indianapolis. Qrantuam, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., K. Jlamp. : 83 m. IT. TV. Concord. Drained by heads of Sugar r. of the Connecticut. Surface various. Corydon Monntjiln lies in the TV. part, and in tho E. there are low lands, adapted to tillage. It contains a noted mineral spring. The In- hatiitanLs are mostly farmers. Pop. 7S4. Gp.ANTSBOROucin, p. v., Campbell county, Tbrwk.* 157 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Grant's Creek, p. o.. Swily.erland co..Tnf7.: at the mouth of s cr. of Ohio r. ao called, S7 m. S. E. Indinnapolie. 2SS GRA Grant's Lick, p. o., Campbell co., E'y. : on a cr. of Lick- ing r. 60 called, 67 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. Gcantstiu-e, p. T., Alleghany CO., Md. : on the National Koad, 27 m. TV. Cumberland. Geantille county, aV. Car. Situate on N. line, and coi> tains 624 sq. in. Drained by affluents of the Eoanoke, and upper streams of Tar and Neuse rivers. Surface agreeably diversified, with some high land and considerable watei^ power. Tobacco is the great staple. Cotton Is raised e-xtensively. Farms 1,074; manuf. 55; dwell. 2.093, and pop.— wh. 10,290, fr. col. LOSS, si. 9,SG5 — total 21,249. Capital: 0.\ford. Public Woi-k4: Gaston and P.alcigh Railroad. Geantixle, p. v., Delaware co., Ind. : on the lert banK of Mississinewa r.. 57 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Pop. about 200. Tho Fort TVayne and Southern E. E., as projected, will pass near or through the ■village. Granville, t. and p. o., TT'ashington Co., ^. T. : 5*2 m. N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Pawlet r. of Lake Cham- plain. Surface somewhat broken and uneven; soil clay loam, and fertile. The v. is situate on Pawlet r., and on the line of the Rutland and TVashinglon R. P.. ; it has several manufactures, and about 600 inhabitants. Tho t. h.is nu- merous mills, woolen factories, a pottery, etc., and 8,434 inhabitants. Granville, t and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio: 27 in, E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by TV. fork of Licking river, which furnishes great water-power. Surface and soil adapt- ed to agriculture. The t. was settled in 1S05 by immigrants fVom Granville, Mass. The v. contains furnaces, mills, mechanic shops, and about 771 inhabitants, and about 1 mile E. of the v. is Granville College, a Baptist institution, founded In 1S31. In the academic department, in 1350, it had 5 professors, 60 alumni, and 35 students, with a library of 6,000 volumes; and in the theological department 2 pro- fessors and S students, with a library of 800 volumes. The " Granville Intelligencer" is Issued weekly. Population of t. 2,116. GRANvrLiE, t. and p. o.. Bradford eo., Penn. : 102 m. M. Harrisburg. Drained by Tonawanda and other creeks of the N. branch of gnsqnehanna r. Surface varied ; soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 797. Granville, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn.: on tho led bank of Cumberland r., 54 m. E.by N. Nashville. Ora.wille, p, v., Monongalia co., rirg. : on Dunkard'B cr. of Monongahela r., 202 m. N.TV. Richmond. It contains warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. Granville, t. and p. v., Addison county, Venn. : 23 ni. S. S.TV. Monlpelier— formeriy known as Kingston. DraineiJ by heads of TVhite r., one of which falls 100 feet, 50 of which perpendicularly. Surface mountainous. Tho v. is a scat- tered solUemeiit on the E. side of the river. PopulaUon oft. 042. Granville, p. v., Putnam county. III. : 100 m. N. by K. Springfield. Granville, U and p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wi-ir.: 78 m. E. by N. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie river and its branches, on one of which the v. is located. Grape Grove, p. a, Greene co., Ohio: 56 m.TV.S. TV. Columbus. Grape Island, p. o., Tyler co., Urff.: on an Island of Oliio r. so called, 237 m. N.TV. Richmond. Grape Vine, p. o.. Perry co., Ky. : lOS m. S. E. Frankfort. Grass Hills, p. o., Carroll county, Xy. : U m. N. by TV. Frankfort. HAS3 Laee, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 40 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the E. branch of Grand r,, which has its source here in several small lakes. Surface elevated and varied ; soil deep black mold. The p. o. is located in the v of Leoni, at tho outlet of Grass Lake, artd on the line of the Michigan Central R. P.., which traverses tho N. TV. part of tho tijwn. Pop. 1,SS1 GRA GRA Gkass Lakd, p. o., narrison co., ]lrff. : '200 m. N. W. Eichniorni. Geass river, X, Y. : a tributary of St. Lawrence r. from New York. It rises in the S. K. part of St. Lawrence co., and flows in a N. direction to the St. Lawrence, whicli it enters opposite to Cornwall Island, Canada. Grass Valley, p. v., Butte co.. Calif.: on the middle forkof tbeFeallierr., 173 m, N. E. Vjdifjo. In the vicinity Is one of the raost productive gold-diggings in the Slate, population 2.500. Grassy Cove, p. a. Bledsoe ca, Tenn, ; 94 m. R 8. E. Nashville. Grassy Creek, p. v., Pendleton co., Ki/. ; on a cr. of Licking r. so called : 53 m. N. E. Frankfort. Grassy Creek, p. o., Yancey co.. A'. Oir. : on a cr. of Noliehuckyf.si I called; 1112 ni. W. llalciglu Grassy Po^d, p. o., SpartaiiburgIidi3l.,iS. Car.: near the State line, 86 m. N. N. W. Cnlumlna. Gra.=;sy Valley, p. v., Harrison co., Jnd. : on the E. Bide of Indian cr., 4 m. from the Ohio r., and lOS m. S, In- dianapolis. G ratiot county, 3fich. Sitoate centrally In Lower Penin- Bula. and contains 576 sq. ra. Drained by Pine r. in theN., waters of which flow into Lake Huron, antl Maple r., which empties through Grand r. into Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, and well timl)cred with pine in the N.; soils adapted to grass and the grains. Unorganized in 1S50. Gratiot, p. v., Muskingum oo., Ohiv: 42 m. E. C-olumbus. Gbatiot. p. v., Lafayette co., n7sc ; on tlie Picaunica r., ^ m. S. W. Madison. Gratis, t. and p. o., Preble co., Ohio : 84 m. W. S. "W. Columbus. Drained by creeks flowing into Miami r. Sur- face diversified; soils light and fertile. It is a well culti- vated country, and has 2,117 inhabitants. GEATrruDE, p. 0., Sussex co., 2i. Jer. : 69 m. S. Trenton. Geattan, t. and p. o., Kent county, Mic7t.: 57 m. N. "VV. Lansing. It is drained by numerous small lakes, which empty into creeks flowing to Grand r. Surface elevated and level; soil deep and fertile.. The t has abundance of fine timber. Pop. 64S, Gratz, p. v., Paupliin countj, PenTi.: 27 m. Zs. by E. Harrisburg. Geave Ckefk. p. 0., Marshall Co., Tlrff.: on a cr. of Ohio r. so called. 235 in. N. W. Ilichmond. Geavel IIiLL, p. o., McXairy co., T^nv. : IIS m. S. "W. Kashville. Gravel Hill, p. o., Buckingham co., Mrg. : 51 m. W. Xiichmond. Gravelly Hill, p. o., Bhuk-n co., K. Oar.: S5 nL S. Kaleigh. Gravelly Spring, p. o., Lauderdale co,, Ala.: ITS m. N. N. "\V. Montgomery. Gr.AVEL PiDGE, p. 0., Bradley co., Ark. : 06 m. S. S. E. Little Pock. Gravel Pttn, p. o., "Washtenaw co.. 3fi'-7i,: on an afflu- ent of Huron r. so called, 52 m. S. E. Lansing. Gravel Spring, p. o., Frederick w., Virg. : 126 m. X. N. W. Fvichmond. Graves county, Kt/. Situate W., and contains 540 sq.m. Drained by Mayfield r. and Little Oliion r., amuents of Mississippi r., and in the E. by affluents of the Oliio. Sur- face generally level, and soil very productive of wheat, com, and tobacco. Farms 1,279; manuf. 35; dwell 1,694, and pop.— wh. 9,949, fr. coL 9, sL 1.439— tolil 11,387. aipitul: Mayfield. Gr.wes, p. o., Hempstead county, Arl-.: 1^3 in. S. W. Utile Pock. Geaves, p. v., Caswell co.. IT. Car. : 66 m. K. "W. Paleigh. Gbavesesd, t .and p. v., Kings co., .V. Y.: S m. S. New Tork City. Drained by several creeks. The t faces on the Atlantic, and includes " C-'ney Island," a place of resort for tbc citizens of Xew York in the bathing-.'cason. Surface generally level, with extcnaivo salt marshea and sandy hil- locks. The V. contains a Dutch Reformed Church, and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of the 1. 1,064. Geaveb Fkhry, p. o., Ohio co., Ky. : 131 m. W. S. W. Frank for L Grave's Mux, p. o., Madison co., Virg.: "G m. N. "W. Eichmond. GKAVESviLLE,p.T., Herkimer CO., J^* Y. : 71m. W. N. TV. Albany. Gray, U and p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 46 m. S. W. Augusta. Draint-d by branches of Presumpscut and Nvrth Yarmouth rivers, and it contains a large part of Little Seba., > Pond. It is a line farming country, and has some manufactures. Fop. 1,7SS. Gray PorK, p. o., Titus county, Tew.: 2S0 m. N. E. Austin City. GRAYSiiURG.p.o., Greene CO.. TewT?. ; 226 m. E. Na3h\'ille. Gray's Creeic, p. o., Cumberland co., A^. Car. Gray's Ckoss Koads, p. o., Puiudolph co., 2^. Car.: 93 m. "W. lialeigh. Gray'6 harbor, Orcg. Ter.: a fine bay In the N. "W. of Oregon, into which the Chehalis r. empties. It is about 12 m. deep, and in its widest part about 5 m. The entrance is about 2J m. wide. This harbor takes its name from CapL Gray, the celebrated discoverer of the Columbia r. and other important points, this among others, along the N. W. coast. GEAY30N county, A'y. Situate "W. centrally, and con- tains G51 sq. ra. Nolin cr. on the S. E., and Rough cr. on the N. W., tributaries of Green r., with numerous aflluenta, drain it. Surface various, with some good mill-sites. Soil of average productiveness. C'<.>rn and tobacco are the lead- ing productions. Farms 824 ; manuf. 14 ; dwell. 1,065, and pop.— wh. 6,512, fr. col. 5, si. 320— total 6,SST. Capital: Litchfield. Puhlic W"rks: Nashville and Louisville R. R. Grayson county, Tex, Situate N. on Red r., and con- tains 956 sq. m. Drained by Big Mineral, Little Mineral, Iron Ore creeks, and Choctaw Baye>u in the N., and in the S. by many head streams ofTrinity r., which empties into Galveston Bay. Surface mostly undulating, with a few low hills on Red r. Soil on Red r. consists of a rich, black, friable mold, often very deep, and everywhere of almost in- credible fertility: this is the cotton region, The interior is more sandy, and alTords good grazing. Iron ore is abund- ant, particularly on Choctaw Bayou. Farms 171 ; manuf. ; dwell. 295, rnd pop.— wIl 1,722, fr. coL 0, sL 136— totid 1,90S. Capital: Sherman. Grayson county, Virg. Situate "W. on S. line, and c- tains 494 sq. m. Intersected by New r. (the npper portion of Great Kanawha r.), and drained by its branches and Laurel Fork, the head of Holston r. Surface very elevated — in parts mountainous, with productive valleys between, .and abundance of water-power. A good grazing and farm- ingcounty. FannsG04; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,001, and pop. — wh. 6,142, fr. coL 36, si 499— totiil 6,677. Capital: Green- ville. CiRA^-BON, p. v., and cap. Carter co., K^. : on the W. side of Little Sandy r., 117 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It has a court-house, two stores, and about 160 Inhabitants. Gbavson, p. v., Crittenden co., ArL: 110 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Geavson C. II., p. o., and cap. Grayson co., Virg.: in the V. of Greensville, on the right bank of New r., 193 m. W. S. W. Richmond, The v. contains a court-house, jatl, etc.. se^enil stores and mechanic shops, and about 200 Inhabitants. Grayson Springs, p. o., Grayson county, Xy.: lOS nu \Y. B. W. Frankfort Grai-son SiarHTTB Spf.ings, p. o., Carroll co., Virg. : 1S4 m. W. S. W. Richmrmd. Graysport, p. v., Yallabusha co., ^H-ss. : on tho S. side of Yallabusha r., 110 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Geay's Valley, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 113 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. 259 GRA GRE Gbatsville, p. o., Monroo co., Ohio: on a tributary cr. of the Muskingum, 96 in. E. by S. Columbus. Gkaysville, p. T., Herkimer co., It'. Y. : 73 m. W. X. "W. Albany. GiiATsviLLE, p. v., Huntingdon county, Peniu: 79 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Geatville, p. v., "White county, III.: 119 m. S. E. Springfii-ld. Gkeasy Cbeek, p. 0., Floyd co., Virg. : 173 m. W. S. 'W'. Richmond. Gkeasy Creek, p, o., Polk co., Tann. : 144 m. E. S, E. Naahville. Great Barringtox, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfass.: 118 m. W. Boston. Drained by Ilousatonic r. and its branches. Surface, cxerpl in ttie valley of the river, un- even and hiiiy ; soil generally fertile, and on the hills fine for grazing. Monument Mountain is a lofty eminence, and presents much wild and picturesque scenery. Iron ore and variegated marble abound. The v. is situate on the E. side of the river, and on the line of the Ilousatonic E. II., 85 m. irom Bridgeport. It is a considerable place, and has sev- eral manufactures. Van Deusenville is a pleasant v. 2 m. N. of the principal v. Two newspapers are published in the t., the " Berksiiire Courier" (wliig) and the " Transeript" (whig), both weeklies. The manufactures coneist of cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, hats, pig iron, tin- ware, etc. Pop. of t. 3,2C3. Great bay, Ilockingham co., N. ITainp, ; in the S. E. part of the State. It is formed by the united ivaters of Swamscot, Winnicul, and Lamprey rivers, and its waters pass N. E. through Little Bay, where Oyster r. unites with the current which passes into Piscataqua r. It is 4 m. wide. Great bay, Belknap co., ^V. ITamp. : an expansion of the outlet of Lake "Winnipiseogee, and discharges its waters through "VN'innipiseogec r. Into the Connecticut. Hound and Long bays are situate between the lake and Great Bay, and there are two small bays in the river below Great Bend, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: at the great bend of Black r., 1.33 m. N. W. Albany, It contains sev- eral mills and about 200 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Black river. Grjiat Bend, p. o., Meigs county, Ohio : 92 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Great Bekp, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penii. : 132 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by affluents of Susque- hanna r. Surface hilly ; soil generally good, especially so in the valleys. The v. is situate on both side of Susque- hanna r., over which is a large covered bridge. The two parts of the v. are about a mile apart. It contains several Bpacious stores and about 400 inhabitants. As a station on the New York and Erie R. K. it is important, for it is placed at a great converging point of trade wiih many tliriving towns in Pennsylvania, and the Legget's Gap li. il. runs hence into the Lackawanna ooal and iron region. A lar^e amount of business is done here, and the v. is rapidly fill- ing up with an enterprising population. Pop. of the t. 1,150. Great Bridge, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg.: 72 m. S. E. Eichmond. Great Crossings, p. o., Scott co., K*/. : on Elkhorn cr., 5 m. \V. of Georgetown and 16 m. E. N. E. Frank f(irL The Choctaw Academy was formerly locate-E county, Tnd. Situate S. W., and oontains .5.^ sn. m. The W. fork of White r. divides it almost equally, jmd it lias other streams which afford mill-sites. Surface rather hilly E.. but level W. ; soils, clay, variously mixed. The products arc wheat, com, and tobacco ; lead, coal, and Iron are abundant Famis 1,227; manuf. 39; dwell. 2 089, and pop.— wh. 12,233, and ft. col. 75— total 12,31.3. ' 261 GRE Gllri Capital: Bloomfleld. PulUo Work-^: Wabash and Erie Canal; Viucennes and In'lianapolis E. R., etc. Geeene county. lU. Situate AV., and contiiiDS-564 sq. m. Drained by Applo and Macoupin creeks, affluents of the Illinois r., wliich makes its W. line. Surface level, partly prairie and partly limbered ; soil highly productive. This is in the coal region, and coal \s abundant and easily ot>- tained. Co^n is the agricultural staple. Farms 1,155; mannf. 27 ; dwell. 2.024, and pop.— wh. 12,839, fr. col. 60— total 12,489. Cajyital: Carrollton. Gkeene county, Ja. Situate W. centrally, and contains 6T6 sq. ra. Drained by Eaccoon r., a tributary of the Des Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. Greene county, Ky, Situato centrally, anot of Blue Eidge, and contains 113 sq. m. Drained by Conway r., a head of the liappahannock, and Eivanna r., a branch of the James. Surface elevated and broken, with fino water-power; soil fertile, producing tobacco and the cereals abundantly. Farms 301 ; manuf. 24; dwell. 494, and pop. — wh. 2.C67, fr. col. &i, si., 1,699— total 4,400. Capital: Stannardsville, Greene county, Wisr. Situate S., and contains 592 sq. ro. Drained by Pctitonica r. and Sugar cr., head waters of Eock r., which runs through Illinois into the Mississippi. Sur* face level ; soils rich, with some prairie and good pasturage. The grains thrive abundantly. Lead mines are worked successfully, and copper is also found. Farms 763; manut 45 ; dwell. 1,431, and pop.— wh. 8,563, fr. col. 0— total S,56a Capital : Monroe. Greene coxmty, Ala. Situate "W. middle, and contains 911 sq. m. Tombigbee r. forms its W, boundary, and thd BKick AVarrior flows S. through the middle, by whose aA fluents it is drained. Surface varied, in parts hilly, in parts level meadow. Soil very fertile, producing heavy crops of cotton, the staple, and corn and some wheat. Tt has abund- ant water-power, and growing manufactures of flour,leather, cotton goods, and machinery. Farms 1,310 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 1,730, and pop.— wh. 9,265, fr. col. 49, si. 22,127— total 31,441. Capital : Eutaw. Greene, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me.: 24 m. S. W. Augusta. Dr.iined by ponds and rivulets of Androscoggin r., which makes its E. border. Surface level; soil well adapted to grain producing. The v is a pleasant place on the E. bank of the Androscoggin. The Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. passes through the town. Pop. 1,347. Greene, p. v.. Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : on Crooked cr., 116 m. S. E. Jefitrson City. Greene, t. and p. v., Chenango county, ^1 T. : 105 m-. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its trib- utiiries. Surface hilly and broken; soil generally fertile. The V. is situate on the line of the canal where it crosses the river, and contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, and about SOO inhabitants. Fop. of t. 8,7S1. Greene, p. o., Lancaster county, Perm. : 44 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Geefne, p. o.. Noble county, Ind,: 114 m. N. N. E* Indianapolis. Pop. 319. Greene's Store, p. c, Lawrence county, Ohio: 96 ra. S. S. E. OMumbus. Greenfield, p. v., and cip. Hancock co., Jnd. : on tha W. side of Brandywine or Swamp cr.. 20 m. E. Indianap- olis. It was settled in 1S2S, and contains a court-Iiouse and other CO. buildings, and has 1,019 inhabitants. The Na- tional Eoad and the Indiana Central E. E. pass through it. The " S])ectator," a weekly newspaper, is published here. Geekneield, p. v., Greene co., JU. : ^i m. S. W. Spring* field. Pop. about 200. GREE.NFiELn, p. v., and cap. Dade co., Mo. : about 1 m. "W. of Sac river, a branch of Osage river, 122 m. S. "VT. Jefferson City. Greeniiei.o. t., p. 0., and cap. Franklin co., Masjf. : 90 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by Greeufleld r., a branch GRE of De^ rnel.l r., which affords oxcellcnt water-power. Sur- face varied ; soil ferlllo ami well cultivated. The Connecti- cut r., llie recipient of its waters, wm.l8 along its S. E. bor- der The V. is pleasantly situate and well I'uilt; it has cluirches of all denominations; several good academics and common schools, nuich trade, and is a manufacturing vil- la.-e of considerable cck-lirity, il.s manufactures consisting of'^cutlcry, boots and shoes, castings, guns, pistols, rifles, and iron work generally, harness, saddles, and a great variety of articles of domestic utility. Book publishing is also an ancient and valuable branch of business, and many works of lasting merit, especially on the subject of law, liave issued from ils'prcss. It has three newsp.tpcrs, the ■' Gazette and Courier" (whig), the " Franklin Democrat" (dcm.1. and the "American Itepublio" (free soil), all issued weekly. Cop- per and iron ores are found in this town. Pop. i,r>^0. Geeenfield, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., iV. If imp.: 28 m S W Concord. Drained by affluents of Conloocook river which Hows along its W. border. There are also several largo ponds. Surface llUly and uneven; soil of moderate fertility: the liills afford good pasturage, and the rallcys and plains are favorable for grain. Crotchet and Lyndcborough mountains arc partly in this town. Tlie v. is situate almost centrally, and is a neat agricultural settle- ment, indicative of the staple industry of llic town, which is almost whoUy devoted to farming. Pop. of t. 711.. Gkeexfielp, p. v., Poinsett county, Ark. : 91 m. N. t. Little Eock. „ w GKEENrmLD, p. T., Highland county, Ohw: on the W. eido of Paint cr., « m. S. S. W. Columbus. There are nu- merous manufacturing estaWishmenta in the vicinity, and the Tillage, through which will pass the Cincinnati, Hills- boroS and Parkersburg E. E., is a flourishing place of some 100 or 1,000 inhabitants, with numerous stores and mechanic slL.ps. A line quality of limestone, suiUble for building, is quarried near the village. Gr.EENFiELD, t. and p. o., Erie co., Penn. .- 204 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by N. branch of French cr. Surface diversif ed ; soil fertile. Pop. 930. Gkeexfielb, p.T., Sullivan county, Tean. : 2 13 m. E. by N. Nashville. Greesfield, p. T., Nelson county, Hrff. .• 82 m.TiV.by N. Eichmond. GEEENFiELn, t. and p. v.. Milwaukio co., TlVsc- 72 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by creeks of Milwaukie and Boot rivers. Surface level ; soil of groat fertility, and deep. The v. lies on the N. brancli of P.oot r.. and contains about 200 inhabitants. A plank road, running S. W. from Mil- waukie, passes through the town, inlersecting the t. S m. from Milwaukie. Pop. 1,S94. « Gkeenfielo. t. and p. o., Hancock co., JL;.: 96 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Olanion and Sunkhazo rivers, afflu- ents of Penobscot r. Surfiicc uneven; soil generally fer- tile. It is a fine grazing country, and is entirely devotcil to fiirming. Pop. 305. Gkeekfieed Centee, p. v., Saratoga Co., A' T. .• 33 m. N. by "W. Alliany. Grfj:mield ITiLL, p. o., r.airflcld county, Cnnn. : 66 m. 8. W. Hartford. Geeenfielp Mieis, p. o., Frederick co., 3fd. : on Mono- cacy r.. 6 in. above its confluence with tlic Potomac, and 1 1 m. S. of Frederick City. There are 9 or 10 dwellings here, and about 00 inhal)itants. The vicinity is thickly settled. Gkeesfoed, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 139 m. N. E. Columbus. Gbf.en Gkove, p. o., Luzcrno co., Pmii.: 87 ni. N. E. Harrisburg. GuEES IIiEL, p. o., Stewart comity, tfti. ; 126 m. S. W. Uilledgeville. Gr.EEN- lliix, p. o.. Lauderdale co.. .'I^i. ; 1S1 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Geeen Hill. p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. Columbus. Gr.ECN Hill, p. o., Wilson county, Teim. : 14 m. & Nashville. Green Hill, p. o., CampbeU co., rirg. : 97 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. GiiEEN Hill, p. o., Kutlierford county, X. Car. : 218 n» "W. a. W. Ealeigli. Geeen island, K T. : in the Hndson r., opposite Troy. It is abont 3 m. long and half a mile wide. It is now used chiefly for railroad depOts. Geeen Lake, t, and p. c, Marquette Co., WUc: on the lake so called, 67 m. N. by E. Madison. Pop. 725. Geeen Lanp, t. and p. o., Eockingham Co., if. ITump. : 39 m. E. S. E. Concord. Drained into Great Bay, which lies on the N. border. Surface level and low ; soil fertile, produein" fruit .and vegetables largely for the markets of Portsmouth, from which it is distant 5 m. The t. has sew eral mills and stores, and 789 inhabitants. Green LRiF, p. o., De Soto CO., Miss.: 159 m. N. by E. Jackson. Geeen Level, p. o., Southampton county, Yi.rg.: ii m. S. ^. E. Richmond. Green Level, p. o., Wake co., K. Car. Geeen Meai>ow, p. o., Washington Co., Tenn. ; 240 m,a Nashville. Green Moitnt, p. o., Adams Co., Pemi.: 4S m. 8. W. Harrisburg. Geeen mountains, rerm. : a northern range of tho Alleghany .Mountains, rising in Canada East, and passing in a°direetion N. and S. through Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and terminating near New Haven, on Lon» Island Sound. Their verdant appearance originated theirnomenelaturc, and also gave name to the State of Vo mont They decrease in height as they approach the i Mansfield Monnt.ain, the highest peak of the range, is 4,279 feet above the sea level; Camel's Enmp, 4,190 feet ; Killing, ton Peak, 3,675 feet ; and Ascutney Mountain, 8,820 feet Geeen Oak, t. and p. o., Liviiig8t-;>n co., Mich. : 47 TO, E S E Lansing. Drained by the upper waters of Huron r. ami several lakes emptying into it. Surface level; BoU deep and fertile. Timber is abund.ant. Pop. 941. Greenock, p. v., Crittenden co., Ark. : on the W. bank of Mississippi r., 136 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Geeen Plains, p. o., Hancock CO., III. : 93 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Geeen Plaiss, p. o., Northampton co., A'. Car.: 81 itt N. E. Raleigh. „ >t -n Gkeen Plains, p. o., St. Francis co., Ark. : 76 m. E. N. i% Little Eock. Green Point, p. v.. Kings cc, K Y. : at the connuence of Newtown cr. with the East r., opposite New York City, and above Williamsburg. This is a new village, ehiefiy built up by persons doing business in New York, and who have their residences hero. The improvements within a year or two have been great, and it has many substantial brick houses, etc. Pop. about 3,000. G REEN Pond, p. o., Union dist., & Car. : 81 m. N. N. W. C^'luinbia. G reenpoet, p. v.,- Suffolk CO., A^ K •■ near the end of ths N E. caudal extremity of Long Island, 124 m. S. E. Albany, and by railroad 95 m. from New York City. The steamboat route across the Sound to Stoninglon is 20 m. It is a thnw ing village, with numerous mechanic shops, stores, etc., a weekly newspaper, Uie " Republican Watchman," and about SOO inhabitants. Several whaling vessels and nume. rous coasters are owned here. The harbor is deep, capo* eious, well sheltered, and seldom closed by ice; it is one o( the best on the coast, and admits the largest class of shipping Gkeenpoet, p. v.. Cedar county, Mo.: 102 m. S. W, .Jefferson City. Geeen Eivee, p. 0., Henry co., III. : on an affluent of Eock r. so called, US m. N. N. W. Springfield. GuEFJt EivER, p. 0., Columbia county, N. Y. : 81 m. S. & Albany. GRE Gbikn Eiteb, p. o.,'n'indham Co., Verm. : on the W. side j of tlio r. so called, lOS m. S. Montpclier. I Gkeks Eiver, p. o., Eulherford CO., JK Car. : on the r. so called, 204 m.W. S.W. Ealeigh. Gekk-v RrraE, p. c, Hart co., Jy. ; on the r. bo called, 88 m. S. W. Frankfort. Gkien river, Ay. .■ a large tribnlory of Ohio r. It rises Id the highlands of Lincoln Ckiunly, and after a course (tencrally W. and N. W., enters the Ohio r. 50 m. above the mouth of Cumberland r., and 200 m. below Louisville. It is 2011 yards wide at its mouth, and is bontable for more than 200 miles. Ghef.n's, p. 0., Folk counly, Tex. : 1S4 m. E. by N. Austin Cily. Gmen's Blitf, p. o., Jefferson co., Tex. : on Neches r., 232 m. E. Austin City. Gp.EEKSBOEorGH, p. T., Grceo county, Ala. : 79 in. ■W. N. W. Montgomery. The vicinity is famous for its Hnc cotton. Geeexbboeocgh, p. v., and cap. Greene CO., Ga. .■ on the Georgia E. E., S4 m. from Augusta, and S" m. from Atlanta —86 m. N. Milledgevillo. GEKENSBoEocon, p. V., Hcnrv co., Ind. : on Duck er. of Bluer., 36 m.' E. by N. Indianapolis. Pop. about 30O. The Fort Wayne and Southern E. E. will pass near or through this village. GKEESSBOEorcn, p. v., Ciroline co., J/iZ. ; on theW. side of Choptank r, 43 m. E. Annapolis. GEEENSBOEOrGU, p. v., and cap. Choctaw CO., Itim. ■■ on one of the head branches of Big lilaek r., 93 m N. N. E. Jackson.' It contains a court-house, etc., and about 400 in- habitants. The vicinity is a fine cotton region, and is well fiettled. Geeensboeough, p. v., and cap. Guilford co., X.Car.: between the N. and S. branches of Buffalo cr. of Haw r., 75 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores, and about COO inhabitants. Two periodicals »rc published here— a weekly, the " G. Patriot" (whig), and the " Common School Advocate" (educat.), monthly. It is on the line of the North Carolma E. E., and the S. terminus oftheDanvUleE. R. OEEEXSEOEOtroH, p. T., Greene co., Penn. : on the W. side of Monongahela r., 16S m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. GnEEXSEOEoron, t.. Orleans co., Venn. : 29 m. N. E. by N. Monlpelier. Drained by the heads of Ijimoille r. Cajspian and other lakes are in this t. the outlets of which afford water-power. Surface uneven : soil moderately fertile. The V. on Lamoille r. is a small settlement, and has sever.al mills. Pop.l,OOS. Geeensboeoitgh, p. v., and cap. Deonfur co., Ind. : on the heads of Sand cr., 40 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It was laid out in 1521, and contains a court-liouse, etc., numerous stores and mechanic shops, aliout 200 dwellings, and a pop- ulation of 1.202. A newspaper, Ibe '• Clarion," is published weekly. The Lawreneeburg and Upper Mississippi E. E., and the Michigan Eoad pass through the village. The country is fine rolling prairie, and has a rich soil. GnEESSBFEOn, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Kt/.: on the right bank of Greene r., 69 m. S. S. W. Frankforl. It cou- tnins a court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabil.™i.s. The Nashville and Lexington E. E. will probably pass through this village. GREENsBUEGn, p. V., and cap. St. Helena par., Z<7. .' on the W. side of Tickfau r., 42 m. N. E. Baton Eougo. It has a court-house and other county buildings, a UniU'd SLales Land OfHce. and about 200 inhabitants. The Tickfau empties into Lake Maurepas. GEEExsBuEGn, p. v., Greene county, Arl: : 147 m. N. K. I.ltUe Eoek. Gr.EESSBUEGn, p. v.. Trumbull co., Ohio: 156 ro. N. E. Cohuid)US. It contains several mills and mechanic shops, »1th stores, etc.. and about 400 Inhal)itant5. GEKENSBrncn, p. b., and cap. ■Westmoreland co., Penn-. : GRE 146 m. W. Ilarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several churches of different denominations, several facto- ries, numerous stores and mechanic shops, about 180 dwell- ings, and 1.050 inhabitants. Three newspapers are pub- lished in the borough, viz. : the '■ Pennsylvania Argus" (dem.), the " Westmoreland Intelligencer" (whig), and tho '■ Westmoreland Eepublic"— all weekly issues. It is an im- portant dep6t of internal trade, at which the Hempfield E. E. will form a junction with the Pennsylvania system of rail- roads. GnEES'8 CoENEES, p. T., Oneida co., K T. : 96 m.W. N.W. Albany. It is on the lino of the Syracuse and L'tica E. P.., 19 m. from Utica, and 84 from Syracuse. GKEEssBUKon Ceobs Eoads, p. 0., Sandusky co., Ohio. 92 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Geeen's Foek, p. o.,Wayne co., Tnd. : on a fork of White Water r. so called, 5S m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The New- castle and Eicbraond E. E. crosses the stream at this point. Geeenspoet, p. v., St Clair county, Ala. : 97 m. N. Montgomery. Geeen Sprikg, p. 0., Orange county, M Car. .• 47 m. N.W. Ealeigh. Geeen- Sfkixg, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 m. N. Columbus. Geeek Speiso Ers, p. o., Hampshire eo.,Virg. ; 157 m. N. N. W. Eiohmond. Geeexton, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 106 m. W. N. 'W. Jefferson Citv. Geeen Top, p. o., Schuyler co., Mo. : 187 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. Geeentow:?, p. T., Stark county, Ohio: 106 m. N. E. Columbus. Geeextown, p. v., Howard co., Ind. : on Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Geeen Tkee, p. o., AEeghanv county, Pen)!. ; 173 m. W. Harrisburg. Geeexot county, K:/. Situate N. E. comer, and con- tains 339 sq. m. Drained by Tygerfs cr. and Big and Littio Sandy rivers, all which empty into the Ohio, which forms ils N. and N E. boundary. Big Sandy r. also separates tho States of Virginia and Kentucky. Surface somewh.at rough, except on the rivers, where the soil is very rich. The higher parts abound in coal and iron. Com and wheat are easily raised. Farms 458; manuf 20; dwell. 1,529, and pop.— wh. 8,993, fr. col. 60, si. 606— total 9,654. Capital : Green- upsburg. Pullic TToi'ks : Maysville and Big Sandy E. E. Geeexvp, p. v., and cap. Greenup CO., A';/. .• on the S. hank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of Little Sandy r., 123 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It is an important commercial point, and "is intersected by the line of the Maysville and Big Sandy E. E. The V. contains a courl-house and otlier co. build- ings, several groceries and stores, and between 400 and 500 inhabitants. Geeexup, p. v., Cumberland co., PI. : on the E. bank of Embarras r., 86 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Gkeextale, p. o., Jo Daviess co., lU. : 176 m. N. by W. Springfield. Gbeex Valley, p. o., Bath co., Virg. : 183 m. W. by N. Eiclimond. Grekx Valley, p. c, Lafayette county. Miss. : 13S m. N. by E. Jackson. Geeex VrLLAGE. p. T., Franklin co., Perm. Geeentille district. S. Car. Situate N.W., and contains "2-3 sq. m. Drained by Saluda r. in the W. ; and in the E. by Ennoree r.. both he'ad streams of Congaree and Santeo rivers. Surface elevated, and in the N. much broken, \vilh many mill-streams. The soil is productive of all the grains, and cotton is much raised. Farms 1,063 ; manuf RS : dwell. 2,S.M, and pop.— wh. 18,372, fr. col. 93, si. 6,091— tolal 20.156. Capital: OreenviUe. PuUio H'wrfo; Greenville and Co- lumbia E. E. Geeextille county, Yirg. Situate on S. line, and con- tains 448 sq. m. Drained S. by Meherrin r., and N. by Not- GRE GRE taway r.. its N. boundary, both which empty into the Chowan through North Carolina. Surface diversified, and soils of good fertility. Corn, cotton, and tobacco yield largely, and are staples. Farms 242; manuf. 3; dwell. SS5, and pop. — %yh.l,T31,fr. col. 123, si. 8,TS5— total 5,639. Capital: Ilieks- ford. rublic Motl's: Greenville and Roanoke K. E.; Pe- tersburg and Weldou li. R. Geecnville, jj. v., and cap. Butler co., Ala.: on the "W. side of Sepulgah r., 41 in. 8. 9. "W. Montgomery. It is a considerable village, and an important point in relation to the railway system of the State, being the i>oint of junction of the Girard and Mobile R. II. and of the Montgomery and Mobile R. R. Gkehnville, p. v., and cap. Merriwether co., Ga.: S3 m.W. Millediieville. It contains a court-house, etc., several stores, and about 3G0 inbabitants. Greenvu.le, p. v., Floyd county, //«?.; 97 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It contains several stores, etc., and about 350 Inhabitants. Geeentille, p. v., and cap. Bond co., IlL: on the E. fork of Siioal cr. of Kaskaskia r,, 66 m. S. by E. Springtltld. It has a court-house, jail, etc., several mechanic shops and stores, and about 400 inhabitants. The " G. Journal" is published weekly, and the *' Western Fountain," a Meth- odist periodical, semi-monthly Greenville, p. v., and cap. Mecklcnburgh co., Ky.: on on athuent of Green r., 147 ni.W. S. W. Frankfort. It con- tains a court-house and other co. buildings, and about 160 inhabitants. The vicinity is a fine farming region, and thickly settled with an industrious population. Gf.eenville, p. t., and cap. Wayne co., Mo.: on the E. bank of St. Frangois r., 140 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- tains a court-house, several stores, and about 800 inhab- itants. Greenville, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : SG m. N. Augusta. Drained in the E. by Wilson's r. of Uio Sebec, nnd in the W. by streams nnming to Moosehcad Lake, a S. arm of which penetrates into tliis town. Surface hilly; soils good for farming, and the industry of the inhabitants is chiefly devoted to agriculture. There is a small v. or settle- ment on the lake. Pop. of t. 326. Greenville, p. v., and cap. Pitt co.. K Car.: on the S. iide of Tar river. 35 m. above its confluence with Pamlico Sound, 83 m. E. by S. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has 1,S93 inhabitants. Grebn-ville, p. v., Sussex county, ^^. Jer. : 51 m. N. Trenton. Geernville, p. v., Brown co., Wise, : 129 ra. N. E. by N. Madison. Greenville, p. v., nnd cap. Hunt county, Tesc.: 244 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Greenville, t. and p. v., Greene co., K Y. .- 23 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by Provost and Catskill creeks. Surface broken and hilly ; soil clay loam and fertile in gr.as3. The V. lies on Provost er. Pop. of t. 2,242. Greenville, t.. p. v., and cap. Darke co., Ohio : drained by several tributaries of Greenville cr. of the Miami r. Surface diversified ; soil deep and rich, forming one of the finest farming towns in the State. The t. is situal£ on the S. eide of Greenville cr., and below the junction of Mud cr., SI m. W. by X. Columbus, and on the site of old Fort Green- ville, where General Wayne concluded his treaty of peace with the Indians in 179.5. It contains a handsome court- house, a jail, several mechanic shops, manufacturing estab- lisliments anasses along the Hudson. Pop. 3,503. GnEEXwioii, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio : 76 m. N. N. E^ Columbus. Drained by branches of Vermillion r. Surfaeo diversified ; soils deep and fertile. The v. is on the line of the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R., 54 m. from Cleveland, and is a place of considerable business. In the t. there are numerous mills and several manufacturing o tablishments. and 1.050 inhabitants. Greenwich Village, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: an Swift r., 66 m. W. Boston. It lias some manufactures. Greenwood, p. v., Johnson co., Ind.: on the line of tho Madison and Indianapolis R. R., 10 m. S. Indianapolis The v, contains several st, t, and p. v., Livingston co., JV". K ; 201 m. W. by N. Albany. Concsus Lake Ilea on the N. E. corner. Drained by Canaseraga cr. of Genesee r. Surface elevated nnd ridgy ; soil, srtnd and clay loam. The Genesee Val- ley Canal passes through this t. to Danville. Pop. 1.724. Gkoveland, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 1'_'7 m. N. W. Columbus. Geoveland, P- v., Winnebago co., TTi^c. .■ 91 m. N. N. E. Madison. Geoveland Centre, p. o., Livingston co.. A''. Y. : 204 m. W. Albany. Grove Level, p. o., Franklin county, Ga. : 93 m. N. Milled geville. Grove Mount, p. c, Dyer county, Tenn.: 151 m. W. ZfashvUlc. Grovenor's Corners, p. o., Schoharie co., A' Y. Grove Port, p. o., Franklin co., Ohio. Grove's, p. o., Rush county, Ind.: 42 m. E. by 9. Indianapolis. Geovetos, p. v., Prince William co., Virg. : S5 m. N. Richmon which empties into the Iowa and MississippL Surface generally rolling, and soil productive, with some good timber. Unorganized in 1S50. Grl'ndt county. Mo. Situate N., and contains 451 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of Grand r., Waldon r., anrl other afflu- ents of Grand r..a branch of the Missouri. Surface mostly even, and soil ricli prairie or good pasture ground. Farms 255; manuf. 5; dwell. 477, and pop.— wh. 2,756, fr. col. 1, si. 149— total 2.906. Capital: Trenton. Guadalupe county, Teic. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 912 sq. m. Drained by Guadalupe r., which dirides it about equally, and is a large and important stream; in the N. E. by San Marco r., its N. E. boundary, and in the S. W. by Cibolo r., its S. W- boundary. Surface broken ia the W., but generally a rolling prairie; soil on the rivers, the characteristic black mold of the region, inexhaustible in its fertility ; between them sand ia mixed with it, but it is very productive. Cotton and the grains are abundantly produced; sugar-cane is also cultivated. Iron ore abouuda in N. and W., and deposites of lime, or chalk-beds, arc near the streams. Sulphur springs are in the S., and the streams are bordered wllh heavy timber. Farms 1"! ; manuf. 3 ; dwcU. 216, and pop.— wh. 1,171, fr. col. 5, si. 335 — total 1,511. Capital: Seguin. Guadalupe. p. v., Victoria co., Tea:.: on the Guadalupe river, 122 ni. S. S. E. Austin City. Guaoalltb mountains, Tex.: a long range nf hills lying between the Rio Puerco, or Pecos, and the he--*iis of the Red, Brazos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, wliich have their sources from its E. slope. These mountains abound in minerals, as iron, gold, silver, and others, and are clothed in immense forests of the finest timber. GuADAnn'E river. Tea:: one of the large rivers of the St:Ue. rising under the name of Gonz:de3 r.. from tlio E. slope of the Guadalupe Mountains. It is nrttcd for its sin- gular blue color, but the water when jilaced in a glass ap- pears quite limpid and pure. Its principal tributaries are the San Marco (a large stream), Peach and S;mdy creeks. Its navigation is interrupted by a reef at its mouth. It falls into Esperitu Santo Bay. GrERNSEY county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 656 sq. m. Drained by Wills cr. and branches of Muskingum r. Surface hilly, and soils moderately fertile. The cultivation of the grape has been successful on tho elopes of its hills, which also atTord fine pasturage as well as numerous water privileges. Bituminous coal is dug largely, and tobacco much cultivated. Farnis2,2>;9; manuf. 7^; dwell. 5.079. and pnp._wh. 80.273, fr. col. IG.^i — total 80.4SS. Capital: Cambridge. I'ullic Works: the Cin- cinnati and Wheeling R. K. 26T GUE GUY GfEST Station, p. o., Kussell co., Virg.: 232 m.W. S-W. Eichmond. GuiLDEKLAKD, t and p. o., Albany .covinly, jV. Y.: 9 m. W. N. ^\'. Albany. Drained by Norman's Kill. Surface level; soil of overage fertility. There arc several mills and factories in the t, but agrit-ulture is the chief occupation. Vo\,. 3.'J79. GciLDEijLASD Cektee, p. o., Albany co., X. Y.: 12 ni. ■W. X. W. Albany. Guildhall, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., Venn. : on the "SV. side of Connecticut r., 50 m. E. N. E. Montpelicr. Two bridges here span the r. Several small streams, on which arc mill-sites, drain the land. Surface, except near the river, uneven and rough. The v. on the Connecticut con- tains a court-house, jail, etc., and a number of substantia! dwellings. The t. is essentially agriculttu-al, and contains 501 iuhahitantd. GciLFOKD county, 31 Ckir. Situate N. in W. part, and contains 603 sq. m. Drained by the heads of Haw and Deep rivers, by whose union Cape Fear-r. is formed. Sur- face elevated and broken, with many mill streams; soils generally productive, adapted to grazing, and the culture of grain and cotton. Farms 1,6SS; manuf 55; dwell. 3,04S, and pop.— wh. I5,S74, fr. col. 694, si. 3,1SG— total lJt,754. Capital: Greensboro. PuUic Works: N. Carolina K. K. GriLFORp, t. and p. v., New Ilaven co., Conn. : 86 m. S. Hartford. Drained by Monurikatue and other streams run- ning to Long Island Sound, wliich faces its S. shore. Sur- face diversified ; soil rich and fertile, being well cultivated. The borough of Guilford, incorporated in 1SI5, is located about 2 m. from the Sound, on an allnvial plain, and near the Menunkalue; its buildings are antiquate. : 213 m. N. ^ Austin City. Gum Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., N. Car. : on a cr. of Lumber r.. 112 m. S. Ealeigh. Gum SwAjip,p.o.,MariondisL, 5.Car.; 66 m. N.W. by I^ Columbia. Gum Tbee, p. c, Chester county, Penn.: 61 m. E. S. & Harrisburg. Gunter'8 Landing, p. t., Marshall co., AUi. : on the SL side of Tennessee r., at its most southerly bend, 123 m. N, Montgomery. It is one of the most important points in tba railroad system of the State, and here will terminate tlia Selma and Tennessee Elver E. E., and through it a general connection will be made with the railroads of Georgia and Alabama, and the North-west. At present it is a well known steamboat landing, and is connected with all the principal towns by lines of stages. Gustatus, t. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio : 157 m. N. I^ Columbus. Drained by Pymatuniug cr.'of the Shenango Surface undulating; soil of excellent quality. The v. Is a flourishing agricultural settlement. Pop. 1,237. GusTAvrs,p. 0., Greene co.,7"enH. ; on the S.side ofLicll cr. of'Nolichucky r., 212 m. E. Nashville. GusTixE, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 81 m. S. 8. "W^ Columbus. Guthrie county, la. Situate S. "W. centrally, and codt tains 432 sq. m. Drained by Upper Three r. and Eaccoon river, branches of the Des Moines, which runs S. E. into the Mississippi. Unorganized in lSc)0. GuTHRiESviLLE, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 59 m. E. S. ii Harrisburg. GuTURiEsviLLE, p. T.,Tork dist., S. Car. : 66 m. N. by W, Columbia. It lies on the route of King's Mountain E, Ej, 10 m. from Torkville. GuTTENBUEGH, p. V., ClaytoD CO., Ici. .* OH the "W. banfc of the Mississippi r., about 7 m. above the mouth of Turkej river, and 77 m. N. by E. Iowa City, Guyandotte, p. T., Cabell co., Virg. : on the Ohio r., at the mouth of Guyandotte r., 267 m. W. by N, Eichmond. It la one of the most important points of steamboat navigation in Western Virginia, and the great stage route to Winchestcf commences here. A railroad is also projected to Coving ton and the east generally. It contains several extensive stores, various mcchTinie shops, and about SCO inhabilanta. In the vicinity are found many relics of a former race of in* habitantfl, as bones, arrows, stone-axes, etc. Guyandotte river. Virg. : a large tributary of the Ohio, ft-om Virginia. It rises In Wyoming co. from the Great Flat Top Mountain, and flowing in a N. N. W. directioDi GUY HAG passes through Logan and Cabell couaties into the Ohio r., 17 m. al'dve the moulli of Big Sanan villages, which are rapidly filling up. H.vgaman's Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., i\^. }'. ,■ 32 m. W. N. W-. Albany. Here are several mills, and about 2i>0 inhabitants. Hagep.'s Grovti, p. o., Shelby county. Mo.: SI m. N. JefitTSon City. Hageiistown, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind.: on the W. side of the West Fork of White Water river, 52 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. It is a thriving village of 603 inhabitants. The White Water Canal has its N. terminus here, and the villaKC is also intersected by Ihe Richmond and Newcastle R. R~ UAGEnsTowK, p. v., and cap. Washington co., Md. : on 269 HAG HAL the "W. Bide of Aulietam cr, 22 m. above ita confluence •R'itli tbe Potomac, and 87 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Lat 890 37' X., and lon^;. 77^ 85' W. The v. is located in a fine and flourishing agricultural district, of which-it js the centre, en"DALE, p. V., Scrlvcn CO., Get. : on the left bank of the Ogeechee river, 112 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. The Central (Georgia) E. K. passes through it 50 miles from Sa van nub. Hale, p. 0., Ogle co., lU. : 152 m. N. Springfield. Hale, t. and p. o., Hardin county, Ohio : 54 m. N. W. Columbus. Drained by head streams of Scioto r. Surface varied ; soil rich and productive. The Mad Eiver and Lake Erie R. K. passes through its N. W. corner. Pop. 423. Hale's Eddy, p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : on the Delaware river, 92 m. W. S. W. Albany. By route of the Erie E. E. (on which it has a station), it is distant from New York 1S2 miles, and from Dunkirk 2S7 miles. Hale's Eoud, p. c, Franklin co., Yirg. : ISS m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Hale's Mtlis, p. c, Fentress co., Tenn. : lOG m. E. by N. Kashville. HALEYSBur-Gn, p. v., Lunenburg co., Virff. : 49 m. S. W. Eiehmond. Half Day, p. o., Lake county, Jl?.: on the W. side of Desplaincs r., ISS m. N. E. Springfield. Half Moon, t. and p. o., Saratoga co.. A''. 3".; 18 m. N. Albany. Hudson r. on the E. forms ita boundarioa.in^hat direrlion. Surface varied ; soil sandy loam and clay. It has several mills and mechanic shops, and 10 or 12 stores, ^riio Champlain Canal passes Uirough it, and also the Eensselaer and Saratoga E. E., and the Albany Northern E. 11. Pop. 2,78^. Half Moon, t and p. o., Centre county, Perm.: 76 m. W. X. W. Tlr-rrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and Half Moon r., a branch of Spruco cr. Surface mountainous; 6oil in the valleys, calcareous loam. It is situate between two ridgps of the AUeghaniei Iron ore, etc., ia abundant, 070 and there are several manufactories, mills, etc., in the tovtl Fop. 1,519. Halt Wat, p. o., Polk county, 3Io,: 93 m, S. "W* Jeff"erson Ciiy. Half-Wat HorsK, p. v., York co., Virg. .• 47 m. E. S. E, Eiehmond. Half- Way Peaieib, p. o., Monroe CO., la. : SO m. W. B. W. Iowa City. Halifax county, A^. Car, Situate N. E., and contains 545 sq. m. Drained by Eoauoke r., which forms its N. and E. boundary, and Fishing cr., a branch of Tar r., which is its S. bouud.ary. The Roanoke is here navigable for largo coa:*ttrs, and makes marketing easy. Surface rolling vt hiily. Soil good; in parts very productive. Cotton, corn, and tobacco are the leading crops. Lumber is als'> ex- ported. Farms SC8; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,750, and pop. — wh. 5,763, fr. col. 1,872, si. 6,954— total 16,589. CapiUii: Halifax. Piillia Works : Wilmington and Weldon K. R. ; Gaston and Raleigh E. E. Halifax county, Tlrff. Situate on S. line centrally, and contains 765 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Roanoke r., which bounds it N. and N. E., and of Dan r., a branch of the Eoanoke. Surfate diversified with hill and valley, and covered in parts with fine pine timber. Soils generally pro- ductive. Tobacco is the staple. Corn and wheat are good crops. Farms 1,809; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 2,152. and pop.— wh. 11,006, fr. col. 504, si. 14.452— total 25,962. Capital: Halifax C. H. Public Works: Richmond and Danville E. R. Halifax, t. and p. t., Plymouth co., Mass. : 27 m. S. by li Boston. Drained by several ponds, the outlets of which afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil of average fertility. The t. is located centrally. Pop. of t. "S4. Halifax, p. v., port, and cap. Halifax co., A'^ C«r.\' on the len. bank of Roanoke r., 7 m. below the great falls, and at the head of sloop navigation, 72 m. N. E. Raleigh. It is laid out with great regularity, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and is a place of considerable trade. It h;i3 a newspaper, the "Roanoke Eepnbiicau'' (whig), a weekly issue. The Wilmington and Weldon E. E. passes the v., and by means of a canal around the falls, the Eoanoke is navigable fur boat3 130 miles above iL Halifax, t. and p. v., Dauphin co., Pcnn.: 16 m. N> Ilarrisburg. Drained by several creeks which enter the Susquehanna on the W. border of the X. Surface moui> tainous; soil red shale. The v. is on the E. bank of Sus- quehanna r., and has about 400 inhabitants. The t. has* severid grist, saw, and flour mills, and tanneries. Poji 2 822. Halh'ax, p. v., and cap. Halifax co., Virg. : on the S. side of Bannister r., 87 m. S. W. Richmond. Halifax, t. and p. v., Windham co., Term. : 106 m. S. Montpelier. Drained by Green and North rivers, both flno mill-streams. On a branch of North r. is a succession ol cascades, extending 100 rods, with falls of 15 to 20 feel each. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil fertile and well adapted to grazing. The principal v. Is situated toward the south. Pop. of 1. 1,133. Halifax, p. v., Wilson co., TeiiTi. : 23 m. E. NashviUa Hall county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 651 sq. m. Drained by Cbattaiioochee r., which intersects the N. halt Surface in the S. E. much broken by a range of hills or- mt^nntains, in the N. and W. more even, with some mead- ows. Soil on the rivers very fertile, yielding good crops of tobacco, wheat, and com; on the higher land is good graft- ing. It has mineral resources, though but partially d» vclopcd. F.aruis G97 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,800, and pop.— wh. 7,570, fr. col. 7, el 1,33ft— total 8,713. Capital: Gainea* ville. Hall, p. o., Lawrence county, Mo. : 142 m. S, W, Jefl"erson City. Hallettsville, p. v., Lavacca eo., Tex. : 67 m- S, K Austin Cil^'. HAL HAM Halloca, p. v., Muscogee co., Ga.: 113 m. W. S. W. MiUe.IgevUle. Uallowell, t. aud p. c, Kennebec county, Me. : 3 m. S. by W. Augusta, Aid facing on Kennebec r., which ia here navigable. It i5a good farming section, and boa excellent mill-power. The t. lies on the river bank, with which the principal streets run parallel, and these are crossed at right angles by others which rise in grade to 200 feet back from the stream. The business street on the river has numerous substantial briclc 'warehouses and stores, aud many of the dwellings are built with neatness and taste. Vessels drawing 9 feet water come up to the wharves, and regular steamboats ply between lliis place and Portland and Boston. It has also numerous vessels employed in the coasting trade. The principal exports are lumber, granite, etc. ; the granite quarries have been worked fur upward of 30 years, and yield a beautiful building stone of a light color and easily wrought. A newspaper, the " H. Gazette," is issued weekly. Pop. of the t. 4,7G0. The Kennebec and Portland E. 11. passes through the v., and has its present terminus at Augusta. IlALLOwnLL Cross Eoads, p. o., Kenuebeo co., Me. ; 4 m. V\. by S. Augusta. Hallsa's Creek, p. c, Nodaway co., Mo. : 192 m. N. W. Jefferson Cily. Halls BOEoLGn, p. v., Powhatan co., Mrg.: S5 m. S. Vf. Frankfort. Hall's Corners, p, v., Ontario county, X. T.: IGO m. W. by N. Albany. The Canandaigua and Elmira U. K. passes through the v. 53 m. from Ehnira and 14 from Canandaigua. Hall's Corn-ek3, p. o., Allen co., In<:i. : 101 m. N. E. Indianapolis. IIall'3 Cross Roads, p. o., Uarlbrd co., Md.: 47 m. X. by E. Annapolis. Hall's Cross Koads, p. a, Franklin co., y. Car. ; 87 m. N. E. r.aleigh. Hall's Hill, p. o., Itutherlbrd co., Teim.: 29 m. S. E. Nashville. Hall's Stoke, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 53 m. B. Dover. Hall's stream, X. 2/amp. : a small r. from the Highlands, forming the boundary between the United States and Cana- da, and is one of the sources of Connecticut r. By the treaty of 1542, it is made a part of the boundary untd it intersects the old line of 17S4, marked as 45° N. Iat.,but which is now ascertained to be a little N. of that pftallel. Hall's Valley, p. o.. Morgan co., Ohio: 67 m. E. by S, Columbus. Hallsvillb, p. v., Eoone county, Mo. : 81 m. N. N. "W", Jefferson City. Halt^ville, p. v., Duplin co., }>\ Car. : on the E. bank of North East Cape Fear r., 70 m. S. E. Raleigh. Halesville, p. v., Montgomery co., jV. Y. : 51 m. W. N. W. Albany. Hallsville, !>. v., Ross count}-, Ohio: 83 m. S. by E. C^ilumbus. Halltows, p. v.. Jefferson eo., Mrfj.: on the liiie of the Winchester and Potomac 11. li., 7 ra. from Harper's Ferry, and 129 ra. N. N. E. Richmond. HAL9ELL^^LLE, p. V., ChcstcT (lisL, S. Car. : 51 m. N. Columbia. Halsey's, sta., Caraj)bell co., Virg.: on the line of tho Virginia and Tennessee K. K., 5 m. W. Lynchburg. H ALSHY Valley, p. c, Tioga co., Js\ Y. : 132 m. W. S, W. Albany. Hambaugu's, p. o., ■\Vnrren ca, Vlrg.: li}6 ra. N, "W. Richmond. Hambcrc;, p. v., St, Charles co., Mo.: 66 m. E. by N. Jcffi-rson City. llAMBrRG. p. v.. Perry co., Ala.: a little lo Iho W. of Caliawba r., 01 m. "ff. N. V*'. Montgomery. HASiittniG, p. v., New London co., Conn. ; 83 m. 8. 8. E. IT.'irttnrd. It has considerable manufactures. Havbi-rq, p. T., Macon county, Ga.: 81 m. S. "W. Milledgeville. Hambosg, p. T., Clarke co., Ind. : on a branch of Sdver cr., 97 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. The Indianapolis and Madison R. R. passes it about a mile to the E., aud the New Albany and Salem li. li. about 2 m. to tho "W. Hamburg, p. v., Calhoun co.. 111. : on the E. side of the Mississii>pi r.. G3 m. S. W. Springfield. It has a good laud- ing, aud contains several industri;d establishments, stores, etc., and has a considerable trade. Pop. about 400. Hamburg, p. v., and cap. Ashley co., Arl: : 119 m. S, by H Little Rock. Hambueg, p. v., Franklin co., Mss.: 74 m. S. "W. by S» Jackson. Hamupeg, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 67 ra. "W. by S. Columbus. Hamburg, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 40 ra. S. Ei Lansing. Drained by nuraerous lakes and ponds eraptyiug into Huron r. Surface level; soils fertile, but frequently wet. The v. lies on the S. or left side of tho Huron. In the t. there are several mills, stores, etc., and 893 inhab- itants. Hambueq, p. v., Sussex co., N. Jer. : near the E. bank oftVallkiUr., 67 ra. N. by E. Trenton* It has several mdls, and about 200 inhabitants. Hambl'kg, t. and p. v., Eric co., Ji. T. : 257 m. "W. Albany. Drained by Cauquaga, Rush, and Smokes creeks of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface undu- lating ; soil a fertile calcareous loam. Hamburg, Hambiirg- on-the-Lake, and East Hamburg are villages in this t. It has numerous saw and grist mills, and is a flue agricuUural country. On the lake are several convenient harbors for email craft. Tho Buffalo and State Line (Lake Shore) 11. IL passes through iL Pop. of t. 5,219. Hambueg, p. b., Berks co., Pcnn.: near the Schuylkill water-gap of Blue Mouutain, 53 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. It is a place of considerable business, lying on the canal E. of the Schuylkill, and having tho Reading R. K. on tho opposite side of the stream. Pop. 1,035. Hamburg, p. v., Hardin county, Tenii. : 113 ra. S. W. Nashville, Hamburg, v., Frederick co., Md.. : at the base of Catoclin Mountain, Gl m. N. W. Annapolis. Hambcrgu, p. v., Edgefield dist,, S. Car. : on the E. side of the Savannah r., 73 m. W. S.W. Columbia. Augusta, tfrt., on the opposite side of the river, is connected by a bridge aud viaduct. The South Carolina R. E. and the Georgia K. R. connect here, the one extending to Charleston 185 m., and the other to Atlanta, 171 m., and W. to Montgomery, Ala., and Nashville, Tetin. Regular steamboats also ply on the r. The v. consists of two parts ; the lower town lies on the bank of the r., and is the business district, and the upper town stands on a height 60 or 70 feet above and back from the r., aud has many commanding situations. It la regularly laid out, aud contains many large stores and warehouses. It is a great cott'in mart, and has a large interior trade; and a weekly newspaper, the " H. Rcpub- lieaji'' (dem.), is supported. Pop. 647. UiVMBURGH-oN-TUE-LAKi:, p. v., Erie CO., N. Y.: on the E. shore otLake Erie, 257 m. "W. Albany. It is a consider- able V, of about 300 inhabitants Hauden, t, aud p. v., Nevr Haven county. Conn. .* S3 m. S. S.W. Hartford. Drained by Mill r., which affords water- power. Surface varies, the t being located between two ranges of hills terminating at East and "West Rocks, in tho vicinity of New Haven. There are several villages, chiefly engaged in manufactures. Hamden Plains, Cenffevillo, Ives' Mount Carmel, etc., are on the line of the New Haven and Northampton R. R., and TrVhitneyviUe ia located in tho wjuth-casl. Pop. ofl.2,16S. H,Aj.ii.EN-, t. and p. v., Delaware county, K. Y. : T2 m. "W. S. W. Albany. Drained by W. branch of Delaware r. Surface mo*mtaiuou8 and rugged ; soil, except in tho %'allcy 271 HAM HAM of ihe Delaware, not very fertile. The TUInge, a email agricultural setllcnieiit, lies on tbe N. bank of Ihe river. The L has several mills and etores, and 1,919 inhabitants. IJAUKB, p. v., Mason co., Ey. : 73 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. llAMEu*bviLLK, p. V., BroftTi CO., Ohio : 84 m. S. S. \V. Columbufl. Hamilton county, Flor. Situate N. on Georgia line, and conlains434 sq. m. Drained by Allapahaw r, which runs through it; Suwannee r., which is its ^•. andK., and Withhi- coochee r., its W. boundarj-. Surface low and level. Soil fertile, with some marshes, which favor the growing of rice, which, with cotton and com, are the chief products. There are mineral springs in the S. frequented by invalids. Farms 205; manuf. U ; dwell. 301, and pop.— \vh. 1,775, fr. col. 9, si. GS5— total 2,469. Capital : Jasper. Hamilton county, lU. Situate S. E., and contains 486 sq. m. Drained by N. fork of Saline er., an ailluent of the Ohio. Surface level or moderately elevated ; soils of me- dium fertility, with marshes in parts. Corn, wheal, and oats are good crops; tobacco is also cultivated. Farms 417 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,05S, and pop.— wh. G,810, fr. col. 52— total 6,362. Capital : M-Lcansboro'. Hamilton county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains 412 sq. m. Drained by White r., a branch of the Wabash, and its adluenls Cicero, Stoney, Coal, Fall, anrr, p. o.. Chautauque county, 3". Y. : 279 m.W. by 9. Albany, Hamlet, v. and sta., Providence co,, Ji. J. : on tho line of the Providence and Worcester R. K., 15 m. N. by W. Providence. HAM HAM Hahmelbtown, v. and sta., Burlington co., X. Jer. : on the Camdoi and Anil»oy R. K., 6S m. ft'om New York City, and 10 ni. from Philadi-Iphia. HA.MMOOK GiwvE, p. o., Crawfofd co., Gu. : 06 m.W. S.^W. Milled geville, IIa.vmond, t. nud p. v., St. Lawrence co., JV" V. ; 154 m. N. "W. Albany. Situate hi-lweeri Elnck Lake ami St. Law- rence r., and dralntd l>y their affluents. In the St. Law- rence, off tliu sliorc, are numl>ers of llie Thousand Isles. Surface generally levtl ; soil a fertile sand and cla-y. The v, contains about 2oi> in habit ants. In the t. tlu-re are nume- rous mills and several sUjres, and 1.S19 inhabitants, IIi)i.MoN'u''8, p. o., St. Joseph county, Ind. : 126 m. N. Indianapolis. Hammond's Milia p. o-j Steuben co., jV. )'. .• on Conboc- ton r., 1T7 m. W. S. W. Albany. IlAiiMoNosponT, v., Steuben co., ^V. Y.: at the base of Crooked Lake. 174 m. W. Albany. Il eontains lart^e ware- houses, Beveral mills, numerous stores, and altuul t>00 in- habitants. A steamboat plies to Penn Yan. 22 ni., and it communicates with Seneca Lake by Crooked Liikc Canal. Hammond's Stoi'.e, p. »»., Ansrin co., aV. Citr.: I(t2 m. g. W. Ilalei^h. IlAMM't-NDviLLic, V. and sta., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the line of the Cleveland and Fittsburg K. li., 5 m. tjom T\'ellsviIK% and 122 m. E. N. K. Columbus. IIammonto-v, p. v., Atlantic county, X. Jcr.: 42 m. S. Trenlon. IlAMMto'viLLE, p. v., Hart county, Ky. : 79 m. S. W. Frankf.irt. Hamort(JN, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : 62 m. E. S. E. ITarrisburg. Hampden county, Musfi. Situate S. AV., and contains 5S5 sq. m. Th Connecticut diviilea it abuut u-qualty in its S. course, and it is drained by its affluents — AV. by West- fletd and Affawam rivers, and — E. by Ware and Chicopi^'e ; the Qi*niu-bau5 r. also rises in the K. Surface much diver- Biflrd : in the W. very liilly and broken, except on tho Btreains ; in the K. less broken, and pleasantly varied, and on the banka of the Connecticut a narrow strip of low, level meadows. These arc unsurpassed in ft-rlility and loveliness. Aside from them there i^ niueh prime land In botli sections nf the county. The W. has snmo timber ; but the great business is manufactures — these, hitherto eonfined to Palmer, Weslfield. Chicopee,and Spring(ieid,now find the greatest power at Holyoke, wliere a dam across the Con- necticut. Imill in 1S49. affords the best walcr-power in the Slate. There are cotton and woolen factories in Palmer and Chieopee; whip and cisjnr in Westfleld; and railroad car and locomotive in Springfield. Farms 2,616: manuf. 883: dwell. 9.0«3, and pop.— wh. 50,T85. fr. col. 496— total 51,281, Ca-piUd : Springfield. Pithlic Workft: Western R. It. ; Connecticut Piver P. K. ; Chieopee Falls Branch E. R. ; New Lnndon, Willimantic, and Palmer \\. U. : .\ni- herst and Belchertown K. P.; New Haven. Hartford, and Sprinfrfleld R. R. : and New Haven and Northampton R. R. HAMi'nE:^. t. and p. o., Columbia co., ir?-«'. ; 2l> m. N. by E. Madison. Drained by a head branch of Pock r. Surface rollinj;; soil deep mold and well wooded. Pop. 439. IIampditn, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : 94 m. W. Montiromery. Hampden, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 5f> m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by SowadahscooU r., wbieli affords w,i- ter-power. and the Penobscot river forms it.s E. boun'lary. Surface beautifully diversified ; sod fertile. The v. is situate at the confluence of the two rivers. C m. below IJangor. and carries on an extensive trade in timber and agricultural produce. Pop. oft. 3,195. Hampden, t. and p. o.. Geauga co., Ohio: 147 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by afTluents of Grand river, which empties into Lake Erie"^ Surface elevated and diversified ; soil rich and productive. The v. is situate centrally, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 919. 16 Hampden -Sidney College, p. o., Prince Edward county Virg. : 62 m.W. S.W. Richmond. The College was found,- ed in 17S3, and in lS5fi had 6 professors, 1,500 alumni, 23 students, and a library of SO,('Oi) volumes. A preparatory academy is attached to the College, Hampsiiii'.e county, Jfii-ss. Situate W, centrally, and con- Uiins 533 sq. m. Divided from N. lo S. by the (Connecticut river, and watered by its aflluents, which afford much waler-[)ower. Surface much broken in the W. ; in the E. hilly, and on the Connecticut r. a beautiful meadow. Soil in the middle rich meadow, producing great crops of corn, clovi-r. hay, broom-corn, and t(tbaeco ; in the W. excellent grazing laud, with fine dairies; and in the E. tine farms, except on the highest ground. Mount Tom and Mount Ilolyoke. with their adjacent ranges of hills, are well wood- ed, and much maple sugar is made. Small factories occupy most of the streams, and every kind of " Yankee notion" ia produeed. Much paper is made, and at E:isthampton are tlie largest ballon factories in the Ignited States. A rich lead ami silvor mine» closed by accident, has been reopened in Southampton ; zinc-blende is largely dug in Hatfield, and fine I>uildiug stone is found In Pelham. Farms 2,965; manuf. 819 ; dwell. 5,905, and pop.— wh. 35,4"5. fr. col. 327 —total 35,782. CupUal: Northampton. PtihVic Works: Connecticut River R. R. ; Western R. R. ; Amherst and IJclcluTtown R. R.; New Haven and Northampton R. R, Hampsuire county, Vlnj. i>ituate N., and contains 83S sq. m. Drained by S. branch of the Potomac r., Great and Little Cacapou r.. North r., Patlerscm's cr., and other afflu- ents of the Potomac r, which forms ita N. boundary. It lies between the Blue Ridge and East Alleghany mount- ains, the latter intersecting the W. half. The surface is ele- vated and broken, affording many mill privileges, and ex- cellent grazing. All the grains yield finely in the numerous valleys, and the mountains are well timbered, furnishing material for many saw-mills. Farms 1,063; manuf. 57; dwell. 2,035. and pop.— wh. 12.3S9, fr. " >1. 214. si. 1.433— total 14.036. CnpiUil: Ronmey. Public tVbrks: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. IlAMPsninE, p. v., Kane county, ///. : 172 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. Hampsuire, p. v., Lewis county, Tenn. : 53 m. S. W. Nashville. ITampstead, p. v., Carroll eo., 3rd. : 6 m. N. E. West- minster, and 55 m.N, W. AnnapoIiSf Hajcpstf,ad, t and p. v., Rockingham co., N. Wimp. : 33 m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by ponds, the outlets of which empty into Merrimac r. Surface generally level; soil hard and fertile. Pop. of t. 7S9. Hampstrad, p. v., King George co., Virg.: 62 m. N N. E. Riehmond. Hampton, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cmin.: 55 m. E. Hartford. Drained by a branch of Shetucket r.. which fur- nishes water-power. Surface diversified, and somewhat unev.'n : soil a gravelly loam- -fertile. The v. lies on an elevation, and consists of one long street, with about 60 dwellings and other buildings. The t. has some manufac- tures and several stores. Pop. 92S. The New York and Boston (direcl) R. R. passes through it. Hampton, p. v., Hendricks county, InJ.: 13 m. "W. Indianapolis, and connected with that city by a plank-road. Hampton, p. v., Rock Island co., Jit. ; 126 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Hampton, t. and p. o., Saginaw co., 3f2i;h.: 64 m. N. E. Lansing. Il lies nn the E. side of Saginaw r., near its en- trance to Saginaw Bay. Pop. 546. Hampton, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., y. ITamp.: 41 m. S. E. Concord. Faces S. E. on the Atlantic Ocean, and on its shore is a singular cliff, called the Boar's Head. The soil is ft-rlile. and about a flClh of the surface is salt marsh. It has a good harbor, and is engage{i in eoasting and fishing. The Eastern K. R. passes through the L 10 m, 9. Port&mouttL Pop. 1,197. 7ti •HAM Hampton, L and p. v., 'WafUinston co., -V. }'. ; &S m. S. by E Albany. Drained by Poiiiinoy r., which separates It from Vermont. Surface diversified l>y hills and valleys— the valleys rich and prodactivc. Tlie v. Is a small agricul- tural settlement. In the L there aro several industrial es- lablisbmenta, and S99 inhabitants. Hampton, p. v., Adams Co., Pmn.: 22 m. 6. by W. Ilarrisbure. nA.MPTON, p. T., and cap. Elizabeth City co., Tiro. ; on the W. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its entrance Into Hampton Eoads, 74 m. S. E. Klehmond. It contains a eourt-house, jail, etc., about 20 stores of various descrlp- Oim.s, 1.50 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. HAiiPToSBrEGu, t and p. v.. Orange co., .V: V.: S3 m. S. S. W. Alb.TOy. Drain*] by Murderer's cr. and Wallkill. Oie latter of which bounds it on the N. "W. Surface undu- lating ; aoU a fertile clay loom. The p. o. ia 4 m. N. of Goshen. Pop. of t. 1,-S43. riAMTTON Falus, t. and p. o., Koeklnshnm co., JK mimp. : f3 m. S. E. Concord. Situate immeiliaicly S. of Hampton, gnd divided from it by the r., from which it is named. In physical character, etc., it is similar in every respect to Hampton, from it was separated in 1702. Pop. 040. Ha-mpton roads, Tirg. : a branch of Chesapeake Bay off the month of James r., between Old Point Comfort on Oic N. and Wllloughby Point on the S. It has o sufficient depth of water for tho largest ships of war, .and is an im- portantnaval station. On Old Point Comfort is Fort Monroe, which mounts 385 gims, and on the opposite point Is Vort Calho-m, which will mount 2(j5 guns. Tiie worli at Old Point Comfort occupies an area of 06 acres, and includ- Iiia the ditch, TO acres, and Fort Calhoun aljout 7 acres. These forts completely command the entrance to the roads. nAMPT0svrLt.E, p. v., Surry county, JV. Car. : 122 m. \r. N. W. Ealeigh. Hasaner's ST0P.E, p. 0., P.andolph co., Arh. : 1Z7 m. S. X. E. Little liock. Hancilettvtlle, p. v., Dane CO., VTiso.: ^^ m. N. E. Madison. Hahcock county, Ala. Situate N. "W., and ctjntalns about 500 sq. m. Drained by upper branches of the Black Varrior r. Surface raoder.atcly uneven, and soil generally gooiL Com and cotton arc tlic principal agricultural pro- d::cls. Farms 1*4; mannf. 1; dwell. 251, and pop.— wh. ■1,4S0, fr. col. 0, si. 62— t-ital 1 ,542. O 'pita! : Haxcock county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and contains 4S1 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ogccchee r., its E. boundary, and of Oconee r., its N. W. boundary. Surface diversifled, with some moderate hills ; .soil very productive. This is in the great cotton belt of Georgia, and attention is directed mainly to its cultivation. Farms 444 ; manuf 20 ; dwell. 761, and pop.— wli. 4,212, fr. col. 60, si. 7,306— total H,07S. Capital: Sparta. Uascock county, III. Situate ■«'., and contains T31 sq. m. Drained E. by branches of Crooked cr.. a tribnUary of He Illinois, and W. by affluents of the Mit-sissippi, which divides it from Iowa and Missouri. Surface rolling; soil (fertile, especially near the Mi.ssissippi; the E. has much prairie, and the county is deflcienl in timbeI^ though a belt of forest extends along the Mississippi. All the grains thrive, and manufactures are increasing. This will long be remembered as the chosen seat of .Joe Smith's adherents, and tlic Held of the Mormon difflcullies in l^iG. Their half- flnished temple remains to tell of the fanaticism and intoler- ance that in this, the lOlh century, could array an otherwise noble people against their brethren, because of their opinions on religion. FarmsLlGT ; manuf 43; dwell. 2,K35, and pop. — wh, 14,633, fr. col. 19_total 14,652. Capikil : Carthage. Hascock county. /« tatoes exported. Farms 2,271; manuf 205; dwell. 5.550s and pop.— wh. 84,843, fr. col. 29— total 84,372. Capital ) Ca^tinc. Hancock eonnly, J/7.W. Situate S., and contains 93S sqi m. Drained— E. by 'Wolf r., emptying into SI. Louis Bay, and— W. by liranches of Pearl r.. its boundary towarj Louisiana, a large navigable siream flowing into Lake Borgne. Surface rolling or low and level ; soil mostly uir- produetivo, with a growth of pine on much of it. Cotton and rice are the products. Farms 77 ; manuf 11 ; dwclk 492, and pop.— wh. 2,444, fr. col. 12, si. 1,216— total 3,67a Capital: Shieldsboro'. Hancock county, OMo. Situate N. 'ST. centrally, and contains 52S sq. m. Drained by branches of Blanchard'8 Fork of Maumee r. ami heads of Portage r.. both of which flow into Lake Erie. Surface undulating ; soil veo' produo- tive of all the grains, on which ranch pork is fattened. It is well wooded, and has several good mill streams. Farms 1,6:30 ; maimf 35 ; dwell. 2.'24. and pop.— wh. 16.725, fr. eoV. 26— total 16,751. Capital: Tmi\&y. PuifeU'wfe.vFinJ- lay Br.aneh li. II. ILuicocK county, Tenn. Situate N. E.. and contains 813 sq. m. Drained by Powells and Clinch rivers, heads of the Tennessee. Mill-sites are nnmerous- and timber plenty and convenient. Surface much broken: soil fertile. Com wheat, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 7S7 ; mannf 17 : dwell. 939, and pop.— wh. 6,443, fr. ooL 10, si. 202 —total 5.660. Capital: Bneedsvillc. Hancock county, Tirg. Simatc in the extreme N., and contains 67 sq. m. Drained by affluents of the Ohio, which forms its N. and 'W. boundary. Surface uneven, favoring manufactures by the mill-sites it affords. Soils generally fertile, and adapted to grains and grazing. Bituminous coal is extensively found. F.anns SOC : manuf 20 ; dwell. 690, and pop.— w'h. 4,140, fr. coL 7, si. 3— total 4,160. Capital ■ Hancock C. II. Hancock, t. and p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : Tl m. E. by J) Augusta. Drained by sever.al streams falling into SkillinJ and Taunton Bays, arms of Frenchman's Bay, and theS. B. I>art of the t. is a peninsula, bounded by these waters. The v. is situate near the mi.ldle of the peninsula. Ilaneoct has some navigation, and is much engaged in Uie shorn flaheries. Pop. of t, 962. Hancock, p. v., 'VV.ashington CO., Mel. : on the N. side of the Potomac r., 112 m. N. W. Annapolis, and near the lino of tho Ballimore and Ohio E. E., 1'34 m. from Baltimore. Tlio Chesapeake and Ohio Canal also passes through it It Is the centre of a eonsider.able trade, and has great facilitir .^ of transporUation, which in the future may develop its dew- tiny. HAN nAN HA^•coCK, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., J/i.'w. ; 117 in. "U'. Boston. The t. lies on the Now York State Line, and is drained by brauclK'S of Kinderhook cr. nnd llousalonic r. Surface mountainous; soil exccllfnt for grass. It has numerous mills, ineclianic shops, etc., and within tie L there is a Shaker settlement. Pop. 7S9. Uancock, p. 7., De Soto co., 3fiss. : 158 m. N. Jackson. IIancOck. t. and p. v., Hillsboroujrh co., 2^^. Ilawp, : 2U m. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Contoocook r., which afford extensire water-power, and Long Pond, a con- Eiderable body of water, lies on the W. border. Surface oneveu and mountainous; soil fertile, adapted to grazlnir, with considerable intervale. The L has numerous emaU manufactures. Pop. 1 ,012. Hancock, t. and p. v., Delaware co., iT. }*. ; S6 ni. S, W. Albany. Drained by l*apacton or E. branch of Delaware 4"., which Uu^t makes the S. W. border. Surface broken and hilly ; soil in the v. rich and fcrtHo. The t. lies on tbo Kew York and F.rio K. U., 174 m. from New York City, and at the junction of the branches of the Delaware, It was tirmerly called "Chehoeton," or -union of stre-ams^ and is now a T. of considerable Lra/le, and hafi about 800 Inhab- ll^nla. Pop. of L 1,793. Hancock, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : 29 m. B. S. W. Mcntpeliur. Drained by head waters of Otter cr. nnd "White r., flowing in different directions. Surfaco hilly, hf'iug situate on the Green Mountain ran^o, nnd forming the djviding ridge between Lake Champlain nnd C^onnocticut river. It has a small central vlllng'". Pop. of t. 430. IIaxcock'h BniDGE, p. v., Salem county, -V. Jc^r..- on Ailoway's cr., tiO m. S. 8. \t. Trentoa It oonlaine a few st'Wes, and about 200 inhabitants. Hawdy, t. nnd p. o., Livingston co., JTk-A, ; 24 ni. R. S. E. Lansing. Drained by branches of C^odar r. Surface divcr- aiSed by hills; soil fertile. It is a fino farming t., and has Cacilities for milling. Pop. 4S4. IIak^yville, p. ¥,, Lycoming co., Pcnru : 77 ni. N. by TT. Ilarrisburg. U.,ucRinD's Landing, p. o., Monroe co., X, 1'. : on Genesee r.. 19S m. W. N. W. Albany. Hanqing ilocK, p. T., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the N. bank of Ohio r., i)0 m. S. S. E. Columbus. It is a principal ship- ping place f*r ihc iron of the region, and has several ex- tensive iron manufactories. It is about 5 m. below Irontun, which, on account of its being the terminus of the Iron E, li., will, of course, draw away the buijinoss of Hanging Pock. Its name is derived from a cliff of rocks about 400 feet high, which projects orer tho rear of Iho Tillage. Pup. i^jout 300. Hanging Eooe, p. o., Kershaw disL, & Car. : &X ra. K. N. E. Columbia. IIanging EocKjp. v., Hampshire co., Mrg. : on n branch •if Great Cacapon r., 137 ra. N. W. Eiehmond. On tlio stream, both up and down, tliere arc numerous mills. IlANHAnATcuiK, p. V., Stcwart CO., Go.: 117 m. S. '^. ililledgcville. IIasna's p. o., Sumner co., Tmn.: 81 m. N. N. E. Xashville. The railroad between Nashvlllo and Danville will intersect this i)oint IIanna's Mills, p. o., Mahoning oo., Ohio : 139 ru. N. E. Columbus. IIannegan, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 143 m. N. by R ilontgomery. ILvnnegan, p. v.y Atchison co., Mn.: on nii* E. side of y ishnabatona r., an alll uent of tho Missouri r., 218 ul N. W. Jefferson Cily. IIasxeoas, p. o., Eush county, Ifid,: 83 m. 6. W. Indianapolis. HA^'^^BAL. p. v., Marlon en., Mo. : on tho W. bank of MUsissippi r., 92 m. N. E. by N. Jeffereon City. It is a place of considerable cntorpriso and business, and has sevnral large and commodious warehouses, stores, dwellings, etc. Papulation 2,230. Tho " "Western Union'^ (whig), and the '■ Missonri Courier'' (dem.), are newspapers issued weekly. This is the Eastern hiitial point of tho projected Hannibal and Joseph P. li. H.v>-siBAL, t. and p. o., Oswego co., IT. Y. : 14S m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by several small creeks of Lake Ontario. Surface undulating ; soil sandy loam and fertile. The v. is an agricultural settJeraent of some 85 or 40 dwellings. In the L are eeverol mills, and 2,S07 inhab- itants. Haknibal Cettre, p. T., Oswego co., JV. r: ; 143 m. W. N. ■\\'. Ali^any. ILvNOVER eonnly, Virff. Sitnale E. ctntrally, and con- tains Mt sq. m. Drained W. by South Anna r., whieh unites with North Anna to form Pamunky r., the lost two iHJunding it N. and flowing into York r., and S. by Chick- ahominy r., a branch of the James. Surface uneven, and in parts hiily ; soils very unequal, willj ranch excellent com and wheat land. Tobacco is grown in parts. Noted his- torically as Uie birth-place of Palrick Henry, "Wm. Henry Harrl'^on, and Henry Clay. Farms 608; mauuf. 32; "IweU. 1,327. and pop.— wb. 6,541, fr. col. 219, bI. 8,393— total 15,153. Copitid: Hanover C. U. Public Woris: Virginia Central E. 11. ; Eichmond, Frederick, and Pot^iimac II. P., etc. Hasoteb, t. and p. o., Oxford co., 3f6. Pop. 366. Haxotee, p. v., Jo Daviess co., IlL : on Apple r., 173 m, N. N. W. Springfield. llANorET., T., Jefferson co., TnJ. : on the high bluffs of the Ohio r., 6 m. below Madison, and SI S. E. Indianapolis. Here is located H.iiover College, founded 1S29; in 1S50 it had a president, 9 professors, 120 alumni (of which 55 were minist<.Ts) 100 students, and a library of about 4,500 volumes. The V. contains about 120 dwellings, and, including stu- denlA. has about SOO inhabitants. lI.^j^OTEB, L and p. o., Jackson co., 3f7ch,: 41 m. S. Lansing. Drained by branches of Kalamazoo r. Pop. 931. Hanovek, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Ml m. N. W. Concord. Drained by streams falling into Oonneelicut r., over whicii is a bridge connecting it with Norwich. Surface pleasantly diversified; soils fertile. Moose Mount- ain, an elevated ridge, crosses the t. in a N. and S. ilirection. There are eeveral islands in the Connecticut belonging to Hanover. Tlie v. is situate on a plain half a mile E. of tho r., and is a place of some consideration for its general industry and its great college, Dartmouth College was I'l.undi-d in 1769, and has a medical department, founded 1797, both of which are in high repute as setts of learning. In ls^>0 the college had 9 professors, 3,675 alumni, of which T5S ha.s grist and .aw mills. I'op- ».«"»• ^ Uanovek, I. and p. v., Cl.au.au„ue CO., .V 1 • • -^ ■"; ^ " Albany Drained chiefly by Silver cr., au.l CalUrau-us r U nds U „n .he ^^, and on the N. W. LaWe Kne .ur - broken and hilly ; .oil on Ihe lake shore and o la sire, m, verv ferlile 'Ihe v. Is a small selllemenl. Ihis t. is nuteu Ir^J, Un.ber. U has considerable -anufae>ur« and enjoy, n.any water privilege, lor --Kat.o.y-'' J-'''"^- -rr^f^^'^.^^;«T^s;-Por. "Tll.ovt 'u'atd p. o., Liek,ng Co., OUo : 41 n>. K K E ColumbT'iraineS by' Licking r., which "."» ""-f ;.^^ Surface senerally level ; soil dark loam and sand, v er ler cue The- Oiro Canal runs alou, the valley ofthe Uck.ng, Lnd M SCeubenviUe and Indiana K. K., on the oppo- '^:l^;l, y^^ic^riv,..: on a branch of Cone- ZT". ^ 'usquehanna r., 31 m. S. Harrisburg. It ., a • bt^dy nourishing place w,.h several --f ^■J:';-' -' J'".! J„ newspapers, the " 11. Spectator" au.l the 1 . Gazette, both weekly issues. Pop. l.'Wu. A branch of the Bait,- more and ti .squehanna It. K. comes up to the borough. "hIn'vbb. I v., Coosa CO., AU..: 4. m. N. Mon.gomer lUKOVBK, p. v., and cap. Hanover co., .rg. ...ar la mnnky r., and on the line of the \ ,rg,..,aC,enlra 1.. 1.., b ni. N. Eichmond. It contains a court-house, ja.l, etc., ajid about 200 inhabitants. lUsovER Cemue, p. v., Grunon co., N. Uamp. . 6S m. N W. Concord. ..^ -kt i-* H\>ovBE NsoK, p. 0., Morris co., K. Jer. : 4S m. N. N. i. "^HixovxaTON p. v., Clumbiana CO., Ohio: on the line /r:Zy^rl Be'aver Canal, lis tn. N. K Colu.bu. It eonlahis warehouses, numerous stores, mdls, etc., and about ^M inhabitants. A branch of the Clevehand and Pittsburg It. K., lim. long, comes up t.5 the vdlage. IlA-vsos, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., J/.-.«. •■ 23 m. b. ». K Boston. Drained by a branch of North r attd several ponds, it lie, in the vicinity of extensive beds ol ,ron ore, and n.anufaetures largely ship anchors, nads carriage springs, eastings, etc. Pop. 1,21T. The Old Colony U. K. passesthroughlIanson,PJm. from Plymouth. HAhSON, p. v., Mariim county, Mo. : S'i m. N. K. E. Jefferson Ciiv. „, , , lU.soNv,t.LB, p. v., Kussell CO., Virg. : on the W. brattch of llolston r., 268 m. W. by S. Uichmon.1. Hap Hazaed, p. o., Catahoula par., La. : 122 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. ore ^ ir IlAfPT Valley, p. o., Carter oonnty, n»n.: 25S m. E. Nashville. , ... . , . llAKALsoN, p. v., Coweta Co., Ga.: on the \\ . side of Flint r., Ja m. W. by N. Millcdgev.llc. llAEBon Ceeek, t aM,l p. o., Erie Co., Penn.: 216 m. N W. Ilarrisburg. Draine.l by several streams of Lake Erie, which forms its N. boun.lary. Surface broken ; s.id of average fertility. The p. o. is situate on the hne of the Erie and North-east It. K., 7 m. from Erie. Pop. 2,098. HABn.,a UiL... Queens Co., A'. Y. : the highest po.nt of land 0,1 Long Island, hing in the t. of North Hempstead. It is 819 feet above the Atla.itic Ocean, from which U .3 visible 25 miles, Hari.kman county, Tenn. Situate S. W., and contains 912 »- eouiity, K,. Situate N. centrally, and e.ui.ains 4.30 sq. m. Drained by P.oUing Fork of Sal r. and salt r wli di bounds it N. E., and Nolin and P.ough creeks, branches of Green r., all which flow into the <»no i,nr- ^ much diversifled ; soil fertile-.vheat. corn, and tobae^ are staples. Many sheep and eatt e are -ised. lar,^ 1,406: manuf 50; dwell. 2,005, and P"P--"1>- J^;"f' „' col 48, si. 2,459-total 14,625. C.j>ital : Lluabethto^n. Public iro,-fa; Nashville and Louisville L. K. HAUI..S eoun.v, Ohio. Situate N. W. centrally, and eon- tai^^s ^ sq. m. Drained centrally and S. by the saoto r nd 1 bJanch of Miami r., and. in the N. by Blanob- ard-s f..rk of Maumeo r., an affluent ol Lake Erie. -Siir- faoe elevated, but not much broken; soils ferule, and dtpled to grain and grass, with good timber in par«. Farms 753; manuf. 26; dweU 1,403, and POP--^'"- ^f J', fr col. 14- otal 8,251. CopiUU ; Kem..ii. PM.C YiorU. Miul Uiver ami Lake Erie U. K. ; Ohio and Indiana B. E., and Indianapolis and Bellefolitaine E. E. , . , , j, lUKOiN county, Tenn. Simate s. W., and contains 1 1>« sn m Drained by numerous creeks of Tennessee r which l^iwtth" ugh it from S. to W. Surface varied, with some rr marshes; soil good and kind to the grains, which con- st tnrtiesLples. \'ol.aceo and cotton are raised in smaller qamltles. Farms 690; manuf. l^-.^^-'J-^J^f ' ^ '»f. Iwh, 9,040, fr. eol. 31, si. 1,257-total 10.325 UpU. 1'. > 7«m W N. W. Ech- line of the Virginia Central L. E., 73 m. w. i>. """''' „ si,„mv en Kii. ■ on Benson cr. of UARnixsviLLE, p. v., Shelby CO., Jiy. Kentucky r., 9 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. , , . ^ „ ^ Hardstonky, p. o., Stewart county, 0,a. . 114 m. S. w. Milledgeville. TVoreester co., ilms. : 61 m. W. IIAKUWICK, t. and p. v., W orcester co., ^ Bo.,ton. Draine.! by branches ol Ware '•.«'"'-" "" along its S. border and furnishes water-p.,wer surface diversiflcd ; soil of ..r.linary fertility. The v. situate cen- trally, has two ehurehes and about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 1 of t" 1,631. HAR HAR Habdwick, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. : 24 ra. N. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and Us irilm- Utrics, which have extensive water-power. Surfuce rolhnj;:; soil productive. There are Several sulphur springs in the t. The v. is ou Ihe N. bank of Llie Lamoille. Pop. of I. 1,403 IIardwick, v. and port of entry. Bryan co., Gti. : 147 m. 6. E. Milk-dgfville. it is a port with coniniercc. Haedwici^ville, p» v., kelson Co., Viri/. : SS m.W. by N. Kivlimoud. IIaedv county, Vir{/. Situate N., and contains I.IGS Bq. m. Drained by North Brnnrli of Potomac r., its N. W. boundary', South lirancli of Poloinac, which, with nutner- OU6 branches, flows through the middle, ami K. by Caca- pon r. Surface mountainous, with the Alleghany ridge iu the W., and Slienandoali arid Branch mountains in the E. and S., whicli, with the streams lo which they give rise, af- ford the best of waler-powtr and of timber; soil rich iu the valleys, witli goi)d pasturage on llie hills. Beef, pork, and wool are exported. Farms 723; manuf. 49; dwell.. 1,327, and pop.— wh. 7,930, fr. col. 3o3, si. I,2ij0-Iotal 9,M3. CapiUfl : Mourefield. Uafjoud county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 442 sq. m. It has the Susquehanna for it.s N. E. boundary, Chesapeake Bay its S. E., and Little Gunpowder r. itsS.W.. and is drained by their anUieuIs. Surface iu tlie S. low and flat, with many arms of the bay ; in the N. elevated, stony, and hilly, with many fine water privileges; soil much di- versified — in the S. loam and clay predominate, and all parts arc excellent grass lands. Deer cr., flowing into the Susquehanna, has perpendicular banks of stone from 200 to 300 feet high ; limestone and granite are found, and rich iron ore is abundant. Farms 1,278; manuf. 72; dwell. 2.977, and pup.— wh. 14,413, fr. col. 2.777, si. 2,106— total 19.356. Oiijital: Bel-Air. Piihlic Works: Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Baltimore li. R. ; Tidewater Canal ; Phil- adelphia and Ballimore (direct) It. K. IIarfoed, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, X. Y.: 124 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by East Owego or. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, sand and clay loam. The v, is a small settlement on the W. side of the creek. Pop. of t, 949. Harford, t. and p. v., Sus<[uchanna co., Ptun. : IIS m. N. "S. E. Ilarrisburg. .Drained by branches of Tunkhan- nock cr., which afford great water-power. Surface diver- sified : soil adapted to grass. The v. is a small but neat place. In the t. there are some manufactures and 1,302 inliabitant:^. Uaeguave, p. v., Copiah county, Miss. : 37 m. S. S. "W. Jackson. IlARGnovr.'ri Tavern, p. o.,Nansemond co., r//v- •' 74 m. S. E. Kichmond. IIakuinsville, p. v., Anderson dLst., ,$■ Cur.: 113 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Haui.an county, Ky. Situate S. E. corner, and contains 95i sq. m. Drained by the head and many branches of Cumijcrland r., whicli runs through ii from N. E. to S. "W. Cumberland Mountains form its S. E. border, and the sur- face is elevated and mountainous, with fine foresti* and abundant Avater-power ; soil in the valleys productive and generally good iiasiurage. Farms 535; manuf. 0; dwell. 667, and pi>p.— wh. 4.Ui9, fr. col. 36, el. 123— total 4.2<3S. Ckipital: Uarlau. Harlan, p. v., AiU-n co., Ivd. : loO m. N. E. Indianapolis. Harlan, p. v., and cap. Harhin co., Ky. : on the Cum- l^rland r.. IIS m. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court- house, jail, etc., and about 350 inhabitants. Harlkrsville, p. v., Marion disl., S. Car. : on the W. Bid*- (tf Little Pee Dee r., lUO m. E. N. E. Columbia. llAr.LEM, p. o., \Vinnebago eo.. III.: on "Willow cr. of Kock r., 177 ui. N. by E. Springfield. IIaelkm t. and p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: IS m. N. N. E. Coluujl'us. Drained by branches of Big Walnut and Big Lick creeks. Surface elevated and divcrsifled ; toil moder- ately fertile. The v. is situate in the 8. W. part of the t., and is a small agricultural sct'lement. Pop. 1,1S2. Haklkm river, X. Y. : a strait conneetmg the East r. with Hudson r., and forming the N. boundary of New York county. Ita western terminus has the name of Spuyten Tuyvil cr. The whole is about 9 ra. long, and is crossed by Several bridges, and also by High Bridge, or Croton Aque- duct, one of the finest works in the Union. Harle-m Spuing, p. o.. Carroll co., Ohio: 5 ra. S. E. Car- rolllon and luS m. E. N. E. Columbus. There is a noted mineral spring at this place, said lo have remedial properties. Harlicmvillk, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y.: 31 m. S. by E. Alb:tny. IlARLRNSBtrRiin, p. b., Lawrcncc county, Penn.: 193 m. W. N. W. Ihtrrisburg. Harlevsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Petvi. : 84 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Haellnokn, p. T., Somerset county, jV. Jer.: 16 m. N. Trenlon. Har-mar, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the S. side of Muskingum r.. opposite Marietta, and at its confluence with tlic Ohio. SS ra. E. 8. E. Columbus. It is the site of old Fort Harmar, the first fort erected by Americans in Ohio, and is named after its commander. It is a flourishing placa of about 1.200 inhabitants, and has several mills and manu- factories, for which it has abundance of watt^r-power from the dam on the Muskingum ; steaniboata are also built here. IIarmarville, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn.: 177 m. W. Ilarrisburg. HARMONsnrEGii, p. b., Crawford eo., Pmm.: on Con- neaul cr., at the N. end of Conneaut Lake, 212 m. W. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Har.monv, p. T., Clay co.. Jnd. : 64 m. S.W. Indianapolis. Hat-monv, f. and p. o.. Somerset co., Me. : 49 m. N. by E. Augusta. Drained by Higgins' and Maine streams, which empty into Moose Pond, the source of a constituent <:)f Se- bastieook r. Surface divcrsifled ; soil fertile and adapted to wheat. The are two villages in the t. Pop. 1,107. Harmony, p. v., Washington eo.. Mo, : on Courtois cr. of Maramec r., &3 ni. S. E. JeflTerson City. Harmony, t. and p. v., Warren co., X. Jer,: 43 m. N.W. Trenton. Drained by tributaries of Delaware^ r. Surface diversified ; soil generally good. The Delaware forms the W. border of tlie t. The v. is a small settlement of some 30 dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,564. Harmony, L and p. v.. Chautauque eo., X. Y. : 2S9 m. W. by S. Albany. I>rained by Little Broken Straw cr., running S. into Pennsylvania, and Goose cr. and other streams into Chautauque Lake, which lies on its N. E. border. Surface rolling; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, with some clay. The v. is a small settlement on the lake. In the t. there are numerous saw and grist mills, tanneries, etc. Pop. 3,749. Harmony, p. o., York dist., S. Ciir. : 77 m. N. Columbia. Harmony, p. v., Kent co., 3rd. Harmony, p. o., M'Henry co., HI: 173 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Harmony, p. o., Elbert county, Ga.: 87 m. N. N, E. Milledgeville. Hakmony, p. v., Halifax co., Virg. : on an affluent of Dan r., 109 m. S. W. Richmond. Harmony Grove, p. o., Jackson co., Ga. : 82 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. Harmony Valb, p. v., Sussex co., X. Jer.: 74 m. X. Trenlon. Harnagevillr, p. v., Cherokeo co., Ga. : on Etowah r,, 136 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. Harnedsville, p. v., Somerset county, Perm.: 113 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Haeolu, p. o.. Montgomery co., Ark.: on Washita r., ^ ra. W. by S. Little Rock. IIaio-ke's Frnav. p. v.. Jefferson co., Virg. : at the era- fiueuce uf tlij .-liouaodoab and Potomao rivors, .and wlivrc 27T HAR Ihu united stream passes through the Eluc Ridge, 122 m. N. by W. Richmond. Its scenery is most niugnifleent. The V. contains several considerablo mauufactures, and has uu- nier.ras large and well-stoclted stores. A national armory is aUo located hero, which has immense workshops, and in which are manufactured eycrj variety of small arms and criuipmeuts. Among other products in IS50 were O.COO percussion muslteU and 10,8:36 mu-kels altered to percus- sion. Tho river is here spanned by a lino bridge nearly 600 feel long, and the Baltimore and Ohio E. U. passes through it, SS m. from Ilallimore, and the Winchester and I'oloinac n. U. commences here. Along Ihc N. bank of tho r. tho Chosapeako and Ohio Canal has lis course. Top. iti l->.'iO, 1,747. Uaupeu'b FiPJiT, p. o., Abbeville dist., & Oir. : on the Eavannah r., lOS m. W. by N. Cnlumhia. nAnrrBsnELD, t. and p. v.. Delaware co., y. T. : 49 m. VT. 3. W. Alliany. Drained by Charlotte an.l Delaware rivers. Surface hilly and broken; soil a dark fertile loam, and well cultivated. Tho t. h.is about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. several grist and saw miUs, fulUug mUls, and tanneries. Pop. 1,604. IlAUfEUsruxD, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio.: 163 m. TJ. K. Columbvis. Drained by Grand r., which runs through it. Snrfaee diversified ; soils rich ami fertile. It has sev- eral mills and factories. Unionville, on the Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula E. R., is Uio principal v. lu the town. Pop. 1.279. HiiiPEii'B Home, p. e., Brunswick county, rirg.: 73 m. S. S. W. Richmond. IIaki'Eb's Miua, p. 0., Pendleton co., Viri/. : 1S2 m. N.W. Eicltmond. IlAiiPEr.sni.ii:, p. T., Shelby CO., Ala.: 70 m. N. by W. Jlonlgomcry. llArjEKSVilxE, p. T., Broome co. A'. Y. : on the TV. side of Susquehanna r., 108 m. W. S. W. Albany. Pop. about 2C0. IlAKrirn, p. t., Wilhamson co., Tlnn.; -ii m. S. S. E. NaAhville. IIakeell's Stobe, p. 0., Ne-n Hanover co.. A'. Car. : 112 m. 9. f>. E. Raleigh. 1IAP.EELLSV11I.E, p. »., Hertford co., iV. Car. : 102 m. N. E. Raleigh. ' IlAKiiitrrrsTOWR, t. nnd p. o., Franklin co., jV. 1'.; 114 m. N/ by W. Albany. Drained by Lower Saranac Lake and several other lakes and ponds forming tho sources of the Sar- an.ac and Racket rivers. Surface in the S. E. mountainous, otherwise varied; soil generally fertile, and timber is abundant. The v, has several slorci!, and about 40 dwell- ings. The t. is yet but sparsely settled and in a wilderness stale. Pop. 187. nAEMETisviLLi, p. T.,Uonroe CO., Ohio: IDS m. E. by 9. Cohunbds. IIakp.isotos, p. T., Cumberland eo., JT. Oar. : 6fi m. S. by W. Raleigh. llAiiKiKoTON, t and p. o., Washington co., J/c. ; 104 m. E. Augusta. The t occupies two peninsulas, having Pleas- ant River Bay on the E., and Narragaugua Bay on its W. side; and the rivers emptying into these, both of the same u:une, afford extensive water-power. I» has numerous mills, elc. Pup. 963. Hakkis county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 414 eq. m. Drained by Long Canoe, Pino Mountain, and Mulberry creeks, affluents of Chattahoochee r., its VV. boundary. Pine Mountain crosses the N., and the surfaef is much diversilled. The soU is good, producing com aud the grains. Farms 878 ; manuf. 73 ; dwell. 1,175, and poji. — wh. 6,709, Ht. col. 80, b1. 7,983— total 14,721. Capital: Hamilton. IIap.kib county, Tfos. Situalo S. E., and contains 1.C.5C «q. in. Drained by Cedar B.aynu, its E. boundary : San Jacinto r., which flows through the E. half, Spring er., its I ranch, and M. lino of county ; Buffalo Bayou and its afllu- 2TS HAR - cuts, Sims, Brays, Horse Pen, -While Oak, Hunting, Green's, and Carpenter's bayou.t, and by Clear cr., on its S. border, all of which empty into Oalveslon Bay. It is finely situated f.ir the transportation of its products, having Galvestoa Bay in the 3. E. and several large rivers; the' San Jacinto navigable 4i) m., Buffalo B.ayou 30, aud Cedar cr. 20, all deep streams, with scarcely perceptible currents. The streams are lined with forests, but most of the county is open prai« ric. wilh a rolling surface in the N. *rhe soil just on the coitst is of moderate fertility, but in the middle and M. eon- si.'^ls of a deep black mold, with a substratum of shells, and the E. h.is some of the best land in East Texas. lu timber is very valuable, consisting of pine on San Jacinto r. and Buffalo Bayou, aud elsewhere of magnolia, cypress, ccdais and several kinds of oak. Rotten limestone and beds of clay abound in the N. Cotlon is the great staple, but all the grains yield largely, and sugar is successfully cul>- tivaled. In the S. E. was fought the famous Battle of San Jacinto. Farms 197; manuf. 42; dwell. S-34. aud pop.— wh. S,76G, tr. col. 7, si. 905— total 4,C0S. Ci'intul: llouslou. PulUa Works: Houston and G.alveslon R. E., aud Bufliilfi Bayou, Brazos, and Ojlorado K. R. Haeeis, p. v., Louisa eo., Virg. : 47 m. N. W. Richmon.h IlABKisisnEGU, p. v., Fayetto co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by & Indianapolis. HABitisBUKon, p. T., Pontotoc CO., Miss. : 149 m. N. N. Ei Jackson. HAP.r.ismrEGii, p. T., Mocldenbufgh co., N. Car.: 127 in. \V. S. W. Raleigh. nABRisBtiEGn, p. T., AbbeviUo dist, S Car. : 108 m. W. by N". Columbia. ILvEBiSBUEGB, t. and p. o., Lewis co., N. Y.: 124 nh N. W. Albany. Drained by creeks, affluents of Black r- which afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil a brown loam. There aro several mills and stores in tha k Pop. 1,36T. HiEEisBCEGn, p. city, and cap. Dauphin co., rmn., and capital of the State of Pennsylvania : on the E. bunk of Susquehanna r., in lat. 40° 10' N., and long. 70° 50' W., 110 m. N. -SVashington. The river though voluminous is no! navigable here, except for rafts, which descend the cui* rent ; but it is accessible from all parts by ctnal of raif- road, and is a very Hourishmg interior market The city is built on elevated ground, and commands a varied and pleasant prospect of the surrounding country. Tho public buildings aro the Slate capilol, the court-house, the county prison, a Masonic Hall, the Lancaslerian school, churches of all denominations, some built at great expense, schoo^ houses, etc. The Capitol, or State house, is an imposing structure, consisting of a main building and two wings, each adorned with a portico and Ionic pillars; the central ediflco is ISO feet wide, 80 feet deep, and 108 feet from the ground to the tS6. Cxipital: Corydon. Harrison couuty, 2a. Situate "W., and contain 496 sq. m. Drained by Little Siuux, Soldier, and Boyer's rivers, afllu- ents of the Missouri, which furnis its W. boundary. Unor- ganized in 1S50. lJ.uuutiON county, Ky, Situate N., in E. part, and con- tains 310 sq. m. Licking r., a branch uf 0\\\*^ r., crosses its Cs. E. comer, and its branches drain it. Surface diversified, affording good water-power. Suil very fertile, producing great crops of the grains, on which cattle, hogs, and sheep ere raised in hirgo numbers. Farms 1,130; manuf. 54; dwell. 1,753, and pop.— wh. 9,"S9, fr. col. 140, si. S,l&5— total 13,064. CapiUd : Cynlhiana. Public Kirrks : Lex- ington and Covington E. K.; and Frankjbrt and Coving- ton B. K. IIaeeison county, Mi^s. Situate 9., and contains 1,064 sq. m. Drained by AVulf and Biioxi rivers in the* S., and in Uie N. by Bed and Liack creeks, aflluenls of Pascagouhi r. Surface mostly level, and in parts marshy; soil llglit and sandy, of moderate fertility, and covered with a growth of pine. Cotton is the export Farms S4 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell, t27, and pop.— wh. 3,378, fr. col. 56, si. 1,441— total 4,S75. CapiUd: Mississijjpi City. Harrison county, Mo. Situate N., and contains 792 eq. m. It Ues between E. and W. forks of Grand r., a trib- utary of the Missouri, and is drained by their branches. BiU"face various, and soil generally fcrtdc and well wooded. Farms 141 ; manuf. ; dwell. 3S7, and i)op.— wh. 2,4^, &■. cpl. 0, si. 13— total 2,447. CapnUU: Bethany. Haukison county, Ohio. Situate E. centrally, and contains 412 sq. m. Drained W. by branches of Tusoiirawas r., a head of Muskingum r., and E. by several small streams fluwicg E. into the Ohio. Surface very uneven, giving rise to nume- rous mill-streams and good water-power. Soil very pro- ductive, and tinely adapted to grain and grazing. Beef, pork, find wooij^re largely raised, and manufactures are exteu^iive. Farms 1,668 ; manuf. 74 ; dwell. 8,526, and pop.— wh. 19,370, fr. col. 2S7— total 20,157. Capital : Cadiz. Public Worfcs : Ohio Central R. K. Kaerison county, Tar. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S2 6q. m. Drained by Duffon's cr., Potter's cr.. Eight Mile cr., end other afliuents of Sabine r., its S. W. boundary, and Little and Big Cypress rivers, the latter its N. boundary, with Ferry and Caddo lakes, by the afHuents of which the N. ts drained. The streams .'ire small, but swift; surface almost level, with a gentle slope to the S. E., and, except a few prairies in the W., covered with a dense forest of huge pines, cypresses, elms, hickories, and oaks. Soil, except a few sandy ridgta in tlie N. W,, verji productive, consisting of rich black mold, with a substratum of red loam. Cotton yields great crops, and wheat as good or better. Excellent coalis found on the Sabine r. Farms 521; manuf. 13; dwell. 9T2, and pop.— wh. 5,Ct)4, fr. col. 5, sL 6,213— total 11,S22. OJi'i't.!;.- Marshall. Uarrisox county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 459 sq. ni. Drained by "W-fork of Monongahela river and its branches. Surface elevatci and broken, with fine mill* Blrenms ; soil very fertile. All the grains thrive, and much attention iri paid lo raising cattle and fattening pork. Maple sugar and tobacco aro among the products. Farms 1,093; manuf. 34 : dwell. 1,SC6, and pop.— wh. 11,214, fr. col. 26, sL 4->S— total 11,72S. CupiUU: Clarksburg. Pullic M'orkSJ Nortli-westeru R. B. II ARtusoN. p. v.,^Vinncbago co., JU. : on the S. of Peck*- tonica r., 132 m. N. Spnngfield. llAKutsoN, t- and p. c, Cumberland county, Jfe. : 51 m. W. S. W. Augusta. It has Crooked r. on llie E., and on the W. Long Pond, or Cay of Naples. It is connected with Portland by Sebago Lake and the canal. Surface variottSj soil fertile, and adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,416. Harrison, p. o,, Washtenaw co., Mich. 1Iarr[3on, Land p. o., 'Westcliester co., A'. Y.: 13S m. 6. by E. Albany. Drained by Blind Brook and MamaronecS cr., which run S. into Long feland Sound. Surface level, but diversified; soil loam, and well cultivated. The p. o. is 26 m. from New York City, and the t. is intersected by (he New York and New Uaven K. K. Pop. 1,261. Harrison, p. v., llamilton co., Ohio: on the E. side of White Water r., and on llie canal, 105 m. W. S. W. Colui» bus. It is a fli'urishing v., with several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 700 inhabitants. A portion of the v. is within the limits of Indiana, ita main street being in the ilividiiig line of the two Stales. Hareison, p. v., and cap. llamilton co., Ttiin.: o& the led or S. bank of Tennessee r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashvilla It contaiiLS a court-house. Jail, etc., and about 400 inhabit* ants. The projected railroad from Charleston lo Chattanooga passes thnmgb this place. IlAKRisosBCRGn, p. V., and cap. Catahoula par.. La. : on the W. side of Washita r., 97 m. N. N.W. Baloa Bouge. U contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitaote, IlAKBiaoNBiTRon, p. V., aud cap. Bockingham co., Vlrg.: IIU m. N. W. liichmuad. It contains a court-house, Jail, etc., and has numerous stores, being the trailing centre of a large region of country. Two newspapers are published here, the '• Bockingham Begistor'' (dem.), and the '* Hias risonburg Bepublicau'' (whig), both weekly issu^^s. Pop. about 1,400. It is intended that the Manassas Gap E. & shall be carried from its present terminus at Front Eoyal, southward through Ilarrisonburgh. IIaruson City, p. v., Westmoreland co., Pemi. : 149 ns W. llarrisburg. Harrison's Mills, p. o., Crawford co., Mo. : on the E. side of Maramec r., 62 m. S, E. Jefferson City. Haurisos S^iUARE, p. V., Norfolk co., Mans. ; on the Uae of the Old Colony E. E., 4 m. from Boston- Harrison Yalley, p. o., Potter co., Peniu : 131 m. N.W. llarrisburg. Hakeisonville, p. v., and cap. Monroe co,, lU.: on flic E. bank of the Mississippi r., 113 m. a S. W. SpringQeli It contains the county oflieos and several stores. HercuU- Ufum lies on tlic opposite side of the river. Haruisonville, p. v., Shelby county, Ky. : 27 m. TT* Frankibrt. Hareison^ille, p. v., and cap. Cass co.,Mo.: on a forlC vi Grand river of the Osago, 113 miles W, Jefferson Cltjl, It euntiuns a cjurt-house, jail, etc., aud about 150 iuhal> itants. IIareison\tlle, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the Ualoft- town Turnpike, 7 m. W. Baltimore, and 29 m. N. by "Ww Annapolis. HARaTsoN\aLLE, p. v., Gloucester county, N. Jer. : li m, S. by W. Trenton. Uarkisonville, p. v., Meigs county, Ohio. : 82 m. S. B. Columbus. Haerisonville, p. v., Fulton oo., P&nn. : 6S m.W. by S^ Harrisburg. HiaRL:>i\»a^, p. T., Waahington oo., X?ui^ .' on the line 27'J HAR HAR of the New Albany and Salem R. E., 80 m. from the former placf, and 79 m. S. Indianapolis. 1IABRI6V1LLK, p. 0., MarqucltG county, ^Visc. : 52 m. N. Madison. Haekisville, p. v., Montgomery county, A". Car.: SO m. W. S. W. Kaleigh. Habrisville, p. T., Cheshire co., N. Ilamp. : 78 m. S.W. Concord. Habristille, p.v., Harrison CO., OAw: in the 8.E.comer of the county, 110 m. E. byN. Columbus. llARinsviLLE, p. v., Butler co., Pmn. : 1T9 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. IIabp.isvillk, p. T., Brunswick co.yVirg. : 51 m. S. by "VV. Eichinond. HARBoiwnrBGU, p. v., Monroe co., Jiid. : 54 m. S. B. W. Indiuuapolis. llARnoDSBiTEQH, p. V., and cap. Mercer co., Xt/.: on a branch of Salt r., 29 ni. S. Frankfort, It contains a courl- liou.sc. jail, etc., several stores and mcchsmic shops, and 1,4S1 inliabllnnts. Bacon College is located here ; it was foundt^d in 1S3G, and in 1S50 had 5 professors, 75 students, and a library of 1,200 rolumes. In the vicinity is a noted mini-ral spring, which is much resorted to by invalids. Habry Uill, p. o., Marshall co., Mis8. : 173 m. N. by E. Jackson. Harshmansville, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Hart county, A'l/. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 404 Bq. m. lutcrseeted by Green r., and bounded N. W. by Nolin cr., its branch. Surface mostly level, and soil pro- duclire. Tobacco is the great staple. Farms 829; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 1,212. and pop.— wh. 7,740, fr. col. 53, si. 1,301— total 9,0y3. Cdpitul : Mumfordsville. Public Workt : Danville and Nashville R. E. Uaktfield, p. v.. Chautauque co., N. Y. : 2S2 m. W. by S. Albany. IIaetfoed county. Conn. Situate JT. centrally, and con- tains 727 sq. m. Intersected from N. to S. by the Connecti- cut, and drained by its aftluents, Farmingtou and Mill rivers on the W., and on the E. Podunk, Scanlie, and other small Streams. Surface nmch diversified, from alluvial meadows, annually overflowed, to high rocky hills; soils also various, but grnrrally very fertile, and uurler admirable cultivation. In the E. are unsurpassed farms and dairies, in the middle Uie delightful and invaluable meadows of the Connecticut basin, and on the AV. streams, land almost as good. The Cicilities fitr manufactures are great, and all improved. Tlio articles made embrace almost every thing in use; but for Talue and qu.ility, those best known are carpels, powder, axe5, clocks, tinware, and iron castings. For eoramerce and transportation, it has the Connecticut navigable through it, and railroads in every direction. It embraces one capital of the Stale and the penitentiary in its limits, besides munifi- cent benevolent and literary establishments. In the 8. AV. is a copper mine of great extent and exceedingly rich ore. Iron isaUofnund. Farms 3,860; manuf. 734; dwell. 11,31S, and p.ip.— wh. GS,756, fr. col. 1,210— tola! G9.966. Capital : Ilant' Td. PieJdic W&Hs: Farminglou Canal (littlt^ used) ; Spriiigfli-ld, Ilarlford and New Uavun li. I'.; New Ilaven and Northampton (or Canal) II. K. ; Ilartford, Providence and Fishkill i:. K. ; Collinsville Branch K. K. nART¥v>Ru, p. city, and cap, Hartford eo,, Comi., and one of the capitals of the St.-ite: on the W. side of Conneclieut r., at the head of ship navigation. BO in, from its mouth, in lat. 41^ 45' 59" N., and long. 72° 40' 45" W., »85 m. N. E. ■\Vaahinj^l«iQ. The site of the city rises gradually ffom Iho r., and on the S. and \V. is considerably elevated. The compact iTart is more than a mile in length and about three- fonrths of n mile wi.U-; and the PtreeU are arranged with greiit res^ulaniy LiiUu r., which crosses the city in its S. part, fnniishefl a TRhnible wnter-power; bridges eroM this iind .iIki tlieC-nneeticutr.. thoeg over the l.-itier eonnecling U with Kaal Ilarlford. The moet oocspicuooa pubhe build- 2SU ings are the Slate House, the City Hall, Trinity College, the American Asylum, the Kctreat for the Insane, the AVadsworth Atheneum, numerous elegant churches, an arsenal, (he market-houses, etc. There are 5 Congregational churches. 3 Episcoi>aiian, 2 Baptist, 3 Episcopal Methodist, 1 Protestant Methodist. 1 Roman Catholic, 2 Second Ad- vent, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Unitarian, 1 Uuiversalist, and 1 Jew's gynagogue— in all 24 clmrchcs. Trinity vformcriy Washington) College was founded in 1S24. and in 1»5(J had a president. S professors, 300 alumni, of which 130 were in the ministry, and SO students, and a library of 12,000 vol- umes. It is under the control of the Episcopalians. Tho American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established by the late Itev. Thomas H. Gallaudet, and wasihe first in- stitution of the kind in the United States ; it has extensive buildings in the W. part of the city, and is the most (lour- jibhing and valuable asylum in the Union. The lietreat for the Insane is a little S. of the city, and, like the asylum, is a weil-condupted and successful institution. Hartford has numerous academies and schools, which reflect great credit on the city ; and it has a public press not surpassed for mo- rality and intelligence; it h*8 2 daily papers, of which weekly editions are also published, 6 weeklies, and 2 month- lies. The dailies are the ''H. Couranf (whig), and tho " H. Times" (dem.) ; the weeklies, the " H. Courier" (whig), the '*Kepublican" (F. S.). the "New England Fountain" (temperance), and the " Christian Secretary'' (liapt.), the " Calendar" (Episc), and the " Religious Herald'' (Congr.), devoted to religious subjects. Hartford is also celebrated for its extensive book business. As a manufacturing city, Hartford stands high, and eontams numerous lumber yards, machine shops, fire-arm manufactories, boot and shoe factories, and a variety of handicrafts ; and as a place of commerce, it has many advantages, its natural market being the valley of the Connecticut. It is also a dep6t of interior trade and railroad traffic, being in the centre of the State and intersected by railroads from every direction. Steam- boats also ply regvdariy to New York. Pop. in 1810,^955; in 1S20, 4,720; in 1S30, 7,076; in 1S40, 9,46S ; and in ISoO, 17.960. The Indian name of the silo of Hartford was "Suckeag." In ItJSS the Dutch built a fort here, and in 1635, the Duteh having relinquished their claims to the English, Hartford was permanently settled by emigrants from Massachusetts under charge of Rev. Mr. Hooker. It was incorporated as a city in 17S4, and is now governed by a mayor and municipal officers. IIautfokd, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 103 m. N. N. "W, Miiledgeville. HAKTroED, p. v., Ohio CO., Ind.: on Loughery cr., 82 ra. S. E. Indianapolis. It contains about 50 dwellings, aud 300 inhabitants. Habtford, p. v., Knox county, /W.; S5 m. N. N. TV. Springfield. Habtfoed, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., JCi/. : on the S. side of Rough cr. of Green r., 125 m. "W. S. W. FrankforU It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. IIaetfokd. t. and p. o.. Oxford county. Me.: 31 m. W. Augusta. Drained by ponds and small streams emptjing into Androscoggin r. It is a fine agricultural t*jwnship, with a varied surface, and a soil well adapted for wheat and grass. The principal v. is loeated centrally, and there are also North and South villages of the same name. Pop. of 1. 1.293. Hartford, t. and p. v., "Washington co., iV^. T.: 47 m. N. by E. All>any. Drained by branches of Wood cr. Sur- face hilly ; soil sandy and clay loam. The v., situate on tho old N. pfist road, contaiiis 20iJ inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2.051. Hartford, L and p. o.. Trumbull co., Ohio : 156 m. N. E. ColumluiF. Drained !>y affluents of Shenango creek. Sur- face diversified; soil ferule and well cultifatod. Building stone it; abundHni. Pop. 1.25S. H ABTFouD, L and p. v.. Windsor co., TWv/i. ; 42 ni. S. S. E, Moutpalier. Draiuod by AVhile aud WiUorqueochy river*; HAH and the Connecticut, into which they fall, lies on the E. bor- der. Surfiic* somewhat uneven ; soils generaUy frrtUe, and on the rivers rich, warm, and very productive. The princi- pal V. lies at the mouth of White r., and there are in the t. the villages of West Uartford, Woodstock, White Kivcr Village, and Queeohy Valley, the three first of which lie on While r. and the Vermont Central K. K. The t. has eon- eideralilc manufactures. Pop. 2,1511. HAHTFonD, t. and p. v., Washington co., Wixc: 54 m. E. N. E. .Madison. Brained by Kocli r., which rises in this t. from a large pond. Surface elevated and level ; soil rich and fertile. The village is S. of the river, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,003. IlAr.TUEGiG, p. 0., Mercer CO., J'enu. : 203 m. W. N. W. narrisl>urg. Hahtland, p. v., McHenry CO., lU. : ISO m. N. N. E. Springtleld. • HAKTl.ANn, t. and p. v., Somerset Co., Me. : 4:3 m. N. by E. Augu8t.t. Drained by Sebasticoolc r., antl Moose Pond lies oil its N. border. Surface elevated and rolling : soil adapted to grain and grass. Tbere is a small v. toward the south part. Pop. of t. 96't. • Haetlami. t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 23 m. N. W. Hartford. Drained by branches of Farminglon r., and has consideriiblc water-power. Surface mountainous ; soil some- what rocky, but fertile in grass. The principal v. is situate in the S. E., and there is a v. caUed West nartland. The t. has several mills, and carries on some mechanical business. Pop. S4S. Hai'.tlaxd, t. and p. t., Livingston co., 3Iic7t. : 4S m. E. byS. Lansing. Drained by the beads of Shiawassee and Huron rivers. Surface elevated, but not broken, and form- ing the watershed between streams flowing N. and S. to the rivers named above. It is an excellent farming country, producing wheat, com, etc., and has line grazing tracts. Pop. of t. 996. Hautlano, t. and p. t., Niagara co., X. Y. : 244 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Johnson's and Eighteen Mile creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. Surface level ; soil sandy and c.ilcarcous loam. The p. o. is a small agricultural vil- lage on the N side of Johnson's creek. Pop. of t, 8,023. ' Haiitlasd, t. and p. o., Huron CO., 0/iw: 89 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie. Surface level ; soil sandy loam and fertile. It is a One agricultural town and has 1,044 mhabitants. Hartxano, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Vt^rm, : 51 m. S. S. E. Moutpclier. Drained by Waterqueechy r. and Lull's brook, both affluents of Connecticut, which makes the E. border. The t. has immense water-power and numerous manufac- tures. Surface diversified ; soil generally pro.luctive, and there are meadows on the Connecticut. The v. is located on the line of the Vermont C-entral E. E., 4 m. above Wind- sor, and 4 m. N. of it is the village of North Hartland. Pop. of t. 2,063. Hartland, p. t., Waukesha c-junty, Wic : 54 m. E. Mntlison. Habtleton, p. v.. Union CO., Peiin.: 48 m. N, W. by N. Harrisburg. Hart Lot, p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 122 m. W. by N. Albany. Hai:t's Grove, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 150 m. N.E.Columbus. Drained by affluents of Grand river. Sur- / face level ; soil productive. Pop. S22. Hai'.tsuor-n, p. v.. Orange Co., X. Car. : 47 m. N. W. P.aleigh. Hart's Location, p. o., Coos co., K Ilamp. : 92 m. N. Concord. Hart's MrLts, p. o., Eiplcy CO., Ind. : on Laughery cr., T4 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Haktstown, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. ; 212 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Hat.t's V1L1.AGK, p. T., Dutlorailo r., and in the S*.by Blanco r. of San Marcu r., a brancli of the Guadalupe. Surface elevated, with bold eminences and deep ravines in the S. ; in the N^ less broken, with tine alluvial bottoms. Soil on the Peder- nales, equal to any in the State ; the rest is thinner, but gives good crops of corn and cotton. Native indigo grows in abundance, and sugar-cane is cultivated. Limestone is everywhere ; beds of marl are ti-equent, and iron ore abounds. Timber forests skirt every stream, and water-- power is always near. Farms 22 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 41, and pop.— wh. 2o9, fr. col. 0, si. 12S— total 3S7. Capital : San Marco. Hay's Ceeek, p. 0., Carroll co., 3Tiss.: on a cr. of Blgt Black r. so called, SI m. N. N. E. Jackson. Hay's Spuing, p. 0., Jefferson county, K^.: 47 m. W. Frankfort. Hay Stacim p- 0., Surrey co., A^ Car. : 123 m. W. N. \V. Raleigh. Haysville, p. v., Dubois co., Ind. : on the S. side of the E. fork of White r., 95 m. S. S. "W. Indianapolle. Pop. 200. Uavsville, v. and sta., Alleghany co., Penn. ; on the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 10 m.N.'W. Pittsburg. Haysville, p. v., Marion county, Ki/.: 42 m. S. by \X, Frankfort. Haytee's Gap, p. 0., Washington co., Vlrfj. : 253 m. W. S. W. Ricbmond. Haywood counly, A'". Ctir. Situate S. "W., and contains 056 sq. m. Drained by Big Pigeon r., a branch of Xoli- chucky r., and head of the Tennessee. Surface very high and broken in parts, affording excellent miU-slream-j. S^)il pruductive, with tine jjasturage and gijod timber. Many cattle are raised. Farms 053 ; raanuf. 0; dwell. 1,U0. and pop.— wh. 5,931, fr. col. 15, si. 41$, Indiaus 710— total 7,074. Capital : "Waynesville. Haywood county, Tenn. Sitnato W., and contains 500 sq, ra. Drained S. by Big Hatcbie river, N. by S. llirk of Forked Deer r., both affluents of the Mis9i^sii)pi. Surface level, or gently undulating; soil very fertile; ooMon is the staple ; tobacco and com come next, and nuieh jxjrk 'is fatted. Farms 967; manuf. 13; dwell. 1,454, and pop.— wh. 8,713, fr. coL 4S, si. S,49S— total 17,269. Capital: ErownesvUle. Haywood, p. v., Chatham co., 2^. Car.: at the conQu- enf e of Uaw and Dei-p rivers of Cape Fear r., 27 m.V\. S.W. Raleigh. Hazaed Foeoe, p. o., Hardy co., Vir(;.: 154 m. N. TV Richmond. Hazabdtille, p. v., Hartford county, Conn. : 16 ra. N. Hartford. It contains 53 houses, 2 stores, 2 churches, a school-house, and Lyceum ; and in the immediate vicinity arc the extensive mills of the Hazaril Powder Company. Hazel Bottom, p. o., Barr>- county. Mo.: 157 m. S. T7. Jefferson City. Hazel Flat, p. o., Shelby county, Tenn.: l^em.W. s.W. Nashville. Hazel GHnnx. t. and p. 0., Grant co., Wise, : 66 m. S.^\■. Madison. Drained by Sinsinewa and other affluents nfilu; Mississippi river Surlace rugged ; soil not the moat fertile. 283 HAZ HEL Lead ore is found in abundance. The v. is siluale on Ihe GalL'ua and i'latievilie Turnpike. Pop. oft. 654. IIazel Gkeen, p. o., MadFsoB €o., Ala,: 1T7 m.N.by W. Monlgomery. Hazei. Gkees, p. 0., Morgan «o., Ky. : 83 ra. E. by S. Frankfort. , Hazel Grove, p. o., Saliue oounty, J£o. ; GS m. "W. N.W. Jefferson City. IIazelton, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn.: 79 m. N. K. IInrrisl)urg. It is a noted mining viilapre, and is connected with the Lebigli navigation by a railroad. Beaver Meadow is a few miles S. of Haziltoti. Hazelwood, p. o., Ballard co., Ky. : 2-12 ni. Vs. S. W. Frankfort. Hazlewood, p. v., Chester district, S. Cur.: 46 m. N. Columbia. Hazlewoop, p?o., Wright co.. Mo.: 104 m. S, by "W. Jefferson City. IIeadi.ev's Mills, p. o., Fountain county, Ind.: G7 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. Head of Barf-en, p. c, Claiborne county, Tenn. : 173 m. E. by N. Nashville. Head of Clinch, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg. : 223 m. TV. by y. Eiehmond. Head of Patnt, p. o., Morgan Co., Ky. : at the head of Paint cr. of Big Saady r., 109 ni. E. by S. FrankforL Head of Sassafras, p. v., Kent co., J/rf.; at the head of the river so called, 18 m. from its cxmfluence with Chesa- peake Bay. and 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. Head QuARTEta, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky.: 55 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Hf-aling Spei.ngs, p. o., Davidson co., K Car. : 92 m-W. Ealeigh. Heard county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 26T sq^ m. Drained by Chattahoochee river, which passes through its K.'half. Surface mostly even, willi good mill- sites ; soils very productive ; cotton is the staple production. Farms 512 ; raanuf. 5 ; dwell. 724, and pop.— wh. 4,520, fr. col. 3, fll. 2,400— total 6,923. Cajiitul: Franklin. Hbaenville, p. v., Putnam co., Ga.: 27 rn. N. by "W. Milledgeviile. Heart PBAintE, p. o.,'Walworlh co., Wise. : 46 ra. E. S. E. Madison. Heartwellville, p. v., Bennington co., Verm. : 9S m. S. by W. Montpelier. Heath, t- and p. v., Franklin county, Jifa.ss. : 98 m. "W.N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfield r., one of which affords water-power. Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. There is a central village. Population Heath's Creek, p. o., Pettis co., Mo. : on a creek of Riviere a la Mine so called, 60 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. IIeathsville, p. v., Halifax co., y. Car. : 78 m. N. E. Ealeigh. Heatiisvtlle, p, v.. and cap. Northumberland co., Virg. : near the head of Coan r., 63 m. E. N. E. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several industrial eatiililishments, and about 360 inhabitants. Hebbardsville, p. v., Henderson co., Ky. : 137 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Hkbbaudsvili.e, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Hebron, t and p. v., Tolland co., Omn. : 19 m. S. E. Horlford. Drained by Hop r.. a branch of AVillimantic r. which forms its N. border, and in the S. Uie outlet of North Pond affords water-power. Snrface hiljy and uneven; soil pcnerany of an average fertility, and good grazing land. The V. has 2 handsome churches, and about 40 neat dwell- ings ; and besides the principal v. there are several others. The t. has considerable manufactures (iron, cotton, paper, leather, etc.), and 1,345 inhabitants. Hebron, p. v., Washington county, Ga.: 16 m. S. E. Milledgeviile, 284 Hebron, p. v., Porter co., Jnd.: 119 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Hbbron, p. T., McHenry «o., liL: 194 m. N. N. B. Springfield. Hebron, t. and p. o., Oxford co., J/"^. ; 37 m. W. S. W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin r. Surface diversifled ; soil generally fertile. The v. is located about 2 m. \V. of Buckfleld Branch K. E., which passes through the east part of the town. Pop. of t. SS9. Hebron, t. and p. c, Grafton county, K. ITamp.: 83 m. N. N. W. Concord. Drained by creeks emptying into Newfoundland Lake, which occupies a third of the area of tJie town. Surface diversified; soil generally fertile. Tha T. Is located on a stream near the head and west of the lake. Pop. of t. 565. Hebron, t. and p. v., Washington cb., K. F". ; 44 m. N. N. E. All)any. Drained by Black cr. Surface hilly and diversified ; soil sandy loam and fertile. The v. is a small settlement N. of Black r., and contains about 70 inhabilanta In the t. there are some small manufactures. Pop. 2,54S. Hebron, t and p. o.. Potter co., Pcun.: 127 m, N. W. Harrisburg. Brained by the head branches of Alleghany t Surface soinewliat broken; soil generally productive — on tha whole a good farming section. Hebcon, ji. v., Licking co., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, 27 ni. E. Columbus. Hebron, p. y., Tyler county, Virg. : 239 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Hecktown, p. v., Northampton co., Perm. : 95 m. E. N. E* Harrisburg. Hecla, p. o., Carroll county, Tenn,: 97 m. W, by S. Nashville. Hecla Works, p. v., Oneida co., 27. T. : 94m. W. N. W. Albany. Hectoe, t and p. v., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 153 m. W. by 3, Albany. Drained by streams flowing in opposite directions into Cayuga and Seneca lakes, the latter of which forms ita W. border. Surface elevated and undulating ; soil fertile, and adapted to grass. Hector is a small agricultural village, and there arc several others, as Mecklenburg, N. Hector, Logan, Keynolds, Burdett, etc., in the town. Pop. of t. 6,i*56. Hector, L and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 118 m. N. N. W« Harrisburg. Hector, p. v., Jay co., IjuI. : 73 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis^ Hedgeksville, p. v., Berkeley co., Virff. : 137 m. N. by W. Bichmond. Heidleesburgh, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 24 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Ueldekeerq mountains, iK T.: the N. portion of the Kaatsberg moumains, extending through Albany and Scho- harie counties. They are 400 or 500 feet high, precipitous, and consisting of limestone based on graywacko. Caverns and fossil remains occur in the calcareous formations. Helena, p. v., and cap. Philips co., Arl: : on the W. side of the Mississippi, 97 m. E Little Rock. H contains a court- house, jail, etc., a U. S. land office, n\mierou9 stores, and haa^ three ntfwspapers, the "Southern Shield" (whig), and the " True Issue" (State-rights), published weekly, and the "Bulk-tin," a monthly issue. It has a large trade with the back country and the settlements on St. Frances r., from which it receives considerable cotton for shipment. There is a very fine range of hills inmiedialely back of the viUagu^ the only ones seen along the river for some distance ; and on this account the countrj- is not so liable to be flooded. Helena Is thought to be well located for a terminus of a rail- road to the Pacific, and as such was highly recoumiended to the New Orleans C^^nvention of 1S52. Pop. 6T7. Uklena, p. o., Peoria co., lU. : 76 m. N. Springfield. Helena, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : 7S m. N. E. Frankfort, Helena, p. v., Bl Lawrence co., K. T. : on St. Regis r., 15Sm. N. N. W. Albany. It has several mills, and about 200 inhabitants. Helena, v. and sta., Newberry Uist, S. Car. : on the line HEL HEN of tho Greenville and Columbia K. R., 4S ni. W. N. W. Columbia. The Laun-ns li. K. here diverges from Ihe maio track tu Laurens C. H. IIblena, p. o., Iowa co., Wise: on tlic S. side of "Wia- consin r., aS m. W. Madison. The Milwaukle and Missis- sippi K. R. will pass through tliis village. llELENViLLE, p. V., Jcffersun CO., Wise: 43 m. E. by S. Madison. IIellam, t. and p. o., York co., Penn.: 21 m. S. E. Ilar- risburg. Urained by Codorus and Orist creeks of Suaque- hanna r., which forms its E. boundary. A bridge crosses the river at Wrightsville 5.GD0 feet long. Pop. 1,G2'J. Hell Gate, or Ilelle Gatt, A' }'. ; a i>assage between the East r. and Long Island Sound. f<»rmed l)y the approxi- mation of Great Barn and Long Island, 7 m. N. K. New Tork City. JMU^ Gatt means ?Ja&t Gntp,a,\\>\ has no refer- ence to the locality usually meant by its synouyn). Tiie rocks and eddies that fornierly rendered Us passage danger- ous to navigation have been removed, and the largest shii)3 •an now go through wiiliout fear of injury. IIeli.en, p. v., Elk CO., Peini. : 14-2 m. N.W. Harrisburg. IIellehtow.n, p. v., Northampton county, Ptnii.: %\ m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Helton, p. v., Aslie county, A^. Cur.: 173 m. W. by N. Baleigh. IlEi.ToxvrLLE, p. v., Lawreucc co,, InYhitesides county, /W.; 142 m. N. by W. Springfield. Hemlock Lake. i>. o., Livingston cn.^ X. Y. : on lite W. Bide of the lake so called, 102 m. W. Albany. Ilemloek Lake is G m. long an4. Capital: Lexington. He.ndkiison county, Tex. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 1,1S9 sii. ni. Drained by Cedar, Walnut, and Oiter creeks, affluents of Trinity r., its W. boundary, and Kickapoo, Flat, and Caddo creeks, branches of Neehes r., its F. boundary. Surface level or undulating; soil on the Trinity rich loam, on the Neehes more sandy, and between - hickory uplanrmer place. Tho t. has several mills, etc., but is almost wholly agricultural. Pop. 2,239. The EUisburg and SackcLs Harbor R. R. rims along the E. end of the township. Henderson, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : 51 m. S. S. W. Milled geville. ilENDKitsoN, p. v., Mercer co., Perm.: 1S9 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. HENPKP.80N, p. v., and cap. Rusk co,, Tc\r.: at the head of Big Shawnee cr., a constituent of Angelina r., 23'} m. N. E. Austin City. It ia a considerable v., and has three 2S5 HEN HEN nc--\v5papcr3, the "Texas "NVbig." the "jEgis of Truth," and the *■ Fia<; of the Union." Pop. about SOO. Uexperson's Mij5, p. o., Greono oo., Tmn^: 21S m. E. Nasliville. IIendeksonville, p. T., aneessvii-le, p. v., Henry county, Ay, ; 26 m. J?. W. FranklV-rt. IliiNDBicK's county, Tnd. Situate cenO^lIy, and contains G^7 sq. in. Drained by Eel r., and Whilo Lick and M.id creeks, head waters of White r. In tho e. and N. W. the surface is unrlulaling, elsewhere tho county is level. More Uian half tho soil is a rich loam mixed with sand. The staple products are wheat, corn, and pork. Tarnis 1,444 ; mauuf. 10; dwell. 2,390, and pop.— wh. 14,047, fr. col. 8G— total 14.0S3. CajnUd: Danville. Public ITorA"*; Terre Unuto and Kichmond K. K. IlENDniCK's, sla., Putnam co., Tnd.: on the line of the lerre Haute and Kichmond K. R., 44 m. W. Indianapolis. Hexdejck'-s p. o., Yazoo co., Miss. : 32 m. N.W. Jackson, ZIeni>i'.ick'3 Mills, p. c, Enssell county, Virg.: 263 m. W. by S. Kichmond, IIendkick's Stoee, p. o., Bedford county, Hrff. : 131 m. ^\'. by S. liichmond*- IIendeicksthle, p. T., De Kalb co., Ala^ : 152 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Ulndrysbuegh, p. v., Belmont co,, Ohio: 94 m* E, Columbus. Heslopen cape, Del. : the S. "W. point at the entrance of Delaware Bay, IS m. 8. W. from Capo May, the opposite point. A lighthouse is located here. LaL U6° 47' N,, and Ion. 750 6' W. Uenly's Stoee, p. o., Franklin co., Ga. : 100 in. N. MilledgeviUe. Hennepin, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Hi. : on the E. bank of the Illinois r., at its great bend, 102 ra. N. Spring- field. It has an elevated and pleasant position, the ground rising gently from the river. It contains a court-house, jail, eic. numerous stores and mechanic sho^js, and about 430 Inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this point at a moderate etage of the water. Hennieee, t and p. T.,Merrimao co., X. Ilamp. : 13 m. Vi. by 8. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r., which affords water-power. In tho W. part of the L is Long Pond, which discharges itself into the Contoocook. Surface hilly; soil moderat*.'ly fertile. There are several villages in the I., the principal v. near the centre. The New Hampshire Central K. Pl. and the Contoocook Talley E. R. cross each otiier in passing through Ilenniker. Pop. 1,C9C. Hksmng's p. 0., Gibson county, Tonn,: 122 m. "W. Ka^shville. Hekrico county, Virg. Situate E., and contains 2CS.sq. CD. Drained by affluents of James r., -which bounds it S., and by Chickahominy r., its N. E. boundary. Surface un- dulating or broken, and much diversified ; soil good, pro- ducing the ccrtals and tobacco; but the chief wealth of the CO, arises from its vast mineral reSources, its extensive com- merce and growing manufactures. The great natural i>ro- duct of the earth is bituminous coal, deposits of which extend over a large part of it, and which is much sought after for its superior quality. The mines are deep, and widely wrought, and tlio quantity of coal annually brought up and exported, very great Lying along tlie noble James r,, at the heat) of navigation for the largest vessels, it has a fine situation for commanding the transportation of the pro- duct* of the immense and fertile region of which it is the outlet. Ships from its ports visit all quarters of the world, loaded with corn, flour, wheat, tobacco, and coal. The falls uL James r. ftimieh the beat of water-power, with ecoroeljr 280 a limit to Its extent. This has been used fn part, and hero arc the largest flouring eslablishuieuts in the ttale, and the best cotton and woolen factories. Though not a gnat agrV cultural county, its situation and ollu-r natural advantage* make it one of the most imporuinl In the Stale. Fama 454; manuf. 230; dwell. 5,:-;iT, and pMj>.— wh. 23.S00, fr. col 3,6G3, si. 10,109 — total 4'3,572. CapiUd: Kiebraund. Pid'Iic Wu7'7:s: James Biver Canal; Biehmond, Frederick aoJ Potomac K. E.; Virginia Central K. B., etc. Hesric's Foek, p. o., Gilmer co., I 'irg. : 222 m. W. N. "S^ Eichmond. Heseietta, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mh'h. : 26 m. S. S. I^ Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Graud r. There aro several ponds in the I., and a considerable portion is marshy. Pop. S82. Henrietta, t. and p. v., Monroe county, N. Y. : 193 nk W. by N. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Gencsea r., which marks the W. border, and of Irondequoit cr. Surface oUing; soil sand and clayey loam, very fertile. Tho ■fc contains about 200 inhabitants. Tho industry of the L is devoted almost wholly to agriculture. Pop. 2,513. llEXEinTA, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio : 97 m. N. K. K Columbus. Drained by Vermillion r. and other streams, which nm northward to Lake Erie. Surface diversified; son generally fertile. The v. is located on the old post roo^ Pop. of t, 1,042. Hkneletta, p. 0., Montgomery co., Tcnn. : 4T m. N, "Vt Nashville. Henrt county, Ala. Situate In S. E. comer, and oo]> tains 953 sq. m. Drained W. by head of Choetawatchie t^ S. by heads of Chipola r., a tributary of Appalachicola r., and E. by afHueuts of Chattahoochee r., which forma ita li boundary. Surface varied, affording water-power, to wort up the pine timber that covers much of it. Cotton is the staple. Farms 671 ; manuf. ; dwell, 1,142, and pop. — v,%. 6,775, fr. col. 1, fl. 2,242~total 9,019. Capikil : Abbeville Ptd'lie Works: Fort feainesand Pensacola E. B, Hesrt county, Ga. Situate N. W. centrally, and oou^ tains &S7 sq. m. A head of Ockmulgee r. drains it N. E., and a branch its S. part. Surface diversified, and soils very productive of cotton and the grains. Farms 1,003; manul 3 ; dwell. 1,6S0, and pop.— wh. 9,743, fr. col. 14, si. 4,96^- total 14,726. Capital : McDonough. Puhlic Works : Macon and "Western B. E. Heney county, lU, Situate N. "W., and contains 804 e% m. Drained by Spoon r., an alllueut of lUinois r., and Ed- wards r. of the Mississippi in the S., and in the N. by Green r., a branch of Eock r., which bounds it N. W. Surface no* dulating or level; soil of great fertility, the river boltomfi espcoiiUIy, and makes this a great farming county. Farmfi 2S1 ; manut 0; dwell. 772, and pi^p.— wh. S,S07, fr. coI.-(^— total 3,S07. Capital: Morrietowu. Public Works : Chicago and BoL-k Island B. B. Uexey county, Jnd. Situate E. middle, and contains 413 sq. m. Drained by Blue r. and Falls cr. Surface level or undulating, and, with the exception of a small extent vS prairie in the I^'., the land was originally well timbered Wheat and corn are the chief staples, and a largo amount of stock is raised. Fanns 1,6GC ; manuf. 124 ; dwell. 8.0&4 ; and pop.— wh. 17,090, fr. col. 225— total 17,005. Capital: Newcastle, Pnllla Wai-}cs : Indiana Central B. E. ; Rich*- mond and Newcastle B. B. Hfnry county, Li. Situate S. E., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by Chicaguaor Skunk r., anaflluent of Mississippi r., and its branches. Surface elevated, with good mill seats and a fev/ prairies; soil highly productive of all the graing and grasses. Farms 047; manuf. 20; dwell. J, 5-15, and pop.— wh. e,C95, fr. eoL 19— total 9,707, Capital : Mouni Pleasant. Heney connty, iTy. Situate N. In E, part, and contains 263 sq. m. Drained by Little Kentucky r., an aflluent of Ohio r., in tho AV., and E. by branches of Kentucky r., Ita E. boundary. Surface diversified ; eoila very forlile, > To HEN HER bacco is the staple, but corn .inl grain growing. Farms 3*0 ; nmnuf. 11 ; dwell 561, and pop.— wh. 3,377, it, COL 8, sL 678— total 4,002. CkipUal: Clinton. IIkssy county, Ohio, Sitnate N. 'W., and conlalns 516 sq. tu.. Mauniee r. crosses it from "W. to K., and lis branches drain it. Surface level or undolaling, and soil fertile Farms 807 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 610, and pop.*-wh. 3,435, fr. col. 0— ti)t,'d S,4.'>5. C'a^/Y, p. v., Baltimore ca, Md^ ; ^ m, N. by W. Annapolis. llr.RF.FORD, t and p. o., Berks en., Petitu: 72m. E, by N. !Iarri?burg. Drained by the branches of Perkiomen er. S;;r!V.cediver?iflcd. Shonb's Mountain being on tlio N. E. boundary ; soil generally fertile. There are several manu^ faeturos and numerous mills in tlie town, and 1,417 inhal* itants. IIeeeford'b, p. o.. Mason co., Yirg. : on the E. eide of Ohio r., 2C3 m. "SV. N. AV. Kichmond. IIep.kimeb (?ouuty, ^\ 1'. Situate E. centrally, and coi> tains 1,370 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Oawegatchie r., an affluent of St. Lawrence r., Beaver r., M.-osu r, Inde- pendence and Otter creeks, branches of Black r., which flows into Lake Ontario, and S. by East and "West Canada creeks, affluents of Mohawk r., which passes through it. Sur^ face much broken. The Adu*ondack Mountains occupy the E., crossing the Mohawk at Little Falls, and the Chateaugay and Otsqunga ranges cover much of tlie co. with high hills. Soil on the Mohawk very rich ; in the N. are extensive forests and the best of grazing, the co. being noted for its fine cattle and large dairies. It is well timbered, and tlic N. abounds in pine and hemlock. It also has great faeihtics for manufactures in "W. Canada cr., which falls 23 feet per mile, and the Little Falls of the Mohawk, which descends 42 feet in three-quarters of a mile. The last arc celebrated for their beauty, the river bed lying 300 to 400 feet below the banks It has cut through. Minerals of almost every kind are found, iron ore, lead, limestone, and g}-iisum, being the most useful, and others, noted the world over for thu perfection and beauty of their crystals. Its staples are agricultural, butter, cheese, wool, and cattle. Farms 2.723 ; manuf. 277 ; dwell. C.G64, and pop.— wh. 8S,0G2, fr. cob 1S2 —total 3S.244. (Ujtita!.: IlL-rkimer. PiUjiio Works: Eric Canal ; Utica and Schenectady I!. Pv. ; Mohawk Vality 11. L. ; Saratoga and tiackett's Harbor 11. 11. UnRKiMzii, t., p. v., and cap. Herkimer co., K 1'.: 66 n\ W, N. W. Albany. Drained by West Canada and other creeks of Mohawk r., which last runs along the H. burdet Surface levul in the 8., being occupied by extensive alluvial fl.atd— in the N. it is somewhat hilly; soil generally ftr[ilt\ The V. on the N. bank of the Mohaw-k contains the courN house, jail, etc., and has about 1,200 inhabitants. The " 11 Democrat" is issued weekly. In tho t there are flouruag and other mills, tanneries, stores, etc Pop. 2,602. llnn-MAN, L and p. o., Dodge co., Wise : 53 m. E. N, K Madison. Drained by affluents of Pvock r. It is a fine agricultural section, and is connected with Milwaukie by a plauk-road. llERiLvxN, p. o., Bipley county, 7rt.c7. .• 63 m. S. li. Indianapolis, A small German settlement. IIehiiann, p. v., and cap. Gasconade co., Jfy.: on the Ss bank uf Missouri r., 42 m. E. byN. Jefferson City. It con- tains the county buildings and several stores, and is chiefly inhabited by Germans. It is a place which, in the progress of events, must beei>me of commercial importance. The '* n. Woehenblatl'' (dem.) is published weekly, and tho " Licht Freund" (rationalist), monthly. Population 043. In this vicinity, the cultivation of the vine is a prominent business : at least 2O0 acres of land are now devoted to this department of industry, and the quantity of wine manufac*- tured has averaged, for the last few yeais, 1S,000 to 20,000 gallons. IIeemttagb, p. a. Point Coupee par., Zai. : 42 m. N. "W Baton Eouge. IIkt-siitage. p-. T., Floyd co., Ga, : near the Ooslanaula r 142 ra. N. W. MUledgevUie. IlEEMirACE, p. o., Decator csx, Tenn.: 61 m. W. S. W NashviUc. JIermttage, p. v., Coles county, IlL: 62 m. E. by 3 Springflekl. Hermitage, V. and sta., Suffolk co., 2T, IT; on the line of the Long Island P« P^, 69 ni. from Brooklyn and 6 m (Tom Greenportm Uecjdtage, p. 0., "Wyoming county, N. Y. ; 219 m. W-. Albany, Ueeiutage, p. 0., Mercer co., Pentu : 207 m. W. N. W Harrisburii asr HER HIG ITekmitage, pi. T,, Aagusta co., Virff. : 107 m. TV. N". "W Eirlimoml. IlEnMiTAGK, p. T., Ilickory co., Mb.: on the E. eide of Foinnio Ue Tcrrc r., 78 m, 8. W. Jefferson City. IIermon, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 55 m, N. E. Augusta. Drained on the N. W. by a branch of Kendus- keag r., and in Ihe 8. by Sowadab^eook r., which passes Mirough several large ponds. Surfaco elevated and rolling; Boil moderately produclive. Pop. 1,374. Hkrmon, I. and p. o., St, Lawrence co., X. Y.: 136 m. K. K. W. AllKiny. Drained by small aftluenis of Crass and Ofiwegatehie rivers. Surface rolling ; soil clay-loam, adapt- to grazing. Timber very abundant, and iron, etc., exists in large quantities. Pop. 1,602. The "Walertown and Pul*- dain K. li, wdl run on the W. border of Ilerraon. IIernanko, p. v., and cap. De Solo co., Jfus.: on the N. of Coldwater r., and about 20 m. E. of Mississippi r., 163 m. N. Jackson. It contains a court-house, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants; and a newspaper, the " People's Press" (dcni.), is issued weekly. A railroad has been pro- jected Jience to Commerce, on the Mississippi river. IIebod, p. 0., Bartholomew co., Iiui.: 40 ra. 8. 8. E. Indi.inapolis. IIeeki* K, t. and p. o., Bradford county, Penn.: 112 m. N. N. E. Uarrisburg. IIeep.ing, p. 0., Aflen co., Ohio: S6 m. N. "W. Columbus. llEuiaoTTbYiLLE, p. V., Alleghany co., PenfL : 178 m. AV. Uarrisburg. Heheodtown, p. v., Randolph co., Ga.: 134 m. 8. W. Milledgeville. IlEETfoRD county, K. Car, Situate N. E., and contains S39 sq. ro. Drained by Meherrin r., and other atfluonls orb. Farms 2,8'23 ; manuf. 151 ; dwell. 4,477, and pop.— wh. 24.952. tr. coL 829— total 25,731. Capital: Hillsboro'. Piii>lic Work*; Cincinnati, IlUIsboro', and Parkcrsburg R. R. HiGULAND county, Virg. Situate cculrally, and contains 4.36 sq. lu. Dramed by heads of 8. fork of P, si. S64~lolal 4,-22T. CapU rtsburg. Highway, p. o., GrcenvUlo dist., S. Car. : 107 m. N. W. Golumbia. niLHAM, p. o., OTerton co., Tenn. : 73 m. E. by K". Nash- tUle. Hn-L, t. and p. v., Grafton co., K. /Tamp. : 28 m. N. N.W. "Concord. Drained by Smith's r., which on the E. border empties into the PemigewasseL Surface uneven and hilly — Ragged Mountain lying on its S. boundary; soil gencniUy fertile. The v. is located in the 8. E., and is built on one Btreel, and by a bridge connected with Sanbomton. The Bristol Branch R. R. passes through Hill, Pop. 951. HiLLABEE, p. T., Talladega co., Ala. : C7 m- N. by E. Montgomery, HiLLEOAB, p. 0., Montgomery county, Pcnn. ; 81 in. E. Hanisburg. HrLLERMAHf, p. o., Massac co., IlL : on tho N. bank of tho Ohio r., 16S m. S. S. E. Springfield. Hill Grove, p. o., Darke co., 0/iio: 87 01-^7. Columbus. Hill Geote, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Mrg. : 122 m-W. B-W. EJchmond. UiLLHorBE, p. o., Lake co., Ohio : 147 m. N. E. Columbus. Hilliam'b Stork, p. o., Marsliall co., Al44 sq. m. Drained W. by Contoocook r., N. by Pis- cataquog r.. S. by Souhegan r, and Nashua r., all tributa- ries of the Merriniae, which flows S. through the E. i)art of the I'o. Surface uneven and broken. Much of the soil is fertilf, and most finely adapted to grazing and grain-grow- ing, lid streams afford great water-power, especially the Merrimae, on wliich are many large cotton and woolen factories, and thriving manufacturing cities and villages. Among these, Manchester and Nashua stand first, and have advantages hardly surpassed in New Eugland. Farms 8.6T5; manuf. 309; dwell. 9,939, and pop.— wh. 57,359, fi*. col. lis — total 67,477. Capital: Amherst. PuhlicWorks: Nashua and Lowell R. R. ; Concord R. E. ; Nashua and Worcester R. R. ; Peterboro' and Shirley R. R. ; Wilton R. R. ; Contoocook Valley R. R. ; New Hampshire Conlral R. K., eto. HiLLSBOKorGH, p. v., LawTcnce co., Ala. : on the Mem- phis and Charleston R. R., 172 m. N, N.W. Montgomery. HiLLScoRouGu, p. V., UnioH county, Ark. : lis m. B. LitUe Kock. HiLisBOKOUGH, p. V., Oneida county, iV, Y. : % m. N. W. Albany. HrLifiBOROiTGn, p. v., Jasper county, Ga. : 26 m.W. N.W. Milledgeville. HiLLsitoEOTTon, p. V., Fountain county, Ind. : on the E. fork of Coal cr., 56 m. W.N. W. Indianapolis. It contains about 2(0 dwellings, UiLLSBORoncn, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co.. lU. : on the E. of the Middle Fork of Shoal er., 47 m. S. S. E. Spring- field. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores and mechanic shops, and about 6\^)0 inhabitants. The Terro Haute and Alton R. R. will pass through the village. HiLi^BOEOuGH, p. V,, Hemj county, la. ; 49 m. 3. lowaCily. IIiLLSBOEoron, p. v., Fleming county, JS^j/.: 74 m. E. FrankforL HiLisBOROuon, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Mi-^a.: on a small branch of Pearl r., 41 m. E. by N. Jackson, It con- Liins a court-house and several stores and mechanic shops, and about 630 inhabitanla. The North Carolina E. JL passes through iL lliLL6BORoirGH, p. V., CaTolinc CO., Md,: on the E. sldo of TuL-kahoe cr., 65 m. E. Annapolis. IIin^BOEoroH, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co.. Mo. : on the high laud between Big r. and the Missbsippi, 92 m. E. 3. E. JelTerson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several stores. IIiLLSBOEouoH, p. T., flud cap. Oraugc county, J^. Car.: on Eno r. of the Neuse, 42 m. N. W. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., has several stores and mechanic shops, and publishes two newspapers, the " Recorder" (whig), and the "Democrat" (dem.), both weekly issues. Pop. about 600. lliLLSBOEOUGH, t and p. v., Hillsborongh co., X. Hamp. 21 m.W. S.W.Concord. Drained by Contoocook and Hills- borough rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven and hilly ; soil of moderate fertility. Tho v. has considerable manufactures', and in the t. are numerous industrial estab- lishmenis, as mills, factories, mechanic shops, etc Popur lalion 1,6S6. HiLLSBORorcn, p. v., and cap. Highland Co., Ohio: 61 m. S. S. W. Columbus. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, etc., several mechanic shops and stores, and inlSSOhad 1,392 in- habitants. Two newspapers are published here, the " H. Gazetto" (dem.), and the "Highland News" (whig), both weekly issues. Hillsborough is a principal station on the Cincinnati, Hillsborough, and Parkcrsburg R. R., and aa such must become the dep6t for a wide and fertile country. It is 00 m. by railroad route from Cincinnati. HiLLaBOEoroH, p. v., Washington co., Penn, : on tho National Road. 173 ni. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. The site is 1,002 feet above the Ohio r. at Wheeling. HIL niN IIiLLPBOEoron, p. v., Coffee county, Te7ni. : 67 m. 6. E. Nashville. II rLLS BOROUGH, p. V., and cap. "Washington co., Oreg. : on a branch of Tualatin r., 42 m. N. Salem, aad 14 m. W. Portland. IliLLSBOEouGH, p. V., Loudon CO., Mrg. : 123 m. N. by "W. Eicbniund. It contains several mills and etorcs, and about goo inhabitants- EiLLSBOBOUGn Bbidoe, p. o., Hillsborough co., KJlamp. : on the N. side of Conloocook r., wliich is here crossed by a bridge, 20 m.W. S.W. Concord. The Conloocook Valley li. K. baa its preat-nl terminus at this point. HiLLSBORouGU CENTRE, p. o., Hillsborough county, Ji^ Bamp, : 23 m.W. S. W. Concord. Hill's Corneks, p. o., Penobscot co., Ma, Hillsdale county, MU'h. Situate S., and contains COS eq. m. Drained S. by heads of St, Joseph's r., flowing into Maumee r., and N. by heads of St, Joseph's r., emptying lut-j Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, with occasional marshes, and some of the highest land in the peninsula ; soil a black, sandy loam, and very productive of grain, but leas adapted to grazing. In the N. are "oak openings," but the rest of the co. was originally timbered heavily. Fine building sandstone is plenty in parts, and iron ore is found. Its streams have many fine mill-seats. Farms 1,411 ; manuf. 45 ; dwell. 2,905, and pop.— wh. 10,153, fr. col. 6— total 16.159. Capital: Hillsdale. Fu/jlic Works: Micliigan Southt-ni E.R, HiiLSDALE, t. p. T^ and cap. Hillsdale co., MicJu : on the outlet of St. Joseph or Bourbeso Lake, 55 m. S. Lansing, and on the line of the Michigan Southern K. It., and about 70 miles from Monroe and Toleda It is eligibly situiito as a maimfacturing place, having a large water-power, and as a centre of trade has many advantages. The v. contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 60p iuhabit;mts. Two news- papers are published here, the " U. Gazette" (dem.), and " H. Standard" (whig), both weekly issuea. Pop. of L 1,067. Hillsdale, p. v., Guilford co., ^. dr. .* 84 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. Hillsdale, t. and p. v., Columbia co., .Al K ; 32 m. S. 8. E. Albany. Drained byAncram and Copake creeks. Surface hilly and mountainous, conUiining Taghkannac Mountain ; Boll gravelly loam and clay. The village, sometimes called the " Turnpike," contains 2 churches and several stores, and 65 to 30 dwellings. The Housatonic Station, on the Harlem E. li., is IS m. from Chatham Four Corners. Pop. 2,123. Hill's Grove, p. o., M'Donough co.y IlL: TOulW.N.W. Springfield. Hill's Grove, p. o., Sullivan Co., Penn. .* 65 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Hill's Mills, p, c, Cook county, III.: 167 m. N. E. Springfield. Hill's Store, p. o., Pumdolph co., M Oir.: 78 m. W. Ealeigh. Hill's Valley, p. o., "Williamson co., Tenn^ Hill's Virw, p. o., "Westmoreland co., /V;in, .• 12S m."W. Ilarrisburg. Hillsville, p. T., and cap. Carroll co., Yirg. : on a cr. of Kcw river, 203 m.W. S. "W. Richmond. It contains the co. offices, and about 200 inhabitants. Hillsville, p. v., Lawrence co., Pcnru: 197 m-W, N-W. Ilarrisburg, Hill Tup, p. v., "Wayno county, Penn.: 147 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. HiLLTOixTC, t and p. v., Bucks county, Penn, : 80 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Niehaminy river. Pop. 2,103. Hilocuee, p. 0., "Washington co., Arh.: 143 m. N. "W, IJtUe Kock. Hn-TON, p. T., Monroe county, Ky,: 114 m. 6. B. W. Frankfurt UiLTijN'a, p. o., Sullivan county, T&nn. : on Iho Ilolston, 243 m. E. Nashvilla Hinckley, U and p. o., Medina county, Ohio: lOS m. 3Sr. E. by N. 0<">lumbu3. Drained by Eoek r.. which affords numerous mill-sites. Surface elevated and broken ; soil fertile, adapted alike to grain and grass. Iron ores, coal, and red sandstone abound. Pop. 1.416. Hinds county. Miss. Situate W. centrally, and contains 851 eq. m. Drained by nfflueul^ of Pearl r., its E. boundary, and of Big Black r., its N. W. boundary, and S. by Tallaha cr., which flows into the Mississippi. Surface level or roll- ing; 60il ^ery fertile, and admirably fitted for cotton grow- ing. C'Ott<)n is the great st«ple, com yields well, and some rice is made. Jackson, Uie capital of the State, is in its E. part, on the Pearl r. Farms S52 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,C56, and pop.— wh. S,690, fr. col. 25, si. a6,62o— total 25,340. Capiti.ll : Jackson. Public Works : Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon 11. R. ; Raymond Branch li. E. ; New Or- leans. Jackson, and Northern R. K. HiXDS, p. o., Brazoria co., Tea.: on tho W. sido of Oyster cr., 162 m. S. E. Austin City. HiNDSBD-RCu, p. v., Orleans co., 2^. Y. : 216 m. W. N.'W. Albany. Ul^•E8BTJKG^, U and p. v., Chittenden co., Venn. : 24 m. "W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by Platte r. and Lewis cr. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, well adapted to grass. The v. is on Platte r., and is buitt on one street. Some manufac- tures are carried on in the L, and there are facilities for their increase. Pop. 1,S37. Hus-Es' AUli£, p, c, Ohio county, Ky. : 131 m. "W. S. W. Fraukfurt. HiNESTon, p. o., Rapides parish, la.: 116 m. N. W Baton Rouge, Hiis'KsTiLLn, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., Ga. : on the pine land S. of Taylor's cr., 130 m. S. E. Milled geville. It con- tains about half a dozen dwellings, HiXGUAii, L and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 13 m. S. E. Boston, Situate on the S. side of Boston Bay. Surface broken; soil in parts fertile, but not generally so. The v. is located at the head of an arm of the bay, and on the line of the South Shore R. R. It is a place of considerable trade, and is much employe*! in coasting and the fisheries. lu the L there are several manufactures. Pop. 3,9S2. HxNKLESBUBGn, p. V., Oldham co., Ky. : 38 ul W. N. "W. Frankfort. IIinkleton, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: on tho N. eido of C-onestoga cr., 41 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. HiNMAKsviLLE, p. V., Oswego CO., JS\ Y. : 132 m. N. W. Albany. Hlnsdale, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 108 m. W. Boston. Drained by several creeks, afllueuta of Housa- tonic river. Surface elevated ; soil generally good, and well adapted to grass. The v. is a small central settlemenL In the L there are several manufactories. Pop. 1,253. The Western R. R. passes through the t, and has a station a little W. of the vUlage. Hi>bDALE, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., K Ram^. : 59 m. S. W. by W. Concord. Situate in the extreme S. W. comer of the State. Drained by Asbuelot r. and its branches, and small streams falling into Connecticut r., which is its W. boundary. A range of hills, from SOO to 900 feet high, crosses the L E. and "W. Surfiice, with this exception, moderately uneven ; soil fertile and well cultivated. The Asbuelot li, Pv. passes through iU Pop. 1,903. Hlnsdale, L and p. v., Cattaraugus co., N, K : 2S4 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Ischua and Clean creeks, and contains a small lake called the Reservoir. Surface hilly and somewhat broken ; soil well adapted to grass. Tho V. is situate on the Genesee Valley Canal and on tho New York and Erie R. R., and contains several mills, me- chanic shops, stores, etc., and about SOO Inhabitants. It is eligil>ly situate for a considerable trading town, and has unvisual facilities for expansion. Pop. of t. 1,302. Hinton's Geove, p. o., Pickens co., AU^: 126 m. N. W. Montgomery, 291 Hlft HOL lIiEAM. t and p. 0., Oxford co., Me. : 65 m. S. W. Augiiata. Drained by Saco r., which runs through it and affords im- mense water-power. Surface diversified; soil of average fertility. Pop. 1.210. IIiRAM, t and p. v.. Portage co., 0?no: 133 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and its affluent^, and also by some head branches of Maboniug river. Surlace elevated ; soil rich and fertile. The v. is central, and on a branch of Mahoning river. Pop. of L 1,106. UiiJAiiuuEGn, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: G6 m. K. S. E. Columbus. llrrcucocKVTLLE, p. 7., Litchfield co., Comi. : on the W. branch of Farmington r., 21 ro. N. W. Hartford. It con-' tains several shops and stores, and about 250 inhabitants. lIiTEsviLLB, p. v., Coles county, III. : 88 m. E. S. E. Springfield. IlrwABBEE river, Oa. and Teyin.: rises in Union county, Georgia, and flowing int<.> Tennessee enters the Tennessee r, 12 ni. S. W. Washington. llis'9 Ferrv, p. o., Uandolph co., At'i:. : at the crossing of Current r., 146 m. N. N. E. Little Itock. IIizEBViLLE, p. v., Oneida county, 2i. Y. : 97 m. N. W. Albany. HoAULEY, p. o., Raciae county, Wise. : 76 m. E. by S. Mad won. HoAu's Corner, p. o., Eensselaer county, 2^' Y. : 12 m. E. by S. Albany. lIoBAKT, p. v., Delaware co., A^. 1'. .■ on 'the head waters of Delaware r., 51 m. "W. 8. W. Albany. It contains several mills, stores, etc., and about 300 inhabitjints. IloBAET, p. v., Lake co., Ind. : on Deep r. of the Calumet, 12S m. N. W. Indianapolis. lIoBBiEviLLE, p. v., Grccue county, /n(f. ; 77 m. S. W. Indianapolis. IIoBBiETiLLE,p. v., Alleghany CO., iV; K ; 21-4 m. W. by S. Albany. noBRYviLLE, p. V., Spartauburgh dist, S. Ccpr. : 97 m. N. AV. Columbia. HoBOKEN, p. v., Hudson co., Jf. Jer. : on the W. bank of the Hudson r., 62 m. N. E. Trenton. It lies immediately opposite New York City, with which it is connected by three ferries. Within the past few years it has become a large v., chiefly inhabited by persons doing business in Uie neigh- boring metropolis. The Elysiau Fields lie immediately N. of the v., and are a famous holiday resort in the summer and fall seasons. HocKANUM, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. HocKANuM, v., Hampshire co., 3fiiss. : on the E. side of Connecticut r., and at the base of Mount Uolyoke, 83 m. W. Boston. There is at this point a horse ferry across the r. The V. contains a tjivcrn, and about a dozen dwellings. HocKnocKiNG river, Ohio: rises in Fairfield co., and aflcr a course of about 80 m. through a hilly country, enters the Ohio at Hocking Port in the t of Troy. Its name in the Delaware language means a bottle. It is navigable for small craft to Athens; 7 m. N. W. of Lancaster it falls over a ledffe of rock 4U feet perpendicular, and above the falls resembles " a bottle" in shape, whence its name. The coun- try through which it passes is wild and picturesque, and along its banks numerous ancient mounds and fortifications are found. The lower valley abounds in yellow pine. The Hockin;^ Canal follows the valley of this river. HocKiNQ county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and contains 861 sq. m. Drained by Salt cr. and Hocking r. and its branches. Surface considerably broken, with a few high hills; soil fertile, producing large crops of grain and some lubacco, and furnishing excellent grazing. Grain and pork are the chief exports. Farms 1,1S0; manuf. 15; dwell. 2,367. and pop.— wh. 14,003, fr. col. IIT— total U,119. Copital: Logan. Public Wor/cs : Hocking Canal. Hooking Port, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: at the entrance of Big Hockhocking r. into the Ohio, 83 m. south-east Columbus. HoDODON, t. and p. c, Aroostook co.. Me. : 153 m. N. E. Augusta. Situate on the E. line of the State, and drained by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties in the St. John at Woodstock, N. B. Surface diversified ; soil ex- cellent for wheat and grass. Pop. S02. HoDGDON's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : 2S m. S. E. Augusta, HoDGENsviLLE, p. V., La Eue county, Kjj. : 64 m. S. W. FrankforL Hodgb'8 Bend, p. o.. Fort Bend co., 7kr. ; 146 m. E. S. E. Austin City. HoFF.MAN*3 Fkbby, p. o., Schcnectady co., A'. Y. : IS m. N. W. Albany. Hoffman's Gate, p. o., Columbia county, ^V. J'; 29 m. S. 9. E.Albany., HoGANSBUEGn, p. v., Franklin co., iV. Y. : on SL Eegis r., 2 m. from its entrance into the St. Lawrence, and 153 m. N. N. W. Albany. It has several large mills and stores, and about 300 inhabiljinls. Steamboats pass up the r. from the St, Lawrence to this point, HoGANsviLLE, p. V., Du Buquc CO., la.: 60 m. N.N. E. Iowa City. HoGA_NsviLLE, p. V., Troup CO., Ga.: on Yellow Jacket cr. of Chattahoochee r., 100 ra. W. byN. Milledgevme. The Lagrange K. E. passes through it 59 m. from Atlanta. HoG CRF.EK, p. o., Allen county, Ohio: 81 m. N. W. Columbus. HoGESTOwN, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 9 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Hogle's Cbrek, p. c, St. Clair co.. Mo. : on a cr. of Osage r. so called, S2 m. W. S. W. Jeffersou City. Hog Mountaln, p. o.. Hall co.. Ga.: ou the S. W. part of the CO., ^9 m. N. N. W. ^filkdgeviUe. HoHENLiNDEN, p. V., Chlckasaw county, J/isa. ; 12S m- N. N. E. Jackson. HoLCOMB, p. v., Burke co.,Ga. ;on the N. side of Ogecchcc r., 64 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It is a station of the Con- tral E. E., 100 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. UoLBEN, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Ma.3S. : 43 m. W. Boston. Drained by Blackstone and Nashua rivers, which have immense water-power. Surface somewhat uneven : soil, except on tlie rivers, indifferent. The manufactures of the town are considerable. Pop. 1,933. HoLDEBMAN's Gbove, p. o., KctidaU CO., Jll.: 126 m. N. N. E. Springfield. UoLDEBNESS, t. and p. v., Grafton co., jV. Uamp. : 37 ra. N. Concord. Drained by tributaries of Merrimae r., which lies on its W. side ; and Squam Lake lies on its E. bi>rdcr, and aff'^rds by its outlets, which flow into Pemigewasset, excellent water-power. It has several mills and factories, and 1,744 inhabitants. The Boston»Coneord,and Montreal R. K. passes through the S. W. corner, 45 m. by route fVom Concord. HoLUERNESS Centre, v., Grafton co., S. Ilamp. : 86 m. N. Concord. Holland, I. and p. o,, Hampden county, J/iwfl. .• 63 m. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by head branches of Quinne- baug r. It is a small town, with some manuCacturea. Pop. of if 4+9. Holland, t. and v., Ottawa co., Mic7i. : at the confluence of Black r. with the estuar>' so called, 76 m. W. Lansing. U has good harborage, and the v. is a thriving place of some 400 inhabitants. The " Hollander," a weekly newspaper, is published. Pop. of t. ],S29. Holland, t. and p. v., Erie co., N. y: .* 237 m. W. Albany. Drained by Seneca and Cazenova creeks. Sur- face high and rolling; soil moist clay and sandy loam. The village consists of about 35 dwellings. Pop. of t 1,316. Ht>LLAN», p. 0., Venango county, Pemi.: 197 m. N. W. Harrisburg. HuLLAND, t and p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 59 m. N. N. K Monlpelicr. Situate on tho Canada border. Drained by streams flowing N. into Lake Maasawippi, S. into Seymour HOL BOL Lake, and W. into Lake Memphreraagog, the waters of all which arc ultimately discharged through 6t. Francis r. into ihe St. Lawrence. Surface elevated, and has several ponds, the sources of (he streams indicated ; soil fertile. Pop. 6(JL>. UuLLAND JfATEST, p. V., Oiieida county, J^. Y.: SI m. \V. N. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, aa endowed nc^idemy. and about mM^inhabit^inls. Holland's, p. o., Laurens diHtrict, *i Otr. ; 63 m. N. "W. Columbia, HoLLEY, p. T., Orleans co., X. Y,: on Pandj cr., 216 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Erie Canal and the liocheater, Lockport, and Nijigara Falls E. U. here cross the creek. It is an active trading place of between 350 uiid 400 in- habi(;tnt& lIoLLiDAYSBL'KGn, p. b., and cap. Blair co., Penn. : on Beaver i»:im er., S3 m. W. N. W. direct, or by railroad 137 m. from Ilarrisburg. It is a place of considerable trade, and hoA some manufactures. The Alleghany Portage It. 11. commences here and passes over the Alleghanies, uniting the two sections of the Pennsylvania Canal, and also the eastern and weslern divisions of the Penasylvauia P. R. llollidaysburgh baa four newspapers, the '• Democratic &tandar. o.. Walker co., Ala.: 139 m. N. W. MontgoniiTT. Holly Gilove, p. c, Bl^warl co., Go.; 126 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Hollt Hill, p. o., Charleston disL, S. Car. HoLLV Point, p. o.. Drew county. Ark.: 97 m. S. S. E, Little Uix-k. Hollt KnTniiaT, p. o., Wilkinson oo., Miss.: lOS m. tj. W. Jaeksou. Holly Spklnq, p. v., Wuke co., 21. Car. : IG m. N. X. W. : Eaieigh. ' Holly Smmo, p. o., Dallas co., Ark,: 64 m. B. by W. Little liock. Holly Spklngs, p. t., and cap. Marshall co., Miss. : on an elevatetl site or watershed dividing the streams, 1G3 m. N. by E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants, its success is pn^spective, but there is every reason to beliore that it will shortly be- come a great railroad and business centre, as it lies on the routes of several projected lines of important roads. Two newspapers, the " H. S. Gazette" (whig), and the "Jack- Boniau" t^dem.), are Issued weekly. Pop, about 600. HoLiiDKL, 1). v., Moimioulh co., .V. Jer.: 3^i m. E. by N. Trenti.)n. It is a smiill t. on an nfBuent of Navcsink r., and contains about 20 dwellings. Holmes tHJunty, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 738 sq. m. Choclawatehie r. runs S. through it, and it is drain- ed by its branches. Surface mostly even, with some con- siderable elevations; soil on the streams fertile, and much covere corner of the State, 196 m. S. W. Jefl'erson City. Honey Creek, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise : on Honey oft of Fox river, 63 m. E. S. E. Madison. IIoxEY Cut, p. o., Baldwin co., Ala. : 136 m. S. S. Wi Montgomery. Honey Grote, p. o., Fannin co., Tm. : on Honey Grore cr. of Bois d'Arc r., 234 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Honey Point, p. o., Macoupin co.. III. : 47 m. S. by W» Springfield. Honey Town, p. t.. Dale county, -4^.; 97 m. S. S. H Montgomery. HoNEYviLLE, p. v., Page CO., Jlrff. : on Shenandoab r., 96 m. N. W. Eichmond. Hood's Mili.s, p. v., Carroll co., Ijid. : on the W. branch of Patapsco r., and on the line of the Baltimore and Ohid K. E., 30 m. W. Baltimore, and 3G m. N. W. Annapolis. HoODSviLLE, p. v., Marion county, Virg. : 203 m. N. W. Eicnmond. Hooker, p. c, Hunt county, Tex.: 256 m. N. N. Et Austin City. Hookerstown, p. v., Greene co., ^. Car. : on the W. sida of Conteutnea cr. of JJeuse r., 63 ra. E. S. E. Ealeigh. HoOKEsTowN, p. T., Beaver co., Penii.: on a branch of Mill cr., 212 m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 250. HooKSET, t and p. v., Merrimac co.. A'. Hamp. .- 11 m. S. by E. Concord. Drained by Merrimac r., which runs through it, and has within the t. a descent of 16 feet in 19 rods, around which is a canal a quarter of a mile long. The T. is situate on the W. side of the r., and on the line of the Coucord E. E., 9 m. S. Concord. In thet. there are several large cotton and other manufactures, and there is plenty of power for their expansion. Pop. 1,508. UooKSTOwN, p. T., Baltimore county. Mil. : 31 N. by Wi Annap<>lis. HoosifK, p. T., Greene eonnty, Wise: S3 m. S. by W Madison. Hoosick, t and p. o., Eensselaer co., y. Y. : 24 m. N. E. Albany. Drained by Iloosick r. and its tributaries. Surface hilly; soil clay, sand, and loam, with some gravel, well adapted to grazing. The t. has several extensive mills and factories. In Hoosick the various railroads from Albany and Troy to Eutland, etc., north, and to Boston, etc.. east, form junctions. The Troy and Boston R. E. passes through an immense tunnel, driven through the Hoosick Mountains, in the south part of the town. Pop. 3,724. Hoosick Fali^, p. v., Eensselaer co., K Y. : on both sides of Hoosick r., 26 m. N. E. Albany. The r. here has 3 fall of 40 feet, affording immense water-power. The manu- HOO HOP factures carried on are considerable, and tho v. contains at least 61-IO inhabitants. UoosiCK mountain, Jfasft. : lies in Berkshire co., and is the source of a branch of Hooeick r. Its elevation is from l,5i>0 to 2,000 feet from its base. The Troy and Boston K. K. will piui^ through a. tunnel in this mouulain. IlnijKicK (or Iloosack) river: rises from two heads, one having its sources in Berkshire co., Mass., and the other in the mountain tracts of Bennington co., Verm. ; theso unite near H'losick Falls in New York, and the single stream meets the Hudson at SchaghticuUe, 15 m. N. Troy. This stream in many places is exceedingly rapid, and affords im- mense water-power. HoosiEB Gkove, p. o., Linn co., la. : 14 m. N. Iowa Oity. HoosiEE Geove, p. v., Greene co., Wise, : 43 m. S. by W. Madisiin. HooTENsviLLE, p. V., Upson CO., GcL : on the E. eide of Flint r., 60 m. W. by S. MilieUgeville. IIoovEF. UiLL, p. o., Randolph co., Al Ccir,: 72 m. W. EalL-igh. IIoovBB'fl Point, p. 0.. Macoupin co.. III. HoPALKA, p. v., Leake co., 3Ii^s. : 53 ra. N. E. Jackson. Hope. p. 0., Stewart county, Tenn. : 65 m. W. N. W. Nashville. Hope, p. v., Pickens county, Ala. : on Lubbub cr. of Tombigbee r., 13S m. N. W. Montgomery. Hope, p. v., Bartholomew co., Jnd. : on the S. side of Haw cr.. 37 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It was originally set- tled by the Moravians, and now c^^ntaius about 30U inhab- itants. IIoPB, t and p. v., Waldo county. Me.: SI m. E. S. E. Augusta. Drained by St. Ge^^rge's r. and its tributaries, and there are several small ponds in the town. Surface flat and soil sandy, but not unfertile. The village is in the E. part. Fop, of t. I,lu7. Hope, L and p. v., "Warren co., JV^ Jer. : 51 m. N. N. W. Trenton. Drained by Beaver and other creeks, affluents of Delaware r. The v. is on a branch of Beaver, and con- tains about 300 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1,756. Hope, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., Al }' ; 52 m. N. "W. Albany. Draiut-d by Sacandaga r. and its tributaries, Stony creek, etc. Surface varied ; soil, except on the rivers, not very fertile. Hope village lies on the El side of t^aeandaga river, below the confluence of Stony cr. Pop. of t. 789. Hope, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: 17 m. N. E. Columbus. Hope Centhe. p. v., Hamilton co., 2i. Y. : on Iho E. side of Sacandaga r., 55 m. N. W. Albany. HopenAXR, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio : 103 m. E. by N. Columbus. HopEDALE CoMMFNm' Settlement, Worcester co., J/(i.M. ; contains a population of ISi) souls. The associatiun owns 600 acres of land, and carries on a dozt;n different branches of industry. It is represented to be in a flourishing and harmonious condition. Hope Falls, p. o., Hamilton county, y. T. : bS ra. N. E. Albany. Hope Farm, p. o., Louisa county, la.: 36 ni. 8. S. E. Iowa City. Hope Hill, p. o., Pike co., Mi'fiS.: 7S m, 6. Jackson. Hii'PE Hill, p. o., Gibson county, lejnu: 122 m.W. by S. Nash V ilk-. Hope Mill, p. o., Maury county, Teim. : 42 m. S. by W. Nashville. Hope Mills, p. o.. Page co., Virg.: on Shenandoah r., 100 in. N. W. Bichniond. Hope Station, p. o., Lexington dist, S. Car. : on the line of Uie Grofuville and Columbia E. K.,29 m. from Columbia. Hopewell, p. t., Mahaska county, lu. : G4 ni. W. 8. W. Iowa City. HoPEWELt, p. v., Greene county, Ala.: 95 m. W. N. W. Montg')mery. Hopewell, p. v., Crawford co., Ga. ; 49 m. W. S. W. Milled go viUe. IloPBWELL, p. o., Chickasaw co., Mi^s. : lOS m. N. N. li Jackson. Hopewell, t. and p. o., Mercer co., K. Jer. : 16 m. N Trenton. Drained by tributaries uf Raritan river. Surface moderately uneven ; soil go<:)d for ^vheat and grass. The L has several grist, saw, gud oil miUs. etc.. and 3,696 inhat*- itants. Hopewell, U and p. v., Ontario county, N. Y. : 173 m W. by N. Albany. Drained chiefly by tributaries of Caiiai> daigua. outlet. Surface rolling; soil, clay loam. The v. is a slJitiitu on the Canandaigua and Elmira 11. li.. S milaj E. by 3. of the former place. The L has some manufactures. Pop. 1,923. Hopewell, p. v., Mecklenburg county, N. Car. : 127 Ui^ W. S. W. Ualeigh. Hopewell, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 45 m. El Columlnis. Drained by Licking creek and its tributaries Surface diversifled ; sod sandy loam and alluvion. The village is on the National Koad, and contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,3SS. Hopewell, p. v., Macon co., III. : 42 m, E. Springfleld. Hopewell, t.and p. v., Bedford county, Penn. : S3 m.W. Harrisburg. Drained by llaystown branch of Juniata rivej and its Iributiiries. Surface mountainous; soil, chiefly caU careous loam. Bituminous coal is abundant Pop. 1,392. Hopewell, p. v., Jennings co., Itid. : on a cr. of Muscatv tuk r.. C6 m. 8. S. E. Indianapolis. Hopf.well, *p. v., York district, & Car.: 66 m. It Columbia. HOPEWELL, p. o., Upshur county, Tex. : 243 m. N. ^ Austin City. Hopewell CorroN-WoEE6, p. 0., Chester co., Penn. ; 67 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Hopewell Cp.oss Roads, p. o., Harford co., Jit. : on the main road between Baltimore and Philadelphia, where it is crossed by Ibc Havre de Grace road, 4 m. W. of Susqu^ hanna r., and 6 m. N.W. Havre de Grace. Large droves of cattle for the Eastern market pass this point. Hopkins county, K>j. Situate W., and contains 623 sq. m. Drained by Green r., its N. E. boundary. Deer ami Otter creeks, and Pond r., its branches, tho last forming \l& E. boundary, and S. by Clear cr., an affluent of the VhUt, Surface moderatoly uneven ; soil very good, and in para timbered. Tobacco is the staple, corn and wheat yield. well, and much pork is raised. Farms 1,354; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,T3S, and pop.— wh. 10,199, fr. col. 50, si. 2.192— total 13,441. Capital : 'M.iidisonviHe. Public Wbrk^:l>iii3hr ville and Henderson E. E. Hopkins county, TKp. Situate N. E., and contains 1,064 sq. m. Drained N. by theS. fctrkof Sulphur r. and While Oat Bayou, affluents of Red r., and S. by heads of Lake Fort of Sabine r. Surface slightly uneven, and in the N. prairie; soil mostly very fertile, generally covered with a dense growth of timber, and when cleared gives great returns of cotton and corn. Farms 221; manuf. 0; dwell. 4;35, and pop.— wh. 2,469, fr. coU 0; si. 154— total 2,623. Capital^ Tarrant. Hopkins' Grove, p. o., Polk co., la.: a little E. of Dep Moiyes r., 117 m. W. Iowa City. Hopkins' Turn Out, p. o., Richland dist., S. Car.: otx the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina E. R., 11 nt S. E. Columbia. -. HopKiNSYiLLE, p. T., flod Cap. Christian 00., Ky. : on Little r., 16S m. S. W. I'rankfurt. It contiiins a court-house, jail, etc., 7 or S churches, several academies, numerous stores and mechanic shops, and about l.SOO inhabitants; and it has two newspapers, the " People's Press" (dcm.), and tho "Green River Whig,'' both weekly issues. It lies on the proposed railroad line from Nashville to Henderson. HopKiNsviLLE. p. v., Warrcn co., Ohio: about a mile a of tho Little Miami R. R.. 76 m. 8. W. Columbus. It con» tains about 250 inhabitants. HopKiNTON, t and p. t., Middloaex co., Mass. : 27 m, 296 nop noT "W. S. ^V. !i(>nton. Prriiiicrt by bmiidies of CharlM und Mill nviTs, wliich bnve hoim' iiiill-f*ltfs. Siirriu'r nmuli ; soil ImlifTortMit. but w«'ll culliviili-d. Tin* J^wton iind Worcfslcr R. 11. runn on \tn N. bonlir. Jtojiklnlrm niinrral Hpriii^ Rro inuoh viMlcd in tlu' RiiinnuT, niul nre unid to bo reino- dlul. The V. is »ini«le cuntrully. Top. of 1, 2,Sii2. lloriiiNToN, t. un'. ; 140 m. CJ. N. "\V. AUmny. Draiiu'.d by Iho ItacUet and £5t. liepla rivers. Knrfucc in tlie S. billy and sterllf, and In Iho N. level end lerlilr. Tbo t. Ih abnul X) ni. lonj; iVom N. to S., and alKinl 8 ni. wido ; but Is si'iircely intiatiited in the S. i>ar(. The V. in the N. part of the I, eonliiins tibunt 200 inhabit- ai)t«. In the t there nro inimerous griitt and naw milltt, tnnnerlos, etc. Pop. 1,470. lloi'KiNToN, t. and p. v., Washington co., A'. /. ; 82 ni, p. \V. I'rovidenee. I)riiiiu'd by Wood r. and oilier aftlii- cnlH of I'burlea and raweatnek rivers, wbieh allord valu- fiblo water-power. Snrfaco low nnd level; soil fertile, iidApted to grain and grazing. The U has cotton, woolen, nnd iron nuinufaetvires. 'I'ho celebrated IJrand'a lrt)n WorkM are on Wood river, llopkliilon Cily i« n tlonrisbing ». on ft bnuieh of I'liarlea r., In the 8. i>ftrt of the lowu. Top. S,4TS. rawciituck r. has pruduullvo llatieries of Bbad nud Ijlewives. IIori'Eu'B Mn.Lfl, p. o., llonderHon CO., ///. : OS m. N. W. eprliit;n.l.i. llniti.'.iN, L and p. v., Warren county. N. Y.: 07 ni. N. Alljiny. iiraiiK-d by nncnerous biko creeks, lirandt I.ake let wbnily wlibin this I., and Sebroon Lake partly a.>— both hiive tlu'ir oudetif in the Sebroon r., which bminds it on the W. Surface hilly and mountainous; soil indilTerent, except on tlip nlbiviala of the streams. Tho v. Ilea In the S. pari, nntl is a ?niall agricultural nelllement. Pop. of U l,lGii. lIoitiiON, p. v., Dodge CO., ICwt'. ; on llock r., 40 m. ^. v.. Madison. lIoRNnito(.K, p. 0., Bradford county, 7Vn?». ; 109 ni. N. Ilarrit«burg. lIoiiNHV, t. and p. v., Stcubon co.. A'. }'. ; lC-1 m. W, by S. All'any. Drained by creeks of t'oidiocton rivers. Surface 6i>mewb!tt billy ; soil of av«'rat,'e fertility. Pop. I.ni4, HouNi-.ui^viLLi'., t. and p. v., Slenlien co., A'. }'.; IDtl ni. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by C'aiiisteo r. and ltd Irilm- tarieM. Surface billy and broken, l»ut mnwlly arable. Tbo V. lies on Ihe I'anisleo r., on tho line of the New York and Krlo 11. K., and at tho point whero the UulValo and New Vork City IC K. diverges. There aro largo workshops hero, several stores, nnd nbout 1,200 Inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,C8T. lIouNintSTOWN, p. T., Oeean co., N. Jer.: 89 ni. 8. E. Trenton. HoKNBT'e Ni»T, p. 0., Mccklonburgh co., A'. Car. : 13S m. TN'.S. W. Kateigh. lloKNsaoKouun, p. v., Chesterfield dist., S. Car, : 19 m. N. 1*:. Ctibunbia. lloiiNTowN, p. v., Accomno co., Virg.: 112 ui. K. by N. lilebinond. llouuv district, S. Car. Pitnftto E., nnd contalnB l.OTl •q. m. Lies on Ihe Atlantic Ocean, which is its P. E. bound- nry, and drained by Waccamaw r., whieh cri>fwcs Ibe comity fh»m N. K. to S. W., and liranehes of IJllle Pec Deo r., whIeh forms its W. b*mndary. Surface h)W and level; soil of moderate fertility, »y>n»if»llng In parts of niBrshcs well ndaptcil to rlcf growing. Ojfu, riuo, aud coltwu aro *Upl«i. CM Karms 731 ; mnnuf. 7 ; dwell. 9S0, and i)Op.— wh. B,621, fr col. &0. hi. '2,07.%- total 7.t'>-IG. (_\t}ntal : Conwaysboro.' llomui CiLKKK, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car, IIoRsn Ckickk, p. 0., Dado county, Mo.: 123 va. 8. W. Jeffcrbon City. HoKHii: CauKK, p. o., 'WUl county, Jll: 123 m. N. E. Spriuglleld. II0H.SB CuKRic, ji. 0., Grecno county, Tmn,: 220 m. 11 Na»hville. lIoa.SK CitKEK, p. o., llulhcrford co., N. Car,: 1S3 m. "W. S. W. Kaleigh. IlonHK ITkao, p. 0., Johnnon co., Ark.: on a creek of ArkansiuH r. so called, 91 m. W. N. W. LitUo liock. lloKHK Dkad, p. o., Mncon county, ihu: 76 m. 8. W. Milhtigtville. HoiwK IIkai>, p. o., Prince George's co., Md. HuiisK Pabtlke, p. 0., Henry co., Virg. : 148 ni.W. S.W. Ilichmoiid. HoiatK Pkn, p. 0., Choctaw CO., Miss.: 97 m. N. N. E. Jaek!*t>n. Hoa.4B SiioK, p. o., Pickens dlst., S. Car.: on a fork of Tugaluo r., 144 W. N. W. Columbia. UoiWR Suoic linNH, p. 0., Tallapooflft co., Alit.: on tho Tallapoosa river, ul Iho bend so called, 42 m. N. K. llout- gomery, lIoitsK SiioK RoTTOu, p. o., Eusscll CO., Ay. ; on Ibc S. sido of Ound)erland r., S7 m. 8. Frankfort. lIoiisEiiAM, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Fenn.: 97 m. K. Ilarrlsburg. Drained by Nesbuniiny and Pennypack creekfi. Surface level ; soli calcareous loam. Tho v. called llorseham Sipiare, in the centre of Iho t., has a I'ricnd'a meciing-house, and about n dozen dwellings. l*op. of I. 1,21J9. lIor^B\-'e Citosa KoADe, p. c, Sussox co., J)d. : 37 m* B. "Dover. lloKTON's Vau.ky, p. 0., Kusscll county, Mrg.: 278 nx* W. S. AV. Itichniond. lIoiiToNviLLii:, l>. v., Brown co., Wise: 118 m. N, N. E, Madison. Ho**KNSACK, p. o., Lehigh co., Fenn,: 83 m, E. N. E. llarrisburg. UosKiNBviLLK, p. V., Morgan co., Ohio: 69 m. E. by 8. Columbus. HoTruKisavii.i.r, p. 0., Lilchfleld co., Omn.; between the branches of Paniperang r., 32 m. W. S. W. liartlonl. It is a suudl nutnul'aeturing village of somo 8lH) inh.ibilantd. HoTKL, p. 0., Bertie co., A'. Car, : 101 m. K. llaleigh. Hot House, ]i. 0., Gilmer county, Ga,: 187 ni. N. W. Milledgoviile. Hot Si'itiNoa county, Ark, Bitunte 8. centrally, and con- tains ODD aq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Washita r., and K. by Salino r., a branch of tho Wasbila, nnd the E. lino of the Co. Surface high and broken, with level river botlonis; soils fertile, excellent corn laud, and Lho best of pasiurage. Cattle and grain are the staples. It etmtains vast deposites of coal and cclebrali-d hot mlncrul springs. Farms 320 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell, r.79, and pop.— wh. 3,237, fir. col. 11, si. SDl— total 3,r)09. C^tpHal : Rocki)orl. rullic Works : Little Kock nnd Shroveport K. R. Hot SiMiiNCjfl, p. v., and former cap. Hot Springs co.. Ark. : U m. W. S. W. Little Poek. It is a v. of some 200 lnhalMlanl.>*. Here are a, large number of hoi springs l^eak- Ing from the W. side of a mountain, aniirn. Dr. UoRi-rs's iiiwljsis of M "Mc liu'Uos of Uiu wnlcr n'mn llic solid iikU- lera wiiiUilncHl thori'lii iia follows— c'lu-lioimlo of llnxi, «S'J priiliisl »ul|>lmto of liino, TW; »nl|ilmto of nn.lii, M ; Wll- pliulc- of TiuiKiiosin, M ; ruvirluk' of «oiln, 087 ; nml sillrii, 000. TluTi! iiro sU liiillis, aii.l llio hot pool or lislh nuiut-s from 100° lo 101=^ l'"iihr. Tliorolan holsponl for liulli'S, iwnl 0111! lor Korillonu'ii, of lliii U'liipcTuluro of 106" l''iilir., wllli n full of ulioul 5 IVot. 'I'll.' oHI.'ju-y of IhcHo spouls In I'louvs of loi-nl pliJsU^al Ui!mii(,'.Muonl h will islaljll.tloil— lln'ir eunctivo propcrll.-s hellig niucli iiioit- riipUl In iiclkin timn If not Uuriiirtl. JioiioK'u Sroiiii, p. o., Curroll po., MJ. llouun'o StoKit, p. o., Jiuiiior Co., Mint. : 04 m. E. by S. tTiioksori. llorojiroN ooiinly, Mu'A. Hihinlo on llio Upper Ponin- Buhi, ill Hi.' oxtri'iiu' N., mill I'oiitjiliis l.DI" wi- ni. 11 con- sist iiriu.'ipnlly of n lurKO iH'iiliisiila, cxli'iiiliti); N. K. iulo Ijike SupiTior, Inilwcfil which iiiiil llio S. purl lira n hirRO liny. biMiriiiK the siiiiio imnii'— Kwwalwona Buy. It hiis niuny Binull atroimia flowlii;; iiit«i llio hiiy, "ml liikc— on Ihi- K niilo Yollow Uoc, I'iiio, Ihiroii, Stiirt;foii, Uiia-icllV, iiiul Toiiacc-i rivers; on tlio N. ami W.. l,owi'r Monmial, lCii(;kN l^almoii ■rroul, Khn, Mi8i:ry, ami Slcoplng rivers. .Surluco iiimh ilivurniHi'il, parts bcliiR rouK'li and rocky, and parls cnt up bj uimiiTona liiloLi of Uie lake. U has many lakoa or iionilu, the larsont of wliidi, l'ortaj;o l.ako, fvliiids ncrosn Ihi! pi'uinsula lo ii mile of tho N. W. cimsl, over whieh Uie Indiana imd Imnlers carry thelrcnnoes— wlienco Iho nmno. The iiKrleulliiriil ivsoiirccs of tho co. Iiavo been Utile examined as yet. It hius iinicli ((ood tliiilier and wiilrr- power. But Us chief wealth la In il.i minerals, principally cop- per. Here, In Immense miLsses, Ihe purest ami best of eo]>pcr Is found. Tho mines are of IndellniteexUiil, and of surpris- ing richness, and the amount exported Is Immense, Ihoiij^h bill a small part is yet wrouKlil, I'lirnib IS; nmnuf. 6; dwell. 110. and pop.— wh. 707, 1'r. col. I— lobil 70S. Oltiil,U : ICaijIe Uiver. J'uldi<: nuiAa : Uroeii Bay and Copper Harbor U.K. HotrimTONViLLE, p. v., Wlndliain Co., Venn. : 03 ni. S. Monlpelier. Houi.KA, p. 0., ChlckiLsaw co.. Mm.: Vii ni. N. N. IC. Jackson. Uofi.ToN, t., p. v., anil rap. Arixistook co., 3f'j. : 1C3 in. N. K. Augiisia. It lies on Ihe New I'.niiiswick boiimliiry. Drained by McduxnekeiiK r., a branch of Ihe HI. .John. Surface elevated iinil level ; Boil generally fertile. The v. Is locatcl on the K. bank of the r., and about a mile N. Is the old United SUiles barracks. SUiRcs from lianRor ran dally. I'op. l,4.').'i— In 1840 It was 1,597— decrease conaequcnt on Uie iibamli>iiment of Ihe garrison. UoCMA, p. \ ., and cap. Torre II le par., An. ; on Bayou Tone Bonne, M m. 8. S. K. liulon UoiiHe. lloiTHATONlo, p. v., Berkshire CO., J/o.v/i. .* on the W. aide of Housalonlc r., and on tho line of tho llousalonic It. K., 00 ni. from BridgeporU HocsATO.Nifl river, .I/ims. and (hnn. : rises by two branches in the towns of Lancsboro' and Windsor, Berkshire co., Mass., and these meet at I'lltsneld, where the river lorins; It then passes S., and enters Colinectieiit, and mecLs tlie liile 14 in. above Its entranee into IjOiik Island Sound. Ita sources are more Uiaii 1,000 fei't atiove tho ocean; and In lis course of liiO miles it affords numerous mill siU'S, ami liiLs on lt.s banks many pleasant villiu^es and seats of nianufaeturlnix industry. The volume of water is not ordi- narily large, but In si-a.soii8 of flood its valley Is inundated, and the soli fertilizc-d by the alhivlon deposited by tiic waters. The swiiery la everywliere licautifiil ; In some place's it is cjicliantint;. At Oanaan there is a fall of Oil feet perpendicuhu-. The name of the river, un Indian appeiliv- tlve, sitrniliea " mwr tfiti niounUthiA." Uocsn Ckkkk, p. o., Irwin Co., Oa.; onacr. of Ockmul^o r. 80 called, b8 in. ti. Milleilgavllle. IIousk's SfttlNOS, p. o., .lelTcrson Co., Mi: : about 'i in. S Bin r., and S7 in. K. by S. .lellerson Ciiy. lloimitvii.i.ii, p. v., Lewis CO., A'.Y.: lOSm. N. \V. AlbauT Houston county, t'lt. Situate S. W. centrally, ami con- laiiis MO aq. in. Bouiuled H. by Oekniiiln™ r., ami drained by lis allluenui Bin ImUan and Mossy creeks and Keheconno r. Surface various; soils very ferllle iiiiii procliicUve of corn, wlieat, and colton. Farms 750; inaiiuf. 2;1 ; dwell. 1,1:1S, and pop.— wli. «,r.l2, fr. col. It, si. 0,yj.l— loliil IC,I.M1. (V;). ffiif; Perry. I'lMlo Works: South- Western U. I!., anil Mnscopce U. U. llousroN county, 7<«i. Silunlo IC. cenlrally, and cenilalns 1,«0'i sq. 111. It lies between Neciiesr. on the K. and Trinity r. on the W., ami is drained by lilklmrt cr., llurrlcano Bayou, CarlKo, Lost, NcRro, Wrinhl's, and While Itock creeks of the latter, and San Pedro, Walniil, and tVumov'o creeks, and Cochlno Bayou of thf former. Surl'aee level, or ceiiliy nmlulalliii; ; soil on the 'I'rinlly of the best in lIio SlaUs on llie Neelies rather lli;liter and more sandy. Hickory uplunds cover inueli of the Co., ami iillord rich corn and cotton lands. Petrilled trees are freiiuenlly iiie» Willi, and iron ore of ({ood ipnilUy Is found, (.■ollon Is tlio .staple. I'linus IIW ; mamlf. 0; dwell. 1)57, and pop.— wlu 2,lBli, fr. col. l'2,sl. «7:i- U.lal 2,71!1. (',r///«ri;.' Crockell. Houston, p. v.. Heard co., fril..' 11^1 m. W. by N» MIlleilKeville. Houston, p. o., Jackson Co., Iiul. : on a branch of Salt cr., 51 in. S. liidlanapolLs. Hot'SToN, p. v., Adams county, JU. : 7ii in. W. N. W. Sprinclleld. Houston, p. T., Marlon co., Jt.i.: n little N. of South Fabius r.. Oil ni. N. by F,..IelTeraon Oily. HouBToN, p. o.,'aml cap. Ohicka-aw CO., jV/m. .- on tho head of Chiiekaluekee cr. of TomliiKbeu r., 127 m. N. 1'^ .Imksoii. it conlaiiisa conrl-lioiise,Jail,ele., and about 000 iiilialiilaiils; and tliree newspapers are published here, llio "Soulhern Arpis" (statiS rl;;lil.s), llie "Southern Palrlot" (whii;). and llie ■• Ohlekitsaw UcpiiliilCJUi" (dem.), all weekly issues. Hoiialonlsathrivln);v.,and lias aline uelciiliorlioiiil, Houston, p. v., Shelby county, OIiUk- 71 in. W. N. W. Columbus. Houston, p. o., Allc({liany county, I'tiin.: 173 m. W. HarriBburi;. HousTxiN, p. v., Wayne co., 7ioiu, ; on Indian cr. of Tonr ncssiu' r., a"* 111. S. S. \V. Naslivllle. IIousioN, p. v., and cap. Harris eo., Tnr. : on Biiffidb liayon, at llie head of sleam navli.;allon and dlreelly o|>- posiUi Willie Oak llayoil, IM ni. K. S. F. Austin Cily. II was ciiinmenccd in OcUiber, liliO, and in Noveinlier llie old capilol was fiiiinded, and In tho May followiiii,' IJoiiuresn held 11.S llrat session in that bnihllii);. In front of the cily la a line wharf 500 feet loll),', allordiin; ample necoinimid.-itloiv for ILs biisiui'ss. 'I'hls wiiarf is Hanked by two cotloii preaaen, erected by iiulividual enterprise. Tlio public buildings aro Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Catholic, and McIIuhUbI cliurchea, each denomimillon otic, a Rood niarkel-lioiiao, and a Jail. KcKular alaijes run twice ii week for Austin imj San Antonio, and for Naconiloehes and llie Sabine. TherO Is a very lari^e country business traiisaeled, and scTiiral of lis merehaiil" have acquired large fortunes. The heavy business Is doiio clilelly on Main SIreel, which hiees tli» wharves on the ijiiyou. There are in tlie city III lart'u llrmn that advance capital to lilaiiters, ami are reimbursed liy lli» nexterop.s. There are also many eiitjatted in llio Kriieery and provision bii»iiie«s, and several exlenslve cominlssloii mereiianta, ilrURKlsIa, wareiloUBCinen, etc. Iloualon pos- sesses su|KTlor iiilvanlaKes for maiiiifaelurinK, and may at Willie fiiliire llmo beismie iniportant in tliat branch of In- dustry. At present all lier nmnuliietured iirlielus are pur- chu/i'--d from the Norlli and carried In steumhoals a[> llio bavou. There are live newspapers published lure, tho "Mornlnic Star" (dcin.), Irl-weekly, ami the "TcicKrapli and 'I'exiis Uci-lator" (ikin.), lliu " Iloualon Giizclte" (dcinj 207 HOC HUD (he " Commercial Advertiser" (whig), and Ihc " Wesltjan Banner" (relig.), all weelily issues, ll is proposed to build a branch railroad, 60 m. long, from this point to the Brazos Valley, where it will form a junction Willi the Ked Kiver and Galveston E. E. Pop. 2,396. Houston tokes its name from Gen. Sam Houston, leader of the Texan army during the revolution— her first president as an independent stale, and one of her present senators— a man, a .soldier, and a etatcsman, worthy of the highest honors that Ihe people can conter. HorsTox, p. v., and cap. Texas Co., Mu. : 97 m. S. by E. Jefferson Oily. HorsToN, p. v., Bourbon co.. Ay. .• 8T m. E. Frankfort. UopsTON's Stoke, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : Ib-i m. N. N.W. Monlgoraery. HousTosviLLK, p. T., IredeU co., iV. Car.: 127 m. W. Ealeigh. HowAitD county, T7id. Situate N. ccntr.illy, and contains 296 sq. m. Drained by Wild Cat er. and its branches, a tributary of Wabash r. Surface level or slightly undulat- lug, and soil uniformly rich. Timber is abundant, and com, wheat, and the grasses grow finely. This county lies wholly on the Miami Eeservcs, and is not fully settled. Farms 746; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,190, and pop.— wh. 6,015, fr. col. 42— total 6,607. Cajntal : Kokomo (or Cocomo). PiMic Wor/cs : Indianapolis and Peru K. E. ; Andersontown and Logansport E. E. UowAED county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 482 eq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa r. and heads of Turkey r., both aflluents of the Mississiiipi. Unorganized in 1S50. Howard county, Mil. Situate centrally ou W. shore, and contains 226 sq. m. It lies between PaLifisco and Patux- ent rivere, and is drained by their aflluents. Surface undu- lating, and intersected by uumefous creeks, which afford good water-power ; soil mostly pt-oductive, with some waste land. This county was a part of Anne Anindel in 1S50, nnd the census of that comprises both. Ctijiital : ElUcotfs Mills. PuWa Works : Baltimore and Ohio E. E. nowAKD county. Mo. Situate N. centrally, and contains «53 sq. m. Bounded S. and S.W. by the Mis.souri, and drain- ed by Great Manitou and Bonne Femme rivers, its afflu- ents. Surface varied, with some hills, and considerable water-power ; soil excellent, yielding lino crops of corn and wheat, and some tobacco ; it is admirably adapted to graz- ing. Farms 1,105; manuf. 35; dwell. 1,685, and pop — wh. D;040, fr. col. 89, si. 4.S90. Capital: Fayette. HowAED, p. v., Parke co., Jjid. : on Mill cr., near its en- trance into the Wabash, and at the point where it is crossed by the Canal. 63 m. W. K. W. Indianapolis. Howard, t. and p. v., Steuben co., X. Y. : 1S5 m. W. Albany. Drained by creeks of Canisleo and Conhoclon rivers. Surface undulating; soil clay-loam and fertile. The V. contains about 250 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3.244. HowAKD, t. and p. c, Centre co., P&nn. : 82 ni. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and its tributaries, and by Marsh and Beach creeks. Surface mountainous, the main ridge of the Allcghanies pa.ssing Uirough it. Top. 1,527.' Howard's, p. c, 'Waukesha county. Wise. : 62 m. E. Madison. HowAED-s, St., Bibb CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Western E. E., 6 m. W. by N. Macon. How Aim's Gkote, p. o., Sheboygan co., Wi»c: 92 m. N. E. Madison. , Howard's Poixt, p. o., Fayette co., III. : on the National Eoad, 69 m. 8. E. Springfield. How Ann's Valley, p. o., Windham co., Conn. : 27 m. E. by N'. llarlford. HowARDsviLLE, p. T., Stcphenson co., lU. : 177 m. N. ffipringfleld. HowARDSviLLE, p. Y., Albemarle county, Tirg. : 70 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. Howell, t, p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Mich. : SO m. 298 E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Shiawassee and Cedar rivers. The v. is situate on the Grand Eirer Turnpike ; it contains the county buildings, several stores and mills, and about 400 inhabitants; and has a news- paper, the "Livingston Courier," published weekly. Howell's Dep6t, p. o., Orange co., N. Y. Howell's Speisgs, p. o., Hardin co., £y. : 69 m.W. S.W. Frankfort. IIowELLBViLLK, p. T., Eobeson county, ii^. Car. : 77 m. S. by W. Ealeigh. HoWELLSTiLLE, p. V., DelawaTC CO., Penn. : 87 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. IIowELL Works, p. v., Monmouth co.. A". Jer. : on Man- asquan r., 87 m. E. by S. Trenton. Here are extensive iron works, and a number of dwellings and stores for the workers. Howe's, p. c, Concordia par., La.: 87 m. N'. T^.'W Baton Eouge. HowLASD, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. ; 86 m. N. N. '& Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis r. an=r, 5 weeklies, and 1 semi-monthly ; the " Morning Star'' (neutral), is issued daily ; the " Columbia Eepublican" (whi"). the "H. Gazette" (ilem.), the "Democratic Frec^ man'" (free soil), the " Washinglonian'' (temp.), and the "Columbia County Journal" (whig), are weeklies; and the Bcmi-monthly is the " Eural Eepublican" (literary). The number of houses in the city in 1S50 was 832, and the inhab- itants 6.214. Hudson was settled in 17S3 by Thomas Jenkins and others, chiefly Quakers from Massachusetts and Ehode Island. In 17S.'> it was chartered as a city. Hudson, t. and p. v.. Summit Co., Ohio: 117 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by numerous creeks flowing in several directions to the Cuyahoga r. Surface elevated and rolling ; ioil clay loam, very fertile in grass and grain. The village Is pleasantly located on a plain, from whic.li the groun.l rises toward the N. Il contains several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. The Cleveland and PilLslmrg E. E. p.asses through it 26 m. from Cleveland, and from it diverges the Akron Branch E. E. Hudson is the scat of the Western Reserve College, founded in IS'26, and which is under Presbyterian supervision ; it has a tliwtlogical department. The College has ^ professors, and in 1S50 had ISl alumni and 67,3ludtuls, with a library of S,000 volumes ; and the theological department had 3 professors and 14 students. The periodicals published here are the " Ohio Observer' (relig.), and the " Family Visitor" (literary)— the first a weekly .and the latter a semi-monthly issue. The t, is chiefly agricultural. Pop. of t 1,457. Hudson, p. o., Franklin co., tfti. ; on Hudson's Fork of Bro.ad r., S3 m. N. Milledgeville. Hudson 'sville, p. T., Polk CO.. Jfo. : 9T m. S.W. Jefferson City. Humboldt county, la. Situate N. "W. centrally, and con- tains 576 sq. m. Brained by several head streams of Des Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. Humboldt, v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of Hum- boldt Harbor, opposite its entrance to the raciflc ocean, and about 200 m. N. N. TV. Vallejo. There is a v. called West Humboldt at the N. of the entrance to the bay. These arc small and uncertain settlements. Humboldt harbor, Calif.: a large bay, on tho coast of California, the entrance of which is in lat 41)0 44' N. It was discovered in 1S50 by the gold hunters, and it is said that a considerable quantity of gold has been collected in its neigh- borhood. Some settlements have been made on its shores. Humboldt lake, UMt Ter: : a large lake in the California desert, iu about lat. 40° 15' N., and long. IISO 20' W., and the recipient of Humboldt r. It has no outlet. Humboldt mountains VtaJi Ter.: a chain of hills so called, extending between the llSth and 119th meridian, and from about 39° to 41° 41' N. lat. The Humboldt r. has its sources in the W. slope of this range. Humboldt river, Ukih Ter.: a river rising about 115° "W. long., in the Humboldt Kiver mountains. It has a tor- tuous coarse S. and "W. until it falls into Humboldt Lake. The valley of this river is the route usually i)ursued by the overland emigration between the Salt Lake and Californin. Hume, t. and p. v., Alleghany county. X. Y.: 217 ni. "\V. Albany. Brained by tributaries of Genesee r.. whieli passes through it Surface undulating; soil cl.ay ioani, very fertile. Hume is a small agricultural village. Pop. of t. 2,473. Humilttt, p. 0., J'ulaslu county, Jlrg. : 193 m. W. by S. Pdchmond. IIummelstown, p. b., Banphin co., P&im.: on Swatara cr., 9 m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 620. Humphreys county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains B19 sq. m. Bounded W. by Tennessee r., and drained by its affluents, Turkey cr., Eichland cr., Bay er.. Buck r., etc. Surface mostly even, with good mill seats. Soil very good. Com is the staple, but fine wheat is raised, au'l many hogs fattened. Farms 679 ; manuf. 16 ; dwel. 919, and pop — wh, 6,304, fr. col. 21, si. 1.097— U*tal 6,422. Capital: Wavcrley. Public WorA'^ : Nashville and Mississippi E. li. HuMPUREv'e Villa, p. c. Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E Columbus. ? Humph HETsviLLK, p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: on Naugatuck r., 6 m. from its couQueuce with the Housatonic, and 37 S. W. Hartford. It has coosiderable manufactures, 800 also iron and copper works, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Humlook's Cb£ek, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn. : 87 m. N. B Harrisburg. HuNGABT, sta., Hanover county, Virg. : on the line Of the Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac E. K., 8 m. It, Kiehraoud. Hunt county, Tesc. Situate N. E.. and contains 976 sq. ra Brained by heads of S. fork of Sulpbur r., and heads of th» Sabine. Surface undulating, or hills of small elevation and gentle slope, and generally densely wooded ; soil a rich loam in the river bottoms, wbich comprise a large part of the CO., and though more sandy or clayey between them, yet jjlways very productive. The timber common to ihii region abounds, and on the streams are found tlie best of grapes in great quantities. It is well adapted to the staple of this quarter (cotton), and grows fine crops of conk Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 26S, and pop.— wh. l,47t fr. col. 2, si. 41— tot,il 1,520. CajnUil: Greenville. Hunter, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : 106 m. E. Columboi Hunter, p. v., Boone county, III. : 1S7 m. N. by JB. Springfield. Hunter, t. and p. v., Greene co., X, Y. : 38 m. S. 8. "W. Albany. Brained by heads of Schoharie cr. Surface mounW ainoos, King on the principal range of the Kaatebergb Bound Top, their highest peak, is 3,S04 feet above tha Hudson river. Soil sterile, except in some exceptional valleys, and along the streams. Wood, timber, and bark are exported. The v. is on Schoharie cr., and contains a number of mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t 1,S49. Hukteedon county, K. Jer. Situate N.W., and contains 4S4 sq. ra. Brained by Musconetoung r. and other affluent* of Belaware r., its S. AV. boundary, and E. by Raritan r., which empties into the Atlantic. Surface in the N. high and broken ; in the S. much more even ; soil mostly fertile, producing fine crops of all the grains, and affording exceU lent pasturage. It has considerable water-power, and con» venicnt markets by land or water. Farms 2,4S6; Dianu& 309; dwell. 5,107, and pop— wh. 2^,212. fr col. 769, si. 8— total 2S,9S9. Capital : Flemington. Public Work^ : BeU Tidere Belaware R. K. ; Flemington Branch E. R. ; New Jersey Central R. E. Hunter's Cave, p. c, Greene co., Penn. : 183 m.W. S.'^ Harrisburg. HuNTERSLAND, p. 0., Schoharie CO.. X. Y. : 23 m. W. by ^ Albany. HuNTEUSTowN, p. T., Adams oo., Penn,: 28 m. B. 19!^ Harrisburg. HuNTERSViLLE, p. T., Lycoming co., Penn. IIuNTERSViLLE, p. V., and Cap. Pocahffiitas co.,r?r^. ; oh Knapp's cr. of Greenbrier r., 154 m. W. N. W. Uiehmoni The site is 1,800 feet above the level of tlie Atlantic Ocean; and in the vicinity are several mineral springs. The ▼, contains a C. H., jail, etc., and has several stores and aboui 2t>0 inhabitants. lIuNTEitsviLLE, p. T., Hardin county, Ohio: 63 m. N. T^ Columbus. Pop. 84. HuNTiNGBUKGH, p. V., Bubois co.,./?iA; 107 m. 9. S. "W^ Indianapolis. Pop. 250. HuNTLVQ Creek, p. o., Accomack co., Virg.: 106 m. R Richmond. Huntingdon county, Penn. Situate S. ccntmlly, and contains 754 sq. m. Brained by Rnystown Branch and other affluents of Juniata r., which crosses the N. part from E. toW. Surface much varied; parts are mountainous, but there are many beautiful valleys, which are exceedingly fertile. A part is too rough for cultivation, but abounds in fine timber and numerous mill streams. Tlie lower lands produce excellent crops of wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat* and oats, and the higher afford the best of gr.nziog. Tha dairies are fine, and beef, pork, and wool, staples. Iron ore and bituminous coal are abundant ; lead, salt, and alum HUN HUR are found. Farms 1,445; manuf. 93; dwell. 4,29S, and pop.— wh. 24,461, fr. col. 325~total 2-4,7S6. Capital : Hun- tingdon. Public ir(?r*«; Pennsylvania Caual; PcnusylTa- Cia E. i:. HrNTiNGDON, p. b., and cap. Htmtingdon co., Pervn: on the W. side of rrankatown branch of Juniata r., at its en- trance into the latter, 61 m. direct, or by railroad 97 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has considerable manufactures and a gnod trade. The **II. Globe" (dem.) and the "II. Journal" (whig) are issued weekly. The Pennsylvania Canal and li. E. pass through the borough. Pop. in 1S40, l.D45~in 1?50, 1,479. Huntingdon, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., Tenn.: on the B. fork of Obion r., 90 m. "W. by S. Nashville. It contains a •ourt-house and other county buildings, several stores, and about 3UU inhabitants. The neighborh(X)d is one of the finest agricultural regions of the State, beautifully diversitled, well watered, and rich and deep soil. llrNTiNGDoN Valley, p. o., Montgomery co., Penru: 83 m. E. by S. Uarrisburg. Huntington county, Ind. Situate N. E., and contains 8S4.sq. m. Brained by Wabash r., and Little r., and Sala- monie r., its branches. Surface level or undulating ; soils a mixture of clay and sand, deep, and very fertile. Forest land predominates. Wheat, corn, beef, and pork are Ihe leading products. Farms 7s52; manuf. S2; dwell. 1,356, and pop — wh. 7.S47. fr. coL 3— total 7,SoO. Capital: Hunting- ton. Public Works : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Wabash Valley E. E. HuNTiNi.ToN. t. and p. v.. Fairfleld co., Conn. : 44m. S.W. Hartfurd. Drained by several creeks of Housatonic r., which makes the E. border, and is crossed by several bridges. Surface somewhat uneven; soils generally fertile. The V. is located centrally, about equi-distant between the Housatonic and the Naugatuck Eailroads. The manufac- lurcs of the town consist of woolen goods, paper, leather, etc. Pop. of t. 1,301. Huntington, p. v., and cap. Huntington co., Ind. : at the mouth of Flint cr., on Little r., 2 m. above its entrance into the Wabash, and on the line of the canal, SI in. N. N. E. Indianapolis. It contains a court-houae, jail, etc., about 120 dwellings, and 594 inhabitants, and has two newspapers, the " Herald" (whig) and the '* Age" (dem.), both weekly issues. It is the shipping place of a large and fertile back countrj', Huntington, t and p. v.. Suffolk co., 2i. Y. : 124 m. S. S. E. Albany. This t. stretches across Long Island, and embraces Oak Island beach, which here divides Great South Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. In the N. the shores are deeply Indented by several bays*— in the S. the land is drained by numerous small streams flowing into Great South Bay, Surface generally level — toward the N., however, it is some- what hiily ; soils various, none very fertile, but usually undtT the highest state of cultivfetion, The v. is situate at the head of Huntington Harbor, a continuation of Hunting- ton Bay, and contains about 6C>0 inhabitants. There arc three newspapers published in the town, the ** Long lalandt-r," the "Suffolk Democrat," and the " Ea-ntcrn State Journal," all issued weekly. The manufactures of Hunting- ton are considerable. Pop. 7,481. Huntington, t and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : 86 m. X. N. E. Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black r. Surface elevated and rolling : soil clay loam, very fertile. The v. is central, and is a small farming settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,173. Huntington, p. v., Laurens disL, S. Car. : 66 m. N. W. Columbia. Huntington, L and p. v., Chittenden co.. Term. : 19 m. yf. Montpelicr. Drained by Huntington r, a branch of the Onion. Surface mountainous ; soil generally adapted to grass. The t. contains Camel's Eump, one of the liiglust peaks of the Green Mountains. The v. is situate on the W. »ldo of the r., which here affords water-power. Pop. of township SS6. HuNTiNGTowN, p. V., Calvort CO., 3fd. : on the S. side of a cr. so called, 31 m. S. Annapolis. HuxTSBUEOu, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio : 145 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by tht head-waters of Cuyidioga r. Surface elevated and rolling; soil fertile. Pop. 1,007. Hunt's Hollow, p. v., Li\-ingston co., *V. Y. : 212 m. W. Albany. Pop. about 200. Hunt's Stoke, p. o., Guilford county, A*". Car.: 77 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ala. : on Indian cr. of Tennessee r., 10 m. from the confluence, and 167 m. N. by W. Monlgnmery. It is the seat of a U. S. land office ; and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a bank, several hand- some churches, and has two newspapers, the " Democrat" (dem.) and the *' Southern Star," both weeklies. It has con- siderable business, and promises to become one of the most flourishing towns of the Slate. The Memphis and Cbarle!^ ton Pw. E. will pass through it, and others in a N. and S. di- rection will connect with that important line. A canal ex- tends hence to Triana, on the Tennessee, 16 m. Pop. 2,S63. Huntsville, p. v.. and cap. Madison county. Ark:: on War Eagle cr. of White r., 123 ra. N. .W. Little Eock. It has a court-house, etc., and about 255 inhabitants. HuNTy\'TLLE, p. v., Pttulding CO., Ga.: 116 m. W. N. W. Milie.lgeviUe. IICNTSTILLE, p. T., ChOCUW CO., JfwS. ." &3 Til. N. N. E. Jackson. IIuNTSTiLLE, p. T., Schuj'ler CO., III.: G7 m. W. N. W. Springfleld. Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., J/b. .- on the E. side of East Chariton r., &4 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several stores. Pop. 3U0. Huntsville, p. v., Yadkiu (formerly Surry) county, N'. Car. : on the W. bank of Yadkin r.. 103 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. IIuNT3\^LLE, T. and sta., Wake co., N. Car. : on the lino of the Gaston and Ealeigh E. E., 9 m. N. Ealeigh. HgsTSViLLE, p. v., Luzerne co., Peiin. : 107 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Huntsville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 53 m. N. W. Columbia. Huntsville, p. v., antl cap. Walker co., Tea:. : on Har- mon's cr. of Trinity r., 143 m. E. by N. Austin City. It is ono of the progressive settlements of Texas, and is sur- rounded by a thickly peopled and well cultivated country. Tho V. contains a court-house, etc., and several large stores. Two newspapers, the "Texas Presbyterian" (reUg.). and the *' H. Item," arc puidislied weekly. It is proposed to erect at this place a Female College, under charge of tho Methodists, and other foundations are spoken of which, if completed, will make Huntsville a great seat of learning. Pop. about 600. HuNTsviLLF^ p. v., Madison co., Ind. : on the N. side of Fall cr. of White r., a little above Pendh-tnii, ami about 26 m. N. E. Indianapolis. It is named after the families that first settled here. Kuntsville, p. v.. Logan co., Ohio: on Cherokee-mans cr., 49 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Tho Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E. E. passes through it9S m. from Sandusky. Huntsville, p. v., and cap. Scott co., Tenri. UuBLET, t. and p. v., Ulster co., K T.: 47 m. S. S, W. Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. Surface billy ; soil fertile loam, underlaid with limestone. The v. on Esopus cr. is a sm:Jl agricultural settlement, and contains 30 or 35 dwell- ings.' Pop. of t. 2,003. IIcKON county, MicJi. Situate E. between Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron, and conliiins S59 sq. m. Drained by Pinnebog and Willow rivers, flowing N., Zappopoie r., flowing IC.. and other small streams. iSurface mostly level; soil of morleralc fertility, without atone, but marshy U places. It is well timbered with beech, maple, pine, and tamarack, the last two supplying great numbers of spare. 801 HUR HYD Lumber is the greatest export, theeounty being little settled. Farms 18; manuf. 0; dwell. 62, and pop.-wh. 210, fr. cuL —total 21 0. Capital : HuBON county, Ohio. Situate N, centrally, and contains 764 sq. m. Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers and Uicir branches. Surface roUinjx or level ; soil very fertile and Jinely adapted to grain and grass. Wheat and com are leading crops, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and ewinc are fed. Farms 2,4U ; manu f. 250 ; dwell. 4,G19, and pop.— wh. 26,167, fr. col. 86— total 26,203. Capita!: Newark, Public Work«: Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E,P.. ; Sandusky and Newark It, K. ; Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo K. E. IIuKoN, t, and p, o., "Wayne co., Mich, : 72 m. 8. E. t-ansing. Drained by Huron r., which affords water-power and navigation. In the S. W. there are swamps, but the general surface is elevated and fertile. Pop. 452. IIOEON, p. v., Des Moines co., la, : on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 53 m. S. E. Iowa City. HcBo.N, t and p. v., Wayne co., X. Y. : 159 m, W, N. W, Albany. Drained by streams falling Into Lake Ontario through East, Tort, and Sodus Bays, which lie in this town. B«rface level ; soil gravelly and sandy loam. The vUlagee are Huron and Port Glasgow. Pop. of 1. 1,906. HtJEOx, t. and p. T., Erie CO., Okio : 100 m. N. N. E, Columbus, Drained by Huron r. and other affluents of Lake Erie. Surface level ; soil sandy alluvion. The v. is located at the mouth of Huron r., and has a good harbor. It Oontains numerous warehouses, stores, commission-houses, Stc, and about SOO inhabitants ; and is intersected by the JuncUon (Lake Shore) E. E. Pop. of 1. 1,397. HuEoN isles, Midi. : on the B. shore of Lake Superior, E. Qf Kew-y-wee-non Bay, HuEON lake : one of the Hve great lakes of North Amer- ica. It lies between Lake Superior on the N, W., Michigan on the N, W. and W., and Erie and Ontario on the S. and S, E. ; and in regard to its astronomicil position, lies be- tween 430 6' and 46° 16' N, lat., and between 79° SO" and 84° 50' W. Ion, Its length is 200 m,— along the coast of its W, shore it is 860 m, ; and its greatest breadth is 160 m., but exclusive of the bay on the N. E., it is only about 90 m. ; and its circumference is about 1,100 m. Its principal inden- tations are, Saganaw Bay, extending into Michigan, and two others, one immediately N, of the Manitou Islands, and the other S, E. of them. The latter, called Georgian Bay, Is about 170 m. long and 70 m. broad, and is not far from one-fourth the whole size of the lake. Manit^iu, or Great Spirit Islands, extend ft-om a peninsula in tho>> E. part, through its N. part — and with Dnmimond*s Island, separate another sheet of water from the main lake SO m. long and 20 m. wide. The boundary between the United States and Canada passes along the main Huron 225 m., and between Lesser Manitou and Drummoud's Island by what is called the Middle Passage, and curves round to the N, and W, 25 m, to the entrance of St, Mary's r. The elevation of the surface of the lake is 596 feet above the ocfan, or less th.in that of Lake Superior by 45 feet, or than that of Lake Michigan by 4 feet. The greatest depth tow.ard the W. shore is at least 1,000 feet, and its mean depth 900 feet, or about 300 feet below the level of the Atlantic. The largest of the Manitou Islands, called Great Manitoulin, is 90 m. long, and in its widest part neariy 30 m, broad. The islands of Lake Huron are said to amount In number to S2,0(XI. It retieives the waters of Lake Superior by St. Mary's r., and those of Lake Michigan by the Straits of Michilimackinac; and discharges its own waters by the Strait of St, Clair. Lake Nipissing empties into it through Francis r., and Lake Bimcoe by Severn r. The Huron is subject to violent storms, ■which render lis navigation dangerous. It has, however, fine harbors, and in process of time cities and a crowded population will vitalize its shores. Huron river, Mich. : a considerable stream of the Upper Peninsula, having its source In tho Porcnpino Mountains, from which it flows N, E., and discharges its waters into Lake Superior. It is navigable for catioes. HuEON river, 3fich. : one of the most considerable streami watering the E, part of the lower peninsula. It rises from many heads in Oakland and Livingston counties, and flowa In a 8, W. course to the N. boundary of Washtenaw county, where it expands into PorUige Lake, It then contracts an*J passes S. for a few miles, and then, pursuing a S. E. direc- tion through Washtt-naw and Wayne c^'iinties, enters Lake Erie a few miles below the mouth of Detroit r. It has few tributaries Id Us lower course. The Huron is a l>e,iutiful transparent stream, passmg alternately through rich bot- toms, openings, plains, and sloping woodlands. Its length, by its meanderings, is about 90 miles. UlJRON river, Ohio: rises in Eichland co., and flowB through Huron and Erie counties into Lake Erie at Huror^ It is navigable by a erocjked channel six or seven miles from its mouth, and h,is a canal along its border to Milan. It affords good water-power, HuREicAA-E, p, o,, Conway county, Ark.: 47 m. N. % Little Eock. Hdeeicane, p. T,, Montgomery CO., III. ; 57 m. 6. S. & Springfield. HcEEicASK, p, o,, Franklin par,, la. : IIS m. K N. WL Baton Eouge, HuERioAKE, p, o,, Spartanburg disL, & Car. : 108 nk N, W, Columbia. HiTERiciNE Ceeek, p. o,, Laudcrdalo co., Mi^s. ; 9*^ m, £1 Jackson. HuEEiCAKi Ckeee, p, 0,, Sallno co,. Ark. .■ 28 m. S. W Little Eock. HuREicAjTE Ceeek, p. o,, Henderson co,, Temu : 112 m. W, 8, W, Nashville. Hueeicaxe Geovi, p. o,, Grant county, WUo. ; S m. E. of Grant river, HuEEicANE Hill, p. o., Lafayette co.. Ark. : 118 m. S.W, Little Eock, 73 m, W, S. W, Madison. Huet'sCeobsEoads, p, o., Maury county, Tenn. ;86m.S. Nashville. Huet's MrLi£, p. o., Harrison county, Ind. : 112 m, 8. Indianapolis, HmSAW, p. o,, Carroll co.,^rJt, ; 132 m. N, W,LitUe Eocfc. HuSTiSFOEi), p. V,, Dodge county, Wise : 4S m. N. li Madison. HrsTONviLLE, p. v., Lincoln co., Ky. .'SI m. 8. S. £1 Frankfort. HtTTSONviLTX, p, V,, Crawford eo., III. : on the W, bant of Wabash r„ 114 m, E, S, E, Springfield. Hdtton's Foek, p, o,,Wilkcs county, Go. : 64 m. N, N. IL MiUedgeville, HurroNSTn-LE, p. v., Eandolph coounty, Vlrg. .* 162 nk W.N.W. Eichmond. Htannis, p. v., Bamstable'co., Mam. : 5 m, S, Barnstable Court-house, and 63 m. S. S, E. Boston. It contains 3 churches and 120 inhabitants, Htannis Poet, p. v., Barnstable CO., Mass. : 65 m. S. S. K Boston. The v. has a good harbor, with a breakwater coi> strueted by the United States, and Is a refuge for winiV bound vessels. nYATTSTo%vN, p. v., Montgomery co., Md, : on the N.W. line of the eo., 62 m. W, N, W. AnnapoUs, Htattsville, p.v., Miami Co., Ohio : on the Miami Canal, 62 m. W, Columbui It has several stores, and about 2B0 inh.abitants. Htco, p. o., Halifax CO., Vlrg. : 93 m, 8, "W, Eichmond. Htco Falls, p. o., HaUfai co., Virg. : on Hyco cr,, 98 nk 8. W, Eichmond. HlTDE county, N. Car. Situate E., and contains 809 sq. m. It has Pamlico Sound on the E. and S., and Pungo r. (or bay) on the W., and is drained by small creeks flowing into these. Surface low, le,vel, and frequently marshy ; soil . moderately productive, with a heavy growth of pine. Com Is the chief crop— lumber the export Farms 293 ; mamiC nvD ILL 2,o:i:— 6; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 4,79S, fr. col. 211, lotnl 7,&:36. Capital: Swan Quarter. Hype, p. t., Warren co., K Y. : 5S ra. N. W. Albany. Hyde Pauk, p. t., Grundy county, IlL : 129 ni- N. E. Springfield. Hyde Park, v. and sta.. Queen's co., K Y. : on the lino of Ihe Long Island R. K., 1" in. from Brooklyn. IItdc Paiik, I. and p. v., Duchess Co., JV. Y. : 61 ra. S. Albany. Drained by Crum Elbow cr., and bounded W. by UudsDn r. Surface uneven; soil gravelly loam and clay; on the river very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of Dudson r., and has commodious landings and a horse-ferry across the river. It is a considerable place, with stores, tni'chanic shops, etc., and carries on a trade with New York City, with which It is connected by the Hudson liiver li, K. and etcambuuts. I'op. of L 2,420. IIyi'E Park, p. v., Lu:ieme co., Penn^: 113 m. N. E. Harrisburg. HYDE Paee, v., Halifax county, ^\ C\ir. : G4 m. JT. N. E. Ealeigh. Hyde Park, t., p. t., and cap. Lamoille co.. Verm. : 26 m. U. Montpelier. Drained by numerous tributaries of La- moille river, which afford water-power. Surface hilly ; sod fertile, and easy of cultivation. The t. contains a court- house, jail, etc. Agriculture is the sole occnpation. Popu- Jatioa oft, 1,107. HyDESuuKGn, p. v., Kails co., Mo.: on a cr. of Salt r., 62 m. N. N. E, Jefferson City. Hyde Settlement, p. v., Broomo co., 2^. Y. : on tho W. rfde ofTioughnioga cr., 113 m.W. S. W. Albany. Hti'Evillk, p. v., Kutland co., Venru : on the lino of tlie Saratoga and Washington R, R., 3 m. from Caatleton, and 57 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Hydraulic Mills, p. o., Albemarle county, Virg.: 73 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Uyoeia, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 100 m. S. "W. Columbus. HvNDsvTLLB, p. V., Sclioharle co., iV. K ; on Oobbleelall arcek, 2Q m. W. Albany. I. Iberia, p. v., Miller CO., Mo. : abont 2 m. W. of Tavura cr. of Osiige r., 32 m. S. by W. Jcflerwin Cily. Iberi.*, p.j»., Morr.iw co., Ohio: on Ihe line of the Cin. cinnali, t'lcveland, and Columbus E. K., 50 m. N. by K Columbus and 85 m. from Cleveland. iBEKviLLS parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and coifc lains 239 sq. m. It lies on both sides of the Mississippi, and has Iberville and Aniil§ rivers on its E., and Atehafa.- laya and Grand rivers on tho Vi'. Surface level ami very low ; soil very fertile on the rivers, where it is principally cultivated. Corn produces good crops, but cotton and eu gar are the staples, of which large amounts are made and exported. Farms 219; nianuC III; dwell. 638, and pop.— wh, 8.56S, fr. col. llH, si. S.M2— kital 12,214. Orj^ilai Iberville. Ibekvilie (or Bayou Manchac), La.: an ontlet r.f tho Mississippi, about 15 m. below Baton liouge, and uniting it with Amit6 r., which flows into Lake Maurepas. It is nav- igable fur small vessels in time of flood. Ibekville, p. y., and cap. Iberville par.. La. : on the H> banli of the Mississippi, 23 m. S. S. E. Baton Eonge. II contains besides the county buildings, a flne hotel, sevora stores and private dwellings, and is surrounded by a Iraci of excellent cotton and sugar land. Ice's Feeuy, p. o., Monongalia ca, -Virff. : 199 m. N. "W. Eichmond. IcoErtjcKiSASSA, P.O., Hillsboro' CO., Ji'for.; on Ilillsboro" r., 213 ni. S. E. Tallahassee. IciiE3ninic.ii, p. v.. Perry co., Penn,: on a branch of the Susquehanna r., 29 m. N. W. Harrisliurg. Ida county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 4.32 sq. m. Drained by Little Siou.\ t., an aflluenl of the Missouri, and its branches. Unorganized in ISbil. Ida, t, and p. o., Monroo Co., Mich. : 69 m. 8. E. Lanstn'^ It has a rolling surface, a fertile soil, mostly enndy loam, and e.xcellent pastures. The Michigan Southern I;. E. passes through the N., and Ida sta. is 13 ni. from Monroa Pop. of L 345. Ijahbvilu!, p. v., Frederick co., 3f!. : on the N. side of Bush cr., 6 m. from Monocacy r. and ol m. N.AV. Annapolis. The Baltimore and Ohio It. E. passes through Uie v. 51 m. from Baltimore. Ilouestee Mills, p. v., Howard co., Md.: on S. side of Tatapsco r., 24 m. N. W. Annapolis. The Baltimore am! Ohio E. E. passes this v. 13 m. from Baltimore. There aro extensive flouring mills at this place. Ilio.v, p. o., Uerldmer county, K y. : 09 m. W. X. W Albanj-. THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. iLLreoB lies between latitudes 87= OO" and 43° 80' N., and between longitudes STO 49' and 91o 2S' W. from Greenwich, ^ ti Tr!*° '^^' "*^- ''""" ^^"^"""^ton. It Is bounded N. by Wisconsin ; N. E. by Lake Michigan : E. by Indiana- he Wabash E.ver forming tho boundary in half its length ; B. by the Ohio Elver, which separate's lUiuois from Ken- lucky, and W. by the Mississippi Elver, which flows between this State and the states of Wisconsin and Iowa.* The axtreme length of IHinoLs, on tho meridian of Cairo City, is STS miles, and its greatest breailth, which occurs on Ihe parauel of Danville, is 212 miles ; but the average length and breadth are much less. The piTiphery of the State measurer I.10IJ miles, the whole of which, with the exception of 805 miles, is formed by navigable waters ; and its eupcrllcial land area is estimated at 55,406 square miles. As a physical section Illinois occupies the lower part of that inclined plane of which Lake Michigan an.I both its Shores are the higher sections, and which is extended into and embraces the much greater part of Indiana. Down this plane, m a very nearly south-western direction, flow the Wabash and its confluents, tho Kaskaskia, Ihe Illinois and its Buitluents, and the Eock and Wisconsin rivers. The lowest section of the plane is also the extreme southern angle of 1 mois, at Ihe mouth of tho Ohio Eiver, about 310 feet above tide-water in the Gulf of Mexico. Thousli Ihe Slate of lllmois does contain some low hilly sections, as a whole, it may be regarded as a gently inclining plane in the dirceti.m or ila rlrers, as already indicated. Without including minute parts, the extreme arable elevation may bo safely stated at bon feet above tide-w.ater, and the mean height at 550 fceU In some former period, observes Mr. Schoolcraft, there has been an olistniclion in the channel of the Mississippi, at or near Grand Tower, producing a stagnaUon of tho current at an elevaUon of about i:» feet above Uie present ordinary The Ac r.r C"y«» aJMtins tl„. Stat, into tha tJnion pr««ribe«, the boundaric m follovr, : B,;i„„inf; at th. fiioulli ..f tbe W»l,„l, R„<,r D.fnco up the miJJIe of the mam cluinnel thereof to the point where « line drawn due norlli of Viucenncs In.t c ' north f. the m,rtb-«e>.t cirner of the Stale ol Injr.™. thence east with the bounJ. line of the Ihrit BtreaiD, Ihence ilii« irth latitude 4(>» :1IV, thence west [o the t anie .State to the middle of Lake Micb^an, e of the Misst..ippi Itiver. tlienre down the middle thence dne noilh alnns the mi.ljle of said lake to r _ ^.., = „„„„o of the main .hannel Hereof to the nouU, of lb. Ohio Ri.er. thence ap the Inner stream along it« Bonlietn or'ri.'hl'.hure U iu Ih,^ or'blt'in'n in* 803 ILLINOIS. frater-mark. This appears evident from the general elevation and direction of the bills, which for several hundred milea fibove are separated by a valley from 20 to 26 milee wide, that deeply eiubiris ihu current of tlie Mieeissippi- ■Wherever Iheae hills exhibit rocky and abrupt fronts, a scries of wat^-r-linee are diatinclly visil>Ie, und preserve a re- markable parallelism, uniformly presenting their greatest dej)re6sIon toward the sources of the rive-r; and, at Grand TowiT, these wat^r-lines are elevated about one hundred feet above the suramit of tho stratum, in which petrifactions of the madrepora and various fossil organic remains are deposited. Here the rocks of dark-c<3lorud limestone, which per-. Tade the country to a great extent, by their projections toward each o'ther, indieato that they have, at a remote period, been disunited, if not by some convulsion of nature, by theinee.*«ant action of the water upon a secondary formation, and Uial a pjussflge has been effected thr-iugh them, giving vent to Uio stagnant waters on the prairie lands above, and open- ing for the Mississippi its present channel. Next to Louisiana and Delaware, Illinois is the most level Stale In the Union. A small tract in the southern part of the State is hilly, and the northern portion is also somewhat broken. There are, likewise, considt^able elevations along the Illinois liiver, and the bluffs of the Mississippi in some places might pass almost for mountaias. But by fkr the greater portion ot the State is either distributed in vast plains, or In barrens, that are gently rolling liko the waves of tho sea after a storm. Tin: largest prairie In Illinois is denominated tho Grand Pralrio. Under this general name is embraced the country lying Ktwcen the waters ftilling into the Mississippi, and thfwe which enter the ^V abash rivers^ U does not consist of one vast tract, but is made up of continuous tracts with points of Hmher projecting inward, and long arms of prairie ex- tijnding between. The southern points of the Grand Prairie are formed in Jackson County, and extt-nd in a north-eastern course, varying in width from one to twelve miles through Perry, Washington, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, EfBughara, Coles, Champaign, and Iroquois counties, where it becomes connected with the prairit-s that project eastward from the Illinois Kiver. A large arm lies in Marion County, between the waters of Crctoked Creek and tho east fork of the Kas* kaskia Kiver, where the VIncennes road passes through. This part alone is frequently called the Grand Prairie. Mucli the largest part of Uic Grand Prairie is gently undulating, rich, and fertile land ; but of the southern portion, con^ Bideralfle tracts are fiat, and of rather inferior soil. Ko insucmountable olislacle exists to its future population. No por- tion of it is more than six or eight miles distant from timber ; and coal in abundance is found in most parts. Those who have witnessed ihe changes produced upon a prairie surface within twenty or thirty years, consider these extcnsiro prairies as offering no serious impediment to the future growth of the State. Dr. Beck, in his Gazetteer of MUsmtri, published in 1S23, describes the uplands of St. Louis County as generally prairio; but almost all of Lhat tract of countr}' thus deecribed is now covered with a young growth of fine tlirilly timber, and it would be difficult to find an acre of prairie in the county. This important change has been produced by keepiug the fires out of the prairies. The first improvements are usually made on that part of the prairie which adjoins tho timber ; and thus we may 9«e, at the com^mencement, a range of farms circumscribing the entire prairie. The burning of the prairies is then stopped through the wliole distance of the circuit in the ncigiiborhood of these farms, to prevent injury to the fences and other hnprovemcnts. This is done by plowing two or three furrows all round the settlement In a short time the timber •printis up spontaneiiusly on all the parts not burned, and the groves and forests commence a gradual encroachment on the adjacent prairies; by-and-by yoii will see another lii-r of fhrras springing up on the outside of the first, and farther out on the prairie ; and thus farm succeeds farm, as the timber grows up, until the entire prairie is occupied.—- IliiTMis in 1S37. Illinois possesses immense advantages for internal navigation. Its north-eastern comer for fitly miles is washed by the waters of Lake Michigan, which open a communication nith the whole lake-country of the North. The Mississippi Hirer forms its western border, and the Ohio and Wabash rivers demark its southern and eastern limits, t^i^elher firming a natural w.ater highway of unexampled extent. The rivers whieb have their courses within the limits of the State are r.ock. Illinois, Kaskaskia, and Big Muddy, affluents of tlie Mississippi; the Embarras and Little Wabash, tributaries of the Wabash, and the Saline and Cash rivers, wliicli empty into the Ohio. The Illinois is much the largest of these ; it is formed by the union of the Kankakee and Des Plaine3,and in its course of 500 miles tow.ird the Mississippi receives Fox and Spoon rivers, Crooked Creek, and several other streams from the north, and the Vermillion, Mackinaw, Sangamon, and others from the south. The current of the Illinois is in general gentle, w ilh a wide, deep bed— in some places opening into broad and lake-like expanses. Iiin-k liiver rises in Wisconsin, and has a coursa of 3(t0 miles; it is navigable for some distance, but in its upper course is impeded by several rapids. The Kaskaskia rises In the eastern part of the State and pursues a direction nearly parallel to that of the Illinois and Kock rivers, and after a course of ZOO miles reaches the Mississippi in latitude 88° north. The Big Muddy is also a considerable stream. The rivers flowing to tho Ohio and Wabash are generally of less volume than the smaller class of rivers flowing toward the Mississippi, but several are navigable, and all contribute much to the wealth of the country by the abundance of water-power they supply for meciianicjil purposes. The northern portion of Illinois is inexhaustibly rich in minerals, while coal, secondary limeslone, and samlstone aro found in almost every part. Iron ore is also widely distributed. The minerals most common to tho north-western seeti' ; it is found in the ravines and bluffs of the Mississippi, and large veins were struck in excavating the canal below Ottawa. The great coal region, however, extends from central Iowa to northern Kentucky, across the State. Building stones of almost every description are quarried. Sulphur and chalybeate springs exist in several parts of the State, and there are salt springs in Gallatin, Jackson, Ver- million, and other counties. Immense boulders of granite are frequently seen upon the surface. The soils of Illinois, though of such various character, are all highly fi-rtlle and productive. In the bottoms, or alluvial borders of the rivers, the soil is chiefly formed from the dep sun and storm. The winu-rs are oTcrywIiere severe, and the sum- mers hot and [irolongod. The climate is also subject to sudden changes, especially from Nov»mlx:r to May, and below the parallel of 4(P the summer heat is extremely enervating. The prevailing winds are the south-west, which blow for Ihree-founhs of the jear. The north and norlh-westerly prevail in llie winu-r months. On the whole, however, Iha climate is favorable to out-door occupaliims, tbe proportion of clear and cloudy days being as 245 of tlie former to liil) of the latter. Vegetation commences with April, and the Brst killing frost occurs from the 1st W the ISUi September. Tho general salubrity of Illinois is well atle>5te>cl, and few suffer from endemic diseases, except those who are imprudent or eoltlc near swamps and other sources of miasms. In general Illinois is well supplied with timber, and were it equally distributed through the State, there would be 119 part wajiting. The kijids of timber most abundant are uaks of vari'jus species, black and white walnut, ash of several kinds, elm, sugar maple, honey locu.=.t, hackberry, linden, hickory, cotton wood, pecaun, nmlberry, buckeye, sycamore, wild cherry, boi elder, sassalras. and persimmon. In the southern and eastern parts of the Stale, yeUow poplar anil beeeh are the pecuhar growths, and near the Ohio are elurii|w of yellinv pino and cedar. The under growths are red- bud, pawpaw, simiac, phim, crab-apple, grape-vines, di.g-wcKid. spice-bush, groen-brier, hazel, etc. The alluvial soil of the rivers produces colUin-wood and sycamore limber of amazing sizi^ Many valuable mctlicinal plants are fouud in every part of the SUite- Tlie wild animals found in Illinois are slmil.ir to those existing in other parts of tho Gre.it West, but many species have become exlincL Of wolves the species still found ar.- the gray wolf (ciiiiU liijms), the black wolf (ranis li/ction), and tbe common prairie wolf {ttaiis lutrMix). Tho latter is in.>st comnum, and is found in considerable nuniliers. ranthers and wild cats are less frequeutly seen, but occasionally do mischief. The buffalo no longer roams on the prairies, and the deer and bear have retreated fn.)ra the settlements. Foxes, racco(.ns, opossums, gc.phars, and s.iuirrebi, however, are numerous, as are muskrals, otters, and occasoiinlly bcjivers about the rivers and lakcts; but all these aru being destroyed rapidly, and in a few years the trapper and ImnU-r will have to move westward for sport an.l prey. Ducks, geese, swans, and many other aquatic birds visit the waters in spring lime, and the smaU lakes an.l sloughs flxo often literally covered with Ihe prairie fowl, and partridges are also aljun.hml. The bee is found in the trees of every forest, and few States can boast of such variety ami abundance of fish :i.s are here fouinl in Ihe rivers and lake Illinois is divided Into US counties, the general statistics of which and llie capitals of each in 1S50 were as follows: Adams Alexander. Bond Bixinc Brown Dwell . 4,409 . .. 455 . . 1,070 . . i.sr.2 . . 1,363 . Bureau 1,464 , C.'illioun Carroll C^ass Champaign . Christian . . Clarke Ctay Clinlon CoIl^s Cook Crawford . . . Cumlierland De K.-vlb.... De Will Du I":'.ge . . . Edgar! Edwards . . . Efiingham. . Fayelle . . . . Franklin . . Eulton Gallatin ... Greene Onintiy Hamilton .. . Hancock . . Hardin Henderson. Henry Iroquois . . . Jackson . . . Jasper Jefferson . . , Jersey 600 . S14 .. 1.169 . 450. 555 ., 1,621 . 716. 1147 . , 1/.71., 7,674 . 1,192 ., 6«. 1.3i« . 8S1 . 1.56> . 1,703 . 695. 712 . 1,4.S1 . 971 . 8.S11 . 1,000 . 2.ir24 . ■ 543 . 1,1158 . 2,5bo . 4So. . .SOS. 77- , 71S . . 1,089 . .■iSS . l.-MS . 1,222 . Joliaviess. .3,431 . Pop. 26,50S . . 2,454 . . e,144 .. 7.626 . . 7,193 .. S,S41 .. 8,231 . . 4,&-;6 .. 7,253 . . 2.649 . . 3,2(»2 . . 9,532 . . 4,2S9 . . 6,189 .. 9,.S:)5 .. 43,3So . . 7.135 .. 8,720 . . 7/.40 . . 5.(m . . 9,290 . . 10,692 . . S,!i24 . . S.799 . . 8,075 . . 8,631 . . 22,508 . . . 6,448 . . 1*,429 .. 8.0*! . . 6,362 . . , 14,052 . . , 2,Ss7.. . 4,612 . . , 3.S07 . . . 4,149.. . 5,362 . , 3,220 . . 8,109 . . . 7,364 .. . 18,604 . . iiicult. 2,294 . 202 . . 666 .. 897 .. 818 .. 741 .. 205 . . 433 .. 606 . . 273 .. an .. 686.. 237 . . 623 . . 996 .. 1,S57 . . 542 .. 326 . . 612 .. 4S2 .. 960 . . 1,175.. 329 . . 891 .. 826 . . 577 .. 1,942 . . 670.. 1,1.65 . . 837.. 417.. 1,167 . . .326 . . , 420 . . 281 ... 387 .. , 604 . . 2S3 .. 470 .. 645 .. 1,370 . . .llaniif KsUh, . 118 . . 8 . . 17 . . 17 . Capitala. Qiiincy Thebes Greenville Belvidere "3 .. M"tSt<.-rling 20 . . Princeton .. H.ardin 17 .. Mount Carroll 26 . . Beardslown .. Urbana 12 . . Taylorville 14 . . Marshall 6 .. Louisville 3 . . Carly V . Charleston , Chicag.i . Kobinson . Greenup . Sycamore . Clinton . Naperville . Paris . Albion . Ewington . Vandalia . lienlrtn . L.owist'>n . Shawneetown . Carrolltou . Morris . M'Leansboro' . Carthage . Elizabetlitown , . Oquawka . Cambri.lge . Mi.lrlleport . Miirphrysboro . Newton . Mount Vernon . -lerseyville . Galena 20 C<. unties. DwtlL Pop. F»tm« inciilL Mnn.if. Kstnlj. John-son... 713. . 4,118 . .301 . 4.. Kane 2.S2.S . 10,7"2 . 1,015 . 49.. Kendall... 1,-J5S . . 7,730 . . 669. . 0.. Knox 2.193 . . 13,279 . . 619 . .100. Lake 2,455 . 14,226 . 1,695. . 43 . La Salle... 8,074 . . 17,815 . . 1,836 . . 46 . Lawrence . 1,067 . . 6.121 . . 656 . . 26. Lee SOS. . 6,292 . 473. . 12. Living-stiin. . 261 . . 1„=>52. . 135 . . 0. Logan Si)5. . 6,12s . . 476. . 14 . M'D..iii.Hgh . 1,262 . . 7,615 . . 648. . 19. M-Uenry... 2,6.60. . 14,979 . . 1,950 . . 17. M'Lean . . . 1,S61 . . 111,163 . . 916. . 3 . Macon 693 . . 8,933. . 4S7 . . 17. Macoupin . 2,037 . . 12,855 . . 1,133 . . 24 . Madison... 3,490 . . 30,436 . . 1,867 . .132. Mari^.n 1,132. . 6,720 . . 627. . 9. Marshall... . 910, . 5,130 . . 4U . . 11 . MiLSsac . 704. . 4,092 . . 835. . 11 . Mason . 1,041 . . 5,921 . 727 . . 8. Menar.l . . . . 1,086. . 6,349 . . 706 . . 83 . Mercer .... . 892 . . 6,246 . 517 . . 0. Mifnrixi ... . 1,421 . . 7,679 . . S74 . . 38 . M.-ntg-imery 1,' "' . . 6J76. . SU . . 17 . Morgan . . . . 2,601 . . 16.064 . . 1,674 . . 89. Moultrie . . . . 664 . . 8,234 . . 847 . . 1,191 . . 184. Perry . 967. . 5,2W . . 633 . . 7 . Pike 3,152 . . 18,819 . . 1,383 . . 87 . Piatt . 157. . 1,606 . . 168. . 2. P0[(0 . 747. . 8,1175 . . 504. . 12 . Pulaski ... . 4IS . . 2,465 . , 2*6 . . 18. Putnam . . . . 6:56 . 3,024 . 817. . 26 . Pan.lolph.. . 2.046 . 11,079 . . 1,100 . . 36. Richland .. . 7M . 4.012 . . 204 . 3. I'.ock Island 1,246 . 6,937 . 5S5 . 11 . St. Clair... . 3,727 . . 2o,13I . . 1,961 . 62. Saline . 961 . . 5,583 . 673 . 11 . Sangamon .3,173 . . 19,223 . 1,57s. . 92 . Schuyler . . . 1,783 . , 10,573 . . 624. . 52.. CapiuU Vienna Geneva Oswego KiinxviUo Waukcgan Ottawa Lawrcncevillo Dixon Pontiuc Po3tviile Macomb Dorr Bloomington Deailur CarlinviHe Edwards ville Salem Lacoii Melrop'lis City Bath Petersliurgh MiUersburg llarriaonviUe IlilLsboro' JaoksonTillo Sullivan Oregon City Peoria PinckiioyvUle I'itl3fl..-Id Monlioelio Golconda N. Caledonia Hennopia Cli^ster Olney Rock Island B.Mcville Raleigh Springfield EushTtlle 806 ILLINOIS. Counties. Dwell. F,f K.irms Mann Kstab CHpiUls. counties. Dwell. Top. K:irmn til . ult Manuf Kstab. Capitula, BcoU 1^00. . T-.914 . . T12. . 64. . Winohester Washington . 1.25S . . 0.953 . . b29 . . 9. NlWiville Shelby.... . 1.411 . . r,80T. . 834. . 7. . ShelbvviUo Wayne 1,209 . . 6,S25. . 492. . 6. Fairfleld Slark . 694. . s,no. . 848. 28. Tijulon While 1,6.37 . . S.920 . . 1,101 . . 22. . Carmi Stephenson 1,950 . . 11.6156 . . 1,179 . . 76. . Frecport Whitesides. 928. . 5,861 . . 404. . M. SU-rlhig Tazewell . . 1,991 . 12.052 . 1,110 . 76. Treraont Will 2,790 . . 16.703 . . 1,200 . . 94. Joliet Union — , . 1,2S9 . . T,G15 SIO 21 . Jonesboro' Williamson 1.195 . . 7,216 . . 7.52 . . 10. Marion VcrmiUion . . 1,9« . 11.492 . . 1,269 . IS. . Danville Winnebago 1.979 . . 11,778 . . 919. . 02. lioclif.)rd Wabash... . SOS. . 4.C90 . 58-3. 9. . Mount Carmel Woodford . 747 . 4,416 . . 606. . 14. Metamora Warren . . . . 1,401 . . 8,176. . 95G. 43. . Monmouth The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 146.544; of families, 149,16.3; and of inhabitants, 851,470, viz.: whiles, 846,104— m.ales «5,64t, and females 400,460; free colored, 5,366— males 2,756, and females 2,610. Of the whole population, there were, deaf and dumh—\\h. 473, fr. col. 2— total 475; Uhul—wh. 253, fr. col. 4— total 267; insane — wh. 246, fr. col. 8 — total 249 ; and hlwtk- — wh. 36S, IV. col. 3 — total 371. The number of free persons born in tho Vnited Slates was 736.931 ; the number of foreign birlh, 110,593, and of birlh unknown, 3,947 ; the native population originated as follows: Maine 3,693, N. Ilamp. 4,233, Term. 1,331, Mass. 9,230, K. I. 1,031, Conn. 6,>99, N. York 07,180, N. Jer. 6,343, Penn. 87,979, Del. 1,.397. MJ. 6,393, Dist. of Col. 220, Tirg. 21,697, N. Car. 13,351, S. Car. 4,103, Ga. 1,341, Flor. 23, Ala. 1,335, Miss. 490, La. 4'-0, Tex. 6.3, Ark. 727, Tenn. 32,303, Ky. 49,503, Ohio 64.219, Mich. 2,153, Ind. 80.9.53, lUlnois 848,613, Mo. 7,233, la. 1,511, Wise. 1,095, Calif. 3, Territories 16. And tho/o/'oyH population was composed of persons from— England 18,623, Ireland 27,736, Scotland 4.661, Wales 572, Germ.any 83,160, France 3,396, Spain 70, Portugal 42, Belgium 83, Holland 220, Italy 4.3, Austria 65, Switzerland 1,035, P.ussia 27, Denmark 93, Korivay 2,415, Sweden 1,123, Prussia 230, Greece 4, China 1, Asia 2, Africa 11, British America 10,099, Me.\ico 30, South America 12, West Indies 75, Bamhvich Islands 9, and other countries 495. The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the popidation since the Urst census of the Slate taken by tho United States authorities : • Census. year. 1310 . 16^0 . 18.30 156,001 While fernotis. 1I,.501 . CororeJ Persons. Tntal Population. .. 12,282 ... Decennial Increase. nmerival Percent. 1340 . 1860 . Free. Slave. Total. 613 163 781. 5-3,733 606 917 1,428 55,211.... 42.929 349.5 1,037 747 2,834 157.445 .... 102,234 1S5.2 . 472,254 3,593 881 8,929 . .840,104 6,366 — 6,366. . 476,13:3 , 851,470 ... 813,733 202.4 ... 875,237 73,3 Tlie statistics of the weallh and industry of Illinois, as furnished by the general census of 1850 and other official returns referring to that year, are as follows : Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 5,039.545 acres, and unimproved lands, 0,997,367 acres — together valued in cash at $96,133,290. Nutubcr of farms under eultivation, 76,203. Value of farming implements and machinery, $0,40j),561. Live Stock. — Horses, 207,653 ; asses and mules, 10,573 ; miich cows, 294,671 ; working o.xen, 70,150 ; other cattle. 641.209 ; sheep, 894,043 ; swine, l,9Io,910— valued in the aggregate at $24,209,253. In 1S40 there were in the Slate 199,335 hor.-^es, mules, etc. ; 626,274 neat cattle; 595,672 sheep, and l,4,t5.2>l swine. Grain (_'/(i;'».— Wheat, 9,414,575 bushels ; rye, 3:3,304 bushels ; Indian corn, 57,610,9^1 bushels ; oats, 10,1 57,241 bushels ; barley, 110,795 bushels ; and buckwheat, 1*4,504 bushels. The crops of 13.39-40 consisted of— wheal, 3,833,393 bushels ; harley, 82,251 bushels ; oats, 4,933,003 bushels ; rye, 88,197 bushels ; buckwheat, 57,884 bushels ; and Indian corn, 22,031,211 boshed. . . Otiier Crops.— ViKQ, pounds ; tob.acco, 841,394 pounds ; ginned cotton, 1 bale of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 83,814 tushels ; potatoes— Irish, 3.514.S61, and sweet, 157,433 bushels ; hay, 601,932 tons ; elover-seed, 8,427, and other grass-seeds, 14,3S0 bushels ; hops', 8,651 pounds; hemp— dew-rotted,, 142, and water-rotted, 141 tons; flax, 160,003 poimds; flax-seed, 10.7^5 bushels; sugar — maple, 243,904 pounds, and cane, hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molas.>*es, 8.3.54 gallons; wine, 2,997 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $446,059, and of market-garden products, $127,494. The following taljle compares some of the principal staples at Uie two periods, 1340 and 1350 : Slaples. (-1840. 18.W. Movement Tobacco 661,326 pounds 841,394 pounds iner. 277,063 pounds, or 49-09 per cent. Ilerap... 1 , „,., ( 233 tons i Flax...... [ 1,9701 tons ] 160,063 pounds } c'^er. 8,632,817 " or 82-00 « Hay 104,933 " 001,953 tons incr. 437,020 tons or204-96 " Products of Animah.^V! oo\, 2.150,118 (in 1339-40, 650,007) pounds ; butter, 12,620,613 pounds; and cheese, 1,279,225 pounds. Value of animals slaughtered in the ye.ar 1349-50, $4,973,230. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 47 (ill 1539-40, 1,150) pounds ; and beeswax and honey, to that of S05,441 pounds. ITiyme-made Manufadurea for the year ending 80th June, 1360, were valued at $1,155,902. In 1839^0, the raise is set down at $998,507. MannJactureR. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw materials, fuel, etc.. consumed, $0,000,000; average number of bands, 00.000 — males, 0,000, and females, 0,000; average monthly cost of labor — male, 00,000, and female, $00,000 ; annual value of products, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and upw.ard in 1850, was 3,099, and of tliese — were cotton factories, 16 woolen factories, 96 tanneries, and 81 iron manufactories, of which 2ti made castings, 2 pig iron, and wrought iron. The woolen manufactures employ a capital of $154,500 ; and consume annually 396,964 pounds of wool ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $115.367 ; hands employe(l — males 124, and females 64 ; monthly cost of labor— male, J J. 723, and female, $076; cloth manufactured, 300,996 yards, and yarn, 137,000 pounds; value of entire products, $206,572. The tanneries have a capital of $183,378 ; value of hides and skins used, $129,907 ; male hands employed, 240 ; monthly cost of labor, $5,145; sides of leather tanned, 101,650, and of skins, 31,675; value of products, $M4,02S. 806 ILLINOIS. The irm, mnnuftclurcs, under the tbrco separ^Ue h«i.ls as gir>;u in the census, are exhib.led as follows-m *" """o- f„.inr,. at uiaircm ih- eapilal invesu..! amounts tu $05.(100 ; ore consnrae.1, 6,500 tons, and coke and charcoal, 1 ,0.000 to.heh • yahie of all r.iw material. J15,.-iO0 ; hands employed, Ifxl ; monthly cost of labor $3,810 ; pig iron produced, 2,700 loM • value of entire produela, tT0,2(M ;-and in the manuraclurc of «,.»« ,>«,, $2C0,400 is invented ; matwiai consumed ni,- Iron 4 SIS l-ms old metal 50 tot.s, mineral coal 1,412 tons, .an.l coke and charcoal 12,5<» bushels-Toluod m the ,■«- irre^te at*n2,3:30: hands employed, 332, at average monthly w:«e.« lf2S 50: casting, ma.le,4,lf,0 tons; and c^lur prf>- fucte to the value of tm.m ; toUd value of products, ?441,1'~5. According to the "-"^s no ,cr,n„^.t ,r„n ,s manulac- toed in the '^tate The tot.M capital invested In the mannfa.-tur* of iron is thus $325,400 ; the > aluo of ra« n-ater.al, fuel etc consumed. $1S7,S.'!0; the Bimual cost of labor, $UW,2M; and the value of pro.1uets,$r,n,3s6. , ,.^ The inanufacmre^s, othenvLsc than those enumerated, consist elnefly of U.c various trades and meehamo art, Tvh.ch Jam- exist in agricultural SUtU-s, as saw, grist, oil, flour, and other mills; wh«-lwright shops; ttgr.cuUural irnplemen fcetorils"«.,etc: which, taken togolher an,l in cmmecion «ith the staple uu.MUfacturc* above UcUtkdi exh.b.l a very rosncclabic c'-ndilion of the country in relati.'n to this hrtmrh of industry. . ^ „, „ , Zln tU,n<.rc..-Thc direct foreign commerce of llhnois is chiefly with the British prnvinces. Tlte ^p,^^ .all of aorn^l ..r .in, for the v«r ending 30,h .lune, 1S60, were valued at $lT.6 Ml ton.s) of which 6 C99S tons) were foreign. The shipping owned in the dLstrict of Chtcago on the 30th .Tune, 1 WO, ^™n" lo 2U42 tons, all -'permanent n-gister," and engaged in the c-oasflng trade, and of th,s M9 tons w« nav- a d b - t am. The total number of ,-e-ssels built in the district during U.e year as above was 13 ( ,691 '™»); " ;*; ■ ^ i^aleu 1.1 aea „..amer The statistics of the forvign commerec for several years exhibit the fol- rr„g-?.;w 'iu T«7 ■^^SinJif $47,^5. in 1S4S rss,41T. and la ISM *n,0C9 ; and >..,^,. in 1S47 »26C. in 1S.S *'^^::,i'!!lcw;::' T.X^^^ of intoma, c^nnmnnicnuon in Illinois, except in one or two ftvored l,.a.- nie are a t very limitd. Some of her interior rivers are navigable, and a ™r.lon of navigable water almost Insula es Uos"tc but unti access lo these be facilitated by railroads, their use to commerce must be comparatively small. Never- U el«s rfi'cre a few ports that equal Chicago in its comtnerce, and Alton on the Mississippi is fast rising into importance nor fia ena to be left unnamed in the list of commercial places. At these ports, as weU asthc.e onihe Illinoi, Kiver attd Can'd a vit amount of business is transacto,l-that of Chicago with the East, an,l that of Ordcna, Altori, etc., chiefly wih S^SoiUh The lnter,.sla of the two sections ar^ partially blended by the canal which opens the lakes to thebouh ! Id We t' and will bo completely united, when the vast system of railroads in course of eonslrnetio,. s brought into actton The length of railroad now in operation within the State is 2S7 miles; the length m progress is 1.822 miles ; and S Men.'lh proiected and surveyed about 6.W miles. The principal poiiits.from and to whieh he several lines exX-nd f^e-Chcago '1^0 at iciest seven lines centre; Alton, which is the terminus of tlire-e lines ; «alcna,wh,c^ ,s em.necUHl wUh Ch ISo on 11.0 east, and Cairo on the south ; Cairo, where the great central railroad cmiects wi h he Mobile and i rai road; Kock Island, the west tenuinus of the Chicago an.l Koek Island Kaiiroad; and on the Indiana line \ m- ^nni Terre name, etc., from which latter places the principal cast and west lines pass, uniting the system o 1 lino, Wi h moIJof indiankoh'io, etc. All the line, referred to w.ll be conip.eted within *--' J^^^ ^-J^f^'^ ^ ,^^ ,^^ Illmois will have Ihirlv entercl upon that great commercial deslmy that awaila her career. Ihe p oportion "<■""'! l'-"' n'ilroadrio superfleie; in this St.L in January, ISM, Va. a. 1 mile of r.x.1 Ui eve,> ISJ squaxo mUcs, a»d to Ui. fopula- "i::^"r!r^^::im:7^!;l S'Lu of minols on ,he ist January, 1S51, wa. as l^Uow, ; -^ebts of aU kinds duL $706,s90 57 ; real estate at aist, $747,.'.75 05 ; lllitiois State tands, $17,501 M, and interest $20,240 4S ^h.u.is Sacs rip $14 ^5 20, and eou,x,ns, $.l,75<. 30 ; sundry sl,x-I;s, »9;C74 99; .iue by other banks an.l bankers $1S,85S 9. Soa scnp, ji4,ooj "_ '.,ir»V,f,M ■«• total $1 675 5.M 94; .an,l U«hUitlf« other than to stiwkh.ildcrs-bonds ft^i^'tT^dt ;t^^'^^-'t!n:a,:"^ notes .and oertifieates ouLL.1 „g. $21s.t.7S 01 ; total. $445,190 90. All ,>ther banks in operation at the present , m.^ 16 " 17 r number, are organised' under the Free Bank.ng Lav, of U.e Sl^te, and th. no^-s ar. considered to be we.l secured, having government bonds and st7;'--- "' ^^f^^'^^^ .'^ ;^, ,Xn "e St^e 3 rears old, and have been resident in the Slate for 5 years; .md representatives nu be ^ and ha» ^ ,,p„,,„,„,iv,.s fears. These numbers may be incrcascxl when the population amounts to l,,>oo,o,«), hut the " "''^^'^ J Lust never exceed 100. Pay of members $2 a day for 42 .lays, an.l $1 a day alU-rwarJ. In H.ruiing senatorial r,pre s^ntative district*, the raimber of «/„fc inhabit.ants is only to be regarded. ^^^ g^^,^^ The Governor Iselected q,.adreniii.ally by a plurality of votes. Ue must Ik. ■!■' T^-^ ™ ^ of Government, and is and a resident of the State for the 10 year, next prece.ling. The Governor ''^V'^^^'' "' '"^!,' °Vy mJlify the Govor- aot eligible for re-c-lection at aconsecu.ive term. A m.ajority of the members elected ^: «" '^™^4'"" J.f,™'^^„„, ^, ,„« nor-s «.to on any act of the legislature. The Ueuten.ant-Govcrnor ^^r^^^^^^J^^^X^^^^ and he Gov,.nior ; and in case of the death or disability of tluj duef execuuic, the Liculcnaul-trt»..rni r ,u.w .u b al5o,v-'iAVio Tresiilent of the Senate. divided into three CT-.ui'l Tl,e.i,i.U,.arv- consists of a Supreme Court, Clr^tt Courts and '^l^ ,^^^ ^^'^l^^: ^1 judicial diMsion.,, each of whieh elecU.a Judge for nine V^"'- "'^"^'^^^^'^^^^.^^X.MheJurLsdietion of which is State,,, un,l reshlent in the State five years; and the >h-e "dgc- '^Z^^^^^^^ some 'impcichmenls-in all other original in ca.scs relat.ng to the revenue cases of '» ■■'"'' '^'^'^f^rj,,!, ^e session in each division annually ; .asc-s app.-llate. One of the judge, is elected every ''^'''^J'^.'^^JXsTZ^r, 2d division, at Springfleld, on the third ILLINOIS. of wbtch electe a judge for six years, who must be 80 yeare of age, and otherwise qualified as are judges of the Supreme CourL Judges are not eligible to any other office during tlieir tcrai. nor for one year ai^er. Cook County ha^ a District Court of Common Pleas. Kach county elects a judgu for luur years, who holds a county court for the tranwiclioD of county and probate business, with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. Among Ibe i)rovisiun8 pf the ConsUtulion are the following: no State bank can be created nor revived ; acts creating banks must be submitted to the pcoide and receive a majority of votes in llieir favor to become law ; stockholders are individually liable to the amount of their shares; corporations not for banking purposes maybe established under general laws; slavery and lotteries are prohibited ; duelling is a disqualification for office ; colored persons, free or slave, are not permitted to come into the Stale. To alter the Constitution, the amendments must bo passed by a two-tblrds vote of the whole number of members elected to boLh houses, published and referred Uy the next legislature, and if passed again by a majority, tlicn they miwt be submitted lo the people, whose approval by a majority vote makes Ihem law. The c:dling of a convention to amend the Constitution, if recommended by a two-thirds vote of the legislature, is submitted to the people, and if a majority of votes are in its favor, the convention shall be called by Uie succeeding legislature. Amendments can be proposed to but one article of the Constitution at one session. The niititia of Illinois, according to the Army Kegister fi>r 1S51, consists of 170,359 men of all arms, of which 4,613 are commissioned oflicers, and 16i),741 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and j)rivate3. Ofthe commissioned ofBccra 80 arc general officers, 99 genera! staff officers, 1,297 field officers, and 3.192 company oflicers. The principal State benevolent in^itntioji is the Asylum for the Dc-af and Dumb at Springfield. This Institution was opened in January, 1S46. The number of pupils in January, 1S49. was &>, of whom 26 were females; and 10 were from Missouri and 1 from Iowa — the remainder from Illinois. The annual session commences tlie first Thursday in October. Fimivc^^ Puhlie Debt, etc. — The receipts into the treasury for the two years ending 3*3th November, J.S50, were $402,179 27, of which $394,103 53 was derived from taxes, and $8,075 74 from all other sources; and the expenditures for the !*ame period amounted to $326,120 27. of which $137,190 10 was ordinary expenses of the government, $7S,436 90 special appropriations and expenditures, $4,G1S 93 interest on funds due deaf and dumb asylum, $105,G9S OS issued to scliool commissioners, and $170 lt> interest i)aid on old warrants. The receipts lor the two years exceeded the disburse- ments $76.i-)53. The amount of Interest fund tax received for the same period was $296,320 89, and the amount of Intcnst paid was $'26;3,i>34 50. The whole amount of real and personal estate subject to taxation in 1S49 was $Hjp,432J53, upon wliith the Slate tax was $012,428, but which netted oidy $578,703 31. In lS.i(i the value of taxable property amount- ed to $114,782,045 ttrue or estimated valuation according to the census $150,595,000). The aggregate ofthe i)ublic debt on the 1st January, 1.^51, was $10,6-27,5'.'9 91 ; of this $S,7S4,4S1 4S was state debt proi>cr, and $7,S43,028 43 the oanal debt. These two debts are explained as follows: BTATE PKBT. Principal debt ftinded under act of 1S47..... 15,590,565 86 Interest on same to same date 1,020,278 IS Arrears of interest fundef $939,7l*s 90. The whole of this sum has been borrowed by the State, which pays six per cent, interest on the amount. The interest on the common school fund is $47,407 23, which is divided among the several counties in proiwrtion to the number of white children under 21 years of age. In 66 counties that made returns for the year 1S50, there were 2.611 organized districts and school-houses, of which 1,370 were log- bouses, 925 frame, 139 brick, and 37 st*)ne, and of the whole number 106 contained more than one room. There were school libraries in 103 districts. The tot;d amount of public moneys paid out for teachers' wages during the year was $148,871 09; amou?U. other than public moneys, $81,841 20—101.^11 cost of teaching, exclusive of buildings, repairs, etc., $230,712 29. The principal colleges in the Suite are, Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded in 1829. and in 1850 it had 7 professors, 93 alumni. 34 students, and a library of 3.000 volumes; ShurtlefT College, at Upper Alton (Baptist), founded in IS35, and in 185'l it had 6 professors, 3 ahunni, anu volumes. ShnrtletT College has connected with it a theological seminary ; and at Chicago is located the Eush Medical School, founded 1842, and in 1850 it had 6 professors, 70 .'^tudent.s, and 16 graduates. Puhlw Lihrarim. — Oni- State Library of 4,OilO volumes, 9 social libraries of 2,821 volumes. 4 college libraries of 8,120 volumes. 2 student's libraries ()f 62.-» vrdumes, 2 academic libraries of 2,000 volumes, and 16 public school libraries of 2,850 volutiies~tot"l 27 libraries, and 19.910 volumes. PerindUtd Pre^ts, c(c.— The whole number of newspapers and other periodicals published within the State Is 119, of which 73 arc pohtical, viz. : 39 whis and 36 democratic, and 43 are devoted to litoralurc. science, religion, etc. ; and 10 are published daily, 4 tri-weekly, 94 weekly, and 11 at other periods. The daily papers have an aggregate averago ILL ILL circulation of3,5S0 onpios, the tri-weekly of 1,650 copies, the weekly of 69,47"3 copies, and thoee published at other period of 14,G25 copies. Of the eleven periodiciils published at other periods, aa above, 3 aro semi-inuiilhlies, 7 mgullilies, ] quarterly, and one is issued eight limes a year. Iteligioua Demniiination^. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50 aro exhibited in tho folltjwiug table: De'nom mn- No. nf ri,ur.:li Val.if of DennnnoB No, of CtM.nh li..i.». C hurtliett. arxiiti. Pro|.«Tt.v. lions, rhur. Left. B<'<'t,tll. Baptist .205 .. 91,620 . »2li4,nu5 Gorman Kef. 2 . . ISO Chri9ti;in... . 67 .. 8!l.7.'4 . . 4-'.960 Jc'Wisli — , . — Congrecal'l. 46 .. IS/iTG . 8'J,2oO Lutheran 40 .. 16.440 Dutcll lU-f. . . 3 .. S75 . 2,700 Menn,mit^.. . — ,. _ Episcopal , . . 27 . . 14,01(0 . . 7S,,SW Metlioclist...8S!) . , 176,474 Fri-e . 2 .. T50 . G,400 Moravian 2 ., 400 Friends . . . . . 6 .. 1,5.J0 . . 2,S40 I're8byterian.l9S . . SI ,529 $31i> 40.1'20 827,20<) SfM) D«n< Cl.u R. Catholic. . 5S . Swedenbor'n. 1 , Tunker. 4 . I'nion 31 . I'nilarian ... 6 . I'nis-ersalist . 4 . Minor Seeta.. 17 . Cl.iirrl, TBlueot Bccom, Properry. 29,000 . . $220,400 140 . 800 1,22.5 . 2,250 S,S7.'. . . 82,060 l,!ino . 9.000 1,300 . . 11,500 6,S90 . . 11,050 Making a total of 1,167 eliurehes, having: aecomniodation for 6:i6,47^ persons, an-l \'ulucd at $1,476,335. The State con- stitutes the Trotef-Iant Kpiscopal diocese of Illinois and tho Roman Catholic dine<"*se of Chicago. Paiij)erism.—T]u^ whole numlx-r of paupers who received sujiport within the year ending June 1st, 1850, was 797, of which number 376 were native bi>rn and 411 foreign ; and at the date specified the number of paupers on the list was 434. of which 279 were native and 155 foreign born. ■ Tlie cost of supporting those had been during the year $45,213. irU'toj'if.'al Sketch. — The name which now pertiiins exclusively to this State was, during a great part of the last century, bestowed upon all tliat vast country which lies north-west of the Ohio, and wns derived from the River Illinois, which in the indigenous language signifies the J^ir-er c/ Mt^n. The first settlemenl-s were made by the French, and were the con- sequence of the enterprise of La Salle in search of the Mississippi. This traveler set out from Canada in 1C70, and passing across the lakes to Michigan, descended the Illinois Kiver. Aflor examining the country, with which he was greatly pleased, he returned to Canada, leaving Cliev. d^ Tonle in command of a araall fort he had built and named Crfivooteur. "While in Canada he procured a number of volunteers Ut unite in the scheme of forming a settlement on tho Mississippi in the Illinois country. They reached their destination in 1673, and founded the villages of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and several others of less note ; here La Salle left his colony, while he descended the Mississippi to its mouth. Soon after this settle- ment, many enterprising persons explored the country In search of mineral wealth, and after the establishment of a colony Bt the mouth of the Mississippi, Iberville, the French governor, in company with others, undert-j-ik a similar expedition. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the selllcmeiits in Illinois are represented to have been in a flourishing condition. Kaskaskia had become a considerable town before any great progress had been made in the setllemenla on the Lower Mississipid ; and one who calculat^-d the future by what the present exhibited wouhl have soon little reason to foretell the rapid growth of Louisiana and the decline of Illinois, which afterward occurred. The descriptions givcQ of Illinois by French writers were of the most captivating kind — its beaulilul scenery, its fertile prairies, its supposed (now realized) mineral wealth, were painted in glowing colors, and a new paradise was opened to Frenchmen on the banks of the Illinois; and to add to the attractions of the country, a momistery of Jesuits was estal>lishoi Phiines rises in "Wisconsin, a few miles above the buundary of Illinois, and about 6 m. from Luke Michigan. It nins a S. course ovt-r a betl of limestone, and through a tertile country. Grfive,-, of timber are fouml on its banks, and are intersixr.ied through the vast prairie region. In many places along its banks rock is abundant, and in some measure compensates the comparative scarcity of timber for buildings and fences. This r. is frequently written Aux Plaines or OTlane. The Kankakee rises in the N. part of Indiana, near the S. bend of St. Joseph's r., and runs a westL-rly course \nXfi Illiiiois, where it receives tho Iroquois, and forms a Junction with the Des Plaines in section 35, Uiwnship 34 N., and range S E. fVom the third principal meridian. Here is a large body of fine timber, but along 809 ILL IND the river itself there is Tery little. It U a rapid stream, and runs through a limestone bed. (See Kankakek r.) The Illinois, formed by these two main constituents, is the Iar£;e?t navigable river within the State. From iho junction it runs nearly a W. course for part of the dist.'Cuee over the Grand Kapids to Ottowa, at the mouth of Fox r., receiving Au Sable from the N. and Little cr., or Mazon, from Mie S. Along this line, and especially at Marseilles, there is im- mense waler-powtr, but no convenient nuvigati3 E. part of Fultxjn co., where for many miles the "W. bank of the r. below the bluffs is a low, swampy region, intersixirscd with strips of land elevated above high water, the most conspicuous of which is Bailey's Island, or Liverpool, handsomely situated above the highest flood. Near Ilavanna, on the E. side, is a lagoon or slough, ■which in former times w:is frequently mistaken fv»r tho main stream, and directly opfMjsito that villiLge Spoon r. comes in from the N. E. Pursuing the course of the r. downward the mouth of Otter cr., from the W., is passed, and oue or two other trifling streams, and at the N. W. corner of Cass 00. the Sangamon r. flows in. Sugar cr. comes in from the W., near the bluCTs of which is located Schuyler City. Six mfles below Beardstown, Crook cr. enters from the W., and a fcw miles farther down, Indian cr., which loses itself in the inundated bottoms before its waters enter the Illinois. M'Kee's cr., from the W.. enters tho Illiriuis 2 m. below Naples, and 2 m. below that, from the E., the.Mauvaise Terre. Passing Big and Little Blue rivers, two maguificeut Btreams from the W., Ihc Sandy, from the S. \V. part of Scott c^>,, enters the r. Macoupin cr., Otti^r, Kacciwu, and other creeks, enter the r. farther down. At Naples the Illinois turns to a more southerly course, which it pursues till within G ra. of the Mississippi, where it benence, p. T., and cap. Buchanan co., la.: on the E. side of Wabsipinicon r., 59 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. I* has a court-house-, etc., and about SO dwellings. Independence Hill, p. o., Prince William co., Vlrg. : &1 m. N. Kichmond. Independence river, N. TI; an affluent of Black r. It rises in Hamilton co., and flows W. to its confluence with the Black, about 2 m. E. of Martinsburg. INDE.s\^LLE, p. v., Sujry CO., A'". Car,: 127 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. THE STATE OF INDIANA. Indiana* lies In tho form of a parallelogram between Ohio and Illinois, and extends from Michigan, on tho north, to the Ohio Paver, on the sonth. Geographically, it is situated between the latitudes 37° 51' and 41° 4G' north, and between the longitudes S5^ 49' 30" and SS^ 2' 30" west from Greenwich, or '^^ 47' 30" and 11^ 0' 8*)" from Washington. Its ex* treme length from north to south is 276 miles, and its greatest width 176 miles ; but its average length is only about * Tl.e definite bonn.tariM of tb« Ktnt», according to tl.« orJinain:e c.f Consr©*^, d:\leJ lOth April, laifi, are at followB : " Rf.uoded on tlie ta$t by III© muriilifin line wliir-l. fnrma th« western lioiindary r-f tliO Slnto of Ohio, bfJng; a nurUi line from tUe m..iilli nf tbe Miami ; on tbe touth by llie river Ohio. Trom tlie moiilli of llie Grent Miami ti> the moulhVf \\\n river Wab.isb ; on the viett by ii line dnivrii alon^ tlie middle of the Wnbasb friim it* moulli to a pniht wliere a diio norlli lino, drnwn liom the town of Vincenne,'*, would laal loncb tlio nor lb -western shore o( llie said river, and frnm llienre by adiie nortli line milil tli« natne shall interaort an east and west liiia drawn through a point tea CoJea noflli of the soutLerQ exUvme of t.ak» Uichigui ; on tba varlh by th« saiil east aoil west lioe," ate,, to baginaiiig. 810 INDIANA. a42 miles and iU average breadth not more tlian 103 miles; aud within these limits the area of its suiierticies ia 33,309 square miles. The "'eneral features of Indiana are those vhioh pertain to ail countries where mountain, iu the strict sense of the word is wanting; for if we except the river-hills and the aecunuUatioiis of sand on the southern sliore nf Lake Mieliigan, no portion of Uie countrj- has any continuous or defmile elevation which even a (lorid imagination could dignify by sucU a term, and all of mountain that really appears is a few isolated "knobs,'' which serve only to diversify the scenery. Nearly' two-thirds of the Stale is level, or at most, undulating, and a most singular featm-c of the country is the absence of any waU-rshcd or dividing ridge, such as almost every geographical region presents, from which the waters flow in dilTerent directions ; still, however, the country has continuous slopes of great extent, and the differciice in elevation of the highest land and the Ohio Itiver at the Falls is nearly COO feet, and a consUerable difference is observed (about 70 feet) between the levels on the Ohio, at the Falls, and at the mouth of the Wabash, the latter being the lowest. The river-hills, of which previous mention has been made, extend at various distances from, and parallel to, the courses of the Ohio and i.ther slre-ims, and inclose what are termed the bottom-lands, which are chiefly covered with a rich alluvial soil, and thickly set with forests. These hills, along the Ohio Kiver, are generally as high as the highest levels of the Ulterior, often of a riissed and broken aspect, and where torn through by the tributaries of the Ohio, present much imposing scenery. Behind "these a table-land spreads out and fornis what with propriety may be termed the interior of the (»untry ; and now every thing Is changed. Instead of the bottoms.wilh their mighty forests, the most various landscape appears ; here are extensive groves of oak, ash, and other trees— there vast prairies, sea-like in their dimenr sions, and with untroubled surface ; here the land undulates or rolls, as if formed into billows, by the dalliance of soft winds, and occasionally hills, rising from 100 to Suo feet high, remind us of a tempest-tossed sea, when the waves accu- mulate in their mighL There is such a marked diCTcrenee between the several parts of the country, however, that no general description could embrace \ks topography, and hence it is necessary to det;iil its princip.al characteristics and its divisions as indicated by nature. 1. The Ohio Valley, including that of the White Water, contains some 5,000 square miles. This is a limestone region ; it was originally clothed with heavy forests ; and the soil in the bottoms, bill-tops, and sides is very rich. The hills are abrupt and broken, and the numerous tributaries of the Ohio Kivcr break through them in every direcUon. Many of these streams in dry weather show only the marks where the torrents have disappeared aknost as soon as the storms which occasioned them. Of this lilvision of the State, about two-thirds is good larnilug land, and the residue either too hilly or the soil too poor for prolilable culture. The poorest part is in the flats at the head's of the streams. 2. The White Kiver Valley extends from tho Wabash centrally through the Stale to the Ohio line, and covers about 9,000 square miles of surface. It is almost uniformly level and hcarily timbered, except in the western parts, where there are some prairies and barrens, and ranges of low nigged hUls. The whole valley is destitute of rock, and the soils are of the richest kind, with little that is unprotltable. Most of the streams are clear and never-tailing, aud water-power is generally abundant. 8. Tlie Wabash Valley is the largest division, aud embraces an area of upward of 12,000 square miles. It interlocks with the valley of the White Uivcr, and the eastern portion resembles it. It is equally fertile, but more broken. The middle part of the valley has abundant water-power, but in the upper aud lower parts it is less plentiful. From the river-hills, on the Ohio, to the Wabash, the surface is an inclined plane, and it is not a little curious to And streams, the head wafers of which are near the borders of the Ohio Valley, traversing toward the Wal.asli, a river so much farther distant from their sources. 4. The north part of the State, watered by the St. Joseph's and the Kankakee, is much similar in its general character to the Wabash country, but is, perhaps, more swampy, and uear the lake tlie country has extensive sand-hUls, which are covered only with stunted and shriveled pines and burr-oaks. Indiana has numerous flne rivers, but for navigable purposes few of them except the Ohio, Wabash, While, etc., arc at all eligible ; most of them, however, afl-ord valuable water-power. The Ohio, the flnal reservoir of the principal water- courses of the State, borders the whole country on the south, from the mouth of the Miami to that of the Wabash, a distance, by the river's course, of 8S0 miles. Between these two points few streams of any volume empty into it, and none exceed 30 or 40 yards in width at their mouths. Laughery, Indian Kentucky, Silver, Indian, Blue, Anderson, Big I'igeon, Little Pigeon, etc., are the principal. The White Water joins the Miami six miles above its entrance into the Ohio. The Wabashrwhi'ch rises in Ohio, runs first north, then north-west, then west, then south-west, then south, and again south- west, making the whole distance to its junction with the Ohio, upward of 600 miles, of which more than one half is navigable. Its principal tributaries are: from the south and east, the Salamonie, Mississincwa, Wild Cat, Sugar or Eock, Eaecoon, White, and Paloka rivers; and from the west and north. Little Wabash an.i Embarras rivers in Illinois, Termilllon in both Stales, and in In.liana altogether, Tippecanoe, Eel, and Little rivers. White Uivcr, the most imperlaat of these, empties into the Wab.aah, 100 miles above its mouth ; the West Fork, iU longest branch, rises in Ilandolph Couiitv, near the Ohio line, and runs in a south-west direction, receiving in its course Eel Elver, Fall Creek, etc. ; and the East Fork, the principal tributaries of which are Salt Creek, the Muscatatuck, Sand Creek, Clifly, Flat Eock, and Sufar creeks, rises in Eiplcv County, and has a western course to its junction with the West 1-ork— the two form- in' White Itiver propcr-about tftly miles from its entrance into tho Wabash. The St. .Joseph's and St. Mary's form the Manmee, which passes to Ohio and Lake Erie. Another St. Joseph's and its tributaries, the Elkhart, etc., pass thron-h the northern tier of counties, and ultimately fall into Lake Michigan. The Kankakee, tho principal Ijrancli of the Illinois Kiver, rises ne.ar South Bend, and runs sluggishly through the north-western counties for 100 miles, and m its course receives Y.llow Kiver, a stream about 50 miles long ; extensive marshes everywhere bound its course. Deep and Calumic rivers lie near and south of Lake Michigan, and in some places are only separated from it by banks of sand. The Iroquois or IMckamink rises south of the Kankakee, and runs neariy parallel to it for 50 miles, and .loins It in Illinois. Besides Lake Michigan, on the northern border, there are numerous other but small lakes in dilferent parts of the State principally to the north of the Wabash Elver. Several of them have no outlets; they are generally clear, however, and have sandv shores and botloms. Ttiey seldom exceed a few acres in extent, though some at the head of Tippecanoe Eiver and Turkev Creek, and near La Porte, cover several hundred acres. Mexaneukkee Lake, a beautiful sheet of water in Marshall County, is throe mUes long and half as broad; and Beaver Lake, six miles long and three miles wide, covers 10,000 acres. AU ■these lakes abound in fish, and form in the surrounding scene objects which attract tho gaze of the traveler. , ., „ ,^ - , . Tho concluding chapter of the Eeport of D. D. Owen on the Geology of Indiana, thus suins up the results of Ins rccon- noissance on that topic : ■• Three geological formations exist in Indiana. 1st, a bituminous coal f.)rm,ation, oeeupymg that DOrtinn of the Sfil.. w,st of Ilie second principal meridian : 2d, a limestone f,.rniation (similar to tho mountain limestone of Furopean ^eolo<.isL«1. prevailing in the counties east of that meridian ; 3d, a dUuvium, consisting of deposits of clay, INDIANA. Band, gravel, and boulders, overlying;, and in many pUices covtTing: up, the two other furmatinns to a prcater or less depth, parlioularly in Ihe northern part of llif Stale. Nnw, as in this country no perfect seams of biLuminous cual are faiind aasociatt^d witli calearoous doposila, similar to those of Middle and Eastt-ra Indiana, the g:eolog;ist can confldenily predict thai it is a waste of time and labor to search for coal in any part of the State cast of this eecond meridian — fur instance, aa has been dune in Iho neighborhood of the black biluminoua aluminous slate, stretching north in a narrow band, com- mencing at Now Albany, in j''li>yd Oiunty, and extondini; through part of Clarke, Scott, Jennings, Bartholomew, Decatur, and probably beneath tho diluvium in a northerly direction toward ElkharU If we were to speculate?, from geoiogical observation?, on the l\iture condition of Indiana, we should say thai the western counties are destined to become one day the chief manufacturing counties; since, with a few exceptions, all large manufacturing towns and dislriots are situated on the coal formation. The freestones of this formation being soft and flasUe, owing to the existenca of mica disseminated in layers thmugh their substance, anil to the ferruginous cement 'A'hich unites their particles, being liable to undergo alterations by tho action of the atniospiiero up'^n it, a careful selection by tho builder is always iieces- *ary. In several plaoes, particularly toward the base of the Ibniuition, or ne;u- its eastern lioundary, as at Attica, "WUliams- porl, on Pine Creek, and near tlic French Lick, with a littlo care, freestone, white and flue grained, and excellently suited fbr architectural purposes, ifiay be readily obtaineil. In cliaracler and geographical position it resembles tlie celebrated Scotch freestone, of which the new town of Edinburgh, and a portion of the town of Glasgow are built. At New Ilanuony there is a quarry ccurs in tho new rod sandstone, a formation higher and of more recent origin liian the bituminous coal formation ; w hile on the Holston, a tributary of the Tennessee Kiver, there Is a fino Bait deposit, surrounded by gypsum or plaster of Paris, lying on the grauwacke formation. Two or three salt wells have been sunk in the knobs e^ist of IJIoomington, through the stlieious beds belonging to the sub-carboniferous group. The talt is of excellent quality ; but tlie water has hitherto proved too wcJik to afford a fair profit, The boring after <*alt is, in tnUi. at all times attended witli considerable uncertainty. Quantities of argillaceous iron ore — fro'm which i. Great ^tain 6110,000 t<*ns of iron are annually obtained — occur in some of the clay slates of the bituminous coal formation •f Indiana. Some oflhe clay slales answer well for fire-brick ; that now excavated near Troy is to be manufactured into flrc-brick for sale — an important article of commerce in a country where steam-engines are so extensively used, and Indispensable where furnace operations are carried on to any extent. Some of our clays in the coal formation answer %ell for the manufacturing of stone-ware and gray pollery-ware: such wares are now mannfactured from them at Troy. Since I tirst called the attention of iho proprietors to the e, Owen, and Putnam — make good building materials. The encrinital limestones in Harrison. Wjishiugton, Jackson, Bartholomew, and Morgan counties, are alsi) very suitable for that purpose; but the silicious strata, or sand rocks, in these counties, are generally soft and crumbling, and by no means durable. The only use thiit the black bituminous aluminous slate, e put to, is for the manufacture of alum. The sub-carboniferous group affords a water-lime, which appears to be a OomjKiund chiefly of liniesUine and clay, with some bituminous matter. It is associated with the black bitximinoua aluminous slate above mentioned. Some of the limestone in '\\s neighborhOiid — for instance, those rocks which are eiciivat^Hl at the top of Ihe hill Ivchind Mmlison — contain green earth, and some are impregnated with bitumen and ^Iphurel of iron. In malclng a s/'lection of building materials In such strata, care should be taken not to use any such unless Uieir durability has been well tested, fur they are geneiTilly liable to decay. The fossiliferous limestones of East Indiana, namely, those found in Jefferson, Switzerland, Dearborn, Itipley, Franklin, Fayette, and Union counties, aro durable rocks, and Bome of them make beautiful marbles. The sub-carboniferous formation of Indiana is identical *Tith the formatiun occurring in Middle Tennessee, In which the ennrmous deposits of Ihc hydrated brown oxide of iron, OonslHuling so much of the mineral wealth of that State, are found. The deposits of this kind of ore in Indiana, how- Over, allhough fiiund in the same formation, are not ass(x-IaLed with exactly the same strata. In Tennessee Ihey are in the silicious strata, just above the encrlnital limestone : thoso at present discovered in Indiana are either resting on tho twlitic series of limestone, or near the bituminous aluminous slate. The soil in' Crawford, Lawrence, Orange, Monroe, Owen, and Putnam c*:)unties, being formed chiefly from the oolitic limestones, has a calcareous character, and is admira- bly adapted ft)r the growth of grasses. Clay will be founear3 to be a siliceo-calcareous fcand, resting uixin a clay bottom; this I oi.mceiTe to be the reason why it is so much more productive than its external appearance promiac-e. These points, however, I intend moro fully U) verify by analysis so soon aa I can get samples 312 INDIANA. . ^ — - ~ ; ,,„,„ fnrme.i chicllv from ocular observation, and reasoning from gen- of all the rarioUB soUs. As yet, my op.mon '="''^_^J^™f, .;'„,, i„,p,,^„.tod w„h carbonie acid ; tb., ac.in, as . eral i.rib.iples. The «-aU,-r in tl.e nortb-wes tern =<>" '^» ^ uo^ ^he""''-^ " »'=^^'^ *™' '" "" '^•■^''^° '" "" ^ olv'ntupon limesu.ne and ^^'' f'":°-'f^ ""Z'T^-^ he" wo ingredient., forn.ing calcar^ns and ebalybeat« And thus we find these waters, ollen h.ghly f '^^^ "'^f/^^j, „f earbonic aeid, which ao.3 as a solvent of .hc.9 rrinES. As they l.«e very s.«n, by exposur_e to the air, "^^/"^^ °' ,,^., ^ of oxidation, and tberrfore to > o'g;Si;n,^and as iron is bronght also by the -^ «»--- ^J* .''p'-.t of Calcareous tufas and bog-iron ore, ^ more insoluble form-these two e^use^ ael.ng '7'*; ' ""-^^^^^^ the increase. The greater pttrt fr..,uen.ly found in that country. The "l^-'^'^/^V;;; j^ 'fe „ red by an ocean, for most of the fossils in th« of Indiana must have been, at son^ i"'""f°' ^^^Z^^JZ^^ ever be found in Indiana, unless in mn.nle porfons llimctones are of a marine orign,. None o. "^^ P ;™" , ';«';^^,^y ,,^„,e „e pr.mit.ve and grauwae^e formations, in in honlders, or in small qua.itilies m eonibuKition w "^ ° ''" "^ "^^ ,^ji„„^.'^ U ;, true that, in some rare instanees, Uich alon; pro.lnctivc mine^of gold -J^f '" "-,°;™ ^trta -"n '^'«ist in the Western country, but I have sceu silver is found as a snlphnret and as red silver o e ^J^^^^^ ,^_ ,„ ,„,, ,„a „„ive arsenic. The only metal* no symptoms of any such in our State. T ^^^'^l^^n'^^t inc, cobalt, and possibly some varieties of copper and which we need look for are iron, lead, "° ''""" ' "'^°;f;;;°: Jl'j m Indiana because that mineral is usually fou.id arsenic ores. It is not bUely that ->' '-'^''^- ''"t! 'i,^ ,,!i ,' ces of native copper have been found in the StaU,, ona in the primitive and grauwacke formations, f e^^' d''^^^-' _^ ^,^__,,,^j ,,^ „„,i „„,y m isolaU-d pieces, 1 hav« weighing Ave pounds; 1-"'. f''™ '>•'■ "^'"\°ff°X^tri may add. that the Kupfe«chiefer of the Gorman miners reason to believe that tluy do not originate ,n 'h- S^'- ™'^i ' „„. Th'is copper slate, as found at the yields, at the mines of Mansfleld, in Tbunngia an "'^J^^^^f ,, ^"',P, „„i„,,J,V, formation, and «,pper ore., have beeu bottom of the new red sandstone lormation, "' "^.'' .^J '•^'j," '.^.r,,,., a possibility of discovering workable «.pper ortj found in the e^rl»™iferous and ^^"'-^''"'^'TlVil o Im^^na s uni -er^^lly admitted, yet few are aware that it arise, in the fonmdions of Indiana. The '^'f'^^l^^^l^"^:^ that that soil is the most productive whielt has eea mainly from its geologic^ position. It '^""^'l'^"" "'j.' ^^t .^^.^^ • for thus only is produced the due mixture of grave^ derived from the destruction of tl,e grcaU^st variety f '^' J^^J^\.^, ^ V,.,,,,t,-,„ „nd transmission of nutritive fluids, be they sand, clay, and lm,«.one, necessary '"/-" ^.^ °' .If^^ iHi t^ ne r the middle of the Great Valley of "-.h-wesU« liquid or a-riform, to the rooLs of plants No«, Indiana ,s^ .^ accordingly formed from tlie de.^uct ou America, and far distant from the prm.itive ^»"S^ ""^'^^ ,^ ,„,e been minuU_.ly divided and iutimatcl, blendeit of a vast variety of rocks, both crystalline and ^^^^;^^„,,,,,, of extraordinary fertility." ^ together bv the action of air and water. It han all " "• ';^'^™^° o, the whole central region of the I mted ¥he forJsts of Indiana contain all the trees natur _'°^; »■'=■-' ^' ^,^„,, ,.,„j, ^^^100 of the States and probably States; oaks and bec.h-trees, however, ^^^^'^^^^'l^ in order are the sugar-tree, hickory, ash, walnut, pop^, count two-thirds of the whole number of ■^?^^»;^^^™;„j^.'',oenst, and white maple, which are as wide^v diffused as h. elm, sycamore, cherry, hackberry linden «flee4ree.h^^^^^ ^ _^ .^ _^^,^ ^^^^^ .^ ,,„ i„,,.rior; the chestnu ,, oak and beech. The black locust is abnnd.mt near h- >^"' ' j,.„ „„, i,,,, i, only found on Iha only found in the neighborhood of the »PP" --^ LakeM^hiian^ hde the tamarack is found only in the sw-amps •Unobs," near the' Ohio, and on the ^^'"'^-'^''^"^"^J'rthiefly found in the countie. on both side, of the ^V bile River, of the Kankakc*. The cypress, cahilpa, and pecan »- -^'°J /^^ ^,^^ ,^„„,„3 of the southern streams. Of the smaller below Uie junction of the forks; --^'^''^'Ir^'^'^fXTv^^P^V^-'- P'""' -"^ '"""'' ™'^ '"^ ■""""""^ T ,'"^ Uees and undergrowlhs, the pnncipal are "^^ ' f ^ '^; J^ /;„, ,1 „„„r,rous insUinees the oak, syci^nore, -•ahml.^"d apple. Many of the forest trees attain »»«" "'™ ' .^^J^ '' ;' ji,„,.t„, „nd more than 120 and 130 feet in L-ght Th9 poplar have bee^n found, measnnng Irom flie 'l^^.fiZm hawth.-rn, persimmon, pawpaw, wild cherry, nmlberry. indigetious fruit trees found in Indiana eom,^.,e t e wild plum 1 . P ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ Cranberries aro erah apple, etc. These are found """"-"? "S^'^^f ^^^^,;.,e^ and strawberries of excellent flavor grow sponta. abundant in the north, and wild grapee, *<'';^'^"^'^^J^™^^\7„i^ ,„„ he cultivated with success. Wabiuts, hickory r r tfSe ™: ".=: - -^^-^ »- -^ -- -^ '^ '-' - '-' ""^""^ ^ ^ ''"^ Counties. Dwell. Pop- Adams 1,002.. 5.797. Allen 3,097.. 16,919. Bartiiolomew .2,149.. 13,426. Benton IW.- 1.1*^- lilacktord 514.. 2.860. Boone 1,914.. 11,631. Urown 790.. 4,846 Farina iucult. Carroll . Cass Claik Clay Clinton .. Crawford Daviess . . Dem"born Decatur.. De Knlb .1.909 ...i.sra. ...2,757. ...l..'!26 . . .2,001 ....1.027 .11,013 S74.. 11 1,300.. 127, 1,219.. 49 149.. . 306.. e .1.393.. 28 . 535.. 1,129 Decatur Fort VVayno .Columbus .Oxford .Hartford . Lebanon 5.. Nashville . 79.. Del phi Dwell. Pop. F»rm I^anf. inculL Est-il). Fountain 2,051. .13,253. .1.357. .103. .Covington Franklin 3,286..17.968..1,739..121..Brookvill9 11,021..! 134.. 108.. Logansport .15,828.. 1,048. . 7.944.. 829. 11,809.. 1,411. . 6,524.. 540. .1,803.. 10,352.. 1221. .l.MO.. 20,166.. 1,520. .2,062.. 15 107.. 1,377. 1.421.. 8,251.. 831. Delaware 1,874 . .10,843. .1,084. . 34 . . MuncietowB Dubois 1.146.. 6,321.. 794.. 9. .Jasper Klkhart 2,254.. 12.690.. 1.926.. 70. .Goshen Fayette 1,818.. 10,217.. 956..110..Comjer6Vllle Floyd ..2,443. .14,875.. 428..106..Ncw Albanj 88 . . Charlestown 10.. Bowling Gre«n 21.. Frankfort 33t.Levenworth 11.. Washington 72..Lawrenceburg . 39..Grfien8burg 16.. Auburn .1,085.. 5,982.. 777 .1,833. .10,771. .1,220. .1.884. .11,092.. 900. .2,089. .12,313. .1,227. ,2,1.59. .12.084. .1.261. .1,683.. 9,698.. 1,176 „„,,..„ 2,645.. 15,286.. 1,630, Hemlncks 2,390.. 14.083.. 1,444 Henry 3,064.. 17,605. .1. 606 Howard MW- 6.657.. m Huntington. ..1.336.. 7,850. Fulton Gibson (_;iant Greene . .. Hamilton . liHUcock . . Harrison Jackson 1,9-56 ... 592 ...1.179 ...4,0(^3 .2,064 ...2,0(r7 .1,969 11,04 3,540, 7,047. 2:1,916 12,090 12,101 ,11,081 1,7,83. .10,243.. 1,127 .^1,479.. 8.387.. 1.062 1.173 343 676 .1,396 .1,208 .1,153.. 25 . 961.. 37 13.. Rochester 23.. Princeton 52.. Marion 39..Eloointield 16..Nob!e8vill8 36.. Greenfield 19..Corydon ,110. .Danville .Newcastle .Kokoir.o . .Huntington .Brownstown .Rensselaer .Portland Madison .Venion .Franklin .vinceunea 21.. Warsaw 64.. La Grange 81-3 124. . 26. . 32. . 18 . 4 .138. . 73. Lake. 715 La Porte 9,124. Lawr»;nce 2,012. Modiaon .■ 2,159. Mali on 3,984. Marsllnll 928. Martin 1,025. Miami 1,941. Monruc 1,892. Montgomery. .2,971 . Morgan 2,401. Noble 1,395. Ohio 94G. Orange 1,841. Owen 2,000. Parks 2.4C8.- Perry 1,231. Pilie 1,261., Port<;r 885.. Posey 2,200., Pulaski 454. Putnam 3,088.. Eanilolph 2,513. Ripley 2,667. Pop. . 3,991. .12,145. .ia097. .12,375. .24,013. . 5,3-lS. . 5,941. .11,304. .11,286. .18,084. .14,576. . 7,946. . 5,31)8. .10,809. .K.IOO. .14,90-8. . 7,2(». . 7,720., , 5,234. ,12,549., . 2,395. ,18.615., .14,725. .14,820. Farms in cult. Ejti.b QapitsU. Counties* Dwell. Pop. 4-23. . 5, , Crown Point Rush .2.824. .16,443. .1,116. .IS. .La Porte Scott .1,040. . 5,885. .1,031. . 19. .Bedford Shelby .2,721. .15,502. .1,494. , 67, .Anderson Spencer ,... .1,485. . 8,616. .1,561. .179. .l.N'DIAKAPOLIS Stark . 100. . 557. .. 570. . 10. .Plymouth Steuben .1,100. . 6,104. . 633. . 18. .Dover Hill St. Joseph . . .1,885. .10,954. .1,184. . 48. .Peru Sullivan .1.673. .10,141. 1,230. . 46. .Blooraington Switzerland .2,254. .12,932. 1,880. . 87. .Crawfordsville Tippecanoe .. .3,227. . 19,377. .1,392. . 14. .Martinsville Tipton . 627. . 3,5:i2. . 772. . 16. .Albion Union .1,2-20. . 6,944. . 386. . 34. .Jvising Sun Vanderburgh .2,059. ,11,414, .1.118. . 8, .Paoli Vermillion,.. .1,509. . 8,661, 1,142. 26. .Spencer Vigo .2,645. .15,389. 1,390. 63. .RockviUe- Wabash .2,079. .12,138. 540. 14. .Rome Warren .1,273. . 7,387. 909. 2. .Petersburg Warrick .... .1,313 . 8,811, 467. 13. .Valparaiso Washington . .2,897. .17,040. 1,270. 26. .Mount Vernon Wayne .4,515. .25,320. 286. . 0. .Winni'.mae Wells .1,021. . 6,153. 1,696, 42. .Green Castle White . 821. . 4,761. 1,477, 12. .Winchester Whitley . 913. 5,190.. 1,495. 49, , Versailles Faults incult- Man £»tab ■ Capital*. 1,809. . 59. .Rushville 719. . 14. .Lexington 1,630. . 59. .ShelbyviUe 988. . 28. .Rockport 53. . 0. .Knox 586. . 28. . Ansola 847. . 45. .South Bend 1,215. . 31. .Sullivau 1,270. . 70. . Vevay 1,377. .204. . Lalayette 339. . -1. .Tipton 606. . 35. .Liberty 743. 76. . EvausviH& 733. 46. .Newport 1,113. .130. .Terre Hauta 1,068. . 57. .Wabash 782. 18. . Williamsport 994. o.-) .Booneville 1,718. . 83. .Salem 1,934. .213. .CentreviUe 640. 14. Bluflton 438. 10. Monticello 522, 8. Columbia Tlie wliole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 170,179 ; of families 171,.'5fi4, and of inhabitants 9S3,416, viz. : whiles 977,62s— males 506,408, and females 471,220 ; free col. 10,739— males 5,472, and females 5,816. Oftho whole population, there were deaf and fhitnb — wh. 514, fr. col. 4 — total 51S ; bluid — wh. 340, fr. eol. 9 — total iHD ; insnrie-^ wh. :>&i, fr, col, 10 — total 579 ; and idiotic — wh. 900, fr. col. 1:3 — tot:il 919. The number of free persons born in the United States wju^ 931.392, the number of foreign birtli 54,42ti, and of birth uuknol^^l 2.593: the tuttiee population originated as follows t .Maine 976. N. Ilamp. 886, Term. 3,183, Mass. 2,0T?, R. I. 433, Conn. 2,4S5, N. York 24,310, N. .Jer. 7,337, Penn. *4,24.'), Del. 2,787, Md. 10,177, DisL of Col. 227, Virg. 41,819, N, Car, a3,175, S. Car. 4.0C9, Ga. 761, Flor. 21, Ala. 893, Miss. 2S7, La. .821, Tex. 44, Ark. 151, Tenn. 12,734, Ky. 68,651, Ohio 120,193, Jlieh. 1,317, Imliuna 541,079, III. 4,173, Mo. 1,000, la. 407, Wise. 99, Calif 0, Territories 11 ; and {\x(i foreign population was composed of persons from — England 5.5.'i0, Ire- land 12.TS7, Scotland 1,341, Wales 169. Germany 28,534. t'rance 2,279, Spain 3, Portugal 0, Belgium 36, Holland 4:!, Italy 0. Austria 17, Switzerland 724, Russia G, Denmark 10, Norway IS, Sweden 16, Prussia 740, Asia 4, Africa 4, Brit. America 1,873, Mexico 31, Cent. America 0, S. America 4, West Inilies 12, and other countries 103, The following table will show thu deoemiial progress of the population smce the first census of the Slate taken by the United States authorities: Vhito I'ersona. Col rej Persona. Years. Free. Slave. Total. Population. 1800 ... .. 4.5T7... .. 16.3 . 185 298 .. .,. 4,375. 1310 ... .. 23,390 ,,. .. S93 . 237 080 .. ... 24.620 . 1S20 ... .. 145.753 ... .. 1,230 190 1,420 .. ... 147,173 . 1830 . I'^IO . . 1350 .. .839,399 8,029 3 8,0:32 843,031 , 673,693 7,165 , . 977,628 10,783 . . 7,163 GS5,S6>; , 10,738 933,416 Decenni.it I ncrea=e. Numerical. f er cenL ... 19,045 ... . . 402,9 ... 122,658 ... . . 600,2 ... 195,353 ,,. ., 133.1 . . . S42,>33 . . . , 99.9 ... 302,650 ... . 44.1 The statistical returns of the industry and wealth of Imlliina, as famished by the census of 1350, and other offloial documents referring to that period, are .as follows : ^ O^vnjiial Lands, rfe,— Improved lands 5,046,543 acres, and unimproved lands 7,746,379 acres— valued in cash al $486,335,178. Number of farms under cultivation 93,396. Value of 'fanning implements and machinery $6,7i>4,444. Lice-Stoch—'B.or&ei., 814,299 ; assee and mules, 6Ji99 ; milch cows, 2'i4,554 ; working oxen, 40,221 ; other cattle 839,391 ; Bheep, 1,122.493; swine, 2,20:3,776— lotid value of livc-.slock, $22,4T>,5.'J3, In 1340 there were in the Slate 241,030 horses, mules, etc., 619,930 neat cattle of all ilcscriptioiis, 075,932 sheep, 1,62:3,606 swine, etc, frriiin ( Vops.— Whe.al, 6,214,453 bushels : r.»e, 73,792 bushels : Inrlian corn, 52,9i>4,3G3 bushels : oats, 5,055,014 bushels ; barley, 4.1,433 bushels ; buckwheat, 149,740 bu.shels. The crops of 13.39-40 were— wheat, 4,049,375 bushels : barley, 23,015 bushels; oats, 5,931,605 bushels; rye. 129,621 bushels; buckwheat, 49,{V19 bushels, and Indian corn, 23,155,337 bushels. OUn^f Oi-trps. — Tobacco, 1,044,620 pounds; ginned cotton, 14 bales of 4'K) pounds each : peas and beans, 35,778 bushels; potatoes-^Irisli, 2,033,837, and sweet, 201,711 bushels; hay, 403,2.80 teas; clover-seed, 18,:329 bushels; other grass-seed, 11.951 bushels: hops, 92,790 pounds; hemji — dew-rotted, 811. and water-rotted, 1,071 tons: flax, 534,469 pounds ; flax- eeed, 86,333 bushels ; nuiple sugar. 2.921,642 pounds; niohLsses, I30,:325 gallons:, wine, 14,055 gallons, etc. The value of orchard jiroducts w,as :f824,940, and of market-garden products $72,364. In comparing the principal crops of 1S40 and 1350, the following results are shown : Staplea 1810. IS.^n Tobacco 1,320,306 pounds 1,044.623 pounds . Hemp — dew-rotted j (,... 341 tons \ " — wjiter-roltcd \ 8,605 J tons \ 1,071 tons V. Flax I I .... 634.409 pocnds 1 'V^'lnc 10,205 gallons.... 14,035 gaUoiis 814 . d^r. Movement. 775,630 pounds, or 42.61 per cenL deer. 15,1523,971 pounds, or 80.58 . iim: 3,790 gallons, or 86.92 INDIANA. Prodiicts of Anlmah.~\\<^o\. i.GKV^sT (in 1S4(). 1,237,910) pounJs; butter. H.S'^l.SSS poun-ls, an.I clieose, 624,564 pounds; an-i the value of animals slaiigliUTi'il in the year had been $6,567, 9:}.'^. Silk ctHjoons were proJuct-J U) the amount nf 8S7 (in 1S4(>. 079) pounds; and beeswax and honey to that of 935,329 pounds. Home-made Mo nufactwffi for llie year ending 3l>lh June, ISo'i, were prcKluwd to the value of $1,631,039. Jfanvfiictiiren — A£:grc^ate capital inveslx?d, $7.'235,2'20; value of raw material, fuel, eie., eonsumed. ^6.'J'_>9.n.3; averag© iTuini>er of hamls employed, '27,812 — males, 24.137, and females, 3.205; avera£;e monthly cost of labor. SCLin.liOii — male, $520,0(10, and female, $^0.000— l0 GG,91S ...-• 4,425 U5,743 Ilands— male number... 83 143 22 233 " ^female '■ ... — , — , 2 2 Monthly cost of labor— male dollars 2,290 " S.CSl 604 6,575 '* " —female " — — S S Iron made tons l.SSO 1.757 175 3,7^2 •Value of entire products dollars 53,000 149,4;J0 11,760 219,li)0 Indiana has also a largo number of flour, grist, oil, saw, and other mills, asheries, etc., and the numerous trades and handtcrafls, which constitute ibe aggregate of its nuinufaeturing industry'. Among lis principal manufaetiiring places may be named Madison, Indianapolis, New Albany, Cannelton, etc. — the last destined to become, at no distant day. the seat of a vast industry. Inhinft Commimicnilon. — Indiana has no direct foreign commerce, but it has a vast domestic and inter-state trade by means of its navigable waters anrl magnificent systems of canals and railroads, and besides it is well sujiptied with plank, M'Adam, and other roads, which facilitate travel and transportation. The State has (January, I'iSS), witliin its borders 454 miles of canal and 929 miles of r«.iIroail completed. The canals are. the Wabash and Krie Canal, extending from Evansville, on the Ohio, to Toledo, on Lake Erie, 467 miles, of which 379 miles are in Indiana ; and the White Water Canal, extending from Lawrenceville, on the Ohio, via Caml>ridge, on the National Eoad, to Kagerslown, 75 miles. The principal railroads of the State centre at Indianapplis, radiating in all directions, and forming links in the great national system which is rapidly springing into existence. There is also a large number of railroads in course of eon- etruction, the most imporLinl rif which are. the Cincinnati and St, Louis Railroad, the Lawrenoeburg and T'pper Missis- sippi r.ailro^d. the upper portinns of the Ne-w Albany and Salem Hailroad, and the Fort Wayne and Southern Kailroad. These will be opened within a year or two, and there are otliers already projected tliat must be built witliin a vt/ry short Ip.iei3 of time. Bankfi, *■;£.— There are in Indiana 1 bank and 13 branch banks, Ihe same being the State Eanli of Indiana, .it Indianapolis, and its several branches at Bedford, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Lnwreneeluirg, Madison, Michigan City, New All'any, Uiehmond. South Bend, Terre Haute, and Vincennes. The agtrrcgate condition tff these Institutions in November. 1S50, was as follows — UahUities : capit^il, $2.0S2,95S ; circulation. $3,422.455 ; deposits, $630,335 ; due other banks, $112,175 ; and assets — loans and discounts. $4,395,099 ; real estate, $364,233 ; other-investments, $10S,4*5; due by other banks. $S15,06'2; notes of other bank.s, $224,^2: specie, $1,197,SS0. The conslitutional provisions respecting banking-in this State are: that no banks shall be establi3hedify the laws; that any voter of good moral characler may be admitted to practice law in all the courts of tho Stale ; that the Assembly may modify or abolish the Grand Jury system ; that no person shal) be an incompetent witness in consequence of his opinions on matters of religion ; that in all criminal cases the juries may dett-rmine the law and the facta; that no man's property shall be taken without just compensation is first awarded ami tendered, PkCspocting colored people, it is provided that no negro or mulatto shall come into or sctUo In Ihe State ; all contracto made with sueh shall be void, and all persons employing thera shall be punished by a fine of $10 to 1(^)0, and the proceed* of such fines shall be appropriated for the colonization of those negroes and mulattoes, and their descendants, in the State, at the adoption of tho Constitution, and who are willing to emigrate. Amendments to the Constitution arc to be passed on by a majority of one Legislature, and referred to the next; and Iff passed by a like majority, then the aincndmenW proposed are submitted to the people for ratification or rejection. The militia of Indiana has not been reported to the IT. S. authorities since 1S32, since wliich period tlie population oP the State has nearly trebled. At that time it consisted of 53,913 men of all grades and arms, and at present probably numbers 150,000 men. Indiana hjis several ben^coletit inMitutlon^^ among which the principal are the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, thiq Institution for the Blind, and the Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis. At the Asylum all the Deaf and Dumb of tha State, between the ages of 10 an-i 30, are entitled to education without charge for board or tuition ; and at the Inslituta the same privileges are granted, but except in extr.iordinary cases, applicants over 21 years of age are not admissabl^ The Hospital for the Insane, in the year ending 3(Jlh October, 1S5(), admitted 5S (31 males and 27 females); 54 were dis- charged ^20 males and 23 females) ; and at the end of the year SO (40 males and 40 females) were left undejr treatmeni. This last institution was opened ft)r the reception of pallents (p:irt of the buildings only being erected) in December, 1S48, From that time to SOlh October, lt4y, there were lo4 ndtniilvd, of whom 20 recovered, 4 improved, and 4 died, leaving 76 in the hospital, which, aild<;d to the 5S admitted in lbl'J-5i), makes a total of 162 since the o|>cning of the institutifc— State's half principal of bonds surrendered, $4,781,500 ; State's half interest on bonds with 1 per cent of. 316 INDIANA. principal with half of coupons added, $1,736,727 50 — total foreign debt, $6,51S,"2'27 50. To which add domcstie debt $257,295. Ag^egate debt, $6,775.5'22 50. State and Oinal St"ck.—Tlw aaiount of the several stocks ii*sued under the act for liquidating the public debt, up u. 5Ui August, ISoO, is as foUowa : 5 per cenU StiUe stock, $4,7'?1,5'»0 ; 2^ per cent St3 the rate will be 5 per cent. ; and after lS5:i also the 2) jier cent. Slate stock will draw intcroet at that rate. The remaining stocks are thrown upon the Canal, and their redemption, principal and interest, depends upon the receipts from the Canal, in accordance with the pro\ision8 of the acts heretofore referred to. In lS3^-l^^ the State issued $1,500,000 treasury notes to pay off her internal improvement liabilities, but these having been made receivable for all State dues, have now been almost all returned to the treasury. The State also issued bonds for the Stale Bank capital, and treasury notes tc pay the bank a debt which the State owed it. But these treasury notes were based upon a sinking fund belonging to the Slate, and held by the bank, which institution attends to the bunds Issued for its capital, and also to the redemption of the notes based upon the sinking t\ind. The means held by the bank are considrrf d ample for these purposes. The assessed value of persmial ami real estate in Indiana in ISbO was $152,S70,399, but tho true or estimated value amounted to no less a sum than $202,l!5<',264. IWleral lie-presenf-athm. — Indiana, in accordance with tho law apportioning federal representation, sends eleven represenlalives to Congress. RfiiQunifi DmiomhHitioiis. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50 were as follows : DenciiTiinft- Nf>. of Cliurrli Value of Denomina- Ny. of Chur..h Value or Denotnina. N,,. of Cl)..ril, Valoeol (ions, Cliiiniri^s iiici.ni. Properly. tions. Cliiirohe9 acLunu Property. tions. Cliiirrlieg I'r..porry E:ipli5l 413 .. 136,333 . . $aii,!>s5 .Jewish — . — . $_ Tnnlccr 5 . . 8,000 . $8.1110 Christian 1S9 .. 64,266 . . 8S,640 LiUheran 60 . 18,00(1 . . 86,8-25 Union 5 . . l,2.'i0 . 2,.350 Con£rrt^p:afl. . 3 . . 1,400 . 6,000 MennoniU? . . — . — . — Unitarian ... 1 ., 250 600 Dukh l:.-f . . 4 . . 1.02.1 . . 1,050 Mctlioilisl...745 . 266,372 . . 4S3.460 Univeraaiist.. 15 .. 5,060 . 17.800 E[iisc»»pal .. 24 .. 7,300 . . 74,000 Moravian — 5:1 . 17,400 . . 20,S0O Minor Sects . 12 .. 2.S22 4,025 Free 10 .. Friends So . . 2,7.50 . .4:5,015 . 6.7IK) . 53,555 Prealjyterian 207 . K. Cathnlic . . 03 . 103,432 . 25,115 . . 324,170 . 107,725 Total.... 1,947 689.230 .? 1.512,485 German Kef. 2 . 450 . . 3,500 Swe-Jenbo"n . — . — . — Indiana constitutes a diocese of the Protestant EpiscN)pal church, ami also the Roman Catholic diocese of Yincennea. Education. — Indiana has endowed her common scIumIs and colleges more liberally than any others of the Ncm' Slated The constitution provides that •' the common school fund shall consist of the congressional township fund, an^l the lands belonging thereto, of the surplus revenue, saline, and bank tax ftnnls. the fund to bo derived from the sale of c*ounty seminaries, and money and property heretofore held for such seminaries, all fines, forfeitures, and escheats, and lands not otherwise specially granted, including the net procepout 400,000 between the agr-s of 5 and 21 years. The number of common schools was 5,S99, and the number of children attending school was 225,318. Indiana h.TS also a large number of high schools aini academies ; and among her collegiate establishments the follow- ing are the most conspicuous: the Indiana State University, at Bloomington, founded in 1S16; Hanover ColU-ge, founded in 1S29 ; Wabash College, founded in 1^34, and Indiana Aslibnry University, at Green Castle, founded in 1837. At Han- over is also the Indiana Theological Semin.ary (Presl)ylerian), a department of Hanover College. The Universities have each a law department; and there are medical schools at La Porte and Indianapolis— at the first place the Indiana Medical Ct^llege, and at the latter, the Indiana Central Medical College, both higlrly-flourishing institutions. lAbrarie^.—Ono State library (7,0iK) volumes): four aoci.nl libraries (10,700); six college libraries (17,300); four students'' libraries (4,S901 ; one public schf*ol library (2f>0) — total, sixteen libraries and 40.000 volumes. Periodical Prestt. — ^The public press consists of 121 periodical publications, of which 79 are political — 43 whig, and 36 democratic — and 42 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number, 9 are published daily. 3 Iri- wookly, 109 weekly, and 1 monthly. The average circulation of the dailies, at each issue, is 8,9S4; of the trl-weeklies, 1,500; of the weeklies, 49,731; and of the monthly, about 2,0i"> copies. PaupeH.wt and Cfitne. — The whole number of paupers who received support fVom the public funds witliin the year ending .Tune 1st, 1&50. wm 1,1S2, of which 860 were natives, ami 322 foreigners; and the whole number of jjaupers at the ihtte refi-rred to was 5S3, of which number 44fi were natives, and 137 foreigners — costs to the public for the year $57,560. The « hole mmiber of convicts in the Stiite Prison on the 30lh November. 1S50, was 142, and the number received during the following official year was 103, and during the same perioil there were discharged — by expiration of sentence, 21 ; by escape. $ ; by pardon, 16 ; by order of court. 1 ; by death, 7 — total 53 ; and hence there were in prison on the 30th Novem- ber, 1S51, 192 convicts, of which 8 were oommilled for life, 1 for 36 years, and 96 for less than 2 years ; and 151 are com- mitted for ofTt-nses against property, and 39 for offenses against the person. The Slate Prison is situate at Jeffersonville. Ilistorical Sketch. — Indiana originally constituted a part of" New France," and subsequently of the "Territ'iry North- West of the Ohio Itiver." The exact period of its first aettlement is not ascertained. It appears, however, that about 1690 the French Indians visited the site of Vincennes, at that time occupied by the Indian liU.ige of Appccaughke, and In 1702 n party of the same nation descended the Waba-^h, and established several posts on its banks, and among others Vincennes. The tribes inhabiting the country at that time, eith proeceda of Ibcir agricullure. v( llifir simple annals Ihey have left no records, for until ITOS. when the oountiy was celled to England, we hear nothins! of llicni. By the treaty of cession, the settlers were conOnned in their i>nsse» sions: but immigration did not reach tlio country till some time afl**rward. During the KcvoluUtmary War they dii^played thiUr herediuiry animosity to the Knglish.and seized the first opportunity to Join with the people: and in 17TS a Spanisb resident gave such information respocting tlio strength and jKisition of the British forces stationed at Vineenne*, that by bis directions General Clarke easily obtained possession, which, however, he did not long retain, Ey the treaty of US8, the country was included in tho United t'tati'S, and again the settlers were confirmed in their |K>ssc&sions. In ITSS an Indian war broke out, which caused great distress among them, but they did not suffer to the same extent as tho Atuert can*, ftgaiast whom vengeanco was directed without mercy ; but by the attack of General 'Wilkinson in 17^*1 at the mouth of the Tippecanoe, and by tho subsequent victories of General Wayne, a dangerous confederacy was broken up, and th£ trilx'6 obliged to submit, when llie dii^tricl began to enjoy that repose of which it had for many years been deprived, J5y the treaty <»f Greenville in 1Z05 the Uliilod Stated obt«ine*l several eligible parcels of land, for which, a£ a compensation, Uiey paid the Indians gums of money and sundry goods. Other cessions were made at subsequent periods ; but notwill>. stauduig these, a part of the Indians still remained hostile, and, excited and exasperated by the eloquence of Tccuniseb, ft leader of the Sbawnees, and one of Ibe most extraordinary men that ever appeared among them, several of the tribce United in resistance to the increasing pt)wer of the whiles; and depredation bad been committed to such an extent Ibol In 1^11 the government determined to exert its power. A force of regulars and railitia was concentrated at Vincennea^ and placed under the command of William Henry Harrison, then Governor. On the Glh November of the same year, Uie Governor appeared before I'rophetstown, or Tippecanoe, on the Wabash, and demanded roslitullon of the property tho Indians had carried ofl". AJXcr a conference, it was agreed that hostilities should not commence until next morning that an amicable arrangement might be made, but in violation of this armistice, tlie Americans were attacked befutlft daybreak by .1 large body of savages. Governor Harrison, however, knowing the character of the enemy, had so dift poBcd his troops as to be able immediately to arrange them in order of battle : and therefore, though taken by stirprise^ tho Americans received their insidious enemy In a state of preparation. The combat, though short, was unusually ecvcre ; the Indians fought with desperato courage, but the precision of action on the part of the troops was such thai the fate of tho battle was soon decided, and tlic Indians driven in all diri-clions, leaving forty of their number on ths Add. while their whole loss was not less than one hundred and fifty ; nor was the American loss less in proportion. Aftcf the action. Governor Harrison having burned the town, and laid waste the surrounding settlements, returned to Vincei» DCS,' and not long afterw.ird the tribes sued for peace. The war with England in ISli gave a fresh impetus to India* bestility. Seduced into the service of England, tbc Indians, after committing great cruellies and excesses, received foD retribution from the, Americans; their villages were destroyed,, and their whole country laid waste. During the Ialt<9 ]>art of the war withT:nglanlot of the city, were sold for $.'!S,59e ; lots which then sold for $200 or .$300, now readily realize fl-om ♦8,000 to $10,000. At the period referred to the site wm covered by ilcnsc forests, and for 40 or SO miles around the country still remained in its pristine condition of an UT» touched wiMernes.s The original town plot was a milfi square, but like all progressive cities, Indianapolis has ove» stepped its artiftcial limits, and extended itself on all sidci The strwls aro at right angles with each other. Washington, tlirough which the National Road passe-s, the principid streel of the city, is 120 feet wide : Circle-street SO feet, and otheri 90 feet; the alleys, E. and W., are 80 feet wide, those N. ami S. 15 feet. The lota in the full lots are 9TJ (bet by 195, bu» on the diagonal streets and in the central blocks, touching Circle-street, tlio lots contain about a fourth of an aero eaclk On tho Ist .lanuary, 1S25, tho public offices of the Stale weis removed from Corydon, the former capital,Jo Indianapolias and the permanent seat of government established here; but tho Legislature held its sessions in the county cour» house until December,- 1884, when the Stale House, an elegant buil.ling. ISO fret by SO, was wmpletod, at a cost of about $CO,0uo: it is on the model of the Parthenon al Athens. Tho Governor's House is near the centre of the city, and is a line four-fronted building, staniling on a naV ural m.)imd CO feel high, aud circumscribed by Circl.-street ; and from this also diverge four diagonal strceta in tb£ dV IND IND reclioQ of tlic several corners of ihc city plot. The State House, governor's rcsiUfiice, ami the State officesi were built by the proceeds of the sales of lots iti the don. There is a United Statea land offico at Indianapolis, The general stalislics of the city embrace about 90 dry- goods etores, 30 groceries, 22 ^\-arehnuges, 120 mechanic dliops, 4 breweries, and about two-fifths of Ihc dwellings are Of more than one etory in height, and about one sixth arc of brick, the others being frame dwellings. In ls30 the in- bflliitants numbere-^i l,(rS5, in 1S40 -2,692, and In 1S50 8,034. IsiiiANAPOLis p. v., Mahaska co., Li,: on tho E. side of N. fork of Skunk r., 49 m. W. S. W. luwa City. InhianCreek, p. o.,JacItson county, 6'a. ; 82 m- N. by W. Milledgeville. Indian Cbeek, p. o., Monroe co,, J/o. ; on a cr. of Salt r. so cidled, 7;^ m. N. N. E, Jefferson City. Indian Cbekk, p. o., Monrf>e c.,IlU: 65 ni. N. E. Sptiugfldd. Indian Hii-L, p. c, Abbeville (Hst,, S.Car, : ST m.W. by li Columbia. Indian Kev, p. o., Dade county, Tlor.: on one of tho Florida Keys so called, 453 m. S. E. by S. Tallaliassw. Thia key contains some 7 or 8 acres of rich alluvial soil, and is based on coral rock, as are most of the neighboring keys It lies about equidistant between Florida Cape and Key "W^tstjand has a very equable and salubrious cliniat*-. Here is a small village, with a fine hotel, etc., foiflJie aooomnio* dation of visitors. Indian lake, Hamilton co., iV". 3'. : a small lake in a wild and mountainous region. It is 4 m. long and about a milo wide, and abounds lu various descrijUions of fish. Indian Mound, p. o., Stewart co., yV/ia. ; GGm.'W. N.^V* Nashville. Indianola, p. v.. Warren county, la. : 3 m. S. Prairib branch of Des Moines r., 107 in. TV. by S. Iowa City. Int^ianola, p. o., Vermillion oounfy. III.: 107 E. N". li Springfield. Indianola, p. v., Calhoun co, Tex, : on Matagorda Bayi, 142" m. S. S. E. Austin City. It has a good landing, several large stetween latitu.lea 3;P 40' and 39^ 30' north, and between longitudi's IM^ and 10

ustky, p. 0., Beaver co., Penn.: 1S7 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Inui-stky. p. o.. Au.sttn co., Tex. : on W. fork of Mill cr., 74 m. E. 8. K. Austin City. Ingham county. Mirk. Situate 9. centrally, and contains 604 sq. ni. Drained N. by Cedar r., and W. by Portage r., which fftrm Grand r., and flow into Lake Michigan. Sur- face mostly k-vel. and well timbered with beeeh and suijar maple ; the '■ openings" are more uneven nnd chiefly in the S. ; soil very good, and, like the adjacent country, excel- lent grain and grass land. It has good water privileges, ami there are indications of bituminous coal. Farms 991 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,5S3. and pop.— wh. S,606, fr. col. 25— total 8.681. Capital: Lansing. Inghkm, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mich.: 17 m. S. E. Lansing. A branch of C*dar r. flows on its E. border, which is mostly level and well timbered. Pop. 754. Ingram's Cnoss Roads, p.o., Lauderdale county, ^^c. .• 189 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Summit county, Ohio: 103 m. N. E, Eock county, WUc.: 87 m. 8. B. Randolph co., 2^, Car.: 68 m. W. ■ 114 m. W. by N, Inland, p. Ctjlumbus. Inmansville, p. Madison. Institute, p. c, Raleigh. iKTERcotiRSE, p. 0., Sumter co., Ala. : Montgomery. Intercourse, p. v., Lancaster co., Pmn. : 43 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Inverness, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Ioni, p. o., Anderson co., Tea:. : equidistant from Trinity and Neches rivers, 159 m. N. E. Austin City. Ionia county, Micfu Situate W. centrally, and contains 5T6 sq. m. Drained by Grand r, which crosses it from E, to W., and its branches Maple and Flat rivers, and Lake, Sebewa, and Prairie creeks. Surface gently undulating ; soil, black sandy loam, and on the streams alluvial bottonia of great fertility— generally timbered with oak, ash, and maple, free from stone, and excellent for grazing ; gixxl building stone is found on Grand r. Farms 601; manut 17; dwell. I,3G7, and pop.— wh. 7,5S9, fr. col. 8— U»tal 7,597. Capital : Ionia. Ionia, t., p. v., and cap. Ionia county, Mich.: 2.8 m. W. N. W. Lansing. The t. lies on both sides of Grand r., with Prairie cr. in the N. ; has a rich alluvial soil, and plenty of timber, and raises many catQe and sheep. The village is on the right bank of Grand r., at Uw head of boat navigation, and contains a court-bonse, jail, etc., a U. S. land office, nnd about 500 inhabitants. Populatioa of t. 7T4. losEO county, Mick. Situate E. on Saginaw Bay, and con- tains 549 sq. m. Drained N. by Aa Sable r., and S. by Augrais r. Surface broken, and in parts covered with swamps. Timber of all kinds is abundant, and limiber the chief export of this yet unsettled county. Unorganized inlSSO. THE STATE OF IOWA. Iowa, the fourth of those magnificent Slates carved out of that T.ast territory acquired of France in 1S03, is situate gener* ally K-twt.-n the latitudes 4'io S5' and 43^ 3(V north, an.i between longitudes 9<.o IS' and 960^' west of Greenwich, or l.i Ih and 190 51 ^^sl of Wash it. -ton ; and is bounded north by Minncsoin Territory, east bv the Mississippi River, *"ftoo"'''* ^' ^ isconsin and Illinois, south by the State of Missouri, and west by Missouri River and itatriba IOWA. tary the TchankasnJata or Big Sioux Kiver, which divides it from the old Norlh-Wesl Territory.* Its width from north to south is 19G miles, and its greatest length from cast to west J>07 miles; included within which limits is an urea of 50,9M aqnare miles. Situate nearly midway bet^veen the two ^ent oceans; bounded on both sides by the great riTcrs of the continent, and watered by innumerable smaller streams ; possessing a fertile poil. inexhaustible mineral resources, a hcaltlifiil climate, a free constitution, and a hardy and industrious population, the SUite of Iowa has commenced its career with prospects of far more than ordinary brilliancy. In extent of Imundary, it is one of the largest in the Union, aneeuliar facilities for the rearing of cattle and sheep-farming ; wool-growing, indeed, has become one of the staple employments of the settlers, and the raising of hogs for market has become no kss a profitable occupation. The sheep and hog are here fed with little or no trouble, the natural productions of the earth affording a plentiful subsistence. For all agricultural purposes, indeed, Iowa is perhaps as fine a region as ever the sua cherished by its beams. It is demonstrated by actual survey that no State In the Union has a less quantity of inferior land. The limber lands are less extensive than the prairies, but the growths are so distributed as to negative any objection that might be interposed on this account. Compared to the lifetime of labor it takes to open a farm in the woods, the facility i\1th which one can be established on the prairie is most striking and gratifying to the settler ; and as suflQcient timber for all ordin.iry purposes is always within reason.able distance, tho comparative absence of forests is not so important as it otherwise would be, and artificial groves of that useful and oniamontal tree, the locust, can be easily and quickly raised. Nothing can exceed the beauty of a prairie cottage, surrounded by its grove of locust, and, whercTer met with, '' The constitutionnl bounJarres of Iowr are as follows : " Beginning in tlie miitdte of tlie main channel of the Mississippi River at a point due «mtof the nii CotiQtie«.' Dwell. Allamakee 152. Appanoose ... 521. Benton 121. Black Hawk.. 26. Boone 119. Buchanan 74. Cedar 686.. Clark 14.. Clayton 728.. Chnton 499.. Dallas 1.56.. Davis 1,180.. Decatur 145., Delaware 338. . Doa Moines ..1,919.. Dubuque 1,952.. Fayette 153.. Fremont 222.. Henry 1,545. Jowa 143. Jackson 1,277., Jasper 214., Jefferson 1,649.. Johnson 799., Jones 559.. Pop. . 777. . 3,131. . 672. ,. 135. . 733. .. 517. . 3,941., . 79.. . 3,673.. 2,822.. . 854.. . 7,264. . 965., . 1,759. .12,987.. .10,841., . 825.. . 1.244.. . 8.707., . 822., . 7,210., . 1,280. . 9,904., . 4,472., . 3,007.. Tarmn in cult. . 153.. . 67.. . 9.. 0.. . 45.. . 358.. 0.. . 200.. . 306.. 0.. . 613.. . 46.. . 141.. . 383.. . 753.. . 8.. . 105.. . 947.. . 70.. . 703.. . 150.. .1,067.. . 377.. . 225.. Mnnilf. « ,,,,_ K.lab. C-r"t-^l»- . C.Postville . 2...Centrevillo . 0... Vinton . 1... — . 0.. .Booneville . l...lndepcnd'nce . 4... Tipton . 0... — .12...Garnavillo .10... De Wilt . O...Adell .ll...Bloomfield . 0.. .Nine Eagles . 3... Delhi .23.. .Burlington .46... Dubuque . 0.. .West Union . 0... Sidney .26... Mt Pleasant Marengo .Andrew Newton Fairfield Iowa City . 1.. ,10.. , 0.. .54.. ,19.. Counties. Dwell. Keokuk 820.. Lee 3,252.. Linn 991.. Louisa.. 842.. Lucas 92.. Mndison 180.. Mahaska 981.. Marion 930.. Marshall 62.. Monroe 515.. Muscatine 999.. Psge 94.. Polk 756.. rottowattomeel,475. . Poweshiek 102.. .=cntt 991.. Tama 1.. Taylor 38.. Van Euren... .2,069.. Wapello 1,416.. Warren 152.. Washington . . 856. . Wnyne 57.. Winneshiek .. 100.. Pop. Fnrma in cult. Miinu Kstab Cnpitnls. 4,822. . 326. .12. .Lancaster 18,860.. .1,350. ..78. .Fort Madison 5,414. . 526. .23.. .Marion 4,939. . 388. .18. .Wapello 471.. . 32. . 0.. .Chariton P'L 1,179. . 53. . 0. .Winterset 5,989. . 480. ..18. .Oskaloosa 5,482. . 342. ..24. .Knoxville 338. . 34. . 0. .Marietta 2,884. . 337. . 0. .Albia 5,731.. . 400. .19.. .Muscatine 551.. . 61. . 0.. .Nodaway 4,515. . 321. . 9. .F.Des Moines 7,828. . 82. . 5. .Kanesville 615.. . 71. . 0. .Montezuma 5,986.. . 384. .19.. .Davenport 8.. . 0. . 0.. — 204.. . 27. . 0.. .Taylor C.H. 12,270.. . 998. .23.. .Keosauqua 8,471.. . 828. . 7.. .Ottumwa 961.. . 47. . 0. .Indianola 4,9.57.. . 428. . 1. .Washington 340.. . 0. . 0.. .Cambria 546.. . 0. . 0.. .Winneshiek 3.. .Auamosa Since the census of 1S50 was taken, Pottowattomce county has been divided into the foHowino^ named counties : Adair, Adams, Audubon, Bancroft, Bremer, Buena Vista. Buncombe, Butler, Carroll, Cass, Cerro Gordo, Cherukee, Chickasaw, Clay, Crawford, Dickiuson, Emmett, Floyd, Fox, Franklin, Greene, Grundy, Guthrie, llancock. Hardin. Harrison, How- ard, Humboldt, Ida, Knssulh, Manona. Mills, Mitchell, Montgomer\', O'Brien, Oceola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocalwn- las, Eisley, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Union, AVahkou, Winnebago, "Worth, "Wright, and Yell. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 82,962, of families 33,51T, and of inhabitants 192.214, viz.: whites 191,879— males 100,SS5, and femak'S 90,994, free colored 385— males 163, and females 167. Of Ihe whole population, there were (kafand diwib — wh. 51, fr. col. — total 51 ; hH/id~-wh. 47, fr. col. 0— total 47 ; in^an^— wh. 40, fr. col. — total 40; and idiotic — wh. 93, fr. col. 0— total 98. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 170,620, the number of foreign birth 21,232, and of births unknown 3C2 ; the nadrt^ population originated as follows : Me. T18, N. Hamp. 580, "Venn. I,&i5, Mass. 1,251, E. I. 256, Conn. 1,090, N. Y. 8,134, N. Jer. 1,199, Penn. 14.744, Del. 5S9,Md. 1,SS8, DisL of Col. 70, Tirg. 7,861, N. Car. 2,589, S. Car. 676, Ga. 119, Flor. 51, Ala. ISO, Miss. 13S, La. 133. Tex. 10, Ark. 163, Tcnn. 4,274, Ky. 8,994, Oh. &X713, Mich. 521, Ind. 19,9-25, III. 7,247, Mo. S.So", Iowa 50,350, Wise. 692, Calif. 3, Terri- lories 135 ; and the foreign population was composed of p-i-rs^jns fr«jra— England 3,7S5, Ireland 4.SSS, Scotland 712, Wales 852, Germany 7,152, France 382, Spain 1, Portugal S, Belgnmi 4, Holland l.lns. Italy 1, Austria 13. Switzerland 175. Russia 41, Denmark 19, Norway 36, Sweden 331, Prussia sS, Greece 1, Asia 2, British America 1,756, Mexico 16, Cent. America 0, South America 1, West Indies 14, and other emiiitries 124. The following tabic will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census Uiken by the United States authorities: Tcnaus. Wliita Year. Persons. 1S40 42.924 .. 1850 191,879 .. Colore<) Person*. Tot«l Poifli'siion. .. 4.3.113 .. .. IS'Z.iU .. Tlecenninl 1 nPrea-«. Free. 172 . Slave. 16 T..t.-,l, .199.. .335 .. NumericaL PerceriL 335 . .. 149.102* ... . 345.7 • A cen.n. of tlii* stnte wiw tnken in the liitter pnrt of the year 18.13 : the population of the countie. waa aa follows : Allamakee 2,000, Appanoose 4.W3, Benton 1.237. Black Hawk 315, Boone 1.024. Bremer 200, Buchanan 1.02::. Butler 73, Cedar 4,971, Clark (H9, Clajt.m fi,3(S, Clinton 3,823, Dlllaa l.il'i. I)a»i« 7.iVl, Decatur 1,184. Delaware 2,61S, Des Moines 12,.'i^.^ Duhuque 12..iOO. Faj-ette 2,0fti. Fremknt 3.(«4. Guthrie 300. Henry 9.683.10W. l.»a, JackMioS.ai, Jaape, 1.974. Jelferaon lO.Si'V. Johnson ,1.788, Jones 4,201, Keokuk 5,306. I.ee 20.360. Linn fi.Bllo, Loui.a S,478, Lucas 1.0«, Madison I.8M, aal.aaka 7,47<1. Marion 6.289. Marshall 710, Mills 1.4i>3. Monroe 3,43,1, Muscatine 6 812, Pa»e 636. Polk 6.931. IVt- lowattomee .1.0.',7, Poweshiek 916, nioccol.l 250, Rl.ley 122, Scott «,f,2S. Story 214, Tama '262. T.ijlor 473, t;nion 79, Van°Buraii 12,763, Wapello S,8«S. Warren 1, 488, Washington .1.881, Wayne 7^*4, Winneshiek 1.623,Tell 250. IOWA. The statistics of the industry and WL-alth of Iowa, aa ascertained by the census of ISoO, and in accordanco with other public documents referrinj; to the same period, were as follows : Oc{:iipied Lands, 6/<.'.— Improved lands, 824,632 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,911,SS2 acres — valued in cash at $16,657,5(37 ; number of farms under cultivation, 14,805 ; value of farming implements and machinery, t'l,17'2.SG9. X/i'tf-.!)"Cwi*.— Horses, 3S,536; asses and mules, 754; milcU cows, 45,704; working oxen, 21,SS'2 ; other cattle, 69,025 ; sheep, 149,960 ; and swine, 323,247— valued in the aggregate at $3,6S9,275. In 1S40 there were — horses, mules, etc., 10,794 ; neat cattle, 83,549 ; sheep, 15,354 ; and swine, 104,899. Grain (7/-o;>s.— Wheat, 1,530,551 bushels; rye, 19.916 bushels; Indian corn, 8,656.799 bushels; oats, 1,524,345 bushels: barley, 25,093 bushels ; and buckwheat, 52,516 bushels. The crops of 1339-40 cunsiste*! of wheal, 154,093 bu>liel3 ; barley, 723 bushels; oats, 216,335 bushels; rye, 3,792 bushels; buckwheat, 6,212 bushels; and Indian corn, l,4ii6.241 bushels. Oth^r Crops. — Face, 500 pounds; lobacoo, 6,041 pounds; peas and beans, 4,775 buslieis; potat*)e3 — Irish, 276,120, and Bweet, 6,243 bushels; hay, 89/155 tons; clover-seed, 342, and other grass seed, 2,096 bushels; hops, 8,242 pounds; hemp --dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotLed, tons; flax, 62,553 pounds; flax-seed, 1,959 bushels; maple sugar, 73,407 pounds; molasses, 8,162 gallons; wine, 420 gallons, ete. The value of orchard pruducla was $3,434, and of market-garden products, $S,S43. Products of Animals— yfoo], 87S,S9S (in 1340,23.039) pounds; butter, 2,171,138 pounds; and cheese, 209,340 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $321,164. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 246 pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 321,711 pounds. Ho/m-tnad-e maiivfacture-s fur the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valuerl at $221,292 (in 1840, at $25^66). Ma juifact tires. — Aggregate capiliti invented, $000,0*_i0; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000; average hands emjiloyed, 00,000 — males 00,(XIO, and females 000 ; average monthly cost of labor— male $00,000, and female $0,(K)0; annual value of products. $i>iO,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward, in 165<}, was 432 ; and of these, 1 was a woolen faeltiry, 14 were tanneries, and 3 were for the manu- facture of cast iron. The balance of the manufactures and handiorafls, making up the sum of the establishments, consist of such as minister to the immeund3 ; value of all r.aw material, $3,500; hands employed, 7; monthly cost of labor, $73; entire annual value of products, $13,000; cloth produced, 14,000 yards. The tanneries employed a capital of $20,350 ; value of raw material consumed, $10,745 ; average hands, 23 ; monthly cost of labor, $543 ; number of skins tanned, SS^J, and of sides tanned, 10,630 ; value of pr'wlucts, $24,520. In the manufacture of cast irwiy $5,500 invested ; pig iron, si tons, and coke and charcoal, 200 bushels — valued at $2,.524 — consumed; average hands, 17; montlily cost of lalxir, $550; castings made, 71 tons; value of entire products, $3,500. These summaries of the different national manufactures are relatively small ; but they arc a germ which the immense water-power of the country and the spirit of the people will soon foster into interests of magnitude and importance. 0>}n?/ierc^ and Jnternal Omununicathn. — Iowa has no direct trade with foreign countries, but its trade with the Atlantic and Gulf ports is comparatively extensive, its exports eiinsisling principally of the products of agriculture and the mines, and its imports of the manufactures of Kurope and the Eastern States, groceries, wine, etc. The shipping ports are Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Muscatine City, Davenport, Lyuns, Bellevuo, Dubuque, etc., at all which places a busy trade is carried on with the interior. The annual value of the commerce of Keokuk, at the mouth of I»l-s Moines Kiver, thfjugh a city numbering less than seven years' existenoe, amounts to betwe(.-n five and six million dollars, and at the other ports the value of the import and export trade is little less in value. Keokuk is the entrepot and dep6t of the whole valley of the Des Moines — a region in which raure tlian half the population and agricultural wealth of the Su-ite is concentrated ; and when the contemplated improvements in the navigation of the river are completed, it must of neces- sity become one of the most important of "West^.Tn cummcrcial cities. Tlie exports from Dubuque consist chiefly of lead. Keokuk, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque will shortly be connected with the interior by railroads, and hence their commerce will be indt-Snitely enlarged, and the inltTesIs of the whole State be developed by the increased facilities these highways will aSbrd to transportation. Most of the railroads will centre at Iowa City, from which point a grand trunk railroad will be carried westward to Council Bluffs, on the Missouri, and thence, in the progress of events, to the Pacific Ocean. None of these roads are complt- ted ; but, perhaps, as a means of developing the wealth of the interior, these lines are of inferior importance to the grand project of opening the channel of the Des Moines to steam navigation, as befi-ro alluded to : it will thus become the channel through which the greater part of the commerce of the country will pass, and along its banks will rise up cities and towns, eijual in magnitude and wealth, to those on the Illinois or the Hudson — in fact, it will become as important to Iowa as those rivers are to the States through which they have their courses. Through Iowa will also pass a link of the great chain of North and South railroads, connecting SU Louis with the extreme settle- ments of Minnesota, etc. That portion of this chain within Missouri is already provided for, and will have the aid of tUe State to build it, and the same policy in relation to State aid will probably be pursued in Iowa. Biiuking. — The constitution provides that "no corporation with banking privilegt^s shall be created; and all persons or associations «hall be prohibited by law from lianking or creating paper to circulate as money." Govet'iunent. — The constitution, the basis of the present government of Iowa, was adopted od August, 1846. Its prin- cipal provisions are as follows : Every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years of age, insane and infamous persons excepted, having resided in the State six months and in the county in which he claims to vote thirty days, is alluwed the right of suffrage. The general election is held biennially on first Monday in August. Tiie L^gUldtiire is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate of 30 members, and a Tlouse of Keprcsenta- tives of 69 members. The number of representatives is not to exceed 72, and senators not has than a third, nor moro than a half of that number. Senat^jrs are chosen for four years, one half every two years, and must be 25 years of age ; and representatives are chosen fur two years — both senators and representatives must have been resident in the State at least one year next before the election. The governor's veto to any act of the Legislature is nullified by a subsequent two-thirds vote of both houses in favor of the rejected law. No member of either hotise is eligible to any office oreateil or the emoluments of which have been inereiised during his term of service. No person holding any lucrative office under the State or Tnited States, is eligible to a seat in the House of Representatives. No law shall embrace more than one object, and that shall be expressed in its title. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. A census of the State le taken every two years, and after each enumeration members arie apportioned among the several counties according to 823 IOWA. the number of while inhabitatito in each. The Lcgislaluro meets at Iowa Citj' biennially on the Aral Monday of De- cember. The governor is chosen for four years by a plurality of votes ; ho must bo at least 30 years of age, and have resided in the Stale two years next iireccding. In case of disability of the governor, his place is occupied by tbe Secretary of Slate, and an50 Jewish — . — . $- Tunker — . . $- Christian 8 .. 2,125 . 6,300 Lutheran 4 . 1,000 . 6,950 Union 2 . 430 . . 7,100 Congregat'l... 14 .. 4.725 . 21,550 Mennonito . . . — . — . , Unitarian — . Dutch Kef... — .. — . — Methodist 50 . 12,197 . 43,4,50 Univcrsalist.. 1 . 200 . . 1,000 Episcopal 4 .. 670. B,000 Moravian 2. 500 . 2,200 Minor Sects . . — . Free — . , Prcsbyt(Ti.an K. Catholic... "■) 6,6.)5 . 3,990 . 28,350 23,250 Friends 6.. 1,650 . 6,300 17. Total.... 143 87,769 $177,400 German Kef.. 1 .. 200 . 300 Swedeubor'g — . — . — TIic total number of churches in the State is 143, in which is provided aecommotlalion for 37,759 persons, and the value of church property is $177,400. Iowa constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is included in the Eoman Catholic diocese of Dubuque. Education.— K superintendent ot piiUio instruction is chosen by the people for three years. All lands granted by Congress to this State, all escheated estates, and such per centage as may be granted by Congress on the sale of the Pub- lic Lands in Iowa, constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of which, and the rents of the unsold hands, are applicable to the support of common schools. It is tlie duty of the Legislature to provide a school in each school district for at least three months in each year; and all moneys reeeivc acres, was purehaseil of the Sacs and Foxes for the sum of $1,000,000. This tract, known as the "new purchase," now contains sume of the finest counties in the Stale, though a large part of it was occupied by the Intlians until October in ls45. The rultowattomies, who inhabited the south-western comer of the State, and the Winnebagoes. who occujiio^l the " neutral ground," a strip of country on the northern borders, have been peaceably removed within the past few years, and the Indian title thus became extinct in the whole country lying within the established limits of the State of Iowa. — ^^arffent ITktorlcal Sketch. — Iowa was originally a part of the French province of Louisiana, which was purchased by the United States in 1303. The first white settlemcTits were made in 16SG, at Dubu(}ue, by Frenchmen, who built a fort at that point and commenced a trade with the Indians, which was the sole dependence of (lie place for more than a century and a half. It is here that the great lead mines of the State were first discovered, but at a later jjcriod. The territory LOW corapl-isc-d within the State was a part of the Missouri Territory from 1804 to 1S21. but after that was placed suc- cessively un3'J, Burlington, on the Mississippi, was the seat of government. Iowa county, la. Situate S. F. centrally, and contains 570 sq. m. Iowa r. passes E. through the N,, and its branch, English r., through the S. Stirtiice rolling; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Good timber on the streams, and some prairie between. Farms 70 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 143, and pop.~wh. 822, fr. col. 0— total 623. Capital: Marengo. Fuhlic Works: Council BlufTsE. R. Iowa county, Wise. Situate S. W., and contains 752 sq. m. Bounded N. l)y Wisconsin r., and tirained N. by its affluents, S. by beads of Peckatonica r., a branch of Rock r. Surface considerably broken, and inclining N. and E. from a ridge or watershed crossing the county ; soil very pr«> ductive, with a basis of limestone. The chief wealth con- sists in its great mineral deposites ; of these lead and cop- per are the principal, and great quantities of them are :i9 was iu the wilderness: in that year it was selected by the legislature as the seat of govemmenU Pop. 2,'2G2. Iowa river, /(/. ; a considerable affluent of the MississippL It rises in Hancock county, and passes in an E. S. E. and E. direction tliroiigh Fvauklih, Hardin, M.irshall, Tama, Iowa, and Johnson counties, in the latter of which it sud- denly turns lollie S., and on enti^-ing Louisa county, again changes its direcliou S. E., and disembogues into the Mis- sissippi by two mouths, forming a delta, the sides of which are about six miles m length; Ibe upper fork is the main stream, and empties opposite Edward's r. of Illinois, and the other, called the Iowa Slough, is the lower fork. The river is navigable for light draft steamers at all seasons, and for boats nmch farther \\\\ Its whole length is 300 miles. Red Ce*kir r., its main branch, enters at Fredonia, and at certain seasons is navigai)Ie for kee l-boata 100 miles from its moutli. The Iowa is a fine clear stream, and affords in its course innumerable mill seals and eligible city sites. lowAviLLE, p. v., Van Iluren county, la. : on the N. side of Des Moines r., Gl m. S. S. W. Iowa City. It has several large stores, 3 mills, 50 houses, and about 300 in- habitanla. Irswicn, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., 3fngfi. : on Ipswich r., 25 m. N. N. E. Boston. The t. has an uneven surface and a productive soil. The v. lies on both sides of Ihe r., which is passed by a stone bridge, 2 m. from its mouth. It has a court-house, jail, a noted female seminary, a bank, several commercial houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. On the r., just above, are large factories. The r. is navigable, and the port had in 1S50, 573 tons shipping, mostly in the coasting trade. The Eastern R. R. pai^es through the v. 25 m. from Boston. The '* Ip.swich Clarion," a semi-monthly literary, is published here. Pop. of t. 3.349. IiiA, t, and p. v., St. Cla'r county, Mich. : 93 m. E. by S. Lansing. It lies on the N. shore of Lake St. Clair, and is drained by Swan and Lautries rivers. Soil fertile, and sur- face undulating, and well covered with pine timber. Pop. of t. 597. Ira, t. and p. v., Cayuga CO., K Y. : 141 m. W. N". W. Albany. Little Sodue cr. touches the N., but Ihe streams are small. Surface* level, and soil very fertile. Farming is S2o IRA ISL the chiff pursuit. The v. has a hotel and several stores, Top. of t, 2,110. Ira, L iiuy Black r., which flows into IMm Mciuphremnp>g. The v. is ou the river, ami con- tains a court-house, jail, 2 stores, and a few houses. The " Orleans Gazetu.-" (whig), is published here weekly. Pop. of U 1 ,UU. Uixxn-LL county, A' Car. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains CSJ »q. m. Itounded S. W. by Catawba r.. a hcatl of Santee r., and drained N. and K. by numerous affluent of Yadkin r. Surface broken and hilly, alfurdiiig excellent water-power; soil very productive of wheat, com, and cotton, which are the leading staples, and furnishes fine pualurage. It has some good limber. Farms 1,0110 ; manuf. aa, dwell. 1,SS4, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. SO, si. 4,142 —total H.Tiy. CapiUd: tttaleaville. IBKl„i^■D, p. o., Ilampdcu co., Ma^s.: S2 m. W. by S. Boslou. Ieblam>, p. o., Lewis county, Virg. : 159 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. luKLANiJ CoRNMtcs, p. 0., AlV>any co., y. Y. Ikl^u Gkove, p. o., Atchison CO., Jlo.: 214 m. N. "W. Jeffersun Ciiy. liuaii ItipPLK, p. c, Lawrence county, Pemi.: ISO m. W. N. W. llarrisbnrg. ItoN county, Utah Tsr. Situate S., stretching K. and TT. across tiie Territory between latitudes 3P 30' and 35° 30'. Surface rnucli varind, and where best known, well wooded snd alxmnding in bituminous coal, salt, and gypsum. FwTttS 54 ; mauuf. 2 ; dwell. 86, and iioj).- wh, 300, fr. col. a— total 360. Ciipitai: — • Ieon CaKBK, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich, : 43 m. S. E. Lfmscug. iBOKi'Ki^iroiT, t, and p. v., Wonroe co., IT. T. : 1S9 in. W. N. \V. Albany. Genesee r. bounds it on the W., Lake Ontario N., and W. Irondequoit Bay. Surface level, with Band-hills in the K.,and soil pnxluctive, It has some com- merce, and is a resort for Ilshing. Top. 2,^)97. Ieondequoit bay, MonrtH* co., JV". >'. .• an arm of Lake Ontario, 6 m. deep and 1 in. wide. A creek of the same name, which aflV.rds numerous mill-silcs. falU* into the bay. Fi.sh of various descriptions are Ijiken here in abundance. Iron Fuenace, p. o,, Soiolo co., Ohio: S3 m. S. by E. Coluinbua. Ibon .Mofntain, p. o., St. Francis co., 3fo. : 9S m. S. E. Jefferson City. Thu celebraied Iron Mountain lies on the E. extreme of tlie Ozark .Mountjuiis, is li m. b.ng, 1 m. broad, and 444 feet high. The top is solid ore, a micaceous oxide of iron of superior quality, yielding 60 per cent, of niL-Ul, and in the crude state is used to manufacture edge tools. The amount that may be made is immense, and is soon lo be brouglii into imiverscJ use by a railroad from St. Louis. luoM UiDGK, p. v., Dodgo CO., Wise : 51 m. N. E. by E. Madison. IfioK nis, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the Ohio r., near UiD mouth of Stormes' cr., 97 m. S. S. E. Cohnnbus. It is a Bne little tIUukc of rapid growth, the terminus of the Iron K. R., and the shippinjj port for the iron of a rich and ex- tensive mining region. It bus a Hne dcp6t, scver.il large stores and warehouses, and a largo trade. The '-Ironlon Kegisu-r" (neutral), is pHldished hero weekly. iKoNwoon Blcw, p. 0., Itawamba countv, Mi^s. : 179 m. N. N. E. Jackson. iKOQuoie county, III Situate K. E., and contains 1.39S eq, m. nrained by Sugar cr., Iroquois r., aud other br.-inches 82G of Kankakee r., which flows on its N. border, and soon into the Illinois. Surface mostly low and level, with many swamps and marshes, and some prairie ; s(tlls usually pro- ductive, raising good crops of corn, aud feeding numbers of cattle and swine. Farms 3SI ; manuf ; dwell. 71&, and pop.— wh. 4,072, fr. coL 7T— total 4,149. Capital: Middleport, Inoguois, p. v., Iroquois co., Ili. : on the Iroquois r., 131 m. E. N. E. Springfleld. It contains a large hotel, several fine stores, and two mills. Ibville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: about 2 m. from the Ohio Canal. 45 m. E. by N. Columbus. It has sei-eral stores, and 20d landing, and several sti^res and dwellings. Irving, p. o., Barry co., Mich,: 44 m. W. by S. Lansing. Irving College, p. o., Warren co., Tenn.: 53 m. S. E. Nashville. Irwin count)', Git. Situate S. centrally, and contains 2.064 sq. m. Drained by OcmuJgee r., its N. E. line, and heads of Santilla (or St. lUa) r., streams flowing into the Atlantic, and Little r. New r., Allapahaw r., aud their branches, heads of Suwauee r., emptying into the Gulf Surface diversified, with no great elevations, and much low land ; soil productive of the grains, on which many cattle and hogs are raised, and cotton. Timber is abundant, pine particularly. Farms 414; manuf. 0; dwell. 44S, and pt)p.— wh. 2,8S3, fr. col. 1, si. 45t>— total 3,334. Capital: Irwins- ville. Public Worses : Savannah and Pensacola E. li. Irwin's Cross Koads, p. o., Washington co., Ga.: 26 m. S. E. Miliedgeville. lawiNsviLt^, p. T., and cap. Irwin co., Oa. : about 3 m. E. Allapahaw r., 102 m. S. by W. Miliedgeville. It has a court-house, jail, etc., a few stores, and 20 dwellings. Ikwinton, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Ga.: atwut 6m. W. Oconee r., 19 ra. S. Miliedgeville. It has a court-house, jail, academy, three churches, and 160 inhabitants. IsAHET-LA county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Chip- pewa, and Pine rivers, affluents of the Saginaw. A new county, unorganized in 1S50. IscuuA river, iV. }'. ; an aflliient of Oil cr., from Cattar- augus CO., and which, through that river, empties into the Alleghany at Oh-nn. IsLA-.D O.EEK, t. and p. o., Jefferson co,, Ohio : on tU© Ohio r., 12G m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Island er. Surface uneven, and soil very fertile, and excellent gniziiig. Wool is largely grown. Pop. 1,937. Island Foeo, p. o., i.*utherford county, ^. Car. : 202 ra. W. by S. Raleigh. Island Grove, sta., Morgan co., III. : on the Sangamon and Morgan R. P.., 19 m. from Springfield. Ipleait Chaib, ^^. y.: an island of the St Lawrence, of which there is another on the British side of the same name, between which the dividing lino of the two countries passes. The one ou the American aide of the line belongs to the t of Louisville, St. Lawrence co. LsLE Au Gallop, N. >'.; an island of the St. Lawrence, and a part of tho t. of Lisbon, in St. Lawrence co. Isle au Rapid, an island of St. Lawrence r., in the t of Matlrid, St. Lawrence co. IsLEBOEouttU, t. and p. v., Waldo co., 3fe. : in Penobscot Bay, 47 m. E. Augusta. It is composed of a large, and several small islands near it, which have a fertile soil, with ISL IZA 0ne harbors, much frequented by fishermen and coasters. l'"ishingr 13 the chief pursuit. Pop. of I. 9S4. Isle Biirville, p. o., Natchitoches par., La. : 1139 m. N.W. Baton Kouge. Isle of Shoals; a cluster of islands in the Atlantic. 8 m. from I'ortsmoulh llarbor, and called Hog, Duck, Star, Smutty Nose, Londoner, White, and Malaga. They consti- tute the t. of Gosport, and are chiefly composed of rocks. Several of the islands have been connected with each other by sea walls, and their harbors otherwise improved. Tho iidiabilanis are fishermen, and besides supplying the Ports- mouth market, salt large quantities lor export. Pop. 103. Isle os" Wight c^^unty, Virg. Situate S. E., and contains 852 sq. m. Bounded W. by Black r., a head of Chowan r., and N. E. by James r. Surlaoe various, with some good mill seats ; soil mostly fertile. Corn is the staple. Sweet polat«x-s are nnich grown, and many hogs fattened. It has fine peach orchards, and its poach brandy is much nfited. Farms 629; manuf. 13; dwell. 1.2U0, and pop.— wh. 4.724, fr. col. 1.2^:54, si. 3.395— total 1»,35;3. OipitaZ : SmithflL-ld. Public Worl-^ : Norfolk and Petersburg E. K. ; Seaboard and Koanoke U. li. IsLip. t. .and p. v., Suffolk co., K T. : on the Atlantic, 129 m. S. S. E. AJbany. The surface is level, and soil sandy and mostly produetiv'e,witli few streams. The v. contains two churchea, and several stores and dwellings. Pop. of t.'2.602. IsNET, p. 0., Choctaw county, Ala.: 122 m. W. by S. Montgomery. IsoRS'8 Stobe, p. 0., Maury co., Tetut.: 83 m. S. S. W. Nashville, Ispahan, p, c, Fayette county, Teniu: 163 m. S. "W. Naslivillc. Israel's river, Coos co., J^. Ramp. : a noted tributary of the Connecticut r., firmed by the casca— wh. 366, fr. col. 7, si. 4,105— total 4,47S. CapiUil: TaUula. Italy IIill, p. o., Yates co., K Y. : 173 m. W. Albany. Italy Hollow, p. o., Yates county, iV'. Y. : 176 m. W. Albany. Itasca county, Minn. Situate N. E. part of the Territory, and extent not ascertJiiiied. It lies on the N. line of llie U. S., and has on the N. a chain of lakes and rivers, extend- ing from Lake of the Woods to Lake Superior, the last forming its E. boundary. It is bounded 8. by P.amsey and Washington counties, and W. by the Mississii»[»i r. and Pt-mbina co. It embraces a largo territory, liardly sellkd at all by white men, and little known. excej)t by hunlers and the natives, between whom a lively trade is kept up in furs, the only important product of the or). Many streams afford fine fishing and facilitate travel, most of which liavc one or more lakes emptying into iheni. The largest of these are Mississippi r. and its lakes, ('ass, and Winnibigos- hish. Flowing E. mU^ Lake Superior are Embarras r, East Swan r., Second Embarras r., and Cloquet r.. branches of Sl Louis r.— a large stream—Knife r.. Gooseberry r.. Bap- tism r.,elc. Farms 36; manuf. 0; dwell. 28, and po]).—wh. 97. Itasca Lake, Min n. Ter. : a small lake, the source of the head stream of the Mississippi r. Lat. 47° 10' N., and long. 950 M' W.— 3,160 DL above the Gulf of Mexico. It is a beautiful lake, lying among the hills, surrounded by pines. 1 13 outlet is 10 or 12 feet wide, and from 12 to IS inches deep. It was discovered by Schwdcrafl, July 13, 1S32. Itawamba county, MUs. Situate N. E., and contains 94S sq. m. Drauicd by several head streams of Tombigbee r. Surface level or undutatiug; soil mostly very productive. Cotton is the staple, and corn but lillle inferior in ita yield. Farms 1,499 ; manuf. 6 ; dwt-lL 1,S62, and pop.— wh. 11.395. (V. col. 6, si. 2.127— total 13.528. Capital: Fulton. Public M'ltrA-.'i: Mobile and Ohio 11. E, Ituaoa, t., p. v., and cap. Tompkins co., 2^. Y, : 134 m. W. Albany. ■ Drained by Fall, SLx Mile, an'l Cascadilla creeks, whit-h full into Cayuga Lake. The v. is situated on a plain, IJ m. S. of the lake, and on both sides of Cayuga inlet, whiili is navigable for large canal boats. The alluvial flat, on which the city is cliiefly located, is inclised on three sides by hills, which rise gradually to the height of 500 feet, and a part of the v. lies on the hill overlookiug the beautiful lake in its front. The streets are at right angles, forming square blocks ; its buildings are usually neat and commodious, and most of the tiiorough fares are orna- mented with shade trees. In available hydraulic power applicable t»> manufactures Ithaca is second to no other vil- lage in the SLate, aud it is already engaged largely in indus- trial pursuits. The streams before named, in descending fri.m the hills, have numerous falls. Fall cr. descends 4^i3 feet in the course of a mile, having three successive falls of 70, 50, and 116 feet, llio latter a grand caU'iraet, and in an unbroken sheet, and other falls in the vicinity of the place are almost co-equal in extent and grandeur with these. The maTiufacturts of the jilace comprise extensive cotton and woolen mills, flouring mills, iron works, machine shops, plaster mills, paper mills, and a variety of other industrial establishments. Its commercial advantages are also great. SoutJiward the Cayuga and Susquehanna It. K. gives it access to the iron and coal fields of Pennsylvania, and at Owego it unites with the New York and Erie K. It., forming a direct roilto to New York City; and Xortliward through Cayuga Lake and Senwa Canid it communicates with the Erie Canal and the central chain of railroads extending between Albany and Bullalo. The principal c-'iports south are plaster, flour, etc., which are exchanged for the coal, iron, etc., of that region. Ithaca has two newspapers, the '*I. Chronicle" (whig), issued daily and weekly, and the '' I. Journal" (dem.), issued weekly. The v. was planned in ISOO by Simeon De Witt, and in 1S21 it was incorporated. Pop. in 1830,3,324; in 1S40, 5,650 ; and in 1S50, 6.909. Ithaca, p. 0., iJarkc county, Ohio: 87 m. W. N, W. Columbus. Ive's, slji., Hampden t. New Haven co., Cottn.: on the New Haven and Norlhamptoii K. E., 7 m. from New Ilaveu. Ive's Gaol's, p. v., Kacine co.. Wise: 79 m. E. S. E. Madison. A plank road passes W. through this village 11 m. from Pacine. IvF.'s Store, p. o., Princess Anno eo., Vir(/. : 94 m. S. E. Bichmoud. Ivy, p. o., Yancey co., A*! Car. : 20C m. W. Ealeigh. Ivy Island, p. o., Edgefield dist., *S'. Cktr. : 78 m. W. 3. W, Culumbia. IvY Lo<^i, p. v.. Union county, Ga.: 147 m. N. N. W. Millcdgrville. Ivy Mills, p. v., Delaware co., renn.: S3 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. IsoMA, t. aud p. v., Jefferson co., TH-so. ; on Kock r., 41 m. E. by N. Mailison. The t. ha.s a rolling surface, well timbered, and fine wattr-power. The soil is vcr>- rich, with prime grass lands. Tlie v. lies on the left bank of Bock r., aii'l contains several stores and mills, and about 2'*ii inhab- ilanls. The plank road from Milwaukee to Madison passes through the town. Pop. of 1. 1,113. IzAP.D county, Jj-X: Situate N. centrally, and contains S41 sq. m. Drained by White r., which runs through the county from N. W. to S. E., and its branched Pine cr., Buffalo fork, etc. Surface somewhat elevated, but pretty even ; soil very fertile and excellent for grass and grain. The pine is very abundant. Cattle and swine are raised in largo numbers. Farms 832 ; m:muf. 7 ; dwell. 496, and j»,,p,-_\vh. 3,017, Ir. coL 0, sL 196— total 8,213. Capital: Athens. 82T JAC JAC J. Jacinto, p. v., and cap. Tishcmintro co., Mi^. : 191 ni. N. N. K. Jackson. It contains a courl-h<»iiM-, jail, etc., sev- eral stores antl shops, and about 150 inhabitants. The " North Mississippi Union," a weekly paper, is published \n Ihid village, Jacksbop.ougii, p. v., and cap. Campbell co., Tenn.: 14S ni. E. by N. Nashville. It has ft court-house, jail, a few alorcs and dwellinjfs, and 100 inhabitants. Jack's Chehk, p. o., Henderson county, Tenn.: 102 na. W. S. "W. Nashville. Jack's Foi:k8, p. o., Texas co.. Mo. : on a branch of Cur- rent r. so called, 106 m. S. S. K. Jeffer-'^on City. Jaokbon county, Ala. Situate N. K., and contains 1,037 eq. m. Ti-nnossee r. runs S. W. through the E. part, aud Raccoon cr. and other branches drain iL Surface various, with considerable low land; soil very fertiie. Cotton and com are Iho great staples. Wheat ;;rows well, and many hogs arc rait>ed. Farms B56 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 2,000, and pop.— wh. 11,750, fr. col. 4(i, si. 2,2it2— total 14,083. Cup- iUd: Beltefonte. PitbUc Works : Memphis aud Charleston K. E, ; Nashville and Chattanooga li. K. Jackson county, Ark. Situate N. E., and contaiua 67!) sq. m. It lies Ijelwcen Big Black and ^Yhite rivers on the W., and Cache r., a branch of White r., on the E. Surface mosliy undulating or level ; soil fine and well adapted to grazing. Corn is the staple, and large numbers of cattle and swine are raised. It has a great deal of excellent ash and cypress timber on its streams. Farms 233 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 417, and pop.— wh. 2,517, fr. col. 6, sL 5G3— total 8,0SC. CapiUd : Elizabeth. Jackson county, Flor. Situ.ite N. W., and contains 929 eq. m. Appalaehicola r. forms its E. boundary, and Chipola r., a branch of it, with' ita allluents, drains it. Surface lerel, with slight hills; soil generally fertile, on the streams very rich. Cnitou is the great stiiplc. Corn and wheat are good crops, and many cattle and swine are kept. Farms 2S7; manuf. 0; dwt^U. 5G0, and pop. — wh. 3,075, fr. col. SO, si. gjSat—lotal 6,W9. C, si. 2.1)11— total 9,763. CaplUil: Jefferson. Jackson county. III. Situate S. "W., and contains B?3 pq. m. Draiiurd by branches of Big Muddy r., a navigable stream crossing it S. W. to the Mississippi, which is ita S.W. boundary. Surface rolling or slightly broken, with much timber and some prairie and swamp land ; soil very fertile, with excellent grazing. On Big Muddy r. are salt springs and immense deposits of coal. Copper is found. Farms 604; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,033, and pop.— wh. 5.S29, fr. col. 33— total 5,802. Capital: Murphysboro'. riiblic Works: Illinois Central R. K. Jackson county, Ind. Situate S. contmlly, and contains 624 aq. m. Drained by Driftwood, "While, Salt, and Mus- calaluck creeks, all line mill streams. Surface level or un- dulating, with some "knobs" in the N. The bottoms are large and rich, and the soil generally sandy clay. Most of the county is well timbered. All the grains yield great crops, and mueh beef and pork is fattened. Indian mounds arc found In the N. Farms 1,173; manuf. IS; dwell. 1.0G5, aud pop.— wh. 10,Ki7, ft-, col. 210— total 11,047. Ckipital: Browustown. PtihlUi Works: Jcffer^onville R, R. Jackson county, la. Situate E., and contains 643 sq. m. Drained by Macoquetais r. and its branches, aflluenia of the Mississippi, its E. boundary. Surface diversified, in parts brokv-n ; soil good and well timbered, producing the cereals in abundance. Th'ia county ia rich in minerals. It lies opposite the Galena lead district, and is abundantly supplied with lead, iron ore, copper, zinc, and gypsum. Fanna 703; manuf, 10; dwell. 1,277, aud pop.— wh. 7,201, fr. col. 9— total 7,210. CoNTOMrN, p. T., Licking co., Ohio: about 4 m. E. of Uie Ohio CnnaJ, 29 m. E. Columbus. It has suvural stores and 300 inhabitants. Jackson Vallet, p. v., Susquehanna ca, Perm.: 132 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Ala.: on Chocoloche cr. of Coosa r., 102 ra. N, N. E. Montgomerj'. It contains a court-house, jail, several large stores, a few mauufaetorics of farming implements, and 716 inhabitants. The " KepubUcau" (dem.) is issued weekly. Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Duvall co.^Fhyr.: on the Icfl bank of Si. John's r., about 20 ra. from its mouth, 162 m. E. Tallaha-ssee. The SL John's, here 1 m. wide. furni)*he9 access to tlie interior and the K. coast, carrying hence heavy c:irgoe8 of cotton, and bringing hither many invalids at- Irnctetl by the mildness of the cliraatc. It contains a court- house, jail, academy, and several stores. Top. 1,145. Jacksonville, p. v., and cap. Telfair co., Ga. : on the left bank of Ocmulgee r., 94 ni. S. by E. Milledgeville. It con- tains a court-house, Jail, academy, and about 119 inhab- itants. Jacksontille, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., lU. : 80 m. W. Springfield. It is near Mauvaiselerre er., surrounded by rich i>rairie, an8, p. o., Washington co., TIvih. ; 244 m. E. Nashville. jAMia' Fork, p. o., Crawford co., Ark, : on a branch of Potcau r. so called, VU m. W. N. W. Little Kock. James' Mill, p. o., Monroe co., JU.: 112 m. S. S. W. Epriniitlelcl. jAMii>oN's, p. 0., Owen co., K»j. : 22 m. N. Frankfort Jamf.si'Obt, p. v.. Suffolk co,, iV. Y.: about 2 m. from Great I'econic Bay, 1^4 m. S. E. by S. Albany. It is on the Long Island K. li.. 16 in. from GreenporL jAMii^TOWN, v., Tuiiluiiine co., CaUf. : on the Tuolumne r., above the juiiclioii of llattlesnakc cr., 1^9 m. E. S. E. Vallejo. Jamestown, L and p. v., Boone co., Ind. : 26 m.W. N.W Indianapolis. JAMt'JiTowN, p. o., Clinton county, lU.: S5 m. S. by E. Spriugtield. JAM^;sT0WN, p. v., and cap. Kusscll co., Kt/. : about 5 m. N. of CunilKTland r., 83 m. 3. Frankfort. It e«inlains the county buildings, several stortrs, and 200 inhabitants. Jamestown, p. o., Moniteau co., Mo. : W. Jefferson City. Jampktown, p. v., Chimtauque county, U, Y.: 2S1 m. W. by S. Albany. It is near the S. E. end of Chautauque lake, or Conewango cr., its outlet, which furuibhes fine water- power. The lake is crossed to Maysville, 21 m., by steam- boats. The V. has numerous and valuable manufactures of flour, woolens, cabinet ware, Kiitherj iron ware, and agrieullural implements. It contains 6 churches, a bank, an atadeniy, 25 stores, and about 2.tWu inhabitants. Jam&>town, p. 0., Guilford co., K. Cur. : on W. side of Deep r.. SI m. "VV. by N. Raleigh. Jamestown, v., Virg. : on the N. bank of James r.. 46 m. E. S. E. Kiehmond. Here, 32 m. al>i>ve the nututh of James r., was the first permanent EnglisJi settlement in Anu-riea. made in 1607. Ilistorieul associations have made U classical ground, which business does not disturb. The only remains of the first aetllenient are the ivy-eovered ruins of a church and the moss-grown stones in the cliureh- yard. Jamestown, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: on Cawar's cr. of Uie Little Miami. 44 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It eon- tains 3 churches, several mills, a high school, 6 .stores, and about 4O0 inhabitants. Jamestown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : on Shenango cr., 214 m. N. \V. by W. Harrisburg. It contains several sl inliabitajits. Jamkstown, p. 0., Muscogee oo., Ga. : 115 m. "W. S. W. MiUedgeville. Jamestown, p. v., and cap. Fentress eo., T^nn. : 126 m. E. by N. Nashville. It lies at the foot of Cumberland Mountain, and contains the county buildings and a few ston-fl ;uid dwi-Uitigs. JAMtsTowN, t. and p. v., New]>ort co., R. I. : in Narra- gansett Bay, 22 m. S. rroviiiemx-. The t. comprises C<> nonicut Island, and baa a rich soil, adapted to [jrass and corn. A fine farming I., 1 m. W. from Newp<.>rt and 1 m. E. South Kingston, with ft-rries to both places. Top-nft. So8, Ja,mf^.town, t. and p. v., Grant eo., IFwe. ; on the Mis- sissippi, 74 m. W. S. IrV. Madison. The t. is well draine<] by affluents of the Mississippi. alTording goud mill-sites, is uneven, and very fertile. The v. is small and on the river. I*bp. of t. 632. Jau&svti.lr, p. v., Onondaga co., A' Y. : on the W. side of Butternut cr., which furnishea water-power, 124 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains 4 churches, 2 hotels, 6 mills for floor atvl gyp?um, and 450 inhabitants. Jamison's. sI.t.. C>rang(burg dist., S. Car. : on the Colum- bia Branch of the S. C'aroliua II, R., 7 m. N. Orangeburg, 43 m. S. Columbia. JANELE0, p. o., Lewis couhIv, H/v- • l&T m. W. N. W. Kichni'ind. Janestille, L and p. y.., Eock co., Wise: on Rock r., &4 m. 8. S. E. Madison. The t. has a rich and highly cul- tivalecl soil and even surface. The v. occui)ie8 both sidiw of Rock r. back - the bluffs, which are 100 feet high, and has several largo mills on tlie excellent sites the falls here afford. The court-house occupies a bold eminence, over- looking a jail, several large stores, and many flue dwellings. Its trade is extensive and rapidly iucrea&ing. A railroad to Chicago is commenced. Two weeklies, the '' JancsviHe Gazette" (whig), and ''Bock C-ouuty Badger" (dL-m.), arc published. Pop. 3.419. Jarbatts, p. v., Sussex co., Virg. : on Noltaway r.. 4^ m. S. Kiehmond. The Pi-tersburg li. II. passoe through the v. 81 m. from Petersburg and S3 m. from Weldou. jAKKETKi Ford, p. o., Kanawha county, Virg.: 219 m. W. by N. Rit^unond. Jakkettsvillk, p. v., Harford CO., Mil. : near Deer cr., 45 m. N. Annajiolis. Jasper county, Gn. Situate N. centrally, and contains 869 sq. m. Drained by aflluonts of Ocmulgee r., its W. boundary, and E. by heads of Oconee r. Surface various; soils very fertile. Cotton is the staple, for which the country is admirably adapted, raising very large crops of excellent quality. Corn au'l wheat yield well. It has some watt-r- power. Farms 5SS; manuf 12; dwell. S12, and pop. — wh. 4,323, fr. col. 29, si. 7,134r-tolal ll,4>i6. Capital: Monti- cello. Jaspeb county, IlL Situate S. E., and contains 456 sq. ni. Drained by Embarras and heads of Little Wabash r.. IkiIIi branches of Wabash r. Surface low and level, and in parts marshy; soil wet and not sufficiently drained. This done it would bo very productive. Much of it is prairie, and part well timbered. Com is chiefly grown. Farms 2SS; manuf. 0; dwell. 5SS, and pop.— wh. 3,206, and fr. col. 14— total 3.220. Gapihd: Newton. Jasper county, Jnd. Situnto N. W., and oontains 073 sq. m. Drained by Kankakee r., its N. lutuiidary, and 1'ii.kamink, or Iroquois r., its branch, with their antucnts. Beaver Lake, in the N. W\, is the largest sheet of water fn the Su-ite, and abounds in excellent flsh. Surface IcTcl, mostly wet or dry prairie, interspersed with grn\es or oak ofKiiings. Much uf the land is fi rtile, and wdl adapted to grazing. Wheat, corn, and oats are the ccri-:ii staples. Farms :.143 ; manuf. 4: dwell. 592, and p.ip.— wh. 3,539, fr. col. 1— total 3,540. Capital: Renseehur. Jaspek county, fa. Situate E. ceriirally, and contains 74:3 sq. ra. Drained by N. and S. forks of Chieagua. or Skunk r, which runs S. E. U) the Missis.wing X. into 0.-*age r., and S. by N. and S. forks of Spring r., Centre cr., and olber aflluenta of Neosho r., which runs into the Arkansas. Surface elevated and broken in p.orta, but mostly undulating; soil highly productive. Corn is the chief crop, but all the cereals tlirive, and there is excellent pasturage. Cattle and hogs are raised in great numbers. Farms 40S ; manuf. S ; dwell. 6W, and pop.— wh. 4,009, fr. col. 1, si. 213— total 4,223. Capital: Carthage. Jasper county, T«r. Situate E. near Sabine r., and con- tains &S2 sq. m. Drtiinod N. by Angelina r., and other affluenls of Nechcs r., which forms its W. boundary,' and with its branches drains most of the connly. Surface un- dulating in the S., in the N. hilly; soil on the Angelina and Nechcs, which ovcrOow Ihoir banks, a rich alluvial bottom of great fertility, producing heavy crops of com, cotton, and sugar. Back of this the soil is sandy and much less fiTlile. The county is well timbered, and the Angelina and Neches, large navigable streams, make exportation easy and markets couvenienL Farms I'JS ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 193, and pop.— wh. 1,226, fr. coL 0, si. 541— total 1,767. Capital: Jasper. Jaspee, p. v., and ciip. Walker co., Ala. : 116 m. N. N.TV. Montgomery. Jasi'kb, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Arl: : 104 m. N. N.W. Little Rock. It contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Jasper, p. v., and cap. llamilton co., I-^or. : about 5 m. E. of Allapahais r., SI m. K. by N. Tallahassee. It contains a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. Jaspbe, p. v., and cap. Dubois co., Tiuf. : on the right bank of Patoka cr., 101 m. S. S.'W. Indianapolis. It con- tains a court-house, jail, hotel, several stores, and 400 in- habitants. Jaspbk, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A1 Y. : 204 m. W. by S. Albany. The t. has an nndulating surface and loamy soil, well ntted for grazing, and is drained by Bennett's and Tusearora creeks. It is a farming t. and has a pop. of 1,749. Jasper, p. v.. Pike co., Ohio : on the Scioto r. and Ohio Canal, 61 m. S. Columbus. Pop. 84. Jaspek, p. v., and oaj). Marion co., Tenn. : on Sequatchy r., 92 m. S. K. Nashville. It is a small v. contaiuing Uie county boildings. Jasper, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., Tex. : on the W. bank of Sandy cr., a branch of Uie Neches, 124 ra. E. by N, Austin City. It occupies the centre of an extensive plain, and contains a court-house, 8 stores, hotel,* and 200 in- habitants. Jatt, p. o., Rapides par., La. : 117 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. Jatton, p. 0., Grant county, Ind.: 64 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis, Java, I. an«i p. o., Wyoming county, K T: .■ 244 m. W. Albany. Drained by Seneca cr., which has a few mill sites. Surface rolling; soil cluyey loam, adapted to grass. Farm- ing is the chief business. Pop. 2,2i5. Java. p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: 117 m. N. N.W. Columbus, Java Tn.i.Ar,E, p. v., Wyoming co., A^ T. : on Seneca cr., 245 m. W. Albany. It contains a church, hotel, several mills, and 200 inhablumts. Jat county, fnd. Situate on middle of E. line, and con- tains 862 sq. m. Draino.1 by Wabash r., and Salamonic r., its branch, with their atTluents. Surface rolling or level; sol s everywhere very productive, with plentv of timber. II la a fine grazing regiun. Com, wheat, and pork are the t'^rl"'^ ^"'"' ^'^' "'^""^- 9; <»^'eU. 1,179, an4; manuf. 12; dwell. 1,119, and pop.— wh. 6,407, fr. &->L 9, si. 512— total 6,928. Capital: Hillsboro'. Public Works: Iron Mountain E. E. Jefferson county, A\ Y. : Situate along E. shore of Lake Ontario, and contains 1,125 sq. m. Bounded N. "W. by SL Lawrence r., and drained by Indian r. flowing N. into it, and Black r.,Cbaumont,Stoney, and Sandy creeks, flowing into the lake. Surface for 10 m. back from the lake, level or undulating; it then slopes to the S. E., and Ix'comes broken and hilly. Most of the county is of the transition formation, consisting of Potsdam sandstone and varieties of limestone and shale. Bog, specular, and spaltic iron ores, tremolite,fluor spar, green malachite, heavy spar, peat, etc., are found. Soil a rirh sandy loam, verj' productive. In the N. "W. great crops of wiieat are raised ; in the S. E. is ex- cellent grazing, and the swamps produce many cranberries for exp<.irt. Farming is the chief pursuit ; large dairies are kept, thousamls of cattle and swine sent to market, much flax raised, and many sheep sheared. Its manufactures are extensive, chiefly of fiour, lumber, iron, leather, pot:ish, and woolen goods. Its commerce and shipping arc large, and interior communication good and improving. Sacketl's Harbor is one of the best on the lake, and the water-power on Black r. immense. Farms 5,490; manuf. 630: dwell. 11,926, and pop.— wh. C7.97I, fr. col. 1S2— total 6^,153. Capital: Watertown. Piihlic Work-'i: Walertown and Eome E. E. ; Sackett's Harbor E. E. ; "Watertowu and Potsdam E. E. Jhfferson county, Ohio. Situate E. on Ohio r., and con- tains 362 sq. m. Drained by Yellow, Cross, Short, and Wells creeks, affluents of the Ohio, its E. boumlary. Sur- face considerably broken, with numerous grN^l mil! sireams ; so'l very productive, equally adapted to grain and grass. Wheat, oorn, and oats arc farming staples, and mueh atten- tion is paid to wool growing. Its manufactures are impor- tant, chiefly flour, leather, and woolen goods. Ks lumber is valuable, and cial and iron are abundant. Farms 1,881 ; manuf. 3sl ; dwell. 5,191, and pop.— wh. 23,526, fr. col. 606 —total 29,132. Capitul : Steuben\ille. Public Works : SteubenvUle and Indiana E. K. ; Wellsville and ■Wheeling Eailroad. Jeiterson county, P^mn. Situate "W. centrally, and con- tains 479 sq. m. Drained by Mahoning and Bank creeks, flowing W. into Alleghany r. Surface broken and hilly, afibrding many fine mill seats ; soil good, with beautiful and verj- fertile valleys, and generally ex-cellent pasturage. The grains yield abundantly, and there is good timber. Iron ore and coal exist in all parts in profusion. Farms 1,170 ; manuf. 2112; dwell. 2.2.".3, and pop.— wh. 13,421, ir. col. 97— total 13,573. Capital: Brookville. Jefferson county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 413 sq. m. It lies between Holston and Nolichucky rivers, and is dr.ained by their branches. Surfaw rongh ami broken, weU wooded, and abundanUy supplied with water-power; soil fertile. Corn and wheat are staples. A great many hogs are raised. It has several manufactures of importance, fiour, leather, liquors, powder, woolen goods, etc Farms 904; manuf. 72; dwell. 1,975, and pop.— wh. 11,469, fr. e<.l. 107,81. 1,628— loud 13,204. Capital: Dandridge. I'vi'lic Work.'i: East Tennessee and Virginia E. E. Jefteuson connty, T&x. Situate S. E., and cont.iins 2,017 323 JEF JEF Mm. It is boonded S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and E. by gibine r. and lake Drained by Neches r., wbieh runs Uirough the county into Sabine lake, ila branches Pin Wand bayou and Big Sandy cr., Cypress, Adams, and Ck,w bayous, alfluenls of Sabine r., and Taylor's bayou, of Sabine Lake Surface almost uniformly le»cl, and, OJcepl a strip of limber land across the N., an open prairie, with many lorp. swamps: soil on the Neches, in the N. E. and in the N W a black mold over yellow clay and sand, and very fertile-lhe rest dt only for grazing. The swamps arc finely adapted lo rice growing. Cotloii and corn are the staples a, yel, the county being lilllo 8<.ltled. The Neches and Sabine arc large streams ; the lalU-r has a good harbor near Itsraouth, and .\dam's, Cypress, and Cow bayous arc navi- r-iblc for boats of light drafl. Farms 91 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 259. and pop.-wh. 1,5M, fr. col. C8, si. 2«9-total 1,836. Capital: Beaumont .JirraiMos county, Vlrg. Situate N. E., and contains «1 sq. m. Drained by Opequan and Shenandoah rivers, branches of the Potomac which bounds H N. E. Surface broken— in parts mounlainoun. with abundance of fine water-power: soil excellent, among Ihc best grain and graz- ing land and the most valuable. Liking the county through, in the Slate. Its scenery is very line, Ihat on the Shenandoah having no superior in Ihe world for beauty or m.ajesly. Its crops of wheat, corn, rye, oats, and polatoes are equally good, and all superior for yield and quality. For grazing, it is admirably filled, and sheep and swine are reared in great numbers. lis manufactures are various and extensive, ex- clusive of Ihe great U. S. armory, at Harper's Ferry. Farms 447 ; manuf. 105 : dwell. 1,960, and p..p.— wh. 10,476, fr. col. 540,81.4,841— loUill6,:i57. ftipifcii; Charlestown. PuUic Worln: Baltimore and Ohio P.. It. ; Winchester and Polo- mac R. v. Jktfebsos county. Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Eock r., which crosses the eijiinty diag- onally, and Bearer Dam r., and other of ils branches. Kosh'konong lake, through which Eock r. flows, is in Ihe S. W. comer, and it has several fine ponds, which, with the streams, supply abundance of water-power. Surface varied, parts are hilly and rough, and parU quite marshy : soil fer- liie, very productive on Kock r. ami the streams generally, and most is heavily timbered, there being liltlo prairie. Grain and grass thrive equally, and this is a flue farming county. Manufactures are increasing, and already of much importance. Farms 9?2 ; manuC 74 ; dwell. 2,9:>t, and pop. — wh. 15.314, fr. col. .■?— total 15,817. Oipital: Jefferson. Puhliu WurkJt: Milwaukie and Mississippi E. K. .larFEKSOs, p. v., and cap. ,lackson county, Ga. : 79 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. It conlains a court-house, an acad- emy, and a few sti^res. .Jeffejson, p. v„ rliiilon CO., Iml.: 4 m. W. Frankfort, 42 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. .Ieffeb.so>", p. v.. Cook CO., III. : on N. branch of Chicago r., 179 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Jefterson, L and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : at the head of Damariscolla r., IS m. E. S. E. August.-!. Tlie t embraces a large part of Damariscolla Pond, and has many mill streams, which are used to s.aw great quantities of lumber. It has a goO"l soil and several manufactories of leather and woolens. Pop. of L 2,228. .Tekfeiisos. p. v., Frederick CO., Md.; about 4 m. fl-om the Potomac, 77 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It lies between Calociin cr. and mountain, and has several stores and 850 Inhabitants. ■Teffehson. t. and p. v., Coos co., K. TTamp.: 79 m. N. Concord. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, wliich fur- nish water-power. John's r. rises in Pondicherry Pond, in the S. "W. comer. Surface mountainous : soil in Ihe lower parts fertile, and generally good pasture. The v. has 8 stores and a few dwellings. Pop. of U C29. Jeffekjon, t., Chemung CO., jV. 1'. ; at the 9. end of Scnoca lake, 166 in. W. Albany. II haa a flue landing, and 834 a steamboat plies daily to Geneva, at Ihc other end of the lake which never freezes over. It contains several hotels, slorJs, and warehouses, 9 flour, plaster, and lumber mills, and 1 000 inhabitants. The Canandaigua and Elmira E. K. passes the v. 21 m. from Elmira. Two papers are published, llio " American Standard" and " Corona Borealis." .Teffebsos, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., K. T. : 4T m. W bv S. Albany. Surface mountainous, the high hilll forroiiigVhe watershed between the affluents of the Hudson and Delaware: soil unproductive, except in the valleys. Farming and grazing form the chief business. Pop. of town 1.74S. ,_ . „ Jeffebson, p. v., and cap. Ashe co., JV. Car. : about 2 m. W. of New r, 16S W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains, besides a court-house and Jail, several stores and 200 inhabitants. Jeffeksoh, p. v., and cap. Ashtabula Co., Ohio: on a branch of Grand r., 164 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The t is slightly uneven, and h.-is a fertile soil. The v. is about 10 m. 8. of Lake Eric, and contains a fine court-house, jail, an academy, and several stores. Pop. of U 625. Jeffebsos, t. and p. v., Greene county, Pmn.: on hela r., 177 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The t. has a The v. is Mononga' rolling surface, rich soil, and fine water-power. on Ten Mile cr., near its mouth, and contains an academy, a dozen stores, 8 mills, and 600 inhabiLints. Jeffeeso.s, p. v., Eulherford Co., Tenn.: 24 m. S. E. Nashville. Jefferson, p. v.. Cass CO., Tfx. : between Big Cypress r. and Black Cypress cr, about 4 m. above their confluence, 249 m. N. E. Austin City. The land around it is among the best for cotton and com in the State. Jeffbeson, p. o., Powhatan Co., Virg.: 26 m. W. by N. Eiclimond. Jeffeeson, p. 0., Marengo county, Ala.: 67 m. W. Montgomery. JzrrEr.soN, t, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., TTmc. : on Rock r., 81 m. E. by S. Madison. The v. lies a little above the junction of Crawfish r., and by a dam across Rock r. has abundant water-power, which is largely used in manufac- turing. It has a good trade, several large stores, and 800 inhabitants. Pop. of 1 1,610. Jeffersos Baep.acks, p. v., St. Louis CO., ITo. : on the Mississippi, 11 m. S. St. Louis, 104 m. E. Jefferson City: This is a U. S. military post, and contains a few stores and dwellings. Jeffeeson Crrr, p. o., and cap. Cole co.. Mo., and cap. of the State of Missouri : on the 8. bank of Missouri r., oppo- site the mouth of Cedar cr., and 137 m. from its entrance into Ihe Mississippi r.-Iat SSO 36' N., and long. 920 OS' W. — 9S0 m. W. Washington. The site is elevated and unevm, and furnishes many beautiful building locations. It cout-ains the State House, Governor's House, a large and elegant mansion, the Slate Penitentiary, etc., and has several exten- sive mercantile houses, stores, and mechanic shops, equal to the demands of the locality. Two newspapers arc pub- li«he'. ; li>4 m. S. Albany. Jeffeesontille, p. T., Sullivan county, IT. T. : ST m. S. S. W. Albany. jEFTEESt'NTiLLE, p. T., Clark CO., Ind. : at Ihe head of the falls on the Ohio, 103 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It lies on elevated ground, has a fine landing, and is the site of the State Prison. Steamboats are built here, and it has great facilities for trade and commerce, lying opposite Louisville, and being connected by railroad with the interior. It con- tains a United States land office, several large stores and ■warehouses, and about 2,122 inhabitants. The Jefferson- Tille E. E. terminates here. Jetfeesonville, p. o., Twiggs co., (7a. ; 27 m. S. by 'W. Mifledgcville. Jeffeesokvtllk, p. T., Fayette co., Ohio : 35 m. S. W. Columbus. Jeffersonttllk, p. v.. Montgomery co., Pernu : near the BchuTlkill, ST m. E. by S. Ilarri^burg. Jefteescsttlle, p. v., Lamoille co.. Verm. : on LnmoiUe river, 29 m. N. N. W. Montpolier. It has email manufac- tories^ several stores, and 35(J inhabitants. Jeffee&s' Stoee, p. o., Nottoway co., Virg. : 45 m. S. W. Eichmond. Jeffet'6 Ceeee, p. o., Marion dist, S. Car. .* on a branch of Great Pedee r. so called, 79 m. E. Columbia. Jelloway, p. T., Knox county, Ohio : 41 m. N. E. Columbus. Je>-a, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : 102 m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. Jenkin's Beipge, p. T., St. Clair co. Mo. : on Warblow cr. of the Osage, S6 m. S. W. by W. Jefferson City. Jeskin's Stoee, p. o.. Union co.,3^. Car. : 90 m-'W. S.W. Ealeigh. Jenkinto-wn, p. v., Montgomery cQonty, i'enTi. : 85m. E. Ilarrisburg. Jennee'8 Ceoss Eoads, p. t., Somerset CO., /*enn..; !17m. "W. Harrisburg. .jEiv>-EESvrLLE, p. V., Chcster co.. Peiin. : 69 m. E. by S. Harri:>burg. It contains several stores, and about 300 in- habitants. Jbn-nlngs county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 35? eq. m. Drained by Vernon and Graham forks of Muscata- tuck r.. Sand cr., and their numerou.'* branches, all flowing ■\r. into White r. Surface rugged and broken, with several beech flats. Soil of good fertility near the streams; the beech flats at their heads are used only for grazing. II has good water-power, abundance of excellent timber, fine limestone-quarries, much used for building, and a millstone- quarry. Com. wheat, and pork are farming staplr-s. Farms 1.205 ; mannf. 78 ; dwell. 2.f'&i. and pop.— wh. 11.773. fr. c^I. 823 — total 12.096. Capital: Vcmom Public WorH : Madison and Indianapolis E. K. .Tekxings. p. c, Frankhn county, Ind. : 66 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Jeksings, p. 0-, Hamilton county, Flor. : 69 m. E. Tallahasisee. Jex>t>-g'3 Gap. p. o., Augusta co., Tirg. : on E. side of Shenandoah mountains, 123 ra.'W. N."W. Eichmond. North river, a bmn-^h of the .Tames, rises here, and branches of the Shenandoah in the vicinity. Jen.ning's Oedinart, p. 0., Nottoway co., V>rg. : 45 m. S. W. Eichmond. on the Eichmond and Danville E. E., 50 m. from Eichmond (by cars). Je.vst Lind, p. o., Chatham county, 2^. Car. : 46 m. W. Baleigh. Jexnt LnfD, p. o., Sebastian county, Ark. : 123 m. W. Little Eock. Jeeicho, p. v.. Perry co., AUi. : near Catawba r., &i m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. JEEicno. p. T.. Queens co.. J^. Y. : abont 2 m. from the Sound and Long Island E. E.. 129 ra. S. S. E. Albany. It has 2 hotels, several stores, and 300 inhabitanta. Jeeicho, p. o., Wayne en., A' Car. ; 41 m. S. E. Kaleigh. jEEitiio, t and p. v.. Chittenden co., Verm. : on N. side of Onion r., 26 m. N. "W. by W. Monlpelier. Drained N. by Brown's r. of the Lamoille, which aflbrds good water- power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil good ; pasture on the hills, and fine meadows on the streams. The Ver- ■ mont Central E. E. passes through the S.'VV. part. The v. is in the N. on Brown's r^ and has several mills and factories, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1,539. Jeeicho, p. v.. Kane co.. lU. : near Big Eock cr. of Fox river, 149 ra. N. N. E. Springfleld. jERiaio Centee. p. v., Chittenden county, Vertij. : 22 m. N.W. by W. Monlpelier. It contains a hotel, sbveral btwres, and 40 dwellings. Jeekiga-v, p. o.. Orange county, Flor, : 22S m. S. E. Tallahassee. Jhp.ome. t. and p. v., Union co., Ohio: on Big Darby cr., IS ra. N. W. Columbus. The t. has a rolling surface and fertile s<^)il, with some mill-power. The v. has a few stores and 20*J inhabitants. Pop. oft 1,249, JtBoiTE, p. v., Howard co., Ind, : on the N. side Wild Cat cr., 46 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. jEBOMEs%aLLE, p. V., Ashlaud county, Ohio : on "Wal- honding r., 6S m. N. N. E. Cohimbus. Jecsey county, ///. Situate W. centrally, and contains 820 sq. m. Drained N. by Macoupin cr., W. by Illinois r. S. by the Mississippi, aud by their afflaents. Surface gen- erally level; soil very productive of com and wheat, and exc<-Uent grazing land. On the Mississippi are blutf^, 100 or 2*}0 feet high, of alternate limj^stone and sandstone strata, and through the county coal is found just below the surface. There is some prairie, but timber is plenty. Farms 64.5 ; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,222, and pop.— wh. 7,300, fr. coL 54— total 7.354. Capital : Jerseyville. Jeeset, L and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio : 17 m. N. E. Columbus. The t has a rich soil and some water-pnnded S. E, S., and S. W. by Kcnlmky r., and drained by lli.-kman and Jessamine creeks. Surface uneven, affording line mill-seats; soU very good, equally for grain and grass. Large numbers of sheep and swme are raised. Farms C51 ; manuf. 67 ; dwell. 1,09.3, .-uid pop- -wh 6 "89, fr. col. bW, »l. 3,525-tolal 10,249. OJjnM: KichotoviUe. public Worbi : Lexington and DanviUc ^' Jink's Stokf, p. o., Shelby co., Xy. ; "W. Frankfort Jessup's Cut, sla., Anne Arundel eo., m. : on Washing- ton Branch P.. R., 14 m. from Baltimore. .,^ o „ JtrrEitsviixF., P.O., AmcUa eo., Virg.: 41 m. W. S. V,. Eicbmond. „ „ „„ c irr Jeweit, I. and p. v., Greene county, 2.1 T. : S2 m. S. W. Albany. Draine1 being more than 8,-SBtn.on, I. and p. v., Warren co., S. I. .• on W^o of Uudson r., 63 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by afflu- cnts of the Hudson, which furnish many mill-s.tes. Bur- hi mountainous ; sod a light sandy loam adapted to grass. Th^ r^nl^Iins 2 hotels, 4 stores, and 800 inhabitants. Pop. "'joSn county, Ar^. Situate N. W and conlains9ra eqTm Drained by Horse Head, Great Pmc, Caney creek etc , affluents of the Arkansas, which crosses the S. of the county. Surface uneven, and in parts hilly ; sod fertile on the streams, and generally excellent pasture Com, calUe, and pork are staples, and good cotton ,s raised. r»"ns526, manuf. 21 : dwell. 777, and pop.-wh. 4,4S9, tr. col. 7, si. 731 —total 6 227. Capital : Clarksville. JoussoN county, lU. Situate 8., and contains 326 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Big Bay, and Cash creeks, afllaenta of the Ohio. Surface mostly level, with low land and ponds in the S. ; soil sandy and well timbered. Com and pork are the leading products. Sulphur springs are found. Farms 801 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 718, and pop.— wU. 4,096, ft. col i7_total 4,113. Ca^Jita' .• Vienna. Joii-NBON county, Ind. Situate centrally, and contains .S^l^q m. It lies between the upper portions of E. and W. forks of White r., and is drained by their branches, Sugar, Toun^-s, Indian, and other creeks. Surface varied, in the S W.^hilly, S. and S. E. undulating, in other parts level It has no waste land, but a rich loamy soil, generally cover- ed with excellent timber. Tho staples are grain and pork. Tobacco Is also raised. Farms 1,163; manuf 25; dwell, o 007 and pop.-wh. 12,056, tr. col. 15-total 12.101. Cap- ital; Franklin. PMic Works: Madison and Indianapo- lis E. R. ; Martinsville Branch E. E. JoiLSSoN county, la. Silnatc E., and contains 584 sq. m. Drained by Iowa r., Clear and Old Man's creeks, and in the N. E. by Cedar r., all branches of the Iowa. Surface diversified, with some prairie; sod very fertUe. The Iowa is navigable part of the year, and furnishes exceUent watetw power above Iowa City. It has quarries of fine buUdmg stone, beautifully variegated, and known as " bu-d's-eyo marble." Farms 877 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 799, and pop.- wh 4 450, fr. col. 22— total 4,472. Capital: Iowa City. rnlUc Works: Lyons and Iowa City E. R.; Camanche and Iowa City E. E. ; Davenport and CouncU Bluffs P.. E. ; Dubuque and Keokuk E. E., etc. Johnson county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 3,9 .q m. Drained by W. fork of Big Sandy r. and Big Paint or. Surface elevated and uneven; soU well adapted to gr.Tzing. Catde and hogs are the leading products. Farms 504; manuf. 6: dweU. COS, and pop.-wh. 3,843, fr. eoL 0, si. 30— total 8,S73. Caj«(ai .■ Painesvillc. J0U.N80N county. Mo. Situate W. centrally, and eontams 809 sq. m. Drained by Black Water r., flowing into Mis- souri r., and Panther r., a branch of the Osage. Surface sli^hUy broken, with excellent timber and good mUl streams ; .soil fine, generaUy, and superior for grazing. Com and pork are the staples, an.l some tobacco is grown. Farois 7.50 ; manuf. 2S : dwell. 1,030, and pop.— wb. 6,578, fr. coL 12, sL 879-lotal 7,464 OyHtoJ: Warrensburg. JonssoN county, Tenn. Situate in N. E. corner, and coo- tains 312 sq. m. Drained by Watauga r. and its branches, allluents of Ilolston r. It lies between mountain ridges and is much broken in parts, but has a rich soil in the Tally's Snd fine grarfng. It has good water-power and misider- ablc iron ore. Farms 325; manuf. 42; dwell. MS, and pop.-wh. S,4«5, fr. col. 14, sl. 206-total 8,705. Capital: TaylorsviUe. .v t.^ JouNsoN, t and p. T., Lamoille co., Yerm. : on the La- moille, 29 m. N. by W. Montpeher. Surface uneven aiid well wooded with bemlock, spmce, and oak; sod Largely alluvial and very fertile: back of the streams chiefly fitted for grazing. The v. is in the S., on the Lamoille, and has several mills and 800 inhabitants. Boapstone is found. Pop. of 1. 1.891. jon JON Jonseox, p. o., Floyd county, Ga.: 149 ni. N. W. Mill wigevi lie. JonssoK, p. o., M'Donough county, IlL: 65 ni. N. W. Springneld. Johnson, p. o., ■Washington county, Mb, : 73 ni. S. E, Jefferson City. JoiiNSONBURGn, p. V., "WatTPn co., 2T. Jer.: about 4 m. from Peqnost r.. 51 m. N. by W. Trenton. It has several mills and about 300 inliabitjtnts. Joun30n's, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenii.: 51 m. N. "W. Nashville. JouNSON's, sta., Barnwell disl-, ^S. Car.: on S. Carolina E. K., 22 m. from Augusta and 115 from Charleston. JoiiNSONSBURGii, p. V., Wyoming eo., y. Y. : 280 m. "W. Albany. Johnson's Coknees, p. v., Summit ca, Ohio: 111 m. N. E. ColumI)U3. Johnson's Cri:ek, p. v., Jefferson co., TTwc, ; on a branch of Eock r. so called, 31 m. E. Madisun. Johnson's Ckf.kk, p. v., Niagara co., ]\\ Y. : on a cn-ik so called, flowing into Lake Ontario, 24'J m. W. by ^"■ Albany. Johnson's Fokks, p. o., Morgan co., Ay. ; 93 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Jounson's Mills, p. o., Titt co., JV" Cm: : on Swift cr., an affluent of the Ncuse, 59 ni. E. S. E. Ealeigh. Johnson's Mills, p. o., Clark co., III.: on X. fork of Embarras r., 101 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Johnson's Springs, p. o., Goochland co., Virg. : 27 m. W. N. "W, Kiehmond. JoHNsoNTowN, p. o., 'Norlhampton co., Tirg. : on the Eastern Shore, 94 m. E. by S. Richmond. JoHNSoNviLLE, sta., Eensselaef CO., 2^. Y. : on the Troy and Boston H. II., 1 G m. from Troy. JoHNSONviLLE, p. o., Cumberland co., K. Oir. : 44 m. S. S. W. lialeigh. JoHNsoNViLLE, p. T., Trunibull CO., Ohio: 117 m. N. E. Columbus. JoHNSONviLLK, p. o,, "Williamsburgh dist., S. Car.: near Black r, 91 m. E. P. E. Columbia. Johnston county, ^V! Cor. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains C64 sq. m. Drained by Moccasin and Litlle rivery. and Swill, Middle, and Black creeks, all aflbienta of the Neuse, whieli crosses the county in its S. E. course. Sur- face uneven and brolcen, wilb iLumerons mill-seals; soil of average fertility. Cotton and corn, b(?^'f and pork are lead- ing product. Farms l,0(i2 ; nianuf. 102 : le wat^r- power, which is used for several factories and mills. Tho j)rineipal buildings are a court-house, jail, an academy, sev- eral line hotels and eburehes, and large warehouses. Tho Illinois and Michigan Canal passes through the v., and the Chicago and Uoek Island E. E. 40 m. from Cliieago. The 'Moliet Signal" (dem.), and the "True Democrat" (whig), are published weekly. Pop. about 2,659. Jolly, t. and p. v., "Washington co., Ohio : 79 m. E. 8. E. Columbus. Pop. of t. 1.015. Jollvtown, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: 1S9 m. "W. by 8. Harrisburg. Jonathan's Creek, p. o., Haywood co., K. Car. : near a braneh of Big Pigeon r. so called, 249 m. "W. Ealeigh. Jones C'luuty. Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 816 sq. m. Drained by Wttlimt and Falling crreks, aflluenla of Oemulgeo river, which touches its "W. border. Surface somewhat broken, affording fine mill-streams; soil very liTtile, producing large cotton crops, a goml yield of wheat and corn, and good pasturage. It has imporlanl manufac- torics of flour and iron ware. Farms 405; manuf. 15; dwell. 739, and ])op.— wh. O.S99. fr. col. 46, si. G.279— total 10.224. Capital: Clinton. PuUlc Works: Central Geor- gia E. E. Jones county, Ta. Situate E. centrally, and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by Makoqut-ta r. and its branelu-s, Full r. and Bear er., and Wapsipinieon r. and its branehes.Walnut and Buffalo creeks. Surface level or undulating. It has a fine soil for grain and grass, plenty of tindx-r, and good water-power. The grains form the staple exj)orts. Farms 225; nianuf. 3; dwell. 559. and pop— wh. 3,000, fr. eol. 1 — total 3,007. Capital: Anamosa. PuUicWork^: Dubuque and Keokuk K. E. Jones county, Miss. Situate S. E., and cont.ains 7SS sq. m. Drnined by Bogne Hume, Tallaha, ami Leaf creeks, affln- ucnts of Paseagoula r. Surface slightly uneven, and soil of moderate fertilily. Corn, cattle, and swine are the chief pr.Klucts. Farn'is 274; manuf. 0; dwell. 310, and pop.— wh. 1,SS7, fr. col. 8, si. 274— total 2,1&4. Capital: ElUa- villc. JoN-ES county, K Car. Situate S. E., and contains 829 sq. m. Drained by Trent r., which flows E. into the Neuee. Surface level, and much of it low and marshy ; soil, in parts, verv fiTlile— in otln-r^. waste, irreclaimable land. Cotton ie the' chief product: corn is a barge, crop, and the marshes produce rice. Farms 240 ; mannf. 14 ; dwell. 440, and pop. — wh. 2,139, fr. col. 142, sL 2,757— total 5,U3S. Capital: Trt-uton. S3T JON JUN Jones, p. o., Panola coanty, Tex. : 236 m. £. N. £. Austin City. .Tones' Butf, p. v., Siimlcr co. Aia.: on the right bank of Turiiblgbfe r., lOS m. \V. by N. Monlgomery. JoNKSHonocGii. p. v.. Grant co., //^ay, 114 mile? K. by N. Augusta. Chandk-r's r. flows through the L, alTttrding water-power, at the moulli orHhich Ihe v. lies. Pop. of i. -iCC. JoKj:snoBot:(;ir, p. v.. Saline co., Mo.: on Salt fork of La Wine r.. CI in. W. N. W. Jeffereon City. JoNESuoEoucn, p. v;, and cap. Washington co., Terui.: 2-39 m. K. by N. Nashvilie. It contains a court-house, jail, two academies, and al>out 500 inhabitants. JoNKiBor.oi:r,n, p. v., Brunswick county, Virg.: 52 m. fi.W. l>yS. Kichinond. Jo.NES' Creek, p. o.. Randolph co,, lU. : on tho cr. so ca]le m. W. S. W. Raleigh. JONESV.U.F. p. v.. Monroe co., Ohio: near SunQsh creek, 110 m. K. by S. Columl)la. JoN^:svtl.LK, p. v.,i:nion district, ^ Car. ; about 3 m. from racolet r.. 69 m. K. N. W. Columbia. JoN&viLLE, p. v., Harrison county, Ttv. : 241 m. N E Austin City. JowBviLLB, p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. : on N. side of 883 Onion r., 19 m. W. N. W. Montpelier, on the lino of the Vermont tVntral R. R., 23 ni. from Burlington. JoNi:sv(LLE, p. v.. and cap. Lee co., Virg. : on a branch of Powell's r., about 6 m. from the Cumberland mountaiua, 316 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, a few stores, and 80O inhabitants. JoPPA, sia., Plymouth county, J/(/-m. -* on Bridgewater Branch of Old Colony R. R., 2(i m. from Bostctn. JonDAN, p. v., Onondaga co., J\>\ Y. : on the outlet of Skenealeles Lake, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains 4 churclk's, C hotels, 15 stores, several flotiring and saw mills, and manufactories of wooden ware. The Eric Canal pas&cfl through the v. 19 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. of v. 1.500. Jordan's ^Iills, p. o., Orangeburgh dist., S. Car. : on a brandi of South Edisto r., 37 m. S. by W. Cohimbia. Jordan's Peajbie, p. o., Jefferson co., ///. ; 108 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Jordan's Saline, p. v., anany. Josco, t and p. v., Livingston eo., Mich.: 87 m. E. S. E, Lansing. Drained by heads of Cedar r. Surface undulat- ing : soil sandy loam. A farming town. Pop. of t. 645. Josephine, p. o., Woodford co., III.: on a branch of Mackinac cr., 76 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Joy, p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : IS'i m. W. by N. Albany. Joyner's Dep6t, p. v., Edgecombe.oo., Al Car. : 46 m, E. by N.Raleigh. Thesta. ison theWilmington and Weldon R. R., 33 m. from Weldon, and 126 from Wilmington. Juda, p. v., Greene county, Wise. : 84 in. S. by W. Madison. JcuA Dean. p. o., Davidson co., Trnn. JuLiANN Furnace, Centre co., Petin. : 72 m. N. W, Harrisburg. The furnace produces 1,400 toi»s of iron annually. JiruAN's Gap, p. o., Hamilton co., Temi.: 112 m. S. E. Nashville. JtTLicsTowN, p. v., Burlington co.. A". Jer. : 15 m. 9. S. E. Trenton. JiTNCTioN. p. o.. Da Page co., ///. ; 165 m. N. N. E. Springfield. On the line of the Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 30 m. from Cliicago, and here the branches diverge to Aurora and Geneva. Junction, sla.. Providence co., 12. 1. : on the Stonington K. R., 5 ni. S. Providence. Junction, sta., New Haven co., Conn. : on the E. bank of Uousalonic r., at the divergence of Xaugatuck E. E. from the New York and New Haven Railroad, 9 m. from Bridgeport. Junction, p. o., Rensselaer co., A"! Y. : 14 m. N. by E. Albany. Junction, sta., Chemnng co., Al }'. .• at the junction of the Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. with the Erie K. K., 4 m. W. Elmira. Junction, p. o.. Contra Costa co., Calif. Junction, p. o., Yuba co., Calif.: on Yuba r., 127 m. N. E. Vallejo. Junction, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: at the junction of Miami Canal with the Wabash and Erie Caiial, 112 ra. N. W. Columbus. JuNirrioN, p. v., Hanover co., Virg.: on N. side of South Anna r.. at the junction of the Virginia Central R. E. and the Uirbm.Mid, Krfdcrick,and Potomac R. R., 23 m. by the laHws E. to the Susque- hanna. 15 m. above Ilarrisbiirg. The Pennsylvania Canal and li. R. pass along its hanks. Juniata, t. and j^ v.. Perry co., Peiui. : on S. side of Jnniala r., 26 m. N. W. llarrishurg. Drained by Buffalo and Raccoon creeks. Surface broken ; soil in the valleys very ric^t. It has fine water-power, and manufactures flour, leather, and iron. The Pennsylvania R. R. crosses the N. part. Pop. of t. 3.215. Juniata Ckowjings, p. v., Bedford co., Pe7i7i.: 86 m. "W. S. W. Harrisburg. Junior, p. v., Scioto co., Ohio: about 3 m. from the Ohio, 95 m. S. by E. Columbus. JiiNius, t, and p. v.. Seneca co., iSI 11 ; 165 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface rolling; soil a rich loam, producing fine wheat. It has little water-power, and farming is the chief occupation. The v. has several stores and 2ir0 inluibitants. Pop.oft. 1.516. Juno. p. o., Henderson co., Tr^nn.: 95 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Justus' Mills, p. o., Hempstead co., Ark. : 116 m. S. W. Little Rock-. Jykill island. Gn.: at the mouth of Turtle and Little Santilla rivers, and on tlie S. E. coast of Glynn co. It pro- duces the best of sea-island cotton. K. KAATEF-^KrLL. jVi Y. : an affincnl of Calskill er. It has its sources fnim two ponds, each a mile and a half in cir- cumference, in the town of Hunter, west of the Mountain House, on CatskiU Muunlain. Two miles fmm the h-mse are a succession of beautiful and roniantic water-falls — the flrst b'.ing a descent of 175 fcet—llie second, immediately ib(lo'wing,*<5 feet more; making the whole descent 260 feet, then plunging through a dark chasm, from which it takes a m«:-anderin«r course to Catskill creek. Kabletowx, p. o., Jefferson ca, Virg. : 12S m. N. hy W. Richmond. Kalama river, Ortv;. Ten. : a. tributary of Columbia r., •which it meets about 13 m. alwve the mouth of Cowlitz r. Kala-Mazoo county, ^f^<■/l■. Situate S. W.. and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Kalamazoo r. in the N. and by Four Mile. Bear, and Gull creeks. Surface level, or slightly un- dulating: soil, a black loam of extraordinary fertility. It has much heavy timber, beech, maple, a^h. and black wal- nut, and a small part is prairie. It is an excelltmt farming and grazing co., producins all the grains in the greatest profusion, and is hardly less adapted to manufaclurins;, hav- ing an abundance of the best water-power. Bog-iron ore js eX'tonsively found. Farms 1,093; manuf. M ; dwell. 2.:^S7. and pop.— wh. 13,li70, fr. col. 109— total 13,171). Cop- itiil: Kalamazoo. Puhlin Wor7:/» : Michigan Central R.R. Kai,amazoo, t., p. v., and cap. Kalamazoo eo., ^ficfl. : 51 m. W. S. "W. Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and sev- eral small iriliutaries. Surface moderately level, thickly woodL-d, and rich and productive. The v. lies on the W. bank of the Kalamazoo r., and on the line of the Michigan Cf'Uiral It. R. The principal buildings are the courl-hoiise, jail, Huron Literary Institute, and a branch of the Univer- sity of Michigan. Pop. 2.507. This is a very thriving, t^^m- mereial, and manufacturing town, and is surrounded by a rich farming district There are two pap<^r.s published weekly, the "Kalamazoo Gazette" (dem.). and "Michigan TWegrapli" (whig). There is here an U. S. land office. Pop. oft. 3.2S1. Kalamazoo river, Mich.: it has its sources in Hilladalo and Jack-oon counties, and with its affiuents drains also Calhoun, Eaton, B.'irry, Kalamazoo, and Allegan counties. Its course is circuitous, with a length of 200 m., gem-rally W. N. W.. emptying into Lake ^Michigan only 9S m. in a direct lino from its source, and 41 m. N. of St. Joseph's r. This river, with its tributaries, affords extensive mill-power, and flows through farming districts of unsurpassed fertility. It is navigable ft)r vessels of 50 tons to Allegan. 3S m. from the mouth, where there is 6 or 7 feet of water on the bar, when the stream pours its l-itst amount into the lake. Kalamo. t. and p. o., Eal^>n co., 3[ich. : 24 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by the Big Fork of Thorn-apple river. Pop. 429. Kalapooya, v., Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : on Kalapooya cr., which falls into the Willamette at Albany. K ALCASKA county. J/iWi. Situate N.W. on Lower Penin- sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Manistee river, emptying into Lake Michigan, and Grand Traverse r., into Grand Traverse Bay. Erected since 1S50. Kalii>a. p. v., ami cap. Putnam co., Ohio: on the E.bank of Ottawa r.. 92 m. N. W. Columbus. It contains a conrt- house au'l jail, and supports one newspaper, the " K. Vent- urt" (dem.), a weekly issue. Kanawha county, Vlrg. Situate N. W., and contains 1.21> sq. m. Intersected bvGreat Kanawha r., and drained by iu nfllucnts in the N., Elk r., Pocataligor, and Sycamoro, Sandy, and Big Sandy creeks ; in the S.. by Coal and Lillle Coal rivi-rs. and Paiut and Cabin creeks. U has a l)roken surface, and an ordinary soil, but great mineral resources; these consist principally of bituminous coal, of which six or seven million bushels are dug annually, and salt springs, which are very numerous and rich, the salt made from their waters exceeding two million bushels per year. It has, be- sides, good wat'T-power on the numerous branches of Great Kanawiiar.. which is here alarge navigai)le stream. Karma 777; manuf. 110; dwell. S.llO.and pop.— wh. 12,t)02,fr. col, 211, si. 3,140— total 15,353. Gipitnl: Kanawha. Public Workfi: Covington and Ohio R. E.; Improvements in tho Kanawha river by James River Canal Company. Kanawha Court-House, p. v., and cap. Kanawha Co., Virg.: on the N. bank of Great Kanawha r., at the juncliou with Elk r., about 6 m. above its confluence with Ohio r., 228 m. W. by N. Richmond. Is pleasantly situale.l, with an exten- Kanawha co., Virg. : on the N.W. side of Great Kanawha r.. 223 m.W. by N. Richmond. It derives its name from the s.ilt business pursued in il3 vicinity, and is a place of growing importance. Kanawha rivtr, Vlrg.: it has its source in Ashe co., N. Carolina, where it receives the waters of a number of mill- streams, and passing into Virginia, it drains Grayson. Car- roll, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery, Giles, Monro*, Mercer, Greenbrier, Fayette, Nicholas, Kanawha, Putnam, aiid Ma- 839 KAN 8on couDlica : taking a circuitous course, with many mean- (lerings, nearly 300 miles, it empllos into tlie Oiiio r. at Poiut Pleasani, in hit. 38° 62' N., 174 m. N. by W. of iu source, and 252 m. below Pittsburg. At Point Pleasant, CG m. above the mouth, arc the Kanawha SaU-works, where llic river is nearly 600 feet wide. The salt district extends 15 in. on the river, where the salt water is obtained by boring 300 to 500 feel through rock formation, tubing being passed down to exclude fresh water from the side=i, and llirougli which the brine rises to a level with the river. Steam-power is used for raiding it still higher, and the bituminous eoal of the same vicinity la used to effect evaporation. There are on this river and its tributaries five veins of common bitumin- ous coal and two of cannel, all capable of being worked, and all above the level of the river. The largest is said to have an aggregate thickness of 24 feet. Tlie cannel-coal is said to be equal to any of this kind in the world. About 100 m. from the mouth are the Great Kails, whero there is a single perpendicular descent of 50 feet. The jirincipal affluents are the Elk, Coal, and Greenbrier rivers ; tlie other Iribtitaries are numerous, and afford very extensive water- powers. Ka-ve county, IU. Situate N. E., and contains 548 sq. m. Drained by Fox r., a branch of the Illinois, which flows S. through the E. part. Surfiice level or rolling; soil of great fertility, and well cultivated— a superior farming co. On the branches of Fox r. is fine W!tter-i)ower and limber, and limestone is abundant. Farms 1,015; manuf. 49; dwell. 2,S2S, and pop.— wh. 1G,69G, fr. col. G— toUd 16,702. Capi- tal: Geneva. Ptthlic Works: Galena and Chicago Union P.. E. ; St. diaries Branch R. K. ; Aurora Branch P.. E. and its extension. Kane, p. o., Greene co., IU. : 53 m. S. W. Springfield. Kanei^vilix, p. v., and cap. Pollowatlomce co., la. : 6 m. N. from Fort Croghan, and 4 m. E. from Missouri r., 224 m. VC. by S. Iowa City. This jilace was settled and built by Uie Mormons, and is an interraediate station for the overland emigration to Great Salt Lake Valley. The " Frontier Guardian"' (whig), is publisbeutaries, which flows through it. and affortls excellent wati^'r-pow^r. Surface diversified; soil rich, fertile, and well cultivated. At Keene the Ashiielot R. R. forms a junction with the Cheshire R. R. The v. on the W. side of Ashuelot r. is beautifully situateany. There is here an extensive water-power, used by a number of thriving mannfactories of iron and other pro- ducts. It supports a paper, the " Essex Co. Republican" (whig), which is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,800. Keezletown, p. v., Rockingham co., Vi/'g. : S5 ra. N.W. Richmond. Keith's, p. o., Morgan county, 0?iio: 88 m. E. by S. Co]unil)us. KEiTnsnup.GH, p. t., Mercer co., ///. ; on the Mississippi at the confluence of Pope r., 112 m. N. W. SpringfleUl. It is a thriving v., and was once the county seat. Keith's Cross Roads, p. o.. Kent co., Dt'l. Kellkbsville, p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: 95 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Kellertowm, p. v., Wilkinson co., 3fus. : 108 ra. S. W Jackson. Kelley's Mills, p. c, Lawrence co., Ohio : 96 ra. S. S. E. Columbus. KELLunosvTLLE, p. v.. Cavuga CO., JV^ Y. : between lakes Owaseo and Skaneateles, 2 m. W. of the latter and 13S ni. W. Albany. Kelloggsville, p. v., Ashtabula eo., Ohio: on the N, side of Asiitabula cr., 172 m. N. E. Columbus. Kelley's Creei;, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala,: 06 m. N. Montgomery. Kelly's Feury, p. o., Meigs co., Tenn.: on the Tennes- see r., 117 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Kelly's SriiiNcs. p. o,, Talladega county, Aki.: 7S m. N. by E. Montgomery. Kkllysvillr. p. v., Delaware county, Penn.: S3 m. S. K, by K. Harrislmrg. Ket.LYSviLLE, p. o., Culpepper co., Vir^. : T3 m. N. W. by N. Riehmond. Kelso, t. and p. v., Dearborn co., lud. : 71 m. S. E. In- dianapolis. Drained by the upper branches of Tanner's cr. and affluents of White Water river. Surface somewhat broken ; sods of average fertility, and productive. Pop. of 1. 1.71'2. Kelvin Grove, p. c, Wake co., N. Car.: 10 m. N. Raleigh. Kem ISLES viLLE, p. T., Chcstcr CO., Pemu: 5? m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Kemi'EU county, Miss. PifuatH on K. line, and contains 715 sq. m. Drained E. by heads of Suquinocbee r., flowing into Tombigbee r. ; S. by beads of Chiekasawba r., and W. by beads of Pearl r. Surface elevated and somewhat un- even, with several good mill streams; soil very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and its culture is almost exclu- sive. Cum thrives well, and great numbers of cattle and swine are reared. Farms 730; manuf. 1; dwell, 1.240. and pop.— wh. 7,138, fr. col. 1, si. 5,378— toUd 12.517. Capital . De Kalb. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio R. R. Kemp, p. o., Kaufman county, Teo:.: 183 ra. N. N. E, Austin City. Kemi-'s Cheek, p. o., Benton co., Ala.: 95 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Kemi'Bvflle, p. v., Princess Anne co., Virg. : on a branch of Elizabeth r. and at the bead of tide-water, 88 ra. S. E. Richmond. It contains several stores and about 300 in- habitants. Kenansville, p. v., and cap. Duplin co,, N". Car.: on the E. side of Grove cr.. 71 m. S. E. Raleigh. The v. con- tains the court-bouse and about 150 inhabitauLi. Kendall county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 824 sq. m. Drained by Fox r., which crosses the N. W., and in the S. E. by Au Sable r., a small branch of Des Plaines r. Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and much of it prairie, with timt>eron a few streams. It lias consideralile wat^-r-power and large deposits of coal. Farms 1)59 : manuf. 0; dwell. 1.25S, and pop.— wh. 7,724, fr. col. 6— total 7,730. CapiUil : Oswego. Puhlic Works : Aurora Extension R. R. Kendall, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. N. Y. : 23-_' ul W. by N. Albany. Drained by Sandy and olber creeks. Surface nearly level, with a gradual ascent from Lake Ontario, which forms the N. boundary: soil sandy and gravelly loam, and well tilled. Pop. 2.2S9. Kendall, p. o., Beaver co., Penn.: 184 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Kendall, p. o., Kendall county, III: 123 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Kendall Ckeek, p. c, M'Kean co., Penn. : 151 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Kendall Mills, p. o., Orleans county, N. Y.: 229 ni. W. by N. Albany. Kendall's .Mills, p. o., Somerset co., JW*. .• on the W. bank of Kennebec r., 20 m. N. by E. Augusta. Kesdall'6 Store, p. o., Stanley co., JV. Car. : 6T m. W. S. W. Raleigh. I Kendallvillb, p. v., Noble co., Ind.: on Little Ojdar S41 KEN KEN cr. and on the liue of the Fort Wayne and Lima plauk- roail. 120 m. N. N. E. Iudiana|>olis. KK.M.aicK'8 SPU1-, p. o., Patrick county, Tirg. : Ifc m. W. ^. W. Kiclimond. KEsi>l-6KEAO «trcani, Jfe ; a tributary of the Penobscot r, «l,icl, it Joins at Bangor, li fumiahes a largo and val- uable water-power. Kesn f,i.eo county, Jft. Situate 9. W. centrally, and con- tains l.ioa sq. tn. Drained by Kennebec and Sebasticooic rivers, and tlieir afHuenU, and W. by the Andr.«cogg.n. Burfaee undulating, williout being hilly, and sod highly productive, it has many ponds, which, with their slreains and the Kennebec, afford ir.imiuse wau-r-powcr. It aboun.ls in fine timber, and the lumber trade is of great imporlance. The Kennebec is a large navigable stream, and ila coru- mereial facilities line. Wheat, corn, oals, and barley yield Vfcll and ila pastures feed great numbers of eatUe and 6heep. The great export is potatoes, of which immense quantities are raised and sent to all parts of the bmon. Farms 6,2M; manuf. 381: dwell. 10,102, and pop.-wi. 6-2 879, fr. col. 142-tolal 62.521. ai/>««; : AugusUi. Pub- Uc W«rka: An.Iroscoggin and Kennebec E. 1'..; Andros- coggin It. li. ; Portland and Kennebec K. K. Kennedeo. t. and p. v., Kennebec co., J/e.: 6 m.W. 8.W. Angusla. About one-lhird the surface is covered by lakes ; soil rich and well cidlivated. The principal v. Ues on the N. E. comer. KEKsaur.o river, M". : one of the most Important nvers of New England. lis principal source is at the outlet of Mooseheart lake, but its more remote source is that of Dead r which empties into Kennebec r., 20 m. below the outlet. The source of Dead r. is in the N. W. part of FraiiUlin county, wilhin 5 m. of Chaudicre r., which flows into Ihe SU Lawrence. The general course of Kennebec r. is S. by E., making several considerable curves, and draining with its tributaries, Somerset, Franklin, and Kennebec, and por- Uons of Penobscot jind Waldo counties, and traversing Lin- coln. Its length from its remotest source is about 200 m. It is navigable for boats CO m. to Waterville, for shxips to Augusta, 42 m., and for ships to Hath, 12 m. from its mouth. lis largest tributary is the Androscoggin, flowing iu IS m. from its mouth. Tlie confluent stream is sometimes called the Sagadahnck. At Waterville, and other places aliove, are very valuable water-powers. The whole fall of the river is more than l,iiOO feet, affording, with its trilHilaries, in- calcutablc hydraulic power. The river is closed by ice generally for four months of the winter season, except be- low Bath, where the salt water usually keeps the port open at all seasons. The principal towns on the river arc Bath, Hallowell, Augusta. Waterville, and NorridgewocU. It flows through a fertile country and bears an extensive trade. Ken.seuitnk, t and p. v., York co., Me. : 66 m. S. S. W. August,-!. Drained chiefly by Mousum r., on which and on Ihe Kennebuiik lliere ore several mills and factories. The v. Is on the S. W. side of .Mousum r., and at the entrance of the Kennebec into the AllaiUic there is a good harbor. It is a port of entry, and has some shipping empU>yed in the fish- cries and coasting trade. Formerly it had an extensive trade with the West Indies, and many fine ships are still built in the town. INjp. 2.650. KESNK.BfNK D>n»6T, p. o., York Co., Me. : on the N. bank of M.iusum r., and on the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth B. P.., 60 m. 8. S. W. Augusta. Kennebcnkport, t. and p. v., York co., Me. : 62 m. B. S. W. Angusla, on the N. E. side of Kennehec r. and opposite to Kennebunk, with which its chief interests are connected. It has considerable shipping, and many of the inhabitants are engaged in coasting and tlio flsheries. Granite, much resembling that of Qulncy. is abundant, and i\irnis)ies a staple of exporL This t. and Kennebunk were in former times among the most active and busy shipping places in Maine, but their trade has immensely diminished. Pop of' I"* 842 Ke>-sedt'8, p. o., Brunswick co., rirg.: 63 m. 9. S. W. Eiehmond. i-^ v- . las m KE-xsEDTviLtB, p. v., Steuben county, J^. J.. ISS m^ W byS Albany. The v. lies on the Buffalo, Corning, and Kew York l: I:., ■» m. from Corning. It contains several stores and workshops, and about 260 inhabilauls KE.«EMEa, p. o., ilarshaU county, Ala.: 136 m. N. Montgomery. Kenneti's Squabe, p. T., Chester county, Penn.: 71 m. E. S. E. llarrisburg. It contains a Quakers' meeUng-house and about a score of dwellings. .„ ,. „ Kesson, p. o., Behnont county, Ohw: 69 m. E. by N. Columbus. ,, V XT ICessossbcegu, p. 0., Guernsey co., Oluo : So m. E. by N. Columbus. Kenosha county, ITJsc. Situate 8. E. comer, and con- tains 232 sq. m. Drained by Fox and Des Plaines (or O'Plain) rivers, which flow S. into Illinois r. Surface genUy undulating ; soil a fertile prairie for the most part, and very proiluclive of the grains and grasses. Its slock is very floe and dairies large. There is some limber on the streams, but where wanting, the lake supplies lumber and coal. Limestone is quarried on the rivers. Farms 914; manuf. 51 ; dwell. 1,812, and pop.-wh. 10,TU, fr. col. l&-total 10,732. Capital: Kenosha. KE.N0SHA, p. v., and cap. Kenosha co., Wise. : on Lake Michigan, 89 m. E. S. E. Madison, 10 m. S. P.acine. Has an excellent harbor, and commands the trade of one of the finest farming districts in the world, the prairies of the county being of the richest and most beautiful character of the West. Two small creeks empty into the lake, one above and Ihe olher below the port. Kenosha was former- ly called SouthporU The location is very desirable and pleasant : its shipping interests are likely to improve. Pop. 8,460. Kessico, p. T., Westchester co., N. T. : on the Harlem P.. l;., 125 m. by route from Albany. Kensi-noton, p. v., Hartford Co., Conn. : on a S. br.aneh of Little r., 14 m. S. S. W. Hartford. The New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield E. E. passes it about a mile to the east. The v. has several manufactures, etc Ke-vslngton, p. v., Oakland co., Mii:h. : on Woodruff er., a branch of Huron r., 46 m. W. S. W. Lansing. A thriving v., surrounded by a rich farming district, and it has several flourishing mills and about 200 inhabitants. Kensi.xgton, t. and p. v., Eockingham Co., K. ITamp. : 86 m. S. E. Concord. Surface is nearly level and almost without streams. The v. has several stores. Pop. of t. 700. Kensington, t. and p. v.. Philadelphia Co., Penn. : 96 m. E by S. llarrisburg. Although under a separate govern- ment, Kensington is in reality a part of Philadelphia and a suburb of that city. It is simate N. E. on the Delaware, and contains a large number of industrial establishments for the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., and has also manufactures of iron, glass, etc. Ship-building is also extensively carried on. It has a large wholesale and re- tail trade. Dwellings 7,555, families 9,006, and pop. 40,776. Kent county, Hd. Situate centrally, and contains 614 sq. m. Drained by Duck, Little, .Jones, Molherkill, and Mispillion creeks, emptying into Delaware Bay, and Nan- lieoke and I'lioptank rivers, flowing into Chesapeake Bay. Surface moder.atcly uneven; soil mostly very productive. Corn, wheat, rye, and oats are the chief crops, and great numbers of cattle and sheep are reared. It has some water-power, and exports considerable lumber. Farms 1,655; manuf. 121; dwell. 3,573, and pop.— wh. 10,119, ft-, ool, 0,850, si. 847— total 22,816. Capital : Dover. Publia Worhi: a projected railroad from New York to Norfolk (air line). Kent county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 272 8(]. m. It has Sassafras r. on t\ie N., Chesapeake Bay on the W., and c;hester r. on the S., and a few creeks flowing into these. Surface high and tolling j soil fertile. Corn, wheal, KE>T KEN oata, and sweet potatoes are the leading products of the BOil. Marl and lime, from shoH beds, are abundant It has some mill-seals and considerable manufaclures. Farms 667; manuf. 35; dwell. 1.534, and pop. — wh. 5,616, fr. col. 8,143, si. 2.627— total 11,386. Capit^il : Chestertown. Kent county, 3fich. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Grand r., which crosses it. running to the W., and its branches. Eouge and Thorn-apple riven*. Surface rolling, except on Grand r., where it is hilly ; soil a rich vegetable loam. It is equally adapted to grain or grass, and produces great crnps. The W. is well timbered with blact walnut, beech, and sugar maple, and on Ilouge r. are valuable pine forests. It has immense water-power, especially on Grand r. Limestone and superior gypsum are abundant, and salt springs are found. Farms S47 ; manut 67 ; dwell. 2.251, and pop.— wh. 11,9S2, fr. col. 34 — total 12,016. Capital: Grand Bapi7. Rest, p. o., Indiana co., Penn.: about 118 m. VT. by N. Harrisburg. Kent, p. v., Jefferson county, Ind,: 7S m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Kent island, Md. : the largest and most important island of Chesapeake Bay, conlainmg 42 sq. m. of surfjice. The first selliemenl within the present limits of the Slate was made on this island by Claiborne, and here is the scene of many interesting events in the early colonial history of the State. It lies opposite Annapolis. Ke.N"tos county, Ki/. Situate in most N. point, and con- tains 145 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Licking r., its E. boundary, and Ohio r., its X. boundary. Surface moder- ately nneven ; soil fertile, admirably adapted to grain-grow- ing and grazing. Tobacco, com, wheal, and pork are the farming staples. It has much fine water-power and exten- sive manufactures. The X. is quite level, is under high cal- tivation.and densely pi^pulated, being a kind of dependency of Cincinnati, which is just opposite Covington, the largest town in the county. Farms 656; manuf. 109; dwell. 2,854, and pop.— wh. 16,116. fr. col. 92. si. S3i)— total 17,038. Cap- ital: Independence. Puhlie Worka: Nashville and Cot ington E. E. ; Covington and Ohio R. E. ; Lexington and Covington E. E., etc Ke>'ton, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., Ohio: on (he N. side of Scioto r., 56 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake Erie E. K. passes through the v., 78 m. from Sandusky. Two papers are issued here weekly, the '* K. Republican" (whig), and '-K. Herald" (dem.) Tliis is the business centre of an excellent farming district. Population of V. 1.065. Kestontown, p. v., Harrison co., Ky, : 54 m. N. E. by E Frankfort. Kent's Hill, p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 13 m. W. N. W- Augusta. THE STATE OF KENTUCKY. Kentucky is separated from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois by the Ohio Eiver, which demarka its north boundary ; and ftom Missouri by the Mississippi Eiver, its western boundary. The east boundary is formed chiefly by Big Sandy Eiver and the Cumberland Momitains, which separate it from Virginia, and on the south the boundarj' is co-terminus with the north boundary of Tennessee, The State lies generally between the latitudes 36=' 30' and 39^^ 12' X.. and between the longitudes ^2"=^ 02^ and S9^ 40' W. from Greenwich, or 5^ W and 12^ SV W. from Washington. Its greatest length on the parallel of Cairo, in Illinois, is -363 miles, and its greatest width on the meridian of North Bend, in Ohio, is 16S miles; but the irregularity of its outline in some parts narrows its width to 40 miles, as on the east line of Graves County, and its length varies as much as 100 miles from a maximum. The estimated land area of the State is 37,630 square miles. The face of the countrj- may be generally described as level or moderately nneven. The levels, however, are not like a carpet, but are interspersed with small risings and declivities, which make a scene of varying interest. In the south-east the Cumberland Mountains, which form the boundary toward Virginia, except from this character ; but ev'-n here no great elevations are attaiued, yet they give to that portion of the country a rugged and mountainous aspect, and their numerous spurs or offshoots, projecting quite into the middle of the Slate, render the surface of the whole eastern division eomewhat broken and hilly. Farther westward the country becomes undulating, abounding in bold features, althoogh the hills are much less abrupt than in the east, and gradu.ally sink down with more rounded forms and gentler acclivi- ties, until merged into the almost level plains of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers. Along the Ohio, and extending from ID to 20 miles in different places from it, are the Ohio Uills, parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms amund their bases, and give to the country through which they extend a rough appearance ; they are covered with lofty forest.';, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits; and the alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the richest description. In the geology of Kentucky the blue limestone occupies a conspicuous place : it forms the surface rock in a large part of the State, and is used for building purposes. Among the cliffs of the Kentucky Eiver is found an excellent marble, capable of a fine polish. The cliff limestone is the ba.se of the Ohio Falls at Loubville; the slate or shale is very common, bituminous, and supports combustion, and contains iron pjTites and ores, giving rise to mineral springs. The sand or freestone extends from Danville to Louisville, etc., and is used in the arts, and even for grindstones. The cavemoua limestone, as its name imports, gives rise to many caves, the most famous of which is the Mammoth Cave (*a* Mammoth Cave). The limestone region, indeed, abounds in caverns, sinks, and subterranean water-courses. Several of the caves are of extraordinary dimensions, but the one above mentioned is the most ."tpacious and best known. The sinks or sink- holes are cavities or depressions on the enrface of the ground, resembling those of Florida, already described, but of infe- ai8 KENTUCKY. rior oxienl; they are commonly in Ihc shape of inverted oincs, CO or 70 feet in depth, and from 00 to 800 feet in circum- ference at the top. Their sides and hottoms are generally covered with willows and aquatic productions, and Ihe ear caa often disllnpiish the sonnd of waters flowing under them. It is believed that these sinks are perforations in the bed of limest.ine below the soil, which have caused the earth to sink. Sometimes the {jround has been opened, and disclosed a subterranean stream of water at the botlom of these cavities. The conulomerale or pudding-slonc consists of quartz pclihl.s, rounded and united with line >and by a kind of natural cement : it underlies the coal formation. The coal-beds of Kenluet- are continuous of those of the Illinois and Ohio ; they cover 10.000 or 12,000 square miles, and are very accessible, bui nilhcrto tlie quantity of coal mined has not been to any great amount— not more than five or six million bushels a ye.ar. Iron is equally abundant in Ihc Stale, and it, too, is comparatively neglected, but from its deposits being mainly on or near navigable streams, it must inevlLably become a source of future wealth to the enuntry. An estimate of the quantity embraced lias been fixed at 3S,iiOO,000 tisess a greater wealth in live-stock, and one other equals it in the latter resp.ct. And yet, with all this vast amount of wealth and production, not one-half of its surface was under cultiva- tion in 1»«-.'S^, to which period Ihe above returns refer. Nature has been most bountiful to Ibis Slate in its noble rivers and usefid streams. Beside the great peripheral waters, the Ohio, Mississippi, etc., several large and import.ant water-courses traverse the interior, and, with the single exception of the I pper Cumberianrl, these flow in a uniform direction from south-east to north-west; and while the Ohio is the recipient of all the great rivers of the Slate, the Mississippi only receives a few inconsiderable streams of trifling use as avenuM of commerce. The Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, and Cumheriand rise in the same region in Ihe mountains of Iho ipouth-easl. The A>a(wtv is a rapid stream, running, like the other rivers of the State, in a deep channel with a rock? oca and generally perpendicular banks; it flows tlu-ough a rich and liighlv cullivated countrv, and in high slages of Iho water IS nuvigable for steamboats to Frankfort, 60 miles, and for flat boats about 100 miles f\ir'tber. The iiViia^, which also now^ ',""«" ° "''^' '■'"(t'on »' counlry, enters Ihe Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, an.l alf.irds boat navigation for about 80 miles. ty,ll m^r rises In the centre of the Slate ; it has a great volume of water in proportion to the length of ils course, and is navigable for boats for loo milev II receives trom the south a large trihularv. called Ihe Kolling Fork. Green £ivtr, likewise, rises in the centre of the Slate, and takes a westerly course, mitU having received the Big Barren Eiver KENTUCKY. from the south, it turns to the north-west; it has a gentle current, with great depth of water. Steamboats go up to Bowling Green, on the Big Barren. ISO miles, and flat boats ascend nearly to the heads of the river. The Cumberland has its sources and its mouih in Kentucky, but the greater part of i(s course is in Tennessee. liising on Ihe western declivity of the Cumberland Mountains, it passes into the latter, and returning north, enters the Ohio in the former State Its course is about GOO miles long, and steamboats go up to Nashville, Tenn., 200 miles, and" in high stages of waler even to BurkesvilK-, in Kentucky. The Tennessee, being sepprated from the Cumberland by the mountains of that name, has no portion of its head waters in Kentucky, but it cnti-rs the Stale about 70 miles above ita mouth, and admits steamboats to Florence, in Ala., a distance of about 300 miles. The navigation of several of these rivers has been improved by locks, etc., and in some the obstructions are overcome by canals and railroads. • Kentucky is divided into 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in 1 ^^50 were as f.jllows : Counties. Dwell. Pop, piirins in cult. i»lann Kslnb Cnpit.il«. Adair .1,513. , 9.S98. .1,010. 19. , Columbia AU™ ..1,249. . 8,742. . 740. . 7. ,Scollsville Anderson . . . . ^S3. . 6.260. . 420, 37. ,La\vrenceburg Ballard . . 775. . 5,490. . 4S3. . 7. .Blandville Barren ..a.ciJT. .20,240. .1,813, . 33. .Glasgow Bath ..1,595. .12.115. .1,013. . 23 .OwingsviUe Boone ..l,liI5 .n,lS5 . 9S2. , 10 . Burlington Bourbon .... ..l,:3+3. .14,400. . T34. , 84 , Paris Boyle .. 9->7. . 9,116. . 443. . 63 , Danville Bracken . .1,437. . 8,903. . T2S. . 21. ,Brookville Breathitt .. Ci5. . 3,7So, . 433. . 16. , Jackson Breckenridge ..1,462 ,10,593. . SS9. . IS ,IIardinsburg Bullitt .. 970 , 6,774, . 662. . 14 ,Shepherdsvino Butler .. sor , 5,765. . 629. . 8 ,Murgantown CaldweU ..1,746. .13,048. . 8S9. 35. .EddyviUe Callaway ..1,191. . S,09C. . 933. 7. . Warle-slioro' Campbell .,2,319 .13,127. . 730. . 12 , Newport Carroll . . 7iJiJ . . 5,526. . 376. . 17. , CarroIIton Carter . 944. . 6,241. 654. 7. .Grayson Casey ..l,ni:5. . 6,550. . 75S. . 11. .Liberty Christian ..1,9(». ,19.5S0, .1,190. 77. .Hopkinsville Clark ..1.364. ,12,6SS, . 792. . 17. ."NVinchester Clay .. 7^2. , 5,421. . 611, 11. .Manchester Clinton . 774, . 4,SS9. . 499. 8. . Alliany Crittenden. .. .. 97S. . 6,351. . 662. 13. .Marion Cumbcrhmd.. .. 942. . 7,005. , 607, 11. .Burkesville. Daviess .1,031, ,12,358. ,1,057. . IS. .Owenslwro' Edmonson... . CM. 4,0SS. 507. . 4. .Brownsville EsliU , 934, , 6,9S5, . 604. 2. .Irvine Fayette .2,(iS9. ,22.735, . 799. 156. .Lexington Fleming .l,9S:j. .13,914. 1,211. 96. .Flcmingsburg Floyd . 862. 5,714. 865. 4. . PrestonburgU Franklin .1,453. 12,462, 850. 62. .FltANKFORT Fulton . 5S6, 4,446. 861. 9. .Hickman Gallatin . 747. . 5,187. 414. 11. . "tt'arsaw Garrard .1,2^6. .10,237, 606. 21. . Lancaster Grant .1,11.31. . 6,1)31. 780. 15. .■U'illiamstown Graves .1,694. 11,397.- 1,279. 35. Mayfield Grayson ,1,065, 6,S3I. S24. 14. .Litchlicld Green .1,105. . 9,060. T91, 20. .Grccnsburgh Greenup .1,529. 9.654. 458. 20. .Greenup Hancock . 551. . 3.S53. 819. 15. .llawcsvitle Hardin .2,005. .14,625. 1,406, 50. .Elizabelhtown Harlan . CS7. 4,26S. 5:35, 0. .Harlan Harrison .1,758. .18,064. 1,130, 64. .Cynthiana Hart ,1,212, . 9,093. 829, 12. .Munfordsville Henderson .. ,1,3:57. 12,171. 1,037, 44. Henderson Henry .1,4.3s, .11,442, 1,029, 75, New Castle Hickman , 606, . 4,791, 546, 9. Columbus Hopkins ,1,735, 12,441. 1,354, 10. Madisonville Counties, Dwell. Pop, ?^"""J Jefferson 7,690, ,59,831,. 877. •Jessamine 1,093. .10.249. . O.')!. Johnson 008.. 8,873.. 604. Kenton 2,8,54, ,17,038, . 660. Knox 1,060 . . 7,050 . . 657 . Laurel 071.. 4,145,. 2S4. La liue 845.. 5.859.. 420. Lawrence 9S9,, 6.2S1.. 666. Letcher 416.. 2,512.. 34-3, Lewis 1,223,, 7,202.. 651. Lincoln 1,145, .10,093. . 614. Livingston 915.. 6,578,. 485. Logan 1,917. .16.581 . .1,130. M'Crackcn S:!5 , . 6,067 . . 848 . Madison 1,847. .1,5,727.. 1,185. Morion 1,42S., 11,765,, 963 Marshall 805,, 5,269., 415 Mason 2,423, ,:S,,344, . SSs -Mead 947,, 7,393,, 459 Mercer 1,702, ,14,067. . SSl Monroe 1,190., 7,750,. 746 Monlgomery... 1,103,, 9,903,. 850. Morgan 1,201.. 7,620.. 015 Muhleuburgh.. 1,451.. 9,809,. 921. Nelson 1,013 . .14,789. . 644 Nicholas 1,497. .10,.361.. 711 . . Ohio. 1,425.. 9.749.. 1,122.. Oldham 856.. 7,629.. 414.. Owen 1,023.. 10^444.. 917.. Owsley 688.. 3,774.. 481.. Pendleton 1,057.. 6,774.. 6il6. , Perry 471.. 2,192.. 396.. Pike 905.. 5,365.. 448.. Puhuski 2,208. .14,195. .1,523. . Eock Castle.... 746,. 4,697.. 441.. EusscU 840.. 6,349.. 665.. Scott 1,566. ,14.940. . 753. . Shelby 1,503. .17,096. .1,202. Simpson 9a3.. T,733.. 686.. Spencer 810.. 6,842.. 678.. Taylor 971.. 7,250.. 643.. Todd 1,316.. 12,208., 930,. Trigg 1,281. .10,129.. 843.. Trimble 865.. 5,963.. 469.. Union 1,140.. 9,012.. 681.. Warren 1,798. .16,123. .1,145. . ■Washington.. . .1..517. .12,194. . 807. . Wajne 1,369.. 8.692.. 929.. Wli'illey 1.214.. 7,447.. 980.. Woodford 1,063.. 12,428.. 680.. Eslab.' Capil.-ils, .614, .Louisville . 67..Nicholasvi]le . 5,,PaintsvilIe ,109., Independence . 6, ,Barboursvillo . 0,, London , 12,, La Rue C, H. . 10.. Louisa . O..Whitesburgb . 21..Clarkst>urgU ,. 07,, Stanford , 13,, Salem , 40,,llussellvino . 87..raducah , S9,.l;ichmnnd , 47,, Lebanon , 7,, Benton ,211,, •Washington . 7, , Brandenburg , 87, .Ilarrodsburg . 9,.Tompkinsvil!e . 83 Mount Sterl ing . 0,, West Liberty , 16,, Greenville , 52, ,Eardstown , 83,. Carlisle . 24..nartf;)rd . 8 . . Westport . 16..0wenton . 25 . . Booneville , 7.. Falmouth . 0,, Perry 5,,Piketon 14 ,, Somerset o., Mount Vernon 13, , Jamestown 59..Georgrt.i\vn lS2,.ShclOyvillo S7..Frankhn lS..TaylorsvilIe 22 . . Canipbellsville 2S..Elklon 37.. Cadiz * 19.. Bedford 7..Morganfleld 38.. Bowling Greea 21.. Springfield 17. .Monlicello 0.. Whitley 9S..YersailIe8, The whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 130,709 ; of families, 132,920 ; and of inhabitants, 982,405; viz., whiles 761,658— males 392,540, and females 368.848; free colored 9.7S6— males 4,771, females 4,905, and slaves 210,081. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumb—Kh. 485, fr. col. 4, si. 50— tital SS9; Uvid—vh. 421, fr. col. 19, si. 90— total 530 ; insane— vih. 48S, fr. eol. 3, si. 16— total 507, and idu'tU'—wh. 749, fr, col, 20, sl, 80— total 849, The number of free persons born in the United States was 740,881, the number of foreign birth 29.189, and of birth unknown 1.354: Ihe native population originated as follows: Me. 227, N. Hamp. 225, Verm. 277, Mass, 666, I!, I, 226, Conn. +48, N. Y. 2.851, N. Jer. 1.249, Penn. 7,491, Del. 607. Md. 0,470, Dist, of Col, 176, Virg, 54,694, N. Car, 14,279, 8. Car. 3,1 M, Ga. 892, Flor. 30, Ala. 792, Miss. 067. La, 071, Tex, 71, Ark, 271, Tenn, 23,023, Kcnturk;j 601.764, Oh. 9,985, Mich. 69, Ind. 6,S9S, 111. 1,649, Mo. 1,467, la, 69. Wise, 11, Tcrritori.s 3 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from— England 2,805, Ireland 9,466, Scotbnd 658, Wales 171, Germany 13,607, France 1,116, Spain 21, Portugal S4S KENTUCKY. 6, Belgium 27, Holland 85, Italy 143, Auslrin 12. Switzerland 279, Russia 70, Denmark 7, Norway 18, Sweden 20, Prussia 19S. Bnr.liniii 1. Oruece 1, Asia 3, Africa 4, lirilisli America 275, Mexico 42, Central America 1, South America 2, West ladies 41, and uttier countries 13.X The followinc table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the Slate taken by Iho United States authorities : CtiloreJ P.r.ona. Decfnni^.l Increii... Ceiuill WliiW . • , ■'■..lal , ■ , Y«,r. rrr..i.n.. Free. Slave. Tutiil. Pcpul«lion. Numerical. I'ercent. 1790 61133 i;4 11,830 11,!>44 73.077 — — 1800... ^....179.871 741 4n,-343 41.«>4 2-20.SI55 147.873 202.3 ISIO 824,-i37 1.713 80561 S2.374 4(l6..')ll 185.556 84.2 1820 4.34.644 2,941 126.7.32 129.673 5(U.817 157.806 .38.3 ISSO .517,767 4.037 105.213 1611.250 637.917 123,6il0 21.9 1340 590.2.53 7.317 1S2.253 1-9.675 779.S23 919,111 13.3 1S50 761,6SS 9,736 210,931 220,717 982,405 202,577 25.9 The statistics of the wealth, industry, pr.idiirtions. and institutinns of the State, according to the census of 1850, and other official return.* nfcrring to the same period of time, arc as follows: Oera;nVd /,«ii'/», cte.— Improved lands. 11,368,270 acres, and unimproved lanils, 10,972,478 acres— valued in cash at $154.S30.262 ; whole number of farms under cultivation, 74.777 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $5,169,037. J.ive A'to.-X-.— nor.«es, 8I5.6S2 ; asses and mules, 65,609; milch cows, 247.475; working oxen, 62.074; other cattle, 442.703; sheep. 1,1112,121; and swine, 2.S61.16;J— valued in the aggregate at $29,591,387. In 1840 tlierc were iu the State 395,85.3 horses, mules, etc. : 787,098 neat cattle of all kinds ; 1,008.240 sheep ; and 2,310..'ia3 hogs. Ornin <^;-o/«.— Wheat, 2.140,822 bushels ; rye, 415.073 bushels ; Indian corn. 58,675,591 bushels ; oats, 8,201,31 1 bushels ; barley. 9."i.343 bushi-Is; and buckwheat, 16.197 bushels. In 1840 the ciopswere as follows — wheat, 4,803,152 bushels; barley. 17,491 bushels; oats, 7,155,974 bushels; rye, 1,321,373 bushels; buckwheat, 8,169 bushels; Indian corn, 89,347,120 bushels. Olher Oop«.— Rice. 6,688 (in 1840, 16,.376) pounds ; tobacco, 55,501,196 pounds ; ginned cotton, 758 bales of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 202,574 bushels ; poUitoes— Irish, 1,492,487 bushels, and sweet, 998,181 bushels; hay, 113,655 tons; clover- seed, 3,2.30, and olher grass-seed, 21.451 bushels ; hops, 6,804 poimds; hemp— dew-rotted, 40,936, and water-rotted, 14,756 tons; flax, 7.793.123 pounds ; flax-seed, 75,579 bushels ; maple sugar, 437,345 pounds; cane-sugar, 284 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 40,ii47 gallons; wine, 8,093 gallons, etc. The value of orehanl products was .$106,100, and of market- garden products, $293,120. The annexed form will exhibit the st;iple crops of 1S40 and 1850 comparatively : SUples. is, *17.30G; IslS, $S,14o ; 1S44, $25.627 ; 1S15, $17,469 ; 1S46, $32,95S ; 1S4T, $26,950 ; 184S, $25,971 ; 1S49, $79,738 ; and IbSD, $190,987. The shipping owned in the coileetit»n district of Louisville in 1S50 amounted to 14,S20 tons — the whole navigated i.iy steam power, and em])loyed in river navigation. Tiiirty-four steamboats were built in the State during the year ending 30th June, 1S50, and these bad an aggregate burden of C.461 tons. Iiiternul Cammwnication. — Kentucky is bountifully supplied with navigable waters, and in all its great rivers import- ant improvements Iiave been made by locks, dams, and canals. The principal of these are the works on the Kentucky, Green, Licking, and Eig Sandy Kivers; and the Portland and Louisville Canal, overcoming the falls of the Ohio at Louisville, jiroperly belongs to this Slate. This work, although less than three miles in length, is one of the most important inijiroveniciils in the West; it is 50 feet wiile at the top, and admits tlie passage of the largest river steamers. The fall between the two pointa at which it joins the river is 22} feet, which is overcome by four locks. Almost ihe wh'»lc- line is excavated out of solid limestone, and was completed in 1S33 at a cost uf about $1.2U0,OU0. The cost of the improvements on Uie four interior rivers above mentioned amounted to $2.133.5S0. Kentucky has also an excellent system <»f turn- pikes, and recently has commenced to build plank-ro:ida. With regard to railroads, as yet about 130 miles only havd been completed ; but there are several viially inii)orIaut works of this description in a slide of forwardness, and which will be completed within the next two years. Of these the principal arc the Kentucky portion of the Mobile and Ohio R. K., the Nashville and Henderson U. K., the Louisville and Nashville K. It., the Covington and Lexington K. K., the Maysville and Lexington II. li., and several others pointing to the south and south-east, to the Gulf of Mexico and the ports of the Atlantic; and the Maysville and Big Sandy U. K., which will connect with the lines terminating at Uich- mond, Petersburg, and Norfolk in Virginia. Upward of 600 miles of these projected lines are now (-January. 1S53) in process of construction, and a considerable length of the whole contemplated has been surveyed and partially located. The several railroads named (and others, no doubt, there are), when in full steam, will have a mighty effect on the inter- ests of the ^tale. even as local channels of trade; but when their importance to the North and South, being links in the great chains in those directions, is considered, their very existence becomes the lever of all connection between the two divisions of the Union. In this point of view, Kentucky to the West of the mountains, and New Jei-sey to the East, are on a par, both essential to the building np of a national system of roads to connect the extremes of the country. The influence of these roads, even in the prospective, is well illustrated in the rapid advance in the value of properly. la lS4o Ihe assessment roll amounted to $22S,4'>S,161 ; in l^i) it amounted to $299,331,405; and in 1S51 it had increased to $317,082,6(14; or in the latter year, which was one of great jirojcets in matters of internal improvement, the increase araounttd fo $17,7.51,139, or about 6 per cent. Such facts as these are lessons applicable to every State and to every indi- Tidual who has at heart the a«!vancement of bis country in wealth and prosperity. Bank.% ^^'.— In January, 1S51. Kentucky had 5 banks and 21 branch banks; the Bank of Ki'ntucky (Louisville), has branches at Bowling Green, Dansville, Frankfort, Greenburg, Ilopkinsville. Lexington, and Maysville; the Fiimwrs* B(ink of Kentm-ky (Frankfort) has branches at Covington, Henderson, Maysville, Mount Sterling, Princeton, and Somer- set; tlie jVo/77(«vH.^(f ;//•«/ A'-^/i/^'cA'?/ (Lexington), h:is branches at Covington. Louisville, Paris, and liicbmond; WxeSorttTv- eni B^tnk of Kcntncki/ {\\\\?,^v\\\\\\y'), lias branches at Hickman, Owensboro, and Smitliland ; and the Bfink i;f LotimiilU has branches at Paducah and Flemingsburgh. There are also other banks at Paducah, Covington, and Newport. At the date above referred to the aggregate statistics of all the banks and branches then existing, were as follows: Linhilities-- capital $7,536,927, circulation $7,613,075, deposits $2,323,607, and due other l)anks $1.250,5S9 ; and a«.s^/W— loans and dis- counts $^_'..^06.3^t.5. stocks $694,962, real estate $419,070, other investments $440,127, due by other banks $2,451,155, noteg of other baidvs $550,879, and specie $2,791,351. Govflrnnifyit, et^r. — The present constitution of Kentucky w.xs adopted in convention on the lllh June, 1S50, and was subsequently ratified by the people by a vote of 71,563 in favor to 20,302 against it. The first State constitution was framed in 1790, and a second in 1799 Every free white male citizen, 21 years of age, resident in the State two years, or in the county, town, or city one year next preceding the election, has the right ofmffrage, but he shall have been for 6ii lic debt has been chiefly eonlracte.l f.,r the purposes of internal improvement. In 1329 so economically had the government been artminislered, that there was a surplus in the Ireaaury of some $200,000. This was distributed among the counties, and applied to Internal improvements ; and stimulated by the nvsulling benefUs and the " new impulse" ■which had s.>lzed upon the adjoining stales, Kentucky, in 1385, borrowed $l,000,"Oll, to he expended also on turnpike roads, of which the country was liien woc.fiilly dellcicnt; other sums were subsequently borrowed, to be applied in the Mrae way, for-.urnpikes, for railroads, and for locking, and d.amming, and creating siaekwater navigation in the Kentucky, Green, and I.lelilng rivers. For these purposes, also, a large share of the school fund was appropriated, for which the State now pays iuteresL The entire debt on the Ist January, 1S52, was $5,726,807 SO, composed as follows: debt to 818 > < r KENTUCKY. Individuals, $4,247,537 40; to Southern Bank of Kentucky for stock, $150,000,* to what is known as the Craddocfc Fund, $2,000; and to Board of Education, $l,8Jf;,770 40. To pay the iutcrcsl and principal oftliis debt, the State has a sinking fund, the receipts into which, in 1651, were $531,044 54, and the expt-ndilurt-s were $.'jut3,445 OG — excfss of roct-lpta, $24,589 48. Tlie sources of income to this fund are— a lax from banks and dividends on stocks in the same, premiums on State bonds, dividends on stocks in turn pike- road a, dividends for slackwater Improvcmenla, of 5 cents on $100 worth of property listed for taxation, tax on brokers and insurance companies, excess of ordiuar>" revenue at llie end of uacli fiscal year over $5,000. The interest on the State debt has been punctually paid and some portion of the principal- Kentucky stocks are always held at a large premium in the markets. Federal Representation.— Kenlucky, in accordance with the ratio of apportionment adopted by the act of 23d May, 1S50. sends 10 representatives to the national legislature. jE^lucation.^ThQ school fund in December, 1S51, amounted to $1,400,270, consisting of State and bank stock, and besides this the 2 per cent, lax, before named, is devoted to school purposes. The common schools are under a superln- tendeot of public instruction, elected by the people for four years. According to his exhibit at the above date 90 counties and 5 cities and towns had made rep'»rLs; the number of children reported as attending the district schools was ISO.Ul, and the average attendance was 74,;343. Money distributed to the reporting counties, cities, ^nd towns $111,6G6 60, the same having been paid from the inloreat on the permanent fund and 2 per cent. tax. These statistics embrace only tho schools connected with the State system ; the number of children in the State between the ages of 5 and 16 years waa 205,755, n)any of whom are doubtle^Iy attending the numerous private schools and academies which exist in every part of the St;ile.. The principal collegiate institutions in the State are — Transylvania University, at Lexington, founded 1793 —in In'50 it had 7 professors, 610 alumni, and 40 slupain, llie utmost ill-feeling was the consequence. A fillh conveulion met, and on petition, a delegate to Congress was allowed by Vir- ginia ; but the Constitution having been adopted, Congress turneil over to the now government all action upon the claims of Kentucky. The whole Slate was again in ferment at this delay, :ind at this early period the refusal of Congress was attributed by able minds to the Jealousy of New Kngland of any increa.se of Southern power, and this Jealousy was expected to continue under the new government Taking advantage of this state of things in the West, Spain proposed clandestinely through her minister peculiar com- mercial favors and facilities to Kentucky if she would erect herself into an independent government. These propositions had the elTeit ofilisturbing the public mind, and the risk of a severance from the Union was imminent. But a sixth and scveiilli convention were held at Danville ; and though party politics ran high in the debates, constitutional measures at length prevailed, and an address to Congress w,i3 moved and voted. Two more conventions were subsequently held, and Ihc question was determined by Kentucky becoming a separate territory in 1790, and its admission into the Cnion on the 1st .lime, 1T'.'2. Indian wars continued frequent on the frontiers, and complaints of the inelBciency of the federal powers were again heard. The whisky Uix also became oppressive, and the American policy toward the French Eepublic was denounced in every cabin. Kulhu.siasm was at its height, and the agents of the mad minister Genet were received in triumph throughout the WesL It was even proposed to raise troops in Kentucky to make a descent on New Orleans. Democratic clubs were extending everj'wiiere, and even the governor did not scruple to write to the Secretary of State, " I shall feel but little inchnation in restraining or preventing my fellow-citizens, etc., to gratify or remove the fears of a minister of a prince who openly withhoMs from us an invahiai>le right, and who secretly instigates against us a savage and cruel enemy." The old itlca of independence was again mooted, but the storm passed over. In the ten or twelve years which succeeded, and which included the period of negotiation for the navigation of tho Mississippi, and tlien for the purchase of Louisiana, Kentucky was again destined to be agitated to her very centre. The treaty of 1795 willi Spain gave to the United States the right of deposit at New Orleans, and the freedom of the river. Pending tlie negotiations, tho Governor of Louisiana had approached some leading Kentuckians, with the view of a difTerent treaty, but action on these premises was stayed by federal ititcrference, and the faithlessness of the Spaniard was Boon made evident. Seven years now passed in comparative quiet and prosperity, when the whole nation was excited by the intelligence that the Spaniards had violated the treaty by a denial of the right secured by the treaty of 1795, and it beetime known that even Louisiana itself had been retroceded to France. The ]>urchase of Louisiana by the United States woula forever have composed the turbulent elements of the "West bnt for the appearance there, at that period, of a man whose genius was of the most profound ch.iracter, whose popularity had been wide, but whose career and ainl)itinn had been prematurely arrested. Aaron Burr was prepared for any great and desperate enterprise, and the West seemed to promise the widest field for his abilities. "What the designs of Burr really were, has never, perhaps, been fully divulged. The probability is, they have been exaggerat<-d ; nor can any faith be pl.iced in Katon's story about the assassination of the President, the corruption of the navy, and the violent over- throw of Congress. Thirty years after this, when on his deathl>eutlicrn empire, or republic, which loomed up so magnificently in the mind of Burr, was not intended to dispossess Spain : only a part— it is oseii of volunteers, and was caMed into active service. In addition to these a f.irce of mounted volunteers was raised, and at one lime iipw:ird of 7,000 Kentuckians are said to have been ill the field. So universal was the desire to share in the dangers and glories of tho war, that the executive aulliority w.as obliged to interpose, to limit the numbers. During this period the chair of the Stale government was fille.l by Isaac Shelby, a hero of the P.evolulionary War, who, at an advanced age, manifested the same enterprise iin.l bravery that had gained him an ho„ora\>le distinction in tlie battle of King's Mounl:iin. At the b:utlc of FrencMown, and the barbarous mawacre that r.,llowed it. many of the best citizens of Kentucky were destroved : and the impetuous, luit ill-regulated, courage of h.'r mihtia at the unf.irtunatc attempt to relieve Fort Meigs, proved fatal to a lar"e bodv of her troops. Since the termination of this war by the treaty of 1815, the history of Kentucky is undisturbed by any stirring events. KEN KEW Ite progress has been rapid, iind the developim^rit of Ihe oounlry in aijriciillure ;iiid otlur nutional imiustrics has occupied the minds of the* pi-ojjit; in prfft.Tcnrf to warfare :ind strife. True, the wiir Willi Ml-xIco was eii^asfnblic schools. 3 select sehools. The newspapers I are "The Keokuk Dispatch" (dem.), " Wliig and Ilegister" I (whig), a medical jourjial, and a temp, newspaper. j Keosai'qL' A, p. v., and cap. Van liuren co., fa. : on the N. or left bank of Des Moines r., 60 m. S. S. W. of Iowa city. It contains the C. II., jail, etc., luimerous stores, and j about 705 inhabitants; and is a place of shipment for a fer- j tile and extensive district of country. The " K. Jefleraonian** (ay, and Ontonagon river, which has a depth of six feet over the bar at the en« 8C1 KEW nonce. The pust-officos »re, Algonquin, Kewcnaw Bay, Norlli-Wcsl Miuc, Oiiumotion, and Pt-uinsula. The soil or Ihe i.ini..>uta b rich, and very favorable for cer.ab, m Ihe dhrnle i» eo.n,>.ralively n.ild, on account of the u.oderal- Injt elTect of a large body of water on three sides. At I'orl ■n-ilkins the meteorological observations iuslitutcd by order of the General Government, proved the mean temperature to bo two decrees milder than at Fort Brady, allhongl. the latter post is CO miles farther south. The lion. Truman Smith who .spent a season in examinations of the rommg country, pronounces it to be decidedly more favorable for aKrlcullurc than large portions of New England, inclu.lmg the northern part of ConnecUcuU Corn, pl. Simonton, who took possession in person on the 22(1 Jan., 1332, and in the following April he erected thereon the first small house. In April, 1323, a custom-house was esUablished here, and it W!i3 made a station for the Gulf squadron. In 1382 it was made a military post, but tho barracks were not completed until 1S45. The buildings aro large, airy, and commodious, and are placed on three sides of a quadrangle, the open side being toward the sea. Mrs. Mallory, mother of Senator MaUory, was the first while female tliat settled on the island. This was in 1323, and for a long time she was without a single companion of her sex. As pioneer matron of the place she was presented with a choice lot of land, on which she has erected a mansion, and now occujiies it as a boarding-house. John Uallcck, now a printer in Washington City, was the first white child bom on the key— this was in Aug. 1S29. From these small and recent beginnings, Key West has grown to be animporlant and prosperous place of about 2,807 inhabitants. It is tho largest town in Fl.irida, and in 1350 contained a court-house, jail, the latter a substantial stone building, 30 feet square, the U. S. District Court, which has cognizance of all wrecks and disasters, the State Circuit Court, the Marine Hospital, etc., and h.ad 20 stores, 10 warehouses, 4 look-out cupolas, 4 churches, 11 wharves, and 050 dwellings. The Marine nospilal is 100 feet by 45, in the shape of the letter II ; it is a hamlsoiue building, well ventilated, and commodious. The churches are Episcopal, Baptist, Melhodist, and I'.onian Catholic-small but neat buildings. There are 4 private schools, and 1 county school— the latter open free to the ratluTless only. Fort Taylor is situate at the N. W. angle of llie island, within the main entrance to the harbor ; it is built on an artificial island, made by the deposit of many thousand tons of stone. It stands about 1,000 feet from the shore, and is 700 feet long in the rear, and 250 deep. Tho front facade is 258 feet within the bastions, tlie curtains being of Ihe same length as the front. It is very siibstaulially budt, and has cost about $1,500,000. The harbor is capacious, safe, and easy of access. It may be enlarged by several different channels, the principal ono being at the N. W. angle of the island— ships of 22 feet draft can enter there with safety. It is the only port admitting such between Pensacola and Hampton Koads. The principal business of Key West ia wrecking, but numbers are employed in fishing, sponging, salt maliing, and other similar occupations. Wrecking is a business peculLar to Ihe reefs, and a matter of the highest importance. (On this subject, see " Hunt's Merchants' Macazine," for Jan., 1852.) Sponges abound on tho reefe, and the people are making a profllable business in gather- ing them. A large portion of the population comes from Ihe liahama Islands, and are called couch-men, from their skill in diving, and the part of tho city this cla.ss inhabits is called Couchtown. Many of the leading merohanls are from New England. The position of Key West is impor- tant ; it is the Ket, of the United StaU-s to the Florida Pass and the Gulf of Mexico ; and henoe it has been strongly fortified. The lighuhouse stands on the highest ground of Uio island, and can bo socn 16 miles at sea ; and there is a KEZ KIN lighUship anchored on Uie reef at the W. entrance of the harbor. There is also :i Bubstnnliul imri lighltiouse on Sandy Key, 11 m. S. S. W. At tlie K. part of the island there is a natural salt pond, from wliieli 8(1,000 busliels of salt are annually nianuruclured. The steamers to Ilavanna and the Isllimus touch here regularly, and afford an oppor- tunity for visilinjw it, and conveyinj^ to its sunny shores and fine climate the invalid of the North. In 1^5!), 60 vessels (8,723 tons) cleared, and GS vessels (6,3T9 tons) entered the port. Shippina; owneii by residents, 6,T6rt tons, of which 4,41o was recristered tonnage. Of tlie remaining tonnage, 27 vessels (1.5;J9 tons) were wreckers, and 8 vessels (720 Vms) were engaged in coasting an., Clark county, ^y..- 44 m. E. byS. Frankfort, KinuoN. p. v., Cherokee Nation, Ijid. Ter. : on the W. side of Sullivan cr., 17 m. above its confluence with the Arkans.^s. Dwight mission station is located here, and also a flourishing school for the education of Indian youth. The stream is navigable for keel boats. KinnoN, p. v., Coweta co., Ga. : on a branch of Flint r., 76 m. N. W. Miliedgeville. KaoARE, p. v., Carroll eo.,(9A. .• 107 m. K, N. E. Columbus. KiLLAMOOK river, Ortg, Tfv. : a stream emptying into the Pacific Ocean, in 45^ BG' N. lat. Its sources are almost in- terlocked with those of Tualatin and of tlie ■Willamette. KiLLBOTTENE, p. 0., Delaware co., Ohio ;21 m. N. Columbus. KiLLBL'CK, p. o., Cattaraugus co., iV. Y. : 253 m. W. by 8. Albany. Kri.LBrcK,p. o., Ogle CO., m. : 163 m. N. N.E. Springfield. KiLLEcrK. t. and p. o.. Holmes co.. Oh. : t\m through its N. part. The manufactures of the t. corLsist chiefly of cotton gooils, but there are ;ilso numerou.H handi- crads of minor importance. The '- Windham County Tele- graph" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 4..M5. KiLLiNGTON- Peak, Vernu: one of the highest culmina- tions f>f th<' Green Mountains. It is located in the S. part of Sherluime township, and has an elevation of 2,924 feet above tide- water. KiLLiNGwoRxn, t and p. o., Middlesex co., Conn,: 32 m. S. by E. Hartford. Drained by Hammonasset and Menuk- etesuck rivers, which empty inlo'Long Island Sound. Sur- face uneven— in the N. rough ; soil sandy and gravelly loauL It is a good farmuig t.,and lias excellent dairies. Pop. 1,104. Kilmarnock, t and p. v., Piscat;iquis co., Me.: 9t m. N. N. E. Augusta. J)rained by Piscataquis p., and several of its aniuenL6. Kinderhooiv. t. and p. v., Columbia eo., y. Y. : 16 ni. S. Albany. Drained chiefly by Kinderhook er., an affluent of the Hudson and its numerous trilmtaries, one of which is the outlet of Fish Lake, ami all afford extensive water-power. Surface beautifully diversified ; soil sandy loam and clay, and highly cultivated. The village, 5 m. E. uil.ling, see Ubooklyn and •W1I.U..M9BD1M. Farms 868 ; niauuf. 576; dwell. 16,809, and pop.— wh. IW.'^i'S. fr. col. S,9S4— total 138,S82. CaplUil: Brooklyn. Public W'orkt : Long Island E. U. King's, p. o., Barbour county, Ala. : about 65 m. 6. E. Montgomery. Kings l!i:NCn, p. o., Franklin county, (?«. : 104 m. N. Milledgeville. KiNusBEBuY, I. and p. o., Piscataquis county. Me. : 59 m. N. by W. Augusta. Drained by the heads of I'iseat.iquis river, one of which rises from small lakes in the 8. W. pari of the t., and the other from two others at llie ba.se of lius- soU Mount, in the N. E. Surface diversilled ; soU weU adapted to grazing and wheat-growing. Pop. of L ISl. KlsosBOKOVGii^ p. v., Fulton co., K }'. ; 44 m. N. W. Albany. It is a flourishing v. of some 400 inhabitants. Kings BitinOK, p. v.. New York co., N. I"..- 121 m. S. Albany. 1 he p. 0. is at the bridge so called, which crosses Spuyten Tuyvil creek, the dividing line between New Y'ork bland and Westchester county. KiNOsunnv, p. v., Whitesides county. III.: 12 m. from Albany, and 13:i m. N. N. W. Springfleld. Kingsbury, p. o., Cumberland co., X.Car. : 43 m. S. by VT. Kaleigh. KiNGSituRY. p. T., Laportc county, Inr?. : on a branch of Kankakee river, 132 m. K. by W. Indianapolis, and 6 m. from Laportc. KiNGsui-Kv, t. and p. v., 'W.nshingtnn CO., JVI T. : 49 m. N. by K. Albany. Drained by Wood cr, which empties ■ into Lake Champlain; also by the Hudson r. on the 8. W. angle. Surface generally level ; soil sand, clay, and sandy loam, well cultivated and productive. The village contains about ih dwellings. The v. of Sandy Hill, the county seat of Justice and scene of B. F. Butler's "Stated Preachings," is also in Ihis lown. Pop. 8.1182. King's Cheek, p. o., Caldwell CO., K. Car. : 163 m.W. by N. Eakigh. Kino^e^sing, p. t. and v.. Philadelphia CO., Penn. : 89 ni. E. by 8. llarrisburg, and 7 m. 8. W. I'hilailelphia City. Schuylkill on the E., and Darby cr. on the W., bound it in those directions : both flow into the Delaware on its S. bor- der; surfiiee level; soil alluvial, and highly cultivated. In the Delaware are several islands belonging to the t., one of which. Mud l>land, is the site of Old Fort Mifflin, noted for its protnicted resistance to the British in 1 777. On the Schuyl- kill is the botanical garden founded by the naluralial Bar- tram. Pop. of u 1,178. Kings Fkuiiv, p. v., Cayuga co., J^. Y. : 136 m.'W. Albany. It contains about 40 dwellings. Kings Gap, p. v., Harris county, Ga.: 97 m. W. by S. MUlcdgeville. Kin*;si.ey's, p. 0., Crawford co., Penn. : 197 m. N.W. byW. Uarnol-urg. KIN Kino's Mills, p. o., Kane county, lU. : 153 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. Kisii'6 MiLts, p. v., Montgomery county, Mo.: 63 m. N. E. by E. Jeflerson City. King's Moiistain, p. v., Lincoln Co., X. Car. : 166 m. W. by 8. Ealeigh. In the ncighhorhood of this mountain is the scene of the celebrated battle of the 7th OcL, 1780, in which the British were defeated and compelled to surrender to the American militia. King's Polnt, p. v., Dade county, iTo. : 181 m. 8. W. Jefferson City. KiNOspoBT, p. v., Sulliv,™ CO., Temi. : above the junction of the forks of Holston r.. 286 m. E. by N. Nashville. Con- tains several stores and about 80 dwellings. Kino's Eiveb, p. o., Carroll co.. Ark.: on the r. so called, 144 m. N. W. Little Eock. King's SETOUEsnaT, p. c, Chenango co., AT. Y. : 97 m. W. Albany. Kingston, p. v., and cap. Autauga CO., Ala. : on the TV. side Autauga cr., 22 m. N. W. Montgomery. The court- house is here, and a few dwellings. Kingston, p. v., Cass Co., Ga. : on a branch of the Coosa r., 136 m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic K P.. passes through the v. ; and here is the eastern termi- nus of liome E. R., which is to be continued to Jacksonville, Ala., where it will connect the Selma and Tennessee Elver Eailroad. KiNcsTOS, p. v., De Kalb co.. III.: on Sycamore cr., 163 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. Kingston, p. o., Madison county, Ky. : 48 m. S. E. Frankfort, Kingston, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : at the head waters of Aniiemesix r., 74 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. Kingston, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., ila.%<^. : 82 m. S. S. E. Boston. Drained by Jones r. and its branches, which have their sources in several ponds, and empty into a branch of Plymouth ILtrbor. The harbor, in common with that of Duxbury, lies within the Gurnet, which forms the N. boundary of Plymouth Harbor. Surface level ; soil thin, sandy, and barren. Monk's Hill, on the Ijorders of Ply- mouth, commands extensive views in every direction. The v., on Jones r, has an elevaU-d site, and containsS churches and 50 or 60 dwellings, many of them neat and substantial. The t. has many vessels engaged in the cod and mackerel fisheries; and has also several factories and commercial houses. Pop. 1,598. The Old Colony E. K. passes through the town. Kingston, p. v., and cap. CaldweU co., Mo. : 128 m. N. W. by W. Jefl'erson City. Kingston, t. and p. v., Eockingliam co.. A": ITamp. : 85 m. S. S. E. Concord. Drained by two large ponds, the out- lets of which unite and empty into the .Merrim.ic; the largest. Great Pond, contains about 300 acres, and a wooded ishmd of about 12 acres. Surface divcrsifled, with several low hills ; soil a fertile loam. Pop. of 1. 1.192. Kingston, p. v., Middlesex Co., A'. Jer. : on Millstone r., l.'i m. N. E. by N. Trenton, on the line of the New Jersey l:. E. and the Delaware ami Uaritan Canal. Part of the V. lies in Somerset co. It contains several industrial estab- lishments, stores, etc., and about CO dwellings. Kingston, t., p. v., and cap. Ulster co., -V. I'.; 53 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopiis cr. and il» tribu- taries, and the Iliidson r. makes its E. boundary. Surface somewhat uneven; soil sandy loam, overljing limestone. The v., on the right bank of Esopus er., is 3 ni. W. of the landing on the Hudson. It contains the court-house, jail, numerous stores, factories, and here are printed 8 news- papers, the " Ulster Eepublican,'' the " Democratic Jour- nal." and the Ulster DemocraU" Kingston, originally called Ksopus, was early settled by the Dutch. Here was held the first convention of the State Eepresentativc«, which formed the old constitution— this was in April, 1777. On the 16th day of Oct. following, the British army burnt the village. KIN KIR fjen. Tauplianwas marchmgto therelief of Gen. liurj^nne, v?ho was compelled to surrender lo the American army the day following: at Bemus' Heights. Kingston is now a flour- ishing: town, with very considerable commercial and manu- Cicturing intorests. Pop. 10,236. Kingston, p. v., Koss county, Ohio: 84 m. 8. by E. Columbus. Kingston, p. o., Cumberland CO., K Car, : 50 m. S. by W. Ealeigh. Kingston, t. and p. v.. Luzerne co., Penn, : SI m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained into Susquehanna r., which forma its S. E. border. Surface uneven; soil generally fertile. The v., formerly called 'Wyoming, is situate on the N. bank of the river, and is the shipping [dace of the coal mined in the neighborhoonn, KtNNE, p. v., Du Page county, III. : 165 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Kinnet's Fouk Corners, p. c, Oswego co., K. Y. : 154 m. W. N. "W. Albany. KiNNicoNiCK, p. o., Lewis county, Ki/. : 9S m. N. E, Frankfort. KiNSDALE, p. o., "Westmoreland co., Virg. : 57 m, N. E. Kichniond. Kinsman, t and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohi<>: 15fi m. N. E, Columbus. Drained by Pymatuniugcr..an affluent of She- nango or. in Pennsylvania, Surface diversified; soil deep, dark mold, and fertile. The v. lies on the left bank of the creek. Pop. of L 1,005. Kinston, p. v., and cap. Lenoir co., iV. Car. : on the N. side of Neuse r., 73 m. S. E. by E. Ealeigh. It contains Ihe court-house, jail, and several stores. KiNTABisu, p. o., Sumter co., ^4?a. ; on Kintabish cr., a tributary of Tombigbee r, US m. "W. Montgomery. Kinzer's, p. o. and sta., Lancaster co.. Penn, : on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. K., 52 m. E. S. E. Harris- burg. KiNzuA, t and p. v., "Warren co., Penn. : 158 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Kinzua cr. of Alleghany r., which makes ils N. boundary, and supplies an immense water- power — which operates a large number of saw and other mills. Surface very diversified; soil of aver.ige fertility. Pop. 431. KioMATiA, p. o,, Eed Paver co., Tex. : 2GS m. N. E. by N. Austin, KiEHY, p. 0., Greene county, Penn.: ITS m. "W. S. W, Harrisburg. KiuKEESViLLE, p. V., Licking co., Ohio: on the S. side of a branch nf Licking r., 21 ra. E, Columbus. It contains several stores, and ahont 250 inhabitants. KiRKLANn, t, and p. v., Penobscot co., ilf. : 6S m. N. E. Augusta, Drained by streams, affluents of Pushaw Lake, the latter emptying through the river of the same name into the Penobscot, which it reaches opposite the village of Old Town. Surface level ; soil generally fertile. There is a email v. in the centre. Pop. oft. 717. KiBKLAND, L and p. o., Oneida co., N. Y. : 92 ra.W.by N. Albany. Drained by Oriskany cr. Surface diversified by hills and fertile valleys; soil rich calcareous loam. The Chenangn Canal pas.'^es through the t. about 10 m. S. "W. of Utica. There are several flourishing villages in the town which have considerable manufactures, and the town gen- erally is engaged ina variety of handicrafts. Pop. oft. 3,-121. KiKKLAND, p. o., Cabarras co., N. Car. : 112 m. W. by S. Kaleigh. Knac's Ciioss Poaps, p. o., Clinton county, Ind. : 30 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. KiuK's Ferry, p. o., Tensas parish, L(T.: 102 m. N. Baton liouge. Kirk's Mills, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. KiRKSviLLE, p. v., Madison county, Xy. ; 49 m. S. E. Fr.inkfort. KinKSviLt.R. p. v., and cap. Adair county, 3fo.: 112 m. N. by W. JeffL-rsnn City. KiKKvii.LE, p. o., Butler county, Ala.: 33 m. S. S. "W, Montgomery. KuiKviLLE, p. y.y "Wapello county, la.: 63 m, S. "W. Iowa City. Kir.KviLLE, p. v., Onondaga county, N. Y.: on the Erie Canal and Syracuse and Utica R. P.., 119 m. "W. by N. Albany, by route of canal 15S m. and by railroad 137 ro. fnuu Albany. It contains several stores and about 300 inhabitaots. 855 KIR KNO KiKKwooD, p. v., Broome co., JK Y. : 118 m. TV. S. W. Albiiny. The v. lu-s on Ihe Kew York and Erie K. E., 216 ni. from New Yurk City. KiRsEv's Ceoss lioADs, p. o., EdgofielU dist., S. Car. : 67 m. W. Columbia. KiitTLAND, t. and p. v., Lake connty, Ohio: 18S m. N. K. by N. Columbus, nbout S m. from Lake »ie. Here tlie Mormons erected IheJr first temple, which, since their leaving:, has been used as a normal scliool. A tributary of Chagrine r. traverses the town. Soil rich and productive. pop."i,5ys. KisuAco-QiTiLLAsi p. 0., Mifflin CO., Penru: 46 m. N. 'W. llarrisburg. KisKAToM, p. o., Greene co., JV. Y. : 43 m. S. "W. Albany. KisKiMiNiTAS, t. and p. v., Armstronjc co., Pcun. : 142 m. "W. by N. llarrisburg:. Drained chiefly by affluents of the Kiskiminitas, or Conemaugh r., which forms its S. W. border, and Crooked cr. makes its N. border. Salt is man- ufaeturod here. The Pennsylvania Canal has its course through the town. Mills of various descriptions are found on its streams. Pop. 2,503. KiswAUKEE, p. v., "Winnebago eo., lU. : 163 m. N. N. E. Springfield. A thriving town on Itock r. at the junction of Kiswaukee river. Kncniso's Mills, p. o., Orangeburgli dist., S. Car. : 48 m. S. Columbia. KiTTANLNG, t., p. b., and cap. Armstrong co., Pt^nn. : 152 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by several creeks of Alleghany r. and its tributaries, Crooked, Cowanshannsses the county. Surface uneven— in parts mountainous; soil in the valleya fertile and generally good grazing land. It has many mill streams. iJtmx is the chief product, and great numbera of hogs are kept Farms C57; manuf. 6; dwell. l,i'60, and p„p._wh. 6,239, fr. col. 199, si. 612— total 7,050. Capital: Barboursville. K.nox county. Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 518 pq. ni. Drained by North, Middle, and South Fabius rivers and thrir branches, and S. W. by N. fork of Salt r. Surface gently unevt-n ; soil excellent Tiie .streams are skirted with valuable tind>iT, urn! the bottoms very iimductive. Corn KNO KOS an-iG, fr. col. 2, si. SOU— total 2,S94. Capital: Kdiiix Knox county, O^iio. Situate centrally, an\ county, Teivi. Situate N. E., and contains 445 sq. m. Drjiined by Ilolston, Noliduicky, French Broad, and Clinch rivers, all branches of Tennessee r., and affording ■fine water privileges. Surface broken and mountainous ; soil fertile, especially in the numerous beautiful valleys. Ci^m and wheat are very large crops, and the stjiples. The graz- ing is excellent, and many cattle, horses, sheep, and swine are reared. The manufactures of the co. arc important and growing, consisting of flour, leather, iron, oils, liquors, paper, earthenware, etc. Farms 1,403; inanuf. 67; dwell. 5,Sfl4. and pop.— wh. 16,337, fr. col. 22.% si. 2,in5— total 1S.755. Capital :Kj\oyi\\\\Q. PuUic TTorA-^.- Georgia and E. Tennessee R. R. ; E. Tennessee and Virginia U. R. ; Knoxville and Cincinnati R. R. ; Blue Eidge R. R., etc. Knox, t and p. v., Albany co., -V. T. : 22 m. "W. All>aTiy, Pntined by Bozrakill and a tributary of Foxes cr. Surface rough and hilly— the t. being partly covere2. This is a very efficient and flourishing institution. In 1S50 it had a presi- dent, 5 professors, 122 alumni, and 57 students ; and its libra- ry contained 4,5(X) volumes. A preparatory department ia attached to the college, which has usually from 70 to SO scholars. The public press of Kno?aille consists of 5 peri- odicals, viz.: 1 semi-weekly and 4 weekly papers; the serai-weekly is the " K. Register" (whig), of which also a weekly edition is issued; and the weeklies are the "K. Whig" (whig), the " Plebeian," (dem.), the "Method- ist Episcopalian" (rolig.), and the " Ilolston Christian Ad- vocate" (rclig.) The city has already a good trade with the neighborhood, and contains wholesale and retail stores, churches of several denominations, two academics, and sev- eral primary schools. The present population is 2,076. KuKO.Mo, p. v.. and cap. Iloward co,, Iiid. : on Wild Cat cr., 53 m. N. Indianapolis. The site of an Indian v. by the same name. The Indianapolis and Peru R. R. and the Xew Castle and Logansport R. R. intersect each other at this poinL It Is the centre of a fine farming region, and must become the dcp6t of a considerable internal traflSc. Pop. aliout 600. KoosKOoSKiK river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Lewis, or Snake r. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, and fluning W. falls into Lewis r. in about 46^ laf. and llio long. The Presbyterians have missions on this stream. KooTANiK (Kutunalia, or Flat Bow) river. Orc(i. Ter.. a large affluent of Columbia r. It has its sources in the llocky Mountains in about 51° X. lat. In its first part it flows along the base of the mountains to 48°, and then bends W., and p.issing through Flat Bow Lake enters the Columbia above the P>ritish line. At its extreme S. hcnd is Fort Koolanie, a settlement of the Hudson Bay Company. Kop.o, p. o., Winnebago county, TImc-.; 79 m. X. N. E. Madison. KonrnuinT, t. and p. v., Delaware county, K Y.: 5S m. W. byS. .Vlbany. Drained by tributaries of the Delawarer. Surface liilly and mountainous; soil fertile loam. The v. ig situate centrally. South Kortright and Bloomville are other villages. Pop. of L 2.1S1. Koscri'SKO county, huh Situate X. centrally, and con- tains 570 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe and Eel rivers and their branches, flowing S. W. into the Wabash, and Tur- key cr., flowing N. tlirough 8t Joseph's r. into Lake Michi- 35T KOS LAC gan. Surface undulating. Soil fertile, and timber abund- ant. In the N, are some wet prairies, and several lakes or ponds abounding in flsh. It has many ponds that feed fine mill-slreams, and afford rauth water-power. Com and wheat are leading staples. Great numbers of hogs are fat- tened. Farnas 1,127 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,7S;?, and pop*— wh. 10.242; fr. col. 1— total 10,21:5. Capital: Warsaw, ruhlic Worl-a: Goshen, Warsaw, and Peru K. R. Kosciusco, p. v., and cap. Attala eo., JIi'm.: on the W. side of Yockonockony r., CI m. N. N. E. Jackson. There are .3 papers issued here weekly — the " Chronicle" (whig), •■•Attida Democrat" (deni.). "Sentinel and Pilot" (dem.) The V. contains a court-house, etc., several stores, and 40O inhabitants. KosKONOXG. t and p. o., Jefferson co., TT/V. ; 32 m. E. S. E. Miidison. Within this town lies Lake Koskonong. tJirough which Eock r. flows. Several tributaries also pour into the lake and r. within its limits. Pop. 1,612. Kossuth county, /(/. Situate N. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Boone r. and other heads of Des Moines r. Erected since 1S50. Kossuxn, p. c, Jackson co., Term.: "3 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Kossuth, p. o., Des Moines co., Ta. : 56 m. S. E. Iowa City. KosstTTu, p. o., Itacine county, Wt^c. ; 59 m. E. by S. Madison. KossL-TH, p. o., Boone county, III. : 1S5 m. N. by E. Springfield. Kossuth, p. c, Auglaize county, Ohio: 7S m. N. W. Columbus. Pop. 76. Kossuth, p. o., Washington county, Ind.: S3 m. S. Indianapolis. Kus^rxn, p. o., Cherokee county, Ga.: 117 m. N. W. Millcdgeville. KossuTu, p. 0., Washington co., J/l". ; 112 m. W. by N. Augusta. Kossuth, p. c. Clarion co., Pejin.: 14.8 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. KowAi.ioA, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala. .' 43 m. N. E. Montgomery. Kowe's river, Ore^. Ter. : a small r. emptying into the Pacific OcL-an above Cape Arago. KRAT7-EESV1LLE, p. o., UnioH CO., Peivn. : 48 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. KHJiiDEKsriLLE, p. V., Northampton co., Penn. : on Hock- endocque cr. of Lehigh r., 79 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. KuESGEviLLB, p. o., Mouroe county, Penn.: 79 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Ki:oirs MiLi^, p. o., Carroll co., M<1. : 63 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Kui.psviLLE, p. o., Montgomery couutj', Penn.: S3 m. E. Uarrisburg. KuNKLETowN, p. 0., Monfoe county, Pen^i. : SS m. N. E. Harrisburg. KrrzTowN, p. b., Berks co., Penn.: on a branch of Maiden cr., 52 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several stores, mechanic shops, etc, and has t>42 inhabitants. Kyodr. p. v., Gallia county, Ohio: S3 miics S. E. by S. Columbus. Kyserike, p. o., Ulster county, JS^. Y. : 68 m. S. by W. Albany. Kysebvili-E, p. 0., Liringston county, A'". T.: 214 m. W. Albany. Kyte Rivee, p. o., Ogle county, III.: 148 miles N. by E. Springfield. Labanl-s, p. o., Robertson county, Te7in. : N. by W. Na-^liville. Lacey, p. v., De K.ilb co,. III. : about 2 m. S. of Sycamore r., 160 m. N. by E. Springfield. 358 Lacit Spring, p. v., Eockingham coimty, Tirff. : 98 m, N. W. Richmond. Lacet's Speino, p. o., Morgan co., Ala. : about 2 m. JT. from Tennessee r., 143 m. N. by W. MontgomiTj-. Laceyville, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn. : 89 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. LACEY-vaLLE, p. T., Harrlson co., Ohio: 104 m. E. by N. Columbus. Lackawack, p. v., Ulster co., J^. K .■ on a branch of Rondout cr., 68 m. S. S. W. Albany. I^4Ckawa>'xa, t and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn.: 96 m- N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Lackawanna r. Iron ore is dug. The N. branch division of the Pennsylvania canal crosses the t. 73 m. from Northumberland. Pop- 511. Lackawanna river, Penn. : a tributarj- of Susquehanna r. It rises in Wayne and Susquehanna counties, and pursues a course S. and S. W. 80 m. to its confluence. It affords ex- tensive and Taluable water-power. Lackawannoo mountains, Penn. : these mountains ran between the sources of Lackawaxen and Lackawannoc rivers. One of their W. peaks is called Moosack Mount- ain, and is traversed by the railroad from Carbondal© to Honesdale. Lackawaxen river, P&nm. : a tributary of Delaw^e r. It rises chiefly in Wa)'ne co., and flows through a deep val- ley, receiving Dyberrj-, Middle, and WauUeupaupack creeks, and enters the Delaware in Pike co., where is a dam across the Delaware to snpply the Delaware and Hudson Canal water, and to enable the boats to cross the river. This canal fl>Ilows the course of the Lackawaxen 25 m. to the mouth of Dyberry creek at Honesdale, whence is a railroad to tho Lackawanna coal mines, 16 miles distant. Lackawasest, p. V. and sta.. Pike co., Penn.: on the Delaware r., 124 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Lackawaxen r. and other streams flowing into the Delaware. Surface rugged and heavily timbered ; soil productive. The V. is at the jUMCtion of the Lackawaxen and Delaware, the latter being dammed, and aflbrding great water-power for the lumber mills and iron works, which constitute iLs cliief business. The Delaware and Huringficld. It has a favor- able position for trade ai.J manufactures, and contains the county buildings, a high school, several .stores, and 51^0 in- habitants. The** Lacon Herald" (dem.), and "Illinois Ga- zette" (whig), arc publisihed weekly. Lacona, p. 0., Ji'ffersnn co.. Ay. : 49 m. W. Frankfort. Laconia, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: about 2 ra. from the Ohio r., 117 m. S. Indianapolis. Lacoma, p. o., Desha co., Ark.: 87 m. S. E. Little Rock. Lac qui Parle, p. o., Dakotah co., 3finn. Ter.: ]37 m. W. SL Paul. This is a trading post on the Minnesota or St, Peter's r., which here expands to a consi(lerat)lc body of water, called by the French, Ijiq qui Parle (lake that LAC LAF talks), from the remarkable echoes produced by ita nigged shores. La Ckosse county, Wtsc. Situate "W. centrally, and con- tains about 3,450 sq. in. Drained by Mountain, Black, and La Crosse rivers, and their many branches, affluents of the Mississippi, which is its S. W. boundar)\ This co. covers a large territory, as yei little settled. It lias tine large streams, lined with vast forests of valual^le piue timber, which is in great demand, and furnishes the chief trade of the county. The surface is much varied, and the rivers affurd oxcellent water-power. The soil is very fertile, and there is little prairie. That purtiua of La Crosse county lying N. of the K. line of township No. 9, has lately beeti erected iuto a. separate county, under the name of Jackson. Ctijjital: La Crosse (Prairie La Crosse). La Crosse, p. v.. La Crosse co., Wise: on the left bank of the Mississippi, at the mouth of La Crosse river, lOS miles N. W. by W. Madison. It has a good landing, and contains several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Lacy, p. o., Drew co., ArA\ : 77 miles S. S. E. Little Enck. Lacv's Hill, p. o , Pickens co., A/a. : 112 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Ladd's, sta., Erie co., Ohio : on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E., S m. from Sandusky. Laudsbukgu, p. o,, Bradford co., Pt^nn. : 106 m. N. by E. Uarrisburg. LADiESBiTKGn. p. V.. FredcHck co., Md. : on the S. Bide of Sam's cr., 5S m. N. W. AnnapoHs. Lakiga, p. 0., Benton ca, Ala.: on a branch of C^osa r., 112 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Ladoga, p. v., Montgomerj* co., /«41. O'jjital: Shullsburg. PuMio Works: Milwaukie and Mississippi E. E. La Fa^xtte, p. v., and cap. "Walker county, Gu. : 172 ra. N. W. Milledgeville. It contains a courl-liouso, jail, two academies, a dozen stores, and 5S3 inhabitants. La Fay-ette, p. v.. Stark co.. 111. : on middle branch of Sp'Kin r., 96 m. N. by W. Siiringfield. La Fayette, p. v., and cap. Tippocani^e co., Lid. : on the E. bank of "Waljash r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 5S miles N. "W. Indianapolis. Lat. 40^ 25' N., and long. S6^ 49' TV. ; it is the centre of railroad, can.Hl, and plank- road fraflie of great amount, and has several important ma ml fae lures. It contains about 40 dry gn>>ils slores, Hi clothing stores. 26 groceries, etc. Abuut a dozen warehouses, and a variety of minor sales stores ; also foundries, packing- houses, paper-mills, printing establishments, etc. It has also a large flouring business ; three newspapers are pub- bslied here, the " L. Courier'' (dem.), daily and weekly, the "L. Journar (whig), daily and weekly, and the"\Yabash Atlas," weekly. The means of education are ample, and there are churches of all the leading denominations. A branch of the State bank is I>jeated at La Fayette, aud two oilier banks have been csLiblished under the new law of the State. The Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the v., and intersecting it the New Albany aud Salem Extension E. E. ; aud here also the La Fayette and Indianapolis E. E. forms a connection with the tbregoing. Plank-roads extend hence to Oxford, Frankfort, Crawfordsville, etc. The situa- tion of L.1 Fayette is a very fine one ; the ^ound rising grad- ually from Uie river, and the neighboring hills presenting much delightful scenery. It is also surrounded by an exten- sive body of land, which can not be excelled in t'ertilily. and it abounds with streams, which afford much valuable waler- pnwiT. Poj). about 6,129, La Fayetti:. p. v., Linn co., Ta. : on a branch of Cedar r., 32 m. N. by W. Iowa City. La Fayette, p. o., Christian Co., Ay. .■ 1S_' m. S.W. by W. Frankfort. La Fayette, p. o., Grafton county, A'". /lamp.: 66 m. N, by W. Concord. La Fayette, p. v.. Sussex co., X. J'-r. : on Paulinskill r., 58 m. N. Trenton. It contains a ("iirnaee, mill, several stores, aud 10i> inhabitants. La Fayette, t and p. o., Onondaga co., X. T. : 126 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained E. by Butternut cr., and W. by Onondaga cr., which furnish power for several flouring, saw, and grist mills. Surface hilly; soil a clayey loam, and Aery productive. In the N. W. is a large Iiulian Eeserva* lion, through which the proposed railroad from Binghamp- ton to Syracuse is to pass. Pop. 2,532, 359 LAP LAH La I'ayette, p. v.. Matiison co., Ohio: on Deer cr.,22 m. W. Columbua. Pop. 147. La KAYKriE, t. and p. o., M'Konn co., Penn. : 142 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by briinchea of Allegliany r. Surface broken, and soil adapted to arass. Pop. 92S. La Fayktti;. p. v.. and ca|i. Macon co., 7Vhh. ; on Long creek, a head of Greene r., 47 m. K. N. K. Nashville. It contains a court-hou»e, jail, a balf dozen stores, and 200 in- habitants. La Faybttr, p. o., Montgomery county, Virg* : 149 m. W. by S. lliflunond. La FAYETiE. t. and p. o., "Walworth co., Wm\: 55 m. £. S. K. Madison. The t has a varied surface, fertile soil, and fine mill streams Howirifi: into l-'nx r. A plank-road passes thnmgh to Kaeine. Pop. of t. 1,008. La Fayettr, p. v., and cap. Yam Hill co., Orfff. Ter. : at the falls just below Uie junction of the N. and S. forks of Yam Hill r., '24 m. N. N. W. Salem. The Yam Hill r. is navigable for balleaux to within 'A m. of this place, and empties into the Willatnette r., about 22 ni. above tiie mouth of Tualatin river. La Favetfe City, p. o., and cap. .Jefferson par., La. : on thelefl bank of the Mississippi. 71 ni. S.E. byK. Baton Rouge. It is a continuation of New Orleans, and was consolidated umier tlie same muniripal government in 1S52. The New Orleans and Carrolton It. li. passi's through it, and several ferries cross the river. In 1850 four papers were published, the "State Itepnbliran" (whig), anrding the best of build- ing materials in immense quantities. La Grange, t. and p. o., Walworth co.. Wise: 44 m, E. S. E. Madison. The t. has an elevated surface, several ponds, and a good soil, producing grain, etc. Poj). 96G. La Okan(;e Blufp, p. v.. Brown co., III.: on the right bank of the Illinois, 47 m. W. by N. Springfield. La Grew Springs, p. c, Arkansas co., --t;'^*. ; 59 m. S. E. Little Rock. Laoro, p. v., Wabash county, /»'?.; on the N. side of Wabash r., 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. The Salamonie r. here joius the Wabash ; the Erie and Wabash Canal passt-a through the v., and plank-roads lead to Marion and Man- chester. It has a large trade, and growing manufactures, and 7M0 inhabitants. The " Indiana Eagle" (dem.) is pub- lished weekly. La Haiii'e, p. v., Hancock co., Til: 87 m. W. N. W. Spriiigfiel.l. Lauaska, p. 0., Bucks co., Penn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrisburg. LAI LAK Laing'b, p. 0., Monroe county, Ohio: 103 m. E. by S. Columbus. Laingsbvkhu, p. o., Sbiawasseo co., Midi. : 31 m. N, E. Lansing. Lairdsville, p. v., Oneida co., jV". Y. : 90 m. W. N. W. Albany. Laibdstillb, p. o., Lycoming county, Venn.: 74 m. N. Uarrisburg. Lake county, TIL Situate N. E. corner, and contains 4GS sq. ni. Fo.\ r. passes S. on or near tbe W. border, and through Pistakee lake in tlic N. W. comer, and Des riaines (or O'Plain) r. passes S. through the E., parallel to the eli'ireof Lake Micliigan, its E. boundary. Il has numenius enudk-r lakes or ponds, and in the E. se\x'ral swamps. Sur- face Jevel or gently undulating; soil very fertile, and much of it prairie, adapted to grain or grass, raising heavy crops of Mheat, corn, buckwheat, oats, and potatoes, and feeding great herds of cattle and swine. The dairies are large, and very pruJilablu; pork is a large export, and wool beginning to be. lis lake trade is important, markets convenieni, waler-power plenty, and is being hn)ught into use. Farms l,h\)ti ; nianur. 43 ; dwell. 2,455, and pop. — wh. 14,1S7, fr. col. Sy~total 14,220. Capital: Wankcgan. Laice county, /;»/. Situato N. "W'. corner, and contains 409 sq. m. Kankakee r. bounds it S., and Lake Michigan ^.y and their affluents Caluuiic, Cedar, and Eagle rivers, etc., drain it. Surface diversified— generally somewhat broken; soil various, on the lake shore sand-hills, covered with dwarf pine and cedar; farlherS. is a rich alluvial tract, and S. of that a sandy loam, and on Kankakee r. large marshes. The central parts are excellent grazing; the S, grows an abundance of grain. A large part is prairie and marl is plentiful. Farms 423; manuf. 5; dwell. 715, and pop.— wh. 3,990, fr. col. 1— total 3,991. Oipital : Crown Piiint. riiJ'lic WurJ:^: Northern Indiana K. K. ; Central Michigan li. li. Lake county, ,1/rV//. Sitnate W. middle, on Lower Pen- insula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Nolipecagon or Marquette, and Mt'moosie rivers, and a branch of Manistee r., allluents of Lake Midiigan. Its boltoins are well tim- bered with oak and pine, and the soil is said to be very pro- ductive. It is thinly settled, and has been organized since 1-50. Lake county, 0/do. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and contains 2-'l -sq. m. Drained by Chagrine anlichmoDd. Lake Erie (sa? Erie lake). Lake Griffin, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : at the head of Oclawaha r., IS^ m. S. E. by E. Tallahassee. Lake Huron (see Huron lake). Lakelano, p. o.and sta.,Suirolkco., A". }'. ;129 m.S. S. E. Albany. The station is 49 m. from Brooklyn on the Long Island R. R. Lake Landing, p. o., Hyde co., A' Cur. : 152 m. E. byS. Raleigh. Lake Maria, p. v., Marquetta co., Wific: near the lake of that name, 40 m. N. by E. Madison. Lake Miouiuan («''« Micuioan lake). Lake Mills, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 23 m. E. Madison. The t. has a fine soil for the grains, good water- power, ami rapi7. : S. of Little Chop- tank r., 41 m. S. E. Annapolis. Lake SrPKmou («.>• Sii-euior lake). Lakf, Swamp, p. o.. Horry disl., .S'. Car.: about 4 m. S. of Lumber r., Iii7 in. E. by N. Columbia. Lakkton, p. v., Wabash co., Jml.: about 1 m. W. nf Eel r-. 83 m. N. by K- Imlianapolis. Lake View. p. v., Dane co., Il'iV. ; G ni. S. by E. Madison. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. will pass tbrnugli it. Lake Vii.i.vok. p. v. and sta,, Belknaji co.. A', //amp.: on an arm of Winneptseogcc Lake, 25 m. N. by E. Concord. 361 LAK LAN It is on Ihe Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. R., 29 m. from Concord. Lakfville. p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. Lakkville, p. v., Oakland county, Mick.: 71 m. E. Lansing. Lakeville, sla., Ashland county, 07tio: on the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., 16 m. W. of Wooster. At or near this point, the Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg R. E. will intersect the line and form its best and most direct connection with Cincinnati. L.vKEviLLR, p. v., Livingston co., 2^. K; at the N. end of Concsus Lake, 209 m. W. by N. Albany. The Buffalo, Coruirjg. and New York R. R. passes near it. Lakeville, p. o., St Joseph county, Ijid.: 113 m. N. Indianapolis. Lake WAfOAMAW, sta., Columbus co., i^ Car, : 82 m. W. of Wilmington, on the Wilmington and Manchester E.R. Lakk Zuaicii, p. v., Lake county, lil. : ISS m. N. N. E. Springfield. It is a thriving v. on the borders of a pond so called. Lamar county Tex. Situate N. E. on Red r, and con- tains I,1S9 sq. m. Drained N. by Sander's and Upper ajid Lower Pine creeks of Red r., and S. by N. fork of Sulphur r. and its affluents, Brlgham's, Crockett's, Honey, Hickory, Sandy, Mulberry creeks, etc. Surface diversified, with hills in the S., and a wide belt of river bottom in the N. ; soil of great fertility, that on Red r. yields almost incredible crops of com and cotton, and is never failing. The other portions afford excellent grazing, and good returns of potatoes and grain. Most of the county is heavily timbered with oak, M-alnut, ash, elm, and cedar. Cotton is the staple. Farms 409: niarmf. 7; dwell. 49T, and pop._wh. 2,81*3, fr. col. 0, 8l. l,OSr>— total. 3,97S. Capital: Paris. Lamah, p. o., Marshall county, il^m\ ; 179 m. N. by E. Jackson. Lamae, p. o., Randolph county, Ala.: 11 ra. N. N, E. Montgomery. Lamak, p. v., Refugio co., Tex. : on the N. side of the en- trance into Aransas Bay, 154 m. S. by E. Austin City. It has a favorable position for commerce, having a fine harbor in its vicinity and a limited trade on the coast. Pop. 500. Lamau. p. v., Lake co., III. : 197 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Lamar, t. and p. o., Clinton eo., Pejin. : 67 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Big Fishing and Cciiar creeks. Surface rugged, with vallt*ys of rich loam. It is well sup- plied with water-power, and has large flouring and saw mills and extensive iron-works. Lamartine, p. 0., CIari(rti co., Penn. : 107 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Lamaktine, p. 0., Washita co., Ark.: 86 m. S. S. W. Little Rock. Lamartine, p. Nashville. Lamartine, p. Columbus. Lamaktine, p. o,, BL-nton county, Ala.: 9S m. N.N. E. Montgcimery. Lamautinb, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise, : 66 m. N. E. Madison. It has an even surface, with some water- power and some low land. Pop. 5lS. Lamasco, v., Vanderburg co,, Ind.: on the N. 8i'c, and oats, produce great crops — the cereal staples. Tho dairies are large, widely known, and very profitable; beef and pork are important exports, and wool is sheared to a large amount. The streams afford unlimited water-power, which is all employed in manufacnires of iron, flour, hun- ber, wtMjlen and cotton goIs — one of the latter, a well-endowed institution, and formerly known as Franklin College, founded chiefly by Germans in 1787; and has several libraries, and other literary institutions. The public press of the cily consists of nine weeldy newspapers and one monthly; the latter being the "American Law Journal." The newspapers are, the *' Union and Tribune," the "Folks' Friend," the " Examiner and Herald," the "L. Gazette," and the "American Press and Republican" (all whig); the " Lancasterian" and "L. Inleliigoncer" (both dem.), the "Satnnlay Express" (temperance), and the "Co- lumbia Spy." The city is surrounded byavcrj- fertile, highly cultivated, and populous country. Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Keokuk county, Ta.: be- tween Skimk river and its N. fork, S9 m. S. W. Iowa City. It contains a court-house, several stores, and about 300 inhab- itants. Lancaster, t, p. v.. and cap. Grant county, TIW. .• 69 m. W. S. W. Madison. Drained by a branch of Grant r.. which has considerable fall. Surface uneven, and soil wt-ll adapted to wheat. It i;* in the mineral region, and has lead veins in the S. part. The v. contains a court-house, high si-houl, several stores, and 300 inbabitanls. The " Grant County Herald" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. of L LnS2. SC3 LAN LAN Laxoastee. p. v., Smith co., Te7ifu : on W. side of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 51 m. K. by S. Nashville. Lancaster C. II., p. v., nnd cap. Lanca-slcr dist, S. Oar. : on a sninll branch of Calawaba r., 48 ra. N. by E. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several stores, aiui ;J7G inhabitants. Lancaster a II., p. v., and cap. Lancaster co,, Vzrg.: 58 m. K. by N. Richmond. It contains a court-house and several dwellings. Landaff, t and p. o., Graflon county, IT. ITamp. : 57 m. N. by W. Concord. Drained by braiirlu-a of Ammonoosuc r. Surface much broken. Landaff Mountain is in the E. Soil iu the lower parts very fertile. Iron ore is found in the north. Pop. 94S. LANitr.HsriLLE, p. o., Lawrence co,, Ala. : 157 m. N. N. "W. Mont^mery. Landgrove, L and p. o., Eenninfijton co.. Verm. : 11 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by West r. Surface elevated, and generally too rough for cultivation. Pop. 337. LANT)isBURGn, p. V., Perry co., Penn, : 23 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. It contains several stores, and a furnace of 1,100 ton^ annual capacity. Lanomville, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 26 m. E. by S. Uarrisburg. Land of Promise, p. o.. Princess Anne co., Virg. : 102 m. S. E. Kiehmond. Landspown, p. 0., Prince William co., Virff. : S4 m. N. Richmond. Lanpsford, p. o., Chester dist, S.Oar. : 2 m.W. Catawba river, 49 m. N. Columbi-a. Lan-e county. Ong. Situate S., and contains a large area of perhaps 50.000 sq. m. It has Linn co. on the N.. Ump- qua CO. on the W., between it and the Pacific, and an unorganized region, allacbed to Umpqua co., on the S. The Cascade range of mounlflins, whicli nm parallel to the ocean through the territory, crosses the W. part of the co., separating the waters of its streams. West of this range it is drained by Long Tom, Coast. Middle, and M'Kenie's forks, head streams of Willamette r.. which flows N. into the Columbia, and E. by Fall r. and \ls branches, pursuing a N. course, and emptying into the Columbia far to the E. of the Willamctle. It has fine streams, skirled with noble forests of gigantic growth, and is mostly in possession of the red man. Of its soil and products under cultivation, little is known, it being scarcely settled, and but just organized. Lane. p. o., Elkhart county, Iml. : 127 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Lankfielp, p. v., Haywood co,, Tenn.: on 8. bank of Forked Deer r., 141 m. W. by S. Nashville. Lanf-«iboro', t. and p. v., Berkshire co., MnsR.: 114 m, W. by N, Boston. It consists chiefly of a valley of great fertility, through which flow several heads of Ilonsatonic and Ibxisic rivers. The higher paJts swe excellent grazing land, and the lower highly cultivated «nd very prodnolivo farms. Wool is a heavy export ; Hmest^^uie is abundant, and bL'autiful marble and graphic slate are found. In the S. is a pond much resorted to by fishing parties, and through the E. passes the Pittsfield and North .Xiianis R. R., East Lanes- boro' Station being 6 m. N, of PilLsfiild. The v. contains an academy and several stores. The new State Prison has recently been located liere. Pop. 1,226. LAXF-SBOEOUGn, p. 0., Auson co., K Cur. : on Lane cr. of Rocky r., In7 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. Lanes BO ROUGH, p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn^: on the E. side of Cannewaeta cr., 132 m. N. E. by N. Uarrisburg. It contains 2 hotels, several mills and tanneries, and 500 in- habitants. The Erie R. K. passes over the r. on a tressle bridge. 4.'''0 feet long, and "0 feet above the creek. Lane's Cref.k, p. o., Union co., y. Car.: on a branch of Rocky r.. 112 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. Lane's Prairie, p. o., Osage county. Mo.: 8 m. "W. Albany. Laona, p. v., Chantauque county, JV! }' ; on Canadawa creek, 2{)'i m. AV. Albany. It is a thriving village, contain- ing several mills and 500 inhabilants. Laona, p. v., Winnebago co., HI. : 102 m. N. Springfield. Lapker county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains T'^O sq. m. Drained by Flint r. and its branches flowing into Saginaw r. and bay, and Mill cr.. Belle r., and K. branch of Clinton r., flowing into St. Clair r. and lake. Surface gently undulaling. The soil is mostly oak-openings; the N. is well wnodcd with oak, elm, beech, maple, and pine — the lust abundant on Flint r., ani/J. ; an affluent of Ohio r., which it Joins 3 m. below Aurora. It is a large and valuable mill stream, and is navigable for fiat boats nearly 40 m. from its mouth. It rises in the S. E. corner of Decatnr Co., and runs through Eipley, Ohio, and Dearborn counties. Captain Laughery's company was massacred by the Indians on this cr, and hence its name. Laugiilintown, p. v., 'Westmoreland CO., Penn.: 118 m. W. Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace, of 1,400 tons annual capacity, is moved by a small stream near iL Laura, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 69 m. W. Columbus. Lauramie, p. 0., Tippecanoe county, ImI.: 65 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Laurel county, Ky. Situate S. E.,and contains 355 sq.m. Drained by Kockcastlc and Laurel creeks, branches of Cumberland r. Surface uneven ; soil good, better adapted to grazing than grain. Corn is the chief cereal. Attention is mostly directed to the rearing of cattle, horses, and swine, and large numbers are sent to market. Farms 284; manuf. ; dwell. 671, and pop._wh. 8,946, fr. col. 7, si. 192— total 4,145. Capital: London. PuUio Works: Kno.\ville and Ohio E. E. Laurel, p. v., Sussex county, Del: on Broad cr. of Nanlicoke r., 39 m. S. Dover. Laubel, p. 0., Franklin eo., Ind. : on the W. branch of White Water r, 52 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. The v. (called Laurel City) is on the Whitewater Canal, and has consider- able manufactures, and a large Ir.ade, with 600 inhabitants. Laurel, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. Columbus. Laukel, p. o., Washington co., Virg. : on a branch of S. fork of Holston r., 246 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Laurel, p. c, Marion co., Jfo. : 82 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. Laueel mountains, Penn., Virff., and Timn. : a ridge of the Alleghanies, west of the main chain. They extend from Pennsylvania across Virginia to Kentucky, and under tho name of Cumberland mountains, divide the two latter States and cross Tennessee, terminating near its S. border. Laltiel Branch, p. o., Henrico co., Virg. Laitrel CiTv, v., Franklin co., Iitd. : on the Whitewater Canal, 14 m. N. W. Brookville. Laukel Cheek, p. o., Fayette CO., Tenn. : 151 m. W. S. W, Nashville. Laurel Factorv, p. v.. Prince George's CO., Mil. : on the right bank of Big Patuxent r., 21 in. W. N. W. AnnapoUs. The Wiishington Branch K. K. passes the v., 22 m. from Baltimore. Laurel Fork. p. o., Bath CO., JTy. : on a cr. of Licking r. so calleil, 66 m. E. Frankfort. Laurel Gap. -p. o., Greene co., Tenn,: on W. side of Lick cr., 219 m. E. Nashville. Laurel Grove, p. o., Pittsylvania co., rirg.: US m. S. W. by W. Eichmond. Laurel Hill, p. o., Marengo co., Ala.; on Beaver cr. of Tombigbee r., 82 m. W. by S. Montgomerj-. Laurel Hill. p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : about 2 m. S. Talla- poosa r.. 122 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Laurel Hill, p. o„ Eichmond co., y. Car. : near Shoe Ileel Swamp, 77 m. S. W. by S. Ealeigh. Laurel Hill, p. o., Lunenburg eo., Virff, .• M m. S. W. Eichmond- LAU' LAW Laurel Hill, sta.. West Feliciiina par., La, : 30 m. N. by ^V. Baton Rouge. The West Feliciana K. R. passes here, 12 miles from Bayou Sara. Lauhel Mills, p. o., Rappahannock county, Virg. : SG m. N. N. W. Richmond. Laurel Point, p. o., Monongalia county, Virg. : lOT m. N. W. by W. Richmond. Laurel Springs, p. o., Ashe co., K. Car. : at the west base of the Blue Ridge, 1G5 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Laureltille, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 134 m. W. Harrisburg. Laurens county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 703 sq. m. Intersected by Oconee r.. and drained by its aftluents, Big. Cool Spring, Palmetto, and Mercer's creeks, and north fork of Little Ocmulgee r. Surface considerably broken; soil excellent. Collon and com arc the staples. It is a fine grazing county, and raises great numbers of cattle and hogs, and has superior dairies. Ita water-power is plentiful. Farms 32S ; manuf. ; dwell. 6:34, and pop.— wh. S,4o9, fr. col. 9, si. 2,974— total 6.442. OipiPtl : Dublin. Laurens district, S. C^ir. Situate N. W., and contains 920 sq. m. Bounded S. W. by Saluda r., and N. E. by En- noree r., a branch of Broad r., and drained by their alfluenta, Reedy and Redbum rivers, and Duncan's cr., all flowing Into the Santce. Surface much diversified ; in parts hilly ; soil of great fertility— producing fine grass, great crops of com and wheal, and an immense yield of cptton. Cotton is the great staple. Many cattle and sheep are reared, and great quantities of pork fatlod. It has superior and abund- ant water-power, and limestone and marl are extensively found. Its inauufactures are large, and much capita! is in- vested in making woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, flour, etc. Farms 1,603; maniif. Ul ; dwell. 2,1-32, and pop. — wh. 11,371, fr. col. S3, si. 11,953— total 23,407. Capital: Laurenaville. Public Works: Laurens R. R. Laurens, t and p. o., Otsego co., X. Y. : 71 m. W. Albany. Drained by Otsego cr. Surface hilly ; soil a rich sandy loam. Farming is very profitable, and the leading interest. Iron ore is found. The v. called Laurensville is on the cr., and contains two hotels, a foundry, several stores, and 500 inhab- itants. Pop. oft. 2,163. Laurensville, p. v., and cap. Laurens dist, S. Car: near the head of Little r., 63 m. W. N. W. Columbia. It stands on high land, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 acad- emies, 15 stores, and 700 inhabitants. The "L. Herald" is published weekly. The p. o. is Laurens C. H. The Laur- ens R. R. extends hence to Uelena, on the Greenville and Columbia R. R. Laurens Hill, p. o., Laurens co., Ga.: near Rocky cr., 89 ra. S. MiUedgeville. Lauretta, p. c, Sauk co.. Wise. : SS m. N. W. Madison. Lausanxe, L and p. o.. Carbon co., Peun.: on Ihe W. 8ide of Lehigh r., 72 m. N. E. II.^rrisburg. Surface mount- ainnus, and soil unpropitious fur farming. It is rich in cord, find the Beaver Meadow mine lies within it. A canal fol- lows the Lehigh, with which several railroads connect the mines. Lavacca couniy, Tfvas. Situate S. E. centrally, and coiitains 1,0G4 sq. m. Drained by Lavacca r., its branches, SmilluT's, (lark's. Supplejack, and Big and Little Bru-shy creeks, Navidad r., and its branches. Upper and I^wer Rocky. Nixoii*s, and Sandy creeks. Surface mostly undulat- ing, intersected in places by ravines, generally of no great depth; soil a rich l)lack mold near the stream, witti a sub- itralum of recjdish loam, which, mixed, are of a chocolate color, imlicalive of. and peculiar to, the finest lands in the Slate. Back of the rivers is more sandy, but scarcely less fertile. The streams are skirted with heavy timber ; between them are a few prairies. Com and cotton yield enormously, and most oilier crops are heavy. The grazing is peculiarly fine, and horses and cattle, requiring little or no attention, are reared in great numbers for the eastern markets and ex- portatioiL Indigo is easily raised, and peaches, flgs, and melons are abundanU Farms 139; manuf 0; dwell. 203, and pop.— wh. 1,139, fr. col. 0, si. 432— total 1,571. Capital: Petersburg. Lavan3\-ille, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. LAV0NA,p. o., Lucas co., Oh.: 112 m. N. N.W.Columbus. Lawn Ridge, p. o., Marshall county, PL : S7 m. north Springfield. Lawrence county, Ala. Situate N. W., and contains 7.'»8 sq. m. Bounded N. by Tennessee r., ami draint^I by its af- fluents, and S. by head streams of Black Warrior r. Surface much diversified; in the S. elevated and broken, in ihe N. less broken, with some marshes; soil of great fertility. Cot- ton and corn are the leading and almost exclusive t*laplts. The annual yield of each is very large — among ihc highest in the State. Large numbere of cattle, and especially of swine, are fattened for consumption and export. It has many mill streams and growing manufactures, and excellent facilities for marketing ita staples. Farms 93(i ; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,469, and pop.— wh. S,:i43, fr. col. 63, si. 6.S52— total 15,25S. Cupitul: Moulton. Public Wurks: Memphis and Charleston R. R. La'wt.ence county, Ark. Situate N. E.. and contains 1,363 sq. m. Big Black r., a branch of White r., mus S. through the E. of the co., and the W. is draineti by its afllu- enfs. Spring and Strawberr>' rivers, with their branches. Cache r., another branch of White r., is its E. boundary. Surface in the E. low and level; generally undulating, or slightly broken ; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass or grain, and producing superior qualities of both. Com is the staple. It is an excellent wheal region, and produces good crops of nearly every thing planted. The streams are heavily tim- bered with pine, ash, and oak, and the forests furnish mast f^»r vast herds of swine. The Big Black is navigable through Uie CO. Farms 601; manuf. 0; dwell. 800, and pop. — wli. 4,SS2. fr. col. 4. st. 3SS— total 5,274. Capital ■ Smithville. Lawrence county, Ul. Situate S. E., and contains 354 sq. m. Drained by Embarras r. and its branches, and Bompas and Fox creeks, affluents of Wabash r.. its \L bound- ary-. Surface undulating or level ; soils various; in the N. E. are Large swamps, on the Embarras r. rich bottoms, and W. large prairies, with good timber on the streams. Much of the CO. is fine land, and in good cultivation. Cum, wheal, beef, and pork are staples. Farms G56; manuf. 20; dwell. 1.057, and pop.— wh. 5,Si.3. fr. col. 27S— total 6,121. Capital : Lawrenceville. Public Works: Cincinnati and St Louis Railroad. Lawrence county, lud. Situate S. centrally, and contains 438 sq. m. Intersected by E. fork of White r., and drained by iLs branches, Indian, Salt, Leatherwood, ami Guthrie's creeks. Surface generally rolling, with some hilly and broken land; soil excellent, and limber abumhmt. Corn, wheat, pork, cattle, and horses arc the chief exports, pork being a very large one. Limestone is found in abumlance. Farms 1.031 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 2,012. and pop.— wh. 12,003, fr. col. 94— total 12,097. CapiUd: Bedford. Puhlto Work^s: New Albany and Salem R. R. Lawrence eounty, Kij. Situate X. E., and contains 442 sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., and drained E. by ita branches, Weslfork and Blanes creeks, and W. by heads of I-iltle Sandy r.. flowing N. into ihe Ohio. Surface moder- ately hilly ; soil of great producti\eness. Com is the staple grain; wheat, oats, and rye yield well. This co, is abund- antly supplied with excellent pastures, and grazing is a leading interest Its cattle and swine are superior, and reared in large numbers f»)r N. and E. markets. Horses of a fine breed are also sent to Virginia and MaryLind. It haa gob\ manuf. 10; dwell. ^S9, and pop.— wh. C,14:i, fr. col. 1, si. 137— total 6,231. Capital: Louisa. Lawrence county. Miss. Situate S. W.,and contains 7S9 sq. m. Pearl r. pas.ses S. thrmgh the co.. and its atlUienta drain it; E., Silver and While Sand creeks, W., Babala cr., 367 LAW LAW Fair r., Falling cr., and heads or Bogue Chitto. Surface mosUy uneven, without being rough; soil fertile. CoUon ie the leading i>roJuct; cum and potatoes give good returns, and rice is eultivaled. Cattle and ewine arc raised largely. It h;is gootl mill streams, and some pine timber. Farms 45S; manuf. 12; dwell. G13, and pop.— wh. 3,549, fr. col. 0, si. '2,920— total ti,4T3. C^tpiUd : Monticello. Lawkencb county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 573 sq. m. Drained by Spring r., Centre cr., and Nch-hah r. flowing W. and into Arkansas r., and by heads of Sac r. flowing X. into the Osage. The Ozark mountains lie on its K. border, and the 8iu"face is much broken, giving rise to many streams and good water-i>ower. The streams are small, but skirted with timber, and, in the lower parts, rich bottoms. The soil is well fitted for gnizing, and parts are excellent grain land. Cattle and corn are the staples. Farms 4,107 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 748, and pop.— wh. 4,607, fr. col. 4, si. 24S— total 4,859. Ci'pital : Mount Vernon. Lawuknoe county, Oklo^ Contains an area of 430 sq. m., and is the most S. county in the Slate. Bounded S. E. and S. by the Ohio, and drained by its afHuents, Storm's cr., S}nmncs cr., and Indian Guyandotle r. Surface hilly and broken ; soil very productive, and excellent grazing land. Corn, wheat, and oats yield fine crops, and great numbers of cattle aud sheep are reared. Live stock, wool, and pork, are lea ^^ Mfherrin r., 55 m. 9. 9. W. KichniMid. It contains -^ court-huuse, jail, -academy, several stores, and 400 inWl^H-'i'iI-^- J..VSOSVILLE. p. v., Pvockingham co., K Car.: 77 m. jj ff. by "\V. Ualeigh. Lawsvili.e Centre, p. o., Susquehanna county, Pcmi. : lis m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Lawton, p. o., Van Buren co., Midi. : S3 ni. "W. by S. Lansing; Lawtonville, p. 0., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : S4 m. 9. by W. Columbia. Lawyersvillk, p. T., Schoharie county, N. K : on the CoblcsUill. 36 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and '200 inhabitants. LAY8vn,LE. p. v.. New London co., Omn. Laytonsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : "W". N. W. Annapolis. Lazaretto, sta.. Delaware county, Pcnn.: 11 m. frmn Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia, "Wilmington, and Balti- more i:. li. Leaciiman, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo.: near the Missouri, 165 m. W. N. W. JetTerson City. Leacock, t. and p. o., Lancaster county, Peini.: 43-m. E. S. E. IIarrisI)urg. Drained by Conestoga and Peeqnea creeks. Surface even, and Sf»il rich. It has fine mill streams and large flouring mills, tlislilleries, and various manufactur- ing establish menls. Pop. 8,539. Leading Creei;, p. o., Lewis county, Yir(;. : near the 24 branch of Little Kanawha r. so called, lOt- m. W. N. W Richnion«abIc manufueliires, though dcslitulc of wati-r- power, and noni;,iii9 an acadt-my, snvt'ral stores, and 607 inhabitanle. M'Kvidree College, founded in 1 S.J5, is located here, and in 1850 hn^y irislructora, 7i alumni, of whom 23 were ministers, SH studt^ta, and 7,000 vohimes in ila library. The " lUinois Advocate^' (Moth.) is published weekly. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Qoone co., />nJ. : 24 m. N. "W. Indianapolis. It contains a «;ourMiouse, jail, academy, several stores, and 600 iuliabiU,iia. The Lafayette and Indianapolis E. K. passes through », 37 ni. from Lafayette. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Marion >(,.^ 7^■^. .- on a small branch of Salt r., 44 m. S. by W. rranhs^rL It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and woN^hops, and TOO inhabitants. Lebanon, t. and p. o., York co., Me. : ST m.g. "W.. \yy g, Augu&ta. Drained by branches of Salmon Fal^ ^.^ which separates it from N. Ilanip., and furnishes watOvpo^r^r^ Surface uneven, and soil well adapted to farmiit(, and grazing, which are the leading interests. Pop. 1.4T3. Lebanon, t and p. v., Grafton co., X Ilamp. : on t^ Connecticut r., 45 m. N.W. Concord. Drained by Mascomyr, Whiuh, rising in a pond on its E. line, flows through it into the Connecticut, and affords flue water-power. It contains extensive meadows on both the rivers, and is an excellent farming region. Veins of. lead and iron ore are found. The v. is in a plain, near the centre, at the falls of Mascomy r., and has extensive trade, and valuable manufactures. It contains a bank, an academy, and several stores and mills, •yhe " Granite Slate Whig" is published here weekly. It is on the Northern K. R., 4 m. from its connection with the Vermont Central li. K., at White River Junction. Pop. of t. 2,136. Leb^VNo?-'* t. and p. v., Hunterdon county, K J. : 29 m. N. by W. Trenton. Drained by Spruce Run and S. branch of Raritan r. Surface hilly; soil rich loam, well cultivated. The streams furnish many niilUsiles, which are much improved in various manufactures. The New Jersey Central R. R. crosses the t., and the sta. is 54 m. from New York. The v. eontjnns an academy, several distilleries and stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. '2,12T. Lebanon, t. and p. 0., Madison county, 2^. 11; 98 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its branches, which furnish power for many small mills. Surftice uneven ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of grain. It is a farming t. Pop. 1,709. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Warren counly, Ohio: 72 m. B, W. by W. Columbus. Turtle cr. furnishes some water- power, and flour, iron, and woolen goods are manufactured. It contains a court-house, jail, and academy, and is the terminus of a branch of the Miami Canal. The " Western Star" (whig) is published weekly. Pop, 2,0SS. Lebanon, p. b., and cap. Lebanon county, Pe7m. : 24 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The b. contiiins a court-house, jail, and other county buildings, an academy, 2 furnaces, pro- ducing 7,00() tons of iron per annum, a bank, a dozen stores, and several large warehouses on the Union C'anal, which pa.sse9 it 3S ni. from Middletown, its tennimis, on the Susquehanna. Four weeklies are published, the " L. Courier" (whig), and the "L. Advertiser," " L. Democrat," and " Tnie Democrat" (dcm.) Pop. about S.Of'O. The 1. is drained by Swatara cr. and branches, ancl has an uneven face and generally fertile soil. L4'ather, earthen ware, and iron are the leading mechanical products. Pop. of t, 7,860. Lebanon, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Oar. : 73 ra. W. by N. Columbia. Lebanon, p. v,, and cap. Wilson co., Tenn.:on a branch of Cumberland v., 27 m. E. Nashville. It has a pleasant locatioa amid a greui tobacco district, and contains a court- 870 house, jail, S academie«, 20 slores, a^ 1,700 inhabitants In the vicinity are extensive cotton factories. Cumberland University was founded here in 1S44, and in ISoU had 6 instructors, SO ahnnni, of whom 21 were ministers, 63 stu- dents, and a hbrary of 5,000 volumes. Connected with tho University is a Law Schiwl, which had in 1S50 3 instructors and 56 students. Two weekly papers are published, Iho " L. Packet" (whig) and *' lianner lumbu8. Ledyaed. t. and p. v., New London co., Omn. : on the E. side of Thames r., 42 m. S. E. Hartford. Surface pleasantly diversified; soil mosdy productive. Fanning is the chief employment. Good granite is found in abundance. The Norwich and Worcester R. R. terminates at All>-n's Point on the Thames, 7. m. S. of Norwich, where is a fern,- and a growing village, with a brisk trade, and some conunerce. Pop of t. 1,5SS. Ledvaf.d, t and p. o., Cayuga co., K. Y. : on the E. side of VfUga Lake, 154 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by small «reams flowing into the lake. Surface rolling. Soil, clay anCM^jjfQ '^nvl is abundant, and great crops of grain are raised, j^ ^^j^ town are 2 academies. Pop. 2,043. Lee county _^^^ Situate S. W., and contains 506 sq. m. Bounded E. byv^int r, and drained by its afilucnL-., Muck- alee, Kiekafoonee,>pd oi^er creeks. Surface agreeably va- ried; soil mostly feN^^ Cotton is extensively cultivated, and forms the great sta^p^ ^ yf.^ j^rge amount being rais- ed. Other branches of ixriculture arc little attended to, corn-growing an exception- jt ^.^ considerable water- power, which is not much ils^i_ Farms SS7; manuf. T; dwell. 550, and pop.— wh. 3.025, f^, ^ol 8, si. 3,620— total 6,659. Capital : StarkviUe. Lee county, HI. Situate N. W. ee^j^lly, and contains "IS sq. m. Drained by Rock r., which ^oss^a tjje N. W. corner, and ils branch, Green r. Surface undulalin*' or level; soil very fertile. It has much pruirie,,ntcrepersed with occasional groves of limber, and some larf^ gwampa. Large crops of com and wheal are grown, and thbOTa^in" is excellent. Rock r. affords fine water-power, and a sjttora of great fertility. Farms 47S; manuf. 12; dwdl. 905, ^d pop.— wh. 5,2S3, fr. col. 4— total 5,292. aipiUil: DixonT Lee county, la. Situate S. E. comer, and contains 476 sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Skunk r., K. by Mississippi r., and S. W. by Des Moines r., and drained by their afllucntf, Half Breed and Sugar creeks, etc. Surface pleasantly di- versified; soil very productive. A superior farming co., which raises large crops of wheat and corn, aflFords excel- lent pasture, and exports live slock, beef, and pork. It has also fine timber, and abundance of water-power, which is much used in manufacturing. Ila means, natural and arti- ficial, for transportation of i)roduce and jiaasengers, are ex- tetisive. and make it a great thoroughfare for emigration and fr.'ighl dcj^liucd E. or S. Farms l,:V>i>; manuf. 73; dwell. 3.252, and pnds, which are Ihe sources of Passaduinkrag and Maltakeunk riwra, and afford good mill-stroania. It produces fine crops of grain, and is well Umljcred. Fop. 917. Lcc, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Xitss.: 113 m. W. Bos- ton. Drained by IIousaIonic r. anil ii.s liranohes, which sup- ply it with superior wuler^power. Surface hilly ; soil adapt- ed to grazing, with fine farms and meadows on the larger streams. It has fine facililiea for manufacturing in its abun- dant water-power and fuel, and convenient markets, and makes a great variety of articles, among which paper is the most important, and employs a large capital. Other IcaTling ariictes are cotton anrl woolen goods, leather, boots and shoes, bar iron, iron cjistings, mechanical and agricult- ural implements, cabinet and wooden ware, etc. Excelleot iron ore and marble are abundant The v. contains an academy, a bank, and several stores and workshops, and is II m. S. of Pittsfleld on the Housalonic li. E. Pup of t. 3,220. Lee, t and p. v., Strafford co., K iTamp. : 27 m. E. S. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r. and ite branches, which move several saw-mills. Surface uneven, and soil mostly good. Farming is the chief business. Pop. S64. Lee, L and p. v., Oneida co., N. Y. : 104 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Fish, Wood, and Lan- sing's creeks, which furnish numerous mill-sites. Surface undulating; soil clayey or sandy loam, and very fertile. It has fine timber, and makes iron, leather, woolens, and flour. Poip. 3,033. Lee, t. and p. o., Athens co., Ohio: 64 m. S. E. Colum- bus. Pop. 961. Lee, p. o., Wan^'ick county,' /?( (7. ; 124 miles S. S. W. Indianapolis. Lee, p. v.. Ogle co., JR.: 159 m. N. Springtield. Lee Centre, p. v., Lee co., ///, ; l:is ni. N. Springfield. Lee Centre, p. o., Oneida co., X. Y. : lOG m. "NV. N. W. Albany Lekcuburg, p. v., Armstrong co., Poiik: on the N, bank of Conemaugh r., I4;5 ra. W. by N. TIarrisburg. It is on the "W. division of tlie Pennsylvania Canal, 37 m. from Pittsburg. Leechville, p. o., Eeaufort co., jV. Otr. : 112 m. E. by S. Etaleigh. Leeds, t and p. v., Kennebec co., J/*". ; on the E. side oT Antlrnscoggin r., 21 m. 'W. S. W. Augusta. Androscog- gm Pond, a large sheet of water in tlie N.. fnniishcs abin> dance of water for manufacturing, which is an important interest, though excelled by farming, for which the soiJ is excellent The v. is on the r., and contains an academy and several stores. The Androscoggin R. li. pa.sscs through the town, and joins the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. ia the S. part. Pop. of 1. 1,9.^2. Leeds, p. o., Hampshire co., Jfuss. : 95 m. "W. by J^. Boston. Leeds, p. v., Greene co., Al Y. : on Catskill cr., 4 m. from Catskill, 28 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel, fui^ nace, and several flouring mills, with 300 Inhabitants. Leeds Centre, sta.. Kennebec co., 3fe. : on the Andros- coggin E. E., 7 m. from its junction with the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. Leeds Man^r, p. o., Fauquier county, Virg. : S6 m. N. Eiehmond. Leeds Point, p. v., Atlantic co., N. Jer. : about 2 m. S. of Little Egg Harbor r.. 53 m. S. S. E. Trenton. Leeds Station, p. o., Kennebec county, Sffi. : 17 miles "W. 5. W. Augusta. The Androscoggin K. li. here diverges from the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 44 m. from ' Portland. I Lebtisville, p. v., Monmouth co.. .V: Jer.: about 1 m.W. of Navesink r.. 33 m. E. by N. Trenton. Leedsville, p. v., Duchess co., a: }'. ; on Ten Mile cr 5S m. S. by K. Albany. It contains a bank, several mills, and A.'^> inhabitants. LcEi'ERTowN, p. Y., Burcau county, 77/..- 116 m. N Springfield. Lei siiORuuGU, T,, Montgomery co., 3fd. : aee Cottage. LEESBrntJ, p. 0. Cherokee co., Ala.,: 126 m. N. N. E. Moiiigomery. Lkesiiitro, p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 107 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. LEKsruTRU, p. o., Harrison county, K'j. : 31 m. E. by N. Frankfort. LrESiiiri:G, p. v., Highland co., Ohio : 62 m. S. W. by 3. Columbus. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. n. pa&sos the v. 50 m. from Cincinnati. Leesburg, p. v., Mercer co., Pemi.: on the E. side of Neshanock cr.. 183 ra. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. On the creek is a furnace of 900 tons annual capacity. Lefsburg, p. v., Wasliington county, Tfini.: 2o5 m. E. Nashville. It contains several stores, a high school, and 200 inhabitants. LBKsitiTHi. p. T., and cap. London co., Virg.: about 2 ra. W. of the Potomac, 107 m. K. Eiehmond. It occupies a conuiKinding position at the base of Killiictan Mountains, is ta-itefally laid out, and has a fine aqueduct leading from the liills. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank. 3 aca- demies, 80 stores, several manufactories, and about 1,691 inhabitants. The " Washingtonian'' and Loudon Chron- icle" are published weekly. Lke's Cove, p. o., Shelby county, Ala. : 59 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Lee's Creek, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 56 m. S. W. Columbus. Lei:'s Cross Eoads, p. o., Cumberland co., Pe7in. : 29 m. W. S. AV. H.irrisburg. Lef/s Mill«, p. o., Owen co., S't/. : N. Frankfort LiE^ruRT, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 4S m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Lie's Eidge, p. o., Eaodoliih co., Ala. : 73 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Li:esvili.e, p. v., Middlesex co., Conji. Lresvii.i.e, p. v., Lawrence county, Ind.: 68 miles 9. Indian.-: j^ilis. LEEsvti.i.E, p. v.. Hart county, Ktj.: on Bacon cr., 74 m. S. S. AV. Frankfort. Lecsvili-b, p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : 49 m. W. by N. Ali>any. Lek^ville, p. v., Eobeson co., N". Cai:: on a branch of Lumber r., S!' m. S. by W. Raleigh. Lersville, p. T., Carroll county, Ohio: 95 ra. E. N. E. Columbus. Leivsville, p. o., Lexington dist, S. Oar. : 27 m. W. by S. Columbia. Leesville, p. v.. Campbell co., Virg. : at the junction of Goose cr. and Stant.m r.. 104 m. W. S. \V. Eiehmond. It contains several mills and 1.^0 inhabitant?- LEf-sviLLE Cross Eoads, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio : 57 m. N. by E. Columbus. Leetown, p. v., Jefferson co., V-i'V- ■ on Ocoquan r., 124 m. N. by W. Eiehmond, It cont-iins several mills and 200 inhabitants. Lke Valley, p. o., Hawkins county, Tenn.: 3 m. S. of Clinch r., 236 m. E. by N- Nashville. Lefever, p. o., Bar.'holomew co., Iiul : 3S m. 9. by E. Indianapolis. LHKLosn, p. o., Carroll county, J/m ; 83 m. N. by E. Jackson. Leoal L.tw, p. v.. York disf.. S. Car. : 67 m. N. Columbix r.Eiii C'lTY, v., Utah CO., rtah Tf-r. : on the E. side of Jord:i--i r.. and at the outlet of Utah Lake. 104 m. N. by E. FiUmnre City. It is one of the Mormon settlements. 373 LEH LEN Leiii, p. o., Jefferson co., Ark. : S. S. E. LiUlc Kocfc. Leiugu comity, Penn. Situate E. middle, and contains 821 sq. m. Drained by_ Lehigh r., which runs on its N. E. border, and its branches. The Blue Kidge tvcujiics the N. border, and parla of the county are broken — most is dchghl- fully varied; sail generally excellent, raisini; Une croi)S of i\heat, corn, rye, and oats, and feeding large (hiiries. It has much water-power, and its manufactures are very large. The chief of these is iron, which is found in abundance, with inexhaustible beds of coal in the vicinity. Cotton and woolen goods, powder, leather, stoneware, and distilled liquors are also made. Farms 2,074; manuf. 27U; dwell. 5,589, and pop.— wh. 32.4-31, fr. col. 4S— total 32,479. Cap- ital: AUentown. Fublic Wwl's: IMiiladelphia and Dela- ware Water Gap E. K.; Easton aod Maucli Cliunk 11. li. Leuigh river, Penn,: a tril>ut:iry of Delaware river. It rises in Luzerne county, near "WUkesbarre-, and flows about 101} m. to Easton. Along this river, by means of locks, dams, and Ciinals, a navigation is opened from Easton to "Whitehaven, 84} ni,, of which 30^ consist of p<»ols, 39^ of canal, 2i of locks, and the remainder of sluices. This forms a most important opening to the coal mines, to wliich rail- roads are continued. The river in its upper part is a rapid mountain stream, with many falls and cascades. Lehigh Gap, p. v., Carbon co., I'enii.: 74 m. E. N. E. Harrisbnrg. The Leiiigh r. here passes through the Blue Mounlain, which rises about 1,200 feet above the clianuel on either hand, and forms a spectacle of great grandeur. "Water cement is made in the v. from limestone found here. A few miles distant are 3 hloomeries and a charcoal forge, wiiieh together make 220 tons of bars i>er annum, mostly from the magneetic ores of New Jersey. Lkhigutox. p. v., Carljon co., Penn. : oti Lehigh r., 7G m. N. E. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses tho river. In and near the v. are 2 bloomery forges, producing lb tons of bars per annum, and a charcoal furnace of 2,000 tons capacity. Lkuman, t. and p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 82 m. N. K. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Lehman's, Harvey's, and olher creeks, which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface much broken, and soil good. EaiTuing and grazing are the principal pursuits. Lbicbsteb, t and p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 46 m. "W. Boston. It lies on the highest land between Boston Harbor and the Connecticut, and has many hills, from which de- scend branches of Chicopee, Quinnebaug, and Blackstonc rivers, affording numerous mill-seals. Surface very uneven, and soil deep and ft- rtile. It contains m.iny exceUent farms and large dairies and orchards. "Woolen and cotton goods are largely manufactured, and macliinery of various kinds, cards, combs, chairs, cabinet-ware, farming imi>lements, boots and shoes, etc. The Western R. K. hjis a sla. in the E. part 9 m. "W. Worcester. The v. is on a hill command- ing an extensive and charming view, is beautifully laid out, and contains a celebrated and well-endowed academy, in- corporated 1n 17S4, a bank, several hotels, stores, and work- shops, and many elegant mansions. Pop. of t. 2,269. Lkicertee, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm. : 38 m. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. and its br.inches. Great Trout Pond, a large sheet of water, lies partly in it on tlie X. S^urface l>roken, and in the K. mountainous ; soil, except in Iht.' liighest parts, a ferlile windy loam, wilb some clay fiats. The Uulland and Buriington i;. B. crosses the W. part along OUer cr. Pop. 596. Leightoh, p. v., Lawrence «o., Ala. : 171 m. N. N. "W. Montgomery, The Memphis and Charleston K. K. passes here. LEiGirroN'e, p. c, Yalabuaha co., Mh.^. : 118 m. N. by E. Jackson. LEionroN's Cobn£bs, p. o., Carroll co., A'. Jlamjy. : 85 m. K. E. Concord. Lkipeu's FoKK,p. 0., Williamson co., Tenn. : on > branch of Uarpetl r. so called, 22 m. S. S. W. Nashville. I^u-ERSviLLE, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: about 1 m. 273 from Delaware r^ S4 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. A canal, 2 m. long, leads through it from stone quarriee on Kidley'a cr. to the Delaware. '^ Leii'Sic, p. v., Kent co., i)tf?. ; on Little Duck cr., 7 m. N. Dover. LEII'SIC, p. Ot Putnam co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. Leistville, p. T., Pickaway county, Ohio: 2^3 m. S. Columbus. LErrEKSBimo, p. v., Washington co., Md.: 2 m. E. of Antietam cr., 77 m. N. W. Annai)oli5. Pop. 293. Lelanau county, Mich. Situate N. W. on Lower Penin- sula, and contains 6S7 sq. m. Bounded ^V. and N. by Lake Miehig.in, and N. E. by Grand Traverse Bay, and drained by Butsie r., and other small rivers flowing into the lake. Surface in parts low and marshy, with bold bluffs on the lake shore and liills farther back. It lias numerous ponds tilled with tine ftsh, and Is well timbered, the last being the the chief atlraclion, as the co. is little settletL Ir includes Great aud Little Manilou islands, which have a beautiful appearance on the water, and are resorted to for hunting and fishing. Unorganized in 1850. Lelaxd's Mill, p. o., Sauk co., Wise Lemingtox, t. and p. o., Essex county, Tei-m, : on the Connecticut, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by several smaU streams, on one of which is a beautiful cascade of 50 feet. Surface mountainous, and mostly incapable of culti- vation. Pop. 187. Lemon Place, sla., Lancaster co., Penn.: 12 m. E. of Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia!:. E. Lemost, p. v., Cook coimty, JU.: 167 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Lempster, t. and p. c, Sullivan co., K JTdmp. : 33 m. "W. Concord. Drained by heads of Cold and Sugar rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven, and in the E. mountainous; soil best adapted to grass. It contains sereral small manufactories. Pop. 906. Lenawee county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains 738 sq. m. Drained by Eaisin r. and ita branches, Macon and Little Eaisin rivers, and Bear, Wolf, and Evan's creeks, and N. and S. branches of liaisin r. ; and W. by Tiffin's or Bear cr. of the Maumee. Surface mostly undulating — in the N. somewhat hilly ; soil a black, sandy loam, free from stone, and very prolific of wheat, corn, oats, and grass— a superior farming or gracing co. The S. is well timbered. In the N. W. are several large ponds or lakes, the largest being Michemanetuc, or Devil's Lake, Wamplcr's and Evans's, aud the CO. is abundantly supplied with excellent water- power, and has extensive manufactures. Marl is abundant, aud good iron ore is found. Wheat, corn, live-stock, beef, and pork are leading exports. Farms 2,470; manuf l.'jG; dwell. 4,892, and pop.— wh. 20,252, fr. col. 90— total 26,372. Capital : Tecumseh. PahUc Works : Michigan Southern P. R. ; ^Erie and Kalamazoo E. E. ; Tecumseh Branch Bail road. Lenn'8 Creek, p. o., Eanawha county, Virg. : 137 m. W.N. W. Eichmond. Lenoir county, A^ Car. Situate S. E., and contains 355 sq. m. Intersected by Neusc r., and drained by Moekasiu and Trent rivers, and smaller l>rani-hcs of it. Surface niorfly level or slightly uneven ;yoil on the streams rich, but back of them sandy and much less fertile. Corn Is the chief crop; wheat, cotton, sweet potatoes, and, in the marshes, rice, arc suiJcessfuUy cultivated. It has considerable excel- lent pine limber and some water-power. Farms 362 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 702, and pop.— wh. 3,567, fr. col. 145, si. 4,116 — total 7,52-^. (<:/>/?.// ; Kingston. PuUic TTori* ; Goldsboro' and Newberu K. R. (projected). LuNoivu p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., K. Car.: 1G6 m. W. by N. Raleigh. It contains a court-house and jail, and several dwellings. Lenoik's, p. o., Eoane county, Tenn,: 141 m. E. by S. Nashville. LEX LER Lenox, t, p. v., and cap. Bt-rksiiire eo.. Jfafis. : 115 vn. W. Boston. Draini-ii by Ilousatnuic r., wliicli floMs on its E. border, and affords some water-power. Surface checkerod with rnirgeti iiills and lovely Talleys. and soil very produc- tive'. It iias rich di"|iosi(.s of iron ore find quarries of beauti- ful marble, holh of which are wmu^lit, but is chiefly a farming town, the attractive scenery nf which has made it the favorite retreatnf genius, native and foreisrn,and a sum- mer resort of Uie 'heauty and fashion of the land. The v. is neatly built on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, jail, an aoa'ieniy. fi_iunded in 1S03, and many elegant man- sions. The Housalonic R. K. passes along the river, auy Allen's cr., which afl"ords great water- power. Surface mostly level; soil sandy loam, and exceed- ingly productive of wheal and other grain. The Buffalo, Corning, and New York R. R. crosses it. The v. is on the creek, which falls 125 feet within 2 miles, and is largely engaged in manufacturing flour, oil, and leather. It is m(»slly I>uilt of stone, and contains a bank, an academy. 25 stores, several large flouring mill', and about 2,000 inhab- itants. The *'L. Gazelle," and ■'Genesee Courier" (both whiff), are published here weekly. Pop. of t 3,472. Le Rov, p. o., Medina county, Ohio: 89 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Le Roy. 1. and p. o.. Dodge county, "BV^c. .* 56 m. N. E. Ma.lison. The t. has fine land in the E., but the W. is a portion of the great Wiimebago Marsh. Pop. 397. Lb Pov. I. and p. o.. Bradford county, Petjn. : 91 m. N. Harrtsburg. T)raineii by Towanda creek and its branches, which move numerous saw-mills. Surface uneven, and soil guod : woolens arc manufactured, and lumber exported. LER LEW Le Kot, L and p. o., Ingham co., J/to/r. ; 19 in. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Cedar r. and its brandies. It has a fertile soil, and is well supplied wiUi timber and mill-sites. Pop. 254, Ljcslie, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mic/u : 21 m. S, by E, Lansing. Drained by a branch of Graml r. Surliice level, and snil finely adapted to grain. Pop. 673. Le SouitnsviLLE, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: S9 m. ^V. S. W. Columbus. Lesskr Cross Eoads, p. o., Somerset co., 2C. Jer. : Sim. N. Trenton. Lessley, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : on Beaver creek of the Osage, 63 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Lester's District, p. o., Burko co., Ga. : &4 m. E. by S. Milledgeville. Lestehville, p. o., Reynolds co., Mo. : on the E. side of Big Black Water r., !)S m. S. E. Jefferson City. Letaet Falls, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 92 m. S. E. Columbus. Letcher county, Kij. Situate S. E., and contains 805 sq. m. It has the Cumberland Mountains on the S. E., and gives rise to the Kentucky r., by small head streams of which it is drained — Boone's, Carr's, King's, and Line Fork creeks. Surface broken, with tine mill-streams in parts, and many rich bottoms. Soil generally very fertile; com and oat5 grow finely, and the i)aatures are excellent, feeding many cattle, horses, and sheep. Pork is the principal exj)ort. Farms 843; manuf. 0; dwell. 416, and |>op.' — wh. 2,440, fr. col. 10, si. 62— total 2,.'>12. Capital: Whitesburg. Letoueii, p. o., Harlan co., Ki/. : lOT m. S. E. Frankfort. Letciierville, p. v., Greene co., III. : 4S m. W. S. W. Springfield. LETiMUHRvuiE, p. V., Marion county, Ohio : 49 m. N. Columbus. Lettf-u a No. 2, t. and p. o., Oxford county, 3ffi. : 61 m. TV. by N. Augusta. Surface elevated, and mostly coTered ■witJi heavy timber. It is little cultivated. Pop. 108. Letter B, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 66 m. "W. N. W. Augusta. Lake Umbagog occupies the N., and its affluents afford abundant milt privileges. Soil fertile; lumbering is the chief business. Pop. 1T4. Lev ANNA, p. v., Cayuga co., 2\^. Y. ; on the E. side of Cayuga Lake. 156 m.W. by N. Albany. It has a steamboat landing, and contains a flouring mill, several warehouses, and 400 inhabit:inta. Lbvanna, v.. Brown co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the Ohio r.. opposite Dover, 92 m. S. S.W. Cohimbus. Pop. 174. Levant, t. and p. v., Penobscot eo., M^^.: 59 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Kendnskeag r., -which crosses the E. part, and its branches. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. The V. is* on the r., which turns several mills. Population of 1 1,&42. Levant, p. v., Chautauque co.,^. Y, : on Couewango cr., 2ST m. W. by S. Albany. Levthe, p. 0., Montgomery county, JTy. : 62 ra. E. by S. Frankfort. Level, p. o., Richland dist, JS. Car. : on Rice cr., 12 m. N. by E. Columbia. Level, p. o., "Warren county, Ohio: 74 miles W. S. W. Columbus. Level Green, p. o., Giles county, Virff. : 164 m. "W. Richmond. Levkntvorth, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., I)td. : on the Ohio. 107 m. S. Indianapolis. It has a fine landing, and an extensive trade with the interior. In the^ vicinity is the coal region, and ship timber is abundant. It contains u court- house, several stores, and 000 inhabitants. LEVERErr,!. and p. v., Franklin co.,JlA7,w.;74ra.'W. by N. Er.slon. Drained by aflluenta of the Connecticut, which furnish power for small mills. Surface uneven, with large fertile meadows, and superior pasture land. Farming and grazing form its great inturests. but timber is plenty, and much maple sugar is made. Wooden-ware, leather, and 874 woolens are manufactured. The Amherst and Belcher- town E. R. passes through it. Pop. 94S. Levering, p. o., Ivnox eo.. Oh. : 43 m. N. by E. Columbus. Levebingtun, p. 0., Philadelphia county, Pen». ; 92 m. E. by S, Ilarrisbiu-g. Levi, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 78 m. S. S. E. Columbus, Levy county, /'/or. Situate on the neck of the peninsu- la, W. side, and contains 7TS sq. m. Bounded N. "W. by Suwanee r., and S. by Withlacoochee r., between wliicb Wakasse, Wakasassa, and Ten Mile creeks empty into Wa- kasassa Bay. Surface low and level, and covered exten- sively with swamps abounding in heavy timber, with occa- sional dry elevations. Soil, when tillable, verj- rich, pro- ducing abundantly com, cotton, and serai-tropical fruits and melons. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 64; and pop. — wh. 320, St. col. 0, si. 145— total 465. Capital : Wakasassa. Lewes, p. v., Sussex eo., Del. : 33 m. S. 8. E. Dover. It contains an academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. Lewis and llEuonoTH, bund., Sussex ca, Del. : at the mouth of Delaware Bay, with the Atlantic on the E. and Rehoboth Bay on the S. Has a level surface, sandy soil, and an area of 35,030 acres. The Delaware Breakwater is on ila N. coast. Pop. 2,015. Lews county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 316 sq. m. Bounded N. by the Ohio, and drained by ita affluents, Salt Lick and Kinnieonink creeks, and North Lick, a branch of Licking r. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Com and wheat arc staple cereals. It has good pastures, and raises consiilcrablo pork for export, lln the N. copperas, lime- stone, and fine clay for fire-brick and stoneware are found. Farther S. are the >Esculapian Springs, a celebrated water- ing-place, and salt-springs are found. Farms 651 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,223, and pop.— wh. 6,869, fr. col. 11, si. 322— total 7,202. Capital: Clarksburg. Publdo Works: Cot- ington and Ohio I*. E. Lewis county, M". Situate N. E., and contains 519 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by "Wyacondar., and N., Middle and S. Fabius rivers, and Taylor's fork. Surface rolling or slightly uneven. Soil highly productive, affording excellent grass and grain lands ; raising lai^e crops of com and wheat, and good tobacco, and feeding numer- ous cattle and sheep. It has fine mill streams, abund.iace of timber, and growing manufactures. The forests furnish mast for great numbers of swine, and pork is a largo article of export Bituminous coal, salt springs, and lead, exist abundantly in parts. Farms 44S; manuf. 15; dwell. 905, and pop.— wh. 5,364, fr. col. 8, si. 1,206— total 6,5TS. Cap- iUd: Monticello. LEw^8 county, K.' Y. Situate N., a little E. of Lake On- tario, and contains 1,122 sq. ra. Drained by Black r. and its tributaries. Beaver r., Indopendenee r., Otter cr., and Mooso river, all E., and several minor ones W. ; S. W. by Salmon river of Lake Ontario, and Fish cr. of Lake Oneida, and N. by Indian r. and W. fork of Oswegatehie r., flowing into the St, Lawrence. Surface in the E. hilly, rising from Black river toward the moiintains E. of it; W. rolling, with fre- quent lulls, and an inclination to the W. and S. ; on Black r. are broad alluvial flats. Soil various ; the bottoms are very fertile; the rest a gravelly, s.andy, or clayey loam, produces well under good cultivation, and is especially fitted for past- ure. The E. has largo forests of pine, spruce, hemlock, beech, maple, and ash. Froni the maple much sugar is made. Farming and gr.izing are the chief pursuits. Pota- to S2 m. S. S. W. Jackson. It contains a court- iKiuse and jail, and 200 inhabitants. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Mo. : about 8 m. N. of the Missouri, 1:M m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a con- venient landing on the Missouri, and carries on an extensive trade with the back region. It contains a court-house and jail, 3 academies, several large stores, and SOO inhal)ilanls. Liberty, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., A'. 1'; 7S m. S. W. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly, giving rise U^ Collikoon and Mongaup creeks of the Delaware, on wbieli are nu- merous saw-inilis; soil gravelly loam. Lumber is a large export. Pop. 2,612. Liberty, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 71 ra. W. by 3. Columbus. Liberty, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penri. : 92 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by branches of Pine and Lycoming creeks, which turn many saw-mills. Surface rough, and grazing is tlie chief business. Iron and coal are found. Liberty, p. v., De Kalb county, Tmn.: on a branch of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 44 m. E. by S. NasliviUe. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Bedford co. V/rff. : on a branch of Otter r.. 112 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court- house and jail, several stores and small manufactories, and SOO inhabitants. It is on the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., 25 m. from Lynchburg. Liberty, sta., Alleghany co., P^nn. : on W. division of Pennsylvania R. R., 5 ra. from Pittsburg. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., 7kr..* on the left bank of Trinity r, about 30 m. from its mouth, 174 m. E. by S. Austin City. It has a good landing, and steam- boatH touch here on their way from the interior to Galveston, which is 70 m. S. of it. The vicinity produces fine cotton. The v. contains a oourt-house and 200 inhal'iuants. Liberty, p. o., Racine co., TTwe. ; 74 m. E. S. E. Madison. Liberty, p. c, Washita co., Ark. : 91 m. S. by W, Uttle Rock. Liberty Corner, p. o., Somerset co., AT J. : about 1 m. from Dead River, a branch of the Passaic, 30 m. N. by E, Trenton. Liberty Corners, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 63 m. N. Columbus. Liberty Falls, p. v., Sullivan co., K T. : 81 m. S. W. Albany. Liberty Hall, p. c, Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W, 8. W. Columbus. Liberty Hall, p. o., Newberry dist, .SI Oar. : 46 m. N, "V^. Columbia. Liberty Hall, p. o., Washington CO., Tirg.: 246 m, W. S. W. Richmond. Liberty Hill, p. o., Dallas county, AUi.: 61 m. W, Montgomery. Liberty Hill, p. v., New London co., Conn.: In the It part of Lebanon, 32 m. E. by S. Hartford. Liberty Hill, p. o., Pike co., Ga.: 56 m. TV, by 33^ Milledgeville. Liberty Hill, p. o., Iredell co., IT.Car. : near Booth Tad- kin r.. HV> m. W. Raleigh. Liberty Hill, p. o., Kershaw dIst.,S (7ar..-33 m.N.byEi Columbia. enr LIB LIG Liberty Hill, p. o., La Fayette co., MUa. ; 135 m. N. N. E. Jaqjison. LiitEUTY Mi'li„^, p. v., Wabash CO., TntJ. : on Eel r, S3 m. N. by H. Indianapolis. LiBEETT Mills, p. o., Orange co., Virff. : 51 m. N. W. Eichmond. Liberty Square, p. o., Lancaster co., Pejin.: E. S. E. Harrisljurg. LiBEKTY Town, p. v., Frcdorick CO., Md. : 2 m. N. of Linganore er., 25 m. N. "W. Annapolis. LiBERTYviLLE, p. V., Lake CO., lU. : on the W. side of Des Plaincs r., 194 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. I'op. 75G. LiBEHTYviLLE, p. V., Jcffcrson CO., la. ; 63 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. LlBERTYYiLLE, p. V., Susscx CO., N". Jer. ; about ,S in E. of Blue Mountain, 54 m. N. Trenton. LiBEETVviLLE, p. V., Ulstcr CO., ..V. Y. .* ou tlic Wall Kill r., 65 m. S. by W. Albany. It contains a hotel and several mills. Library, p. o., Alleghany co., Pemi. ; lOS m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Lick Bka>-ch, p. 0., Parke county, Ind.: 54 m. W. Indianapolis. Lick Creek, p. v., Sangamon co.. 77/. ; on a branch of Sugar cr. so called, 11 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Lick Creek, p. o.. Rails co., Mo. : on a branch of Salt r. 80 called, Gl m. N. by E. Jefferson Cily. Lick Creek, p. v.. Van Buren co.. In. ; near the branch of Des Moines r. so called, 59 m. 3. S. W. Iowa City. Lick Creek, p. o., Hickman co., Teim. : on a branch of Duck r. so called, 32 m. S. W. N.ishville. LicKB, p. o., Fannin co., Tm. : 269 m. N. N. E. Austin Cily. Lick Fork, p. o., Daviess oouflty. Mo. : on« branch of Grand r., 1.3C m. N. W. Jefferson Cily. LicKi.NG county, Ohw. Situate centrally, and conlaina G3S sq. m. Drained by l..ieking r. and its branches, Ilocky fork, North fork, Itaccoon cr., and South fork, which furnish abundance of excellent water-power. Surface elevated and rolling, or nearly level ; soil highly productive, aiid under thorough cultivalion. It is an excellent fanning, and superior grazing co. Wheat and corn are raised in great quantities. Huckwlieat grows easily, and tobacco is a profitable crop, and receiving increased attention. The dairies are very fine, and cattle and sheep are kept in large numbers. Live stock, beef, and especially wool and pork, are leading exports. Most of its water-power is occupied by extensive and various manufactories, in which a large capital is invested. Iron-ware is made,and iron ore is abundant. Farms 8,313; manuf.332 ; dwell. 6,6:i9, and pop wli. 38.731, tr. col. 115— total 8S,S46. Capital: Newark. PuUic WorkJi : Ohio Canal ; Ohio Central R. E. ; Columbus and Lake Erie K. R. Licking, p. o., Texas co., Mo. : 122 m. S. by E. Joflcrson City. Licking river, Xy. : a tributary of the Ohio. It rises in Floyd CO., and has a course of about 100 m., reaching its confluence at Newport, opposite Cincinnati. It ia navigable for TO miles. Licking river, Ohio: a large W. branch of the Mus- kingum, formed by the union of three principal branches at Newark. II furnishes extensive water-power, particularly by a dam at its mouth. LicKviLLE, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 7S miles N. W. by W. Columbia. LIGUT-HOUSES OF THE UNITED STATES. (Names in Italics are " Floating Lights.") Geographical Position- Astroaom. Position. Latitude. Long'ude d. m. s. d. m. s. Character «* s of I £ J Liglil «" feet. Portland Mail Seguin *' Whitehead " Franklin Island " Wood Island " West Quoddy Head " Petit Manan " Pond Island " Burntisland " Libby Island " Monhegan " Owl-sHead " Moose Peak .- " Matinieus Rock " Pemaquid Point " Baker's Island *' Cape Elizabeth " Dice's Head " Hendrick's Head " Mount Desert Rock " Brown's Head " ■ Marshall's Point " Goat Island " ■Negro Island " FortPoinl. " - Boon Island " Eagle Island Point " • Naehe's Island " Bear Island " Baddleback Ledge " Little River " Prospect Harbor " Grinders I'liint « 878 Porllanil Head, off P. Harbor, S. side 43 On S. i.si.'ind, off mouth of Kennebec River 43 On W. Island, S. W. of W. entrance to Penob. Bay 4-3 On N. ennlranre to Camden Hiirhor Porlsmoulli i(.rNeweasllc) NMump. &. W. side of inner entrance to Porlsmouth Ihirl.or 43 03 i30 Astr-.iiiii^. I"(i*iti.i d. Tu. a i Tn White Island (red unilwhitf) " ■Whale's Baek (2 lights) •' Boston J/'K«. Thatcher's Island (i liglils).. " Baker's Island (-2 lii;hls) " Plnmhlslnnil c2 li?hts) " Cape Cod (llishlands) " Plymonlh ('J lights) " ■Wigwam Point " Sciluate (2 lialils) " Kace Point " Lon;i Island Head " Ten Potind Island " Billinssaaie Island...* " Eand.vNeck '" L<..ng Point " Gloucester Point " SlraiLnmouth Haven " Marble Head " Ipswich (flights) " Gay Head " Clark'sPoint " Culterlinnk Island " Nanlnckct " Nantneket P.eacon " Nantucket Harbor Light " Cape Potre " Ch.alham ('2 lights) " Point Gammon " Hohncs's Ilitle " Tarpaulin Cove " Bird Island " Monomoy Point " Nobsqne Point " Dumplintr liock " Edpartown " Ncd'sPoint " Nauset Beach (3 beacons) ... " Mayo's Beach (Wellfleetl.... " Nantucket Cliff (2 beacons) . . " SankatyHead " Hyannis " ■WiuK'sNcck " P.almer's Island " Minofs Eoclc " Parniet Harbor (2 lights) " JSmnrhjmn,' Shoe! (129 tons) " TitckfnmH- Sfioul " Ttnfjayf Sound " Powiri'.i nip " Newport Ji. M. ■Watch Hill " Point -Tudilh " Go.al Islan.l " Dutch Island " ■Wanvick Neck " Nayat Point " Block Island (2 UkIiIs) " Poplar Point " Juniper Island V-nn. New London Conn, Faulkner's Island " Lynde Point " Slonin!Zfon " Mori;an'»Point " Five Mile Point " BU-alford Point " On 'W. [.si., the S. W. island of the Isles of Shoals N. and E. side of outer ent^ to Porlmoulh Harbor. Cljaracler ". 5 ef \li 41 16 5« 41 8S 00 42 16 0? T(l 43 01) Fixed 90 42 5S 0(1 ro 37 30 Itevofg ST iS 03 00 7u 41 00 Fixed 53 N. side main outer entrance to Boston Harbor 42 19 41 To 68 *! Kevol'g 90 On T. island, about 2 m. off Cape Ann 42 S3 21 TO 34 4S Fixed 90 On B. island, S. side of N. E. ent. to Salem Harbor 42 32 12 TO 4T 2s Fixed Sli On P. island. S. side of entrance to Newbnryport. . 42 45 29 TO 49 05 Fixed 54 Outside of Capo Cod— Truro 42 02 2;J TO 03 5.-) Fixed 180 On Gurnet Point, N. side of ent. to Plymouth Ilarb. 42 00 12 70 36 21 Fixed 90 On. Vf. Point, E. side entrance to S.ptam Harl)or. . 42 -39 43 To 41 12 Fixed 50 On Celiac Point, N. side of ent. to S<'itnate Harbor 43 12 IT 70 m l.i Fixed 40 On P,. Point. N. W. point of Cape Cod 42 03 41 70 16 53 On N. end of Lon|:rI.,andS. side inner ship entrance 42 19 4S TO 5T 41 On Ten P. Isl., in Cape Anne or Gloucester Harbor 42 35 10 TO 40 00 (In B. Island, "W. side entrance to Wellfleet 41 61 3s TO 04 S2 W. side of entrance to Barnstable Harbor 41 43 21 TO IT 09 OnL. P.Sh'l.ins. C.Cod.&'SV'. sideofenl. toP.IIar. 42 01 50 70 10 60 On G. Point. E. side of entrance to G. Harbor 42 -34 49 70 40 10 On 8. Isian.l, N. aide of Cape Ann 43 39 41 70 35 3(5 E. entrance of M. Harbor, S. E. sirr 41 23 57 TO 36 27 ■W. side Tarpaidin Cove, Vineyard Sound 41 28 07 70 46 45 OnB. Isl.,inBuz. Bay.E.sideofent.toSippic'nllar. 41 45 09 70 43 21 On Sandy Point, S. extremity of Cape Cod 41 S3 35 69 59 66 On N. point of Vineyard Sound 41 80 57 TO 39 87 Buz. Bay,S.S."(V.,N.Bedford,&ofClnrk'sPt. Light 41 32 17 70 ,55 36 At entrance to E. Ilarlior, Martiia's Vineyard 41 23 27 70 80 29 Near Mattapois.sett, E. New Bedford 41 41 01 76 02 00 E. side Cape Cod 41 51 40 69 5T 21 Hartar Light, inside C. Cod, head of 'We\16eet Bay 42 65 00 70 02 Oo In Nantucket Ilarlior— 2 harbor beacons On S. hea.I, S. E. end of Nant. Isl. (flashes li & 3 m.) At entrance 11. Harbor, Barnstable eo On Wing's Neck, Sandwich, in Buzzarii's Bay On N. E. end of P. Island, in New Bedford Harbor On Coha.sset P.ocks. 9 m. S. E. i E. Boston On N. side of P. Harbor. S. end of Tower of Truro . (Two lamps, 12 cylindrie wleks each) On Cross Eip. N.W. of Nantucket (1 lamp & S wicks) Near " Sow and Pigs" Pocks (2 lamps, 9 wicks ca.) . Off Clialbam (1 lamp and 9 wieks) On Beaver Tail. S. point of Canonicut Island On W. Point. S. E. of Stonington.about2 m On S E. point of Narragansett Shore On N. end of Goat Island, Newport Harbor On S. end of Dutch Island On S. end of Warwick Neck (bay light) On N. Point, Provi.lcnee River (l>ay light) On N. end . .f Block Island Wiekford, North Kingston (l>ay light) On .J. Isl.. L. Champlain, S. side ent. to Burlington W. side of entrance to Eiver Thames On Fatilkncr's Island, offGuillord Harbor Mouth of the Connecticut River, W. side On point E. side entrance to Stonington Harbor. On N. side of Fisher's Island Sound, near Mystic Entrance to New Haven Harbor, E. siilc At entrance of Stratford Harbor Ul 09 03 .73 06 461 Eevol'g 879 69 53 16 70 IS 01 ;0 45 Fixed Fixed lievol'g Fixed lievol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Kevoi'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed F. & P.. Kcvol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed P.evol's Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g F. A P. 41 26 80 41 IS 09 41 21 85 41 SO 00 41 29 SO 41 34 00 41 44 00 41 18 24 41 35 00 44 27 00 [73 13 00 41 18 65;73 05 56 41 12 SSJ72 39 46 41 16 1372 20 41 19 3471 54 62 41 IS 54 71 ,59 ,54 !41 14 52 72 .54 47 71 24 24 71 62 eS 71 59 25 Tl 19 ,50 Tl 26 00 Tl 29 00 71 22 00 71 Si 04 71 26 40 80 45 40 40 85 5T 40 40 40 172 53 4Si TO 40 55 70 TO 60 80 81 3-3 80 43 50 Fixed BevoPg Pevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed 45 83 50 40 98 78 74 43 56 3S 63 95 111 93 T4 LIGHT-HOUSES. Geu^raphital Position. Fairweather Island Conn, Norwalk Island " Grt'at Captain's Island " * Korili Dumi»lia " BiivUtWti Iicef{lA5 tons) .„. " Eel Grcm Sltoal (41 tons) ... " Eaton's Neck K Y. Execution Rocks " Sand's point -. " Old Fiuld I'oint " Fire Island Inlet " Throgg's Neck " Stony Point " Fort Tomiikins " Coxsackie " Four Mile Point " Saugerties " Stay vesant " Eondout Creek " Montauk " Little Gull Island " Plumb Island " Buffalo (on pier) " Portland Harbor " Dunkirk " Galloo Island " Oswego Beacon " Cattaraugus Beacon " Dunkirk IJeacon " Genesee (temp, beacon) " Bodus Bay and Beacon " Tibbetfs Point " Horse Island " Niagara Fort " Stony Point " Ogdensbur)3^ " Prince's Bay *' Esopus Meadows " Eobbin's IN-ef " Cedar Island " Silver Creek " Salmon Kiver " Eock Island Beacon " Sunken Eock Beacon " Conovcr Island Beacon " Cumberland Head " SplitRock " Stratford Point (100 tons) . . " San/iy Hook ('2?0 tons) " Sandy Hook (light and 2 IVns).V: Jer. HighlMs of NeVsink (2 lights) " Bamegat Shoals " Cape May " Egg Island (gas) " Cohanzey Creek (gas) " Tucker's Beach (red shades) " Bergen Point " Maurice River " Passaic River " Presque Island Pen/n. " '* Beacon " Fort Mifflin " Bramtywine Shoal " Cape Henlopen Del. Cape Henlopen Beacon " Bombay Hook " Mahon'sDlVh « MispiUion Creek " Cliristiana River (gas) ** 660 Entrance to Black Rock Harbor, Fairfield 41 OS 27 At entrance of Nonvalk River 41 03 50 On G. C. Island, near Greenwich PL. Fairfield eo. 40 5S 6; On NorlhDurnplin Island, in Fisher's Island Sound Off New London (I lamp, 9 wicks) On Eel Gra&s Shoal (1 lamp, 12 wicks) OnE. sideof Hunlington Bay, Long Island 40 57 09 OfFSami's Point, L.uig Islam! Soun^i On Sand's Point, E. entrance to Cow Bay ]40 51 52 On O. F. Point, N. side L. Isl., opposite Stral. Light AO 53 33 Antronom. Posiiion, Lalimde. Long'ude, d. m. B d. m. e. On E. side of F. Island Inlet, S. side of Long Island On S. E. point of Thrt^gg's Neck, E. of Hell Gate On "W". side of Hudson River, below West Point. . . On Staten Island, W. sido of Narrows On the W. side of Hudson River, near Coxsackie. . At F. M. Point. 4 m. from Hudson, W. side of river At mouth of Saugerties Creek , Near Stuyvesant, on E. side of Hudson River, Oj^os. mouth of R. Cr. and ent. Del. & Hud. Canal E. end of Long Island On L. G. I., near N. E. end of L. I. S., S. side of m. enl. Near N. E. end of L. I. S'd, and N. of Gardiner's Bay At junction of Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie At Portland, S. E. shore of Lake Erie At Dunkirk, S. E. shore of Lake Erie On W. point of G. Island, E. part of Lake Ontario On end of "W. pier, at entrance of O. Harbor On pier, Cattaraugus Creek, Lake Erie Dunkirk Harbor, Lake Erie Entrance to port of Genesee, Lake Ontario , W. side entrance to Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario S. E. side of S. entrance to St. Lawrence River . . , On W. end of II. Isl., and W. of Saekett's Harbor Xt junction of Niagara R. and Lake Erie, E. side On Stony Point, E. end of Lake Ontario , On St. Lawrence River, mouth of Oswegatchie K., On Staten Island, near S. E. end , Opposite Esopus, W. side of Hudson Rirer , Off the N. end of Slalen Isl., S. W. part of N. Y. Bay Near N. end of Long Island, in Sag Harbor Entrance to Silver Creek Harbor, on Lake Erie . . . N. side of entrance to Port Ontario On R. I., one of the Thousand Isles, St. Lawr'nce R. On S. E., or Rush I. (1,000 isles) SL Lawrence K.. . On C. I (Thousand Isles), St. Lawrence River Near Piattsbqrg, on Lake Champlain Near Essex, on Lake Champlain Off St. Pt., on middle ground, L. I. Sound (2 lights). m. outside S. Hook, in 15 fathom water (2 lights). S. of ent to N. Y. liar, (main liglit and 2 beacons) On H. of N. to S. of Sandy Hook lights S. side of B. Inlet and N. end of Long Beach S. W. point of C. M. and N. of entrance to Del. Bay Del. Bay, N. side, nearly N. N. "\V. of Cape May. . ■\V. side Cohangy Creek and N. side Delaware Bay Near Medway, between Old and New Inlets On a block at the end of a reef of rocks of B. point On the bank of M. R. Cove and S.W. side Ilays'k I, Near head of Newark Bay At entrance of Presque Island Bay, Lake Erie. . . . On pier in Delaware River, opposite Fort Mifflin . . On Brandy wine Shoal in Delaware Bay On Cape Henlopen, S. side of entrance to Del. B. . About three-fourths of a mile from main light N. "W. end of Bombay Hook Isle, in Delaware Bay On Mahon's Ditch, S. side Delaware Bay At mouth of M. Creek, in Delaware Bay, S. side. . At mouth of Christiana Etver, N. side 40 37 4G 40 48 15 40 37 i 41 04 10 41 13 IS 41 10 21 42 50 00 42 32 41 4:3 51 00 43 28 00 43 12 30 4:i 19 00 44 09 00 43 IS 20 44 45 00 40 80 22 40 39 21 41 02 IS 73 13 81 73 25 43 73 37 59 73 24 IS 73 44 21 07 41 73 18 38 ■3 43 01 74 03 5p 71 51 53 72 06 5' 72 13 14 73 59 00 Cliaracter Lijlil. 75 80 00 74 13 24 74 04 30 72 16 06 44 42 00 44 12 00 40 27 89 40 23 40 39 45 54 3SS5 45 39 10 2S 39 20 15 39 30 17 42 OS 14 73 20 00 73 18 00 74 nu 42 73 59 42 74 06 56 74 5S 33 5 08 56 75 22 12 74 17 31 33 46 35; 75 05 3i Si 47 2i;75 05 44 39 21 43 75 81 18 39 in 13 75 24 3S 88 56 84'7S 19 24| 39 4S 12;T5 81 SOI Fixed Revorg Fixed Fixed Filed itevol'g Fixed Fixed Revol'g F'ixcd Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed F'ixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Kevol'g Fixed" Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed K. & F. Fixed Fixed Fixed lievofg Fixed F'ixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed R. & F. Fixed nevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixpd Eixed 'Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fij^d Fixed Fixed 71 40 62 184 54 67i S9i 160 60 63 471 SO 59 S2 25 S3 66 62 45 110 CO 90 243 180 46 LIGHT-HOUSES. Eeedy Island (gas) I>el. Breakwater (red) " Fit^e FtitlMin /Jot* (195 tons) " Vl^per Middk Slimt (131 Ions) " Bodkin Isl:md Md. Norlh Poiut, No. 1 " 1 " , •' "2 " I Thomas' Point " Pool's I,sl;md " Smitli's Ishmd " Cuueord I'uint " CovePoinl " Point Lookout •* Lazaretttt Puinl " Clay Island " Turkey Point " Piney Point " Sharp's Island " Greenbury Point ** Hooper^ iS hauls (T2i tons). . . " Cape Henry Vira. Old Point Comfort " Smith's Point ** New Point Comfort " Smith's Island " Back P.iver Point " Assateaque Island " Little Watt's Island " SmiWs Point (I'iO tons) " Oraney TsUiml (70 tons) " WiUovghby's Spit (400 tons) " 7ru//^r«;)5/io»& (180 tons).. " mmlmmPoint{\'i5Xons)... " SincWs Rock (M tons) " rppfr Cedar Point IJ2 tons) " Loirer Cedar Point (72 tons) " Bakl Head K Car. Federal Point " Cape Hatteras " Pamptico Point " Body's Island " Ocracoke " Capo Lookout *' Oak Island (2 beacons) " Orion's Point " Price's Creek (2 beacons) " Canii)beirs Island " Zo"ff 5/(('(f? (145 tons) " S. W. pt. of n.Siioal (140 tons) " iTi n.! Ftet. Shoal (70 tons) ... " Mouth of Xfuse R. (125 tons) " Bra ntMand Slioal (1 25 Ions) " JParhor hhind (72 tons) " Wade's Point Shoal (76 tons) " Iiotmol.vi Inland (J'2 Ions)... " Month Roaniihi li. (130 tons) " Horse Shoe (72 tons) " Charleston (and beacon) S. Car. Eaccoon Key " Norlh Island " Morris' I. (2 beacon lights) . . " Sullivan's I. Beacon, No. 1 . . " " " Beacon, No. 2.. " St. neletia Bur (72 tons) .... " Tybee Ga. Tj-bceBeacon " Fig Island Beacon " St. Simon's Island " Bapelo Island " Geograiiliical Position. On Ecedy Island, entrance of Delaware Kiver On Delaware Breakwater On Sandbank off Cape Jlay (2 lights) N. W. of Brandy wine Shoal, near middle of Del. B. On B. Island, S. side ot entrancft to Patapsco Kiver On N. side of ent to Fat. E. and Port of Baltimore S. of entrance to Annapobs In Chesapeake Bay, N. E. of North Point,. In Chesapeake Bay, opposite entrance to Potomac At entrance of Susquehanna River N. side of entrance to Patuxent Kiver.. N. side of entrance to Potomac Kiver . . N. side of entrance to Baltimore Uarbor N. extremity of Tangier S'nd, mo'tb of Nimticoke E. At entrance of Elk Kiver, V,'. side On Potomac Kiver, E. side, 14 m. from its mouth Off the entrance of Choptank Kiver N. side of entrance to Annapolis H.arbor In Chesapeake Bay, E. side and S. of Hooper's IsL S. side of entrance to Chesapeake Bay . . N. side of entrance to Hampton Eoads. . Near the month of Potomac Kiver, S. sidi 13 m. N. of 0. P. C. and W. side Chesapeake Bay N. E. of 0. Charles and of N. ent. to Chesapeake B, About S m. N. E. O. P. C. and S. side of ent. to B. E. On an isl. between C. Hen. and C. Char, on tlie ocean On L. W's I., E. side of C. B., N. E. of S. cut. T. S. S. E. of S. P. in Ches'ko B. and of m'th of Potomac Near C. I., "W. side of ent. to Eliz. E. and Norfolk S. side of entriince to Hampton Eoads Between mouths of York and Eappahannock Eivers Off W. P., N. side of entrance to Eappahannock K. Near said rock in Eappahannock Eiv t.)fr said Pt., b. the Narrows, and 44 m. b. Mt. Vernon Between said P. and Yate's P. above Kettle Bottom Near mouth of C. Fear Kiver, E. side On Federal Point, N. side of inlet to C. Fear River. On C. Hatteras, about 1 m. N. of high-water mark. S. side of entrance to Pamptico Eiver On said Island, 1} m. S. of a new inlet made in 1S47 W. of C. Hatteras, and E. side of Ocracoke Inlet. Near tlie end of the Cape Liglita range with cban. on entering Cape Fear E. On W. bank of Cape Fear River On "W. bank of C. Fear K., mouth of Price's Creek On C. I., m C. Fear R., 8. W. cor. of its lower end On E. point of Shoal, in Pamlico Sound On pt. of Shoal, Pamlico S'd. W., 9 m. from Ocracoke 4 m. N. by "ft*, of Ocracoke, & N. E. side of Eoyal S. Near ent, of K. into Pamlico Sound, off Marsh Pt. On point of Shoal in S. part of Pamlico Sound On II. Isl. Ear, between Pamlico and Cove Sounds S. side of Pasquotank Eiver, on Albemarle Sound Near E. I., between Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds Near its entrance into Albemarle Sound On H. S., bet'n N. in. and Price's Cr. in C. Fear E.. On Lighthouse IsL, and "W. of ship chan. to harbor On C. Eomain, 10 m. S. W. of ent. to Santee Eiver On S. end of N. Isl., E. side of enL to Peedee Eiv On M. Isl., for the overall channel to Charleston. Back of S. IsL, S. of F. Moultrie. Off the entrance to St. Helena Sound, etc N. E. end of T. I., and S. side of ent. to Savannah E. i m. E. light-house On E. end of F. I., in Savannah Kiver (red shades) On S. end of SL S. Isl., and N. siile ent. to tlic Sound On S. end of S. Isl., and N. enu to Doboy Sound. . (t. m. 9. Ctiaracter of 57 75 34 44 50175 07 03 [■ to guide over Charleston Bar ■ : 87 42 7G 25 60 76 27 17 76 26 64 76 27 84 76 16 21 76 14 39 76 05 4 76 23 17 76 19 43 76 34 33 75 53 60 76 00 64 76 22 36 70 04 00 76 23 12 76 22 00 76 21 00 75 5-3 00 76 21 0() 75 21 4.'i 70 04 OO 69 30 77 55 00 '5 80 00 ■5 31 39 75 5S 00 74 33 00 ■9 54 12 79 24 no 79 01 80 9 53 00 79 52 65 80 62 00 00 81 36 00 80181 24 00 Fixed Fixed Fixed P'i.xed I s Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Kevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Revol'g Fixed Fixed FLxed Fixed FLxcd 1 Ip. 9 w. llp.llw. 1 Ip.9w. 1 Ip. 9 w. 1 Ip. 9 w. 1 Ip. 9 w, 1 Ip. 9 w. 1 lp.l2w. 1 Ip.O w. 1 lp.l2w. Kevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed I Fixed 1 lp.l2w. Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Kevol'g SSI 125} 87} 89 40 100 66 MGHT-HOUSES. Geographical PuRiUon, Wolf's Island Beacon, No. 1. 6a. « « Beacon, No. 2. " ! Litlle Cumberland Island .... " Oyster Beds Deacon " Coekspur Island Beacon.... '* Ti/hee Ghanml (125 tons). ... *' Tyhee J. KiwU (72 tons) " St. Augustine Flor. St. John's Kiver » Cape Caiiiiveral " Cape Florida " Dry Torlugas " Sand Key " Key West " Cape St. George " St, Mark's " Peusacola " Amelia Island " Cape St, Bias " Dog Island " Egmoiit Key " Carysfort Jleef (226 tons) .... « Sey }Vest (145 tons) " Sand Key (140 tons) " Mobile Point, Ala. Choctaw Point " Sandlsland " Cat Island MiiS. Pass Christian '• Eound Island " Biioxi « Bayou St. John La, Frank's Islund •' Soulh-Wcst Pass (2 lights). . . " South Point (Gordon's Island) " Pleasanton's Island ... •* Tcbefuncia River " Point do For " Port Ponteharirain " Pass Mancbac (red) " New Canal " Vermillion Bay " Bon Fnuca " Chaiuk'lf ur Island " Proctorsville Beacon " MerriWa Sh^UBank (400 tns.) " Ship SKPlemonton (160 tns.) « Atckafalaya Bay (72 tons). . " Grand Kiver. Ohio. Grand River Beacon " Cleveland " Cleveland Braeon " Vermillion River Beacon.. .. " Turtle Island " Sandusky " PortClinton " Conm-aut River Beacon " Mouth Huron River Beacon. " Mouth Black River " Ashtal'Uia Beacon " Cedar Puiiit Beacon " Western Sister Island « Fort Gratiot Mieh. "Windmill Point " Monroe ft Eols Blanc " fiL Joseph's River. " db2 E. side, near N. end W. Isl., ( brick ) Rnd S. S. E. of Sapelo Light ) wood f S. sideofent. to St. Andrew's Sound and SantUlaR. On Oyster Beds in Savannah River On a knoll con»iect**d with C. Isl., in Savannah R. At Martin's Industry 15 m. E. Tybee Light Off the knoll N. of T. Island, in Savannah River. . On N. end of AnastJitla I., and S. side of enl.lo St A. Near mouth of St. Jtihn's River, S. side of entrance On Caj)e Canaveral. S. S. E. of St, Augustine Otr S. E. point of Florida o^J on Key Biscayne On Bush I., one of the Westernmost of Florida Reef About St m. S. W. by S. Key West (destroyed 134(;) Key West Island, S. W. of Cape Sable About 2_^ m. E. of W. pass to St. George Sound E. side of t-nlrance to St. Mark's Harbor E. side ent. to P. Bay, N. W. of fort on Si. Rosa Isl. S. side of ent. to St. Mary's River, N. end of island On C. St. Bias, about 2 m. from its S. point On Dog Isl., E. side of middle ent. of Tampa Bay On Egmont Key^ entrance of Tampa Bay About lo E. of Cape Sable (two lamps) Astttmotn. Posilioo. Latitude. Loitg'ude tl. m. s d. m. a. 31 20 00 30 56 00 30 18 42 SO 44 00 30 13 00 30 13 40 80 IS 55 30 20 00 80 03 00 29 OS 30 2S 53 30 2S 59 42 29 19 ! At N. W. pns.sige, near 12 m. from Key West. . . At San'l Key (temporary) E. side of entrance to Mobile Bay On Choetaw Point, a little S. of Mobile About 8 m. S. S. W. from Mobile Point On W. point of C. Isl., E. of ent, to Lake Borgue On niainlan;e l.sl:in.l. Fixed lisrht: 119 feet above hi^h tide. Lai. 45° 14' 03". and lonsr. 66° 35'. St. John Ifarhor. — Beaeon t.iwer. Fixed light : 41 feet above high tide. I^al 45'= 15'. and long. 66= oS' 86". Pnint !.eprmu.—Tv,-i, llxe.l li;;hl.«. 2S feet apart: SI and .IS feet aliove high tide. Lat. 45= ii.S'60". and long. 66= 27' 30". Citnipo BellAi Mand. — Fixe.l li'^ht : 64 feet above high tide. Lat. 44= 5T' 40", and long. 66= 53' 65". St. Andrew's Point — Fixed light: 42 feet above high tide. Lat 45= 04' 13". and long. 67= 0.3' 4s". MacMns Seal Mimds.~S.aA Isl. Two fixed lights, 200 feet apart : -IS fl. ab.jve tide. Lat. 44= 30' 03", long. 67= 06' 10". Gann.et 7?oe/*.— -Kevnlving (20 seconds): 56 feet above high tide. Lat. 44= So' 40", anil long. 66= 5/. JBnjfir IsUtnd.—Wc^i part. Fixed light ; 92 feet above high tiile. Lat. 44= 15' 51", and long. 66= 2.)' 02". Annapolis G-nt.~-Y\\(^i\ light: 76 feet above high tide. Lat. 44= 40' 5o", nnd long. 65= 47' 20". Bnjer Iditiid IJgTit Jieucoii.~^At 9. entrance to Weatport. Two white lights: 40 feet above high tide. Biirrington I.iglit.—On Cape Lat.mr. Kevolv'g light : 50 feet aljove sea level. Lat. 43= 26' 09", and l.mg. 6.5= 2S' 07". And the following lighta are on the outer coast of Nova Scotia : p. M, B. D. M. a. Pictou Harbor Lat. 45 41 SO Long. 01 29 20 Cirn-woGui " 45 4149 " 6129 20 G-uysboro' Harbor " 45 22 00 " 613100 Canseau " 45 20 OO " 60 51 46 Sidney " 46 IG 18 " 60 10 00 Scdtnrie Mand " 46 02 17 " 59 40 00 Louishurg riarhor. " 45 63 00 " 59 50 00 Beaver Milmh " 44 49 00 " 62 6100 Halifax //arbor " 44 Sii 05 " 63 35 40 Samhro/shnul '■ 44 26 17 " 03 ,35 1,993. Capital: Lincolnton. Lincoln comity. Ay. Situate E. centrally, and contains 36S sq. in. Drained N. E. by Dick's r. and its branch, Ilanging Fork, affluenta of the Kentucky, and 3. and W LIN LIN by small affluents of Cvimberlaml r., and beads of .Grt'en r. Surface elevatetl table land ; soil very productive, and well adapted to rcarin<; caltle. Com is the staple cereal ; wheat, rye. and oats yield well. Particular attention is giren to raising cattle, horses, and sheep. Live etuek, wool, and pork are important exports. The streams are small, but furnish many mill-seats. Farms 014; nianuf. 1.17; dwell. 1,14.T), and pop.— wh. 6,Gy5, fr. col. 103, si. 3,3o.j— tuUal 10,093. Capital : Stanford. Lincoln county, Me, Situate S. W., and contains S'24 sq. m. Androsco^igin r. bounds it S. "W. ; in the W. Kennebec r. and farther E. Sheepseott, Damariscotta, Muscongus, and SI- George rivers flow through the co. into the Atlantic, which forms the S. boundary. In the S. are Sheepseott ami Muscongus bays, and E. the mouth of Penobscot Bay, with numerous smaller ones, which, sheltered by innumerable islands that cover almost the whole coast, furnish many ex- cellent liarhors. Surface much varied, and cut up by ponds and large water-com^es ; soil mostly very fertile, and supe- rior grazing land. Corn, barley, oats, wheat, and rje are grown with profit ; but the staple is the potato crop, which is very large, and furnishes a valuable export. Sheep are special objects of care, and the shearings are very large and of superior quality. Water-power is abundant, and the numufaetures of lumber, leather, woolen gooils, ironware, and earthenware are extensive. Large cotton factories have lately been built in the W., and bid fair to become its lead- hig interest. Its rivers are navigable for vessels of all sizes ; the luml>er trade and ship-buildmg are much prosecuted ; and its facilities for commerce are hardly equalled. It has a largo trade with the West Indies, and is extensively concerned in the coast trade and fisheries. Farms 4,9T5; manuf. 526; dwell. 12.176, and pop.— wh. 74,61(j, fr. col. 2o9— total T4,S75. Cripitals : Warren, Wiscasset. and Topsham. Piihlic Wor/cs: Portland and Kennebec E. K., Penobscot and Kennebec i:. K., etc. Lincoln county, J/b. Situate E, on the N. of Missouri r., and contains 577 sq. m. Drained by Au Cuivre r., Ua branches Indian cr. and Eagle Fork, and smaller affluents of the Mis- sissippi, which fr>rins its E. boundary. Surface generally un- even ; soil very fertile, and well adapted to grain and grass. Corn is the staple cereal. Wheat and tobacco are successfully cultivated. Cattle and pork are exported. The streams are of good size, with considerable water-power, and timber is plenty. Farms S49 ; raamif. 10 ; dwell. 1.239, and pop. — wh. 7^S9, fr. col. 5. si. 2,(127— total 9.411. Capital: Troy. Lincoln county, K. Car. Situate W., and contains 2G9 8q. m. Drained by Catawba and Little Catawba rivers and their branche-s. Surface somewhat broken ; soil of good fertility, (^'otton, corn, and wheat are the staples, and largely raised. It has fine pasture, and exporLs live st<5ek and pork. The streams are numerous, and afford much water-i)ower, a large part of which is used in manufacturing flour, leather, oil, and cotton goods. Farms 711 ; manuf. Ijl ; dwell. 1,022. and pop.— wh. 5,061, fr. col. 30, si. 2,050— total 7,746. Cajiital : Lineolnton. Lincoln county, Teiin. Situate centrally on S. line, and contains 3.S2 sq. m. Drained by Elk r. and its branches, afflu- ents of the Tennessee. Surface moderately elevated, and somewhat hilly ; soil highly productive. Corn is the chic/ staple. Cotton and wheat are good crops, and pork is a viry large export. A fine co. for farmingor grazing, with good mill streams and large manufactures of flour, leather, lir its AV. boundary, and is drained by its branches, North and South Fjrks of Santiaui r., \\ith their affluents, Thomas, Crab Trc«, :md Beaver creeks, and Calupooga and M'Keiizie's forks. The setlled parts are betwe('n Cascade mmmtains and t^ic "Willamette, where the surface is but sli^hlly broken, nuA the valleys alluvial bottoms of great bt-auty and fertility. Grains, fruits, and vegetables of most kinds yield abundantly. The water-power is very superior, and timber of the tidiest kind. Farms 136; manuf. 6; dwell. 172, and pop.- wh. 994, fr. col. 0— total 994. CapiUil: New Albany. Linn, p. v., and cap. Osage co.. Mo.: at the head of Loose cr. of the Missouri, IS ni. E. by S. Jefferson City. It consists of a court-house, an academy, and several stores. Linn City, p. v., "Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : on the left bank of the Willamette, fti m. N. E. by N. Salem. It is situate at the extreme bend of the r., opposite to Oregon City, and has a great water-power, which is improved by several saw and flouring mills. Pop. about 135. LiNNEus, t and p. o., Aroostook county, Me.: 164 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. It has several ponds, which give rise to streams flowing into the St. John and Penobscot, An elevated surface, and a dense growth of timber. Tbe soil is fertile. Pop. 561. LiNNEUs, p. v., and cap. Linn co.. Mo. : on a branch of Locust cr., 102 m. N. W. by N. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house and several dwellings. Li:nn Flat, p. o., Nacogdoches Co., Teac. : 216 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Linn Grove, p. v., Adams county, Ind. : on W. side of Wabash r., 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Linnville, p. v.. Licking co., Ohio: &4 ra. E. Columbus. Pop. 188. LiNviLLE Crbek, p. o., Rockiugham co., Virg. : 106 hl N. W. by W. Richmond. LiNNviLLE RivKB, p. o., Burkc CO., 2^. Car. : on a branch of Calawba r. so called, 1S4 m. W. Raleigh. Linton, p. v^ Des Moines co., Ja.: 45 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Linton, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : 72 m. S.W. Indianapolis. LiNwooD, p, o., Cherokee county, Tex.: 184 m. E. K. E. Austin City. Lion's Beakd, p. o., Sevier -co., Ark. : 123 m. W. S. W. Little Rock. LioNviLLE, p. v., Chester <»., Penn.: 64 m. E. by 8. Ilarrisburg. Lisbon, t. and p. v., New I>>ndon county. Conn. : 36 m. E. S. E. Ilarllbrd. It lies chiefly between Shetucket and QuinnebaHg rivtTf", which unite in the S., and with their branches supply fine water-power. Surface uneven ; soil .s.indy cr gravelly loam, and excellent farming land, with extensive meadows on the streams. Farming is the leading pursuit. Cotton and woolen goods are made, and several kinds of " Yankee notions." The Norwich and Worcester R. R. i)asse8 through the E. part along the Quinnebaug. Pop. 937. Lisbon, p. v., Kendall county, lU.: 134 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Li&uoN, t and p. o., Lincoln county, Mf. : 27 m. S. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Little r. and the Androscoggin, which bounds it S., and has fine falls here. 6 m. below Lewiston falls. Soil very fertile, and well cultivated. Cotton and woolen goods are made, and large saw-milU run. A bridge crosses the r. here. Pop. of 1 1,495. Lisbon, p. v., Howard co..Md.: on tlic Baltimore and Frederick turnpike, 13 m. from ElUeotl's Mills, 37 m. N. W Annapolis. LisitoN, t. and p. v., Graflon county, K. Hump. : 68 m, N. by W. Concord. Drained by Amniouoosuc r. Surface varied. In the S. is Blueberrj- Mounlain. .Soil fertde, and divided into alluvial meadows and strong ujilands. It is well timbered, makes maple sugar largely, and abounds in iron ore and limestone. Pop. 1.8V2. LisRos, t., p. o., and sta., St, Lawrence co., N. Y. : on St, Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface un- dul.Tting and heavily timbered with pine, oak, and heraloct. Soil a fertile loam. Lumber and dair)- prudueis lu-e valuable exports. The sta. is 9 m. E. of Ogdensburg, un the Northern (Og\- S. Richmond. Lisbon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., Wi.tc. : 59 m. E Madhnn. Drained by heads of Rock r., affording numerous mill-siks. Soils adaptcil to grass or graiu. A plank-road to Mihvaukk- pas.ses through the S. paru Pop. 1.1)50. Ltshon, p, o., Union co., Ark,: 106 m. 6. by W. Little Ro<'k. LmnoN, p. v., Noble co., Ind.: 119 m, N. N. E. Indiim- apolia. A plank-road from Fort Wayne pas.-^es through iU Lisbon Centre, p. o., SU Lawrence co., A''. Y. : 162 m. N. W. by N. Albany. LisuuRS, p. o., Sampson co., IT. Car. : on Black r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 69 m. S. by E. Euleigh. us LIT Lkbtjkn, p. v., Cumberland co., Perm.: on YeUow Breeches cr., 7 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. It contains a char- coal forge, which makes 520 tons of blooms, and 30 tons of bars per annum. Lisoa's Kill, p. 0., Albany co., K Y. Lisle, p. t., Osage co., Mo.: on the E. bank of Osage r., about 3 m. Irora iU mouth, 10 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. Il has a fine landing, and considerable trade. Lisle, t. and p. o., Bnxtme co., N. Y. : 122 ra. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga r., on which are numer- ous saw-mills. Surftice undulating, and soil well adapted to grazing. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,GS1. LircHFiELD county, Crained W. by Housatonic r. and its branches, and E. by Naugatuck and Farmington rivers and their branches. Surface hilly, and in parts rugged and mountain- ous; soil a gravelly loam, well cultivated, very productive of all the grains, and generally capital grazing. Large dairies are kept, and a large amount of wool sheared. The exports are butter, cheese, beef, pork, antl wool. It has an abundance of excellent water-power, and very extensive man- ufactures. Iron ore of great fineness, and a kind much sought after, is found in parts, and largely wrought, and a valuable copper mine Ues in the S. E. Farms 3,C21 ; manuf. 4S7 ; dwell. 8.:-21, and pop.— wh. 44,2G6, fr. col. 987— total 45,253. OipiUd: Litchfield. Public Jf'orA's : Housatonic It. E. ; Naugatuek K. E. ; Hartford, Frovidence, and FishkiU E. E. Litchfield, t., p. b., and cap. Litchfield co., Co7tn. ; 28 m. "VT. by S. Hartford. The t. hes between the Naugatuek and Shepaug rivers, and is well drained by their affluents and other streams, many of which have large water^ower. Great Pond occupies 900 acres, and is the largest water- siirface in the State. Surface elevated, and diversified by hills and valleys; soil generally loam, and admirably adapt- ed for grazing. The v. on Litchfield liiil is environed by a rich and glowing scenery, and is built mainly on two streets crossing each other at right angles, at the intersection of which is an elegant square. It contains a coiul-liouse, jail, etc., an academy, and several schools, 3 churches, 2 printing- offices, and about 700 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc published here, the "L. Enquirer" (whig), and the " L. Ee- publican" (dem.), both issued weekly, and circulating about 1,200 copies each. There are several other \illages in the I., South Farms, Milton, etc. The t. has numerous manu- factures of woolens, paper, leather, iron, etc., and mills of all descriptions. It has also a good wholesale and retail trade, and is connected with the sea-board and interior by the Naugatuek R. E., which follows the valley of the river in the east border of the town. Pop. of t. 3,957. Litchfield has been the birthplace of many men distinguished in national histor;'. science, and in literature. ■ LiTcnnELD, p. v., and cap. Grayson co., Ky.: SS m. W. S. "W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- emy, and several stores. The Nashville and Louisville E. R. will pass through it, LiTcuFiELD, t and p. v., Kennebec co., 3f^. ; 12 m. S. "W. by S. Augusta. In the N. and E. are two large ponds, trib- utary to the Kennebec, which aff^ord mill-sitos. Surface rough in parts, and soil verj' productive of grain and pola- Uies. The v. is in the N., and contains several stores. Pop. of t, 2.1tiG. LiTcnFTELD, t. and p. v., Tlillsdale co., JficTi. : 47 m. S. by "W. Lansing. Brained by St. Joseph's and Sandy rivers, which furnish excellent water privileges. Surface diversi- fied; sft'd very productive of wheat. Sandstone and iron ore are found. The v. is on SL Joseph's r., and has exten- sive mills and a considerable trade. Pop. oft. 1,362. LiTcnFiixD, t, and p. o., Herkimer co., -V. Y. : 116 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface t)roken, and soil calcjireous loam. A farming town, well supplied with timber. Pop. 1,676. LrrcuFiELD, t and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 95 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Black r. Sur- face elevated, and soil fertile. Pop. 1,332. LrrciTFiELP, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn.: o» the N. line of the St;ite, 114 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. r>rained by Wcposseping cr. Surface rough, and soil adapted lo graz- ing. It is mostly covered with One timber, which consti- tutes its wealth. LrrcuFiEU) Corners, p. o., Kenuebeo oo., Me,: 17 m. S. S. W. Augusta. LiTUGOw, p. 0., Duchess co., K. K .■ 59 m. S. Albany. LiTHONiA, sla., De Kalb co., Ga. : 24 m. E. of Atlanta, on the Georgia E. R. LimoroLis, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: 15 m. S. E. Columljus. Pop. 3&G. LiTiz, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 30 m. E. by S. Harris- burg. It contains an academy, and about 500 inliabitants. LriTLE Beavee BnnxiE, p. v., Columbiana co,, Ohio: on Little Beaver cr., and Sandy and Beaver Canal, about 3 m. from the Ohio r., 13G m. E. by N. Columbus. Little Blue Rivkr, p. o., Shelby co., Lut. : near a branch of White r. so called, 2S m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Little Beitaes, p. o., Orange co., N. Y. : 117 m. B. by "W. Albany. Little Cacapon, sta., Hampshire co., Virg. : on the Bal- timore and Ohio E. R., 21 m. E. Cumberland. Little Chucky, p. o., Greene couuty, Teiin.: 313 m. E. Nashville. Little CnrrrE, p. v.. Brown co., Wise. : on the left bank of Neenah or Fox r., 103 m. N. N. E. Madison. The r. haa a fall here of 32 feet in less than 2 m., and affords superior facilities for manufacturing. Little Compton, t. and p. o., Newport co., P. L : 35 m. S. S. E. Providence. It lies on the Atlantic, at the E. sido of Narragansett Bay, and has a somewhat imeven surface, and a very fertile and highly cultivated soil. Farming is the chief pursuit, and wool, live stock, and dairy produce, tlie staples. At Seaconnct Point, in the S. W. corner, is a breakwater, erected by government The t. is a favorite summer resort for those in search of sea-air. Pop. 1,4G2. Little Comi-ton, p. a. Carroll co., Mo.: on Grand r., SS m. N. W. Jefferson Cily. Little CnrEic. hund.. Kent co., Del. : extends across the State, bounded S. by Dover hund., ami N. by Little cr., con- taining 45,300 acres. Surface even, with small elevations in the W., and soil productive. Lumber is exported. Popu- lation 2.237. Little Creek, hun'esee, p. o., Alleghany eo., JT T. : 235 m. TV. by S. Albany. Little Geovb, p. c, Montgomery county, TsMt, : 31 m* W. N. "W. Nashvilio. tar LIT LIT LriTLE Gttnpowdee, p. o., Bultiniore co., Md, : on "W. siJe of cr. 60 called, % m. from Gunpowder r., 84 m. N. by K. Annapolis. Little Hockhocking, p. v., ■Wasbin2:ton co., Ohio : on the Oliio, at the mouth of the r. so called, 91 m. S. E. by E. Columbus. Little Level, p. o., Pocahontas county, Virg. : near Greenbrier r., 155 m. W. by K. Kicbmond. Little Maksu, p. o., Tioga co., P&n7i. : 107 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Little Meadows, p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 119 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Little Mill Ckeek, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 32 m. N. Columbus. Little Milis, p. o., Eichmond co., N. Oar. : 85 m. S. W. Ealeigh. Little Mcddt, p. c, Franklin co.. III. : about 1 m. E. of Little Muddy cr., a branch of Big Muddy r., 132 m. S. by E. Springfield. Little Osage, p. o.. Bates co.. Mo. : on a branch of the Osage so called, 126 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Little Pine Ceeek, p. o,, Lycoming co., Peiin.: S2 m. N. N. W- Harrisburg. Little Piney, p. o., Pulaski co., Mo. : near the junction of Little Piney creek with Gasconade riyer, -13 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Little Pltmouth, p. v.. King and Queen county, Virff. : 83 m. E. by N. Richmond. It contains an academy and about 100 inhabitants. Little Pkaieie, p. o., Crawford Co., Mo. : 47 m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. Little Peahue, p. o., Cass county, Oa. : 132 m. N. \f. MiUedgevUle. Little Pealete, p. o., Chatahoula pariah. La. : 94 m. N. N. W. Baton Kouge. Little Peahue, p. v., "Walworth co., Wise. : 53 m. S. E. Madison. Little Praieie Rosde, p. t., Cass county, Mi*ih. : SI m. S. W. Lansing. Little Rest, p. o.. Duchess co., iVl n Little RrvER, p. v., Blouut co., Term. : on a branch of Tennessee r. so called, 257 m. E. by S. Nashville. Little Riveb, p. o., Columbia co., Ftor. : 91 m. E. ]iy S. Tallahassee. Little Ritee, p. o. Caldwell co., K Car.: on a branch of Catawba r., 149 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Little Riteb, p. o., Horry disU, S. Car. : on a stream of that name, flowing into the Atlantic, 128 m. E. by S. Columbia. Little Rfvee, p. o., Floyd Co., Virg. ; on a branch of New r., 171 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. Little River Tillage, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : near the junction of Little r. and the Androscoggin, 27 m. S. S. W. Augusta. It contains several mills and 400 inhabitants. Little river : a tributary of Peedee river, and furiiis the boundary between North and South Carolina. Little river, Ey. : a tributary of Cumberland river. Little river, Iiui.: a tributary of Wabaah r., which it enters above Vincennes. Little river, Ga. : a tributary of the Savannah, which it meets 80 m. above Augusta. It rises in Oglelli<»ri)e county, and in its course to the E. passes through Taliaferro, and between Wilkes and Lincoln on the N., and Warren and Columbia on the S., forming their boundaries. Little Rock, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Ark.: and . capital of the Stale of Arkansas; on the S. side of Arkansas river, 300 miles above its mouth— iat. 34^ 40* N. and long. 920 12' W.— 1,0S6 m. W. by S. Washington. It was first setUed in 1S29. The v., as its name implies, is situate on a high rocky bluff, 150 to 200 foet above the r., and is the first place where rocks appear above its mouth. It is regu- arly laid out, the streets intersecting at right angles, and eontains the State House and the State Penitentiary, the County Court-house, jail, etc., and a United Stales arsenal, the offices of the Surveyor General of Public Lands for the district of Arkansas, and a Register and Receiver's Oflico. It has also numerous stores and warehouses, and several flour and saw mills, both steam and water. It has a large trade with the interior, and may be considered as tho depfit of all the region extending far into the Indian Territory. Many of the churches are well built, and even elegant, and number some dozen, including the Catholic Cathedral of St. Andrew. The Catholic Bishop of the diocese of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the diocese of Arkansas reside in llie village. There are several academies and schools, and in this connection it may be stated that the Catholics have charge of the most eflicient and flourishing. At Little Rock Is the head of ordinary steam navigation ; during high flood, however, steamboats ascend the river to Fort Gibson, 1,000 m. further up. Pop. 2,167. Little KftcK, p. c, Kendall co., JU. : 140 m. N. by K Springfield. Little Rock Fish, p. o., Cumberland co., 2^. Car. : on a branch of Cape Fear r., 59 m. S. Ealeigh. Little's, sta., HUlsboro' county, A". Hmn/p. : 11m. N. of Lowell, on Nashua and Lowell R. E. Little Sanduset, p. v.,Wyandott co., Ohio: ona branch of Sandusky river, 53 m. N. by W. Columbus. It containa several stores and 300 inhabitants. Ijttle St. Joseph river, InO.: a constituent of Maumee river. It rises in Ohio, and after passing thnmgh De Kalb and Alien counties of Indiana, joins St. Mary's r. at Fort Wayne — the two forming the Maumee. It is otherwise called St. Joseph of Lake Erie. Little Sandy, p. o., Morgan co., Ky. : 83 m. E. by S, Frankfort. , Little Scioto, p. o., Marion co., 07tio: 45 m. N. by W. Columbus. Little Skin Cheek, p. o., Lewis county, Yirg. : 1S7 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Little Sodus, p. v., Cayuga co., K Y. : on Little Sodus Bay, 161 m. W. by N. Albany, Little Sodus bay, Cayuga co., 2^. Y. : a small inlet of I^ke Ontario, about 3 m. deep and 1 m. wide. It is situate about IS m. E. of Sodus Bay, in the town of Sterling, and receives near its outlet Sodus cr. The water is deep, but a bar obstructs the entrance from the lake. Littlestown, p. v., Adams co., reim. : 34 m. S. S. W, Harrisburg. Littleton, p. v., Schuyler co., III. : 43 m. W. N. W. Springfleld. Littleton, t. and p. t., Middlesex co., Muss. : 24 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by Stony Brook, a branch of the Merrimac, and Beaver r., a brauch of Concord r., which supply it with water-power. Surface Uneven, and soil generally of good quality. Superior rye and hops aro raised, and fine dairies kept. Various small faotorics occupy tlie streams, which are fed by two large ponds. A variety oflimrstone is quarried. The Fitehburg R. li. crosses tho t, and has a sta. 31 m. from B. ; on tlic rigid bank of Androscoggin r.,22 m. W. Augusta. Soil exceUeiit, and large crops of wheat and potatoes are raised. The r. h:i'* a large descent, and moves several factories and mills. I'op. 1,704. LivEiiMORE^ p. v., Westmoreland co., Pfini.: on the S. side of Coneniaugh r., 127 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylv.ania Canal j'asses through it. LivEKMORE Centre, p. o., Oxford co., Me.: 34 m. W. Augusta. LrvRCMORE Falls, p. v., Kennebec co., 3Fe. : on the led bank of Androscoggin r., 23 m. W. N. W. Augusta. The r. furnishes excellent water-power, which is improved to move several factories, mills, and mechanic shops. The Andrns- cotrgiii R. R. terminates here, 20 m. from its juuelion with the Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. Pop. 4S0. Liverpool, p. v., Onondaga co., K, Y. : on the E. side of Onondaga Lake, 132 m. W. by N. Albany. The manufac- ture of salt from the springs here is the principal busines.'i of the v.. and the produce in 1850 was &4S.S32 Inishela of fine or (ablt -salt. It is on the Oswego Canal, 5 ra. N. of its junc- tion with the Krie Canal at Syracuse, and contains a dozen stores, and about 1.000 inhabitants. Liverpool, t. and p. o., Medina county, 0?do: 99 m. N. E. by N. C^ilurnbus. Prained by Rocky r.. which fur- iilslif^s watiT'power. Surface somewhat broken, and soil fertile. Iron ore, salt, sulphur, and rock oil are found. Pop. 2,164. LivERi'OOL. t. and v., Columbia co., Ohi/) ; 132 m. E. N. E. Columbus. The Ohio r. flows on its S. boundary. The v. is situate on the r., about 50 m. below Pittsburg, and has ^^ inhabitants. The manufacture of earthen-ware is car- ried on exJc.nsivcly. Pop. of t. 1,5(>1. LiTEP.pooL, t. and p. b., Peuy co., Penn.: on the W. side of Susquehanna r., 24 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Sur- face rou^h in parl.s, with rich loamy valleys. It is well sup- plied with water-power and timber, and has many flour and saw mills. The v. is on the r., at the montli of a cr., and contains several stores and establishments for making iron- LivHUPooL, p. o., Brazoria co., Tex. : on Chooolate Bayou. 157 m. E. S. E. Austin City. I-,ivERP00L, p. v., Fullon CO., III. : on tho riglit bank of Illinois r., 44 in. N. N. W. Springfield. Livingston county, III. Situate N. E.. and contains 1,029 sq. m. Drained by Vermillion r. of tho lllinuis and its branches. Surface level ; soil fertile. It consists mostly of extensive prairies, some of which are low and wet, with few streams, and little timber. It has some water-power^ and in parts, deposits of coal and limestone. F.irms 1^5 ; nianuf. 0; dwell. 261, and pop. — wh. 1,552, fr. ool. — total 1,552. Capital: Pontiac. LiYiNGSTox cou.ity, K>/. Situate W., and contains 236 sq. m. Bounded N. and W. by the Ohio, and S. by the Tennessee, and intersected by the Cumberland. Surface pleasantly varied, and soil very productive. Tobacco is the fanning staple, but corn and wheat are fine crops. It ex- pnrls a great deal of pork, and manufactures leather, and agri.-ultural machinery. Farms 4S5: manuf. 13 ;* dwell. 915, and pop.— wh. 5,404, fr, col. 56, si. 1,118— total 6,578. Cap- ital: Salem. Livingston parish, La. Situate S. E., and contains 7S6 sq. m. Bounded W. and S. by Amitie r. and Lake Mau- repas, into which it flows, and E. by Tangipahoa r, enter- ing Lake Pontchartrain, between which are Tickfaw r. and many small streams. Surface level, with extensive marshes ; soil fertile. Cotton, com. and rice, are staples. There are on some of its streams water-privileges, which are profit- ably employed. Farms 219; manuf. 13; dwell, 4S0, and pop.— wh. 2,52.^, fr. col. 20, si. S42— total 8,3S5. Capital: Springfield. Piihllc Woi'Ica: New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhirn R. R. LiviNcsToN county, Midi. Situate S. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Shiawassee r., W. by hcaani mixed with decomposed lime- stone, on whirh the CO. rests, and especially adapted to grain. Wheat, pork, and cattle, are the great staples. Bnt- Ur wool, corn, and oats, are large ex-ports, and in the Gen- esee valU-y great quantities of hemp and flax are grown. It has abundant water-power, and extensive manufactures of fluur. paper, iron, leather, lumber, etc.. and unsur]-assed facilities for reaching markets in all parts of the Union- S89 LIV LOG Gypsum is abundant; bog-iron ore and salt springs are found, and sulphur springs, long known and visited by the Indians, and now widely c<^lebralcd. Farms '2,50:1; manuf. 863: dwell. 7,172, and pop. wli. 40,69u. fr. cL 1S5— toUU 40,3T5. Citpital: Genesoo. PuhVic M'brkx: Genesee Val- ley Canal; Buffalo, Corning, and New York 11. K ; Canan- daigua and Niagara J'"all8 K. K., ete. Livingston, p. v., and rap. Sumter eo., .-l/a. /near Su- quinochee r., a branch of the Tonibigbee, lu7 in. W. by N. Montgomery. It wmtuiiis a court-bouse, jail, academy, and 850 inhabitimtfl. The "Sumter County Whig" is published weekly. Ln'iMQSTON, p. v., Clark co., IH. : about 10 m. "W. of Wabash r., 112 m. E. by 8. Springfldd. Livingston, t and p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 45 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It occupies high land on Woodruff's cr., which has a large fall, and movea several mills. Pop. 450, Livingston, p. c, Madison co., 3Iiss.: IG m. N. Jackson. Livingston, p. v., and cap. Polk co., 7kr. : on the E. side of Long King cr. of Trinity r., 16S m. E. by N. Austin City. It is surrounded by rich cotton plantations, and con- tains a court-house and several stores. Livingston, t. and p. o., Essex co., N. Jt^r. : on the E. Bide of Passaic r., 42 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Short Ilills or Second Mountains occupy the E., but the W. is more even ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 1,151. Livingston, t. and p. o., Columbia co., 2^. K; on the E. side of Hudson r., S6 m. S. Albany. Bnu'ned by Gopake and Itocliff Jansen's creeks. Sirrface varitvl; soil chiyey or gravelly loam. It belongs to the Livingston manor, and has in it several ftirnaees. fioin-ing mills, and oilier maou- factori.'S. The Hudson lliver E. U. passes through it. Pop. 2,022. Livingston, p. v., and cap. Overton co., TWpw, : 79 ra. E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, several stores, and 15<) inhabit^ints. LiviNGSTONviLLE, p. V., Scboharic county, JV' T.: 27 m. ■W. S. W. Albany. Livonia, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : S2 in. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Livonia, p. o.. Point Coupee par., X/t. : 37 m. N. W. Baton Uouge. Livonia, t. and p. o., Wayno co., 3f/ch.: 62 m. E. S. E. Lansiny locks between. This, and 15 foet fall in the Des Plaines. near the v., furnish abundant water-power, and large quarries of limestone ample building material. It has valuable manufactures, an extensive trade, and 1,S00 inhab- itants. Tht5 " L. Telegraph" is published weekly. Looki-ort. p. v.. Carrnl! co.. Ind. : on the N. bank of Wabash r., 67 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It is on the Wa- bash and ItIo Canal, 17 m. from Ltigansport. Lockport, p. o., Henry co., Kfj. : N. W. Frankfort. Lockpokt, L, p. v., and cap. Niagara co., A^. K; 249 m. W. by X. Albany. Lat 43° 11' N., and long. TS^ 46' W. Drained by streams flowing N. into Lake Ontario, and S. into Tniiawanda cr. Surface elevated and varied, sloping from a ridsc or terr.ace which forma the water-shed dividing the streams above noticed. Soil calcareous and armdy loam, very fertile, and admirably adapted to grazing. There are extensive quarries of fine building-stone in the town. Tho v., one of the most prospcrons of the W. section of the State is situate on the line of the Erie Canal. 31 m. from Buffalo, and on the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls E. K., 23 m. LOG Loa from Niagara Falls. The business activity depending on Uiese avemiea of commerce is immense; and the wator- power created by the surplus of the canal, which here rises 60 feet by locks, is of the greatest importance to the manu- fncturinf; hitereata of the place. Among the large number of manufa>.tiire3 carried on, especial mention may be made of its c< itton and woolen mills, its furnaces, its maehine-sliops, agricultural machimTy and implcmL-nt factories, and of its flouring:, grist, saw, plaster, and other uiills, and in the neigh- borhood manufactures are mpidly sjiringing into existence. Four banks are located here. The village contains a court- house, jail, and other county buildings, 17 or IS churches ot various denominations, several good schools and academies, and numerous common schools, and has a public press num- bering four separate publications, viz. : the " L. Courier" (whig), daily and weekly, the "Niagara Democrat" (dem.), the "Niagara C.itaract" (F. S.), and the " Iris of Niagara'' (ht.), all weekly issues. The v. was incorporated in 1827^ and will probably, at no distant period, be entered on the list of cities. The population of the t in 1S30 was 3,S33 ; in 1S40 it was 9,125, and in ISoO 12,323, having increased from 1S:30 in the decennial ratio of 13S-(JS and 35-04 per cenL The railroad from Canandaigua has been opened since the lat- ter period, and its access eastward thus fully established, which will greatly accelerate its growth in wealth and popu- lation. LocKPORT, sta.. "Westmoreland co., Penn.: on the W. di- vision of the Pennsylvania It. li., G5 m. E. of Pittsburg. Here is a thriving v., with a brisk trade, on the Conemaugh r. and W. division Canal, and a charcoal furnace of 1,U00 tons ahnual capacity. LooKPOET, p. v., Williams co., Ohio: on W. side of Tiffin cr., 128 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. LocKPOHT, v.. Licking CO., Ohio ; on the Ohio Canal, 81 m. E. by N. Columbus. Population 42. LocKPORT, v., TuscarawjLS co., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, about a mile S. of New Philadelphia, and 83 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 17S. LocKF.roGE, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : 47 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Lock's Village, p. v., Franklin co., Ma^!^. : 71 m. "W. by N. Boston. LocKVTLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 17 m. 8. E. by E. Columbus. It is on the Ohio Canal, .30 m. from Newark. LooKwooD, p. o., Suj^scx CO., jV; Jer. : 40 m. N. Trenton, Loco Praieie, p. v., M'Henry co., III.: 1S9 m. N. by E. Springfield. Loci'ST Batou, p. o., Washita co., Ark. : on an affluent of Washita r. so called, OS m. S. S. W. Little P^ock. Locust Coeneb, p. c, Clermont co., Ohio : 7G m. S. W. Columbus. LocrsT Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Tirg. : 20 m. N. W. Eichm'^nd. LocrsT Bale, p. o., Madison co., Tirg. : on a branch of Eapid v\nn r., 62 m. N. W. Kichmond. Locust Grove, p. o., Searcy co., Arl'. : 93 m. N. by W. Little Rook. Locust Oeove, p. c, Henry co„ Gti. : 56 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. Locust Grove, p. o., Callaway county, K[j. : 112 m. S. W. by W. Frankfurt. Locust Grove, p. v., Williamson co., III. : 146 m. S. S. E. Springfleia. Locust Grove, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: on the E. side of Brush cr., 67 ra. S. by W. Columbus. Locust Grove, p. o.. Weakly co., Tenn. : 9S m. W. by N. Nashville. Locust Grove, p. o., Orange co., Yirg.: 53 m. N. W. Eichmond. Locust Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Ind. : 44 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. Locust Gro\t:. p. o., IIenr>' en.. Mo.: about 3 m. S. of Grand r,, 70 m. W. by S. Jelfersun City. Locust Hill, p. o., Caswell co., 27. Cur. : 66 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Locust ITill, p. o., Washmgton county, Penn. : 141 W. Ilarrisburg. Locust Hill. p. o., Anderson district, S. Car. : 105 m. W. N. W. Columljia. Locust Lane, p. o., Fayette co., Tirg. : 194 m. W. by N. Kichmond. Locust Mills, p. o.. Bracken co., Kf/. : 53 m. N. E. by E. Frankfort. Locust Mount, p. o., Accomac co., llrg. : 96 m. E. N. E. Ilichmnnd. Locust Mount, p. o., Washington CO., Tenn.: 238 m. E. Nashville. LocufiT Shade, p. o., Overton county, Tenn. : 83 m. E. Nashville. Locust Spring, p. v., Macoupin co,, III. : 27 m. S. 8. W. Springfield. Locust Spbino, p. o., Cumberland county, Ki/. : 106 m. S. by W. Frankfort. Locust Thee, p. o., Niagara co., K T. : 263 m. W. by N. Albany. LocusTviLLE, p. o., Accomac co., Yirff. : 89 m. E. by N. Eichmond. LoDDY, p. o., Hamilton co., Teiin. : near Saluda cr. of tha Tennessee, 79 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Loni, t. and p. o., Bergen county, 17. Jer. : 53 m. N. E. Trenton. It is mostly level, and lies between Hackensack r. rm the E. and the Passaic and its branch, Saddle r., on the W., which furnish good mill-sites. The Union R. E. crosses the Passaic on its W. border, 12 m. from New York, Pop. 1,11-3. LoDT, p. o., Coweta county, Ga.: 106 ra. W. by N. Milledgeville. Lorn, p. o., Choctaw co., dli-ss.: 8S m. N. N. E. Jackson. LoDi, p. v.. Chirk co., PI. : 106 m. E. by S. Springfield. Loni, t and p. o., Washtenaw co., 3fich.: 52 m. S. E. Lansing. Surface level, and soil admirably adapted to grazing. Pop. 1,2^U. Loin, t. and p. v., Seneca co., 27. Y. : on the E. side of Seneca Lake, 1G4 ni. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soil clayey loam, and very fertile. Farming is the chief pursuit. Gypsum is found. Pop. 2,209. Loin, t. and p. o., Columltia CO., TT/s*?. ; on the E. side of Wisconsin r., IS m. N. Madison. Brained by Ockee cr. It has a good soil and excellent timber. Pop. 303. LoDi, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : on E. branch of Black r., 87 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several mills anrj 200 inhabitants. Loot, sta., Seneca co., Ohio: 23 m. from Sandusky on the Mad River and Lake Erie E. E. Lorn, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : about 2 m. W. of Saluda r., 56 m. W. l>y N. Columbia. LoDi, p. o., Jackson co.. Term. : 67 ra. E. N. F. N:ishvUIe Loni Bar, p. o., Sumter dist, S. Car. : E. Columbia. LoPi Centrk. p. o., Seneca co., 27. T. : 101 m.W. Albany LopiviLLE. p. v.. Parke co., Ind. : on the E. bank of Wa- bash r., 44 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It is at the mouth of Coal cr. and on the Wabash and Erie Canal. Lot.ore, p. o., Amelia co., Virg. : 32 m. S. W. Eichmond. Logan county, PI. Situate centrally, and contains 538 sq. m. Drained by Salt cr., a branch of Sangamon r., and its afHuenls, Lake Fork, Sugar, and Kickapoo creeks. Sur- face un. Situate S. W., and contains .')91 gq m. Drained S. by Red and Big Whippoorwill rivers, 891 LOG LON branches of the Cumberland, and N. by Elk Lick, Wolf Lick, and Big Muddy creeks of Green r. Surface elevak*d table-land ; euil generally fertile. Tobacco, com, oal^, and wheat are staple products. It has fine facilities fur manu- factures, and they are extensively improved in producing woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, earthen-ware, etc. Farms 1,130 ;manuf. 40; dwell. 1,917, and pop.— wh. 10,751, fr col. 863, 8l. 6.467— total 16,581. CdplUd : Kussellville. Logan county, Ohio. Situate W. centr.illy, and contains 438 sq. m. Brained E. by Kush, Mill. an6w, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the E. side of Connecticut river, and S. line of the State, 81 m. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by small allluents of tho Connecticut, Surface mo.stly level, a large jiart of the town being alluvial meadows. Soil very fertile and bigbiy eulti- vatetf. It has several tanneries, and makes excellent bricks, but is eminently a farming I., with markets fur its produce at its doors. A superior kind of red building stone is abundant, and extensively quarried. The New Haven, Hartford, and SprlngfieUI U. II. passes throiigli il..iind has a sla. 4 m. S, of Springfield. The v., a long broad street, about 1 m. from and parallel with the river, la beautifully shaded by rows of tall elms, and contains many elegant farm houses and country residences. Population of town 1,252. Long Meadow, p. o.. Page county. Virg. : on E. side of Shenandoah r., 91 m. N. W. Richmond. LoNQMiRE, p. o.) "Washington county, Tcnii.: near the Nolichucky r., 24.5 m. E. Nashville. Longmike's Store, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : G3 m. W. Columbia. Long Old Fields, p. o., Prince George's co., MrL : 2G m. W. S. W. Annapolis. Long Peucimmon, p. o., Yallabusha co.. Miss.: 119 nL N. by E. Jackson. Long Plain, p. o., Bristol county, Masii.: 4G m. S. by E. Boston. Long Point, p. v., Livingston co.. III. : on a W. branch of Vermillion r.. 05 id, N. N. K. Springfield. Long Point, p. o., Washington county, Tex. : 92 m. E. Austin City Long Pond, p. c, Caldwell co., Ki/. : ISG m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Long pRAiniE, p. o., Wabnahta co., Mtn/). Trr.: near the river of that name, a branch of Crow Wing r., li)3 m. N. W. St. Paul. Long Ruhie, p. o., Fairfield co., Conn.: 55 ni. S. W. Hartford. Long Run, p. o., Jefferson co., Ey. : 2C m. W. by N. Frankfort. Long Savannah, p. o., Hamilton county, Tenn. : 140 ra. S. E. by E. Nashville. Long's Bridge, p. o., Hancock co., Gn. : near Buffalo cr. of the Oconee, 17 m. E. by N. Milledgev ille. Long's Mills, p. o., Randolph county, K. Car. : CI m, W. by N. Raleigh. Long Street, p. o., Moore co., N. Car. : 35 ra. S. W. Raleigh. Long Street, p. o., Pulaski co., Ga.: 42 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. Long Street, p. o., Lancaster dist., . 9. dtr. : about 3 m. E. of Catawba r., 42 ra. N. by E. Columbia. Long Swamp, p. o., Marion co., Flor.: 1C9 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Long Swamp, t. and p. o., Berks county, Poin,: 66 ra. E. byN. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Little Lehigli r., on which are several mills and small factories. Surface hilly, and soil gravelly loam. Leather, powder, and iron are made. At the v. is a furnace of 1,000 tons capacity. Longtown, p. o., Fairflcbl dist., S.Car. ; 23 m. N. N. E, Columbia. Longtown, p. o., Panola co.. Miss. : 133 m. N. by E. Jackson. Long Valley, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. by E Harrisbnrg. Long View. p. o., Braaslure. W'ater- puwer is iikntiful fur working up all the products, and gnld ill small '. Lot'i3A, p. T., Stephenson co., lU. : 1S5 m. N. Springfield. Louisa, p. v., and c:ip. Lawrence co., Kij.: near the junclioaof Big Sandy r. and its W. fork, 129 m. E. Frankfort. LocisA C. H., p. v., and cap. Louisa co., Mrg. : 42 m. N. W. Eichm inunda- tion. Tu the West and north of these is an extensive region coniprising one-half of the Slate, considerably broken, but no- where exceeding 200 feet in elevation. The section north of the Iberville and Lake Pontcharlrain and east of the Mi>sis- aippi is of a similar descriptiun with the north-western region, and, like that, is principally covered with pine. The State presents but a limited geological field. It is divided into the leading grades or divisions of tertiary, dilurial, and alluvial. The tertiary, occupying about two-fiflhs of the State, lies north of a waving line, commencing on the Sahine near the mouth of tlie Neches. crossing Bed River 20 miles north of jUexandria, and the "Washita 10 miles north of Ilarris- burg. Its beds contain coal (aluminous brown coal), salt, iron, oehre, gypsum, and marls. The coal is inferinr in that of Pittsburg, and could not compete with it in the market, but is worth developing fur use in those portions of the State where the better coal would not bear the expense of transportation. It abounds in Sabine, Natchitoches, Caulh are the Vermillion, Mermenfeau, and Calcasieu, which, rising in a tract of pine hills to the south of the Red River, and flowing Uirough the great pastoral plains of the west, reach the low marshy strip to the Mexican Gulf, and spread into shallnw lagoons. The Sabine, which parlakes of the character of the last described rivers, is, however, a consiilerable stream, rising fartlK-r to the north in Texas, and is a navigable river beyond the Louisiana boundary, but its mouth is obstructed by a bar. From the north-eastern pine region, the Pearl, Tangipaod, Chefuncta, and Iberville, large navigable rivers, flow into ihe lakes and passes which sep;irate that region from the fluviatile district. The Iberville, formed by the junction of the Amite from the north, and the Manehac from the west, enters the head of Lake Maurepas, which is from lo U> 12 feel deep, and c^mnected witli Lake Ptmtehartrain by the Pass Manchac. Lake Pontchartrain is about 40 miles long, and ^4 miles wide, with an average depth of 10 fathoms, but is 8lialli>w nea the shores. Vessels drawing S feet of water cnn, however, go up to Madisonville and to the mouth of Bayou St. John, in the rear of New Orleans; and not more than that draft can be carried through the passes or channels called the Rigi>let3 and Chef Menteur, through wlijch it communi- cates with Lake Borgne. This last is, properly speaking, no lake, but tlie termination of Paseagnnla Sound ; it approaches to within 15 miles of New Orleans, and boats c^-m go up the bayoux that empty into it to within a shurt disUmce of the city. It is of about the same average depth with Lake Pontchartrain, but somewhat deeper along the shores. Louisiana is remarkably destitute of good harbors. Vessels drawing 8 feet of water can go up to Madisonville on Lake Pontchartrain. but the other inlets on the coast are shallow. There is, however, a gouisiana occur above SOO 30' ; but that writer h.is overlooked the fact that the live oak is a maritime tree, and does not grow more than 20 or 25 miles from the sea. The tall palmetto, or cabl>age palm, and the long leafed pine, so characteristic of the southern Atlantic Slates, do not appear here ; nor does the China orange thrive higher than 30^ 80'. The clitnate is favorable to the peach and fig tree ; but the apple can not be cultivated to advantage, and the cherrj' is wholly unproductive. The agncultural staples are cotton and sui;ar; rice, maize, or Indian corn, and tobacco, are also cultivated, but have been neglected for the first named articles; and indigo, which was formerly a staple, has been abandoned. The prairie lauds of the west afl!brd valuable pastures; and here jtre found large herds of cattle and horses. In the north-western part of the Slate, between the Mississippi and 396 LOUISIANA. Pearl Rivers, mufli lumber is cut for exporlalion, and much tar, pilch, and turpentine i3 prepared. The collon plant 13 cuUivaled chiefly on the Red River and in the norlh-e.astem paria of the State ; but there i3 no parish in which it is not produced in a greater or less quantity. Suijar is planted as far north .as the head of the delta, and it has been raised with Kuecess in the parish of Rapides. It was formerly asserted that it would not thrive farther north than the 3Utli parallel. Those interested in the productions of the south and south-west will find elaborate essays on each staple cultivated in those regions in De Bow's work, " Tlic Iiidmtrial lie^miircffi, **(o., 0/ tlw Southern and Wf'stsrn States,^' publisjied in 1S5'2, in S volumes, a work which every statesman .an-.^(ocX-.— Horses, 89.614 ; asses and mules, 44,849 ; milch cows, 105,,576; working oxen, 54,968; other cattle, 414,798; sheep, 110,3.33: swine, 597.301. The returns under this head in 1340 sum up thus— horses, mules, etc., 99,883; neat cattle of all descriptions, 331,243; sheep, 98,072; and swine, 323,220. 397 LOUISIANA. Grain Crops. — Wheat, 417 bushels ; rye, 475 bushels ; Indian corn, 10,226,873 bushels ; oats, S9,G37 bushels ; barley, bushels; and buckwheat, 3 bushels. The crops of ls;J9-40 were— wheat, 60 bushels; barley, bushels; oate, 107,8S3 busliWs; rye, 1,S12 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels; Indian corn, 5,952,912 bushels. OtJi^r Staple Crops.— \l\ce, 4,425,349 (in 1840, 3,G04,5:J4) pounds; tobacco, 2C,S7S (in 1S40, 119,S24) pounds; ginned cnlt*jn, 178,737 bales of 400 pountls each, or 71,494,800 (in 1S40, 152,555,368) pounds; augar^maple, 255 pounds, and cane, 226,001 tin 1S40, 119,947JJ hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; and molasses, 10,931,177 gallons. Mi^'ccUaneo^iJS Cropi^.—Veas, and beans, 161,732 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 95,032, and sweet, 1,425,453 bushels; hay, 25,752 tons ; clover-seed, 3 bushels, and other grass-seeds, 97 bushels; hops, 125 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, (i tons, and water-rotted, tons; flax, pounds; flax-seed, bushels; wine, 15 gallons, etc The value of orchard products for Uie year was, $22,359, and of market-garden products, $145,829. ProihivU o/^H/mt//*.— Wool, Hi9,S97 (in 1S40, 49.2S3) pounds; butterj 683,069 pounds; cheese, 1,957 pounds; and value of animals slaughtered during U»e year had been $1,458,990. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 29 (in 1S4t5 6,217.881 6.857.209 7,.'.99,fl83 9,766,093 S,sn,663 9,.590,505 13,781,809 17,619,814 rears. Ei[iorts. Imjiort", 1&56.... ... 87.179.328 . .$15,117,649 1837.... ... 85,388,697 . . . 14,020,012 18.38.... ... 31,.5fl2,248 . . . 9.496,808 1839.... ... 3:!.l 84.167 . . 12,804,942 ISiO.... ... 34.2.36,936 . .. 10.67:5.190 1841.... ... .34,:'.87,4*) . .. 10.256.:!50 1842.... ... 2*.4II4,149 . . . 8.03;>,590 1843.... ... 27,390,424 . .. 8.170.015 1S44.... ... 3n.4:i«.3ll7 . . . 7,--26.7s9 ]84o.... ... 27.1.57.465 . .. 7,:?.'4,:i97 1846.... ... 31.275.704 . . 7.223,090 1847.... ... 47.1151,6:13 . . . 9.222,909 1848.... ... 40.971. :W1 . . . 9.380.4.39 1819.... ... 37.011,«fi7 . .. 111,11.50,697 1850.... ... 38,10o,:»n . .. 10,760,499 let Quartei Vesaela. Tor MoTemenu. Entrances 205 93,008 Clearances 199 .... 67,443 303 275 124,585 76,789 865 424 125,033 131,363 - spector-general, Auditor of Accounts, etc. The Treasurer is chosen biennially by Joint ballot of the legislature. The Judickiry consists of the Supreme Court and District Courts. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and three associate Justices, appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the terra of eight years. The Court sils in Now Orleans from the first Monday in November to the end of June inclusive. The Supremo Court has appellate jurisdiction only when more than $300 is in dispute, when the legality of any tax is in question, on all fines and penalties imposed by municipal corporations, and in criminal cases on points of law where death, hard labor, or a fine of more than $300 is imposed. The Court may issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases where they have appellate Jurisdiction. If the Judges are equally divided, the judgment appealed from stands aflarmed. The C^jurt has a reporter and clerks in New Orleans, Opelousas, Alexandria, an0, was $2'20,1G5.172 ; but Ihu true or eetimate valuation of the same ani-junted. according to the returns of (Ue Icderul census, lo $ 2:13.90 ">, 7 W. J'^'ederid Representation. — Louisiana, according to the law of 23d Way, lS5ii, apportioning federal representation, is entitlwl to send four representatives to Ct>ngress. Religioits Denominations.— Iha statistics of the several religious denominations in 1S50, as ascertained by t!ie census of that year, were as follows : Denorainii. N 1. nr Cln.rcd y«liie r>r Dennmina- No. of Cl.iirtli Value of De.i..in.nii- ^ tioiis. Clii r.liea. Projierty. lidns. Ctiurclieg acciim. Prui»^rty. turn... Cli Baptist T2 . iri,35S . . $30,470 Germ'nEc'f. 1 . 500 . *4,000 E. Catholic . Christian 2 . . 1,500 . 61,000 Jewish 1 . COO . 20,000 Swedenb'g . Congregate . . — . — . . — Lutheran . . — . — _ Tunkei». Dutch Eof. .. — . — — Mennouite. — . _ . _ Union Episcopal . . . . 12 . 4,410 . 67,900 Melliodist.. ini; . 30,200 . .230,500 Unitarian . . Free 3 . 675 . 10,*3il Moravian.. — . — Univcrsalist FrienJs — . — . . — I'rfsbyter'n. 17 . 9^10 . 149,800 Minor Sects . 55 . . 37,210 1,000 . 1,G50 . Viilne o( ?r,.i.erty , $l,Ui5,650 S.220 100,000 5y,ooo Making the aggregate number of churches 265, valued as property at $1,7?2,470, and capable of accommodating 104,053 persons. Louisiana forms a diocese of the Trotestant Episcopal Church; and the arch-diocese, or pniviiice of New Or- leans in thoKoraan Catholic Church, which has f"r its suffragan sees, Mol.iile, Natchez, Galveston, and Little Kock. Ethwation.—'Vhii constitution provides that " there shall be a superiutemient of education, to lir>ld office fur two years. Free public schools shall be established throughout the State; the proceeds of lands granted for the purpose, and of lands escheatetl to the State, shall be held as a jiermanent fhnd, on which sLx per cent, interest shall be paid by the Stare for the support of lliese schools." The school fund, 1st January, 1850, amounted to $40,272 63, on which $11»,105 ^ of interest had accrued up lo that date ; and besides the proceeds of the school fund, the yearly sum of $250,0011 is appropriated for the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived from a ;n/7/tax on properly, and a poll tax of one dollar on each white male inhabitant. The whole number of school districts in the State on the 30th September, 1'^^, waS 521 : number of schools in operation, 704 ; number of children between 6 and 16 years of age. 53,716 ; average attendance for the year, 22,927; and 20,262 children did not attend school. The average period of tuition was 6 months and 13 days. Amount expended for teachers' salaries, $195,3S9 ; expended for building, renting, and purchasing school-houses, $134,080. There are also in aimost every parish numerous private, classical, and other high schools. The principal collegiate institutions in the State are— the University of Louisiana at New Orieans, founded in 1S49, and established with 7 professors ; it has also a medical department, which in 1850 had 7 professors and 188 students; the Centenary College (Methodist), at Jackson, founded 18:39— in 1S50 it had 7 professors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes ; the St. Charles College (Roman Catholic), at Grand Cotcau, founded 1838- in 1850 it had 21 professors and 103 students, with a valuable librarj' of about 4,000 volumes; Baton Kongo College, founded 1S3S — in 1S50 it had 4 professors and 4."> students ; Franklin College, at Ojielousas, founded lS:i'9 — in 1850 it had 4 professors and 70 students; and sever;d others, among which are I he Catholic Colleges at Baton Bouge and New ()rlean5, both of which are flourishing institutions. Libraries.—One State lilirary. 7,000 volumes; 1 social library, 10,000 volumes; 4 colb-ge libraries, 13,000 volumes- being a total of 6 libraries and 30,000 volume-s. The census makes no returns of students' libraries, the libraries of acade- mies and professional schools, the libraries of scientific and historical societies, nor of school libraries, although there are numbers <>f each description in the Stale. PerioOi^ul Presti. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in the State on the 1st June, 1850, was 60, of which 17 were whig and 17 were democratic — the remaining 26 being neutral in politics or devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number 11 were issued daily, circulating 81.780 copies ; 2 tri-weekly. 1.900 copies; 6 semi-weekly, 3,300 copies ; 40 weekly, 32,017 copies ; and 1 monthly, 12,200. Among the publications in New Orleans are many of the best conducted and most talented papers of the Union ; and no other city can boast of such a uuigazino of statistical information as De Bow's Review. Pauperifijji and Crime,— l^hG whole number of paupers that received support within the year ending June 1st, 1S50, \.'as 4-'3, of which 133 were native bom, and 290 foreign ; and the whole mnnber of paupers at the above dale w;is 106, of ■which 76 native bom, and 30 foreign annual cost of support, $39,806. The State Penilentiary is at Baton Bonge. The number of convicts remaining in confinement, 1st October, 1848, was 152. and the number received during the year fol- lowing was B(.') — male, 257 ; 52 discharged, 3 pardoned, 7 died, and 2 escaped— in all 63, leaving, 1st October, 1849, 194. The receipts for the year were $49,283 74; and the expenditures, $42,623 69— making a net gain from convict labor equal to $6,655 05 Ubitorictd .V/vfc/;.— The legends of De Soto, Marquette, and La Salle, shall not arrest onr attention. TIicso wild and daring passages belong rather to the romancer than lo the historian. Louis XIV, seizcil upon the j>roposal of Iberville, and addressed himself in earnest to a new and vasl country, which dazzled his ambition. lber\'ille, and Bienville, his brother, founded a colony of Frenchmen on the shores of Louisiana in 1699. This is the earliest era in the history of Louisiana. In 1712 the King of France granted a charter to M. Crozat. which covered the whole province. The aims of both parties were commercial, and included the whole of the Mississippi and its tributary bays, lakes, rivers, and bordering len-itories. M. Crozat was endowed for twenty years with exclusive privileges of trade in these countries— 1> work mines for gold and precious stones, with a large share of the results. The laws, edicts, and ordinances of the realm, and the customs of Paris were extended over Louisiana. The privileges allowed to Crozat were ample; but so vain are the calcnlations of men when employed upon novel enterprises, they satisfied not one of his greedy desires after Wealth iu the 2e 401 LOUISIANA. Western World. The grant was surrenflered, after five years, into the hands of the king, with the bitter complaint that from the imbecility of the colony, the strength of the Indians, the presence of the British, and the slerilily of the soil, it had proved of no kind of value whatever to him, but rather a ruinous expense. There settled in Paris about this time a man from Scotland by the name of John Law ; he was a restless projector, a daring financier, and full of enterprise. This extraordinary man soon succeeded in gaining an influenee over the Duke of Orleans, then regent, obtained a charter for a bank of $1,200,000, substituted paper for specie, and set the whole French nation mad with magnificent schemes of creating wealth, as it were, by the wand of a magician. Tlie Ciiancellor D'Agucsseau opposed this daring scheme with infinite peril to himself. To the Royal liank of Law was allached a great commercial company, in which were to be concentred all the rights, privileges, and possessions of all the trading compa- nies Ihen chartered in France. To this company was granted the great territorj' of Louisiana as it was surrendered up by Crozat. Ail France was in commotion— every man, woman, and child became a financier : the boot-black and collier of to-day were the qrandees of to-morrow, and their splendid equipages dazzled the bewildered populace. The Royal Bank stock went up to six hundred times its par value, and dividends were rendered at 2ll0 per cent. The exhausllesa mines near the Mississippi would reimburse any investment, it was said ; but in three years John Law was a bankrupt, the government itself was prostrated, the deluded votaries of stock-jobbing were undone, the magnificent Western Company — the Mississippi Scheme — ^became a by-word ; the banking bubble, when inflated to the skies, had burst I The charter of the company was granted for twcnty-flvc years; it was to have exclusi.-e privileges of trade, and of the purchase of beaver skins fir exportation. To it belonged by prescription the right to make all Indian wars and treaties, work all mines, grant lands, construct, forlifieations, nominate governors, and appoint inferior judges. Its vessels and crews to be of the French nation, and the descendants of the colonists to be counted natural bom subjects of France, etc. There are different accounts of the condition of Louisiana during the time it remained umier the Western Company, who enjoyed the privileges granted to Law. By some it is represented to have been in a deplorable condition ; while others assert that these were the best years which Louisiana knew under the dominion of France, the white population having increased from TOO to 5,000, and the black IVom 20 to 2,000 ; " a vast number of handsome cottages lined buUi sides of tho river at the German coast; the culture of rice, indigo, and tobacco, and a regular administration of justice were provided for." The Western Company, in despair of finding the gold they had anticipated in Louisiana, from mineral researches turned their attention to agriculture. To promote their aims, large grants were made to powerful and wealthy individu- als: to Law they granted a plot of twelve miles square. These grantees were to introduce settlers, but they succeeded to an extent far less than was anticipated, whiie sanguinary Indian wars desolated the colony. The company, in utter hopelessness, threw up their charter in April, 1732, which the king accepted, and declared the commerce of Louisi- ana thenceforward free. The French colonial government was now initiated. The commissioner, Salmon, took possession for the king. The new government established consisted of a Sujierinr Council, of the Governor-general of New France, the Governor and Commissary of Louisiana, the King's Lieutenant, and the Town Mayor of New Orleans, six councilors, an attorney, and a olerk. A war broke out between Great? Britain and France in 1760, the iufiuence of which was felt throughout all America. In this war our own Washington began his career of glory. Canada fell into the hands of the English, and rather than submit to the consequences, large numbers of its inhabitants sought a home in southern climes, fixing themselves on the Acadian coast of Louisiana, or taking tbeir course westward of the river, funned the settlements of Attakaparf, Opelousaa, and Avoyelles. France looked to Spain in her emergencies, and the Due dc Choiseul, the minister, entered into a family compact with the Spanish king on the 15th August, ITGO, and on the 3d Nov., 17G2, a secret treaty between the two governments ceded the territory of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, with New Orleans, to Spain. The bad system of government under which Louisiana had long suffered, was att^-nded with the consequences which were to be expected from it, and the sovereignty of the finest country of the world, says Marbois, a country which might have become another France, was of no use to the parent State, but was even a charge to h(^. After the experience of several years, the government, wearied with a possession which its faults and ignorance had made burdensome, felt disposed to abandon it. In 1768 Great Britain, France, and Spain entered upon the Treaty of Paris, and terminated their difficulties. France abandoned to Great Britain all her northern possessions, the whole of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, and the navigation of that river was made free to the subjects of either nation. Thus did France, by her cessions to Britain and ii^pain, divest herself of every foot of territory she held in North America. The private treaty of cession to Spain was long held secret, and it was not till 1704 tlial D'Abadie w.os ordered l>y Louis XV. to announce the fad to the colony. D'Abadie was broken-hearted at the intelligence, and ilied before he could communicate it. The duty devolved upon his successor, Aubry. A day of lamentation and sorrow had dawned upon the Louisianians, and they heard their fate with settled gloom. A general meeting of the leading inhabitants h.istily assembled in New Orleans, and entreaties were sent up to the throne that this painful treaty might not be made to go into effecL The king declared the treaty to be irrevoqable, Don Ant. de Ulloa arrived in Louisiana in 1706, appointed, as he professed, by Charles of Spain to lake possession of the province. His powers being demanded by the colonists, were not shown, and hence he was notified to depart, which he did in a few days, amid the universal rejoicing of the people. Scarcely, however, had the colony breathing time, before . it was announced that a Spanish frigate was uptm the coast, and notwithstanding the threats of the populace, Don Alex. O'Reilly, commander of the Spanish forcfs, landed and sent up a message to G<)vernor Auhry, informing him that he was prepared to take possession of the country, and that any show of resistance would be signally punished. The in habitants returned a declaration to the Spanianl. ileclnrin? tlieir intention to abandon the colony, and requested two years delav to etfect the arrangement. O'ReiUy consented with apparent cheerfulness and with the warmest professions ot regard. He soon after landed at the city and took formal possession in the name of the king. But this dispUiy ot clemency was but the precursor of the worst excesses of tyranny. Some of the first eilizcns were arrested and thrown into prison, declared guilty of treason, and tried under the statute of Alphonzo, making it death to incite msurrection against the king. Sentence and execution followed. "Posterity," says the historian Martm, "will doom Ibis act to public execration," and posterity, we may add, h:i3 already branded it as one of the blackest which it is the shame of history to record. What was the precise character of the powers conferred upon O'Keilly has never yet been saiisHict/^irily de- termined. The King of Ffance, in writing to D'Abadie at the period of the cession, conceded thai tlic laws, forms, and usages of the colony would be preserved, but this does not app<'ar to have been inserted in the treaty of cession. O'Reilly, as soon as he was at ease in his government, made a proclamation to the peo|>ie, declaring himself empowered to oetablish that form of government, dependence, and subordination which shouhl accord with the good of his master's 403 LOUISIANA. eerriee and Ihe happiness of his aubjecte in the colony. The laws of Spain were now gradually extended over Louisiana, and in the end but liltle trace of French legislation remained. The transition, however, was not sudden, and little inconvenience resulted from it. When the American Eevolution had progressed, and Spain, in an endeavor to mediate between the contestants had failed, the Catholic king prepared himself for war. Galvez, governor of Ijouisiana, threw himsell" upon the British garrison at Baton Rouge, and captured it. An American minister was sent to Madrid to nego tiate a favorable treaty for his countrymen, and to obtain for them, if possible, the free navigation of the Mississippi to the sea. The treaties between Great Britain, France, and Spain, and the United States concluded in 1TS3, opened the navigation of the river, ceded the Fk»ridas to Spain, and bounded the possessions of the two countries by a line eastward of the 31st parallel on the Mississippi U i the Appalachieola River, through the middle of that river to its junction with the FUnt, from the Flint to the head of St. Mary's River, and down the St. Mary's to the Atlantic. These treaties VfQre soon followed by embarrassing disputes, in which the Spaniards laid claim to a large tract of counlry and an exclu- sive right- to the navigation of that portion of the Mississippi which passed through their territories, against both which claims Uie United SlJitt-s protested. It may be remarked tliat very little, if any, intercourse was tolerated by the Spaniards through the Mississippi, with the people of the United i^lrtt^-*3. Any attempt to navigate the river, or to introduce merchandise into New <.)rleans by boats was resisted and the property sti^ed. About the year 1TS7, General Wiilciuson, a revolutionary officer, conceived the design of making a settlement of American families in I^ouisiana, for which he expected to receive some commercial favors from the Spaniards. He descended the river to New Ork-aus with a small adventure of tobacco, flour, etc., and by an artifice, so worked upon the fears of Miro, the governor, that he was disposed to listen to the proposals of opening a traffic with the people of the Western Slates. Miro flattered himself that the result would be a division of the States of the Union, and that those westward of the Alleghauies would attach themselves to the interests of Spain. In 1733 the navigation of the Mississippi was conceded to the young West^ on condition of its forming an empire distinct from that of the Atlantic States. Tliat the people of the West entertained the project can not be denied, but on second thoughts reliurncd loyally to their country, and on the admission of Kentucky into the Union, the whole scheme of separation fell through. In IT'JO it was again attempted to procure from Spain the na^^galion of the Mississippi for the United States, also the island on which New Orleans is situate, and the Floridas. The propositions were not assented to, but five years after the American plenipotentiaries signed, at San Lorenzo, a treaty stipulation for the freedom of the river to their countrymen, and a freedom to use for ten years the City of New Orleans as a depflt for their merchandise. Spain had n^ sooner signed the treaty than she began to regret her hberahty. Her aUiance with France and the position of the United States, determined her by all means to hold on to the territory of Upper Louisiana, which she had agreed to cede. In vain the United States sent its officers to take possession of the ports and settlements — in vain the settlers protested against the delay. A magnificent scheme had been planned and was in progress, the design of .which was to prevent Louisiana forever from falling into the hands of the American government. The Baron de Carondolet endeavored to sound General Wilkinson on the subject, and to bring him over to the plan by flatteries and by the most liberal offers. Wilkinson, however, dismissed the messenger with an expression of views little favorable to the project that had been opened to him. The blame or innocence of the general on these premises is a canvassed subject, and need not be further mentioned in this connection. Nor need we here mention his connection with Burr on a future occasion, further than to state that whatever plans of aggrandizement either might have entertained were never brought to fruition, and are subjects now only interesting to the historical antiquary. The face of European affairs in May, 1T9S, influenced the American people to put on their armor. Washington was again appointed to the head of the army, and difficulties with regard to Louisiana, and consequent losses to the govern- ment, forced upon ail minds the absolute necessity for the acquisition of New Orleans, whatever might be the hazard. Louisiana, indeed, occupied an unenviable position at this time. She had been abandoned by France, and the French people had regarded the cession with regret and indignation, so much so, indeed, that on the breaking out of hostilities "With the Spaniards, Mens. Genet, the young and rash minister from France, employed himself, immediately after hia arrival, in devising and carrying out a comprehensive scheme for the invasion of Louisiana with troops and arms procured in the United States. How his course was denounced at Washington — how he appealed from the President to the people — and though his conduct was disowned by his own government, how that same government demanded the restoration of Louisiana to the French RepubUc, are matters of general history. In other respects was the position of Louisiana remark- able. The United States had long been reg:irding with jealousy the existence of a territ«)ry in the hands of a foreign power, capable of influencing the destiny of the great central valley. A plot had been laid, too, by an American citizen. Blount, then governor of Tennessee, the object of which was to throw down upon Louisiana, during the wars between England and Spain, in 1797, through the medium of the western waters, large numbers of British troops from Canada. The pl'>t was discovered, Blount degraded by the Senate, and the English Government exonerated from the charge of any knowledge of the proceedings. The eyes of Spain were not closed to the difficulties of her position. Bonaparte had by this time assumed the reins of government, and he cherished the idea of bringing back to the parent counlry a province ^ he conceived had been unnaturally severed from lier. His stiphisms soon prevailed over Spain; he represented "that Louisiana, restored to France, would be a bulwark for Mexico, and a security for the tranquillity of the Gulf." On the lat October, ISOi', was concluded the celebrated treaty of San lldefonso, and Louisiana again became a French colony. Bonaparte took immediate steps to enter upon his new possession. Gen. Vic^Jr was appointed Commissioner for accept- ing the transfer, and proclamations announcing the changed circumstances of the colony were issued. The Louisiauians prepareil an address in reply, in which they declaretl that the proclamations had filled the people with joy, and that they already felt the happiness of their reunion with their ancient nationality. Every thing, indeed, seemed favorable for the re-establishment of the French government in the i>rovince— and all was rejoicing and congratulation, when a vessel arrived at the levee from Bordeaux, and the news soon spread that the Corsiran had sold their counlry and themselves to the neighboring republic. The treaty of Paris, signed 13th April, ISt);^, had ceded Louisiana and all its appurtenances for- ever to the United States; and the United Stales had agreed to pay eii,on{),000 francs to discharge certain claims of their citizens on France. The difficulties which immediately followed the acquisition were perplexing; and even in the United States many there were who viewed the treaty as unconstitutional : but. like all difficulties, these came to an end, and the American flag waved over the city of New Orleans on the 20th December — llie same day having witnessed the descent <^f the Spanish ensign and the elevation of Ihe tri-color, the latter only having been raised to be re-placed by the stars and stripes. 40S LOUISIANA. The first act of' Governor Claiborne, on taking tbe chair of autliority, was to organize a judiciary, whicli be did by es- lablisliiiiji; a Court of Pleas, conslsling of seven justices. The Act of Congress, '20lh March, 1S04, established a icrrilorial government. Louisiana was divided into two sections, of which that now constitutinij the State of the same namo was to be known us tbe Territory of Orleans. The Act provided for a governor, apjtoinled f<>r three years, a secretary for fonr years, a legislative council of tbirteen freeholders, a judiciary, according to the n^gulationa of Ihe Legislative council, but to be appointed by the President. Tbe period that elapsed between the Act trf 1304 and tbe one of 2d March, IStio, which set up unotlier territorial goverinnent, was one of dissatisfaction to tlie people. They complained tliat the governor was unacijujtiuted with the language, tlieirlaws, and tl>eir interests, and that lie favored only his own countrymen, etc. On these Bubjects the citizens memorialized Congress. The council as established in the meanwhile passed several acts bearing upon the proper organization ot Uie territory, dividing it into 12 parishes or counties, with inferior courts in each, inslitut- ing modes of procedure, defining crimes, etc., cliartering the city, and establishing (on paper) a university. 'J'be effect of the dissatisfaction before alluded to produced the territorial act of 1S05, by which Congress set up a government in Louisiana similar to that of the Mississippi Territory, and provided for its admission into the Union when it should hui^ 60,000 inhabitants. This act gave to tbe people the election of a legislature, and to the legislature tbe election of a legis- lative councd or Upper House. Tbe first acts of the new government were tbe adoption of the "^ code Noir," or black code, for the government of the slaves, and the appointment of a commission to prepare a civil code b:ised upon the former laws of the country. The latter was completed in 180S, and embraced, besides tbe compilation of the old codes, many of the provisions of the "code Napoleon." Having settled these points, Louisiana was prepared to meet the position of things which was forced upon her in relation to Spain, and in the anxieties which arose in relation to boundaries, and the tipposing claims of the two nations, it is bkely that hostilities would have occurred, had not tbe intimation of a vast selienie on foot for the separalitm of the western country from tbe Union, at the bead of which was Aaron Burr, influenced Gen. "Wilkinson and tbe Americans to compromise matters with the Spaniards, and concentrate every thing to meet the threatened danger. The reports which reached Louisiana each day in relation to this plot were alarming : military preparations were being urged on all sides, and Burr himself, afler a reward offered for bis arrest, was taken at Fort Stoddard, and conveyed to Richmond. The conflicting claims of the United States and jfpain, to the strip of territory east of tbe Mississipjrt Kiver, and south of the 31st parallel to tbe Perdido River, were brought to sometliing like a crisis in ISIO, by the seizure of tbe Spanish post at Baton Rouge, the holding a convention at St. FraucisviUe, declaring their independence, and setting up a constitution, and, by a proclamation of the President, taking possession of the territory. Tbe event was peaceable, and the parishes of Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, St. Helena, St. Tammany. Biloxi, and Pascagoula were soon afler established. On the lltb February, isll, an act of Congress was passed to enable the inhabitants of Louisiana to form a constitution and State government, if the same should be the desire of the people, signified by the calling of a convention. This body being called, assembled at New Orleans, and ununimously signed a constitution baaed upon that of Kentucky, on the 22d Jannar>', 1S12. This constitution was superseded by that of 1S45, and another constitution, or a revision of the latter, is uow about to be voted on by the people. The share that Louisiana took in the war of 1S12, though signalized in history, is so familiar as to requu-e only n short notice. Wilkinson took possession of the country west of the Perdido, then in tbe occupation of Spain. The English eolonel, Nichols, arrived at Pcnsacola, and made proclamation to all Englishmen. Spaniards, and Frenchmen to join his standard, and resist tho encroachments of the United States. To the people of Kentucky this ofBeer proposed similar terms ; and to the privateer La Fitte and his followers at Barrataria, he was most prodigal in his offers. The overtures, says Marbois, were repelled with indignation, and the men who saw no degradation in enriching themselves by plunder, bad a horror of treason. The course of General Jackson, in relation to tbe Spaniards and English at Pensacola, ia &niiliar to all. An attack on New Orleans being now inevitable, the most extraordinary preparations were made to raise forces, and provide fortiti cations and armaments to meet tbe impeudiug danger. The city was all excitement "The people were preparing for battle, as if for a party of pleasure," says a historian, " the streets resounded with martial airs, sever.nl corps of militia were constantly e.Kercising, every bosom glowed with the feelings of national honor." The west was pouring down upon tbe city— martial law was proclaimed. Tbe battle of Now Orleans, of Stb January, 1S15, was fought and won to the high honor of Ihe American people, and the lasting laurels of the great man who commanded, and who. whatever his faults, is becoming every day more and more honored in the memory of his grateful and admiring countrymen. Tbe history of Ijouisiara, since she has become a State, has yet to be WTitttm. The uninterrupted prevalence of peace in our country takes away from this chapter those lively f.-atures which characterize anterior periods. Tlie records of revolution, of changing dynasties, of deeds of arms and high renown, are not presented here, and perhaps to the genera! reader the whole is a hopeless blank. But to those seeking higher views of individual good and national destiny, Ihe onward march of the arb* of peace, the extraordinary development of industiinl resources, the unmatched augmentation of population and wealth, the erection of an opulent State, with laws, government, and order, in a former French and Spanish province, are events wortliy of the highest efforts of the historian, replete with interest, and deserving of careftil study. Baton Koitge, on tho east hank of the Mississippi, has been the seat of government since the constitution of 1S45 went into effect, imtil which timo New Orleans was the State capital. LorisiANA, p. v., Pike co., Mo. : on the left bank of the Mississippi, about 2 m. below the mouth of Salt r., S2 m. N. E. Jefferson City. It has a good landing, and considerable river trade. It -contains several stores, warehouses, and lumber yards, and 1,340 inhabitants, of whom 130 are slaves. Two weekly papers are published, the " L. Weekly Record" (whig), and the " Democratic Banner." LoLTsviLT-E. p. o., Barbour co., Ala.: 8 m. E. of Pea r., S7 m. S. E. Montgomery. Louiavii.LR, p. v.. and cap. Jefferson CO., Oa. : a little E. of Ogeechec r., 54 m. E. by 9. Milleilgeville. It contains a coiut-bouse, formerly the Stale house, an academy, jail, and 404 200 inhabitants. Here the Legislature of the Statt* met fWim lS^r> to IS'JT, and here, on the 131h Febniary, 1790, the cel€»- hrated Yacoo Acts were burned. I^oinsvii.T.F, p. v., Clay co., /?/. ; on tho W. bank of Little Wabash r., and K. side of Twelve Mile I'rairic, i)i ra. 8. E. Springfield. LonaviLi.K, p. city, port of entry, and cap. JcfTerson eo., Ky. : on Ihe S. or left bank of the Ohio r.. at the he,it;i(e, and is the natural entrepfit of a large country, reaehed by several railroads and turnpikes. The lines of railroad diverging from this point (including those in procress) are the Lou^s^-ille and Lexinglnn Tt. K., which at Lexingtnn connects with railroads to the Gulf and Southern Atlantic ports, the Louisville and Covington II. R., which at th'" latter place meets the railroads of Ohio and tliose pointing to Boston, Kew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, IMchmond, etc., and the Louisville and Nashville K. R., pointing to the South, and the .Teffersonville R. R. gives it access lo the N. and N. W., ria Indianapnlis. A company has also been organized for the purpose of bridging the Ohio at Louisville. Hitherto the railroads have hadconiparativi-ly little influence on its trade; their benefits are in the future. Louisville was laid out as early as 1773, but no settlement was made for the subsequent five years, nor until nf\vr the expulsion of the British from their posts on the Wabash, The first block house was built in 177S, but this was sulise- quently removed to make way for Fort Nelson, erected in 1752. In 17S0 the town was established by art a^^t of the Legislature of Virginia. At this period the inhabitants nunitnted only thirty. In lS(tO the population amounted to 6itO: inlS!Otol,oOO; in ls20 to 4.000; in 1830 to 10,341 ; in ISiO to 51.210; and in 1S50 to 43.196. The city is built on a spacious sloping plane 70 feet above low water mark, and is laid out with regularity, the streets intersecting at right angles, in a direction with and from ihe river, on which are extensive wharves. Ten streets run parallel Mith the river, and thirty streets intersect them. It contains the County Court-liouse and a City Hall, both ex- tensive and handsome edifices, the county jail, (he city prison, a marine hospital, and numerous benevolent institu- tions, the University of Louisville, a Scliool of Medicine, and a L;iw School, departments of the University, and two banks anil one branch bank, two savings banks, several insurance companies, etc. It is liberally supplied with churches and schools, some of the church buildings being flni' specimeus of architecture. Louisville may proudly claim a i)r*-eminence both as to the early foundativm, the progress and the present condition of its public schools, and within the limits of the city there are besides many private .•md church schools, which would compare well with the Iiest eastward of the mountains. It has orphan asylums and a Magd;Uen retreat, a school for the blind, a pulilic hos- pital, and many other liberally supported establishments, designed to relieve the unfortunate of the city. The streets are lighted with gas, and it is supplied with excellent water: both accommodations by companies. Its hotels, are spa- cious and fitted with every convenience, and il.s markets about\d in all esculent products, for which the vicinity is fara«- cotton and woolen facto- ries, tobacco factories, flouring mills, distilleries, breweries, agricultural implement factories, and numerous other estab- lishments, small and large, which in the aggregate con- stiluieavast industry. Louisville is also extensively engaged in ship-building, and in the year ending 30th June, 1850, no less than S4 steamers, of 6.460 tons, were built in the district. The shipping owned at the period specified amount- ed to 14,820 tons, all navigated by steam and employed in the river trade. As a cf>mmercial and shipping point, Louisville is the thini in importance on the Ohio. Ita immediate trade ex- tends into all the surrounding country, and embraces, within the State of Kentucky, a circuit of the most pro- ductive region in the world. Its wharves are at all times thronged by steamboats and other river craft, carrj-ing to and fro a merchandise in amount inferior only to that com- ing to and going from Cincinnati and Pittsburg. The value of its commerce has been estimated at $70,000,000 per an- num. Its exports consist chiefly of tobacco, bagging, rope and cordage, spirits, pork, flax and hemp, live-stock, ma- chinery for steamboats and railroads, factories, mills, and farms, and a great amount of groceries and assorted goods, which are carried to every river-town, or to the sea-board for exportation ; and its exports comprise everj' article and prt>duet needed in its interior commercial range. In the year l>o0 its chief imjiorts were as follows: Sugar, 13,820 hh-is., 9,200 bis., and 755 Iwxes : molasses, 13.010 bis. ; cofiee, 34,572 hags ; rice, 752 tierces ; bagging, 65,250 pieces ; rope, 56,300 coils; twine, 2,056 bales; hemp, 15,354 bales; cotton, 7,sr>7 Ixiles; cheese, 2ii,37S boxes; flour, 75,350 bis. ; whisky, 39.897 bis. ; liquors and wines, 5,988 casks ; nails, 4,5.261 kegs ; tobacco, 7,425 hhds. and 6,530 boxes ; sall^Kanawlia, 112,250 bis.; Turks Island, 40,525 bags; and Liverpool, 10,350 bags ; merchandise, 105,750 boxes, bales, and pkgs. ; drugs, dyes, etc., 14,378 pkgs. ; hides, 18.891 dozen ; mer- chandise, 5,132 crates and casks ; hogs for slaughter, 197,750 ; pork, 75,500 bis., etc. In addition to this quantity of pork, there are annually received thousands of tons of bacon by wagon, etc., which is packed in this city in casks, and largely exported. The detail rif the exports can not well be ascer- taiiu'd, as no record whatever has been kept of them ; but some (-stimate may be formed as to their amount from the foregoing. Steam -packets, carrying the mail and passen- gers, come and go several times daily. It is estimalal that at least 10 steamboats leave the port daily, and also from 6 to 7 packet.s. The following statistical information is from Mr. Casse- day's History of Louisville: " Lfmisville eontains 25 exclu- sively wholesale dry goods houses, whose saU^ are made only to dciik-rs, and whoso market reaches from Northern Louisiana to Northern Kentucky, and embracer a large pari of the States of Kentucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Alabama, IlIinoi.s. Mississippi, and Arkansas. The aggregate amount of annual sales by these houses is $5,853,000, or an average 405 LOU of $2*4,000 to each house. The sales of three of (he largest of these houses amount in the ao:grofrate to $1.7S9.O00. Nei- ther this statement nor those which follow include any auc- tion sales. In boots and shoes, (he sales of eight houses of the above description reach $1,184,000, or $1*^,000 to each house. The sales of the three largest houses in this business reach $080,000. The aggregate amount of eight houses In drugs, etc.. is $1,123,000, or $]4n,;i75 to each house ; and the sales of the three largest houses amount to $753,000. The sales of hardware by nine houses amount annually to $590,000, being an average of $Go.r)55 lo each house. The sales of saddlery reach $9S0,O00, of which nearly one-half Is of domestic manufacture. The sales of hats and caps, necessarily including sales at rd^iil, amount to $6S3.000. The sales of queens-ware, less reliably taken, reach $265,000. There are thirty-nine wholcs:iIe grocery houses, whose ag- gregate sales reach $10,(i'2.%400, which gives an average of $272,400 each.'' The amount of imports, before given, will perhaps afford a better idea of this business than these figures, and hence are referred to. The following recapitu- latory table will enable the reader to see at a glance all that has just been stated : l>escri(0it.(W)O eo.-^^o Queens-ware 6 205,000 44.166 Hata,Caps,F's.etc. S 6s;i.ooo 85.375 Total 103 $2o;321,400 $197,295 Louisville was named by the Virginia Legislature after Louis XVI. of France, in commemoration of his alliance with the great Republic ot the West, then just rising from its probationary condition ofcoio?iial dependence. LoL'isvii.LE, p. v., and cap. Winston eo.. 3/m. .* S3 m. N. E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail. 3 academies, several large stores, and 400 inhabitants. The"L. Tele- graph" is pulilislied weekly. Louisville, p. o., Lincoln co., Mo. : 64 m. N. E. Jeffer- son City. Louisville, t. and p. v., St Lawrence co., N'. T. : on the 8t Lawrence, 169 m. N. N. W. Albany. Drained by Grasse river. Surface undulating; soil fertile loam, lying upon limestone. Agriculture is the leading interest. The v. lies on Grasse r., and contains a bank and several stores. Pop. of t. 2.054. LouL-^viLLE, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio: 104 m. N. E. byE. Columbus. It is on the Ohio and Pennsylvatiia R. E., 12 m. from Alliance. LoinsvaLK, sta.. Liolcing co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. I!.. 7 m. from Newurk. Louisville, p. v., Blount co., Tenn.: on the S. or left bank of Tennessee r., 154 m. E. by S. Nashville, Louisville Landing, p. v., St. Lawrence co., -Al T. : on the bank of St. Lawrence r., 172 m. N. N. W. Albany. LouTUR Island, p. o., Montgomery eo,, ^Fo, : near the entrance of Loutre r. into the Missouri, 41 m. E. by N. Jef- ferson City. Lovelace, p. o., Wilkes co., K Car. : 163 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. LovELACKTiLLE, p. o., Ballard co., Ky,: 242 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. LovELADT, p. o., Caldwell co., jV. Car. : 158 m. W. by N. Raleigh. LovELAND, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : S2 m. N. W. by N* Harrisburg. LovEi-AND, p. V. and sta.. Clermont county, Ohio: 82 m. 8. W. by \V. Columbus. The sta. is 27 m. from Cincinnati, by the Little Miami R. T;.,and from this point the Cincinnati, Hillsboro'. and Parkersburg R. R. diverges. 406 low LoTELiA, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 77 m. W, S. W. lowB City. LovELL, t and p. o.. Oxford co., 3fe. : 67 m. W. S. W. Augusta. It contains a large, and many small ponds, send- ing out branches of Saco r., on one of which is a curious fall, of 40 feet perpendicular descent. Soil very fertile, and water-power and timber abundant. Pop. 1,196. Lovely Mount p. o., Montgomery co., Virff. : near New river, 167 m. W. byS. Richmond. Love's Mills, p. o., Washington county, V^irg. : 235 miles W. by S. Richmond. Love's, sta., Baltimore co., 3fd. : on the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 20 m. N. of Baltimore. LovE-rreviLLE p. v., Loudon county, Vlrff. : 114 miles N. Richmond. . LoTETTS, p. o,, Adams county, Ohio : 7S miles S. by W. Columbus. LovE^^LLE, p. v., New Castle co., Pel. : 39 m. N. Dover. LoviNGSTON, p. v.. and cap. Nelson conntj-, M^rg. : 76 m. W. by N. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. LoviNGTON, p. v., Moultrie co., lU. : 46 m. E. Springfield. Lowell, p. o., Randolph co., Ga. : on Patoula cr. near its entrance into Chattahoochee river, 149 miles S. W. Milled geville. Lowell, p. v., Henry CO., la. : on the left bank of Skonk river, 57 m. S. Iowa City. Lowell, p. o., Johnson co., K Car. : 26 m. S. E. Raleigh. Lowell, t. and p. o.. Penobscot co., Me. : 91 m. N. E. Augusta. A large pond lies on the N., and Passadumkeag river flows'tlirough the S. into the Penobscot, turning sev- eral lumber-milK Lmnbering is the principal occupation. Pop. S7S. Lowell, t., p. city, and one of the caps. Middlesex co., ?/a.s-«. .• 24 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by Concord r., which falls into the Merrimac in the N. E. part of the town. Low- ell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S26, and embraces also some territory and the v. of Belvidere, E. of Concord r., formerly belonging to Tewksbury. The city lies at the con- fluence of the Concord, in lat. 42° SS' 46" N., and long. 71^ 19' 02" W. It is this city which, from the amount, va- riety, and character of its manufactures, has been appro- priately designated the "Manchester of America.'* Few other places in the Union have sustained no rapid a growth. In 1S20 scarely 200 inhabitants were found within its limits, nor was it until 18*21 that the site was chosen whereon to establish a manufacturing community. In the next suc- ceeding year the Merrimac Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $1.50'),000, was established, and their first mill went into operation in 1S23. From these small beginnings the city has risen to its present eminence and world-wide celel)rity. In thirty years what a change ! In 1S50 it had ten manufacturing companies making cot- ton or woolen goods, and two other companies— one bleach- ing and the other owning the machine shop, and the aggregate condition of the establishments of each at that period was as follows: ComnnnicM ^Vlien Compnny No. No. of No, of Hands Einp, Lompnnie,. ^^^^^.^ c„,,/t..l. Mills. SpindV Looms. M. F. Mer. M.anf. C0.1S23 $2,,500.000 6 69.440 2,103 645 1,614 Ham. Maf. Co. 1S25 1,200,000 4 33.416 1.124 325 S40 Appleton Co. 1823 &I0.000 3 17.920 600 120 400 Low. Manf. Co. 1S28 1,500,000 ^ 11.362 154 226 550 Mid.Ilesex Co. 1S32 1,000,000 4 16.340 403 675 780 Suf. Manf. Co. 1S32 600,0ii0 3 17.523 590 100 400 Tretnont Mills 1S32 600.000 2 14.560 557 100 4O0 Law. Manf Co. 18.^3 1,500,000 5 44,800 1,882 200 1,200 Low. Bleach'y 1S32 26.'.400 - — — 200 2D BooltCot.Mil!9]?36 1,200,000 5 49,434 1,432 262 870 Mass.Cot.MiIlslS40 1,800,000 6 45,720 1,556 250 1,250 Low.Mach.Sh. 1S45 600,000 - — — 700 — Total $18,862,400 40 825,520 9,90G 3,702 8,274 LOW LOW Id the ten cotton and woolen establishments, consisting of forty mills, the weekly consumption of cotton was 705,4Ut» pounds, and of wool 69,000 pounds ; and the number of yards of fabric produced was 2,135,477, of which 1,190,000 yards were cotton, 20.477 woolen, 15,000 carpeting, and 40 rugs. In the dyeing and bleach works the goods finished per week amounled to 9,SS9,000 yards. In these manufac- tures tho consumption of coal was annually 23,520 tons, of charcoal 34,993 bushels, of wood 2,270 cords, of oil 107,577 gallons, of starch 1,390,000 pounds, and nf flour 1,040 bar- rels. The whole of these estaldishments are warmed by steam and lighted with gas. The average wages of females, clear of board, is $2 per week, and the average wages of men, clear of board. SO cents a day. Medium produce of a loom, No. 14 yam, is 45 yards a day, and of No. SO yam, 33 yards — average per spindle, 1^ yard a day. The Middlesex Company also own the Wameset Carpet Mill on Concord liiver, where are consumed annually 93,600 pounds coarse Tvool and 36,400 pounds of worsted yarn, producing annu- ally 91,000 yards of ingrain carpeting. Other manufactures are produced in the cily than those specified above, of a value of $1,500,000, employing a capital of $400,000, and about 1,500 hands, and embracing several difftrent handi- craHs — powder-mills, paper-mills, batting-mills, a foundery, a planing-mill, etc., owned by individuals. Tho Lowell Machine Shop, included among the establishments noted in the table, can furnish machinery complete for a mill of 6,000 spindles in three months, and a mill can be built in the same time. The association called " The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimac Eiver," are the principal owners of the water-power at Lowell. This company was organ- ized 1792, for the construction of a canal from the head of Pawtuckt-t Falls, in Merrimac Kiver, to Concord River, and open a passage for boats and rafts. This canal is 1^ m. long, 60 feet wide, and 6 or S deep, and is still used to some extent for its original purpose; but the company's revenue chiefly consists of rents for supplying water-power to the several mills. In 1S47 this canal was found to be insuffi- cient for the increasing wants of the community, and the company constracted a new canal of greater capacity; this l3 a mile long, and 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, and for solidity of workmanship and completeness in its arrange- ments, is unsurpassed by any like work In the Union. The facilities thus created have been the means of building up the important manufactures which distinguish the jtlace, and place it so far ahead of all other manulacluring centres. Lowell, as a city, is regularly planned, and has many im- portant public buildings and institutions. The Court-house, City Hall, Market-bouse, Hospital, Mechanics' Hall, etc., are edifices worthy the greatness of the place. The Me- chanics' Hail was erected by an association of mechanics in lS4o, and is a splendid building, with philosophical ap- paratus and a mineralogical museum, and lectures on sci- entific and literary subjects are delivered in it at stated periods. The library, containing about 7,000 volumes, is open to all at a charge of 50 cents a year. The Hospital was erected in 1S39 by the several companies, for the con- venience and comfort of persons employed by them re- epectively when sick, and is under the superintendence of an able surgeon and physician. Among the institutions of Lowell, perhaps none speak more loudly of a moral community than its two savings in- Btitutiona— the Lowell and the City. The Lowt-U had on deposit the first i^aturday of November, 1850, from 4,609 depositors $736,62S 12 ; and the City, from 615 depositors 175,970 51. The operatives in the mills are the principal depositors in these institutions. For business purposes Lowell has four banks. The churches of the city are many of them neat and sulv stantial edifices, and are twenty-three in nuinlier. including eoctariea of every denomination. These are well attended by the young people employed in the mills. Schools are also amply provided for. The appropriation for the pur- poses of education in 1S50 was $43,000, which goes toward the support of the City High School, 10 granunar schools, and 46 primary schools. The total expenditure of the city in the same year was $178,614- The public press of Lowell consists of one daily, two tri-weekly, three weeklies, and two monthly publications. The daily is the " L. Journal'*' (wliig), witich has also a weekly edition ; the tri-weeUJies are the " L. Advertiser" (whig), and '•' L. American" (dein.), the latter of which issues also a weekly edition; the weeklies are the *' Patriot and Republican" (dem.), tho " Vox Pop- nli," and the "Business Directory;'' and the moutlUics, the "New England Off"t-Ting," and the "Insurance Intelli- gencer." The " Offering" was originally written and edited by the ladies attached to the factories, and was one of the best edited periodicals of the State, reflecting credit alike on the fair editors themselves and the institutions which could furnish education sufficiently extended to fit them for such occupations. A reservoir of great capacity has been built on tho high grouud in Belvidere, east of the city, for the purpose of furnishing a ready supply of water to any part of the city in cases of fire. The water is conveyed into the reservoir by force-pumps from the Lowell Machine Shrrp. Pipes are laid from the reservoir to various i»arls of the city, at which points hose can be attached to the hydrants without delay, when necessary. The railroads diverging from Lowell are the Salom and Lowell R. E., the Boston and Lowell R. R., tho Nashua and Lowell R. E., and the Lowell and Lawrence K. K. ; and these connect it with the sea-board and interior, and make it a great centre of transportation and I'lcal trade. The population of Lowell in 1830, was 6,474 ; in 1S40, 20,796, and in 1850, 38,383, being an increase from 1830 to 1S40 of 221.22 per cent., and from 1S40 to 1850, 6052 pur cent. The present (1853) population can not be less than 40,000. Lowell, t and p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 33 m. N. E. by E. Madison. Drained by Beaver dam (or CrawtiKh) r., the W. branch of Rock r. and its branches. Soil superior for graaa growing. Pop. 834. Lowell, p. o., Oneida co., .Al Y. Lowell, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the left bank of Muskingum r., 83 m. E. by S. Columbus. Lowell, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Venn. : 3S m. N. by E. Montpelicr. Mississippi r. rises in the 9., and furnishea water-power. Surface somewhat rugged, but soil mostly fertile and productive. Pop, 637. Lowell, p. v., La Salle county. III : on the W. side of Vermillion r.. lu9 m. N. by E. Springfield. Here are con- siderable falls in the river, and extensive mills. LowELLTiLLE, p. V., Mahonjug CO., Ohio : on the left bank of Mahoning r., 143 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Lower IJartlf.tt, p. v., Coos co., 2^. Hump. : on Saco r., 61 m. N. N. E. Concord. Lower Bern, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 48 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Lower CnANOEFORn, t. and p. o.. York co., Pen n. : 3S m. 8. E llarrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it E., and Muddy cr., which furnishes good water-power, on the S. and W. Surface varied, and soil very productive. The Tidewater Canal passes tlirough it along the Susquehanna. Lower CoLL'MiJiA, p. o., Coos co., iV". Ramp.: 106 m. N. byW. Concord. Low-F.R OiLMANTON, p. 0., Bclkuap CO., K. Samp. ; 13 m. N. E. Concord. Lower Lawrence, p. v., Washington co., 0?do: 92 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Lower Mafiantango, t. and p. o., Schuylkill county, Penn.: 29 m. N. E. llarrisburg. Drained by Deep and Swalara creeks, on which are large saw-mills. Surface mountainous ; soil in the valleys very fertile. Anthracite 407 LOW LUC cf>al is lurgL'Iy fouuJ uiul couveyed east and we^st by rail- roads. Lower Marlboeough, p. v., Calvert co,, Md.: on the E. aide of Taliixeiit r., 24 m. S. S. W. Anmiijolls. Lower Mejuon, t and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on the W, side t.f Ihe Schuylkill, 86 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained Ity Mill and Cobb's creeks, and wtll supplied wilh water-power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil a highly cultivated loam. It ia extensively engaged in manufacturing cotton mid woolen goods, paper, etc. The Columbia and Philaaeli)Iiia K. E. and riiiUidelphia and Heading li. E. pass through it. LowEK Newport, p. v., Washingtou co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 95 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Lower Peacu Teee, p. v., Wilcox co., AUt.: on right bank of Alabama r., "G m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Here ifi a good lauding, several stores, and '2-iO irdiabitauls. Lowek Salem, p. v., Washington county, Ohio : 86 m. E. by S. Culumbus. Lower Saucon, t and p. o., Northampton co., Pemi. : on the S. side of Lehigh r., S^ m. E. by N. Uarrisburg. Drain- ed by Saucon cr., and well furnislied with mill privileges. Surface hilly, and soil adapted to grass or grain. Two bridges cross the Lehigh, along which the Lehigh Kaviga- tlon Canal passes. Lower SyuASKusi, p. v., Monmouth co., K. Jet'.: 3-i m. E. S. E. Trenton. Lower Three Runs, p. o., Barnwell (list, S. Car. : on a branch of Savannah r,, 06 m. S. S. W. C 'unibia. Lower Waterford, p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. ; near the Connecticut r., 32 m. E. by N. Montpelier. LowEBY,p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: S. W. Columbia. LowETiLLE, p. o., Meriwether county, Get. : 97 m. W. MiUedgeville. Low Hampton, p. v., Washington co., K, Y. : 51 m. N. N. E. Albany. It is near the llutland and Washington E ail road. LowiuLL, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam and mostly productive. It has considerable trade in lumber, and several small manufactories. Lowndes county, Ala. Situate S. centrally, and contains 869 gq. m. Drained by Pintida, Big Swamp, and Mask creeks, affluents of the Alabama, which is its N. boundary. Surface rolling or gently uneven ; soil of average fertility. Cotton and corn are the leading crops. Swine arc fed in great numbers, and the export of pork is very large. It has several mill streams, and a good growth of pine forest. Farms S74; mamif. 3; dwell. 1,354, and pop.— wh. 7,'25S, fr. col. 8, si. 14,649— total 21,915. Capital: Haynesville. Piiblic Works: Montgomery and Mobile Eailroad (pro- jected). Lowndes county, Ga. Situate 8., and contains about 1,650 sq. m. Drained by AJIapah-aw r., its E. boundary, Withlacoochee, Little, and New rivers, all branches of the Suwanee, which flows into Uic Gulf Surface level or undu- lating ; soil various— in parts very fertile, in parts sandy bar- rens. It is generally well wooded, and has some excellent timber near the rivers. Cotton, corn, buckwheat, and potatoes produce largely, but the great business Is raising catUe and swine. Live-stock, beef, butter, and pork are the exports. It is on the S. line, and the State boundar}- is in dispute with Florida. Farms 049; manuf. 2; dwell. 932, and pop.— wh. 5,S45, fV. col. 22, si. 2,4S4— total S,351. Capi- tal: Troupsville. Puhlic Works: Brunswick and Florida E. K. and Albany Branch E. E. Lowndes county. Miss. Situate N. E., and contains 5S9 Bq. m. Drained by Little Tombigbee r. and its numerous branches. Surface undulating, and somewliat uneven; soil very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and it is one of the largest c<»tton-growing counties in the State. Corn yields a good crop, and some parts grow wheat. It has flue water- power and extensive and rapidly ini-reasing manufactures. 4U8 Lying at the head of navigation on the Tombigbee, it has easy access to market, and is the outlet for a large district Farms T25; manuf. 63; dwell. 1,1GS, and pop.— wh. 6.528, fr. col. 2S, el. 12.993- total 19,544. Capital : CuUuubus. Lowndes, p. o., Wayne county. Mo.: 137 m. S. E. I Jefferson City. Ix)WNDESBOROuGn, p. o., Lowodes county., -^?a. ; IS m. W. by S. Montgomery. LowNDEsviLLE, p. o., Abbevillc dist, S. Car. : about 5 m. E. of Savannah r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia, Low I'oiNT. p. v., Woodford co., lU.: 71 ra. N. by E. Springfield. Pop. 140. Low Point, sta.. Duchess co., K.- Y. : on the lefl bank of the Hudson, 11 m. S.of Poughkeepsie by the Hudson Kiver E. R. Here is a ferry to Newbiu"g on the W. side, and a convenient lauding for vessels and al*jamboats, with several large warehouses. Lowrance's Mill, p. o., Lincoln co., J^. Car.: 113 m. W. by S. Ealcigb. LowRY, p. 0., Athens co., Ohio: 81 m. S. E. by E. Columbus. Lowry's Crossing, sta., Bedford co., Vit-g.: 19 m. W. of Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee E. E. Lowryville, p. Y., Madiaou co., HI. : 6S m. S. by W. Springfield. Lowryville, p. t., Uardin co., Ten7i. : 102 m. S. W. Nashville. Low's CoRNTu, p. o., Sullivan county, ^ Y.: Si m. S. W. by S. Albany. LowTTLLE, t and p. v., Lewis co., 2f. Y. : 122 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., which turn many saw and grist mills. Surface rolling; soil very fertUe, especially in the E. on Black r. A superior farming t, well timbered. The v. is near Black r., and contains a bank, an incorporated academy, a dozen stores, several mills, and Shju inhabitants. Two weekly papers are published, the "L. County EepubUcan" (dem.), and "Northern Journal" (whig). Pop. of t 2,377. Low\TLLE, t and p. o., Columbia ca, Wise: 24 m. N. by E. Madison. Surface slightly broken, aud eoii tine grain land. Pop. 297. Loydsville, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 103 ra. E. by N. Columbus. Loy's Cross Eoads, p. o., Anderson co,, Tenn. : 154 m. E. NashviUe. LuBEc, t and p. v., Washington co., Me. : at the W. en- trance of Passamaquoddy Bay, 146 m. E. N. E. Augusta ; soil fertile. The chief interests are commerce and the flsheries, aud centre in the v., which occupies a point of land extend- ing into the harbor, 3 m. from Eastport The h;irbor is of easy access, admits vessels of any size, and is well protected by Grau'l Menan and Campobello islands. On the most E. point of the I. is W. Quoddy Head light-house. An extea- fflve coasting trade is carried on, and cod and mackerel Ash- ing largely followed. Pop. of t 3.S14. LuBEO Mills, p. o., Washington co., Me. : 141 m. E. N. E. Augusta. LroAs county, la. Situate S. middle, and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Fox cr. and Chariton r. of the Missouri, and White Breast Eiver, and other branches of the Des Moines. Surface rolling, and soil fertile, adapted to grass or grain, and generally timbered, with a sufficiency of mill-seats. Little settled. Farms 32; manuf. 0; dwell. 92, and pop.— wh. 471, and flr. ooL 0— total, 471. QapUal: Polk. Lucas county, Ohio. Situate N. W., and contains 332 sq. m. Dr.-iined by Ottawa and Mauraee rivers, and Swan cr.. emptying into Maumee Bay. the W. end of Lake Erie, which is the E. boundary of the county. Surface generally even, and soil mostly fertile. Wheat, com, oats, and bar- ley grow easily and produce well. It is a good grazing co, and rears many caltlo, and exports much pork. Water- power is abundant aud ii< manufactures, already large, are LUC LUZ growing; rapidly. It has considerable lake-trade, and is the great thorou-^hfaro for Vi. travrl and freighl, by water and hiud routes. Farms 6S3 ; manuf. lol ; dwcU. 2."22r), and pop.— wli. 12,223, fr. co!. 140— total 12;363. Capikil: Maiunee City. Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal; Erie and Kalamazoo R. K., etc. Lucas, p. c, Eiehland county, Ohio: GQ m. N. by E. Columbus. Lucas%t:lle, p. v., Soioto co., Ohio: on the left bank of Boiolo r.. 73 m. S. Columbus. LucEBNE, p. c, Washtenau co., Mic?t, : 51 m. 8. E. Lansing. LtiCEiuiE, p. 0.. Knox co., Ohin: 47 m. N. E. Columbus. LuciNi>\ Fup.NAOn, p. o., Crdrion co., Peiiri.: US m. "W. N. Vf. Uarrisburg. Ilere is a charcoal furnace of 1,500 tons annual capacity. Lucky Hit, p. o., Limestone co., Ala.: 17G m. N. by W. Montgomery. LuDA, p. 0., Washita co., Ark.: 81 m. S. S. W. Little Eocb. Ludlow, t and p. v., Hampden county, Mass. : 73 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Chicopce r. and its branches, whioh atTord gy the Rutland and Burlington K. R. from Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. 2,063. LuDLowTiLLE, p. V., Tompkitts CO.. y. y. : on Salmon cr., near the E. side of Cayuga Lake, 14G nL W. Alljaiiy. The cr. has a very large fall here, and in the v. are 6 or 8 mills, and 600 inhabitants. Lumber Bridge, p. o., Robeson co., 2^. Cur.: 85 nx. 8. by W. RaU-igh, LuMOEE City, p. o., Telfair co., Ga. : near the confluence of Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers, 89 m. S. by E. Mil- ledge ville. LuMBERLAND, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., K. Y.: On Delaware r., 96 ni. S. W. by 8. Albany. Drained by Motigaup r. and other branches of the Delaware, on which are great numbers of large saw-mills. Surfice hilly, and soil gravelly loam, and densely covered with pine and oak timber. The soil is little tilled, but lumber, which is exported by the r. and canal in immense quantities, and leather, arc products of great value. The Delaware and Hudson Canal passes along the r. in the S., crossing it at the mouth of Lackawaxen cr., and the Erie R. R. enters ihc t. Bome miles above from the Pennsylvania side. Pop. 2,035. LuMBERPORT, p. o., Harrisou county, Tirg. : 203 m. N. W. by W. Pvichmond. Lumber River, sta, Horry district, S. Car. : on the Wilmuiglon and Manchester R. R.. 72 ni. from Wilmington. Lu.MBERTox, p. v., and cap. Robeson co,, A''. Car. ; on the E. bank of Lumber r., S3 m. 8. by W. Raleigh. It contains a court-house and several stores, and is engaged in the lurjjenline and lumber trade. LuMBERTox, p. o., Clintou county, Ohio: 65 m. 3. W. Columbus. LuMBERTOx, p. v., Eurllngton co., y. Jer. : 19 m. S. by W. Trenton. LuMBEKviLLE. p. V., Bucks CO., Phui. : on the right bank of Delaware r., 96 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes Ihrougii it, 27 m. S. of Easton. LuMi'KiN county, Ga. Situate N., and contains 546 sq. m. Drained by Chestatie r., a branch of the Challaboochce, and Etowah r. of the Coosa, heads of the Alabama and Appa- lachicola respectively. Surface rugged and mountainous, with beautit'id fertile valleys on the streams, Curn and pnrk are the staples. It has some excellent grazing and good dairies, aud raises fine wheat in small 'iiiatiiiiies. It La in the heart of the gold region, and has the richest mines E. of the Mississippi, and a branch mint at its ea]>ital. Farms 598; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,381, and p. sq. m. It has Nottoway r. on the N.. and Meherrin r- on the S., which form the Chowan, aud is drained by their branches. Surface diversified agreeably, with s-inie con- siderable hills; soil of good fertility, yielding i;ri':it i-rops of tobacco, whieb is the staple product, and l:iir,croi>s of com and wheat. It has many mill-streams and small manu- factories. Farms 54S; manuf. 13; dwell, s-jn, and pop.— wh. 4,310, fr. col. 105, sL 7,187- total 11,692. Capital: Lunenburg C- H. Lunenburg C. H., p. v., and cap. Lunenburg co., Virg.: 61 m. S. W. Richmond. It contains a briek covirl-Jiouse, jail, and clerk's office, and 150 inhabitants. LuNENHUR0,t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mnxa.: 39 m. W. N. W. r.oston. Drained by branches of Nashua r., which are fed by three large ponds. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil clayey and adhesive, and gener:illy productive. Fanning and gnuing are the leading pursuits, but it manu- factures boots and shoes, leather, cabinet-ware, aiul agricul- tural implements, etc., in small amounts. The Fitchburg R. R. passes through the S. part, aud has a sta. there S m. E. of Filchburg, Pop of 1. 1.249. Lunenburg, t and p. o., Essex co., n>v». ; on Connec- ticut r., 45 m. E. by N. Montpelier. It lies immrdiately above the Fifteen Mile Falls on that r.,and is well furnislied with water-power by Neal's and Caibow branches. Surface uneven autl soil very stony, but mostly fine psisturc. Cattle and dair>- products are the chief exports. Vo\>. 1,1'_*4. LuNEv's Ceeek, p. 0., Hardy county, Virg. : 161 m. N. W. Richmond. Llrav, p. v., Henry county, Jnd.: 44 mdes E. N. E. Indianapolis. Lueav, v., Licking co., Ohio : on the S. braiirh < if Licking river, 23 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 83. LuRAY, p. v., and cap. Page co., Xlrg. : on a branch of Shenandoah r., 88 in. X. W. by N. Richmond. It contains a court-house, several stores, and 500 inhabilauts. LuTiiERSBURG, p. V., Clearfield county. I'-i'ii.: 113 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Limestone is quarried mar it, LuTiiERSviLLE, p. o., McriwcUicr co., Ga. : 97 m.AV. by N. MiUedgeville. Luzerne county, Penn. "Situate N. E., and contains 1,265 sq. m. Bounded S. E. by Lehigh r., and W. by the Susquehanna, and drained by its numerous branches, the largest, Lackawanna r., and its affluents, draining tbe N. half. Surface much diversified, in parts rngi,'cd and br'ken, with lovely valle.vs; soil generally very iVrtile: p.arts are untillable. Oats, corn, wheat, buckwheat, r\e, and potatoes are all flno crops, and produce largely. It is a fine grazing region, and feeds great numbers of sheep, ami markets much live-stock, beef, and pork. Anthracite ctjal abounds, aud f'irms a valuable exporL It has great facilities for manufaeturt's, whi<-h are very largely prosecuted, esp -cially of flour, iron, iron-ware, and" lumber. Farms 1.936; manuf. 175 ; dwell. 9,5S7, and pop.— wh. 65,699, fr. col. 373— 4U9 LUZ LYN total 56,072. Capital: Wilkesbarre. PitUic Works: Lackawaima ami Western R. R. ; Cobb's Gap E. R. ; Pennsylvania Coal Co. R. R. ; North Branch Division of Pennsylvania Canal, etc. LtzERN K, t. and p. v., Warren co., N.Y.:Z(j m. N. Albany. Bounded W. and S. by Uud3ou river, on whieh are Iladley and other large falls. Surface very hilly in the E. ; on the Hudson level bottom of ffreal fertility. Lumber is the chief product. The v. is on the r., and contains several miUs and 800 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,300. Lycoming counly, Penn. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 927 sq. m. Drained by W. branch of the Susquehanna, and I'ine, Lycoming:, Lycosock, and Muncy creeks, ita afflu- ents. Surface broken and mountainous in the middle ; more even, though hilly, in the N. and S. parts. Soil of great fer- tility, especially on the streams, in its numerous valleys. Wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye, oats, and potatoes are the staples, all growing excellent crops of superior quality. It is eminently a grazing co., pasturing large numbers of cattle and sheep, with fine dairies and valuable exports of butter, cheese, wool, and pork. Water-power it has in abundance, and superior timber. Its manufactures are varied, extensive, and employ a large capital. Iron, flour, lumber, leather, liquors, and woolen goods are made. Farms 1,561 ; manuf. 232; dwell. 4,5S6, and pop.— wh. 25,890, fr. col. 367— total 26,257. Cajntal: Williamsport, Publie TForArs .' Penn- sylvania Canal ; Williamsport and Elmira R. R. Lycoming Creek, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn. : 73 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. L-i-ELL's Stcke. P.O., Richmond county, Virg.: 44 m. E. N. E. Richmond. Lyman, t. and p. o., York co., Mp. : 14 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Saco r. and Kennebunk, r., which rises in a pond near its centre. Surface somewhat uneven, and soil fertile and well cultivated. The York and Cumberland R. K, passes near the N. comer. Pop. 1,376. Lyman, t. and p. v., Grafton co., 2^. Ifamp. : on the Con- necticut river, 73 m. N. N. W. Concord. Drained E. by branches of Ammonoosuc river. Surface uneven, but not mountainous. Soil generally productive, and good pjislure land. The v. is on the Connecticut, which has several falls, and is crossed by a ferry. Pop. of 1. 1,442. Lyman Centre, p. v., York co., Me. : 76 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. Lymansville, p. v., Potter CO., Penn. : 119 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg. Lyme, t and p. v.. New London co.. Conn. : at the month of the Connecticut, on the E. side, 39 m. S. S. E. Hartford. Drained by Blackball and Four Mile rivers, and other small streams flowing into the river and Sound. Surface in the 8. mostly level, with extensive salt meadows ; in the N. broken and stony, with much excellent pasture. Farming and grazing are leading interests, and wool a considerable export. Small factories of cotton and woolen goods are opcratcil on the streams, and the indentations of the coast afford several harbors and give it facilities for commerce. The village is a wide street, lined with fine farm-houses, half a mile E. of the river, and has a landing for steam- boats and a ferry to Saybrook;, The New Haven and New London R. R. crosses the town, and connects with the W. side of the river by a ferry. The station at the ferry is 16 m. W. of New London. Pop. of t, 2,663. Lyme, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. Hamp. : on the Con- necticut, 52 m. N. W. by N. Concord. Drained by small affluents of the Connecticut, on which are numerous saw- mills. Surface moderately uneven, and soil generally fertile and well timbered. The village is on the Connecticut, and contains a flourishing academy and several stores. Pop. of 1. 1,618. Lyme, t. and p. c, Huron county, Ohio : 33 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by Pipe cr, which flows into Lake Erie. Surface level, and soil superior for grain-growing. The Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland R. R., and Mad River 410 and Lake Erie R. R. pass through it and intersect near its W. hue. Pop. 1,S59. Lynchburg, p. v., Campbell co., Vlrg.: on the S. side of James r., 22 m. below Balcony Falls, and 91 m. W. by 8. Richmond. LaU 37° 36' N., and long. 79° 22' W. The James River and Kanawha Canal, now flnisbed W. to the mouth of North r., is at present the great channel of its commerce with the sea-board ; but it is soon to be connected E. and W. by a magnificent line of railroads— the South Side R. R. to Petersburg, 120 m., and Richmond, 122 m., and the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., and connections to and beyond the Ohio r. and the Mississippi, passing through the principal commercial(Centres of the great interior basin ; these lines are rapidly being completed, and before the ex- piration of the year 1S55 the whole will be in operation. The V. is well located for business and health, on ground rising gently from the river, and on every side environed by magnificent scenery, overlooked on the W. by the lofty peaks of the Blue Ridge mountains, rising in one plac&— the Peaks of Otter— to an elevation of 4,260 feet above the sea level. In 1793 Lynchburg contained but five dwellings, and it is now one of the largest, most wealthy, and busy places of the State, and has an amount of trade surpassed by no other place between the Ohio River and the Atlantic sea-board. Its buildings, public and private, are substan- tial, and in many instances handsome structures ; and its warehouses are large and filled with the produce of a wide tributary country. It has 6 or 7 extensive tobacco ware- houses, in which from 10,000 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco are annually inspected, and there are some 25 or 30 tobacco factories, each of which on an average turn out 1,500 boxes annually. Cotton and iron are also manufactured here to a considerable extent, and there are several extensive flouring and other mills. Lynchburg has three banks ; and there are published in the v. three newspapers, the " L. Virgin- ian" (whig), the " Virginia Patriot'' (whig), and the " L. Re- publican" (dem.) ; the water-power applicable to manufac- tures is large and valuable, and has been greatly increased by a dam above the v., which latter also creates the reser- voir or source of the water supplied to the inhabitants, which is raised to an elevation by means of pumps and distributed through pipes. Below this, and connecting the city with the opposite bank, a bridge crosses the river, over which is the road to Charlottesville. Pop. about 8,071. Lynchbitro, p. V. and sla., Highland co., Ohio : on the E. branch of Little Miami river, which affords several fine mill-sites, 63 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. The station is 10 m. from Hillsboro', on the Cincinnati, HiUsboro', and Parkers- burg R. R. Lyncububg, p. c, Lincohi co., Tenn. : 56 m. S. by E. Nashville. Lyncuburg, sta., Sumter dist, iSl Car. : on the Wilming- ton and Manchester Pu R., 23 m. from Manchester. Lynch's Creek, p. o., Marion district, &. Car.: on the stream so called, S7 m. E. by S. Columbia. Lynch's creek, S. Car, : rising in North Carolina, after a S. S. E. course of 125 m. flows into Great Pedee r., and is navigable through half its length. Lynch's Lake, p. o., Williamsburg dist., S. Car. : SI m, S. S. E. Columbia. Lyn'CIIwood, p. o., Kershaw dist, S. Car. : on the W, side of LjTich's cr.. 47 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. LvNUEBOROiTGn, t. and p. o., Hillsborough co., 2\r.namp.: 26 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by branches of Sou- began r. Surface rough and stony, but it has very superior pastures, and some good farms. Pop 963. Lyndon, p. v., Whitesides co., III.: about 1 m. W. of Rock r., 1.34 m. N. by W. Springfield. It was the former cap. of the co., and contains an academy, several stores, and 450 inhabitants. LvNDoN, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Verm.: -35 m. N. E. Montpelicr. Drained by Passumpsic r. and its branches, which supply it with an abundance of excellent water-power LYN LYT The Great Falls of the Tassumpsic deacenil G5 feet in SO rods, within the t., aud the Little Falls IS. Surface undulating, and soil rich loam, free from stone, and of easy tillage. Live-stock, wool, and dairy products, form heavy exports. The V. is on the Passumpsic, and contains an academy, and several manufactories. The Connecticut and Passump- 8ic liivers E. K. passes thruugh the t. Pop. of L 1,752. LvwDON Gentle, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm. : 37 m. N. E. MontpeHer. LvNiMisviLLK, p. v., Oileans oo., 2\^. II ; on Johnson's cr. 240 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and stores, and 500 inhabitants. Lynesville, p. v., Granville county, ^. Cur. : 55 m. N. Baleigfa. LvxN, L, p. city, and port, Essex co., Ma^f. : 9 m. N. E. Boston. The town extends some G ra. along the sea, and is almost surrounded with waicr. On the "W. is Sa\igus river, on the S. the harbor, on the S. E. the ocean, and on the N. are the Lakes of Lynn, a chain of ponds. The S. part of the L is an inclined plane, bounded on the N. by bold por- phyritic hills, beyond which the surface is thickly covered with timber. From its S. E. corner, extending into the ocean 4 m., is Nahaut peninsula, at the S. extremity of which is located the celebrated watt-ring-place of the same name. Phillip's Point, another peninsula, is also a flue sumnuT resort, ana in the N. part of the t is a noted min- eral spring, much frequented by invalids. The city of Lynn is pleasantly situatetl, and well laid out in broad and airy streets, and has an excellent harbor. Lat 4^° 27' 51" N., and long. "O'^ 57' 25" W. It contains 15 churches, 10 school-houses, an academy, 2 banks, a savings institution, 2 insurance offices, and several literary, scientific, and benev- olent institutions. Two newspapers, the " L. News (whig), and the " Bay State" (dera), are issued weekly. It is cele- brated for its manufacture of ladies' shoes, and its extensive c.id and mackerel fisheries. The shoe business is the life of Lynn. Only womens', misses', and childrcns' shoes are made here Engaged in this business, there are of raauu- facturers, or men who "carry on the business," S9 ; of cut- ters, or men who '*cut out" the shoes, 175; of men and boys employed in " making" shoes, 2,453; of men and boys 60 employed, but living out of the town, about 900; of women and girls erapl'>yed in "binding" shoes, 4,925; of the same so employed, and living out of the town, about 1,600; making of employees an aggregate of 10,05S. The number of men and boys employed in making shoes is more than 70 per cent now than it was in 1842. The iu- crease in the number of women and girls employed in bind- ing shoes has been correspondingly great. The number of pairs of shoes made last year (.1849), was 3,540,000 pairs. The cost of material of these was $1,535,545: that of making them $957,030— making the cost of the 3.540.000 pairs of shoes to have been $2,392,575. Shoe-making was a princi- pal business of the inhabitants before the Kevolution, and hence the people of the '• City of Shoes" ought to be en- dowed with good understanding f. The population of the town in 1790 was 2.291; in ISOO, 2,837; in ISIO, 4,087; in 1820, 4.515; in 1830, 6,138; in 1S40, 9,367, and in 1850, 14.259 — the increase for the last two decennial periods hav- ing been upward of 52 per cent. The Eastern R. II. passes thniugii Lynn, 9 m. from Boston. Lynn. p. o., Susquehanna co., Pfii?;.: 114 m. N. N. E, Ilarrisburg. Lynn, p. o., Randolph county, Lid. : 53 m. E. by W. Indianapolis. Lynn Camp, Knox county, Ki/.: 93 m. S, E. by S. Frankfort. Lynnfield, t and p. t., Essex co., Ma.sfi. : 12 m. N. Bos- ton. Drained by Ipswich and Saugus rivers, which afford good water-power. Surface rugged; soil unproductive, with some arable land of superior quality, mostly well wood- ed, and in parts covered with large forests, ^yoolens, boots and shoes, iron-ware, and several kinds of tools, etc., are manufactured. Its romantic scenery makes it a favorite resort in summer of parties from the n-'ighborinK cities. The South Reading Branch of the Boston anlANrs, p. o., Greene co.^ Miss. : 99 m. S. E. Jackson. M'Matu's, p. v., Tuscal m. N. N. W. Columbia. M'Millan'8, p. o., Panola county, Tex.: 247 m. N. E. Austin City. M'Millen's Grove, p. o., Du Page co., PI : 161 m. N. N. E. Springfield, and 81 m. W. A N. Chicago. M'MiNN 'county, Tenn. Situate 8. E., and contains 503 sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Tennessee, S, W. by its branch, the Iliwassee, and drained by its affluents. Surface varied, with broken land and hills E. and 9., which send down many streams, affording excellent water-power ; ^oil generally fertile, and good pasture. Com is the leaning crop, and wheat yields largely. Pork and beef are exported, and it has very fine horses. Its facilities for manufacturing are well improved by many extensive and flourishing es- tablishments that produce cotton and woolen goods, flour, ^18 M'MI MAC leather, lumber, liquors, oil, etc. Farms 1,6SS; manuf. 115 ; dwell. 2,0-AO; and pop.— wh. 12,266, fr. col. 52, bL 1,56S— total 13,906. Capital: Athens. Public TTwi-* ; East Tennessee and Georgia R. E.; Chattanooga and Cliarleaton Kail- road, etc. M'MrNNviLLE, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Tenn. : on N. side Barren Fork, which flows into the Caney, a fork of the Cumlterland r., (il m. S. E. Frankfort. The M'Minnviile and Manchester R. 11., a branch of the Niishville and Chatta- nooga E. K., comes up to the village from Tullahoma, and it is the S. ttTminus of the Danville and M'Minnviile E. E. Pop. about 6ai). M'Nairt county, Tenn. Situate S. W., and contains STl sq. ra. Drained W. by heads of Big Ilatehie r., and E. by "White Oak, Mud, Snake, and Owl creeks of the Tennessee. Surface moderately uneven ; soil of good fertility. Corn, ■wheat, and tobacco are leading crops. Pork ia a heavy ex- port. It has good mill-streams, and some manufactures of much imporUince. Farms 1,379; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,S95, and pop.— wh. 11,447, fr. col. 24, si. 1,393— total 12,Sf>4. Capital : Purdy. Public Works ': Memphis and Charleston Kailroad. M'NuTT, p. 0., Sunflower co., Miss. : 93 m. N. by W. Jackson. M'Eae'8 Mills, p. o., Montgomery co., JT. Car. : 71 m. 6. W. Ealeigh. M'Eae's Store, p. o., Telfair co., 6^ff. .* near a tributary of the Altamaha r., S5 m. S. by E. Milledgeville. M'Sheerystown, p. v., Adams cn.^Peiin.: in the S. E. part of the co., 30 m. S. by W. Harrisburg. I^Vettown, p. v., Mifflin co., Peniu : on the W. side of the Juniata^ r., and on the line of the E. division of the Pennsylvania E. R., 14 miles 3. W. Lewiston, and 49 miles W. N. W. Harrisburg. M'WiLHAMSTowN, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 61 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Mabbettsville, p. o., Dutchess county, N, Y. : 63 m. S. Albany. Mabee's, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 70 m. S. E. Columbus. Macedon, t. and p. v., Wayne co., N'. Y. : 190 ra. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface uneven ; soil very fertile. The Erie Canal passes through the centre of the t. It has a nu... jer of mills, etc Pop. of U 2,3S4. Macedon', p. 0., Mercer county, Ohic : 97 m. W. y.. W. Columbus. Macedon Centre, p. o., Wayne co., y. Y. : in centre of Macedon t., 193 m. W. by N. Albany. Macedonia, p. o., Montgomery co., 2^. Car.: 71 m. S. W. Ealeigh. Macedonia, sta., Summit co., Ohio : on the Cleveland and Pittsburg K. E., 20 m. S. E. Cleveland. Macedonia, p. v., Carroll co., Teiii},: on a tributary of Obion r., in N. part of co., 95 m. W. Frankfort. Macedonia, p. o., Pottowolamie co., Ja. : 203 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Mace's, sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the Lowell and Lawrence H. E., 113 m. W. Lawrence. Machias, t., p. v., port of entr}'. and cap. Washington co., Me, : 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. DraiiK-ti by tlie Machias r.. which passes through the t., and a number of small lakes in the N. E. part, which connect with tlie r. by a small creek. Surface varied ; soil good, with much limber land. The v. is situate on the Machias r., near its mouth, and contains the usual number of public buildings It has a flue harbor, ad- mitting vessels of 2.'>0 tons to within a very short distance of tlic plare. It is the scat of numerous mills, anp very large. Com is an excellent crop, and very large numbers of cattle and swine are fatted. Farms 419; manuf. 0; dwell. 679, and pop.— wh. 4,090, fr. eol. 1, 8l. 2,961— total T,052. Cupital: Lanier. Public Works: Muscogee li, R. ; South Western R. K. Macon county, 111. Situate near renire, and contains 469 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes W. tbmugh the middle, and with its branches draius the co. Surface undulating or level; soil generally fertile. Much of the co. is prairie, but there is some good timber. Com is the chief, and wheat a good crop. Pork is a large export, and the pastures are excellent. It has not much water-power. Farms 4S7; manuf. 17; dwell. 693, and pop.— wh. 3,9SS, fr. col. 0,— total 8,9SS. CapiUtl : Decatur. Public Works: Illinois Central E. R. ; Sangamon and Morgan R. R. ; and extenaious to Terre Haute and Covington, etc. Maoon county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains S23 sq, m. Drained by Wolf cr., Chariton and E. Chariton rivers of the Missouri, and N. and S. forks of Sail river of the Mississippi. Surface moderately elevated and mostly even ; soil very fertile and fine, adapted to grazing. Corn is the leading crop. Tobacco is considerably raiseiS. : on Noxubee r., 107 m. N. E. Jackson. The "Planter's Advocalo" (ncut.), a weekly issue, is published here. Macon, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 57 m. S. by E. Lansing.' DraiuL-d by the Middle aud South brancliL's of Macon r. Surface somewhat hilly; soil black sandy loam, adapted to gra.ss, corn, oats, and wlieat. liidgeway is iffo uatue of a v. in the S. W. part of the town. In tho t. there are some saw-mills. Pop. of t. 1,030. Macon, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : on a branch of Wolf cr., 16;3 m. S. W. NashvUle. Macon, p. o., Powhattan co., Virg. : 27 m. W. Richmond. Macon I>ki'6t, p. v., WaiTcn co., jV. Car. : 51 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Gaston and Raleigh R, R. passes it, 20 m. from Gaston and 67 m. (by railroad) from RaWigh. Macoupin county, 111. Situate S. W., and contains 8W sq. m. Drained by Apple, Otter, Macoupin, and Cahokia creeks, affluents of the Illinois and Mississippi. Surface undulating; soil highly productive— a large part is prairie, and equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat are the staples, and heavy crops. Live-stock, beef, pork, and wool are the exports. It has fine '"aler-power and rapitlly increasing manufactures. Farms 1.1S3; manuf. 24; dweU. 2,037, and pop.— wh. 12,272, fr. col. S3— total 12,355. Capital: Carlinville. Public Wurka : Chicago and Mis- sissippi R. R., etc. Macoupin riv<'r. III. : a considerable stream rising in the N. part of Montgomery county, and running S. W. into Qreene county to the lU'mois, which it enters 26 m. above its mouth. Its branches are Pliiirs, Dry Fork, Bear, and Hodge's creeks and Lake Fork. The country along its banks is generally fertile, suitably apporlioncd into timber and prairie. Macungte, L and p. o., Lehigh co., Pt>in.: 69 m.E.N.E. Ilarrisburg. Drain^-d by tributaries of Lehigh r. Surface in most part level; soil fertile, and well cultivated. It is rich in minerals jis in agricultural resources. Maobuet, sta., Stratford co., Ji. Uamp.: on the line of Boston and line R. R. 7 m. S. Dover. Madhknville, p. o., Iluulingdon co., Penn.: 59 m. W. Harrisburg. Madoos. p. o., Hanover co., Virff. : 23 m. N. Richmond. Madison county, Ala. Situate on N. line, and contains 763 sq. m. Bounded S. by Tennessee r. and drained by its branches. Surface somewhat hilly; soil highly productive. Cottiin is the stajde, and in quantity produced this is about the first county in the State. Curii and wheat are also very large crops. It has much fine pasture, and exports a large amount of pork. The facilities for manufacturing are very fine and exten.sively improved. Farms l,0^0; manuf. 92 ; dwell. 2,046, and pop.— wh. 11.937, fr. col. 164, si. 14.32&— total 26,427. Caj>ital: Huntsville. Pi/h/ir Works: Mem- phis and Charhsion R. R. ; Hnnlsville Canal, etc. Madison county. Ark. SilualL- N. W., and contains 963 sq. m. Drained by White r. and its branches, Kings r, and War Eagle and Richl:>nd creeks. Surface elevated, in the S. mountainous ; soil pn-ductive. and well adapted to grass. Corn is the leading cereal. Oilier grains and tobacco do well. Hogs are fatted largely. It has abundant timber and water-itower, and is rich in gah-na or lead ore. Farms G60 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. Sl;^ anrl poii.— wh. 4,659, fr. col. 0, si. 1G4— total 5.b23. Capital: Iluiitsville. Madison county, Flvr. Situate N. middle, and contains 2,946 sq. ra. Bounded E. by the Suw.ance and W. by Au- cilla (or Ocilla) r., and hafl a few creeks flowing into the Gulf. Surface even or rolling; soil very fertile S. E., mid- dle poor, and N. and W. excellent. Cotton and corn arc leading crops. It has some line sugar lands, and swamps 415 MAD MAD well fitted for rice growing. Timber is abundant, pine, cypress, and cwlar. The Gulf is its S. W. boumliiry, and markfts arc convenient. Farms 2G2 ; manuf. 4 : dwell. 49S. and pop.— wh. 2,802, fr. col. 0, si. 2,6SS— total 5,490. Cap- itul : Madison. Madisox county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 272 6q. m. Brained by Hudson's and Poulli forks, and Beaver Dam cr, of Broad r., a branch of the Savannah. Surface elevated and snniewhat hilly; soil of average ft-rtillt^-. Cot- ton is grown largely for the region, and corn is the staple gi^in. Other crops are not large. Grazing is the chief use of much of the county. Mill-slreams are plenty, and valu- able ni!n(_Tal springs are f)und. Farms 404; manuf. 3; dwell. G92, and pop.— wh. 3,76T, fir. col. 8, si. 1,933— total 5,703. Capital : Danielsville. Mai>i.son county, JU. Situate S. W. on the Mississippi, and contains 728 sq. m. Drained by Wood r. and Caliokia or. of the Mississippi, and Silver cr. and its E. fork of the Kaskaskia. Surface on the Mississippi low, and in places marshy, but of exceeding fertility; this is separated by bluffs from the back country, which is an elevated table- land, gently undulating ; soil very rich. The W. parts have excellent timber in abundance; the E. is mostly prairie, with wood on the streams. The principal crop is com. "Wheat, oats, and potatoes produce good crops, and the pas- tiirtts are very fine. Cattle, sheep, and particularly swine, are reared largely. Com, beef, pork, horses, and lumber are heavy exports. Coal, limestone, and freestone are abundant, the last a fine building and monumental material, and excellent water cement is made. II lies opposite the mouth of the Missouri, and has very superior advantages for commerce and manufactures, the last are very large and important. Farms 1,367; manuf. 182; dwell. 8,49iJ. and pnp.— wh. 19,990, fr. col. 446— total 20,436. Capitnlr Edwardsville. PuhlicWorks : Ohio and Mississippi E. E. ; Mississippi and Atlantic R. E. ; Terre Haute and Alton E. K. ; Chicago and Mississippi E. E., etc. Madison county, Ind. Situate eeulrally, and contains 870 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r., and Pipe, Kill- buck. Fall, and Lick creeks. Surface level or nndulating, with some wet prairies and a few hills ; soils various, gen- erally clayey loam, mixed with sand, and very productive. Wheat and com are raised largely, and much stock fatled. It has excellent mill-sites and extensive manufactures, and was originally well timbered. Limestone and marble abound. Farms 1,494; manuf. 67; dwell. 2,159, and pop.— wh. 12.358, fr. coL 17— total 12,375. Capital : Anderson. Puhlic Works: Indianapolis and Bellefontaine E. E. ; Eich- mond and Newcastle E. E. ; Logansport E. E., etx-. Madison county, la. Situate 9. W., and contains 576 eq. m. Drained by North and Middle rivers, and Prairie branch, affluents of the Des Moines. Surface rolling, and eoil fertile, adapted to grazing. It has abundant timlx-r and water-power, with a sparse population as yet. Farms 53 ; manuf. ; dwell. 180, and pop.— wh. 1,179, fr. col. O—total 1,179. Capital: WinterseU Madison county, K>/. Situate E. centrally, and contains 4SS sq. - m. Bounded N. and N. E. by the Kentucky drained by its branches, Faint Lick, Silver, Muddy, anii Drowing creeks, and S. by affluents of the Cumberland. Surface considerably broken ; soil very productive. Com is the staple; rye, wheat, and tobacco yield well Sheep are reared in large numbers, and pork is a ver}' heavy export. Fine horses for the Eastern markets are raised, here. Its mill^cats are numerous and extensively occupied. Farms 1,1S5 ; manuf. 39 ; dwell. 1,847, and pop.— wh. 10,270, fr. col. 64, si. 5,393— total 15,727. Capital: Eichmond. PuUie Worls: Knoxville and Covington R. E., etc. Madison parish, Za. Situate N. E., and contains 656 eq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi and W. by Bayou Macon, and draini^l by Tensas r.. and Walnut, Eoundaway, and Vidal l>ayoux. Surface level, in parts low and marshy; soil, where tillable, exceedingly rich. Cotton la the almost 416 exclusive product The plantations on the Mississippi are very hiTco and profllable, and the cotton crop is enormous. It is wei* imbered and has some water-power. Farms 21S; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 448, and pop.— wh. 1,416, fr. col. 4, sL 7,853— total 8,773. Capital: Eichmond. Madison county, 3Ii.ss. Situate W. centrally, and contains 656 sq. m. Bounded W. by Big Black r, S. F. by Peari r., and drained by their affluents. Surface moderately uneven ; soil exceedingly rich. Cotton is the great staple, and this county is one of the best in the Sta,te for cotton growing. It has also good pasturage, and rears large numbers of cit- tlo and swine. Water-power is plenty, and markets very convenient. Farms 552 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 767, and pop. — wh. 4,328, fr. col. 3, si. 13,843— total 18,173. Capit^tl : Can- ton. PuUie Works: New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhera E. E. ; Mississippi Centra! E, E. Madison county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 653 sq. m. Drained by St Francois r. and Big, Castor, and Twelve Mile creeks. Surface considerably broken and hilly; soil of average fertility. Cora is the leading crop. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are grown in small quantities. Pork is the chief farming export It has much good water- power, and is exceedingly rich in lead, copper, and iron ores. In the N. is Pilot Knob, an iron mountain 300 feet high, where ore containing SO per cent of pure metal is found in huge masses of several tons weight Farms 515; manuf. 19; dwell. 878, and pop.— wh. 5,27S, fr. col. 29, sL 696— total 6,003. Capital: Fredericktowu. Madison county, N. Y. Situate centrally, and contains 582 sq. m. Drained S. by Chenango r. and N. by Chillen- ango, Cowasalon. and Canaseraga rivers flowing into Oneida Lake, its N. W. boundary. Surface generally hilly, with a great swamp on the border of Oneida Lake, and the water- shed of the Ontario and Susquehanna streams in the mid- dle ; soil fertile, very rich in the valleys— N. better for grain, and S. for grazing. It is well wooded with hemlock, maple, and beech. The dairies are large and sui)erior, and sheep raising the leading business of a large part. Wool, hops, batter, cheese, maple sugar, and potash are large ex- ports. Iron ore much used for castings, water lime, and gj-psum are abundant. Sulphur and ^It springs, and marl are extensively found. Water-power is abundant, and manufactures A'crj' largely carried on. Flour, leather, lum- ber, woolens, iron, and potash are the leading articles made. Farms 3,845 ; manuf. 404 ; dwelt 8,198, and pop.— wh. 43,783, fr. col. 289— total 43,073. CaplUil : MorrJsville. Ptihlic. Wo?'k8.' Erie Canal ; Chenango Canal ; Syracuse and Tj tica E. R. Madlson county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Little and Big Darby and Deer creeks of Scioto r. Surface undulating or sUghUy broken; soil fertile, adapted to grass or grain. Corn and wheat arD the staple crops. Grazing is the great business. Live-stock, beef, wool, butter, cheese, and pork are exported largely. It has very good mill-seats and flourishing manufactures. Farms 474; manuf 4S; dwell. 1,742. and pop.— wh. 9,940, fr. col. 69— total 10,015. Capital: London. Public Works: Columbus and Xenia E. E. ; Springfield and L<:)ndon E. E. ; Columbus, Pequa, and Indiana E. E., etc JlAjjisoN county, Tenn. Situate W.. and contarna 908 sq. m. Drained by branrht'S of Big Iljitchie and Forked Deer rivers, allhients of the Mississippi. Surface some- what broken ; soil very productive. Ootton and com are the staples. Wheat and tobacco are successful crops. It has some water-powtr, which is well improved in making woolen and cotton goods, flour^ leather, and iron. Farms 1.4(18 ; manuf 49 ; dwell. 2,282, and pi.p.— wh. 12.861, fr. eoL 57. si., 8,552— total 21,470. Capital : Jackson. Public Works : Mississippi Central E. E, Madison county, TVoi. A new county set off in Feb., 1753, from portions of Walker, Grimes, and Leon counties. It extends from the Trinity to the Navasoto, and is drained by Bedais cr. and other affluents of these rivers. MAiiiauN couuly, 17/v. Situate N. E. centrally, and coD- MAD • tains "261 sq. m. nr.iine-l by Uobprlsmi, Wnlf. aii.l Cnnwny rivers, braiu-lies of tlit- i;jip[i;iljfiiini.<,-k. Siirtare ck-VHlcd, uneven. annr /.-r/rr-t. al- most om thence it descends gradually until near the Fourth Lake, when it rises with consi(KTal)le abruptness about 75 feet, and tlu-n falls off boldly to the sliore of the Fourth Lake — distance, across being about three-fourths of a mile. Following thecardinid points, the ground descemls every way from the Capitol, all the streets from tlie corners of the square li-rminating in tlie lakes, save the western, which slopes gradually about half n mile, and then rises until, at a distance of exactly one mile from the capitol, it attains an elevation of at least 125 feet. This is College I/ill, the magnificent site of the Wis- consin University, founded in 1S4S. It is rapidly increasing in its population, buildings, and other improvements. A telegraph line connects with the lakes and the Mississippi There is excellent water-power, which is used in running some of tile most extensive mills in the State. It contains several stores and workshops. There are three papers issued here, the "Wisconsin Express" (wliig), •' Wisconsin Argus" (dem.), "Wisconsin Democrat" (dem.) . Pop. (in ISSd) 1,ST1. The Milwaukie aud Mississi])pi li. It. will probably intersect Madison. Madisonborougu, p. V,, Alachua county, Flor. : 121 in. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Madison Centre, p. v., Somerset co., Mf\ : 29 m. N. Augusta, and near a beautiful poud, the outlet of which is at SUouhyau. MADiso>f Cross Roads, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : 169 iil N. by W. Montgomery. Madison Mills, p. o., Madison co., Tirg. : 75 in. N. W. Richniond. ^^\DIsoN Springs, p. t., Madison county, Ga. : S3 m. N. Milledgeville. in N. part of the co., near Bmad r. There is a chalybeate spring liL-ro which is beneficial in many cora- plaiiit.s, and there is a fine hotel for tlie accommodation of visitors to the springs. Madisonvillr, p. v., and cap. Hopkins go., Ki/.: situate on the E. side of Green r. (on an elevation), 169 ni.W. S,AV. Franklbrt. It contains a court-house and about 60 inhab- itants. Madisonville. p. v. and seaport, St. Tammany par.. La. . on the N. bank of Lake Poutchartrain. and W. nf Hoguo Fallia, which empties itself at this point, 59 m. E. Baton Rouge, and 29 m. N. New Orleans. It is an imp')rtant place, aTid will be made the W. terminus of tlii> line of rail- road from Alabama toward New Orleans, to which city the connection will be by steamboat. Madisonville, p. o.; Madison co., J/^f'.w. .* 21 in. N. by E, Jackson. Madisonttllk, p. v., Ralls co., J/c*. ; on Sji- iiccr's cr., Tl m. N. E. Jefferson City. Madisonvillr, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: 91 m. S. W. Columbus. 4 m. N. of the Ohio river. It contains about 650 inhabitants. * Madisonvillr, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ttiin. : 137 ra. S. E. Nashville. Mad river, 0/iio: a large branch of the Great Miami from the E., rising in Logan co., and after a course of 50 m. terminates at Dayton. It has a rapid and broken current. an' Point to Quoddy Head is aI)oift 225 miles, but following its winding.'^, nearly 1,000 miles. The Isles of Shoals arc seven in niimber.+ and life about-eigljt miles south-easterly from the mouth of the Piscataqua River. Foyrof them belong to Maine, and the three otheralto New Hampshire. These islands are little more than masses of rock, but at one time had 500 oft600 inhabitants, g are Uie astronomiral [lositions of sevc'al ji I, at. N iliortRrtj points on tbe iir Long, ' of tlie new boundary survey, Fisli Riier. mouth of. 47 16 13 .. Tort Fiurtici.l, (upper blockhouse) • 46 46 07 ., Fci»l Fitirric'J.fldw^rbloi-k house) — Fort K^nt (bli.ck house) -IT \^ G^ .. Hancock Uiirncki* {flag stnff) -Ih 07 :W .. Heatl ol I,. Ula.k Rapids (St. John River) 47 Ot HO . Head of t;.mne,ticut Itiver*. -15 H fiS . Houltiin (iu.tel) .; 4t> ('7 28 . .. G3 35 2G I.at. N. > ». M. B. ... 46 le 63-.. ...47 27WJ3 .. ... 47 31 39 ., Pine Island of Seven TRland^ (St. John Hjyer), Pohenagainook Lake ((pmuniPnt at -20 5B .. St. CroiA River (monument at source) 4:^ fifl 37 .. St. Franiif* U. (Hammond's Barn oear m'th of) 47 10 S7 Tpscliereau'e Housa 45 4S 37 LoTig. W. p. M. a. .. 6'i 35 K> .. 69 13 19 .. 69*17 31 71 01 13 .. 67 47 00 ,. 63 S3 69 .. 70 24 10 ... 67 49 42 ... OS 35 2*. ,.. 67 49 00 ... 61 Ort 34 ... 71 13 67 ... 67 49 ^ fTlie" Inle-uf Shoals" are serrnin numfcer, viz., Hog. Smutty Nose, Star, Duck, Whitf. MaTftgn.and Londonner Islands. Tlie three fir.it consti- tote Ihp tdwii .if Go'Bpori, A', //rtm;)., and the four latter tlip town of Isles of Shun Is, Mr. TliPj^«*re jRiginnlly called Smith's Islands, having been discovered by th« celebrated John Smith in 1614. The present population is 132— m N. Harap. 101, and in Maine 29. 418 • V • ■ MAINE. «t!ra(.-tfd ihiiher hy ihe supLTior ailvanlaijfs lli'-y affnnled tv.r the jtiirsiiit of the flshc-ries. and they bt'came celebrated fi>r ihair dried fisli, tnown by the name of Isles of Shoal rlun-flsh, whieh were jirepared by drying them alowly and earetnlly en the rocks. Their population in 1350 was 132. Ca,sco liay, a spacious baaia between Cape ElizabelU and Cape Small I'uiut, contains a great number o&^fine islands, uraon» whieh Great Gebrag and Sebaacodegqu Islands are the largest. The shores of the bay afford several excelleiit harbors. Setruiii Island, furtlier east, is a noted. landmark at the mouth of the fiver Kennebec. Pariver's Island, on whioTi is Georgetitwn, the island of Cape Newa;^en, and Jeremisquam, arc larjie bodies of land betwceen the Kennebec ami Damariseotta rivers, south of which are the Damariscovc i.-jhmds, a group rtf small but inhabited islets. Farther IVom the shore are Mouhcgan, St. George's, Matiuie, and Matiiiieiis islands. Monbegan was formerly famous for its fisheries. The Fux Ishmd, Long Island, and Beer Island, are the princi-jial islands in Penobscot Bay, which extends fi;om While Head, on the west, to 116 au Haut on the east, ami rurts uj) about .Ti miles inland. But the largest island on the coast is Mount Desert, containing about 60,000 acres. Several of its heij^hts are cou-picuoiis objects far off at sea, and some of them attain an elcvatioQ of from 1,500 to 1,S00 feet. Farther. east is Petit Mfnaii. often eorrupled to Titmenan, and at tUc entrance of Pasrianiaquoildy Day is Grand Menan. belonging to New Brunswick-, to which province, also, Campobello and i»eer Island, in that bay, are politically attached. Moose Islands belong Ut Maine. * The surface of the interior country beyond the coast region, which is somewhat flat and sandy, l^^ in general, pleasantly varied with hills and valleys. There is no connected ridge of mmintains in the State, but the north-western part contains numerous gmaguntic and Uml>agog are on the western border, and the Schoodic, and the Upper Slioodic lakes on the eastern bolder. Ttiose are the largest and most conspicuous on the map, but tliere are hundreds of others, in every dhreclion, givi[ig rise to, and roceiving streams of various maL'niludis. Maini' is a country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large division of those that refer U) the transiti-m period, anil toward New Brunswick it has an imjiortant region of the lower second:iry formation. Ev.-rywhere*t has alluvial and diluvial deposits* and vast igneous formations, not opiy iu the interior, but forming a barrier against the ocean surge along a considerable part of an immense sea-coast. Its mineral deposits are various, and exteiisivtly distributed throughout its limits. Iron ore of exox'llrnt quality is found in gre.at abundance, and in the soulh-east'-rn district, bi-tween the Kennebec and the St Croix, ther** are indicntions of the existence of bituminous coal. Marble, granite, and linu-stone. however, constimle the principal mineral products, and all are extensively quarried. Lime is abun-ed. supplies ino^t of the Slates with this article. Granite is ohi'fiy found near Ilallowrll, and is peculiarly well ndaptid for mat'-rial Ih public buildings. It is abundant also in many ottier parts. Mica, lalcoee, and other slates occur in extensive beds between the Kennebec and the St, John. 419 9 MAINE. Soapstone, sandstone, and brecciatcd rocks of many varieties are found ; also jasper, including the beautiful greenston^ trap and its varieties and porphyry. The trap-dykes are numerous and exceedingly et\veen tlie Penobscot and the Passama- quoddy, is what is called " White. Pine Land" — the soil is moist and of considerable strength, and ihe principal natural growth is the while pine mixed with oak, white ash, and beech. At "Wells and Scarboro are several tracts of salt marsh. Maine hjis a climate of extremes, but it is seldom so severe as to interrupt farm operations. Vegetation commences late, but it is rapid and vigorous. The season of growth extends from the middle of April to the middle of October, but it does not continue in its full force for more than three and a half months. The temperature ranges between iou° above and 2(|0 lelmc zero, but the changes are seasonal, and seldom interfere with personal health. Near the coast Ihe summers are tempered and rendered pleasant by the recurrence of sea breezes, and in the eastern districts the atmospheric temperature is modified by the fogs and vapors rising from the Gulf Stream which in these Ialitumay be passed upon the ice from December to the beginning of April. The less hardy cereals frequently suffer from the early frosts. The greater part of the siu-face of Maine is covered with dense forests of pine, oat, beech, birch, etc. 'White pine and spruce, when dressed into masts, bo-ards, and shingles, are largely exported. There is also abundance of timber suitable for ship-building, jyid from the facilities with which it is procured, Maine has become the greatest ship-building State o'f the Union, and in this department of industry qp an average of years produces more tonnage than Uie three great StaJ^ of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania together, or more than one-third that of the whole Union. Of thtf aboriginal tribes that formerly hunted in the deep forests of Maine, but few now inhabit the country. There are about 500 still in the State; they live principally on the islands of the Penobscot Piver, which they own, and enjoy a consid- erable annuity secured to them by Ihe government. There is also an Indian settlement on the western side of Passama- quoddy Bay. The present inhabitants are chiefly of British descent, and the greater portion of them the immediate descendants of the origin.il colonists of New England. There are, however, large numbers of enligrants from other European countries, but the proportion of these classes is by no means so great as in most of the other States. The colored races form but a small moiety of the people. Maine is divided into 13 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Couiilies. Dwell. Pop, Penobscot 10,ST4.'.63,0S9. Piscataquis 2,riS9 . . 14,TS5 . Somerset 5.917.. 35,5S1. Waldo 7,631.. 47,2.30. Washington 5,S35..SS,S10. York 10,564.. 60,101. Farms incfflt Manuf K.y; other (-attic, 125,S90; sheep, ■151,577 ; and ^wine, 54.59S— total value of live-stoek, $9,7ii5.726. In 1840, tliere were in the State— hnrsus, mules, etc., 59.20^; neat cattle of all dcMTiptions, 327,255; sheep, 64y,2W; swine, 1I7.3S(5, etc. aiahi r/'7^v.— Wheal, '29().259 hushels; rye, l()2,9Ui bushels; Indian cnrn, l,75ii,ii5G bushels; oats. 2, 1^1, 0:^7 bushels; barley, 151.731 bushels : and buckwheat, 104,523 bushels, 'ilie same crops in 1S40 amounted Id— "lit-at, s.is.!00 tiushels; rye, 137.ii41 bushels; InHian corn, 950,528 Ijusiiets ; oats, l,i<70,4U9 Ijushels ; barley, oi>iJ.HU bushels; and buckwheat, 51,543 husUels. 'i'hus, while the wheat and barley crops have diminished atjout five-eighths, all the uth.-r crops have iucrea-sed, and nmst of them have doubled in quantity. Other Food Cz-oyw.— Peas and beans. 21 5,541 l>u^heIs ; Iri.'^h potatoes, 3.43G,040 bushels. In 1&40, the production of the potato crop amounted to 10,392,2Sii bushels, or nearly three times that of ISoO. Jl(.'iCi'l/o}Mfm Crops.— lhiy.'ib'i.S^9 (in 1S40, 691,35^) tons; clover-seud, 9,(i97 busliels; other grass-seed, 9,214 bushels; hop.-*, 40,120 (in 1S40, 3G.94ii) pounds; flax, 17,0S1 pounds; flax-seed, 531) bushels ; maple sugar, 93,542 j)ounds ^ molasses, 3,107 gall'-ns; beeswax and honey, 1&9,61S pounds; silk cocoons, 252 (in 1S40, 211) pounds ; wiue, 724 gallons. The value of orchard prodm-ts was$;M2,S65, and of markt-t-garden products, $122,3S7. Produvt.iofAnimaU—\YoolA,Z(ii,OUim 1840,1,4*55,551) pounds; butter, 9,'i43,SU pounds; cheese, 2,4.'^1,454 pounds; inid the value of animals slaughtered during the year was :tl.(>46,773. Il,'»ir-mitde Mf raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, lOi^OOO.OOO; average number of hands employed, ti0,000— males, no.Otm, and females, U,ti00 ; monthly cost of labor, $i.iilO,noo— males $0110.01111, and females $()0,(K)0— total value of products for the ye:ir, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the State, in ISOO, producing to the value of .^5li(l and ui)ward, was 3,GS2 : and of these, 12 were cotton faetorit.'S, 3G woolen factories, 213 tanneries, and 2G establishments lor the mamifaeture of iron — 26 for caslings, and 1 for pig iron. , The ciitinn manufactures employ a capital of $3,329,700; value of all raw material consumed, $1,573,110; monthly cost of labor — male $22,895. and female $35,073; value of entire products. $2,596,356. In this department of manufactures 31.531 bales of cotton were used, and 2,921 tons of coal consumed ; and the number of hands employed— males 7S0, and females 2.959. The products fur the year were 32,^52.55G yards of sheeting, etc. The icooh-n manufactures emiiloy a capital of $407,000 ; aufl use 1.435,434 pounds of wool, valued at $495,940 : number of hands— males 310. an/'(/ iron, the capital invested is $214,000; value of all raw m.aterial, fuel, etc., $14,939; hands employed— mail's, 71 ; monihly cost of labt>r. $1,562; pig iron made. 1.4<4 tons; value of products, $30,610. The material consumed consisted of 2,9ii7 tons ore. and 213,970 bushels coke and charcoal. In the manufacture of iron castirtrfs, the invested capital is $150,100; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $112,570; numl)er of hands employi'd — males 24^3, and females 1; average wages per mouth — to males $29. and to females $5; entire value of product.'^— 3,091 tons castings— $265,000. The material and fuel consumed consisted of pig iron, 3,591 tons; old metal, 215 tons; mineral coal, 1,319 tons; and coke and charcoal. 14,000 bushels. Besides the above, Maine has other considerable interest — numerous mills, and various mechanical establishments, etc., whieli, in the aggregate, make up a long list of industrial pursuits, for the jjrofilable prosecution of which the fine streams of the country affonl special facilities. Cimnn^irce, Kaviijatiini, tir. — The total value of merchandise exported to foreign countries, from Maine, during the year ending 30th January. IS50, was $1,556,912, of whicii $1,536,818 was the value t-f domestic produce and numufac- tures. and $20,094 that orted. The value of domestic merchandise, exported in American vessels, was $1,130.99-^, and in foreign vessels $400,820; and the value of foreign merchandise, re-exported in American vessels, was $14,564, and in foreign vessels $5,530. The total value of imports for the same year was $85G,411, of wliieh $6ii9,155 was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $247,256 in foreign vessels. The following table exhibite the ehilistics of shipping employed in the foreign trade : SmPPING ESTEr.ED. SHIPPING CLEAURn. N,ltinii;,lily, Vevseh. Tonnage. Crews Nationality. Vessels. T i.iue. Crews. American 253 53.309 .. ... 2,ns4 Amerioan 5<5 111.1J3 .. ... 4,548 . . . .i.oss Foreii^ 1.04r. 91.1111 .. 5131 Total... 1,293 143,180 7,1 (i; T»l.-il . 1,G:n IKAZt 9,674 The lonn.nf;i> c-lc.ircil fnim Passamaquodfly district wa.s C3.8i;7tOTi9; fn.ni IMarliia.'J, S.!!.! tons; from PfTloIiscol, .3.441 tons: from \Valns. and temporary. 41,.524 tons; eiir4C>,SlS 1S22 -.um.Mi 1S23 895j'll 1S24 910,195 1625. l,«1.12r 1S26 1,W2.575 1S-2T 1,070.1:M 3528. 1,019.517 1829 737,582 1830 670,5-22 $ - 930,294 9W.775 891.6H T63,4« 1,169,94» 1,245.3:» 1ASS.390 1,246,509 741,751 672,666 Tear. Exports. 1S31 tS05j7g 1S.S3 1,019,531 ISat 815.277 1S35. 1,069,367 1S36 f50,936 ISS7 9K.953 15.3S. 9.35*32 1589 595.455 1510. 1,018.269 1S41 1,091,5« Ira[>ort3. $941,407 1.12.'),326 1,380.303 1,060,121 SS3,?S9 930,086 S01.404 899,142 9S2.734 628.762 100,961 T«ar. Exports. 1842 $1,050,523 1S4.S. 632391 1844. 1,176.135 1545 1.1,255.105 1846 1,328,363 1547 1,634.203 1845. 1,957,395 1549 1336,631 1850 1,556.912 1851 1,561,438 1852. — Imports, I606.SM 250,260 570,S24 &^.&I5 767,092 5T4,056 795,565 721,409 S56.411 1,176,590 £ttemal C(»nmunication,:^The bays and cstaarics of Maine, many of wWch, however, penetrate to a considerable distance inland, are the only natural ways for internal intercourse enjoyed by the State. The great interior back from the sea-board district is beyond their rt-ath. and the chief rivers, except as far as they can be made to float down the limber and rafts of the vast forcsis which alx>und at their upptr courses, are ahnost uselesa to navigation. The Stale, then, has had to depend on artificial channels for travel and transportation ; and from necessity, these are extensive and systcmalic Bui the position of Maine to the British provinces has demanded of it something more than roads to the ini<-rior, and hence we find its sjat.-m, completed and projected, extending into Canada on the one hand, and into New Brunswick and Nova Scotia on the other; while lines of railroad are in operation from the sonih-easl part of the State to Boston, connecting with the general system of the Union, and furnishing a link in the great chain extending from Halifax, the northern terminus of European steam navigation, to the ports of the Gulf of Mexico. The Atlantic and Sl LawTenoe EailroaiJ. one of the greatest enterprises of the age, gives to Montreal and Quebec an outlet on the Atlantic, and avoids the tf dious navigation down the Sl LawTcnce Eiver. The European and North American Railroad will greatly facilitate and shorten the period of travel between Europe And the Union. The first of these is now about complete, and the Latter has so far progressed as to insure its completion within the next four or Ave years. "With the exception of one or two short lines, the railroads as yet complete are found in the south-east part of the State, between the Kennebec Eiver and the line of New Hampshu-e. The total length of completed railroad in the State, on the 1st January, 1553, was 417 miles. The Slate has also constructed the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, connecting Portland with Sebago Pond, twenty and a half miles long. It has 25 locks, and by another lock, in Saco Eirer, it is extended through Brandy and Long Ponds, making its whole length 50 miles. JSf/n^-x._The bank returns for October, 1S50, reported 33 banks. The following statement exhibits their condition at that perifid : liabUiti^s—ca\nUsX f S.24>,mK), circulation $2,65l^S, deports $1,223,671, due other banks ^,036, and other Babilitit-s $3S,2>5: and a««t^— loans and discounts $5.530,3.30. real estate $:il,S05, due by other banks $778,955, notes of other banks |1S7,435, and specie $475^9. The banks are subject to the control of Bank Commissioners appointed by the Governor. GoT^mm&iit, etc. — The constitution of 31aine went into operation In 1S20, on the separation of the State from Massa- chusetts. It confers the right of suffrage on every white male citizen (except paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed) 21 years of age. and for three months ne.vt preceding any election a rasidenU and such citizen may Tote in the town where a residence is so establbhed. The general election is held annually on the second Monday in Sep- tember. The L^gvdaUtre is composed of a House of BepreeentatiTes and a Senate ; representatiTes not less than 100, nor more than 2f>0 in number (now 151), and elected annually, must be 21 years of age, five years citizens of the United State*, one year residents of the State, and three months next preceding the election inhabitants of the town they may represcnL A town having 1,500 inhabitants, is entitle»l to one representative; ha\-iDg 3,750, tico; having 6,775, tfiree; having'10,500, four; having 15,000, _;?r«?; having 20,250, six; and having 26.250, seven ; and no town can ever be entitled to more than seven representatives. Senators not less than 20 nor mwe than 31 in number (now 31), must be 25 years of age, and otherwise 4beir term of office and qualifications same as for representatives. Vacancies in the Senate shall be filled by joint vole of the senators and the representatives, from those who had the highest numln-r of votes in each district at the popular election. The Senate tries all impeachments, and a two-thirds vote is necessary to conviction ; but judgment in such cases ttnly extends to removal from and "lisqualification for office, the party being siill liable to indictment ^o senator or representative shall during his term, be appointed to any civil office of profll that may have been created, or its emolu- ments increased during such term; and no meml)er of Congress, or poKon holding office under the United States, post- offioers excepted, can hold a seat in either house. The legishiture convenes on Ihe second Wednesday in January annually. The Governor is chosen by a plurahtr of votes, and holds oflSce for one year. He must be SO years of age, a natural bom citizen of the United States, and for five years, and at the time of his election, anil during his term, a resident of the State. If no person has a majority of votes, the Honse of Eepresentatjves, from those having the four highest numbers, if there be so many, shall e*ect two, and return their names to the Senate, one of whom the Senate shall elect and declare governor. No person holding effice under the United States, this Slate, or any other power, shall be gfivemor. If the office l>*'come vacant, the president of the Senate, and afb r him the speaker of the EcprtsenUilives, shall act as governor, A iwf^hird vole of bolh hous^ in favor of a bill vetoed by the governor, nullifies his objection, and it becomes law never- theless. The gubernatorial term commences on the second Wednc^lay of May. The E-rficutirf: Co^incil, consisting of seven counciloR, not more than one from any senatorial district, is chosen annually by joint ballot of tlie sena^)rs and representatives. They must be citizens of the United States, and residents of the Slate ; and their proper office is to advise the governor in the execotive part of the government. The principal ii'IminiKtrative offlcere arc IhC Secretary of State and the State Treasurer. Tliey are chosen annually in the same manner as the executive council. The Treasurer is not eligible more than five years successively. The const it ulional organization of the judiciary was essentially altered by an act of the Legislature of 1S52. The dis- trict courts, which took the plq^ of flie old courts of Common H^as were, abolished, and all their jurisdiction transferrod 423 MAINE. to the supreme judicial court, to which Dirt-c ad!crii, and fur the purpose ol" hearing and dettrini^iiiif; quc-&- lions vi law and equity, instead of being as heretofore held in the several counties, the ttrnis are annually held for these districts; at Portland for the western district, at Augusta for the middle district, and at Eangtir for the e:u>tcrn district The oihcr cia&^es of cases are tried as formerly in the sevt.*ral counties where they aro commeuct'd. Tli.-re is a probate court in each c^uuty, wiih a judge and register; and each county has a clerk of the judicial court. Muni.ipal and jxtlice courts are established at rorlland. Bath, liangor, Augusta, Gardiner. Beliiisl, Calais, Unckland, and Brunswick. All ^Ui\e judges are appointed by the governor, with the ailviee and consent of the council, and hold office for seven years, unless sooner reniKved for cause. Among the (/eiierul provis-i^ns of the constitution, are the following: Quakers, Shakers, justices of the Sui>rfme Court and ministers of the gospel, shall be exempt fn^iu military duty. Suitable provision shall be made by towns to support and maintain public schools. No grant shall i>e made by the legislaiiu-c to any literary institution, unless it has control over its charier. No religious test shall be re06x number of poor school-houses, 2,012 ; number of school-houses built the past year, 120 ; whole number of scholars, 230,274 ; whole attendance in winter. 151,360 ; average alien. lance, 91,519. The whole amount of school money raised by tax was $264,351 17, which wa-s $41,010 31 more limn required by law. The sum of $29,921 40 was expended for private schools. There were school libraries in 9 towns. The %VhoIc number of chartered academies in the State in 1S50 was 92, of which 64 sustain schools during a greater or less part of the year. Teachers' institutes have been in successful operation for several years; 1,732 teachers attended them in 1S50 — 801 males, and 931 females; and the sessinn of each institute lasted ten days. The two great colleges of Maine are Bowdoin and Waterville colleges. Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, was founded in 1802, and in ISoO had 14 professors, 1,062 alumni, of whom is" had entered the ministry, 129 students, and a library of 27,500 vohniK'S ; and Waterville College, of Walerville, mider Baptist jurisdiction, was founded in 1S20, and in 1S50 had 5 professors, 267 alumni, of whom S2 had entered tlie ministry, SS studentB, and a library of 15,500 volumes. There is a Theological Seminary at Bangor, under Congregational auspices. It was founded in 1816, and in 1850 had 3 professors, 37 students 202 graduates, and 7,000 volumes in iLs library. The Maine Medical School, at Brunswick, was founded in 1820, aiwl in 1850 had 5 professors, 51 students, and 034 jrraduaU^s. These institutions are liberally endowed, and have all tlie appliances, apparatus, etc., necessary to illustrate the various subjects taughL Puhllc Libraries. — One State librarj' — 9,000 volumes ; two social libraries — 6.370 volumes ; two college libraries — 16,800 vt)lume8 ; six students' libraries — 13,134 volumes ; two academical and professional libniries — 10,800 volumes ; one scientific and historical library — 300 volumes; seventeen public scliool libraries — 152 volumes — total 31 libraries and 56.856 volumes. There is a great discrepancy between the account of the college libraries given by the census as above and that published in the annual catalogues of the respective institutions. Pen'of/iciil Pre.'ift.— The whole number of periodicals in Maine, according to the ascertainments of the census of 1S50 wxs 55. of which 15 were whig in polities, 15 democratic, and 25 neutral or devoted to literature* science, religion, etc. ; and of the whole number 4 were published daily, 3 tri-wtekly, 4 semi-weeklyj 43 weekly, and one semi-monthly. The aggregate circulation of each issue of the dailies was 6,100 ; of the tri-Weeklies, 370 ; of the semi-weeklies, 1,350 ; of the weeklies, 53,507 ; and of the semi-monthly, 2.500. Of the dailies 2 were published in Portland, and 2 at Bangor ; of the tri-weeklies, 2 at Portland, and 1 at Balh ; of the semi-weeklies,! at Gardiner,! at Bath,! at Thomaslon, and 1 at Biddeford ; of the weeklies, 9 at Portland, ! at Farmington, 4 at Augusta, 1 at Ilallowell, 2 at Waterville, 4 at Bath, 1 at Newcastle, 1 at Lewiston, ! at Rockland, 2 at Paris. 2 at Norway, 1 at Dover, 4 at Bangor, 2 at Skowhegan. 3 at Calais. 2 at Belfast, 2 at Saco, and 1 at Limerick ; and the semi-monthly, the " Scholar's Leaf," at Portland. The " Maine Farmer," an agricultural paper, published at Augusta, circulates 5,300 copies at each issue, and has the highest circulation of any periodical in the State. The "Transcript," a Uterary issue, published at Portland, circ i ates 4,608 copies, and has the s'jcond highest circulation. Panperumi nt having passed the winter in great suffering, the party returned to England, representing the country as a •' cold, barren, and mountainous desert." The unfortunate result of this enterprise discouraged any further attempts on the part of the Knglish for some years. The French, however, had established themselves on different parls of the coast, and the Dutch also had a settlement at a place called Newcastle. After the formation of the Plymouth Company a more regular system of colonization was attempted, but no effectual settlement by the English was made before 1635. In that yenr the counlry was parceled into shares, but none of the holders, except Sir Ferdinand Gorges, who received a grant of Uie 1-ands between the Piscataqua and Kennebec, obtained tlteir patents. His charter, granted in 1639. gave him despotic power over the district, and the laws he promulgated on taking possession were aristocratic and feudal in their character, and litUe suited to the English emigrant of the time. The pnpulation of the province seems aco4»rdingly to have increased but slowly. Tlu; first general council was held at Saco in 1G40. The government was administered in the name of Gorges until 1617, when, on his death being announced, the people took the administration of affairs into their own hands, and elected a t;overnor from among themselves until 1052, in which year the province was incorporated with Massachusetts, and so remained until Charles II. restored it to the heirs of Gorges. The government of M.-issachusetta, however, shortly afler- ward purchased the whole country for £1,200 steriing, and thenceafter it was governed as part of her territory, and was incliuied in the new charter of Massachusetts tn 1691. At that time the present State of Maine was divided into two pnrts — ihe country between the Piscataqua and Kennebec, which contained the principal settlements, and was exclusively callt-d Maine, and that between the Kennebec and the St. Croix, whieh was known by the ancient French nameof Acadie. The pmvinee wxs not supposed to extend back from the sea farther than 120 miles, and the territory beyond that distance' was considered as crown lands. The whole country, from the Piscataqua to tho St Croix, was now granted to Ma.«sachusetts. Fniin it.s first settlement to the middle of the eighteenth century the inhabitants suffered grievously (torn Indian warfare. The savages opposed step by st(^ the progress of the colony. In 1075 almost all the settlements were destroyed, and from 1692 u> 17(13 the province was a uniform scene of rapine. In 1720 the harassing conflict was renewed, and the settlers suffered severely until 1726, when a treaty was -concluded whieh secured i)eace for several years. So late as 1744 and 174^S mruiy ol tho inhabitants were killed or carried off fmm tho towns. Since 1749, however, when another treaty was made, tranquillity has prevailed, and at the present time few Indians remain within the State. From the period of the union with Massachusetts to the final separation in 1S20, tlic history of Maine has been merged 424 MAI MAM in thit of Massaclmseta. Wc hear lillle <^ ihc former . a convenlion met at Tortland for the pinpose of considenng s s'ul)milled to llip people of Maine, to be decided in town meetings, gainst tlu- measure. Tlie sulijcct was renewed in 1st>, wlien In 1S19, numerous petitions liaviuf: been presented to the Lepslature, conformity to which a vote was (alien in all the towns. A The separation t trequenlly attempted, but without success, the suljject. In the succeeding year the question w.as s when it was found that a majority of tlie freemen were a»ain a majority appeared adverse to a separation. an act was riass.d lor ascertaining the will of the people, in . large tna'rtv now voted in favor of the separation, and in consequence of the desires of the mhantants 'l^"' -;---■» ronvenl .,> was called under the aulhori/.ution oT the Legislature of Massachusetts. A const.tnfon was adoptci which com cntion w caueu ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^_^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^_^^^.^^ ^^ ^^.^^ ^^^^,^^^ ^^^ mdependeut btalo received the approbation of the people, and a member of the United Stales. , the Kennebec Eivcr, is the political capital and seat of the Slate Government. Scotlanrporatcd in 1640. It is a busv town, with several manufactures, worl;sliops, and nu- merous stores. The Boston aiel Maine 11. V.. passes through it, from which point the Meslford ilraiich U. 11. diverges. Pop. of t. 3,520. Maldes, p. v., Ulster co., jS'. T. : on the W. side of the Hudson r., 41 m. S. by W, Albany. There is a regular steamboat landing, and large quantities of leather and flag- ging stones are shipped. Malpks Bridge, p. v., Columbia county. A'. Y. : on Kinderhook cr., 17 m. S. by E. Alteiiy. Malueckeux islands, Ln.: a small cluster of Islands lying off the mouth of Lake Borgue. Mallet Cheek, p, v., Medina Co., Ohio: on a fork of Eocky r.. 97 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Mallorvsville, p. v., Wilkes co., Gn.: 66 m. N. N. E. Milled geville. Malone, t.. p. v., and cap. Franklin co., y. Y. : 'iVt m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Salmon and Trout rivers, which flow into Canada. The Northern (Hgileiisburg) E. R. crosses the X. part of the t., running through the v., whieb is pleasantly siluate on both sides of Salmon r., over which tlnre is a bridge built of .stmie. Surface level ; soil in general fertile. There arc very fine specimens of the Potsdam sandstone quarried here. Magnetic iron ore, bog iron ore.and other miner;ils. are to he found along the river. There is tine water-piiw.r, which is employi-d exiensivi ly in manufactories, of which there are a great number. The v. 101 by E. N. E. ; 81 m. is the seat of justice for the county, and has several manu- factories of cotton goods, leather, scythes, pails, etc. The "Franklin Gazette" (.lem.), and "Frontier Pallailiuia" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of t 4,.547. Mai.t.\, t. and p. o., Saratoga co., A''. }'. .' 23 m. N. Albany. Drained by a small stream which bounds it on the N. and Saratoga Lake on the E., and Anthony's Kill (outlet of r.ound Lake), in the 8. Surface undulating : soil fertile. In Ihe I- there are several stores, mills, and manufactories. P,i|.. 1,:!49. Malta, t. and p. v., Morgan Co., Oliio: 61 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Muskingum r., which forms its E. boundary. Surface uneven : soil fertile. The v. is situate in the N. E. part of the t. on the Muskingum river. Pop. of I. 1 ,302. Mai.taville, p. v., Saratoga Co., K T.: 21 m. N. by W. Alliany, near Round Lake. It contains a factory and mill, and about 25 dwellings. Mahtgin Grove, p. o., Lee co., III. : 133 m. N. Spriuglield. Malvern, p. o., Carroll county, Oliio : Columbus. M.iMAKATiNQ, t uud p. o., SuUivau CO., A' Y. S. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, having "™y ■»"« long and fifty feel h gh. and as wi.lc. At the end of the first quarter of a mtle « the K.ntu.l:,, cm and U.e a,urc!,WZelia are not « anting. "In this te.nple religious services have frequent y been performed." The aothio Av,nue, reaehed by a fl.ght of stairs, is 40 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 2 m long. Mummies have been discovered here which have been the subject of curious study to science; there are also stalagmites and stalactites, 7.o,„«,v a«f«-, and Vulcan's rumace On the walls of the J!,„Me,- Itomns are inscribed ttotuandsof names. "The Gothic CTir,^,.;, when illumi- Dated with lamps, inspires the beholder with feeliiK-s of solemnity and awe." At the foot of the DeviH Arm Chair IS a small ba.sin of sulphur water. Then there is the Brea>i. Z^;,Tr,n'""':"': T'^ ^'""""^ ^"'^' ^"^^"t fnd7f ? 1 ' •''"'' ""' ""■'"'"' ^"^•'' l'"^'" 6 feet wide aild 8 feet deep, of the purest v.:mr-Knpole»n-s Dome etc., etc. The mi Eoo,n contains an orchestra 15 feet hH '•' near by is a row of cabins for consumptive palienls-rte mmospbere being alw.ays temperate and pure. The Star Chumt^er presents an optical illusion. "In lookin. up stars and atiir off a comet with a bright tail." The Tempi, 13 an immense vault, covering an area of two acres and covered by a single dome of solid rock, 120 feet bi<.h It rivals the celebrated vaultin the Orotto rf Antip..ros, which dome th : " 'r-™' '" "" ""'•"'■ '° "- "'■'>"« °f ' - ^rrlv lotlr '^' """""^ °'""^' ™'"S ™ one side nearij to the top, very steep, and forming what is called the Jfo,„, .,„. The ;?«.«•//,,« descends like the slope o a mounla.n ; the ceiling stretches aw.ay before you, vast and grand^ as the armament at midnight! A short di's^e ™ by the aid of t,,rehes upon a broad, black sheet of water, SO ftet below, called the Dead Sea. This .an awfully impres- sive place, the sights and sounds of which do not easily pss from memory. The Mammoth Cave is said to be explored othe distance of ten miles without reaching its termTna- ZT^y "r :r'"-''t "''"' "' "" "'^ "inches iver /o, !/ w.fr., .' ^exl to Niagara, it is the wonder of nature in the western worid, or perhaps throughout M her domain' JUASACK, p. o., Lowndes countv, Ala.: or m s w' Montgomery. ^- "■ MANAUAWKrN, p. v., Occan co., AK Jer. : on Manahawkin cr., 4 m. W. Little Egg Harbor Bay, 45 m. 9. E. Taunton It contains 3 churches, several small stores, and about 260 inhabitants. Manalapa-j, p. o., Monmouth co, iK ,7 .- 21 m. E Trenton Maxasqua-v, p. v., Monmouth Co., N. Jer.: on Manas-' quam cr., .35 m. E. S. E. Trenton. Manascjuam river, Monmouth county, JK Jer ■ rises in Freehold t., and aller a S. E. course of 18 m., enters the Atlantic by Manasquam inlet. The tide-water, 8 m. above Its mouth, is crossed by Squam Bridge. Harasses Gap, p. o..Warren co.. rirff. : the g.ap is a pass on the Blue lli.lge, which here divides the counties of Fau- qmer and Warren. The Manasses Gap E. E., from Alexan- dria to Front r.oyal, passes through it. Maxatawnt, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 61 m. i.. iN. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Sacony cr., a tributary of Maiden cr. Surface level; soil loam and gravel, and very productive. The v. of Kutau.wn is situated in the W. part Oft, and has a church. .S stores, and about 90 dwellings. MANATi:r.. p. v., Ilillsboro'co., F/or. : on an arm of Spiritu Santo Bay, 37 m. S. Tampa, 241 m. S. S. K. Tallahassee. Manavunk. t. and p. v., Philadelphia co., Penn.: one of the suburban districts of I'liiladelphia, T m. N. N. Vf. Phila- 426 MAN ba fk s , a ?' ^- "' '■ H'^'^-'-g- II is situate on E. bank t,ch lylkill river, at the junction of Philadelphia and Norr 7 P ."■'"' '"' ''""-'^'Pl'-. Germantown, and Norristown E E. It ha, tine water-power, created by the waste water of the canal. Two bridges cross the Schuylkill river at this place. There is a forge situate here as also a rolling mill ; the latter produced (in 1^8) 600 tons boUer and flue iron, and other^vise considerable manufactimng and other business arc carried on. Pop 6 139 » >» Mancoacp v., E. Baton Eouge par., 'la.: on E, bank Mississippi r., 9 m. S. Baton Eou<^e Au"trc"^° ^'"''^' "•"■■ ^'"'^ ""^'^' ^-^••- 11 »• s. Manchauo, p. v., Worcester co., Mam.: on a fork of Blackstonc r., 39 m. S. W. Boston Mancuestee, t. and p. v., Hartford eo., Omn. .• 9 m E. Hartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords ex et lent water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile and pro- here. It is a very important manufacturing town There are several paper-mills, 2 powder-mills, and a number of Tte 1 in°n t^r'"'"'"'"''""''- '^'^ '■ « P'-^^^-'v ^'l ualeil „ the N. of t., on line of the Hartford Providence fo™™ ""•■ ^'•' '' ■" ^- "^ ^' ™'-''"»- ^"P-' SprinS™^ ■"■ ''■' ^°°" °'"^^^' ^"- ■■ ^ "■ "^- S- '^■ InX^r "• "■ '''^"'"'™ '"""'^' ^«<^- •• '' -• S- E. MANcmsTEH, p. v., and cap. Clay co.. JTy. .• situate on S side Of Little Goose cr., a tributary of Kenluckv r., 93 m S E.' Frankfort. There are salt works iu the vicinity. Uct toms a court-house, etc. i' lou- Man-chestee, p. v., CarroU county, Md.: 49 m N bv W Atinapolis. i', oy n. MANcnESTEE, t. and p. t., Essex countv, Mais. ■ on Massachusetts Bay, T m. N. E. Marblehcaii. 21 m N E Boston. Manchester has a line harbor, suitable and safe for ment of the mhabitants. The surface of the t. is rough, and he sod var„d. Ship-buUding is carried on to some exti^L besides which there are manufactories of leather, boo^ shoes cabinet-ware, palm-leaf hats, and ships' wheels are manufactured here. The vUlage is pleasantly situated and con=,mands a delightful prospect. The Gloucester Bnui h E.E passes through it, connecting at Beverly (9 m. W ) with the Eastern E. E. Pop. of the I 1,6SS. ' La^InT'^^'"^ ^' °" ■*^''""™'"' 00-. ^'c'u: 45 m. S. E. tc^t: X' Me^i^rr:: r" s'r "™t /"^^ "-' i.cry proiluctnc. The canal by Amoskeag Falls 1 m in M.rrimic. having a descent, in the course of a mile of fn,m 60 o 6„ feeL There are now in operation at thirph,:« Amo.^ "T <^""^"-">""- owned and operated by ,ho An oskeag M.-miifae,uri„g Company, and three bv the Stark ton fi.-oL"'' •,""""""'"« """"■•"'>■ S".""" l"'lcs of cot. ion. 03.1.O110 pounds of potato starch. 31.000 gallon, snerm oil, 6,T.lO cords wood, 1,200 tons anthracite foal,!;™ duci,ig.39 50,1,000 yards of sheeting, shiriing, Ucking. deufmt m mo stripes, and cotton flannel. Ther? is a blue-dy i"^ estabhshmi.nt, cotton warehouses, repair shops, cuitinl? house.,, ami numero,« blocks of dweUing-houses .used f^, MAN MAN in appearance. Ih e « company, «Uh hoU3L« ?ri„t X^Corporation, proJuco 10,000.000 yards of Z of o!her public buildings, a large number "f "■-■»' '";', : iv^ i is nStly laid outvvi.h «ide s.rcCs, the pr.nc,pa »e bein- m feet wide, extending more than a rode N- ™d S the chief part of the other streets intersect .t at ne-arl nght ^^i:de.urrnnp=^.i.;.Ut.^e.a.«t^ ^^ing paths and avenues, is situate near '■;;." e Tide of a beautiful stream. The t. is connected 1'^ ' " >?^» by these -^f; ' ^^^''^^^e gm.th of the city to rapid The Ulancheslcr and LanTenee E. K., Loncoru i.. , luc wjiiLiic^v diverge from this "::;j^r:;;^r;::"oiSfVheeityi^i.htedvvuh ^^.f'T o ba ,K U e tenche^ter Bank, capital $125,000, Unitarian; - i>anKS, III*, iw." ti,,^ "fli-inite and the Amoskeag Bank, eapitaUloO,000. The C ramte ^rner'- (weekly a^ric), -Manchester Messenger" (weck- M Ma t h s.^^' ImerLn" (weekly, whi.). " Manchester Mrror^^d^O^y^, and "The democrat" (weekly, dem.), are published here. Top. of t. 1S,9'>.!. ^ ,,..„. ^ c, £ Manchester, p. o., Ocean county, KJei-iom. !,. L. '^MTx-cHESTEK.t. and p. v., Ontario county, ^. T. : 18.3 m. W by N Albany. Brained by outlet of Cananda.gua - Lake. Surface un.lulating ; soil sandy loam and clay, un- d^Hid by lime, and very fertile, being well adapted to the t There is a sulphur spring in the E. part of town, " m: Vhaon Springs, of some celebrily. The v. .., s.tnate ^n Can-mdai-ua outlet, and contains several churches, :Li a woolen faCory. a furnace, B5 dwellings, and about 2M inhabitants. There are in the t. a number of manufac- tories. Pop. oft 2,940. c, u Tf MAxent'TEn, p. v., Adams co.. W,;«; 91 m. S. by %V. C*™!^^™ ^T^'b- situate on theN. side of the Ohior. M."™r.Tr,n. Land p. o.. York co.. Penn.: s.tuate on Ihe S side Susquehanna r., between Conewago cr. an.l Codon« c;eek, 15 m. S. E. Harrisbnrg. Surface uneven : sod ler- lile There are several distilleries, a flour and grist mdl, and saw-mills. There is a ho, blast furnace >*">. ate here the annual capacity of which is 1,400 tons. Top. of t. 6M9. Man, ursr™. p. v- Sumter dist., >«. n„: : 31 m. E. S. E. Columbia The Wilmington and Manchester U. R. passes itlV, m from Wilmington, and 6 m. from the ranction. MANO..STEB, p. v., and c..p. Coffee oo., r,.»». ; on a fork of Duck r W. part of county, 49 m. 8. E. ^ ashvdle. Mancheste.-.. t., p. v., and cap. Bennington co., Verm: SI „ ^ W Montpeli.r. Simate between the Green and I'-qui- nox mountains. The scenery is very beautiful. Dramed by Ealtenkill r. an.l its branches, which afford P'0<\ ^■'^^r- „ower The soil along the water-course is good, but tl e principal part of Ihe t. U bet(er a. ^ Manheim Centre, p. o., Herkimer CO., A. T. . 6d m. ""■^^^ v.. Biish CO., in,.: on the W. boundary of e«'n1v 29 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Rushville and Shelbyville R. R., H - <^""4;;;^ 1^ ^ „„ i.„,ver Penin- M.vnistee county. il/(C/(. Situati ."«.". o" i^ siiia and contaii^ 551 .sq. m. Drained by MamsteeSind Mioosic rivers, flowing into Lake Michigan. ,,., N. bound- „y. A.,«(.r«; Manistee. Not organized ml --0- Manistee, p.o., Manistee county, jr.c/i. . 1-) m. JN. vv. Lansing. c;i,,,ale E. on Lake Michigan, ^J-7^'""r4^Tm Drain dbv Manitowoc, Centre, :: E t'l w' T^o; ".-rs^and smaUcr streams. Surface ■„,! V brnkeii- soils deep ami rich. generaUy day, :;S"l:^ 'o :;:ndv'.oam. M^t grains do well, and the V u flne II is heavily timbered with pine, oak, !;n1m':^e."anVthehi:i».r,rad;isthechiefbusiness. The rivtr mrnSsh flne mill-sea.s, and on the lake.t h.as a good Lrhor with a irrowing lake trade. Farms ;»; manuf. 22; l;w77r',.andpop-wh.3,-0.2,fr.col.0-to.al3,-02. 0,J,i. MASiTowoc, I., p. T., and cap. Manitowoc county, TItjy, p. v., and cap. Sabino par.. La.: on Bayou Haspoon, 5 m. S. Fort Jessup, 1.53 m. N. W. Baton llouge. Manona county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 7Sf> sq. ra. Drained by Little Lion and Soldier rivers, atnuents of the Missouri, its W. boundary. Unorganized in IS.50. Manor, t, and p. v., Lancaster co., P/^m. : on the N. side of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S, E. Harrisburg. The Conesrogrt r. forms ila S. E. boundary, by which an, t. and p. v.. Tolland eo., Conn.: 23 m. E. Hartford. Drained by Natrhaug r. and its br;iri«hcs, tribii- tariea of Willimantic r., whii-h latter bounds it on the W. Surface uneven— in parts hilly ; soil fertile. It has excellent waler-power. This t. is important for its silk manufactories, which are the most extensive in the United Slates. Besides the silk, there urc cotton and other factories in the town. 428 The v. is situate on N. side of the t, near the New London, Willimanlic, and Palmer R. R., 38 m. N. New Tendon, Eagleville is the name of a v. in W. part of t, situate on the railroad. Pop. of I. 2,530. MANSFtEi.D. p. v., I>e Soto par., La. : on a small cr. flow- ing into Big Pierre Lake, 115 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. It contains the court-house of the parish. The "Mansfield Advertiser" (lit.) is issued weekly. Manskield, t, and p. v., Bristol c©., Ma^. : S4 m. S. by W. Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r. Surface level ; soil good. This place bids fair to be of some imi)ortance m a coal region. A mine of anthracite coal is situate here (discovered 20 years ago), the vein 5 feet in thickness, dip- ping to N. "W. ; besides which there are numerous other veins. The coal is of fine quality. There are several cotton and wool m an u Victories, as also a nail factory. Mansfield sta. is in N. part of t., on the Boslon and Providence E. R., at which place the New Bedford and Taunton, and Taunton Branch E. E. diverges. Pop. of L 1,7S9. Mansfield, p. v., Warren co., N. Jer. : 87 ra. N. N. "W. Trenton. The Morris Canal passes through the village. Manskield, sta.. Cattaraugus co.. K. Y. : on the Coming and Blo.'wburg R. R., 25 ra. frora Coming. Mansfield, p. o., Henry county, Tenn. : 83 m. "W. by N, Nashville. Mansfield, p. v., and cap. Eichland co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. R., 67 m. N. by E. Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and has a court-house, jail, 2 churches, several stores and workshops, and a large number of dwellings. There are 5 papers published here, the " Eichland Democrat" (dcm.), " Richland Jeffersonian" (whig), "Shield and Banner" O'em.), "Mansfield Herald" (whig), the "Rainbow" (lit.). Pop. of t. 3 557. JL\NSFiELn, p. v., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. E. Sprintrflcld. Mansfield, p, Harrisburg. Mansfield, p. Richmond. Mansfield Centre, p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: on the cross roads, in S. E. part of Mansfield t., near Natchaug r., 25 m. E. Harlfonl. Mansfield Dep6t, p. v.. Tolland county, Conn, : on the New London, Willimanlic, and Palmer R. R., 8S m. N. by W. New Lfmdon and 21 m. E. Hartford. Mansfield mountains. Verm. : a branch of the Green Mountains, which presents some of the loftiest culminations in the Stiite. Mansker'8 Creek, p. o., Da\idson co., Tenn. : 13 m. N, Nashville. Mansura. p. v., Avoyelles par., La.: on "W. side of Red river, and about 2 m. N. Mississippi r., 53 m. N. W, Baton Rouge. Manti City, v., Sanpete co., Vtah Tfv.: in a hilly region, nearly 5,000 feet above the sea, and 45 m. N. K. Fillmore City. Manton, p. o., Providence county. It. I.: 11 vn. "W. Providence. Manton, p. Frankfort. Mantua, p. Montgomery. Mantua, p. Nashville. Manti'a Centre, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 125 m. N. E. Columhus. Manville. p. T., Providence co., B. L : on the Blackstone river, and line of Providence and "Worcester R. R., 12 m, N. Providence. Manwaiung's, p. o., Shelby county, IM.: 23 m. S. E. Indianapolis. MAr>N. p. o.. Panola co., J/it.M. .■133 m. N. .Tackson. Mai'li:, p. o., Ionia co., Mic?t. : at the junction of Maple . o., Tioga CO., Penn, Louisa county, Tlrg. : 3' 113 m. N. by W. N. "W. Marion county, A'y. .■ 47 m. S. by W. Pickens county, Ala.: liy m. N. W. M'Minn county, Tenn.: IQS m. 8. E, MAP MAR river with First cr., brandies of Gratid river, '25 m. N. W. Lansing. Maple, p. o., Brown co., Ohio : 81 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Maple river, Mich, : a considerable stream, rising near the centre of Shiawassee co., and pursuing a N. W. course through Shiawassee, etc., into Gratiot, and tlien a S. W. course through Gratiot, etc., into Ionia co., wiK;re it enters the Grand river, about S in. below tho mouth of Looking- glass river. It is 60 yards wide at its mouth, and is not less than 100 miles long. The bottoms ou this stream are exceedingly rich and fertile. Maple Bottom, p. o., Iredell county, K. C^ir.: 119 m.W. Ealeigh. Maple Creek, p. o., "Washington co., Penn.: 169 ra. W. TIarrifibarg. Mai'le FiruNACE, v., Butler co., Penn. : 169 m. W. N. W. Ilarrislturg. There is aeoal blast furnace here (constructed in l.S4;3) which has an annual capacity of 1,400 tons. Maple Gkove, t, and p. o., Barry county, Mich. : 81 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a small cr., tributary of Big ForU of Thorn-apple r. Surface undulating; soil fertile; abounds in fine timber lands. Pop. 153. Maple Grove, p. o., Aroostook co., J/c. : 133 m. N. K. Augusta. Maple Gp.ove, ata., Berkshire co., Mams. : on Pittsfleld and North Adams It. E., 13 m. Pittsfleld, 107 m. W. by N. Boston. Maple Gko\t:, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 35 m. N. E. Columbus. Maple Gp.ove, p. o., OUego county, ^V. Y.: So m. "W, Albany. Maple IIill, p. o., Daridsoa co., N'. Car.: 85 m.W. Kaleigh. Maple Spiungs, p. o., Ked Elver co., Tex. : 235 m. N. E. Austin City. Maplesville. p. v., Bibb county, Ala. ; on N. side of Mulberry cr., 41 m. N. W. Montgomery. Mapleton, p. c, AbbeviUe dist., S. Car. : 79 m. W Colural)ia. Mapleton, p. o., Niagara co., iV. 3' : 271 ra. W. by N Albany. MapijEton, p. o., "Waukesha county, TI7ic. ; 59 m. E. Madison. Mapleton, p. o., stark co., Ohio : 25 m. N. E. Ci>lumbu3. Mapletown, p. v., Greene co., Pcim, : on Whilelay cr., 159 m. S. by W. Ilarrisburg. Mapleville, p. o.. Providence county, P. I. : 9 m. W. Providence. Maquoketa, p. v., Jackson county, /(/.: in S. part of co., OD a branch of the Maquoketa r., 53 nL N. E. Iowa City. MAyroN, p. v., Knox co., IlL : situate in a fertile prairie 1 m. \V. Spoon r., 73 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Map.amec-, p. v., Crawford co., Mo. : situate in an exten- sive iron region on the W. bank of the Maramec r,, 52 m. S. E. JetTerson City. There is a blast furnace and several forges (called ''Massey's Iron Works") in operation, yield- ing from l.OOf) to 1,500 tons bar iron aiuuiallyof excellent quality. '* Big Spring" (so called, at the junction of the inver), affords excellent water-power to the v., on the site of ■which are several saw and grist mills. Map.,ameo river, Mo.: rises in Dent county, whence its course is generally N. E. through Crawford and into Frank- lin, and thence u passes in an E. and E. N. E. direction into Jefferson and St. Louis counties, and fulls into the Mis- sissippi about 20 ni. below St. Louis City. Its principal af- fluenL'i are Osatre Fork and Big r. from the S. and Bourbeuse cr. from the W.. liesides many smaller streams fi'om botti directions. The river is about ISO m. long, and navigable for steamboaia 0i> miles. Mabathon county, WLtr. Situate N. middle, and con- tains about 5.100 sq. m. Drained by Wisconsin r and its branches, heads of Black and Chippewa rivers, and of Montreal r. of Lake Superior. Many of the rivers have lakes, or chains of lakes, at their sources, and most furnish water-|iower. The surface is much varii-d, and parl.s are very hilly. The soil ia various, with much excellent grain land, and is generally well limbered. Only the S. is yet settled, and that but sparsely. Farms 7; numuf 15; dwell. 76, and pop. — wh. 503, fr. col. — total 503. Cping owned in the district 6.S42 tons, of which 2,23Jg^3 were employed in coasting, 2,639 tons in the cod fisheries, and 243 tons in the mackerel fisheries, etc. Coasting steamers touch at this pninl several times daily. Pop. of the t. 6,1117. Map.bleuead, p. o., Gilmer county, Go.: 135 m, N. W, Milledgeville. Mauble Hill, p. t., Prince Edward Co.. Virg.: on a fork of Appomattox r., 99 m. S. W. liichmond. Mauble IIill, p. o., Franklin county, I't/tn.: 61 ni. S. Nasliviile. MAUBLETo^vK, t. and p. v., Ulster county, JV; Y.: 57 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. on the N. E. and Kondout Kill on the S. E., both wliicli afi'ord excellent watcr-jtower. The Shawangunk Mountains arc in the S. E. part of town. Surface hilly ; soil on the movnitains barren, and in the lower parts fertile, being a rleli vegetable mold. The v. is situate near Esi>pu9 cr. The t. h:Ls numerous mills, tanneries, etc., and 3,339 inhabitants. The Delaware anil Hudson Canal passc-s through it. Maubuiivville, p. v., St. Tammany par., la.: -m E. bank of Tangipalioa r., 43 m. E.% N. Baton Kouge, Makcelline, p. o., Adams county, PJ. : 79 m. N. by W. Springfielil. Mahcellon. t. anl: soil lerlile. with good timber land. The v. ii^jntlie S. E. pari of t., on a branch of Wisconsin r, Tlie t. has ex- cellent water-power and some mills. Pop. 5nr>. Marcelli'S, p. o., Washington county, la.: 27 m. S. Iowa City. Marcei.lus, t. and p. v.. Onondaga co., iV. Y.: VM m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. Surface un- even, in parts hilly; soil calcareous loam, and highly fi-rtile. Tip- V. is >ituate on Nine Mile cr. in N, part of t., and on the liu.' of the Uoi-lu-ster and Syracuse R, li. There are .several mills and lartories in operation. Pop. of I. 2.759. MAp.cELLiiti Falls, p. v., Onondaga co., y. Y.: situate 429 MAR MAR aWl 1 m. S. Marcellus on Nine Mile cr., 129 m. W. by N. Albany. Marchand, p. o., Indiana co., Peim. : 117 m. 'W. by N. Harrisburg. Marcl'S, p. v., Jackson co., (?«. ; on a fork of the Oconee r., S3 m. N. N. W. MUledgeville. Marcus Hook, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : on the Del- aware r., 81 m. E. S. E.|Ilarrisburg. It is on the line of the Philadelphia, 'WUmington, and Baltimore R. R., 18 m. Pliiladplphia. Marcv, p. o.. La Grange county, Tnd. : 127 m. N, by E. IndianapoHs. Marcv, p. v., Waukesha CO., Wise. : on the Milwaukie posl-road, (W m. E. Madison. Marcv, t. and p. o., Oneida co., 27'. K ; 83 m. W. N. W. Albany. Pmined by Nine Mile cr. ; and Mohawk r. bounds it on tlie S. Surfarc hilly, the Ilassencloaver Mountain cov- ering it in part ; soil clay and sandy loam. Pop. of t, 1.857. Makpisville, p. v., Talladega co., Ala.: near Talladega river, 113 m. N. Montgomery. A United Slates land office is situate hero. There are a number of stores and dwellings in the village. !Makesoo county. Al-a. Situate 8. "W., and contains 1,08S sq. m. Bounded W. by Tombigbee r., and drained by its affluents, and E. by affluents of the Alabama. Surface mod- erately uneven; soil in parts pine-barrens, but most of it Is very fertile. Cotton is the great and almost exclusive product. Corn is largely grown in parts; some rice and lobac-co is raised; coal and iron ore arc found. Farms SIS; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,353, and pop.— wh. T.lHl, fr. col. 37, si. 20,603— total 27,831. CapiUil : Linden. Pubiic Works : Alabama Southern R. E. Marengo, p. v., and cap. Iowa co., la, : on S. side of Iowa river, 20 ni. W. by N. Iowa City. A post-road passes through the v.. connecting with the contemplated line of Ibe Dubuque and Keokuk R. R. and Iowa City. Pop. 3S6. Marengo, p. o.,'^urena district, S. Car.: 67 m. N. W. Columbia. Mahenqo, p. v., M'Henry county, JU.: 175 m. N.N. E. Springfli-ld, on the Kishwaukee r.. and on the Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 66 m. from Chicago. Marengo, t. and p. v.. Calhoun co., Mu'k. : 31 m. S. by W. Lansing. Drained by Kalamazoo r. and Rice cr., one of its branches. Surface undulating; soil of a rich sandy loam. There are extensive sand-stone quarries along the banks of the river, whic-h here affords exe^'llenl wati-r-powcr. The v. lies on the S. gideof the Kalamazoo. The Michigan Central R. R. passes through the t on N. side of the r., and a short distance from the village, 101 m. "W. Detroit, and 1T7 N. E. Chicago. Pop. of t. 1,018. Marengo, p. v., Wayne co., 27. Y.: 167 m. W. by N. Albany. Marengo, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 39 m. N. Columbus. Margallaway river. A1 /lamp.: rises in the highlands which separate Canada from Maine, and after a short course enters the latter; and from thence, after flowing a distance of 40 m.. turns into New Ilanipshire, and enters the Andros- coggin r. a few miles below Umbagog Lake. MARGARKrrA. p. v., Clark co., Ilf. : 3 m. E. North Fork Embarras r.. 03 m. E. S. E. Springfield. MAnnAREiTA, 8ta., Erie co., Ohio : on the Mad Kivor and Lake Erie U. U.. 211 m. Cincinnati. 9T m. N. Columlnis. Margakbtta Furnace, p. o.. York eo., Perm. : ^5 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Tliere is a furnace here with annual capacity of 1.200 tons, constructed in 1S23. Margareitsville, sta., Northampton co., 27. Car.: on the Se:i-ho;ird and KrKinoke R. R., 17 m. N. E. Weldon. Mariv Crfek. p. v., Knox co.. Ind. : on a cr. of West Fork White river so called. So m. S. W. Indianapolis. Maria Korge, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : 51 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Martana. p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Flor. : on the Chipota r., 63 m. N; W. Tallahassee ; contains the county 430 court-home and other public buildings, a number of stores and workshops. Maria Stein, p.o., Mercer county, Ohio: 139 m.W. N.W. Columbus. Mariaville, t. and p. o., Hancock co.. Me, : 75 m. N. E. Augusta, Drained by Unitm r. and its branches. Surface uneven ; soil good. The river affords extensive water- power, which keeps several mills in active operation. There is a great quantity of lumber sent from here. Potatoes and wool are the chief agricultural products. Pop. 37.5, Mariatille, p. o., Schenectady co., 27. Y. : 25 ni. W. by N. Albany. Marietta, p. v., and cap. Cobb co., Ga. : 7 m. W. by N. Chattahoochie r., 100 m. N.W. Milledgevilie. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes through it 20 m. from Atalanta. It contains the county buildings, 2 academies, and about 150 dwellings. The"M. Advocate" (dcm.), and "Constitutional Union" (union), are issued weekly, and "Masonic Journal," monthly. The business of a fine agricultural region centres at this point Georgia Military Institute is located here. Marietta, p. v., Fulton co., PL : on S. side Sheen's cr., 61 m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a fertile prairie. Marietta, p. o., Onondaga county, 27. Y. : 137 W, by N* Albany. Marietta, p. v., Shelby county, Tnd. : on the E. branch White r., 27 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Shelbyville Lateral Branch R. R., 7 m. from Edinburg. Marjetta, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., 07iio: 87 m, S. E. Columbus. Its W. part is crossed by the Muskingum river at its entrance into the Ohio river. The Ohio bounds it in the S. W., and it is drained by Duck cr. and Little Muskingum r. The streets are well laid out and thickly built. There is a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, a bank- ing establishment, all handsomely built, and forming orna- ments to the place. Several mounds are found in the vicinity. The Marietta College is situate here, founded in lSo.5. having (in 1850) a president, 6 professors. 113 alumni, of whom 44 are in the ministry, and 55 students, with a library containing 0,400 volumes. The t. was founded in 17SS, and is the oldest in the State. There are a number of steam saw-mills, flouring-mills, tanneries, foundries, and <»lher factories here. The v. is pleasantly situate on the N. bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of the Muskingum river. There are two newspapers ]>ublisbeil in the village, the " M. Intelligencer" (whig), and the " M. Republican" (dem.), both weekly issues. Marietta is destined to be a place of considerable business, and its future railroad connections will give it direct access to the principal centres. Several steamboats are owned here, and ply regularly to Pillshurg, Cincinnati, etc. Pop. of the t. 4,292, of which 3,133 are in the village. Marietta, p. o., Itawamba county, Jfi^s. : 159 m. N. E. Jackson. Mariktta, p. b., Lancaster county, Penn.: 25 m. S. E. Harrisburg. on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., and near the mouth of Little Chiques cr. It contains about 1,000 in- habitants. Marin county, Cal//. Situate W. middle, and contains 516 pq. m. Bounnrfaeo varied; soil very lertile and excellent grazing. Corn is the chief crop, and iive-stoek and pork the exports. White river is navigable to this co.. and is skirted with noble furosta of pine timber, and its branches furnish good mill-seats. Farms 255; nianuf. 2; dwell. 3iU, and pop.— wh. 2,04T, fr. col. 129, si. 120— total 2,302. Oipit'il : Yellville. Mauion county, Fh>r. i^iiuate on N. part of the penin- sula, and eunlains 3,1*27 sq. ni. iii;.iiipd V., hy Ocklawaha r., a brancli of St. John's r., and S. W. by Wlthlaeoochee r. Surface low and level, with nuniemus lakes and swamps; soil exceedingly fertile, produeiiig large crops of cotton, sugar, and corn, and raising many semi-lropioal fniits and vegetables in profusion. It has extensive forests of valuable live oak, cedar, and cypress timber, and in parts fine water- power. Sulphur and magnesia springs of great medicinal virtues attract many invalids who seek a mild climate, and salt springs are found. Farms 829 ; manuf. ; dwell. 394, and pop.— wh. 2,063, fr. col. 1,81. 1,269— total 3,33S. CajntiU: Ocola. Mauion county, Gii. Situate S. "W., and contains 519 sq. in. It litis midway between Chattahoochee and Flint rivi-rs, and is drained by small branches of both, N. and S. "Whitewater creeks being the largest. Surface moderately hilly ; «oil fertile. Cotton is the chief product, and the crop a very largo one. Corn is an average crop, and wheat not much grown. Grazing is generally good, and cattle and swine reet-ive much attention. Farms 5*5:5; manuf. 4; dwell, l.lin, and pop.- wh. 6.563. fr. col. 3, si. 3,Cii4— total lO.lSO. Capital : Tazewell. Ptcldic M'orks : Muscogee R. R. Makios county. III. Situate S. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Crooked cr. and E. fork of tlie K;isUasliia. and E. by Adam's and Skillelt forks of the Lillle Wal)ash. Surface gently undulating, and soil of good fertility. It lies on the E. side of the Grand Prairie, and is largely made up of prairie, with wood on the streams, which aflord some good mill-seats. Com is the staple. Cattle are raised in hu-ge numbers, and pork is an important export, r.ituminous coal and water-lime are found. Farms 827; manuf.9; dwell. 1,132, and pi>p.—wh. 6.716, fr. eol. 4— total 6,720. Capital: Salem. Public WorKs : Ohio and Missis-ipjii E. E. ; Chicago Branch of Illinois Central Railroad, etc. Marion county, Ttid. Situate centrally, and contains 316 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r., Fall, Eagle, and other creeks. Surface beaulifidly rolling ami diversified l)y slight elevations toward the streams. Prairie bottoms and woodianil are pleasantly mingled. Soil generally a black loam. niiX'd with sand or clay, and resting on limestone, and is V'-ry frtile. Com, wheat, and oats are all l;irge crops, and the chief farming products. The grazing is very fine; cjiMIe and sheep are raised in great numbers, and pork is a largo export. It has much water-power, ar.d very e^xlensive manufiietures of woolen and cotton gou sq. m. Drained by the Des Moines and its branches, Coal, EngliMh. and Cedar creeks, and WhiUbreast r. ; tkunk r. touches the N. E. corner. Surface somewhat broken; soil fertile, adaph-d equally to grass and grain. Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork are the leailing products of the farm. It has excellent water privileges, growing manufactures, and much fine timber. Coal and iron ore are found near the Des Moines. Farms 342; manuf. 24; dwell. 930, and pop.— wli. 5,453, fr. col. 29— total 5,4.52. Capital: Knoxville. Mauion county, IC>/. Situate centrally, and contains 332 sq. m. Drained by Rolling Fork of Salt r., a l)raneh of the Ohio, Surface uneven, but not rough; soils generally fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. Rye, oats, and tobacco are successfully cultivated. Large numbers of sheep are kept, and a good deal of pork exporter!. This region is stocked with fine horses, which are much attended to and furnish Eastern markets largely. Water-jiower is plentiful, and manufactures an important interest. Farms 963 ; manuf 47 ; dwell. 1,42S. an. Situate N. E., and contains 423 sq. m. Drained by N. and S. Fabius and N. and S. two rivers and their branches, allluents of the Mississippi, its E. Ixiundary. Surface moderately uneven; soil very rich. Corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes yield great crops, and the pasture is very fine. Live-stock, beef. wool, and pork are exported. It has excellent mill streams and very important mamifaetures, and abonruls in timber, bilumuions co;d, and lead. Salt springs are found. Farma SIO; manuf. 75; dwell. 1,.595, and pop.— wh. 9,322, fr. col. TG, si. 2.^3*^— total 12.23i». Cai'ital: Palmyra. Mahion county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, anrl contains 303 sq. m. Drained by Scioto r. and its branches. Rush cr. and Whetstone r. Surface mostly a level tal>le land; soil very productive, adapted to grass or grain. Corn, wheat, rye, oats, and potatoes produce largely. It is a superior grazing co., supports fine dairies and large numhers of cattle and sheep, anil exports live-stock and |""'k to a large amount. It has also good water-power, and eonsiiierable manufactures of flour, leather, ami woolens. Farms 919; nianuf. 14; dwell. 2.15S, and pop.— wh. 12.;.97. Ir. eol. 21— total 12.G1S. Capital: Marion. Public Work^i : Bellefon- taine and Indiana R. R. Mauion county, Ort^g. T<^i\ Situate centrally, and con- tains 21,00(1 sq. m. It has Clackamas co. on the N., Polk on the W., and Linn on ilic S., and is drained by branches of the Willamette, its W. boundary. Rutte, Aherque, Silver, and Mill creeks, and N. fork ofSatitiam r. Surface diversi- fied; extensive an. and many parts best adapted to grazing. Corn .md ecih-n ^jre the principal emp-j. The niar-slies produce i-on-idrrahle rice. Many cattle are raised and great (juaniiiies of jjorU I'llted. It has a large growth of pileh'pitie timber. Farms 1,374: manuf. 0; dwell, 1,>>5G, 4;^>1 MAR and Pop.--«h. 9,784, ft-, col. 103, si. 7.620-total 17,4ur. Sesu;i-. k"™- ^"*'" '^'"'"■' ^"■"'"8'°n='»•'■» "^0-. ■A'. Car'.: near a fork of the Catawba r., 190 m. W. Kaleigh. Marion, p. v.. and cap. .Marion co., 0)Uo:i\ m X bv W C olumbus. Drained by a fork of the Scioto r, which p..«scs through its W. part. Surface level ; soil fertile. tJ.c I I situate in .S. part of t and contains many line buildi,,.^ the most conspicuous of which are the court-house, iaii'-.nd churches. Thereare also tanneries, grist-mill,,saw-mi,|J .;"d pS:"^iri:^^:'2r^f'^""^-°"''"=^-'(^-) H^'^rburg.'^- "■''""'"" '"•■^^""■••^^-^•S-W. Mario.n, p. o., Hartford co., Cor,,,.: 7 m. N. Hartford Marion, p. v., and cap. Smyth co., iv,-,, - on s siH„ middle fork Holston r., 237 m. W. S. W. Eiehm„"d Th \ irginia and Tennessee It. E. passes through the village Makion, p. o., Kenosha county, ir«e..- 77 m. S E -Madison. Marion Crrv, p. v., Marion co., Mo. .• 93 m N E Jefferson City, on the W. bank of the MissLssippi'r, 7 m. below Quincy, and 7 m. E. Palmyra, the captol of tte county, for which latter place it is the shipping port. The country round about is very rich, and abounds in excellent timber and coal It contains several steam, saw, and o^^te mills, and has about 600 inhabitants. „ '^^'"'"f *;;?" P- ■'•' "■"' •="''• '^"'™ *"-. S. Ca,:: on m'^' w iS °^'"'^'' "■' "" """'™' "' G^eat Pedee Eiver, , : Z'^- ^- '^""™'''"- '^'"' Wilmington and Man! Chester E. E. runs through the v. It contains a court-ho,^ jail several stores, and dwelhngs. The "Marion Star" (ind.) IS issued weekly. IUrion Mili.,, p. o., Washington co.. Me. - lis m r Augusta. ■ Mabjosa county, Ca!!/. Situate S. middle, and contains about 16,000 sq. m. It lies E. of the Coast Ean<'e, and ex! tends to the E. line of the State. The U. W. part is drained . by the San Jo.-iquin and its branches, and forms the head of the San Joaquin valley. This part is rich in gold mines which are much wrought, and vcrv productive. The soil ! here is very fertile. The Sierra Nevada, or SnowT Mount- ains .and their spurs, occupy a large part of the N E and E of the county, p.-Lssing through it in a S. S. E. direction' Between them and the Coast Kange in the S. is a I-irge basin, drained by numerous sm.ill rivers, emplyini' into Tulare Lake, a sheet of water 50 miles long, and uror 1" broad In this basin is excellent grain and grassland, but little of which IS under cultivation. Mariposa, p. v., and cap. Mariposa Co., Cali/. .- on the S bank of a r. so called, an aniuent of the San Joaquin It is a growing place, and in common with an exu-osive tract around ,t, is owned by Colonel Fremont The quartz in Uiis region is highly auriferous, and is attraeUng the atten- tion of capitalists and miners. Marissa, p. v., St. Clair, co.. m. : situate on the horde, of a ferile prau-ie, S. E. part of county, 109 miles S. J^prinsni'lu. MAR1T-.S, p. 0., Morrow co., Ohio: 39 m. N. Columbus. Markesam, p. 0., .Marquette county. Wise: 45 m N .Madison. -Markesdorocqii, p. 0., Warren co., JT. Jer.: mm ^ Trenton. -M.vntsvii.Ln, p. v., and cap. Avoyelles par., Za. ■ ne.-tr Lake Pearl, 67 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. It is the seal of tlie parish cfiurl-house. MARKSV11.I.E, p. v.. Page co., Tirg.: in a valley of the Blue Lidgc -Mountains, which fonn the E. boundary of the CO., 85 m. N. W. Eielimond. Marhioro', p. o., Carroll CO., Term. .- 83 m W bv B Nashville. - . o. MAR MAR Maklboboucii disirict, S. Car. Situate N. E.. and con- tains 44S sq. m. Bounded "VV. hj the Great Pedee, and drained by its branches, and E. by heads of Little Pedee. Surface elevated and somewhat uneven. Soil generally fertile. Cotton is the chief product. Corn is a good crop, and larace nmnbers of hogs are reared. It has fine water privilcgee, and valuable manufactures of cotton goods and flour. Farms. (VJl ; manuf. 2^; dwell. O'ii), and pop.— wh. 5,033, fr. col. 156, si. 6,cdo— total lOJSO. Cnjntal: Bennets- ville. Maklborouch. p. o., Uartford co., Coim. : 5 m. Tlartford. "Marleorougii, t. and p. v., Middlesex eo., ^(/*.?.; 25 m. \V. Bosl'ui. Drained by branches of Concord r., and a number of small ponds. Surface undulating, and soil very fertile. Agricultural pursuits are the chief employment of the in- habitants. Products of tlie t, are large, consisting of cattle, pork, the dairj*. etc., which are sent to Bi>ston market chiefly by the Lancaster and Sterling Branch R. K., wliich passes through the N. W. part of t., at Fcltonville, and coimecia with road to the city. "Manufactures of i. consist of booLs, shoes, and cabinet-ware. The v. is pleasantly situated, sur- rounded by beautiful scenery. Pop. of t 2.9-lL Marlbokough, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, JV. Ramp. : 41 ni. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Ashnelot r. Surface uneven; soil rocky, but good for grazing. There are a number of small ponds in the t. There are several mills, manufactories, and workshops. The v. is in "W. part, and Uirough it the Cheshire E. E. passes, distant 3G ra. from Fitchburg. Pop. of t. 386. MARLBOEoucn, p. 0., Monmouth co., K. Je7\ : 81 m. E. Trenton. Marlborouoh, t. and p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : 69 m. S. Albany. Drained by Old Man's Kill, flowing into the Hud- son r., which latter bounds it on theE. Surface very uneven ; soil clay loam, and veiy fertile. The v. is situate near the Hudson r. and Old Man's Kill. It contains several lumber yards, manufactories, etc Pop. of t. 2,405. MARLBonouGH, t. and p. v., Stark co., OJtlo : 107 m. IT. E. Columbus. Drained by several small streams. Surface uneven; soil very good, abounding with beech and sugar maple. The v. in N. E. part of L is a thriving settlement Pop. of t. 2,133. MART,iioEOUGn, t. and p. c, Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. S. E. IIarrisl>urg. Drained by several small streams flowing into the Delaware. Surface rolling ; soil, red shale. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. Marlborougu, t. and p. v., Windham co.,Fc;vn. ; 99 m. S. Moutpelier. Drained by a branch of "West r. and Whet- stone brook. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and very pro- ductive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and potatoes. There are some mineral and medicinal springs m the t ; and it hua several stores, mills, and workshops. The v. is in N. part of t,, through which the Brattleboro' and Bennington post- road passes. Pop. of L S96. Marlbeook, p. 0., Hraipstead co.,Ari;: 115 m. S. W. Little Eock. Marley's Mills, p. o., Eandolpb co., A'i Cor. : 71 m. W. Ealeigb. Marlin Bottom, p. o., Pocahontas co., H/v. -' 147 in. W. N. W. Eichmond. Marlow, t. and p. v., Cheshire CO., 2f. Ramp. : W. by S. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r. Surface level ; soil good. The v. is situate N. of the r. The t has several mills and workshops. Pop. 70S. Maklton, p. o., Burlington eo., Jtton is the great staple, and the crop very large. Cnm yields well generally, and pork is a considerable export. It has fine water privileges, au>l valuable and increasing manu- factures. Farms 536; manuf. 12; dwell. 1,301, and pop. — wh. 7,053. fr. col. 25, si. SOS— total 8,^6. CapiUil: War- renlon. Public Works: Alabama and Tennessee Eiver Railroad. Mar.sii.ixl coimty, 777, Situate N. centrally, and contains 472 sq. m. Intersected by the Illinois, and drained by its branches, Crow, Sand, and Senachwinc creeks. Surface level or gently undulating. Soil very rich, consisting of large prairies, and heavily wooded alluvial bottoms. Com and wheat are the leading ccops. The pasturage is superior, and raising cattle and slieep nmeh attended to. Farms 464 ; manuf. 11; dwell. 910, and pop.— wh. 5,178, fr. col. 2 — total5,lS0. Capital: Lacon- Pulldc Wor&s: IllinoisCen- tral R. R. >LvEsnALL county, ImJ. Situate N. middle, and contains 442 sq. m. Drained by Yellow r. centrally, and Pine cr. N. W., branches of Kankakee r., and S. E. by Tippecanoe r. Surface mostly level, soinctimea roUing, and about one 433 •it MAR half good timber land. Soil fertile, and adapted fur fitrming in aU its branchee. Coru and wheat, live-sloek and wool, are produced, Water-power is plentiful, and iron ore abun- dant. Farms 570 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 92S, and pop,— wh. 5,:U6, fr. col. 2— total 5,34S. O/pitul : Plymouth. Mai:shall count}", la. Situate centrally, and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by the Iowa and its branches. Surface Elighily uneven ; soil fertile, and finely adapted to grazinj?. It has exceilout mill streams and abundance of timber. Farms ai; raanuf. 0; dwell. 62. and pop.— wh. 33S, fr. col. 0— total 33S. CapiUil: Timber Creek. Marshall county, Ky. Situate \V., and contains 27S sq. m. Bounded N. and E. by the Tennessee, and drained by Ite affluents, Clark'S r. and Jonathan's cr. Surface diversi- fied, and ill parts hilly; soil very productive. Corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco, are the agricultural products. Pork is exported in large quantities. Water-power is plentiful, and manufactures increasing. Farms 415; manuf. 7; dwell. 8G5, and pop.— wh. 5,020, fr. coL 0, si. 249— total 5,269. .Capital: Benton. Marshall county, Miss. Situate N., and contains S06 SQ. m. Brained IJ. by "Wolf cr. and branches of Cold "Water r., affluwils of the Mississippi, and S. by Taliahateliie r., a branch of the Yazoo. Surface rolling, or moderately uneven ; soil fertile. The staple products are cotton and com, which are excellent crops. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are success- fully cultivated, and large numlicrs of neat cattle and swine are raised, the latter furnishing a considerable export It tas extensive manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, flour, lumber, and leather. Fanns 1,611; manuf 54^ dwell. 2,806, and pop.— wh. 14.271, fr. col. 1, si. 15,417— total 29,639. Capital: Holly Springs. Makshall county, Tcnn. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 267 sq. m. Drained by Duck r., a branch of the Tennessee, and its aiHuents. Surface diversified, in parts somewhat broken ; soil highly productive. Com is the staple cereal, and a very heavy crop. Wheat, cotton, oats, and tobacco are aU profitalile crops. It is also a supe- rior grazing county, and feeds large numbers of cattle and cheep, besides exporting a great deal of pork. Good mil! streams arc numerous, and occupied by many small manu- factories. Farms 1,032 ; manuf. 88; dwell. 2,001, and pop. — wh. 11.916, fr. col. 66, si. 3,634— total 15,616. Capital: Lewisburg. Marshall county, Yirg. Situate N. W., and contains 871 sq. ra. Drained by Wheeling, Big and Little Grave, and Fish creeks of the Ohio, which forms its W. boundar>'. Surface various, in parts quite hilly ; soil furtile, Cora, "Wheat, oats, and potatoes are thrifty cmps, and it is well fitted for grazing. It has good water-power, and rapidly increasing manufactures of flour, iron, lumber, etc. Coal and iron ore are extensively found. Farms S47 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 1,66S, and pop.— wh. 10,050, fr. col. 39, si. 49— total 10,138. Capit^Jl: EUzabethtown. Puhlic WorAt : Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Marshall, p. v., and cap. Clark co., lU. : on the National Eoad, 105 m. E. S. E. Sprmgfleld. It contains a court-house and oilier county offices. The railroad between Terre Haute and Alton will pass through it Marshall, t, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., 3fich. : 31 m. 8. S. W. Lansing. Drained principally by Kalamazoo river and Bice cr. There are a number of other small streams nmning through it. Surface undulating ; soil, sand and rich clay loam, producing large quantities of grain. It has ex- tensive water-power, andu number of mills, manufactories, and a furnace. The v. is pleasantly situate at the confluence of Rice cr. with the Kalamazoo. It contains the court- house and several fine buiblings. The Michigan Central E. R. passes through it. lOS m. from Detroit. There are 4 weekly papers here, the " Statesman," and "Democratic Expounder." Pop. of t 2,923. Marshall, p. v., and cap. Saline co.. Jifo.: near Salt Fork, a branch of Black r., GS m. N. W. Jeffcreon City. 434 MAR Marshall, t. and p. c, Oneida county, J^. Y. : 89 m. W. N. W. Albany. Surface rolling ; soil fertile. Drained by titrij-kany cr. The Chenango Canal passes through ita N. W. part. Deans v. is situate on the canaL The L has several fiouring and grist mills, and some other industrial establishments. Pop. 2,115 Marshall, p. o., Bath co., A'y. ; 59 m. E. Frankfort. Makhhall, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: at the head of a fork of Brush cr., 59 m. S. S. W. Colonibus, and on the Cin- cinnati, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg R. R., 7 ni. E. Ilillsboro'. Marshall, p. o., Marshall county, Iitd.: 107 m. N, Indianapolis. Maicsjlvll, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Tkp..- on the water-shed between the Sabme r. and Caddo Lake, 2o6 m. N. E. Austin City, and distant about 24 ra. frum Shreveport, La. It is a flourishing v., containing the co. offices, etc., and has two newspapers, the *' Texas Republican" and the ''Star State Patriot," both issued weekly. The Texas and Louisiana R. R. wiU probably pass through Marshall, as doea now the post^road from ShrevcporU Pop. about 2,000. Marsuall's Creek, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. Marshall's Ferry, p. o., Graiuger co., Ten7i. : on Holstoa r., 193 m. E. Nashville. Marshaixsville, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio: 91 m. N. E. Columbus. Marshallsvtlle, p. v., Macon county, Ga. : 65 m. 9. W. MiiledgeviUe. The South-western R. R. passes through It, 35 m. from Macon. Marsualltos, p. v., Chester co., Pen7i.: 65 m. E. S. E, Harrisburg. Marsofizld, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Ma^s. : 2T m. S. E. Boston. Drained by North and South rivers. Surface level ; soil fertile. It is finely situate on Massachusetts Bay, Ship-building is carried on to some extent, and there are several manufacturing establlahments in the town. North, East, and South Marsbfield, are names of villages. 'I*he homestead and farm of the late Hon. Daniel Webster is sit- uate in the S. partof the t., about 12 m. N. Plymouth. Pop. of t 1.S37. Marshfield, p. 0., Erie county, K Y. : 263 m. W. by N. Albany. Maksiifield, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm. : 13 ra. E. by N. Montpelier, Drained by Onion r. and its branches, which pass through it. Soil varied; a part is good and well timbered, the rest wet and stony. The v. is situate on the left side of the r. Pop. of L 1,102. Mars Hill, Jfe. : a celebrated mountain near the lino of Maine, toward New Brunswick, in laL 40° 33' N. The ap- proach to this mounLtin is difficult; its sides are rugged and its summit bold. It has two culminations, one 1,363 feet* and the other 1,506 feet above the waters of Goose Quili r., New Bnmswick. Marshpee district, Barnstable co., Jf»r->s. : 59 m. S. S. E. Boston. This is an ancient Indian settlement, and is still chiefly inhabited by the descendants of the Marshpee tribe, but of mixed blQod. It contains 15,000 acres, or about 16 sq. m., and is secured to the Indians in perpetuity. The Marshpee and Quasbmet are considerable streams, which, with numerous ponds and the ocean, affor-l an abundant supply of fish. The inhabitants arc occupied chiefly in agriculture and in the manufacture of various kinds of In- dian ware. Many occupy themselves in the fisheries. They are docile and hospitable, and have long suppnrted a Chris- tian minister. The population numbers only 102, and yet it is the largest remnant of any of the tribes that once were lords of the whole countrj'. Mahsii's, station, Edgefield dist, S. Car.: on the South Carolina R. R., 123 ra. from Charleston, and 55 m. S. W Columbia. Mar,ston's Mills, p. o., Bamstable co., J/a^s. .• 01 m. S. E Boston. Martha Furnace, p. o., Hardin co.. III. : 175 m. S. E, Springfield, MAR MAR Martha Furnace, p. o., Centre co., Penn. : 45 m. N. "W. narrisburg. There is a furnitcc here lm\ing an annual ca.p.'ieity ior l,UiO tous; it was constructed in 1S32. M.vKTiiA Mjlls, p. o., Fleming county, Kf/. : 73 m. E. FranklWrL MAr.TU.iSvn.LE, p. v., \riirren co., Jfa. : on the N. side of the Missuuri r., 03 ni. E. JcllVrion City. ;Jaf,tiia5ville, f^la., M;icoa on., Gu.: on the Suuth West- ern K. li., 42 ra. S. by W. M:icon. Mautiia's Vt-NEYAKD, p. 0., Cbuthflin CO., y. Car. : 36 m. W. UiUeigh. MARTa.i.'s Vineyard, Mass.: an Island lying off the S. shore of Massachusells, S. of Falmouth, anj "W; N. \V. of Nantucket Island. It is 21 ni. long, and is a compoucnt of Dukes CO. The soil is poor, and some sheep and cattle are reared, but ih'; in!i.ibit;inls are eliielly ciigaiied in iho fish- eries. An Indian church was founded here in 1GC6. Orig- inally the colouy was govt-ined iudcpendeuDy ; in 1C64 it was united to New York, but in lCa2 it was granted to Massachusetts. Map.tickville, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 37 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg, Mautis county, Z/c/. Situate S. "W., and contains 3^34 sq. ni. Drained by E. n>rk of White r. and its branches, Lick, Beaver, and Indian creeks. Surface somewhat h.Uy. A large part of the co. is heavily timbereing to the east of Su-squehanna River and Chesapeake Bay. known locally as the "Eastern Shore," and which contains the counties of Worcester, Somerset, Dorchester, Talbot, Caroline, Queen Anne, Kent, and Cecil. It forms a part of that long peninsula which, projecting southward toward and into the Atlantic Ocean, divides the waters of Chesapeake and Delaware bays, and which, though of very limited extent, comprises the whole of one state, and portions of two others. The surface of the whole tract is level, and but slightly elevated above the sea ; and in everj- part its soils are more or loss sandy, but. in. their general character, may be considered as above the average in respect of their adaptation to the pur- poses of agriculture. Few rocks are found in any part, and the mineral deposits are chiefly bog-iron ore, chromes, etc., with aluminous and magnesia salts. Marl, shell-lime, marsh mud, peat or turf, and other agents used as fertilizers, abound. In the northern districts of this region, however, the countrj' is hilly, and in some parts has a rocky substratum — the rocks chiefly sandstone and slate. The forest growths consist principally of oaks of various specieji, hickorj-, chestnut, pine, locust, walnut, cedar, gum, beech, and a great variety of shrub and herbaceous annuals. Wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco are the staple productions ; and in the more southern conntiee, the cotton plant is said to succeed well. The climate is temperate, and highly favorable to the enjoyment and extended duration of life. The land area of this section js computed at 3,SSC sqare miles, or 2,167.040 acres. The peninsula, of which this portion of Mar>'land forms a part, is about ISO miles in length from the norlh line of the State to Cape Charles, and has an area of about 5,980 square miles; the neck between the inclosing bays is only about 17 miles wide ; but as it stretches southward, it expands gradually to the width of 70 miles, and then as gradually contracts until it terminates in a long, narrow tongue, called Aecomac Penin- sula, about 50 miles in length and 10 miles wide. The coast on the Chesapeake is deeply indented by numerous spacious gulfs and estuaries ; such as those at the confluence with the bay of the Pocomoke, Nanticoke, Choptank, Chester, and Elk rivers, each receiving considerable streams from tlie interior and affording great facilities to navigation. The eastern coast presents a striking contrast when compared with the western coast. "Between the ocean and the cultivated portion of the country, there is a prolonged sandy beach, varying from a few hundred yards to a quarter of a mile or upward in breadth, and extending the whole length of the coast, without a single outlet to the ocean, from Indian River, in Delaware, to the southern extremity of Chincoleague Island, in Virginia. Between this beach and the mainland lies Sincpuxt-nt Bay, from one to four or five miles wide, and nearly SO miles in length. It is a shallow sheet of water, navigable only to a short distance above South Point, at the lower end of Slnepuxent Neck." Some inlets thai formerly existed in this beach, and admitted the sea, are now closed, and the waters of the bay have become comparatively fresh. The second section, comprising what is usually called the Western Shore, consists of another peninsula lying inland between the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay, and np to the line of the river falls, which extend from above Port Deposit to above Georgetown. In its general features, soil, and productions, it closely resembles the section of country already described. It is alluvial in its formation, and lying principally on the western shores ot the bay, or upon the eastern bank of the lower Potomac, has the same climate as the " Eastern Shore." The counties comprised in this section arc St. Mar)''s, Calvert, Charles, Prince George,' Anne Arundel, Howard, parls of Montgomery, Baltimore, and Harford. The territorial extent of these counties is about 3.G9S square miles, or 2,366.530 acres. The leading geographical feature of the north-western part of this section, is the ledge of primitive rocks which runs from the left bank of the Potomac, in Montgomery County, north-eastwardly to the Susquehanna River, where it crosses the north line of the State. The primitive ledge forms a natural boundary between the alluvial region and the mountainous district of Marjiand, which latter constitutes the tldrrl, or western section, passing through which wc meet with, in succession, South-East Mountain, or Parr's Ridge, terminating with Sugar-Loaf Mountain, on the Potomac; Catoctin Mountain, reaching the same rivt-r at the Point of Rocks ; South Mountain, or Blue Eidgr-, crossing it at Ilarperis Ferry ; the Kittatinny, crossing it at Hancock ; liuKgcd Mountain, Wills Mountain, and other detached ridges ; and the great Alleghany ridge, traversing the far western part of the State. Many fine valleys interlie the mountains, whlcli in climate and soil are not surpassed by the most favored regions of the earth. Tliis section extends along the left bank of the Potomac to the western boundary of the State, and following the sinuosities of the river, is nearly 175 miles in length, but so irregular in shape, that though it is more tlian 100 miles wide at the eastern end, it is compressed in the middle by the near approach of the border lines of Virginia and Pennsylvania to a width of less than 3 miles. From the base of the primitive ledge, which is. in fact, a lower branch of tlie Appalachian rhain, the surface gradually rises to the head waters of the Potomac River 2,000 or more feet. This represents the rise from tide-water at Baltimore to the dividing grounds in Alleghany County, between the waters of the Potomac and those falling into Ohio River. Embraced in this scclinn are Carroll, Frederick, Washington, and Alleghany counties, which together cover an area of 2,590 square miles, or 1.657.600 acres. Chesapeake Bay, which divides the State into two unequal parts, in its greateirt extent, lies within Marj'Jand. It is a noble sheet of water, equaled in its commercial cnp.acities by few of the great estuaries that in various parts of the world have attracted the notice anO admiration of the mariner. Its entrance between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, is about 15 miles in width, and opens from east to west; but on penetrating the land it .suddenly changes its direction, and stretches from sontli to north over a distance of ISO miles, with a width in the southern part f»f 2') to SO miles, and in the northern part of about 10 miles. It is, throu-jliout, deep and navigable for large vessels, and it receives 436 MARYLAND. a preat many deep and navi>;al)le rivers, of wliieh the lariresl ami principal are frum Virgiuia, Its area is ah-iul 8,500 aquare mile.*?. Tlio biisqueliaiina liiver lias lis luwer course in Murylarnt ; Ilie tide reaehea I'ort Dep^'siL 5 iniles from its muulh, al>nvc which there are falls; Ihe Patapseu Kiver is a fine mill stream falling into the bay of tlie same name below Baltimore; the Patiixeal, Uie principal river of the Western !^hf liaryfami, Uie le«* important points being omitted or abbreviated. t By colleiling all llif rin-srl-i cimtntned in any tertiary deposit, and coinparint- tliem with exlsling species, tlie geologist la enabled to claflsiry tbe depnsits into one of tliree great groups. In tlie lowest deposit, or gnmp, btiS f"** recent apecirs are found. It is lh«nce called tlio eocene, cr dawn of recent upecies. Tlie next above contrnins n minority of recent upetiM, and is llionce called miocene. Over tbia uccurs a depoait ccmlaia ue ft mBJonty of receoC species, wliich ia called pliocene, and abore the la^t a deposit called tlie ^ost Dliocene 437 MARYLAND. that State. The decomposed sbells, or mart, of the tertiary have contributed, in scarcely a less degree, to the fertility of the lower counties of Murjiand. The head of tide-water forms the limit of the tertiary. On the western borders of this formation, all along the Atlantic ooaa'., all the great rivers descend by falls and rajiids. At these points tlie navigation is stopj)ed, and large cities have sprung lip. Thus the western boundary of the tertiary is a line of great geograpliical and political interest. Proceediag westward from the limit of the tertiary, we find a Ix-It of stratified metamori>hir, or hypogene rocks, which ranges nearly parallel with the Atlantic coast. These rocks include gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, and talcose slates, and beds of serpen- tine, granite, and limesloue. The width of tbis belt, in Maryland, from its eastern border to the points where its rocks begin lo be covered unconformubly with new red sandstone, is from 20 to 30 miles. This region is characterized by hills gem-rally of moderate height, but sometimes rising as high as 900 feet above raid tide. Their summits are roumled, and presciit a striking contrast to the long, steep, parallel ridges of the Allcghanies. The beds of the rivers which pass through this region are in deeply-clefl valleys, with rounded or abrupt sides, that afford small tracts of alluvial soil. The general inclination of these h>-pogene rocks is to the south-east, at an angle of about 45° ; the direction of the range is norlh-east and south-west. The principal minerals and rocks of economical value in this belt are the gneiss, which forms an excellent and indestructible material for ordinary building purposes; primary limestone, or saccharoidal raarble, extensively used for building purposes in Baltimore and "Washington; hydrosilicates of magnesia, which fumLsh a material kit the production of a large amount of magnesia. The serpentine of Harford County, and the northern border of Cecil Coxmty, has jielded a large amount of ferroxide of chrome, for making pigments and dyes; titaniated iron, which oeciu^ in gneiss, has been worked with success in Harford County. Ores of brown hematite, extensively used in Maryland for the manufacture of iron of excellent quality, occur in beds of clay and loam, particularly on the borders of the primary limestone within this belt Near Frederick, in passing westward, we perceive that the hypogene rocks begin to be covered with nnconfiirmable beds of red sandstone. This group of rocks is one of the nn^t remarkably uniform in the countrj', possessing the saue characteristics from the Hudson to North Carolina. It consists of dark reddish brown argillaceous sandstones, of crumbly-brown shales and course conglomerates. The strata dip gently toward the north-west, or toward the mountains. The beds, which show themselves along the south-eastern edge of the tract, consist mostly of coarse sandstones, alternat- ing with red shales. The central parts consist more exclusively of brown shales and bro^^'n argillaceous sandstone. The uppermost be.is, or those occurring along the north-western margin of the fonnalion, have frequently the character of coarse conglomurates, made up of pebbles derived from a great variety of rocks, chiefly those which occur at the base or on the siUe of the adjoining South Mountain. The beds of rock on the Potomac, which have furnished the material from which the columns in the House of Kepresentativee in the Capilol at "Washington have been constructed, belong to this formation, the pebbles and the cementing materials in these beds being of limestone. The few fossil fishes and shells found in this formation establish its age to be that of the upper new red sandstones of Europe, or the period of the middle a£;es of geological history. To this formation belong the most important localities of copper ures in Marjiand. Indeed, this formation is the depository of the principal copper mines in the "Cnitcd States, the beds containing the copper of Lake Superior being referred to this formation. After psissing the formation of new red sandstone, which occupies, as we have seen, a narrow trough in the hypogene or metamorphic rocks, proceeding westwardly, we approach the first ridge of the AUeghanies, or the greflt Apalachian chain. A rapid glance at the general features hi the structure of the whole chain will enable us to comprehend more fully the portion of the chain which exists in this State. This chain, geologically considered, extends from Vermont to Alabama, being more than 1.000 miles long, from 50 to lOO miles broad, and varying in height from SOO to 4,000 feet Unlike the great chains of many countries which cont:iin a principal central mountain, to which all the minor ranges tend, this system consists of a broad zone of almost innumerable parallel ridges of neariy equal parallel height The characteristic features of the ridges are great length, narrowness, and steepness, the evenness of their summits, and their remarkable parallel'ism ; many of them are almost straight for more than 50 miles. This feature, combined with their steep slopes and sharp and level summits, gives them tlie appearance, seen in perspective, of so many colossal intrench- menls. The first belt of the chain, luuing in a less degree the characteristics above mentioned, is the narrow undulating mouut'iin range, called in New York and New Jersey, the Highlands ; in Pennsylvania, the South Mountain ; in Mary- land, the South Mountain or Blue Kidge— the latter name being applied to the range in Virginia— the Catoctin M«>untain, which is the first chain of importance which presents itself in Maryland as we proceeil west, being a spur of the Blue Padg*. The rocks of this belt are, for the most part, of the older metamorphic strata, including gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, argillaceous, ami talcoso slates, and the Pottsdam sandstone. Such is the character of the rocks exposed by the canal and railroad excavations at Harper's Ferry. Immediately north-west of this mountain range is the great Apala- chian Valley, which ranges from Vermont to Alabama under various local names. The portion lying in Maryland is called the Hagerstown Valley. The latter, hke the continuation of the same valley norlh and south, is principally based upon the Trenton limestone, remarkable as containing all the great caverns in the country. Beyond tbis valley to the Dorth-west is a wide belt of long, narrow, parallel ridges and included valleys, spreading north-westward lo tlie foot of tlie great plateau of the Alleghany or Cumberiand Mountain. This belt lias a brcadtli varjing from .30 to 60 miles. These narrow and parallel ridges consist of stra'a folded into a succession of convex and concave strata, which have been sub- sequently laid ojien by denudation. They consist ofsilurinn, devonian, and carboniferous formations, adopting the terms applied to similar formations in England—the older groups, or silurian, lymg chiefly along the south-eastern flank of the Apalaehlans, and the carboniferous making their appearances as wo procet?d west It is evident that these beds, now so much folded and fractured, were originally horizontal, and fornud continutius deposits with the rocks of the great western coal field. It appears that the bending and fracture of the beds is greatest on the Atlantic side of the chain, and the strata becomes less and less disturbed as we proceed toward the west The most important feature in the geologj- of the Ap.ilac1iian chain, aj it exists in Maryland, is the occurrence among its strata of the cari)oniferous furmation.'and its included beds of coal and ores of iron. There are three important coal areas within the Slate ; two north-west of the 8o-cRlled Backbone of the Alleghany Mountain; the north-west, or Tioughiogeny field, estimated to contain '2ri0 square miles; the middle area, between Negro and Meadow mountains, estimated to contain 120 square miles. These fields lying in the midst of a forest region, have not been thoroughly explored. The estimates of their value can not be much relied on. This is of compnratively little importance, as from their location they must remain for a long time undisturbed. The Frostburg. or Cumberiand coal basin, lies between Davis Mountain to the east, and Savage Mountain to the west, extending within the State 20 miles in length, with an average breadth of 4J miles. The carboniferous strata, compoeing 483 MARYLAND. Iho coal serii-.s, consisting, as olsewhere, of shale, grit, sandstone, limestone, arcjillaceous iron ore, and coal, dip on every side toward the centre of the trough. The successive beds have been compared, in shape, lo a great nunilier of Indian canoes, placed one within the other. The entire thickness of the coal measures about t,500 fccf.. The present surface of the basin is irregiUar, as it has been intersected by numerous deep ravines, formed by streams and rivers. By these means large portions of the beds have been swept away. "Wherever the beds have been cut off by the intervention of a valley, they are seen on the opposite sides at the same level, showing that the beds were once cuntinuous. The whole amount of denudation has been estimated at '2('),25(» acres, S0,s47 acres or 135 srpiare miles, being the atii)posed present area of the coal. This denudation has given great fiieilily for exploration of the strata and working the c-il, and saves the large expenditures necessary in other regions for draining the mines. The whole quantity of coal may be extructed mthout the use of a shaft. The principal seam has been 10 feet in thickness of workable coal, and there are several other workable beds of less thickness : the whole tbtekness of available coal having been estimated at 45 feet. The data above given, supposing the whole coal to be aect'ssilile, would make the gross amount in this basin 6,805,137.827 tons, and the available quantity, making the ordinarj' deduction?, over four thousand million tons. The analysis of the Cumljcrland coal shows it to be of the kind denominated dry oi" close burning, or intermediate between the fat ooal of Pitt-^iiurg and the anthracite of rennsylvania. Experiments prove that this coal. In evaporative power, occupies the very highest place among American coals. This is furlber demonstrated by its extensive use in the ocean steamers. It will be seen from (his rapid sketch, in whieh, from want of space, many interesting details are omitted, that the State of Marylan—vjh. 195, fr. col. 36, and si. 23— total 254 ; 7,liml—\\\\. 193, fr. col. 71, and si. 43— total 307 ; iiiMV:e—\\\\. 477, fr. col. 63, and si. 24— total ."loS; .and i'lwti^ — wh. 208, fr. col. 53, and si. 7"2 — total 393. The number of fVee persons bom in the United States was 488,910; the number of P'reign birth 53,258; and the number of birlh unknown 462. The lurtire population originated as follows : Maine 456, N. Hamp. 200, Verm. 202. Mass. 1.421, K. I. 209. Conn. 4S4, N. York 2.016, N. .ler. 1,321, Ptnn. 10,070, Del. 4.373, Man/land 400,.594, DIst. of Col. 1,940, Virg. 7,030, N. Car. 235, S. Car. 168, Ga. 74, Flor. 37. Ala. 51, Miss. 143, La. 181, Tex. 24, Ark. 14, Tenn. 39, Ky. 131, Ohio 635, Mich. 16, Ind. 65, 111. 64, Mo. SO, la. 5, Wise. 4. Calif. 1. and territories 1 ; and the/>rfi{7)i population tvas composed of persons from — Fnglau-I 8,407, Irokind 19..557. Scotland 1.093, "W.ales 260, Germany 26,936, Frimce 507, Spain IS, Portugal 29, nelgium 5, Holland 100, Turkey 11. Italy 83. Austria 16, Switzerland 68, Pvussia 23, Denmark .35, Norway 10, Sweden 57, Prussia ISS, Greece 0, China 1, Asia 2, AlWca 10. British America 215, Mexico 8, Central America 0, South America ,52, "West Indies 279, Sandwich Islands 2, ami other countries 251. The following t.al>le will exhibit Iho decennial progress of the popidation since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : C'llnred I'er«r>ns. Census Wliile Years. Persons. 1790 208,649 ISOO 216,.326 1810 235,117 1820 200,222 1880 291,108 1S40 818.204 1850 Free. ... S.043 . . . . 19.587 . ... 83,927 . . . . 39,730 . . . . 52.988 . . . . 62,078 . ... 417,943 74,723 , Slave. Tflal. , 103,ctt6 111.075 . . 10.5.635 12.5.222 . , 111, .502 145.429 . , 107.39S 147.128 . 1112.994 1.5.5.033 . . 89.737 151.815 . . 9n,.363 105.091 . T,.t;,l Pnpnlnll'.n. .. 819.738 . .. .341.548 , . 8S0,.546 . . . 407.-350 . . 447.040 . . . 470,019 . . 683.0.34 . Derenn al Increases Numerical. Per ceot. 21.820 . .... 6.83 35,998 . ....11.41 20.804 . .... 7.04 89,690 . . .... 9.74 22.979 .. .... 5.14 118,015 .. .... 24.04 The statistics of the wealth .and industry of the State, as ascertained by the census of 1850, and in accordance with othor ofBcial documents referring to the same period, are as follows : Oanipifd Z«>«^'!.— Improved lands 2,797,905 acres, and unimproved lands 1,836,445 acres— valued in cash at $87,178,54.5. The whole number of faims under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, 21,800. Value of farming imple- ments and machluery, $2,463,443. ^^j MARYLAND. Live'Stork. — Horses, 75,GS4; asses and mules, 5,644; mileh cows, S(-),^ri9; workine: oxen, S4,13o; other cattle, 9S..^95; sheep, 177,902; and swine, 352.911— .'le value of tjiesc in the airsregate, $7.9t>7,t>>4. ^ In 1^40 the number of horses, mules, etc., was 92,2'.i0 ; of neat cattle, including mileh cows, working oxen, and other cattle, 225,714 ; of sheep, 257,923 ; and of swine, 41G,943._ These statistics exhibit iu the decade iuicrveuing, a decrease of 10,892 horses, mules, etc., of 6,125 cattle, of 80,tl20 sheepi and 64,li32 swine. 0-radn (.'/ops.— Wheat, 4,494,05(1 bushels; rye, 22G,01J bushels ; Indian com, 10,749,669 bnshels; oats, 2,242,151 bushels; barley, 745 lujshels; buckwheat, 103,671 bushels. The production of the same crops, according to the census of lS40,wa3: wheat, 3,545,7So bushels: rye, 7-23,577 bushels; Indian corn, 8,233,086 bushels; oats, 8,534,211 bushels; barley, 8,591 bushels; and buckwheat 78,606 bushels. Otiier Food Ornps.—Veaa and beans, 12,SI0 bushels; and potatoes— Irish, 764,939 bushels, and sweet, 208,998 buBhoIs. The potato crops together iu 13.39-40, were 1,030,433 bushels. « Mi-^ceUiiiimm O/ryw.— Tobacco, 21,407,497 (in 1840, 24,816,012) poutids; hay, 157,956 (in 1340, 100,687) tons; dover- seed, 15,217 bushels; other grass-seed, 2,561 bushels; hops, 1,S70 pounds; hemp — dow-rotted, 63 tons, and water-rotted, tone; flax, 85,686 pounds; flax-seed, 2,446 busbels; maple sug,ar, 47,740 pounds, and maple molasses, 1,430 gallons (all from Alleghany County) ; wine, 1,431 gallons, etc Value of orchard products, $164,051 ; and of market-g.-irdco products, $200,869. Products 0/ .((reimn?*.— Wool, 450.226 (in 1840, 488,201) pounds; butter, 3,806,160 pounds; and cheese, 8,975 pounds. Value of animals slaughtered during the year, $1,954,800* SUk cocoons were produced to the amount of 30 pounds ; and beeswax and honey to that of 74,802 poimds. Aggregate value of home-made man itfactares for the year, $111,821. Mamt/uctures — Capital invested, $14,753,143; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $17,320,734; average hands employed, 80,124— males 22,641, and females 7,483 ; average monthly cost of labor $014,566— male $544,931, and female $69,625; aimual value of products $32,477,702. The amount of capital invested in 1840 was $6,450,284, and hence the manttfucturing interests of Maryland have duplicated in the decade. The whole number of industrial establishments, manufacturing to the value of $500 and upward, on the 1st June, 1850, was 3,708, comprising 143 several pursuits, and of these 76 were .tgricultural implement faet<.>ries, 232 blacksmith shops, 464 boot and shoe shops, 61 brick fields, 141 cabinet-ware factories, 234 carpenters' and builders' shops, 125 cigar factories, 265 clothing shops, 52 coach, etc., factories, 99 coopers' shops, 21 curriers' shops, 16 distilleries, 83 cotton factories, 43 woolen fectories, 5 forges, 10 brass founderies, and IS iron founderies, 19 furnaces, 15 machine shops, 245 flour-mills, 147 grist- mills, 25 paper-mills, 118 saw-mills; mines — 3 coal, 3 copper, 1 gold, and 21 iron; 10 piano-forte factories. 12 plumbing shops, 71 saddleries, 24 ship-building yards, 116 tanneries, 33 wheelwright shops, etc, the remaining handicrafts being those common to every civilized coimbry. .The following table will show the details of some of the largest manufactures: iiT-»..r» •.,-.» Capitnl Id- Vnlue of Raw Average H.lnda Monllily Cost Value of Annual JllannlactorM. vdcil. Miiterail, etc. En.pl„yeJ, ot Lnbor. Projuota. Boot and Shoe $297,965 $504,210 2,766 $60,261 •$1,S72,.35S Brick-kilns 280,530 124,279 1,381 83,.33t 471,450 Cabinet-ware 301,215 208,895 908 23,031 705,175 Clothing 62S,940 1,327,481 5,293 70,616 2,662,127 DUtUlerics 164,300 457,0.38 63 1,485 566,064 Factories— Cotton.. 2,248,000 1,853,361 3,247 88,112 2^21,396 " Woolen. 258,100 176,518 870 6,144 319,240 Forges— Iron 94,500 78,9.35 90 2,853 186,000 Foundries" 253,100 230,502 5!55 15,444 515,862 Furnaces " I,033,6ii0 , 576,225 1,351 20,671 1,048.250 Machinery 257,500 120,843 458 12,591 497,550 Mills— Flour ....... 1,888,400 4,126,824 602 9,065 4,918,576 " Grist 264,150 432,683 1S5 2,806 539,689 « Paper 184,800 118,668 186 2,401 234,365 " Boiling 196,000 210,664 175 5,016 282,531 " Saw 195,350 185,030 804 5,191 899,778 Mining— Coal 605,000 — 210 5,450 196,000 " Iron 84,760 — 274 5,344 171,675 Ship-buUding 164,000 273,985 678 26,722 632,100 Tanneries 628.900 725,612 479 8,084 1,103,189 In the cotton manufacture there were consumed 23,825 bales of cotton; In the woolen manufacture, 480,300 pounds- of wool ; and in the tanneries, 169,535 hides and 03,810 skins. Tntenuil Communication. — Maryland h:is projected and completed a magnificent system of railroads and canals. At an early period of its State history the necessity of opening communication with the west and the interior was agitated, and in some measure the projecis of that day were matured by opening the navigation of the Upper Potomac, and more recently by building the great national road west from Cumberland. These works, however, have been superseded by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extending from Alexandria in Virginia to Cumberland, 191 miles, and the Baltimore and Ohio Uailroad, from Baltimore to Wheeling, on the Ohio Itivcr, 319 miles. These two groat thoroughfares secure Jo the principal sea-port of the State a vast amount of Western commerce, and open to the markets of the East the rich mineral deposits of Alleghany County, etc. The other great avenues within the State are the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Kailroad, the Baltimore and Susquehanna Kailro.ad, and the Washington Branch Railroad, etc., which, with their external connections, communicate with every portion of the irnion. Besides these there is a short cana! and railroad across the neck of the Delaware Peninsula, the canal being navigable for sloops and barges, and also the Susque- hanna and Tide-water Canal. The total length of completed railroad within Maryland in Januar)-, 1853, was 544 miles, or in the proportion of 1 mile to every 18 square miles of its territory, or to every 1,072 inhabitants. Foreign Comm-erco. — In regard of foreign commerce, Maryl.and ranks Hflh or sixth among the United Slates. Accord- ing to the report of tlie Puegister of the Treasury for tlio jx-ar ending 80th June, 1850, the total exports were valued at 440 MARYLAND. $G,967,353 ; the value of domestic produce was $6.5S(».4S1, of which the value of that portion carried in American ships was $4,Go7.1S5, and of that carried in foreign, $1,932,296; au5... . 2,227 . . . . . 2,824 . . . .193,0S7... Navigated by Steam. ... 1-3,115 Districts. Baltimore Oxford Pertn't. Tetnp'rj-. . . 67,061 23.6II9 . . Per.n't. . . . 57,612 . ...12,066. . . . 14,941 . ... 9,226. ... 2.14S. ... 2,221. . . . 2,299 . ...100,514 Ten r'ry. Snow Hill Si. M.iry's Town Creek Annapolis Total ... .. 67,061 23,609 .. -•• ... 42 ... . ... 25.... . . . . 1,903 .... 336 .. 13,451 ; as above, waa 15 vessels, of an aggregate burden 4 steamers ; and of the whole araount, 66 vessels in Oxford, 27 sehoonere (1,.533 tons) in Vienna, and The total amount of shipping built in the State, in the year endinf of 15,965 tons, of which 16 were ships, 5 brigs, 125 schooners, and (11,653 tons) were built in Baltimore district, 31 schooners (1,753 tons) 26 schooners (990 tons) in Snow Ilill. The following table exhibits the movements in the values of imports and exports for a series of years embraced between 1791 and 1850 inclusive : Imports. Years. Exports. 1791 $2,239,691 . 1792 2,623,803 . 1793 3,G65,(lfl6 . 1794 6,636.191 . 1795 5,311,330 . 1796 9,201,315 . 1797 9,811,930 . 1798 12,746,190 . 1799 16,299,609 . 1300 12,264,331 . ISOl 12,767,530 . 1S02 7,914,225 . 1803 5,073,063 . 1304 9,151,939 . 1305 10,359,430 . 1806 14,530,905 . 1S07 14,293,034 . ISOS 2,721,106 . 1309 6,627,320 . 1310 6,439,013 . $- Yeara. Enports. 1311 $6,3*3,937 ... 1312 5,335,979 ... 1313 3,737,865 ... 1314 24S,4-S4 . . . 1815 6,036,601 . . . 1316 7,333,767 ... 1317 8,933,930 ... ISIS 8,570,634 ... 1819 5,926.216 ... 1320 6,609,364 ... 1821 3,850,394 . . . 1822 4,536,796 ... 1823 5,030,223 . . . 1324 4,863,233 . . . 1325 4,501,304 ... 1326 4,010,743 ... 1327 4,516.406 ... 1323 4,.334,4-22 ... 1329 4,804.455 ... 1330 8,791,432 ... Imports. 4,070,341 4,7<.>--',4S6 4,946,179 4,551,442 4,751,815 4,923,669 4,4116,703 6,629,094 4,304,136 4,523,866 Yearn, Esporls. Importfl. 1331 ... ....$4,303,647 .. . $4,S26.57T 13:?3 ... .... 4,499,918 .. . 4.629,303 1333 . . . .... 4,062,467 .. . 5,437,057 18:M . . . .... 4,168,246 .. . 4,647,48.3 1S35 ... .... 8,92.6,2:M .. . 6,647,163 1336... .... 3,675,475 . . 7,131,867 1887 . . . .... 3,739.917 . . 7,367,033 1398 . . . .... 4,.5-24,675 . . 5,701,869 1839 . . . .... 4,.'>76,.')61 . . 6,995.235 1340 ... .... 5,763,763 .. . 4,910,746 1341 ... .... 4,947,166 .. . 6,101,313 1343 ... .... 4,9114,766 . . 4.417.078 1343 ... .... 6.016.556 .. . 2,479,1.33 1344 ... ...'. 6,133,166 .. . 3,917,750 l*!.") ... .... 6,369,053 . . 4,042,915 1346 . . . .... 6,869,065 . . 4.042.915 1347 ... .... 9,76-2,'ii4 . . 4,4.32.314 134S ... .... 7,129,732 . . 6,.34.3,64S 1349 ... .... 8,000,660 . . 4.976,731 1360 ... .... 0,967,353 . . 6,124,201 Sanl-s.—The aggregate condition of 23 banks and 2 branch banks in Marjiand, according to the returns of January, 1351, were as foHows : I.ia?iiUti&s—(ai>iUt\ $18,123,331, circulation $3,532,869, deposits $5,833,706, due other banks $1,928,206, and other liabilities $9,395; and assrf.s— loans and discounts $14,900,816, stocks $700,417, real estate $406,245, other investments $763, due by other banks $1,173,200, notes of other banks $966,796, specie fund $73,562, and specie $2,709,055. Gmenimmt.—T\ie present constitution of Maryland was done in convention ISth May, 1851, ratified by the people 4tli June, 1861, and went into operation 4th .July, 1851. It supplanted the old constitution of 1776, which had, however, been amended more than twenty times. This constitution provides fhat every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, resident in the Stale one year, and in the county, town, or city where his vote is offered, for the six mouths next preceding the election, may vote. Citizens removing from one part of the Slate to another do not lose one residence before acquiring another. Persons convicted of giving or receiving bribes, and persons kuowingly casting illegal votes, are forever disqualified to hold any office of trust or profit, or to vote at any election thereafter, and are in addition pun- ishable by fine and imprisonment. No citbten convicted of larceny or other infamous crime, unless pardoned, and no Innatic or non compos can vote. The general election is held on the first Wednesday in November. The I^fjislature is composed of a Senate of 22 members, one from each county and the city of Baltimore, and chosen for four years, and a IIouso of Delegates, composed of not less than 65 nor more than SO members (now 74) chosen for two years from single districts. Members of both houses must have resided in the State for three years, and in the district for wliicli elected for the last year thereof, and Senators must be at least 25, and delegates 21 years of age. After the returns of each federal census are published, commencing with that of 1350, the Assembly shall reapportion the delegates acconling to population, but Baltimore city shall always have fbur delegates more than the most populous county, and no county shall have less than two members. After 1854 the sessions will be biennial. No bill shall become a law unless passed by a majority of all the members elected, and on its flnal passage the ayes and noes shall be recorded ; and no law shall take effect until the 1st .Tune next after the session when it is passed. The Legislature meets at AnnapoUs on the first Wednesday in January annually. MARYLAND. The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and hia term, commencing on the 2d "Wednesday of January, shall continue four years. He must be 30 years of age, a citiztn of the United Status, and a resident of the Stale f'.r five years preceding his election, and three years a resident of the district IVom uhicli he is ek-cted. For the purpose of electing the Governor the State is divided into three districts, and he is elected from each successively. The first district comprises SL Mary, Charles, Calvert, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Montgomery, and Howard counties, and Baltimore City; the 6econd district, the eight counties of the Kasteni shore, and the third district, Baltimore, Frederick, "Washington, Alleghany, and Carroll counties, lie is obligated to reside at the scat of government during his official term. He may grant pardons, but not until after a publication in the newspapers of the applications made therefor and the day when a tuaritig will be had, and he shall report every case to the Legislature. In e:ise of vacancy the President of the Senate, and after him the Speaker of the House of Delegates shall act as Governor until an f-leetiou by the people. The adminutrative officers of the State are — a Secretary of State, appninled by the Governor to hold office during his term ; a State Treasurer and Comptroller, whose accounts the Governor is bound to examine semi-annually, or oftener if necessary; Commissioners of the Land Office, of Stamps, and of Public '\Vorks, and an Adjutant-general, the latter of which is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, to hold office for six years. The Judiciary consists of a Court of Appeals, Circuit Court, Orphans* Court, etc. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction only ; the judges, four in number, are elected from districts by the voters therein for 10 years, unless they before reach the age of 70 years. They must be above 30 years of age, citizens of the State at least five years, resident of the judicial district from which elected, and have been admitted to practice in the State. The court appoints its own clerk, to hold office six years, and he may be re-appointed at the end thereof. The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, may designate any one of the four judges elected to be Chief Justice. The judicial districts are, 1st — Alleghany, "Washington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford counties ; 2d — Montgomery, Howard, Anne Arundel, Calvert, St, Mary, Charles, and Prince George's counties ; 8d— Baltimore City ; and 4th— the eight counties of the Kastern shore. For the holding of circuit courts the Slate is divided into eiglit circuits, cacn of which elects a judge of the circuit court to bold office for 10 years. The circuits are, 1st— St. Mary, Charles, and Prince George counties; 2d— Anne Arundel, Howard, Montgomery, and Calvt-rt counties ; 3d — Frederick and Carroll counties ; 4th — "Washington and Alleghany counties; 5th— Baltimore city; 6th — Baltimore, Harford, and Cecil counties; 7th — Kent, Queen Anne, Talbot, and Caroline counties ; and 8th — Dorchester, Somerset, and Worcester counties. The qualifications of judges of ihe circuit courts are the same as those required for judges of appeals, except that they must be citizens of the TTnited States, and residents for two years in their judicial districts. There is in the oth district a court of common pleas, with jurisdiction in civil cases between $100 and $500, and exclusive jurisdiction in appeals from justices of the peace in the city of which it is composed ; and a superior court, with jurisdiction in ciuses over $500. Each of these eourts consist of one judge, elected by the people for ten years. There is also a criminal court, consisting of one judge, elected for six years. Clerks of the circuit courts in each county, and of the Baltimore courts, are chosen for six years, and are re-eligible. Each county, and Baltimore city, elects three persons as judges of the orphans' court, to hold office for four years; a register of wills for six years: justices of the peace, two sheriffs, and constables for two years. Attorneys for the commonwealth are chosen in each county by the people for four years. The office of Attorney-general was abolished by the new constitution. The court of chancery will cease to exist on the 4lh July, 1653, ha\'ing been granted that time to finish up its business. Among the provisions of the constitution are the following: "Teachers of religion, and those holding offices of profit under the State or United States, except justices of peace, are ineligible to the House of Delegates; two commissioners to revise and codify the laws of the State, and one or more to revise and simplify the practice, form of pleading, and con- veyancing, were to be appointed by the legislature at its first session ; persons any way engaged in any duel shall be for- ever incapable of holding any office of honor or tnist in the Slate, and holders of public money are ineligible until they pay the same into the treasury ; the Assembly shall pass laws to protect and secure the property of married women ; im- prisonment for debt is abolished; a reasonable amount of debtor's property, not exceeding in amount .^.'iOO, is exempt fVom seizure ; the relation of master and slave, as now existing, shall not be altered by the legislatiire ; no bank sliall be established, except with the individual liability of the stockholders to the amount of their shares ; corporations shall not be created by special laws, except for municipal and other specified purposes ; private property shall not bo taken for public use unless compensation be first paid or tendered ; the rate of interest shall not exceed sLx per cent. ; in all criminal cases the jun,- shall be judges of the law as well as the facta; all officers, except the Governor, whose pay exceeds $3,000 per annum, shall account f'jr the excess under oath; after 1st April, 1S59, no lottery scheme shall be drawn nor ticket sold, and until that time the system shall be under a commissioner of lotteries; no debt shall be contracted exceeding $100,(100, nor unless the act creating it shall provide for a tax sufficient to pay the interest as it falls due, and ihc principal in 15 years, nor shall such taxes be repealed or applied to other purposes; the credit of the State shall never be given nor lent, nor shall the State be any way concerned in internal improvements; the monies levied to pay the public debt shall never be diverted until the debt is paid, or until the sinking fund equals the outstanding debt. At its first session after every federal census, the legislature sh.all pass a law to ascertain the sense of the people in regard to calling a convention to revise the constitution^ and if a majority vote therefor, a convention shall be called at the earliest convenient day— the delegates to be ejected by the several counties, and Baltimore city, in proportion to their representatives at the time when the convention may be called. The miiitia of Maryland, according to the Adjut ant-general's return of 1S50, consisted of 46,8&4 men of all arras, of which 2,397 were commissioned officers, and 44,407 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, and artificers; and of the commissioned officers, 22 were general offlci-rs, GS general staff officers, 544 field officers etc., and 1,7G3 company offi- cers. All free white male persons between IS and 45 years of age, and not exempt by law, are liable to do military duty. Finances, Public Behty ^?c.— The nominal debt of the StJite on the 1st December, 1S50, amounted to $15,424,351 46 ; but, deducting Baltimore and Ohio Pailroad loan, $3,260,000, total county loan, $163.GS9 G7, and Susquehanna and Tide- water i'anals loan, $1,000,000, otherwise provided for, the real debt amounted only to $10,900,691 79. The sinking fund at the above date amounted to $2,000,726, and must be deducted from the debt to get the present liabilities of the State. To meet these liabilities, in addition to the proceeds of a special annual tax. the State has $5,S41,S01 S4 in productive prop- erty, conaialingof stocks, bonds, etc., and $15,910,018 17 in property not n')W pr-idnctive. The balance in the treasury 1st December, 1S49, was $4S4,Si)-2 90, and the recei|ils during the year were $1,227.9S6 24, being a total of resources for the year ending 1st December, 1S50, amounting to $1,712,879 20 ; and the expenditures in the same year were $1467,470 86, leaving a balance of $24.5,408 84 for future appropriation. The principal objeets of ex- penditure were— for Annapolis and EIridge Kailroad $3,950 S3, ei^"il officers $14,614 97, colleges, academics, and schools m MARYLAND. $■21,699, in.ligoiil dfaf and dimib j:'2,:M0 DO, juJi.;iary.'f:35,sl.3 f>0,lcgislaluri' $.50.6:50 01, mililui $1,100, |i.-uUenliary $30,000, pensions $5,CT9 OS, surplus revoiuu' .$34,009 30, Stnte cciliinizution $10,000, iuterest on imblic dubt $090,540 30, redemption of funded arrears o! interest $o00..5o9 09. State tobacco inspection and warehouses $21,0l]l 77, contingent expenses $9.3.33 49, and miscellaneous e.xpenscs $-21,1 7'2 94; and the chief sources of himme were— auction duties and licenses $'2.5,6.35 44, raih-oads $1'29,S40 30, bank dividends and bonus $31,8,50 00, fines and forfeitures $5,03-2 86, licenses by county clerks $127,835 02, road stock dividends $46,490, stamps $63,079 75, lotteries and stamps on lottery ticliets $31,0.33 82, eanal com- panies $07,090, direct lax $43S,i'36 8S, taxes on Slate and city of Baltimore slocks $46,350 24, on collateral inhirilances $23,OCO 73, on commissions of executors and administrators $29,106 26, on commissions of tnistees $3,2S9 20, on foreign assurances $7,4S4 S7, ou policies of insurance $0,056, on protests $4,923, on certain ofHcers $10,551 56, on civil commis- sions $7,221 SO, and on incorporated institutions $25,870 53, tax on colonization $S,068 04, and State tobacco inspection in Baltimore $51,319 93. , The assessed value of all real and personal estate subject to taxation in 1S50, aijcording to the returns of tlic census of that year, was $190,003,025, but truly assessed, it woulil amount to $207,2.57,523. The aggregate of all taxes assessed amounted to $1,334,429; of this amount $444,506 was for State purposi'S, $330,727 for county purposes, $S9,S10 for school purposes, $22,651 for support of paupers, $14,800 for road repairs, etc., and $331,509 for other purposes. Federal Jlepivsentutim.—UaryVdad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress, 23d May, 1350, sends six representatives to the national legislature. Rliieuticm.— The provisions for education in Maryland, though by no means sufHcient for the amount of population in the State, are still very respectable. The law with regard to schools has been recently amended, and in consonance with its provisions, the counties have been divided into school districts, in which it is imperative on the inhabitants to establish and mainUain schools for a certain period in each year. Many of the counties, however, have not yet complied with the law, but nevertheless there have been great improvements effected, and the prospect of future efflciency in all that per- tains to public schools is very promising. The means of cbtainmg education in this State, as they existed 1st June, 1S50, are returned in the census as follows : 1. Primary schools— number 923, teachers 1,104, scholars 34,407, total annual income $225,260— namely, income from endowment $2,959, from taxation $75,290, from public funds $07,412, and from other sources $79,503. ' 2. Academies, etc.— number 174, teachers 427, scholars 7,769, total annual income $200,430— namely, income from endowments $12,303, tjrom public funds $16,227, ai))! from other sources $173,803. 8. Colleges and universities— number 12, professors 95, students 1,112, total annual income $124,71 4— namely, income from public funds $3,200, and from other sources $121,514. The principal collegiate institutions of the Suite are— St. John's College at Annapolis (formerly a branch of the University), founded in 1734 ; St. Mary's College (Catholic"), at B.altimore, founded 1S1)6 ; St, James' College (Episcopal), in Washington County, founded 1842 ; Mount SL Mary's College (Catholic), at Emmetlsburg, f.iunded 1830; 'Washington College, at Chestertown, founded 1733; Medical School of the University, at Baltimore, founded ISO"; Washington Medical College, also at Baltimore, founded 1S27, etc., etc. The whole number of white children who attended school within or during any part of the year, was 60,417, of which 82,214 were males, and 23.233 females ; and the total number of free colored children was 1,610, of which 880 were males, and 930 females. Of al! classes, amounting to 02,003 ; those of native birth numbered 60,336, and those of foreign birth 1,679. Of those classed, "adults who can not read or write," the whites numbered 20,315—3,557 males, and 12,253 females ; and the free colored numbered 21,002—0,422 mates, and 11 640 females ; and of the total number of white persons of this class, 17,804 were native bom, and 3,451 foreigners. /»/■(;;■;«.- rublic libraries 17, containing ,'>4,750 volumes; private libraries 325—222,455 volumes ; school libraries S— 6,335 volumes ; Sunday-school libraries 84—23,315 volumes ; college libraries 10—3:3,792 volumes ; and church libraries 5— 1,850 volumes ; total 449 libraries, and 347,497 volumes. Pei-iodiad Press.— The whole number of periodicals published in Maryland in 1930 was 63, circulating at each issue an aggregate of 124,287 copies, .and annually 19,012,724 copies. Of this number, 39 were political— 22 whig in principle, circulating at eacli issue 19,172 copies ; and 17 democratic, circulating 12,405 copies ; 20 were miscell.aneous— 71,000 copies; 6 religious— 13,950 copies ; 1 agricultural — 6,000 copies ; 1 musical— 1,000 ; and 1 colonization— 700 copies ; and of the whole number 6 were published daily, and issued annu-ally 15,800,500 copies ; 4 tri-weekly— 499,700 copies ; 54 weekly— 8,106,124 copies ; 1 semi-monthly — 43,000 copies ; and 8 monthly— 92,400 copies. The dailies are all pubUshed in B.altimore city— the "Sun," the "Clipper," the "American," the "Patriot," the "Eepublican and Argus," and the "German Correspondent;" the tri-weetlies are also published solely in Baltimore, .and, with the exception of the " B. Uer-ild," are editions of the dailies, viz. : the " American," the " Patriot," and the " Eepublican and Argus ;" the weeklies are published— 3 at Cumber- land ; 2 at Annapolis ; 1 at EUicott's Mills ; 10 at Baltimore, four of which are editions of d.-ulies, namely, of the " Sun," of the " Clipper," of the " Patriot," and of the " Eepublican and Argus ;" 2 at Washington ; 2 at pikton ; 1 at Port To- bacco; 1 at Denton; 2 at Cambridge; 5 at Frederick; 1 at Caloctin; 1 at Emmetlsburg; 1 at Havre de Grace; 1 at Bel- Air; 1 at Charleslown; 1 at Eockville; 1 at Upper Marlboro'; 2 at Centreville ; 1 at Princess Anne; 1 at Leonards- torn] ; 2 at Easton ; 1 at Boonsboro' ; 1 at Clear Spring ; 7 at Dagirslown ; and 1 at Snow Hill ; the semi-monthly— the Lutheran Christian Messenger, was pul)lishe33, and landed on the island of St. Clement, 25lJi March, 1G34, and immediately took possession of the country with religious ceremonies. On (he 2.Tlh, they commenced a settlement on the mainland, at St. Mary's; and this is counted the date of the foundation of the colnny. These settlers of Maryland were refugees from ecclesiastical tyranny; and have been denominated by historians the " Pilgrims of SL Mary's." The first governor was Leonard Calvert. The first legislature convened in 1639, and adopted many wise and useful laws. Tobacco had already become so important a staple, that it was deemed expedient to tax its exportation, as a source of revenue. The great revoluticfn in England now began; the proprietary was a Catholic and adherent of tho king, and a congregation of Puritans, from Virginia, who had been expelled as non- conformists, in 1042, having settled in Maryland, now attempted to gain ascendancy in the government, and to some extent succeeded ; but they were overthrown again in H>46. In l&i9,the Assembly passed that noble act of religious toleration, which threw the mantle of charity over all, and in the benefits of which Catholic, Quaker, and Puritan, partk-ipated, for all had experienced the rigors of persecution- Monarchy having beeu overthroT\'n in England, the Puritan jx)wer rapidly increased, and again the proprietary was for a time suspended. In 1654, Lord Baltimore made efforts to regain tlit colony, and succeeded ; but scarcely had he resumed the reins of government when the Puritans again deposed him, and for the space of three years thereafter the peace of the colony was compromised by exoessos on both sides. During this period the Puritans were concentrated at Providence, now Annapolis, which they considered the actual sent of government, although St. Mary's continued to be the nominal capital. The power of the proprietary was now restored, and Philip Calvert, his brother, was appointed governor. In 1060, twenty-six years from the foundation of the colony, the population of Maryland was about 12,000 ; in 1G65, it was 16/100 ; and in 1671, it had increased to 20,000. The extension of poWtical organization had kept pace with population. "Up to this period, seven counties had been founded, but there were no considerable towns. Importations supplied the place of domestic manufactures, except such as were made in the families of the settlers. Mention of negro slaves is first made in the laws of Maryland in 1663, but it is probable that slavery existed m the colony anteriorly to that time. In 1671, an act was passed to encourage their import;ition. Philip Calvert was superseded in 1662, as governor, by Charles, son of the Lord Proprietary, who acted in that capacity xmtil 1675, when, on the death of his ftither, he succeeded to his rights, and appointed Thomas Xotely as his representative. On the occurrence of the Kevolution, in 16SS, the king assumed the governnaent, and in 1791, appointed Sir Lionel Copley governor. Among the first acts of the new government was the removal of the capital from St. Mary*s to Providence, thenceafler known as Annapolis. The govemmejil was again restored to the family of the proprietary, in 1715. At this period, the iwpulation was estimated at 80,000, and the almost exclusive staple of jjroduetion was tobacco. Before 1607, the colonists had been without manufactures of their own ; but in that year an effort had been initiated to make woolen and linen cloths. Every attempt of this kind, however, was closely watched by Uie English government, and hence these efforts to supply a domestic manufacture either failed at once, or languished out a sickly existence. In 1714, Charles, Lord Baltimore, died, and his eon, Benedict Leonard Calvert, succeeded to the province, but lived only long enough to have his rights acknowledged. The principal obstacle to the recognition of the claim of this family was now removed, for the young heir had been educated a Protestant. In 1715, therefore, tlio authority of the proprietary was restored, and a commission in his name was issued to Hart, the last of the governors appointed by the king. From this period i:ntil the breaking out of the French war, in 1753, the history of Maryland is not marked by any great event. Its local annals are filled with relations of contentions between the proprieUiry and the people — the one struggling to maintain his hereditary privileges, and the otlier to establish their liberties. lu all these struggles are discernible the germs of the Kevolution of 1776. In 1740, Maryland contributed 500 men and £7,500 to the disastrous expedition against the Spanish Main. A noble fleet of nearly 100 vessels, including 30 ships of the line, commanded by Admiral Vernon, and an army of 12,000 men, under General Wentworth, assembled at Jamaica, in 1741. "With this imposing force, a descent was made on Cartagena, which was rendered abortive rather by the malignity of the climate than the prowess of the enemy. It was calculated that nine out of ten of these levies perished in this most fatal enterprise. The province, in 1748, contained about 130,000 inhabitants, of whom 04,000 were white, and 30,000 colored persons. In 1745, the first, and for a long time the only newspaper in the colcmy, the " Maryland Gazette,*' was published at Annapolis, but a printing press had been set up some forty years before this, for printing the laws and public documents. In 1756, the number of inhabitants was computed at 154^183, exhibiting the very satisfactory increase of 24,188, or about 18.6 per centum in eight years. The development of the resources of the province had perhaps hardly kept pace with this advancement of population. The policy of England continued to be rigorous in the discouragement of domestic manufuctures, and its repressive meas- ures were not without effect. Meanwhile the legislature of the province offered bounties in land for the erection of flour- mills, iron furnaces, and forges, and other works of industry, and its efforts succeeded to a considerable extent. In 1749, there were in the colony eight furnaces and nine forges. In 1742, copper works were in operation. The great staple export, however, was tobacco — in 1747, 5,000 hogsheads were exported. For many purposes tobacco was the wirrency of the province, and in certain years the great depression in the price of this article drew out the specie of the colony to meet the balance accruing in its foreign trade. The government sought to remedy this evil by an issue of bills of credit, "Which experiment, of coin^c, proved unavailing. In 1732, tobacco was made a legal tender at one penny per pound, and Indian corn at 20 pence a bushel ; but the issue of paper money continued, even after this expedient, to supply the place of a safe and convenient currency. The boundary disputes of Maryland with the adjoining provinces have become somewhat famous among controversies of that kind ; the most celebrated was that which concerned her northern and part of her eastern frontier, and which resulted in the establishment of -'Mason and Dixon's Line." This dispute had an even date almost with the original grant to Lord Baltimore. His grant, it was contended, covered all the territory bordering the Atlantic and Delaware Bay, between 35° and 40° N. lat, including the whole of the present State of Delaware and a considerable strip of Pews- i44 MARYLAND. sylvania; but this portion of his grant was at the time occupied by setUements of the Swedes, who were subsequently conquLTctl by the Dutch. After the latter were dispossessed, the territory wrested- from them was conferred by a special grunt from the Duke of York, in 16V2, upon William Penn. A decree was obt:iined in IGSG by Penn, confirming to him the boundaries named in his grant; but the Proprietary of Marjiand refused to submit, and from this time to 1732 the dispute was the cause of almost ceaseless litigation between the Proprietaries of the two colonies, and of violence and outrage on the border. At length, in consequL^nce of a decree in chancery in favor of the heirs of William Pouu, granted in 1750, commissioners were appointed to determine and mark the line mentioned in the decree of 1GS5. The " scientific gentlemen' employed in this important service, probably the chief surveyors, were Messrs. Mason and Dixon, from whom this celebrated boundary received its name. They began at the angle formed by the intersection of the boundary line between Delaware and Maryland with that between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and proceeded westward 130 miles, whon iheir operations were suspended by fear of hostilities from the Indians. At the end of every mile they set up a stone, with ihe letter **P" and the arms of the Penns engraved on the north side, and "M," wiUi the cscatchi.'on of Lord Baltimore, on the south. In 17S2-3 a continuation was made of " Mason and Dixon's line*' to its western terminus ; this, however, was looked upon as a mere temporary arrangement, and the controversies and recriminations continued ; and complaints were made to the Governor of Virginia, who appealed to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania to come into some arrangement to efTect a permanent and acknowledged boundarj-. "For this desirable purpose each State selected the best and raost suitable men within its reach, bo that their work, when completed, would merit and receive entire confidence in ils accuracy." The commissioners on the part of Pennsylvania were David Itittenhouse, John, Ewing, and Captain Hutciiius; those on the part of Virginia were Andrew Ellieolt, Kev. James Madison, Uev. liobert Andre.ws, and T. Page. They performed the duty assigned them in the fall of 17S4. The line having been thus carried to its western terminus, it only remained to ran a meridian line from that point to the Ohio River to close this long-pro- tracted controversy. This task was committed to Messrs. Rittenhouse and Porter, on the part of Pennsylvania, and Andrew Kllicott and Joseph Neville on that of Vb'ginia. They entered on their work in May, 17S5, and on the 23d August they had made a final report, loc-ating the western boundary of Pennsylvania, as now acknowledged, from the south-western corner of the State to the Ohio Elver ; for Virginia had no special interest in extending the line further north, having finally relinquished in favor of the general government her claims to territory north and west of the Ohio the year before. In the contest which annihilated French dominion in America Maryland bore a gallant part. Eraddoek's unfortunate expedition against Fort Duquesne was organized in this proviace, and marched from Frederick in the si)ring of 1751. After the defeat and death of this general a fearful panic pervaded tho frontier region of all the Middle States, and ex- tended in Maryland even to the Bay Shore. Numbers of the inhabitants fled to Baltimore, and even prepared t:> leave the country altogether. From this lime until the capture of Fort Duquesne in 175S, the western part of Maryland waa kept in constant terror, and of course the incidents of the war fully occupied the attention of the people and the pubhc aulhorilies. The progress of popul;4Joa during these years of Indian warfare was necessarily slow. The inhabitants in 17G1 numbered lG4.i)U7, of whom 114,332 were whites, and 49,675 slaves, showing an increase for five years following 1756 of somewhat less than 10,000. The relative increase was but little over half as great as that of the preceding five years. The extension of settlements toward the west was also suspended during the war. From the conclusion of the French war until the commencement of the Eevolution, the history of Marjiand, like that of most of the other colonies, is a narrative of usurpations upon public hbcrty attempted by the royal government and resisted by the people. In 1765, Uie stamp act, and afterward the tea tax, excited general indignation and hostility. The most violent opponents of these measures took the name of •' Sons of Liberty.'* As the contest drew toward the issue which had been inevitable from the beginning, the Proprietary government fell, as a matter of course, giving place to local and general committees of safety, and to conventions assembled in the name of the people, to supply the want of a more regular authority. The war, which had long been expected, and for which great preparations were made, com- menced with the desultory fight at Lexmgton. 19lh April, 1775. The Eevolution having now fairly commenced, elections were held throughout the province in August, 1776, for dele- gates to a convention to frame a ConsL^ution and State Government. This body assembled August 14th, and by the 10th September a bill of rights and a consiuution were reported. On the 3d November the Constitution was adopted in con- Tculion, and elections ordered to carry it into effect The system of government established by this first erjuslitution of Maryland was repuhlican, and as nearly democratic as the state of public opinion of that day, and the circumstances under ■which it was adopted, gave reason to expect The elections took place in November, as provided for in the constitution, and the legislature convened at Annapolis on the 5lh February, 1777. On the 13lh February Thomas Johnson was chosen first constitutional governor of Marjiand. Throughout the Eevolutionary War the services of the Maryland troops were marked by gallantry and efhcic-ncy. In the first considerable action after that of Bunker's Hill, Ihe '* Maryland line'' signalized its valor and took a high position among the several corps of the continental army. They were under the command of Col. Wm. Smallwood, who after- ward became a major-general, and one of the most distinguished oflBcers whose achievements in the struggle illustrate the bravery of his native state. In the battle of Long Island, and in those of Ilarlem Heights, White Plains, and Fort Wash- ington, the Maryland regiments were conspicuous for their courage and discipline ; nor were they less so in the memora- ble actions at Trenton and Princeton. With the exception of actions in the campaign against Burgoyne, indeed, there was no prominent battle of tho war, from Brooklyn Heights to Yorktown, in which the Marylanders did not take an active part; and under every commander— Washington, La Fayette, De Kalb, and Greene— they earned special notice and applause for gallantry and good conduct Tho number of troops ftirnished by Maryland during the war was 15,229 regulars, and 5,407 militia ; and the expenditures of the State amounted to $7,568,145 in^pecie, a large portion of which was raised by tlie sale of confiscated British property within the State. On the 23d December, 17n3, the brilliant drama of the Eevolution waa closed by Washington's resignation of his com- mission. This event took place at Annapolis, in the presence of Congress, the State legislature, many oQlccrs who had served through the war, and a crowd of deeply interested spectators. The ceremony constitutes a scene in our history Bccond in solemnity and importance only to the reading of the Declaration of Independence. The Federal Constitution was readily and heartily adopted by Maryland. The convention that accepted It on the part of the State met on the 21st April, 17S3, and adjourned on the 28th, havmg agreed to the instrument, without reservation or amendment, by a vote of 63 to 11. From this period to the war of 1S12, the history of Marjiand presents nothing calling for special notice. During that war Admu-al Cockbum, commanding the British naval forces, committed on the shores of Chesapeake Bay a series of 445 MAIiriiAND. wanton outrages ngainst the propei-ty and persons of the citizens. In the spring of 1918 the villages of Frenchtown, ITavro de Grace, Frederick town, and Georgelown, were plundered and burned l)y his orders, and in August, 1S14, occurred tho expedition of General Ross against tho city of Washington. Cockburu, since the opening of the preceding year, had been cruising about the bay and the moutli of the Potomac with four ships of tho line and six frigates; in the course of the summer he was largely re-enforced, and in August a landing was effected at Benedict, on the Patiixent, some thirty-flve miles south-east of Washington. The land force was undtT tlie command of General Ross, and wa;* 5,000 strong. It proceeded toward Washington ; the militia of Maryland and of the District assembled under General Winder to oppose their march ; but the Americans were in no condition to resist their numerous and well disciplined enemies. The army retured to Bladensburg, and was re-enforccd by General Stansbury with 2,100 Maryland troops, including the sailors and marines of Commodore Barney. At this point it was resolved to risk an action in defense of the national capital. The result of the confiiet that ensued was not fortunate to the American arms. The British gained a complete victory, though at a cost of life much greater than the loss sustained by the Americans. The victors mart-hed on to Washington, occupied the city as long as Ihey thought advisable, and then felumed to their ship- ping at Benedict. They, however, sullied the laurLds which thou* daring and successful expedition might have gained for them by an act of Vandalic barbarism to which the annals of modern warf:ire among civilized nations hardly furnishes a par-illel. While in secure possession of the seat of government, they burned and destroyed the Capitol, the president's house, the offices of the treasury, war, and navy, all the national records accessible to them, the public library, and other property belonging to the public and individuals. Their loss in this expedition is said to hare been four hundred in killed and wounded, and five hundred prisoners. At nearly the same time Alexandria was occupied and plundered, or laid, under tribute. The remaining principal incidents of the war particularly belonging to the history of Maryland, arc tho battle of North Point and the defense of Baltimore. The British forces engaged at North Point numbered 5,000, and were under General Rosa. He was killed in a skirmish between parties of the advance immediately before the battle. The Americans were commanded by General Striker, who had under his command 3.200 men. The result of the engagement was unfavorable to the invaders, though tho American general judged it prudent to retire toward Baltimore. The British lost about 400 men, and the Americans about half that number. The battle of North Point was fought 13th Sept., 1S14. Oa the evening of next day the enemy commenced a bombardment of Fort M'llenry, the work chiefly relied upon for the de- fense of the city. The attack was gallantly repelled, and the failure of the operations during the night, which were con- ducted by land and water, was so complete that a day or two after the land forces were taken on Vi'iard the shipping, and all attempts against Baltimore were abandoned. On the 16ih of the month the hostile fleet was seen standing down the bay. From the earliest p(^riod the condition of the African race in Marj'land had attracted much attention. By gradationsj which there are now no means of tracing, this class of the population had attained in 1790 the number of 111,079, of which 8,043 were free, and 103,036 were slaves. The tendency of public opinion in this State, for many years subsequent to tho commencement of the RevohUion, seemed favorable to emancipation, and its effect was perceived in the gradual increase of free blacks. It was shown by the census of ISOO that the free colored had gained 11,544 during the preceding ten years, equal to 143 per centum, while the slaves had increased only 2,599, or about 2-J per centum. The decennial census from this period exhibited an equally remarkable increase of free negroes and decrease of slaves, so that from 1790 tolSSO the free negroes had increased S21 per centum, and the slaves had decreased more than 12 per centum. The decennial movement is shown elsewhere. But during the first twenty years of tliis period there had been a small increase of slavesj 60 that for the next thirty years to 1S40 the falling off" had been 21.765, or about 19 per centum; which decrease, if sus- tained, would have extirpated slaver>' in Maryland in a very short time ; but owing to various circumstances in the history of the times, the policy of emancipation, without a provision for the removal of the persons whose condition was affected by it, began to be looked upon with disfavor, and a provision was inserted in the constitution of 2S36, declaring "That the relation of master and slave in this State shall not be abolished, unless a bill for that purpose shall be passed by a unanimous vote of both branches of the General Assembly, be published three months before anew election, and be unanimously confirmed by a succeeding Legislature." Thus was checked effectually the disposition to public emancipa- tion; but individuals continued to exercise it, and the prevalence of this desire t§ confL-r freedom upon slaves gave occasion to the institution of the American Colonization Society about the year l^\d; a branch of the association was established in Maryland, but in order to obviate certain features in the organization and proceedings of the General Society not acceptable to the friends (jf colonization in this State, it was determined to establish an independent colony in Africa f-'r the blacks of Maryland. Tlie Legislature extended its fostering care to tho enterprise, and an annual appro- priation of $20,000 was allowed to the Socitty, which is yet continued. The Marj'land colony has flourished, having now a considerable trade, and being visited at stated periods by regular packets from Baltimore. Annapolis is the political capital of the State. Maryland, t. and p. v., Otsego county, y. Y.: 63 m. W. J S. Albany. Drained by Schenevns er. and its branches. Surface varied, in some parts mountainous ; soil rich and ft-rtile, with excelk-nt pasturage. The v. is situate cenlraHy on the Albany and Itliaca post-road, and contains several mechanic shops, saw-mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,152. Maryland Line, p. o., Baltimore co.. 3fd. : on the N. line of the State, and the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 52 m. N. Annapolis. ' Mauystville, p. city, and cap. Tuba co., Calf. : on the N. bank of Yuba r., 9S m. N. N. E. Vallejo. It contains the court-house and clerk's office, 6 hotels, a number of mills, and some stores and shops, A steamer plies daily between this city and Benecia, touching at Sacramento. There are two newspapers printed here, the " California Express," and "Marysvitle IlLTald." both Iri-wcekly and weekly issues. The population of Marj-sville is between 7.000 and 3,000. Maeysvu.le, p. v., and cap. Fnion co., OIn'o: 25 m. N. W. Columbus, on the 9. side Mill cr., a branch of the 446 Scioto r. It contains a court-house, jail, and several dwelV ings. The "Tribune'' (whig) is published here. Popula- tion 605. Marysvtlle, p. 0., Paulding co., 0.39. Ciipital : Point Pleasant. Put- lie Works : Co\ington and Ohio E, E. Mason, p. v., Ingham co., Mich. : on a branch of Willow cr., 13 m. S. by E.Lansing. It has several bnildings, and about 300 inhabitants. Masox, t. and p. v., Hillsboro CO., K Ilnmp.: 33 m. S. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and several small streams. Surface rugged and hiUy ; soil strong and deep, but stony, well adapted to grass or grata. The streams afford inotive power to several mills. Mason Village, at the terminus of the Petersboro' and Shirley E. E., in N. part of t.; is the seat of a number of cotton and woolen manufacto- ries, and other handicrafts. Pop. of 1. 1,226. Mason-, p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 71 m. S. W. Columbus. Mafos Hale, p. o.. Orange CO., K Car. : 45 m. N. W. Ealeigh. The North Carolina Central R. E. pasiics it. M.«0Nic Coleege, Marion CO., Mo. : 12 m. W. Palmyra. Tlie college was founded in 1S31— in 1S.50 it had a president, 5 professors, and 45 smdents. It has also a good libr.ary. This was originally a manual labor est,al)lishment, and owns a large h-act of highly improved farming land. Mason's Grove, p. o., Madison en., Tfnn. : on the S. fork of Deer r.. 127 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Masonsvilee, sta., Windham Co., Conn. : on the Norwich and Worcester E. K., 44 m. N. AUjti's Point. Masontown, p. v., Fayette county, Penn. : 3 m. E. Monongahelar., 169 ra. W. by S. Harrisburg. Masoxvilee, p. v.. Lauderdale CO., Ala. : 2 m. N. Muscla Shoals of Tennessee r., 1S7 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. ^UsoNVlEEE, L and p. v., Delaware co., N. K ; 87 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Susquehanna r. Surface for the most part mountainous- a ridge of mount- ains extending through it ; soil varied— in the valleys rich and fertile. There arc excellent timber lands, producing and other timber. Principal manufactures .are Hour, and fulled cloths. The v. is situated in the N. W part of the t. on a small cr., and contains several fine dweUings, and about COO inhabitants. Population of the t. 1,550. pine leather, t - THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.* Massac^setts, the parent State of New England, and the chief manufacturing district of the ^";'«' SJ-^te'^'^t^^^^^^^^ north bv New llamshife and Vermont, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by the Atlantic TAode Ishtm , ™' ^onne ticu^^ and wek bv New York. It b situated between 410 ]5' and 42° 52' latitudes north, and between 690 54 ^^^/'f-'*J°^f tudes west "from Greenwich, or 3° 2S' and 70 03' ea.st from W.ashinglon. This State h,is a general ^f™''* "f""' ™^ than 6.» miles, with a length of about 160 miles ; but in the eastern part it exten.ls abruptly to the breadth of 90 md ^ and shoots a long narrow tongue of sand into the ocean, which extends neariy 50 miles beyond the "'»"";™^; ^"^ "=» of the Slate is estimated at 7.S00 square miles. Although the surface is generally hilly, and m some places '''■??« ■""P"" of it rises to an elevation of 4.000 feet, the isolated peak called Saddle Mountain, in the "°f ''-^<=''"" 7™;"^^„^^^^^^^^ feet above the level of the sea. The Green luouniains p Taeonic ridges, which the loftiest summit within its limits, being not more than 3.6 enter the western part of Massachusetts from the north, forming Ihe Hoosic and Taghkannuo h„„nHirv of run nearly parallel to each other southward into Connecticut. The Taghkannuc ridge is ™;>;»; J"'^™ ^^^ ^ "^ the Slate-its most elev.al,;d peaks are Saddle Mountain, above referred to, on *'' "«"'■; °";'^"S''^f™;'*'?""f^^^^^^^^ the south, the latter being S.noo feet in height. The Hoosic ridge has no summits above half these ^'^^^ »' "s • ■' ^ividee the waters of the Connecticut from those of the Ilousatonic. The White Mountain range enters Ih.s »'"'» ■'om New Hampshire, a little to the east of the Connecticut, and running southcriy, divides below Northampton into the Mount Tom and ivme ranges. Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke are peaks in this rangs^the first 1,214 fee and the '^'^^ S.," je^ above'the level of the Counecticut Elver, which flows between them ; Wacluisett, a solitary mountain ,„ the """^-eastera part of Worcester Ojunty, is 2,01S feet above the level of the sea. Eastward of these mnges, the surface is for the most part broken by gentle swells, and in the south-east, spreads out into a level sandy plain, which extends from the margins of the oct-an, and is confmiu'd in Ihe peninsula of Cape Cod. * The name orthis Elate pro'^nl.ly arose from the name of a tribe of Indians forrn-rly at B«rn9t:»lilp, < the former sisnlfjing an 7nJ.'an an-„u- A^ad, and the htter a A.V/. It is stateiHI.at the Sachem who ^ „„,„„, , lived on fl hill in the l^rm of an Indian arrow-h.^d. a lew miles south of Bo.too, and iraa.called by the naU.e, M«W.TOfl»T. from two Indian wonis, ttuis and welutet, ■erned m lliis repi>n, on Ihe landing of lUs pUgnm 447 MASSACHUSETTS. The county of Barnstable is a peninsula commonly called the Peninsula of Cape Cod. Its shape^s that of a man's arm bent inward both at the elbow Jind at the wrist. A great part of this peninsula ia barren, and in many places wholly destitute of vegetation. The inhabitants derive their support principally from the ocean. Nantucket Island lies south of Cape Cod. It is of a triangular form, 15 miles long, and in its widest part about 11 milea ; and is little more than a heap of sand without a tree of native growth upon it— yet it maintains a numerous population distinguished for activity and enleri)rise. The island affords some pasturage, and cattle and sheep in considerable numbers are raised on it. Tho climate is much milder than that of the neighboring continent South-east of this island, out of sight of land, lie the Nan- tucket Shoals, a dangerous sand-reef about 50 miles long and about 45 miles broad, and which has been the scene of many dreadful shipwrecks. Martha's Vineyard, to the west of Nantucket, is about 21 miles long, and from 2 to 10 miles broad. The soil is for the most part poor, but many sheep and cattle are raised, and the people are much employed as pilots or in the fisheries. There is a spacious harbor on the north side of the island called Holmes's Hole, and vessels bound to the eastward aro frequently seen here in great numbers, waiting for a wind to enable them to double Cape Cod. It is calcu- lated that more than 1,000 vessels anchor here in the course of a year. The Elizabeth Islands are sixteen in number, ex- tending in a line from the elbow of Cape Cod Peninsula westward, and forming the south-eastern side of Buzzard's Bay. No Man's Land is a small island south-west of Martha's Vineyard. Plum Island, off the east coast, extends from New- buryport southward to Ipswich. It is 9 miles long and 1 broad, j,nd is separated from the mainland by a narrow sound, over which a bridge has been built. In the season when plums are ripe, this island is the resort of the neighboring in- habitants, and a scene of lively amusemenU The valley of the Connecticut, which, varying in width, extends through the State in a direction north and south, cod- fiists, for the most part, of a sandy alluvion. The lower flats are fertile, and produce rich crops of grain. In the vicmity of Hadley in this valley are extensive fields of broom-corn, and the manufacture of this article into brooms absorbs a oon- Biderable portion of the labor of the towns in the neighborhood. A portion of this valley is occupied by sandy tracts, which yield light crops of rj'e and maize. Some of these plains are covered with low pine forests. The valley of the Housatonic extends nearly in the same direction with that of the Connecticut, and consists of alluvial tracts of the same description. The valley of thcHoosic in the north-west consists of an almost uninterrupted succession of intervale, about a mile in width, extremely rich, and ornamented with the liveliest verdure. The waters of this stream are remarkably limpid, and wind their way along this valley through luxuriant meadows and pastures, green to the water's edge, and fringed with willows and other moisture-loving growths. Every part of the State is well watered ; but in genera! the streams are more useful for agricultural and manufacturing purposes than as channels of communication. The Connecticut crosses the western part of the State from north to south, intersecting the counties of Franklin. Hampshire, and Hampden, and passes into Connecticut. By means of short canals round several falls of the river, it has bevn made navigable for small vessels through its whole course in this State. Its principal trlbularies are the Deerfleld and Westlleld Kivers from the west, and Miller's and Chicopee Pavers from tho east — all of which afford the best of wat*T-power, and at their several falls are scenes of busy industry. The upper watera of the Housatonic lie on the west of the mountains, and flow southward into Connecticut. The Quinnebaug and Black- etono Kivers have also their sources in this State. Charles' Kiver, reaching the sea at Boston, and Taunton River, which falls into Narragansett Bay, are useful mill-streams. The Nashua and Concord Rivers are tributaries of the Merrimac, which last finds the sea at Newburj-port, near the northern boundary line. The Merrimac. after entering this Slate-from New Hampshire, has a course east and north-e.ist, ami is na\'igable for sloops to Haverhill, 20 miles from its mouth. The northern shore of Massachusetts is bold and rocky, and the coast everj'where is deeply indented, and presents eeveral fjur projecting peninsulas and headlands, forming bays. of immense extent Massachusetts Bay, which gives its name to the Stnte, extends between Cape Ann, which projects sea-ward about 13 miles on the north, and Cape Cod on tho south. It is about TO miles in length, and comprises Boston Bay and Cape Cod Bay. On the south-^m coast is Buzzard's Bay. about 30 miles in length, and comprising a large number of fine and secure harbors. Boston Harbor is one of the finest in the world — cap.acious, safe, easy of access, and easily defended ; but in the winter season it is often ice-bound. New Bedford on Eiuzard's Bay has a fine hariior, and is tho greatest whale-ship depot of the Union. The Peninsula of Nahant a few miles north of Bost<5n HarI>or, is connected with the mainland by Lynn Beach, two miles in length, and from its fine open situation, has been a favorite place of resort during the hot season of summer. * Massachusetts is not, as far as yet ascertained, rich in minerals. Iron is found in various parts of the State, and is ex- tensively worked. It appears chiefly in the form of bog ore. Sulphuret of iron, or pyrites, occurs in the central districts, where it is used for the manufacture of copperas : and the plumbago found at 'Worcester and Stockbridge is used in tho manufacture of lead pencils and crucibles. Lead mines exist in tho Connecticut valley. The white clay of Martha's Vineyard furnishes alum ; and anthracite coal is now obiaincd in the graywacke district to the west of Taunton River. It is on its building material, however, that Massaeliu?ietts relies for distinction. Granite of excellent quality abounds in Quincy and vicinity, and is extensively quarried and shipped to nearly every Atlantic port, in greater or leaser degree. The Astor House at New York, the front of the Trcmout House at Boston, and the Bunker Hill Monument are built of this stone. Blocks and shafts of almost any dimensions may bo obtiiued. Granite suitable for building is also found at Gloucester, Fall River, Filchburg, and many other places. Gneiss, nearly answering the same purposes, is found in many parts, and serpentine, suitable for ornamental architecture, exists in Middlefleld, West Field, NewbuT}', etc Lime- stone is extensively dislributed. Berkshire is renowned for the fine marble it produces, denominated primitive marble. Its prevailing color is white, and some of the varieties admit of a flue polish ; more or less is quarried in almost every town of Berkshire. The City Hall in New York, and the Girard College in Philadelphia, are built of marble from this district Soap-stone, and argillaceous or roofing slate, are found in various parts, and potter's clay, used in the manu- facture of common delft, and kaolin, or porcelain clay, are abundant Pe.it is found and used as a common fuel in many towns in the eastern part of the State ; and what adds to the importance of this article is, tliat it is frequently situated where ■wood is scarce. The climate of Massachusetls, though identical in many respects to that of the three States lying north of it is not so extreme as that of either. It is very favorable to health, and a large ratio of the inhabitants attain to a good old age. Tho extremes of temperature are from 20O below zero to 100° above, but such are rare and of short continuance. The season of growth commences earlier than in the more northern States, and the summer is more prolonged. On the eastern and Bouthem shores the summer season is delightfully tempered by the breezes from the ocean. Tlie Indian population, a small remnant of the once powerful tribes that inhabited Massachusetts prior to the arrival of Europeans in tho country, now numbers less than 1,000 souls. With Iho exception of the Nalicks, who are scattered 44S MASSACHUSETTS. over the CoiumonwenHh, they nil Vwv in s.-parate communities ; but few of these are of pure blood, the majority coming unri(lgo J Lowell ..Nantucket ..Detlham . .Plymouth . .Boston ..Worcester Essex 1 Franklin... 5,S82.. 80, Hampden... 9,088. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 152,8.35 ; of families 192,679, and of inli.abitants 994,499, viz. : whites 9S5.704— males 434,234, and females 501,420, free col. 8,795— males 4,314, and females 4,481. Of the whole population, there were deaf and dumh — wh. 360, fr. col. 4 — total 364 ; liUiid — wh. 490, fr. col. 7 — — total 497 ; iman^-vh. 1,629, fr. col. IS — total 1,647 : and idiotic— -vh. 755, fr. col. 6— total 791. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 830,066; the numljcr of foreign birth 160,909, .and of birth unknown 8,589. The native population originated as follows: Maine 29,507, N. Ilanip. 39,592, Verm. 17,646, Massacluu^t'tt,^ 6CI,5,23G, K. I. 11,414, Conn. 15.602, N. York 14,483, N. Jer. 778, Penn. 1,831, Del. 90, Md. 744, Dist. of Col. 196, Virg. 796, N. C'lr. 190, S. Car. 224, Ga. 237, Flor. 82, Ala. 71, Miss. 84, La. 179, Tex. 10, Ark. 10, Tenn. 25, Ky. 75, Ohio 598,'Mich. 123, Ind. 60, 111. 165, Mo. 5"^, la. 12, Wise. 32, Calif. 7, Territories 9 : and the forciijn. population was composed of persons fi-om — England 16,635, Ireland 115,917, Scotland 4,469, Wales 214, Germany 4,319, France 805, Spain 178, Portugal 291, Belgium 86, Holland 188, Turkey 14, Italy 196, Austria 10, Switzerland 72, Itu.ssia 38, Denmark ISI, Norway 69, Sweden 263, Prussia 98, S.irdinia 1, Greece 23, China 2, A.sia 31, Africa 27, British America 15,862, Mexico 32, Central America 7, South America 84, West ImU* 803, Sandwich Islands SI, and other countries i^^. The foUowinglable will show the deceimial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : ore.t Persons. Decennial lrirrea.-e. _■ , Total , ■ , Slave, Total. Popu Wliite Censua Year. Tersons. 1790 378.2.>4 ISOO 416,798 ISIO 46.5,.308 1320 . . 1S80 6C8,859 , 1340 729,030 . 1850 985,704 . . 6,403 . . 6.462 . . 0,7.37 . 510,419 6,,508 . . 7,043 . . 3,009 . . 3,795 . Numeric.ll. . . . . 5.4i;3 878,717 — . . . . . . 6,162 423,545 44,623 . ....0,737 472,040 43,795 . . . . . 6,368 5-23,237 51,247 . . . . . 7,049 610.403 87,121 . , . . . . 8,669 737,099 127,291 . , . . . . 8,795 994,499 256,300 . . . lt.7 . 11.5 . 1-0,3 . 16.6 . 20.8 .34.8 The statistical returns of the wealth, industry, products, and institutions of tho State, aecording to the census of 1350 and ■ other official documents referring to the same period of time, are as follows ; Occupied jAindu, cte.— Improved farm lands, 2,133,436 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,222,576 acres— valued in cash at $109,076,347. The whole number of farms under cultivation, 34,235. Value of farming implements and machinery, $8,209,584. Live-Stoclc. — Horses. 42,216: asses and 'mules, 34 ; milrh cows, 130.009 ; working oxen, 46,611: other cattle, 83,2^; Bheep, 133,651; and swine. 81,119 — valued in the aggregate .at $0,l>47.710. The number of animals of these descriptions In 1840 was— horses, mules, etc., 61,434; neat cattle of all kinds, 282,674; sheep, 378,226; and siirine, 143,221. These comptirntive figures show an enormous ftiUing off in every description of live-stock. Product/) o/J[»i;;nafa.— Wool, 5s5,136 (in 1840,941.906) pounds; butter, S.071,870 pounds; cheese, 7,088,142 pounds nnd the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,500,924. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 7 (in 1S40, 1,741) pounds; and beeswax and honey, to that of 59,508 pounds. * Orain Crops.— Wheat, 31,211 bushels; rye, 431,021 bushels: Indian com, 2,345,490 bushels; oats, 1,165,106 bushels; 2i 449 MASSACHUSETTS. barley, 112,385 bushels; and buckwheat, 100,095 bushels. In 1S39-40 these crops yielded as follows: wheal, 157,928 bushels; barley, 105,319 bushels; oats, 1,319,030 bushels; rye, 586,014 bushels; buckwheat, 87,000 bushels; and Indian com, 1,809,192 bushels. Other Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 43,709 bushels; potatoes, Irish, 8,535,834 bushels. In 1S89-40 the potato crop amounted to 5,335,652 bushels. Miicelkmemt^ Crops.— Tobacco, 138,246 (in 1S40, 64,955) pounds; htiy, 651,807 tons; clover-seed, 1.002 bushels; other gross-seed, 5.085 bushels; hops, l'il,695 pounda(iu 1540.264,795) pounds; flax, 1,1 03 pounds: fla.\-seed, 72 bushels; maple sugar, 795,525 pounds ; moUisses, 4,093 gallons ; wine, 4,6S& (in 1S4U, 193) gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $40:3,995, and of market-garden products, $000,020. HoiiK-made mamifactures for the year ending Ist June, 1850, were produced to the value of $205,333. The same class of productions, according to the census of 1S40, were valued at $231,942. iWn. C.n'^t Iron. VVrmiglit Iron. Total. 400,000 1,499,050 610,300 2,578,350 27,900 — — 27,900 — 81,134 7,030 88.164 — 3,361 — 8,861 — 12,401 11,022 -. 23,423 3,500 7S.500 1,937,000 1,057,904 221,194 1,404,839 Specifications. Capital invested dolKirs. . . Ore used tons Pig iron used " Old metal used " Mineral coal consumed " Coke and charcoal bushels... Yalue of all raw material, fuel, etc dollars. .1,855,000. . 186,741. Hands employed number... 203 1,696 260 2,119 Monthly cost of labor dollars.... 7,238 49,210 8,850 62,304 Ironprodueed tons 12.287 82,074 6,720 51,081 Value of entire products dollars.... 295,123 2,235,6-35 423,320 2,959,078 The above exhibited manufactures, comprising what may with propriety be termed national manufactures, compose but a moiety of the aggregate industrial establishments within the :ftate. Besides these there are in the State immense inter- ests in tlie manufacture of shoes and boots, carpeting, sperm caudles and oil, soap, carriages and cars, cabinet-ware, cop- per-ware, cordage, cutlery, engines and boilers, fire-arms, glass, glue, hats and caps, hollow-ware, etc, hosiery, lead paints, linen thread, lumber and shingles, machinery, musical iustruments, paper, powder, ploughs, etc., saddlery, etc., snuff, tobacco, etc, budding stone, straw hats, etc., sugar, tin-ware, tools, upholstery, wooden-ware, etc., and a large num- ber of minor, but still profitable manufactures. Massachusetts, indeed, is the great manufacturing State of the Union, and in reference to its extent and population, has no superior. It manufactures at least one sixth of the aggregate articles pro- duced in the workshops of the United States. The products of its cotton-mills constitute one-thu*d of thewliole of that staple, and its woolen manufactures are equally preponderant. Commerce, Namgation, etc. — Massachusetts, in the year ending SOIh June, 1350, exported to foreign countries to the value of $10,681,76-3, and imported to that of $30,374,684. Of the nyporta, $8,253,473 was the value of domestic produce— in American vessels $7,000,103, and in foreign vessels $1.2.'i3,370, and .$2,428,290 the value of foreign protluce- in American vcssel.s $1,898,497, and in foreign vessels $529,793; and of the imports $22,106,011 in American vessels, and $8,868,673 in foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances in the same year were as follows: ENTRAKCE8. CLEARANCES. Ifati<'nality. American. .. Foreign Total. Teoels. ...1,345.. ...2,732.. ..4,077.. Tonnage. Crcwa ..8:39,.50S 14.677 ..271,941 15,933 ..611,449 80,010 Newburyport 123 8,605 010 Gloucester 173 11,067 803 Salem and Beverley 886 -36,796 2,147 Boston 2,873 473,859 22,067 Marblehcad 177 12,030 790 Plymouth 10 644 35 BarnsUible 42 8,713 830 Fnlir.iver 78 12,7,39 5-35 New Bedford 181 83.154 2,564 Edgarlown '... 72 13,-2S6 074 Nantucket. — — — 450 I^uionalily Vessels. Tonnage. Crew*. .\mcrican 1.149 272,273 12..5:i3 Foreign 2.7.57 274,074 15.755 Total 8,906 546,952. . .... ,...28,283 Ncwburyport 140 9,703...,,,... 633 Gloucester 177 11,1-38 760 Salem and 'Beverley.. 872 85,n03 2.091 Boston 2,8:39 437-760- 20,813 Marl)lehe;id 176 11,414 763 Plymouth 10 6U 85 Barnstable 81 2.i310 149 Fall River 87 5,479 290 New Bedford 118 82.027 2,-199 Kdgartown 6 1,223 99 NautuckcL 1 851 26 MASSACHUSETTS. The total shipping owned in the State at the date reforrL-J to amounted to G>4,-i4'2 tons; registered — permanent 411,973 tons, and temporary Gl,:?50 tons; enrolled and licensed — permanent 203,767 tons; and licensed (under 20 tons) — in Iho coasting trade 1,S21 tons, and in the cod flslieries 1,74S tons. Of the registered shipping 122,676 tons were engaged in tho whale fishery, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was employed— in the coasting trade 115,S46 tons, ia the cod flsliery 40.003 tons, and the mackerel fishery 42.S95 tons; and 7,903 tons were navigated by steam-power. The tonnage of the several districts was— Newburyport 23.202 tons, Ipswich 573 tons, Gloucester 22,474 tons, Salem 23,916 tons, Beverley :J.173 tons, Marblehcad 6,&42 tons, Boston 820,687 tons, Plymouth 10,722 tons, Fall Kiver 13,102 tons, New Bedford 127,9(J0 tons, Barnstable 91,102 tons, Edgartown 7,009 tons, and Nantucket 29,013 tons. The shipping built in the State during the year amounted to 121 vessels of all kinds — 51 ships, 19 brigs, 46 schooners, 3 sloops, and 2 steamers — of an aggregate burden of 35.So6 tons; and of tlie whole number 10 (4,657 tons) were built at Newbiiryport, 26 (1,996 tons) at Gloucester, 1 (293 tons) at Salem, S(S17 tons) at Marblehead, 43 <23,430 tons) at Boston, 5 (579 tons) at Plymouth, 5 (1,254 tons) at Fall River, 4 (7S1 tinis) at Now Bedford, 23 (1,364 tons) at Barnstable, and 1 (109 tons) at Edgartown. The statistics of the foreign commerce of tlio State for a series of years— 1791 to 1350 — exhit)it the following movements in the value of exports and imports : Yfar. Kxrorta. Imp.'rU. Tenr. ETporlfl. 17'.ll ... . . $3,619,051 . . $ ISll ... ...$ll,23.'i.-lC5 i:oi . . . .. 2,8SS,ln4... 1812 ... ... 6,583,.S.3S 119:5 . . . .. 8,7,W,34r... 1813 ... . . . l,Sl)7.9-23 UM ... .. 6.2'.i3.441 ... 1814 ... ... l,l:S,799 17SI5 ... .. 7,in.9H7... 1815...- . . . 5,230,083 1796 ... .. 9.949,345... 1816 ... ... 10,130,439 17!i7... .. 7,.5n2.m7... 181T... ... 11,927,997 1795 ... . . 8,&39,253 . . . 181S ... .... 11,998,150 ITOD ... .. Il,421,.i91 ... 1319 ... ... 11,399,913 ISOO . . . .. 11,826,870... 1620 . . . . .. 11,008,923 l^Ht ... .. 14,S70,.'>56 ... 1821 ... ... 12,484,691 1-iJ ... .. 13,492,0»2 ... 1823 ... . .. 12,098,525 iS(i;3 ... .. 8,7138,566.,. 1S33 . . . ... 1.%C8:?,23D 1S04 ... .. 16,894.378 ... 1824... ... 10,434.388 1S05 . . . .. 19,43,'),657... 1825 . . . ... 11,432,9-3T 1800... .. 21,199,248 ... 1820 ... . .. 10.098,802 1307... .. 21,113,125 ... 1827 . . . ... 10,424,383 ISOS . . . .. 5,128,322... 1828 ... . . . 9,025,785 1S09 . . . .. 12.142.293 ... 1S29 ... . . . 8,254.937 ISIO ... .. 13,01.3,043... 1S30 ... .. 7,213,194 * 1831 $7,783,703 . 1332 11,993,708 . 1833 9,683,122 . 18.34 4,672,746. 1335 10,043,790 . 1886 10.380,846. 1837 9,728,190 . 1888 9,104,802 . 1839 9.270,085 . 1840 10,186,261 . 1841 11,487,843 . 1342 9,807,110 . 1843 6,405,207 . 1844 9,096,236. 1845 10,351,030 . 1840 10,.313,11S . 1847 11.348,402 . 13+8 18,419,099 . 1349 10,264,S02 . 13D0 10,081,763 . Importa. $14,209,056 13,118,900 19,940,911 17,072,129 19,800,373 23,681,402 19,9S4,Gi;3 13,300,925 19.385,225 16,513,858 20,31 S,(«)8 17,936,433 10,789,452 20,290,007 23,781,024 24,190,963 81.477,008 28,017,707 24,745,917 80,374,634 Internal Improvements. — In proportion to surface no other State of the Union is so thoroughly supplietl with railrnads .md other means of communication as M.issachusetls. It was the first State to adopt tlie railroad, and it has ever since iiaiiitained a pre-eminence in respect of raihoads, and at the present time the several lines extend in every direction, forming a net-work of iron bauds. The principal lines are those extendin,a: from Boston and Worcester toward Maine and New Ilampsliirc, passing through the great manufacturing towns of the north-east section, and tli'iee exteniiiiig southward from tliose centres to the Atlantic and Long Island Sound. Two great lines also extend through Iho lenglli of the St.ate from Boston iv'n Worecster to Albany, and from Boston rhi Greenfield to Troy on the Hudson Iliver, Ijoth forming links in the chains toward the great lakes and the far West Tlio total length of railroad in the State in 1853 was 1,201 miles, or about 1 mile of road to every 6} miles of surface. Ma-ssacliusetts has .also several canals, as the Blackstone Canal, from Worcester to Providence, 45 miles long ; the Middlesex Canal, from Boston to the Merrimac Eiver, 27 miles long; the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, 23 miles long, and several short canals and river improvements for the pnrpose of overcoming falls and rapids in the rivers. The canals in this State, however, are at the present time little used as means of commercial intercourse, but in some instances their waters arc v.aliiable for manufactm-ing purposes. Hanl-s and Samngs Institutimis.—la 1351 there was a total of 130 banking institutions in Massachusetts, of which 30 wcro in Boston and 100 in other parts of the State. The following exhibits their condition in the aggregate in that year : Boston Bnnlis, Otiier Banie. Total. Liabilities. Boston naiiks. Otljer Baijo. Total, Capital $21,760,000 $16,505,000 $38,265,000 Circul.1.— .$5 .and upward 6,678,816 9,080,879 16,866,195 " —less than $5... 1,001,363 2,328,140 8.329.503 Net profits on hand 2,465,373 1,359,235 8,824,608 Due other b.-mks 6,787,143 214,773 7,001.921 Deposils without interest 8,790,.=.T5 4,173.200 12,909.775 at interest 601.317 268,811 870,128 Total. .$48,090,092 $a4,637,559 $82,027,051 Resourres. Specie $1,817,383 Eeal estate 690,394 Bills of other banks in State 5,302,591 " " " elsewh'e 344,840 Due from other banks . . 3,223,354 Notes, bills of exchange, and all other stock ... 36,811,525 $061,471 $2,478^69 407,819 535,245 63,111 8,320,879 998,213 6,837,a30 397,951 6,650,2.33 29,529,583 66,341,110 Total $48,090,092 $34,514,109 $82,604,202 Average dividends of 30 Boston banks in Oclol)cr, 1850, w.as a fraction over 3.4 per cent.— in April, 1851, it was a fraction over 3.9 per cent.: average dividends of 100 other bauks in October, 18.50, a fraction over 3.39 per cent., and in April, 1851, a fraction over 3.7 per cent. In 45 savings institutions that made returns there were S6,.537 depositors, and $15,564,083 deposits securely invested. The average dividends for the year was 4.73 per cent. The whole expense of managing these inetrtations h«s been $43,707 dtiring the year. Gorenmu^nt.— The eonstimlion of this Slate was framed in 1780, amended in 1821, and since that period has undergone several modifications. According to its provisions everj- male citizen, of the ago and upward of 21 years, paui)ers and persons under guarriianship excepted, resident the, last past year in the State, and the last past six mtmlhs at the plaet> of voting, and who, unless exempt from taxation, shall have paid any state or county lax within the last two years, eiiji.ys the right of voting at all popular elections. The general election is held on the second Monday in November annually. 451 MASSACHUSETTS. The leghiative uulhority is vested in a Genenti Court, consisting of a Senate and House of Eepresentativea, The representatives, at present 299 in number, are chosen by towns in ratio of their population. "Every town containing 1,200 inhabitants may elect one, and an atiditional representative fyr every 2,400 above that number; and every town of less than 1,200 inhabitants may elect a representative a3 many times within 10 years as 160 is contained in l,2i'0 ; and every two br more towns may unite and form a representative district; and all these numbers sliali be raised one-tenth when the population of the State shall be 770,"0(), and at the f*ame rate for every increase of 70,000 tliereafler." Kepre" sentativca must be residcuta for the last past year of the towns which return them. The Senate consists of 40 members, elected from districts of equal population, but no county is divided 'in the apportionment, and Nantucket and Duke's counties have only one senator conjointly. The Le^slature meets annually on the first Wednesday in January, For the purpose of settling the ratio of representation and the senatorial districts a census is taken every ten years. The chief &D€Cutiv6 power is vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-governor is elected with the same qualification; iiiid in Iho same manner as the governor, viz., annually by a majority of voU'S. He must have resided in the Slate for the last past seven years, and be seized of a freehold of $1,000 value. If there be no choice by the people, the representatives choose two of the four candidates, if so many there be, having the highest number of votes, and of which two the Senate chooses one for governor. The governor can veto any bill of the general court, but two-thirds of the members thereof afterward voting in favor of such negatived bill it becomes law nevertheless. The governor is advised and assisted in his duties by an Executive Council, of which the lieutenant-governor is eoyoffido a member, and which is chosen annually by joint ballot of the legislature. The lieutenant-governor, in case of a vacancy occurring in the office of governor, exercises the chief executive powers, and both falling, the same is exercised by the council. The Secretary of State and Treasurer are chosen in like manner. The Judiciary consists of a Supremo Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc. The supreme court has a chief justice and four other justices, who are appointed by the governor and council, and hold office during good behavior. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive chancery jurisdiction, and concurrent original jurisdiction in all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $G00 in Suffolk and $300 in the other counties. It holds law terms in eight of the fourteen counties, and ni-nprius terras iu all the counties. The court of common, pleas is held for the trial of civil cases above $20, and, except in Suffolk County, has criminal jurisdiction in all cases not capital. There are six judges, one of whom is chief judge, and frequent terms are held in each county. In Suffolk criminal juris- diction is exercised by the municipal court. Trial justices and justices of the peace exercise local civil and criminal juris- diction in cases of minor importance. A court of insolvency is held in each county on the first Tuesday of each month before special commissioners, and a proViate court, consisting of a judge and register, is established at each county scat- Permanent and honorable siihiries are provided for all judicial officers. The Stut£ militia of Massachusetts in 1S50, according to the returns of the Adjutant-general, consisted of 119.690 men of all arms, of which number 549 were commissioned officers, and 119,U1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general officers, 35 general staff officers, 112 field officors, etc., and 392 company officers. The enrolled mihtia consists of all able-bodied white male citizens of the age of IS years, and under that of 4o years, and the a-ctive militia consists of volunteers wlio have a per diem allowance when on duty. The latter are comprised in three divisions and six brigades, embracing two division corjjs of cadets, one tro*>p of cavalry, four regiments, one battalion, and one company "aimcxed" of artillery, and nine regiments of light infantry. Among a large number of h&iievoUnt institutions for tlie relief of the unfortunate which exist in Massachusetts, the following are conspicuous for their extent and efficiency: The Slate Lunatic Asylum at 'Worcester, founded in 1nS-3 ; the Massachusetts General Ilospital, at Boston, incorporated inlSU; Perkins Institution, or Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, at Boston, instituted in 1881 ; the Boston Lying-in Ilospital, iuslituted in 1S32 ; the XT. 9. Marine Hospital, at Chelsea ; the Lowell ITuspital; and the M'Lean Asylum for the Insane, at Somerville, a department of the General Hospital. The Asylum at Worcester is one of the best institutions of the kind anywhere established. On the 1st December, 1349, the number of inmates was 429—220 males and 209 females; admitted during the year 241—129 males and 112 females; remaining in the Hospital, 80th N-ovember, 1S50, 441— 22-S males and 213 females, and of this number 1G9 were foreigners. Of those admitted during the year 194 were committed by the com'ts, IG by the overseers, and SI were private boarders ; and of the number discharged, 125 were recovered, 15 improved, 23 incurable and hamUess. 4 incurable and dangerous, and 57 died. Total means. of the institution for the year, $tj2,4~0 ; expenditures, $46,770. The average annua! expense of each patient, for the IS years the hospital has been in operation, is $113 75. Besides the institutions above named, there is a School for Idiots, at Newton, and an Kye and Ear Infirmary, at Boston. The deaf and dumb of the State are provided for in the American Asylum, at Hartford. In iNin, the sums appropriated by the legislature for the su])port of unfortunates were as follows: Asylum for the Blind, $14,oi)0; Asylum fur the Deaf and Dumb, $3,206; Eye and Kar Infirroar}', $7,000 ; Slate Lunatic Asylum, $3,200 ; School for Lliols, $2,500, etc. FimmccSfDehty (tc— The ordinarj' revenue received into the public treasury, during the year ending Ist January, 1851, amounted to $492,810 64, and all other receipts On^lu*l"'g $495,000 temporary loans), to $938,950 33— total receipts, $1,481,761 02 ; to which add cash on hand, 1st Janaury, 1S50, $53,553 33, aud the totiil means of the treasury is exliihiled »l $1,540,319 40. Ordinarj' expenditure, $566,005 54 ; expenditure on other accounts (including $495,C00 loans repaid), $350,225 25 — total expenditures^ $1,416,230 79. Excess of expenditures on account of ordinary revenue, $73,244 00; excess of receipts on other accounts, $133,725 13 : and cxce.«s of aggregate receipts, $65,4S0 23, or, including the cnsh on hand at ti)e commencement of the year, $124,033 61, of which sum $5,309 22 is on accomit of ordinary revenue, and $118,329 39 on all other interests. The public debt of Massachusetts on its own account, on tlie 1st January, 1851, was .$1,210,375 ; liability for scrip loaned to the various railroads, $5,"49.555 56— tot.al absolute and contingent debt, $6,259,930 56. The value of all property belonging to the commonwealth, at that date, was $10,35(5,857 45. Excess of resources over liabilities, $4,126,426 89. The total value of personal and real estate assessed for taxation, iu ISOO, was $540,003,057; but the estimate, or true valuation, according to the census of that year, was $573,342,286. FefUral i?f/*/'^«^7i*7(i07?.— Mas-sichusells, in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Congress, 28d May, 1850, is entitled to send eleven, representatives to the National Legislature. £kJ'Uc.ngrc'gat'1.4.39 . .237,237 . 3,27'J,0S9 Dutch Ec-r.. — . — — Episcopal.. 68 . . 23,.5!1.5 . . 657,250 Free 8 . i.iino . 11,750 Friends ... ST . . IS.SiJ . io.s,i;«o Denomiiia, No. of tions, Churi;in'9, Gcrm'uEef. — .. .Jewish 1 . . Lutheran . . 1 . . Mennonite. — . . Methodist.. 255 .. I^roravian. . ■ — . . Presbyter'u. 15 . . -c-U V;,l„e or III. I'roi.eity, 2"l) ., 450 ., 94.(111 7,7S5 1.200 11,193 934,3S0 S2,500 D.Tiomiim. No. of Cl.urcU Vnhie of lions. clmnlK's. ac.oni. V,. Calhdlie . 315 . . 80,315 . Swedeub'g . 8 . . 1,840 . Tunker — . . — rnion 6 . . 1.810 . L'nilarian .,103 .. 92.93S . Ulliver»aliit.ll7 ., 49,364 . Minor Setts 11 . . 3,6S0 . l-ro|„.,ly, $477,000 00,000 9,550 2,320,147 043,^75 17,45!) —making a total of 1,4-30 churches, h.lving acoommofKaticm for 082,908 persons, and valued as property at !fl0,205,2S4. Massachusetts constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is a portion of the Eonum Catholic dioce.se of Boston, province of New York. Paiipet-i-'ijn and Crime, — The number of persons relieved or supported as paupers, iu 1S50, was 25,981, of whom 7,900 were t49, there were 310 iBniales ; received during the year 106, and discharged 94; leaving 824 inmates on the 80th November, 1850. All Ihe boys are employed, during a portion of the day, at gome mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor ; they do their own washing, ironing, and cooking, aiid make and mend their own clothes. Each d.ay, 4 hours are devott^d to school, 6 to labor, 8} to sleep, and 5i to recreation and miscellaneous duties. The buildings can accommodate 850 boys. The boys are healthy, and but four deaths had occurred during the year. 453 MASSACHUSETTS. The jails and houses of correction, in 1849-50, received 10,6G1 prisoners, and 1,112 remained in confinement on the lltb November, 1S50. Of the whole number, 9,1S0 were males, and 1,4S1 females— 1,619 minors, 535 colored, 8,583 able to read and write, 23 insane, 1,54G ualives of filaasaehusetls, 882 natives of oilier States, 5,S54 foreigners, 2,-129 nativity not known. Average cost of board for each prisoner, per week, $1 66. Tolal expense for the year, $102,271. Estimated valoe of labor in houses of correction, $22,312. Uistvi'ical Sketch.— The first accurate account of the country now called New England, was furnished by Bartholomew Gosuold, who, sailing from England in 16o2 in a course nearly west, discovered a promontory which he called Cape Cod. Kavigaling the coast southwest, he touched at various points and examined the country. On his return, he gave so favor- able an account of its elimatc and soil, as at once to revive the slumbering spirit of adventiu-e and colonization. By the exertions of Hackluyl, a man of science and learning, two companies were formed in IGOG — the first consisting of adven- turers chiefly of London, and the other of merchants of Plymuulh and Uristol, The former settled Virginia, and the ' latter the provinces of New England. The Plj-mouth company was unf<>rlunate in its first attempts. In IGOT. a party of aboat one hundred persons were4aniicd, but these, discoiu"agcd, returned the ensuing year, and no furilHir attempts were made for some lime afterward, licligious fervor, however, effected what commercial enterprises had iUiled to aecomplisli. In 1620, a congregation of English puritans, whom oppression had driven to Holland, obtained from the London company grants of land within their ]»atent, and (in number 102) sailed from Plymouth for the river Hudson, on the banks of which they had intended to have lormed settlements. They were carried further north, however, and landed near Cape Cod. Their first care was now to form a civil government They chose a governor, and to aid him an assistant, but the number of assistants was afterward increased to seven. The supreme power resided with the whole people, and it was not until 1639 that they established a representative body. In imilalion of the primitive Christians they threw all their property into common stock, but experience soon taught them the .impracticability of such a system. In 1630, they obtained from the Plymouth company a grant of the land on which they had settled. These original colonists are now known by the title of the *' Pilgrim Fathers,'- and the anniversary of their arrival is still religiously observed by their descendants. Although many detached parties were constantly arriving, the settlement progressed slowly. The first permanent town erected was Salem, and afterward Charlesti>wn was built. A Inish sjiring, however, was given to the exertions of the Plymouth company in 162S, in which year it received a new patent, and its jmwers, which had previously been exercised in England, were now removed to America. Emigration hence became considerable; in July, 1G30, seventeen ships arrived at Salem with 1.500 persons, by some of whom Boston was founded. The early ye;irs of the colonics were passed under a complication of troubles — the French and Indians hovered around them, and the policy of the peojjle was dis- tasteful to the Stuart dj-na&ty. In 1035 Charles I. appointed commissioners, with absolute powers "to make laws and constitutions concerning either the State, public, or the utihty of individuals." Two years afterward he forbade thd emigration of all non-conformists, and in 1633 a quo warranto was issued, upon which judgment was given against the colonists without aflbrding them a hearing. The state of afiairs at home, however, prevented any further prosecution of these designs on the part of the king. The political axiom of the times was, that the peace of the State depended upon the unity of religioiis opinion, and it was mainly the enforcement of this axiom that led to the persecution of dissenting sects by the established goveniineuL The experience of Uieir own sufferings in England, from religious persecution, unfortunately taught the colonists no lesson of toleration. Scarcely had they organizeil themselves, than they began to put in practice a similar mode of com- pelling uniformity to that pursued by their own persecutors, and all not professing the peculiar views of the puritan government, then in vogue, were excluded from its protection. In 1635 the famous dispute arose respecting the coi-tnant of grace and the covenant of woi'k^, and those who espoused the side of the latter being the most numerous, resorted to the accepted and ancient mode of glorifying God by persecuting their oppom-nts. The leaders of the Antinomian party ■were banished, and thus contributed to the settlement oX Khode Island, which had been begun the year previous by Eoger Williams and a party exiled for a similar cause. The downfall of monarchy in England checked the progress of emigration, by securing protection to the puritans at home, but was, in many other respects, advantageous to the colonies. Their civil liberties were safer, and some extraor- dinary privileges were granted to their commerce. The prospects of hostilities with the Indians, however, compelled Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven to form a defensive confederation. On the liesioraiion Massa- chusetts was found to have increased in import;ince to such a tlegree, that the anxiety of the king was naturally awakened, It«t an impression should be made in favor o^lhe superior advantages of democratic institutions, and accordingly coercive measures were adopted by the crown, and commissioners were appointed to superintend alfairs. The navigation laws were enforced, and the destruction of tlie colonial charters resolved upon, but death marred the execution of the project by Cliarles II. His successor James was equally hosiile to freedom. He determined to unite all the provinee^ of New England into one government under a president aiul couucil, and found a fit agent for his purpose in Sir Edmond Andi-oss. After dissolvmg the charter governments of Connecticut and Ehode Island, the president proceeded to Massa- chusetts, where he compelled a temporary submission. Eeinonstranccs were in vain. The infatuated monarch was *lctermined to crush the spirit of freedom in both hemispheres, and in furtlierance of his designs, annexed New York and New Jersey to the Union already formed. Tlio government of Andross expired with that of his royal master, and the fijrmer order of things was immediately restored. The people of Massachusetts, however, derived no great advantages from the Revolution. They petitioned for the legal restoration of their charter, which the judges of Charles 11. had declared to be forfeited, but they found to their dissatisfac- tion that they were not to expect the same liberal provisio?is as before. The king was to appoint the governor, and by him the assetftbly was to I>e called, prorogued, and dissolved, and by him all ollicers were to be appointed. By the new charter Plymouth was now finally united to M:issachusclls. Notwithstanding its objecliouablo provisions, the now government went into o]>eration without any interference on the piu-t of the people, and this may not seem extraordinary when it is considered that the right of voting, which hitherto had been confined to church members, was now extended to all freeholders. ^ Almost the first act of the governor and counsel, on their coming into offlc£, was the institnlion of a court to try the nnfortunate victims of popular delusion accused of witchcraft at Salem. This delusion took po^ession of the minds of all, and so firmly convinced were the magistrates that the Prince of Darkness was in their midst, using human instruments to accomplish his p\u-poscs, that the slightest testimony was deemctl suflicient to justify a commituil for trial. Many were trie<.l, and received sentence of death. The jails were full of the accused, and, alas I before the spell of infatuation was 454 MAS MAS broken, which wa3 not before the rich and influentiiil became involved by accusations, no less than twenty unfortunates had undergone the penalty of the law ! The war with the French and Indians, which began in 1000, was not yet terminated. For seven years the frontiers were ravaged. Peace between England and France, which was concluded in 1097, wa3 soon fnllowed by pt'ace with the savages. When war again broke out in Europe, in 1707, Massachuselts again joined in arms with tlie mother country, and-^ contributed largely in money and men. While thus supporting the wars undertaken by England, however, the assembly did not forget its own rights, and was warmly engaged in contests with the royal governnr. Every session presented a Boene of altercation, and public business was with difficulty transacted, through the determination of tbe representatives not to give a fixed salary to their governor, which the latter was resolved to obtain. War again broke out between France and England in 1745, and an expedition against Lonisburg was projected in Massachusetts. A poweifu! armament was prepared principally by this province, and the command given tn Colonel l'epper<--H. a rich merchant of Boston. The fort was taken, but at tlie subsequent jieace Louisburg was restored to the French, a proceeding which caused great discontent in Massachusetts. In t!ie war which ended in the subjiigatiDii of Canada, Massachusetts surpassed her former exertions in supporting the arms of England. Jn the year 17o7 she ha-l 9,H"0 men in the field, and maintained this number untU the return of peace in 1763. The extraordinary expenses of this war led to the imposition of internal taxes on the very colonies which had expended so much blood and treasure in their support. Massachusetts was the first to remonstrate against, and the most slrenuous to oppose, this injustice. At the recommendation of her court it was that the first conlmental congress was convened. When, after the repeal of the stamp act, the duty on tea was attempted to be imposed, the earliest pojtular movements appeared at Boston. The attempts of the British ministry to enforce obedience only strengthened the cause of the colonists, and the flame of war which broke out in Massachusetts gradually extended itself over the whole Anglo-American possessions. Massachusetts was, in tbe early part of the contest, the theatre of hostilities, by which she sulfcrcd much, while she contributed greatly by her exertions to the successIW issue of the conflict. The extreme pressure of the taxes consequent on these exertions led to serious discontent among the people after the ■. peace of 17^. The government was feebly administered, and at length, in 17S6. an open insurrection took place in the western counties. The insurgents, under a popular leader, named Shays, committed great excesses, and all order for a time was suspended. They were at length overcome by General Sheppard, and tht-h- leaders driven out of the State. JIassachusetts ratified the federal constitution on the 6th February, 17SS. The policy of the State, during the war of 1S12, was in opposition to that of the general government. Her political weight had always been cast in the scale of the federal party. The whole people were vehemently opposed to the war, and her governors refused to place the State militia under the control of their political opponents. From this period to the Convention at Hartford, in which Massachusetts took an active part, the ads of her party leaders uniformly tended to embarrass the government. Massachusetts suffered somewhat in her commerce during the latter part of the war, but except in the occupation of a part of the then district of Maine by Brilisti forces, experienced little injury from tiie contest. It was during the wars which succeeded the French lievolulion, and tbis war, that the manufacturing interests of Massa- chusetts took root, and obtained a permanent stability. Maine hitherto had been attached to Massachusetts, but in 1S20 this connection was dissolved by nmtual consent, and the former was admitted as an independent State of the United Stales. Boston, on Massachusetts Bay, is the pohtical capital of the State. Massa.0 county, EL Situate in the exfreme S., and con- tains '234 sq. m. Ohio r. is its S. boundary, and in the N. is tJie pond Slough, a line of ponds and marshes, with islands of rich land between, but it has no considerable streams. On the Ohio is a tract of dry barrens, and furtlier N. much excellent land. Com is tlie staple product Tobacco is raised, and beef and pork are exjiorted. Farms 3S5; manuf 11 ; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,070, fr. coL 22— totid 4,092. Capltiil : Metropolis. Massan'utton, p. o., Page co., Yirg. : 97 ra. N. N. W. Eichmond. Near it is a beautiful sheet of water on Massa- nutton Mountain, which has an unbroken f:dl of near 50 feet, below which the water flows in a deep chasm of lime- stone rock with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- sents a beautiful spectacle. Massena, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.: 16.5 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Fvackett and Grass r., flow- ing into the St. Lawrence, the latter hounding it on the N. Surface ideasantly diversified: soil rich and fertile, produc- ing frrass and grains. There is an extensive sulphur spring near Kacket r., which evolves large quantities of sulphu- reted hydrogen gas, and contains carbonates of soda, lime, magnesia, and suli)hur. There is extensive water-power here which is improved, and moves several large mills. The V. contains several mills, workshops, and stores, and alMiut 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,915. Masbky's Ceos3 Koads, p. o., Kent co., Md. : 45 m. N. E. Annapolis. Massilon, p. v., Stark co., OJiia ; on the left bank of Tus- carawas r., 93 m. N. E. Columbus. At this point also the Ohio Canal and the Ohio and Pennsylvania \l. E. intersect, furnishing avemies of travel and transport;ition in every di- rection. Massilon was founded in 1S20— in 1S40 it contain- ed 1,422 inhabitants, and inlSSO upward of .3,500 inhabitants. It is one of the most flourishing interior towns of the State, and is tbe depfU of a rich and extensive agricultural vicinity. It has been called, and not inaptly, the " wheat city," its trade in that staple being enormous. Tbe v. is neatly and substan- tially built, and many of the dwellings and warehouses are of stone, which is abunilant in the neighborhood, and the bridge over the Tuscarawas is also an elegant stme struc- ture. The manufactures of MassUon are in a flourishing condition, and comprise a considerable variety' of handi- crafts — iron-ware and flour being the principal products, Biluminnus coal of an excellent quality is abundant, and has been mined for several years. The aggregate exports and imports of this place are estimated at nearly $5,000,000 an- nually. A bank is located here. The newspapers publish- ed here are, the *'M. News" (indep.), the "Wheat City Mercury*' (dem.), and the " Missionary Messenger'' (Luth,), all published weekly. The v. has several good schools, among which the Union School sLinds pre-eminent, and also churches of the principal Christian denominations. The locatifin of Massilon is well chosen, and is one abounding in rich and warm scenery; its vicinity is thickly settled, and villagi'S have sprung up on aU sides. On the west side of the river is a suburb of the v., called 'West Massilon, which will probaltly become a large place, having equal facilities with the original village. Massilon. p. v., AU«'n co., IiuT. : in S. E. part of county, 99 m. N. E. Indianajiolis. Massflok, p. v.. CUnton co., la. : near W. boundary of county, 2 ra. N. Wapsii)inicon r., 37 m. N. E. Iowa City. Masten's Coknec, p. o., Kent co., Del. : 5 m. W. Dover. Mastiirsonville, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. Ilarrihburg 4£5 MAS MAU Mastekton, p. v., Monroe Co., Ohw: 9D ni. E. bj- S. Cohimbus. Mast Hope, sla., Sullivan co., N. T.: on the New York and Erie E. E., 126 m. New York. Mast Yard, p. v., Merrimac co., if. Hamp. : on N. side of Contoocook r., a branch of the Merrimac r., 7 m. Vi. Concord. The Concord and Chircmonl E. E. passes through the v., distant 19 m. from Bradford, at which place stages connect with cars for Newberry, Sunapee, Newport, Clare- mont, etc. Matagoeda county, Teap. Situate S. E. on the Gulf, and contams 992 sq. m. Colorado r. flows S. through the mid- dle, and many small streams empty into Matagorda Bay, the largest being the Trespalaeios and C.aney bayoux. Sur- face almost uniformly level. Most of the county is ojjcn prairie, but the Colorado and Caney have broad forests on either side, and the smaUer streams have all narrow belts of timber. Soil exceedingly rich, being generally a deep black mold, free from stones, with a substratum of red loam ; near the Caney it is of a mulatto color, light and friable, but clammy and adhesive near the prairies. Corn and cotton produce large crops. Tobacco of the verj- best kind is raisfd in the S., and the coast region is eminently fitted for rice-growing. The sugar raised is superior, and the county is admirably adapted to its cultivation. When the rata are removed the rivers will open abundant com- manication with the interior. Farms 89 ; manuf ; dwell. 1V6, and pop.— wh. 913, fr. col. 3, si. 1,20S— total 2,124. Capital: Matagorda. Matagorda, p. v., and cap. Matagorda co., T«r.: on an elevated plain at the S. W.comer of Bay Prairie, 2 m. F.. of the outlet of Colorado r., on the N. bank of Matagorda Bay, 1.38 m. S. E. Austin City. It is the only important v. in the county, it has an excellent harbor, and is at aU sea- sons approachable by vessels drawing S and 9 feet of water. When the raft of the Colorado shall have been removed, this town will become the dcp6t of one of the mo.st fertile, productive, and extensive sections of T«xas. " The Colo- rado Tribune" is the name of a weekly issue. Matamoea, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenit. : 155 m. S. 'VT. Nashville. Matamoeas, p. o., Montgomery co., iK Car. : SI m. S.'W. Raleigh. Matheeton, p. o., Ionia county, -Mich. : 23 m. N. W. Lansing. Matildattlle, p. v., St. Lawrence co., JK r: .- on Eacket r., 147 m. N. N. W. Albany. Matilda vn,i.E, p. v.. Clarion CO., Pemi. : on the S. side of Clarion r., 67 m. N. by E. Pittsburg, and 155 \V. N. W. Harrisburg. MATTAfoNY river, Vtrg. : rises in Spoltsylvania county, and is formed by the junction of Mat, Ta, Po, and Ny rivers. At the S. E. point of King William County it unites with Pamunky r. to form York river. Mattapoisett, p. o., Plymouth CO., 3rass.: on Buzzard's Bay, 68 m. S. by E. Boston. The fishery is the chief em- ployment of the inhabitants, and is carried to a great extenL There is a fine harbor by the same name which makes up to the v. and affords good anchorage. Mattawamkeag, p. v., Penobscot CO., Me. : on the E. side of the Penobscot r., 113 m. N. E. Augusta. Mattawan, p. v.. Van Buren co., Mich. : 69 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Central E. E. passes the v. 126 m. distant Detroit and 127 Chicago. MattejVwan, p. v., Duchess co,, K Y. : on Fishkill cr., 14 m. from the landing on the Hmlson, 77 m. 8. Albany. The creek has here a fall of 40 foot, and affords extensive water-power, which is improved for manufacturing pur- poses. The v. contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and is the seat of extensive iron-works and machine shops, and has besides these several cotton and other factories, chiefly en- gaged in the manufacture of heavy goods. Mattuews county, rirg. Situate S. E. on the Chesa- 4S6 peake, and contains 89 sq. m. Piankatank r. is iU N. bound:u-y, and Mobjack Bay lies on the S., into which East r. flows, the largest stream of the county. Surface' low and level ; soi! of average fertility. Com is the slapic, and there is some good wheat land. The bays and creeks abound in flnc oysters, and the shad and herring fl,«hcries are very valuable. It has no miU-strcams, but wind-mills .and tide-mills are used. Oji the Piankatank is cvcellcnl ship timber. Farms 293 : manuf. 8; dwell. 711, and pop.— «h. 3,644, fr. col. 147, si. 2,928.— total 6,714. Capital- Matthews C. H. Mattuew's C. n., p. v., and cap. Matthews co., Virg. : in the centre of county, 9 m. N. W. New Point Comfort, and 69 m. E. Eichmond. Mattukw-s Mills, p. o., Eichland co., III.: on W. side Fox r,, 109 m. S, E. Springfield, MATinEW's Store, p. o., Aune Arundel Co., Mel. : 15 m. N. by W. AnnapoUs. Mattuewsville, p. v,, Pocahontas eo,, Virg.: 123 m. W, N, W. Eichmond. The v. is situate at the fixit of the Alleghany Mouutains which bound the county on the E. Mattl',on, t. and p, o,. Branch co., J/icA..- 61 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by SL Joseph's r. and Swan cr., one of its branches. There is a pond in the S, E. part of the L Surface rolling; soil dark, rich, sandy loam, with oak ojien- ings. The timber hind afl'ords excellent grazing, the re- mainder is weU adapted to grain. Pop, of t, 475, Mattitfck, p. v,, Sufl-olk CO,, A^ Y. : on the Long Island E, E,, S3 m. New York, 183 m, S, E, Albany, It is a small V, situate midway between Great Peconio Bay and Long Island Sound, It contains a church and about 85 dwehings. Mattoas, sta., Amcha co,, rirg. : on the Eichmoud and DanvUle E. E,, 27 m. S. W, Eichmond. Mal-ch CuiTiK, t., p, v,, and cap. Carbon co,, Peim.: 71 m. N. E.H.arrisburg. Surface mountainous; soil gravelly. Drained by Beaver, Mauch Chunk, and other creeks which empty into the Lehigli r. The v. is situate at the head of the Lehigh Canal, on which the great bulk of the coal is carried to market, and on the W. bank of Lehigh r., in a beautiful ravine, walled in on either side by rocky mount- ains of a great height, forming a very picturesque appear- ance. This being an important coal region, the iuhabilanls are chiefiy employed in mining and shipping coal. There is bnt little of the t. under culture, provisions being brought from a distance. There are two anthracite blast furnaces here, each having an annual capacity of 2,000 tous. The great coal mine is reached by an inclined plane some 700 feet in length with a 200 feet rise, A railway extends to the mine. The M.auch Chunk and Summit Hill E. E. verges from here and connects wilJi the Philadelphia and Ecading E. E. by stage from Summit Hill to Tamaqua, distance by stage 6 m. Besides the court-house and usual public buildings, there are some fine stores, dwellings, and a number of mills and workshops in the t. There are two weekly newspapers published here, the " Carbon Democrat" (dem,), and " Car- bon County Gazette" (whig), I'oj), of t. 2,568. Mauckpoet, p. v,, Harrison co,, In^. : on the N. bank of the Ohio r., near the mouth of Buck cr., 115 m. S. lndi.an.apolis. Mal-ldikg's Mili.9, p. o., Wayne eo., IH. : 115 m, 8, E. Springfield, on the W, side Skillet Fork of Little Waliasb, Maii.mee City, p, v,, and cap. Lucas co,, 0/iio: on the W, side of Maumee r,, at the foot of the rapids and at the hea.l of navigation, 118 m, N. N, W, Columbus, The Wab,Tsh and Erie Canal passes the v,, and is connected with the river by a side cut, aCTording it excellent commercial facil- ities. It contains a court-house and other eoulily buildings, churches of several denominations, numerous stores, and several factories and fiouring mills driven by the excellent water-power afforded by the r.apids above the place. Pop. 1,757, The " Maumee Eivor Times" (whig) is pubUshed here weekly, Maumee river, Ohio. This river rises in the N. E. par» ' MAU MAY of Indiana, and flowing N. E., enters Lake Erie through Maiimee Bay. It is funned by the junction of Little 8t. Joseph's, St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglaiso rivers, lis length is about 100 m., and 50 in. from its mouth it is 70 rods wide. The navigation is open to schooners and steam- boats IS ni. to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall isboalable to Fort "Wayne, and at all times furnishes extensive water- power. The Wabash and Erie Canal is constructed along its banks. The country on its borders is very productive. Maumeli^, p. o., Pulaski co., Ark.: 15 m. N. W. Little Eock. Mauiiick river, K Jer. : a tributary of Delaware r. from Gloucester co. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of SO or 100 tons. It has fine embanked meadows, and on its upper course afforils valuable water-power. Excellent oysters are taken at its mouth. Mauricetown, p. v., Cumberland county, ^^. Jer. : on "W. bank of Maurice r., 10 m. from its mouth and 01 m. S, J \V. Trcntmi. Maukius, p. T.. Vigo CO., Ind. : near a fork of Furman's cr.,Tl m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Maltey county, Ttiui. Situate W. centrally, and contains 49S sq. m. Drained by Duck r. and it5 branches. Surface diversified ; soil very fertile, adapted equatly to grass or grain. Corn is the great staple, and the crop very large- Cotton is a heavy product ; and wheat and the other grains and tobacco all succeed welL The pastures are fine, and feed great numbers of cattle and sheep. Pork is a very heavy export. It has extensive and flourishing manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, liquors, leather, flour, iron-ware, etc. Farms 1.501; inanuf. 112; dwell. 2MI, and pop.— wh. 16,7G0, fr. eol. 90, si. 12,6T0— total 20,520. Capital: Columbia. Puhlic Works: Nashville and Alabama II. K. Mavais, p. v., Osage co.. Mo,: on W. bank of Mavais cr., a tributary of Osage r., 23 m. 8. by E. Jefferson City. Maxey. p. v., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 47 ni. N. Milledgeville, on the Athens Branch of Georgia E. K., 13 m, from Union Point station. Maxfleld, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., 3fe. : S7 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis river and Sebois stream. Surface rolling; soil fertile; well adapted to grain. The v. is pleasantly situate on N. side of Piscataquis r. Water- power is good and is used by several saw-mills. Population of the t. 1S6. Maxwell, p. c, Delaware co., Ok io : 21 m. N. Columbus. Mat, p. 0., Lancaster county, Penii. : 39 m. E. by S. Earrisburg. Matbekry, p. 0., Lewis county. Mo. : 105 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Maybixtos, p. v., Newberry dist, S, Car. : on a small cr. which flows into the Congaree r., 39 ra. N. W. Colutnbia. Mayfceld, p. o., "Warren county. Ga. : on the E. side of Ogeechee r., 89 m. N. E. Milledgeville. Mavfield, p. v., and cap. Graves co., A'y. ; on a branch of Mayflekl r., 229 m. 9. W. Frankfort. It contains a cnurt- house, jail, several stores and dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Mayfleld, p. o., Jackson county, Tenn,: 61 m. N. N. E. Nashville. Mavfiixd, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 83 ra. N. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Sacondaga r. Surface mounlainnus; soil sandy and clay loam, well adapted to grain. The Mayfield ridge crosses the N. part. The v. of Mayfleld is situate centrally, and contains about 30 dwell- ings. The t*^wn lias several considerable and important manufactures. Pop. 2,429. Mayfif.ld. t. and p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 139 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Chagrine r. and some small creeks which empty into Lake Erie. Surface level; soil fertile. Pop. of t. 1,117. Mayfikld, p. 0., Isle of Wight co., Virg. : 5T m. S. E. EichmouJ. May Flowed, p. o., Otsego co., N". Y. .* 68 m. W. Albany. May Hill, p. o,, Lee co., ///. ; 133 m. N. SpriiigticM. Mayo, x*. v., Halifax county, Virg.: on the Halifax and Boyilton post-road, 93 m. S. W. Richmond. Mayoning, p. o., Patrick county, IV/'j/. ■ 15' m. S.W. by W. FLichmonital: Brandenburg. Meadeeville, p. 0., Macon co., Tenn.: 47 m. N. E. Nashville. Meadow Bluff, p. o., Greenbrier co., Yirg, : on "W. bank of Meadow r., 179 m. W, by N. Kichmond. Meadow Branch, p. o., Jackson county, Ohio: 61 m. S. by E. Columbus. Meadow Creek, p. c. Orange co., K. Ojt. : 85 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Meadow Creek, p. c. Wbitley co., Xt/. : 97 m. S. by E. Frank Ibrt. Meadow Dale, p. o., Highland co., Virg, : 119 m. N. "W. Eiehmond, Meadow Farm, p. c, Muskingum co., Ohio: 53 m. E. Columbus. Mead's Bason, p. v., Passaic co., IT". Jer. : on the Morris and Essex Canal, 57 ra. S. by "W. Trenton. Mi!AD'sCoRNER8, p. 0., Crawford CO., Penn.; 191 m.N.W. Harrisburg. Mead's Mill, p. 0.,'^rajTae co., ^Hch. : 65 m. S. E. Lansing. "Meadsville, p. 0., Jackson county, ^^a. .* 155 miles N. Montgomery. Meadvilli:, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Mi^s. : on Mor- gan's Fork, a branch of Ilomochiilo r., 69 m, S. "W. Jackson. The court-house is situate in this village. Meadtille. p. v.. and cap. Crawford co., Perm. : on the E. side of French cr., 93 m. N. W. by "W. Harrisburg. It is very pleasantly located on an elevation rising gradually from Uie r. In the centre is a fine square, on one side of which is the court-house, buiJt of brick and cut stone, and orna- mented with a fine cupola. It contains a number of churches, an academy, and a Slate arsenal, and is tlie scat of the Alle- ghany College, founded in 1S17, having (in ISoO) apresident, 4 professors, 114 alumni, and 106 students, with a library containing 8,200 volumes. The "Western Theological School, also situated here (commenced in 1S44), has 4 professors and 40 students. The lil)rary contains 8,000 volumes. Moadville is also a manufacturing place. It has several furnaces, tanneries, distilleries, mills, etc., and here are pub- lished four newspapers, the "Crawford Democrat" (dem.), the '-M. Gazette" (whig), the "Pennsylvania Scnlinel" (dem.), and the •' Whig Journal" (whig), all issued weekly. Pop, 2,.'i"S, Mradville, p. o., Halifax county, Virg.: 105 ra. 8. "W. Richmond. Meadwat. p. o., Biu-ke county, Ga.: 75 m. W. by 8. Milledgcville. Meansville, p. 0., ITnion dist, S. Car. : 67 ra. W. N. W. ■ Columbia, MKrrA, t. and p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio: 149 ra. N. E. Columlnis. Draim-d by the Musqnito r. nnd ita branches, a tributary of the Ohio r. Surface undulating; soil ftrtile, and adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 873. 463 Mechanicsbiteg, p. T., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E- Harrisburg. Mechamcsbtjro, p. v., Sangamon CO., 7M. ; 13 m. E, byN. Springfield, on a fertile prairie, 4 m. "W. Sangamon r. MEcnANicsBUKG, p. V., Champaign co., Ohio: on Little Darby cr., 33 m. W. Columbus. It contains several mills, mechanic shops, efc., and 6S2 inhabitants. Mecuanicsuueq, p. o., Henry county, Iiul. : 89 m. N. E. Indianapolis. MEcnANicsBiniG, p. b., Cumberland co., Penn. : 12 ra. W. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley K. R. passes through it, 10 m. from Carlisle. It contains a nmnber of disiilleries, flouring-mills, saw-mills, etc., and about SUO inhabitants. MBcnANicsBcrsG, p. 0., Macon co., Mo.: 91 m. N. N. "W. JeffL-raon City. MECHANicBEtmo, p. T., Van Buren co., la. : in a beautiful and well-cultivated district, lOS m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Mechanics BURG, p. v., Giles co., Virg. : on a branch of New r., near Walker's mln., 199 m. W. by 8. Eiehmond. Mecuanig's Falls, p. v., Cumberland co., J/e. .• on the Androscoggin r., 34 m. S. W. Augusta. The Buckfleld Branch E. K. here diverges from the Atlantic and St. Law- rence li. K.,36 m. from Portland. The water-power is her« immense. Mechanic's Grove, p. o., Lancaster co., Peniu ; 35 m. 8. E. Harrisburg. Mechanicstown, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : 65 m. N. W. Annapolis. Mbcjianicstown, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: 113 m. E. N. E, Colurabus. Mechanics ville. p. v., Jasper co., Go. .* about 1} m. E, Ocmulgee r., and 43 m. N. W. by W. Milled gevillc. Mechanics ville, v. and sta., Westchester co., y. Y. : on the line of tho Hariem R. K., 45 m. from City Hall of New York City. Mechanicsttlle, p. v., Saratoga co., JVT T. : on the W. bank of the Hudson r., 17 m. N. Albany, and at the mouth of Anthony's Kill, tiie outlet to Round Lake. There ara several mills of different kinds, a number of factories and workshops, and a match factory here. The Charaplain Canal and Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R, pass through tho v., 11 m. N. Troy. Mechanicsville, p. 0., Cannon co., Tenn. : 45 m. E. S. K Nashville. MEcnANicsTTLLE, p. V., Sumtcr dist, S. Car.: on tho Sumterville post-road, 41 m. E. by N. Columbia. Mechanics VILLE, p. o., Rutland co.. Verm. : 49 m. 8. W. Montpelier. Mechanicsville, p. T., Bucks CO., 7V?in. ; 95 ro. E. Har- risburg. This place was formerly called Newark. Mechanics VILLE, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4G ra. N. W. Richmond. Mecuum's RrvER, p, o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 107 m. W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here crossed by thO Virginia Central R. R., 10 m. W. Chariotterille. MECKLENBrRG couuty, X. Car. Situate S. W., and con- tains r)7S sq. m. Bounded W. by the Cat^iwba. and draiin^d by its branches, M'Alpin's. Great and Little Sugar, David- son's, and other creeks. Surface moderately uneven, and soil vej^' fertile. Cotton is the staple. Corn and wheat are very fine crops, and the grazing is excellent; live-stock, wool, and pork are exported. Fine mill-seats are atumd- ant, and it has large flouring-mills and distilleries. Several rich gold-mines are in this county. Davidson College, foundi'd 1S3S, is in the N. E. part of Mecklenburg, and has a pre**ident and 4 profe,tsors, and in 1S50 had 140 alumni, 60 students and a library of 5,000 volumes. Farms 1.0.%; manuf. 16; dwell. 1,632, and pop.— wh. S,2S4. fr. col. 153. el. 5,47il_lotal 13,914. Capital: Chariotto. PnhUc. Works: North Carolina Central E. R. ; Charlotte and South Carolina K. R., etc. Mecklenbitrg county, Virg. Situate E. on S. line, and MEC MEI conLiiDS 6S5 sq. m. Bounded N. by Meherrin river, and drained by branohcsof the Roanoke, which flows E. through the S. part. Surface nneven — in parts hilly ; soil generally fertile, with many tracts of pasture^'iand. Tobacco is the staple, and the production very large ; cotlon and wheat are ali^o excellent crops, and the number of sheep reared is larEce. It has good water-power, fine timber, and manu- factures flour, leather, iron castings, etc. Kandolph Macon College is in Mecklehburg. Farms 6GG: manuf. 25; dwell. 1.5110," and pop.— wh. T,556, fr. col. 91*2. si. 12,4(52— total 20,030. Capital : Boydton. Public Works : Koarioke Valley R. R. Mecklenrubg, p. v., Knox co., Tenn.: on the K.side of Itolston r., above the junction of French Broad r., 1G6 m. E. Nashville, and 12 ni- E. by S. from Knoxville. Mecklenbubg, p. v., Tompkins co., X Y. : on the Ithaca post-road, 159 m.W. Albany. There are a number of mills, factories, and workshops here, and about 400 inhabitants. Mecosta county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower Peninsula, and contains 7'20 sq. m. Maskcgon river flows S. "W. through the W. part, and has numerous branches ■which drain the co. In the N. are many ponds, among them Chippewa Lake, the source of Chippewa river, whose watrra flow into Lake Huron. The surface is elevated and rolling, with a fine growth of limber. It is unorganized. MEOAnv, p. 0., Putnam county, Ohio: lOG m. 2J. W. Columbus, Medfiei-d, t and p. v., Norfolk co., 3fas8. : 15 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Charles and Stop rivers. Siuface di- versified; soil fertile and well cultivated. There are in the town several mills and manufactories, among the latter of which there are some of straw goods, which are in a flour- . ishing condition. The v, contains several stores and work- shops, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of t. 9G6. Mrdfokp, t. and p. v., Mitldlesex co., Jfasi. : at the head of navigation, on the Mystic river, 5 m. N. by W. Boston. Brained by Mystic r. and its branches. Surface undulating ; soil good and well cultivated. Mcdford is a flourishing t., having a large number of manufactories of various kinds, producing Unseed oil. spirits, bricks, leather, plows, etc., together with a number of mills and workshops. Ship- building is carried on successfully to a large extent The Boston and Lowell R. K., as also the Middlesex Canal, pass through it, the latter 7 m. from Boston. The village, situate centrally, contains a number of stores and workshops. iWest Medford is the name of a station on the line of the SSi K., 21 miles from Lowell. Pop. of t. 3,749. Medford, p. v.. Burlington co., y. Jet\ : 23 m. S. Trenton. It contains a Friends' meeting-house, half a dozen stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Medina county, O/n'n. Sihiate N. E., and contains 416 sq. m. Brained by Rocky r., E. branch of Black r., and branches of Chippewa and Cuyahoga rivers. Surface roll- ing; soil of great fertility, equally ad.ipted to grass and grain. "Wheat and com are the leading cereals. The grazing lands are verj* fine — the dairies large, and wool and pork considerable exports. It has some water-power and nu- merous small manufactories. Farms 2.4G1; manuf. 77; dwell. 4.4:30. and pop.— wh. 24,411, fr. coU 30— total 24,441. Oipital : Medina. Medina count}'. T^. Situate S. "W., and contatns 1,214 sq. m. IViunded N. E. by Medina and San Antonio rivers, and drained by Hondo, Seco, and Beer creeks of the Rio Frio and any. Thtre are several mills and factories, together wilh a nuniljcr nf warehouses, stores, and workshops, and a furnace in Ibt village. The " Medina Citizen" (dem.) is issued iiere. Pop. .about SOO. Medina, t. p. v., and cap. Medina co., Ohio .• 97 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Rocky river and its branches. Sur- face undulating; soil fertile. The river affords good wal^-r- power. The v. is very pleasantly situate on an eminence iu S. "W. part of t, on the Cleveland post-road, and contains the court-house and usual number of public buildings.as als^ a number of stores, mills, and workshops, and l.OOS in- habitants. The " Democratic Whig"' (whig), and '' Medina Democrat" (F. S. D.) are issued here. Pop. of t. 2.010. Medon, p. v., Madison county, Tenn. : 120 m. W. S. W, Nashville. Medusa, p. o., Albany co., K Y. : 15 m. W. Albany. Med WAY, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., MS". Car.: 52 m. W. by S. Columbia. Meiieurw river, T7/v. ; rises in Charlotte co., and running E. through several counties, enters North Carolina, and unites with Nottoway r. to form the Chowan. Mehoopaxy, p. v., "Wyoming co., Peini. : on Mehoopany cr., near its confluence with the Susquehanna river, 96 m. N. N. E. IIarrisl)urg. Meigs county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains 403 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Le.iding cr., Shade r., and sm.aller affluents. Surface diversified— iu parts hilly. Soil fertile ; com and wheat are hirge crops, and thd staple cereals. Large numbers of sheep are raised, and much wwil exported. Large deposits of coal are found near the Ohio, which are wrought with much profit, and are demanding increased attention. It manufactures iron cast- inirs, machinery of various kinds, cordage, flour, and leather. Farm3l.l49; manuf. 57; dwell. 3,136, and pop.— wh. 17,!'24, fr. col. 47— total 1 7.971. Capital : Pomeroy. PuUic Work.'* : Cincinnali, Ilillsboro', and Parkersburg K. E.; Pomeroy Branch R. R. Meigs county. T''nn. Situate S. E., and contains 1S2 sq. m. Bounded W. by the Tennessee, and S. by the III- wassee. Surface broken, and soil mostly fertile^ Com is 459 MEI MEN the staple. "Wheat and oats thrive, and small patches of cotton Jiud tobacco may be seen. Pork is an export. Farms r)9S ; nuinuf. 1 ; dwell. S19, and pop.— wh. 4,-tS3, fr. col. 1, si. 895 — t-jtal 4,879. Copitiil: Decatur. Meigs Creek, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. E. by S. Gjlumbus. Meiorville, t, and p. v., Morg-an county, 0?do : OS in. E. by S. Columbus. Drained by Meigs cr. and its bvauch- e?, wbich flow into the Muskingum r. Surface uueveu ; soil fiTtilc. It has pood hydraulic po\rer. There are a number of mills and njanufactories in the t. The village contains several dwellings, stores, and workshops, ropulation of L 1,513. Meigsville, p. v., Jackson co,, Ten7i. : on the "W. side of Cumberland r.; 6G m. E. N. E. NashviUe. • Melexdez, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Flor. : 150 m.B. E. Tallahassee. Mjellenville, p. v., Columbia co., JV; K; on the line of the Hudson and Berkshire P.. E., 9 m. E. Hudson, 29 m. S. Albany. It contains several factories and mills. MzLi^>"vii.LE, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Flor.: on the S. shore of Lake Monroe, 196 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Mellvii.le, p. 0., Chattooga co., Ga.: 169 m. N. "W. MilledgeviUe. Melmore, p. v., Seneca co., OMo : on the N. side of Honey cr., a branch of Sandusky r., 72 m. N. by W. Columbus. Melon, p. o., Harrison county, Virg. : 203 m. N. "W. Iliflimond. Melpine, p. 0., Muscatine county, 7a. : 30 m. S. E. I<.>wa City. RiELROSE, p. o., Eocklngham co., Virg.: 114 m. V^, Hichmoiid. Melrose, p. v., Clark co., lU. : IDS m. E. S. E. Springfield. Melrose, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Mtiss. : 3 m. N. Boston; f*)rmi'rly the N. part of Maiden. Drained by the head of Mystic r. Surface uneven ; soil good. The v. is on the line of the Boston and Maine R. E., 5 m. from Bos- ton, from which point the Medford Branch R. R. diverges. It is a very desirable place of residence for merchants doing business in Boston. Pop. of t. 1,2G0. Melrose, p. o., Rush county, Ind, : 39 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Melrose, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tex. : ou the ^Id military road, 219 m. N. E. Austin City. Melton's, p. o., Navarro county, Tfer. ; 143 m. N. by E. Austin Ciiy. Mkltonsville, p. v., Marshall county, Ala.: 182 m. N. Montgomery. Meltonsville, p. v., Anson co., K. Car. : on Big Brown cr.. 102 ra. S. W. Raleigh. Melvin, p. o., Ballard county, Ky. : 243 m. "W. S. W. Frankfort. Melvin's Milis, sta., Merrimac co., 2^. Uajnp. : on Ihe line of the Concord and Clarcmont E. E., 23 m. W. from Concord. Melvin Tillage, p. o., Carroll eo., 2^. Ilavtp. : 39 m. N. E. Concord. Mfmi'ihs, p. v., Pickens co., Ala.: on the "W. side of Tombigbee r., 126 m. W. N. "W. Moutgomerj-. Memimhs, sta., Clark co., Ltd.: on the line of the Jeffer- sonville K. E., 15 m. N. Jefferson viUe, and 87 m. 8. by E. Indianapolis. I JIf.mpiiis, p. v.. and cap. Scotland co., Mb.: on North Fnbius r., 136 m. N. Jefferson City. pop. 13S. Memphis, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Tenn. : on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., beautifully situated on the fourth Chickasaw bluff, just below the mouth of "Wolf r., 191 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. This spot was formerly the site of Fort Assumption, used for the purpose of protecting the country against the Chiekasaws. The bluff on which it stands is thirty feet above the highest floods, and its base is washed by the river for a dislance of 3 m., while a bed of sandstone, the only known stratum of rocks below the Ohio, juts into 460 the stream, and forms a convenient landing. From the mouth of the Ohio to Vicksburg, 050 m., it is the only site fbr a commercial mart on either side of the MisaissippL Some distance from t^ brow of the bluff, a handsome range of fine buildings extends for eevural squares. Every day gives atlditional e\idence of the increasing prosperity of this already prosperous city ; and although the commerce is great, yet the citizens do not -intend to rely on that alone. Manufactories will soon claim a pact in adding to her wealth. Preparations are making for building a boat yard on as extensive a scale as any in the west. The gentleman who opens the yard is said to be one of the most experienced boat builders in the Union. In addition to this, there is an extensive flour-mill just completed, capable of making 62,000 barrels of flour annually; also a large cotton manufactory, employing a large number of operatives. There is a flue, well laid out navy yard situate here, with facilities to build the largest size vessels, at which a commander and usual complement of officers are stationed. It bids fair t^e one of the finest navy yards in the United States. The public spirit is such in Memphis, that it mil soon be one of the finest cities in the West. The Memphis and Charleston E. E. is now partially in operation, and other public works ace in contemplation. There are a large number of fine dwellings, stores, workshops, etc. The " Inquirer," daily and weekly (dem.), " Eagle,'' daily and weekly (whig), "Ap- peal," weekly and semi-weekly (dem.), "Express," daily and weekly (dem.), "Christian Advocate," weekly (Meth.), " Tlie Southerner," weekly (Indepen.), and " Daily Dime," daily (neut.), are the names of the newspapers published here. Pop. 8,839. \ Memphis, p. o., St. C^air co., Mich : 95 m. E. Lansing. Me-Hphresiagog lake, Vet'-m. This lake lies on the N. boundary, and the greater part witiiin Canada. It is be- tween 30 and 40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 wide — but 7 or S miles only is within the United States. It covers about 15 sq. m. in Vermont, and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black rivers ; and its own waters are discharged through St. Francis r. into Lake St. Peter's, an expansion of St. Lawrence r. On an island 2 miles within the Canada lino is found a quarry of iiovaculate, known by the name of "Magog oil-stone," which is in high repute. Me^allen, t. and p. o., Adams eo., Penn. : 30 m. S. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Conewago cr. ami its brunches. Surface hilly, in some parts mounUiinons; soil fertile. Tho water-^ower is excellent. There are a large number of mills, some manufactories, and several stores in the t Benders- ville and Middlelown are names of villages. Pop. of t. 2,623. Menan islands, Jfe. Petit or Little Menon lies off the harbor of Steuben in the Atlantic, 8 m. S. S. E. Goulds- borough Harbor; and Grand Menan, a large island, lies off Passamaquoddy bay, and is within the British lines. There is a light-house on Petit Menan. {See Ligutuol'ses of tue United States). Menard county, lU. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 307 sq. m. Drained by Sangamon r. and Salt cr. Surface undulating; soil hirgely prairie, a deep rich loam mixed with sami, and exceedingly fertile. Timber is found pleuli- fully in groves, and near the rivers. A superior funning co., raising heavy crops of com, wheat, oals, and potatoes, and exportii|g live-stock, wool, and pork. It has good mill streams, and considerable manufacluPes. Farms 70G ; manuf. 3S; dwell. 1,035, and pop.— wh. 6,323, fr. col. 21— toUil G.349. Capital: Petersburg. Menasua, p. v., Winnebago co., WiJtc. : on the N. shore of Winnebago Lake, 9G m. N. N. E. Madison. The U. S. land oflice for the Menasha district is at this village. Mendiiam. t. and p. v., Morris county, N. Jer. : 37 m. N. Trenton. Drained by Indian r. and the bead waters of Whippany r. Surface hilly, in the N. mountainous; soil fertile. There arc in the t several mills and manufactories, und a number of stores and workshops. The v. is situate on the Morristown postrroad, and contains a number of MEN MER dT\"eIIiDgrs and stores and several workshops. Population of IheL 1J20. Mendocino county, Clc. It has excellent water-power. There are several mills and manu- factories of diEFeront kinds in the t,, and a large quantity of cotton and woolen is manufactured. First settled about 1G47; incorporated, 1G67. The v. is situate on an elevation on E. side of Mill r., in S. E. part of t., and contains some fine houses, a number of stores, and several worltshops. Pop. of t. 1,3U1. Mendon, p. o., Lenawee county, Mich. : 65 m. S. by E. Lansing. Mendon, t. and p. v., Monroe co., If. Y.: 197 ra. W. by N. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Genesee r. Surface gently undulating ; soil fertile. There nre several mills and manufactories, besides stores, and a number of workshops in the t The v. is situate on Irondequoit cr. Was incorpo- rated in 1S33, and contains several dwellings, some stores, and workshops. North Mendon and West Mendon are also nanus of villages. Pop. of t. 3,353. BIbndon, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 103 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Mendon, t and p. o., Pntland co., Verm. : 44 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Ottf r cr. ; surface varied ; in the W. hilly, in the E. mnuntainons. Soil in the mountains good, but too far up for cultivation. Pop. of the L504. Mendota (or St. Peter's), v., Dacotab co., Minut Ter. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi, S. of the confluence of Minnesota r., 5 m. W. by N. St Paul. It has been occu- pied by the American Eur Company for several years as a depQt for their trading establishments among the Indians of the north-west. Two stores and a few houses constitute the Ullage. It is, however, a fine town site, and being situate at the junction of two great rivers, and near the head of steam navigation, its importance in a commercial point of view has not been ovcrlooketl. It is within the military reservation, and whites are not allowed to reside here with- out pprraission of the IT. 8. government. Pop. 122. Menelos. p. o., Madison co., St/.: S. E. Frankfort. Menomonee river, Mich. : rises in the country S. of Lake Superior, ami runs E. by S. about 100 m., and falls into Green Day. It forms the S. boundary of the upper peninsula, separating it from Minnesota. Menomonee Falls, p. o., Waukesha co., Wi^c. : 63 m. E. Madison. Mentbr, p. v., Sheboygan oo., Wise. : on a branch of Onion r., 87 m. N. E. by E. Madison. MiiNTon, t. and p. v.. Lake co., Ohio: 141 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Lake Erie makes its N. boundarj'. Drained by a stream flowing into the lake. Surface undulating; soil good, adapted to grain. There are some mills and manufactories in the t The v. is on the line of the Cleve- land and Eric R. U.. 23 m. N. E. Cleveland, and contains a number of stores and workshops. Pop. of t 1,571. , Mequon Eiver, p. o., Washington co., Wise. : on the W. side of Milwaukie r., S. of the confluence of Mequon r., 74 m. E. bv N. Madison, Mekata, p. 0., Jeflferson co., Penn.: 12Sm. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. MKurER county, HI. Situate N.W., and contains 549 sq. m. Drained by Edward's, Pope's, and IIenmi Bridge, sta., Belknap co., y. ITamp. : on the line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E., 44 m, from Concord, MEEEDrrii Centre, p, o., Belknap CO., y. /Tamp. : 25 ni. Warren, and 27 m. N. Concord. Meredith JUiiis, p. c, Fulton county, /«*rf; Concord, PiMic Woks: Portsmouth and Concord E. E. ; Contoocook Valley E. E. : Concord E, E. ; Concord and Claremont R. E. ; Coneofc and Montreal E. E,; Northern E, E. ; New Hampshire Central E. E. Merrimac river, .V, IIamp.m<\ Mafs.: one of the largest rivers of New England, It is formed by the union of Pcm- egewasset r., which rises near the Notch of the White Mount- ains, with Winnipiseogee r., which proceeds from the lake so called. The junction lakes place at Sanhornton. 70 miles below tlie source of the former, which is the m.aiii sireara. lis general course is S. by E. until it enters the Slate of Mas- sachusetts, when it curves to a general course of nearly N, E. and E., until it falls into the Atlantic, a litlle bel.iw Newburyport. \t is navigable for vessels of 200 Ions to Haverhill, and by nieiins of the Mid.llesex Canal from Chelmsford to Boston harbor, and canals and locks nroiuid the Falls, a boat navigation is opened to Concord, New Hampshire. Bow Canal, a few nules below Concord, com- pleted in Kn. cost $20,1100; six miles farther down, Hooksev Canal cost .Jlo.OOO, overcoming a fall of 17 feel : Amoskeag Canal cut $.50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet; below Amoskeag Canal the r„ for 9 m., is converted into the I'nlon Canal, overcoming six distinct -falls ; and 6 m. below arc Cromwell's Falls, made pa.ssable by a canal. Union Can^l, including that of Cromwell's, cost $50,000; 15 m. below, in Mas,S!ichuselLs, is Wecassee Canal, cost $14,000; and s'm. MER MIA below is the entrance of the Middlesex Canal. The r., by mqgns of these canals, furnishes an incredible amount of water-power, which has resulted in the establishment of the principal manufacturing towns of the Union along its course. It is bridged in almost every town along its banks. Mecrlman's Shop, p. o., Prince Edward co., Virg. : 59 m. S. W. Kichmoncl. MEnr.iTT's Bkidge, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Ctir. Mkkrittstow.v, p. v., Fayette co., Peiui. : on "VV. side of Dunlap's cr., 156 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It contains a number of dwellings, stores, and a few workshops. Mekkittsville, p. v., Greenville dist., X Car.: on the K. f trie of Saluda r., loG m. N. W. Columbia. MEiiRurETiiEU county, Gn. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 476 sq. m. Bounded E. by Flint r., and drained by its branches, and W. by branches of the Chattahoochee. Sur- face pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and comraands almost exclusive attention. Com ami wheat jield more than average crops, ami neat cattle and swine are reared in large numbers. In the S. are white sulphur and warm springs. Farms 824; nianuf. 0; dweU. 1,423, and pop.— wh. S,4S1, fr. coL 2, si. 7,J)93— total 16,476. Capital: Greenvilla Meehyall, p. 0., Bradford county, PeJin.: 113 m. N. Harrisburg. Merey Hill, p. v., Bertie co., iV'. Car. : 1U3 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Mei:et MEirn>'a bay, ii'I Ilamp. ; a S. E. branch of Win- nipiseogee Lake, 1,000 rods long. Merry Meeting bay. Me. : an expansion of Kennebec r., at the confluence of Androscoggin r., above Bath. Mebey MouiJT, p. 0., 'Warren co., N. Car. ; 53 m. N. N. E. Ealeigh. Mebuy Oaks, p. v., Barren county, Ky. : 102 m. S. W. Frankfurt. Mi;i:ry Oaks, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn.: 114 m. S. W. Nashville. Meesuon's Cross Eoaps, p. o., Laurel county, Ey. : 73 m. S. S. E. Franklbrt. Meeton, t and p. v., "Waukesha co., Wim. : 52 m. E. by N. Madison. Drained by several streams, aud contains several small lakes. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Thf^ v. is connected with Milwaukie by a plank-road. Pop. oft 1,763. Meewinsburg, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 97 m. K. E. Harrisburg. MisopoTAiitA, L and p. v., Trumbull co., OJdo: 143 m. N.E.Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and several afflu- ents Surface undulating; soil fertile. There are in the t a number of mills and workshops. Pop. 959. Messina. Springs, p. c, Onondaga co., N. Y.: 129 m. W. by N. Albany. Messongo, p. 0., Accomac co., Yirg. : 104 m. E. by N. Richmond. * Metamoea. p. v., "Woodford co., III.: 69 m. N. by E. SpringfiL-M. The v. is on the bonier of fine prairie land. Metamoea, p. o.. Franklin co., hid. : on the N, side of "White Water r., 53 m. E. 8. E. Indianapolis. Metamoea, t. and p. o,, Lapeer co.. Midi. : 67 m. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by furks of Flint r.. which have their sources in this L Surface undulating; soil fertile. It con- tains a few stores and mills. Pop, of t. *^21. Mztamora, p. v., Fulton co., 01m> : on S. side Ottowa r., 1i9m. N. N. W. Columbus. Metamoea, p. o., Pike county, Penn.: 113 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Metea, p. v., Cass co., huh : 79 m. N. Indianapolis. Metelie'occk, p. v.. Ocean co., N. Jer. : on the S. side, and near the mouth of Metedecouck r., 33 m. S. by E. Trenton. Metucen, t and p. v., Essoi co., Mas/^. : on the N. bank of the Mcrriuiac r., which forms its S. boundary, 25 m. N. i W. Boston. Drained by Spigot r., which has a water- lall of from 30 to 85 feet, affording excellent hydraulic jtower. Surface uneven; soil fertile, yielding abundantly. There are a number of mills and manulactories in the L Wood is to be found here in abuntiance. There is also an extensive bed of excellent peat. The v. is romantically sit- uated on an eminence ou both sides of Spigot r., at the falls, aud on the line of the Manchester and Lawrence E. E.,24 m. Manchester, and contains a number of st*>ivs, several mills and manufactories, aud sonie workshops. Pop. of t. 2,54;). Metomen, t. and p. o., Fond du Lac co., HV.sr. ; 52 lu, N. by 1'^. Madiaon. Drained by tributaries of Wisct-'Usiii r Pop. 756. Metompein, p. o. and isle, Accomac co., Vii-g. : on the Atlantic coast, 107 m. E. by N. Eiehniond, Metropolis City, p. v., aud cap. Massac co., IH.: on a high bank on the N. side ol the Ohio r., 194 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains the coiurt-house and usual number of public buildiuas, and 427 inhabitants. The '* Metropol- itan"' (dem.), and " Metropolis Register" (wliig), are weekly issues. Mets, p. o., Steuben county, Ind. : 143 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Metucuen, p. v., Middlesex co.. y. J- r. : on the line of the New York and Philadelphia E. E., 26 m. Jersey City, and 30 ra. N. E. Trenton. Mexico, p. v., Miami CO., In- fine, wool is sheared largely, and beef and pork are heavy exports. Water-power is plenty, and flour, leather, wool- ens, earthen-ware, and liquors are manufactured. Farms 1,S,S2; manuf. 177; dwell. 4,391, and pop.— wh. ^4.393, fr. col. 598— tolal 24.996. CopiU/l: Troy. PuhlUi Works: Miami Canal; Columbus, Trbana, and Fiqua E. E. Miami, p. v., and cap. Dade co., J'lor. : on Key Biscayne Bay, 429 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Here is a flourishing v., with ample accommodation for invalids, and a climate un- surpassed for equable temperature and elasticity of the atmosphere. MiA-Mi, p. v.. Saline co.. Mo. : on the S. bank of the Mis- souri r., G3 m. N, V^. -Tefferson City. MiAiir, t. and p, o., Hamilton co., 07tio: on the N. bank of the Ohio r.. 103 m. S. W, Columbus. The t is bounded on the N. and "W. by the Miami r.. several small branches of which serve to drain it. Surface, a series of beautiful hills; soil very productive, and nnder high cultivation, with some excellent wood lands. There are some fine mill-sites on the banks of the rivers, and several manufactories have been established. North Bend and Cleves are names of places : the former is Ihe place originally laid out by Judge Symmes for the great ci^ of the West. All traces of a village have disappeared, and it ia now only noted as the former residence and grave of the lamented President Harrison, a short distance from which is also the grave of the lion. John Cleves Symmes. Tho latter is a beautiful and thriving village^ with about 800 inhabitants. The prop3led line of the St. Louia and Cincinnati E. R. crosses the S. part of the t Pop. l,.55r. Miami, p. v., Miami county, Ind. : on Deer cr., 5S m. N. Indianapolis. The contemplated line of the Peru and Ii> dianopolis R. K. passes through the village. Miami river, Ohio: a large tribuLiry of the Ohio r., which rises in IJardin county, and after a S. W. course of 100 m., enters the Ohio in the S. W. comer of the State. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth ; the current is very rapid, but jt ia navigable only to a limited extent for 75 m., and its waters are connected with those of the Auglaize, a S. branch of Mau- mee r, by a portage of only 6 miles. It receives many im- portant branches, and affords extensive and valuable water- power, which has been improved at several points. MiAMiSBirEG, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami. Canal, 53 m. N. Cincinnati, and on E. side of the Miami river, Tl m. W. by S. C-olumbus. The v. communicates with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. E. by a bridge across the river, 24 m. N. by E. from Hamilton. It contains a number of fine stores and warehouses, some mills and factories, and about 160 dwellings. MiAMisviLLE, p. 0. and sta., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Une of the Little Miami E. E., 17 m. from Cincinnati, and SI m. S. "W. Cohimbus. MiAjiUS, p. o., Fairfield co., Ctmn. .* 45 m. S.W. Hartford. MiCANOPT, p. 0., Alachua co., Flor.* 119 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee, MiccostTKEE, p. T., Leon co., Flor. : on the W. border of Miccosukee Lake, 19 m. N. E. Tallahasse. Michaels viLi£. p. o., Harford co., Md. : 46 m. N. by E. Annapolis. THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. MicraGAN^, consisting of two peninsulas, lies between latitudes 41° 45' and 4S^ N., and between longitudes 82° 25' and 90O S4' W. from Greeiiwieh, or 5^ 23' and 13^ 32' from "Washington. It is bounded* north, nortli-east, and east by Canada, from which it is separated by Lake Superior, the Sault St Marie, Lake Huron, the Strait and Lake St. Clair, De- troit Strait, and Lake Erie ; on the south by the States of Ohio and Indiana ; and on the west by Lake Michigan, which divides it from Illinois and Wisconsin, and the Monomonie and Montreal rivers, separating it from Minnesota Territory. The total land surface comprises an area of 56,243 square miles, and the area of the waters within the constitutional limits of the State is computed at 86,324 square miles. The lake coast of Michigan is more than 1,400 miles long. The location of the separate peninsulas determines their nomenclatiure. The Soiith^m, or Michigan Proper, is bounded on the south by Indiana and Ohio ; on the east by Lake Erie, Detroit Strait, the Lake and Strait St. Clair, and Lake Huron ; on the north by the Strait of Miohillmackinac, and on the west by Lake Michigan. In these limits are comprised nearly two-thirds the land surface of the State. The Korthem Peninsula extends frura the Montreal and Monomonia rivers to the St. Marie River, and has Lake Superior on the north and Lake Huron on the south of it. The surface of the 2^ortkey^ Peninsula is much diversified by mountains, hills, valleys, and plains. The eastern portion, from the head of the peninsula to the " Pictured Eocks," is represented as undulating, rising gradually from lakes Michigan and Superior to the interior, where it terminates in a more elevated table-land, with a shore on the north sandy, and on the south calcareous rock. "Westward the countr\* becomes broken into hills, with intervening plains, until it is interrupted by tlie Porcupine Mountains, which form the dividing ridge separating the waters of Lake Superior from those of Lake Michigan. The highest peaks toward the western boundar}' have been estimated at from 1,S00 to 2.000 feet high. The ridge is often broken through by the larger streams, bordered by extensive valleys. The spurs of these mountains project in different directions, often exhibiting their denuded cliffs upon the northern shores. This ridge has a greater proximity to the northern coast, which it lines with rock, from the Pictured Eocks to the western extremitj- of this penin- sula, except where inl»irrupted by occasional plains of sand. The structure of a part of the northern and eastern portion is of the primitive, and the southern of the secondary formation. Many parts exhibit little else than "developments of sublime scenery, and some portions appear like a dreary, descrt'^d sohtude, surrounded by all the frightful terrors incident * The bouniljiries of Michi^n, fw defined by an Act of Congress, pnsaeJ l.=>t]i Jane, 183fi, are as follows ; " Beginning at tlie point wliere a line ilmwn direct from tlie soutliern extremity of Lake Michigan to the raoit northerly cape (called Nortli Cape) of Maumee (Miami) Ray, intersecta the eaeleru Ijoundary line of tlie State of Indiana, and running tbenre with the sai J line to the said most northerly cape of the Maumee Bay,— and thence from the eaid north cape of tlie said Bay, north-east to the boundary line hetween the United States and the province of Upper Canada in Lake Erie.— ihf nee, with the siud boundary line between the United Slates and Canada, thmugh the Detroit Hirer, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior, to a point where the naid lino last touches Lake Superior" (being the mouth of Tigeon River),—" thence, in a direct line through Lake Superior, to the momli of (lie MontrealRiver,— thence, through the middle of th'finain channel of the said River .Montreal, to the middle of the Lake of the Desert, — tbenre, in adirert Kne to Ihenearest head water of Uie Mooomonie River,— thence, through the middle of that fork of the eaid river firjt touched by the said tine, to the main cliannel of the said Monomonie River. — thence, down the centre of the jnain channel of the same, to the centre of tho moat usual ship channel of llie Green Bay of Lake Michigan,— thence, through llie centre of the most usual ahip channel of the said bay, to tha middle of Lake Mifhig;in,— thence, through tlie middle of Lake Michigan, to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that hne was vnt^ihliehed by the Act nf Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hundred and sixteen.— thence, due east, with the north boundary line oftks said Stale cf Indiana, to the n(#th-east corner thereof,— and thence south, with tlie east boundary line ofludiana, to the place of beginning." 4&4 MICHIGAN. to such northern latitudes. The in'fater portion of the peninsula, (he sand phiins exc^^pted, is covered with immense forests, principally of whito and yellow pine, a portion of spruce, hemlock, birch, oalc, and aspen, with a mixture of maple, ash, aiid elm, especially upon the rivers. C tii'^ pine lands, there are millions nf acres stretching between the Sault St. Marie, the Ontonagon, and Montreal riv--rs. To convert this material ioto lumber, there are discharging into the lakes forty large and sixty smaller streams, ^'t'lc'i "^'"H furnish a hydraulic j>ower sufficient for all purposes. These streams, the largest of which does not exceed 1^' mil«?9i irrigate the country abundantly, and by their facilities for navigation, furnish easy access to the interior. The -^ead branches of the opposite lake-streams oaen interlock, and when they do not com- munioale, furnish an easy po^*''?^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^'^ other, by which navigation between the lakes is easily etTtcled with the lighter craft. The^*^'^ coast of this section of the State has been estimated at between seven hundr^Hl and ei"ht hund'red miles in ler^th,and that flve-seveaths of the entire peninsula may be reached by the common lake vessels. This peninsula (the northern part of which has sometimes been called the Sibena of Michigan), it is probable will never be noted for its agric^'^"'"'^' productions, or immediately for the density of its population. With the exception of the fertile intervals on ^^ rivers, the soil of the northern portion has all the evidences of sterility, as is exhibited in its mountains and b^ren sand plains. The southern part is more congenial in chmate and soil. This is the limestone region, which pttends to an undetermined Une, separating the primary and secondary formations. Throughout this re<'ion the sn^"* maple tree is abundant, interspersed with the white and red oak, the beech, and occasionally tracts of spruce and "'her forest trees. It is here that the more even and fertile tracts of land are found, and where, at some future day, will luster the agricultural population of the peninsula. The soil is admirably titled for grasses and all esculent roots ; *^^ potato also finds here a congenial locality, and the ordinary garden vegetables grow luxiu-ianlly. Wheat and oiher-'^ni^l grains may be cultivated, but for corn the country and climate appears to be uncongenial. The lake fisheries, on '■oth sides of the peninsula, are destined to be of no mean importance to the welfare of the settlers. In variety numer- o»s, and in the greatest abundance, the fisheries in these waters have long attracted the attention of those counting the resources of the section. The Indians formerly derived a considerable portion of their subsistence from this source, and /'from the first settlements of the French to the present day their value has always been asserted. But this peninsula is a,lso the great mineral region— not only of the State, but of the Union, and on that interest will its future prosperity mainly depend. Iron* and copper are fonud in all the wc'stern and northern parts, from the Pictured Koeks and the Kewcnaw Point to the Montreal liiver. the iron being chiefly a magnetic ore, equal in purity and quality to that of Missouri, and the copper, often in native boulders, more plentiful than elsewhere occurring. The pro<.luclion of these minerals, however, has hitherto been small, on account of the distance and inaccessible nature of the country ; but the lime has now arrived for the mines to be opened on an extensive scale, and such, indeed, has in a partial liegree been accomplished ; yet, until the difficulties opposing navigation to Lake Superior be overcome, the expense of transportation will be too great to admit of a full development of the wealth of this region. It has been proposed to form this peninsida Into the State of North Michigan, and thus separate it from Michigan Proper politically, as it now is physically separate. There are many reasons that would indicate the necessity of such a change. The Southern Peninsula has generally a level or rolling surface, and in some parts is broken and hilly. The eastern portion, for a distance varying from 5 to 25 miles from the shore, is almost a dead level ; but westward the land rises into an irrcj;ular ridge, in some parts of which it attains a height of from COO to 700 feet above the sea level. This ridge has a much preater proximity to the eastern than to the western margin, and serves to separate the tributaries discharging into Lake Michigan from those flowing into Huron, the Strait, and Erie. The portion of the southern part of the State denom- inated hilly, branches off from the principal ridge in different directions through the adjoining counties. The hills con- sist of an irregular assemblage of somewhat conical elevations, occasionally attaining a height of from 150 to 200 feet, but ordinarily of not more than from 30 to 40 feet. From the main portion of the table land passing westward to Lake Michigan, the country, with the exceptions noted, assumes a very gradual descent, exhibiting a gently undulating but very rarely broken surface. The ridge of land before spoken of, again takes its rise near the mouth of Au Sable river, and is seen from the lake to stretch on for many miles along and beyond the coast This constitutes the Highlands of Au Sable. Its height has not been ascertained, but it has hitherto been estimated to be much the highest part of the peninsula, A consir'.eral)le portion of it has generally been unfavorably represented, as being interspersed with sand ridges and marshes, having an abrupt descent from the highlands eastward, and a gradual slope toward the west. Taking the great extent of the lower peninsula into consideration, it may, in a comparative point of view, be said to possess a great evenness of surface, with a sufficient declivity, however, to allow its wafers to drain off in lively and healthy streams. Such are the general features of the interior. The coasts form an exception. The coast of both Michigan and Huron is sometimes exhibited in high, steep banks. The coast of the former is frequently seen in bluffs and banks (»f sand, varjing in height from 100 to 300 feet. To the traveler, the country presents an appearance eminently picturesque and delightful. Through a considerable portion the surface is so even and free fmm brush, as to admit of carriages being driven through it, with the same facility as over the prairie or common road. The lowering forest and grove, the luxuriant prairie, the crystal lake and limpid rivulet, are so frequently and happily blended t^igether, especially in the southern section of the peninsula, as * Tlie ITnitetJ -"■"tates Genlogrsts thus spenk of the iron nf tlie Lake Snperior Lund District in the N'orthern Peninsula "f Uitlngftn, in their report for 1R51. In desi^nnling tlie l.-inil0 cnntnining iron "■ * * * i\,q beih nre found on a scale of such magnitude, .ind the ore is of tudi purity, thut it requires little eeart-h to discover lliem, and little caution in pronouncing on their value. This iron region i", perhaps, the most v.iluable and oxtenoivf in tlie world, tor the manufacturing of the finer varieties of wrought iron and steel. When we consider the immense extent of the district, Hie mountain masses of ore, its purity and adaptation to the raamifacture of the most valuable kinds ol iron, and Uie immerwe forests which cover tlie surface, suiUible for charcoal, this district m-iy be pronounced unrivaled. * * • * The iron occurs in n m»?tamorphtc formation, bounded hy two grinile belts, one on the north, and the other on the south, and it is prolonged westerly beyond the Machiganifr River. This formation consists of hornblende, talrose, and chlorite slates, with a-^sociiited beds of hornblende and feMspar rocks, evidently trappean in their origin, 'the ore consi-tts mainly of the specular or peroxide of iron, with an admixture of the fine grained magnetic. In some instances, the whole ridge or knob appears toeotuuto/ one jnasi of pure art— so pure tliat no selection is required, but an unlimited quantity mi;;ht be quarried, or picked up in loose blxclcs Rfound the slopes. In others the ore is mixed with seams of quartz or jasper which renders it less valuable, and requires more care in the eele'ing from 1 to 150 feeL The upper sandstone ^ecupies the central and more elevated portions of the peninsula, and discxivers itself orten imjiediately under the surfae. of the soil. Its thickness and general inclination are uncertain. Quarries of this stone have been i3t)ened in numerous i»calilies on and south of Grand Kiver. It generally admits of being easily quarried, furnishing a good buiUing material, ani-is frequently used for grindstones. The stratum underlying the sandstone is a gray-colored limestone. It has been tracei from the rapids of the Maumee, in Ohio, to Charily Islands of Saginaw Bay, and b.T3 been noticed at the river Itaisin, t^ be^ of which it forms at several places, at Stony Point,*and other points along the coast of Lake Erie, and in numeroio other places. Associated with this rock is found calcareous spar, stronlian, barytes, g>'psum, etc., varying with locality. The limestone of Michigan is for the most part of a subgranular structure, quite compact, and well adapted to agricultur.il pij. poses, and though at many points it is capable of producing a valuable lime upon burning, it is not unfrequenlly lo» silicious to answer that purpose. Below the gray limestone formation the graywacke, or lower sandstone, stratum is sup. posed to exist This is noticed on the Lake Huron shore, on the SI. Mary's Strait, at the Pictured Rocks, and at various other points in the upper peninsula. Gypsum is found in several places ; and in all those localities where the superior stratum, or carboniferous limestone formation exists, there arc indications of the existence of bituminous coal. Marl is abundant; it is composed of deposits of recent shells, and when submitted to Ihe process of calcination, it has been found to produce lime of a superior quality. It is hkewise an excellent manure for lands when judiciously applied. Deposito of marly clay are quite common. A fine bed occurs in the county of Macomb, near the middle branch of Clinton P,iver, and it exists also near Ann Arbor, where potter}' is manufactured from it with success. The sand comprising the downs that border Lake Michigan shore is said to be of a quality in some instances fitted for the manufacture of glass. The best bed of sand for this purpose, however, occurs near Monroe ; it is composed of small, snowy white, angular grains of pure quart2, which has proceeded ft-ora the disintegration of a silicious lime rock. In the upper peninsula the great mineral region lies in the primitive formation ; here are the most stupendous copper and iron deposits in the world, containing a sufficiency of minenal to supply the markets for many centuries. Of the iron mention has been made heretofore. The great copper region is principally confined to the Kewenaw peninsula. The extreme length of the deposit is about 135 milCs, and it has a width varying from 1 to 6 miles. The mineral, how- ever, does not exist in every portion of this region, for miles may inter\'ene and no trace be ascertained. In some of the river beds immense boulders of native copper are met with. These mines are now being actively wrought, and ara in general proving remunerating to the companies working them, but until the navigation of Lake Superior is opened to shipping, the expenses of transportation to market will prove a formidable obstacle to Ihe full development of the capaci- ties of the mines. Salt springs are also known to exist in different parts of the State. The saline district lies mostly north of a linedrawn froih Monroe to Grandville. Medicinal waters, mostly chalybeate, and sulphur springs, also occur in numerous localities, and are useful in cutaneous and chn)nic disorders generally. One near Havre is 35 feet deep and 150 feet in circum/erence, and produces a volume of water sufficient to propel a run of stones. The rivers of Michigan are in general comparatively smaller but more numerous, having in the lower peninsula'a greater length from their mouths to where they head, than is commonly observed in most other sections of the Union. This latter circumstance may, perhaps, be attributed not only to the uniformity of descent, but to the more favorable struc- ture of Uie interior to furnish them constant supplies. The Detroit, St. Clair, and St, Mary's are more properly called straits and not rivers. They are Iranquil, deep, copious, and expansive streams, uniting tJie great lakes, the waters of which they conduct toward the ocean. The largest rivers of the lower peninsula are the Grand, Maskegon, St. Joseph, and Kalamazoo, which flow into Lake Michigan ; the Cheboygan and Thunder Bay rivers, that discharge into Lake Huron, and the Saginaw into Saginaw Bay. The streams flowing eastward are small, owing to the position of Ihe dividing ridge, which is considerably east of the middle of the peninsula; the largest are the liaisin, Huron, Clinton, and Kougc. The largest rivers of the upper peninsida are the Jlontreal, the Great Iron, the Ontonagon, the Huron, the St. John's, and the Chocolate, which put into Lake Superior; and the Menoinonie and Manistee, which flow, the former into Green Bay, and the latter into Lake Michigan. There arc several other considerable streams, though of a smaller grade, and these, with few exceptions, arc Uvely, pure, and healthy, supplying mill-power, and draining the fine agricultural lands through wbioii tlicy course. Michigan is encompassed by five Likcft, four of which are the largest collections of fresh water on the globe. Tlicsc aro Lake Superior, isake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Eric, which are connected by the Straits of Detroit, SU Clair, Michiliniackinae, and Su Mary. Of these immense Mediterranean waters. Lake Superior is by fur the largest. It lies directly north of the upper peninsula, and tiie greater part of its soulhern coast is bordered by it. Lakf MicMgnn is Ihe second in size. It is a long n.arrow lake, stretching a little norlli-eastw ardly between the lower peninsula ami the Slides of Wisconsin and Illinois. The northern part, together with Ihe alrails, separate the two peninsulas from each other. Lake I/uron is next in dimensions, and is situate on Ibe north-eastern border of Lower Michigan, separating it from Canada West. The shape of this lake is exiremely irregular; its principal indentations arc Saginaw Bay, which extends do-wn into the interior, and two others, one immediately north of Mauito islands, and the other south-east of them. The latter, sometimes called the Mauito Bay or Georgian Lake, is very large, estimated at one-fourth of Lake Huron. It empties through the Strait St. Clair, into St. Clair Lake, the smallest of the five bordering on Michigan, and Ibis again discharges itself through Detroit Strait into Lake Ki-ie. More than 30 ihiles of this latter borders Michigan, and opens to the State a free navigation to the principal ports along its coasls, Buffalo, Dunkirk, Eiie, Sandnsky, etc. Nor is this 466 -M ../ MICHIGAN. SUit*; mercly.surrounde(l by lakes, but the interior is interspersed witli tliem from one border to the other. The country indeed is literally maeuJated witli small laJlcs of every form and size, from an area of 1 to 1,000 acres, though, as a general rule, they do not perhaps average 500 acres in extent They are sometimes so frequent that several of tliem may toe seen from the same position. They are usually very deep, with gravelly bottoms, waters transparent, and of a oool temperature at all seasons. This latter fact is supposed to he in consequence of springs which furnish them constant ] Applies. Water fowl of various sorts inhabit their shores, and their depths are the domain of abundance of fish, trout, y bass, pike, pickerel, dace, perch, cat-flsh, sucker, bull-head, etc., which often grow to an extraordinary size. It is usual to find some creek or rivulet originating in these, but what is a singular fact, and not easily accounted for, many of these bodies of living water have no perceptible outlet, and yet are stored with fish. A lake of this description, with its rich stores of fish and game, forms no unenviable appendage to a farm, and is properly appreciated. But with all its length of lake coast, Michigan can boast of but few good harbors, yet there are several that afford excellent shelter from the stoma Iliat frequently sweep over these great inland seas, and hash them into turmoil. •' Michigan is divided into *3 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1850, were as follows : Ciiunties. Dwelt. Allegan 997'^ Barry 1,087. Berrien 2,126. Branch 2,300. Calhoun '. .SAS9- .19,163. .1,724. . Cn-ss ?. . .1,914. .10,907. . 950. . Chippewa 1S7. . 89S.. 17.. Clinton 946.. 5,102.. C14.. Katon 1,328.. 7,053.. 746.. Genesee 2,257. .12,031. .1,255. . Hillsdale 2,965. .16,159. .1,411. . Houghton 116.. 703.. IS.. . 5,125.. 270.. 86.. Allegan . 5,072.. 783.. 36.. Hastings .11,417.. 690.. 64.. Berrien Spring .13,472.. 1,442.. 53 .. Cold Water 61.. Marshall Huron Ingham Ionia Jackson Kalamazoo. Kent Lapeer. ... 52. ...1,533. ...1,367. ..3,540. ...2,337. ....2,251. ....1,236. ....4,S93. . 210.. 13. , 8,631.. 991., 7,597.. 601.. lO,*}!.. 2,850.. ,13,179.. 1,098., .12,016.. 849. . 7,029.. 62S. .26,372. .2,470. . CassopoIiS Ste. Marie .De Wilt .Charlotte .Flint .Hillsdale .Eagle Kiver Lenawee . Livingston 2.363. .13,4S5. .1,644 Macomb 2,666. .15,530. .1,277 Mason Ionia 95.. Jackson 51..Kalam.tzoo 67.. Grand Eapids 45. .Lapeer .56. .Adrian 40.. Howell ' 65. .Mount Clemens Dwell. ^534. Pop. 136.. 3,59.3.. FurniB Manut. in colt. Estab. 93. 65., S91. 0.. 13.. 0.. 4.. 26.. Capitals. Marquette Mackinac 5. 0. 6. 45 12.. Greenville Monroe Cimnlies. Ma'rquette 13.. Michilimackinac & 21 other counties Mason 12.. Midland 10.. Monleahn 164.. Monroe 2,544. .14,698. .1,277 Newago 92.. 610.. Oakland 5,699. .31,270. .8,446. .146. .Pontiac Oceana 68.. 300.. 0.. 2.. — Ontonagon 46.. 839.. Ottawa 1,129.. 5,587.. 2,609.. 2,112.. 10,420.. .12,725.. 16.. 5,230.. 291.. Saginaw 473. Sanilac 872. SL Clair 1,316. St. Joseph's 2,801 Schoolcraft 5 Shiawassee 972. Tuscola 65. Van Buren 1,053. W.ashtenaw 6,142 Wavne 7,063 0.. 0. 273.. 36. 73.. 14, 61.. 27. 493.. 68. 1,879.. 62 0.. 0.. — 640.. 48..Corunna 18.. 0.. — Ontonagon Grand Haven .Saginaw City Lexington St. Clair .Centrevilla . 6,800.. 459.. 18. .Paw Paw .38.667. .3,543. .154. .Ann Arbor .42,756. .1,635. .244. .Detroit The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was. at the above date, 71,616 ; of families, 72,611 ; and of inhabitants, 397,054 : viz., whites 395,097— males 205,471, and fem.ales 186,626 : free colored, 2.5.'i7— males 1,412, and females 1,14.1. Of the whole population there were, dm/ and ihimb—v,-h. 121, fr. col. 1— total 122; lUnd—vih. 122, fr. col. 0— total 122; in.sinf—v\i. 135, fr. col. 1— total 136. and jWW^f— wh. 137, fr. col. 3— total 190. The number of free persons born in the United States was 341,691, the number of foreign birth 54,352, and of birth unknown 1,211 ; natiue population originated as follows; Me. 1,117, N. Hamp. 2,744, Verm. 11,113, Mass. 3,167, U. 1. 1,081, Conn. 6,731, N. T. 183,756, N. .1,^6,672, Penn. 9,431, Del. 868, Md. 537, Disl. of Col. 45, Virg. 1,504, N. Car. 812. S. Car. 81, Ga. 63, Flor. 12, Ala. 19, Miss. 34, La. 30, Tex. 4, Ark. 25, Tenn. 101, Ky. 402, Oh. 14,677, Michigan. 140,648, Ind. 2,003, 111. 496, Mo. 92, la. 59, Wise. 8.33, Calif. 3, Territories 36; and the foreign population was composed of persons, from— England 10,630, Ireland 13,430, Scotland 3,301, Wales 127, Germany 10,070, France 945, Spain 10, Portugal 2, Belgium 112, ItoUaud 2,.342, Turkey 2, Italy 13, Austria 21, Switzerland 118, Faissia 75, Denmark 13, Norway 110, Sweden 10, Prussia 190, Sanlinia 2, Greece 1, China 1, Asia 0, Africa 3, British .\merica 14,008, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 5, West Indies 84, Sandwich Islands 2, and other countries 66. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : White I'er..ms. Cnlored Persons. T.itfil riecennifll Increase. Tears. Free. Sl,ixe. T..Iiil. Po|,«l»t„m. Numerical, Per ceat. 1810 .... .... 4,618.... .... 120 24 1+4 ... .... 4,762 . . . — — 1820 .... .... 8.591.... . . . . 805 — Sn5 .... .... 3,s;i6... .... 4,134 S6.3 1S30 .... . . . . 31.346 .... .... 261 82 293 .... 31.039 ... .... 22.74:3 235.6 1S40 .... .... 211..360 .... .... 707 — 707 ... .... 212,267 ... .... 1S0,623 670.9 1850 .... . . . . 895,097 .... ....2,557 — 2,,5.37 ... .... 397,654 . . . ....135,387 ^73 The statistics of the wealth, production, manufactures, and institutions of Michigan, as exhibited by the census of 1350, and other official returns referring to the same period, are as follows ; OetMpitd Lands, <*;.— Improved lands 1,929,110 acres, and unimproved lands 2,4.54,780 acres^v.alued m cash at $51,872,446. The whole number of farms 34.089. Value of farming implements and machinery. $2,890,371. i(W-5to<*.— Horses, 58,506; asses and mules, 70; milch cows. 99.676; working oxen, 55.350: other cattle, 119,471; sheep, 746,4.35; and swine. 203,847— valued in the aggregate at $8,008,734. The returns of 1340 exuibited the live-stock in the State as follows: horses, mules, etc., 80,144; neat cattle of all descriptions, 185,190; sheep, 99,619; and swine, 296.S90. Proditda o/^nimafe.— W.xil. 2,043 283 (in 1S40, 133.3751 pounds : butter, 7.065.373 pounds; choree, 1.011,492 pounds; and value of animals slaughtered during the year, $1,323,327. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 8 (.in 1840, 266) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to that of 3,19,232 pounds. Grain Trnps.- Wheat, 4.925,339 bushels; rye. 10.3.S71 bn,»hels; Indian com, 6,641,420 bushels; Oats, 2,866,056 bushels; oarlev. 75,249 bushels ; and buckwheat, 472,917 bushels. The crops of the same cereals, in 1840, Were : wheat, 2,157,108 467 MICHIGAN. bushels: Indian corn, 2,277,039 bushels; oals, 2,114,061 bushels; rj-e, 84,236 bushels; barley,^127,802 bushels; and bnck- wheal, 113,692 bushels. » (Wwr Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 74,254 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 2,859,897 bushels, and sweet, 1,177 bushels. The potato crop of 1840 amounted to 2,109,205 bushels. MiKcellanemit 0-o;)s.— Tobacco, 1,245 pounds ; hay, 404,934 tons ; clover-seed, 16.9S9 bushels ; other grass-seed, 9,73B bushels ; hops, 10,663 (in lP4n. 11.881) pounds ; hemp— dew-rotted 166 tons, and water-rotled 87 tons ; flax, 6,994 pimnda (crop of hemp and flax in 1540, 756i tons) : flax-seed, 1,421 bushels ; maple sugar, S,43',9S7 pounds ; molasses, 19,823 gal- lons ; wine, 1,654 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was 1132.650, and of market-garden producU 114,733. nmne-iuacle Maim/aetum for the year 1849-50 were produced to the value of $1,328,33?. In-lS39-40 the same de- scription of products were valued at $113,955. J/i/n«/«c(urm Detroit, and 2,14T Tnmi Miehilimackiuac districts. The shipping owned in the two districts amounts to 3^,144 tons, all of the class enrolled and licensed, and of which 1S,015 tons are navigated by steam-power. In the Detroit district 14 vessels — 5 schooners. 6 sloops, and 3 steamers — of an aggregate burden of 2,062 tons, were built during the year above referred to. The greater portion of the external commerce of Michigan is with the adjoining British provinces. The following table exhibits the movements of the foreign commerce of the State for a series of years : y*?ar. Exports. 1S36 $61.2S1 1S3T 69,790 , 1839 125.660 1S39 — 1S40 162,229 , 1S41 &S,529 , lSi2 262.229 , 1S43 262,994 . Zake Commerce.— Th\s department of commerce in Michigan is large, and yearly increasing. Twenty years ago it ha4 no existence, and even ten years ago it was of very trifling importance compared with its present extent Of the commercial movements on Lake Superior, no statistics have been published, but it is well understood that all the firo- duets of the country bordering on it, from their very nature being mineral, must seek a distant market, and that the great bulk of necessaries of life must be carried to the miners — thus creating a large commerce, and that an increasing one. A navigable canal, 5,267 feet long, around the Sault Ste. Marie, is about to be constructed, and hence the commerce on Lako Superior will be at once established on a sure and lasting basis. On Lake Hm-on the exports from the two districts of Sault Ste. Marie and Michiliraackinac in 1S50-51 amounted to $553,61S. and the imports to $294,584 ; on the lake and river St. Clair, from the districts of Algonac, St. Clair, Trenton, and Mount Clemens, the exports in the same year amounted to $4*^3,660, and the imports to $155,S63 ; and on Lake Michigan, from district of St. Joseph's, the exports were valued at ?543.S94, and the imports at $672,S92— making a total of exports by lake valued at $1,5S1.1T2, and of imports valued at $1,823,299. The above figures embrace the total imports and exports on Lake Huron, and also on the river and Lake St. Clair, so far as domestic commerce is concemetl ; the total cnmnn-rce on Lake Michigan, inclusive of that of St Joseph's above, was in the same year — exports $3,836,108, and import* ^15,4^4.72S, or a total value of exports and imports amount- ing to $24,320,836, of which $39S,n,S-'J belonged to Indiana, $ll,9i)3.777 to Illinois, and the remainder to Wisconsin. Internal Cominunicotion. — Michigan has two transverse railroads — one extending from Detroit, via New Buffalo, to 463 MICHIGAN. ;: Z, .. ^. ,t„„roe ria While Pigeon and the Imliana Northern Eailroad, to the same Chicago, and tite other ^J.f^f "^-^i^^^r;,;':!!.. runntng eastand west connecting the northern Atlantic State, destination. These two road» form hnl^sn the gr » ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^ y_^^ ^^^^.^ ^^ ^^j^ and sea-board with the M.sstssti^ r'^ra, roj ■ hmierto constructed on the longitudinal extent of the country. Their and passengers is immense, being the shorttsl routis m"^' " j . I jj^.^igan aecesi by conn^ions'with the railroads and steam -""^"r' 'X^^^,^"^^!,^.'"^ ,o s'vell the aire 'iy large com- railroad and water to vast regions hitherto '^'^''^^ll^'^^^^^^T^ „io State, as the one from Detroit to Pontiac, and • mercial oonnecti^ of the State. Thereare also se oral short ralroad in t ,^^^^ ^^ ^^^^,^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^ ^^^ from White PigeTn to Cons.an.ine : and "'^^^ ''J^. P^o ^n;^'^ d iVom Jackson, on the Centra. P.oad, to Lansing, the mineral region, in the npper P™;"f"f ' ..^ ' °° ''.fs Je „„ the 1st of January, 1S53, was 4S1 mUes, which had cost ,,,,i,.,l. The total length of completed railroad '^'^l^^'X^Zyc7 r^x\^^ of te ritory. A canal is also abont being ^'•"'':^*frr:k^4,r"eM:rir:ut^^^^^^^^ ;;;;r: r—^ule r;:;"niineral region of -;--° *— ^r^ :::;;ch bank, the nnancia. condition o, ^>„,.x-On the 1st January, 1851, there were m^^^^^^^^^ „ |,i,.h, at Uie date a^xed was F f"l "^^ ./s tH^^^ „ai« - 1 discounts *1,31«,:3(13, stocks *420,5-21, real estate , „h,r banks $42,559, and other liabilities »S42,S16 , "tid «.«.^. i ■ ^^^ j^g5_ ^^^ J221,C26, other investments *65,083, due by other banks $41)4,601, notes ;pecie 1125,722. . constitution approved by the people, in November, 1S50. It provides ,.,>.«,,»™(.-The gov-emment ■« ''"^^f °° "^"™^ f;, ° ^ f ^very white male inhabitant who, six months previously, ,h;a the right o/mffrage be enjoyed by every '^^''■^■'^^J^l^^^^l^ J ,,,,„ ^^ resided in the State two and a half years, has declared his intention to "ecome a ciU.en^of *;^J^-'^;>^^"^'^^^,:„, „„^ , „,„ber of any tribe. Every elector shall bo a„.l declared his intention as ''f°'-^-'^-»"f;,^7>,\';7," months, and in the township or ward in which he offer, hi8 above 21 years of ^7';"f^^^^„ ;^''''B'n m tafe scnalifted from vo.ng, or being elected to any oilice. The general vole ten days preceding an election. ^'"'-^^ November, biennially (even years), dections are held on Tuesday succeeding the "7' f ™'^''> '" "" „„,^,i'„,. Senators, S2 in number, are elected from /..,«.,.«•. p«eer i, vested in a Senate »"". """^^^f ,f; "^ : ",t n" more tha'n 100 in number (now 6C), ftom .„,,e districts for two years, -"If P^^^f,^'';'^;,"i: rtln^ "nL" more than one representative, the number to .li.lricts, and for the same term. When any town °''''f "■=' '^,™",''\_ ,^_ ^^ „e div Senator, and of the state two years next preeedmg.Ttepowe,^ot^''^g of Michigan shall execute the oflice of in.endent of Public Instruction, an Auditor-general, ''"'>»"/'""^' ,;;";,/ The three Hrst-named eonstitiit* a B>.ard a iLrd of State banvassers, to aetermine the results of ^^^ if LtrCourts, and in justices of .he peace. The j.e > law-the judges hold offlce for four years, probate courts of the several counties have JUr.sdicUon t^ .^o^" ^l' s '^^^ J s i es of the'peL are chosen for four years, The whole of the above are court, of record, »"^^'^"''J,r^,7^^Vnumber. In civil eies, justices of the peace have and each town may have four-eities may have more th. n that ™"«''^ ^ , ,^^ ,„ j5f,„. They have exclusive jurisdiction to the amount of *1"0; -d concu.en. o 3 , w h ch -S^^^,^^,^^,^ ^>^ ^„,.„^ .„ ,„ , o, also criminal jurisdiction in minor offen es Court, of »"^'"^"™ J „ ^ „„ „l,„,„ey or agent of h,s own n l^'lng war against it or adhering to its enemies, g'-"f '''-;";- ,,"1 Id »a»;ed to by two-thirds of each house. Any amendment, to the constimtion may be P-P-«d n e tier '»-• »"^J^^ »=;; ,„^ ^y^,„, ,„,i„, .hereon ratify .n,.h enominations.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in this State were, in accordance with the census of 1850, as follows : Denomina- No. of tione. CLurtlies, Cbiinh Brcolll. Baptist 58 . . Chrislian ... 1 . . 17,6:5 .. 350 .. Congregal'l.. 29 .. Dutcli Rcf. . 6 . . ]0,5«0 .. 1,575 .. Episcopal . . 25 . . Free 1 .. 8,-125 . . 700 .. Friends 7 .. 1,400 . . rr..|,er,y. $S4,050 1,000 69,650 6,250 82,SO0 8,000 4,850 Dennmina- No. of Ctiurcli Vnlue of tions. Chunli&s. Mrcoin. Properlj'. German Kef. — . . — . . $ — .Jewish — .. — .. — Luther.an... 12.. 8,205.. 12,625 Mennonite.. — .. — .. — Methodist .. 10.3 .. 83,010.. 142,650 Moravian... 1 .. 200 .. 500 Prcsbjtcr'n.. 67.. 22,530.. 142,650 Denomina- No. of Cl.urch Value ol tions. Cliurrliea. accom. rrop^rty. E. Catholic. 42 .. 15,0-2 . . $159,775 Swedenbo'n — . . — .. — Tunker — . . — . — Union 3 . . 800. 1,400 tIniLarian. . . — . . _ . _ Universalist. 6 .. 1,210 . . 7,100 Minor Sects .. 1 . . 800 . . 15,000 —making a total of 862 churches, with accommodation for 118,892 persons, and valued as property at $423,200. Michigan constitutes a ditx-ese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of Detroit. Pauperism and Crime. — ^Vllole number of paupers wlio were relieved or receivetl sui^port within the year ending 1st June, 18.")0, 1,190 — 649 native-bom, and 541 foreigners ; whole number of paupers receiving support at the dale specified, 429— 24S native-btirn, and ISl foreigners ; total annual cost of support $27,556. The State prison is located at Jackson. The number of convicts on the 80th November, 1S49, was 109; received during the year 50, and discharged during the year 28, leaving in prison SOth November, 1S50, 131, of whom 115 were white, and 16 colored. Of the 50 received, 25 were committed for larceny. 3 for burglary, and 5 for burglary and larceny ; and of the 28 discharged, 21 by expiration of 8ent€'nce,2 by pardon, 2 by death. 2 by escape, and 1 by order of Supreme Court, The incomeof the prison was $10.700 63, and the expenditures $16,736 14, the deficiency being supplied by the State. Of the 181 prisoners remaining under sen- tence, 5 were educated at college, 1 at a medical school, S in academies, and 91 in common schools ; 94 can read and write, 34 can read only, and 3 can not read ; 19 learned to read in prison ; 80 were native-born, and 45 foreign-bom. Historical Sketch.— The discovery and early settlement of Michigan is due to the French, whose motives seem to have been the prosecution of the fur trade, and incidentally the conversion of the Indians. In prosecution of the latter object. Father Sa[;ard reached Lake Huron in 1632, seven years subsequent to the founding of (Quebec, but the present site of the city nf Detroit had been visited as eariy as 1610. Soon after the middle of the 17tb century, tradinsc-posts were estab- lislied at Sault Ste. Marie, Michilimackinac, and Green Bay — the two^rst. in a military point of view, important pusltinns, and the latter post is noted as the stiu-ting-point of the expedition of Juliet and Marquette in search of the Mississippi, in 470 MIC MID 1673. In 1702, an expedition sent out by the Governor of New France laid the foundation of Detroit. From this period until the erection of the country into a territory of the United States, the history of Miclii^an is simply a history of thai post, and though Aill of romantic interest, and pt-rhaps of useful information relating to the progress of settlement, ia not of suflScient importance to require notice in this p>ace. The Indian wars may also be passed over in silence. The defini- tive treaty of peace which acknowledged the independence of the United States, gave to the young republic a vast west- ern domain, of which Michigan formed a part. It had been ceded to the English in 17G3, when France renounced hef vast American possessions. The disturbed state of affairs at the period referred to, however, delayed the United SlaU'S in taking possession of the territory ; n'»r was it imtil 179fj tliat the Americans entered Detroit. Michigan from this time was included under the government of the territory north-west of the Ohio, and hence has ever been amenable to the ordinance of 17S7. In ISOo, the territory of Michigan was constituted, and on the 1st July of that year the government was organized at Detroit by Gen. William Hull, its (Irst governor. In 1S12, war against Great Britiiin was declared by Congress, and the first shock fell upon Michigau. Detroit was given up to the British, and the country became the scene of rapine and blooS Waukegan CD.OSl 283,107 St.Joseph 672,893 543.894 Michigan City 28,915 369,168 Chicago 7,751,872 4,151,905 —making for all the ports an aggregate of imports rained at $15.43-1.728, and of exports an aggregate valued at $8,836,108. This amount would undoubtedly be much larger if the canal from Chicago to the navigable waters of the Illinois, and the numerous railroads diverging from the same point, did not carry off the great bulk of the commercial material needed and produced in the country on the west side of the lake, but these also act as its feeders. The geographical position of the lake, indeed, is most advantageous for its becoming the channel of an immense commerce. Its length lies in the direction between the Mississippi and the great lakes, and it is navigable for vessels of the greatest tonnage. Steamboats ply regularly between all the ports, and to and froiii these and the ports of Lake Erie, having Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., as their eastern destination, and at these connecting with the great lines to the interior and Atlantic sea-board. MicniaAN City, p. v., La Porte co., Iiid.. : at the mouth of Trail cr., on Lake Michigan, 12 m. N. "W. of Laporte, and 137 m. N. by W. from Indianapolis. This is the only lake harbor in the State. It was first .settled in 1S36. The Michi- gan Central K. K. passes through the v., 54 m. from Chicago, and 228 ni. from Detroit It is the proposed terminus of a number of other railroads. There are a number of large warehouses situated on Trail creek, for the storage and ship- ment of wheat and had the improvement of the harbor been continued as was contemplated, the great emporium of the northern trade of the State would have been here ; as it is, vessels can only be loaded by means o(Ug?iters, and in pleasant weather. Dry goods, grocery, and provision stores are numerous, and there are also in the place several facto- ries and workshops. A branch of the State bank is situate here. The "-Michigan City News" (whig) is published weekly. There is a light-house (fixed light) on the beach, the lantern being 60 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. about 1,000. MicmoANTOWN, p. v., Clinton co., TncJ. : 39 m. N. by W. Indianapolis, and 42 m. by the Michigan plank-road. MicniLiMACKiNAC county, Mich. Situate E. on S. side of Upper Peninsula, and contains about 1,260 sq. in. Drained by Pine and Carp rivers, and other small streams flowing iiito the straits of Mackinaw, its S. boundary. It embraces many islands, of which Mackinaw, Bois Blanc, .and Great Beaver (settled by the Mormons) are chief. The main land is visited mostly by fur traders ; the waters adjacent abound in fish, principally whUe fish and b.ass, and tho fisheries are very valuable. Pop. about 3,000. Capital : Mackinaw. MiDimioGE, p. 0., Giles county, Tenn.: 72 m. S. by W. Nashville. MiDDLEEOROucn, t and p. v.. Plymouth co., A/ass. : 87 m. S S. E. Bo-iton. Drained by Assawamset and Long Pond, totfether with several smaller ones, which discharge their waters into Taunton r., affording excellent hydraulic power. Surface in parts rocky : soil varied. Iron ore is fonni>LEBUEY, p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : on the Cleveland and Taunton post-road, lOS m. N. E. Columbus. MiDDLEBURY, t., p. v., and cap. Addison county, Viugh the W. pari of t,) and Middlebury r., affurding ex- cellent hydraulic power. Surface generally level, Chip- man's Hill, 440 feet above Otter cr., being the greatest elevation; soil fertile and very productive. There are a large number of manufactories and mills here in successful operation ; also a fucnace and forge. The v. is pleasantly situate on the bank of Otter cr., at the falls, the Eulland and Burlington R. E. passing through it 33 m. from Burlington, There arc some extensive manufactories and a large num- ber of fine dwellings, stores, and workshops in the village. A large quarry of superior white and variegated marble is situated near the v., which is extensively wrought It is tho seat of the Middlebury College, founded in ISOO, having (in 1S50) a president, 6 professors, S77 alumni, of whom 397 were in the ministry, and 63 students, with a library of 6,000 volumes. The college is built of stone, and is a fine struc- ture. The '^Middlebury Register" (whig) is issued weekly. East Middlebury is the name of a post-office in the E. part of the town. Pop. of the L 3,517. MiDDLEBURY Hvcr, Ver^m.: rises in Hancock t., in a hilly re- gion, and flowing W. and N., through Goshen and Middle- bury, empties into Otter cr. It is 14 m. in length, and affords several mill-seats. Mjddlebush, p. 0., Somerset county, JV. Jer. : 23 m. N. Trenton. Middle Ceeek, p. c, Monroe county, Oliio: 101 m. E. Columbus. Middle Creek, t and p. o.. Union co., Penn.: 28 m. N. Harrisburg. Drained by Middle cr., which flows into the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. It has some manufactories, and several stores and workshops. Pop. of the t. about 575. Middle Creek, p. v., "Wake co., N. Car.: on N. side of a cr. so called, 11 m. S. Ealeigh. Middle Creek Mills, p. o., Boone co., Ky. : 56 m. N. Frankfort Middle Fabius, p. v., Scotland co., ^fo.: on Middle Fabius cr., and on W. boundary of co., 127 m. N. Jcfferrtou City. MiDDLEFrELD, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Mqm. : 9S m. "W. Boston. Drained by several affluents of the W. branch of Westfleld r. Surface elevated and uneven; soil well adapted to grazing. The Western R. R. passes through tho v., 132 m. from Boston. The t contains several manufac- tories. Pop. 1,737. Middlefield, t and p. v., Otsego co., JV. 3'. ; 63 ra. W. Albany. Drained by Cherry Valley cr., and bounded on the W. by Otsego Lake and a branch of Susquehanna r., ita outlet Surface uneven, in parts hilly : soil fertile. Water- power is extensive. There are in the t a large number of mills, and several manufactories and workshops. The v. is in N. part, and contains several stores, mills, and workshops. Pop. of t 8,131. Middlefield, p. v., Geauga county, Ohio: 141 m. N. E. Columbus. Middlefield Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on E. side of Otsego Lake, 63 m.W. Albany ; contains several mills. MiDDLEFOED, p. o., Susscx CO., Del. : 36 m. S. by E. Dover. Middle Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Ind. : 46 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Middle Fork, p. o., Randolph co., Virg.: 159 ra. N. "W. Richmond. Middle Fork, p. o., Henderson co.^Tenn. : 102 m.W, S.W. Nashville. Middle Fork, p. v., Macon co., Jtfb. ; between Middle Fork and East Chariton r., tributaries of the Missouri, 95 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. Middle GnANvrtLE, p. v., "Washington co., K. Y. : on lino of the Rutland and Washington R. R., 61 m. N. N. E, Troy, and 67 m. N. N. E. Albany ; contains a cotton factory ann!y 85 rods wide, and rising from 400 to 600 feet-aJUJce the river. Here occurs an inexhaustible deposit of feldspar, used in the manufacture of porcelain. That portion of the t„ formerly known aS Upper Middletown, has been recently erected into a separate t under the name of Cragiwell. There are silver and lead mines in the t., the silver ore yielding about 53 per cent of metal, and the lead S4 per cent The works are extensive and very valu- able. The city is situate on ground gently rising from the river, here from SO to 100 rods wide. Lat 41° 83' OS" N., and long. 72°31)'W. The streets are laid out at right angles with each other, the main street running parallel with the water, and on this are the principal stores, hotels, the Court House, Custom House, and other buildings. The more elevated portions of the city, west of the main street, are adorned with many elegant mansions. Several of the public edifices are of beautiful construction. The buildings of "Wesleyan University, situate here, are also handsome structures. Middletown is a busy commercial town and a port of entry. The wharves are commodious, and the river sulfi- ciently deep to admit of any vessels that can pass the bar at its mouth. Foreign shipping seldom arrives here, but it has a comparatively extensive coasting trade ; and the shipping owned in the district in 1650, amounted to 12,129 Ions, chiefly employed in coasting, and of which 1,940 tons were navigated by steam. The shipping built in the district in the year above named amounted to 1.S31 tons. The New York and Hartford steamboats call here daily, and there is a branch railroad connecting it with Hartford. Middletown will also be intersected by the New York and Boston direct line of railroad now being constructed. The AVesIeyan Uni- versity was founded in 1S31, and has a president and 7 pro- fessors, and in 1850 itsalumni numbered 4112 and its students lie. The library contains about 12,000 volumes. The in- stitution has also a valuable philosophical apparatus. There are also several academies in the city and numerous public schools. The newspapers published here are, the '■ Senti- nel" (dem.), the "Constitution" (whig), and the " Weekly News," 'Jhcre are 3 commercial banks in the city and a savings institution. Fop. of t. in 1S20, 6.479; in 15:30, 6,S92 ; in 1S40, 7,010 ; and in 1850, 8,791, about one-half re- siding In the city. MiPiiLETowN, p. v., Livingston co., Mich,: 81 m. S. E. Laming. Middletown, p. v., New Castle co., Del. : near Appo- quinimink cr., 23 m. N. i W. Dover. Middletown, p. v., Logan co.. III. : on the border of a. prairie, 20 m. N. E. Springfield. Middletown, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: 89 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. MiDi-LETOWN, p. v., Jefferson county, Kt/,: 36 m. W. Frankfurt, and 12 m. E. Louisville. Middletown, p: v., Frederick co., 3fd. : on tho E. siany. Middletown Point, p. v. and port of delivery,- Mon- mouth CO., X. Jer. : on E. bank of Middletown cr., 29 m. N. v.. Trenton. The v. is pleasantly situate on an elevation of some GO feet from the water. It is a flourishing v., with some fine stores and dwellings, and considerable trade. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank is situate here. Cap- ital $50,000 Middle Village, p. o., Queens co., 2^. T.: 129 m. S. Albany. MiDDLEViLLE, p. T., Barry co., Mich.: on W. fork of Grand Haven r., 49 m. W. Lansing. MiDDLEviLLE, p. 0., Susscx couuty, 2f. Jer. : 61 m. N. Trenton. MiDDLEviLLE, p. T., Hcrkimcr co., N.Y.:ovi West Can- ada cr., Tl m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores, mills, and manufactories, among the latter Is an extensiva chair r>nd cabinet factor}'. MiDDLEWAY, p. v., Juflcrson CO., Virg. : 127 m. N. by W- MID MIL rjeliraond. The ■Winchester and Potomac E. K. passes near the village. Midland county, Mich. Situate E. at head of Saginaw Bay, and contains "22 sq. m. Prained by Tittibawassee r. and its branches, Salt, Pine, and Chippewa rivers. Surface undulating; soil well adapted to grass and grain. In the N. aud S. E. are dense forests of Norway and while pine timber, which are very valuable, and the county contains abundance of gypsum and excelk-rit salt springs. It is thinly settled yet. Farms 4; manuf. 0; dwell, 10, and pop. — wh. 64. fr. col. 1 — total 65. Capikd: Midland. Midland, p. v., Charlotte co., Virg, : on the E. side of Slauuloa r.. "S m. 8. W. by "W. Richmond. MiDTiLLE. p. T., Burke co.. Ga.: on the N. side Ogeochee r., "5 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville, on the line of the Central R. K., 94 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. Midway, p. o., Giles county, Yirg.: 174 m. W. by S. Richmond. Midway, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on a fork of Pea r., 40 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Midway, p. 0., Fulton county, lU. : 63 miles N. TV. Springfield. Midway, p. y., Spencer co., Ind. : on the E. side of Little Pigeon cr., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. MrnwAT. p. v., "Woodford co., Ky. : on the line of the Lexington and Frankfort R. R., 15 m. E. Frauk{i_^rt. Midway, p. o., Madison co., Mhs. : 23 m. N". Jackson. Midway, p. v., Cooper co., Mo.: on the Boonville and JefTiTson City post-road, 26 ni. N. W. Jefferson City. Midway, p. t., Davidson co., N.' Cur. : S5 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Midway, p. v., Barnwell dist., S. Car. : on the line of the South Carolina R. E., 72 m. from Charleston., 54 m. S. Columltia. Midway, p. c, Newton county, Tea". : 139 m. E. by N. Austin City. Midway, p. o., Hot Springs county, Arl: : 47 m. S. "W. Little Rock. Midway, p. v., Monroe co., Tfrm.: 131 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Midway Junction, p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the Prince Edward and Marj'sville post-road, 65 m. S. "W. Richmond. MrEi!, p. 0., Grant co., Ind. : 58 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. MiER, p. T., "Wabash co.. III. : 132 m. S. E. Springfield. MiF.R, p. 0., Madison county, Mi^cmri: 125 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Mifflin county, Pen^. Situate centrally, and contains 223 sq. m. Drained by the Juniata and its branches. Sur- face uneven, and much bmken. Soil, except in the most rugged parts, very rich. "Wheat, rye, com, and oats pro- duce fine crops, and the shearings of wool are heav>% and dairies large. It has excellent mill streams, and manufac- tures wot^len goods extensively. Iron ore is abundant, and the manufaoture of iron is the leading interest of the county. Farms 787; manuf. li>2 ; dwell. S.Wl, and pop._wh. 14.570. fr. col. 410— tf.tal 14.0S0. Capital: Lewistown. Pnhlic Works: Pennsylvania Canal; Pennsylvania R. R. Mifflin, t. and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio: 62 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained in llie W. by Black Fork of Wal- honding r. ; soil fi-rlile and well cuUivirted. Pop. 891. Mifflin, t. and p. v., Iowa co., WIac. : 52 m. "W. by S. Madison. Drained by branches of Picannica r. Surface various : soil fertile, with good woodlands. The v. is situate in the S. part of the tf>wn. and will be intersected by the Milwaukie and Mississippi Railroad as projected. Popula- tion of t. 640. Mifflin, p. v., Crawford co., IjuJ.: 102 m. S. by "W. Indianapolis. Mifflin, p. v., Henderson co., Tenn.: lOT m. W. S. W. Nashville. MiFFLiNBFRO, p. h.. Union co., Penn.: on the S. side of Buffalo cr., 4S m. N. by "W. Uarriaburg. Incorporated in 1S27; has several manufactories, a number of stores and workshops, 145 dwellings, and 7SS inhabitants. MiFFLiNTowN. p. b,, and cap. Juniata co., Penn.: on the N. bank of the Juniata r., 34 m. N. W. Harrisburg. ".The Pennsylvania Canal pfliSses through the borough, Itiias a number of dwellings, several stores, and workshops. The "Juniata Register," and "Juniata Sentiner' (whig), are weekly issues. Pop. 4S5. Mii'FLiNviLLE, p. v., Columbia co., Penn. : on the S side of the Susquehanna r., 57 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg, Milam county, Tex. Situate E. centrally, and contains l,24:3'sq. m. Drained by Liule r., a branch of the Brazos, its E. boundary, and its branches Indian, Elm, and Brushy creeks, and San Gabriel r. Surface undulating or. level, a large part open prairie, but with a plenty of tinilxiiiiu every parU Soil mostly very fertile, producing great crops of cot- ton, com, Irish and sweet potatoes, and admirably adapted to grain-growing and grazing. Indigo grows spontiuieously in great abundance. It is rich in minerals, and has val- uable stone quarries, millstone grit, and numerous salt springs. Farms 152 ; manuC 1 ; dwell. 414, and pop. — wh. 2,469, fr. col. 2, si. 436— total 2,90S. Capitul : Cameron. Milam, p. v., and cap. Sabine co., Tex. : on the Old Military Road, ^47 m. N. E. Austin City. Milan, p. v., Ripley county, Ind, : 65 miles S. E. Indianapolis. Milan, t. and p. o.,' Monroe co., Mich. : 47 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Macon r. Surface un- dulating ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. It contains a num- ber of mills and manutactories, and several workshops. Pop. of t 642. Milan, p. v.. and cap. Sullivan co., Mo. : 4. Milan, t. and p. v., Erie county, Ohio: 93 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and its branches. Surface hilly ; soil fertile and productive. The v. on the S. bank of the river is pleasanUy located on a bluff some 70 feet abovo the water, on the site of an old Indian town. It is connected with Huron harbor S m. by a ship canal, by which vessels pass up to the village. It is a flourishing village, and con- tains ehurches, an academy, a number of stores, several mills, and various mechanic shops. The t. has in it a num- ber of schools. The '• Milan Tribune" (whig) is issued week- ly. Pop. of t. 2,697. Milan, p. c, Bradford county, Penn. : US m. N. Harrisburg. MiLBrRG, p. 0., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 98 m. N. W. Columbia. MiLFj^BUBG. p. v.. Centre co., Penn. : in an extensive coal region, on S. side of Bald Eagle cr., 67 ra.N.W. Harrisburg. The country round about is mountainous. There are in the village a cold blast furnace of 1,100 tons annual capacity, 2 charcoal forges, producing 450 tons blooms each, and 2 rolling mills, producing 600 tons each annually. Pop. 474. MiLESTuwN, p, v., St. Mary's eo., Md. : E. of Wicomico r., and 41 m. S. by W. Annapolis, MiLESTow.v, p. v., Philadelphia county, Pnu.: on an 475 MIL MIL elevation, 89 miles E. by S. Harrisburg, and 9 miles N. i Philadelphia. MiuoED, t. and p. v., New Haven co., CotiTi. ; 48 m, S. 8. W. Hartford. Bounded on the S. by Long Island Sound, and in the W. by the Housatonic r. Drained by Wi-'pawaug river and several small creeks flowing Into the Sound. Surface undulating ; soil fertile ; and there is a quarry of beautiful serpentine marble in the town. It has a fine harbor for vessels of from 150 to 200 tons burden. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the oyster and clam trade and in coasting. The Washington bri*lge crosses tl»e Housatonic r. near Milford Point to Stratford, at which place there is a draw to adnnl ressela The v. is very pleasantly situate at the mouth of Wepawaug r. at the head of the harbor, on line of the New York and New Haveu R. E., 10 m. from New Haven. There are in the L several stores and mills, together with a number of manufactories. Pop. of t 2,465. MiLFOED, t and p. v., Jefferson co., Wise: 27 m. E. Madison. Drained by Beaver dam branch of Eock river. Surface varied ; soil fertile, with good timber lands. The v. is situate on Kock r., and contains several stores and dwell- ings. Pop. of t, 723 Mn-FOED, p. v. and bund., Kent co., Pel, : on N. bank of MispiUion cr., 16 m. S. Dover. There are in Ihe hund. nu- merous stores, several mills, manufactories, and workshops. Area, 47,500 sq. m. The " Milford Beacon" is issued weekly. Pop. 2,529. MiLFOBD, p. v., Hunterdon co., iV. Jer. : on the E. bank of the Delaware r., 29 m. N.W. Trenton. Milford, p. v., Iroquois co., III. : on the N. side of Sugar creek, 113 m. N. E. Springfield. The v. is surrounded by excellent prairie land. Milford, p. v., Kosciusko county, Ind. : 115 m. N. Indianapolis. There is a railroad in course of construc- tion from Peru to Goshen, which will pass through the village. Milfoed, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 76 m. N. E. Augusta, on the E. side of the Penobscot r., by which and the Sunkhaze r. the t. is drained. Orono lies on the opjmsite side of the river. Pop. 6S7. Milfoed, t and p. v., Worcester co., 3fiis8. : 29 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Pawtucket and Charles rivers, which afford excellent hydraulic power. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There arc a number of mills and several in an u factories of various kinds in successful operation here. The v. is very pleas- antly situate on the borders of a pond in centre of t. The Milford Branch R. K. connects the v. with FurtningU.n, 1-3 nL distant, where it forms a junction with the Boston and "Worcester R. R. There area number of fine «iwellings, some stores, and several workshops in the village. The " Practical Christian" ia the name of a semi-monthly issue. Pop.of thet4,Sl9. Milford, p. v., Caroline co., Virg. : on the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac K, R., 8S m. from Rich- moml. Milfoed, t and p. v., Oakland co., JificJi. : 49 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface undu- lating ; soil very fertile, and produces grain. The village is on a branch of Huron r., and has several neat dwellings. Pop. of L 1.4T0. Milford, p. v., Bracken county. Kt/. : on a branch of Licking r., 5S m, N. E. by E. FrankforU Milford, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., 2f. /lamp.: 29m. S. J E. Concord. Souhegan river divides the t., running through the N. part, by which and its branches it is draiTied, ami produces- excellent wate-r-power. Surfane un- dulating; soil rich. The v. is on the Wilton R. R., 4 m. from Will->n. The L has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 2.159. Milford, t. and p. t., Otsego co., J^. Y. : 67 m.W. Albany. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its branches Surface very 476 uneven — in parts much broken ; soil strong rich loam, and vfty fertile. The v. is pleasantly situate on a level plain near the Susquehanna r., and conta,ins several stores, mills, and latmeries. Pop. of t 2,227. Milfoed, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the E. side of the Little Miami r-, 81 m. S. W. Columbus, and connected by a bridge with the station on the Little Miami E. E., on the W. side of the river, 14 m. from Cincinnati. Population about 600. Milford, t, p. v., and cap. Pike county, Penn. : 129 m N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small lakes, empty ing into the Delaware r., which bounds the town on the S. E. Surface mountainous and much broken ; soil infe- rior, except along the banks of tne river, where it is good. The village, on the W. bank of the Delaware, is very pleasantly situated on an elevation, at which point a sub- stantial bridge affords communication with the opposite shore. Pop. 853. Milfoed, p. v., Greenville district, S. Car. : on a fork of Congaree r., 94 m. N. W. Columbia. Milfoed Centre, p. v.. Union co., Ohio: on S. side of Big Darby cr., 81 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. Pop. 211. Milfordton, p. 0., Knox co., Ohio: 23 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. MiLiTAET BomsTY Teact, HI. : the region generally de- nominated the Military Bounty Tract, was surveyed during the years 1815 and ISlti, and the greater part eubsequently appropriated in bounties to the soldiers of the regular army, who served in the late war between the United States and Great Britain. It is situated between the rivers Mississippi and Illinois, and extends from their jvmclion due nortli by a meridian line, denominated the fi)urlh principal meridian, 169 miles, presenting an irregular, curvilinear triangle, the acute angle of which is at the junction of these two rivers. From this point the two rivers diverge, so as to make a distance of 90 miles between the extreme points of the northern boundarj-. Half way between the extremes the width is 64 miles. The base line ntnning due cast and west, and commencing just above Quincy, on the Missis- sippi, and terminating at the Ilhnois, a little below Beards- town, intersects the fourth principal meridian at right angles above the junction of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. The whole tract, according to the public surveys, contains 207 entire townships, of six miles square, and 61 fractional townships— altogether 6,360,0(*0 acres, of which 8,500,000 have been appropriated in military bounties. This tract of country lies between 8SO 54' and 41° 40' of north latitude, and 13° west longitude from Washingtntains Naragnagus bay. which sets up from tlie sea, and the p. o. so called is on the E. side of the r., In N. part. Coasting trade and fishery is the chief occupa- tion of tlie inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,170. Mill Brook, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn. : 26 m. W. N. W. IIartf.>rd. Mill Brook, p, o., Warren co., N. Jer. : 47 m. N. by W. Trenton. Mill Brook, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains screral stores and dwellings, and some mechanic shops. Mill Brook, p. o., Warren co., iV. Y. : 63 m. N. Albany. Millcifrn, p. v., Ballard county, K'j. : 246 m. W. S. W. Frank^irt. The contemplated line of the Mobile and Ohio R. R. parses through this village. MiLLDifRN, p. v.. Lake co., lU.: on Mill creek, 195 m. N. N. W. Springfield. MiLLBiTBY, t. and p. V., Worcester county, Mass. : 37 m. W. S. W. Boston. The t is divided by the Blackstone r., by which and its branches it is drained, affording valuable water-power. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil of good quality and very productive. There are extensive manu- factories and a large number of mills and workshops in the town. Incorporated in 1S13. The Blackstone Canal passes through the town. The village is on the lino of the Providence and Worcester R. R., 6 m. S. Worcester, and contains several churches, an academy, some fine dwellings and stores, a number of mills, and several work- shops. The Millbury Bank is situate in the village. Popu- lation of tho town 3,031. Mill Creek, p. o., Pulaski county. III. : 173 m. S. by E, Springfield. Mill Creek, p. v., Ripley co., Mo.: on the W. side of Current river, at the confluence of Mill cr., 153 m. 8. S. E. Jefferson City. Mill Creek, p. o., Person co., N. Car. : 59 m. N. N. W. Raleigh, Mill Creek, p. c, Carroll county, Ky.: 35 m, N. by W. Frank furL Mill Creek, p. c, Kent county, Mich, .* 53 m, W. by N. Lansing. Mill Creek, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : N. side of the Juniata r., and on the line of the Eastern Division of the Pennsylv.inia R. R., 92 m. W. Ilarrisburg. The country round about is mountainous and abounds in iron. There is in the v. a hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons, and a cold-blast furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity. Mill Creek, fur., Venango co., Penn. The fumacclocated here has an annual capacity of 1,000 Ions. Mill Creek, p. o., Fulton co., Ohio : 132 m. N. W. by N, Columbus. Mill Creek, hund., New Castle co., Veh : between Red and White Clay creek?, 37 m. N. by W. Dover. Area 27,760 square miles. Pop. 3,522. Mill Creek, p. o., Berkeley co., Tirg. : 136 m. N. by W. Richmond. Mill Creek, p. o., Sabine par., La. : 147 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Mill Creek, Ind, : rises in S. W. part of Henry co., flows S. through N. W. part of Morgan and S. K. part of Putnam into Owen, where it takes a sudden bend, and returning into Putnam in a N. W. du-ection, flows into Eel r., a fork of White river. Milltjale, p. v., Warren co., Miss. : 4 m. E, of Yazoo r., and 36 ra. W. by N. Jackson. Milldale, p. o., Defiance county, Ohi^: 123 m. N. W. Columbus. Milldale, p. o., Warren county, Virff. : 107 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Mill Dam, p. o., Madison county, Mj.; 129 m. S. E. Jefferson City. MiLLEDOvn-LE, p. city, and cap. Baldwin co., Ga. : and capilal of the State: at the head of navigation of Oconee r., and at the confluence of Fishing cr., in lat 33^ 7' 20" N., and long. 83^ 19' 45" W.— 642 m. S. W.Vashingt.m. The 477 MIL MIL city is built on an elevated and somewhat uneven aite in the midst of a rich*and populous cotton-growing region, and is the centre of a considerable commerce. It is laid out regu- larly, having ten streets running parallel with the river, and ten others intersecting them at right angles, all of which are 100 feet wide, except Washington Street, which is 120 feet. There are three public squares, named respectively, State- House Square, Governor's Square, and Penitentiary Square, the sides of each of which are 450 feet long. Slate-Uouse ' Square is near the centre of the city, and on elevated ground, and on this is built the State House, a tine Gothic edifice, surmounted by a cupola, and containing in its halls portraits of Gen. Oglethorpe and other eminent men of olden limes. The building cost about $120,000. On this square are also the State arsenal and a powder magazine. Other prominent buildings are the penitentiary and the governor's house, which give names to two of the squares, a market-house, 4 or 5 churches, etc. Five periodicals are published here; the "Federal Union" (whig), the "Southern Presbyterian'* (relig.), and the "Southern Recorder," all weekly issues; and the " Star of Truth'* Oiterary), and the " Gem" (literary), monthly issues. The Milledgeville and Gordon R. E. ex- tends hence 17 m. to a connection with the Georgia Central R. R. at Gordon, 170 m. li-om Savannah, and 11 from Macon. A railroad is also completed to Eatonton. The Oconee r. is here spanned by a toll-bridge. Milledgeville was founded in 1S03— in 1810 it had 1,256 inhabitants; in 1S20, 1,411; in 1S30, 1.599; in 1S40, 2,095; and in 1850, about 2,316. In the v. of Medway, near Milledgevilie, is located Oglethorpe College, founded 1836 — in 1850 it had a president, 6 profes- sors, S3 alumni, and S5 students, and its library contained 4,500 volumes. Milledgeville, p. v., Carroll co., lU. : on the "W. side of Elkhorn cr., 152 m. N. Springfield. Milledgeville, p. o., Lincoln CO., Sy. : 47 m. S. by E. Frankfort. Milledgeville, p. v., Montgomery co., 2^^. Car. : 73 m. \V. S. W. Raleigh. MiLLEN, sta., Burke eo., Ga. : on the line of the Central (Georgia) R, R., at which point the Augusta and Waynes- boro' R. R. diverges, 15 m. S. Augusta, and 111 m. E. Macon. It is named after the famous engineer so called. MiLLEE county, 3Io. Situate S. centrally, and contains 549 sq. m. Drained by^Biisliy fork, Tavern cr., and other branches of the Osage, which flows through the N. part. Surface somewhat broken; soil mostly very fertile, and adapted especially to grazing. Corn is the staple, nnd pork thcTtrincipal export It has fine mill-seats, and abundance of*a8jber. Farms 869; manuf 0; dwell. 692, and pop.— wh.3,(>45, fr. col. 0, si. 1S9— total 3,S34. Capital: Tuscumbia. Millek'6, p. o., Fayette co., T&r.: 57 m. S. E. Austin City. MtLLEK's, sta., Cook co.. III. : on line of the Northern In- diana R. R., 29 m. IVom Chicago. Miller's, p. o., Lawrence county, 0?uo: 79 m. S. S. W. Columbus. MiLLEu's river, 3fa-ss. : rises in ponds in Ashbumham and Winchenden. passing W. through Royalston, Athol, Orange, and Wendell, flows into the Connecticut r. at Irving village. It has many tributaries, and aflbrds excellent mill privileges. MtLLEK's river, Venn, : rises in Sheffield, wal^-rs a part of Wheeloek, and empties into the Passiimpsic, in Lyndon. It affords good mill privileges, particularly in Wheelock, where there is a considerable fall. Miller'6 Bat, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y.: 143 m. N. W. Albany. MiLLERsntTEG, p. V.. aud cap. Mercer co., lU,: on the N. ' side of Edward's r.. 112 m. N. N. W. Springfield. It con- tains the county covirt-honse and several dwellings. MiLLERsni'RG, p. v., Bourbon co., Kij. : on a branch of Licking r., 36 rn. E. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 214. MiLLEE9BrRG. p. V., Callaway co., Mo. : on a branch of Cedar rr., 23 m. N. Jefferson CHy. MiLlKKsnuRG. ^ v.. and cap. Holmes co., Ohio: on the 4z^ K. side of Eillbuck or., 67 m. N. "E,. Colun^buB. It contaiua the court-house, jail, and usual number of public buildings, a number of stores and dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. The Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincianali R. K., formerly the Akron Branch, will pass through the v., affording direct communication with Cleveland and Zanesville. The road now (1S53) extends several miles below Clinton. Tho " Holmes County Farmer" (dem.), ** Holmes County Demo- crat" (dem.), and " Holmes County Whig" (whig), arc issued weekly. MiLLEESBCRG, p. T., Dauphhi CO., Penn. : on the E side of the Susquehanna r., and at the mouth of Wisconisco creek, 20 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Mii.LEESBUEO, p. v., Ruthciford CO., Tenn. : on tho Nasb- viile post-road, 41 m. S. E. Nashville. Miller's Ceeek, p. o., Estill county, Ky,: 53 m. S. £. Frankfort, Miller's Creek, p. o., Davis county, UtriLLvn,LE. p. v., Columbia county, Penn.: on the line' of the Catawissa and Towanda R. R., 67 miles N. by E. Harrisburg. MILLVILLE, p. v., Spartanburg disL, S. Car.; "on a fork of Congaree r, 74 m. N. V\'. C'oiumbia. MiLLviLLE, p. o., Lincoln rounty, Tenn.: 69 m. S. by E, Nashville. • 479 , Fauquier co., Virg.: 94 m. N. by W. Sullivan county, Penn. : S4 miles N. ., Butler county, Ala.: 43 miles S. MIL MIL MiLLviLLE, p. v., Ray co., Mo. : on abranch of Wyaconda cr., 112 m. N. W. by W. JeffeMon City. MiLLviLLE, p. o., King George cc, }lrg. ; 53 m. N. by E. RicliinoinJ. MiLLW'EES, p. 0., Andljcrson disL, S. Car. : 103 m. "W. N. "W. Columbia. MiLi,wooi>, p. v., Dooly county, Ga. : 77 m. S. 8. 'W. Millt^iigeville. Millwood, p. v., Lincoln county, Mo,: 68 m. N. E. Ji-'ffiTson Cily. Millwood, p. v., Jackson cc, Mor. ; 54 m. N. W. by "W. TiUlahiissee. Millwood, p. v., Knoxco., Ohio: ontheN. side of Vernon r., 47 ra. N. E. Columbus. Millwood, p, v., Clark co., Virg.: on the W. side of Shenandoah r., 113 ra. N. by W. Richmond. Mill-wood, p. o., Collin county, Tex.: 209 m. N. by E. Austin City. MiLXER, p. v., Fikc CO., Ga. : 61 m. W. Milledgeville. The Macon and 'Westem R. R. passes the v. 47 m. from Macon. MiLXERSViLLE, p. 0., Gucmscy CO., Ohio: 47 m. E. by N. Columbus. MiLO, t. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3£€. : 75 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by the Tiscataquis r. and its branches, Sebec and Pleasant rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile, especially on the banks of the rivers ; well adapted to grain. There are a few mills and some manufactories here. The v. is situate on the N. side of Sebec r, and con- tains a number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pup. of the t 932. Mn,o, t. and p. v., Yates co., i^ Y.: 169 m. W. Albany. Drained by a small stream, which bounds it on the N., and connects Crooked lake with Seneca lake, the former bound- ing it on the W. and the latter on the E. Surface undulat- ing; soil fertile. It is quite a flourishing t, and contains st'vcral stores, a number of mills and manufactories, and a furnace, all in active operation. The v. is in S, E. part, near St*neca lake, and contains a number of mills, stores, and workshops, Penn Yan, a considerable village, and capital (if the county, is situate in the N., on the outlet of Crooked lalte. Pop. of t 4,791. MiLo, p. v., Bureau co., M : 93 m. N. Springfield. Sur- rounded by good prairio lands. MiLo Centre, p. v., Yates co., Ni Y. : at the head of Crooked lake, on the line of the Canandaigua and Elmira R. R., 39 m. N. by W. Elmira, and 171 m. W. AIb.any. The country round about is very rich, producing large crops of wheat annually. MiLROY, p. v.. Rush CO., Ind. : onLittle Flat Rock cr., 89 m. S. K. by E. Indianapolis. ManoY, p. 0., Mitllin county, Penn.: 4S in. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Milton, p. v., Autauga co., Ala. : on a branch of Coosa r., ai m. "W. N. W. Montgomery. Milton, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: on the Litchfield postrroad, on E. side of Shepang r., 31 m. W. Hartford. Milton, p. t., Sussex co., Del. : on N, side of a small cr. flowing into Delaware Bay, 27 m. 8. Dover. Milton, p. v., and cap. Santa Rosa co., Flor. : on the TV. side of Blackwater r, 15 m. N. Pensacola, 165 m. W. Talla- hassee. The country round about the v. is celebrated for excellent live oak. Milton, p. v., Pike co., m. : 54 m. "W. by S. Springfield. Milton, p. v., Wayne co., /«(/. .• on (he W. branch of the White Water r., 68 m. E. Indianapolis. The White Water Canal passes through the village. Milton, p. v.. Trimble co., Xy. -• on the S. bank of the Ohio r.. 44 m. N. W. Frankfurt. A small v., containing a number of stores and workshops, a few dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Milton, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Mass.: 7 m. S. Bostoff. Bounded on the N. and W. by Neponsct r., by <4S0 which and its branches it is drained. *teurface undulating, except in the S., where it is mountainous ; soil very fertile. The river afl'ords extensive hydraulic power, and has some fine mill-sites, of which there are quite a number, as also manufactories. Extensive and valuable granite quarries are found here. The v. (cjilled the Mills) is situate on the Neponset r., at the head of navigation, and is in a very thriving condition, being the seat of considerable trade and manufacture. A fine granite bridge here crosses the Ne- ponset river, and the Dorchester and Milton Branch C. R. diverges hence, and connects with the Old Colony R. R. at Neponset, 5 ra. from Boston. Milton contains some fine country seats and beautiful scenery. Blue Hill, a celebrated land-mark for sailors, 710 feet above the sea, is in S. part of the t., 12 m. from Boston. Pop. 2,241, Milton, p. o., Lafayette co., Miss. : 135 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Milton, p. v., Randolph co., Mo. : on Elk Fork, a branch of Salt River, 63 m. N. J W. Jefferson City. MiLTuN, p. v., Morris co., AT. Jer. : E. side Kockaway r., near Hamburg Mountain. 55 m. N. J E. Trenton. Milton, t. and p. v., StraB'ord co., K Hdmp. : 27 m. N. E. Concord. Bounded on the E. by Salmon r., by the branches of which it is drained. Surface various ; in the E. is Tencrifl'e, a rocky mountain, near which is Milton Pond, connecting with Salmon r. Soil good. It has extensive hydraulic power. The v., in N. part of t, is a pleasant setilemeni, and has a number of stores and workshops. Pop. of 1. 1,619. Milton, p. v., ITlster co., K. Y. : on W. side of the Hud- son r., at the head of a landing, 73 m. S. by W. Albany. The country round about is very i>roduclivo, yielding a large amount of produce, which is sent away annually by means of barges which ply between the village and New York. There are 75 dwellings, with several stores and workshops, and about 475 inhabitants in the village. Milton, L and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 127 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by aflluenls of Mahoning r. Surface undulating ; soil fertile and well cultivated. It has excellent water-power. The v. is situate on a branch of Mahoning r, in N. W. part of t, and contains several stores and work- shops. Pop. 1,120. Mu-Tox, p. v., Caswell co., N. Car. : on the S. side of Dan r., 66 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. A newspaper, the " Mil- ton Chronicle" (whig), is here issued weekly. Milton, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn.: on the E. side of the W. branch of the Susquehanna r.. at the confiii- ence of Limestone r., 53 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses the Susquehanna r. at that point The b. contains about 30ri dwellings, numerous stores, and several manufac- tories. The "MiUonian" (whig), a weekly paper, is issued here. Pop. 1,646. Milton, p. v., Rutherford CO., Term. : 31 dl E. S. E. Nashville. Milton, p. o., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 19 miles 8. Milledgeville. Milton, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car. : on Little r., 53 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. Milton, L and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 34 m. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille river and its branches. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil good, with fine pastur- age. It has immense hydraulic power, owing to an exten- sive waterfall in the river. There area number of mills and manufactories. The t is bounded on the W. by Lake Champlain. Sand Bar bridge connects it with South Hero, on Grand Isle. The v. is pleasantly situate on La- moille r., near the falls, and on the line of the Vermont Central R. R., 121 m. from Windsor. It contains several mills and some manufactories, together with a number of workshops and about 60 dwellings. Pop. of t. 2,451. Miltos, t. and p. o.. Rock county. Wise: 29 m. S. K Matlison. Boimded on the N. by Koshkonong lake, by the outlets of which it is drained; and diversified by a nuin- MIL MIN ber of small ponds. ^urHice undulating ; soil fertile. There are several mills antl m;uiufacIories in the town. The^v. is en the line of the Milwuiikie anj Mississippi K. R., 62 m. "W'. S. W, Milwaiikie. and contains several dwellings, a number of stores, and worlishops. Poj). of t. I,(i32. MtLTOX Mills, p. o., Strafford countj^ K Ilarnp.: 25 m. N. E. Concord. MiLTONSiuiEG, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: on tbo "WoodHcM poal-road, 96 m. E. Columbus. MiLTONvjLLK. p. V., Wood CO., OMo : on the E. bank of th«' Mnumee r., H^O ra. N. N. W. Columbus. MaviLLR, p. o., Kusk CO., Tea:. : 219 ra. N. E. Austin City. MiLWAUKiK county, WUc. Situate S. E., on Lake Michi- gan, and contains 25S sq. m. Drained by Oak cr. and Uoot and Milwaukie rivers. Surface gently rolling, with ;i slope toward the lake; soil highly produt;tivc. Com and wheat, with the Other grains, live-stock, beef, pork, and wool, are the farming staples and large exports. The co. was orig- inally heavily timbered, and is extensively engaged in the lumber trade. It has fine harbors, and a \Try large trade on the lake. The basis of the co. is limestone, which ftir- nishes an excellent building material and good lime. It has various and extensive manufactures, anas3 those of any part of our nation. They have become a valuable article of export, being hard, smooth, and of a beautifnl straw color. The Miiwaukie and Missi?sip|ji E. R. extends from here as far as -Jancsville, a distance of 70 miles, and, when completed, will extend to Dubuque, thus connecting the lake with the Mississippi river. The city is situate on the river of same name, near its mouth, on an elevation, 90 ra. from Chicago, and 7S m. due E. from Madison. It was laid out as a village in 1S.35, and such was the rapidity of Its increase, that in June of the succeed- ing ) ear it numbt-red l.'2't6 inhabitants. The bny is a semi- -Circular indentation of Lake Michigan, about G m. across, and 3 m. dtiep. The X. and S. points, or capes; protect the shipi)ing (Vom the effects of all storms and gales of wind, except from the E., which seldom occur. The bottom is comf/i^se*! of clay, affording excellent anchorage ground. There are 39 sail vessels owned in and sailing out of this port, of which the total tonnage is 5,542; also stock in Bteamboats an are also very abundant, and in time will be suuglil after with nnich avidity. Cobalt hag be- come an olijeet of exploration. It is found associated with nickel, in (be furm of the sulphurct, or the black oxide. An api>aralus fortius prepanition of cobalt oxide has been fitted up at the mine, and it is eslinialed that the tract will pro- * duc'etto, p. 0., Oswego co., A'. Y. : 137 m. N. W. Albany. Mingo Flat, p. <>., Randolph co., Virg.: 137 m. N. W. Eichmond. Mimsink, t, and p. v.. Orange co., y. Y. : 97 m. S. S. "W. Albany; Bounded on the E. and S. E. by Wallkill, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface in the W. hilly and in the E. varied, being partly covered by what is termed the droimied lands; soil in parts fertile and pro- ductive. There are in the t. a Inrge number cf mills, sev- eral manufactories, and a variety of stores. The New York and Erie Pi. Pl. crosses the N. W. part of the t. The v. is near the "Wallkill, and has several stores and workshops. '\\'esttown is the name of a post-office in the S. part. Popu- lation of t. 4,U72. THE TERRITORY OF MINNESOTA. Minnesota occupies *' all that part of the territory of the Tnited States which lies within the following limits, to wit: beginning in the Mississippi Kiver, at the point where the line of 43° 30' of north latitude crosses the same ; thence rujining due wt'st an said line, which is the northern boundary of the State of Iowa, to the north-west cnnier of the said Stale of Iowa; thence southerly along the western boundary of the said State to the point where the said boundary strikes the Missouri Piver; thcnee up the middle of the main channel of the Missouri Kiver to the mouth of the White-earth Eivcr; thence up the middle of the main channel of the Whiie-earth River to the boundary line between the possessions of (he United Stales and Great Britain ; thence east and south of east along the boundary line between the possessions of the United States and Great Britain to Lake Superior; thence in a straight line to the northernmost point of ihe State of "Wisconsin iu Lake Superior; thence along the western boundary line of said State of Wisconsin to the Mississippi Kiver; thence down the main channel of said river to the place of beginning.*' — Act of Coiigre^a, 8d March, 1849. Within this territory Ihc area may be computed at 140,000 or 150,000 square miles; according to the census report it is only S3,000 square miles, which is evidently an error. This immense region is bountifully watered by the Mississippi, of which it contains the true sources, the Minnesota, the Missouri Kiv<'r, and the Red Kiver of Ihe north, and their numerous tributary' streams, ^hicli traverse it in every part. There ^rc also innumerable bodies of fresh water, which abound in fish of various kinds, the white fish especially being found in great numbers in the more uorllum or large lakes. The general character of Minnesota is that of a high rolling prairie, but the streams and lakes are bordered with heavy bodies of timber, which contain every species of wood known along Ihe Mississippi below, except beech and sycamore. At a point about S miles above the Falls of St. Anthony, west of the Mississippi, commences a large and remarkable forest, which extenle, douljtlcs?, to ihe fact tliat no very large bodies of waler are to be found, nUhough. as beforL* stated, small lakes abfuind. PurliiE; the coldest weather in winter the air is perfect Iv* still ; consoQuently the weather is much more tolerable, and evi*n pleasant, than t-cmld he supposed by those who reside in the same la'ilude on the Atlantic coast. The navisntioii of the Mississippi, how.-ver, is imH to be relied on after Uie first week in Dccetnber, and slcamboals arrive in the spring about tho middle of April, so that the river may be considered as closi^'d about five months in the year. Minnesota, in iS50, according to the census of that year, was divided into nine counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each were as follows: Counlies. Dwelt. Pop. j^|7i'k Fsulf" Caiii!;ils. I Cnunlies. nwell. Fop. f,^]'^^ y'^v'u'. Capitals. Benton , 71 ... 4!8 ... 20 ... 1 ... Sauk liaplds ! Ramsey 3S4 ... 2,227 ... W ..,-... St. Paul Wabashaw ....... 55... 24-3... 8....... — Dakotah TS . . . 6S4 ... — ...- ... Fort Snelling Itasca 23... 97 ... 36 ...-,. . — Mankatah 10... 15S ... 4 ...... . — Pembina ISS .. . 1,134 ... 17 ...-.,. . Pembina Wahnahta 2r> ... liiO . . 5 . Washington .ICl ... 1.0J6 ... 4S . The whole number of dwellings in the Terrritory wa&, at the above dnte, 1,003, of families 1,016, and of inhabitants 6.077, viz. : whites 6,03S — males 3,695, and females 2.34:3 ; and of free colored persons 39— males 21, and females IS. Of the whole populatirm. there were (fee/ ami dmnh — wh. 0. fr. col. — total ; Uind — wh. 0, fr. en]. — total ; insy Ihe President. He is ex-officlo superintendent of In. ban alTirirs. and eommander-in- chief of the mihti.i. He may grant pardons for offenses against territorial laws, and reprieve, nniil liio (iecision of the President be known, for offenses against the laws of the United Stales. His veto may be defeated by a snbsequcnt two- Ihird vote of the Legislative Assembly. The Secretary of the Territory, whose moile of appoinlment and tenure of office, is the same as the Governor's, would assume his functions in case of his absence, or the vacation of his office. The jndiciarij consisis of a Supreme Court, District Courts, etc. The Supretne Court consists of a Chief Justice and two associatos, appointed by tlie President and the Senate for four years, any two of whom constitute a quorum, and hold an annual term at the seal of govemmenl. The TerriU)ry is divided into three dislricls. in eaeh of whieh one of the three justices reside, and huld a District Court, having the jurisdiction of Ihe Cnited Slates District and Cireuit Courts in all cases arising utider the laws or constitution of the United States, for jury trials, subject to appeal to the Supreme Court, in which issues at law only are heard. From the Supreme Court writs of error ami appeals lie to the Supreme Court of the United States (as from a Circuit Court), where the nwtter in dispute exceed.-* in value $1,000. Both Ihe District and Supreme Courts possess chancery powers. Justices of the peace have no jnrit^dielion where tlie lille or boundaries of land are in dispute, or where the sura claimed cxcwds $liH(. An attorney an' originally belonged to the Frt^nch by priority of discovery. At an early period their traders, missionaries, and soldiers had penetrated into the western wilder- ness. The Ignited Slates had little authority in this region imtil 1S12. In 1816 a law of Congress excluded foreigners from the Indian trade, and for the encouragement of our own citizens the militaiy post at Fort Snelling was established m 1819. Among the explorers of this counlrj" the names of Car\"er, Pike, Cass, Long, Beltrami, Schoolorafl, Nicollet, Owen, etc., will ever be intimately connected with its history. The honor of verifying the sources of the Mississippi belongs to Schoolcraft The Territorial Govcmraenl was organized by Governor Eanisey. The first legislature, which adjourned after a session of 60 days on the 1st November, 1S49, was chiefly employed in consolidating the goverjiment and dividing the Territory into suitable civil districts, and appointing civil officers to enforce the laws. Among its most important acta were tliose establishing the judiciar}', a school system, and relative to the improvements of the roads. All these will hare a paramount influence over the future destiny of the country. Perhaps one of the most humane and politic acts of tho legislaiuri! was the admission to citizenship of " all persons of a mixture of white and Indian blood who shall have adopted the habits and customs of civilized men;*' and not less politic is that law which requires the establishment ot schools throughout the Territory. The act of the General Government, erecting the Tcrritnn'. appropriates two sections in every township for the support of common schools. No other State had previously received more than one section in each township for such purpose. In June. 1849, the citizen population numbered 4,730 ; iu June, 1S50, it had increased, to 6,ii77 — a fact which speaks well for the future progress of this rising Territory. •'Congress may hereafter divide said Territory, or annex aily portion of it to another State or Territory. — Ac£ qf Conff?'esSy Sd March, 1&49. St. Paul, on the left bank of the Mississippi P.iver, is the political capital of the Territory. MiNOT, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, 3A'. : 31 m. S. W. by W. Augusta. Drained by Little Androscoggin r. and its branches, which afford excellent hydraulic power. Surface diversifled; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agricultural pursuits. There are a number of mills here, and it is important for its manufactories. The v. of West Minot is in the N. ^V. part of the t., on a branch of the Little Androscoggin r. and on the line of the Bu--kfleld Branch K. E. (wliich crosses the Vr. part of the t.) 9 m. from Buckfleld. Po]). of the 1 1,784. MiNSTT.R, p. v., Auglaize co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal, 122 m. N. Cincinnati, and f.S m. "W. N. W. Colnmbus. MiNSi Saoaigoning, or Millk Lacs, Minn.: a circular lake lying in Ramsay and Ivtrdering on Washington County 79 m. N. St. Paul. Its principal outlet is Rum r. on the S., which empties into the Mississijipi. MiNTONsvjLLE, p. V., Gates CO., y. Car. : 12S m. E. N. E. Raleigh. Mint Spring, p. o., Augusta co,, Yirg. : 98 m. "W. N. "W. Richmond. MiBAiiH.E, p. o., Caldwell county, J/". .- 129 m. N. "W. Jefl'ersnn City. MiRANUA, p. V.J Rowan co., iV. Car.: 108 m. W. by S. Raleigh. 4S1 MiRicKTiLLE, p. 0., Erlstol CO., Mass. : 35 m. S. Boston. Misery river, Mich. : rises in a pond in the "W. part of Houghton County, flows N. "VT., and empties into Lake Superior. MisuAWAKA, p. v., St Joseph CO., Ind, : on the line of the Northern Indiana R. R., and on the S. side of the St Joseph's r., 131 m. N. Indianapolis. MismcoTT, p. v., Manitouwoc co., TF?5C. : W. side of E:ist Twin r.. 121 m. X. K. Madison. MispiLioN, hundred, Kent eo., Z>^2. .- hetween Mispilion and Mother Kill creeks, which flow into Delaware B.iy, 13 m. S. Dover. Area, 72.530. It contains several stores, mills, and manufactories, and a number of mechanic shops. Misni.ioN creek, Del.: rises in the N. part of Sussex CO., flo'ning N. E. divides it f^om Kent, and empties into Delaware Bay. Missionary Station, p. v., Floyd co., Gn.: on the N. side of Coosa r., 157 m. N. TV. by W.^Milledgeville. MissACKER county, Mich. Situate N. centrally on Lower Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by branches of Manistee and Maskegon rivers, which flow into Lake Michii^an. I'norganized. Mission Point, p. o., La Salle co.ylU.: 130 m. N. N.E. Springfield. ms MIS Missions San Jose, p. o,, Contra Costa co., Calif. : 2b m. S. Viillejo. MissisynE bay, Venn.: a large sheet of water, an arm of Lake Clianiplain. extemiing into Canada, betwei-n Swanion and Hiirligate E., and Albany Vif. On the Canada lint- ils widtb is about 5 ni., and extends N. the same distance. It covers an 'nrea of 35 square miles. Several streams flow into it, tlu* jirinetpal of whicli is the one so called. MiBfiistiiTi river, Venn, : this erouked river rises in the hilly part of Lowell, flows N. through Westfleld and Truy into Canada, wln.ire it receives a large slreani from the N. E. ; running W. several miles, it retnrns into Vermont through Uiehford, and after a westerly course through F.erk- shire, Enosburg, Sheldon, Iligligate, and Swantoii, returns N. into Iligligate, and empties into Missisque Bay, Lake Champlain, at Iligligate, near the Canada line. At Enos- burg it reoeivw Trout n, besides which Black cr. and Tay- lor's Branch are ils must important tributaries, affording a number of valuable mill-sites. ILs length, incbiding wind- ings, is about 75 miles. It has a number of falls in ils course. Navig;d»le for vessels of 50 Inns burden to S^anfou Falla, distant G m., where there is extensive hydraulic power. MissisyiNAW.\, t. and p. o., Darke en,, Ohio: 94 m. ^\. by X. Columbus. Drained by Mississinawa r. Surface h'vel; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Dancmnra v. is in the E. part of the t. on Mi?sissinawa r. r<^'p. of t. H78. Missi&siNAWA river, Ind. : rises in W. part of l)nrko co., Ohio, flowing in aN. W. course into Indiana, passed through the eounlies of liandolph, Delaware. Grant, and W.ab:ish, andemi)ties into the Wabash river, in Miami co.. a short distance below Peru. It fori s one of tlic principal irilju- tarics of the Waba.sh river. Its upper parts furnish good mill-seats, and its lower is navigable at high water fur boats of 10 tons burden. THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the souih by the Gulf of Mexico and Louisiana, and on the west by Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which sejjarale it from Louisiana and /Vrkansas. Like Alabama, it has a narrow strip of land about 90 miles long and oO miles wide, south of the main body of the State to the Gulf ()f Mexico, Independently of this tract, it lies between .Sl^ and 35'^ latitudes north, and extends from SS*^ 12' to 9P 30' longitudes west from Grt-enwieU, or 11° 10' and 14° 31' from Washington. In the north, the width is about 116 miles, but it expands pretty regularly to 1&9 miles iu the south, and it3 length, exclusive of the strip above mentioned, is about 2T6 miles, comprising an area of 47,150 s<)uare miles. The surface of Mi.ssissippi has a general slope to the south-west and to the south, as appears from the course of the rlvt-rs : but a small section sends otf its waters to the south-east. There are no mount^iins within the lindts of the State, yet numerous ranges of hills of moderate elevation give to the greater part of the surface an undi. nling and diversified characU-r; some of these eminences terminate abruptly upon a level plain, or upon the banks of a river, and bear the namf the Stale is known as East Mississippi, which really includes the south-east and part of tlie southerD sections. Though one of the oldest, it is one of the thinnest settled p.irts of the Stale. The character of the land is mixed — some po()r and some very rich: br.iken hills and fertile valleys. Cotton is produced, but to no great extent; com and small grain abundantly, and sometimes rice ; it is also famnus Tor its cattle. Indeed, the region possesses many of the pleasant characteristics of a pastoral counlrj-. The natural market of this section is Mobile, although a small portion of its trade is done at Jackson, and some of it seeks New Orleans by way of Pearl River. The portion of the State border- ing on the sea-shore, witJi its bathing, fish, oysters, and pleasant summer retreats, is well known to the dust-covered denizens of New Orleans, and is becoming to the South what Newp'^rt and Cape May are to the North. Back from tho sea-coast is generally a sandy, broken tract, covered by quantities of fine pine, which is now being worked off tho land for timber and naval stores. The south-west and country above it is the oldest settled portion of the State; the soil is rich, and the population wealthy. Commencing some oO miles below the mouth of the Yazoo Kiver, inclining to the interior fur about loo miles in a line gently circling northward up through the centre, then diverging to the north-west to a point l)elow Memphis, is to be found as nobje a sweep of country as any in the world. It is washed by the Mississippi from Memphis to Yicksburg. and is intersected by the Yazoo, its he^id waters and tributaries, throughout its greatesi extent. The facilities for market are unequaled. The Yazoo Kiver running through nearly its whole extent, is an excellent stream, affording steam navigation as high as the south-west comer of Marshall County. The soil is of a most productive character, being, as it is called, swamp land. It possesses all the strength of the prairie lands without their adiieeive and corrosive nature. This region has but recently ci^nie into cultivation, it having hitherto been cwisidcred damp atul unhealthy; but this idea experience has much modified. One drawback on these lands, however, is their liabitity to overflow ("mm freshets in the Mississippi FLiver. The section last spoken of embraces the counties (^ Yazoo, Sunflower, Washington, Bolivar, Coahoma, Tunica, Tallahatchie, and a portion of De Soto, Panola, Yallabusha, Carroll, and Unlmes, and is generally known as the region of the " Kiver Counties." [Several valuable articles on the topography etc., of Mississippi will be found in " De ISaw's Industrml Jiemnrces,'" etc., volume II.] Mississippi is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which in 1S50 were as follows: NOETHEBN JUSSlSSIPi'I— TWENTY- TUCEE COCNTEES, CounliM. Dwell Pop. Attala .1,481. .10,999. Bolivar . 95.. . 2,.'>77. Carroll .1,441.. .18.491. Chickasaw.. .1.647.. .16,.S6S. Choctaw . . . . .1,4"5.. ,19,1142. Coahoma . . . . 2(!0.. , 2.7S0. De Soto .1.641.. ,19,042, Itawamt)a... .1,855.. .13,628, Lafavelte . . . .1.382.. ,14,069, Lowndes .1.163.. ,19,544. Marshall . . . .2.3116.. ,29,G?9 Monroe .1,676.. .21,172. Counties. Dwell Pop. Adams, .. 900. . .18,622 AraitS .. 6ilO. .. 9,694 Claiborne . . . .. 659. , ,14,941 Clark .. 631. ,. 5,477 Copiah . .1,148. , .11,794 Covington.. .. 34S. ,, 3,-3.3S Fratiklin ... .. 44T. .. 5,904 Greene .. 217. ,. 2,018 Hancock . . . .. 493. .. 8,672 Harrison .. . . .. 727. .. 4,875 Hinds ..1,656. . .25,840 Holmes .. 995. .18,923 Issarpiona.. . 110. . 4,478 Jackson ... . 440. . 8.196. Jasper . C74. . 6,184, Jefferson... . 514. ,I3-,I93, Jones . 319. , 2,104, Kemper.... .1,249. .12,517, 4St Farias, in culL ..1,3.36. .. 57. . 980. .1,167. .1,1.32. . 101. .1,257. .1,499. . .1,044. . 725. .1,611. . 848, Farms in cult, .,136,. ...510. ...310. ..500., ..951.. ...272. ,..830, ... 93, ... 77. .. 84., .,853, ..640., .. 76.. ..213.. .,540,. ..239.. ..274.. ..780.. .16. .49. .44 Kosciusko . Bolivar .45 Carrollton .29 Houston .17 Greensboro* . Delta .38 Hernando .Fulton ,, Oxford ,63 Columbus .54 Holly Springs ,13 Athens BotrrnxBN inssissipri- "i'Tl: Capitiil.. Eittub, ' ..15 Natchez .. 1.... Liberty ..10.... Port Gibson .. 7 Quitman ..21.... Gallatin . . 8 Williamsbg. .. 5 Meadvillo .. LeakvUle ...11 Sliieldsboro* ..19 Mississip. C. .. 8 Jackson .Lexinarlon .Tallulah . Jackson C.H. .Paulding .Fayette .EUisville .DcKalb ConiitieE Dwell. Noxubee 957, Oktibbeha.,.. 7«. Panola 891. Poutotoc 2,001. Sunflower 75. Tallahatchie.. S6S. Tippah 3,6.55. Tishnmingo.. 3,201. Tunica 78. Winston 806. Yallabusha... 1,491, : — TniHTT.6IX C0t7>TTE9, Pop, In ...It. K.l»l,. rMpilnln. ,,16,299, ,. 676, ..81. . . Macon ,. 9,171. . 560, ..13.. .. Stark vilje ..11,444. . eis. .. 0.. ..Panola ..17,112. .1,248. ..32.. ..Pontotoc ,. 1,102. . 43. .. 0.. ..M-Nutt .. 4.6(3. , 282, .. 0.. ..Charleston ..20,741. ,1,890,. ..26.. . .llipley . .15,490. .1,347. ..16., . .Jacinto .. 1.314. . 41.. .. 0.. . . Austin .. 7,956. . S51.. ..18.. ..Louisville ..17,253. . 872.. ..32.. ..Coffeeville ..21. .. 0. .. 7 .. .. 1 Counties, Dwell. Lauderdale... 1,0118. Lawrence 613, Lcalie eST). Madi-sou 767, Marion 877, Neshoba 545. 536. 265. 698. 698. 432. Newton. Perrv... Pike.,,, Rankin Scott, . . Simpson 526, Smith 515, Warren 1,2;?0, Washington., 126, Wayne 281, Wilkinson... 730. Yazoo 935. Pop. ,. 8,717. . 6,478. . 5,5,33. ..18,173. . 4,410. . 4,728. . 4,465. . 2.4SS, . 7,,360. . 7,227, . 8,961. . 4,784. . 4,071. .18,121. . 8,389. . 2,893. .16,914, ,14,418. Fnrma Mannf. in cult. Kstab. ..922. ...81.. ..453. ...12.. ..437..:. 4.. ..552.... 10.. ..822,... 7.. ..436,... 0.. ..350.... 0.. ..1.31.... 0... ..558. ...19.., ..420.... 5.., ..267. ...14.., ..451.... 8... ..423.... 8.. ..435. ...25.. ..109.... 0.. ..162.... 0.. ..404. ...18.. ..464... .17.. Capitalf, ..Marion ,M>inticelIo , .Carthage , .Canton .Columbia .Philadelphia .Decatur .Augusta .Holmesville . Brandon .Hillsboro* .Wcstvillo .r.alcigh .Ticksl)urg . Greenville .Winchester .Woothillo .BenloQ MISSISSIPPI. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 51,G?I, of families 52,107, and of inhabitants 606,565, viz. : whites 295,7oS— males 15S.260, and females 139,-lOS. free colored SS9— males 473, and females 426 ; slaves 309,893. Of the whole piipulatiutt, there were (/''(ifund dumh — wh.Sl, fr. col. 1, si. 26— total lOS; blind — wh. ISn, fr. col. l,8l. 86 — total 217 : tJimnc—vih. 127. fr. col. 0, si. 22— total 149 ; and idlotic—wh. 141, fr. col. 5, si. 64— total 210. Tin- number of free persons born in the United Slates was 291,114 ; the number of foreign birth 4,9r)S, and of birth unknown 576 ; the native population originated as follows: Maine 139, X. Hamp. 100, Verm. 141. Mass. 339, U. I. 02, Cmm. 242, N. Yorfc 952, N. Jer. 221, Tenn. 9SI, Del. 67, Md. 791, Dist. of Col. 93, Virg:. 40,777, N. Car. 17,009, S. Car. 2,910, 0:1. 1,-J54, Flor. €7, Ala. 2,(167, Mi-ssimippi 140,SS.i, La. 2,.557. Tex. 139. Ark. 456, Tenn. 27,439, Ky. 3,948, Ohio 5ll4. Mieli. 101, Ind. 413, III. 311, Mo. 303, la. 7, Wise. 4. Calif. 1, Territories 5; and ih^. foreign population was compfised of pi-rsons from — England 503, Ireland 1,92S, Scotland 317, "Wales 1", Germany 1.0G4, France 440, Spain 49, Porlugal 2. Brl-ium 3, Holland 8, Italy 121, Austria 16, Swilzcrlaud 41. Russia 9, Denmark 24, Norway S, Sweden 14, Prussia 71. A-ia 2, Africa 6, British .\merica 79, Mexico 13, Central America 1, South America 4. West Indies 25, and iithcr countries 110. The following table will show the deceuuial progress of the population since the first census of the Slate, taken by the United Slates authorities in 130O: , ■ . , Total , ■ . :eii*ii9 wr.lie YH.ir. Pfr„.,i.. 1300 .... .... 5,179 1810 .... .... 23,03+ 18-20 .... .... 42,170 1S30 .... . ... 70,443 1^40 .... .... 171VI74 1S50 . . . . 293,75S Free. Slave. I'ltai, PoiiiOrtlion. Kutii'-Lnal. I'erceiiL 1S2 8,439 3,S71 8,3.50 — — 240 17.033 17,3-23 40,353 31.502 335.9 4.55 3-2.314 33,-27-3 75,413 S5,ogii SG.9 ... 519 On.C-jO Ce,173 130.021 01,173 81.9 ... 1..30(i 193.211 190,.')77 376,651 23',l,n30 173.1 ... S99 309,-593 . .' 310,797 606,535 230,904 61.4 The statistics of the wealth, iiulnstry, and institutions of the Stale, as exhibited by the seventh cens.ia uf the United StaU-s, talvun in 15.50, are as r..M.^ws: Occiipuyl Lanrh, etc. — Improved farm lands, 3,444,3.59 acres, and unimproved lands, 7,046,061 acres — valued together at ]f54, 733,634. Total number of farms untler cultivation Ist June, 1350, 33,960 ; in the Northern iJi.^tri(-t, 19,351 ; and in the Soulliern District, 14.109. Value of farming implements aiul machinery, $5,762,927. JJve-Stnrk. — Horses, 115.400: asses and mules, 54,547: mileh cows, 214.231: working o.xen, 83,435: other cattle, 4S6,2.54; sheep, 304.929; and swine, 1,532.734 — valued in the aggregate at $19,403,662. According to the census of 1340, there were in the Stale at that date, 1.09,227 hoi-ses, mulcB, etc. ; 623,197 neat cattle of all kinds ; 123,367 *heep ; and 1,001,209 sheep. /'/■(j,f;iobo/'^ltn'»in&.— -Wool. 559,619 (in 1840,17.5,196) pounds; butter, 4,-346,2S4 pounds : cheese, 21,191 pounds; and the \alue of animals slaughtered in the year was $3,636,582. The quantity of beeswax and honey produced was 397,460 pounds. Grain C;-op«.— Wheat, 137-990 bushels; rye, 9,606 bushels; Indian corn, 22.446,552 bushels; oats, 1,503,288 bushels; barley, 229 bushels, and buckwheat, 1.121 bushels. Tiie crops of the several grains, according to the census of 1840, were —wheat. 196,626 Inishels; rye, 11,444 bushels; Indian corn, 13,161,237 bushels; o.ats, 663,624 bushels ; barley, 1,6.54 bushels; and buckwhe.1t, 61 bushels. Otiier Fond Crops.— UXcfy, 2,719,856 bushels ; peas and beans, 1,072.757 : potatoes— Irish, 261.4S2, and sweet, 4,741,795 bushels. Tlie rice crop, according to the returns of 1340, amoimted to 777,195 pounds ; and the crop of poLatoes to 1,630,100 bushels. '' Jfiicettuiuoi/s Crops.— Tobacco, 49,960 (in 1840, 8-3.470) pounds; ginned cotton, 4S4,293 bales of 409 pounds (in l&IO, 193.4Jll.577 pounds); bay, 12.505 (in 1840,171) tons; clover-seed, 84 bushels; other gras-S-seed, 5.33 bushels; hops, 473 lyiimds; hemp — dew-rotted, 7 Ions, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 665 tons; tlax-seed, 26 bushels; silk eocooiis,2 pounds; sugar — maple, pounds, and cane, .333 hogsheads of 1,000 poun.Is ; molasses, 1S,-31S gallons ; wine, 4o7 gallons, etc. ; value of orchard products, $50.40.5, and of market-garden products, $46,230. The table annexed exhibits the absolute and relative ditferenee in the chief crops, as ascertained under the censuses of 1840 and 1850 ; Slnpl^a. I'ilO IS-'rf)- Movement "Wool 175,196 pounds 559.619 pounds iner. 834.423 p-iunds, or Indi.an Clom 13,1 01 .2-37 liushels 22.44«..5.52 bushels i)ic>: 9,235,315 bushels, or Eice 777,195 pounds 2,719.356 pounds incr. 1,942,661 pounds, or Tobacco 83.471 " 49,960 " (leer. 3:1,611 " or •Cotton 193,401,577 " 193,717.200 " inn: 31.5,623 " or Sng.-ir 77 •' 388,000 " iner. 837,923 " or 60:1, Thus it would .appear that of all the staples, except tobacco and cotton, the ratio of increase has been imme;tsur.ab1y .ihead of the ratio of the iucre&se of the population. Cotton has almost exactly kept iLs absolute stidus, which, in fact, is a rel.ative decline in Ihe production of the staple ; and if it bad increased in like prop<-)rlion with the population, the crop should have been about 322.350,000 pounils. This result in the crop of 1850 is accoimted for by the terrible inundati. .us of the Mississip- pi in 1849, and may in part be set down to drafting of labor to other fields ; tlte .lecline, however, is ni»t permanent. ITonu-mttiU Manu/iiclurim f..r llie year ending 1st June, 1850, w-ere valued at $1,164,020. The same denomination of mnimfactures in 18:39-40, .according to the census of the latter year, were valued at $632,94.5. J/iin«./-;i<-rtatinn of slaves is now prolnbitcd). No grand jury is necessary in tho prosecution o( slaves for crimes not capital. The JmUcidnj consists of a High Court of Errors and Appeals, a Superior Court of Chancery, District Chancery Courts, and District or Circuit Courts. The jurisdiction of the " High Court" is exclusively appellate. There are two terms each year atJacksim, conimeneing on the first Monday of January and November. The court may continue in session as long as business requires, ami may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time. The judges are also authorized to meet annually on the third Monday in June, in the town of Oxford, to receive the written, and hear the oral, arguments 4SS MISSISSIPPI. of causes from Ihe lliird poinIs the reporttT, and ha3 nboiishe Islund in ITOO, and after exjiloring the country along and beyond the Mississippi, the parlies returned and built a fort at liiloxi, at the mouth of the river of the same name, about 20 miles north of the island. OlhiT settlements were made on the Mississippi River, as New Orleans, Natchez, etc. Fort Eosalie, on the present site of Natchez, was surprised and cap- tured by the Natchez Indians in 1729, and great distress was also, at this time and for many years after, caused by the hostility of this tribe and the Chickasaws. The Choctaws were generally allies of the white settlers, and fought bravely by their side. These hostile tribes were subsequently brought to sue for peace under Bienville, and are now only known by the history their warlike opposition has made for them — not one remains to tell the story of their wmngs. The war bctwfen England and France, which forms so conspicuous a page in the history of the middle of the 18th century, ended in 1763, France relinquishing to Britain all her possessions east of the Mississippi, and to Spain all west of that river. Spain at Ihe same time gave up Florida to the British. In 1TS3 the country north of [he parallel of 3P north w;is included in the hmits of the United States by the treaty acknowledging the independence of the L'nion ; and the Flori-las reverted lo th.e Spanish crown. By its charter granted in 1732, Georgia extended westward to the Mississippi, and hence, though at thai period Mississippi was de facto a Freneh colony, yet, on its comiTig into the prissession of the English, it of course fell into the limits of the Georgia charter. These extensive territories were subsequently ceded to the tTnited States, both in sovereignty and ownership. In 1708, they were formed into a Territorial Government, which included also the present State of Alabama. In ISU, that portion of the country south of 31° was attached to the territory, having been wrested from Spain — because that nation could not take care of iL In 1S17, the territory was divided, the eastern portion forming a territory under the name of Alabama, and the western portion was erected into the Slate of Mississippi. The date of its admission into the Union as a State was the 1st March, 1S17. Jackson, on the west bank of Pearl Eiver, is the political capital of the State. Mississippi county, ArTc. Situate N. E., and contains 1,129 sq. m. Bounded E. by Ihe Mississippi, "W. by the St. Francis, and drained by "Whitewater river and its affluents. Surface low and swampy in many parts, with several large lakes. Soil very fertile, where capable of cultivation, and covered mostly with fine timber. Corn is the principal product. The most liazardous navigation of the Mississippi, and the first cotton plantations descending the river, are on the S. border. Farms 170; manuf 2; dwell. 2*^4. and pop.— wh. 1,496, fr, col. 7, el. 865— total 2,36S. Capital: Oceola. Mississippi county, JT/o. Situate 8. E., and contains 363 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by CjTiress and James bayous. Surface low and marshy, and In parts sul>jcet to inimdation : soil very fertile. Corn is the staple, and the crops are very large. Timber is abundant. Farms 27; manuf. 0; dwell. 443, and pop.— wh. 2,373, fr. col. 3, si. 746— total 3,122. Capital: Ohio City. Mississippi City, p. v.. and cap. Harrison eo., J/?.m. ; on Pascagoula Sound of the Gulf of Mexico, 67 m. K. N. E. New Orleans, .and 14-") m. S. E. Jackson. It contains the usual county buildings, and has some coasting trade. Mississippi river: an immense river of the United Stales, •which, whether we consider its great length, its vast tril)u- taries, the extent of country which it drains, and the distance j to which it is navittable. well deserves the title wliich the Indians give it of the " father of waters." The import in the Algonquin language of Mis^l Sept\ the name by which it is designated, is great river. II drains a country of over 1,000,000 square miles in extent, eminently fertile, and send- ing through it to its destined market a vast amount of pro- duce, and receivine: in return tlie productions of other parts of the world. Its extreme source was discovered by School- craft in July 13th, 1882, to be lUisra lake, in 47° 10' N. lat. and 94^ 54' W. long., at an elevalion of 1.500 feet above the ocean, and 3.160 miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico. Itasca lake, or Lac la Biche of the French, is a beautiful sheet of water, of an irregular shape, about S m. long, situated among hills covered with pine forests, and fed chiefly by sprinss. U lias its outlet to the N., which is al)out j JO or 12 feel wide, and from 12 to 18 inches deep, and flow- 490 ing northwardly, it passes through lakes IrWng and TraT- erse, and tiien turns eastwardly, and proceeding through several small lakes, it enters Lake Ca.ss. This lake is about 16 m. long, contains several islands, is about 3,000 m. from the Gulf of Mexico, at an elevation of 1.380 feet above the ocean, and 182 m. l)elow Lake Itasca, the source of the Mis- sissippi. It then flows E. to Lake Winnipec, and S. E. to Little Lake "Winnepec, below which it receives Leech lake fork, the outlet of a considerable body of water of a very irreirolar form, called Leech lake. This was formerly re- gardeil as the source of the Mississippi. The most northerly point obtained by the Mississippi is a little short of 48° N. lat. From the junction of Leech lake fork the river expands t^) 100 feet in width, and increase of depth, and flows with a mean current of H miles per hour, and a descent of 3 in. in a mile, through a low pniirie country eovend with wild rice, rushes, sword-grass, and other aquatic plants, and is the favorite resort of water-fowls and various amphibious quadrupeds. At the falls of Peekagama the first rocky stratum and the first wooded island is seen, at the distance of OS'S m. alHjve the falls of St. Anthony. At the fall of Peekagama the river etween this outlet on the E. and Atehafalaya on the W. is what is called the Deltaof the Mississippi. Between Ateha- falaya and New Orleans pass off, on the W. side, Plaque- mine, which joins the Atehafalaya, and La Fourehe, which pursues an independent course to the Gulf of Me.\ico. At the distance of 105 ra. below New Orleans by the course of the river, and 90 m. in a direct line, this maiestic river enters the Gulf of Mexico by several mouths, the principal of which are called the Balize or north-east pass, in 29° 7' 25" N. lat., and S9° 10' W. long., and the south-west pass ia 29° S' N. lat., and 89° 25' W. long. The dejdh of water on the bar at each of these passes is 12 feet, but much greater a little witliout and within the bar. M"st of the vessels enter and leave the river by the north-east pass. It might naturally be expected from the extent of country drained by the Mississippi that the spring floods would be great. From the mouth of the Missouri the flood commencea in March, and docs not subside before the last of May, at an average height of 15 feet. From the Missouri to the Ohio it rises 25 feet, and for a great distance below the Ohio it rises 50 feet. At every flood it overspreads the country, chiefly on its W. side, for 500 m. from its mouth, to the dis- tance of from 10 to 30 miles. From the falls of St. Anthony to the mouth of the Missouri it has a medial current of 2 m. an hour; and at every place, except at the rapids of the Bes Moines, it has a depth of water of not less than 4 feet at the lowest stages. Below the Missouri its depth is f;really increased, but its wiillh. except in the forests and swamps, when overflowed, is very little increased. To the mouth of the Ohio it has in the channel 6 feet of water at its lowest stages, and at the highest of 25 feet From the mouth of the Ohio to the SL Francis there are various shoal places, where at h w water pilots are often perplexed to And ft sufllcient depth of water. Below that point there is no difficulty for vessels of any draught, except to fln ning. Its general extent from north to south is 27S miles, but inclurling the narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi rivers 312 miles ; and greatest extent from east to west is 313 miles, and its least extent less than 200 miles ; and the area of its superficies is estimated at 67,3S0 square miles. The river Missouri separates this State into two parts, distinguished from each other by dissimilar geographical and geological features. South of that river, as far west as the Osage, the surface of the country is rolling, and gradually rises into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage, at some distance, commences a vast expanse of prairie land, wliich stretches away to the Rocky Mountains. The chief geological depeing limited on the south by the narrow strip of land above spoken of, lying south of the Missouri. The soils of this region arc chiefiy calcareous and arenaceous, the aluminous being limited in extent The calcareous, or those abounding in lime, which are prednminant. are fertile, particularly near tlio margins of rivera. Of this character are the lands in the western parts along the Missouri. The counties of Clay, Platte, and Buchanan can not readily be surpassed in productiveness, and the other western and interior counties are nearly equal in fertility. In the eastern part of this region arenaceous or sandy soil predominates. These lands, which are comparatively barren, are found on the southern flank of the prairies which have their origin in north Missouri, and extend to the head waters of the Mississippi River. The south-eastern part of the State, the surface of which was once capable of cultivation, became after the earthquakes of 1811-12 marshy. This district contains on estimate 1,517,257 acres, and extends south from the neighborhood of Cape Girardeau into the northern part of Arkansas, a distance, in Missouri alone, of lOS miles, and wcstwardly as far as the river SL Francis. The land is well located, as regards faciUties of transport, and is said to be as fertile its anv in ihn 492 t MISSOURI. valley; and as the greater portion can be reclaimed, it may be brought under cultivation at some future time. This Inundated tract is for the most part heavily timbered. Missouri is l)ounliriilIy supplied with navigable water courses, affording an easy access to every portion of the State, Omitting the Mississippi, wliich waslies the eastern l>oundary for 470 miles, the great river, and the one from wliieh ft derives its name, is Ih*-- Missouri. This river rises in the Kocky Mountains, not far from the head waters of tlie Columbia, 8,095 miles from its mouth. The last 400 or oOO miles of its course above lie within the limits of this Stale, The trough through wliich the river flows is from 4 to 5 mdes wide, and is bounded by rocky limestone hills, which rise to the height of from 100 io300 feet Nearly all the bottoms of the Missouri are on its north side, and ordinarily they are not subject to inundation. In this respect they differ widely from tliose of the Slississippi, which latter are of greater width and formed of a. less sandy soil, and are less easily percolated by water. The Missouri flows down an inclined plane, the upper strata of which are easily disintegrated, and the particles mingling with the rapid current, give a turbid appearance to its waters. The alluvial lands lying along its course are subject to be covered, during inundations, with drifting'sand; they are, however, occupied by a luxuriant vegetation both of trees and herbs. These bottoms are favorites with settlers, aud are capable of supporting a dense population. The river is navigable to its falls, 2,000 miles, but is rapid and can only be readily ascended by steam-power. Of the tributaries of the Missouri, the largest is the Osage River, which disembogues 120 miles from its mouth. At this point it is 400 yards wide, and is navigable for boats of light drall for about 200 mites at higli water. About the head waters of this stream are found the best cotton lands in the State. The Gasconade comes Into the Missouri east of the Osage, near the village of Hermann, and is important for the supplies of fine plank and tm]I)er it furnishes to the country below. The Maramec, a beautiful river, runs through the mineral region, and flows Into the Mississippi IS miles below St. Louis. Further south are the rivers St. Francis and "White, which pass into Arkansas after spreading numerous branches over the southern part of this State. Several tributaries of the Arkansas water the south-west section, but are not navigable. North of the Missouri are Salt and Copper rivers, which empty into the Mississippi; and the northern tributaries of the Missouri are the Grand and Chariton rivers, both navigable, and composed of numerous brauehes, which drain a large covmtry. Further west, and falhng also into the Missouri, are the Platte and Nodaway. Many of the rivers of Missouri are obstructed by.rafls and fallen trees, and more especially is this the case with the Grand, Osage, Salt, Maramec, and St. Francis; the navigation of these, however, will be improved at no distant period, or as soon as the wants and Interests of the people demand such improvements. Other rivers th.in tliose mentioned are of minor importance. The mineral region of Missouri occupies an area of about 18,000,000 acres. As early as 1713 it was described in a French chart as "au pays pleiu de mines." It extends from the head waters of the St. Francis to the Maramec Kiver, a dist;mre of about 70 mjle^ in length, and from the Mississippi in a south-westerly direction, about 60 miles. The elevation of the district above the sea level varies from 600 to 1,200 feet. The chmate is equable and salubrious, and the superin- cumbent soil moderately fertile. No one of the mining dislriets of Europe enjoys such facilities of supporting a largo population; and yet the llarz Mountains, with an area of 300,000 acres, sustains 60,000 inhabitants; the Erzgebirge, of Saxony, with about 1.300,000 acres, sustains 500,000 inhabitants; and Cornwall, with 760,000 acres, S.00,000 inhabitants. Populated as the Erzgebirge, in the ratio of one inhabitant to every three ai-res, the mineral region of Missouri would sustain 6,000,000 of souls, and probably the working members of such a population might find here employment for ages. Excepting gold and platina, most of the important and useful metals and ores are known to exist in Missouri. The following minerals, metallic and non-metallic, arranged here according to their intrinsic value, have been found within its limits — lead, iron, copper, cobalt, silver, nickel, zinc and calamine, manganese and wadd, coal, rock salt, barytus. sand auil quartz, carbonate and sulphate of lime, alumine anng ^^^ "144 feet high. Its whole top is a solid mass of iron, and one sees nothing Init iron lumps as far as the eye can reach. The ore yields 60 per cent, of pig, and is deemed a most superior m.-tal. Pilot Knob is 1,500 feet high. Dr. Feuchtwanger estimates the quantity of pig u"on embedded in tliese mountains alone at 600,000,000 of tons, enough to sujiply the world for more than a century-. The mines of Elba, of Sweden, or of Norway, together, do not contain an amount equal to this. The mines of copper are chiefly found in the south and west portions of the mineral region, but exist in other parts. The ore is of every variety and usually very rich. It is found in combination with lead and iron, frequently witli manganese, cobalt, and nickel, and occasionally with silver. It is generally pyritous, but oxydes and carbonates are frequently found. The ores a])pear as a cement uniting angular frag- ments of lime rock forming a breccia, and much of it is easily removed by a pickaxe alone. As a general thing the yield is about S4 per cent, of metal. Hitherto mining for copper has been little attended to, but it is now probable that operations will be commenced on a large scale, and as the indications of extensive lodes have been traced for miles, this product is destined to be one of the most valuable of the State ; indeed, the coi)per mines of Missouri are said to be more valuable' than even those of Lake Superior, The several metals found in eond)ination with the above, namely, silver, zinc, manganese, cobalt, nickel, etc., give an additional value to the mines, and ;is tin has been found near Caledonia, it may be said of Missouri, that no other State or country is richer in metallic wealth, or has better prospects of future pros- perity. The substantial wealth of England and Belgium is drawn from their mine^, but neither of these countries can compare in any one respect with this State. Minenils of the non-met'tllic kinds are everywhere as abundant as could be desired. The carboniferous limcstono formaiion, on which St. Louis is built, and which extends thmiighout the northern division of the State, forms a beautiful and compact building material. Sandstones are abundant, but coarse and looso in texture. The whito sandstone of SL 493 MISSOURI. Genevieve makes superior glass. PorpliyrifS. suset'jtlible of a liij;h polish, are numerous in Southern Missouri, and afe V'ell fitted for arcliileelural and ornamental uses. Sieuite is aiso Ibund, and marbles of various textures e.vist in several couulics. Gypsum has been discovered in .Jaclison County ; and in caverns near the Maramec, Current, and Gasconade, saltpetre exists in vast quantities. Sulphate of baryta, or heavy spar, is found in the lead dijsginjjs. Tlie northern coal measures of Missouri are continuous with those of Illinois; it is in geUL-ral called bituminous coaL At Cote sans Dessein, however, it assumes the form of cannel. It has been discovered at several distinct points in Cole and Callaway counties, and as high as forty miles upon the Osage. Some of its layers are of great thickness, and on di»- lillation it yields excellent coke and a gas that burns with a bright and copious flame; and being destitute of sulphur, it is well adapted to furnaces and manufacturing purposes. A great variety of clays, useful for economical purposes, .are found in different parts. The subsoil of the region around St. Louis, abountling as it does in oxyde of iron and alumina, makes brick of a handsome red tint and smooth te-xture ; it is fitted, too, for the manufacture of pottery. Variegated clays are found in the same vicinity. Kaolin, Or porcelain clay, and pipe clays have been discovered near Caleilonia and Cape Girardeau, and delft-ware is manufactured in St. Louis from clays obtained near Commerce, in Scott County. Except on the prairies, Missouri is well timbered. The river bottoms, in particular, are covered with a luxuriant growth of oak, elm, ash, hickory, cotton-wood, and black ;ind white walnut. In the more barren districts are found wliite and pin oak, and sometimes forests of yellow pine. Many of the trees and shrubs met with dilTcr from (hose found in the same latitude in Ohio. The crab-apjilc. pawpaw, and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. Tiirec wild species of grape-vine are common throughout the country. The prairies are clothed in the proper season with numerous varieties of flowers, and with a coarse, tall grass, which, either green or cured, is excellent fodder for cattle. - The general capacity of the country for agricutlure is unsurpasscl, and every kind of grain and esculent vegetable, with ■flax and hemp, find in one part or another a congenial soil ami climate. Tobacco is also a staple production; and table fruits, as the apple, pear, peach, nectarine, etc., grow in prolusion. As a grazing country, Missouri is one of the best ; the prairies are excellent natural pastures, and the business of rearing cattle is almi'st reduced to the simple operation of turn- ing them upon these prairies and letting them fatten until the owner thinks proper to claim the tribute of their hides and other products. Hogs are also raised with great ease in the forests. Missouri is divided into 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: Counties. Dwell. Adair 383. Andrew 1,377. Atchison 291. Audrian 493. Barry 6«. Bales 620. Benton 7S9. Boone 1,924. Buchanan 2,030. Builer 205. Caldwell 858. Callow.ay 1.612 Camden 360. Cape Girarileau 2,103. Carroll 770. Cass 9.33. Cedar 661. Chariton 1,096. Clarke 806. Clay 1.352. Clinlon .560. Cole 9S4. Cooper 1,717. Crawford 994. Dade 659. Dallas 597. Daviess 734. DeKalb 338. Dodge 57. Dunklin 215. Franklin. 1,925. Gasconade 950. Gentry 70S. Greene 2,046. Grundy 477. Harrison 8S7. Henry 561. Hickory 364. Holt 614. Howard 1.64T. Jackson 1,719. Jasper. 664. Jefferson 1,119. Johnson 1,030. 491 Pop. . 2.342. , 9,483. 1,648. 3,506. 3,467. 8,669. 5.015. 14,979. 12,975. 1,616. 2.316. .13,827. . 2..38S. .13,912. . 6,441. . 6,1 190. . 8.301. . 7,514. . 6,527. .10,332. . 8,7S6. . 6.696. .12,9.50. . 6,-397. . 4.246. . 8,648. . 5,293. . 2,075. . 853. . 1,229. .11,021. . 4.996. . 4248. .12,785. . 8.006. . 2,447. . 4.052. . 2,329. . 8.9.57. .13,969. .14,000. 4.223. 6,928. 7,404. Farms Maniif. lilt. . 326.. . 873.. . 188.. . 41?.. 8S9.. . 472.. . .510.. .1,376.. ,1,253.. . 143.. 2.32.. 1.169.. 214.. 1,019.. 333.. 129.. 347.. 6.59.. , 425.. .944.. . 334.. . 633.'. ,1,064.. , 715.. . 567.. 861.. 342.. . 229.. 49.. 76.. 1,096.. , 5.33.. . 444.. 1,28;3. . , 265.. . 141.. 385.. 190.. .31 6. . ,1,105.. 9.S6.. , 403.. , 704.. i50.. K,i,a,. "^'Pi'"''- 5..Kirksville 33..Savanniih 5.. Linden 10.. Mexico 2..M'Donald CBatesville 10.. "Warsaw 21. .Columbia S9.. Sparta O..Cano Creek . 7.. Kingston 38.. Fulton O..Erie 81 . ..Tackson 15. .Carrollton 19. . IlarrisoTU iUc 7. .Fremont 24. .KeytesviUe 12.. Waterloo 42.. Liberty O..Plattsburg 28. ..JeffkksonCity 79. .Boonevillo 9..Steelsvillo 13..r,reeullcld 3.. Buffalo 8.. Gallatin L.Maysville 0.. Butler 2..Chillitecaux 82. .Newport IG.. Hermann 0.. Athens 50. .Springfield 5.. Trenton 0.. Bethany 11.. CI in ton 6. .Hermitage 5.. Oregon 85.. Fayette 78. .Independence 8. .Carthage 12..Hillsboro' 2S..Warrcn8burg Ctiiinties. Dwell, Kno.x 427 La Clcdo 885 Lafayette 1,459. Lawrence 743. Lewis 905. Lincoln 1,239. Linn 625. Livingston 658. Macon 1,079. M'Donald 371. Madison 873 Marion 1,595. Mercer 412. Miller 592. Mississippi 443. Moniteau 901 . Monroe 1,296. Montgomery 754. Morgan 754. New M.adrid.... 762. Newton 653. Nodaway 325. Oregon 252 Osage 1,032 Ozark 861 Perry 1,111. Pettis 714. Pike 1.671. Platte 2,490. Polk 907. Pulaski 630. Putnam 265. E.alls 777. Uandoiph 1,157. Pay 1,467. P.eynolds 293. Pipley 445 SU Charles 1,6-33 SI. Clair 531 St. Frangois 704 St. Genevieve .. S14, Sl.l.-iuisCounlyI3,4.30, Saline 950, Schuyler 539 Pop. .. 2,894. . 2,493. .13,690. . 4,359. . 6,678. . 9,421. . 4,058. . 4,«7. . 6,565. . 2,286. .. 6,003. .12,230. . 2,691. . 3.834. . 3,123. . 6,004. .10,541. . 5.4S9. . 4,650. . 6,541. . 4,268. . 2,118. . 1,4.32. . 6,704. . 2,294. . 7,216, 5,160. .13.609. .16.545., . 6,136. . 3,993. . 1.657. . 6.151. . 9.489. .10,373. . 1,849. . 2.830. .11,4.54. .. 8,666. . 4,964. . 5,313. 104.978. . 8,313. . 3,287. FKTmrt Maniil. ^„„.,.,,. in cult. E.tab C«p,ul.. . 303. . 7 .Edina . 233. 2 .Wiota . 895. 67 .Lexington . 410. 5. .Mount Vernon . 448. 15 .Monticello . 849. . 10 .Troy . 429. 0. .Linneus . 457. 2. . Chillicolhe . 711. 8 .Bloomington . 826. 42. . Uulledge . 515. 19 . Fredericktown . 810. 76. .Palmvra . 273. 3 . Princeton . 369. 0. .Tuscumbia . 271. 0. .Ohio City . 761. 15 ■ California . 926. 21. . Paris . 6ii7. 16 . Danville . 455. 12. .Versailles . 407. 30. .New Madrid . 293. 11. .Neosho . 241. 3. .Nodaway . 180. 8. Tliomasville . 711. 9. .Linn . 253. 5. .llockbridge . 743. -35. . Perry viUe , 800. 16. . Georgetown . 989. 47. .Bowling Grcon 1,651.. 64. Plalte City . 543. 6. .U.ilivar . 471. 8. . Wavriesville . 202. 0. .Pulnamville . 541. 18. .New London . 993. 47. . Ilunlsville . 8.33. 30. . Uichmond 145.. 0. Leslerville . 2.58. 7. .Doniphan .1.035. 83. .81. Charles . 827. 6. . Oseola . 4.37. 11. .Farinington . 425. 16. .St. Genevieve 1,294.1,409 .SLLouUClty . 687. 8. Marshall . 440. 6. .Lancaster MISSOURI. Coiintieg. Dwell. Pop. Sc.tlaiid S8S.. 8.7S2.. Scott 800..«3.1S2.. Shannon 204.. 1,199.. SlR-ll.y 032.. 4,253.. StoilAirJ 719.. 4,271.. Sullivan 467.. 2,983.. Farms Manuf in cull. E8Iab. 3.S4.. 20S.. 162.. 397.. 418.. *317.. rspitals. 6.. .Memphis 9. ..Benron 0. . .Em nence 14...0:ikilale 2...BloomflL'ld 5. . .Milan Counties. Taney Texas Warren Wasliington . Wayne Dwell. . 680.. . 394. . 899. .1.291. . 099. Wrisrbt Ml. Pop. 4,373. 2,312. 5.800. 8.811. 4..'il8. 3,387. Farms Manuf. in cult. Estab. Capitals, 509.. 232.. 744.. 713.. 478.. 371.. Forsyth Houston Warrenton . Polosi .Greenville .Vlarlsvillo The whole number of dwellings in the State w-ts. at the above date, 96.849: of families. 1110,890; and or inhabilants, 682.114:5*; viz., whiles 592,077— males 312,936, and femali-s 279,091 : fr. eol. 2.544— males 1,338. and females 1,206, and si. 87.422. Of the whole population there were, chi'lf urn! rfmofc- wh. 244, fr. col. II. si. 15— t'lUil 2.59 ; hlintl—wh. ISO, fr. col. 3, .•si. 25— toUal 211 ; ;iM«?j*^\vh. 271, fr. col. 2, si. 9— total 282; and «/i«;•; 277.604, la. 1,366, Wise. 123. Territories 80; and the foreign populatiim w.as composed of persons from- ICnsland 5,379, Ireland 14.734, Seolland 1,IU9, Wales 176, Germany 44.352, France 2,1:;S, Spain 46, Portugal 11, Belc'ium ."is, Holland 189, Turkey 7, Italy 124, Austria 71, Swilzerland 084, Russia 29, Denmark 5.5, Norway 15.5, Sweden B7, Prussia 697, Sardinia 1, Asia's, Africa 7, British America 1,053, Me.vico 94, Central America 0, South America 20, West Indies 60, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 954. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by tho United States authorities : Colnrej I'eraona. Decennial Increase. Cen.^us White , . ■ s Tc.tal ,— • — , years. I'prsons. Frre. .= lave, T.it.tl, Popi.l.itjon. Numerical. Percent. ISIO 17,227 607 S.Oll 3.918 20,845 — — 1S20 56,081 283 10,222 10,505 66,586 45.741 219.6 18.30 114,.808 661 25,091 25,6152 140,465 78,809 110.9 1S40 823,838 1,574 58,240 59,814 SS:!,702 243,247 173.2 1S60 592,078 2,544 87,423 89,960 6>2,044 29S,;M2 77.8 The statistics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited by the census of 1850, and other official documents rel'orriug to the same period of time, are as follows : Occupied Lends, fte.— Improved farm lands, 2,924,091 acre.'), and attached lands unimproved, 6,767,937 acres— valued together in cash at $63,057,482. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 64,458. Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,965,946. Zire-siock-.—llnrses. 223,593; asses and mule.?, 41,508; milch cows, 22S,.553; working oxen, 111.2CS; other cattle, 445,016 ; sheep, 750,309; and swine, 1,092,043- valued in the aggregate at $19,766,851. In 1840, according to tho census of that year, there were in the State: 196,032 horses, mules, etc; 433,875 neat catUe of all kinds; 348,018 sheep; and 1,271,101 swine. Products of Animah.—ViatA, 1,615,860 pounds; buller, 7,792,499 pounds; theese, 202,123 pounds; and the cash value of animals slaughtered during the year amounted to $3,319,517. The production of sUk cocoons was 186 pounds ; and the quantity of beeswax and honey obtained was 1,327,812 pounds. Grain C/0/J.S.— Wheat, 2,906.928 bushels: rye. 44,112 bushels; Indian com, 36,069,543 bushels; oats, 6,24:),476 bushels; barley, 9,631 bushels ; and buckwheat, 23,590 bushels. The crops of Ihese cereals, according to the census of 1840, were : wheal, 1,037,386 bushels: rye, 68,068 bushels; Indian corn, 17,332,524 bushels; oats, 2,234,947 bushels; barley, 9,801 buslielB; and buckwheat. 15,318 bushels, OtlM- Food Crops.— Vmh, 700 pounds; peas and beans, 45,974 bushels: and poUatoes— Irish, 934,627 bushels, and sweet, 3.32.120 bushels. The potato crop reported in the census of 1840 was 783.768 bushels. MiscdluiKous Ccops.— Tobacco, 17.100,884 pounds: bay. 116,743 tons: clover-seed, 615 bushels; other grass-seed, 4,33T bushels: hops, 3,130 pounds: hemp— dew-rotled 17.207 tons, and waler-rolted 5.:351 tons; flax, 530,008 pounds: fla.v-3ced, 18,041 bushels ; maple sugar, 178,750 pounds ; molasses, 5.036 gallons ; wine, 10.563 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $512,527. and of market-garden products $99,464. In the census of 1840 the production of cotton is noted at 121.122 pounds— this crop is not noticed in the census of 1860. Tho following table will exhibit the increase of live-stock, and of the principal crops in the decade ending 1 st .June, 1850 : staples. latO. Wheat 1,087..3S6 bushels Indian corn 17,3.32,.524 " Oata 2.2.34.947 " Tobacco 9,067,913 pounds Hemp, dew-rotled "1 '■ water-rolled I 18,010} tons Flax J Neat Cattle 43.3.875 heads Swine 1,271.161 " Sheep ■ 848,013 " Wool 562,265 pounds In. 1,929,542 bushels, or 18S.0 per cent 18,737.019 " or 103.1 " 3,0I18,.529 " or 131.6 " 8,032.971 pounds, or 88.6 " 10,705,743 or 26.5 ISSO, . 2,966,928 bushels . . 36.0fi9..543 . 6.2l:;,476 " . 17.100,884 pounds . 17,20" tons 5..351 520.1)08 pounds 786.4:?6 heads . 1,692,043 " 7.W.3(l9 " . 1.616.S0O pounds —furnishing resuRs indicative of the more rapid development of the agricultural interests of the State, than the ratio of increa.se in the populaiion would warrant; and these results are the more .astonishing, when the increase of mining and mamifacturing interests, which have been relatively extensive, are taken into consideration. 8.51 ,.561 heads, or 81.0 420.832 " or 83.1 4ll'!,29I " or 117.3 1,063,595 pounds, or 187.4 ' A census of Miasou , taken under Slate authority, fur 1862, gave tl.e populaUon at 721, 667-634,904 whiles, 2,526 fr, col., and 87.207 slavca. 495 * MISSOURI. Home-made mamifattures for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $1,603,016. The same class of gooda made in 1339-40, were valued at $1,119,5+4 i(/(i)»//uc(«re«.— Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etiv, consumed in the year, $0,000,000; average number of hands employed 00,000— nuiles 00,000, and females 0,000; average monthly aist of labor $O00.iX)O— male $000,000, and female $00,000; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, $0,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishmenis in the Slate producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the above date, %vas 3,030, and of these two were cotton factories, one a woolen factory, l9 iron manufactories — G of castings, 5 of pig iron, and 1 of wrought Iron, and US were tanneries. Nearly one-half the total number of establishments are in and about Ht. Louis, where almost every trade and handierafl has gained a footing, while in the interior counties the manufactories consist of the kinds usually found in agricultural and mming countries. The total capital invested in manu- factories in lo40 was $2,704,405. The coUun manufactures employ a capit.il of $103,000, and consume annually 2,160 bales of cottojl, and 1,653 tons of coal, valued at $S6.446 ; employ 150 hands— males 75, and females SO ; monthly cost of labor, $1,620 ; products, 13,260 bales of batting, and value of entire products, $142,900. In the wool-en manufacture $20,000 are invested ; 30,000 pounds of wool is used annually ; total value of raw material, ftiel, etc., $16,1)00 ; hands employed 25—15 males and 10 fcinalos, at a monthly cost amounting to $515 ; products of the year, 12,000 yards of clotli, and 6,000 pairs of blankets, valucil in the whole at $56,000. The iron manufactures are stated, in the census of 1S50, as follows : Cipltdl In- Value of Raw Average H.inde Moiitlily Cost Product. Vjllue of Annual MnnuhKtiirea. vested. aialeruil, etc Eniiilnyed, oi Labor, Tons. ProducU). Pig iron $619,000 $97,307 8:14 $3,112 19,250 $344,000 Cast iron 187,000 133,114 297 5,880 6,200 836,495 ■Wroughtiron 43,100 a4,609 101 8,030 968 63,700 In ISIO there were 80 men employed in the manufacture of iron, and the capital invested in all iron manufactories nmounted only to $79,000, and hence the increase has been nearly 1,000 per cent, in the 10 subsequent years. Tlie l*:ad m ines have been comparatively deserted for the past few years, on aecotmt of the miners having gone to Cali- fornia, and other circumst;mees. The receipts of lead at St. Louis alone, in 1S50, was 568,800 pigs of 70 pounds, being a decrease of 210,169 pigs from the receipts of 1S47. Of the receipts at other ports on the Missouri there are no accessible reports. In tannei'ifs the capital invested amounts to $228,095 ; value of hides and skins used, $247,956 ; hands employed, 417; monthly cost of labor, $8,847; sides of leather produced, 241,334, and skins tanned, 44,403 ; value of products, $406,214. Foreign Commerce. — Missouri, from its inland position, can never enjoy any large share of direct commerce with foreign nations. The U. 9. Treasury reports, except for the year 1844, have not mentioned e.\ports being made directly, and for that year they were v.alued at $293,901 ; but for many years imports, increasing in value year by year, are entered at the ports. In 1850 the imports were valued at $359,643. The value of imports in a series of years, commencing with 1833, were as follows : in 1833, $5,881 ; in 1336, $8,227 ; in 18:33, $15,921 ; in 1340, $10,600 ; in 1341, $33,375 ; in 1842, $31.137 ; In 1844, $120,678; in 1845, .$544,291; in 1846, $73,569; in 1847, $167,195; in 1848, $148,500; in 1349, $130,882; in 1850, $359,04;'. The shipping owned in the district, of which 9t. Louis is the port of entry, amnnage of 1,353 tons, were built in the district. IHwr avd Internal Trwl^^, — Missouri, if shut out from foreign commerce, has a river and internal trade, which fully compensates its disadvantages. The Mississippi River forms its great external highway, and tlie Missouri Elver, with its wide-spreading affluents, gives it access to the interior. On these rivers an immense trade is constantly being carried on. St. Louis being the great recei\ing and distributing depOt of tlie Slate. It would be ahnost impossible to estimate the extent or value of this commerce. In 1351 of steamboats alone 2.641 arrived at St. Louis, and of these 800 were from New Orleans, 401 from ports on the Ohio River, 034 from the Illinois River, 0.39 from the Upper Mississippi, 801 from the Missouri Kiver, 43 from the Cumberland T.ivcr, 119 from Cairo, and 175 from otlter ports. Tliese bring,aud take away the material of a v,ast trade, and give to St. Louis all the advantages that port could have if near the sea- board. But bcsi,le these, barges and lieei boats navigate all the waters, and perhaps transport an equal amount of merchandise with the steamboats. Tlie whole tonnage entered in the year above named was 683,140 tons. Inteaker of the House ; but a new election shall be had after three months' notice, unless the vacancy occur within 18 mouliis of the end of the term . The principal administrative officers of the State are the Secretary of State, who is also Superintendent of Public Schools, the Auditor of Accounts, the State Treasurer, the Attorney-general, the Register of Lands, the Adjutant-general, Quarter- ' master-general, and Surveyor-general, and the President and Cashier of the Bank of the State. The judiviary consists of a Supreme Court and Circuit Courts, County Courts, Justices' Courts, etc. The supreTue courf has appellate jurisdiction only. The three judges of this court are elected for six years by the qualified voters of the State, and are re-eligible at the expiration of the term. Two sessions are held annually, one at Jefferson City, and one at St. Louis. The attorney-general is ex-o^cio reporter of the decisions of the Court. A circuit ooriH is held twice a year in each county ; its jurisdiction extends to all matters of cost and contract over $00, where the demand is liquidated, and over $50, where the agreement is parole ; and it has exclusive criminal jurisdiction, and a supervision over the county- courts and justices of the peace, subject to the correction of the supreme court. The judges of the circuit court are elected by the qualified voters of their respective circuits, and for the term of sLx years. The jurisdiction of the county courts is limited to matters of probate and local county affairs, as roads, etc. A county court sits in each county, and is composed of three justices, who are elected by the people, and hold their offices for four years. Appeal lies to the circuit cnurL The county court of SL Louis County Is composed of seven justices. In addition to the circuit and county courts, St. Louis has a Court of Common Pleas, with jurisdiction very similar to the circuit c/)urt ; a Criminal Court ; a distinct Courtof Probate, which relieves the county court from probate duties ; and a Recorder's Court. The judges of the circuit and criminal court are elected in the same manner and for the same term as the circuit juilges. There is also a distinct Court of Common Pleas for the city of Hannibal. These are local tribunals, exercising jurisdiction only in their counties, except the Recorder's Court of SI. Louis, the jurisdiction of which is confined to small offenses, and within the city limits. From the Court of Common Pleas and the Criminal Court appeal lies to the Supreme Court, and the judges of the Com- mon Pleas are appointed like the circuit judges, with like tenures. Tho probate ju-lgc is elected .by the people of the county for four years, and the recorder by the people of the city of St, Louis for two years. Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the General ^Vsscmbly, and shall be published twelve months before the general election ; and if at the first session thereatter they are confirmed by a vote of two-thirds of the members, they become a part of the constitntion. The militia forc£ of the State, according to the Army Register for 1S50, consists of 61,000 men of all arms, of which 3.919 are commissioned offieers, and 57,0S1 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the com- missioned officers 45 are general officers. 94 general staff officers, 790 fleM officers, etc., and 2,900 company officers. The Statf. institutions for the relief of the unfortunate, are the Lunatic Asylum at Fulton, completer! in 1S5-2, and which In that year received twenty-three patients ; and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the same place, and yet completed but partially, which had seventeen inmates. At St. Louis there are several benevolent institutions, hospitals, etc., which in part are supported by the State. Stat^ Finance.% Th'U, eft?.— The receipts into the Treasury for the two years ending SOth September, 1S50, amounted to $7S7,08S 71, to which must be added balance from the biennial period 1S47-4S of $405,404 00— making a total means of $1,192,493 61. Expenditures in 1549-50, $532,555 82, leaving a balance of $659,907 79, of which sum $509,036 19 be- longs to the revenue fund. The State debt, exclusive of the surplus revenue deposited with the State, was $922,261, which was the exact amount of Slate bonds sold and outstanding. Of these bonds, $34,000 have been redeemed and cancelled during the year. The sinking fund, at the date of report, amounted to $9,394 7S, and had claims to $3,497 54, dividends not re-invested ; and the State owns bank stock in the Bank of Missouri, amounting to $954,205 22, as follows : Of the seminary fund, $100,000; of the State school fund, $575,667 96; of the sinking fund, $6,273 66; and in its own right, $272,263 60 ; but the bank claims a due from the State for money advanced and interest, $124,026 47. The value of all property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in 1S50, amounted, according to the State reports, to $98,595,463 — but as truly estimated by the census of the same year, to $187,247,707. Federal Representation.— Xn accv^rdance with the act apportioning representation, passed on the 23d May, 1350, Mifl- eouri sends serew representatives to the Congress of the United Stales. 82 49T MISSOURI. Educatkm. — The public education is under the charge of the Secretary of State, who is ex-tyffit'io supL-rintendent of common schools. The principal of the common school fund amounts to $575,007 96, and has been loaned on bonJ to the State lank, which pays interest on the amount semi-annually. The proceeds of this are distributed among the counties • cording to the number of children reported, and this proportion is distributed among teachers therein. There IS also a seminary fund, amounting to $100,000. Private schools and academies are established throughout the State ; anft besides these there are sL\ collegiate establishments: the Missouri University, the University of St. Louis, SL Vtncent's College, the Masonic CoUegej SL Charles College, and Fayette College. The statistics of these several establishmenta in 1S50, were as follows: Names. Location. Foiimled. University of Missouri Columbia 1S40 . . University of St. Louis (1^. Cath.) .... St. Louis 1S3'2 . . St. Vincent's College (11. Cath.) Cape Girardeau 1&43 . , Masonic College New Palmyra Is31 , . Profess ori .... 12 .. .... IT .. .... 10 .. .... 5.. Sludenta. 45 . 20 . 75 , Alumni, Lilirnries. ,.. 26 1,800 , . . 25 12,000 ... S5 :.. 5,500 ... 13 2.S50 , . . 1" *900 St. Charles Colk-ge (Meth.) St. Charles 1S37 4 ... Fayette College Fayelte. — 2 . . , There are medical departments attached to both universitiea ; and besides the above, there are several theolngicaj sem- inaries in the Stale. Libraries. — One State library, 4,G37 volumes ; two social, 5,799 volumes; five college, 18,465 volumes; fiv Students', 1,605 volumes ; one academic or professional, 500 volumes ; one scientific and historical, 300 volumes ; four public school, 6,200 volumes— total, 19 libraries, 37,506 volumes. Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Missouri in 1850 was 74, circulating at each issue 60,000 copies, or annually 4,C75,6S0 copies. Of this number 16 were whig in politics, 17 democratic, and 41 neutral, or papers devoted to religious, literary, scientific subjects, etc., including all the characters of which is not named in the returns ; and of the whole number 7 were published daily, issuing 10,S00 copies, or 1,220,400 annually ; 3 tri-wcekly, 1,200 copies, or annually 187,200 copies; 3 semi-weekly, 2,200 copies, or annually 228,800 copies; 51 weekly. 56,140 copies, or annually 2,919,280 copies; and 7 monthly, 10,000 copies, or annually 120,000 copies. The dailies are all pul)Iished at St Louis— the " Times," the " Intelligencer," the " Organ and Reveille," the " Republican," the " Union," and two G-erraan papers ; the trv-iceeklies at St. Louis, and are editions of llie dailies, the " Times," the " Republican," and the " Union" ; the semi-iceeJcUe$ at St Louis, Independence, and Boonville ; the ■iceeklie-'i — 12 at St. Louis, 5 of which are editions of the dailies, 1 at Warsaw, 1 at Columbia, 2 at Sparta, 1 at Fulton, I at Jackson, 2 at Cape Girardeau, 1 at Brunswick, 1 at Liberty, 2 at Jefferson City, 2 at Boonville, 1 at Union, 1 at Hermann, 2 at Springfield, 2 at Fayette, 2 at Glasgow, 1 at Independence, 2 at Lexington, 1 at Bloomingt<^n, 1 at Palmyra, 2 at Hannibal, 1 at New Madrid. 2 at Louisiana, 2 at HVeston, 2 at SL Genevieve, 1 at St. Charles, 1 at Oseola, 1 at Paris, 1 at Mouticello, and 1 at ChiUicothe ; and the Jiwjithlies, 1 at Hermann, the " Licht Freund." a German rationalist advocate, and 6 at St. Louis, the " Valley Farmer," the " St. Louis Probe," the " Insurance Reporter,'' the " Western Journal," the ■' Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet'* lieli^ioiLS Denomination^,— IhQ statistics of the several religious denominations in the State for the year 1850, according to the census, were as follows : Denomiaa- No. of Cbiircli Value of Benomina- No. of Church Value of Cliurch Value ol tions. Cburclies. accom. Property. tions. Cburcbea. accom. Property. tiona. Clmrclie* aecom. Property. BapUsl 273 . J1,S57 . . J154.4S0 Germ'nEef. — . — . $ - R. Catholic . 64 .. 26,102 .. $404,575 Christian... 51 . 19,870 . 43,210 Jewish .... 1 .. 400 .. 7,000 Swedenb'g . — . — .. — Cnngregafl. — .. — . — Luther-au . . 21 . . 7,260 . 84,560 Tunker — . — .. — Dutch Ecf.. — .. — . — Mennonite. 1 . 200 . 420 Union 11 . 2.850 . . 6,200 Episcopal.. 10 .. 4,200 . 185,600 Methodist.. 200 .. 5-,.350 . 230,243 Unitarian . . 2 . . 2,100 .. 70.1100 Free 13 . . 2,8.50 . 4,400 Moravian.. — .. .-_ UniversaUst 1 .. 250.. 600 Friends — .. — . — Prcsbytcr'n. 103 . . 41,750 .. 285,970 Minor Sects. 17 .. 5,600 .. 41,480 — making a total of 773 churches, ha\ing accommodation for 241,139 persons, and valued at $1,558,590. Missouri oonsti- tutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of St Louis, in the ecclesiastical province of the same name. Historical Sketch. — Hernando de Soto may be said to have been the first European that beheld the river Mississippi, called by him (April, 1541) on its discovery the Rio Grande. Crossing this stream, probably some 30 miles below Helena, in the Slate of Arkansas, he traversed at the head of his adventurous band a goodly portion of the territory beyond. He is thought by some, but without sufBcient reason, to have come during his march into the present limits of Missouri. The Mississippi was first explored in 1673 by JoHet and M.irquette, a^d more fully in 1082 by La Salle, and by the latter all the region between the so-called Illinois country and the Gulf uf Mexico was culled Louisiana, and declared to lie an appen- dage of France. From this time settlements began to be made in the valley, advancing from its northern and southern extremities into the interior. Canada had long (from lG08)been inhabited by colonists from France; but not till the begin- ning of the eighteenth century was the region bordering on the Gulf alike distinguished. Natchez was selUed in 1700, Npw Orleans in 1718, and within a few years the whole territory was prolecti-d from Spanish invasion by a chain of forts extending from the lakes to the Gulf. Among these was l>uilt in 1719 Fort Orleans, near the mouth of the Osage, not far from the present capital of the State. In legal proceedings the region, now known as Missouri, was included by Hie French and Spanish in the Illinois country, but popularly and historically it was denominated Upper Louisiana. The State of Arkansas was included in the same division. Situated in the central part of the valley, the progress of Missouri was not rapid. Its Iea6t for the fur-trade, had increased in population to SOO, and St. Genevieve contained 460 inliab- itanls. At this time the American Revolution was commencing, and Spain, siding with the English colonists, entered into hostilities against England. In Lower Louisiana and Florida the arms of Spain were sueci-ssful. Meanwhile, 3*. Louis was attacked (17S0) by a body of English and Indians, 1,540 strong, from Michilimackinac and the southern extremity of Lake Michigan. During the siege, which lasted a week, about 60 persons were killed in the town and vicinity, and it is impossible to tell to what extent the enemy might have gone, had not the timely arrival of General Clarke from Kas- ka.-kia turned the tide of fortune in favor of the settlers. The general peace of 17S3 put an eml to hostilities. Spain re- tained her previous possessions, ami received, in addition, the whole of Florida, of which she had been deprived 20 years before. Great Britain resigned East Louisiana, called aJso the Illinois country, to the United States, retaining only her northern possesions. Emisration into Spanish Louisiana began once more on the re-storation of peace, and trade and agriculture to flourish. The hardy settlers of the western part of the United States now built their cabins in numerous places on the west side of the Mississippi. As might have been expected, difliculties soon arose between Spain and the Union. Tlie foreign power be- came jealous of the increasing greatness of the latter. A dispute relative to the navigation of the Mississippi was settled by treaty (20th Oct., 1795), by which Spain granted to the United States free navigation of that river. But Spain never aotcd faithfully in this matter, and tlirew obstacles in the way of Americans navigating thalstream. War, indeed, seemed inevit- able, and was only pre\'ent€d by the cession of Louisiana to France, on the '21st March, ISOl, aad its disposal by that power to the United Stales on the SOtfa April, 1803. At the time of this last cession, the province contained 49,500 inhal)- itants, of whom 6,02S were living in Upper Louisiana, The products of its .agriculture in 1302 had been chiefly cotton and sugar — of the former 20,000 bales, and of the latter 5,000 hogsheads.. The commerce of New Orleans had become extensive ; its exports coming from the province and the westt-rn States and territory, and consisting chiefly of flour, pork, salt beef, tobacco, cotton, sugar, molasses, peltries, naval stores, etc., amounted to 40,000 tons. The commerce of Upper Louif^ana was flourishing, and a prosperous trade was already carried on between St, Louis and New Orleans, and with the settlements on the Ohio. Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers. The annual crop was about SS,00O minots (264,000 bushels) of wheat, 84,000 minots of Indian c Louis; its districLs, St. Charles, St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, New Madrid, and Arkansas. In 1S12, on the admission of the present State of Louisiana into the Union, the name of this territory was changeii to "Missouri Territorj'.*' The territory extended from latitude 33° to 41° north, and the government became representative. The flrst governor under the new government was William Clarke. The legis- lature consisted of a council of 9 members appointed by the President, and a Iloitse of Representatives, one member fur every 500 free white males, elected by the pcple. The limits of the Territor>- on the west were gradually extended by treaties with the Indians. People from Ihe western States began to move in from the time of the purchase, soth^t in ISIO the population numbered 20,S45, of whom all but about 1.500 belonging to Arkansas were settled within the present limits of the State of Missouri. The French settlements were now overrun by Americans from Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, etc., and Americnn habits, usages, laws, and institutions soon became prevalent. The original settlers were quickly merged aud almost lost among the later and more active population, until at length the whole became a homogeneous people. Immigration was so rapiil, that in 1?17 the territory contained 60,000 souls. St. Louis counted at this time 5,000 inhabitants against 1,000 in 1S04. It had already become the emporium of the Upper Mississippi. In 1517, application was made by the Assembly to Congress for authority to frame a Slate constiluiion preliminary to admission into the Union. A fierce and stormy debate arose at once on the subject in Congress. A powerful party demanded that the new States should exclude slavery by their constitutions. The discitssion raged for two years, threatening to tear the Union asunder; at length, however, the debate was stopped by the passage of the compromise resolutions of Mr. Clay, by which it was agreed that the institution of slaver\' should be recognized in Missouri, but in no other new State north of latitude 36° SO'. The Slate constitution, somewhat modified since its adoption., was framed by a convention of forty itelegatea, which met at SL Louis on the 12ih June, 1^20, and adopted on the 19th Juiy fi>llo\ving The new State was found, by a census taken the same year, to contain a population (»f 66.5SG, of whom 10.222 were slaves. From this time until the present there has flowed a constant tide of immigration from the soutiiem, western, and northern States, and from Europe ; Rgriculture and commerce have more than kept pace with the increase, and mining and manufactures, though not made prominent industrial pursuits, have been gradually developed. Few other Stales, indeed, can boast of so rapid a devel- opnx'tit of the material resou^es it may possess, which, though in a great measure due to the facilities afforded by the country itself, yet much must be accorded to the enterprise of iis hardy, intelligent, and industrious inhabitants. jHFFHitsoN CiTT, OD Uic south bank of the Missouri River, 143 miles from its mouth, is the political capital of Ihe State. Mtssotrm, p. v., Pike co., Ala. : 44 m. S. E. Monlgomery. MissoLT.T river: a large river of the United States, rises in the Rocky mountains, and takes this name after the union of three branches, denominated Jefferson, Gallatin, and Madison, in 45° 10' N. lat. and 110° W. long. The springs which give rise to the Missouri are not more than a mile distant from some of the head waters of the Columbia, which flows W. into the Pacific ocean. At the distance of 411 m, from the extreme point of the naviiration of its head Rocky Mountains." which present a view exceedingly grand. For the distance of 51 m. the rocks rise perpendicu- larly from the margin of the river to the height of 1,200 feeL The river is compressed to the width of 150 yards, and for the first 3 m. there is only one spot, and that only of a few yards, on which a man could stand, between the water and the perpendicular ascent of the mountain. At the distance of 110 m. below this, and 521 m. from its source, are the Great Falls, 2,575 m. above its entrance into the Mississippi. branches, are what are denominated the •■ Gates of the | The river descends, by a succession of rapids and falls, 357 499 ma MOB. feet io about 16i m. The lower and greatest fall has a per- pendicular pitch of 87 feet; the second of 19 fet-t; the third of 47 feet; the fourth of 26 feet. Between and beluw these falls are continual rapids of from 8 to 18 feet descenU These falls, next to those of Niagara, are the grandest on the con- tinent. The course of the river above those falls is northerly. The Yellowstone river, 800 yards wide at its mouth, proba- bly the largest tributary of the Missouri, enters it on the S. W. side, 1,216 m. from its navigable source, and about f,8S0 m. from its mouth. This river, at the place of junction, is as large as the Missouri. Steamboats ascend to this place, and could go farther by each branch. Chiennc river, 400 yards wide at its nioulh, enters the Missouri on the 8. W. Hide, 1,310 m. from its mouth, in 44= 20' N. laU White river, 800 yards wide, enters it on the S. W. side, 1,130 m. (Tom its mouth. Big Sioux river, 110 yards wide, enters it 853 m. from its mouth, in 42° 48' N. lat., on the N. E. side. Platte river, COO yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, 6lK) m. from its mouth, in 40° 60' N. lat. Kauzas river, 2.38 yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 390 5' N. lat., at tho distance of 340 m. from its mouth. Grand river enters it on the N. E. side, 240 miles from its mouth, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine river, 70 yards wide, enters it 200 miles from its mouth. Osage river, 397 yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 38° 81' N. lat., 133 m. from its mouth. Gasconade river enters it on the S. W. side, in 38° 45' N. lat., 100 m. from its mouth. Tho Missouri enters Mississippi river 3,096 m. from its source, which, added to 1,233 m., the distance to the Gulf of Mexico, makes its whole length 4,849 m., and it is probably the long- est river in the world; Through its whole course there is no substantial obstruction of the navigation before arrivmg at the Great Falls. Distances navigable by steam on Missouri river and its principal branches : Miles. MiMOuri 1,600 Gasconade 66 Osage 275 Ch.iriton 60 The alluvial fertile soil on this stream and its tributaries is not very broad, and back of this are prairies of vast extent. Through the greater part of its course the Missouri is a rapid and turbid stream, and in the upper part of its course Bows through an arid and sterile country. It is over half a mile wide at its mouth, and through a greater part of its course it is wider. Notwithstanding it drains such an ex- tensive ci.untry, and receives so many large tributaries, at certain seasons it is shallow, hardly affording sufficient water for steamboat navigation, owing to its passing through a dry and open country, and being subject to extensive evaporation. MissotinrroN, p. T., St. Charles CO., Mn. : on the N. "SV. bank of Missouri r., 77 m. E. Jefferson City. Mitchell county, la. Situate E. on N. line, and con- tains 4:32 sq. m. Drained by heads of Cedar river, a branch of the Iowa. Unorganized. Mitchell, p. o., Sheboygan CO., Wise. ; 77 m. N.E.Madison. MiTCUKLls, p. o., Walker county, T-x. : 133 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Mitchell's MniB, p. o., Indiana Co., Penn. : 12S m. W. by N. Harrtsburg. Mitchell's Peak, Alleghany CO., K Car. This peak enjoj-s the reputation of being the highest summit on the E. side of tho Rocky mountains. It derives its name from Professor Mitchell, of Cincinnati, who determined its alti- tude to be more than 250 feet higher than Mount W-ashing- ton, in New Hampshire. Its height is 0,720 feet. Mitchell's Salt Woeks, p. o., Jefferson Co., Ohu>. : 124 m. E. N. E. Columbus. MiTomtLLSYiLLE, p. T., Eobertson co., Tenn. : SS m. N. by E. Nashville; on the lino of the proposed 14. E. between Louisville and Nashville. 600 • Milea. Grand 90 Kanzas 150 Platte 40 TeUowstone 300 MiTOHELLsviLLE, p. 0., Boonc CO., Sy. .■ 53 m. N. by E Frankfort. Mu^EBViLLE, p. o., Franlilin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. MixTows, p. 0., Tioga county, rmn. : 101 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Mobile county, Ala. Situate S. W. comer, and contiiius 1,316 sq. m. It has the Gulf of Mexico on the S., Mobile bay and river on the E., and a few small streams flowing into them. Surface mostly level, with some hills in the N., and covered largely with pine forests ; soil of very moderate fertihty, producing small crops of com and potatoes, and furnishing pasture for cattle in considerable numbers. Tho important interest of tho county is commerce, which is of immense extent, as it has the transportation of most of the products of a back country, comprising the largest and best part of the State. Farms 2-19 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 3,027, and pop.— wh. 17,306, fr. col. 938, si. 9,356— total 27,600. Capital : Mobile. Public Works : MobUe and Ohio E.R., etc Mobile, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile Co., Ala. ; on the W. bank Mobile river, just above its entrance into Mobile bay, 163 m. S. W. Montgomery. Lat, 80O41'4S"N., and long. 87° 59' 04" W. The site is but very little elevated above the water, but sufficiently so for all purposes of con- venient drainage. The sod is dry and sandy. Immediately opposite the city, on tlie E., is a large low island, covered with high grass and rushes, and known as ''the marsh;" above on the N. is a large swamp, extending along the banks «f the r. ; and back of the city on the N. W., W. and 3., the dry sandy pine hills commence, affording delightful and healthy retreats from the heat, sickness, and annoyances of the city during the summer; and here have sprung up the pleasant villages of Toulminville, Spring IliU, Cottage Hill, SummerviUe, and Fulton. South from the city, the shores of the bay are dotted for man^' miles with elegant residences, and these spots have been usually exempt from epidemic diseases. Tho city is not compactly built, except in the portions occupied by the commercial and business houses. Tho streets generally are wide, and run mostly north and south, and Ciist and west. Much attention has been paid of late years to planting shade trees along the pavements, and the comfort and probably the health of the place has been much improved thereby. Tho prevailing winds during the winter months are the N. and N. E. ; from the middle of April Cat which time the warm spring weather begins), the 3. winds, cool, refreshing, and laden with moisture, make the heat quite bearable, and these, being alst) the prevailing summer winds, even in that hot season, negative in a great measure tho climatic extreme. The climate, however, is warm and relaxing to the energies, and even in tlie winter months is trying to the constitution, from the many and sudden changes that occur. During the coldest weather the ground is but seldom frozen. Most rain falls in Decem- ber, January, June, and July. No system of underground drainage has ever been at- tempted at Mobile; the light, porous character of the soil answering the same purpose, and making the streets dry immediately .after the heaviest fall of rain. The city is suj)- plied with good wholesome w^er through the water-works Ihim a stream some few miles distant The sanitary condition of Mobile has greatly improved of late years; for a long period it enjoyed the unenviable reputation of being a very unhealthy place, and the devas- tating ejiidemics of 1819-25-29-37-S9, and '43, in truth g.ave a coloring to the accusation. Since the last-named year there has been no severe visitation of sickness, which may be accounted for in some measure by the fact, that the wet, muddy morasses that until then had occupied the northern part of the city have been filled in, and their places are now tho sites of large cotton presses and warehouses. The deaths in 1349-.50 numbered only 611, or one to every 33i living. A better sistem of drainage has also been adopted, aud MOB MOH more exertion has been used in cleansing and purifying the streets Uian heretofore. Mobile contains the county court-house, several tjnitod States courts, the municipal courts, the city hall, a jail, and other public buildings ; a splendid Koman Catholic cathedral, numerous churches of various denominations, ho.spiIals, scljools, markets, a theatre and circus, several first-class hotels, etc. The hospitals — the United Slatiis Marine Hos- pital and the City Hospital — are large and commodious buildings, each capable of accommodating from 250 to 300 patients ; and there are other charitable institutions worthy of notice, among which stand pre-eminent the Catholic and Protestant Orphan Asylums, the Benevolent Society, which, among otiier functions, has charge of destitute widows, and the Samaritan Society. A blind asylum has also been founded, and an asylum for the deaf and dumb provided for. There are three cemeteries belonging to the city. Mobile was originally a Spanish settlement, and at a later period a portion of Louisiana. It was surrendered to the AraericaTis in 1S13. In 1814 it was chartered as a town, and in 1S19 became a city. In 1814 the total valuation of prop- erty in ihe town was only $350,950; in 1819, $764,510; in 1824, $1,107,500; in 1S29, $2,719,148 ; in 1S34, .$6.756,025 ; in 1S39, $24,480,315; in 1844, $18,098,877 ; in 1849, $12,629,700 ; and in 1850, $11,935,790. The population of the city in 1S30 was3,194; in 1S40, 12,672 ; and in 1S50, 20,513. The comm-ercial staUstics of the city will be found under the head of Alabama. Mobile is the only sea-port of the Sta.te open to foreign commerce, and from this point is shipped the great bulk of the cotton of Eastern Mississippi and Western Alabama, The total quantity shipped for the year ending 81st August, 1852, was 575,104 bale«, or one- sixth of all the cotton produced in the Union. Of this amount 307,513 bales were sent to England, 95.917 to France, and 27,048 to other foreign States; and 144,626 coastwise to domestic ports. Staves, lumber, and naval stores, are also shipped in large quantities. There are two commercial banks in the city— the Bank of Mobile and the Southern Bank of Alabama. The Planters' and Merchants' Bank has lately closL'd its business. Mobile has four newspapers — the "Alah.ima Tribune" (indep.), daily ; the '• M. Advertisor" (whig), daily and semi-weekly ; the " Register and Journal" (dcm.), daily and weekly; and the "Alabama Planter" (agric). weekly. The local trade of Mobile is very extens- ive and valuable. The Mobile and Ohio R. P. will connect the city with the whole north-west; the Girard and Mobile E. U. will connect it with the Atlantic ports, and a railroad to Madisonville will connect it with New Orleans. None of these are built except a portion of the first named. As a commercial mart of the Gulf, Mobile is second only to New Orleans in its facilities and available position. Immense rivers cxjnncct it with an extensive and highly productive interior, and a fine bay gives it access to the sea. Mobile Bay sets up from the Gulf, and is 80 m. long, and on an average 12 m. broad : it communicates with the Gulf by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin Island. The strait on the "W. side will not admit of vessels of more than 5 feet draft ; but that on the E. side, between the islan.l and Mobile Point, has 13 feet water, the channel passing within a few yards of the poi?it. There is a bar across the bay near its upper end, which has only eleven feet water. Mobile river, which falls into the bay immediately below the city, is formed by the junction of the Alabama and Tom- bigbee rivers 50 m. above the city. A few miles below the junction it divides int(> several channels. The main \V. channel is called Mobile, and the main E. channel, which is the deepest and widest, is called Ihe Tensaw. It is navigable for vessels drawing less than six feet water by the Tombig- bec branch to SU Stephen's, and by the Alabama branch to Claiborne. In times of flood it sometimes rises 50 or 60 feet. The entrance to the harbor is defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a long, low, sandy point, at the mouth of the bay, ao m. below the city, opposite to Dauphin Island. Mobile bay, Alu.: sets up from the Gulf of Mexico, with which it conununicates by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin Island. Tlie strait on the E. side, between the island and Mobile Point, has IS feet water, while the one on the W. has only 5 feet. The channel pas-ses within a short distance of the point. The bar at the upper i:^nt\ haa only 11 feet water un it. Mobile City issituatc at the head of the bay. MoBiLEriTer, vI/(/.. ; the great river of the State, is formed by the junction of the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 miles above Mobile bay; a few miles below the junction, it gives out a large branch, called the Tensaw, which also receives an arm from the Alabama, and reaches Mobile Bay below BlaUely, and at the city of Mobile. It is navigable as far up as St. Stephen's, 93 miles, on the Tombigbee, for vessels drawingO feet of water, and steamboats of moderate nurden ; to Tuscaloosa, on the eastern branch, 3<)() miles, and to Co- lumbus, in Mississippi, an the Western branch ; its length is about 450 miles. Its tributaries are inconsiderable com- pared with its great length: the Buttahatchee, Sipsey, and Okanoxubee, are the principal. The Alabama, or eastern branch of the Mobile, is navigable lo Claiborne, 100 miles from the bay, by the same class of vessels that go up to St. Stephen's, and for smaller steamboats about 800 niilea by the windings of the stream. The two branches unite in hit. 310 06' N., and long. IP 05' W. In times of flood it sometimes rises from 50 to 60 feet. Mob Jack bay, \1rg. : an arm of Chesapeake Bay, makes up between Mathews and Gloucester. The Gloucester court- house is at the head of the bay. MouLEY Pond, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : on a small cr., flowing into the Savannah river, 104 m. E. Milledgeville. MocKViLLE, p. v., and cap. Davie co., N. Oir.: In3 m. W. Kaleigh, and contains the county court-house and other public buildings. MoOENA, p. o., Ulster co.. K. Y. : 73 m. 3. S. W. Aliiany. M<»nicsT Town, p. v., Accomack county, Yirg,: 102 m. E. by N. Richmond, and 2 m. from the Atlantic coast. It contains about 60 inhabitants. Moi'RELL's Point, p. o., Coles co., Rl.: S5 m. E. by S. Springfield. Moi'fett's Store, p. o., Columbia co., N. Y. : 23 m. S. E. Alliany. Moffettsville, p. v., Amlcrson dist., S. Car.: near Ihe Savannah r., 101 m. W, by N. Columbia. Moiitit's Mills, p. o., Pandnljth co., Al Ca/'. : 73 m. W. Raleigh. MociAOORK, p. 0., Summit county, Ohio : US m. N. E. Columbus. Mohawk, p. v., Herkimer co., A^ K ; on the S. side of Ihe Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal. 95 m. from Albany. The Mohawk Valley Bank is situate here. The v. contains several stores and workshops, and about 600 inhabitants.. The "Mohawk Times" (free soil), is is^ . sued weekly. MouAWK river, JV! Y. : the principal tributary of the Hudson r., rises in the S. part of Lewis co., flows S. to Rome, where, turning to the S. E., it continues that course, and en- ters the Hudson r. by .several mouths at Waterford, 8 or 10 m. above Alb.any. It receives West Canada cr. from the N. and Selioharie cr. from the S. There are several rapi.fe and two large falls in its course. At Ijttle Falls it desoenda over a stony bed, and through a remarkable gorge in the moun- tain, 42 feet in the course of a mile. At Cohoes Falls. 2 m. from its mouth, it has a perpendicular descent of 70 feet, a slinrt distance below which there is a bridge across the river. The Erie Canal passes along its S. bank, nearly through its whole course, in consequenoe of which the channel is little used for navigation. The banks of the river are very fertile —its whole length is 135 m. Along the banks of the river there are a number of populous and thriving villnires and wealthy cities. The great wheat district of the State com- mences in the valley of the Mohawk above Little F.ills. 501 MOH MoiiAWK Vallkt, p. o., CosUoclon co., Ohio : 07 m. N. E. Columbus. MouEGAN, sta., New London Co., Conn. : on the lino of Uic Now London, 'WiUimanUi', nnd Palmer li. U., 9 m. N. New London, and on the W. bunk of Thames r., 8S m. S. E. ILirlford. MomoAN, t. and p. o., Ashland co,, Ohio : M to. N. N. E. Columliii8. Drahied by a branch of Walhondiiig r. Sur- face rolling; soilforlilo and productive. Jcvomcsvillo and Mcchanii'SviUu are names of villages in the L Population of 1 1,T76. MouKSviixE, p. o. nnd stn., Berks co., Penn.: on the lino of U>e Philadelphia and Heading K. K., (B m. N. W. Phila- delphia. Tlie Windsir iron furnace located licro has an annual capacity of 1,200 tons. MoniA, t. and p. v., Franklin Co., JV. 1'. ; 15T m. N. N.W. Albany. Drained by branches of Salmon and SI. P.c^is rivers. Surlacc even ; soil fertile. The Northern (Ogdens- burj!) K. i:. crosses ihc t., on which ia the sta., 4T m. E. of Ogdeusburg. Pop. of 1. 1,!540. MoLAiL.i, p. 0., Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter. : about 29 tn. N. E. Salem. MouNE. p. v., P.ock Island Co., III.: on Uie E. side of the Mississippi, 5 m. above Kock Islmid City, 127 m. N. N. W. Springtleld. It lies opposite the head of Kiick Island, where there is excellent water-power, is cxtcusiTcly engaged in mnimfacturing and niilFing, and has about 1,000 inhabiumts. MouNO, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 68 m. S. by E. Nashville. MoLiNo, p. 0., Tippah CO., MisK. : 188 m. N. E. Jackson. Moi.mo, p. o., Kandolph co., Ala.-: S-2 m. N. E. .Tacksou. MoLixo Dr.i. Key, p. o., Arkiin.«as co., Ark. : 10 m. \V. of While r., CO m. S. E. by E. Little Hock. MoLLiuoKN, p. o., Newberry disU, S. Viir. Moi-LTOWN, p. 0., Berks county, I'enn.: DO m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. MoLiTNKUs river. Me. : rises near the E. line of Penob- scot CO. and empties into the MaUiwaiukeag, about 10 m. E. of its S. entrance into the PenobscoU Its course is S. S. E., and p.osscs through a densely timbered region about 50 m., affording great water-power. Mo-MESKE, p. v.. Will CO., lU. : on the right bank of Kan- kakee r., lU m. N. E. Springfield. MoNADsooK mountain, Cheshire eo., A^. Jlamp. : lies be- tween the towns of JaftYey and Dublin, 10 ni. N. of the S. Une of the Suite, and extends N. and S. about 5 m. ami E. and W. about 8 m. The highest peak, called Grand Monadnock, is 3,71S feet above the ocean level, and com- mands a view of the country around it for f)0 m. on every side. The summit is bare rook, but the prospect is one of remarkable beauty. At its base is a mineral spring, and lar"e quaulities of plumbago are found on the E. side. MoNAOAN, p. o., St. Clair co., J/o. : on a branch of Osage r so called, 102 m. W. S. W. Jcllerson City. MoNeiiES, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 55 ra. E. by N. Madison. MoNCLOVA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio : 114 m. N. by W. Columbus. MoNEFK, >- o., Winneshiek co., Ia. : 103 m. N. by W. Iowa City. , . _ MoKBY Cresk, p. 0., M'Lean co.. 111.: on a branch of Mackinaw cr., 60 m. N. N..E. Springnehl. MoNUAUP, p. o., Sullivan CO., X T.: 92 m- S. W. by S. Albany. MoNOicp Vallet, p. o., Sullivan county, JV. i.: SO m. 8. W. bv 8. Albany. MosooQUiNONO, p. T., La Grange Co., Iml.: on the N. side of Pigeon r., 137 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. A plank- road eonnecla it with the Michigan Southern K. R. MoNisTiiiuE river, Schoolcraft w.,J)lich.: rises near the S. shore of Lake Superior, and empties into the N. end of Lake Michigan, after draining with its numerous braiichos Iho E. h^lf of Schoolcraft co., and receiving from the W. the 501 MOK waters of Monistique lake, a largo sheet of water ou its S. border. Moniteau county. Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 889 sq. m. Drained by Moniteau cr. ami Slniight and South forks of Morcau cr., allliu-nls of the Missouri, which forms its N. E. boumlary. Surface uneven ; soil mostly for. tile, and adapted for grazing. ' Corn is the stjiple cereal. Wheat ami tobacco are successful crops, cattle are reared in largo numbers, and pork is a considerable expt>rl. It hits good mill streams, plenty of timber, and some iron ore. Eanns 761 ; manuf 15 ; dwell. 901, and pop.— wh. 5,434, ft. col. 4, si. 500— total 6,004. CapiUil : California. Moxk's Cokneks, p. o., Charleston district, S. Car.: on Cooper cr., near its head, SI m. S. E. Columbia. Monk's Stoke, p. o., Sampson co., N. Cor. : 44 m. S. S. E. Kaleigh. Mc;nkton, L and p. o., Addison CO., Verm. : 20 m. W. Montpelier. Drained by Lewis cr. and Hs branches, on which are several mills. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. It is a fine grazing t., exporting live-stock, wool, and dairy produce. In the S. superior iron ore nnd porcelain clay aro extensively dug. Pop. 1,246. MoNKToN Mills, p. v., Baltimore co.. Mil. : on Groat Ounpowder Falls, 84 m. N. by W. Annapolis. It is on the Baltimore and Susquehanna I!. K., 22 m. N. Baltimore, and contains large flouring mills. Monmoutu county. A'. Jer. Situate E. middle, and eon- t:uns 61S sq. m. Itaritan nnd New York hays bound it N., the Atlantic E., an.l it is drained by small streams flowing into them and the Delaware. Surface generally level, with tlie Highlands of Navesink in the N. ; soil of marine for- mation, witli parts too sandy for tillage ; but abundance of marl, by the application of which and good cullivutlon, it is mostly very productive. Corn, rye, jiotatocs, whent, buckwheat, and oats are all good crops. It h.TS some excel- lent dairies, ami cx-ports beef, wool, ami pork. Iron ore and nnirl are extensively found, and pine timber abounds in parts. Its water-power is considerable and inannfaelure's various, principally lumber, liquors, iron, iron-ware, leather, woolens, and cordage. Earms 2.014: manuf. 214; dwell. 6,155, and pop.— wh. 27,927, ft. col. 2,811, si. 75— total 80,813 Caj/iUil : Kreehold. Monmouth, p. v., and cap. Warren co.. III. : about S m. S. of Cedar fork of Henderson's r., 91 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. It has a flue situation foi: trade in farming products, with limestone and coal abundant in the vicinity, and conljuns a court-house and jail, a high school, and U> or 20 stores. The " M. Atlas'' (indcp.) is published here weekly Monmouth, p. v., Adams co., In inhabitants. MoNoxcjAi.iA county, Vtrff. Situate N. W.. and contains SOS sq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Chtat rivers. Surface elevated and broken; soil very fertile, with excel- lent pastures. Com, wheat, and oals are the staples, and usually large crops. Fine dairies, large numbers of callle, and very large flocks of sheep arc supported on the grazing land, and wool is a valuable export. The county abounds in iron ore and bituminous coal, and manufactures iron, flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors. Farms 727 ; manuf. 57; dwell. 2,124, and pop.— wh. 12,092, fr. coL 119, el. 176 — total 12,8ST. Capital: Morgantown. Public Works-: Baltimore and Ohio E. E. MosoQUET, p, v., Kosciusko CO., Ind. : about 2 m. W. of Tippecanoe r., 123 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. MoNEOB county, -4/a. Situate 9. W., and contains 1,063 sq. m. Bounded "W. by the Alabama, and drained by its aniuenta, Little r. and Flat and Limestone creeks. Surface mostly level or slightly uneven; soil of average fertility, with some very productive land on the streams, near which are also marshes adapted to rice-growing. Cotton is the staple and corn the leading cereal. Farms 692 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 1,005. and pop.— wh. 5,648, fr. col. 40, si. 6,325— total 12,013. Cdpital : Claiborne. MoNBOE county, Ark. Situate E. middle, and contains 1,059 sq. ra. Drained by White r.. Cache r., and Lick cr. Surface level, and in parts low and swampy; soil fertile. Corn and cotton are tlie chief crops, and the produce not large. Pork is exported and cattle are reared in small num- bers. It has excellent a-^jh and cypress timber. Farms 133 ; manuf. ; dwell. 310, and pop.— wh. 1,052, fr. col. 2, al. 395— totid 2.049. Citpital : Lawrencevilie. MoNROK county, Flor. Situate S., and contains about 2,050 sq. m, Caloosahatchee r. bounds it N., and it has but few streams, all which flow into the Gulf. Surface low and mostly swamps, densely covered wilh pine, cyj)ress, cedar, and magnolia trues of great size. The main land is scarcely settled by whites. The islands known as the Florida Keys are comprised in its limit.s. The principal business of the inha!)itants is assisting wrecked vessels, which are often lost on the dangerous reefs around them. Farms fi ; manuf. 1 1 ; dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 2,0S6, fr, coL 126, sL 431— total 2,&43. CapUal: Key West MoNiiOE county, Ga. Sit\iatc W. centrally, and contains 422 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ocmulgce and drained by lis branches. Surface pleasantly diversified; soil very fer- tile. Cotton is the staple, and a very large amount is raised. Com is the chief grain, and wheat a very successful crop, but cotton commands the inoat atUmtion. Farms 740; manuf. 2; dwell. 1,194, and pop.— wh. 6,Sin, fr. col. 15. si. 10,170-totiil 16.93.5. Capital: Forsyth. PuhUc Works: Macon and Western E. E. MoNitoB county, ///. Situate S. W., and contains 414 aq. m. Drained by Fountain cr. of the Mississippi, which is its W. boundary, and Richland and Horse creeks of the Kaskaskia. Surface level, broken only by the bluffs along the Mississippi, and muchof it prairie; soil of fjreat fertility ; the celel^ratcd '-American Bottom" lies between the idufis and the Mississippi, which is wooded near the river, and back is prairie of inexhaustible fertility. Corn is the chief crop. Wheal grows well, and the rearing of cattle and the fatten- ing of pork is much attended to. It lies opposite the great lead region of Missouri, and lead, copper, and iron arc found in the W. part Farms 8T4; manuf. 33; dwell. 1,421, and population— wh. 7,633, fr. coL 4«— total 7,679. Cdjntitl: UarrisonviJIeL MoNKOE county, Ind. Situate 8. W. centrally, and con tains 420 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Clear, and Bean Blossom creeks. Surface mosHy uneven, rolling near the centr*^, and originally heavily limbered ; soils excellent ; in the bottoms very rich. Com and wheat are the staples, and pork acon- 8ideral)Ie exporL It has good water-power, and extensive manufactories of iron, flour, woolens, and leather. Iron uro is abundant, and salt springs are found. Farms 1,2-30; manuf. 40; dwell. I.S92. ami pop.— wh. 11,259, fr. col. 27— total 11,286. Cdjrit'U: Bloorainglon. Public Hi'/'Xr.f ; New Albany and Salem K. E. Monroe county, /— total 10,541. Capiiy Marsh r., a liraneli of the Penobscot. • Surface varied ; soli fertile of grain and grass, and well tim- bered. Wool aad lumber are exported. Pop. 1,606. Monroe, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Ma.ss. : on the N. line of the State, 101 m.W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Dcerfield river. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil adapted to gra2ing, which is the chief business. Pop, 254. Monroe, t., p. city, and cap. Monroe co., Jfich. : on Lake Erie, 87 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Eaisin r. and small creeks flowing into the lake. Surface mostly level; soil sandy, and fertile of grass and grain. Building stone and sulphur springs are found. The city is on the river, 2| m. above its mouth, and has superior facilities for manufactures and commerce, the river affording great water-power and communication with the lake ports and eastern markets. It contains a court-house, jail, several elegant churches, an academy, numerous flnu ring-mills, and manufactories of various kinds, and 2,S09 inhabitants. Three papers are pub- lished — two weeklies, the " M. Commercial," and "Free Citizen,'' and a literary monthly, the "Seminary Waifs." This city is an important point in the great thoroughfare of travel and transportation between the E. and W., being the E. terminus of the Michigan Southern E. E., which here connects with steamers for all the lake ports. The Toledo, NorwaJk, and Cleveland E. E. will soon be extended to Detroit through this place, giving it a continuous railroad communication with the Atlantic cities. Pop. of t 3,647. Monroe, p. v., Sussex county, I^.Jer.: 60 m. N. by E. Trenton. Monroe, t. and p. v.. Orange co., K. 3T ; 92 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Eamapo r., a branch of the Passaic, which furiiishas good water-power. Surface hilly and broken ; soil adapted to grazing, with some fine farms. It is well timbered, antl abounds in iron ore. The Erie E. E. passes through the t. Monroe station is 59 m. from New York. The v. is on the Eamapo r., and contains an acad- emy, several large stores and mills, and about 1,000 inhab- itiuits. It is surrounded by a great dairy region, and about 8,000 gallons of milk are sent daily by railroad to New York fi-om this place. Pop. of t 4,2S0. MoNKOK, p. v., and cap. Union co., K. Car.: on Eichard- son's cr., a W. aflluent of Yadkin river. 111 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. Monroe, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : about 5 m. E. of Miami river, SI m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It cont:nns an acad- emy, several stores, and 213 inhabitants. Monroe, p. v., Overton co., Tenn.: about 5 m. 8. ofE. fork of Obeys r., S5 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains » jail ami several stores, and was the former capital of the co. Monroe, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Wise. ; 37 m. S. by W. Madison. Drained by branelios of Peckatoniea r. Surface moderately uneven ; soil generally -fertile. It lies in the MON RION mineral reeioii, ami lead aboun'ls. The v. conlains the co. liuildings and several stores, and has a yaluable trade in the staples of the dislriL-t A Hlerary weekly, the " Greene County Union,'' is published here. Pop. of t. 1,U6. Monroe lake, Orange co., Flor. : an expansion of St. John's r., near the centre of the county. Monroe Center, p. o., 'Waldo co.. Me. : 41 m. E. N. E. Auffuata. Monroe Centre, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 174 m. N. E. Columbus. MoMiuB MiLL^, p. v., Knox county, OJiio: on Vernon r., 43 m. N. N. E. Columbus. M' 'NRUETON, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : on Towanda cr, OS m. N. by E. Ilarrisbiirg. MoNEOETON, p. o., Kockiugham county, JV. Car. ; 70 ni. W. N. "\V. Kaleigh. MoNKOEviLLE, p. V., Mofiroe county, Ala.: S2 m. S. W. Montgomery. It was the former capital of the county, and contains several stores and 250 inhabitants. MoNROEviLEE. p. V., and new cap. Colusi county, Oal{f. : 142 ni. N. by E. Vallejo. It is a new v. on the Upper Sacra- ftiento, near Stone creek, and lies at the head of low water navigation. Boats of 3 feet draft come up to this point at tho lowest water, and at high water flrst:class steamers land here. The land around it is of the best in the Sacramento Valley. MoNKOEviLLE, p. V., Iluron CO., Ohio: on Huron r., KG m. N. by E. Columbus. It has fine water privileges, and con- tains several mills and 12 stores. It is 16 m. S. of Sandusky City, on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark li. li., which here intersects the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K. R. MoNROEviLLE, p. T., Alleghany co., Penn. : 72 m.W. by N. Ilarriaburg. MoNKOE Works, p. v. and sta., Orange co., N. Y.: on Eaniapo river, 93 m. S. by W. Albany. Iron of a superior quality for the manufacture of cannon is abuntlaut in the vicinity, anany. The sta. is 5 m. E. of Suffern's, and 37 m. from New York. MoNSON, t. and p. o.. Piscataquis co., 3fe. : 69 m. N. by E. Augusta. It has several ponds, the sources of affluents of the Piscataquis, which furnish mill-sites. Surface varied, and soil mostly fertile. It has many good farms, and abund- ance of timber. Pop. 654. MoNSoN, t. and p. v., Hampden co,, 3fass. : on the S. line of the State, 6S m. W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by branches of Chicopee r, which supply excellent water-power. Sur- face agreeably -varied ; soil very fertile. It has superior farms and ortharda, and is e.\tensively engaged in manu- facturing cotton rftid woolen goods, and various kinds of machinery. The New London, Willimantic, and Palmer E. P.. crosses the L, and has a sta. at the factories, 4 m. S. of Palmer d-pfit, wht-re it intersects the Western R. R. The V. at the centre cont^iins a hotel, several stores, and an oM, well endowed, aiulhighly popular ac-xdemy. Pop. oft. 2,S;il. MoNTAcuTE. p. o., Polk CO., /(7. : 99 m.W. Iowa City. Montague, t and p. o., Franklin co., J/a-s/i. ; on the E. aide of the Connecticut, 77 m. W, by N. Boston. Drained by Saw-niill r. Surface uneven, and soil various. It has many fine fnrms, and is well-wooded. A bridge crosses the river, ahovo which, in the N. part of the t., are Turner's Falls, much visited for the wildness of their scenery. Cop- per and iron ores are found here. A dam thrown across the river, and a canal .S m. long, with 70 feet lockage, facilitate navigation, and furnish excellent water-power. The Ver- mont and Massachusetts R. R. crosses the t., and Montagu© station is 4 m. E. of Greenfield. Pop. 1,518. Montague, t. and p. v., Sussex eo., K Jer, : on Delaware river, iu the extreme N. of the State, 72 m. N. Trenton. Drained by Mill brook, and Big an.l Little Flat kills, wBich afford power for several mills. Surfaee mroducing 300 tons of blooms, and 200 ti^ins of bars per annum, and a rolling-mill making 350 tons of bars and rods per annum, moved by the waters of Aulietam cr., and together employing about 500 liands. Montauk, p. 0., Crawford co., Mo. : 63 m. S. E. Jetrersoa City. Montauk Point, K. T! .- is a bold promontory, constitut- ing the extreme E. end of Long Island, on which is a stono lighl-liousc, erecU'd in 1795. Lat 41° 4' lo", long. 71° 51 5&". It is 19 m. S. of Slonington, and 116 m. E. by N. of New York. The ocean presents peculiaridiasesof grandeur here, whether in calm or storm, and attracts many visitors to this place in the summer season. Montcalm county, Midi. Situate S. centrally, on Lower Peninsula, and contains 376 eq. m. Drained by Flat r. and Fish and Prairie creeks of Grand r., and Pine r., a branch of the Tittibawaasie. Surface undulating, and generally well wooded with oak, ash, maple, and black walnut; soil black sandy loam, and mostly very fertile, with but little waste land, equally adapted to grass and grain, and free from stone. Farms '26 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 164, and pop. — wh. S91, fr. co!. 0— total S91. Capital: Greenville. Montcalm, t. and p. o., Montcalm co., Mic?t. : 42 m. N.W. Lansing. Drained by triljutaries of Grand r. Po]). 135. MontkbeIlo. p. v.. Hancock co., PI. : on the lell bank of Mississippi r, 96 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Montello, p. o., Marquette co.. Wise. : 49 m. N. by E. Madison. Montell's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : 11 m. N. Baltimore, on the Westminster Branch R. E. Monterey county, (kilif. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 2,771) sq. m. Drained by Pajaro and Monterey or Sali- nas rivers. The Coast Range forms the E. boundary, sep- arating Ihe CO. from the San Joaquin valley, and the Santa Cruz mis. in the middle parallel to them, dividing the co. into two extended valleys. San Juan valley, occupying the E. part, is a beautiful and very fertile plain, with tew large streams, but rich mines of quicksilver and gold in the N. ; the W. valley is drained by the Monterey, a large and well- timbered stream, is fertile, and easy accessible, lying on tho Pacific, and having a fine harbor. Pop. in 1S52, 2,753. Capital: Monterey. Monterey, p. o., Eed River co., 71^r. .■ 291 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Monterey, p. o., Pulaski county, Ind. : 03 m. N. N. W, Indianapolis. Monterey, p. o., Davis CO., Ta.: 76 m. S. W. Iowa City. Monterey, t. and p. o., Berkshire co.. Mass.: 112 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Mill r., a branch of the Ilonsa- tonic. Surfiice elevated and rough: soil good pasture land, and covered with fine limber. Grazing is the leading inter- est. Ineorporitted in 1S49. Pop. 7'jl. Monterey, t. and p. o., Allegan county, SHch.: 66 m. W. Lansing. Drainc-TEZL'MA, sta., Macon co., Ga. ; 2 m. N. of Oglethorpe, on the South-western H. E. MosTEzrMA, p. v., Pike co , lU. : on the right bank of Illinois r., 53 m. AV. S. "W. Springfield. Montezuma, p. o., Greene county, Wise: 2Sin. 3. by "W. Madison. Montezuma, p. v., Parke eo., Ind.: on the left bank of Wabash r., 61 m. W. Indianapolis. It contains several stores and warehouses, anil has a large trade in the staples of a rich distriet, brought to it on plank-roads from the E. and ■W.,and shipped by the Wabash and Eric Cana.1. Montezuma, p. v., Cayuga co., 31 V.: at the junction of the Cayuga and Seneca Canal with the Erie Canal, 153 ra. W. by N. Albany. Here are several salt springs, from which is manvifai-lured salt of the best and purest quality. It is 84 m. by canal E. of Syracuse, and contains several stores and largo warehouses, and a population of SOO. Montezuma, p. o.. Union ca, Ki/.: 172 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Montkzcma, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio: 89 m. W. by N. Columbus. Montezuma, p. v., and cap. Poweshiek co., /a. : &i m. W. Iowa City. It is near Fisher's cr. of English r., and contains the CO. buildings and several stores. Montgomery county, Ahi. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 941 sq. m. Bounded N. W. by the Coosa, and drained by the Tallapoosa and Oakfuskee, Coloma, and Pintala creeks. Surface moderately uneven : soil exceed- ingly fertile. Cotton and corn are the almost exclusive agricultural products. The amount of cotton raised is sur- passed by few counties in the State or Union, and the qual- ity excelled by none. Corn is also a very large crop, and in parts some wheat is grown, and on Uie rivers a little rice. li lies iavorably for transportation of its products by water, 500 and commands the trade of several adjacent countiea. Farms 9G2 ; manuf 6; dwell. l.SSl, and pop.— wh. 10,172, fr. col. 112, si. 19,511— total 29,795. CapiUil: Montgomery. Public Works: Montgomery and West Point E. 11.; Montgomery and MobUe R. E. Montgomery county, Ark. Situate W. centrally, and contains 1,073 sq. m. Drained by Washita r. and Koureho Caddo and their branches. Surface varied, with hilly por- tions in the N. and level tracks in the 9. ; soil mosUy pro- ductive, and well adapted to grazing. Corn and live-stock are the staples. It has some coal and fine sulphur springs. Farms 215; manuf. 6; dwell. 319, and pop.— wh. l,:?!)!, fr. col. 1, si. 66— total 1,953. CapiUil: Mount Ida. Montoomery county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 1,106 sq. m. Drained by Ocmulgee, Little Ocraul- gee, Oconee, Pendleton's, and Great Ohoopee rivers. Sur- face generally even, and covered with a growth of pine; soil sandy and of moderate fertility, except on some of the streams, where rich swamps abound. Corn and cotton are raised in small quantities, and a little sugar and rice. Lum- ber and tar, pitch and turpentine are small exports. Farms 163; manuf. 0; dwell 236, and pop.— wh. 1.541, t>. col. 0*, si. 613— total 2,154. Capital : Mount Yemon. Pullic Works: Savannah and Albany R. K. Montgomery county, HI Situate S. W. centrally, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Macoupin, Shoal, and Beaver creeks. Surface high and undulating; soil very fertile. Corn and wheat are the staple cereals. Live-stock, beef, and pork are the principal exports. It has some fine mill-seats and growing manufactures. Farms SI 1; manuf, 17; dwell. 1.051, and pop.— wh. 6.25S, fr. col. IS — tot:d 6,276. Capitul: Ilillsboro'. Public Works: Terre llauto and Alton E. E. Montgomery county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 504 sq. m. Drained by Sugar, Big, and Little Raceoon creeks, and other tributaries of Wabash r. Surface various, in the centre rolling, S. level, and near the creeks somewhat hilly ; soil everywhere rich. Most of the connly was origin- ally heavily timbered. Com is the great staple, and wheat a very fine crop. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are ex- ported, the last very largely. It has excellent water-power, and extensive manufactures of flour, woolens, leather, oil, lumber, ami earthen and iron ware. Farm 1,S30; maimt S7; dwell. 2,971, and pop.— wh. 17,955, fr. eol. 129— toUal 1S,0S4. Capital: Crawfordsville. Pu/dic Works: New Albany and Salem E. R. ; Lafayette and Crawfordsville R. K. Montgomery county, la. Situate S. W., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained W. by Ntsbnabatona r., and E. by Nodaway r., branches of the Missouri. Erected since 1S50. Montgomery county, Ay. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 544 sq. ra. Drained by Red r., of the Kentucky and Slate cr. of the Licking. Surface diversified, and soil excellent for grain and grass. Corn is the siaple, and tho produce very large; wheat and rye are also fine crops. Uorsea, cattle, wool, and pork are important exports, tho last especially. It has abundant water-pAwer and growing manufactures. Iron ore is found. Farms 856; manuf. 82; dwell. 1,103, and pop.— wh. 6,671, fr. col. 159, si. 3,07.3— total 9,903. Capital : Mount Steriing. Montgomery county, JId. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 440 sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Patuxent r., S. W. by the Potomac, and drained mostly by afHuenis of the Potomac, which afford excellent mill-sites. Surface diversified, with many hills in the N. parts; soils various, some thin and sterile, and some very rieh, ajid producti\ e of wheat, corn, and tobacco, the leading products. It has manufaetories of woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, luml)er, and machin- ery, flour being the heaviest article, A variety of iron ore, used in making pigments, and gold, found in small quanti- ties, are the chief minerals. Farms 1,051; manuf. 71; dwell. 1.923, and pop.— wh. 9,435, (V. col. 1.811, si. 5,114— total 15,S60. Capital : EockvUle. PuUh Works: Chesa- peake and Ohio CanaL . MON MON MoNTGO^raRY county, Mo, Situate E. middle, and con- tains 59-t sq. m. Drained by Oak er. and Au Cuivre r., of the Mississippi and Loutre r., a hramh of the Missouri, which forms its S. boundary. Surface moderately uneven ; soil generally fertile, on the large streams Tery rich. Com and tobacco are the chief crops. Much of the county is adapted to grazing, and the rearing of cattle. Mill streams are numerous, limber abun'iant, and markets convenit.-nt. Farms 607 ; maimf. 16 ; dwell. 7&1, and pop. — wh. 4,449, fr. col. -3, si. 1,037— total 5,4S9. Capital: Dtwiville. MoNTGOsiERT county, N. Y. Situate E. centrally, and con- taina 356 sq. m. Drained by Mohawk r. and its branches, the principal of which is the Scoharie. Surface hilly and somewhat mountainous, with alluvial plains on the Mohawk and some ol its branches; soil a gravf lly or clayey loam, and generally very productive of grass and all the grains. The dairy is a great object of attention, and potatoes and all the grains yield fine crops. Butler, cheese, and wool are exported, the last largely. Mill-siles are abundant, and oc- cupied by numerous manufactories of flour, woolen gfiods, distilled liquors, and leather. There are in the county seve- ral valuable limestone quarries. Farms 1,S83; manuf. 267; dwell. 5,353, and pop^-wh. Z\Jn% fr. col. 413— total 31,992. CapiUil: Fonda. Public Woi'i:^ : Erie Canal; Utica and Schenectady R. R. MoNTGOMBRY couuty, N". Cur, Situate S. in W. part, and contains 4S3 sq. m. Bounded "W. by the Yadkin, and drained by its branches, Little r., Ultarie r., etc. Surface rough and mountainous, with beautiful valleys ; soil mostly fertile. Cotton is the stai)le ; corn and wheat are heavy crops, and in parts tobacco flourishes. It has much good pasture laud, and superior horses :ind dairies. Water-power is plenty, and cotton goods, flour, leather, and distilled liquors are extensively made. Farms 541; manuf. 14; dwelL 902, and pop.— wh. 5,055, fr. col. 44, si. 1,773 — total 6,572. Capital : Troy. MoNTGOMBRY couuty, 07iio. Situate S. "W., and contains 46s sq. m. Drained by Miami and Mad rivers and their branches. Surface gently undulating. Soil of great fer- tility, equally adapted to grass and grain. Com and wheat are the leading crops ; rye, oats, and potatoes but little in- ferior. Very large amounts of pork are exported, the clip- pings of wool'are heavy, and the produce of the dairies very valuable. It has great facilities for manufacturing in an abundance of superior water-power, and easy communica- tion with markets in every direction. The principal articles made are flour, cotton and woolt-n goods, iron castings, and machinery, p.tper, and earthen-ware. Farms 2,06S ; manuf. 224; dwell. 6,527, and pop.— wh. 37,973, fr. cr.l. 246— total SV219. Capital: Dayton. Public WorAs: Miami Canal; Mad liiver and Lake Erie R. K. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton K. 11.; Little Miami R. R.; Dayton and "Western E. K. ; Greenville and Miami E. R. ; Dayton and Miehigau E. li. ; Da.Uoa and Xeuia R. E., etc. Montgomery county, Penn. Situate S. E., and contains 50S sq. m. Drained by the Schuylkill, which runs on its S. W. border, and ils branches, which furnish excellent water-power in abundance. Surfuce moderately uneven; soil very fertile, especially on the Schuylkill. Com, wheat, rj'e, oats, and potatoes are all very large crop?. The diiiries are large, and the land under very high cultivation, but the leading interest is manufactures. The S. E. consist largely of iron works, the native ore being abundant, fiouring- mills, tanneries, lumber, paper, and powder miUs, and "Woolen factories, besides machine shops, and almost every branch of mechanism. Farms 4,456 ; manuf. 697 ; dwell. 10,022, and pop.— wh. 57.442, fr. col. S49— total 5S,291. Cap- ital : Nolristown. PuhUc Works : Philadelphia and Read- ing E. E. ; Xorribtown Branch R. R. Montgomery county. Term. Situate W. on N. line, and contains 4S3 sq. m. Intersected by Cumberland r., and drained by its branches, lied r.. Barren and Montgomery forks, and Yellow cr. Surface varied ; soil very fertile. Corn and tobacco are the chief crops, the produce of fhe latter being very large; wheat and oats yield well. Large numbers of cattle arc raised, and pork is a heavy export. Though a superior farming county, mannfa'-tures are flmir- ishing and rapidly advancing, partieuinrly of iron, for which it furnishes excellent ore. Farms 1.227 : m.inuf. 59 ; dwell. 2,0S6, and pop. wb.— 11,900, fr. col. 74, si. 9,071— total 21.045. Capital: Clarksville. Public Works: Nashville and Henderson E. R. Montgomery county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 1,1S2 sq. m. Drained by t^an Jacinto r. ancl its numerous branches, the largest being Peach, Caney, Spring, and Mill creeks. Surface undulating and nearly level. The streams are skirted with timber, the rest is mostly prairie; soil in the bottoms a deep black mold of very great fertility, and the pr.-iiries are excellent pasttires. Corn, cotton, and pota- toes produce great crops ; most of the grains do well. Sugar can easily be grown when the land is cleared, and cattle and sheep raised in immense numbers. Pine predominates in the San Jacinto bottom, and in the W. excellent building timber is abundant. Ledges of " rotten-stone" and clay beds are fou no plentifully in the S.,and sulphur and salt springs and iron ore are also found. Farms 180; manuf. S; dwell. 260, and pop.— wh. 1,439, fr. col. 0, sL 945— total 2.3S4. Capital : Montgomery. MoNTGojiERT county, Virff. Situate S. "W.. and contains 4S5 sq. m. Bounded S. W. by New r. and Brush or., and drained by heads of Roanoke r., which rises in this county. Surface rough and mountainous, with beautiful and ft-rtile valleys ; soil mostly good, and in parts very productive. Wheat and corn are large crops, and tobacco grows finely in the bottoms. It has excellent pasture.*, and, l>ing be- tween the Blue Eidge and spurs of the Alleghany ^Mount- ains, many small mill streams. Farms 546; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,121, and pop.— wh. 6,S22, fr. col. 66. si. 1.471— total S,359. Capital: CliJ-istiansburg. Piihlic Works: Virginia and Tennessee R. R. ; and Ijranch toward the Ohio r., etc. Montgomery, p. city, and cap. Montgomery co., Ala., and capita! ofthe State: on the left bankof the Alabaman, an 26' W., IIS m. S. E. by E. Tusca- loosa, the old capital, which it succeeded in 1847. The city is built on a high bluff, and contains the capitol and other Stale buildings, and the usual county oflfices, also churches of the principal denominations, and is tlie location of the U. S. land office of the Montgomery land district. The sur- rounding country is one of the most productive cotton re- gions ofthe State, and from this point that staple is shipped Uo^vn the river to Mobile, or carried east to the Chait-ihoo- chee by the Montgomery and "West Point R. R., 88 m. to "West Point, and shipped to Appalachicola, in Florida. When the La Grange E. E. is finished there will be a continuous railroad route from Montgomery to Savannah, 467 miles, and to Charleston, 483 miles. A railniad is also projected from Montgomery xia Green\Tlle to Mobile. The news- papers published here are. the " State Gazette" (dem.), daily and weekly ; the " Atlas" (dem), and the " Alabama .Jour- nal'' (whig), both daily, tri-weekly, and weekly; and the "Alabama Stale Register" (whig), tri-weekly and weekly. It is one of the most progressive cities of ih'* South-west ; it was laid out in 1617— in 1840 had 2,170 inhabitants, and in 1850, 4.957. Montgomery, t, and p. o., Hampden co., Uasfs. : 94 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by branches of Westfield r., its S. W. boundary, along which the Western R. R. passes. Sur- face hilly and broken ; soil adapted to grazing. It has ranch timber, and produces live-stock, butter, cheese, and wooL Pop. 383. MoNTGOMEBT, t aurl p. V., Orange co., K F. : 81 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by the Wallkill and its branches, which supply it with numerous mill-sites. Surface hilly; soil clayey and gravelly loam, \ery productive of grass and grain, and under high cultivation. The meadows abound M7 MON MON in bones of the inastodon, and the most cbniplete specimen ever discovered was found in tho E. part in 1S45. Manu- factures of various kinds are largely i)roseoutcd. particularlj" in the v., which is on the E. bank of the Wallkill, and con- tains an academy, a dozen stores, and a foundry, several mills, and 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 3.9.S3. Montgomery, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 86 m. S.W. by W. Columbus. JfoxTGOMEKT, p. o., Sumncr co., Tenn. : 18 m. N. N. E. Nashville, Montgomery, p. t., and cap. Montgomery county, Tkr. ; aboutequidislant from Lake cr. and San Jacinto r.,1'21 m. E. Austin City. It lies in a district heavily timbered with the best of building material, and contains the county buildings and several stores. MoN'TGOMEnr, t> and p. o., Franklin co., Verm^ : 45 m. N'. Montpelier. Drained by Trout r., a branch of Missisqui r., which furnishes superior water-power. Surface rough, ex- cept on the river, where is a fertile interval. It is well wooded and has good pastures. Pop. 1,006. Montgomery, p. o., Jennings co., Iiid. : 65 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Montgomery Centre, p. v., Franklin county, Venn. : on Trout r., 46 m. N. Montpelier. Montgomery Cross RoAns, p. v., "Woods co., Ohio : on an E. branch of Corlage r., 94 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Montgomery's Ferry, p. o., Perry co.. Penn. : on the right bank of Susquehanna r., 14 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Montgomerytille, p. v., Montgomery co,, Pemi.: 73 m. E. Harrisburg. MoNTnALiA, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 147 m, N. Jackson. MoNijcELLO, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Flor. : 25 m. E. by N. Tallahassee. It lies on elevated ground, about 4 m. E. of Mickosukie lake, surrounded by rich cotton plant- ations, and contains a court-bouse and jail, an academy, and S29 inhabitants. :MoNTirELi,o. p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Ga. : 81 m. "W. N. W. Millfdgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, about 20 stores, and a population of 600. MoNTiCELLO, p. v., aud cap. Drew co., Art. : 7S m. S. S. E, Little Eock. It contains a court-house and a few stores. MovncELLO. p. v., and cap. Piatt co., III. : about 2 m. E. of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 59 m. E. by N. Springfield. It contains a eourt-liouso, jail, .^nd several stores. MoNTiCELLO, p. v., and cap. White co., Ind. : on the right bank of Tipppcanoe r., 72 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. "^It lies on a high bank on the edge of the Grand Prairie, and hits a valuable trade and superior facilities for manufactur- ing. The river may be made to yield a great power, and already moves large flouring-mills. TIic v. contains a court- house and jail, an academy, and several stores. The "Prairie Chieflain" is published weekly. MoNTicELLO. p. v., and cap. Wayne co.. TT?/. .■ about S m. 8. of Cumberland r.,92 m, S. Frankfort. It contains a court- house, jail, and a popidation of 300. MoNTioELLO, t and p. o., Aroostook county. Me, : 169 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Meduxnekeag r., a branch of St. John's r. It is densely covered with timber, the pre- p^iring of which for market forms the chief business. Pop- ulation 22T. MoNTicELLo, p. o., Pike county, Ala. : 47 miles S. E. Montgomery. MoNTicELLO, p. 0., Joncs county, la. : 49 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. MoNTicET.i.0. p. v.. and cap. Lawrence co., 3Iiss. : on the right bank of I^earl river, 51 rn. S. by E. Jackson. It has a favorable location for trade, hiid is the shipping point for a large cotton region, and contains a court-house, jail, acade- my, sevt-ral warehouses and stores, and 500 inhabitants. The '*Southrm Journal" (dem.) is published weekly. MoxTiCELt-o. p. v.. and cap. Lewis co., Mo.: on North Fabius river, 107 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. It contains 508 a court-house, academy, Several stores, and a population of 450. MoNTioELLO, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., N. Y. : 86 m. S. W. by S. Albany. It has an elevated position near a branch of Mongaup creek, and contains a court-house and jail, the clerk's office, 2 banks, a dozen stores, and 8u0 in- habitants. Two weekly papers are published, the '• Repub- lican Watchman'' (dem.), and the "Sullivan County Whig." MoNTicELLo, p. 0., Guilford co., 2^. Car. : 65 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. MoNTicELLO, p. v., Fairfield dist, *S. Car. : about 8 m. E. of Broad river, 28 m. N. W. Columbia. It cont,iins an academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants, aud was for a time the capital of the county. MoNTicELLo, p. 0., Greene co., Wise. .* 29 m. S. S. W. Madison. MoNTiCELLO, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Oreff. Ter. : 142 m. N. Salem. On the 25th Nov., 1852, a convention of the citi- zens of Northern Oregon was held at this place, and a memo- rial to Congress agreed upon, asking for the division of the present territory, and the erection of a new territory from all that portion N. of the Columbia and E. to the liocky Mountains. This section was erected into the " Territory of Washington" in March, 1853. MONTICELLO, p. o., CarToU parish, Za. : 149 miles N. Baton Rouge. » MoNTMORENoi couuty, Mich. Situate N. E. on Lower Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Thunder Bay r. and its branches flowing into Lake Hiirou. Erected since 1850. MoNTONGA, p. o., Drew county, Ark. : 73 m. S. S. K Little Rock. Montour county, Pent}. Sitnale E. centrally, and con- tains 206 gq. m. Drained by Roaring and Potts creeks, af- fluents of E. branch of the Susquehanna, which intersects the county and furnishes abundance of water-power. Surface broken ; soil of superior fertility, adapted to grass or grain. Wheat, rj'e, com, oats, and potatoes afford large crops, and the pastures feed fine dairies and gre.it numbers of sheep. Live-stock, butter, cheese, and wool are the exports. Iron ore abounds, and the manufacture of iron employs a large capital. Flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors are largely made. Farms 738; manuf. 69; dwell. 2.2S9, and pop.— wb. 13,155, fr. col. 84— total 13,239. Capital: Dan- ville. Public Jiarhs : North Branch Canal : Extension of Pennsylvania Coal Company's R. 11. to Northumberland, etc Montour's, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn.: 154 ra. W. byN. Harrisburg. Montpelier, p. o., Marengo county, AUi. : 76 m, W. Montgomery. Montpelier, p. o., Monroe county, Ga. : 47 ni. W. by N. Milledgeville. Montpelier, p. v.. Blackford co., Ind. : on the S. Side of Salamonier, 6S m. N. K. by N. Indianapolis. Montpelier, p. o.,Williams co., Ohio: 137 m.N.W.byN, Columbus. MoNTPiaiER, p. c, Adair county, Ky. : 83 m. S. by W. Fr.inkfort, Montpelier, p. o., Richmond co., IT. Car. : about 4 nL W. of Lumber r., 65 m. 8. S. W. Raleigh. Montpelier, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Verm.^ and capita! of the Slate: on Winooski r., in lat. 44^ 17' N., and long. 72° 36' W., 524 m. N. N. E.Washington. Drained by tributaries of the Winooski, which afford fine water- power and numerous mill-seata. Surface uneven and hilly;' soil various — on the hills furnishing fine pastures. The v. is the centre of a large commerce and of roads diverging in every direction. The Vermont Central R. R. touches Mont- pelier, 77 m. from Windsor, and 40 m. from Burlington. The public buildings are the State House, court-house, jail, etc. The State House is an elegant granite structure, 150 feet long— the centre, including portico. 100 fee* deep, and the wings 72 feet deep; the centre front has a flue Dorio MON MOO portico of 6 columns, each 6 foul diameter and 36 feet high, and the whole edifice is surmounted by a dome 100 ft-et from the ground. In the iuterior are convenient Stale offi- ces and spacious and ekgant rooms for the Senate and Kepresentatives. Montpelior became capital in 1S05. It has several workshops and factories, a bank, and numerous wholesale and retail stores; and five newspapers, the "Ter- mout Patriot'' (dem.), the " Verm. Watchman" (whig), the "Green Mountain Freeman" (free soil), the '' Chriaiian lie- pository," and the " Christian Messenger" — all weekly pub- lications. Pop. in 1S30, 1,792 ; in 1S40, 3,725; and in 1S50, 2,310. The t- of Ea-st Montpelicr was taken from the orig- inal I. in 1S49, and in 1S50 contained 1,447 inhabitants. MoxTPELiEE, p. o., Hanover cc, Vir{}. : 21 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. MoNTRA, p. 0., Shelby county, Ohio: 63 m. "W. N. "W. Columbus. Montreal river, 3nc7i: and Wise. : rises in several lakes in Wisc.y and flows N. W. into Lake Superior, forming the boundary between the two States. • Montrose, p. v., Lee co., I coming co., Penn. : on the leil bank of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., 66 m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. It is on the W. branch of Pennsylvania Canal, G m. E. Williamsport. Montvale Sprtnqs, p. 0., Blount co., Tenn. : 163 m. E. by S. Nashville. MoNTTiLLE, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 24 m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by heads of Sheepsci:tt and St. George's rivers. Surface varied, and soil fertile, and adapted to grain. A superior farming t. Pop. 1,878. MoNTTiLLE, sta., New London co., Coreii.; on the right l)ank of the Thames, 6 m. N. of New London, on the New London, Wililmantic. and Palmer R. R. MoNTTiLLE. t. and p. 0., Geauga co., Ohio : 14S m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r., and the hoad of Cuyahoga r., which rises in it. Surface somewhat uneven, and soil very fertile. Pop. 702. MoNTvn-LE, p. v., Morris co., X Jer.: on a N. branch of Eockaway r.. M m. N. N. E. Trenton. It lies in a deep valley on the Morris Canal, 40 m. from Jersey City, and con- tiins several stores and mills. _ MoNTJMENT, p. o., Pikc county, lU.: 89 m. W. by S. Springfield. MoNTMEKT, p. o. and sta., Barnstable co., 3ra»s. : on the Cape Cod Branch E. E., 21 m. S. E. Middleboro*, 49 m. 8. 3. E. Boston. MoNTTMENT IsLAWD, p. o., Delaware co., IK n ; on Dela- ware r., 94 m. W. S. W. Albany. Mnonrs, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn.: on an E. branch of tlie Connecticut, 23 m. S. E. by S. Hartford. Moody's Mills, p. c, Morgan Co., Ohio: 63 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Mooer's, t and p. v., Clmton co., K K .' on the Canada line, lis m. N. Albany. Drained by Chazy r. of Lake Champlain, and English r., an affluent of the St. Lawrence. Surface hilly, and heavily timbered ; soil various, princi- pally adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest. The v., 2 m. S. of the Canada line, on the N. side of Ciiazy r., is extensively engaged in manufactures. It is 20 m. N. of Plaltsburg, on the Plattsbnrg and Montreal E. E., which 1. m. N. of the v. intersects the Northern (i^gdouaburg) R. R., 12 m. W. of Rouse's Point. Pop. of t. 3,365. Moon, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., /*e««. .- on.the h'd bank of the Ohio, 173 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Drained by affluents of the Ohio, which furnish water-power. Surface hilly ; soil loam, aad for the most part very fertile. It con- tains several fiouring-mills and small maaiUactoriea, but farming is the chief pursuit. MooN-ET, p. 0., Philips co.j Ark.: 87 m. E. by S. Little Rock. MooNET, p. 0., Jackson co., Ind. : about 2 m. S. of Sail cr., 5S m. S. Indianapolis. Moon's, p. o., Fayette co., Ohio : on Rattlesnake cr., 4t ui. 8. W. by S. Columbus. Moon's, sta., Cobb co., Go. : on the Western and Allan tic E. E., 30 m. N. of Atlanta. Moore county, K Car. Situate centrally, and contains 864 sq. m. Drained S. by Lumber r., N. by Deep r., and many otlier branches of Cape Fear r. Surface diversified, and generally somewhat uneven; soil of average fertility^ with superior land on the larger rivers. Cotton and corn are the leading crops; wheat, oats, and potatoes, and somo tobacco are cultivated ; but none of its products are very large. Farms 713; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,236. and pop. — wh. 7,197, fr. col. 169, si. 1,976— total 9,342. Capital: Carthage. Moorefield, p. v., Switzerland co., I7id. : SI m. 8. E. by S. Indianapolis. Moorefield, p. o., Nicholas county, Kt/. : 45 m. E. by N. Frankf'.rt. Mooreftelo, t. and p. t., Harrison co., Ohio : 94 m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Tuscarawas r. Sur- face slightly uneven, and soil mostly very fertile. The v. contains 44 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,066. Moorefield, p. v., and cap. Hardy co., Tirg. : on the B. side of the 8. fork of Potomac r., 131 m. N. W. by N. Rich- mond. It has growing manufactures, favored by the exten- sive water-power of two branches of the r. uniting here, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, several mills, and 500 inhabitants. MooHE's, p. 0., Bowie co„ Tea: : 306 m. N. E. Austin City. MooRESBOROCon, p. o., Cleveland co., N. Car. : on Sandy Eun of Broad r., 169 m. W. by S. Raleigh. MooRESnuRG, p. v., Pulaski co., Ind. : on an E. branch of Tippecanoe r., 85 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. MoORESBDRG, p. v., MontouF CO., Ptmn. : about 8 m. N. of Susquehannn r. and the Pennsylvania Canal, 49 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of 1,400 tons cajtacity is located here. MooREsBUBo, p. o., Hawklns co., Tenn. : 205 m. E. by N. Nashville. Moore's Creek, p. o., New H.anover co.. A''. Car.: on a branch of Capo Fear r., 91 m. S. by E. IJaleigh. Moore's Cross Roaps, p. o., Hardeman county. Term. : 169 m. S. W\ by W. Nasb\itle. It is near the S. line of the State, and on the line of the Memphis and Charleston R. E. Moobe'8 Fork, p. o., Clinton county, Nl T.: 114 m. N. Albany. Mo4jre's Hill, p. v.. Dearborn county, Ind.: 71 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. Moore's Mills, p. o., Jackson county, Yirg.: 237 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Moore's OnniNARY, p. o., Princo Edward county, Virg. . 61 m. W. 8. W. Richmond. 609 MOO MOR Mooke's Pkaieik, p. o^ JeffefsoQ co., Hi. : 12$ m. 8. 5. £. Sprin^tld. ilooKE^ Rest, p. a, AndeiscHi co., Trtr.: 14S m. X. E. Ausdn Ciiv- MooRE*s Salt-WokkSs Pl t^ Jefferson countr, O^w: on Yellow t>r^ IW m. E. X. E. O^lumbus. Mo'-tsE'B Stoke, p. a, Sbenando&h ccl, Virg.: 10* m. N. TV. by N. Kichmood. Moose's Store, p. o., Caswell co., 3' Car, .- 6S m. Jf. "W. Baleigh. MooBG^TOWN. p. T., BoiiinsctcHi ca, X Jer. ; 5 m. E. o/ Dtlawure r., 30 m. S. S. TV. Treiiton. MooES^Tiu.E. p. v.. Limestone cc. Ahi. : between Shoal and Iiaiest*>ne creeks, aboai 5 m. N. of the Tennessee, 153 m. N. by TV. Moai^morv. It has an academy, and in the ricioity are fine water privileges and several conon-tnills. MooE^TiLiE, p- v., Morgan co.^ Jnd. : on the E. side of TVhite Lick cr., 16 m. S. TV. Indianapolis. MootiESTnxE, p. o., Orange cow, S, Oir. .• 54 m. X. TV. Bale^h. MoosffivniB, pw ot, Unkm par^ La. : 167 m. X. X. TV. Baton RoQge. MooEESTiLLE, p. T., Marshall ca, Tenn, : 47 m. 6. by TV. Nash%TUe. Moose's TryETAEi>, p. o~, Baitholomew co., Ind, ; 46 m. S. S. E. ludianapolia. MoocfiEAi>Tiu.E, p. T., Erie ooonty, I^n.: 206 miks it. TV. by TV. Harrisborg. MooELA>i>, p. T^ TVayne coonty, Ohio: S5 m. N. E. ^Iambus. MoosviLLE, p. o., Itawamba co., 2£is*. : 165 m. N. E. Jackson. MooSEOELOC, Grafton col, y. Samp. : lies in the E. port of Benton, and consists of two peaks, the X. 4,556, and the S. 4.636 feet above the ocean loveL The summits are bare masses (<" granite, on which the snow lies the year round. MoosB river, X T. : has its source in Hamilton co. in seTeral large lakes, and flows TV. across Herkimer into Lewis CO,, where it empties into Black r., above the High FaUs. Moose river, Jtfe. ; rises in the highlands, on the TV. line of the State, and Sows E. ihroagh se%'enil lakes into Mo'T^se- hcad lake, being its lar^st afflaenL Moosehead lake. Me. : Ues between Somerset and Penob- scot counties, and is the principal source of Kennebec r. It contains several large islands, and is about 35 m. long, rarr* ing in width from 4 to 13 miles. Moose Meadow, pw o., Tolland co., Otha. Moo^E ErvEE, p. o^ Somerset co., Jft*. -• 95 m. X. by TV. Angosta. Mooeop, p. Ou, TVindham col. Conn. : on an E. iHunch of the Quinuebciug. 41 ra. E. by S. Hartford. Mt-KirELrsocE. v., Calaveras co„ Calif. : about 2 m. TV. of the X. fork of the r. so called, 104 m. E. by X. Tallejo. Mo^rELUMXE river, CE HiLi, v_ Calaveras co., Colt/. : on the S. side of the S. f>rk of Moquelumne r., 106 m. E. by N. Vallejo. Morales De Lavaca, p. a, Jackson co., 7*esr. : 106 m. S. S. E. Austin Cty. | itoRAViA, t and p. T^ Cayuga co.. X. Z .- 1S9 m. TV. Albany. Drained bt Onasco inlet, which affords fine mill- , sites, and flows into Owasco lake in the N. TV. corner. A broad and fertile valley borders the inlet, back of which the ; f>udace is hilly and the soil indifferent The v. is on the inlet, and contains several factories and the Moravian In- ' stituie. Pop. of t. l,S76w | MoEEAu, t and p^ o., Saratoga county, .VI H .* 3S m. N. . Albany. Bounded N. and E. by 'the Hudson, on which, in I the X. E. comer, are Glen's and Baker's falls, which supply immense water-power. Surface mostly even, with bills in the E. ; soil sandy and clayey loam, generally fertile. Blick Dxirble of superior beauty is plentiful oo the Hudson, which ■ 519 is spanned by a bridgo above the falls. The Saratoga and TVashington K. K. p.is5es through it Pop. 1.S34. MoEEAC Station-, p. o. and sta.. S:iratoga co.. X T. : *> m. X. Albany, on the Saratoga and TVashington K, E., 16 n^ X. of Saratoga. MoRKFtELD, p. 0., Greene county, F*«c. .* 97 m. S. S. TV, Madison. MoKEHA^E parish, Ia Situate K. E., and contains &15 sq. m. Drained by TVashita and Au Boeuf rivers and bayoa Bartholomew — the fli^t ftvrming its TV. and the last its E. boundary. Surface undulating, and in parts swampy, with a fine growth of timber; soil ft^tile, on the margins of the streams especi;illy so. and proviuctive of lai^ crops of cotton and com, the staples of the county. It has good pasture land, and raises many caiUe and fattens pork lankly. Fanus 360; manot 4; dwell. S73, and pop. — wh. 1.S77, fr. c-D, p. a, Fauquier co., Jlrff.: 71 m. X. by TV, Eichmond. MoEKLASD, pL a, Chemung col, JK i: .- 103 m. TV. by S. Albany. MoEELAxn, L and p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. .• 63 m. K. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Mutcy or. It has a hiBy surface, a gravelly soil, and abundance of white p'me tim- ber, which affords materi:d for numerous saw-miUs. MoKEMAs's EivEK, p. o., Albeuiaile eoc, Virg.: 63 nk TV. X. TV. Eichmond. MoEEsa, p. o., Lenawee cotmty, JtfioA. .* 42 m. S. S. E. I.ansing. MoKESTiLLE, p. T., Delaware ca, X. r. ; 45 m. TV. S. TV. Albany. MoEETOwx. t and p. v., TVashington co.. Verni, : S m. TV. Montpelier. Drained by Mad r., a branch of Onion r., which furnishes g»x>d water-power. The Vermont Central R. R. passes along Oiuon r.. the X. boundary of the t. Sup- tice mountainous and in many parts untiUable. The v. ia on Mad r.. and contiuns several mills and sbires. Popula- tion of t l,335u MoEETz Mill, p. a, Ashe co., X. Car. : 161 m.TV. by S. Raleigh. MoBOAX county, Ala. Situate X. middle, and contains 714 sod returns of wheat and oats, and rearing large numbers of neat ca^ tie and swine, and exjtorting beef and pork iu large quao* tilies. It has some mill streams and growing manulacmres of cotton goods. Farms 5*4; mauuf. 13: dwell. l.U*3. and pop.— wh. 6.63f, fr. col. 50. sL 8,437— total 10.135. Capital: Somcr^ille. PuWc Works : Memphis and Charleston R. R. MoESAS county. Ca. Situate X. cinirally. and contains 274 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other branches of the Oconee, which forms iu E. boundary. Surface geaily un- even, with many mill streams: s»il verj- fertile. Cotion is raistd in great quantities^ forming the staple pn^duct and almost excluding other crops. Its manufaetiu^:* are rapi<)lj increasing, partictilarly of cotton goods. Farms 336; nianu£ 31 ; dwelt 621, and pop.— wh. 3,6**, fr. col. 1^. s). 7.i -94— total 10,744. Capital: Madison. Puhiic Worl-^ : Ge^^rgia R. R. MoEGAX counts*. III. Situate TV. mid'ile, and contains 539 sq. m. Drained by Indian and Mauvaiselerre creeks, branches of the Illinois, which forms the TV. boundary. Surface undulating or nearly level; soil of great feniJity, lai^^ly made up of prairies, which afford the very best of MOR MOK grazing lands. Cora and wheat are very heavy crops. Livt-stocfc, beef, wool, and pork are large exports. Timber UYound near all the streams, which afford considerable fine ■water-power, flour, leather, woolen goods, iron castings, and roachinery are leading mannlactorea. Farms 1.574 ; fiiza\it S9; dwell. 2,651, and pop.— wh. 15,939, fr. coL 125— total 16,0W. C'Jpital: JacksonrUle. Pullic Works: San- gamon and Morgan R. £. MoBGA^' couDty, Ind. Situate 6. centrally, and contains 453 ^i- m. Drained by W. fork of "WTiile r. and its branches, White Lick, Big Indian, Mill, and Siotfs creeks. Surface oii'Jiilating or leveL with hills near the streams and wide bottoms on iheir margins; soils everywhere excellent and well tioibered. Corn and wheat are heavy staples, and pork a large export. "Wool is extensively grown, and fine dairies kept. Farms 1,392; manaC 14: dwelL 2.401, and pop. — wh. 14,5<:t2, fr. coL 74 — total 14.576. Capital: Mar- UnsviUe. Public Works: Martinsville E. E. MoEGAZf coonty. Ay. Sitoaie X. E.. and contains 602 gq. DL Drained by Licking and Eeel rivers and their tributa- ries. Surface much diversifled, and in parts rugged or mountainous; soil of average fertility, better adapted to grazing than grain-growing. Com is the chief cereal pro- duced : other grains are raised in small quaniilies. and pork Is the principal export. It has abundant timber and water- power. Farms 615; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,201, and pop. — wb. 7,395, fr. coL 83, sL 137— total 7,630. CapUul: West Liberty. MoEGiN county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 649 sq. m. Drained by the Osage r., which runs on and near Its S. border, and its branches, and N. by Flat cr., a branch of La Mine r. Surface moderately uneven, in parts prairie, but generally well wooded. Com is lUe staple, but other grains thrire, and tobacco flourishes in parts. Fine pastur- age is abundant. * fertile. Wheal and com are the staple cereals, and the produce Tery lai^. Tobacco i« cultivated with marked success and protiL It has ver>* fine dairies, shears a large amount of wool, and exports pork extensively. Bituminous coal is found, and numerous salt-springs, which formerly furnished a great quantity of salL II manufactures salt, leather. woolens, jr^n castings, machmery. liquors, and stone-ware. Farms 2,126: manuf. 95; dwell. 4,SS6, and p^.p.—wh. 23,515, fr. coL 70— total 23.5S5. Capital: M-Conneilsvillt% MoEGAS crtuniy, Tenn. Simate N. E., and contains SS3 sq. m. Drained N. by branches of Cumberland r., and S. by Emerys r. and its branches, a£Quents of CUnch r. . Sur- fece rough and uneven, being crossed by Cumberland mts. ; soil better adupled to grazing than grain. Corn, oals^nd potatoes are the chief crops, and pork the principal export. Its mill streams are numerous and flue. Farms 4?J0 ; manul 8 ; dwelL 5-1. and pop.— wh. 3,3i>l, fr. oc^ 25, sL 101— total 8,430. Capital: Morgan. MoEGAS o-mnry. Vxrg. Situate N. E., and contains 295 sq. m. Drain».-d by Cacapon r. and Sleepy cr., affluents of the Potomac, which forms the N. and X. W. bfjtundary. Surface much broken, in parts mountainous; soil in the valleys very fertile ; parts are too ragged for cultivation, Cora, wheaL rje, oats, and potatoes are raised, generally in good crops, though the amomits are not large. Sheep find good pasturage. It has saperior mill-seats, and manufao- lures flour, wrK)lens. leather, and earthen-ware. Farms 300; manuf. 9 ; dwell. &"•€. and pop.— wh. 3.4-31. fr. eoL 3. si. 123— ioiaI3.557. Capital :B&iii. Public HVrjfc«.- Baltimore and Ohio li. E. MoEGAK,^ and. p. o., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: 159 m. X. E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and its branches, which aff'»rd good miil-sites. Surface even, and soil prodnctire. Various small manufactories are operated. Pop. S91. MoEGAS, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Tenn: on Emery's r., a branch of Clinch r., 113 m. E. XashvjUe. It contains a coQrt-house and jnil, and several stores and workshops, with about 24>0 inhabitants. M0BGA^', L and p. o., Orleans oo„ Verm, : 45 m. N. E. Monipelier. SejTnour's lake, a Iribatan' of Clyde r., occn- i pies the central part. Surface nneven. but not rough ; soil mostly good. Grazing is the chief pursuit. The St. Law- rence and Atlantic E. K, eroses the E. part Pop. 4^. MoEGAS CiTV. sta-. M"re:an co., lU. ; 9 m. E. of Naples, on the Sangamon and Morgan E. E. Mobganfieli*, p. V,. Union co.. i'y. .• about S m. S. of tho Ohio. 167 m. W. by S. Frankfort. It contains a conrt-hoose, academy, several stores, and .3f>0 inhabJlanis. MoEGANSsrES, p. o., Fauqulcr co., Vlrg. : 34 m. N. by W Eichmond. MoEGAs's CoENEES, sta., Delaware co., Penn, : 14 m. from Philadelphia, on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. B. and Philadelphia and Westchester E. E. Morgan's Ceeee, p. o.. Benton co.. Term, : near the lefl bank of the Tennessee, 63 m, W. by 5. Nashville. MoEGiS's Ceezk, p. o., Orange county, X. Car. : 41 m. W. N. W, P^eigh. MoEGAX'3 FoEE, p. o., Pike county, Ohio: 66 m. 8. Columbus. MoEGA-N's Mills, p. o., Union county, N. Car.: 103 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. Moega^'s Eedge, p. 0., Mailon county, Tirg.: 205 m. X. W. by W. Eichmond. MoncAxsvnxE, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: on a W. branch of the Muskingum. 5S m. E. S. E. C-olumbus, MoEGANsviLLE, p. V,, Gcuesee co., y. Y. : on Black cr., 2=32 m. W. Albany. It contains several stores and mills, and 300 inhabitants. MoEGA.NTowN-, p. v., Morgan co., Ind. : on the N. side of Big Indian cr., 23 m. S. by .W. InTow>*, p. v., and cap. Butler co., Ky. : on the S. side of Green r., 118 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort Large quantities of grain and tobacco are sent from this placd down the r.. which is navigable for boats of light dratight al all times. It contains a court-honse, jail, academy, several stores and small manufacl'^ries, and 400 inhabitants. MoEGAXTOw.v, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: b2. m. E. by S. Harrisburg. It contains several st«:)res, and 500 inhabil* ants. MoEGASTOWN, p. T., and cap. Bnrke co.. JIT. Car. : on the S. side of Catawba r.. 16'j m. W. Ealeigh. It lies on ele- vated ground, surrounded by a rich gram country, with flourishing manufactories in the %icimty, and has an exten- sive trade. It contains a conrt-house. jail, academy, bank, a dozen stores, and a population of 3s6 souls. MoEGA>-TOT^'>'. p. v.. Blount co-.-TV^/i. .- on the E. side of Tennessee r., 145 m. E. by S. Xa;-ln il.'e. MoEGASTowrs, p. v„ and cap. M'>noiigulia co., Tlrg.: on the E. side of Monongahela r.. 197 ni. N. W. Richmond. It lies at the head of steambo:iI navig-iion. and has a lai^ trade and rapidly increasing nianura-.-lures. for which there is ample water-power and abundance uf coal in the vicinity. It contains a court-house, jail, two academies, a dozen stores, several mills, and a population of Lr-ttf*. The ''Monongalia Mirror'' and ihe"Watchm:m"(]itcrar>^. and the " Mountain Messenger*' (Baptist), are pubii^he^l wt-ekly. MoEGA-KVTixE. p. o., Noiiiiway county, Vlrg.: 8S m. S. W. by W. Eichmond. MoEGAxvnxE, p. v., Ilillsdale county, JficA, ; 62 m. B. Lansing. "^ Mori AH, t and p. v., Essex po., X. Y. : on Lake Cham- plain, 93 m. N. Albany. Sur^.tC'-- very uneven; soil fertile 511 MOR MOR In the vail- y?. Marble uf good quality is found. Iron ore and lunbtT are abundiint, and attention is principally di- rected to them. The v. 13 on high ground, about S m. W, of the lake, and contains au academy, several stores, and 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. of L 3,005. MoRicHF-s, p. T., Suffolk CO., 2/. F. : on the S. side of Long Island, 130 ra. S. S. E. Albany. MoKiNGViLLK, p. 0., ChalUain co., 2^. Car.: IS m. W. of Kaleigh. MoKiNGViLLK, p. V. and at,!., ^Vostclieatcr co,, y. Y. : on Bronx r., 112 m. S. Albany. It is 25 m. N.of New York, on the Harlem U. 11. Moitr-AN's GKOTE,p. o.,"Wayueco.,/^^. .• 119 m. S.E.byS. Springfield. MoKLKY, p. o., St. Lawrence co., IT. F. ; 163 ra. N.W. by N. Albany. Mormon Hill, p. o., Marshall CO., Iiu : 61 m. "W. N. "W. Iowa City. Mormon Island, p. o., Sacramento co., Call/,: on the S. fork of Aiuerioan r., 7-1 m. IZ. N. K. Vallejo. It was here that the first discoveries of gold were made in 1S48. Morning Sun, p. o., Louisa co., la. : 81 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Morning Sttn, p. v., Preble co., Ofiio: on Four Mile cr., 95 m. W. S. W. Columbus. The Four Mile Valley K. K. passes throuiih it. Morning Sun, p. o., Shelby co., Tenn.: ITO m. "W. S. W. Nashville. MoRo, p. 0., Calhoun co., Ark.: 63 m. S. by W. Little Eock. Morrtll'-s, sta., Cnmberland en., 3fe. : 8 ra. fi-ora Portland, on the York and Cumberland R. R. Morris county, A'. Jer. Situate N. raiddle, and contains 406 sq. in. DraJued by Pequannock r., its N. boundary, Passaic r., its E. boundary, and W. by branches of the Earilan and Delaware. Surface broken N. and "W. by ranges of high hills ; in the S. is the beautiful valley <>f the Passaic. Soil gener.iUy verj' productive, and in parts tine grazing land. Wheat, com, rye, buckwheat, oats, and po- tatoes, are all good crops, and^the rye and buckwheat of a superior qnalily. Large products of the dairy, beef and wool, are the farming exports. It has valuable mines of magnetic iron ore, whieli are wrought extensively and with ranch profit, the metal obiainfcd being much sought after, and highly prized. Manufactures of almost every kinlished here. MoBRis, p. 0., Otaogo CO., 2T, Y. : 63 m. W. Albany. Morris, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 96 m. N. N. W. ITarrisburg. Drained by Pine cr. and its branches, which afford much water-power. Surface hiily; soil clayey and covered witli heavy liudter. Coal and iron ore are found. MoKKiSANiA, p. V. and sta., ■Westchester county, X. T. : 10 m. N. of the City Hull, in New York, by tlie Harlem R. R., 136 ra. S. Albany. It is in the S. part of West Farras t, on tuc E. side of me Harlem r., is laid out wiU» the reg- ularity of a city, and being r.ipidly built up Into a Buburb of the great metropr»ll8. Pop. about 3,000. Morris' Cuurcu, p. o., Cauipbell county, Virg. : 92 m. ■W. by 8. Kichmoud. C12 Morris' Cross Roajjs, p. o., Fayette co., Penn. : 148 ni W. by S. Harrisburg. MoRRiSDALK, p. o., Clearfield co., /Vim. ; about 8 m. TT. of Mushanon cr., 84 m, N. W. by AV. HarriabuFg. Morris' Hill, p. o., Alleghany co., Virff. : 146 m. W. by N. Richmond. Moriuson's Bldtt, p. o., Johnson co.. Ark.: on the right bank of the Arkansas, 83 ra. W. N. W. Little Rock. Morrison's Stone lIorsE, p. o., Monroe co., III. : about 1 ra. W. of Kaskaskia r, 107 ra. S. by W. Spriugfleld. Morrison's Tan- Yard, p. o., Mecklenburg co., 2i. Car.: US m. W. S. W. Kaleigh. - MoitRis' Plains, sta.. Mcrris co., H Jer.: 84 m. W. of Trenton, on the Morris and Essex R. R, Morristown, p. v., Henry co., /U.: about 3 m. 8. of Green r., on a small creek, 116 m. N. N. W. Spriugfleld. Morristown, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of Blue r., 24 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. The Knightatown and Shelbyville R. R. passes through it, 13 m. N. of Shelbyvillo. Morristown, p. v., and cap. Morris co., A^ Jer. : 41 m. N. by E. Trenton. It lies on an elevated plain, on the S. side of Whippany r., and is regularly laid out, with a largo square in the centre. It contains a court-house and jail, 3 academies, a bank, about 40 stores, and 3,000 inhabitants. Mamifaetures of varioua kinds are extensively carried on, p.irrieularly of paper, iron eastings, carriages, machinery, etc. The Morris and Essex R. R. p.asses through it 32 m. W. of New York. Three papers are published— the " Jer- seyman" (whig), and "Free Democratic Banner"' (dcm.), weekly, and the "New Jersey Freeman'' (abolitionist), monthly. The t. is called Morris, is well supplied with water- power by Passaic and Whippany rivers, and has an uuoven surface and fertile soil. Pop. of t. 4,992. Morristown, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., A*". Y. : on the St. Lawrence, 164 ra. N. W. by N. •Albany. Surface slightly rolling, and soil fertile. Black lake lies on the S. E. The V. is on the St Lawrence, and a regular landing-placo for steamboats. Pop. of t. 2.274. MoitRiSTOWN, t. and p. v., Lainoillo co.. Term. : 23 m. N. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. .ind its branches, which supply good mill privileges. Surface somewhat hilly; soil fertile, especially on the r. It is a fine farming t., exporting cattle, wool, and dairy products, to a large amount. The v. is on tlie r., and contains several stores and mills. Pop of 1 1.142. Morristown, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on M'Mahon'a cr of tlie OIiio.*99 nL E. by N. Columbus. It contains several stores and mills, and 455 inhabitants. MoiuusTowN. p. v., Grainger co., Te7in, : on a branch of Holston r.. 189 m. E. Nashville, MfmitisTOWN. p. o., Cass co., J\fo. : 131 m. W. Jefferson City. MoitnisviLLK, p. v., Hendrick's co., Ind.: on the Torre Hiiut4' and Richmond R. R., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. Moi'.niRViLLE, p. v., an9 m. E. Harrisburg. It is opposite Tren- ton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1,100 feet long, and has fine water privileges, whioh are improved by various extensive mannfaetoriea. It is 29 m. N. E. Philadelphia on tlio Philadelphia anTTVTLLE, p. T., Ouondaga CO., 2\\ Y, : on the outlet of Skaneatles lake. 141 m. TV. by N. Albany. It contains several stores, a foundry, machine shop, and 500 inhabit- anls. and lies 3 ra. S. of the Rochester and Syracuse E. E., with which a branch roa^l connects it MorLTON, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co.. Ahi.: near tho head of Big Nance cr. of the Tennessee, 1.51 m. N. N. TV. Montgomery. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and about 4O0 inhabitants. The "M. Advertiser'' (neutral) is published weekly. MotTLToxBORO', t., p. v.. and cap. Carroll co., Nl ITmnp. : 3S m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Red HiU and Melvia rivers. Surface hilly. Red Hill and Ossipee mouutains, large elevations, are within it, and much of it is occupied by ponds. Squam lake lies ou the TV., and Winuipiseogee lake on the S., into which a long neck extends. Soil fer- tile. Iron ore, and mineral springs containing sulphur, are fiiund. Numerous Indian relics have been dug up on the shores and on the islands of the lake. The village contains a court-house, jail, and an aoademj'. Pop. of t. 1.74S. Mon,TnNVTLLE, p. V., Madison co., III. : 72 m. S. by TV, Springfield. Moultrie county. III. Situate E. centrally, and contains 535 sq. m. Drained by Ka^kaskia r.. which flows through the S., and its branches. Surface undulating or level, largely open prairie, with good timber in the S., and scattered groves everywhere. Soil fertile, and excellent gniziug land. Com is the staple, and live-stock the principal export. On the Kaskaskia are good mill-sites. Farms 804; manuf. 11 j dwell. 554, and poj).— wli. 3.225, fr. col.9— total 3,2.34. Cap- Hal: Sullivan. Pithlic Works: Chicago Branch of Central Illinois R. E.; Terre Haute and Alton R. E., etc. Mon.TKiK. p. 0., Sparlauburg dist., S. Car. : 85 m. N.TV Columbia. Mon.TRiE, p. o. and !»ta., Colnmbinna co., Ohio: 3 m. 8. of Alliance, on the Cleveland and Pittsburg E. R. ^ ai3 MOU MOXt MoiTND Batou, p. 0., Tensas parish, La. : 98 in. N. Baton Kouge. Mound Citt, p. v., Crittenden co., Arl: : on Mississippi r., 8 m. above Memphis, \2'^ m. E. N. K. Little lioclc. MoirausviLLK. p. v.. Marslmll eo., Mrg.: on the Ohio r., at the mouth of IJig (inive cr.. '2:J6 ni. N. \V. Eicliraond ; on the creek, just above tlie v., are many mounds, one 75 feet hiijh and 4fii rods in circuit, on wliich is an observatory. The V. contains an academy, a stram flourinsr-niill, and several stores. Elizal)ethtown, the co. seat, lies opposite, on the upper side of the cr., and the two contain about l,5(t0 inhabitants. The "Marshall Brncon" (whig) is published •weekly. The IJaltimnrc and Ohio K. K. piisses through it, 11 m. 9. of Wheeling. Pop. of M. 446. MooNDviLLE, p. y., Marquette co., Wise. : 47 in. N. by E. Madison. MoirNT Adams, Coos Co., K. Jfamp. : a peak of the "White Mountains, 5,96(1 feet high. Mount Adams, Ot-eg. Ter.: an eastern spur of the Coast Eange, !at. 46° 12', and long. 1'210 20'. Mountain Cove, p. v., F.iyette co., Virff. : on the E. side of Great Kanawha river, 196 m. W. by N. Ulcbmond. A colony of 8]iiritualists and spirit mediums have commenced a settlement here, and publish a periodical, called the "Mountain Cove Journal," to propagate their views. Mountain Creek, p. o., Catawba co., 2i. Car. : about 8 m. W. of Catawba r., 124 m. W. Riileigh. MouNTATN Creek, p. o., Anderson dist, S. Car. : 103 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. Mountain Falls, p. o., Frederick CO., Yirg.: 117 m. N. N. W. Kiehmond. Mountain Grove, p. o., Bath co., Vlrg. : 87 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Mountain IIome, p. o., Lawrence county, Ala. : 153 ra. N. N. W. Montgomery. Mountain Uome, p. o., M'Dowell Co., JV! Car. : 194 m.W. Ealeigh. Mountain Shoatj, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: on the N. side of Ennoree r., 66 m. N. W. Columbia. Mountain Spring, p. o., Martin co,, Iiid. : 76 m. S. S. W. Indian a pnl is. Mountain Stand, p. c, Marshall co., Ala.: 119 m. N. Montgomery. Mountain Top, p. o., Augusta co., Tlrg. : 85 m. W. N, W. Eichmond. Mountain View, p. o., Abbeville dist.,^?. Car. : 88 m.W. Columbia. Mount Airy, p. v. and sta., Carroll county, Md. : on the Baltimore and Ohio E. K., 44 m. W. of Baltimore, 43 m. N. W. Annapolis. Mount Airy, p. o., Eandolph co,, Mo.: G4 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. Mount Airt, p. c, Hamilton county, Ohio: 88 m. S. W, Columbus. Mount Airt, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 53 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Mount Airy, p. o., Surry co., 2^. Car. : 116 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. The "Siamese Twins," of exhibitionary nolo liety, are settled here, and cultivate a large plantation. Mount Airy, p. o.,'Bledsoe co., Tenn.: about 2 m. W. of Sequatehy r., SS m. E. S. E. Nashville. Mount Airy, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virg, : on a branch of Dan r., 98 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Mount Alban. sta., Warren county. Miss. : 6 m. E. of Ticksburg, on the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon Rail- road. Mount Andrew, p. o., Barbour co., Ala. : 57 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Mount Auburn, p. o., Christian co.. III. : 19 m. E. by S. Springfield. Mount Auburn, p. ▼., Shelby co., 7;i^. ; about 2 m. E. of the Knightstown and Shelbyville E. E., 29 m. S. 3. E. Indianapolis. 614 Mount Baker, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Range, 10,340 feet high, in lat. 4S° 45', and long. 1310 30'. Mount Bebnandino, San Diego co., Calif.: an elevated peak of the Coast Range, in lat. 34°. and long. 1170. Mount Bethel, p. o. Northampton co.., Penn.: 118 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Mount Bethel, p. 0., Newberry dist., S. Car. : about 3 m. S. of Ennoree r, 36 in. N. W. Colunibi.a. Mount Blascuakd, p. v., Ilancock county, Ohio: on Blanchard's Fork of Maumee r., 81 m. N. W. Coluntbus. Mount Calvary, p. o., Davis co., la. : 78 m. S. W. by S. Iowa City. Mount Cambria, p. o., Niagara co., A^ i'. : 257 m. W. Albany. MnuNT Carbon, p. o., ITampshirc county, Virg. : 147 m. N. W. by N. Richmond. Mount Carbon, sta., Schuylkill co., Penn.: 34 ro. N. of Reading, on the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. The vi- cinity is noted for its anthracite mines. Mount Carmel, p. o., Ilenry co., Ga. : 64 ra. W. N. W. Milled geville. Mount Carmel, p. v., and cap. Wabash co., HI.: on the right bank of Wabash r., below the rapids, and opposite the mouth ot White r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. It has a favor- able site for trade and manufactures, and contains a courtp liouse and jail, about 30 stores and warehouses, several fliHiring-mills and machine shops, and 935 inhnbi'an'8. Mount Carmel, p. o., Franklin co., /"('. ; about 2 m. E. of Red Cedar Grove cr., 68 ra. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Mount Carmel, p. o., Fleming co., Ky, : 11 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Mount Carmel, p. o., Covington co., Miis. : 48 m. S. S. E. Jackson. Mount Carmel, p. 0., Cooper co., Mo. : 43 m. W. by N. JelTe-rson City. MtH'NT Carmel, p. 0., Clermont co., Oldo : 86 m. S. W. Columbus. Mount Carmel, p. 0., Halifax CO., Tirg : 83 m. S.W. by W. Richmond. Mount Carmel, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : SS m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Mount Carmel, p. o. and sta., New Haven co., Conn.: 8 m. N. of New -Haven, on the N. H. and Northampton Railroad. Mount Carroll, p. v., and cip. Carroll co.. III.: on a branch of Plum r., 10 m. E. of the Mississippi, and 162 m. N. by W. Springfiehl. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, sev- eral stores, and 4G2 inhabitants. Mount Chestnut, p. 0., Butler county, Penn.: 173 m. W. N.W. Harrisburg. Mount Clare, sta.. Baltimore co., Md. : on the Baltimore and Ohio R. R.. 2 m. from Baltimore. Mount Clemens, p. v.. and cap. Macomb co., Mich.: on the N. bank of Clinton r., 4 ra. from its enlmnee into Lake St, Clair. S5 m. E. by S. Lansing. It is favorably located for ship-building, having abundance of timber in its vicinity- is at the hiad of navigation, and communicatee by steam- boat w ilh i)(>rts N. anrl S. of it Gl.'U'ss is manufactured from a superior sand abundant here. It cont^iins a court-house and jail, a bank, an academy, several mills, and a dozen stores. Two papers, the "Macomb Gazette" (dem.). and the " Macomb County Herald" (whig"), are published weekly. Mount Clifton, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg. : 112 m. N. W. Richmond. JIouNT Clinton, p. o., Rockingham co., Yirg. .• 85 ol N. W. Richmond. Mount Clio, p. o.. Sumter disL, S. Car. : about 3 m. E. of Black r., 44 m. E. Columbia. Mount Comfort, p. 0., Hancock county, hid. : 24 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Mount Comfort, p. o., Fayette county, Tenn. : 153 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Mount Crawford, p. o., Eockingham co., Ttrg, : on a MOTJ MOU W- branch of Shenandoali river, 9S m- N. W. by W. Richmond. MoLTsT Ckogean, p. o., ChestcTflcid diet., S. Car. : 69 m. N. E. Columbia, Mount Dkfianck, Esiex co., JK K ; on the W. shore of Lake Cham{»Iuin, has an elevatioa of 750 fed above tide- water. MoLNf Besert, t and p. o., Hancoct CO., 3fs.: in the N. W. part of the island of that name, 72 ni. E. Auirnsl:u The soil is productive, but the chief business is the coasting trade — for this, ite sintjular p^jsition and excellent Jiarbors are peculiarly adapted. The fi^^herics are also very lucra- tive, and ship-building is carried on. Pop. 777. Mou>'T Db-shrt island. J/e. ; lies off the S. shore of the State, on the W. side of Frenchman's Bay, and forms a part of Hancock County. Its greatest length and breadth are 12 ami 15 m.. but the coast has many indentations, forming ex- cellent harbors, which i^ive it areat facilities fi>r the coasting trade and fisheries. It contjiius three towns, Eden, Mount Desert, and Trcraont and 3,8J9 inhabitants. MofXT Eatox, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 81 m. N. E. Columbus. Mount Eden, p. a, Spencer co.. Ay. ; 2-3 ra. W. by S. Frankfort. Mount Elba, p. o., Bradley co., Ark^ : on Saline r., 60 m. S. by E. Little Kock. MorxT Elos, p. a, Darlington dist, & Car. : about 6 m. E. of Lynch^ cr., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbia. Mount Eminence, p. o., Orange co., Vtr-g. : 56 m» N. N.W. Eichmond. Mount Emmons, Hamilton co., y. Y.: is an isolated peat, elevated about 3.500 feet above tide-watj-r. Mount Enteeprlse, p. o.. Rusk ex, Ter.: about 3 m. E. of Big Shawnee cT. of the Angelina, 216 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. MouNr EoLiA, p. a, Union po,. Go. : 143 m. N. N. W. Milled^c-vHIe. Mount Epheaim. p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 6S m. E. Columbos. It contains several stores and 121 inhabitants. Mount Etxa, p. v., iluntingion co.. Ind.: on the S. side of Wabash r.. 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapoiis. Mount Evebett, Berkshire oo., Mass. : one of the highest peaks of the Tai^hkannic range, lies in Mount Washin^on t in the S.W. comer of the State, and rises to the height of 2,634 feet. The summit is scantily covered with scrub-pine and bushes, but commands the grandest scenery in the State, overlooking mountains on all sides, and afTording glimpses of rare beauties between and beyon«l niem. Xear it is the Basbapish Fall, which descends 150 feel in twopir- pendicular leaps, and has worn out a dome-like cavity, called the '' Gorge," 194 feet deep. The wildness of the surrounding region and the grandeur of their localities, at- tract many tourists hither in the summer. MoT'ST Feeedou, p. o., Jessamine co., Ky. : 29 m. S. E. Frankfort >rouNT Freedom, p. o., Pendleton county, Tirg. : 123 m. K. W. by W. Richmond. Mount GALtAcnEE, p. o.. Laurens dist, S. Car,: about 3 m. E. of Saluda r., 71 m. "W. N. W. Columbia. Mount Gilead, p. o., Franklin cr».. Art. : on the S. side of Arkans.-!? r, 93 ra. TV. K. W. Little Rock. Mount Gilead, p. o., Mason co., iTy. ; 68 m. E. N. E. Frankfort MouNTGn.EAD, p. T., and cap. Morrow co., Ohio: on the E. branch of Whetstone r., 40 m. N. by E. Columbus, It is about Z m. E. of the Cincinnati, Cleveland, and C<»!umbus E. R., and in the vicinity are numerous mills and factories. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of Gilead t. 1.6S0. MorNT Gn.EAD, p. n., Montgomery co., X. Car.: about 3 m. N. of Tadkin r., 77 m. W.^S. W. Raleigh. MousT Gilead, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on KiUoctan MonntaiD, 106 m. N. Eichmond. It is regularly l^d out on a commanding elevation, and contains several stores and 150 inhabitanta, ' Mount Hawkins, p. o., Peny co., HI, : 122 m. S. by E. Springfield. Mot NT IIawlet, p. o.. Peoria co., lU. : about 8 m. W. mery. Mount Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 134 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Mount Hill, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 73 m* W. N. W. Columbia. Mount Hilliako, p. c, Pike county. Aid.: 42 m. S. E. Montgomery. Mount Hollt, p. o., Union co., Ark, : lOS m. S. S. W. Little Rock. Mount Hollt, p. v., Randolph co., /n<7, .• about S m. S. of Mississinewa river, and 2 m. W. of &e Ohio line, 73 m. E. N. E. In'lianapolis. Mount Holly, p. v., and cap. Burlington co., A'l Jer. : on the N. branch of Ranoociis cr., 16 m. S. Trenton. It lies al the head of navigation, and contains a couri-honse and jail, an academy, a bank, several mills for making paper, woolens, etc., and about 1,500 inhabitants. Two weekly papers, the " New Jersey Mirror" (whig) and " Mount Holly Ht-rald" (dem.). are published. A branch railroad, 6 m. long, connects it with the Camden and Amboy E. R. at Burlington. Mount Hollt, p. o., Warren county, Ohio: 7l m. S. W. Columbus. Mount Holly, t and p. o.. Rutland co.. Ffrm. : 51 m. S. by W. Montpelier, Drained by Black r. of the Connecti- out, and Mill r., a branch of Otter cr. Surface elevated, in parts mountainous; soil adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest, and furnishes for export large amounts of wool, beef, butter, and cheese. The Rutland and Burlington R. R. cross..-s the N. E. part Mount Holly sta., in the N. E., is 15 m. S. E. of Rutland. Pop. 1,534. Mount Holtoke, p. o., Henry co., Tenn. : 95 m. W. by N. Xash^ille. Mount Hood, Or^. Ter. ; a peak of the Coast Range, on the S. side of Columbia r., elevated about 12,000 feet abo7e the ocean. Mount Hope, p. o., Tyler county, Tear. : 209 ra. E. by N. Austin City. Mount Hope. p. o., LawTence co., Ala. : near the head of Town cr. of the Tennessee, 152 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Mount Hope. p. o., De Kaib co., Irid.: 12" m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Mount Hope, p. o., Delaware co., la. : 5i m. N. Iowa City. MorNT Hope, p. o., La F.iyette co., 3fo. : about 4 m. 8 of the Missouri. S7 m. W. N. W. Jefferson aty. Mount Hope, t and p. v., Orange county, M Y. ; 92 m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunfc cr. Surface hilly and broken ; soil gravelly loam, and adapted to graz- in*'; it is well timbered and supplied with water-power. Tannin'' and various manufactures are extensively prose- cuted. The village contains an academy and about 400 inhabitants. The Erie R. R. passes through the t Pop. of the t 1.512. Mount Hope, p. o., M'Lean co., lU.: 44 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. r MOU Mount Hope, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio : 74 m. N. E. by E. * Columbus. Mount Hope, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 37 m. E. by S. Harriabiirg. Here is a charcoal furnace of 1,450 Ions capacity. Mount Hope bay, R. J. : sets up from the N. E. comer of Narraganselt bay, between Bristol and Tiverton, and reecivfs the waters of Taunton river. Mount Hoiibb, p. o., Kelson co., Virg. : at the E. base of the Blue Kidge, S4 m. W. by N. i;iehinimd. Mount Ida, p. v., and cap. Moniironicry co., ArJc. : on Brushy fjrk of Washita r., 74 m. W. by S. Little liock. It contains a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. Mount .Ida, p. o., Montgomery co., £^1/. : 57 m. K. S. E. Frankfort. MuuNT Isabel, p. o., De Soto county, Jlt^s. : 171 m. N. Jackson. Mount Israel, p. o., Albemarle co,, Virg. : near the line of the Virginia Central K. it., at the base of the Blue KiJge, 78 m. W. N. W. Eichraond. Mount Jackson, p. v., I^awrence co., Penn, : on Hickory cr., 194 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is about 3 m. W. of Mahoning river, and tbe Beavtr and Erie Canal, and has goud water-power on the cr. above and below it, where are several mills and factories. It has a valuable trade, and contains a numb«- of large stores. Mount Jackson, p. o., Shenandoah co., Yirg. : on the N. fork of Shcnamloah r, 104 m. N. W. Kiciimond. Mount Jkfferson, p. o.. Chambers county, Ala. : 59 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. Mount Jeffeeson, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Eange, in lat 4AP 40', and iJng. 1210 32'. Mount Jefferson, Coos co., iV. J/iunp. : a N. peak of the "White Mountains, in the S. part of Randolph, 5,&60 feet above the ocean level. Mount Jefferson, p. o., Carroll co^ Iwi. : 57 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Mount Jot, t. and" p. 0., Lancaster co., Penn. : 17 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Chiques aud Cone- wago creeks, which supply good mill-seals. Surface rolling ; soil gravelly loam of excelk-nt quality, and well tilled. It has several flouriag-mills and other manufactures, and is fine grazing land. The Harrisburg and Lancaster il. li. crosses it, and Mount Joy station is 13 m. "W. of Lancaster. Population of t 2,C2G. Mount Kingston, p. 0., Montgomery ,co., Ut. ; about 4 m. W. of Shoal cr., 49 m. S. Springfield. Mount Kibko, p. o., ■Westchester CO., J^, Y^: 91 m. 8. Albany. Mount Lafayette, Grafton co., A^ JTamp. : lies on E. line of Bethlehem aud Franconia, and rises 4,723 feet above the ocean level. Mount Langiim, p. o., Iroquois co., III. : about 8 m. S. E. of the junction of Kankakee and Iroquois rivers, 133 m. N. E. Springfield. Mount Laueel, p. o., Halifax co., Vlrg. : about 2 m. "VN'. of Eoanoke r., 82 ni. W. S. "W. Eiehmond. MoiTN'T Laurel, p. v., Burlington county, A^ Jer. : 20 m. S. b. W. Trenton. Mount Lebanon, p. 0., Claiborne par.. La. : about 5 m. E. of Bayou Dorcheat, 1S7 m. N. W. by N. Baton Rouge. Mount Lebanon, p. 0., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. ; 87 m. N. W. byN. Columbia. Mount Level, p. o., Dinwiddie county, Virg. : near the South Side E. E., 23 m. S. S. W. Eiehmond. Mount LtpEETY, p. 0,, Marion co., III. : 95 m. S. S. E. Springfield. ilouNT LiBBBTY, p. T., Kjjox CO., Oh io ." 31 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Mount Lincoln, Hampshire co., Muss. : lies in the N. part of Pelham, and ia 1,24S ftet above the ocean level. Mount Madison, Coos co.. A". I/u/np. : a peak of the "White Mountains, 5,620 feet high above the ocean level. 516 MOU Mount Marot, Essex co., A^. Y. : lies in the S. part of Keene, and is the highest of the Adirondack group, being 5,467 feet above the ocean level. In the same t. are other peaks almost as high. Mount M'Intibe, Essex county, A'; Y. : a peak of the Adirondack group in Keene, has an elevation of 5,1S3 feet above the ocean. Mount M'Laughlin, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Eange, in lat 43° 36', long. 121° 50'. Mount M'Maetin, Essex county, A; Y.: a peak of the AduromJack group In Keene, is about 5,000 feet above tide- water. Mount Meigs, p. o., Montgomery co., Akt. : about 4 m. 3. of Tallapoosa r., 13 m. E. Montgomery. Mount Meridian, p. v., i*ulnam co., Ind. : on Deep cr., 34 m.W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road connects it with the New Albany and Salem E. It. Mount Meridian, p. o., Augusta co,, Virg. : on the base of the Blue Eidge, S4 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Mount Metawampe, Hampshire co., JIass. : lies on the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Sugar-loaf Mountain, and between Sunderland and Leverett, It is about 1,100 feet high, and wooded to the summit, which commands a more extensive but less beautiful view than Holyoko. At ita base are ''Sunderland Cave," and the "Eoarmg Brook." Mount Monroe, Coos co.. A^ Hump. : a peak of the White Mountains, 5,510 feet above tide-water. Mount Moriah,p. o., Hempstead co., Arl'. : on a S. afflu- ent of Little Missouri r., 95 m. S. W. Little Eock. Mount MoKiAn, p. o., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car. : 117 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Mount MoiiLin, p. o., Brown county, Ind. ; 43 m. 9. Indianapolis. Mount Mobne, p. o., Pike county, Ga. : 74 mUea "W. Milledgeville. Mount Morris, Essex county, K. Y,: ^ peak of the Adirondack group, 4,576 feet above the ocean level. Mount Morris, p.- v., Ogle co., JU. : on Pino cr. of Eoct river, 159 m. N. Springfield. It contains a flourishing sem- inary, several manufactories of farming and mechanical im- plements, and 600 inhabitants. The " M. M. Gazette" (whig) is published weekly. Mount Morris, t. and p. v., Livingston co., N.Y.; 21S m. "W. Albany. Drained by Genesee r. and its branch, Casha- qua cr., which supply abundant water-power. Surface va- ried : portions are high table land ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of wheat. It is a superior farming t,, with extensive and valuable manufactories of flour, woulen goods, leather, iron castings, etc. The village, half a mile E. of the Genesee, has excellent water-power obtained from the r. by a dam and raceway, and a favorable location for trade, lying on the Genesee Valley Canal, 37 m. S. of Eochester. It con- tains an academy, several flouring and other mills, a fur- nace, 30 stores, and 1,500 inhabitants. Population of t. 4,531. Mount Morris, p. v., Greene co., Penn. : on Dunkard'9 cr. of the Monongahela, 16S m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. It lies on the Virginia line, and cont^uus several mills. Mount Mout.ne, p. o., Iredell county, JT. Car. : 115 m, "W. by S. Ealeigh. Mount Nero, p. o,, Lancaster co., Penn. : 46 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Mount Nebo, p. o., Yadkin co., A'l Car. ; 129 m.W. N.W. Ealeigh. Mount Niles, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala^ ; on Canoe cr. of Coosa r., 95 m. N. Montgomery. Mount Norwottuck, Hampshire co., Jfass. : on E. peak of the Holyoke range, 4 m. from the Connecticut, separating Amherst and Granby ; is, next to Mount Holy- oke. th^' highest of the chain, having an elevation of SOO fcfl. anil commands a line view N. and S. Mount Ouve, p. 0., Coosa county, Ala. : 39 m. N. by E. Moutgomerj-. MOU MOU Mor>T Olite, p. o., Macoupin co., lU. : 46 m. S. S. "W. Springfield. MuTNT Olivt;, p. o., Elkhart co., Ind.: 1*23 ni. N. by E. Indianapolis. Mount Olitb, p. 0., Clermont co., Ohm: 79 m. S. "W. Columbus. MoLTNT Olive, p. o., St Mary's county, Md.: 46 m. S. Annapniia. MorNT Olite. p. o., Izard co., ArJc, : on the loft bonk of White r., S3 m. N. by E. Little Rnclc. Mount Olivet, p. o., Bracken co., A'y. : 03 m. N. E. FranUfurf. Mdi'NT Palatine, p. o., Putnam co., III. : 93 m. N. by E. Bprin^tirld. Mount pARTnESON. p. c, Newton county, Arl::,: 9T m. N. W. by N. Little Kock. Mount Pelia, p. o., Weakley county, Tenn.: 117 m. W. by N. Nashville. Mount Pekkv, p. o., Perry county, Ohio : 40 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Mount Petrea, p. c, De Witt co., Ttx. : S2 m. S. by E. Austin City. Mount Pinson, p. o., Jefferson co., Aki. : SS m. N. by W. Montgomery. M(.uNT PiNSON, p. 0., Jnokson co., Ark. : S5 m. N. E. by N. Liltle Eock. Mount Pinson, p. o., Madison co., Temi. : 124 m. W. by S. Na-^hville. Mount PrsoAn, p. o., Alexander county, N. Car. : 129 m. W. by N. lialeigU. Mount Pisuah, p. o.. La Grange co., Itvl. : 132 nuN. N. E. Indianapolis. Mount Plsgah, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S6 ra. S. W. Columbus. Mount Pitt, Oregon Ter.: a peak of the Cascade or Coast Range, on the W. side of Klamath lake, in laL 42° 23', long. 122° 17'. Mount Pleasant, t. and p. o., Greene co., n7.S('. ; 24 m. 8. by W. Madison. Drained by a W. branch of Sugar r., on which are good mill-seats. Surface mostly even, and soil productive of com and grass. Lead is found. Pop. D7l), Mount Pleasant, p. o., Monroe co.. Ala.: about 4 m. E. of Alabama r., 104 m. S. W. Montgomery. Mount Pleasant, p. o., Carroll co., Ark. : 103 m. N. N. W. Litllo Kock. Mount Pleasaut, p. o., Union co.. III.: 167 m. S- by E. SpringJ1..1d. M"unt Pleasant, p. v., Martin co., Ind. : on the W. side of the E. nwk of White r., S4 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It was the former cap. of the co., and conliiins several stores, and 350 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Henry co., la.: about 2 m. K. of liig er., CI m. S. Iowa City. It lies on elevated ground, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, ami numerous stores. A heavy business is done here in the products of a large and fertile district. Two papers, the '■ Iowa Observer" (whig), and the " True Democrat," are published weekly. Pop. 75S. Mount Pleaj?ant, p. v., and cap. Titus co., Tex. : about midway between White Oak and Big Cypress bayous, 272 m. N. E. Austin City. It is a thriving settlement, containing county buildings and several stores. Mount Pleasant, p. o,, Frederick co., Md. : 53 m. N. W. Annapolis. Mount Pleabant, p. v., Oakland county, Mlc?i. : 44 m. E. by X. Lansing. Mount Pleasant, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: 86 ni. W. by S. Mill edge V ill e. Mount Pleasant, p. o., Lawrence co., Jfo. : on the W. ba.se of the Ozark Mountains, 149 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Mount Pleasant, p. v., Hunlerdon co., N". Jer.: S m. E. of Delaware r., 2S ra. N. W. by N. Trenton. Mount Pleasaj^t, p. o., Saratoga co., j.V. Y. I Mount Pleasant, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio : 115 m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Short cr., which supjiliest fine water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. A gnod grazing t., which manufaoiures fluur, leather, woolens, ni^ri- cultural itiiplements, etc., to a large amount. The v. con- tains a bank, an academy, a dozen stores, and SOU inhabiuints. Pop. of t. 1,S4S. Moi'NT Pleasant, p. o., Cabarras co.. X. Car, : on Dutch BuflTalcj cr. of lioeky r., 93 m. W. hy S. Raleigh. Mount Pleasant, t. and p. v., Westmoreland co., Perin. 189 m. W. by S. Ilarrishurg. Drained by Jacob's cr. Sur- face moderately uneven; soil a feriiie gravelly loam. A superior farmmg and grazing t. The v. contains a tlouriug mill, tannery, several stores, and 7uU inhabitanls. , Mount Pleasant, p. o., Maury co., Ttinu: about 2 m. E. Duck r., 45 m. S. S. W. Nashville. Mount Pleasant, p. o., Spotlsj Ivania co., ^^rg.: 41 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Mount Pleas.vnt, t. and p. o., Racine co.. Wise: about 6 m. W. of Lake Michigan. S3 m. E. S. E. Madison. Sur- face rolling; soil prairie, of great fertility. Grain and dairy products are the staples. Pop. 1,0*5. Mount Ple^vsant p. o., Caldwell par.. La. : 134 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. Mount Pleasant Mills, p. o., Union co, Peiin.: on a branch of W. Mahantango cr., 83 m. N. by W. llarrisburg. Mount Polk, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : on an E. branch of Coosa r., 99 m. N. by E. Montgomery, Mount Prospect, p. v., Crawford county, Ind.: 90 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Mount Peospect, p. o., Whitesides co,, III.: 142 m. N. by W. Sijringlield. Mount Puospect, p. o., Obion county, Toin.: 127 m. W. by N. Nashville. Mount Pulaski, p. o., Sangamon co., HI. : 23 m. E. by N. Springfield. Mount Raixtee, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Range. IU.231 feet high, in lat. 40^ 47', long. 121o 33'. Mount Rook, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn. : 17 m. W. S. W. llarrisburg. Mount Rose. p. v., Mercer co., K. Jer.: 10 m. N. by E. Trenton. Mount St. Helens, Ort'g. Ter. : a jjcak of the Cascade Range, 12,000 feet high, on the N. side of Columbia r., in lat. 460 13'. Mount St. Joseph's, Sliasie co.. Calif. : a peak of the Sierra Nevada, near Ibe E. line of the State, in lat. 41° oC. Mount Salem, p. o., Kanawha couuty, Virg. : 21S m. W. N. W. Richmond. Mount Salem, p. o., Sussex county, y. Jer. : 57 m. N. Trenton. Mount Savage, p. v., Alleghany co., MI. : on Jennings Run, 133 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. The Mount Savage Iron Works are located here, and a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio R. K., 10 m. long, diverges from Cumberland to this place. It is one of the best mintug regions of the Union. Mount Savage, p. o., Carter county, Ay..- 107 m. E. Frankfort. Mount Seeene, p. o., Barbour co., Ala.: GO m. E. S. G. Mnntgomcry. Mount Seward, Franklin co., X. Y.: a branch of the Adirondack group, with an clevaiiou of 4,000 feet above the ocean. Mount Shaste, Shast6 co., Calif. : a peak of the Coast Range, 14,390 feet high, in lat. 41^ 34', long. 12P 43'. Mount Sidney, p. v.. Auguslaco., Virg. : 9S m. W. ^. W. Kichmond. It is about 4 m, N. of Mir its produce and manufactures in all direc- tions. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, an aca»X- emy, a bank, several flouring-niills, foundries, manufactories of railroad equipments, etc. Three newspapers are pub- lished weekly, tho "Democratic Banner," "M. V. Free Whig," and " Ohio Times" (free soil). Pop. 3,710. Mount Vernon, p. o., Linn co., la. : N. Iowa City. MoirNT Vernon, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 53 m. E, S. E. Harrisburg. Mount Vernon, p. v.. Providence co., R. I. : on a small branch of Moosup r., 17 m. W. by S. Providence. Mount Vernon, p. o., Monroe co., T&nn. ; 143 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Mount Vernon, Fairfax co., Virff. : on the W. side of the Potomac, 6 ra. below Alexandria, was the residence of George Washington. Here ho died, and here, on an emi- nence commanding a wide view of tJio noble river, his re- mains repose. Mount Vrsw, p. o., Davidson co., Tertn. Mount View, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : 63 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. MorxTviLLE, p. V. and sta., Lancaster co., Penn.: 8 m. W. of Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia R. E., 2S m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg, Mountville, p. v., Troup county, Ga. : 109 miles W. Milledgeville. Mountville, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. .' 53 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. - Mountville, p. o., Loudon county, Virg.: 89 m, N. Eichmond. Mount Vinco, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 64 ra. W. Richmond. Mount Vkion, p. v., Otse^ co., N. Y. : on Otsego cr. o^ Susquehanna r., 70 m. W. Albany. It contains a woolen factory and several mills. Mount Warrkn, p. o., Weakley county, Tenn. : 112 m. W. by N. Nashville. Mount Washington, p. o., Morgan, county, Ind. : 27 m. S. W. Indianapolis. MOU MUL Mount Washington, p. o., Bullitt co., Ky.: about 4 m. N. of Salt r.. 3S ni. W. S. W. Fninkfort. Mount Washington, Coos co., N. ITamp. : is the highest peak of the White Mountains, being 6,423 feet above the ocean level. Its top, always covered with snow, is visible to mariners when more than 50 ra. from shore, or about 125 m. distant. Mount Washington, p. o., Steuben co., K. T. : 1S2 m. "W. by S. Albany. Mount Washington, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., 3f. Inflianapolis. It is regularly built on elevated ground, and has a heavy trade in the products of a rich grain region. It contains a court- house ami jail, an academy, 20 stores, and 1,000 inhabit;mt8. Two newspapers, the '* Whig Banner*' and " Munciet^mian,"' are published weekly. It is on the Indianapolis and Belle- fontaine U. R., IS m. E. of Andersontown, and will be intersected by the Fort Wajnie and Southern K. li. MuNCY, p. b., Lycoming co., I'enJi. : about 1 m. E. of the Susquehanna, and S. of Muney cr., 64 ra. N. Uarrisburg. It is largely engaged in the lumber trade, and contains a dozen stores, and 910 inlialiitants. The W. branch division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes it 24 m. N. of Northum- berland. The '• M. Luminary" (whig) is issued here weekly. The t. is Muney Creek, and has a hilly surface and clayey soil; drained by Big and Little Muncy creeks. It is well timbered, and contains several woolen factories. MusDT, U and p. o., Genusee co., Mich. : 45 m. E. by N. Lansing. Brained by Swart/.'s cr. and other S. affluents of Flint r., which supply good water-power. Surface rolling; soil sandy loam, in parts covered with pine. Pop. 786. MuNFOKDSviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hart co., Ky. : on the N. Bide of Green r., 79 m. S. W. Frankfort It has a valuable trade in corn and tobacco, and contains a court-house and jail, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. Mungkr's Mills, p. o., Shannon co.. Mo.: 9S m. S. E. by B. Jefferson City. MuNGO Park, p. o., Washington co., Penn.: 1S4 m. W. Harrisburg. MtTNNsviLLE, p. V., Madison co., N'.T.: on Oneida cr., 9S m. W. by N. Albany. It contains a flouring mill, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. MuNNTowN, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 163 m. W. Harrisburg. MuNNviLLE, p. v., Coshocton CO., Ohio: 63 m. E. N. K. Columbus. MuNsoNTiLLE, Putnam county, Flor.: 163 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. MuNsoNviLLE, p. v., Cheshire county, N. Uamp. : 83 m. W. S. W. Concord. MuRAT, p. o., Paulding co., Ohio: 118 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. MuRDocKsvTLLE, p. V., Washington co., Pewn. : 176 m. W. Harrisburg. Murfre'r PepOt, p. c, Southampton co., Virg. ; 52 m. a S. E. Ilichmond. MuRFRFFsitORO'. p. V., Piko CO., Ark. : on the E. side of Hickory cr. of Little Missom-i r., 97 m. S. W. by W. Little Bock. 520 McRFREESBOEo', p. V., Hertford co., N. Car. : on the S. side of M'.-herrin r., 93 m. E. N. E. lialeigh. II conhiins an academy and several stores, and has a large traiie in lumber. Mcrfreksboro', p. b., and cap. liutherford co., 'J\mn.: on aJbranch of Stone r., 2S m. S. E. Nashville. It is well laid out on an eminence overlooking a very fertile region of corn and tobacco bind, and is neatly built, mostly with brick. It was formerly the capital of the State ; and h:is a heavy trade in the products of a large and higlily cultivated district. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, an academy, college, many large stores and warehouses, and about l,t'SO inhal>- itants. Union College was founded here, in 1S4^, and in 1850 had 5 inslruetors, 6 alumni, 100 studi.'nts, and 2,000 volumes in ils library. The " K. Telegraph" (whig), and " Circle of Honor'' (temp.), are published weekly. It is on the Nashville and Chattanooga K.Il., 33 m. from Nashville. MuEi'UET, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co.. A*". Cur. : at the confluence of Valley and Iliwassee rivers, 313 m. W. byS. lialeigh. It lies in a valley, with a superior farming district around il, and several thriving manufactories in the vicinity. It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 400 inbal)itants. The " Cherokee Sentinel*' is published weekly. MtTRniKEE's Valley, p. o., Blount co., Ala.: 107 m. N. Montgomery. Murphy's, p. o., Calaveras co., Calif.: on Stanislaus r., 94 m. E. by S. Vallejo. MuRruvsEOBOUGU, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., III. : on the right bank of Big Muddy r., 143 m. S. by E. Spring- field. Il has a valuable trade, and ships large quantities of grain down the r. It contains a court-house and jail, several stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitiiuts. MuRi'insviLLE, p. v., Miison co., Ky. : on an E. branch of Licking r., 67 m. E. N. E. FrankforL MuREAY county, Ga. ^tuate N, W., and contains 5S6 sq. m. Drained by Coosawaite and Conna-sauga rivers, head waters of the Coosa. Surface much broken by ranges of hills and mountain spurs, but finely diversified with valleys of good size and great fertility. Corn is the largest product ; wheat of excellent quality and some cotton are grown. Superior grazing abounds, fine dairies are kept, and wool is sheared largely. The streams furnish many mill-seats, which are fast being occupied with fiourishmg raanufacttiries. Iron ore is found, and valuable mineral springs. Farms 1,0;.{4; manuf. 25; dwell. 2.047, and pop.— wh. 12,492, fr. col. 11, si. 1,930— total, 14,433. Capital: Spring Place. PuhUc. Woi'ks: East Tennessee and Georgia B. R., and Western and Atlantic R. R. Murray, p. o., Wells co., IiuL : 73 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Murray, p. v.. Callaway co., Ky.: on the E. siy Cedar r. and its brandies. Surface rolling; soil very fertile. Corn, wheat, oata, and potatoes, are excellent crops. It is a very fine farming county, and almost as good for grazing. The streams atford abundant water-power, and the location is very favoralile for commerce, making it the thoroughfare of the immigration and transportation of a large back country. Farms 4(10; manuf. ly; dwell. 999, and pop. — wh. 5,663, fr. col. 6S— total 5,731. Cai)lkd : Muscatine. MuscATiNK (formerly IJloomington), p- v., and cap. Mus- catine CO., Id. : on the Mississippi, 32 miles below Daven- port, 31 m. S. K. by E. Iowa City. It has an excellent steamboat landing, and is a large commercial place, being the shipping ])ort of the rich district between Iowa City and the Mississippi, llie trade of which it mostly coninftinds. It has advantages for trade and couiracrce which must make it a place of great wealth ananon co.. Penm. ; on Tulpehocken cr. and the Uniun Canal, 31 ra. E. by N. llurrisburg. The "M. Gazette" (dem.) is published weekly. I'op. 4i)0. MvERSviiLE, p. v., Frederick county, MrL : 67 m. N. W. Annapolis. Myers' Mili^, p. o., Vermillion co.. PL: on the N. furk of Big Yermillion r., 109 m. E. by N. Springfield. Myrick's. sta., Bristol co.. Mam. : on llie Fall River K. K. and New Bedford and Taunton K. E. at their intersection, 12 m. from Fall liiver and 14 ra. from New IJedfnrd. MvirrLE SriiiNGS, p. o., Bowie co., Tex.: 291 m. N. E. Austin City. MvsTic, p. v., New London county, Conn.: on Mystic r., 45 m. S. E. Hartford. Mystic Bridge, p. v.. New London county. Conn.: on Mystic r., 2 m. above its mouth, 48 m. S. E. Hartford. The V. lies on i)oth aides of the river, which is spanned by a toll bridge, and is navigable for vessels of 400 tons burden. Ship-building and the coasting and West India trade aro the leading interests of the v., which contains 2 banks, an academy, and aijout 1,000 inhabitants. Mystic IIiver, p. o., New London co.. Conn. : 47 m. S. E. Hartford. N: Naaman'k Creek, p. o. and sta.. New Castle co., Del. : on Naaman's cr. of Delaware r., and on the Philadelphia and Baltimore E. R., 20 m. S. W. Philadelphia. Naausay, p. 0., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. N. E. Springfield. NAGOfiPocnES county, Tex. Situate toward tlie N. E.^ and contains 94S sq. m. Drained by branches of Attoyac r., which forms its western boundary, and by branchea of An- gelina r., whicli runs on the S. W. and W. Surface level, or gently undulating ; soil very fertile, particularly on the At- toyac and Angelina rivers, where the land is rich and well adapted to the culture of cotton, com, and fruits of difitrent kinds. Grapes arc abundant, and might, with cultivation, be rendered valuable. It is well wo{)ded. and has some flno springs and streams of clear mnntng water of excellent quality. It contning some minerals. Farms 297; manuf. ? ; dwell. 631, and po[).— wh. 3,75S, fr. col. 31, .si. 1,404— total 5,193. Capital: Nacogdoches. PuIHq Works: Spanish Military lioad. 521 NAC NAN Nacogdoches, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tkp. ; is on an elevated angular plain, between and above the junc- tion of the beautil'ul streams Bonito, on Uie W., and La- nana, on Ihe E., the main branches of Uayou Lanana, 210 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. This v. was one am^ng the first settled by Ihe Spanish in Texas, and grew to con- siderable importance ; but under the wars with Mexico it Buffered greatly. In 1S3'2, the Mexican Centralist troops were expelled by the citizens and inhabitants of the neigh- boring country. It is now rapidly progressing in prosperity. Nacooche, p. o., Habersham co., Oa. : IIS m. N. by W. Milled gov i lie. Naglksville, p. v., Monroe county, Penv. : 96 m. N. E. Harrisbiu-g. Cobb's Gap R. R. passes through this village. Nauant, peninsula and p. o., Essex eo., J/aw. ; 9 m. N. E. Boston. This peninsula is part of the town of Lynn, from which it projecls S. 4 m. into Massachusetts Bay, form- ing on the E. side Nahant Bay, and on the W. side Lynn Harbor. It consists of four parts: Long Beach, Little Na- hant, Bass Neck or Nahant Beach, and Great Nahant, Long Beach, which connects it witli Lynn, is H ra. in length, smooth and very hard, aflFording a most delightful ride. Little Nahant conUiins 43 acres, of which a part is cultivated. Bass Neck connects this with the outer and main portion of the peninsula, called Great Nahant, or more generally, Naliant, which i%2 ni. long, in parts \\ m. wide, and contains 463 acres. The surface is uneven, being from 40 to 100 feet above the level of the sea. The shores mostly consist of precipitous rocks, with a great depth of water below. At times the roar of the ocean surge is sul> lime. In fair weather Ihe scenery is delightful. During the summer months it is greatly resortetl to from Boston and yicinity, by steamboats hourly plying. A large hotel and other boarding-houses provide excellent accommodations. Naumvoo bay, Door co., WUc : an inlet of Green Bay, W. from Sturgeon Bay. Nahitnta, p. 0. and sta., Wayne co., N'. Car. : on AVil- mington and ^Veldon R. R., 10 m. N. Goldsbnro', 42 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. Nail Factory, p. o., Gaston county, N. Cay. : 133 m. W. S. W. Rakigh. Naihs, p. o., Scioto CO., Ohio: 75 m.S. by E. Columbus. Namautun, p. 0., Marquette co., Wise, : 55 m. N. by E. Madison. NAiiASKET river, Bristol co., Mass. : unites with Bridge- water r. in Taunton. Namebin lake, La Pointe co., Wise. : one of the sources of Bad r., 24 m. S. S. W. from its entrance into Lake Superior. Nauekegon river, La Pointe CO., TTisc; rises in Nidjikwe lake, drains S. part of La Pointe county, and is a head branch of St Croix river. Namozine, p. o., Amelia CO., Virg.: on Namozinc cr., 2T m. W. S. AV. Richmond. Nanafalia, p. v., Marengo co., Ala. : on the E. side of Tombigbee r., 1 m. from the bluff and landing, 99 m.W. by S. Montgomery. Nancemont, p. o., Cass co., lU. : 24 m. N. "W. by W. Bpringfield. Nanjemoy, p. v., Charles co., Md. : "W. of Nanjemoy Bay, 47 m. S. W. Annapolis, is a port, and has considerable trade. Nanjemot bay, Charles co., 3fd. : a small inlet on E. side of Potomac r., S m. S. "W. Port Tobacco. Nankin, t. and p. o., "Wayne co., ^fich. : 64 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the "VV. and S. branches of Rouge r. Surface undulating ; soil sandy loam ; is flr^t-rate grass land. There is considerable water-power on both branches of the Rouge. The greater portion of this and adjoining towns is heavily timbered. Pop. 1,617. Nankin, p. v., Ashland co., O^do : on a bratich of "Wal- bonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Nansemond county, Virff. Situate S. E., and contains 52a 444 sq. m. Drained by branches of Nansemond r., which falls into James r., on the N- border. Surface even ; soil in general fertile, and produces good crops of coitr>n, Indian corn, etc. It contains a portion of the Dismal Swatnp and Aake Drummond. which supplies the Dismal Swamp Canal by a feetter five miles long. Earms 731 ; manuf 82 ; dwell. 1,52a. and pop.— wh. 5.425, fr. col. 2,14=3, si. 4,715— total 12,2S.3. Copital: Suffolk. Public Worku: Sea-hoard and Roanoke R. R,; Petersburg and Norfolk R. R.; Dismal Swamp Canal, etc. Nansemond river, Nansemond CO., Virff.: rises in Dismal Swamp, and from Suffolk to its entrance into Hampton Rt)ads, is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. Nantasket, sta., Plymouth co.. Mans.: on South Shore R. R., 19 m. from Boston. NAN^feuET Beacu, peninsula, Plymouth co., J/(/a9. ; 9 m. E. S. E. Boston. This peninsula, in Boston harbor, which is part of the ancient town of llidl, is now a place of much resort during the summer months from Boston and vicinity. A fine steambo-it makes several trips daily. Here are nu- merous houses of entertainment, opportunities for bathing, fishing, etc. Nantasket Road, Mass. : one of the main entrances into Eoslon harbor, S. of the light-house ; affords good anchor- age, with five or sLx fathoms water. Nanticoke river, Del. and Md. : rises in Sussex co., Del.y flows S. AY. in Md., receives Marshy lU'pe r., and enters a braiicli of Chesapeake bay, by a wide estuary, 45 m. from its source. Nanticoke, hund., Sussex co., DH. : 30 m. S. Dover. Drained by creeks of Nanticoke r., which form ila "W. bound- ary. Area, 63,910 acres. Nanticoke, p. v., Luzerne co., Perm. : on S. side of E. branch of Susquehanna r., 75 ra. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Nanticoke Falls, /*e/i?t.; in Susquehanna r.,8 m. below "Wilkesbarre. A dam which is here erected for feeding the North Branch Canal, supplies a vast quantity of surplus water and great water-power. Nanticoke Springs, p. v., Broome co., iVl T.: 126 m.W. by S. Albany. Contains a sulphur-spring, hotel, etc. The v. is in t of Nanticoke, which is drained by head branches of Nanticoke cr. ; has undulating surface. Pop. of U 576. Nantucket county, Mass. : situate in the Atlantic ocean, and comprising the island of Nantucket and other smaller islands adjacent: tlie main island is distant from Martha's Vineyard 10 m. E., and from Cape Cod 30 m. S., and contains an area of 50 sq. m. Surface in the S. level, in the N. somewhat elevated ; soil in general barren, and no tree or shrub of any size is to be found on the island. Most of the land is common, on wliich large numbers of cattle are fed. The inhabitants arc chiefly employed in navigation and the fisheries. Off the S. E. of the islan0 bnles of cotton, or 1,800,000 lbs., 50.1IOO lbs, siiin-h, t'lc. The ini\ohlnc-.*hop, built by (he Nashua Company in 1S45. is occupicil by inan- ufacturors of sti-aui-engines. machinists' tools, lockn. guns, axes, etc., jiiul here several humlrcd nun arc tMuployctl. The ''Nashua Iron Company,'' cHtaMishcd in 1S4S. have a capital of :f 100,000. and employ GO men; tlu-y use 3.500 tons coal yearly; their .obbins employs 120 men ; yearly sales. $lOO.<)Oti. Therv: are other Inrjro factories, fvumdries of stoves, larjie iron ca.«tinirs, etc. Summary of N. cotton nmn- uractures: no. of spiniUcs, 49.094; looms, 1.4S3; mule ope- ratives, 240 ; females. 1.'200 ; yards mnnuracturcd. 18,000.000 ; capital invested. $1.4S0,000. The total capital invested in factories in N. is about $2,000,000; male op^-ratSvcs, 1,000; females, l..^O0. The Nashua and -lacksou Ci>mpanics each Imve n savings institution for tlicir employees. Four rail- roads connect N. with the largo towns mijaeenl, viz., I.owoll and Nashua, Worcester and Nashua, Nashua and Wilton, and Concord K. K. There are 2 banks, capital $'22rM'0ii. and T churches. Three newspapers are published weekly: * "N. 11. Telegraph" (wliig), " N. Gazette" (dem.), "The Oasis" tlit.) Pop. 5,S20. NASnrA river, X Hump, and ^f^us.: rises in Worcester CO., JAma, being formed by 2 branches uniting in Lancas- * ter, flows chiefly in a N. N. E. course, and empties into Merrimac r.. at Nashua, JV' Ihimp. NASimi.i.FT p. v., Lee co., Ta, : on the W. bank of Mis- sissippi r., SO m. S. by K. Iowa City. Nasuvili.k, p. v.. and cap. Washington cp.y lU.: at the beads of Little Crooked creek of Illinois r., 102 m. S. by K. Springfield. It contains a courl-housc, several stores, and about 40 dwellings. N.vsnviLLE, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Ind, ; SO m. S. by W. Indianapolis. N.vsirvrLLE, p. v., Lo\\'ndes co., J/»a: on the N. bank of Tombigbee r., at junction of Kincadcs cr., 1'2C m. N. E. Jackson. Nashville, p. v., Boone Co., Mo. : on N. side of Missouri river, 24 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. NAR^^^LLE, t., p. v., and sta.. Ilillsbomugh co., A1 Hump. : on W. side Merrimac r., and N. side of Nashua r. The v., In S. E. part of t., is connected with Nashua village, nud contains numerous factories. Pop. 8,122. Nashville, p. o., Chautauque co\mty. A' T. : 270 m. W. Albany. Nashtillk, p. v., and cap. Nash co., 2r. Car. : on S. side Stony cr. of Tar r.. 80 m. N. E. Raleigh. Nashville, p. v., Holmes county, Ohio: 41 m. N. E. Columbus. Nasuxtllt:, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. Davidson co., ^ T. »n., and cap. of the State of Teimesseo : on the left bank of tlie Cumberland river, 120 m. above its entrance into the Ohio, and at the head of steamboat navigation thereof. Lat. 360 09' S8", and long. 860 49- 03"— 714^ m. W. by S. Washington. The city is built on an elevated blufl' of lime- stone, and on every side presents to the approaching ir.iv- elcr an imposing appearance. From CajMlol Hill, within be city, a more interesting socne is sehloni witnessed. Covering the base of the hill, and crowding to the extremcst margin of the business-laden Cumberland, Is the city itself, its streets alive with the bustle of an active commerce, and ^ Its suburbs literally growing under the eye of the spectator. ^ Summnding it with a bordt-r of be.iutiftU cultivation, lie extensive and valuable farms, intersected by numerous turn- pikes, which, centering in the city, radiate to opposite neigh- borhoods; and in every direction is seen the railroad, com- plete and incornplote. which will open outlets to one of the richest agrieultiiral and mining regions of the great West ; and fiprdinir in all to a quiet security, rise a range of low CM and pleasant hills, partly covered with natl\o cedars, and uiionied with gracefld d\*ellings. But il is not altogether the natural beauties of the locality that allnict the traveler^ attention : the country for miles aromui is rich in soil and ' rnhouuding in minerals, yielding to industry a cotniK'iisatory reward, and l*> commerce materia! of no mean valuation. Nashville was laiil out at the latter part of the last century, but nUhough always a place of some consideration, the tido of its prosperity rose slowly until within the last half tho term of its existence. In 1S80 it contained only5,5CG inhab- itants, and oven in IS-IO only 6,929. In 1^50 iis popuhitiou had increased to 10,47?, or in the ratio of rd.2 per cent, in the deea99 m.. and to tlie latter .')S:i m.; I 1 tho New Orleans and Nashville 11. It., extending S. W. ia the direction of the flrst nameil place; the Memphis and Nashville R. II. ; the Nashville ami Paris U. R. ; the Nash- ville and Ilendersnn It. Tt. ; the Louisville :md Nashville Railroad, and the Lexington and Nashville XI. U. Of theso several lines only the first is comi>leted, but m*>st of tho others are progressing, or under contract to bo built forth- with, and the whole system will probably he in operation in three or four years fVom the 1st Jan.. IS-'i^. These, when completed, will connect tliis commercial centre with every part of the Union— with the Cult", the Ohio and Mi'*sissippl, the great lakes, and the Atlantic, from Maine t.» Florida — and uuike il one of the most important roeeiving and dis- tributing dep6ls of the internal commerce of tho central valley. The city was originally laid out on a plot of 200 acres, but U has long since Overstepped the limits its pnijectors a.*ssigned to it, and hence suburbs aimost equal in extent and popula- tion to the city proper have grown up around it. The city has a handsome public squiuv. on which stands the county court-house, market-house, etc. The court-house is a splendid buihiing, 100 feet in (Vont by 63 feet deep, with basement and two stories, surmounted by a dome, the top of which is 90 feet flpom the ground, and supporletl by eight Ionic columns; the m;irkel-house is also a spacious and sul»stantial edifice, a portion of which is occupied as a city hall and clerk's office. Tho other public buildings are the State-house, tho ITniverelty, the Lunatic Asylum, the Stato Prison. 12 or 14 churches of various denominations, numer- ous schools :\gd academies, 8 banks (capital $8,t^»,500), etc The State-house is located on one of the highest eminences of the city. Il was built about 10 years agi>, on a four acre plot, presented by the city to the State, and Is a noble edifice, towering above the place, and serving as a landnnu-k for miles around, being the flrst object descried by tho ai>. proachiug traveler. Il has sp,icious halts for the legislature, and other convenient offices. Tho Lunatic Asylum is a large and conmiodious building, three stories high, and will accommodate 100 patients. Tho Penitentiary or Stato Prison is located in tho western suburbs, and h.is a front of 810 feet, and is S50 feet deep. It has apartments for tho keeper, an lu>spital. ginmi-room. and cells for 200 convicts The Halls of the Tniverslty were founded in ISOft. Tho main building Is 200 feet long and 50 feel deep, three stories high, with wings, and an extensive building used as a chemical laboratory. All the collegt.'- buildings, except tho president's house, are within the college campus, an area of S acres. In 1S50 il had 7 professors ;uid 7o sludeui^ and NAS NAT its lib nry contained li',*207 volumes. Tlie numl>cT uf its alumiii :it lliat ;iralli;l of 33^ 40'. and is navigable lor aleamboals 603 miles from its confluence. This river was formerly the bouiniary betwx-en the Mexican Kepublie an-l tlie Uiiitei! States, westward of the luOth meridian ; hut by the recent changes in the political divisions of the couolry, the whole length from that point has been thrown into the present Territory of Nebraska. The whole of this country is yet in its primitive wihlemess state. Little or nothing is known of ite toposjraphy, and the delineations on maps are but the isolated reminiscences of travelers and traders. The red man still mams over its prairies and mountains in quest of game and plunder; and as the ocean to the sea-farer, so its wilderness to the emigrant, it ia only traversed sls the highway to countries beyond its limits. The great features of the Terrilory, however, are known ; in the east it is chiefly prairie, and in the west are the outliers of the Kocky Mountains, which rise up in arandeur and majesty, forming the water-shed between the mighty rivers that drain the western portion of the Central Valley and the Pacific slope of the Continent, The central portions are unprofitable, irreclaimable wilderness, willi scarcely an oasis to relieve the monotony of its dreariness ; it is the great American Desert, in crossing which the way-fari^r has more to dread than the mariner that dares the deep, not only on account of the inhnspitable character of the connlry. but alsn from .the hostilities of the native savages besetting his path and seeking his destruction. Thousands have perished under the rifle and tomahawk, and at every step the grave of some unfortunate gives warning of dangers to be av<»i. Situate centrally, and contains 357 srj. m. Drained by Rolling and Beech forks of Salt r., and llieir affluents. Surface level; soil fertile, and ad.ipted to the eullure of grain. On the streams the land is rich, and Iiroduces in abundance wheat, Indian corn, and olher grain, whicli lorm the stiiples. The sugar-cane is cultivated. Farms S44; maniif. 52; dwell. 1,613, and pop.— wh. 9.550, fr. col. 109, si. 5,130— total 14,789. Capital: Bardstown. Nelson county, Virff. Situ.ate centrally, and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Rock. Kock-fish. and Tye rivers. Sur- face uneven and liilly ; in parts mountainous ; soil in gen- eral fertile, and produces abundantly wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. In the N. W. portion lies the Blue Ridge. Farms 638; manuf. 70; dwell. 1.217, and pop.— wh. 6,478, fr. col. 139, 8l. 6,142— total 12.75S. Capital: Covington. Piihlic Woi-ls: James River an-1 Kanawha Canal ; and it is propos<'d to extend the Orange and Alexandria E. K. • through the county to Lynehburg. NEI.B0N, t and p.o., t'he^hire co.. A^. ITamp.: 33 m.S.W. Concord. Surface elevated and hilly; contains four ponds, outlets from whieh are branches of Ashuelot and Contooco^k rivers, and afford water-power to several mills. Popula- tion 751. I Nelson, t and p. o., Madison co., K Y. : 102 m.W. by N 52T NEL NEW Albany. Surface uiuiXilating ; ■ 8f>il, clay and calcareous loam, and wt-II draincl. P<»p. 1,965. Nklson, t. and p. o., Portage county, Ohio : 110 m. N. E. Columbus, in N- K. corner of county. Drained by branches of Mahoning river. Soil fertile, adapted t» grain and grass. Pop. 1,333. Nelsoxport, p. o., Potter c6., Peniui 115 m. N. IS. W. Harrisburg. Nel&on's, p. o., Tioga county, Penn.; on N. side of Cowanesquc or., 118 m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. Neuson's Landing, p. o., Chippewa co.. Wise. : on E. bank of Mississippi r., at junciiun of Chippewa r., 167 m. W. "W". Madison. Nelson viLLK, p. v., Athens county, OJdo: on N. bank Hocking rivt-r, 53 m. S. E. Columbus. The Hocking Canal passes Ihrouifh it. Nenelau river, MicJu : rises in Alcona county, and flows N. E. through Alpena county into Thunder Bay river. Keosuo, p. v., Dodge county, Wise: 47 m. E. N. E. Madison. Nei'Erau, p. 0., "Westchester county^ 2^. Y. : 103 m. S. Albany. KEpEtrsKCN, p. o., "Winnebago co.. Wise : 84 m. E. N. E. Ma'iison. NEnu City, p. v., Juab co., Uta7L Ter. : 45 m. N. N. E. Fillmore Cily. Neiv'Nskt river, Mass.: draining Norfolk co., it empties Into Dorchester bay. It is navigable for 4 m. to Milton for vessels of 150 tons. Neponset Village, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the S. side of Neponset r., 5 m. S. Boston. There are sev- eral manufactories at the falls of the river. The Old Colony E. K. passes througii, oj i^ from Boston. Neptitte, p. v., Mercer co., Ohio : 90 m. N. "W. by W. Columbus, on a or. of St Mary's river. Nkko, p. o., Henderson county, Temi. : 96 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Nesaqcake river, Suffolk co., i^ T. : rises inSmithtown, runs N., dividing the t. into Long Island Sound, is ui^vigablc 5 miles. Nescopeck, t. and p. v., Luzerne co., Peri n. : on the S."W. Bide of the Su!?quehanna r., 61 ra. N. N. E. Harrisbnrg. The surface is uneven, with good bottom-lands on the streams. The t. is drained by Big and Little Wapwollopen and Ncs- copeck creeks. Tlie v. is at the entrance of Nescopeck cr. into the Susquehanna, -which is here crossed by an expenmve roofed bridge. 1,256 feet long. Nescopeck mountain, Luzerne co., Pen7K : this mountain is parallel to ^y voming Mountain, 20 m. long, S50 feet high, and on N. side of Nescopeck cr. Neshaming river, Peim. : rises in Ililltown, Bucks co., and after a winding course of 35 m., chieOy S. E., empties into Delaware r., 8 m. below Bristol. NE^a^iOP.o, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 53 m. N. by E. Madison. Neshoba county, Miss. Situate E. centrally, and cnn- taiiis 57S sq. ra. Drained by Pearl r. and its branches, and other small streams. Surface level; soil, black calcareous mold, fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the staple. Good crops of grain are raised, and tobacco is produced in some quantity. Farms 426; maiiuf. 0; dwell. 546, and pop.— -nh. 3,393, fr. col. 0, si. 1,335— total 4,723. Capiial: Philad'-Iphia. Nfxsquai,ly, p. 0., Lewis Co., Oreg. Ter.: on E. side of Puget Sound, 146 m. N. by E. Salem. This settlement ia mainly occupied by the " Puget's Sound Agricultural Com- pany,'' which supplies provisions to the Hudson Bay Compa- ny's employees W. of the mountains, and has here very ex- tensive and highly cultivated farms ; as also on the Cowlitz r. NESqeALLY river, Oreg. Tei\ : a considerable stream, emptying into a 9. estuary of Puget's Sound, flowing in due "W. course from its source in the mountains. Nbsql'kiioning, p. o., Carbon co., Pe/m. : on the S. side , D2d of Broad Mountain, 66 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Near by are extensive coal-mines. Nestokville, p. 0., Barbour co., Virg.: 174 ra. N W. Eichniond. Netuebland, p. 0., Overton co., Tenn. : 84 m. E. by N. Nashviile. Netuer Pko\t[dknce, I. and p. v., Delaware co., Pc?iii. : S3 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by llKlley cr. on the "W., and Cram cr. on its E. boundary, both emptying into the Delaware river. The surface is level ; soil rich and productive clay, and well tilled. It contains several mills and stores. N ETTLK Cakier, p. 0., Ovcrton co., Teim. : ■SO m. E. by N. Nasliville. Nettle Lake, p. o., "Williams co., Ohio: 140 m. N. W, Columbus. Neu^e river, y. Car,: rises in Person and Orange counties, flows in a course mainly E. by S., about 200 m., and empties by a broad estuary into Paudico Sound. Nevada county, Calif. Situate on E. line of State, in lat 39^ 20', and chiefly occupied by the Sierra Nevada. Drained by numerous affluents of Yuba river, which ^uns on its N, border, and by Bear creek and N. fork of American river. Surface mountainous, with extensive valleys. Gold ia the chief product; bin there are many localities suitable for farms. Pop. 21,865, of which 8,266 are Indians, and 4,669 foreigners. Caj/ital: Nevada City. Nevada, p. o., Greene county, Wise. : 83 m. S. by "W* Madison. Nevada Citt, p. v., and cap. Nevada co., Calif. : 117 m. N. E. Vallejo. Situate between Deer cr. and Barlow's creek of Yuba r. Neitirsink, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., X. Y. : 6S m. S. S. "W. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing. Drained by Nevcrsink r., Houndout and Beaver creeks. Pop. 2,2S1. Nevep.sus'k river, 2^. Y.: rises in N. "W. part of Ulster CO., runs S. through E, portion of Sullivan co.,and empties into Delaware r., at Port Jervis. Upon its banks are numerous tanneries and saw-mills. Neville, p. v., Clermont <:o.,0'^^' on Ohio r., 98 m, S. W. byS. Columbus. * - - ■ : Nevlv, p. o., Highland county, Ohio: 60 m. S. 8. "W" Cidumbus. Nevisink Highlands, Monmouth co., iP*. Jcr.: on the Atlantic coast, in t. of Middlotown, 3U0 to 400 feet high, covered with trees, are a well-known land-mark for sailors, Nevisink river, Monmouth co.^Jffl Jer. : flowing between towns of Middlotown aiul Shrewsbury, in N. E. direction, with wide esiuarf into Sandy Hook bay. Newaqoex cape, Me. : an island, extending below t of Booth!)oy into the sea, forming E. boundary of Sheepscot bay, 40 m. S. by E. A".:gusta. Newago eounty, Mich. Situate W. on the S. peninsula, and contains S64sq. m. Drained by Maskegon, White, and Notipicago rivers. Surface level; soil generally deep and fertile. Farms 0; manuf. 12; dwell. 92, and pop. — wh. 509, fr. col. 1— total 510. Capital: Newago. Newaqo, t. and p. o., Newago co., Mich. : 76 m. N. "Wi Lansing. Drained by Maskegon r. and its bmnchcs. NiTW Albany, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: on LittlB Beaver cr., 12S m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Albany, p. city, and cap. Floyd CO., Ind.: on Ohio r., 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 4 m. N. "W. Louisville* This city, which is now the largest in Ibo State, was laid out in 1S13. It is beautifully situated, has wide streets, paralh-l to the r., which are crosseil at right angles by others. The largest business is that of building and repairing steam* lioats and other vessels, ■which employ several Innnircd men. There are large iron foundries, machine s'hops, and fact/>ries. The New Albany and Salem li. 11. is now com- pleted to Juliet, C5 miles, and will be continued ti> Chicago. A brisk trade is ciirried on with the interior and the valleya NEAV of the Ohio and Mississippi. Tlic Stale Bank of Indiana has here a l.raueh. There are churehes and a ivceum. J he academies and schools are weU conduced, and much attention is generally given to-educalion. Two newspapers are puhhshc.l, each daily and neekly-the "Ledger- (dcm ) and " Eidletin" (whig). Pop. 9,785. New ALii,i.xT, p. v., Pontotoc co., JfTtis. : on TaUahatchee r., loi m. N. ti. E. .Jackson. New Alba,nt, Linn co., Oreg. Te,: See Aluasy, 0,rn New Albany, p. v., Bradford Co., Pen,,.. : 92 ra. N bv E Harrishurg. ^ ' New Albion, t. and p. o., Cattaraugas co., N. T. : 240 m Pop 1 L'^'""''"^'" ^"^ ^"' ^'- ^" ''■■^''■' ""'""«'' ""^ '°*-' New Albxanter, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 125 m JS. E. by E, Columbus. New ALExANDniA, p. v., JelTerson county, Ohio ■ PI m E. by N. Columbus. New Ale.yasdkia, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on lUe E. side of Loyalhanna r., 1.30 m. W. Ilarrisbur" New Alsace, p. o., Dearborn county, I„a. : SO m. S. E Indianapolis. „,^lf 7,'^'-'^"-^»' P- "•. Cheshire co., .V. u„r„p. , on g. side of Cold r., 33 m. W. S. W. Concord. New A.M8TEnDAM, p. v., Harrison co., Incl. .- on Ohio r near mouth of Indian cr., 113 m. S. Indianapolis. New Antioce, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio; 64 m a W Columbus. ■ * Newark, p. v., New Castle co., Dd. : on the N. side of Chnsliana cr.. 8" m. N. N. W. Dover. The Philadelphia aijd lialtimore E. R. passes through the v., 40 m. from Phil- adelphia, and 5S m. from Baltimore. Is a pleasant village and he seat of Delaware College, founded 1S3S. In 1650 It had 5 professors, 7S alumni. 3o students. Newark, p. v.. Linn county, la. : N. side Cedar r., 20 m N. by W. Iowa City. Newark, p. y. Kendall Co., I/l.- on the S. E. side of Fox r., 1 .36 m. N. N. E. 8pring(ieW. Newark, p. o., Warrick eo., /,„!. .- near Big Pigeon cr on line of Wabash and Erie Canal, 130 mUes S S W Indianapolis. Newark, p. t., Worcester county, Md.: on a creek of Smepuxent bay, S8 m. S. E. Annapolis. Newark, t. and p. v., liock county, Wi.^c. .■ 41 m. S by E Madison. Pop. 79S. Newark, p. v., Knox county, 3fo. : o.i N. side of South Fabius r., lijo m. N. Jeffet>*on City. NEWARK,t.,p.city.portofentry,andcap.Essexco.,iV:^ • on W. bank of Passaic r., 3 m. above its entrance inti New! arkBay,4Jm. N.E.Trenton,9m W. New York. Lat.4no«. ^^T"'7:. ^''^ '' "■^' "™' populous and floit s nng place ,„ the State. It is pleasantly located on a fer- t,e plain, somewhat elevated above the river. In its W part the ground rises, affording line sites for residence. I |s regularly laid out with very broad and straighrs,r;els many o, whu-h are bordered with very large and lofty etas' peentiug a most beautiful appearance. Two spac tan publi parks are also well shaded by fine trees. It fs I gT ed wuh gas, and supplied by a company with pure water from a spring 2 m. distant, conveyed through Un it s The courl-house which occupies a commanding posi, o in bur',"'" ""■•'' =" ""Se and elegant bu,ldi„"o? brown freestone, ,n the Egyptian style of architecture. The ralroad dep6, is also a splendid structure of free,tone There are 30 churches, of which several are very fine peet mens o architecture ; and 3 literary associations- ha^Ti- braryof 3.000 volumes. The N. Wesleyan Institute" the principal seminary. Newark is very extensively engaged in manufacture,. The principal articles made are°he Ta- nous fabrics oflenthcr and India rubber, carriages, wtons radroad ears, machinery, jewelry, paptS hanging;, cutlery soap, candles, etc. The extensive paint faeto^ of Jhe N J Zinc Company daily manufactures ten tons of paint. The NEW commerce of N. is considerable and steadily increasing. The mer is navigable to this place for vessels of li-ht draft A na> igation , C,40b tons were in the coasting trade. Durin- he year en.ling June SOth, ISSO, there wc^e 11 lear.re's entrances from foreign countries (all foreign vessels) was $1,^00,0 capital. Three newspapers are published daily "Advertiser" (whig), "Mercury- (whig), "Ea^le- (dcm)' hvoweekly,"SentiueIofFreedom"(whig),.-lJg,ei(d:i^j NwYk^ "',■''■ ""'""^' ''""""'" '^"■""'"ni-tion with New lork, the trains running each way e>erv half hour V cry many persons doing business in New York have here heir permanent residences. The Morris Canal passes through the city. The Morris and Essex E. P.. here S nates, connecting with New Jersey E. P.. Pon in isan 10,953 ; in 1S40, 17,290 ; in 1S50, SS,4 ''' ' nfnT w^',''- ''^t' ^='''"' <="■' ^ ^••- ™ ""^ Erie Canal, 1 e m. W. by N. Albany. Contains several churches stores, and factories. '-uurcues, Newark, t,, p. v., and cap. licking co., 0/,!<,: situate at the confluence Of three principal branches of Licking r! C,.Z^\l/- ^.-/^'""f "*• «'"'> «-l>i^-h it is connected by the C tra Ohio U. E. It is also connected with Sandusky by ra Iroad, ami is a station of the Ohio and Erie Canal Be- sides a court-house and .jail, it contains several churches atid academies Three newspapers are published weeklv Advocate- (dem.), "Gazette" (whig), "Licking Herald" 8 77S o7 ''""'"'' *™'-'''''='='^'J' eJilious. Pop of V. Newark, p. o., White county, Tcin.: 75 m. E. S E Nashville. Newark, t. and p. o., Caledonia CO., rm„. .• 45 m N E Pop- *«"■ ^""'"' ^^ '"''"' '™'"'' °^ P^-'^xraPsic' river.' Newark Valley, p. v., Tioga county, K Y. ■ I30 „, of 'ti'L^SS.^""""'' ™ ^' "''''^'' "■•' " '• "f ^''^^•"'^- !"»?• New AsnFORD, t and p. o., Berkshire Co., iK,«. , ] 10 „> W. by N. Boston. Drained by head branches of Green and Housatonie rivers. Surt-ace mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. Considerable attention is given to raising of sheep A variegated marble is quarried in this t. Pop o> t 1S6 New Athens, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 104 m. E by'N Columbus Pop. SSI. Seat of Franklin College, founded ;';„■ ," '.*""" '"'"' * professors, 90 alumni, SO students, 2,200 vols, m library. New Atuess, p. v.. Clarion CO., Penn. ; 145 m W N W Harrishurg. * * New Babylon, p. o.. Paulding county, Ga. ■ 124 miles N. W. by W. MUledgevUle. New Baltijioee, t. and p. v., Oreeno 00., JK r • w side Hudson r., 15 m. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly • soil clay and sandy loam, well drained. The v. has a convex nient steamboat landing, and contains some brick-vards. A ship canal from this place to Albany has been chartered by the legislature of 185.3. Pop. of t. 2,3S1. New B,vltimoee, p. v.. Stark co., 0/iio: 111 m. N E. Cohunbus. Drained by a creek of Cuyahoga river. New Balti.moke, p. v. Fauquier county, rii-o '• S7 m N. by W. liichmond. J ■ o, m. New Bavaria, p. o., Henry county, Ohio: los miles N. W. by N. Columbus. "* New Bedford, p. city, port of entry, and semi-cap Bristol CO., d/ass. : on W. bank of Acushnet r.. 4 m from ili entrance into Buzzar.l's bay, 61 m. 8. bv E. Boston T -ii N 410 33' 7": l„i;g. W. 70O ,,y49". The harbor is spkciout safe, and deep. The site of the city rises rapidly from (he £29 NEW NEW river, and being thus built upon a bold elevation, regularly laid out, iind having many fine buildings, it presents a very counuamiing and beautiful appearance. The principal public buildings are the town hall, custom-house, court- house, and some handsome churches. The town hall, built of granite, 100 feet long, 61 feet wide, 3 stories high, at a cost of $00,000, is justly regarded as one of the handsomest town halls in New England. The custom-house, also of granite, presents a very fine appearance. Much attention is given to general education in the public schools. The Friends' academy for young ladies is a handsome structure, with beautiful grounds. The Social Library contains over 4,000 volumes. Two newspapers are published daily: " Mercury" (whig) and " Evening Standaril ;" 3 weekly : " Mercury," " Standard," and " Whaleman's Shipping List ;" 1 monthly: "Golden Age" (lit.). The New Bedford and Taunton IX. E. runs hence, 31 m. to Mansfield «6ta., on Bos- Um and Providence K. K. A steamboat plies daily to Nantuel;et. There are 4 banks (capital $1,900,000.) This is one of the wealthiest cities in America in proportion to its poinilation, and has derived its wealth mainly IVom the wh.ale fishery. At present two-thirds of the total tonnage of U. 9. vessels in the whale fishery belong to this ]iort. The principal business in the city is connected with the •whale fislieries, in receiving the oil and bone, and preparing tlicm for market. The quantity of sperm oil brought to the port in 1S49, was 46,838 barrels, whale oil 72,961 barrels, and whalebone 797,300 lbs. About 80 manufactories of oil and candles are in constant operation. The cooperage business employs a great number of hands. A very large steam cordage factory (capit.al .$60,000), manufactures 400 tons of cordage annually. Other large manufactories are devoted to making iron hoops, copper and Iron rivets, butt hinges, etc. Here also is a manufactory of Prussian-blue, and some print-works. Ship-building and repairing is carried on ex- tensively. The N. B. Hallway and Wharf Co. (cap. $50,000) use a marine railway at Iheir ship-yard, which is of much service in speedily raising small Tcssels to be repaired. On 80th .June. ISSO, the total tonnage of New Bedford district was 127,960 tons, of which 119,026 were registered, and 8,9.34 enrolled and licensed. Of the registered tonnage, 116.SS2 tons were permanent, 2,144 temporary ; 96,420 tons were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, S,444 tons were permanent, 7,949 tons were in the coasting trade, 151 in tlie cod fishery, 344 in the mackerel fishery, 5S tons propelled by steam. The tonn.age licensed (under 20 tons) in the coasting trade was 263 tons ; in tlic cod fishery, 232 tons. LIuring the year ending .June 30th, 1S50, the number of clear.incc3 for foreign countries was 113— 32,027 tons ; entrances from do. 134—38,154 tons. Vessels built, 2 ships and 2 schooners— 781 tons. Pop. in 1S30, 7,592; in 1S40, 12,037; in 1860, 16,464. New Beofoed, p. v., Coshoctim county, Ohio : 70 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Bedforp, p. v., Lawrence county, Penn.: ne.ar the Ohio St:ite line, 196 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. New Buklin, t. and p. v., Chenango co., M T. : on W. side of Unadilla r., S4 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. undulating; soil moist day loam. The v. contains several churches, "mills, and factories. Pop. of t. 2,562. New Beelis, p. v.. Stark Co., Vkio : 100 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Bei:i.in, t., p. v., and cap. Union CO., Pm7l. : on the N. side of Penn's cr., 43 m. N. by W. HarrLsburg. It con- tains the court-house, jail, several stores and manufactories. Five newspapers are published weekly: the " Evangelical Messenger" (relig.), "Union Democrat" (whig), "Union Times'' (dcm.), " Good Samaritan" (temp.), and the " Union Star" (whig). New Beelin, p. v., Milwaukie co., Wise. : 70 m. E. by S. Madison. New Eeeeis Centre, p. o., Chenango co., N. 7.: 85 m. ■W. by S. Albany. 580 Newbeun, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Craven county JV. Car. : on S. W. bank of Neuse r., at confluence of Trent river, 47 m. above Pamlico Sound, 100 m. E. S. E. Ealeigh. I>at. N. 85° 20'; long. W. 77° 5'. The Neuse is here 1^ m, wide, and Trent r. J m., with sufficient depth of water for steamboats, etc. It is a well-built and healthy city, and was formerly capital of the State ; contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks (capit;d $375,000), and 4 churches. It has eonsiilcF" able trade; its chief exports are lumber, naval stores, and agricultural products. On 30th June, 1S50, the total tonnage of Newbern district was 6,208 tons, of which 1,519 tons were registered, and 8.689 enrolled and licensed. Of registered tonnage 1,077 tons were permanent, and 442 tons temporary. Of enrolled and licensed tonnage 3,60S tons were in the coasting trade, 119 tons propelled by steam. Entrances from foreign countries during ye.ar previous, 2:3 — 2,664 tons ; clearances, 30—3,613 tons ; vessels built, 8—867 tons. New- bern has considerable inland trade, wholesale and retail. Two newsp.apers are published weekly: "Newbernian" (whig) and " F.epublican" (dem.) It is about to be con- nected with the interior by railroad to Goldsboro', etc ^op, in 1S30, 8,776 ; in 1840, 3,690 ; in 1850. 8,987. Newbekn, p. v., Greene county, Ala. : 73 m. TV. by N. Montgomery. Newbern, p. v., Jersey county, Bl. : 86 m. S. W. by 8. Springfield. Newbern, p. v., Bartholomew Co., fnd.: on S. bank of Clifly cr., 42 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Newbeen, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Virg. : 178 m. W. S. W. Eichmr.nd. Newberry district, S. Car. Situate N. 'SV., and contains 757 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Broad r., which flows on its E. border, and by branches of Saluda r., which forms its S. boundary. Surface generally level ; soil varied — a large portion is very fertile, and there is excellent pasturage for cattle. Staples, cotton, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 1,045 ; manuf. 39; dwell. 1,494, and pop.— wh. 7,243, fr. col. 212, s!. 12,6SS— total 20,143. Capitol: Newberry Court-House. Fullio Worha: Greenville and Columbia n. E. ; Laurens P.. P.. Newberry, p. v., Wayne co., Kt/. : on W. side Otter CF. of Cumberland r., 96 m. 8. Frankfort. Newberry, p. v., Greene co., Jnd. : on E. bank of W. fork of White r., and on line of Wabash and Erie Caual, 72 m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. Newberry, p. v., Lycoming Co., Penn. : on the N. side of the Susqiiehimna r., and the W. side of Lycoming cr., 63 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. There is a blast furnace, one forge, and one rolling-mill at this place. With the opening of railroads this v. has good business prospects. Newberry, p. v., sta., and cap. Newberry dist., S. Cat: : on Greenville and Columbia E. E., 47 m. W. N. W. fi-om Columbia. Contains the court-house, jail, 6 churches, 2 ho- tels, 15 stores, 2 academies. The v. is noted for the wealth, refinement, and education of lis citizens. The "N. Sen- tinel" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 1,250. A mile W. of the v., the Laurens It. E. diverges from the main track. Newberrytows, p. v., York co., Penn. : 9 m. S. 8. E. Harrisburg. New BETnEL, p. o., Benton CO., Aia. : 102 m. N. by E. Montgomery. New Betuel, p. v., Marion county, Ind. : 9 miles 8. E, Indianapolis. Nt:w Betuleuem, p. v.. Clarion co., Peiin. : on the N. side of Eed Bank cr., 141 m. W. N. W. Uarrisburg. New Bloomfield, p. v., Callaway county. Mo. : 12 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. New Bloomfield, p. b., and cap. Perry co., Penn. : 20 m. N. W. by W. ilarrisburg. It contains the court-house, jail, several stores, and is surrounded by a thriving agricultural district Newborn, p. v., Newton county, Ga. : 45 miles N. W. Millcdgcville. NEW NEW New Boston, p. v., Lee coudty, la. : 75 m. S. Iowa City ; and 7 ni. W. Nauvoo, III. Nkw RosTftN, p. 0., Windham co., Ctmn. : on the Quinnc- baug r., 41 m. E. N. E. Hartford, 72 m. N. E. New Haven ; has several factories. New liosTON, p. v., Mercer co., TU. : on the N. E. side of Missis-Mijipi r., 14 m. above tlie moulli of Edwards r., 114 ni. N. W. Springlicld. Tiio v. has a good landing on the r., and is surrounded by a fertile country. New liosToN, p. v., I^erlcsliiro co., Afas.7>. ; 27 m. N, by E. New Haven, m. S. S. W. Hartford ; station on the Hartford. Providence, niid EishkiH K. K. Drained by Mill r. Contains numerous factories, cliiefly of bra.s3 and hardware, The Connecticut Stale Normal School, estab- lished here in IB.'Jl, has an annual apj>ropriation of .l!2.5no. and r>tn[iloys four instructors. The " New Britain Jgumal" is published w<**'kly. Pop. of t. 3,02S. New BaiTAiN, p. o., Columbia co,, iV. >'. ; 22 in. S. E. Albany. New Bp.rNSwirK, p. city, port, and cap. Middlesex oo.. J^. Jer. : on Karitan r.. 20 m. N. E. Trenton, 31 m. by New Jersey R. R. from New York, f}fS m. from Phi!adel[)hia. This flourishing <-ity \^ at ttn* head of navigation on the Earitan, 14 m. from its month, and is accessible for vessels drawing i-ight feet of wal'-r. I [ere terminates the Delaware and Raritan Canal, which connects with these rivers here and at Bordcntown. It is 4:i ni. long, 75 feet wide, and 7 feet deep; admitting the passage of vessels of 100 tons. It has a rise and fall of 110 feet by 14 locks. New Brunswick was ineori»orated as a city in 1784. It is the dep t of a fer- tile dL«triet, .and has considerable trade and nianiifaetures. The oldest portion of the city is built upon the river, on low ground, having narrow and eronked .streets, but the rest is built upon a tleclivily, wilii regular and broad streets, pre- senting a haTidsome appearance, and connnaii'lirig fine prospects. Many iiouses are cieganlly surrounded by gar- dens. Upon the highest part of the city is Uiitger'n College, founded in 1771). In 1350 it liad 7 instructors, GO students, 513 ahunni, and 10,000 vols, in library, in tlie vicinity is the Theol. Seminary of the Dutch Uefuniied fhur< h, estab- li^lied in ItKj, having 3 professors, ;U studenls, K'.t alumni, and 7,001) vols, in lil>rary. The eity contains tlie court-house any a braneli of Sowadabscook r. Soil fertile, pop. 1,309. Ni:wnri:<;. t- p. v., and semi-cap. Orange co,, iV. K ; on AV. bank Hadson r., 84 m. S. by W. Albany, 54 m. N. New York. Lat. 41° 31' N„ Ir>rig. 740 1' W. Surface of t. ele- vated, somewhat broken, and hilly. Drained by the Hud- son and small creeks. Soil clay ami gravelly loam, fertile, but I)est adapted to gr.azing. This vicinity, with tin- rist of Orange co., is celebrated fur its superior dairy pniducls and excellent live-stock. The v. is hancn\9,\ number of cnLranccs 12S — S,tlu5 t()ns. Vessels built, 10 (.S ships, 2 schooners), 4,t)5T toits. Pop. in 1S30, 6,375; in 1&40, 7,101; in 1550, 9,572. Newhy's Bkidge, p. o., Perquimans co., K Car. : 130 m. N. E. Italeigh. New Califoknia, p. v., Grant co.. Wise : 60 m. W. S.W. Madison. Ni!W CALiroKNiA, p. o., Union co., Ohio: 30 m. N. W. Columbus. New Canaan, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Conn-. : 32 m. W. 8. W. New Haven, 01 m. S. W. Hartford. Surface oft. uneven ; soil gravelly loam, well watered by several streams from Long Island Sound. Contains a nundx-r of mills and has some nuum lac lures. The v. is on high ground, and contains 3 churches and an academy. Pop. of t. 2,001. New Cananhaigua, p. o., Oakland co., Midi.: 65 m. E. by 8. Lansing. New Canto.v, p. v., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 225 ra. E. by N. Nashville. Nkw Canton, p. v., Buckingham county. Vlvg. : on 9. side Slate cr., n quarter of a mile from James r,, 45 ra. W. N. W, Uielmiond. Four mUes W. are the extensive Virginia flour-mills. . New Caki.ibijc, p. v., St. Joseph county, Ltd.: 183 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. New Caklisj-e, p. v., Clark co., Ohio: 54 ni. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 634. New Cabthaok, p. v., Madison par., La. : N. side of a bend of Mississippi r., 120 m. N. Baton Ilougc. New Cabtlb county, Del. Situate N., and contains 92;i sq. m. Drained by Christiana, St. George's, Brandy- wine, lied Clay, Naaman's, Blackburd, nnd Duck creeks. Surface varied— in the N. and W. being hilly, in the E. low and nuirshy nnd unflt for tillage; soil, where capable of cultivation, is fertile. Staples, wheal, Indian corn, and pe- ttitoes ; and in this county are the principal manufacturing establishments of tho Stale. Farms 1,002; nianuf. 2S1 ; dwell. 7,09S, and pop.— wh. .Tl,822, iV. wl. 7.603, si. 30-1— tot;d42,7H4. Capital : New Castle. Public Workii: Phil- adelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore K. U.; New Castle and Frenehtown It. 11.; New Castle and Wllmingtoult.lt. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, etc. New Castle, bund., p. v., port of entry, and cap. New Castle CO., Del. : on W. bmik of Delaware r., 31 m. N. Dover, 5 m. S. Wilmington. Lat. 89° 40' N., long. 75° 33' W. The bund, is bouniled on the N. an teclid by long piers. Uailroads to Wilmington and French- town afford direct connection with Philadelphia and Balti- more. It contains the court-house, jail, town-house, arsenal, nuirket-house, 1 bank — capitjd ^183,000; 5 churches, ami public library of 4,000 vols. Here is a large manufactory of steaut-engines, locomotives, etc. The tot;d tonnage of New Casllo district on tho 30th June, 1S50, was 7,259 tons en- rolled and licensed, of which 7,124 tons were permanently employed in the coaaling trade, 135 tons were licensed under 20 tons ; 1..315 Ions were propelled by steam. Pop. 3,500. New Castle, p. o., Gentry county, JIo.: 102 m. N. W. Jefferson City. New Castle, p. v., sta., and cap. Henry county, Ind. : on E. side Blue r., 40 m. E. by N, Indianapolis. Tho New Castle and liichmond B. E. passes Uirough the village. It contains a eourt-houso and jail, several good schools, and numerous stores. Po[). 660. New Castle, t and p. v., Lincoln co.,Me.: 24 m. S. S. E. .\ugusla, between Danuiriscotta anle for large vessels to the v., 15 ra. tVom the ocean. There are niunerous mills of different kinds in the v. and t. The " Lincoln Dcmocral" is published weekly. Pop. 2,012. i NEW NEW Nkw Castlb, I>. o., Logan t;o., ///. ; on the N. side ()f Kit'kiipoo cr., 87 ni. N. K. by N. Spriiigllold. Nkw Castli-:, t., p. v., hikI stji., ■VVL'SlchestiT co., y. Y. : 10'2 m. S. AUmny. Surfju-o of t. liilly ; soil gravelly ami Bjuuly loam. The Ilarkin 1!. K. pn.sso9 through the t.,10in. from New York. Pop. 1,800. Nkw Cahti.k, t, aud p. v., Coshonton co.. O/ii'o: -IS in. ¥.. N. K. Cohnulms. Drauu;d l>y Walhoiidinj; river and bnuiehes. Pop. l.*227. Nkw CAftTLi:, p. v., Wilkoa co., iV. Car. : 13S m. W. N. W. Ealeitrli. Ni:w Casti.k, p. b., and cap. Lawrence co., Pcun. : nt Iho jniieli<»n of ihe Shcnaiigo and Neslianiioek creeks, ls7 ni, W. hy N. Ilarrisbiirfj. The IJeaver and Eric (.'anal piisaes flinuiiili Ihf V. Iron ore deposits are fmind in Iho vieinily ; 'i rolling-mills, 1 blasl-furuaee, several inannfaetories, and a nmiilKT of "Stores, make Ihi.-* a place ofconsidernl'Ie Imsine.ts iniportanee. There arL> two newspapers issued weekly — Ilu' ''N. ('. (f:izelte''(whij;), and " Lawrenee dourual" P. I,lil4. Ni;\v Casti.k, p. v., Hardeman county, Tcnn. : 147 ni. W. S. "W. Nashville. Nkw I'Asri.K, I, and p. o., Knekiiiiihain co., y. Ilnmp. : 43 ni. K. S. K. Concord. Consists of an iflaiid in Purl-snuatlli Jiarhor. connected with Porl-smouth by a bridp'. Here are I-'orl CiiiiHlilulion and the lisld-house ; also 1 church. Tim iwlaiiil is imu-h resorted to IVoin Portsmouth, for Iho purpose of Hshincr. Pop. Sl)l. Nkw Castle, ]». v., Rott^tourl co., Virg. : on Craig's cr., 14.') rn. W. Kiehmoud. Nkw Casti.k C. II., p. v., and cap. Henry co., A'//. .• 21 in. N. W. Frankfort. Nkw CKNTiuEvit.r.K, p. v., Jennings oo., !nd. : on S. side Vernon I-'ork r., G3 m. S. S. K. Indianapolis, Nkw CiiAMiiKitsmiKo, p. v., Columbiana CO., Okh: 111 rn. N. K. by K. Columbus. Nkw C'liKSTKi:, p. o., Adams co., /*(■?;»..* on Conowiitjo cr.,'20 m. S. S. W. llarrisburfi;. Nnw t'liuitcii, p. o., Accfunac county, Vlrn. : 101 m. K. by N. Kiehinond. Nkw CoLifMOiA, p. v.. Union co., Pi^nn.: on \V. side of W. branch of Susquehanna r., 53 in. N. Ilarrisburg. Nkw Con'MiJiA, p.v., Newton co., TIm'.; on W. side of Saline r.. *25s m. K. by N. Austin City ; has a gnod landing for steamboats. Nkw CiM.irMitus, p. o., Luzerne co., I\nn. : OS ni. N. N. I'- ll arrislnirg. Nkw CoMKitsTowN, p. v., Tuscarawtus co., Ohio: on W. bank Tuscarawas r., and on the Oliio and Krie Canal, 75 in. K. N. E. Columbus. Pop. -17(>. Nkw CoNcoan, p. v., Callaway co., 7\'i/. : 2I-'J ni. 8. W. I'ranliforU Nkw Cosooud, p.v., Muskin.ffum county, Oftio: G5 in. K. by N. Columbus, lias an academy, several clnirclics, and mills. Pop. 834. Nr.w CouwiN, p. 0., llighlnnd co., Oliio : 60 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Nkw Cokydon, p. v., .Jay co., Ind. : on S. side of Wabash r,, So m. N. K. Indianapolis. Nkw CrMBKiti.ANO, p. b., Cumberlnnd co., Pc-rm. : on \V. eido of Susquehanna r., at the confluence of the Yellow IJreeches er.. 3 ni. S. llarrlsburg. The York anses through the b., to connect with the Cum- berland Valli'v and other lines. Hero are several stores, and some manufacluring is done. New Ci:Mi(Fi:i,ANn, p. o., Brooke county, Vhy. : 2M m. ■W.N. W. i:i<-hmond. Nkw Dki'.uv. p. v.. Westmoreland co., Penn.: 124 m. W. Harrinburg. Tli<' Penie^ylvania It. K. passes through town of Derry, 4i) m. from Pittsburg. , Nr.w f)i(;r.iNP. t. and p. v., Lafayette co., WUc, : on Fever r'., 0:J m. S. W. Madison. Pop. 1,742. Nkw OuiniAM, p. v.. La Porto county, fnd. : 125 m. N. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Nkw Dukiiam, I., p. o., and sta., Slralford ro., X. Ifump. : 2'2 m. N. IC. Concord, on Cnehe<'o li. R., 22 m. frcean co.. .Y. J<'r. : IT) m. S. K. by E. Trenlon, on Cros.--wiekV cr.. upon wliii-h are numerous aud valuable mills. Nkwki.i., p. 0., ;\iiderson dist., X <\u\: ICt in. N. W. Columbia, Nkw I'^NCi.ANn Vii.i.agk, p. v., "Worcester co., JAws. .' SS m. W. BoMton, 7 m. S. K. WorcestiT. I ni. from HosJon and Worcester U. II., on t^>uinsigainond er., the onllet of Long Pond. This .stream in its disc, nl fi.lK .'lO UTt.nlTor.l- iling great waler-iiower. This i.s a viry llol^■]^llinL: autl growing villagi-. Nkw FAiaiiKi.n, I. and p. o., Fairlleld co.. Conn. : -IS in. W. S. "W. Ilarlford, :V2 in. W. N. W. New Haven. Surfaco oft. rough aud hilly; soil gravelly. Drained by Uoek r. Pop. 927. Nkwkank, t. and p. o., Niagara counly, .Y. 1'..' 2G2 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Kighteen-Mile er. Surface inclincl toward the lake; soil sandy loam. Pop. 8,21^5. NKwriKi.n. t. and i». o., York county, Mr: : 7t> in. S. W. August:i. Drained by Little O^Hipee r., on which lliero aro some mills. Pop. 1,11$. Nk\vfiku>. I. and p. v., Tompkin'H co., N. Y. : 148 ni. W. by S. Albany. Mu-faco of t. broki'ii and liilly; soil gravelly loam and v<'ry fertile; is well drained. Nkw Flokkn* k, sta., Westmoreland co,, /V/. ; on S. sldo Conenuuigh r., Ill W. by N. Ilarrishurg, on IVimsylvania U. i:.,7il m. IVom Pitlsburg. NKWKtuiNn, lake aial river, Crnfton co., A"! //. The lako is six m. long, 2 to :j m. wide; its outlet, or the river, is ii eon^iderabl(^ stream, ftowing into Peiuigewasselt r. NKwroiNULANn, p. o., Morris co., y. Jiu:: on S. bank of I'equannock r., .VI ni. N. N. E. Trenton. Nkw I'aANKioKT, p. o.. Scott co., hid.: on N. side of Sucker's I'ork. 7.') m. S. S. IC. Indiiuiapolis. Nkw FitANKUiN, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 111 ni. N. E. by E. Columbus. Nkw Fi: vnki.in, p. o., Wayne co., ///..■ ll:J m. 8. E.liy S. Spriiiglhld. Nkw FitKKHOM, p. <>., York county, P, p. v., Mooro co., N. Car.: GO m. S. W. Kaleigh. Nkw Gi.Anrs, p. o., Green co., ir/w. .'on fork of Sugar r, 25 m. S. S. W. Madison. Nr.w Glasgow, p. v., Amherst co., Virg.: 87 m. W. Richmond. , 5SS NEW NEW New Gloccfstee, t., p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., Me. : 36 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Koyul's r., \Yhich affords water-power to mills of various kinds. The Atlantic and &L Lawrenoe R. R. passes through this L, 22 m. from Port- land. Pop. 1,845. New Goshen, p. o., Yigo county, Itid. : 70 m. W. S. "W. Indianapolis. New Gottingbn, p. v., Guernsey co., OMo: 65 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 54. New Geaefesbekg, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 70 m. W. N. W. Albany. New Gkenada, p. c, Fulton co., Fenn. : 70 m. W. S. 'W. Harrisburg. New Gketna, p. o., Burlington co., K. Jer. : 30 m. S Trenton. New GtriLFOED, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: 50 m. E. N.E. Columbus. New Hackensack, p. o., Dutchess co., F. Y.: 80 m. S. by W. Albany. New Hageestown, p. v., Carroll co., Oldo : 97 m. E. N. E. Columbus. New Hamburg, p. v. and sta., Duchess co., N. Y. : on E. bank of Hudson r., at month of Wappinger'a cr., 74 m. S. by W. Albany. Is a station of the Hudson Eivcr li. R,, 66 m. from New York, 73 m. from Albany. THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. New HAjiPsmnE is situated between 42° 41' and 45^^ 11' latitudes north, and between 70^ 40' and 72° 2S' longifudes, west from Greenwich, or between 4^^ 34' and G^ 22' east from Washing;ton, It is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, on the east by the State of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the State of Massachusetts, and on the west by that of Vermont, from which it is separated by the Connecticut River. From north to south its length is IGS miles, and its width, from east to west, frum 90 to 20 mile^, its form tapering toward the north. It confains an area of 9,280 square miles. New Hampshire has a sea-coast of but 18 miles in length. The shore is little otherwise than a sandy beach, bordered in front by salt marshes, and indented by creeks and coves, which form, however, eligible harbors for small crafl. Behind there is a narrow, level, or gently undulating tract of 25 or 30 miles in width, and beyond this zone the general surface becomes mounliunous, principally in the north, the hills increasing in height as they recede from the sea, until they swell to the lofty grandeur of the "^"hite Mountiuns. This range, which may be considered as a continuation of the Alleghanies, enters New Hampshire between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and of which the Grand Monadnock, 3,254 feet in height, Sunapee, 4,63G feet, and Moosheloc, 4,636 feet, appear to be hnks, reaches its greatest elevation in Mount Washing- ton, ttie summit of which is 6,42S feet aljove the level of the sea, and the highest culmination east of the Rtx-ky Mountains. The other principal peaks in this range, for as such it may be described, although it is not always continuous, are : Miiunt Adams, 5,960 feet; Mount Jefferson, 5,860 feet; Mount Madison, 5,620 feet. Mount Monroe, 5,510 feet; Mount Franklin, 5,050 feet, and others little inferior in elevation, and the Kearsarge Mountains rise to the height of 2,480 feet. These mountains are composed of huge rocks of granite and gneiss, and round their bases are forests of heavy timber, which is succeeded by a belt of stunted fir trees, from 10 to 15 feet high, above this a growth of thick bushes, and farther up the surface is covered with a dark pall of mosses and lichens. The snow lies on their summits for nine or ten months of the year, giving them the appearance from which they take their name. The " Notch-' is a remarkable chasm two miles in length, and where narrowest it is only 22 feet wide. It is the only pass through the great mountain barrier. Through the higli, steep precipice9,which form its walls, flows one of the head branches of the Saco River, and in its course receiving the waters of several cascades which leap down the declivities. This stream, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes fearfully swollen, and frequently at such times sweeps away all opposing obstacles, and fills the valley with ruin. In 1836, a violent rain storm caused a slide of earth, rocks, and trees, which choked up the streams, and flooding the country, spread desolation far and wide, and in the general confusion a family of eleven persons, residing at the Notch House, were gverwhHmed. The general slope of the State is from north to south, and in that direction the principal rivers flow, following the courses oC the local valleys. The slope toward the Connecticut valley is short and precipitous, and in this direction the only streams of consequence n.re the Ammonoosuc and Ashuelot. Tho Androscoggin passes through the north-eastern part of the Stite, but this is properly a river of Maine. The Plscataqua, the only considerable river that has its whole course within the Slate, is formed by the junction of Salmon Falls and C<>checo rivers from the north, and several smaller streams from the west, and it is only from this junction to the sea. a distance of ten miles, that it bears the name of Piscitaqua. At its mouth is the harbor of Portsmonth, one of the finest in the United States. The Merrimac rises in the Whito Mountains, not far distant from the sources of the Saco, and running south through the centre of the State, passes into Massachusetts, where it turns and runs in a north-easterly direction, and falls into the Atlantic. The principal tnt)utaries of the Merrimac are from the west, the Nashua, which, after bending beyond the State line, again enters New IIaini)3hire, and empties itself in the to^-n of Nashua; the Contoocook, which empties itself at Concord, and Baker's River, which rises in Moosheloc Mountain, and empties itself at Plymouth ; and from the east the principal tributaries are Winnipiseogee River, the outlet of the lake of the same name, and Squam River, which is the outlet of Squam Lake. None of the rivers of New Hampshire, however, are much used for navigation, but afford the best of mill-sites. It is estimated that 110,000 acres of the surface of this Stjite are covered with water. Lake Winnipiseogee (Win-nc-pe- sok-eo. In dim}) is the most extensive sheet of water witliia its limits. It is 23 miles in length, and frora2tol0 in breadth. Upward of 360 islands are sprinkled over its bosom, and its shores are indented by numerous bays formed by gentle swells of land projecting into the lake and rising graccl\iily from its waters. It abounds in fish, and its waters are remark- ably pure. Being on the route to the While MounUuns, it is much visited by travelers, and a steamboat is employed on the lake during the summer season. Lake XJmbagog, on the eastern State line, and others in the south and west, are smaller, but all have attractive scenery, and are the recipients and outlets of several streams. Off the coast are the Isles of Shoals, seven in number, which belong partly to Maine and partly to New Hampshire {seo Matse). They lie about eight miles out to sea, between Portsmouth and Newburyport, and are hardly more than a cluster of rocks rising above the water. For more than a century before the Revolution they yveYe quite populous, con- taining at one time 600 inliabitants, who found there an advantageous situation for carrying on the fisheries. To this day the best cod are those known under the name of Isles of Shoals sun-flsh. From 3.000 to 4,000 quintals were once annually taken and cured here, but the business has of late years declined. New Hampshire has been called the " Switzerland of America." Its scenery is full of grandeur and wild magnificence. 634 • NEW HAMPSHIRE. From the lofly sumiiuts of its niggcl mountains the eye surveys one of the wihiest, an. I at the same time enchanting, countries of ihe world, and is never drowsed by monotony. Kocks piled uii rocks, clothed in <:ii;antic forest i:rowths and shrubs, placid lakes embosominE: countless verdant islets ; pleasant valleys and farm lands in tlie highest state of eultiva- lion, successively greet the eye, while the foaming cataract and k-aitint; cascade, now rushing; down Ihe slo[ics and daaiiing to the vales, and now reposin-; into the s^ently ^didins streams, aii'l anon swiUins into rivers, coursint: like molten silver lhrou2;h the plains, and winding their way to the sea, enehanl Ihe senses and cheat the mind nf its eari-s. From M )unt Washington the prospect is noble antl extensive, only bounded on tUe one hand by the dim distance of the ocL'an, and on tlie olh' T by the blue horizon resting on the green base of the laud. From Monadnoek and Moosheloc, and many of the other higher elevations, the scenery is not less alluring. Nor is that of the lakes inferior. Surrounded by forest-clad bills, tliese beautiful basins interspersed with islets, and reflecting from their glassy bosoms the bright blue sky. and llie neigh- boring slopes, ure truly a feature of loveliness, and well might the Indian, charmed by the beauties of the scenery around Winnipiseogee, call it "The smile of the Great Spirit." Unibagog, Sunapee, and others, have Lheir charms; they are amallcr, indeed, but all are highly picturesque, and abound with the most lovely scenery. The mineral resources of New Hampshire are by no means insignificant. The recent geological survey by Dr. Charles F. Jackson, one of the most scientific geologists of New England, has resulted in many highly valuable discoveries. Ills examinations have brought to light ihe existence of several bed* of iron, and a valual)le one of limestone, not Idtherto known, which will prove sources of great wealth to the State. Iron exists in almost every cfital'lc. and are moder- ately rich. All, however, yield well to the industry applieu to them, and under proper management, the natural ruggedness of the country has been converted into a garden-like scene. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Maine, and more steady; the difference of elevation, liowever, decides the prevailing temperature, and in some cases the difference between that of the base and summit of the mountains is from 13° to 25°. The temperature of the summer is great, and sometimes rises to 100° Fahr. In the winter season it has been known to sink so low as to freeze the: mercury in the tube. These extremes, however, seldom occur, and are of short duration. In the neighborhood of the While Mountains^ the peaks of which are almost always capped in snow, the winters are excessively cold. No part of the State, however, is unhealthy, but on the contrary, many instances of longevity are recorded, and it is no unusual thing to find persons enjoying good health at the patriarchal age oflOO years and upward. William IVrkins, of New Market, died inlT32, at 110; William Scory, of Londonderry, in 1754, at Hi); Robert Mctlin, in 17S5, at 115; Samucd Welch, of Bow, in 1S2:?, at liy; ami more recent instances are not wanting. In 1S40 there were living in the State 10 persons of 100 years of age and upward, and in 1S50. 13 persons. The cold weather sets in about the middle of Sei)tember, and continues till May ; the severity of win- ter, however, does not commence before November, from which time to the opening of tho spring season, the country is clothed in a thick mantle of snow, and the rivers are frozen to their sources. The natural growths of the country arc various kinds of useful timber, as oak, pine, hemlock, ash, beech, and birch ; and these in former times constituted Iho chief merchantable products of the region, ami when formed into masts, sl;l^'es, plaitks, boards, etc., were largely exported. The sugar-maple is also abundant, and the pitc^^-yielding pine. Wolves, bears, and other fur-bearing animals are still found in the State, and although a bounty has long been iiaid by the govern- ment fnr their destruction, the farmers continue to complain of their visits. The rivers and lakes are well stored with fish, and wild fowl and game are plentiful in all parts. New Hampshire is divided into 10 counties and 243 townships, the general statistics of the counties and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Coum.e.. Dwell.. Pop. ^^j^J,^^' ^^^^^^^ Cap.tale. Belknap 3,436. . .17,721 . . .2.43S. . .163. .. .Gilford Carroll 3,724. . .20,156. . .2,S05. . .135. . . .Ossipee Cheshire 5,302. . .30,144. . .2,S05. . .377. . . .Keene Coos 2,114. . .11,853. . .1,439 ... 69. . . .Lancaster Grafton 7,S9S. . .42,343.. .5,063. . .421. I Ilaverhil! ' 1 PljTnouth ill ■■ult. F.slab. Comities. Dwell. P.'p. Hillsboro' 9,939 . . .57,477 . . .3,675. . .399 .... Amherst Merrimac 7,400. . .3^,445. ..3,220.. .215.... Co.ncohd Kockingham. .9,113. . .50,SS6. . .3,S11. . .9&4. . i J^j^r^^^uth Strafford 4.7G4. . .20,364. . .1,844. . .39*. . . .Dover Sullivan 8,649. . .19,375. . .2,129. . .141. . . .Newport The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at tho above date, 57,339, of families 62.2^7, and of inhabitants 317,864, viz., whites 317,3S9— males 155,902, and females 161,4S7; free colored 475— males 14^3, and females 232. Of the whole population, there were deaf and duml>—-w\i. 163, fr. col. 0— total 1G3; lUnlK'd and licA^nised tonnage employed in the coasting trade was 4,025 tons, in the cod fishery 2,G(}4 tons, and in tlie mackerel fishery 1,204 tons. The shipping built in the State during the year consisted of S ships and 2 schooners, with an aggregate burden of 6,914 tons. Internal Irnprovemeni. — New Hampshire has completed a fine system of railroads, the principal lines being in a N. W. and a S. E. direction, or between the Atlantic sea-board at IJoston and rorlsnioutli, and the Connecticut Kiver, where conncetiun is made with the Vermont lines to Lake Chainplain and Canada, The great AlUinlic and J*l. Lawrence Eaiiroad also traverses the State in the North section. Most of the lines in the southern part of the Stale centre at Concord, the capital, and thence diverge in every direction. The total length of completed railroad in tlie State, on the 1st of Jannary, iSoS, was 4S0 miles, or 1 mile to every 17 square miles of territory, or to every CG2 inhabitants. ^r7n/-.9, ,^\_Tlierc were 22 banks in the State, in Deeeml»er. ISoO, the condition of wliich was as follows: IJalnUties— capital, ^■j.;i7r.,'.MlO ; circulation, $1,897.111 ; and deposits. $560,634 ; imdassds — loans and discounts, $3,S21,120 ; real estate, 3;4:i.';70; du«' hyolhcr banks, $477,453; notes of other banks, $91,444; and specie, $129,399. Thirteen savings' iuslitutions at the above date had deposits to the amount of $1,641,512. Government. — The constitution of 1784. as amended in 1792, is the fundamental law of the State. A new constitution ■was framed by a convention in 1S50, but was subsequently rejected by the pttiple. The rifjht nf suffrage is secured to every male inhabiUint 21 years old, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request. The general election is held on the 2d Tuesday in March annually. i , The General Court consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Kepresentatives shall have resided for the last two years in the State, shall have an estate valued at $100 (at the rate of six shillings and eight jience the ounce of silver), one-half thereof to be freehold within their district, and shall be inhabitants of their district. Every town of 150 rateabli? ])olls, 21 years old, may choose 1 representative, and every 800 such polls additional shall entitle the town to an- other ri-pr('>;eiuative. There are also classed towns, and towns allowed by special act to send representatives. The Senate consists of 12 members, who must be 30 years old, inhabitants of the State for seven years, and seized of a freehold of $200 value within the State. Senatorial districts, 12 in immber. shall be set off " according to the proportion of public taxes paid by the said districts.'' In case of a vacancy in a senatorial district, one of the two candidides having most votes in the district shall be chosen by the legislature on joint ballot The legislature thus constituted meets on the 1st Monday of June annually. The Exfc iith-t' Council consists of 5 coimcilors, and is elected annually by the people. Councilors must be 30 years of age. 7 years resident in the State, and possu'ssed of an estate of $500, of which $300 shall be freehold. Vacancies are filled as in the Senate. The governor convenes the comicil, and their resolutions and advice arc recorded in a public record, and signed by those agreeing thereto. The Governor sh^]\ have the qualifications of a councilor, except as to his estate, which shall be $300, one-half freehold. If there bo no choice of governor by the people, one of the two highest candidates shall be chosen by the General Court on joint ballot. The governor may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses voting subsequently in favor of its passage, it becomes law nevertheless. "With the assistance of the council he shall nominate and appoint all judicial officers, the Attorney-gencrHl. solicitors, sheriffs, and registers of probate. The governor and council shall have a negative on each other, bolli in nominations and aiipointments. The JntHcUiry consists of the Superior Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Courts of Probate, etc. The superior court consists of a cliief-justice and four associate justices. At the session of the legislature in June, ISol, provision was made 537 NEW HAMPSHIRE. for appointing four circuit justices of common picas : two only are now appointed. If a vacancy other than in the ofiBce of the chicl'-justtce occurs in the superior court, it is nut to be tilled, but an additional circuit justice of the common pleas is to bo appointed until the whole number of four is tlUed up, and after that the superior court will consist of the chief- justice and two associate justices, any two of whom will be a quorum. Two terras of the superior court are held annually at Concord, on the 2d Tuesdays of July and December, for the hearing and determining of questions of law and petitions for divorce from all the counties in the Stole. This court is also Tested with chancery powers. At the trial of capital cases two justices of the superior court, or one justice of the superior court and one circuit judge are required to be present The judges of the superior court of judicature are er-officlo judges of the court of common pleas. This court, before which all actions for recovery of debts, enforcement of conlMcts, etc., and all jury trials are brought, consists of one of the justices of the superior court, or one of the circuit judges of the court of common pleas, and of any two county justices, who are generally appointed from among the yeomanry, whose prmcipal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county, its roads, expenses, etc. Terms of the common pleas are held semi-annually in each county. Grafton County is divided into two judicial districts, and terms are held semi-annually in each district. County treasurers and registers shall be elected by the counties. Justices of the peace are appointed for live years, with jurisdiction in cases below £4. Clerks of courts shall be appointed by the courts. AH judicial ofiflcers shall hold office during good behavior, or until 70 years of age, but are removable on address of both houses of the legislature. 2^0 person can hold any office of profit or ko7tor ityuier this government unless h^ be of tfM Protestant reliffion. Every seven years the people shall vote for or against amending the constitution, and if a m.ajority of the votes be in fovor thereof, the general court shall call a convention ; and if theu- amendments be approved by two-thirds of the votes when submitted to the people, they shall be adopted. » The militia force of New Hampshire comprises 32,151 men of all arms, of which 1,34S are commissioned officers, and 80,803 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, etc. Of the commissioned officers 12 are gener.al officers, 51 general staff-officers, 336 field officers, etc., and 949 company officers. There is a school of instruction for officers. Every white male between IS and 45 years of age, except such as the law e-tcepts, is enroDed annually. Parades were abolished by the leeislature in 1S50 ; but volunteer companies may remain organized, and new companies be formed, and each volunteer who has performed his duty acceptably shall receive $3 annually from the select-men of the town to which he belongs. The militia is organized in 4 divisions, 8 brigades, and 42 regiments. The governor is commander-in-chief. The New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, located at Concord, is a State institution. It is one of the most efficient establishments of the kind in the Union. Adjoining the asylum are more than 120 acres of valuable lands, well adapted to the wants of the institution, which is cultivated by the labor of the patients. The number of patients in the asylum 31st May, IbiO, was 144 ; admitted during the year following, 103 ; discharged during the year, 90 ; recovered, 45 ; par- tially recovered, IS ; not relieved, 20, and" died, 7. tlemaining under treatment 1st January, 1S50, 127, of which .53 were females. The sum of $1,600 was granted by the legislature June, 1S50, for the relief of the indigent insane. The price of board, etc., for patients from this State is $2 25 for the first 13 weeks, and $2 for all subsequent time. The blind are provided for in the Perkins Institution of Massachusetts, and the deaf and dumb in the American Asylum of Coimecticut. Mnances, Debts, etc.— The total receipts into the State treasury for the year ending 5th June, 1S50, was $172,056 55, and the expeaditures for the same period, .$107,011 03— excess of receipts, $5,044 92. The chief sources of income were: balance in treasury 6th .June, 1S49, $6,126 SO; railroad tax, $49,414 29; money borrowed, $51,400; civil commissions (fees), $175 ; State tax for 1S49 and previous years, $59,547 21 ; allowance by United States of Indian Stream claim, $5,302 66: and the principal objects of expenditure were: salaries, executive and judicial, $19,01S .36; pay of council, $885 40 ; pay of senate, $1,07S 60 ; pay of representatives, $20,127 40 ; money tjorrowed and repaid, $58,145 S3 ; State printing, .$2,'951 50; publishing laws, $380 50; New Hampshire Asylum for Insane (new building), $16,000; Perkins Institution, education of the blind, $750 : American Asylum, education of deaf and dumb, $2,076 ; officers' school of Instruction, $7,731 20. The state of the treasury on the 5th June, 1S50, w.ts : total amount of available funds', $6,603 84 ; and total amount of indebtedness, $26,601 67 ; balance against the treasury, $2,997 81. The assessed value of real and personal property in the State in 1S50, was .$92,177,9.'J3, and the true or estimated value was $103,682,8.35. Federal Representation.— 'S.evi Hampshire, in accordance with the federal act of 23d May, 1850, sends three repro- sentaiives to the Congress of the United States. Education. — The common schools of the State are under county commissioners, who form a board of education, and meet at Concord on the third Wednesday in August annually. Their duly is to recommend such books :is may appear •to tlicm most suitable to be used in the schools, and such methods of instruction, modes of government aiul discipline, as may best promote the advancement of the schools. In each toivn is a superintending committee, which reports to the Secretary of the State by the first day of April, the condition aud progress of each school, and the secretary is requested to hand over the several returns so received to the Secretary of the Board of Education. Each county commissioner spends at least one day in each town of his county to promote the cause of education by addresses, etc., and he has also charge of any teachers' institute that may be held in his county. The office of State School Commissioner was abolished by the general court of 1850. The whole number of school ilistricts reported June, 1S50, was 2,167; average attendance in the winter schools, 60,271, and in the summer schools, 46,225 ; average length of winter schools, 9 4-5 weeks, and of summer schools, 9 2-5 weeks. Average monthly wages of male teachers, $14 73, and of female teachers, $6 21; number of male teachers in winter schools, 1,246, and of female teachers, 961; money raised by taxes for schools. $145,592; amount contributed in board and fuel, $9,73S; income of locid funds, $S,097; interest of literary fund, $10,790: amount for teachers and institutes, $1,020, being an aggregate of $174,517 raised for the district schools. The number of incor- porated academies in the State at the date referred to was 88. and the whole number of pupils attending them, 3.261. Number of unincorporated academies, private schools, and schools kept to prolong common schools, 74, attended by an average of 3,698 scholars. Dartmouth College is the only collegiate institution of the State ; it was founded in 1769, and is located at Hanover. The academical faculty consists of a president and 10 professors, and in 1S60 it had 3,710 alumni, of which about 800 were in the ministry, and 237 students. Its library contained nearly 25,000 volumes. The New Hampshire Medical College at the same place, founded 1798, is a department of Dartmouth. II has a president, six professors, and a demonstr.ator of anatomy, and in 1S50 had 45 students. Its graduates of that date numbered 850. The Chandler School of Science and the Arts opened August, 1S52, and, founded on a donation of $50,01)0, bequeathed by the wUl of the late Mr. Chandler, of Boston, is attached to the Dartmouth College. There are in the State four theological schools: the New Hampton Acad- emical :md Theological Institution, founded 1825; the Methodist General Biblical Institute, founded 1S47, and located at 533 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Concord; the New Hampshire Conference Seminary at Northfleld, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary, founded in 1S35. i'i(W/cZi&ra;'i»?*.— One State library^JOO volumes; 9 social— 13,S7S volumes ; 1 College — 6,4l>0 volumes ; 5BtuiIents'— 16,200 volumes; 7 professional and academic— 10,700 volumes; 2 seienliflc and historical— 2,800 volumes; 25 public school — 2,500 volumes; total, 50 libraries, and 57,17S volumes. Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in New Hampshire in 1$50. was 41 — of which 10 were whig, and 10 democratic in politics, ami 21 neutral, or devoted to rdigion, science, literature, etc., in- cluding all the character of which had not been asecrlaincd ; and of the whole number 2 were published daily, 86 wceiily, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly. The total circulation of the dailies was about 1,500 copies at each issue; of the weeklies, 5S,426; of the semi-monthly, 600 ; and of the monthly, 1,150 copies. The dailiis were published at Mnuchcstrr aud Porlsmouth ; the weeklies, 1 each at "Winchester. Lancaster. Manchester (Coos co.). Lelianon, Havcrliill, reterbum', Nashua Village, Auiherst, Kxeter, Claremont, and Newport; 2 each atMeredith Bridge, Nashua, and Great Falls; :^cneli at Ki'(-no and Porlsmouth ; 4 each atManchester and Concord, and 5 at Dover ; the semi-mont/di/ at Concord ; and the invHthHt.s at Hanover and Dover. lielitjioius Deni7(/i.' "Wilmington. Public Works: VfUm'mgton and Weldon R. R. ; "Wilniinglon and Manchester R. R. New Hanover, t. and p. v., Montgomery co,, Penn.: 70 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Swamp cr. Surface un- even ; soil red shale and loam, tolerably productive. The V. is on Swamp cr., where are several mills. New Harmony, t. and p. v., Posey co., Ind. : on E. bank of Waliash r., 143 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. This t is remarkable for its history as the theatre of two " social com- munities." In 1814 a society of Germans, under the direc- tion of George Rjii)p, removed here from Butler co., Penn., where they had first siHded upon tlieir arrival from Europe. Here llicy purchased about 17,000 acres of land ()f excellent quality, which tliey cleared, planted, and finely cultivated, erecting good houses, churches, etc. They ]i\ ed and labored in common until 1S24, when they sold iheir settlement to Robert Owen, and moved to their present setllemeut at Economy, Beaver co., Pemi. The communily of Robert Owen was for a lime very large, but ultimately became dis- cordant, and broke up as a complete failure. NewHaurisbui:g, p. v.,Carroll co., C/i/o; 102m. E.N. E. Columbus. New Hartford, t, and p. o.. Litchfield co.. Conn.: IS m. W. by N. Harllurd, 39 m. N. by W. New Haven. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by head branches of Farmington r. ; contains several factories. Pop. 2,663. New IIaktkoki>, p. v., Pike co., UL: C7 m. W. by S. Bpriugfleld. MO New Haetfokd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., K. Y. : S6 m. W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. diversified ; soil rich, cal- careous loam, very fertile, and well cultivated. Drained by Sadaquada cr., which affords extensive water-power to nu- merous factories. Two cotton factories of the v. are very extensive. Pop. of t 4,S47. New Hartford Centre, p. v., Litchfield comity. Conn. : 19 m. W. by N. Hartford, 39 m. N. by W. New Haven. Drained by Farmington r. ; contains several factories. New Ha^-es county, Conn. Situate S., and contains 545 sq. m. Drained by Naugatuck, Pomperaug, Quinnepac, Mill, West, and Menunkatuck rivers. Surface uneven ; soil varied,in some parts being strong and very productive, and in others consisting of a light sandy loam, and less fertile. Farms 2.794; manuf. 521; dwell. 10,204, and pop.— wh. 60.730, fr. col. 1,390— total 62.126. Capitul: New Haven. Pahlic Works : New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield R. K. ; New Haven and Northampton R. R. ; Naugatuck R. R. ; New York and Boston (air line) R. R. ; New Haven and New York R. R. ; New Haven and New London R. R., etc. New Haven, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. New Haven CO., Conn.: one of the capitals of Connecticut, is situated at the head of New Haven Bay, which sets up N. 4 m. from Long Island Sound. Lat N. 41° IS' 23", long. W. from Greenwich 72° 56' 45", and E. from Washington 4° 5' 15". It is 36 m. S. S. W. Harlfurd, the oilier capital of the State ; from Boston by R. R. 160 m. ; from New York 76 m. ; from Washington 223 m. New Haven colony was settled in April. 163S; the city incorporated in 17S4. The city is on a large and beautiful plain, slightly inclined to the water, surrounded on three sides by hills, the termination of the western trap range, of which tlie extreme points, called East and West Rocks, are very bolil, rocky eminences — the former 370, the latter 400 feet Jiigh; these are rude, bare trap rocks, of liglil^red color, with nearly perpendicular fronts, the most notable natural objects in the vicinity-, and much visited in summer by citizens and strangers to enjoy the delightful prospect which they afford of the city, bay, and Souufi. New Haven (city) occupies about 6 sq. m., and is very regularly laid out. The streets are so generally lined with noble elms that the city is called *' the City of Elms.'' Tlie central square, a public park, is bordered and crossed with numerous rows of elms, and is considered the finest public ground in the United Slates. The "Temple-street row of elms"' is not surpassed for beauty in the world. In this square are 3 flue churches, the State House, an elegant edifice of Grecian architerture, built of brick, painted white, and the monument to Colonel Dixwell, one of the ngicidcs, erected in 1*49. The profusion of fuli.age. the fine and cleanly streets, with the rural appearance of mimy houses, surrounded by trees, shrulibery, and gardens, wliich char- acterize this city, combine in it the attractions of both city NEW- NEW and country. The churches. 22 in number, are handsf>me structures. Or these, 8 are Congregational, 4 Episcopal, 4 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 2 Catholic. 1 Universalisl, 1 Jewish Synagogue. The cemetery, in the N. E. part of cy.. is beau- tifully laid out, has an impoging entrance of freestone, in Eg)-ptian architecture, and surrounded by high .nntl mas.sive iron fence and stone wall. Here are interred the remains of Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Rev. J. Asbmun, Colonel Humphrey, and many other eminent men. The new cem- etery, and Wooster Square, are fine grounds, well laid out. The Slate Hospital, founded in 1S32, is a substantial stone edifice, on elevated ground. The now R. E. Station-house is one of the "finest structures of the kind in the United States. A few of the manufactories are very extensive, pnr- tieularly those of carriages and clocks. There are 4 banks, with a capital of $1.9^7.625. The taxable properly in ISTil was assessecl at $12,720,911. Three newspapers arc pub- lished daily, publishing, also, tri-weekly and weekly edi- tions : *' Journal and C-ourier" (whig), " Palladium" (whig), " Columbian Register'' (dem.), two quarterlies, " New En- glander" (Cong.), and "Church Review'' (Episc.) The "American Journal of Science," commenced in 1S19 by Professor Silliman, now published bi-monthly, ranks with Uie ablest scientific journals in Europe. " The Vale Literary Magazine" is published by the students monthly. Yale College. — This noble institution (the third college established in United States), founded in 1700, and removed here in 1717, is, next to Harvard College, the principal uni- versity in America. At presenti and for a nmnber of years past, it has had a larger number of students in the collegiate course than any other. Total number of alumni in 1S50, 5.932, of whom 1.5S7 had entered the ministrj-; instructors, 22; students, 4:52; volumes in library, 51.000; commence- ment, last Thursday in July. The edifices present a flue appearance, fronting the public green. In the front range are five large brick edifices, four stories high, occupied by student.^ ; three buildings, having cupolas, between the col- Ii-ge halls, are used as chapel, recitation rooms, etc. In the rear are the library buildings, mineralogical cabinet, Trumbull Gallery, etc. ; the former are fine edifices of brown freestone, of Gothic architecture, divided into five separate flre-pro(tf compartments. The central edifice, lol feet long, contains the college library : the others contain libraries of societies of students. The cabinet of minerals and geolog- ical specimens is the most valuable in the United States, and surpa.ssed by only two in Europe. The Trumbull Galle- r}', erected 1S31, contains the splendid collection of paitilings ofCol. John Trumbull, consisting ofeight historical paintings from subjects founded on the American Revolution, and about 2511 porti-aits of distinguished persons. With the college proper are associated four professional schools, viz.. of med- icine, law, theology, and scientific department. The Med- ical College, founded in 1S13. has a fine edifice, valuable anatumieal museum, 6 professors, 8S sludent.% 595 graduates. The ThL'ologieal Department, established 1S22, has 3 pro- fessors, 3S students, 621 graduates, 900 volumes in library. Law School, 2 professors, 26 students. Scientific School, 2 professors. 30 students. Besides Yale College, New Haven has many seminaries, male and female, of high reputation, various learned societies, and two popular lyceums, having libraries, reading-rooms, etc, Conimerc^, — The harbor is spacious but shallow, and gradually filling up. It receives three rivers, Quinuipiac and Mill r. on the E., and West r. on the W. To accom- modate lar^e vessels, a wharf, called "Long Wharf,*' was constructed many years since. The filling up of the harbor has Several times required its extension ; it is now nearly a mile in length, the longest in the United States. New Haven h.is a larger commerce with foreign countries than any otlier port in the State, and an extensive coasting trade. lU fisheries in oysters, clams, etc., are extensive and valua- ble. The total tonnage of New Haven district, on SOih June, 1S50, was 15,731 tons, of which 4,995 Ions were regis- tered "permanent,*' and 10,736 tons were enrolled and licensed. Of the latter 10,440 tons were employed in the cojialing trade, and 2,56S tons were propelled by sit-.-im. During the year ending 30th June, ISoO. the total of clear- ances was 72 — 13,400 tons, men in crews, 591; number of entrances, S9 — 16.177 tons, men in crews, 695. Vessels built during the year, 12 — 1.110 tons, A passenger steamboat plies daily to New York. Four important railroads now terminate at New Haven, and connect at the main station: to New Vork, 76 m. ; toSpriiigfleM,f52 m. ; to New Loiul-m, 50 m. ; to Tariffviile, 45 m., which will be continued to North- ampton. To these will be added the direct line to Boston, tv'a Middletown. Pop. of city in 1S30, 10,130; in l-4o,12.li0n; in 1S50, 20,345. Pop. of cily and t. in 1S40, 14,S00 : in ls50, 22.539. New Haven, p. v., Gallatin eo.. 111. : on the S. W. side of Little Wabash r., 2 m. above its entrance into the Wa- bash river, and 153 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It has several stores, and is surrounded by a very fertile country. New Haven, p. o., Allen county, Inil. : 100 m. N. N, E Indianapolis. New IIaven, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : on the Rolling Fork of Salt r., 54 m. S. W. Frankfort. Near the v. is the large "Abbey of La Trappe," established in 1S4S from Naules, France. The community now number C2 religious. The farm embraces 1,400 acres. New Haven, p. o., Macomb county, AflcJi^ : SO m. E. Lansing. Nev/ Haten, t. and p. v., Oswego co., y. T. : 145 m. W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t undulating: soil saudy loam. Drained by Catfish cr., flowing into Lake Ontario. Pop. 2,015. New Haven, t., p. o., and sta., Huron co., Ohio: 74 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by head brandies of Hurt-n river. Station on the Sandusky and Mansfield K. R., '^ m. S. Sandusky. Fop. 1,39S. New Haven, t, p. o., and sta., Ad ; 43 m. S. W. Frankfort. New Hope, p. o., Spencer co\mly, Ind. : 120 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. New Hope, Lincohi co., 2fo. : 129 m. E. N. E. Jefferson City. New Hope, p. v., Iredell co., X. Car. : on the S. side of Rock cr. of V,idkin r.. 125 m. W. Raleigh. New Hope, p. o., Tishemingo co., J/i'-ss. : 193 m. N. N. E Jackson. New Hope. p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on E. bank of White Oak cr.. ''O m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 106. New Hope, p. v.. Bucks co., renn. : on W. side of Dela- ware r.. Toint on the Hudson River, in lat. 41° N. to the Delaware Eiver, which it strikes in lat. 41° 21'. It greatest length from Cape May to Carpenter's Point is 167 miles, and its breadth varies from 40 to ^Q miles, being narrowest in the centre. The superficies of the State is 8,320 square miles. The north-western part of the State is hilly, rather than mountainous, being traversed by the prolongation of several mountain ridges from Pennsylvania. These hills nowhere rise to a great height, but they abound in bold and varied scenery, and are interspersed with fertile and pleasant valleys, comprising some of the finest lands in the Union. Scbnolev's Mountain, the most prominent of these elevations, is much resorted to in summer, on account of the salubrious eflcct Of its atmosphere, and for the purpose of using its mineral waters, which possess medicinal properties. The eastern line of the State is formed by a bold ridge of trap rock, called the Palisades, or Cloister Hill, which, presenting a precipitous wall to the river at several places, as at Wcehawken, 200 feet in height, gives an air of picturesque wildnesa to the scenery. This wall of rock extends about 20 miles along the shore, and forms one of the principal objects which distinguish the noble panorama of the Hudson River, and many historical recollections and national traditions are connected with its localities. The southern part of the State, from Raritan Bay and Trenton to Cape May, consists of a great sandy plain, nowhere rising more than 60 feet above the sea, except at the Navesink Hills, which, although only SOD feet high, form a prominent object on the general level. From the low projecting sand-bank, called Sandy Hook, opposite the Narrows, to the similarly formed point of Cape May, the whole eastern coast consists of a long line of sandy beaches, here and there interrupted by inlets, and inclosing narrow, shallow higoons, behind which extends for several miles inland a low marshy tract This coast is constantly changing — several old inlets having been closed, and new ones opened since the settlement of the country; and being exposed to the heavy surf of the Atlantic, and affording no efficient harbors, it has been the scene of many dreadful shipwrecks. Barnegat, Great Egg Harbor, and Little Egg Harbor inlets, are the principal points of access to the inland waters. The south-western coast on Delaware Bay consists chiefly of a strip of salt marsh, which gradually terminates in the predominating sandy plain. On the shores of the Delaware Eiver the land is more elevated, the Une being intersected by the mountain ridges tending eastward from the State of Pennsylvania, and over a ledge of which, crossing the Delaware River, the Falls of Trenton leap. The rivers of New Jersey are better adapted for economical purposes than for navigation. None of them admit of the passage of ships of a large size. The Hackensack and the Passaic fall into Newark Bay. The former, which rises in New York, near the line of this State, is navigable for sloops to Hackensack village, 15 miles from its mouth, and the latter, which rises in Morris County, after receiving several considerable streams from the north-west and south, has a fall of 72 feet at I'aterson. The great falls of the Passaic are surrounded by a scene of wild beauty, but much of their natural magnificence has been destroyed by turning their waters for mill purposes, and it is now only in time of flood that their normal grandeur is recognized. From these falls the course of the river is south, and it is navigable for small vessels from Aquackannock to its confluence with the Bay. a distance of 12 miles. About 5 or six miles above Paterson, the river has another descent of 51 feet, by two leaps, and a rocky rapid in the distance of half a mile— these descents are called the Little Falls of tlie Passaic. The RariUm, which is navigable for small craft to New Brunswick, 17 miles up, rises to the south of tlie hills ; and having collected the waters of its sevond tributaries, it takes a course eastward, almost across the State, and falls into Raritan Bay, opposite the southern point of Stalen Island. The principal streams in the southern part of the State are Great and Little Egg Harbor rivers, which admit of sloop navigation for about 20 miles inlancl, and Maurice River, which falls into Delaware Bay. The streams emptying into the Delaware River are numerous, but not navigable. Although the State is bounded on three sides by na\igable waters, it possesses few harbors. The sea-coast and shores of Delaware Hay present many inlets and coves, but none frequented by large shipping. Raritan Bay, between Sandy Hook and Staten Island, affords a ready communication from Amboy, the principal sea-port of the State, to the ocean. Newark Bay, to the mouth of Staten Island, has navigable communications through tho "Kills," narrow straits, with New York I5ay and Rnritan Bay. Delaware Bay washes the south-western shore. The southern extremity of the State is Cape M:iy. the northern point of tlie entrance from ihe ocean into Delaware Bay. Sandy Hook, the southern cape of Raritan Bay, is a low, sandy island, about three miles in length, and is constantly extending by the accumulation of sand and other rlebris, and thus is always influencing and changing the currents to and from the Bay of New York. M2 NEW JERSEY. The geological structure of New Jersey has been explored by scientitic men, and many of the most useful minerals have been found embedded in its hills. All the rocks referable to the primitive, secondary, and transition eras exist ; c^neiss sienite, graywacke, and graywacke slate, calcareous roeks, etc., arc the jirincipal formations in the northern region, and contain vast masses of metals and metallic oxides. Iron in all lis forms occurs abundantly, and copper, which appears in the seconiiary formations, is also found in considerable quantities. Nearly a century ago, several hmips of vir;;in copper were ploughed up near New Brunswick, and a mine, near Belleville, ou the Passaic, was discovered as early as 1719. There are many veins in the latter which might be worked wilh profit, and it is said that these mines contain a good quantity of silver ore. There is still another mine north of Somcrvilie, which contains, according to Dr. Tcrrey. a native copper, carbonate and phosphate of copper, green and red oxide of copper, native silver, green quartz, chrysophaae, phrenite, etc. In the mounl^iin section, which extends in breadth varying from 15 to 35 miles in riglit angles, wilh the general course of the mountains, the geological formations are strongly blended. Kocks of a pretty uniform character, however, are found in the primitive ridges, but they are of a coarse and uneven texture, and surface agtircgiitcd with crystals of quartz and felspar. Sometimes they contain shorl, garnets, hornblende, epodite. and mica. Granite, gneiss and sienite are formed in this section by the blending and combination of these materials; and at some points the priiniiivo greenstone is seen. The richest and most jiroductive iron mines are also found here; some of the beds are from S to 12 feet in thickness. There i* al^M luunti licri- Iari;e quantities of grapliite. Clack mica is found on the Kamapo Kivcr, near the ^^on^oc works, and highly magnetic iron ore in Sehooley's and Musconetong mountains. Wallkill Valley, west of the Ilandjurg Moimtains, is noted for the number and variety of its minerals. The bottom of the valley rests on white chrystaiine limestone and marble. The first bed of minerals, which is at Franklin Furnace, appears like a black mountain mass, but it contains iron ore, very lit lie magnetic, and, as a new metallic combination.it has received the name of " Kranklinitc." It is composed of CO per cent, of iron, IG of zinc, and IT of red oxide of manganese. This ore is not only irreducible to iron, but it obstrucLs the fusion of other ores. Large masses of this mineral are also found at^U-riing. In Schofs Mountain, capacious mines of magnetic iron ore are worked, and tlie same exists plentifully through Ihe whole primitive region. At Mendham a beautiful marble Is found, which is capable of being highly polished, and is suitable for ornamental architecture, resembling much in its appearance the marble of Florence. Tlfe recently discovered zinc mines of Sussex County are among the most valuable of the world, and are now being successfully worked by the New Jersey Exploring and Mining Company. The principal mines are at Sterling Hill, on - the westerly side of Wallkill. Foliated, or lamellar zinc, which has hitherto been considered a rare production and highly prized for cabinet collections, is abundant in these mines, and in one instance a mass weighing over l.'jno jiounds, seven-tenths of which was foliated, was excavated. Tlie ore, however, is chiefly in the form oi red oxide associated with iron and manganese, neither of which being volatile leave a very fine metal on reduction. Thf zinc ons of Kurope are either carbonates or sulphurets, and in many instances are mechanically combined with galena, arsenic, ;ind anti- mony, volatile metals which deteriorate the chemical purity of the fused metal. The company working these mines is at the present time confining its operations to the manufacture of zinc paint, and for this purpose have erected extensive ■works at Newark. This paint is said to be more durable and less liable to injure the health than the paints havmg the oxides of lead for their bases. The soils of New Jersey vary materially with the topography of the country. The mountain section is principally in its natural stale, only now and then a cultivated farm being seen on the hill-sides. The soil best adapted for agricultural purposes is found in the alluvial valleys, in which every description (»f farm vegetable is successfully cullivat-'d. The sanily plain in the south is not unfruitful, but the soil requires some considerable preparation to render it pri>n[able to industry. Clay and nuirl abound in some districts, and are eminently useful to the farmers as manures for the more sterile soils. Tlie vegetation of New Jersey is similar to that of the central region of the United States generally : on the mimnlains are found the oak, pine, and other forest trees, which in many instances occupy large tracts, in which the deer, bear, wolf, and most of the wild animals indigenous to that region still roam. Abundance of stunted oaks and other trees cover the sonthem plain, and these, though useless for building purposes, have been f.iund a valuable resoun-e for steamboats and for consumption at the glass-houses which have been established in this region. The middle section is tlie most highly improved and wealthy ]iart of the State. The apples and cider of this section are as noted for their superior quality as the peaches of the southern section, and these find a rcaily market in New York and I'hiladcliihia. The cUmate of New Jersey is in many respects similar to that of Southern New York, but is much infiu<.-nc'-d by Ineality and elevation: in Ihe north, where the hills are highest^ it is nuicli cooler than in the south, where the inlluenee of the ocean is most felt, and where a low situation and reflecting sands accumulate heat in the superincumitent atnii>sphere. In those parts where the mephitic vapors of the swamps taint the air with their poison, agues and fevers of a malignant type prevail, but generally the State, especially in Ihe higher lands, is very salubrious, and at Shrewsbury, on the I'astcrn coast, and at Cape May in the summer season invalids and pleasure-seekers find a balmy retreat, in which Ihey may enjoy all the luxuries and benefits of country retirement and refined society. The earliest estimate of the inhabitants of New Jersey was that of 1701, when the number was staled at 15.000 ; in ITiiu, it had increased to 60.000, and on Ihe taking of the first United States census in ITOn. it amounted to ls4,139. From the latter period to 1S40, its decenrnal rate of increase was very eqiud, having geiier.illy tmt varied mneh from 15 per cent. ; but from 1S40 to 1850, this rate has been doubled, most proh.-ibly a result attrilnilalile to the inllux of people from New York and Philadelphia, who, while doing business in those cities have their raniilies residing on their opposite shores, and perhaps in some measure to the immigration of persons engagen. 1790 169,954 2.762 11,423 14,1S5 1S4.1:J9 ... ISOO 195,125 4.402 12.422... .16,824 211.949 .. 1810 22G,SG1 7,S43 10,851 13.694 .... 245.555 .. 1S20 257,409 12,609 7.55T 20,166 277.:.:5 . . 1S30 300,466 18,103 2,254 20,357 32i).>i23 . . 1840 351,5SS 21,044 674 21.7H 373.3(i6 .. 1S50 466,240 23,093 222 2:3,315 4s9,555 .. Dpienr h] Ir,r ex.e. N iiltumI ^■(■ cent. 27.S10 ... . . . l."i.l M.doe ... . . . l.'J.O .'52.020 . . . . . . 13.0 4.S.24S . . . ... in.s 62..1S3 ... ... lf...3 11G.«9 ... ... 31.1 MJ NEW JEESET. New Jersey is divided into 20 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1350, were as follows ; Atlantic 1,584. Bergen 2,606. Burlington 7,356. Cape May 1.21S. Camd™ 4,090. Cumberland... 3,331. Essex 10,964. Gloucester 2,600. Hudson 2,S61. Hunterdon.... 5,16T. ■^"P-, inclt. E.tHb. C»P't>l«. , 8,961.. 821.. 63. .May's Landing .14,735. .1,128. . 71. .Hackcnsack 43,203. .1,63S. .452. .Mount Holly 6.43:3.. 2S5.. 4. .Cape M.iy C. H. 25,422 . . 731 . .14S . . Camden 17,1S9.. 884.. 19..I!rid!;eton 73,950 .. 1,745 . .836 . . Newark 14,665.. 954. .141.. Woodbury 21,821.. 254.. 52.. Bergen 28,989. .2,486. .309. .Flemington Countie.. n«,n. Pop. '„"™/e™6: Capiul.. Mercer 4,624. .27,992. .1,051. .191. .Teestos Middlesex .... 4,657. .28,635. .1,523. .196. .New JJrunswicfe Monmouth. . . . 5.155. .30,313. .2,014. .377. .Freehold Morris 5,076.. 30,169.. 1,343.. 242.. Morriatown Ocean 1,753. .10,032.. 879.. 52 .. Tom's River T. Passaic 3,369. .22,575.. 610. .247. .Paterson Salem — Somerset. Sussex 3,851. .32,989. .1,653. .184. .Newton "Warren 8,854. .22,353. .1,.537. .341 . .Bclvidere 8.545. .19,467. .1,313. .143. .Salem .3,448. .19,633. .1,650. .187. .Somerville The whole number of dwellings in the Slalo was, at the above date, Sl.OM ; of families, 89,030 ; and of inhabitants, 489,655; viz., whites 466,240— males 333,740, anil females 232.494; fr. col. 23,093— males 11,542, anil fL-males 11,551, and si. 222. Of the whole population there were, dmf and dumb — wh. 192, fr. col. 11, si. 0— total 203; Mind — wh. 1S6, !r. col. 27, si. 0— total 213; inmnt—wh. 375, IV. col. 11, si. 0— total 380; and idiotic— wh. 310, fr. col. 16, si. 0— total 826. The number of free persons born in the United Slates was 434,431. the number of foreign birth 489,336, and of birth unknown 521. The iiatlve population originated as follows: Me. 287, N. Hamp. 301, Verm. 280, Mass. 1,494, R. I. 264, Conn. 2,105, N. Y. 20,661, jVew Jersei/ 385,439, Penn. 15,014, Del. 1.334, Md. 1,400, DisL of Col. 82, Virg. 628, N. Car. 93. S. Car. 141, Ga. 87, Flor. 17, Ala. 86, Miss. 43, La. S3, Tex. 6, Ark. 2, Tenn. 21, Ky. 64, Oh. 372, Mich. 66, Ind. 61, III. 61, Mo. 23, la. 7, Wise. 15, Calif. 8, Territories 1; and the foreign population was composed of persons from— England 11.377, Ireland 81,092, Scotland 2,263. W.iles 116, Germany 10,686, France 942, Spain 23, Portugal 16, Belgium 43, Holland 857, Italy 30, Austria 20, Switzerland 204, Russia 22, Denm.irk 28, Norway 4, Sweden 84, Prussia 57, Sardinia 1, Greece 4, China 4, Asia 10, Africa IS, British America 531, Central America 2, Mexico 28, South America 27, West Indies 205, and other countries 66. » The statistics of tlft wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited in the census returns of 1850, and other official documents referring to the same period, are as follows : Occtipied Lands, eft'.— Improved farm land, 1,767,991 acres, and unimproved land, 934.935 acres- together valned in cash at $120,287,511. The total number of farms under cultivation Ist June, 1S60, was 23,905. Value of farming hnple- ments and machinery, $4.425,50.3. Zive-Stofl:— Horses, 63.955 ; asses and mules, 4,089 ; milch cows, 118,736 ; working oxen, 12,070 ; other cattle, 80,455 ; sheep, 160,483 ; and swine, 250,370— valued in the aggregate at $10,679,291. The live-stock in 1840 numbered aa follows : horses, mules, etc., 70,.502 ; neat cattle of all kinds, 230.202 ; sheep, 219,285 ; and swine, 261,448. Products of Animali.—Vfool, 375,396 (in 1340, 897,207) pounds ; butter, 9,437,210 pounds ; cheese, 865,756 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,633,552. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 23 pounds, and beeswax and honey to that of 156.694 pounds. Grain O'ops.-Wheat, 1,601,190 bushels ; rye, 1,255,578 bushels ; Indian com, 8,759,704 bushels ; oats, 3,873,003 bushels: barley, 6.492 bushels; and buckwheat, 873,934 bushels. The crops, according to the census of 1340, were as follows: wheat, 774,208 bushels; rye, 1,665.620 bushels; Indian corn, 4,361,975 bushqjs; oats, 8,083,524 bushels; barlej-, 12,601 bushels ; and buckwheat, 856,117 bushels. OUttr Food Crops.— Pe^ and beans, 14,174 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 3,207,236 bushels, and sweet, 503,013 bushels. The potato crop of 1839 amounted U^ 2,073,069 bushels. irmcetlaneau.i ffOT).?.- Tobacco, 810 pounds; hay, 435,950 tons; clover-seed, 2S.2S0 bushels; other grass-seed, 63,061 bushels; hops, 2,1.33 pounds; 0ax, 182,965 pounds; flax-seed, 16,525 bushels; maple sugar, 2,197 pounds; molasses, 954 gallons ; winii, 1.311 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $607,263, and of market-garden products $475,242. The following table exhibits the crops of certain stajdes in 1840 and 1350 comparatively : 1840 1 S.iO. Movement. 897.207 pounds 875.396 pounds deer. 21.311 pounds, or 5.5 per cent, 774.208 bushels 1.601,190 bushels incr. 820,937 bushels, or 106.8 " 4,.361,975 " 8,7.59,704 " JMcr. 4,397,739 " or 100.8 " 3,072,009 " 8,71.5,251 " IM)'. 1,64.3,182 " or 79.3 " ..incr. 101,089 tons, or .30.2 " SUpIes, Wool Wheat Indiim Corn . . Potatoes jjay 334.861 tons 435,950 tons incr. 101,089 tons, Home-made mnmifactures for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, were valued at $112,781. The same description of goods, according to the census of 1840, were valued at $201,625. J/a»!t/(jc(»;'<;.s.— Aggregate capital invested, $22,184,730 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., used, $21,992,136 , average number of hands employed, 87,311— males 23,549, and females 8,762 ; monthly cost of labor, $760,899— male $636,242, and female $30,657 ; value of products for the year, $.39,713,536. Capital employed in manufactures in 1S40, $11,617,532. The whole number of industrial establishments producing to the v.alue of $600 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1350, was 4,374 ; and of these 21 were cotlou factories, 41 woolen factories, 133 tanneries, and 103 iron manufactories, viz., 10 for pig iron. 46 for castings, and 53 for wrought iron. The cotton factories have capital, $1,483,600; use annually, 1.437 bales of cotton, 4,467 tons of coal and other material, valued in gross at $666.646 ; hands employed— 1,712 males— 016 males, and 1,096 females ; monthly cost of labor, $21,505 ; value of products for the year, $1,109,524; products, 8,122,580 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,000,000 pounds yarn. Capital in 1840, $1,733,810. The woolen factories have capital $494,274 ; wool consumed annually, 1.510,389 pounds ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $548.367 ; hands employed, 893— 411 males, and 487 fem:iles ; monthly cost of labor, $14,559— male $10,367, and fe- male $4,192 ; annual products, 771,100 yards cloth, and 850,000 pounds yarn ; value of entu'e products, $1,164,446. Capital in 1340, $341,650. The tanneries have capital $572,857 ; value of hides and skins used annuaUy, $428,687 ; hands employed, 405 ; monthly cost of labor, $8.946 ; skins tanned, 130,781, and sides leather tanned, 303,970 ; value of entire products, $724,466. Capital tn 1840, $415,728 514 NEW JERSEY. The iron manufacture for the year 1S49-50, is exhibited in the following statistics : Specificationi. Capital invi'Sted dollars. . Iron ore used tons Pig iron " Old iron ^ " iliiifl-.il coal " .... . Coke and charcoal bushels. . Value of raw material, fuel, etc. dollars. . . Hands emijloycil number . Murilhly cost of labor dollars. . 14..')4',). 10,4311. Pig rron. Castings. 967,000 893,250 . 51,260 — — 10,606 — -850 20,865 5,444 4..'jitr. . 1,021,0110 1T6.S0U 1.9U4.1-.(l 832,707 801,048 '. B20,()5U 600 803 593 12,720. 19,344 10.473 Vro.i^lit Ivon. TotBl. 1,016,843 2,577,093 M.lal jiroduced tons 24,031 10,259 . ..dolKars. . 65.815 21,096 360 30.S16 3.79O.9S0 , 954,705 1,998 48.631 S,1U2 42,452 600,544 080,430 629,273 1,870,247 Value of entire producLs. -rCapital in 1840, $1,721,820. . Besides the above, New Jersey is distinguished for it? machine shops, saddleries, carriage and locomotive factories, jew- elry works, glass-houses, potteries, fire-brick yards, paper manullictorie-s, small arms factories, disrlllcries, paint-works, etc. and ii.13 also a large number of grist, saw, and other mills. The principal seats of manufaeluring industry in the State are Newark and Patterson. Trenton and .Tersey City have also ci>nsiderable manufacturing interests, and many of the interior towns are employed in the manufacture of shoes and boots, hats, etc. Cvinirn^rct'. — The foreign business of New Jersey is mostly transacted at the ports of New York and Philadelphia, and hence the direct commerce as reported in tlie United St^ites treasury returns, is comparatively insiguilieant. The value of direct exports to foreign couhtries in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, was $1,(5.55. and the value of imports .$1,494. En- trances 17 (1,001 tons), and clearances 11 (1,131 tons). Total amount of shipping owned in the Stale at the period above referred to, SO,3CiO tons, viz.: registered shipping 201 tons, enrfilled and licensed shipping 77,735 tons, and licensed ship- ping (vessels under 20 tons), 2,304 tons. Of the enrolleti and licensed shipping, 5,469 tons are navigated by steam. The importance of the several districts in relation to tlieir tonnage is as follows: Perth Amboy 22,084, Bridgetown 14,473 Great Egg Harbor 14,084, Burlington 7,578, Camden 6,509, Newark 6.628, Little Egg Harhor 6,183. Eitly-seven vessela of all kinds, with an aggregate capacity of 6,242 tons, were built during 1845-50, viz., 1 ship, 1 brig, 35 schooners, IT sloiip3,and3 steamers; and of the whole number and capacity, Perth Amboy built 21 (2,037 tons), liridgetown 9^925 tons). Camden 9 (425 tons), Newark 2 (271 tons). Little Egg Harbor 5 (599 tons), and Great Egg Harbor 11 (1,342 tons). The value of the commerce of New Jersey for a series of years from 1791, exhibits the following variations; Tor. Kxporta. 1791..,.. ....$20,988 1T92 -. .... 23,400 1793 54,179 1T94 .... es.i.M 179.5 .... 1S0,S14 1796 . . . . 69.227 1797 .... 18,161 1798 61.'^77 1799 .... 9.722 1800 2 2^9 1801 .... 2o,4ll0 1S02 .... 20.227 1803 .... 21,311 1804 .... 24,829 1S05 .... 20,743 1S06 .... 83,367 1307 .... 41.186 1803..... .... 20,739 1309 .... 319,175 ISIO .... 480,267 Im porta. Year. Expirts. ISll $1,371 151^ 4,136 1813 10,200 1814.... — 1815 5.279 1S16 9,740 1817 5.M9 IMIS 25,9,57 1819 1,474 1820 20,511 1321 83,711 1322. 8.3,561 1823 20,004 Importe, 1824. 1325. 1S20. 1827. 1828. 1829. 13:30. 28,989 47,213 87,905 25,027 1,322 8.022 8,321 17,606 103,190 6,933 637,518 27,038 40,004 838,497 700,872 780,247 13,444 Year. ETjir-rts 18.31 .... $11,430 1S32 .... 61,794 13-33 3'> 753 1834 .... 8.131 1335 .... 74,041 1836 ... 62,309 13.37 ... 44.217 1833 ... 28,010 1889 ... 98 076 1340 :.. 16.076 1341 ... 19,160 1842 ... . . 70 909 4843 ... 10,021 1844 ... 18,189 1545 1846 4,087 1S47 ... 19,123 1^3 02 1319 803 1850 ... , 1,055 Imports. $ — - 70,400 170 4,493 13,932 24,203 69.153 1,700 4,133 19,209 2,815 145 17,670 829 635 4,83T 1.S35 4,253 1,494 Iiiiemal Imprmemnit — The railroads of New Jersey, as well as the canals, are mostly constructed with a view to intercourse between New York and Pennsylvania. The Union Ilailroad is the only line running in any other direction, and this connects the travel west and east on the New York and Erie Pailroad with New York, passing through Paterson, one of the chief manufacturing cities of the State. The canals are, the Morris Canal and the Delaware and Karitan Can.-d— the first extending from E.iston to .Jersey City, and forming an outlet of the anthracite region of Pennsylvania ; and the latter extending from Bordcntown and Trenton, on the Delaware, to New Bmnswick, on the Karitan, and is the channel through which the coal of Maryland is brouglit to the New York market. All these lines are of inHuite ad- Tantage to internal commerce and through travel. The total length of completed railroad in the State on the 1st January, 1S68, wa4 34S miles, being in the proportion of 1 mile to every 27 sqntire miles of territory and to every 1,400 inhabitants. Bunks.— On the Ist January, 1851, there were 26 banks in operation, and their condition in the aggregate at that period WHS as follows: ZmWWm.!— capital, $3,754.900 ; circulation, $;1,046,6.58 ; deposits. $2,41 1 ,301 ; due ollur banks, $:?7:?,453 ; and fM.«rt.s— loans and discounts, $7,063,977; real estate, $270,540; other investments, $1.3:!,403; due by other banks, $1,578,003 ; specie, $022,334. Since the above retura was made a Free Banking Law has been adopted, and numerous banks have organized under its provisions. The constitution unwing. The powers of the governor are liinited ; he may vtio a bill, but a mnjorily (»f Ijolli houses may pass it notwitlistanding his objection; he may aUo grant reprieves for 9i.i days aflc-r convictinn, and ho, the cliancfllur, and the judges I'f the court of error and appeals may juiuily grant par.Jnns. During the la&t week of his official term he is forbid to nominate or appoint to any office. There is no lieuleuanl-governor, but in case of vacancy in the office of governor, the President of the Senate, and after him the :?peaUer of the Central Assembly becomes t^i'-q^cio governor; but if Uie vacancy occur more than 80 days belbre the general eleciiou, a successor is to be chosen at such election ; if within 30 days, then at the succeeding election. The greater portion of administrative officers are apjiointed by the governor. The J ufficiar;/ consists of a Court of Errors and Appeals, a Court of Chancery, a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Courta of Common Tleas, etc. The " court of errors and appeals" consists of the chancellor, the justices of Ihe supreme court, and six judges appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for six years, one every year. The chancellor and suprecne court judges, on ;tppe*ds from iheh- respective decisions, may state the reasons of their judgment, but ciin not vote. The Secretary uf Slate is clerk of the court. The court hulOs terms at Trenton on Ihe tliird Tuesday in January, April, July, and Oelobcr. The chancellor is appointed by Ihe governor, with the consent of the senate, fur seven years, and wiih a clerk constitutes tlie "court of chancery." He is also ordinury anf chancery are ajipoinled by the governor for five years. Clerks and surrogates of counties are elected by the people thereof for five years, and sherilfs and coroners annually ; but sheriffs and coroners can not serve for more Ihau three consecutive years. Ko person can be imprisoned for debt, except iii cases of fraud ; and in libel cases the truth may be given in evidence, and if published with good motives and for justifiable ends, is a sufficient defense — the jury to determine the law and the facts. The powers of the legislature are limited by the Constitution. In no case can it lend the credit of the State, nor create any debt Mhidi shall raise the whole State debt above $100,000, except in case of war, invasion, or insurrection, and unless such be auilioriztid by a law for some single object or work, to be distinctly specified therein, which law shall provide the ways and nutans, exclusive of loans, to pay Ihe int<.rest of each debt or liability as it falls due, and also t<» pay and discharge the principal within thirty-five years from Ihe time of the contracting thereof; and no such law shall Like efl'ect umil,at the general ekction, a majt)riiy of the people voling shall have saticlioai.-d it. No divorce shall be granted, or lottery author- ized, and no lottery tickets shall be sold in the State. Every law sliall have but one object, and that object shall be expressed in its title. No special law can be passed for the sale of properly belonging to minors or persons under legal disability. Bank charters shall be granted, continued, or amended, only by a vole of three-fifths of the members elected to CJu-h house, and for a term not exceeding 20 years. Fimince.'), Debt-n, e^.— The financial condition of the State is exhibited in the treasury report up to the close of 1950. Tlie available means of Uic treasury had "been fur the year comtneneing 1st January. 1S50, $133,544, of which $9,961 was a balantv from the preceding year, and the disbursements, onlinary and extraordinary, for the same period had been $125.o4:?, leaving a balance of means over expenditures of $i:i.001. The chii-f sources of income are transit duties, and dividends on the stock of railroads and canals, taxes on railroad stock, etc. The principal exi>cndilures were for the sup- port of Ihe executive, judiciary, and legislature, of State prison, and of the indigent d.v.— One Stale libriiry—5,iK'H') volumes; 3 social— 4 300 volumes; 3 college— 15,000 vo'umes ; 2 students— 7,000 vohimes; I academic or professional— 9.000 volumes; 1 scientific and historical— S26 volumes; 6 public school— 213 volumes. Tt>tal, 17 librurien, and 46,305 vohimes. Pfrindical /Vc^v.— \\'li(ile number of periodicals and newspapers published in tlie State Ut June, 1S50, 61 — of which 22 were whig, 20 domoorallc, and 19 neutral Tn politics, the lasi iiii-luding all devoted lo lil.radire. religion, science, etc. ; and nf ihe wliohr number 8 wi-re issued daily, circulating 6,950 copies at each issue ; 50 w eekly, circulating 35,944 copies ; and 3 monthly, ciriulating 960 copies. Of the dailies 3 were puMistifd :it Newark, 1 at Klizabeih^>wn, 3 at Trenton, and 1 at Dcrkertown ; of the ite^'klifi.^ 1 each at Burlington, Elrzabrtlitmvn, Woodbury. LamberiviHe, Tlightstnwn. Princeton, MiddK'Iown, Dover, and Deckertown, 2 ea'-h at Mount Holly. Brideieton, Newark', Plaitifield, Jersey City, Flemington, Eahway, Morristown, Patersoti, Saleni, Soinervitl^, Newton, and IJelvidere ; 3 eacli at Camden and New IJrunswlck ; 4 at Trenton, and 5 at Freehold ; and of iho mo)it/ih'&% 2 at Princet*in, and 1 at Morristown. lifligioHi Denomhuttionn. — ^The «ttUistics of the several religious denomiuati-jns in the State for the year 1S50, as ascertained by the census of that year, were as foUowa : Denomiiis- No. (if Cliurcli Value of Dennmina- No. of Cliiirrli V.liieol nenomoii. No, of Cl.urcli Value o( dons. CliufL-hcs. a.cuin. Prnperly. tjons. Cliurclies aOLOm. Property. tioDS. Cloin lies. ai'i.iii. *'r.,r.frty. Baptist lor . . 43,225 . . $3.34.600 German Ref. — . . — . . $ - n, Catli"lir-..' 21 .. 9,835 . $99,.3rivilege of self-government secured to them, Ihe propriefors reserving to themselves (he appointment of the executive. Philip Carteret was the first irovcrnor. The colony continued to thrive under the prudent management of the proprietors until 1673. when the Dutch, having re-taken New York, extended their power again over this province. Th'-ir government, however, was of brief duration ; for on the conclusion of peace, the country Was restored to England. The duke's patent was re-confirmed ; but he, considering his grant to Berkely and Carteret annulled, claimed immediate jurisdiction not only over New York, Imt also over the Ttrrit^ry of New Jersey, and ap- pointfd Sir Kdmund .Andros governor of his Territories from Ihe Connecticut to the Delaware. This tyrant arrived in America vn 1674, and proceeded to the exorcise of his functions. In Ihe same year Lord Berkely assigned his undivided half of New Jersey to William Penn and three others, and Carteret 3u!)seQuentIy agreed to receive East Jersey as bis share of the province. The rights of the original proprietors were not acknowledged by the duke until 16S0, and then not tintil forced by the highest legal opinion in favor of their claims. About this time the province received a considerable accession of inhabitants by tiie arrival of a number of Quakers, who principally settled in the neighborhood of the present towns of Burlington and Salem, which they built. In 16S2 Carteret transferred his interest in the province to William Perm anf the province to a company of Scotchman, at tlie head of whom was the Earl of Perth. After this event many immigrants arrived from Scotland. The first governor of East Jersey under the proprietors was Ilob<-rt Barkley, the celebrated author of the *' Apology for the Quakers,'" After the accession of the Duke of York to Ihe throne, a writ ot quo wavrnnto was directed to issue against the proprietors, who, finding there was no other resource, endeavored to save what they could by voluntary S'Ub- niission, and made a formal surren the production of different kinds of grain. On Long Island Sound, which b'lunds it on the S., are a number of flna harbors. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, oats, and potatoes. Farms 2,010; manuf. 765; dwell. S,336,and pop. — wh. 50,32S, fr. col. 1,493— total 51,821. CopiUd: New Lon«,».; 61 m 8. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained bv Clay cr, and by Elk or., which is its W. boundary. Surlace nearly even, with 8l]ght declivities : soil sandy loam. The v. contains several stores; and considerable manulacturing is done in the town At New London Cross-roads there is a forge and a rollinf- mill. " New Lyme, t. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., O/i/o .• ISO m. N. E. ColumlNis. Drained by branches of Grand r. Pop. 028. New .M.vntsoN, p. o., Darke countv, Ohio; on a creek of Whitewater river, 9-2 m. W. Columbus. New Maiikid counly, Jfn. Situate 8. E., and contains 573 sq. m. Drained by Whitewater river, which traverses its western portion, and by the lakes, which occupv a lar.'e portion of the county. Surface low and level, and'liable to submersion, in consequence of which the soil is in many parts unlit for cultivation, but in other sections is fertile and productive. Farms 407 ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. 752, and pop — wh. 4,or,7, fr. col. 3, 81. l,4Sl-total 6,541. Ctpital: New Madrid. New If ADitiD, p. v., and cap. New Madrid co., Jfn. ■ on the Mississippi r., on the N. W. bank of a large bend, and at mouth of St. John river. It contains the court-house and county offices. The "Commercial Herald" . .• on N side of Rolling Fork of .Salt r., 45 ni. S. S. W. Frankfort. ' New Market, p. v., Frederick co., j/,/. .• on N. bank of Bush cr., 47 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis, 1 m. from Monrovia, on Bait, and Ohio P.. R. ; has some trade. New Maricet, p. v., Platte co.,Mo.: 153 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. New Majiket, t., p. o., and sta., Rockingham county, 31 ff,nnp. : 30 m. E. S. E. Concor.l. Bounded on the E. by Great Bay. Drained by a branch of Lamprey r The Boston and Maine R. R. passes through the t., 57 m. from Bo«lon. Pop. 1,639. New Market, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., M Jei: : SO ra. N. E. Trenton, and 17 m. from Elizabethport, on the New Jersey Central K. R. New Market, p. v., Randolph co., .V. Car. : 69 m W. Raleigh. , New Market, p. v. Van Buren co., la. .- on S si.Io of Des Moines r., 63 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. New Market, t. and p. o., HighlMd CO., Oldo: 63 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 1.528. New Market, p. 0., Abbeville district, S. Car ■ 63 m W. by. N. Columbia. New Market, p. v., Jefferson county, Tenn. : ISO m E Nashville. New Market, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virff. : oa the N. fork of the Shenandoah r., 98 m. N. W. Richmond. Nbw Market, p. o., Monroe county, (?a.: 48 m. W. Milledgevillo. New Market, p. o., Lewis Co., Oreg. Ter.: on asoulhe/n mlet of Puget Sound, 14-3 hi. N. by E. Salem. New Marlborough, t. and p. v., Berkshire eo., Mast. : 112 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Konka|>nt r.. and a small lake with its outlet in the 8. part of the town, which empties into Blackberry r., in Conn. Surface generally uneven, wilh a ridge of high hills traversing from N. to 8. ; soil adapted to grazing. The t contains several stores and manufactories. Pop. 1,847. New Martixsville, p. o., Wetzel county, Virg.: 225 m. N. W. Richmond. Pop. 228. New Mavstille, p. v., Putnam county, fuel. ; 30 m. W. Indianapolis. New Matsi-ille, p. o., Pike county, II!.: W. by S. SpringfleM. THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. Neiv Mexico, as now organized, lies between the latitudes .320 and 380, and stretches e:ust and west between Texas oil the one hand and Ltah and California on the other. Its deflnile boundary begins "at a point in the Colorado River where the boundary hue of the Republic of Me.vico crosses the san.e; thence e,a.stwardly with said boundary line to the ElO Crande ; thence following the main channel of said river to the parallel of the 32d degree of north latitude ■ thence ea^ ward wuh same dt^ree to its intersection wilh the 103d degree of longitude west from (-reenwlcb ; thence no th-w"th ^; ";S'-™ of long.tt,de to the parallel of the ,3S,h degree of north latitu.le: thence west with said parallel to the sutnm of the f-ierra Madre; thence south with the crest of said mountains to the3:th parallel of north latitude; thence west with he s.a,d paralhd to Us mtersection with the boundary line of the Slate of California : thence with the laid boundaryTino 10 the place of begmning." W.lhin these boundaries the area is estimated at 210.7.14 square miles. ■niat portion of New Mexico westward of the Sierra .Madre can only be considered as a temporary appendage to tho Territory. It ,s bounded .south by the Rio Gila, and extends nonh to the 37tli parallel, beng watered by the Colorado and numerous affluents of the river bounding it on the south. In thenorth-e.ast part it is occupred by cons.rraMe mramt ams and mountain vallexs, and the whole eastern line is also mountainous and rugge.l. The interior forms a varied rntof connT^:!' ."r.;"-"'"'""^"' '•■"""■ ""'l 'I"" "■"'"^.v I"-'-'"? ™ 'h^' «"«• which is hilly and broken, abounds in mines of copper, gold, sdv< r. etc., accounts of which are recorded by the Commissioners of the Boundary s„rvev It is aivided mto the counties of Kio Arriba and Socorro, and c*.niprises about two-flfths of the area of the Territory. It is W9 NEW MEXICO. Bolely iohabited by Indians — Ibe Navajocs in the norlh-euel, the Apaches in the east and south-east, the Pimos in the ■west and south-west, and the Fah-Ulahs in the north-west. New Mexico proper, in its general aspect, is muunlaiuous, with a large valley in the middle, running from north to south, and formed by the Rio Grande. The valley is generally about twenty miles wide, and bordered on.the east and ■west by mountain chains, continuations of the Kocky Mountains, which havf here received various names, as Sit-rra Blanca, Sierra dc loa Organos, Sierra Oscura, etc., on tho east^ide, and Sierra Madre, Sierra de liw Grullas, de Aeha, do loa Mimbres, etc., on the west side. The ht;ight of tht^se niountiuna south of Santa Fe may, upon an average, be from 6,000 to 8,000 feet, while near Santa F6, and in the more northern regions, some snow-capped peaks are seen tliat may rise from 1U,000 to l'2,0iX) feet abo\e the sua. The mountains are prin.-.ipally composed of igneous rocks, as sieuiLe, gran- ite, diorit, basalt, etc. On the higher mountains excellent pine limber grows; on the lower, cedajs, and aomeliuies oaks, aji# in the central valleys, niezquite, etc The main artery of New Mexico is the Rio Grande, a large ana long river. Its head waters were explored in ISOT by Captain Pike, between 87° and SS*^ north latitu'le, but its highest sources are some two degrees farther north, in the recesses of the Kocky Mountains, near the head waters of the xVrkansas and the Colorado of the West. Following a generally southern direction, it passes through the territory, where its principal affluent is the KioChamas from the west, and winds its way in a south-eastern direction, dividing in its course, below 32° north latitude, the United Stales from the Mexican Republic, to the Gulf, into which U falls in 250 50' north latitude. Ita tributaries below New Mexico are, from the north, the Rio Pecos, and from the south the Conchos, Salado, Alamo, anedition were much mitigated by the benevolent attentions and disintcrest^^^d kindm^ses u\ the women — acts which, when contrasted with the barbarities and instULs heaped ujion them by the male portion of the iiihubilanta, will ever reflect honor on their many virtues. New Mexico is divided in seven counties, the general statistics of which, and tlie capitals of each, in ISoO, were a^ follows : Counties. Dwell. Pop. Fnrms in c45 . . 194 .. . Santa F6 . . . . 1.56t . 7,713 . . 713 .. 6 . Capitals. Counlies. Dwell. Pop. iiii'iilt. K^tdb. CaintaU. Albnquerque San Miguel . . 1.731 . . 7.074 . . 177 . . . Sub Miguel Cii.liiUo T.ios 2,214 . . 9.S07 . . 651 . 13. . Taos Jcniez Socorro (new) — . — . . — . — . . Socorro Santa F^ Valencia 2,S77 . . 14,147 . . 1,379 . 1 . Valencia The whole number of dwellings in the Slale was, at the above date, 13,4o3, of families 13,502, and of iuhaliilanls 01,505, vi2. : whites 61,4S8— males 31,700, and females 29,7S2, fr. eol. 17— males 14, and females 3. Of the whole population there were deiif and ul2%9Dl pounds; butter. 111 pounds; cheese, 5,149 pounds; and the vaino of animals slaughtered during the year f S2,125. Neither eilk, nor beeswax and honey are ri-turncJ by the census takers, aJthoughit Is well known that both arc produced to a considerable amount. Grain and other Food t>w;)«.— Wheat, 190,510 bushels; rye, bushels ; Indian com. 305,411 bushels; onis, 5 bushels; barley, 5 bushels; and buckwheat, 100 bushels. The other food crops consisted of 15,6SS bushels of peas, uud three bushels of Irish potatoes. ■ 851 NEW MEXICO. MisceUaiieom C'-o;m.— Tobacoo, 8.467 pounds; mnl;ii«e3, 4,236 gallons; and wine, 2,863 gallons. Value of urcliard pro'iucls, $S,'2-31, and of market-garden products, $6,679. Ilomt-viade JLi7iu/urture^ for tho year ending Isl June, 1S50, were valu&.l ai $6,039. There is but one tannery in the Territory with a capital of $500. " The ^cw Mexicans are celebrated for Ihc mannfacture of coarse blankets, wbich is an article of cmsidorable traffic between them and the southeni provinces, as also with the neighboring Indians, and on some occasions with the Slates eastward of the country. The finer ariicles are curiously woven in handsome figures of various colors. These are of different qiialilles, the most ordinary being valued at about 'two dollars, while those of the finest texture, especially iboir imitations of the nerape Navajo^ will sell for twenty dollars or more. There have been also made in New Afexico a few imitalions of the serape SalWf^ro^ the blanket of Saltillo, a city of the South, celebrated for the manufacture of tlie most splendid fancy blankets, singularly figured with all the colors of the rainbow. These arc often sold for more than fifty liollars each. \Vhat n-nders the weaving of the fancy blankets extremely tedions is, that the variegation of eolors is all eflecled with the shuttle; the texture in other respects beitTg perfectly plain, without even a tivill. An additional value is set upon the fine serape on account of its being a fashionable substitute for a cloak. Indeed, the inferior s<;rape is the only over-dress used by the peasantry in the winter. " Besides blankets, the New Mexicans manufacture a kind of coarse twilled woolen ^ufT called gerga^ which is check- ered with black and while, ami is used for carpets, and also by the peasantry for clothing ; which, in fact; with some t>ther similar domestic siufTs, together with buckskin, constituted almost the only article of wear they were possessed of. till the trade from Missouri fiirttished them with foreign fabrics at more reasonable prices than they ha(i been in the habit of paying to the traders of the southern provinces. Their domestic textures are nearly all of wool, there being no flax or hemp, and but little cotton spun. The manufacture eVen of these articles is greatly embarrassed for want of good spin- ning and weaving machinery. Much (if the spinning is done with the hit/so^or makicate (the whirligig spindle), which is kept whirling in a bowl with the fingers, while the thread is drawn. The dexterity with which the females spin with thb simple apparatus is truly astonisiiing." — Gregg. New Mexico receives most of its foreign goods by the overland route. This trade is carried on by caravans that trav- erse the desert at stated periods annually. Before 1S22 it had scarcely an existence, but since that lime it has gradually increased and become profitable; and it is probable Ibnt the total value of goods thus annually brought into the territory is not less than a million ol dollars ; but a great portion of I be goods representing this amount is smuggled into Chihua- hua and other Mexican States. The est:iblished post or e/itrepdt for depositing the goods brought on tlie voyage upward by the Missouri for the Santa F6 trade, is the town of Independence, situate about twelve miles from the Indian border and two or three soutli of the Missouri River. Government — The government Is based on the act of Congress approved 9th September, 1S50, establishing the Terri- tory. It provides — That every ir^a white male inhabitant 21 years of age, who shall have been a resident of the territory at the time of the pa_ssage of the act above named, shall be entitled to vote. The right of suffrage and of holding office shall be exercised only by citizens of the United States, including those recognized as citizens by the treaty with the Ke- public of Mexico, concluded 2d February, 184S. The Z^gifilatlveAsaemhl}/ consists of a Council and House of Kepresentatives, The council consista of la-raembers, to Bcrve for two years, and tiie house of 26 members, to serve for one year. Members are to be residents in and inhabitants of the district from which elected. A plurality of votes elects, and in case of a tie, the governor orders a new c-leclion. All acts passed by the legislature and approved by the governor, shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved, shall be of no etfect. The Governor is appointed by the President of the United States for four years, and until his successor be qualified. He must reside within the territory, and is ea'-ojfffcio Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He may pardon for ofi"ensc3 against the laws of the Territory, and reprieve convicted ofl"enS.200. The fact of the country being now a part of the United States h;is done away with the exclusive nature of this church ; and although no other churches are noticed in the official returns as existing within tlie Territory, yet it is assumable that others do exist for the accommodation of those ciiizen immigrants from the old Slates whose religious viewi do not coincide with the general and popular creed. Assuredly there is no impediment to Ihoir foundation. 553 NEW NEW esmblished at tUis >,„,e. The mi„es tore su es ftX^^,"; ,^0';,°, T'^V"'' '"" "'"" "">' ^---- *-« -he„, q,„„ „nexpcc.ed,y, in 168.1, a general insurrec ,n ; , V " L ™ .S « U™^^ T '"""''' '^■™'"' '^ '"■ »'■-"=''. Span,ar'*^' Th" recovered f ,r ten or twelve years. Several ir„nrr,.„H„J 1 '^ rumWed El I'aso del Norte. The eountry was not cue. The deep rancor of „fe ladianThTw^ "^ ^t ^tlro^rslrtT^; '"' """ • ^" ""'^•^""' "' '»-'--- '"'^ race an.l is often displayed in the most bloody and critoLhr" I l^.h, ""■""':'"" "-"'■«'!■>"'*• »t"l -"'«les the he Ln.ted Slates became master of the countr^ Th eo„n, v nlw V ?"7',^' ''^™ "'" ""•" ''"^ f^-l"-'" ''"^ threw the Spanish power, an.l since that perio, to v hin H eL f?w v ' ' f '"'''''""' """ ""• '"""""'" "- — '- or New Mexico, previous ,0 the invasion Lv the Am e "s ha;l, t.o ' ^ '"'™ "'™"^ 'logeneratins. The hi^ory barism and tyranny. On the Sth SeplemheritMSaWa Few 1 '" "'•'■''fV""""™- " '" " ''""•i™™"-- "-e.-rd of bar- and soon afk-r several of the river towns wore "'sited "n hi, „,'?;'; ."*' "'" ■"""'"''"^ """" «™<-'-' K^'-^fT, lished. On the 19th .of Januarj-, mz, an Lurre Ion "rot out a ■ ? 1 """ ^ '"'' *'''>--'""™' -- ""w «ta£ An,erica„s were murdered, among whom was MB™, t- govemof "t "'^^™^"''™»' ""^ !" --■-> P"oWos n,a„y chief seen^of strife. The battles of La Can.ada and E^Ernhnfo n7 ?'■ •^'■'■"•™-H''»'l<'. "»'l I'-io Color.ado were tho Taos, in all of which the Mexicans were co" p elc"y Snqt -d Some 'few s[" "l"""'"' •™" '" '""'"'■•"' ">^^ "^""^ "' importance, and from this period the United States author ties ever",^., f '™'"'^'' °«!"-'-<^'l ''"■-■' U.ese, but none of treaty of peace and cession was signed at Gua,h lupe I dal 1 v wb ;^w ^7' """"■■ °" ""^ ^'^ ^"""'"'''y' l*''^. « the 9,h September, ls.,0, the country within iU p e„ i niS wa^ ere^l": fr", '"^ ""'^""' '" ""^ ^'"'™' ^'"^ ™ however, the people had formed for themselves a State constitu^.n 1 ^^h "" S"^'"'-"™™'- I" the interim, rem^ded bac. to a territorial condition, under whrHT^^^rur „'^: J:.;;* ^^ "^ ^-»"-'' -'" "''= --^^ S.^T.. F., on the eas.s.de of the Eio Grande, is the political capital of The TerZy; • New MicmaA.v, p. 0., Livingston co., m.: 96 m N E Springfield. ' " New MtDDLETowN, p. v., Mahoninj co., OMo: IM m N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by a cr. of Mahonin<^ r New MiLFoRt., t. an,l p. v., Litchfleld cc^, tV/™.;'(l m W. S. W. Hartford, .32 ,n. N. W. by W. New Haven, on Housaton.c r. and It. E., 87 m. from Bridgeport. Surface uneven and hilly : soil gravelly and clay loam, well watered by Housatonic river and its branches. The I. contains 10 churches, several taimerie.s, an.l mills. The v. is very hand- of "1 tl """"'"^ """"^ """" "'"^ '^'■" "■'"'°''- •P^P'"="i'"> New Muford, p. 0., Winuibago m.,m. .- IS.3 m. N bv E BprmgUeld. * Alba™ ^'"'°'"'' P- "•' °"°Se CO., K K; 102 m. S. by W. New MiiFOEn, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., P«,„. .• 1.4 m. N. N L. HarrisDurg. Drained by MitehelPs and Salt L,ck creeks : the surface is h illy, with a soil of clay and pravel. There is some manufacturing done in the t The Lackawanna and Western E. E. passes through Ihe t., and connects w,th the New York and Erie R. E., 6 m. disl^nt JSEwM„.LT0WN,p.o., Lancaster CO., Pen,,... 38 „. g e llarnsburg. New .M.lton, p. 0., Doddridge co., Urg. : 214 m. N. W. iiicnmontl. New M„„.^t Pleasant, p. v., Jay co., Tml. : 67 m. N E Ji:::'r;httr''-™="^ '-- '^'"'^'' •» ^'''"-"'•' Newnan p. v., and cap. Coweta co., Ga. .■ 97 m.W bv N om Atllito The"^" '• ""■ T'"' '""'"-'■ '"= ^-^ '" -• w^kiy. '"■^"' '^'""'"" ^''™-) '^ r.''Wisi";-J 1- rE^^E TnJ"; '■' ""'r"- ^'"''""^ """"'>•• ^''»•••• Allm" ' ^- "■' ^'"'"'"' '"■' ^' ''■■ "'^ ™- W. S. W. New Oeleaxs, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Orleans par, /,„.; on the E. or lea bank of ,he Missisi^^pi ve" 10= m. above its month, and in a direct line 7S m S E Baton Eouge. La,. 290 57' 30" N., and long. 900 w A traveler ,s siniek on enlering tho city "with ihe old and narrow streets, the high houses ornamented with taste ful connces, >r„n balconies, and many other circumstances pccuhar to towns m France and Spain, and poinling out the past history of this city, fated ,0 change iu n.asters so often. The newer pans of the city are, however, buUt more ,n the American style, the streets being wide and regularly la.d out. Many of the dwellings are built in a style of magn.flcence and beauty that will rival those of any oher cty, while Ihe beautiful grounds attached to them, filled will, the luxuriant foliage of the south, give to Ih,™ m a.r of comiort and ease which are seldom enjoyed bv tho city resident. There are in the city six public squares; laid out with taste, inclosed wilh hands.>rae fe.icin.- and adorned with a variety of trees an.l shrubbery. These aff.ird a pleasant retreat from the heat and glare of the streets and tend als.. to improve the health of Ihe city. Tho old city is built iu the form of a parallelogram Tho present city consists of this part, the suburbs of St. Man's An,iue,ation,and La Course, called Faubourgs, and Ihe City of Lafayette above, and the suburbs of Maugney, Douruois, and Declouel below, and Treme and St. .John in the rear Including these, it extends about 5 miles along the river and .s rapidly being extended back toward Lake Pontehartrain, with which It communicates by means of the Basin, Canal, a,,d Bayou St. John, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the whole Gutf sh.)re. It also communicates bv means of tho bayoux Plaquemine and Lafourche wilh 'ibe Atlakapas country, and has many other communications by means of the numerous bayoux and lakes with the lower part of Louisiana. The charier of this now opulent city was granted in 1S05. In 1S36 It was thought advisable ,0 divide the cily into three separate municipalities, each wilh distinct municipal powers. These municipalities extended backward six miles to Lak.' Pontehartrain. The first municip.alitv w.as divided into live wards, and the second an.l third in'to four wards Bach. Ea.-h had a recorder and twelve aldermen, except the thir.l, which had only seven al.lernien. A mayor and twelve al.lermen, four aldermen from each municipality elecle.1 by general ticket, and called the general eouncu' presidc.1 over the whole city. This system was alteren^ hundred iniUion of dollars more or less. Nearly 20.000 miles of inland navigation is tribu- tary to this city. The quay appropriated to the foreign and coastwise shipping presents another nnd a different scene. Here the cotton bale, tobacco hogshead, pork anrl», New York. .. Boston Pliiladelpliia. Balliniore ... Chtirlryion — Savannati — KorC)]k, etc — Alexandria — Mobile — Ai)palac., etc. . . — Other ports 601 lo.osr 1,594 1,118 754 291 . 13,595 . . ~m . . . 10,204 .. . 3,070 .. . 3,517 . . . 4,072 .. . 552 .. . 3,S40 . . . 1,071.. . 2,833 .. Barrels. 655 .. 27 .. SOT .. 237 . , 660 .. S9 ., 120 .. 2,206 . 254 .. 3,409 Flnur. Barrels. 72,554 , SS,925 , 41S , 6,175 Pork. Barrel 3. 65,849 . T7,S06 . 6,533 . 13,421 . 1.003 . Bacon. HIiJs. 9,S56 6,503 , 2,703 ljS4.3 2,572 .209,823 . .224.333 . . 41,045 . . 32,585 . . '2,769 . Beef. Barrels 3,055 13,4.35 421 955' 119 e, etc. ; Whisky. Bai els 1,381. 2,242 . 26S. l.,M2 . 11,514 . 160,723 . 32,461 . 9.471 . 23,978 .150,960 .. 22,590 .. 19,97: 40,040 . . 8,755 . . 50,333 . .160,125 4. — Principal exports to foreign countries, in 1S49-50 : Cotton. Ti»baecn. Country. Bales. Hlids. Great Britain, 552,372 13,223 France 130,362 4,182 North of Europe 47,786 9,393 South of Kurope, etc 54,120 13,859 Flour, 264.356 barrels; pork, 16,230 brls. ; lard, 188,353 kegs ; beef, 20,645 barrels ; corn, 158,613 sacks. Tlie arrivals at New Orleans from the intcrii »r, etc., in 1S40- 50 wi^rti : Jiat boat^ 941 — from Ohio 218, from Kentucky 55, from Indiana 298, from Virginia 12, from Pennsylvania 222, from Illinois 19, from Tennessee 104, and from Mississippi 10 ; and the rlcer st^amhoat^ 2,913. The total value of domestic merchandise exported from New Orleans to foreign countries from the Ist July, 1850, to SOlh .June, 1551. amounted to $53,955,013, of which to the value of 138.022.609 was carried in American, and -115,965.404 in foreign bottoms; and the tittal value of foreign merchan- dise re-exported w.^s $445,950, of which to the value of $388,265 was carried in American, and $57,685 in foreign bottoms. The following are the entrances and clearances in the foreign trade in the year above named: Clearances : Quarter emiing 80th September, 1850, Slst December, " , 8l8t March, 1S61 80th June, " , Total. . , ESTRAXCBS ; Quarter ending . SOlll September, 1850. Slst December, " . Slst March, 1S51. aoth June, " . An>erican^ Foreign. Vessels. Tonnage. ...109.... 44.549. ...114.... 53,946. ...183.... 85,747. ...2:34.... 108,716. Ves.«els. Tonnage. .. 62..., 19,867 .. 66.... 20,937 ..119 53,762 .. SS.... 34,383 .645.. 292,953. 325. .123,949 Foreign. Vessels. ... 61.. ...15S.. ...178.. ...UG.. Tonnage, Vessels. Tonnage. . 16,17T.... 42.... 14,^7 . 61,437.... 106.... 40,S27 . 64.104.... 97.... 45,203 . 53.368.... SS.... 86,613 Total. .543. .195,136.... 333.... 137,000 Caali Li.ibilitiM. The total number of entrances in the coastwise traHein 1S5(I-51 wasl.t;2T vessels, of the aggiregate bunion of 353.175 tons, and the total number of clearan(*ea was 1,17S, of tho agiSregate bunlen of 435,892 tons. The manufactures of New Orleans are not extensive. There are several furnaces, machine shops. distiUfries, sugar refineries, lumber yards, steam saw-mills, li)bacco factories, etc. — in all using a capital of some three millions of dollars; and besides these there are the handicrafts com- mon to all large cities, which in the aggregate make up a respectable list of occupations. The most extensive fnuudry and machine shop of the south-west is that of John Lee^is tfc Co. in this city ; it employs 175 men, nTjd from 4 to 5 tons of metal are daily melted down and ran off into the thoa- sand-and-one things f )r which iron and brflss may be used — a steam-engine and sugar-mill dow-n to a nut and screw. This establishment has grown up from a little shop owned by the father of one of the principals 20 years ago, and is a fair illustration of what, from .sm.ill beginnings,' Americaa energy, perseverance. anrleaiis,OpeloHsas, and Great Western E. K. ; the New Orleans and Nashville li. U. ; and a rail- road from Mobile, connecting wUh the navigation i»r Lake Pontchartraiu. which will supersede Ihe tedious navigation of the passes along the soulhern 8hi>re of Mississippi. Tho canals of New Tirleans have been opened with llie aamo design as that lutftUed by the exisling railroads Opposite to New Orleans, and connecting with it by a ferry, is the town of Algiers, the principal workshop of the city. Here are several extensive ship-yarda, and numerous artisans engaged in building and repairing vessels. At Macdonough, above and adjoining it, is the United States Marine Hospital, a splendid building, used for the purpose its name designates. Belleville lies helow and also adjoins Algiers, and has many fine residences. Many of the seats in the suburbs of the city are surnmnded with spacious gardens, splendidly ornamented with orange, lemon, mag- nolia, and other trees. The history of New Orleans in its early epochs is that of Ihe whole French settlements in Lower Louisiana. Tills will be found under its aji^)rnpriale caption. The city was founded in 1717, and named after the T)uc d'Or- leaus, then regent of France, but Ihe site was abandoned soon aller, and not settled again until IT'22. Soon after this it began lo prosper, and constant accessions were m,ide to tlie populatinn by the arrival of immigrants. By the trealy of 1703, New Orleans, with all Louisiana west of the Missis- sip])], was transferred to Spain by treaty. The population now numbered 3,190. The transfer greatly provoked the French inhabitants, and some oiiposition was made, but in Ihe end the Spanish laws were gradually introduced, and, by a beneficent administration, the city so flourished under the new government, that the population in 17S5 had in- creased to4,9S0 — a great movement in those days. In 1T92, Ihe city was divided into four wards, and its police greatly improved, and two years later the first newspaper was pub- lished. The country was prosperous at the commencement of the French Kevolution ; but in ISOl, Spain having fallen into the power of France, it was retroceded to that nation, and in 1803 was sold to the United States by the French. The population was now over 8,000. In 1^4, New Oricaus was made a port of entry, and in 1^05 was incorporated. Karly in 1S12 the first steamboat arrived from the Ohio! The war of 1312-15 now brokeout, and the British made a descent on the city, autl on the Sth of Jan., 1S15. the great- est battle of the war was fought — the result is kno«Ti to every schoolboy. The modern progress of the city now commenced; the settlement of the valley of tho Mississippi, and the consequent trade with the only port of its outlet, in- creased rapidly and proportionally. The increase is still giiing on, and will raise New Orieans to the first rank among commercial cities. It is now the great depOt of the export trade of the valley ; and when its railroads to the north are completed, much of the import trade now liaving its course from the northern Atlantic eoa.'^t will cerlainly make New Orieans its cntrcpat. The difficuli up-navigation , of the river, even by steamboal-s, has hitherto been the great drawback, but with this line of road. New Orleans will com[)cte successfully with New York, Boston, and Phila- deljihia for the golden fleece of the great west. Population in 1763, 3.190; in 17^5, 4,9S0; in 1S04, 8,000; in ISl", 17,242; in 1S20, 27,17S; in 1S30, 49,S2G: in 1S40, 102,193 ; and in IS'iO, 119.461. The population of Lafayette in 1^0 was 3.207, and in 1S50, 14,190. New Oxfoi:i>, p<^st village, Adams county, Penii.: on the east side of Conewago creek, 27 miles south by west Ilarrisburg. New Palestftte, p. t., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 92 m. S. W. Columbus ; ia a email village of considerable 657 NEW business, particularly in Ihe manufacture of brick, which is mainly taken to Cincinnati „ , -nr Nh ' P.Li^, t. and p. v., Ulster CO., .V. Y. : TO m. S. by W. Albany, on the Wallkill. Surface hilly ; soil mosUy loanj ana fertile. The v. conUiiBS a flourishing acaJemy and 8 Churches. Pop. of t. 2,729. New Palm LiNuiSG, p. o., Ulst" Co., A. 5..-^on W. bank of.llua3un r., opposite Poughkeepsie, 9 m. K Mew Paltz villaijce. w %. a New Paws, p. v., Preble county, Ohio: 80 m. W. by S. Columbus, on W. bank of Whitewater r., which affords good ^NlTpE^'BEsnuRG, p. v.. Highland oo., Ohiu: on S. side Piii.t or 64 ra. S. S. \V JL'olunibus. NE.; Pmt..nEu.n,.,t o., P.ke CO., ^ : on Bay er., 62 ni. W. I'y S. Springfield. , , m New PniEADEEPUiA, p. o.. Washington Co., ln7. OljMll : Newport. Newport, p. v., New Castle county, Z>,'.: on N. side of Christiana cr., 3S m. N. Dover. The Phdadelphia, Wil- min-ton. and Baltimore E. Pv. passes through the T., 83 m. froin Philadelphia, 66 m. from Baltimore. Newport, p. v., and cap. Wakulla county, FloK : on St M^rk" r. 16 m. E. 8. E. Tallah^ee. The "Wakulla Times" is published weekly. Newport p. v., and cap. Vermillion eo., Ind.: on S. bank of Little Vermillion r., 2 m. above its junction will, UiO Wabash r., 65 ra. W. by N. Indianapohs. H contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and is surrounded by a very '"ne^."o"« p. v., and cap. Campbell co.. Ky.: on 3hio r., a,»ve the";;,Lio;i of Licking r., 63 m. N. N. E. Franklor. II is situated on an elevated plain c<.nmiand,ng a flm- uew if Cincinnati directly opposite, wilh which e, y .here ^ • steam ferry connection. Here is a garrison of L. b arm/, sevTral factories and churches. The "Newport and Cov- ington News" is published daily. Pop. 5,595. Newport, t and p. v., Penobscot county, ife.. 4S m. N E. byN AngustJt- Pop. 1,212. Newport, p. v., Charles co., .1M. ; on stfeam of Aliens Fr«C 14 ml S. E. Port Tobacco. 43 m. S. by W. Annapolis. Newpoht. p. v.. Franklin eo., ih.: S. side Missouri r., 64 m. E. Jefferson City. Newport p. v., Monroe Co., Mich.: on an estuary of Lake Erie, the mouth of Swan cr., SI m. S. E. Lansuig. Newport, p. v., St. Clair co.. .Wch. : on St. Clair r at mouth of Belle r., 103 m. E. by S. Lansing; is well situated, 6£S NEW and has a very large business in sawing and exporting pU>8 timber, which abounds in this section. Newport, t, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co.. -V. namp.: 34 mW N.W. Concord. Drained by Sugar r. and brancbra. Surface uneven ; soil fertile on the streams. The E. and S. branches of Sugar r. unite near Ihe v. and afford wate.^ power to several mills. The " N. 11. Argus and Siicctator' (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 2,020. NEWPORT, t. and p. v., Uerkimcr county, A. ).: .6 in. N W by W. Albanv, on West Canada cr. Surface of t hilly -soil sandy an.! calcareous loam. The v. has some manufactures, and is a thriving place. Pop. of t. 2,126. Newport, p. v., Cumberland Co.. -V. Jer. : Oo m. S. S. W. Trenton, on Nautuxct cr., 5 m. above its mouth. Newport, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on Ohior., 12 m. E. MarietLt. 100 ra. E. S. E, Columbus. Surface of L level: soil alluvial. Pop. 1,427. The v. I's finely situated, and is a thriving place. Pop. of 1 1.427. Newport, p. v. and sla.. Perry co., Pmn.: on W. sido of Juniata r., above Ihe confluence of Little Buffalo cr..M m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylvania K. E. and Pennsyl- vania Canal pass through this village. There is a blast furnace at Newport, 3 m. distant _ Newport, p. v., and cap. Cocke CO., Tmn. : on S. side French Broad r., 204 m. E. by S. NashviUe. Newport, t, p. v., port of f^ntry, and ca«.. Newport eo., 7? /.. and one of the capitals of the State : on S. W. side of Ithode Island, 6 m. from the ocean, 24 m. S. by E. Provi- dence, 70 m. S. by W. Boston. Lat. 410 29 N., long. 710 19' 12" W. from Greenwich, and 50 42' 4S E. from Washington. Tlie t. is in form an irregular !»_-mi-circle, as aho is the harbor upon which the v. is situated. Surface undulating, presenting variety of scenery: soil very fcrtde. The harbor is one of the best in the U. S,, and celebrated for its beauty. It is very accessible, spacious, safe, and deep enough for the largest vessels-defended by forts Adams and Wolcolt.which are garrisone.l by companies of FT. S. arldlciT. The former is very large, of great streiigtli, and was built at great expense. A U. 8. naval officer is stationed here. The V occupies a beautiful aeelivily, which rises gradually from tlie harbor, presenting a beautiful appearance. It was settled ill 163s, grew rapidly, and was very flounshing until the Ilevolutionarv War, at which lime its populabou was about 10,0011. During the war it was chiefly held by the British and at its close the population was about 5,500. It then somewhat revived for a time, tmtil the embargo pre- ceding 1812 ; but subsequently its trade was much diverled to Providence and other places. Many of the inhabitauts are engaged in the coasting trade and flslierics. Some largo cotloii'°and woolen factories have been established. The principal public buildinzs consist of the State-house, market- house, cuslom-house, and Redwood Library and Athcneum, containing 4,000 vols. Besi.lcs 12 churches there is a Jews synagogue, now unused but kept in fine repair by avails of a legacv. There is also 1 savings' bank, 7 banks, with a capital of $0SO,flOO. The total valuation of property in New- port in ISoO, was $4,720,460, tax assessed. »16,577. By the Fall P.iver line of steamboats it has daily cominumcation with New York ; a steamboat also plies daily to Pmvi.lenee. Projects of connecting Newport by raUroad wilh Fall River, Bri«lol, and I>rovidence, are in agitation. Two newspapcra are p.lblished daily, "News" (whig), and "Adveruser (whig) : 3 weeklv, " Newport Mercury" iwliig). eslabhshed in 1768, "Herald and Rhode Islander" (whig), and • Ad- vertistr" (whig). Om.m«w.-on the SOih .Tune, 1S50, the loUil tonnage of Newport district was 10,679 Ions : registered 6.615. enrolled and licensed 4,9*4. Of registered tonnage 4 "79 tons were permanent, 1.365 were lemporary, and l.ol( ton, were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and hcen- s-d tonnage, 4,560 tons were permanent, 4,112 in the coast- \n4fl. 3,055 barrels of sperm oil were brought into this port. New- port has li'D^ been a very favorite fashionable summer re- 8orL It is attractive ijeeause of its beautiful scenery, cool and salubrious sea breezes, fashionai)le company, larfie and WfU-k'pt hotels, opportunities for fishing, bathing, ele. In the viciiiily of Newport is a curious mominient of anli(iaity —the I tU\ Tower, or Old Slone Mill, of which tlie age and origin are unktiown. and have been the subject of much learned discussion. Pop. oft. in 1S30, S,010; in 1S4U, S,:i3:J; in ls50. 9 5G:J. Nkw POUT, t. and p. o., Orleans co., V'fnn. : 50 m. N. by E. Montpi-lier. Bounded on N. E. by Lake Memphremagog. Pop. T4S. Newport, p. v., Giles co., Vf'rg.: ou S. bank of creek of New r.. ITO ra. W. by S. Kichmond. Nkwp<.irt, p. o.. Lake county, 77/. .' about 2 m. E. of Des Piaines r.. 20S m. N". N. E. Springfield. New Portage, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: 100 ra. N. E. Colutnbus, on the line of Akron Branch K. E., and on E. bank of Wolf creek. Nkwpokt Centhe. p. 0., Luzerne counly, Petm. : 7S m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. New Portland, t. and p. o., Somerset co., 3ff. : 45 m. N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile brook and its branches. Soil fertile and adapted to grain. Population 1,460. New Portland, p. v., Ralls co.. Mo. : on N. side of Salt river, 70 m. N. by E. JetTerson City. New Portland, Stewart co., Teim. : 63 m. W. N. "W. Nashville. Newt ORTSVTLLE, p. v., Bucks co., Penn. : on N. E. siile of "Neshaming creek, at the head of navigation, about 3 m. from lis mouth, 103 m. E. Harrisburg. New Pkeston, p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : 37 m.W. byS. IXart/ord, 36 m. N. "W'. New Haven, on AV. side of E. Aspe- tuck r., 1 m. S. Kaumaug lake. Nbw Prikceton, p. v., Coshocton county, Ohio: 60 m. E. N. E. Columbus. New Pieuspect. p. o., Orange county, Tnd. : on 9. side of Lick cr.. So m. S. by "W, Indianapolis. New Prospect, p. v., Greene co., A!CE, p. v. and sta., Clark co., Jnd. : ^7 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 19 m. by railroad from New Albany, on the New AMtnny and Salcra K. R. Drained by the Muddy Pork of Silver creek. New Providence, p. v.. Montgomery CO., Tfenn. ; 47 m. H.W.Nashville. New Kktreat, p. o., Washington county, Ind. : SO m. S. Indianapolis. New Richland, p. v. and sta.. Logan co,, Ohio: 52 ni. N. W. by W. Columbus ; station on Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. New Ricumond, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 95 m. S. W. Columbus, on <.Hiin r., near Muddy ' 1st, 1S50, it had 2'2T tons in the wh.ale fishery, and during 1S49 it received 242 barrels of sperm oil, 314 barrels of whale oil, and 1,200 pounds of whalebone. New Sweden, p. v.. Clinton co., 27: Y.: on N. Bide of Sable r, 123 m. N. Albany. Newton county, Arl: Situate N. toward the "W.. and contains T33 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo fork of ■\\'hite r. and other streams. Surftice varied ; in the S. being hilly and broken, the residue generally level. Soil ferlile, and well adapted to corn. Galena and other ores abound in this re- gion. Farms 230: raamif 0; dwell. 2SS, and pop.— wh. 1,7114, fr. col. 7, si. 47— toUil 1,75S. Copittd: Jasper. Newton county, Git. Situate N. centrally, and contains 414»q. m. Drained by Alcopahatchee and Tellow rivers, tributaries rif Ocmulgee r. Surface undulating, and soil fer- tile and very productive. Cotton is the staple, bat wheat and corn are raised in considerable quantities. Agriculture Is much attended to by a large portion of the population. Timber is abundant Farms 612; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,374, and pop.— wh. 8,079, fr. col. 30, si. 5,1S7— total 13,296. Cap- ital: Covington. Puhlic Works: Georgia U. E. Newton county. Miss. Situate E. middle, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by head branclu?s of Chickasawha r., and branches of Tuscalameta cr. Surface even ; soil fer- lile, and generally productive; it is well adapted to cotton, which is the staple. Farms 8.10 : manuf. ; dwell. 586, and pop.— wli. 8,432, fr. col. 1, si. 1,0.32— totil 4,465. CapiUil : Dec'atur. PnUic Wori:^ ; Mobile and Ohio R. E. ; Alabama and Mississippi R. R. Newton county, Mo. Situate 8. "W., and contains 689 060 ; sq. ra. Drained by Neh-h;di r. and other streams, all trib- \ utariesof Neosho r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to gr:un. There is much good timber on the laud. Farms 293; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 053, and pop.— wh. 4,013, fr. col. 14, 8l. 241— total 4,268. Capital: Neosho. Newton county, Tex. Situate E., and contains 1,196 sq. m. Drained by branches of Sabine r., which forma its E. boundary. Surrace varied, in the N. being hilly, but in the S. undulating; the land, in general, is thickly wooded. Soil a black mold, with saud intermixed, and generally fer- ■tile, producing good crops of cotton, sugar, corn, wheat, etc II has some fine timber land, and contains many streams, of pure water. PetriJled trunks of trees are found in the northern part, which are so hard that they are used in many eases as flints. Farms 111 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 219, ajid pop. — wh. 1,255. fr. col. 8, si. 426— total 1,GS9. Capital : Burk&- Tille. Newton, p. v., and cap. Dale co., Ala. : on S. side of Choctawhatchee r., S4 m. E. S. E. Montgomery; conlaina the court-house and several stores. Newton, p. v., and cap. Baker co., Ga, : on W. side of Flint r., 143 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville; contains the court- house and several stores. Newton. p.M., and cap. Jasper co., Itl.: on S. "W. side of Embarras r., 94 m. S. E. Springfield. It contains the court-house and several stores, and is the central business r. of the county. Pop. 1,134. Newton, t, p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 9 m-W, Boston. X>rained by Charles r. and affluents; surface va- ried ; soil fertile and highly cultivated. Charles r. bounds the t on the N.W. and S., having two falls, at each of which is a V. containing manufactories. At the Upper Falls the r. descends 35 feet in half a mile. At the Loyer Falls the v. lies partly in the t of Needham. The Boston and Worces- ter R. R. passes through, it The Newton Theological Sem- inary (Bapt.) was founded in 1S25 ; the biulding — at Newton Centre — is a brick edifice, 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 3 stories high. Pop. 5,258. Newton, t and p. o., Calhoun co., Mieh.: 45 m. 8. W. Lansing. Drained by branch of St Joseph's river. Pop- ulation 5G9. Newton, p. t., and oap. Jasper co., la. : 79 m. W. Iowa City, is a beautiful and flourishing town, on a prairie bfr twecn the branches of Skunk river. Ne^vton, t, p. o., and sta., Rockingham co., 2T. Hamp.T 34 m. S. E. Concord. The Boston and Maine K. E. passes through the t 41 m. from Boston. Pop. 5S5. Newton, t, p. v., and cap. Sussex co., A^. Jer. : 55 ra. N. Trenton. Surface of t diversified ; drained by the Faulin's- kill. The V, is well situated and laid out, and contains, be- sides the court-house and jail, several churches and schools. Two newspaper? are published weekly : " Sussex Register" (whig'), and " New Jersey Herald" (dem.) There is 1 bank, capital $134,480. Pop. of t 3,279. Newton, p. v., and cap. Catawba CO., iK Car.: neaf South Catawba r., 138 m. W. Raleigh. Newton, t. and p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 48 m. E. by S. Columbus. Surface of t undulating ; soil good ; well watered by numerous creeks of Muskingum river. Pop. 2,3.')6. Newton Centre, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : T m. "W. Boston, on the Boston and "Worcester E. E. This v. con- tains the Newton Theological Seminary, the mansion-house for the students, and dwellings of the professors, besides many pleasant residences. Newton Corners, p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise: 32 m. R Madison. Ni:wT0N Factoet, p. o., Newton co., Ga. : 69 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Newtun Falls, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 1^2 m. N. E. Columbus, on Penns;lvania and Ohio Canal, at junction of the two branches of Mahoning river, which afford extensive water-power to several mills and factories. NEW NEW Newton' Geove, p. o., Sampson co., y. Cay*. : 54 m. 8. S. E. Kaleigh. Newton Lower Falls, p. v. and sta., Middlesex county, Mass.: on Charles r., 11 m. W. Boston. A branch of the Boston and "Worcester R. K. extends to the village. Newton Stewart, p. o., Orange CO., /«y the Potatuck and other creeks of Housalonic r., and contains several factories, mills, and churches. The borough is beautifully situated on high ground. Fop. of t. 3,^S. Newtown, p. v., Fountain co., Ind. : on Coal or., 60 ra. W. N. W. Itidianapnii.'*. NBWT4 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. New Tripoli, p. v., Lehigh co., Perui. : on a branch of Maiden cr., 64 ro. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. New Utrecut, l. and p. o.. King's county, Al 1'. : 6 m. S. Brooklyn, 140 m. S. Albany; is a fiishinnable resort dm'ing the summer months. Pop. 2,129. New Vernon, p. v., Morris co., X. Ji:r, : 40 m. N. N. E. Trenton. New Vernon, p. o., Orange co., 2^. Y. : 92 ra. S. S. W Albany. New Vernon, p. o., Mercer co., Peim. : 196 ra. W. N. W Harrisburg. New Vienna, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 50 m. S. W. Columbus. New Vienna, p. v., Dubuque co., Ja. : 62 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. Nbw Village, p. v., Warren county, 2^^. J^r. : 41 m. N. "W. by N. Trenton. New Village, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y. : 100 m. S. S. E. Albany. Nkwville, p. v., De Kalb county, ]iid. : 103 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Newville, p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 76 m. N. W. by W, Albany. Nbwttlle. p. v., Richland co., Ohio: 54 m. N. E. by N. Columbus, on N. bank of Clear Fork r., which affords water-power to several mills .ind factories. Newville, p. b. and sta., Cumberland co., Penn. : on S. side of Conedogwinit cr., 27 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley R. R. passes through the b., 34 m. from Harrisburg. Newville, p. v., Sussex county, Virg. : 40 ra. S. S. E. Richmond. Nbw Vine, p. v., Dubuque co., la. : on E. side of Fall r., 63 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. New Vineyard, t. and p. o., Franklin co.. 3ft'. : 88 m. N. N. W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Seven Mile brook. Pop. 635. New Wakefield, p. v., "Washington co., Ahi.: 124 m. S. "W. Montgomery. New "Washington, p. v., Clark co., Ind. : on E. side of Fourteen Mile cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. New "Washington, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : on "W. side of W. branch of Susquehanna ri\er, at the junction of Cash r., 107 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. New Washington, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 56 m. N Columbus. New Westville, p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 90 in. W. by 3. Columbus. New "WniTEUALL, Lehigh co., Penn.: the location of a blast furnace, 7U m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. New Wilmington, t. and p. o., Lawrence co., Ptnn. : on a branch of Neshanock cr., 187 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. New Wincuestee, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : 27 m. "W. Indianapolis. New Winchestek, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio: on E. side of W. branch of Whetstone r., 51 m. N. Columbus. New Windsor, p. v., Carroll co., M'L: 6 m. S. W. Westr minster, 50 m. N. "W. Annapolis. New "Woodstock, p. v., Mait by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, ami the Niagara River. Exclusive of Long Island, it is about 40S miles long, but including that island, about 4S0 miles, and its breadth from iiortli to south is about 310 miles— the whole including a BUp>rflcial area of 46.0S5 square miles. The Hudson and Mohawk rivers naturally divide Uie State into three neographical sections of unequal size. The first, 3G 561 NEW YORK. or eastern acction, comprisL-s L'»nf; Island, Slaton I.-^Ianci, and that portion of the State lying east of the Hudson lliver and Lake Gecprgii ; the setjimd, or n')r[hern section, embraces all the country lying north of the Mohawk and Oswego rivers ; and tha.M'/- the Atlantic, which it meets at the Narrows below New York. It is navigable for the largest class of river steamers for the greater part of the year to Troy, 160 miles from its mouth, and the largest merchautmen may safely pass up as far as Hudson City. The principal branches of the Hudson are the Mohawk, on the west, and the Iluosic, on the east. The Mohawk rises in Oneida and Lewis counties, and at first pursues a southerly course, then changing east and south-east it forms tiie valley of the Molia\\k, and after passing over the Little Falls and the falls at Cohoos, enters the Hudson by several mouths between Troy and Waterford. Tlie scenery around the falls is beautiful, but these are destitute of that grand^-ur which inspires the mind on beholding the great falls of Niagara. The length of the river is about 135 milt-s, and in its course it passes through liome, Utica, and Schenectady. The Ilnosic River rises in Massachusetts, and, tliough a com- paratively small stream, is very useful for local purposes. The Crotou Uiver. anotlier tributary, is famous a" '.ne source of the great supply of water it fiu-nislies to the Ciiy of New York. The other tributaries are — from the east, Schroon branch, the outlet of Schroon Lake, Battcnkill, and Kinderhook, aud— from the wl-sI. WallkiU, Kondout, Esopus, KaaterskilL. and Sacandaga, besides several smaller streams. The river St Lawrence forms, in part, the northern boundary of the State, and is tlic outlet of the great northern lakes. It conveys to the ocean a larger volume of water than any other river of (he world, except flie Amazon. It is navigable for sloops to Ogdensburg, GO miles from Luke Ontario, but below this point its navigation is difficult and dangerous, on account of the frequent rapids by which it is Interrupted. The Lake of the Thousaml Islands, the name of which implies siifEcienlly its character, is an expansion of the St Lawrence. The group of islands that studs its surface, however, is said to number about 1.500, some of which belong to this State. The next imporUint river of New York is the Oswego, which is about 120 miles in length. Under the name of Mud Creek it has its rise in Ontario County, and flowing eastwardly, it , receives through the Canandaigua outlet the waters of the lake of the same name; proceeding eastwardly undL-r the name of Clyde, it receives the waters of Seneca and Cayuga, lakes, through their common outlet, and thence assumes the name nf Seneca; after a still further enlargement by the waters of Onondaga Lake, it takes the title of Oswego lliver, and sud- •!rnly cuH'ing toward the north-west, collects from the Oneida Kiver its tribute of the waters of Lake Oneida. It has a fall r about 100 feet after assuming its proper name, and famishes, by iU constant supply of water, valuable mill privileges. Seven thousand square miles of territory are drained by its course, and by means of the Oj.wego Canal and locks, it is na\i- _:ible through its whole length. The Alleghany, a constituent of the Ohio, rises in Alleghany County, and is navigated by :>mali steamers to Olcan. The Susquehanna au'i Delaware both have their sources in tiiis State, and in their first courses afrwer. The other principal rivers are the Niagara, the Genesee, the Black, the Chenango, the Chemung, the Oswegatchie, etc. The Niagara, which is the connecting link between lakes Erie and Ontario, forms the celebrated falls of the ."iamc name. The Genesee, distinguished for its valuable mill-sites, is used as a feeder to the Geneaee Valley Canal. It is navigable almost to Rochester, and is 140 miles long, emptying into Lake Ontario. TIio Black River, one of the largest of the Slate, also falls into that lake ; it is 120 miles in length, and is navigable 40 miles from its mouth. The Chenango and Chemung are important tributaries of the Susquehanna, and the Oswegatchie is the principal tributary of the St Lfiwptice. Other stn-ams flowing into the St Lawrt-nce are Indian, Grasse, Racket, St Regis, Salmon, etc. The Chazy and Saraiiac are the principal streams flowing into Lake Champlain. The falls and cascades of the rivers of this Slate being among its most distingviishing features, may with propriety be enlarged upon in this connection. The great falls of Niagara are described in a fiiriner page. Those of the rivers wholly witliin New York are as follows: the Falls of the Genesee, at Rochester, which have a descent of 9G feet; those Of Fall Crtek, in the to\nisliip of Ithaca, whicli descend 43^i feet in the space of one mile, forming several catiracts, at one of which the whole sheet of water is jwured over a rock IIG feet high, and the banks above have an elevation of 100 feet; the Falls nf the Mohawk, at Cohoes, where the water is precipitated over a broken rock (12 feet high, the banks of the river f-.rtiiMi- precipitous walls 140 feet above the stream, and Little Falls, some miles above, where the river passes 5C3 NEW YORK. througli a fissure in the rocks, which rise on each side 500 feet above its surface. Trenton Falls, on "West Canada Creek, a tributai-y of the Mohawk, are much admired fur their picturesque scenery ; for the distance of several miles there is a succession of rapids and cataracts, and the bed of the river is frequently narrowed by rocky precipices, and overhung with trees, while its banks in some places rise perpendicularly to the height of 140 feet. At Glenn's Falls, IS miles from Saratoga, the Hudson flows over a ledge of rocks into a dcej) basin below, with a descent of 70 feet Nuinenms minor falls exist in variuus rivers, especially in the northern part of the State, and furnish in many instances motive power of immensa importance to the matmfacturiug interests of the State. , The sea-coast of New York is nearly all comprised in the shores of Long Island, which conta,in a few harbors and inlet*, but none that are much frequented by shipping. The bay and harbor of New York is the great dep6t of the commerce of the State, and the most magnificent harbor-water on the Atlantic sea-board. Easily accessible, perfectly 8afe,capai.-ii)us enough for the navies of the wlir>lc world, and never obstructed by ^ce, it has advantages possessed by no otlier port. Its boundaries toward the sea are Long Island and Staten Island, between which it connects with the Atlantic by the Nar- rows, an outlet formed by projections from each shore. It extends 9 miles below the city, and is from 2 to 5 miles broad, containing several islands, which are fortified in the strongest possible manner, as are also both sides of its entrance at the Narrows. The Hudson enters the Bay from the north ; the East Kiver, or channel between New York and Long Island, communicating with Long Island Sound on the east, and the Kills, a strait between Staten Island and tlie Jersey shore, on the west. At low water the entrance by the Narrows is somewhat difficult for large ships, and the entrance from the Sound is obstructed by a rocky strait, called Ilell Gate, a name corrupted from *' Horll Gatt," the iJutch for whirlpool. In 1853, however, a great portion of the dangerous rocks of this channel were blasted away, and vessels of large size may now pass without much danger. Thwe are several harbors on Lake Ontario, the most noted of which is Sackett'a Harbor, toward the cast end of the lake ; it is deep and safe, and was an important naval station dm-ing the war of 1S12. The harbors of Buffalo and Dunkirk on Lake Erie are also important commercial Btations, being the terminus of the two great lines of railroad between the Hud- eon and the lakes. The harbors of Lake Champlain are much used by Canadian traders, and those of Burlington and Plattsburg are fast rising into importance. Long Island is the largest appendage to this State. It projects into the Atlantic opposite the southern shore of Connec- ticut, & distance of 140 miles. Its average breadth is 10 miles, and its greatest breadth about twenty miles. The sliape is that of a great whale, and a rocky ridge, callwl thcSpine, extends lengthwise nearly through it, and at the western end forms the heights of Brooklyn. South of the ridge the land is level and sandy — on the north it is more uneven. The island abounds with wild fowl and game, and its waters with fish in great variety, which furnish the markets of the City of New York and other places plentifully. In the western section are some fine orchards and market gardens. Staten Island, at the mouth of New York harbor, is separated from Long Island by the Bay and Narrows. It is 15 miles long, and 8 miles broad. Manhattan, or New York Island, which is occupied by the city of the latter name, is 13 miles long, with an average breadth of one mile and a half. The small islands iu the bay are Governor's Island, on which stand Fort Columbus, the principal strong-hold ; Castle William overlooking the confluences of the Hudson and East rivers, and South Battery overlooking the entrance by the Narrows; Bedloe's Island, on which stands Fort Wood, and is now used as the chief recruiting dep6t of the United States army ; and Ellis' Island, on which is a naval magazine and some fortifica- tion.s. The defenses at the entrance of New York Bay are Fort Hamilton and Fort Diamond, on the north shore of the Narrows, the latter an insulated castle, and Fort Ilichmond on the south shore. The climate of New York can not be described in general terms. Each locality has its own peculiarities. The mean average temperature of the whole State is 46° 49' Fahr. The mean maximum 92° the mean minimum 12^ below zero, and the mean annual range 104°. These data furnish a standard of comparison. The southern section of the val- ley of the Hudson, and the whole (»f Long Island, are the most equable portions of the State— the greatest heat is about 2^ less, and the greatest cold from 10° to 13° less than the average — the spring is somewhat backward, but the harvest com- mences earlier than in the interior, and the first frosts happen at a much later period in the fall season. In the rivor counties, above the Highlands, the seasons are more extreme, both summer and winter being beyond the average, aud the spring is from 10 to 15 da>s later at Albany than at New York. The Mohawk Valley has a climate which docs not vary greatly from the mean average ; north and east of the Mohawk the region is characterized by a low, average temperature, backward seasons, and early frosts. The moan t^'mperature Is at least 2° below the assumed standard. The region south of the Mohawk, extending to the smaller lakes, has a mean temperature 1^ or 2° below the given average, yet the cold is not so intense, nor do the frosts occur so early as in the regions on the north side of the valley. The lake region assimilates the climate of Long Island, and the mean temperature docs not vary muili from the average, but the range is about S^ less, indicating greater uniformity. The average lime throughout the Slate, from the blooming of the apple-tree to the first killing frost, is 174 days — oq the west end of Long Island it is 12 or 13 days more, and in the SU Lawrence district 23 or 23 days less. The prevailing winds are from the south-west. On the sea-board, easterly winds almost invariably bring rain, while westerly winds are sure precursors of fine, dry weather, and in winter of continued frosts. The quantity of rain that falls during the year may average for the State 49 inches. From these data it will be perceived that the climate is everywhere one of great extremes, and although in the same latitudes which in Europe produce the fig and the olive, its severer character admits only of the culture of the hardier plants and grains. Though subject to sudden and severe changes, the State as a whole is extremely healthy, and if the mortality of the larger cities be omitted, the ratio of deaths is not greater than in the best climates of Euroi)e. In the eastern counties consumption and other diseases of the respiratory organs are the prevailing m.-iladies, while iu the western counties bilious aftections predominate. In the large cities, during summer and f;dl, cholera infantum is the most common and fatal disease ; about one half of the deaths during the year occur in children under five years of age, a mortality which must be attrib- uted to other causes than climate, and in chief to badly conslruoted dwellings and to badly regulated diet. The geological structure of New York has been scientifically examined under the authority of the Legislature, as also Us botany and animal kingdom. The secondary formations of geolcigisL'^, as well as the upper formations of the transition system, have no existence in this State, and in most parts the tertiary system is wanting. The existence of small beds of eolite in Saratoga County, and a somewhat doubtAd era of red sandstone in Kockland County can scarcely be considered as exceptions to this statement in regard to the transition system. Coal is not noted in the subjoined table. All the formations of New York, except the alluvial and diluvial deposits, and the beds of tertiary on the St. Lawrence, are below the coal measures, the Kailtsbergs, which arc the highest members cf the transition system being the layer immediately beneath. It ia true that there arc layers of anthracite a few inches in 5ei NEW YORK:. thickness, and extending: over a small surface between the strata of rocks of an earlier date in various parts, buticoal does not exist in quantities sufficient to be of any practical value. The prevalence of limestone in nearly all the formations is worthy ot notice, aflbrdini;, as it does, the basis rock best adapted to yield tiie materials for fertilizing: the soil. The following: table exhibits the geological formations of the State, as arranged by the State geologists. Captions III., IV., and V. are comprised under the general head of the transition system of geologists: TiBULAP. VIEW OF THE ROCKS OF KEW YORK, IN SYSTE.MS, GROUPS, AND FORMATIONS. System I. Alluvial II. DiLUVTAL III. Old K ED Sandstone... IV. New York Transition. V. TACHKAxrc, or Taconic. VI. Gneiss, or primary. Vir. SUPEBINCTTMBENT ROCKS VIII. UnSTRATIFIED ROCKS. . Groups. Alluvial Diltcvial Old red sandstone, or Kaats- berg Eric. Ildderberg Ontar 0ia7nplam. Boulders, etc. ; clay and sands. Conglomerate; old red sandstone. Chemung sanilstoncs and flagstones; Ludlow^'ille shales. Helderberg limestone ; Schoharie grit ; brown argillaceous sandstone ; encrinal limestone ; Oriskany limestone ; greeo shaly limestone ; pentamerus limestone. Onondaga salt and gypseous rocks; limestone and grcon shales; argillaceous iron ore; Medina sandstone, soft green, and variegated. Grey sandstone and conglomerate ; Lorraine shales and roofing-slate ; Utiea slate ; Trenton limestone ; bird's-eyo limestone; Chazy limestone; calciferous saud-rock ; Pots- dam sandstone. Light green shales, sometimes brown and plumbaginous; grey and clouded limestone ; brown sandstone. Gneiss, hornhlende, and mica slate; talcose slate and steatite. Greenstone, trap, and porphyry. Granite, hypersthenc rocks; primary limestone ; serpenltue; magnetic iron ore. There are two tracts of primary and unslratificd rocks ; iha first is nearly circular in form, and occupies the counties of Kssex, Warren, and Hamilton, and parts of the adjoining counties ; and the second is in the south-east, of a somewhat triangular form, and comprises Putnam and Westchester, with the larger part of New York, and part of liockland. Orange, and Duchess counties. These two sections, together, occupy nearly one-third part of the State. They contain extensive iron mines, and mines of lead and plumbago. Tlieir surface is generally broken and elevated— in the Adiron- dack group towering up to the height of a mile above tide-water, ,^nd attaining in the beetling cliffs which overlook the waters of llie Hudson a considerable though less lolly altitude. The soil is I.'ss arable and fertile than in the lands of liinrslone formation, but is naturally covered with a gigantic growth of oak. pine, and hemlock. The gneiss of this sys- tem furiiiihes a fine building material, and under the name of granite is abundantly quarried. The serpentine, primitive Hmesdvie and steatite are also largely produced for the purposes of the arl.s. These rocks abound in minerals, as garnet, biryl, chrj'soberyl, pyroxene, sjjhene, tourmaline, apatite, colophonitc, scapoiite, labradorite, epodite, etc. The Taconic system is composed of brown sandstone, gray limestone, green shales, etc., and contains some minerals. It furnishes fine limestone for building, but hnn few or no fossils. The overlaying soil is often highly fertile. Its range comprises the whole of Washington, Ucnsselaer, and Columbia, part of Duchess, Ulster. Greene, AJbany. and Saratoga, and trending westward occupies a narrow tract in Schenectady, Montgomery, Herkimer, and Oneida, and expands more "Widely in Oswego and -Tcfferson counties. The New York system comprises four distinct groups. The constituents of the Champlain group are various kinds of sandstone and limestone, slale, conglomerate, and a peculiar stone, comjjosited of lime and sand, and hence called cal- ciferous (lime-bearing) sand-rock. Of these, the Potsdam sandstone furnishes a beautiful and durable building niaJerial ; the Trenton and birds-eye limestone are used in the arts ; Lorraine shales and Utiea slate are employed for roofini: ; while the gray sandstones and conglomerates furnish stone suitable for grind-stones. The rocks of this group abound in fossils of the earlier periods — encrinitcs, trilobites, and numerous others, unlike any of the Crustacea now in existence. The soil throughout the territory occupied by this group is generally good, and mudi of it highly fertile, being constantly en- riched by the decomposing limestone, etc. The group occupies a very considerable but irregular territory : it appears occ^isionally in small beds, then dips, and again appears as a surface rock. In the form of Potsdam sandstone, etc.. it bounds the great primary region of the north-east in every direction, varying in width from two to fifty miles, and also apiJiars in narrow beds on both sides of the Hudson River, i The Ontario group consists of three distinct portions. The lowest, a marly sandstone, decomposing rapidly when exposed, is called Medina san^lstone ; next a series of soft, green, slaty rocks, also easily decomposed, and overlaid by clayey and fliiity limestone, alternating with each other, and finally terminating on the limestone over which the Niagara pours its cataract; and, lastly, a group of limestones containing gypsum, hym[deles what for convenience has been termed the Kew York transition system. The remaining group properly belongs to the transition system of tl>e English geologists, and is by Ihem denominated old red sandstone, that rock being its principal constituent. It is predominant in the Kaiittsberg, and hence the Stale geologists have given H the name of thai locality. It consists of old red sandstone, overlying the Chemung sandstone, and of conglomerate, which is immediately beneath the coal-bearing limestone of Pennsylvania. The sandstone imparts its red hue to the soil that covers it. It contains comparatively few fossils — the scales and bones of some lizard-liko fish have been discovered in it Bog- iron ore and calcareous spar are the only minerals of consequence found in this formation, Tlic conglomerate affords fine grind-stones, and has been used to some extent for mill-stones. The overI>iDg soil is good. Ilemlock, beech, maple, elm, basswood, butternut, etc., are the principal trees — oak seldom occurs. This series is chiefiy local, and occupies only the south-western counties in th3 neighborhood of the Kaatsbergs. The diluvial regions are chiefiy in the neighborhood of the St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and the Hudson, and com- pose the surface of Ihe northern half of Long Island. They consist of a stiff, bine clay beneath, a yellowish-brown clay above this, and sand on the surface. The marine shells found iti these clays, belong in some instances to extinct specieu. To this system belong also the boulders scattered so widtdy over the State. The alluvial deposits, consisting of gravel, sand, loam, etc., thrown up by the waters, and deposited on the lake shores and river banks, and still in process of aggregation, constitute the last of the geological formations. To these belong portiom of the valleys of the rivers and lakes, and the southern half of Long Island. The soil of both the diluvial and alluviaf deposits is mainly fertile. Trap and porphyry do not in this Stale constitute a separate formation. They occur either in columnar masses, like the Palisades, or in narrow dykes traversing rocks of an entirely different constitution, and Iheir position is evidently the result of the action of subterranean fire. Porphyry is only found occupying a tract of a few miles in length on Lake Champlain. In connection with the geology of Iho State, the " ridge road'' is worthy of more extended notice. This road consists of a bank of sand, gravel, etc., vfir}-ing in height from 100 to 150 feet, and extending along the whole soutliern coast of Lake OnLnrio at a distance of six or eight miles frrnn it. forming a natural highway. It is said that a somewhat similar ridge exists along the northern shore of the lake. That this ridge once, and at no distant period, formed its shore, is proved by the existence of small sand hillocks, evidently heapoopoda, branchiopoda, and ostrapoda, but few specimens are found, and those few are known only to tlie curious zoologist. Molluscous animals are very numerou.s. Among the cephalopoda are the cullle fish, spirula, etc. The clio is a repre- sentative of the pteropoda. The gastero])oda include a vast variety of snails and animals inhabiting turbinated shells. Oysters, clams, etc., which are arrayed under eight sub-divisions, consist each of several species. Members of the orders cirrhopoda and tuuicata are not very numerous. Geologists have discovered many specimens of foisgil moUusca imbedded in the limestone and sandstone formations — the most remarkable of these are various species of the trilobite, the enerinite, the pentamerus, etc. No full account of the insects of New York has yet been published, but these are very numerous, and many of them of rare and beautiful appearance. The coleoptera, or beetle tribe, alone numbers some 1,200 varieties, and many of these have brilliant colors, and are of great magnitude. The orthoptcra, or roach tribe, includes the the cockroacli, cricket, grasshopix-r, etc, everywhere as plentiful as need be for comfort. The kalydid, so well known by the peculiar shrill sound it produces, belongs to this order. The homoptera include a large variety of locusts, among which there is ono remarkable for remaining 17 years in the grub state. The htemnptora comprise many bugs injurious to vegetation, particularly the May bug, the lady-bug, the apple-tree blight, etc Tlie order of lepidoptera probably numbers not less than l,ODi.i species, and includes butterflies and moths, the size and brilliant colors of many being astonishing. Spiders, which range under the order aracbnidce, number 200 species, some of which are very large, and possessed of great beauty. The long-legs, the clawed-spider, the lick, the mite, the louse, etc., also belong to this order. The vermes, or worm family, and the animalculaj of the State, have not been seientiflcaily examined, but their species are as abundant and prolific as most per5'>ns could desire. One drop of " pure Croton," which is so extolled by the citizens of New York, is said lo contain myriads of organized beings ranging under these heads. Let us now take a view of man. The aboriginal inhabitants, formerly a great and numerous people, are now sleeping with their fathers, or pursuing their pleanires in the spirit-land of their creed. A small remnant, however, is still left in the Western counties of the State, but this seems lo be a mere wreck of former days. The present inhabitants are of Eiu-opean origin, and vastly diversified in their races and tongues. The English in their descendants predominate, and perhaps the Irish, Dutch, and German, are next in numerical proportion. The early enumerations are not sufBciently exact to make them of any account. In 1701, the population is stated to have been about 30,000 ; in 1731, 50,000 ; and in 1750, 100,000. The census of 1771 exhibited the total population at 1G3,33S. The enumerations since taken under the authority of the United Stales at decennial periods, commencing 1790, exhibit more accurate returns, and furnish the following results : Colored Persons. Census ^\^lite , -> — Years. Persons. Free. Slave. 1790 814,142 4,654. . . .21,324. . ISOO 556,039 10,374 SO-.-iW. . 1810 919,699 25,-333 15,017. 1S20 1,330,744 31.980 10,088. , 1S30 1,S6S,061 44,870 1840 2,37S,S90 50,027 , 1850 3,049,181 47,914 Total Population. Decern I Increase, u merical. Per cent. Total. ..25,978 340,120 — — ..30,717 6S6,756 W6,636 72.5 ..40,350 959.049 872.293 G3.4 . .42,063 1,372,812 413,763 4.3.1 75 44,945 1.913,006 540.194 82.0 4 50,031 2,428,921 515.915 26.9 — 47,914 3,097,394 668,473 27.5 New York is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, m 1850, were as follows ; Northern New York — 45 counties. Counties. Dwelt. . 12,747. . . 0.96S.. , 5,651.. Albany Alleghany .. Broome .... Cattar.au gus, Cayuga Chautauque Chemung... Chenango . . Clinton Cortland — Delaware... Erie , Essex Franklin . Fulton... Genesee . Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson , I^wis Livingston. . Madison Monroe 15,027. G6S "^"P- in cull. E.tab. C.pitala. 93,279.. 2,903. ,893. .Albany 3T,80S. .8jlT3. .291. .Angelica 80,660. .2,497. .229. .Binghamplon 6,".i0. . 83,960. .8,655. .299. .Ellicoteville 9,259. . 55,453. .4,228. .60S. . A\lbum 9,074. . 50,493. .5,163. .510. .Mayville 5,095. . 2S,S21. .2.170. .321. .Elmira 7,572. . 40,311. .4,406. .561. .Norwich 40,047.. 2,095 . 6,713. . 4,5S0. . 7,105. , 17,104. . 5.321. . 4.2:!3. .461. Plaltsburar 25,140. .2,465. .203. .Cortland Village .59.834. .4,747.. 433.. Delhi 100,993. .4,830. .CSS. .Buffalo 81,143. .1,872. .199. .Elizabethtown 25.102.. 1,647.. 129.. Malone 8,7.30. . 20,171. .1,861. .233. ..Johnstown 5,014. . 28,43S. .2,.">74. .199. .Batavia 2,1SS.. 261.. 17..Morehouseville 88,244. .2,723. .277. .Herkimer 03,1.53. .5,490. ,630. .'Watcrtown 24.564.. 2,374. . 67. .Martinsburg 40.875. .2,503. .363. .Goncseo 43,072. .8,845. .404, .Morrisvllle 87,650. .4,113. .626. .Rochester . 407. . 6,664. . 11,920. . 4,624. 7,172. 8,193. Cuuiities. Montgomery Ni.agara .... Oneida nond.aga . . Ontario 7,808 Orleans 6,273 Oswego Otsego Pwell , 5,85S. 7,4:35. ,10,751. 15..335. r..p. ,81,992, 42.276. Fnrms inciilt. .1,833.. .8,148.. 267.. Fonda 8.3C..Lockp«rt 4.3,929.. .3,053. 2S,.501.. 2,271. 11,064. .62,198.. 4,497. 9,087.. 48,6:)8.. 4,764. 73,363.. 2,930. Kensselacr ...10,972 Sar.qtnga 7,894, Sih.Tieetady . 8,195, Schuharie .. . . 5.878. .38,548. .2,4-39. . Seneca 4,541. .25,441. .1,555. . St. Lawrence. 11,704. .63,617.. 6,124.. Steuben 11,210. .03,771. .5,797.. Tioga 4,442. .24,S80. .2,026. . Tompkins ... 7,103.. 83,746.. 3,198.. Warren 2,976. .17,199. .1,505.. Washington. . 8,04:3. .44,7.50. .3,037. . WajTie 8,074. .44,953. ,8.967. . Wyoming,... 8.91S, ..31,931,. 8,300. . Yates 3,784. .20,590. .1,673. . 99,566 .. 6,293 . . 952 .. Rome 95,890. .4.595. .1,410. .Syracuse 205. .Canandaigua 2S3.. Albion 640.. Oswego 330 . . CooperstowQ 639.. Troy 45,6t6. .8,465. . 849. .Ballston 20,054. .1,040.. 107.. Schenectady 243.. Schoharie 240.. Waterloo 456., Canton 676,, Bath 354.,Owego 484.. Ithaca 128.. Caldwell 270.. Sandy HUI 2.50.. Lyons 299,. Warsaw 165..PcnnYaii NEW YORK. Southern New York— 14 eounties. Counties, Pwell. Pop. F.irm3 in cult. SI '^Tit^u. Ciiunties. Divell. Pop. Farms nic.iU. Man.i Kstab Cnpiiale. Columbia . . 7,029. 43,073. .2,.5n. 20S.. Hudson Queen-s 6,230. 86,833. .2,.303. 89. • N. Hempstead Dufhess .. . 9,563. . 58,992. .3.20S. . 415. .Pouffhkeepsie Eiehinond . 2,3:}4. 16,061. . 212. .37. Uiehui'iutl Greene . 5,74S. . 33,126. .2,072. 43.3..Calskill Rockhind . . 8,ljn. 16,963. . 683. 144. .('larkflown Kings .... .15,8119. .13S,SS2. . 303. 570.. Brooklyn Sutlblk .... 6,745. 30,922. .2,333. 90. .Siiiiuik Kew York . .37.07". .515.547. . lOS. 3,305.. New York Sullivan ... 4,856. 25,088 . .1,SS9. 860. ..Montieello Oranije . 9.6S6. . 57,145. .3,420. 357.. Goshen Ul.«ler 9.7.35. 59.384. .3,539. 441. . K iui.'.-'lon Pulnitiu . . . 2,425. . 14,1 3S. . 989. . S9..Carmel Westchester 8,754. 68,263. .2,587. 396. .BedlorJ Till" whole number of f», and of intiabitnnta 8,097,:i94. viz., whiles 3,049,457— males 1,^45,052, and feinnles l.r>ri4.405; fr. ool, 47.();57— maU-a 2-2,y7S, and f/hi>l—'wh. 1,J'21. fr. col. 51— total 1,27-2 ; iiLUi/ie—v^h. 2.544, fr.col. 3t)— toUiI 2,5S0; and i^fivt/c—wh. 1.721, fr.coL 1§— total 1,739. The number of rreepiTsona born in the Tnited States was 2.439,296 ; the number of foreign birth, 651,Sul ; autl of birth unknown. G,261. The native population originated as follows: Maine 4,509, N. Hamp. 15,519, Verm. 52,599, Mass. 55.773, R. I. 13,129, f'onn. GG,101, Neio York 2,151,196, N. Jer. 35.319. Penn. 26.252, Del. S99, Md. 39,533, Dist, of Col. 53S, Virg. 3.347. N. C;ir. ()73. S. Car. 935, Ga. 510, Klor. 135, Ala. 1^, Miss. HU, La. 563, Tex. 46. Ark. 20, Tenn. 116, Ky. 3G9, Ohio 3,74:^, Mieh. 1,921. Iiid. 415, LI. 605, Mo. 173, la. 70, "Wise. 360, Calif. 7, Territories 53. The foreigyi populatinn was composed of persons from- En- gland S4,S20, Ireland 34-3,111. Scotland 23,418. Wales ~,5S2. Germany 11S,39.=:. France 12,515, Spain 461, IV.rlugal 194, Belgium 401, Holland 2.917, Turkey 12, Italy s:J3,^ustria US; Switzerland 1,S50, Russia 617, Di-nmark 429, Norway 392, Sweden 753. Prussia 2.211, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 34, Asia 66, Africa SO, British America 47,200, Mexico S3, Central America 29. S. America 179, "West Indies 1,06T, Sandwich Islands 40, and other countries 1,941. The statistics of the industry and institutions of the Slate, according to the returns of 1S50, are as follows: Occupml Lands, f^'.— Imjiroved farm lands, 13,408,968 acres, and unimproverl lands alfarhed, 6,7ln.l2ii acres- rained in cash at $554,546,642. Total number of farms under cultivation 1st June, 1850, 170,621— in the northern district, 143,749, and in the southern district, 26,872. Value of farming implements and machinery, $22,084,926. Live-Stock. —The number of live-stock or domestic animals at the two periods 1S40 and 1850, was as follows : TIeBcrJption. Horses ■ ), 474,543 head \ ^^'**^-' ^^^^ \ 26,566 head, or 5.6 per cent . f I 963 " ( Mules and Asses. . Milch Cows 1 ( 931,324 " \ Working Oxen M,9il,244 " I ]7\9o9 " V 33,605 " or 1.7 " Other Cattle ' t 767.406 " ) Sheep 5,ll!^,:7T " 3,453.241 « 1,665..5.36 " or 32.5 " Swine 1.900,005 " 1,018,522 " SSl,:4:3 " or 46.4 « —the live-stock of 18.50 was ralued in the aggregate at $73,570,499. Products ofAniiimU. — Wool, 10,071.301 pounds : butter, 79,766.094 pounds ; cheese, 49,741.413 pounds ; and the value Of animals slaughtered in the year ha^rbeeu $13,573,983. The wool crop, according to the returns of 1840. amounted to 9.^5.295 pounds : and hence the increase exhibited in 1850 was 226,006 pounds, or 2.3 per cent. The product, per fleece, in 1S40, was 1 lb. 14J oz. ; and in 1S50, 2 lb. 14i oz., or 52.1 per cent, increase. The butler produced is one-fuurth of the production of the United States; and the cheese produced one-half the whole. Grain 0'rt/>s.— Wheat, 13,121,495 busluds; rye, 4,148.1S2 bushels; Indian corn, 17,858,400 bushels; oats, 2C,.^52,814 bushels: barley, 3.585.059 bushels; buckwheat, 3,183.955 bushels. In proportion to the crop of the United States, that of wheiit is approximately ovp-i-ighth, that of rye one-fourth, that of Indian corn one tJiirt //•■•second, ihat of oals more than on^'ftixt/i, that of barley two-thirds^ au'i that of buckwheat one-third of the aggregate. The comparison of the several crops in 1840 and 1S50, as returned by the censuses of those years, was as follows : Crop. 1S40. ISoO. Irirreasc. Wheat 12.286,419 bush 13,121,498 bush S3o,0S0 bush, or 6.S per cent. Rye 2,979.323 " 4,148,182 '' 1,168.859 " or 39.2 Indian Com 10.972,286 " 17,858,400 " 6,886,1 14 " or 62.7 *' Oats 20.675.847 " 26,552,814 " 5,876,967 " or 28.4 " Barley 2,52o,';6S " 3,585,059 " 1,064.991 " or 42.2 " Buckwheat 2,2S7,8S5 " 3,183,955 " 1,896,070 " or S2.4 " Other Food (?roi)-9.— Peas and beans, 741 ,636 bushels ; and potatoes— Irish, 15,398,362 bushels, and sweet, 5.623 bushels. The j)oiato crop of 1S39, as exhibited in the census of 1S40, was 30,123,614 bushels, showing a decrease of 14,719,293 bushels, or 48.8 per cent, in the subsequent decade. Mi.^ct'Uanpoits O-o/w.- Tobacco, 83.1 S9 pounds; hay, 3,728,797 tons; clover-seed, 88.222 bushels; other grass-seed, 96,493 bushels ; hops, 2,536,299 pounds, being three-fourtlis of the aggregate crop of the Union ; heiini — dew-rolted, I ton, and water-rotted, 3 lons^flax, 940,577 pounds; flax-seed, 57,963 bushels; silk cocoons, 1,774 jxiunds; niajile sugar, 10,357.484 pounds; molasses, 56.529 gallons; beeswax and honey, 1,756,190 pounds; wine, 9.172 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products. $1,761,950, or nearly one-fourth the value of these products in the Xlriiled Sl.atos ; and of market- garden priMlucts, $912,047, or more than an eighth the aggregate. On comparing the above with the returns of 1840, the following results are obtained : t:r«,plc. IS^O. la^O. M..vement. Tobacco 744 lbs 83.189 lbs ivcr. 82.445 lbs., or 11,081.3 percent Hay 3,127.041 Ions 3,72^.797 Ions incr. 601,756 long, or 19.2 " Hops 447,250 lbs 2,536.299 lbs. incr, 2,089,049 lbs., or 4-12. Hemp — licw-rotted j j 1 ton , " water-rotted ., Flax ) ( 940..57ribs. Maple Sugar 10,048,109 lbs 10,357.484 lbs. inrr. 309.375 lbs., or 3.1 Wine 6,799 gals 9,172 gals iiicr. 2,373 gls., or 32,9 569 ) ( It'^" I , V l,130Stons-j 3tons > (738.292 ; hands employed, 6,674— males 4,262, and females 2,412 ; monthly cost of labor, $113,524— male $85,147, and female $28,377 ; average monthly wages— to males $21 46, and t^> females $11 41 ; cloth manufactured, 7,924,25*2 yards, and yarn, 261,700 pounds — in all valued at $7,030,004. Capital ia 1S40, $3,469,349; hands, 4,636; value of goods produced, $3,537,337. Capital invested in (annerie^, $5,025,143; value of all raw material used, $6,065,221; hands, 4,945— males 4,914, and females 31 ; monthly cost of labor, $103,464— male $41,245, and female $36S ; tanned— skins, 871,894, and sides, 3,415,724t- in all valued at $9,804,000. Capital in 1840, $3,907,348 ; hands employed, 5,579. In thu manufacture of 7nalt and spirituous liquors the capital invested is $2,585,900; quantities and kinds of grain, etc., consumed — barley 2,062,250 bushels, rye 9o9,067 bushels, oats 6,707 bushels, apples 60,940 bushels, molasses 24,500 hogsheads, and hops 5S1 tons ; hands employed, 1,380 ; quantity of liquors produced— ale, etc., 644,700 barrels, whisky and high wines 9,231,700 gallons, and rum 2,488,800 gallons. The statistics of the iroti manu/actures in operation within the State, at the date of the taking of the seventh census, were as exhibited in the annexed table: Values, products, etc. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrought Iron. TolaJ. Capital invested dollars... 605.000 4,622,482 1,131,300 6,:35S,7S2 Ore used tons 46,385 — 44,642 101,027 Pig u-on used " — 108,945 8,530 117.475 Old metal used " — 3,212 — 3,212 Mineral coal consumed " 20 22,755 13,908 36,633 Coke and charcoal consumed.... bushels... 3,000,074 181,190 5,554,150 S,735,4U Value of all raw material, etc. . . . dollars . . . 821,027 2,393,768 838,314 3,553,109 Hands employed number. . 505 5,925 1,037 7,46T Aver.nge monthly wages dollars. . . 26.80 27.49 26.00 — Products. tons 13.420 104,5SS 13,636 251,644 Value of products dollars. . . 415,600 5,921,930 1,423,963 7,761,543 —total capital in 1840, $2,103,413 ; hands, 8,456. Foi'elgn Commerce. — The imports from foreign countries in the yearendingSOth June, 1850, were valued at $111,123,524, and the exports at $52,712,789. Of the exports, $41,502,800 was the value of domesli£ produce, of whieh $33,934,409 represented the value of merchandise carried in American bottoms, and $7,563,391 that carried in foreign bottoms; and $11,209,939 was the value of foreign goods reexported, of which $7,056,687 in American bottoms, and $4,123,302 in foreign bottoms. Of the imports, $35,147,721 was the value of merchandise brought in American bottoms, and $22,975,303. that brought in foreign bottoms. The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry for the same year, exhibits the annexed aggregates : SnrPPtNG EMPLOYED IN TOE FOREIGN THADE, 1849-50. Entered. Cleared. Total. Nationality of Shipping. Vessels. T57,963 .... 1803 .5,606,058 .... 1809 12,581,662 .... 1810 17,242,.330 .... Coasttni;, Lake, and TnUrnal Trade.— 'So other Slate in the Union has such fltcilities for ex-terual and internal commerce as that enjoyed by the State of New York. Favorably located with regard to its seaward outlet, and its immense lakes and noble rivers, the first bounding it outwardly, and the latter penctntting to its very centre, it seems as if it had been designed by nature for the proud preijminonce to wliich it has attained. Thousands of vessels are constantly traversing its waters, carrying freight valued at millions of dollars, and furnishing to every part, facilities for the inter- ciiange of commodities. It is also preeminent in its grand works of internal improvement— its canals, railroads, plank- roads, and turnpikes, while the magnetic telegraph extends in every direction, an instantaneous comraniiicator of infurnia- tion between the several commercial centres. The canals of New York are features in its economy wliich distinguish it from other States— they extend from the waters of tho Hudson to Lake Erie, a distance of 364 miles, and have branches in every direction : to Lake Champlain, to Lake Ontario, and several to the south, and others, more local in their utility, aro formed in \arinu3 parts. The traffic on the Erie Canal is imivense, and this forms the great highway between tha Western States and the sea-board. The Delaware and Ihnison Canal is chiefly used for the transportation of coal froia Pennsylvania. The railroads have a prescn' length of nearly 2,500 miles, and others are constantly being opened; and with regard to plank-roads, which for many purposes are equal to the railroad, almost every trade centre is connocteil by them with the producing regions. The turnpikes and the county and town roads are everywhere well kept, and in excellent condition. (For the details of the canals and railroads, see api'Endis.) RjnH.—(yn the 30th June, 1850, there were in the Slate, 192 banks and branch banks, and their financial coujitiou at that dale was .as follows : LlABELlTrcB. Capital $47,779,727 Profits 8,113,064 Notes in circulation not registered 615,703 Kegistered notes in circulalion 23,598,,573 Duo Treasurer of the Stale of New York 1,473,901 Ymt. Expnrta. IiniKjrta. Ve.7r. E.i|iort8. Iiiiinirt-t. ISU... ..$12,266,215 . .. * 1S31... ..$25,535,144 . ..$57,077,417 1812... .. 8,901,923 . 1833... .. 20,01111,945 . ... ,53.214.402 1S13... . . 8,185,494 . 1833... .. 25,39.5.117 . ... 5,5,918,449 1814... 209,070 . 1*34... .. 13,849,4i;9 . ... 73.1^3,.594 1S15... . . 10,6T.S.373 . 1835... .. 80.:M.5,'J(U . ... 8,8,191,305 1816... .. 19,0!)O,0.31 . 18:30... . . 28,920,038 . ...118,2,5.3,410 1817... .. 18,707,433 . 1837... .. 27,838,419 . ... 79,301,772 1818... .. 17,872,201 . 1838... .. 23,008,471 . ... 08.453,206 1819... .. 13,587.1178 . 1889... .. 33,268 099 . ... 99,882,433 1820... .. 13,163.244 . 1840... .. 84.264.080 . ... 00,440,750 1S21... .. 13,102,917 . .. 23.029,246 1841... ... 33.139,833 . ... 76,713,436 lv.'2... .. 17.100,482 . .. 86,445,628 1842... .. 27,670.778 . ... 57.875,;04 1823... .. 19,03s,990 . .. 29,421,349 1843... ... 16,762,604 . ... 3I,358,.510 1824... .. 22,897,184 . .. 86,il8,72:5 1S44... ... 82,861,640 . ... 65.079,510 1825... .. 85,259,261 . .. 49.039,174 1815... . .. 80,175.398 . ... 70,9119,083 1826... .. 21,947,791 . .. 88.116,630 1S46... ... 86,935.413 . ... 74,254,283 1821... .. 2.3,8:M.137 . .. 38,719.644 1847... ... 49,844.308 . ... ,84,107.3.J2 1R28... .. 22,777,649 . .. 41,927,792 184S... ... 63,351,1.57 . ... 94.52,5,141 1829... .. 20.119,011 . .. 84,743,307 1849... ... 4.5,90.3,100 . ... 92,667,.3Ci) 1830... .. 19,097,983 . .. 35,634,070 1850... ... 52,712,789 ...111,123,521 Loans anil discounte $91,193,615 L 19; surplus revenue of caniils (annual appropriation), $200,000; State tax, $272.422 '25; sales of lands, $3,700 S3; redeniptionof land sold for taxes, $34,230 47; arrears of county ta.\es, $25,04S 46; Columbia County, for enf.ircing law, $.'i,000 ; Duchess County, for ditto, $934 97; miscellaneous and temporary receipts, $31,S.M G7 ; and the principal ol.jects of expcn.lituro were : Executive expenses, $3T,6.'J4 C5 ; judiciary, $100,911 5S ; legislature, $90,007 99 ; ciumissary's deparliiicnt, $14,487 63 ; commissioners of code, $2,4.'J0 ; commissioners on praclico and pleadiui;, $2,silo 2s ; stale printing, $92,528 63; deaf and dumb, $25,784 10; blind, $11,918 So; agricultur.al societies, $0,107 : Onondaga Salt Springs, $29,027; Slate prisons, $S'2,376 97; Stale Library, $0,937 52; postage, $8,604 42; HospiUd at New York, $22,600 ; House of Uofuge for Western New York, $18,000: foreign poor, $20,000; orphan asylums, $5..'J00; New York Arsenal, $920 OS; genlog- icalsun-ey, $10,918 82; Altorney-general's Library, $1,499 49; miscellaneous ami temporary expendiluns, $sl,j33 48. The special funds held by the government in trust are the Bank Fund, the Free Bank Fund, and the Scl]o,>l Funil : The Bunk Fund is made up by annual contributions from the incorporated Safely Fund banks, of one half of one per cent, on their respective capitals, and is by law appropriated to the payment of llie debis of such banlcs, liable to cuilrib- nte tho same as may become insolvent. The fund has been exhausted, and there are $721,.330 11 of per cent, slock now oulstaniling to meet the wants of the fund— which stock, except $59,450 64 now in the treasury or investeil, is to be pro- vided for out of the future contributions by the banks to tlie fund. The wliole circulation redeemed for insolvent b:mks is $l,.'i03,740 64, and debts paid, $1,028,684 43— total $2,680,425 07. The aggregale amount of conlribulions up to January. ISOO, when all the safety fund bank charters expire, will be $994,226 CO. The notes of every insolvent bank have been redeemed. There are now (1850) 73 of these banks in operation, and one branch, the aggregate capital of which amounts to $27,664,860; circulation to which they are entitled, $22,161,870; and actual circulation, $20,009,178 50. The F/ee Sank Fund consists of bonds, and mortgages, ami stocks deposited with the Bank Ctximiissioner. and moneys received on the same and held by him for tiie redemption of the circulating notes issued by banks and individual bankers tinder the general banking law. The whole number of .assticialions is fit>venty-one, and of individual banka stort!/-/ive—m all 180, the aggregate capital of which (1st December, 1550) was $14,203,115; and tlie whole amount of deposits $14,823,087 46. Of Uie/«»(/.s derated to erhwation, the capital and revenue of each description for the year ending .3i)Ih September, 1850, was as follows: "Common School Fund," capital $2,290,673 23, and revenue $123,090 78; llio " Uniled Slates De- posit Fund," capital $4,014,520 71, and revenue $255,323 85 ; and the " Literature Fund," capital $272,580 12, and revenue $87,948 12. Total— capital $6,578,074 06, and revenue $410,307 76. There has also been paid from the general fund for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, $25,784 10, and to the Institution for the Blind, $11,918 S5, making the whole sum paid during tile year for education, $454,070 70. The Common School Fund also owns about 301.759 acri'S of land, and the Literature Fund, about 10,880 acres. Of the funds devoted to education, as above what is exclusively the Coiumon School F^und, may be stated as follows : Productive capital of the School Fund, $2,290,673 23; such an ani'iunt from tho United States Deposit Fund as will produce $105,000 — the sum annually appropriated therefrom for the support of com- mon schools, at six per cent, interest, $2,750,000 — and sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capita! of the School Fund, $25,000, making a total of $5,005,673 33. The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent., is $303,1340 39. The balance of the income of the United States Deposit Fund ($90,-328 85) is appropriated to the support of colleges, academies, the Normal School, Indian schools, teachers' institutes, etc. The income of the Literature Fund must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of academies. The whole amount of public money received from all sources by the commissioners of cities and town superintendents, during the year ending 1st July, 1850, was $1,035,854 85, of which was .apportioned to teachers' wages $730,793 12, and for libraries $91,303 90, leaving a balance apportioned for contingent expenses amounting to $213,092 S3. The amount paid on rate bills for teachers' wages besides public money, was $5' S.724 66. Total cost of supporting common schools, $1,544,579 41. Edutjation. — In the 878 towns and 81 wards of cities of the State, there were on 1st July, 1850, 8,394 common school districts, and 6,025 parts of districts; and returns were received from 3,336 whole, and 5,475 parts of districts. The average length of schools in all districts, 8 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,449,950. Children taught during the year, 794,500, and the number of children between 5 and 16 years of age returned, 736.188 ; of these 200,128 pupils attended schools less than 2 months, 193,022 less than 4 months, 107,732 less than 6 months, 106,100 less than 8 monlhs. ,59.315 less than 10 months, 18,455 less than 12 mcmlhs, and 9,079 12 months. In 52 schools for colored children there were 4,971 scholars, and for the support of these $11,480 44 was appropriated. There were besides, schools for the inslruetion of Indian children in the several reservations; in 1849, 641 Indian children between 5 and 16 years of ago, were reported, and about 500 attended school; about 250 attend the Normal School at Albany annually, and on the Ist January, 1851, there were 220 pupils in the institution— 77 males, and 149 fem.ales. The whole number of graduates was 494—276 males, and 218 females ; and during the year then ending 9 Indian youth — 6 males, and 3 females — were taught, to prepare them for teachers among their own people. Teachers' institutes are held annually in the counties, but the reports say that of late a diminished interest in regard of them has been observed. Most of the large centres of popidalion have incorporated academies which are supervised by the Regents of the University ; and there are a large number of unincorporated academies, seminaries, and private schools, self-supporting. About 75.000 children are annually taught at the private institutions. The collegiate cstablishmenta within the State are also numerous and highly efficient as institutions of learning. The principal of these, including academic, law, medical, theological, etc., with their statistics in 18.50, are as follows : Namps Founded. Location. ProffssiTs. Ahimiii. Sliiilenls. I.ibrnrj'. Columbia (ffy/iV.) College 1754 N. York Cily 7 1,4.50 Ill 17,000 vols. Union College 1795 Schenectady 12 2,725 206 115,000 " Hamilton College 1812 Clinton 9 4.'j8 129 10,500 " Madison (S«p<.) University 1SI9 Hamilton 9 200 1'27 7,000 " Geneva (fyiMC.) College 1823 Geneva 5 131 42 5,400 " University of New York 1831 N. York Cily 11 8'20 150 4,000 " Bt. John's («. ft/tt.) College 1841 Fordham 16 43 05 12,C0C " St. Paul's (.ffpi/ic.) College 1837 College Point II 880 29 2,500 " University of Albany — Albany — — — — » 673 NEW YORK. Fo 'tailed. Localnu. Professors. Albany 3 , . . , N. York City G . . . . Geneva G N. York City 6 . . . , Albany 852 ... ... 219 ... 98 ... ... CO... ... — 597 ... . . . 421 . . . ... — 58... ...114... ... — 83S... ... 64 ... ... 10,000 211 ... . . . 106 . . . ... 18.000 BSO . . . ... 80 ... . .. 6,000 133 .. . . . . 82 , . . . .. 4,000 52 ... ... 5... .. 1,2,50 143 ... ... 11 ... ... 8,200 Kames. Law School — UnwersUy of Albany — College of Physicians and Surgeons 1607 Medical Institute — Geneva College 1835 Medical Fd^cxxMy—University of N. YorhlSZl Albany Medical College 1S30 .... Theological Institute, ProL Episc. Church 1S17 N. York City 6 Union Theological Seminary 1S36 N. York City 5 Theological Seminary of Auburn 1S21 Auburn 4 Hamilton Literary and Theolog. Institute 1&'20 Hamilton 4 Hartwick Seminary 1816 Ilartwick 2 Theological Seminary, Asso. Ref. Church 1S36 Newburg 1 There are numerous other local schools besides the above, as the ward schools of cities, various mechanics' schools, endowed schools, the Free Academy at New York and others, which are not included in the above returns, but which are nevertheless of essential utility in the field of education; aud with regard to literary, scientific, and artistic institutions, no other State in the Union is so amply provided with them. Puhlic Itbmries.— Three State libraries— 34,099 volumes; 21 social— 151,894 volumes; S college — 13.376 volumes; 21 studcnt3'^10,319 volumes ; 171 academic and professional— 143,465 volumes ; 4 scientific and historical— 25,253 volumes 8,070 public school— 1,33S,S4S volumes. Total S,29S libraries, and 1,756,254 volumes. Periodical Fress.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on the 1st Jimc, 1=^50, was 45S, and of these 141 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politics, in the latter class being also included all litcrarj', religious, scientific, etc., periodicals, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the aggregate number. 54 were published daily, 1 four times a week, 13 tri-weekly, 13 semi-weekly, 313 weekly, 13 semi-monthly, 25 monthly, and 3 quar- terly ; and the circulation at each issue of the dailies was 230,995, or 72,301,435 nnnually ; of the one published 4 times a week 1.100, or 223,800 annually ; of the tri-weeklics 36,975, or 5,763,100 annually ; of the semi-weekliee 30,365, or 3.157,960 annually; of the weeklies 094,414, or 36,109.528 annually; of the semi-monthlies 78,500, or 1,SS4,000 annually; of the monthlies 433,750, or 5,205,000 annually; and of the quarterlies 6,150, or 24,600 annually; total copies at each issue J,512,249, or 124,679,423 annually. In the city of New York the periodicals numbered, 14 dailies, 8 serai-weeklies, 5S weeklies, 8 Sunday papers, 5 semi-monthlies, 30 monthlies, and 2 quarterlies. In Albany County there are 5 d. and 9 w.; in Alleghany, 3 w. ; in Broome, 1 d. and 3 w. ; in Cattaraugus, 5 w. ; in Cajniga. 1 d.. 5 w., and 1 m. ; in Chaulauque, 9 w. ; in Chemung, 9 w. ; in Chenango, 4 w. ; in Clinton, 8 w. and 1 m. ; in Columbia, 1 d., 6 w., and 1 s.-m, ; in Cortland, 5 w. ; in Delaware. 3 w. ; in Duchess, 6 w. ; in Erie, 6 d., 1 four times a week, 4 t.-w., 1 8.-w., 10 w., and 2 m. ; in Essex, 8 w and 1 m. ; in Franklin, 2 w. ; in Fulton, 2 w. ; in Genesee, 4 w. ; in Greene, 3 w. ; in Herkimer, 4 w. ; in Jefferson, 5 w. ; in Kings, 8 d. and 8 w. ; in Lewis, 8 w. ; in Livingston, 6 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Madison, 5 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Monroe, 3 d., 9 t.-w.^ 10 w., 2 s.-m., and 2 m. ; in Montgomery, 6 w. ; in Niagara, 1 d. and 4 w. ; in Oneida, 4 d., 13 w., 2 s.-m., aud 1 m. ; in Onondaga, 4 d., 1 s.-w., 13 w., 1 s.-m., and 3 m. ; in Ontario, 5 w. ; in Orange, 2 s.-w., 6 w., and 1 q. ; in Orleans, 4 w. ; in Oswego, 2 d. and 6 w. ; in Otsego, 4 w. ; in Putnam, 1 w. ; in Queens, 5 w. ; in Rensselaer, 3 d., 4 w., and 1 m. ; in Richmond, 1 w. ; in Rockland, 2 w. ; in St. Lawrence, 7 w. ; in Saratoga, 8 w. ; in Schenectady, 2 w. ; in Schoharie, 2 w. ; in Seneca, 4 w. ; in Steuben. 5 w. ; in Suffolk, 1 s.-w. and 6 w. ; in Sullivan, 3 w. ; in Tioga, 2 w. ; in Tompkius, 1 d. and 2 w^ ; in Ulster, 5 w. ; in Washington, 7 w. ; in Waj-ne, T w. ; in Westchester, 5 w. ; in Wyoming, 2 w. ; and in Yates, 3 weeklies. lieligioua Denominations,— T\\q statistics of the several religious denominations, in 1350, were as follows : «o. ..r Cliiiroh Value of Denomina- No. (.r Cl.LJr.li Value c.r Dpi...nii.ia- No. of Cli..rcl. Vali.e ol tions. CI un-Iies acci'm. Pr..|ierl.v. tians. ChurclieB. acfotn. Property. t.ona. Cliurclie*. ac.'"(Ti. Pr..perly Baplisl 7T6. 384,274. $2,252,350 Germ'n Ref 1.. 600. $15,000 E. Catholic. 174. 122,588. $1,569,875 Christian.. 62. 20,000. 76.1560 Jewish 9.. 5,600. 126,000 Swedenb'g.. 2. 450. 1,400 Congreaafl 214. 102,4.30. 7T9.3IU Lutheran. . . 80.. 87,870. 252,200 Tunlicr — .. — . — Dutch Rcr. 282. 131,025. 8,M2,S50 Mennonite. 4.. 1,01)0. 2,0,W Union 74.. 27,879. 110,800 Episcopal.. 2T5. 138,965. 4,110,824 Methodist. . 1,215.. 478,145. 2,885,548 Unitarian. . . 22 . . 10,225, 292,075 Free 15. 4.001. 28,700 Moravian. . 8.. 1,500. 36.000 Universallst. 110.. 62,470. 327,100 Friends. .. 182. 49,314. 809,380 Prcsbytcr'n. 602.. 869,314. 4,847,206 Minor Sects. 22.. 8,500. &t,900 — mailing a total or 4,084 churches, accommodating 1,890,229 persons, and valued as property at $21,182,707. The State constitutes two dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Cliurrli, viz., tlie diocese of New Tork, and the diocese of Western New York : and in the Roman Catliolic Cliurrh, it constitutes llio dioceses of BulTaio and Albany, and the arch-diocese of New Torli, in the latter of wliich. East New Jersey Is inchiil.'d. Pauperism and Crime.— The wliolc numlier of paupers that received assistance and support witliin the year ending 1st June, IS.iO, was 59,855, of whom 19,275 were nativc-l>orn and 40,580 foreign-born; and tlie whole number receiving jHiblic charity at that date was 12,833, of wliom 5,7.55 were nalivc-tiom and 7,078 foreigners. Annual cost of support $S17,.336. In the above, the foreign paupers under charge of the Commissi.mers of Emigration are not accounted for, as they are chargeable on a special fund raised by capitation tax on themselves. The number of eonviclions in courts of record in the year 1849, was 1,531—1,437 males, and 94 females : offenses against tlie person, 897— ,'585 males and 12 fem,ales', offenses against property, with violence, 150—146 males and 4 females: offenses against property, without violence, 545—500 rnales ami 45 females : offenses against the currency, 37 (all males) : and olher offenses, 404—371 males S3 females. The ratio of convictions of f.'males to those of males is as 1 to 15.1S. T'p.>n c.mvictions, 4 were sentenced to be hung, 5-lo to the State prison, 51 t.> House of Refuge, 299 to the local prison, 32 to be flne.l and im|irisoneil, 565 to fine, and the sentences of 33 were suspended. The Slate prisons are at Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinlon. The whole number of convicts in these on the 31st December, 1849, was 1,.1S4 ; received during the ye.ar, 600, and discharged-by cxpir.alion of sentence, S.^^ ; by death by disease, 80; by accidental death, 3; by escape 9: by par.l.m, 45; by habeas corpus, 4; to House of Refuge, 2; to Lunatic Asylum, 10; to other prisons, 17— in all, 472. Remaining in prison 1st December, IS.-.O, 1,611. Of the 600 admilled, 685 were first convictions. 66 second, 7 Ihird, and 2 fourlh convictions. The daily average of all these prisons was 1,556. The whole number of punishments in all the male pri.sons was 613— in Auburn 1 in 21, in Sing Sing 1 in 35}, and in Clinton 1 in 28}. Average cost of each ration— at Sing Sing 8.6 cents, at Auburn 6.7 cents, and at Clinton 8.8 cents. Of the 1,011 remaining in prison, 11 were committed for murder, 41 for 674 NEW YORK. manslanErhter, G9 for assault with intent to kill, 44 for rape, 24 for assault to commit rape, 353 for burgliiry, hi^.J for grand larcpny, S2 for rol'bery, 104 for petit larceny, and 31 for counterfeiting and uttering. A common Englisti educaiion has been given to 472 of th&se convicta. The receipts from labor at the prisons amounted to $21fi,GS0 80 : from Hing Sing $99,539 70, from Auburn $79,573 11, and from Clinton $37,507 55; and tbe expenditures to $204,680 48: at 8iiig Sing $95,S2S 04, at Auburn $71,164 OT, and at Clinton $37,093 97. UiHtorical Sketch. — Verrazano, a Fiorenllue, in the service of France, is said to have discovered New York Bay in 1524; but the history of the State commences with tho arrival of Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutch service, in 10(19, who ascended the river, bearing his name, as far as the x^^^sent site of Albany. The country thus discovered was in- habited by the MohawlvS, a formidable and warlike tribe, and tho Manhattans, who Inhabited the islaiul on wbicli New Tork city is built, were also a fierce and warlike nation. In IGIO, a slii[» was sent from Am^trrdain to trade willi tJieae Indians, and other voyages were made during the succeeding years. In 1013, small trading firtswerc en-clrd nn the river, and several houses were built on Manhattan Island. On the 21)th March, 1614, the Slates' Genend of ilic United Netherlands passed an ordinance granting to all original discoverers of lands in North America the exclusive privilege of making four voyages to each, for the purposes of trade. Under this ordinance five ships were dispaJchcd the same year by a company of merchants. They cxphircd extensively the coast near New York. Blok. one of ihe cointnand-Ts, dis- covered and named Ulock Island, ^l^uUl I'f Khodo island, and also the KastKiver, and Captain Mcy. prciccediiig south- ward, discovered capes May and llenlnpen ; and on the return of these ships, a Captain Henrickson was left on the coast to prosecute discoveries. Tlie country extending between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers received the name of New Netherlands, and the exclusive right to trade there for three years from that dale (11th October, 1014), was granted to the discoverers, who, upon the passage of this grant, tbrmed themselves into a company called the United New Nether- lands Company. This company erected the same year a fort and trading house on an island just below the ])reseut city of Albany, and garrisoned it with ten or twelve men. Another fort was erected on the southern point of Manhaltan Island. The grant expiring in ISIS, the company petitioned for its renewal in vain. Private traders, hcwevcr, contiuued to visit the country for the purposes of traffic. In June, 1621, was passed the charter of tho Dutch West India Company, an anned mercantile association. This company sent out a ship called the New Netherlands, on the 2Dth June, 1023, to their newly acquired possessions, under the direction of Mey, already noticed, and Tienpont. The former of these proceeded to the Delaware, ami ehtal>Itsherk. In lT4t war was de -lan-d between England and France, and the colonists prepared to carry it on with vigor. In 1745 New England and y.rw York- united in an attack upon the French fortress at Louisburg, and New York furnished ten pieces of cannon antl fS.ODO toward the expedition. It was surrendered in July of that year. The colonies were so severely molested during itie year 174G by ihe Indians in pay of tho French, that it was determined to attack Crown IN.int and Niagara, and to capture Ouebec. For this purpose New York raised £40,000. The enterprise proved unsuccessful, an-1 the peace of Aix la Chatielle was concluded in 1748. .'>7& NEW NEW For a few yeanj alter this the colony prospered, and began lo recover from its losses by the wars. In 1754 a convention from all the colonies north of Mason and Dixon's Line raet at Albany, to devise some plan of common defense againat the French, who had again commenced hostilities. At this convention, Dr. Franklin, afterward so eminent in the history of llie lievoUUion, proposed a plan of political union. In the spring of the following year an expedition was sent against ^ort Du Quesne, but entirely failed, Braddook, the leader of the e.vpedition, having been killed. Nor was tlii^ campaign of 1756 more successful. In 175S William Pitt was placed at the head of the Knglish government, and a new impulse was given to the energies of the nation. Succ^'ss soon followed. Forts Frontenac and Du Quesnc weru captured, Slimuluted by these successes, New York, in 1759, raised $625,000 and a force of 3,6s0 men. Ticouderoga was captured early in the Beason. and Crown Point surrendered a few days later. Fort Niagara was reduced, and on the VMh September the brave General Wolfe laid down his life, in the moment of victory, when the English banners floated over the towers of tjucbcc The ensuing year the French made an unsuccessful effort to recapture Quebec, and on the 8th September all the French possessions east of the Mississippi were surrendered to the British, and the Frem-h power extinguished. Two small islands off the southern coast ri'served to them of their former vast possessions. About this time the difiBcullies between New Hampshire and New York commenced, respecting their respective hmits, which only ceased with the admission of Vermont into the Union after the Revolution. The imposition of the Stamp Act, in 17G4, and the other atrocities of the British Government which followed it,4ind which led to the overthrow of the British power in the colonies, need not be enlarged upon in this connection, being a part of the general, history of the Union. On the first Tuesday in October, 1765, a congress, composed of delegates from the New England and Middle Slates, assembled at New York, lo take into consideration their grievances. South Carolina had also delegates. This congress made declaration of the i)rivilegcs and rights of the colonies. Liberty-poles had, at this period, been frequently erected in New York city, and as often been destroyed by the British soldiery. On the 5lh September, 1774, a congress from several colonies raet at Philadelpliia, in which, however, New York was not represented. In April, 1775, a provincial convention met at New York, and elected delegates tn the second congress. The news of the battle of Lexington caused great excitement in the city, and the arms of the city were ordered to Boston, but seized by the authorities before their shipment. The war had now commenced. Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Whitehall, in this State, were captured by the provincials, and the entire command of Lake Champlain was obtained. On the 9(h Jnly, 1771, the provincial congress met at While Plains, and look the title of Eepresentativcs of the State of New York. On the first day of their meeting they received the Declaration of Independence, and immediately passed a resolution approving it. The fortunes of the continental army ft-om this time to the acknowledgment by England of the will of the sovereign people were various, and in New York were fought many of the famous battles of the period— those of Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heiglits, Bemis' Heights, Stony Point, Ticonderoga, Fort Schuyler, Stillwater, and Saratoga, at the last of which Burgoyne surrendered to the Americans. On the 12ih March, 1777, a constitution for the State of New York was reported by a. committee of the provincial con- gress, anvidth of 1 3-5 m. Its greatest breadth is on the line of Eighty-eighth Street, about 2i m. ; its area is about 14,000 acres. U is separated from the main land, in Westchester County, by Harlem r., a navigable water- course 8 m. long, connecting the Hudson and East rivers. The latitude of the City Hall (J m. from the Battery) is 40° 42' 40" N. ; its longitude is 740 01' OS" W. from Green- wich, and 3^ 00' 22" E. from Washington. Its distance by the moat direct railroad from Albany is 145 m. ; from Boston, 23C m ; from Philadelphia, 87 m. ; from Baltimore, 1S5 m. ; from Washington, 228 m. ; from Cleveland 503 m. ; from Cincinnati, 7oS m. ; from Chicago, 8515 m. ; and from Alton, vitt Chicago (SU Louis Irom Alton 20 m. by steamboat), I4I8 miles. 570 New York has a greater population, commerce, and wealth than any other city in the United States, and is sur- passed in importance by only two other cities in Europe, namely, London and Paris. For facility of examination and reference, its description and statistics will be given in the following order. Siir/uce.—Thc island was originally much diversified, and in its upper ])ortion, where least populated, it still retains somewliat of its original character. With the increase of population, improvements have been made according to an uniform system, in laying out avenues and streets, grading them, providing sewerage, etc. The ground rises from each river with gentle ascent, thus forming a central ridgo tiiroughout nearly the entire length of the islauil. A con- siderable portion of the lower part of Ihe city, particularly that near the rivers, is made ground. The Battery, a public park of 10 acres, at the S. extremity of the city, was built upon a low ledge of rocks, much beyond the original water line. Formation. — The soil Is a sandy alluvium, and less fertile NEW NEW tbao in many other parts of. the State. Its basis is princi- pally gneiss, but the iiorlli part of the island is composi'tl of granular and priinilive limestone, wliicb is mnrli qiianied. In many partd iJie limestone is at thf snrlace, and ocfupies lar£;o patches. On the "\V. side of the city, not far fruni the Hudson r., between 50Lh and Guih strcets^nd in some other parts, a number of streets are cut through tliis limestone. Ejitent vf Houses^ tM— In April, 1S53, the city was com- • pactly buiit from, the Battery to -lid street, 4 mlh'S. Tlic density of population is least in the npper portions of tjie city, but is increasing with astonisliing rapidity. A very great impulse has latefj' been given to this increase by tlic s:de of lui'ge tracts of ground, lately held by the cil^ and by the erection lic buildings— (of which see subsequent description.) Washington Square, 2i m. from the Battery, lies W. of Broadway, containing 9^ acres, neatly laid out, and aboimding with shade-trees, is a favorite promenade and resort for military j)aradc, as is also Tompkin's Square, lOJ acres, E. from Broadway. The ■otlR-r parks in the upper portions of the city, are Union Place, containing Z\ acres; Stuyvesant Square, 3J acres; Madison Square, 65 acres; Blooraingdale Square, IS acres; Hamilton Square, 24 acres; Observatory Place, 25i acres; Manhattan Square, 19 acres ; and Mount Morris, 20 acres. BminenH Locations. — The upper portion of the city is principally composed of residences, while the lower, or ^ southern parUrOccommodates the great bulk of commcree and general trade. The priucipaVbusiness portion lies south of Pulton Street. Wall Street is the focus of the great monetary operations, and in this locality the principal spec- ulations in slocks, b. — The water edges of the city are fringed with seven miles of wliarves and docks. On each side 'there are about 60 picr.H, averaging 200 to 300 feet in length, atul from 50 to 60 feet wide. The shipping lies along these as safely as in a tide-water dock. Foreign shipping lies mostly at the wharves of Jhe East River, as being a more secure posi- tion than on the other side. Usually these docks are crowded with vessels of all nations, and on an average 2,000 coasting vessels are in harbor at a time. Some load- ing, some unloading, and others waiting their turn for berths. Willi all these vast accommodations for shipping, however, there is scanty room for so large a commerce as centres at this port ; and to furnish the additional facilities which the increasing commerce of the city demanded, the Legislature, In 1S40, chartered the Atlantic Dock Company with a capitid of $1,000,000. Then- docks at Brooklyn are spacious, and deop enough to float the largest vessel ever built. The British steamers dock at Jersey City. liivrs and Harhor. — The width of the North River is one mile to Jersey City, at the ferry, and one mile and a half to Hoboken. The width of the East River is from one third to half a mile. At the South Ferry it is 1,300 yards, at Fulton Ferry 731 yards, and at Catherine Ferry 730 yards. The Bay of New York is from 1^ to 5i miles broad — average 3 miles, S miles long and about 25 miles in per- iphery, foTming a basin of capacity sufficient to receive the navies fjf the world. The Bay of New York communicates with Newark Cay, through the Kills, in the west, between • Stattjn tsland and Bergen Neck, .ind with another bay, at the south, called the outer or lower harhor. through the • Narrows a compressed strait between Staten and Long inlands. This latter bay opens directly into the ocean. The inner harbor, as well as being one of the best, is also one of the most beautiful in the world. Besides all the natural beauty of the scene, there can hardly be a finer spectacle than is presented in the great city spread before it, with its piers crowded with a dense fnrcst of masts, bearing the flags of all nations the shipping at anchqr,and Ihocoun^ less steamboats and vessels coming and g')ing perpetually. The d*'})th of WaUr and Tides. — The currents in the rivers and bay are very strong, keeping these waters open often when the rivers and bays much farther south are frozen up. The whole harbor was covered with a sohd mass of ice in 17S0, and again in 1S20. Yerj' rarely since has either river been frozen. In the month of January, 1,^.2, the Iiast River was obstructed fr-r a short period, but the Nfjrth Itivur re- mained open. Thousands crossed over the ice from Brooklyn 077 4 NEW NEW to New York. The rise of the'fde is nearly T feel. Going northwarj liie rise increSses, and in IliiiBay of Fundy is 90 feel, Uie muxiruuni of the coast. Soulhivardly it decreases. Mid in llie Gidf of Mexico is but IS Indies. Tlie time of tlic lidc at other places on the coast, or on waters connecting ■with the ocean, varies fruin that of New York as follows— eiirlUr : HalifaxvN. S., 2 h. 15 in. ; New Bedford, 1 h. 40 m. ; Providence, h. 41 in.; .^andy Hook, 2 h. 45 ni. ; Norfolk,' h. 41 111. ; and aiichimmd, 2 h. 2.5 m. ; and liitfr : liastp.irt, 2 h. 9 in. ; Portland, 1 ti. 39 m. ; Boston, 2 h. 19 m. ; Holmes' Hole, 1 h. 4 m. ; Philadelphia, 5 h. 19 in. ; Baltimore, 6 h. ur m. ; Charleston, lu h. 19 in. ; .Mobile Point, 1 li. .V4 in. ; Albany, 6 h. .34 m. ; tjnebce, 8 h. 49 ui. The deplli of water at the wharves is 6 or 7 feet, ami increases rapidly •utward. 11 is siilBcianl in either river to float the largest ships. At the old channel, on the liar at Sandy Hook, the depth is 21 feet at low tide, and 27 at high tide. That of the New, or (iedney's Channel, is at low water 32 feeL The channel inside varies from 35 to So feet. Hf;imsm.—Tbe harbor is well defended. The principal ■works arc at the Narrows, which, at the point selected, is but one-third of a mile wide. Here are built, on the Lont; Island side, forts Hamillon and Lafayette, the latter on a reef of rocks 200 yards from the shore, with three tiers of cuiis. On the Staten Island side are Forts Tompkins and Eieh- mOnd, the former on the lieigh«s, and provided with a num- ber of subterranean passages. These forts are in excellent condition. The entrance from the Sound to the Kast Kiver is defended by Fort Schuyler, on Throg's Neck. "Within the harbor are baiurics on Bedloe's and F.llis' islan.ls, on the west side of the bay, and on Oovernor'.s Island, 3,200 feet from the city, are Fort Colunibus, in the form of a star, commaiiiling the south side of the channel ; on the sonlh- west iioint, Castle William, a round lower 600 feet in cireiiil afld CO reethigh,with three liersof guns, and South lialtiTv, on the sonlh-west side, comiliaiiding the entrance Uinuigh liut- lerinilk Channel. In case of war. too, the whole surround- ing heiJhlD could be readily fortifleil, and Castle (iard.n, and the Battery esplanade would fiiruisli ready-made sites for an extensive armament. No port in the world, indeed, is better defended by permanent fortiflcalions, or could be more easily placed in a condition of defense. J/"(mn./i(e(Kr«.— Although New York employs the greater portion of its capital in foreign commerce and domestic trade, it is also distinguished as the greatest manufacturing city in the United Slates, having a greater capit.al therein invested, more hands employed, and deriving a greater • profit therefrom, than any oth.-r city. The g.-neral returns of the census are exhibited in the following t;ible : ■Wiuit. a..... s 3 :.... 4 No. of proitiicttve or ninnnracliiring est;tbli!.hnii-no,, 137 PBODnOTIVE ESTilBLISIIUKlITB OF KEW TOEK CITT. Hanifa enipjttyeil. 8,G'iO.. 19,649.. 633.. 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 18 . 14. 15 . 1« . 17 . 1&. 19. , 156 , 422 233 189, Capital invested. ... $1,013.500 851 12,672.995 9 607.000 189 l,(fe9,S0O..... 1.9.-J2 ... 1.227,562.. 1,78S.... ... 9,125,SS0 2.96S.... ... 3,493.275 4,09';.... 661,690 2,2.'.ii.... (93,300 2,095.... 96 809,700 S09.... 149 2,061,850 4,197.... 19 841,550 350.... 299,110 993.... ... 965,700 1,029.... ... 1,046,550: 1,036.... ... 8,280,-380 2,207.... 892.400 1,216.... .. 1,227,780 2,2C6.... •• 8;!4.G00 5C3.... Aniiiinl proilnct, or 6,087 ..... 9,707 »3.906;3'37 16,1156 85,704 31,310,643 172. 72 93 129 145, ,199. 44. 27. 943.. 853.. 1,072.. 1,S49. . 655.. .359.. 220.. 237.. TO.. 283.. 531.. 140.. 6.-.6. . , 119... 862... 102... 660 1,801,700 2,595 4.SS.').211 2,1« 4,478,214 4,040 3,822,191 S,947 9,641.033 2,T85 4,030,484 2,454 2,S3:!.1S0 l.CSS 1,678,422 4,4-34 20,0.'iG,409 420 4k... 620.500 1.281 2,073.428 1,560 1,,54C,C2T 1,1T6 1,376.813 2.T63 4,368,175 1,835 2,579.312 2,618 2,920,760 670 1,293,860 Total 3,387 $34,232,822 68,703 By these statistics it appears that the operatives in the manufactc»ries, etc, form nearly one-sixth of the whole poji- ulafion of the city; that the proportion of the annual pro- » ducts to the capitid invested, is 307 per cent. ; and that the average value of the product of each operative iij $1,2.')S. The manufacturing interests have had as rapid increase as those of commerce. In 1840, the total capital in manufac- tures wiLs .$11,228,894; and in 1850, as stated above, it amounted to $:}4.232.822. The branches of manufacturing industry ■which are here most extensively prosecuted are these directly developed by the great commerce of the city. Pre-eminent among these the the great iron foundries and machine-shops, of which the largest .are the Novelty ^Wtirks, Morgan 'Works, Allaire Works, and the Fulton and West Street foiimlries. The two former employ each about 900 men. Thi'sc and other establishments are engaged in casting and molding the largest class of steamship engines, their bed plates, and Other iron works, locomotives, mills, presses, gearing, boilers, etc There are 10 sugar refineries, all of which are very large establishments, superior to any others in the United States, and having a greater annual proilucl. The value of cabinet furniture annually macle is above tI,000,U00. There are numerous breweries and distilleries, ; BT8 29,917 88,620 $10,%21s,303 which employ a large capital. The Cillowiiig summary statement of the number of esttiblishments which in 1850 prosecuted the principal branches of raanufacliiring indu». try, is compiled from the " Business Directory" for that year: Boat-building, 27; boiler m,anuf., 16; brass and bell founders, 39 ; brewerie.", 42 ; bakeries, 4T5 ; black and whitcsmithing, 1S5; britannia-ware nianuf., 13; block and ' pumpmaking,33; bookbinders, 55; boot and shoemaking, 1,377 ; brashes, etc., 40 ; building of houses, etc.. 136 ; cab- inelmaking, 2.15 ; carpentering, 2Gll ; chainnaking, 84 j clockmaking, 29; clothing, 2SS; conches an.l carriages, 63; confectionery. 265 ; cordage, etc, 6 ; dressmaking, 440; edge tools, 11; goldbeating, 21; gold pen mannf., 20 j guns, etc., 20; ink mannf., 11; iron found^cs, 3S ; lock manuf , 24 ; machinery, 79 ; millinery, 256 ; morocco mannf., 28; musical inslrumenls, 41; nails, 15; organs, 5; patent medicines, 51 ; perfumer)', 26 ; inanolbrtes. 55 ; .«admmerce.—0.>m:nern:i\ interests originated the scttlo- montof New York, dcreloped its rapid growth, have always NEW directly influenced its changes of fortune^ and fire now the main siijiixtrl (»f its greatness. With the fiuotualion of the course of events, with rcgani tn jrenerul commerce, there has always been a correspon».iing clianire in the ratio of the increase of it? pi-piilatinn. aii(l of its g.-neral prosperity. lis first period of great prosperity, siibscqueot to tlie devolution, was I'rom 1790 lo ISuO; during wliich decade its population increased at a ratio of 82. 1(5 per cent — viz.. from 33,1:U (1T90). tn 6(US9 (ISori). Dnnn.-x this period the old wo>-kl, involved in wars, w;is making constnnt demand ufion the industry of the m-w; and the produce of the interior and of the noighhoring States was pressing to the Atlantic, whence the shipping of New York carried H altroad, returning again with goods fur distribution, holii in its own and the neighboring markets. Tlie business of the ciiy conse- quently wonderfully infTea.sed,aud its attendant advantages drew tliilher aipital and also men to participate in tlie pro- fits arising frotn the large investment then made. During the next decade (l'M]0 to IMO) there was a falling off of the ratio of increase of population and wealth, and business enterprise was greatly depressed. Though the population increased in this period at a ratio of 59i per cent, [from 60.4S9 (ISOO), to 96,373(1810).] the increase in wealth was but S per cent.— viz., from $24,486,870 to $26,436,^70. In tlie succeeding ten years, tlie war of 1S12 with Great Britain entirely destroyed the foreign commerce of the city for 3 years; after which, from 1S15 to 1820, it again rerivetl and grcalJy advanced in wealth. The increase of its wealth during the entire decade (lSlO-20) was 163 per cent, (from $26,430,370 to $C9,.')30J.'j3). While the increase in popula- Uon wiLs only 2Si- per cent, (96,373 to 123,706). which ratio is less than that of any other decade, and exhibits with extra- ordinary clearness the dependence of New York city upon commerce, since duringthis same period the increase of the population of the Slate was more rapid than ever. In 182" commerce again revived, and stt*adily increased until 1825, in which year it reached a climax that was not ag.^in attained until 1831. In 1S26 the completion of the Erie Canal opened a new source of prosjierily to com- merce, and which as-sisted in the f )rmation of tlie groat speculations whicli soon characterized the financial career of the city. The revulsion which followed this unnatural e3q)ansion. and for a time prostrated all branches of bu.si- ness, most seriously affected tlie commercial interests of the city. Since its recovery from that reversion of fortune, its conimerci;U prosperity has for the most part been steadily on the Increttse, though, of course, somewhat affected by the changes in the laritTs of the national government, and the changing relations of the nations with which it has in- tercourse. The following table shows the amount of imports and ex- ports of the port of New York, and the amount of duties collected on the importation in each year, from 1821 to 1S5I, Inclusive ; Amuunt of ituiies NEW Y_.„ Ininorts from •1821 $86,020,012 .. 1822 33,912.468.. 1823 30,i;()l,435 .. 1S34 3T.7S5,147 .. 1S25. 182T.. 1823.. 1829.. 1S30. . 60,024,9-8 . 84,728,004 . 41,44', S32 . 39,117,010 . 84,972,493 . 8S,6.=)0.004 . 16S1 5J*SI.727 . 18-82 50.99.5.924. 1833 66..'>27.976 . 1834 72.224,300 . 1835 S9.:iil4.103 . 18.36 1]8.SS0,194 . 1837 6S.374,55S . on irii|>5 27,455,228 23,584,610 ImportB (Vom . Amoiinl of diifips Fxports to Fon.'ign roiinlhes. 1.0 onporn. For'Kor.mnl'B. ISJiS .... 77,214.720.. . 10,494,065 . . . 22,184.248 1^39 97,o7'^.6?7 . . . 13,970,3.32 .. . 86.602,22« IWII . . . . 5G,s4,i.lV.'4 . . . 7,637,441 .. . 80,186,470 1S41 . 10.993,899 .. . l(i,0]3.122 .. . 80,731,519 . 28.('90.1!I9 1S42 .... 52,41.5,5,'i5 . . 1S43 50,1180,607 .. . 11,30m,4(j7 ... . 23.M(l.3.'6 1S14 . . . . 75,749.220 . . . 21.457,830 .. . 34 IT38.470 1S45 . . . . 68,932,2117 . . . 17,667,8.58 . . . 34,800,348 1S40 7I,093.S19 .. . 16,807,275 . . . 34 190,184 1S47 . . . 96,2^8.097 . , . 17,843,462 .. . 4.5.687,954 1S4S ... S9.31,VJ09 ... . 20.839,681 .. . 8t;.:;3l.441 Ii49 ... 80,011.902 .. . 19,811.884 .. . 36,720,224 1S.50 . . . 103.'.;50..".03 . . . . 24,487,610 .. . 38,061.517 1S51 ... 180,683.030 .. . 3I,75U99?.. . 63,.595,876 %SB2 ... 117,739,457 ... . 28,678,910 ... . 44,187,329 Of the whole value of the imports into New York, very nearly one-half consists of dry goods. The following table exhibits the value of the importations of dry goods, of dif- ferent kinds, compared with the whole importation of for- eign merchandise in the last four fiscal years: ManufarHirfii. 1818-9. lR<9.r,0. IP.IO fil. IPM-SS. Woolen .... $9,I99,.^73. $14.637.060. $17,067,031. $14,388,565 Cotton 10,783,807. 10,660.857. 11,671,500. 9,982,547 •"^ilk.. 14.301.316. 16,679.227. 24,858.850. 22,319,051 I'l^x 4,245,513. T,0S4.663. 8,058.731 . 6.346.299 MIscellan'us. 4,144,525. 2,320,828. 8,957,635. 4,183,740 Tot im.d.g. $41,674.739. $51.332,635. $64,613,747. $57,221,062 " mer. 68,932,207. 103,250,503. 130,6S3,030. 117.739,457 Pro.d.g. w.i.. 60.5 p. ct. ..49.7p. ct...49.5p. ct...48.6p. ct The following table gives a statement of the thitiea col- lected at the port of New York, compared wiih iIil- total colleciions of the United States, in various years between 1789 and the present: ye»r>, Ke» York U.S. Yfars New York i;. s. 1789.. $145,320. $ - 1825. $16,752,100, $211,098,714 1792.. 1,2:33.908. 3.443,071 1830. 1.5,012,.5.53 21 .922,391 1795.. 2,717,361. 6,56S,4C1 18.35. 14,468,116. 19,891.811 1800.. 3,611,538. 9,0S(i,933 i,S40. 7,.537,441 13,499.502 1805.. 6,953,008. 12 936,487 1845. 17.607,853. 27,.52'M13 1810.. 5,223,696. S,.5S3,809 1850. ^4.487,610. 39.608.1)80 1816.. 10,785.8.54. 30,806,875 1851. 31,7.57.199. 49,017,597 1820.. 5.487,974. 15,005,012 1852. 23,678,910. 47,320,816 The rcvonne cnlleetpd at New York cnmp.irrd witli that tif Iho <)!lier principal porls of the Uuited States iu Ihe year ending June 30, 1851, was as follows: New York . . . Boston rhiladelphia. , $31,767,199 . 6,577.540 3,667,888 New Orleans . Baltimore Charleston, S. , $2,296,638 . 1,047,278 600,712 According: to the Business Directory of the city for 1860, tlie nuniljer of importers of ditfereiit articles was as follows: of dry gootis, 139 ; fancy goods, 100; hardware, 1"7; watches, 61: wines and liquors, 103; silks, 21; laces, 36; woolens, 11 ; drugs, 34; essential oils, 15; china-ware. 40; plate ^Ktsa, 1 1 ; hides, 12 ; hosiery, 7 ; buttons, 7 ; baskets, 6 ; burr blocks, 3; generiU importers, 23, etc. The iiiiprirts and exporls of specie and bullion are not included ill tile aliove talile, but the following wiU exhibit their amounts for the last six years : 1847.. 1-48., 1849.. Import,.. $8,307,330. 1.173.406. 2,S18,.3S0. Exports. $9i 6,841 12,028.798 4,739,903 Ye.rs. Import.. Export!.. I860.. $10,602,116. $.5,885.10$ 1S51.. 10,390,501, 2fi.622.731 1852.. 2,523,391. 37.273,703 For the calendar year 1851, the import of trold and bullion from California, was $43,671,432, and the export of gold and silver to all countries, was $43,723,209. 679 NEW TmiiM(/e of New York Ci(y.— The following stalemcnt from Ibe annual reporla of Ihe secretary of the ireasnry, exhibits the registered, the enrolled and licensed, and the total tonnage belonging to the district of Sew York from the year lb26 to the present time. The year ends with December 31, up to 1835, thence with September 30, to W&, and fl-om that time it ends with Jane 30: Rf'sis^''^'^' Enrolled nod Licenaeil. Totnl. YeRra* Toa^,. 9olli8. T(»ii.'<. yMlit, Tona, 'jMti'. 1826 153,451 88 167,337 5S g)G,2S9 01 1327 165,014 87 151,341 90 846,356 82 1623 153,237 TO 131,167 09 839,404 79 1829 110.993 21 150,TU 12 261,70133 1S.S0 101,947 01 154.710 93 256,553 02 18-31 122,457 93 16.3.9S0 62 286.4-33 59 1882 m307«2 169.524 92 298,332 59 1883 151,915 83 171,818 53 3-.'-S.738 8G# ISai 178,022 40 181,199 79 359,222 24 1835 191,626 43 135,071 29 376,697 72 1836 192,964 79 611.349 80 404,314 14 13.37 191,822 11 219,519 64 410,371 75 1838 169.922 82 2.31,049 47 4110,971 79 1889 183,566 55 246,7-34 33 430,300 88 1S40 203,536 6S 211,231 86 414,818 04 1841 225.174 36 212,840 02 4;aS,014 83 1842 226,072 61 2:33,401 02 459,473 63 1843 237,240 29 259,725 27 496.965 56 1844 263,833 23 271,278 75 525,103 03 1845 243,917 00 301.642 43 650,359 43 1816 260.896 36 311,626 84 572,522 70 1347 297.516 04 343.627 26 646,043.30 1346 338,804 40 396.272 90 733,077 35 1349 373,976 89 417,504 85 796,491 79 1850 441,336 T6 394.280 80 835,867 61 1S51 504,309 27 436,534 47 931,193 74 "Within this period of 26 years, it will be seen that the tonnage of this district has nearly trebled in amount. Ct)niparison of the tonnage of New York with that of Boston, and uf the United States at different periods ; New York. Boston. Unitetl States. Yenrs. Tons, itstlis. Toils, ysibs. Tons. yoOis. 1826 816,239 01 171,976 12 1,534,IB9 83 1S3D 256,558 03 135,009 17 1,191.776 48 1835 376,697 72 220,041 74 1,824,940 40 1840 414,818 04 .... . 220,248 74 2,130,761 16 1845 650,859 48 235,108 21 2,417,002 06 1850 6-35,867 61 318,192 00 3.635.454 28 1351 981,193 74 342,936 09 3,772,449 4S The tonnage of several other of the leading ports was, in 1851, as follows : Tonp- 95llis. New Orleans 251,900 14 Philadelphia 222,423 90 Baltimore \U\fA\ 64 New Bedford- --.131,409 46 Bath,-a/'f 108,795 91 Tons. 95lliB. ■Waldoboro', Me. 108,698 61 Portland " 97,671 70 Bamslable,J/(M». 72,997 44 San Francisco - .. 68,063 M Charleston, /XC. 81,910 27 'Emplfnimfni of Tcmnagp. — The following table presents the proportions of the tonnage employed in coasting trade, in steam navigation, and in the whaling business .since 1829. * » The table of the coasting trade embraces only the "en- rolled and licensed tonnage," and does not include the tonnage "licensed under 20 tons," of which ft subsequent statement is given, for the years ending June 30lb, 1S49, and Jane Slilh, 1350. The table of steam navigation includes both "registered" and " enrolled and licensed" tonnage. A separate compar- rflve statement of these classes for the years ending June 80th, 1349, and June 80th, 1850, is also given subsequently UBder " Kteam, marine." 580 NEW 4_ — Cni,9t TraJe- Sleam Navrg'n "Wlialing. 1 ears. .].,,,j^^ (,g(i,,_ y^^,^^ ^Uha. Tons- fl&tb» 1929 178,180 M 1,043 64 — 1830 142,329 83 12,103 30 — 1531 146,788 38 12.766 56 — 1832 156,049 46 13,488 62 — 1383 161,415 19 13,112 91 — ISlit 163.477 80 14,678 94 — 1385 172.663 84.-.;.. 15,903 28 2,436 57 1886 202,677 65 19,63157 93163 1837 210,316 38 24,118 53 714 81 1338 221,60189 25,419 36 863 91 18-89 287-024 72 30.654 41 2,460 49 1810 201,658 67 84.75136 — 1841 208.052 19...... 31.727 21 1,76188 1342 228.456 87 85.260 81 1,48177 134:3 249.677 27 35,317 63 870 2.S 1314 261.134 75 36,305 80 473 2T 1S15 291.209 66 42,270 01 370 2S 1848 3119.394 23 46,557 98 379 5T 1317 337.663 51 52,420 88 — 1843 885,020 49 64,229 19 — 1349 406,166 48 71,818 73 — 1850 8S2.SS6 71 95,116 5& 465 00 1851 426.747 19 121,54152 — The following table exhibits the tonnage " licensed under 20 tons," for the two fiscal years specified : Tpar eniling June 30, tSSO, Tons, ttiths. Tonnage lit'ensed under iO Ions. Year endin; June .10. ISIA Ton^. Sollifl. Coasting trtide 11,199 90 11,227 90 Codfishery 148 42 116 U Of enrolled and licensed tonnage, none was employed during these two years in the mackerel fishery. Steam Tc^inage.—the following table exhibits the amount and classiflcatibn of the steam tonnage for the two Bscal years specified : steam tonnage. Year enjing June 30. IR4'i. Tons. y.^tli9. Year ending •June 20, l.'VSO. Tuna, y.'itlia. , . 38,148 47 ,. 63,967 09 Eegistered 10,643 76 Enrolled and licensed. 61,175 93 Total 71,818 73 95,115 66 This laljle exhibits a part of the great increase of registered steam tonnage, which, beginning in 1847. h.TS since been steadily increasing, and now pre-eminently characterizes New York. Further statistics of the steam tonnage will be found under the heads of " vessels built" and " ocean steam- ships." The total steam marine of New York is nearly equal to that of the empire of Great Britain with all its dependen- cies, which in 1861 was stated at 1,184 boats of 142,080 tons. According to the V. B. Treasury lieport on the U. S. steam marine in 1351— the number of passengers carried on the Hudson river in the year ending July 1, 1351, was 995,100, between New York and Philadelphia by steamboats 340,000, and on Long Island Sound 302,397. The steam tonnage of New York compares as follows with that of several other cities — of the several coasts, in land divisions, etc.— and of the United States in 1861 : Tons. New Orleans 156,654 New York 121,511 Pittsburg 47,911 St. Louis 29.668 Detroit 21,944 Phil.idelphia 20,717 Buflalo 19,038 Total U. S. steam mari Arrivals and Departures. — Annexe* Ton*. Baltimore 14.285 Northern frontier. . . . 69,105 Ohio basin.. 67,601 Mississippi valley . . . 67,957 Atlantic coast 154,270 Gulf of Mexico 28,244 Pacific coast 37.936 •jne 633,607 fl is a tabular state- ment of the amount of tonnage entered and cleared the port of New York, from and for foreign ports, in each year from 1821 to 1851, a period of 31 years, distinguishing the Ameri- can from the total tonnage. The years end with September to 1S43, thence with June. NEW NEW Amount (if tonnage entered the port of New York from, and the amount cleared the port of New York for foreign ports: ENTERED. CLEARED. Amerirnn T,723 1T1,;I63 UiJU.. 226,790 WS.gTO.. 226,TS9 196,189.. 853,769 21S,4S(L. 2S0.179 245,512.. 27i,997 213.2*4.. 282,872 iiH.m.. 276.077 207,124.. 2S1..512 200.76S.. 814,715 209.699.. 3.37,009 284.469.. 401.71S 221,087.. 1S22 .. 1823 . . . 1S24... 1826 . . . 1S26 . . . 1827 . . . 1828 . . . 1829 . . . 1830... 1831 .. . 1882 . . . 1833 . . . 1S84 . . . 1835 . . . 183G ... 1837 . . . 1S3S . . . 18.39 . . 1S40 ... . . 203,0S2 ..2I14,.30S ..200,030 ..259,624 ..246,174 ..2.55.270 ..2:M,308 ..2.5.5,691 ..280,918 ..274.2.37 ..295.293 ..320.083 ..852,325 ..873.465 ..4I.'7.U95 ..368,011 ..377.563 ..422,349 ..4fli).458 4.311.918 239,415. 444.904 2.35,708. Tntnl T„i.-. 1.M.472 180,228 217.2112 ^33.931 263,431 232,400 260.603 248,267 220.201 2i3.2S5 294.236 310,120 341,627 825.870 309,6911 404,957 .289,552 .271,746 .atS,786 405.959 .208,887 860,0,54 .831.590 4tU,847 .27,5,393 392.597 404,404... 650.730... 639,.372... 408,890... 505,a»... 627,594... 1841 423,952 549,045 290,843 407,326 1842 406,028 666,315 300,738 461,889 1843 247,960 812,214 221,7-38 2S6.4S1 1844 434,690 676,4«0 871,908 49S.254 1846 439,676 579,218 841,094 4SS-525 1&40 498,995 065,877 890,498.... 563.716 1S47 643,005 663,603 496,509 78.5,745 1S4S 039,805 932,493 491,219 78S,.'!35 1849 711,720 1,117,300 509,711 931,609 1850 734,431 1,146,331 590,312 982,478 1851 966,379 1,448,763 793,229 1,230,082 The en'rancea and clearances at New York, at different periods, compare as follows with those of the United States for the same years ; EXTRANCEa. New York. Unite-i States. Tons. ..1.570,024.. .. 973.631.. ..1. 047.800.. ..1.099,027:. ..1,993,963.. Tears. 1621 1625 1826 CLEAEANCES. New York. U. ?tntes. Tons. Tons. 154.472 883.020 263,431 1,055,440 232.460 1,0.53.429 24;3.2S5 1.10.5.196 869,590 2.031,;M1 392 597 9.363,495 433 525 2,984.252 982,473 4,301,002 1,2.30,032 5,130,054 T..n.s. 171.963. 280.179. 274.997. 1S30 314.716. 1886 404.4f4. 18-10 627,594 2.239.309. 1345 592,218 2.946,049. 1850 l,146.8;il 4,-348,689 . 1851 1,443,768 4,99.3,440. During the year ending 8l3t December, 1851, the nalton- ality and character of vessels arriving at New York was as follows : Nalionalily. American 2,881 British 906 French 80 Bremen la3 Swedish 48 Austrian 9 Norwegian 54 Sicilian 7 Hamburg 44 Danish 24 Eussian 12 Dutch ;..?. 28 Belgian 18 PruN^ian 29 Columtrian . Neapolitan 4 Portuguese 14 Of these 941 were ships, 388 harks, 1,303 brigs, 688 scUnoners, lOG .steamships, 2 ketclies, 1 sloop, and 4 gidliots. Ve.^'fiti'ls Built in the District of New York. — Tablil show- ing the number 8.(I72 4S0.149 1849 256,370 378,969 63o,.34.5 1S44 308,025 491,891 799,S16 1S45 304,551 655,039 9.i9,590 1546 51 I6,S80 600,862 1,107.270 1847 812.840 618,412 1,4!1,2.52 1848 660,151 ■...634,183 1,184,837 1849 768,659 498,068 1,260,724 1.S60 773,853 698,001 1,371,859 1351 966,993 541,634 1,503,377 1862 1,161,973 492,721 1,644.699 Of the aboTe total amount, the whole quantity of wheat and flour which came to the Iluilson Kiver, from 1844 to 1352 mclusive,with the ag^egatc market value of the same : Tear. Tons. Talue. 1844. = .277,865. . .$11,211,677 1846... 320.403... 15.962,250 1846... 419,366... 18,830,412 1S4T. . .501,205. . . 82,890,933 1S48... 431,641... 21,148,421 SS2 Y.ar. Ton«. VaiiiH. 1819.. .434,444.. .$19,.30S,S95 1850... 461,781... 20,218,183 1851... 457,624... 16.487,653 1852... 576,772... 22,564,256 The fiillowing is a'statemcnt of several of the leading articles arriving cDaalwise, in 1851 : Articles. Amnnnt, Eice, trcs 42,433 Salt, bushels. 10,180 Sugar, hhds 21,448 " trcs 53 " bbls 36.263 " boxes 3.599 " b.ng9 13.7:53 Tobacco, hhds. 14,827 " bales, etc. . . 423 Wool, baled 10,692 Articles. Amount. Cotton, bales 456,637 Coffee, bags 62.331 Figs, dnnns 77,850 Hemp, bales 19,476 Hides, No ....208,628 Lead, pigs 176,5.38 Molasses, hhds 12,650 " trcs 1,247 " bbls 39,797 Raisins, boxes 32,041 " casks 1,035 The aggregate of the trade carried on by means of the various r.iilroads which centre at New York is most im- mense. Of these railroads the principal one is the Erie Eailnxtd, which bears a relation to the entire southern pfirlion of New Tork, and northern of Pennsylvania, etc., very similar to that sustained by the Eric Canal to the northern part of New York State. On all the railroads diverging from this city toward Philadelphia, Boston, and Albany, the tratTic is also inmiense, and ever increasing. The following are the several principal hues fri?m this city : Miles. Camden and Amboy 90 Central (N. J.) 73 Morris and Essex 44 Union 83 New Jersey, etc 87 New York and Erie ... . 469 Miles. Hurlson Eiver 150 Harlem 153 New York and New Haven 76 Iloasatonic 110 Long Island 96 By means of these railroads, New Tork is directly con- nected with every section of the country ; and the various lines with which these are interwoven form a great net- work of several thousand miles of iron highway. Of the total internal trade furnished from the city, dry goods form probably the greatest portion ; but that of man- ufactures is well-nigh as extensive. Book-publishing is a principal business, and from the mercantile arrangements of the trade, by semi-annual trade sales, commission pub- lishers, etc., has become a great feature of the internal trade of the city, and a branch it has acquired at the expense of other cities. Of the general character of the internal trade of Now Tork, it may summarily be sai)l, that it surp.asses that of ail other cities in the Union", and dilTers from that of the entire nation (jnly in degree. Bants. — There are 40 banks, with an aggregate capital of .t:!6,834,950. In 1830, the bank capital of New York was $15.280,000 ; in 1.<3C, $20,361,200. The following statement exhibits the capital and rate of dividends of the banks of the city in each year, JVom 1345 : Dis. Div. Yenrs. Capital. per cent. Tenrs. Cnpitnl. percent. 1845. .$23,084,100 ...6.21 1849. .$24,457,890 ...8.28 1846. . 23,084,100 ...7.09 1S50. . 27,440,270 ...8.69 1847. . 23.084,100 . . .7.25 1^51. . 28,057,4.50 ...S.93 1843. . 2.3,084100 ...8.09 1852. . 85,834,950 ... — Tnmiranee Oompanief. — There are 37 tire and marine insurance companies, with an aggregatt; capital of |6,6^,0l0 ; an-i 6 life insurance and trust companies, with an aggregate capital of $5,060,000. Piihlie Builfii})ff 8.— The City Hall, standing near the centre of the Park, is a handsome edifice, built chiefly of wliite marble, and is 216 feet long, 105 feet wide, and 51 feet high. It is two stories high above the ba. tlie annual report of the Board of Education for the year 1S50- 51, the whole number of schools within itsjurisdiction during the year ending 30lh April, 1351, was 207, of which the number belonging to the " Public School Society" was 114, ward schools 72, corporate schools 21, and among which were 17 schtHils for colored children. The whole number of children taught during the year ending February 1, 1851, was 107,363; number during the year 1349-50 was 102,974; while the average attendance during 1S50-51 was 40,055; and in 1S49-50, 35,908. The following tabular statement exhibits the most important statistics for the schools during four years each ending on February 1st; Year en-iing Feb. 1. 1S4S. S.-hnoJe. Public... 114 Ward 60 Corporate. 18 , Totals . . 1S3 89,599 .... 32,122 . . $201,176 f Public... 115 .... 50,320 .... 1S.5S7 Ward 53.... 40.933 .. . 14,652 1S49. ] Corporate.. 21.... 3,743.... 2,125 [ Totals.. 194 .... 95,045 .... 85,364 .. $224,490 NEW NEW Tear Feb. i. 1S50. 1S51. Si-hoils. Clae?. No. Public... 115 , Ward Co Corporate. ID . Whole No. tan gilt. .. 53,546 .. .. 45,b72 .. .. 3,556 .. Ag. Cost Dflnstruc- tion.etc. 1S,15:3 15.SU5 2.U40 Totals.. iy9 ....10a,974 .... 36,993 .. $348,301 fPuUir-.... Ward Corporate.. 114 T2 21 53.339 50,559 8,505 , 19,2T3 IS.ilT 2.(I4S Total3.. 307 ....10T,3G3 ..,. 40,055 .. $274,795 The cost per srholar for 240 days' instruction, etc., in lUt; year ending Feb. 1, 1S4S, was $6 26 ; ditto in 1S49, $6 34; ditto in 1S50, $6 87; ditto in 1S51, $6 S6 — the averjige cost for the four years per schohir, $6 5S. By an act of the Legis- lature in 1S53. the Public School Society is discontinued, and the general district system of the State introduced. The Free Academy is a public high school of the city, established "for the purpose of extending the benefits of education gratuitously* to those who have been pui)i]s in the common sehouls of the city and county of New York."' The project was submitted to the popular vote of the ciii/.ens in 1S46, and approved by a very large majority. Tiie building erected for the purpose, and opened January 27, 1849, is situated at the corner of Lexington Avenue and Twenty- third Street. It is a spacious and elegant structure, built in the Gothic style, after the manner of the Town Halls of the Netherlands. Its dimensions are 125 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 5 stories high. The cost of the building was about $50,000, of the lot $20,000, and of its furniture and apparatus $10,000. It win accommodate about 1,000 scholars. In ita construction utility and ornament are admirably combined. The number of instructors in the academy are 11 ; the num- ber of students admitted at the opening of the institution was 5S ; has since steadily increased with successive terms, and now amounts to several hundred. There are in the city a great number of private academies. Of female semi- naries, two are very large, and of great reputation — the Kufger'3 Female Institute in Madison Street, and Spingler Institute in Union Place — each of which have fine slone edifices, are well furnished with apparatus, etc., and have over 500 pupib. CoUeges. — There are in the city 2 collegiate institutions, 3 medical colleges, anI" Of this amount, Mr. Astor directed that a sum, not exceeding $75,000, should be expende(#in the erection of a building, on the E. side of Lafayette Place; that $120,000 should be expended in the first outlay for books and other objects: and that the residue, over $200,000, should be permanently invested as a fund for its main- tenance and gradual increase. The library edifice, built of 5S5 NEW NEW brown freestone ami brick, is a very handsome structure, both in exlL-rior anil interior. Its dirnenbioris are — 65 feel fVont, 120 feet in lengtli. anir2 stories in iKlghi, G7 feet from the side-walk to the Inp of the parapt-l. The interior is most coinmodiously arranged, and will conveniently contain 100,000 volumes. Over 60,000 \olumes have already t>ei'n purebascd, ehiefly in Europe, The library will be oX)ened for public use in 1653. PeHodtcul Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in the city in June, IS50, was V25, of which 14 were issued daily, 9* semi-weekly, 5S weekly, 8 on Sunday. 6 semi-monthly, 30 monthly, and 2 quarterly. Names riv -House 11,430 35 New Work-House Building 2,455 40 ToUiI monthly cost of supplies, $406,652 60. Of 4 of these institutions, the following are some of their Btatistics for the year 1S52. Nir.MBEB OF INMATES. Reinaimrii Admitted Discharged K»>mainlng Dec. :;i. 1^51, in 1852. and died. Dec, 31, 18.V3. Bellovne Hospital. 6o9 5,0S9 5,132 516 Alms-llouse — — — 1,207 Lumitic Asylum.. 517 495 4S5 527 Nursery 1,419 1,773 1,8S1 1,311 Of the Alnis-IIouse inmates— 1,023 were born in foreign countriis, and 245 \n the United States; 653 were males, 614 females. There are three large dispensaries, whose free charitable ministrations have for many years been of very great assistance in relieving the medical wants of the poonrr classes. According ti) recent police returns, 13.450 persons were found living in 3.743 underground basements. Nearly one-third of these persons were classified as dirty in person, and their basements of the same description. Croton Aqueduct Department— The Croton Aqueduct was commenced in 1S37, and its completion celebrated Oct. 14th, 1&43. It is 40i m. long, commencing at the Croton r., in Westchester co., 5 m. from Hudson r. The dam, built of stone and cement, is 250 feet long, 40 feet high, 70 feet thick at its base, and 7 at its tup. The pond thus ertfated is 5 m. long, covering 400 acres, and estimated to contain 500,000,000 gallons of water. The aqueduct, built of stone, brick, and cement, and arched over and under, is 6 feet 9 inches wide at its bottom, 7 feet 5 inches wide at the top, and S feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 13J inches per m., and will discharge 60,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. It crosses Harlem r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, supported by 1-4 stone piers, and which cost nearly $1,000,000. The receiving reservoir is between Sixth and Seventh avenues, and Seventy-ninlh and Eighty-sixth streets, cover- ing 35 acres, containing 150,000.000 gallons of water, and cost $134,000. TDhc distributing reservoir, on Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street, is a most massive structure, is 2,120 feet square, covering over 4 acres, containing 25,000,000 gallons, and cost $152,000. Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, of which, in 1S52, 315 m. length had been bid. The daily consumption is about 30,000,000 gallons. The supply is considered adequate for three or four times the present population of the city. In 1351 the total cost of the Croton Aqueduct and its connections was $14.041 ,5rU. Its revenue now amomits to nearly $500,000, and is steadily increa^^ing. Fire Dej^artment. — Engine companies in 1S51, 49, with 84 engines, 49 hose companies, with carriages, and 58,500 feet of hose, S hook and ladder companies. 3 hydrant companies ; •whole number of firemen 2,172. The real estate used by the Fire Department was valued, in IS.'il, at $151,300. Sta- tistics of fires in 1S52 — total number, 325; of false alarms, 193; loss of 'buildings by fire, $223,423; loss on stock, $l,o59,603 ; number of persons who lost their lives by fires, 13. MarkeU, etc. — There are 14 principal markets, the build- ings of which occupy large areas of ground, but aro utterly unworthy of the city, oeeupyiri*g real estate, valued in 1851 at $1,109,000. Of these, the largest and most im- portant is Washington Market, in Washington Street, front- ing on the Hudson Eiver. Its business is chiefly whole- sale, and more extensive than any other in the United States. The followin; aggregate yearly sales are approximate estimates of ita Poultry trade .... $1 .000,000 ., 17,500,000 .; l.OOO.OOO 15,000 ,$2S',452.000. Meal trade $5,000,000 Fruit " 2,300,000 Vegetable " Butter " 430,000 Egg " Honey " 9.000 Nut " Fish " 643,000 Total yearly sales of all kinds of produce The other markets are more occupied with the retaU trade. The following statistics of the cattle trade, for the years 1351 and '52, give only an approximate statement of the consumption of meat in the city. Sales of beeves, etc., in the New York cattle market, in 1S51 and '52 ; Tntal Cfiwpnnd Slieep aiiJ Sales. Beeves. Calves. I.mnljs. 1S51 88^994 5,4'i6 264,200 1S52 105,225 5,6SS 823,000 /.nT7W^s.— Total number of licensed omnibuses, Feb. 1, 1S50, 425, paying $7,630 ; number of same in 1352,. 30 lines, having a full number of 800 stageg, of which 445 licenses pay $12,330; total number of licensed hacks in 1350,431, paying $fi,133. Of other principal licenst^s, the following i3 a summary for 1S02 : Cartmen, 4,233 ; dirt carts, 1,460 ; pu4>- lie porters, 245. etc. Summary of tavern licenses during 1850-52, the years ending Dec. 31 ; and of liquor Ucenses during 1350-52, the years ending May 1 ; also the number of licenses granted in 1^52, after May 1 ; and the total number of places where rum is sold, as reported by the police : 18S0. 1851. TavemUcenses ..4.52S... .5,047.. ..5.980.... — .... — Liquor " . . 8,986 .... 4,553 .... 6,190 .... 5,796 .... 6,303 City Jiailroacls. — The Fourth Avenue E. R:, belonging to the Harlem P^. R., has been in operation for several years. During 11 hours of the day, cars nm every 7 minutes from the Astor House to Twenty-seventh Street— fare 6 cents. The Sixth Avenue E. E. went into operation on Aug. 11, 1352. Cars are run every 4 minutes for 12 hours of the day, from Vcsey Street to Forty-fourth Street — fare 5 cents. Aq immense number of persons, averaging, in 1S52, over 10,000 daily, use these cars, as also those of Eighth Avenue E. E.' The receipts from its opening to Dec. 1, 1852, were $40,451. The Eighth Avenue R. E.went intooperalion 31st Aug.. 1S52. The cars run every 4 minutes during the greater part of the day and evenings, from Vesey to Fifty-first streets— fare 5 cents. The daily nimiber of passengers, in 1352, averaged, over 11.000. The receipts of the road, from its opening, during the year 1852 (4 months 1 day) were $59,500. In 1S53, branches of the above roads are extended through Canal Street to Broadway. Other avenue railroads are in rapid construction, of which the principal are on tho Second and Ninth avenues, extending to the lower part of the city. Benevolent Institidion^.—The charitable institutions, not under the charge of the city corporation, but established and sustained by the sjTnpathetic liberality of associations and the citizens, are highly creditable to the character of New York. Of these, the New York Hospital, in Broad- way, opposite Pearl Street, is among the principal. It was 587 After M;iy I. 1*^62. I85i. SolJ. • • NEW founded in 1771. It consists of 3 large stone edifices, finely located in a beiiutiful, spacious janl, very commodious, and well fitted up. and will accommodate 400 patients. It has a large annual revenue, but which is annually expended. The total number of patients admitted from December 31, 1829, to December ^1, 1S52, was 54,076. The number re- maining Deceml>er 31,1851, was SOI ; number of admissions during ls52, 3,448 ; number discharged in 1S52, 3,4u7 ; num- ber remaining Decembtr 31, 1S52, 342. It is the oul> gene- ral hospital of any note in the city. The Bloomingflale Asyhnn for the Insane, located at, Bioomingd^lc, near (he Hudson river, between Tenth and Elevenih avenues, One Hundred and Seventeenth and One Hundred and Twentieth streets, 7 miles from the City Had, is a branch of the New York Hospital, which went into operation in June, 1S21. There are three very large and commodious buildings of hewn stone, with 40 acres of ground beantifiUly laid out into pleasure-grounds, gardens, etc. The Btatistics of this institutJon for the year 1S52 are as follows : Kumber of patients in Asylum Jan. 1, 1852 122 Admitted during the year 102 Discharged " " 87 Died « " IS Number of patients in Asylum Dec. 81, 1852 119 Eeceipls during the year $31,137 47 Expenditures $3ti,'254 61 Balance in treasury $SS3 86 Value of products of the farm in 1852 $5,261 00 The total number of patients treated since the opening of the Asylum approximates 5,000. The New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb is located l»etwcen Fourth and Fifth avenues, and Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets. 8J miles from the City Hall. The principal edifice, occupied since lS29,'is a very handsome structure, 5 stories high, 110 feet long, and 60 feet wide. The whole number of patients at the institution in 1852 was 303; number discharged during the year, 44; number remaining Dec. 81, 1852, 259; of whom 143 were males and 116 females. These were supported as follows: by the Stale of New York, 162 ; by the city of New York, 16 ; by the State of New Jersey, 13 ; by then- friends, 31 ; by the Institution. IG; by the Commissioners of Emigration, 1. Expenses in 1852, $43,000 ; receipts, $41,000. Tlie Institution for the Blind, on Ninth Avenue, Thirty- third and Thirty-fourth streets, is a large and splendid edifice of granite, in Gothic style, and one of the finest orna- ments of the city. The total number of inmates during 1852 was 150 ; number remaining Dec. 31. 1S52, 103. Orphan Asylums. — The New York Orphan Asylum, situ- ated at Bloom ing'l ale, near Hudson river, on Seventy-first Street, 4J m. from City Hall, is a handsome building of stone, in Gothic style, 120 by 60 feet, connected with 9 acres •of ground, and contains several hundred children. The Protestant Half-Orplian Asylum is in Sixth Avenue, be- tween Tenth and Eleventh streets. The Colored Orphan Asylum, on Fifth Avenue, between Forty -second and Forty- third streets, is a large institution in .flourishing condition. Number of children Jan. 1, 1852, 201 ; admitted in 1852, 5T; remaining Dec. 31,1862. 207— boys, 130; girls. 77; total number admitted since opening of the asylum, 631; receipts and expenses during 1852, each about $16,000. The Eomau Catholic Orphan Asylum, in Prince Street, near the Cathe- dral, is a very large institution, under charge of the Sisters of Charity. On Dee. 31, 1S52, it contained about 700 chil- dren— 300 girls and 400 boys. Expenses of the year, $25,000. Other asylums are, th« Home for Aged Indigent Females, having, in 1S52, 87 inmates; expenses and receipts in same year, about $4,000. Asylum for Lying-in Women, wliich, in 1852, accommodated 141 women in confinement, etc; the Colored Home, Magdalen, Friendless Boys, and others. There are five dispensaries, which annually afford medi- cal aid to vast numbers of the population. Of these the fiSS t NEW New York Dispensary was established in 1790. the Northern in 1S27, tlie Eastern in 1S30, the Demill in ISSl, the North- western ill 1S52. The aggregate applications to thy -flrat three, in 1852, for medical aid, was 79,379 ; number of vao cinalions, 6.S16. Institutions for Seamen. — On Staten Island are three large and most excellent institutions for seamen ; viz., the Marine Hospital at Tompkinsvilte, near the Qu.iranline ground, consisting of 3 buildings; the Seaman's Uelreat; and the Sailor's Snug Hart)or, on the N. siT. . .4Si..3T5. . .1,468 2,42T The populaliim of the city has doubled, since 1G06, niite times, or in each average period of 21 J years; since 1790,.;^;^/' times, or in each 15 years ; since 1600, three limes, or in each average period of lli| years. Comparison of the growth of the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore, since 1790; Three N. y*.iper Bnlt. 13.503.. 74,r](il 44.7 2G.514..1:!1,S16 4S.9 46,4.55.. 192,915 50.0 62.785.. 243.1:33 61.0 80,620.. 330,973 61.2 rears. N. York. ' Fliil.rd. Boston. 1790.. S3.1.A.. 42,620.. 1S.03S.. ISOO.. 60,489.. 81,005.. 24,297.. 1810.- 96.373.. 111.210.. 85,260.. 1820. .123,706- .137,097. . 43.298. . 1880- -202,5S9- -188,961 - - 61,392- . 1840- .812,710. .258.037. . 93,883. .102,513. .453,933 68.9 1S50- .515,607. -408,815. .133,733- .139,048. .734,734 70.2 By the census of 1S50, New York exceeds in population fourteen of the Slates of the Union. MorUiUty. — The annual ratio of deaths to the population has for several years been 3 per cent., which large propor- tion is to be attributed in a very great degree to the foreign Immigration, the alms-houses, etc, and not to the natural unhealthiness of the cily. Wealth. — The following statements exhibit the valuation of property in the city from 1800 to 1S62 inclusive. The first statement exliibits tlie total valuation until 1826; the second table, from 1825-52 inclusive, distinguishes each class of estate : Totjl TearB. Valuation. 1300 $24.4S0..370 1305 25,f45.S67 1306 26.529,630 1807 24,959.956 1808 25,113,720 1309 24,732.267 ISIO 26.4.36,370 ISll 26,046,730 1812 26,343,040 1813 27,640,230 1814 32.901,497 Years, 1815 . 1816 . 1817 . 1818 . 1819 . 1820 . 1321 . 1832 . 1823 . 1834 . .--$31,636-042 ... 82,074,301 ... 78,395,725 ... 80,24.5,091 ,.. 70,11.3,061 ... 69..530,7,53 ... 68.232,070 ... 71.289.144 ... 70,940,830 ... S3,075,670 Years. 1825. . . 1826... 1827... 1823... 1839... 1830... 18:31... Re.il F-t..te. $58,4;!5.395 .. 64.912,3.51 .. 72.617.770 . , 77,1."!9,SS0 . . 76,.531.390 . . 87,003.530 .. 97.221,370-. 1332 104,042,406 .. 183.3 114,129,661 .. 1834 123,249.280 .. 13-36 143,732,453 .. 1836 2-33.743.303 . . 18D7 194,4.50.109 .. 1S38 194-513.359 .. 18-39 196,773,434 .. 1840 137,121.461 .. 1S41 186,347,246 .. 1842 176.512,843 ., 1843 1G4,9.50,.515 , ISH. 171,936,591 ., 1S4.5 177.100,790 . 1846'. ia.430.954 .. 1847 137,31 4..336 . 1843 19:3.027.576 . 1849 197.761.919 . 1350 207,146,173 ., 1851 227,013.^56 , J352 252,186,758 ., Personil Esr.nte. .. $42,734,1.31 .. .. 42.5:34.0:31 .. .. 3!l,.5n4,1.56 . . . , 80.379,658 . . ,. 86,084,1.36.. . 37.634,938 . . . . 43,063,844 . . , . 42,260,313 . . . . 52,36.5,636 . . .. 63,299,331,. .. 74,931.378. . . 75.7.58,017 . . .. 67,297,241 .. 69,609,533 .. . . 70,014.796 . . .. 65,721,099 .. .. 66,430.456.. .. 61,294,.559 .. .. 63,046,576 .. .. 64,02.3,456.. .. 62,777.523.. .. 61,471.571 .. . . 59,&37,91T . . .. 61.164,451 .. . . 68,45,5,174 . . . . 79,9:39,240 . . . . 93,094,602 .. 98,520,043 Total. ..$101.1611.046 .. 107.477,731 .. 113 311.926 .. 114,019,533 .. 112.616,1136 .. 136,388,613 .. 130,230,214 .. 146,302,618 .. 166,495.187 .. 186.548.611 .. 213,723.703 .. 309.601,920 . 263.747,350 . 2tM,l 62,941 . 206,739.230 . 2,52,343,103 . 251,777,703 . 237,800,901 . 227.997,091 . 235,060,047 ,. 239,933,318 ,. 344,962,505 ,. 247,153.306 ,. 354,103,027 .. 256.217,093 280,0^6.416 .. 320.103.368 .. 361,706,796 Tho amount of wcallli per head at the different periods named, has been as follows: 1300 $404 80} I 1830 $613 4SH ISIO 274 31i 1S40 806 41 1820 663 06 |lS50.... 554 99J In 1350, 2 estates were a-'-iessed for over $1,000,000. Ex- clusive of incorporated companies, 7 estates were assessed on $500,000 and upward. The several properties above $17,600 were ; Amount,. j.^.^-^,' A„,o„„„. $500,000 to $1,000,000, ... 7 $70,000 to $30,000 400,000" 500,000.... 3 60.000" 70,000 400,000,... 34 300,000..., 58 200,000,... 223 100,000.... 43 90,000.... 64 300,000 " 200,000 " 100,000 " 90,000 " 80,000 " The proportionate increase of population and wealtli in New York, in each consecutive period of 10 years, siuce 1300, is as follows ; Irnrease. Inrrease. 60,000 ' 50,000 ' 40,000 ' 80,000 ' 20,000 ' 17,600 ' 109 00,000 195 60,000 271 40,000 445 3fl,000 957 20,000 773 Yeara. Pop. lSOO-10 35,334 ... 1810-30 27,-333 ... 1320--30 78,383 ... 13:30-40 110,121 ... 1840-60 203,3:35 ... I'fip. Weallli per tent. per cent. $1,950,000 , .. 69 . 8 43,094.:;33 . ., 23i, ... 163 ■56,75;.T06 . .- 64 . .. SO 137.6.54,(^5 . .. 54 . .. 102 33,242,253 . .. 65 . ... IS (261,599,046 . . . 862 . ...1,168 lSOO-50 455,056 .... $261,599,046 ITlMoncnl S^etcJi. — The history of New Tnrk city is lUreclIy divideil into Ihrce periixls, durinj; which it ha3 belonged la ihe lliree governments, Holland, Enijhind, and the State of New York. viz.. 1609-1664, 1G64-1TS3, 1TS3-1S53. Dutch period : Sept. 3, 1609, ITendrik Hudson discovered the ishiiid ; 1613, the settlement of '• Xcw Amsterdam" was commenced ; 16"21, the Dutch West India Company com- menced operations; 1626, the island was purchased for $24; 1652, New Amsterdam was incorporated, and the govern- ment passed from the West India Company into the hands of 2 burgomasters and 5 assistants called schepens, and 1 schout or sheViff; Sept., 1C64, the English took the province. English period : 1664, name changed to New York ; July, 1673, retaken by the Duteli and called "New Orange," and held by them 1 year ; 16S6, Jamea II. abolished the repre- sentative system, etc.; 16S9, Leisler insurrection; 1690, a colonial congress assembled here; Nov., 1G96, city lighted by ordinance; 1711, slave market established in "Wall Street; 1720, 2 per cent, laid on European imports; 1725, *' New York Gazette" appeared; 1730, enlarged charter granted by Gov. Montgomerie ; 1732, stage routes eslaHished to Cost.in and Philadelphia, traversed once a month ; Sept, 21, 1776, 403 houses consumed by tire, i of whole city; 1741-2, "Negro plot" and yellow fever; 1765, a colonial congress assembled here; 177G-17s3, Revolution; Nov. 25, 1783, evacuation of British army and end of English rule American period: April 3'», 17S9, Wasliington mangur- ated first president at Federal Hall, on site of present custom-house ; 179S, yellow fever. 2,0S6 deaths, which re- turned in 1S03 and in 1305, and again in 1S22 ; 1S07, Fulton's Ble.amboat on Hudson river; 1511. large fire; lS12-15,'war with Great Britain, which suspended all commerce; 1S2G, Erie Canal completed and great celebration; 1S32, Asiatic Choler.i — 1.360 deaths; Dec. 16, 1S35, conflagration of 643 buildings, total loss $25,000,000 ; 1837, commercial revulsion ; Oct. 14, lS42,eeIebr.ition of completion of Croton Aqueduct; 1^5, conflagralion of 546 buildings— loss $6,00n,000; 1S49, cholera: 1S50, Collins' Steamers to Liverpool; May, 1S51, Erie K. K- completed to Dunkirk ; 1S52, avenue railroads ; 1 S53. success of the Ericsaoa Caloric Steamship ; city charter reformed. 589 « * NEW The environs of the city, though physically separated, nnd of themselves hirgc cities (separately described in their alphabetical order), are, to all intents and purposes, part of the metropolis, originating from, and dependent upon, its prosperity. See Bkooklvn, Willia-Msduro, etc. or the entire melropcditan district, now the first in the New World, it may auramarily bo said, that the past is Indicative of its lUuirc, promising to increiise witli each succeeding year its permanent prosperity, until it surpasses all cities, ancient and modern. ^ • New York, p. v., Sumter county, Ala. : 116 miles w. Montgomery. New Tock (of the Pacific), p. v.. Contra Costa county, Call/. : 26 m. E. by S. Vallejo, at junction of :iacramento and San Joaquin rivers, which here form the bay of Suisun. Vessels of large size can go up fVom the sea to this point. New York; p. o., Montgomery co.. Teun, : 40 m. N. W. Nashville. New Y'ork Mills, p. v., Oneida county, iV. Y. : 90 m. W. N. W. AUiany, on Sadaquada er.. 2 m. S. Whileeboro', noted for its extensive cotton factories, etc. Ney, p. o.. Defiance co., O/do: 120 m. N. W. Columbus. Nev, p. o., De Kalb CO., Ul. : 163 m. N. by E. Springfield. NiAOABi county, N. Y. Situate W., and contains 4S4 Bq. m. Drained by Tonawanda, Tuscjirora, Johnson's, Howell's, and Cavuga creeks. Surface various, rising in gradual swells from the N. to the ridgo in the interior of the county, and thence declining gently lowiird Tonawanda cr. —in general it may be said to be level; soil fertile and easy of liUa-'e, but best suited for pasturage— in some portions it is productive in grain, fruits, etc. CTiief productions wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes ; it is .also a fine dairy county. It * contains nianv minerals and abounds in fossils ; it also has some sulphur springs. This county, in connection with Niagara district of Canada, contains the celebrated cataract of Niagara. Farms 8,14.3; raanuf. -336; dwell. 7,4-35, and pop -wh. 41.973, fr. col. 301-total 42.274. CuiMal : Loclc- port. I'lMic lIo,*.s.- Eoehesler, Lock-port, and Niagara Falls E. n. ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls It. R. : Buffalo and Lockport i;. li. ; Canandaigua and Niiigara Falls E. E. ; Erie Canal, etc. NiAOAEi. t., Niagara co., 2f: Y. : on E. side of Niagara r., 270 m. W. bv N. Albany. Tliis t. is situated on the Mount- ain Eidge, and declines toward the S. SurlVice undulating ; soil calcareous gravelly loam, underlaid by lime and gyp- stim. Drained by a few small streams, and orf its \V. side by Niagara river. Attached to this t. arc Goal Island, and oUier islands, and the American division of Niagara FaUs. Fop. of 1. 1.951. NiAOvui river and falls, JK F. ; this river, connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is 86 m. long, and its general course N N W. Commencing at Bufi-aio, it is there J m. wide from 40 to CO feet deep, and flows with a current of 4 m per hour. Three miles below Buffalo, at Black Itock, it furnishes water to the Erie Canal, by the St-ate pier built in the channel, upward of a mile in length, 50 feet wa^e at its base, 30 feet wide at its top, and cost $300,000 From Black Rock is a steam ferry to tVaterloo. Canada. The river now craduallv widens in its descent toward Grand Isl- and, which it meets C m. below Bnflalo. and passes with Us main channel on the W. side. Grand Island is 13 m. long, in its widest part 6 m. wide, contains 17,351 acres, belongs to New York etc. (.S« GUAKD island.) Below Grand Isl- and, in the mail, channel, near the Canadian side, is Navy Island, conlainhig 304 acres, which lK.longs to Canada, an,l was occupied by the insurgent, in 1S.3T-S, under Maekenr.ie. Having pas-sod lh.se islands, 8 m. above the falls, the rrapiu Bridge, extending from rook to rock, there has been erected a stone tower, 46' feet high ; upon its top is an open wooden gallery, whence is afforded a direct view of the abyss below. From the front of Goat Island there is a descent (ISo feet) to the bottom of the falls by a covered staircase (erected by the late Nichohas Biddle, Esq.. of Philadelphia). From the foot of this staircase there are paths for some distance behind each of the falls. Behind the Central Fall is the celebrated Cave of the Winds, formed by a recess in the wall of the precipice, 153 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 100 feet high. The best and most comprehensive view of the entire falls is obtained on the Canada side at Table Rock. On the American side a descent Is afforded by cars on an inclined plane to the shore below, whence a steam ferry boat named Maid of the Mist, plies over these foaming depths near the falls, to the Canada side, where a winding carriage road is constructed to the heights above. The width of the river is here } mile, nnd its depth 250 feet. The banks of the river below the falls have a craduul ascent for 6 m., from which, and other hicts, many' suppose that the falls have, in the course of ages, receded from below to their present position. A mile and a half from the falls is the wire suspension bridge, 800 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 230 feel above the water. It is supported by 16 wire cables, 1.100 feel long, and upward of 12 inches in circumference, having a strength equal to 6,.500 tons tension strain. The Whirlpool, 8 m. bo luw the falls, is produced by the projection of a rocky pro- montorv, and in it" logs and trees are frequently whirled aroumlVor weeks in succession. One mile below this whirl- pool is an excavation fr.im the side of the bank, containing about ! acres, and 150 feet deep, called the Devil's Hole. The river, in its d-sccnt to Lcwistoii, 7 m., falls 104 feet, .ind flows with great velocity. Near Lewiston the bank is 810 feet high, but below il diminishes to 25 or 30 feet, and NIA NOA holds Ihis height to Lake -Ontario. Tbe river falls 2 feet in Its descent from Lewiston to Lake Ontnrio, a distance of 7 m., making a total descent nf 3S4 feet in its course uf 86 m. from Lake Krie to Lake Oniario. At its moutli it is defended on the American side by Fort Niagara, lumims in history, and garrisoned by U. S. artillery, and un the Cana- dian side by'Fort Georgi-. Here also is Fort Niagara Ligbt- ' house. 5f-, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : on a branch of eiiarlier's creek, 170 m. W. Harrisburg, 10 m, 8. W. Pittsburg. NoBLl':s^^LLE, p. v., sta., and cap. Hamilton co., liuh: on E. bank of W. fork of While r., 20 ra. E. N. E. Indianapolis, on the Peru and Indianapolis R. K. Tt contains the court- house, a fine county seminary, several hotels, and numer- ous stores, four churches. " The Plaindealer" (neuL) is published weekly. Pop. CGS. NoBsccE Point Licht, Mass. See Light-houses. NocirwAY, p. o., Kandolph county, Ga. : 136 miles S. "W. Milledgeville. NoDAWAV county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 720 eq. m. Drained by LitUe Platte r. and its branches, tribu- taries of the Missouri river. Surface generally even ; soil a deep, dark loam, and fertile. It has some good timber. Farms 241 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 325, and pop.— wh. 2,048, fr. col. 0, si. 70— total 2,11 S. Capitul: Nodaway C. H. Nodaway, p. 0., Page co,, Ja. : 200 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. NoDAWAT, p. v., Andrew county, Mo,: 180 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. NoDAWAT river, hi. and Mo. : rises in Adair co., Mo., flows S. through Adams and Page counties ; then passing into N. W. corner of Mo., falls into the Missouri r. between Holt and Andrew counties. Noel's, sta., Hanover co., Virg. : ou Virginia Central E. E., 83 m. from liichmond. NoKAY river, Benton co., Minn.: rises in a chain of lakes, flows S. W., and empties into Mississippi r. at Fort Gaines. Noland's river, Navarro co., Tex. : rises in the Cross Timbers, flows mainly in S. direction, and enters Brazos r. above Fort Graham. Noland's Fkeby, p. o., Loudon couuty, Vlrg. : 112 m. N. Eichmond. NoLANSTiLLB, p. o,, BcU CO., Tfep. .* OH Nolaud's cr. of Leon r., 62 m. N. by E. Austin City. NoLENsviLLE, p. V., WilUamson co., Term. : IS m. S. E. Nashville. NoLicuL'CKT river, X Car. and Tenn.: rises in Yancey CO., N. Car., flows W. through the Blue Eidge, and enters French Broad r., S m. N. W. Newport. Noun, p. v., llardin co., Ky. ; 93 m. S. W. Frankfort. 592 NoLiN creek, A'y. ; rises in llardin and La Ete counlie.s flows S. W., forming the boundary belwt-en Grayson and Hart counties, and empties into Green r. near Brownsville, Edraondson county. No Man's Land island. Dukes co., Mt. : lies off S. "W. end of Manila's Vinc.vard, 4 m. 5. Gay Head. It consiata chiefly of a nia^s of ruckit. • NoMiNY Grove, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virff.: 51 m. ■ N. E. Eichmontt Nun Conner, p. c, Fayette co., Tenn, : 156 m. W. B. W. Nashville. NoNPAHEiL, p. 0., Knox cotmty, Ofaw: 36 miles N. E, Columbus. Norfolk county. Mam. Situate E., and contains 350 aq. m. Drained by the Charles and Neponsett rivers and their affluents. Surface uneven, and in paris rocky ; soU generally fertile and well cultivated. In Quincy a fine granite quarry is found, the products of which are carried down to the Neponsett r. by a railroad 3 m. long, the first built in the United States. This co. has many important manufactures. Farms 2,63T; manuf. 900; dwell. 12.545, and pop.— wh. 7S,6G1, fr. col. 231— total 78,S92. CapiUd: Dedham. PtiUic Works: Norfolk County E. E. ; Old Colony E. E. ; Boston and Providence E. E. ; Fall Eivcr E. E. ; Boston and Worcester E. E. ; South Shore U. E. ; and numeroifi branches, also the New York, New Haven, and Boston (air line) E. E., now in progress. NoEFOLK county, Mrg. Situate S. E., and contains 432 sq, m. Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rii'ers. Su> face level; soil moderately fertile. Indian com is the chief agricultural product. It contains the greater portion of the Dismal Swamp. Commerce is by far the greatest interest of the county. Farms C43; mauuf. 175; dwell. 3,906, and pop,_wh. 20,370, .fr. col. 2,206, si. 10,400— total 33,036. Capital: Norfolk City. Public Works: Sea-board and Eoanoke E. E. ; Petersburg and Norfolk E. E. ; Dismal Swamp Canal, etc. Norfolk, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 36 m. W. N. "W. Hartford. Surface of t. raounUiinous ; soil grav- elly loam, and stony. Drained by Blackberry river and branches. Contains several mills, tanneries, and factories. Pop. 1,641. NottFoLU, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2^. T. : on Eackel r., 163 m. N. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating; soil rich loam. The v. is situated at a fall in the river which aflbrds great water-power, used by several mills, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,753. NoiiFOLK, p. b., port of entry, and cap. Norfolk county, Virg. : on the N. E. bank of Elizabeth r., at the ennfluence of its two branches, 8 m. above Haniplou Eoads, 33 m. from the ocean ; 80 ra. S. E. by E. Eichmond. Lat. N. 860 50' 50"; long. W. 76^ IS' 47". This is the chief com- mercial port in Virginia, and is remarkable for its harbor, which is very accessible, spacious, and deep enough for the largest vessels. Its site is on low and marshy ground, and formerly unhealthy, but is now provi^led with sewers, and kept clean. The streets are generally irregular, though some are wide, straight, and neat. The houses are not re- markable for elegance, but many of them are substantial buildings. It contains a court-house, jail, fine market-house, custom-house, an athenreum, with a library, academy, orphan asylum. 8 banks— capital $991,000, some good hotels, and 8 churches. The cemetery, ornamented wilh cypress trees, is very iieaulifully laid out and adorned. Norfolk is eliiefly dis- tinguished as being the princip.al naval ir^tation in llu' United States, having the finest navy yard, dry dock, and naval liospital in the natioiL The na^-y yard is on the ^y. side of the r. at'Gosport. The dry dock is constructed of hewn granite, and cost 1^974,536. At this station is the ship Penn- sylvania, built at Philadelphia, and lautiebed in 1S37. r>ur- decker, tlie largest in the navy, mounting 120 guns, which is here uscti as a reroiving ship. The hospital is on a point directly opposite Norfolk, very large, commodious, and NOR NOR honllhity siluatoil. A ii:ival officer is stationed at this port. The total toiinnge of Norfulk district on SOth June, 1S50, ■was 24.135 tons, of which 10,542 were registered, 13.n93 wore enrolled and licensed. Of registered tonnage 3,144 tons were pemuuienL, and 7,893 tons temporary. Of the enrolled and licenced tonnage l'2.ool were permanently employed in the coasting trade ; 1,354 tons were propelled by steam ; 1,242 tons were licensed under 20 tons. During the year ending June v30, ISoO, the total number of clear- anres for fort-ign counlrics was 140, tons 26,7G5. men in orewsl.lGS; total number of entrances from foreign coun- tries 74, tons 14,281, tnen in crews 6S4. Vessels built during the year 6, tolal tonnage, 60S. Norfolk is connected by the Sea-board and Iloauoko K. R. (from Portsmouth to WeUlou, * N. C, 80 m.), Willi the great line of li. R. on the Atlantic coast. A railroad from Petersburg to Norfolk is in construc- tion. A line of stt'.imships plies semi-weekly to New York. Four; daily newspapers are published at Norfolk: "Bea- con." (ntut.), " Argus'' (deni.), '• Courier" (neut), " N. and P. Herald" (whig). Eacli of these issue ti*i-weekly editions. Pop. in 1S40, 10,920; in 1S50, 14.320. NoEMANSKiLL. A^. T. .' riscs in Schenectady oo., flows S. E. through Albany co., and empties into Iludsou r. at Belhhhem. NoRKiTiGEWocK, t, p. V., and cap. Somerset co., Me. : on Kennebec r., 2S m. N. Augusta. The v. on the N. bank rf the r. in the bend is very pleasant, having broad streets lined with fine trees; contains the co. buildings, church, and academy. A bridge across the r. connects it with S. Norridgewock. Tliis t. Is noted in history as the seat of the Norridgewock Indians, and for a French Jesuit mission. Pop. 1,S4S. NoRKB Creek, p. o,, Lincoln co., Tenn. : 66 m. S. by E. Nashville. NoEEisTowx, p. v., Pope CO., Arl\: on N. bank of Arkansas r., 60 m. N. W. Little Rook. NoERtSTOWN, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: 102 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Nop-F.isTowx, t., p. h., and cap. Montsomerv co., Peiin. : on N. bank of Schuylkill r., SO ra. E. Harrisburg. Surface of t. level: soil red shale, and fertile. The Schuylkill has here been dammed so as to create an immense water- power, and is used by extcu'^ive manufacturing establish- ments. A fine bridge here spans the Schuylkill, which cost 182.000. The Norristown and Philadelphia R. E. connect these places 17 m. distant. On the opposite side of the river passes the Philadelphia and Reading R. E. TTero also are the locks of the tL-huylkill Navigation Co., around which and the railroad dep6t is a small vill.age. NoRRFTosTiLLE, p. V., Montgomery co., Fenn, .• S4 m. E. Harrisburg. North river, St John's co., Flo7\ : a small stream run- ning parallel with the Atlantic coast, emptying into St Augustine harbor. Nor.ni Acrox, p. o., York comity, Me.: 63 m. S. "W. Augusta. NoR-ni Adams, p. t. and sta,, Berkshire co., Mass.: on Iloosac r., lOS m. W. N. W. Boston. Here terminates the N. Adams and PittsSeld R. R., 20 m. from Pittsfield. It contains 3 churches ; 1 bank, capital $155,000; and numer- ous factories moved by water-power from Hoosac r. Tho principal manufactures are cotton goods and woolens. The Troy and Boston K. R. will pass through this place. North Adams, p. o., JefTtTson county, y. F. ; 146 m. N. "W. by W. Albany. North Adajis, p. o., Hillsdale county, Jiflch. : 56 m. 8. Lansing. North Adeian, p. v., Lenaweo co., Mich. : 6Q m. S. S. E. Lansing. North Albany, p. c, Oxford co., Me. : on Crooked r., 61 m. 'W. Augusta. North Almo>1), p. o., Alleghany co.» 27: Y.: 27S m. W. by S. Albanr. 3S North Amherst, p. v.. Hampsliire co., J/.f.w.; 70 m, W. Boston ; contains several stores and manufiictories. Noi'.tuampton county. A' Cur. Situat j \. iC. and con- tains 4S0 sq. m. I>ramed by branches of Meherrin r. in the N. E., and of Roanoke in S. W., which rivers lorm ita bound- aries in the dirrolious indicated. Surface even and diversi- fied ; soil very fertile, and there is some good pasture land. Cotton, Indian corn, and tobacco are the chief iiroduetioiis. Farms 614; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,341, and p<.p,— wh. 5,;i04, fr. col. S30, si. 6,511— total 13,335. Capital; Jackson! J'tiUic Wor/cs : Petersburg K. R. ; Sea-board and Roan- oke R. It. ; Greenville and Ro.anoke R. R., trte. Northampton county, Perm. Situate E., and contains 41S sq. in. Drained by Lehigh river and other small streams, tributaries of the Delaware. Surface uneven and hilly, and is pleasantly diversified with fertile valleys ; soil exceedingly fertile, and i)roduces large crops of wheat, Indian corn, potatoes, etc. Pine and other timber is foun«l on the land, lis manufactures are extensive, and great attention is paid to agriculture. Farms 2,102 ; manuf. 424 : dwell. G,S3C. and pop.— wh. 40.099. fr. col. 136— total 4*1.235. Capital: I'Jasion. Public Works : several railroads from Easlon west- ward are projected. Northampton county, Virff. Situate S. on the eastern shore, and contains 410 sq. m. Drained by numerous small creeks falling into Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Surface low and level; soil generally fertile. Chief produc- tions, Indian corn and potatoes. Farms 376; manuf. 11: dwell. 693, and pop.— wh. 3,105, fr. col. T45, si. 3,Gl^— loUil 7,493. Capital: Eastville NoRTHAMi'TON, Pcoria CO., PI. .' 77 m. N. Springfield. Northampton, t, p. v., and cap. Hampshiret co., J/a-ss.; on W. bank of Connecticut r., SI m. W. Boston. Lat. N. 4^^ 10' 9", long. W. 720 S3' 15". Surface of t pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile and well cultivated. The scenery of this t is celebrated as among the most beautiful in New England. The v. is irregularly but handsomely laid out, and contains many handsome dwellings and grounds. The public county buildings are handsome, sub- stantial structures. There are 2 banks, with cap. of $400,000. A fine stream, passing through the centre of the t, affords gooii water-power to several manufactories of cotton goods, sewing silk and ribbons, woolen goods, etc. On an eleva- tion W. of the v., called Round Hill, is an extensive w.atcr- cure establishment. A fine bridge, 1,0S0 feet long, crosses the Connecticut r. to Hadley. Mount Tom, in this t, 1,214 feet iiigh, and Mount Holyoke, on E. side of the r., S30 feet high, are much visited for the deliirhtful prospects alTonled of Connecticut valley. The "Hampshire G.azettc" (whig) and " N. Courier'' (fr. soil) are published weekly. Churches in t. 8. The Connecticut River R. R. passes through the v., 17 m. from Springfield. Pop. in 1S30, 3,613 : in 1S40, 3,750 ; in 1S50, 5.27'^. Northampton, t and p. o.. Saginaw co., MicTi. : on the Shiawa'yiee r., 36 m. N. E. byN. Lansing. Pop. 122. Northampton, t and p. o., Fulton co.. y. Y. : on Sacan- daga r., 3-> ni. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface of L mostly level ; soil sandy loam, of good quaUty, and well watered. Pop. 1,701. North Andotee, p. v. and sta., Essex county, Mas'). : on Great Pond, a small lake, emptying into Merrimac river, 26 m. N. by "W. Boston. The Boston and Maine R. R. and the Essex E. R. pass through this v. Great Pond covers nearly 500 acres; its outlet affords water-power. North Anson, t and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : on W. aide of Kennebec r., and intersected by Seven Mile brook, 33 m. N. by "SV. Augusta. Pop. of 1 1,16S. North Appi-eton, p. c, Waldo county, Me, : 27 m. E. Augusta. North Aec.yt.e, p. o., 'Washington CO., iV. T. : on Moses kill, 44 m. N. N. E. Albany. North AsuBtTRNUAM. sta., "Worcester county, Mass.: on Cheshire R. E., 13 ra. from Fitehburg. 6^8 NOR NOR North Ashford, p. v., 'Wmdham county, Conn. : 23 m. E. by N. Hartford. NoETH Attleboko', p. T., Bristol county, 3fass. : 80 m. S. 8. W. Boston. Here are several manufactories. NoETii ApBrEN, p. o,, Cumberland co., Me.: on W. side of Androscoggin r., 2T m. S. W. Augusta. NoETU Augusta, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on N. bank of ^kunk r., 63 m. 3. by K. Iowa Cily. North B.ingok, p. o., Penobscot co., 3fe. : on "W. side of Penobscot r., 66 m. N. E. by E. Augusta. ^ North Bangoe, p. o., Franklin county, Jf. Y.: 154 m. N. by W. Albany. NoETH Barnstead, p. 0., Eclknap co., y. ITump. : 13 m. N. E. Concord. North Barrisgton, p. o., Strafford county, N. JTamp. : 23 ra. E. Concord. NoETtt Bay, p. o., Oneida CO., I^. Y.: 112 m. W. N. W. Albany. North Beckett, p. t. and sta., Berkshire county, Mass. : 105 miles W. Boston, on Western Itailroad, 37 miles from Springfldd. North Belgrade, p. v. and sta., Kennebec co., 3fe. : on W. sid5 of Snow's pond, 12 m. N. Augusta. The An- droscoggin and Kennebec E. K. passes througb tbe v., 10 m. from "Waterville. North Belleville, p. v. and sta., Hendricks co., Ind. : 19 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis, on Terre Haute and Kich- mond R. R. North Belmont, p. o., Waldo co.. Me. : 82 m. E. by N. Augusta. Noeth Belttngham, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass.: 27 m. B W. by S. Boston. NoETu Bend, p. v., De Kalb CO., Ala. : on E. side of Wills cr., 144 m. N. by E. Montgomery. North Bend, p. o.. Stark co., Iml. : on Tippecanoe r., at its greatest bend, 9S m. N, by W. Indianapolis. NoRTn Bend, p. v., Piatt county. III. : 67 m. E. N. E. Bpringfi'-ld. North Bennington, p. v. and sta., Bennington co., Verm. : 104 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Hero the Western Vermont E. R. connects with the Troy and Bennington R. E. Tbe T. contains woolen, cotton, and hardware factories. North Benton, p. c, Mahoning co., Ohio: 130 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. North Bentonbport, Des Moines co., Jcr, ,• onN. bank of Des Moines r., 65 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. Nor.TH Bergen, p. o., Genesee co., 2^. T. : 223 m. W. by N. Albany. North Bernardstown, p. v., Franklin co., Masai. : 81 m. W. by N. Boston. The Connecticut Kiver E. E. passes through the t., 42 ra. from Springfield. North Ber'wiok, t, p. v., and sta., York co., Me. : 83 m. 8. W. by S. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Salmon r. The Portland, Saco, and Tortsmouth R. R. passes through the v., 34 m. from Portland. Pop. of t, 1,593. NoETu Bethel, p. o., Oxford co.. Me.: on S. bank of Androscoiigin r., 41 m. W. by N. Augusta. North Blackstone, p. o., Worcester <:o., Mass.: 35 m. 8. W. Boston. North Blanfoed, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : 99 m. W. Boston. North Blenheim, p. c, Schoharie co., 2^. T. : on Scho- harie r., 37 m. W. by S. Albany. Noeth Bloomfield, p. v., Ontario county, A^ Y. : 201 m. W. by N. AMiany. North Bloomfield, p. o.. Trumbull co., Ohio: on E. sido of Grand r., 147 m. N. E. Columbus. North Blue Hill, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 63 m. E. by N, Augusta. North Booth Bat, p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : 33 m. S. S. W. Augusta. NoETiiBORorGii, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mif^f.: 31 m, W. Boston. Drained by Assabet river and small affluents. Surface moderately even ; soil fertile and well cultivated. The t. has considerable manufacturi-s. Pop. l,ri;^5. North Boston, p. o., Erie county, 3^. 1'.; 263 m. \V, Albany. North Branch, p. o., Hillsboro' county, Al IZniip.: on North Brancli r., 23 m. W. S. W. ConcOl-d. North Branch, p. o,, BalrimnrK co., Md.: on N. branch of Palapsco r., IG m. W. Baltimore, 86 m. N. W. Annapolis. North Branch, p. o., Somerset co., N. Jer. : on N. branch of Rarilan r., 80 m. N. Trenton. North Blanch, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Y, : 89 m. 8. S. W. Albany. North Branford, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: 9 m. N. E. New Haven. Surface of t hilly and mountain- ous ; soil in S. part fertile. Drained by Farm r. and other streams. Pop. 1,013. NoRTHBttiDGE, t., p. V., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 35 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Blackslone and Mumford rivers and other tributaries, which afford extensive water- power. Surface uneven, and somewhat rocky ; soil fertile and well cultivated, particularly in the intervals of the streams. The Providence and Worcester R. R. passes through the village, 12i m. from Worcester. There aro several extensive manufactories in the t Pop. 2,229. Northbridge Cestee, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 86 m. S. W. Boston. North Bridgeton, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: at N. W. corner of Long Pond, 51 m. W. S. W. Augusta. North Bridgewater, p. o., Oneida county, A^. Y.: SO m. W. by N. Albany. North Beipgewater, t, p. v., and sta., Plymouth county, Mass. : 19 m. S. Boston. Drained by Sidisbury r. Surfaco leviil ; soil generally fertile, and well cultivated. The Fall River R. R. passes through the v. The commercial and manufactaring interests are large. Pop. 3,040. North Broadalein, p. o., Fulton county, J^ Fl; 85 m. N. W. by N. Albany. North Erookfield, t. and p. v., Worcester co., JfoAs. : 43 m. W. Boston. Drained by small streams, with an arti- ficial pond covering nearly SOO acres, for hydraulic power. Siu-face undulating ; soil fertile, and woll cultivated. The manufactures arc considerable. The Western R. R. p.isses through this t. at East Brookfluld, 64 m. from Boston. Pop- ulation 1,939. North Bkooefield, p. o., Madison co., iVI Y. : 84 m. W. by N. Albany. North Brownsville, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 84 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. North BcciisroRT, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : on E; bank of Penobscot r., 55 m. E. N. E. Augusta. North Cambridge, p. o.. Lamoille co., Venn. : on N. side of Lamoille r., 81 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. North Camdeidge, p. o., Washington co., A'l K; 32 m. N. E. by N. Albany. North Camden, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: 95 m. N. N. E. Columbus. North Cameron, p. o., Steuben county, 2^. Y. : 192 m. W. by S. Albany. North Canton, p. v., Hartford CO., Conn.: near Cherry creek. 15 m. N. W. Hartford. THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. North Carolina is situated between the latitudes SS^ 50' and 3flO 30' north, and the longitudes 75^ 2.5' and 84° 80' west from Greenwich, or 1° 87' east, and 7° 2S' west from Washiuglon. It is boimded on the 7iorth by Virginia ; on Ibe east by the Alhmtic Ocean ; on the south by South Carolina and Georgia ; and on the iveU by Teimessoe. Presenliug a broad 594 NORTH CAROLINA. ir'>ut to ihe ocean, it gradually contracts iu its breadth, and terminates Westward in a narrow strip, ita lengtb from east to west is about 4o0 miles, and its breadth in the eastern section from 120 to l^tJ miles, but iu the west diminishing from 90 to 20 miies; and it has an area of 45,000 square miles. The face of the countrj- presents three distinctive physical conditions. The seaward section is a low plain, covered with swamps, and traversed by sluggish sfreams; to this succeeds a belt of undulating country, watered by fresh and rapid streams, and iu many portions variegated by hills and knulls ; and the western section is an elevated table-laml. The maritime section fijrms, as it were, a chaos of land and water. The entire coast is liuL-d by low, narrow, sand islands, broken at intervals, and forming communications between tlie ocean and the lagoons which lie betM^-fn tlie inlands and the main land. South of Cape Lookout these inlets are numerous, and tlie lagoons narrower; nijrlli uf lliat heudJaud the converse obtains. Extensive shoals extend from Ihe shore seaward, and render navigation dangerous and nm-frtairi. and within the lagoons the bars and banks are constantly changing their position. Furious gales, too, are prevalent, so that it is difficult for a skillful pilot to avoid Ihe dangers. Ocrauoke inlet is the only navigable pass north of C'apQ Lookout, and this at low tide, even in the main channel, contains only six feet water, lioanoke inlet, opposite Uk^ island of that name, is now obstructed, but the pass may again be opened. To the northward, between the mainland andNarmw Beach Island, stretching down from Cape Henry, Ues Currituck Sound, 50 miles long, and from 2 Ui 1(1 miles broad. West of this, running inland, is Albemarle Sound, 60 mileslong, and from 5 to 15 broad. Its waters are fresh, and not subject to rise and fall from tibial influences, but they are affected by particular winds. These two sounds communicate with Pamlico Sound, which lies south of Currituck, and is SG miles long, and from 10 to 20 miles wide. Its depth is in general about 20 feet, but shoals abound within it. It opens to the ocean through Ocracoke inlet, and is somewhat influenced by the lides. The capes, formed by the sand islands, are Ihe dread of mariners. Cape Lookout and Cape Fear indicate by iheir names the dangers tliat surround Ihera. But the most formidable headland is Cape Ilatteras, the elbow of a triangular island forming the seaward limit of Pamlico Sound. Its shoals extend a great distance from the land, and render it one of the most ugly projections of the American coast. The whole scries of islands which beset this coast are barren and desolate, entirely useless to agriculture, and are inhabited only by a few hardy flshennen and pilols. From the sea-coast, for a distance of 60 or SO miles, the country is perfectly level, traversed by sluggish and muddy streams, and abounding iu swamps and marshes. The soil, except along the banks of the streams, where it is sometimes fertile, is sandy and barren. The swamps, so numerous in this section, cover an area equal to one-tenth part of the whole Slate. The Great Dismal Swamp, partly in this State, and partly in Virginia, is 30 miles long, and from 10 to 12 mtlca broad, extending over a surface of 100,000 acres. In some places it is densely covered with cedars, pines, and cypress, and in otliers is impervious, on account of tall and rank grasses and undergrowths. In the centre is Drummond Lake, 20 miles in circuit. The soil is covered knee deep with water, and though firminsomeparts, consists chiefly of a soft, yielding bi'g. Similar in its character, and nearly as large, is Alligator or Little Dismal Swamp, on the peninsula between All>emarle and Pamlico sounds. There are otherswamps further south (Catfish, Green, etc.), usually overgrown like those spoken of, and equally impenetrable. Many of these have been drained by canaling, and the recovered laudtj have proved exi'ellent for the cultivation of rice and cotton. Advancing into the country, its physical aspect becomes more and more changed. Immediately beyond the level country, the land begins to rise into small hills, stones appear on the surface, and the streams ripple in their courses. A little further westward, the scene opens in all the variety of hill and dale that belongs to a fertile country. For 40 miles behind the flat region there extends, as far as the lower falls of the rivers, a belt of land, of a surface moderately uneven, with a sandy soil, of which pitch-pine is the natural growth. Above the falls the surface is undulated, and stiil further, l^eyond the Yadkin and Catawba, is an elevated region, funning a part of the great central plau^au or table-land of the Tnited States, and lying 1.000 to 2,000 feet above the sea-level. The peaks of the Blue Kidge of the Alleghauiea, whiih have distinct local appellations, tower high above this. Black Muuntain, the highest cidniiualion cast of the Rocky Mountains, and about 250 feel higher than the loftiest sutnmitof tlie Wliite Mountains of New Hampshire, has au elevation of 6.426 feet ; Itoaa Mountain, the summit of which is a broad meadow, is 6,03S feet high ; Grandfather Mountain is 5,5'>0 feet high, and Table Mountain has an elevation of 3,420 feet above the sea. Mount Ararat or Pilot Mouniaiu, in Surrey County, situated in a comparatively level region, exhibits a striking symmetry of structure ; its form is very nearly that of a cyllnd^'r, and it is ascended by a path in some places nearly perpendicular. The view from its summit is grand and extensive, although its elevation is much inferior to the peaks above named. King's Mountain, another isolated hill, is a ridge extending from Lincoln and Cleaveland counties into York disfrict, in South Carolina, and is celebrated as the site of a battle, fought in ITSO. Between the several mountains in the western part of the State, the soil is productive, and higlily favorable to agricultural operations, aud, being well grassed, forms extensive pastures, on which large herds and flocks find a plentiful subsistence. The rivers of North Carolina, though of goodly dimensions, are not navigable for large vessels. They are, however, well adapted to boat navigation, and in their upper courses supply Immense mechanical power, which at a future day will be extensively used. As a general thing they all have shallow bars, and are frequently interrupted. Many loose them- selves in higoons difBcult of access. The principal river, the course of which lies wholly within the State, is Cape Fear Uiver. It is, moreover, the only large stream that flows directly to the ocean. The primary constituents of this river are the Haw and the Deep, which rise near the northern l)oundary line, and form a junction at Haywood in Chatham County ; it falls over the first ledge in the low country at Averasboro' : at Fayetteville it can be navigated by large boats, and above Wilmington it forms two branches, which reunite below that town, and liencc flows on in a broad, sluggish stream obstructed by sand-bars, and difficult of navigation. These defects, however, have been somewhat remedied IJy diminishing the breadth of Ihe river, and by stopping up the smaller outlets, so that the depth of the main channel, as far as ■\Vihiiiugion, has now from 12 to 13 feet of water. The direction of its flow is south-east, and the length of it.-* course about 2S0 miles. The main entrance to the river^ south of Smith's Island, has a depth of water varj'ing from 10 Uy 14+ feet on the bar. The Chowan and Roanoke rivers flow into Albemarle Sound ; the for[ner, which is formed by the union of the Meherrin and Noilaway, admits of small vessels to Murfreesboro', and the latter is navigable for the Sound craft a distance of 30 miles. Both are navigable for boats to a greater disUmcc— the Roanoke to Weldon, at the foot of the MK 75 miies; anlin;i. flowing lor a considerable diBlunce near and parallel with the coast. The Lumber and Vadkin also pass into that State, in which they are known aa the Little and Great Pedee. The Yadkin is a long river traversing the Slate from near its northern boundary, and is navig- able for boats almost to its source. The Catawba, which rises in the lihie Mountains, also flows into South C;iruHya,and there takea the name of the Waterce. From the western slope of the same mountains flow New Kivers, the Watauga, thS French Broad, the Little Tennessee, amJ the Hiwassee, the waters of which, cutting thruugli Ihe Iron or Smoky Mount- ains, are ultimately carried off, and mingle with those of tlie Ohio and Mississippi, and join the ocean at a distance of 1,500 miles from the outlets of the waters rising from the opposite slope of the Blue Eidge, and emptying into the Atlantic. The geological formation of the State has been scientifically examined by Professor Olmstead. Its mineral resources ai>e extensive, and as valuable. The low country consists of deposits of sand and clay, similar, and belonging to the same ago (tertlaiy) as those of Eastern Virginia and Maryland. These beds contain few minerals, but aboun^ in shell deposits, marl, fossilifcrous limestone, copperas, and bog-iron ore. A ledge of micaceous rocks, seen in the raviuas and river cuttings, forms the line which divides the low from the upper country. West of this there is a belt of mica slate, chlorite slate, gneiss, and granite, and among the minerals of this section are hoematitic iron ores (Na^h and Johnson counties), plumbago (Wake County), and occasionally soapstone and serpentine. This strip is succeeded by a belt of sandstone running south-westerly from Granville across the State. Freestones and grindstones ar» abundant in some parts of the formation, which also contains argillaceous iron ore and some coal measures (Orange, Chatham, etc., counties). Next to this is situate the great slate formation, about 20 miles in breadth, and running in a direttion north- east and south-west across the country. Within this district are also found numerous beds of porphyry, soapstone, ser- pentine, greenstone, and hone or whetstone slate. After the slate formation tliere succeeds next another belt of primary rocks reaching nearly to the Blue Eidge; and in this is comprised the gold region. Iron ore is also found abundantly (Rockingham, Stokes, Surry, and Liucohi counties) chiefly in the form of the magnetic oxide, and has been extensively wrought. The gold region of the Atlantic States is broader and more productive in this State than in any other. The gold is found in superficial deposits or in rook veins. The system of metamori)hic rocks, in which the gold-bearing veins occiu*, have undergone different degrees of ciiange in difft-rcmt localities. While in some parts the original slaty structure is preserved, in others tbe lamination has been partly obliterated, and the texture altered by the evident efTccts of heat In some points there is an intermingling of rocks of the gneissoid characier, with such as still retain the slaty structure. In certain parts the granitic rocks prevail, and there the auriferous veins have various directions apparently wholly irrespect- ive of the general trend of the gold formation. Thus, between the town of Charlotte and the Catawba River, and withiu a circuit o£ three or four miles in diameter, are found veins which have been more or less extensively worked, with direc- tions running N. 64 E., N. 47 E., N. SJ W., N. 26^ E., and N. 34 W., so that if these directions were prolonged, they would, in some cases, be found intersecting each other at right angles. In regard to the vein stone, in which the aurifer- ous particles are found, they differ very widely— in some cases the material is an argillaceous slate of a silky lusfre, much mlerspersed with miuute cubes of pyrites of iron or of copper, or of both, as at the Russell mine on the Newberry in Montgomery County ; in other cases it is partly in quartz, and partly in the slaty walls of the veins, and in others still, il is wholly in the quartz, being scarcely at all impregnated with the precious metal. The materials which exist in the veins are either such as have been acted on by meteoric influences, and partly decomposed, or, lying beyond the reach of such influences, have escaped decomposition, and may be regarded as the true exponents of the deeper vein-stone. These lat- ter are in general less rich in gold than the former, chiefly on account of having lost a p.irt of their solid material by decoraposition. But the deep ores owe their inferior value, in no small degrefi, also to the diflleulty of extracting the gold from its combination, with the sulphurets which near tlie surface have been reduced Ijy the combiued action of air, water, and other materials from the atmosi>here. The axis of the gold formation passes in a uorih-east and south-west direction through the counties of Rockingham, Guilford, Davidson, Rowan, Cabarras, and Mechlenburg, embracing the section of both sides of the Elue Ridge, and extending eastward beyond the Yadkin. That gold is an important product of ibis State, admits of no question ; the region in which it is found is very extensive. The principal mines are Anson's, Read's, and Parker's. The first named is in Anson County, and has yielded richly, but on account of the ownership of the land on which it 1s situated being in dispute, operations have been retarded. Read's mine is in Cabarras County, and was the one first wrougiit; large masses of the virgin metal have at scvend periods been dug up, and pieces weighing 400, 500, and 600 pennyweights are met with. On one occasion, a mass weighing 2S pounds avoirdupais in its crude state was exhumed. Parker's mine is situated on a small stream four miles south of the Yadkin. The metal Is here found chiefly in flakes and grains ; but Ium])s of considerable size — one weighing 4 pounds 11 ounces avoirdupoi-s — have been dug up. In the mining districts, gold contained in a goose-quill forms a currency, its value being fixed by weight. The larger portion of the j)rnducts of the mines is bought up by dealers at from 90 to Dl cents per pennyweight, and much is carried to the mint at Charlotte for coinage; but the returns published by that insti- tution by no means indicate the value of the mines, as a considerable quantity finds its way to the manufacturer, and the banks receive no small moiety of the whole in deposit. The coal region of Xorth Carolina, chiefly in Chatham and Moore counties, and along the Yalley of Deep Eiver, so far as examined, occupies a space fifteen miles in length, anrl froni five to six in width, throughout which area the deposits of this mineral are immense and of every variety — bituminous, semi-bituminous, and anthracite, and Professor Johnson has pronounced them to be of the best qualities. The intlications arc, he adds, that the deposits are at least thirty miles in length, and comprise an area of one hundred and fifty square miles. The mean thickness of the beds is said to l>e seven and a half feet, a greater depth than any similar deposit in England. Coal is also found in other districts. Iron ore is found in juxtaposition with the coal measures of Deep River, overlying the coal. These discoveries have led to much speculation, and it is said that in a few years the result will be an inflow of capital and prosperity to the Slate equal to that now enjoyed by Pennsylvania. ^ The climate of North Carolina is much influenced by the diversified character of the surface ; no single description would apply to the whole State. The western section, where the land is elevated and traversed by high ranges, is much cooler than the sea-board section, and the interior has a climate partaking of both extremes. The winters throughout the ?talo, however, are much less rigorous than farther north. The atinh'SS')ni in Fehriuiry, ati.i the tlrst frost oecurs generally in i>otober. The average number of rainy days in the year is n'lnety-eiglit, of eloudy days three hundred and thirty-three, anri of clear days only Ihirly-two. The pine-forc3ts of North Carolina cover nearly the whole eastern section. In the ulain of the low country this tree is almost Ihe exclusive natural growth, and attains here a much fuller rlevelnpinenl than in tha Status farther north ; in tho swamps it fjrows to an enormous bulk, and the moisture of the atmosphere loads the trei s with a long aponity mosa, which hangs in clusters from the limbs, and gives the forests a singular appearance. Cedars and cypresses are alijo abundant in tlio swamps. These forests eontribute greatly to the general wealth, and furnish not only lumber for exportation, but also pearly all the resinous matter, used in the tJnited States. In the elevated parts of the State the timber growths are the oak. elm. walnut, cherry, lime, etc., and the maple, poplar, ami some i^'thi-rs, are indigenous in every section. The '.vhite-oak-lrees IbuTid here are well suited for making staves, being talK-r and more free from knots than the northern variet>'. Several valuable tuedicinal plants also grow spontaneously, as llie ginseng, snake-root, ete,. and the bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of wliieh continue green throughout the winter, and afford a grateful food fnr cattle. Cirapes, plums, and blackberries are among the indigenous fruits. ^ North Carolina is di\ idcd inl<) seventy-nine counties, the general st;Uistics of wliich, and the capil.*d3 of each, in 1S50, were its follows : C.uiilies. » Dwell. Pop. mu.ll. 3Tr,iit *■ Caiiit.tla. Cnniities. Dwell. Pfip. F..rtn» illCi.lt. Calal '■ Capilrtls. Alamance. . . ..1,516. .11,414. . 923. . -38 .Graham Iredell .1.834 .14,719. .1,096. . 28 .Statesvillo AloxandLT .. .. S'27. . 5,220. . 683. . 4. .Taylorsvillo Johnson .1,704. .13.726. .1,002. .102 .Smithticld Anson ..I.IOS .13,459. . 675. . 32 . Wadesboro' Jones . 440. . 6.038. . 240. . 14. .Trenton Ashe IVaururt ..1i4(j7. ..1,(363. . 8,777. .13,816. .1,2,63. . 594. 3 .Tefri.r,(on Lenoir . 702. . 7,'-2S. . 302. . 17. .Kingston . 73 . Washington Lincoln .1,023. . 7.740. . 711. . 61 .Lincolnton lii-rlie ..1,070. .12,6.51. . 542. . 50. .Windsor M-Dowell.... . SCO. . 6.346. . 6US. . 29. .Marion I'.la.len ..1,005. . 9,767. . 4S6. . 61. .Klizabelhlown Macon . 9.30. . 6,.3S9. . 631. . 13. .Franklin lirunswick .. .. TTl. . 7,272. . 885. . SO .SmilliviUe Maptin . 923. . S„3(l7. . 810. . 17. .Williauistou r.unoombe .. ..1,942. .18,425. .1,105. . 19. .Ashville Mecklenburg .1,632. .1£,914. .1.0.30. . 16. .Cliarlotte Biirto .. 933. . 7,772. . 873. . 22. .Moriiiinlown . Montijomery . 902. . 6,872. . 511. . 14. .Troy Cabarras .1,290. . 9,747. . 875. . 44. .Concord Moore .1,286 . 9,342. . 718. . 4 .Carthage Cal.lwclU... . 926. . 6,817. . 366. . 8. .Lenoir Nash .1,248. .10,6.57. . 718. . 24. .Nashville Caniileii . 770. . 6,049. . 579. . 15. .New Lebanon New Hanover .1,884. .17,008. . 569. .186. .Wilrrtii'^toa CarlcTot .. 972. . 6,803. . 208. . 19. .Beattfort Northampton .1,.341. .13,3.35. . 6H. . -T. .Jar-ksoti Caswi-ll .. 815. .15,269. . 707. . 56. . Yancey ville Onslow . 963. . 8,283. . 349. 27. .Onslow Catawba .1,257. . S,S62. . 957. 3. .Newton Orange .2,186. .17,065. .1,082. 17. .Ilillsboro' (.'lialham ... . .2,210. .18,449. .1,6.33. . 48. . Pillsboro' PasquotUTlk . .1,150. . 8,950. . 530. . 11. .Elizalielh City ClitTokce ... ..1,020. . 6,538. . 459. . 5. .Mnr|diy Ferquimans. . . 818. . 7,331. . 6116. 21. .Herlford Cliowan .. 613. . 6,721. . 344. 23. .Edenton Pers-m .1,070. .10.7.81. . 6-4. 17. .Koxboro' Cleveland... .1,626. .10,896. 961. 16. .Shelby Pitt .1,316. .13,397. . 684. . 41. .Greenville (.V'lumbiis... .. 777. . 5,909. . 399. 5. .Whitesville P,andoIph .2,,612. .1.5,532. .1-,173. 41. . .\shboro' Craven .1,S42. .14,709. 383. 67. .Newbern Pichmond . . . 949. . 9,818. . 496. . 1. .Pockinghara CiimlN?rIand .2..'>31. 20,610. 959. 105. . FayetleviUo Pobeson .1,613. .12.826. .1.112. . 10. .Lumberton Currituck . . . . 925. . 7,136. 601. 0. , Curritnek lioekinsham .1,693. .14,495. . 717. 43. .Wenlworth Davidson . . . .2,308. 15,320. 1,201. 13. .Lexington Kowan .1,842. .13,870. .1,070. .108. .Salisbury Davie .1,027. . 7,866. . 404. 37. .Mocksvilte Kutherford ... .1.S33. .13,660. . 9.59. 28. .Rnlherfordton Duplin .1,419. .1.3.514. . 923. 57. . KenansviUe Sampson .1,.5S2. .14,685. . 943. 63. .Clinton Eilirecnmbe . .1,619. .17,189. . 737. 14. .Tarboro' Sl.anly . 946. . 6,922. . 615. 10. . Albemarle Forsyth .1,739. 11,168. 9.36. SO. . Winston Stokes .1,208. . 9,206. . 591. 84. . Danbury Franklin .1,115. .11,713. . 588. 25. .Lonisburg Surry .2,797. .18.443. .1,503. 43. .Eockfor'd Gaslun .1,072. . 8,073. 724. 10. .Dallas Tyrrell . 635. . 6.133. . 210. 41. .Columbia Gates .. 8S0. . 8,426. 490. 22. .Gatesvillo Union .1.422. .10.061. . 877. 9. .Monroe Oranvillc ... .2,093. .21,249. 1,074. 55. .Oxforii Wake .2,814. .24,887. .1,410. 66. .PALEIOn Creenu . 6S4. 6,619. 372. 37. .Snow Ilill Warren . 906, .13,912. . 643. 20. .Warrenton (iuilford .8,043. 19,754. 1,663. 65. Greensboro' W.ashin^ton . . 670. . 5,066. . 444. 24. .Plymouth Halifax .1,7.'J9. .16,689. 868. 4. .Halifax W^alauga . 569. . 3,400. . 442. 1. .Boone Haywood ... .1,110. . 7,074. 6.53. 0. . Waynesville Wayne ,1..576. .13,486. . 663. 69. .Waynesboro' Henderson .. . 9.31. . 6,853. 418. 1. .Hendersonvillo Wilkes .2.0.50. .12,099. .1,097. 9. .Wilkesboro' Hertford . 831. . 8a42. 378. 20. Murfreesboro' Yancey .1,822. . 8,205. . 970. 10. Eurnsville Hyde . 923. . 7,686. 293. G. Swan Quarters The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 105,,542 ; of families, 106,023 ; and of inhabitants, 568,903 ; viz., whites 662,464— males 272,369, and females 250.006 ; Indians, 531— males 420, and females, 411 ; free col- orrd, 27.196— males 13.226. and females 13.970; slaves, 258,412. Of the whole population there were, deaf and ilitmh — wh. 361, fr. col. 4, si. 62— t.ital 407; WiKrf— wh. 357, fr. col. 28, si. 117— total 532; insane— v/h. 462, fr. col. 5, si. 24— total 491 : and irfio(ic— wh. 604, fr. col. 32, si. 138— total 774. The nundjer of free persons bom in the United States was 577,750, Ihe number of foreign birth 2,524, and of birth unknown 217. The naUee population originated as follows: Me. OS, N. Ilamp. 26, Verm. 27, Mass. 2.51, E. I. 59, Conn. 272, N. York 405, N. Jer. 1.34, Penn. 665, Del. 96, Md. 635, Dist. of Col. 2S, Virg. 10.8.38, Korth Carolina 656.245, S. Car. 4,430, Ga. S41, Flor. 54, Ala. 131. Miss. 67, La. 14, Tex. 6, Ark. 1, Tenn. 2,047, Ky. 141. Oh. 48, Mich. 2, lud. 67, III. 28, JIo. S3, la. 8, Wise. 4, Calif. 0. Territories : and the forngn pop- ulation was composed of persons from— England 394, Ireland 567, Scotland 1,012, Wales 7, Germany 844, France 43, Spain 4, Portugal 12, Belgium 1, Holland 4, Turkey 0, Italy 4, Austria 2, Switzerland 3, Russia 8, Denmark 6, Norway 0, Sweden 9, Prussia 19, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 2, Asia 0, Africa 2, British America 80, Mexico 2, Central America 4, South America 3, West Indies 37, and other countries 5. 697 NORTH CAROLINA. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population eince the fiwt census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Colored Persona. Decennixl Increase. Census White , ' ^ Tcital , . , Years. Persons. Free. Sl.ive Toul. Pu|itiUtmn. Kumerical. I'erceuL 1T90 283,204 4,975 100,572 10.5,547 398.751 ISOO ..•. 837,704 " 7,04S 1.33,296 140.344 478,103 84,353 .... 21.8 ISIO 370,410 10,206 1CS,S24 119,090 555.500 77..397 .... lfl.2 1S20 ..,'...;. 419,200 14,612 205,017 219,029 C3?,S29 83,.329 .... 15.0 1S30 472,343 19,M3 245,001 265,144 737.957 99,1.5S .... l.i.o 1S40 4S4,870 22,782 245,S17 26S.549 763,419 15,4^3 .... 2.1 1850 652,464 27,196 2SS,412 815,0u8 S6b,U03 116,484 .... 115.3 — the total of 1850, jnclutling 831 Indians, not otherwise accounted for. Tlie statistics of the products, industries, wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1S50 and olhoj official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows : OccupUd Lands, ete. — Improved farm lands, 5,453,977 acres, and lands attached to farms unimproved, 15,513,01^ acres — together valued in cash at .tG7,S9I,766. Whole number of farms under cultivation on the Isl June, 1850, 56,910. Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,931,532. iiri!-S3,847 18:30.... ... 399,333.... ... 221,992 1831., 1832,, 1833 4.53.0:36 WU 471 .4uO 1835 819,527 18.30 429,851 18:37 561,795. 18:38 546,223. ExporLs. Imports. $841.140 $190,366 342,041 215,1*4 -- 193,753 18:39... 1840... 1841... 1842... 1843. . . 1844... 1845... 1840 414.:;9S 1847 284,919 1848... 222,472 2-11.981 197,116 271,623 290,405 229,233p 252,5.32 220,360 427,926... 887,484... 883,1156- ■-, 844-050 187,404 171,099 110,976 298.401 209.142 379.9GO 230,470 .. W2,S59 142.384 840-028 195,814 1849- 1850- 270.076 11:5,146 410,501 823,692 Internal Improvementt.-^GtmieSoTts are being made in this State to build up a system of railroads between the in- terior and tlie sea-board, and also to connect the railroa licauf.irt. Imi.urlanl iiuproTeincnts are also contemplated in Deep and Cape Fear rivers, so as to make Ihem an uulluKor Uie mineral weallh of Ibeir vjciuilie*. , , , ,v„ Banks -According to the banlc returns of November. 1S50, there were iu the State 5 banks and 15 branch tanks. *» agc^egate condition of which, at that period, was as follows: i;ai;z;«;«-capital, $T,T^9,•250; c,reul.-it,on, |-*.M-.?^; d™o4 *9«,093; due other banks, $C0,GS2; all other liabilities, $4,S20 ; and as«c>te-loans and dtscounl^s *(.,li6t.,,S3, 2k;, $150,o;; real estate, $127,806, other investments, $1S,TS3 ; due by other banks J1,074.TW ; nnu^s of "'"er banks, L33947; and specie, $1,W5,0-2S. The Bank of Cape Fear, located at Wilmington, has branches at Ashevdle, a ette.tlle^ Ore nsb^ro , Kakigh, Sale.;, Salisbury, and Washington, and the Bank of the State of North Carobna, at Kale.gh has branches at Charlotte, Elizabeth City, Fayettc-ville. Milton, Morgantown, Newbern, TarboroN and W .Imniglon. Banks besides these are also established at 3.'ayelteville, Wadcsboro", Washington, Wilmington, and Newbern ameniment, «te.-The government of the Slate is based on the constitution of 17S0, as amen.led n. 1S35. The HaU of suffrage is allowed 40 every free white man, 21 years old, an inl.abitant of his dtstnct 12 month, precedtng an election, and owner of a freehold within the same for six months. Such may vote for senators, but m volu.g for repre- senlalives the freehold qualifleation is not needed, if the voter has paid taxes. But no descendant of a negro, to the fiwm generation, though one ancestor in each generation be white, is to be accounted a white man. The general eleet.ons "^^^:Z r;:sin??n»se'Tcommons and a Senate. Members of the Douse of Commons (120 in number) must have resided in their respective eonnties one ye..r, and have owned for slx months next before hetr cleSfon loTaeres as freehold, and are chosen biennially, not less than one in each county. Senators (oO ,n number) are chosTn biennially in districts set off on the ba.sis of taxation, and must be possessed for the same tmie of 300 acres thereto in fee An apporUonment of both houses was made in 1S51, and apportionment wiU be made every twenty years there- after The General Assembly, thus constituted, convenes on the third Tuesday in Noj'ember bienn.ally. No special law shall' be passed to alter the mme of any person, to legitimize bastards, or to restore to citizenship persons conv.cted of infamous crimes; but general laws for these purposes may be passed. The Governor \^ chosen by the persons qualillod to elect members of the house for two years (but no such e eetcd per- son shall serve more than four years out of any six years) by a plurality of votes, or in ease of an even vote by the wo houses of the General Assembly on joint ballot. An Executive CouncU of State, consisting of seven councilors, shall b8 chosen at every regular session, who shall keep a journal of their proceedings, open to the General Asse.nbly. The gov- ernor may lav an embargo for thirty days, with the consent of the council. If the office of governor be vacant, ,t .s to be ailed by U,e Speaker of the Senate, and he failing, then by the Speaker of the House of Commons. No clergyman, wh.lo in the exercise of his duties as such, shall be a member of the council. ^ , , , , ,„ „„„ Amon.- the muedlmiemm provimon, of the constitution, are the following: Every foreigner who comes to settle may take take the oath of aUegi.ance and hold real estate. Judges of Uie Supreme and Superior courts are appointed by joint Wlotof Mh houses, and ma, be removed for mental or physical inability upon a resolut.on of two-thirds of tlie mem- be^ hereof. Their Salaries shall not be diminished during their term. No person who shall deny tl^ hemg of a God TtZZthoftJ^ Oh,-isUan religion, or «/« divine anihority of the Old or New Testament, or wlu> sMll hold rehi„ou» onnciples incmnpatilu mtli Uie freedom or safety of the Skite, shall hold any civil office. ^7o lend, the co^^stituiion, a convention of the people may be caUed by a vote of two-thirds of the members of both houses Amendments, if agreed to by three-fifths of the members of each house, shall be published six months before the next election ■ and if approved by two-thirds of both houses, shall be submitted to the people ; and if approved by a ma- jority of votes of the voters qualified to elect members of the House of Commons, shall be adopted. lL judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Superior or Circuit courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a chief- iustice and two a-ssoeiate justices, the attorney-general, a reporter and two clerks, one at I'.alcigli, and one at ^"W^' tovvn This court holds three sessions in each yoar-two in tlie city of Ealeigli, on the 2d Monday in June and the last Monday in December ; and one at Morgantown, on the 1st Monday of August, for the western part of the State, and con- tinues to sit at each term untU aU the business on the docket is determined or continued upon goo-1 cause shown. II has nower to hear and determine all cases in law or equity brought before it by appeal or by the parlies ; and has original and exclusive jurisdiction in repealing letters patent, and has also power to issue all writs necessary and proper for the exor- cise of its iurisdiction. The Superior or Circuit courts are composed of one judge and soHcilor iu each circuit ; these are courts of law and of equity, and are held twice a year in each county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about ten counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, however, the same circuit twice m succession. The iud»es of these courts have complete equity jurisdiction. ... The militia of North Carolina is composed of 79,445 men of all grades, of which number 4.2(5T are commissioned officers anublic, as may enable Ihi-m to instruct at low prices; and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities.'* Till within late years, however, no system of free schools was introduced throughout the State. Liberal pro\ision wiw made for the purpose in 1825, by the creation of a school fund. This fund now amounts to nearly half a million dollars, besides the income of stoclv held by the State in several railroads, the proceeds of the sale of swamplands, and the tract acquired from the Cherokee^ in the south-west In order to apply these funds, a Board of Literature was established in iS'i", to devise a plan of common schools; but as yet nothing efficient for the increasing population has been brought to fruition. At the present time there are some 200 academies, and between SOO and 900 common schools in the State, at which From IS.OOO to 20.(100 youth are annually taught. The principal collegiate establishments in the State are the University, Davidson College, and Wake Forest College. The University of North Carolina is located at Chapel HiU, in Orange County, and in ISnO liad a president, 10 professors, and 230 students. It was founded in 1TS9, and its alumni numbered 904. of which about "0 hnd entered the ministry. It has an excellent library of 13,500 volumes. In 1^53 a school of science and art waa attached to it. In the law department there were, in 1S50. ten students. Davidson College, founded in l-^3>, is situate iu Mechlenburg County, and in ISOO had 4 professors. CO students, and a library of about P.niiO volumes, and Its alumni num- bered 140, of which 24 were- in the ministry. Wake Forest College (a Baptist institution) was founded iu IS-'JS, and in ISoO had 3 professors, and 24 students ; its alumni numbered 11, of which G were in the ministry, and its library contained 4,700 volumes. Fuhlle Lib ran fi.f.— One State library— 3,000 volumes; 3 college— 9,401 volumes; 2 students'— S.SIG vohimee; 2 academic and professional— 3,000 volumes ; total, 8 libraries, and 24.247 volumes. This account, which is from the census of 1850, differs essentially from the returns of the colleges, and is probably under-rated. Periodical Pra?.f.— The whole number of newspapers, etc., published in the State in 1S50, was 52, of which 24 advocated whig principle, and 9 that of the democracy, and 19 were neutral in politics, or i,2il4 annually ; 4 semi-monthly, circulating 3,775, or 90.000 annually; and one monthly, circulating 450, or 5,400 annually. The counties in wliicli published are — Anstm, 1 8.-w. and 1 w. ; Buncombe, 2 w. ; Beaufort, 1 w. ; Caswell, 1 w. ; Chowan, 1 w. ; Cherukee, 1 w. ; Craven, 2 w. ; Cumberland, 3 w.; Chatham, 1 s.-m. ; Edgecombe, 1 w. ; Guilford, 1 w. and 1 m.; Granville, 1 w. ; Halifax, 2 w.; Lincoln, 2 w. ; Mechlenburg, 2 w. ; New Hanover, 1 t.-w., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; Orange, 2 w. ; Pasquotank, 2 w. and 1 8.-m. ; Eutherford, Randolph, and Kowan, each 1 w. ; "Wnke, 1 B.-w., 6 w., and 3 8.-m. ; Wayne, 2 w.; and Washington and Warren, each 1 weekly, Jidigious Denorahmtion^. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, were as follows: Denomiiia- No. of Church Value of Demimina- No. of Clnirt'b vniuf „r Denomiiia- No. of- Cliiinli Value nf Pro|.rrl,-. liciri9. Cliur<:ire». Rcci.m. Pm|ii?rly. liona. Churclies. acrnm. Priijierty til. MB. Cliiiriliei. Baplist 5T3 .. 195,727 . . $201,448 German Kef. 15 . . 5,725 . $17,200 P.. Catliolie... 4 .. 1,400 . $5,900 Christian.... 29 .. 11,000 . . 10,575 Jewish — . . — . — S\vcdent)o"n .. — .. _ . — Congregat'I.. — .. — . — Lullierati ... 47 . . — . . 29,025 Tiinker 1 .. 2110 . 100 Dutch Eef... — .. _ . _ Mennnnile .. — .. — . . — Union 4 . . 1,2110 . 650 Episcopal ... 47 . . 14.9T0 . . 112,100 Methodist... 727 .. l!l,550 . . 2&4,930 Unitarian..... — .. _ . _ Free 51 ). 14.545 . . 15.SC0 Moravian ... 7 .. 214,937 . . 34,000 Universniist... — .. — . — Friends 30 . . 12.C20 . . 7,575 Presljyterian 143.. 3,000 . . 170,030 Minor Sects.. — .. — . — " — making a total of 1.G7S churches, having accommodation for 553,204 persons, and valued as property at $S>;9.393. The State forms the Protestant Episcopal diocese of North Carolina, and is a constituent portion of the Itoman Catholic diocese of Charleston. * Faupei'ism.~-The whole number of persons relieved or supported during the year ending ;lst Juno, 1S50, w.ns 1,931, of which number 1,913 were native-born and 13 foreign-born ; and the whole number receiving support at tlie date speci- fied was 1.5S0; viz., 1,567 native-bom and 13 foreigners. The cost ti> the public amounted to $G0,OS5. Historical .SA-e^cA.- The first English settlement in North America was made iu 15S5 on Roanoke Island, in this State. The patron of the infant colony was Sir Walter Ealeigh, to whom Queen Elizabeth granted, in 1.534. a patent for such lands as he might discover in America, "not possessed by any Christian people." The same year he dispatched two small vessels to make discoveries, and these dropped their anchors early in July in Ocracoke inlet. The adventurers landed on an island near Roanoke, called by the natives Wococon, where they were received with every mark of hospi- tality. After visiting the neighborhood they returned to England and gave a highly favorable account of the climate and soil. The name of Virginia was bestowed upon the country, and Raleigh's i)alent was confirmed by act of Parliament. Sir Walter sent out at once, under Ralph Lane as governor, the colony above mentioned. Soon, however, Indian hostili- ties, provoked by the tyrannical behavior of the leaders of the colony, were commenced, nnrl nuieh suffering from this cause, as well ns scarcity of provisions, was endured by the adventurers. They became discour.iged, and flually relumed home. A few days after their departure, a Bhip, under Grenville, arrived, and learning the destination of the colonists, left 15 men, with provisions for two years, to keep up the settlement. Undeterred by liis first failure, Raleigh sent out another colony in l.''S7, with orders to seltle on Chesapeake Bay, where they were to build the projected "City of Raleigh." The new colonists, however, were jmt ashore at Roanoke. They found no trace of Grenville*3 men, who had probably fallen under the .wrath of Uio Indians; and scarcely had they themselves landed than they were engaged in combat with the natives. Their governor, White, retutned to Fngland ibr supplies, but owing to the troubles consequent on the Spanish invasion of England, he was detained from revisiting the 60l NORTH CAROLINA. colony until l^ autumn of 1590. On arriving, lie found the site of the eettlenwnt inclosed by a strong palisade, but not a colonist remained, and to the present day their fate has been a subject of conjecture. Thus ended i;aleij,'h'3 attempt to colonize Virginia. Early in liie reign of Charles I. (16S0) a tract of land Bontb of the Chesapeake, designated as Carolina, was granted to Sir Il'ibert Heath, but as he planted no colony on it the grant was revoked- Oat of the same territory Charles II. formed, in ICr.?, tlie province of Carolina, and conveyed it by charter to eij^ht royalist noblemen of England. This charter, aa amended in 1665, defines the Hmits of the province to be the 29th panillel of north latitude on the south, the Pacific on the west, the Allantic on the east, and on the north the parallel of 360 Si/— afterward and now better known as the Missouri Compromise Line. The grantees were made proprietors of the soil, and were intrusted with powers of jurisdiction over the colonists. Already previous to this conveyance, settlers had located in the northern part of the province, and for some years refugees from Virginia had been coming, a few at a time, into the neighborhood of the Sound afterward called Albemarle, in honor of General Monk, whose ducal title was such. A little colony had also been planted by adventurers from New England near the mouth of Cape Fear Eiver. The soil, however, proved sterile, and the colony dwindled slowly away, and would have totally disappeared, had not some planters from Uarbadoes, under Sir John Tcamans, removed thither ia 16(^5, and formed the settlement of Clarendon, by wliich the few remaining New Englanders were rapidly absorbed- These new settlers supported themselves with difficulty by shipments of boards, shingles, and staves. Gradually, by nu- merous migrations southward, the colony again became reduced, until at length, before 1C90, it was entirely exhausted. The proprietaries in 1070 sent out emigrants under the command of William Sayle to form a new settlement, to be called the County of Carteret. The colonists located themselves first at Port Koyal, South Carolina, but they soon removed, and formed a settlement between Cooper and Ashley rivers, which they called Charleston. S.ayle dying next year, Sir John Teamans was appointed governor of Carteret, the southern province. Thus there wero in 1671 two permanent settle- ments in Carolina, Albemaj'le and Carteret^ and these two constituted the nuclei of North and South Carolina as now existing. At the request of one of the proprietors, the celebrated John Locke framed a scheme of government for the whole provinee of Carolina. "The Grand Model," as it was called, though complete of its kind, was too complicated, if not too monarchical for an infant colony, yet the proprietaries adopted it as the fundamental law of the province, and sucli for 20 yeai^ it nominnlly remained. As a matter of fact, however, it was never brought into operation, though the governor of each distrift of the province strove hard to comply with its requisitions, in spite of the continued and ultimately success- ful opposition of the colonists. The settlement .it Albemarle was augmented by accessions from Virginia, New England, and the Bermuda islands; ■William Drnmmond was appointed first governor. He was succeeded by Samuel Stevens, under whom were enacted the first laws of the colony, by an assembly composed of the governor, the council, and twelve delegates. Every encourage- ment was given by these laws to whomsoever proposed settling in the colony; bounty-lands were granted at a moderate quit-reT>t (Jd. per acre) ; taxes could be imposed only by consent of the assembly ; and religious liberty was promised t& members of every Christian denomination. Intestine commotion, proceeding partly from discontent with the " Mo{ war in Ca'ifie Fear Rivi-r. The revolution in North Carolina was now complete. A State Convention was formed ('20th August), and the raising of three (afterward five) regiments of troops authorized, aiul all were taken by Congress into Continental pay. The Tory influence, however, was strong, especially among the Regulators, and attempts, which failed, however, were made to form a junction with General Clinton, wlio was on the coast, waiting for reinforcements from England prepara- tory to making a descent upon the country — S50 of them were captured and made prisoners. Four more regiments were now ordered to be raised. Clinton, though reinforced, despairing of local assistance, sailed away to the attack of Charles- ton. In April succeeding (1776), the Convention taking the lead, authorized their delegates in Congress to join with other colonies in declaring independence. On the 4th July that independence was solemnly declared. Meanwhile the Chero- ke<^'3, in league with the British, ravaged the western frontiers. Promptly met by a strong force from the Carolinas and Virginia, they were subilued, and force-, t., p. o., and stii., Eockiiigham county, ^V. Ilariip. : 3S m. E. S. E. Concord ; bounded on the K. by Atlantic Ocean. The Eastern E. E. passes through the t., S m. from Portsmouth. Pop. S22. North Hampton, p. o., Clark county, OJiio: 49 m. W. Columbus. North Hancock, p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 74 m. E. by N. Augusta. North Hanson, sta.. Plymouth co., Mass. : on Old Colony E. E., 23 m. E. ?. E. Boston. North HARPERSFmLD, p. o., Delaware co.. A"". Z ; 54 m. W. by S. Albany. North Uartland, p. v. and sta., Windsor co., Ver7}i.:oii Connecticut r., 49 m. S. byE. MontpeUer. Sta. of VL Cea- tral E. E., S m. from Windsor. North Haven, t., p. v., and sta., New Haven co,, Conn. : S m. N. N. E. New Haven, on Wallingford r. Surface of t. mostly level ; soil sandy and verj* fertde. A large tract is a salt marsh, producing large quantities of gr.iss. Vast quantities of brick are made here. The Harlft^rd and New Haven E. E. passes through the t Pop. 1,32S. North Haven, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on N. Fox Island, in Penobscot bay, 51 m. E. S. E. Augusta. North Haverhill, p. v., GraHon county, A'! Hamp.: on Connecticut r., 7o m. N. N. W. Concord, ou the line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E. North Haverstraw, p. o., Eockland co., A'". Y. : ou W. side Huilson r., HG m. S. by W. Albany. North Hburon, p. o„ Washington co., -V. Y. : on Black cr., 4S m. N. N. E. Albany. North Hector, p. o., Tompkins Co., A". Y. : on E. side of Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. North Hfaipstead, t, p. v., and cap. Queens co., A"". Y. : 130 m. S. Alliuny. The surface is uneven aiKl hilly, being traverstd by the ridge of the island. The sod is Siuidy, but is made productive by cultivation. It is penetrated by several bays of I/mg Island Sound. Su&^e*5 Pi-nd, a fine sheet of water, lies on its W. border, and is well stored with tish. The v., on the N. edge of H. Plains, and j ra. N. of the E. E., contains a court-house, jail, and several dwellings. The t. h.-i3 a dozen mills and some manufactures, stores, etc. Pop. of U 4.2H1. North Henderson, p. o., Mercer co., Hi. : 101 m. N. W. Springfield. North Hermon, p. o., Penobscot coxmty, Me. ; 67 m. N. E. by E. Augusta, 9 m. W. by N. Bangor. North Hero, L, p. v., and cap. Grand Isle coi, Ve/^m, : 51 m. N. W.Montpilier. The surihce of this island contains 6,272 acres ; the soil is very fertile. The v. contains the county builtlings. Pop. of t. 730. North Hooan, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Drained by branch of Laugherj's cr. Nor.Tu Hr.LLis, p. v., York co., Me, : ou W. side of Saco r., 45 ni. S. W. Augusta. North IIoosick, p. o. and sta., Rensselaer co., Al Y. : 2S in. N. E. Albany, and station of tUo Troy and Boston U, E,, 27 m. from Troy, 606 NOR NOR North Hope, p. o., Butler co., Pejuu : 160 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. NoETH Hudson, t. and p. o., Essex co., 2i^, Y, : 96 m. N. Albany. Druined by Schrooa r., and contains several small Jakes. Surt'uce mountainous ; soil broken but fertile. Tim- ber of Inrgii size is very abundant; and there are extensive 'peins of iron. Pop. 561. Nor.Tn Hydepakk, p. o., Lamoille co., Vemi.: 27 m. N. Montpelier. North Industry, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 9S m. N. E. by E. Columbus, on Tuscarawas r., which affords power to several mills. North Isdcstkt, p. o„ Franklin co., J/t'. .• 30 m. N. N.W. Auj;uqta. NoRTHiNGTON, p. V., Cumberland co., N. Car.: on S. side of Cape Fear r., 24 m. S. S. W. Ealeigh. NoiiTH island, Georgetown disL, S. Car. : at N. entrance of Wiuyaw bay. NoRTU Jackson, p. o., Mahoning county, Ohio : 132 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. ■ North Janesville, p. o., Eock co., Wi^c. : 34 m. 6. S. E. Madison. North Java, p. o., "Wyoming county, 2^. T. : 24S m. W. Albany. North Jay, p. o., Franklin county. Me. : 27 m. N. W. Augusta. North Kennebttnk Poet, p. v., York county, Me. : 74 m. 6. W. by S. Augusta. North Killingly, p. v., Windhara co., Con7i. : on E. side Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. by N. Ilariford. NoTiTH Kortright, p. o., Delaware county, ^1 Y. : 57 m. "W. S. "W. Albany. North Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : 144 m. "W. Albany. North Lawrence, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y.: 156 m. N. N. "W. Albany. North Leeds, p. o. and sta., Kennebec co., Me.: on E. Bide of Androscoggin r., 20 ra. W. Angusta; sta. of Andros- coggin R. It., 10 m. from junction of Androscoggin and Kennebec R. K. North LroMiNSTEE, p 0., "Worcester county, Ma98. : 89 m. "W. N. W. linslon. North Levkbett, p. v., Franklin county, Mass.: 74 m. "W. by N. Bost*m. North Lewisburg, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio: 42 m. "W. by N. Columbus. North Liberty, p. v., Mercer co., Penii, : on Wolf cr., 176 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. North Liberty, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. North Liberty, p. o., St. Joseph co., Inrf. : on a branch of Kankakee r., 120 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. North Lima, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Nop.Tn Lincoln, p-. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on E, bank of Penobscot r., 104 m. N. E. Augusta. North Linklean, p. o., Chenango co., K Y. : 112 m. "W. Albany. North Littleton, p. o., Grafton co., K. ITamp. : S3 m. N. by W. Concord. North Livermore, p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : 24 m. W. by N. Augusta, 2 m. W. from Kennebec r. North Londonderry, p. o. and sta., Rockingham county, IT. Ramp.: 23 ra. S. by E. Concord, on Manchester and Lawrence R. R., 26 m. from Lawrence, 6 m. from Manchester. North Lovell, p. o., Yell CO., Ark, : 66 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. North Lyman, p. o., Grafton County, Jl'i Samp. : 76 m. N. by "W. Concord. North Lyme, p. v., New London ooiinty. Conn. : 82 m. E. by N. New Haven. Drained by a br.inch of Conn. r. North Madison, p. v., New Haven co., Conn.: on "W. side Hammouassett r., 17 m. E. N. E. New Haven. 606 North Madison, p. o., Jefferson county, IiuJ. : 2 m. N. Madison, SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It contains the prin- cipal workshops of the Madison and Indianapolis R, R. North Manchester, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on Eel r., 85 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. North Mablow, p. o., Cheshire co., N. Satnp. : 34 m. W, by S.' Concord. North Marshall, p. 0., Calhoun county, MicJi.: 37 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. North Marshfield. p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on S. side of North r., 28 m. S. E. Boston. NoRTu Middleuorocgu, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 31 m. S. by E. Boston. North Middlesex, p. o., Yates co., 2T. Y. : on W. side of Cauandaigua lake. 1S6 m. W. Albiiny. North Middleton, p. y.. Bourbon co.. Ky. : 43 m. E. by S. Frankfort North MoNMOUTiii p. o., Kennel)ec county, Me. : 15 m. S. W. Augusta, near Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 4S m. from Portland. North Montpelier, p. o., 'Washington co.. Verm.: 6 m. N. Montpelier. North Mountain, p. o., Berkeley co., Virg, : 145 m. W. of N.Richmond, North Mount Pleasant, p. v., Marshall co., Mi^s, : l&i m. N. by E. Jackson, near Tennessee Slate line. North Newburg, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 49 ra. N. E. Augusta. North Newbuet, p. o., Geauga co., O?iio: 133 m. N. E. Columbus. North Newport, p. o., Penobscot county, Me,: 49 m.' N. E. by N. Augusta. North Newport river, Liberty co., Ga. : is navigable to Riceboro', 20 m. from the ocean. NuRTii New Portland, p. o., Somerset co.. M'\ : on N. branch of Seven Mile brook, 45 m. N. N. "W. Augusta. NoR'iii New Salem, p. v., Franklin co., Mam.: 66 m, W, by N. Boston. North Norway, p. a, Oxford co.. Me.: 43 m. W. by 9. Augusta. North Norwich, t. and p, o., Chenango co., -V; Y.: 95 m. W. Allxmy. Drained l)y Chenango r. The v. is on the W. bank of the r. in the N. W. part of the town, and on the Chenango Canal. Pop. of t. 1,172. North NoRwacn, p. o., Huron count}% Ohio: 7S m. N. Columbus. North Orange, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 65 m.W. by N. Boston. North Orwell, p. o., Bradford co., reyin. : 114 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. North Oxford, p. v.,'Worcesterco.,il/'a5*.; 44 m.W.byS. Boston. North Palermo, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 20 m. E. N. E. Augusta. ' North Paris, p. v. and sta., Oxford co., Me. : on N. bank of Little Androscoggin r., 40 m. W. Augusta, The Atlantic and St Lawrence R. It. passes through the v. 55 m. from Portland. North Parma, p. o., Monroe co., K. Y. : 231 m. W. by N. Albany. North Pap^onsfield, p. v., York co., Me, : 73 m. 9. W Augusta. Drained by cr. of Ossipee river. N( tRTH Penobscot, p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : 59 m. E. by N. Augusta. North Perry, p. o., Lake eo., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The t. is on the line of the Cleveland and Erie R. R. 36 m. from Cleveland. North Perrysburg, p. o., Cattaraugus co., iV. Y. : on S. side Cattaraugus cr., 276 m. "W. Albany. North Pittson, p. v.. Kennebec co., Me. : on E. side of Kennel>ec r.. 7 m. S. Augusta. North Plains, t. and p. o., Ionia county, Mi<-h.: N. side Maple r, 26 m. N. W. by N. Lansing. Soil of L is rich NOR NOR saudy loam, very fertile ou the numerous creeks which flow through it. Pop. 293. NoRTn Plympton, p. v., Plymouth county, Ma^s. : 29 m. B. S. E. Boston. NoRxn PoENT, sta., Baltimore co., J/i/-.,* near Baltimore, on Philadelphia and Baltimore R. R. NoETu Point LiGUT-notrsE, Baltimore county, 3f'7.: on North Point Cape. Lat. 89° 11' 45"; long. 7(3° 2T' IT"; 15 m. E. of N. Annapolis, is one of the most important lig:iit- hoiise stations ou the Atlantic sea-board. Here the British debarked in the war of 1S12. NoETuPOLT, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: on N. W. side of Black Warrior r. opposit-s Tuscaloosa, 92 m. N. W. by W. Montgomery, NuuTtiponT, p. V. Noble co., lT>r7.: on N, side of North Fork of Elkhart r., 135 m. E. N. E. Indinimpolis. NuETHPOET, L and p, o., "Waldo county. Me. : 43 m. E. Augusta, on "W". side of Pennl)scnt bay. Some ship- building is carried on here. Pup. I,2(j0. NoBTUPOBT, p. 0., Suffolk county, iV. Y. : 124 m. S. by E. Albany. North Potsdam, p. c, SL Lawrence co., 2^. T. : 15S m. N. N. E. Albany. North Pownal, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 36 m. S. S. W. Augusta. NoETU PowNAL, p. o., Bennington couny, Verm.: lOS m. S. S. W. Monlpelier. NoRTu PiiAiEiE, p. 0., Knox CO., III. : 97 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. NouTii Prescott, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: 6& m. "W. by N. Boston. North Prospect, p. v., Walfio co., Jfe. : 47 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a creek of Penobscot r. North Raisinville, p. o., Monroe county, Mich. : 74 m. S. S. E. by E. Lansing. North Raymond, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 45 m. S. W. Augusta. North Reading, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on N. side of Ipswich r., 16 m. N. Boston, on the line of Salem and Lowell K. R., 10 ni. from Salem. North Reading, p. o., Steuben co., N. Y. : on W. side of Seneca lake, 1C9 m. W. by S. Albany. NoKTu RBUonoTH, p. v., Bristol co., Mms. : 35 m. S. by "W. Boston. NoETH EiDGETiLLE, p. V., LoraiH CO.. 07no : lOS m. N. E. by N. ColumlMis. Drained by N. br. of Black r. North Ridgkway, p. o., Orleans county, N. Y. : 244 m. W. by N. Albany. NoETH RiTEE, p. v., Tuscaloosa CO., Ahi.: on W. side of North r., 98 m. N. W. Montgomery. NoETH RiTEE Meeting-house, p. o., Unrnpshire county, Yirg.: on branch of Great Cacapon r., 127 rii, N. W. Richmond. North River Mills, p. o., Hampshire county, Yirg.: on branch of Great Cacapon river, 13S miles N. N. W. Richmond. Noetu Rochestee, p. v., Piyinouth county. Ma>^s. : 42 m. S. by E. Boston. North Rome, p. c, Bradford co., Penn. : 110 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. North Royalton, p. c, Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 111 m. N. E. by N. Cnhimbus. North Rt'^skll, p. o., St La\\Tence co.,-.S'; Y. : 143 m. N. W. by N. Albany. North Salem, p. v., Hendricks co., /«any. North Spencer, p. v., Worcester county, Jfas/i. : 4S m- W. by S. Boston. Noeth Spring, p. o., Jackson co., Temt. : G2 m^ E. N. E. Nashville. North Speingfteld, p. v., Windsor co., Yt'rm. : on E. bank of Bl.aok r., GS m. S. by E. Mnntpdier. North Springfield, p. o., Summit co., Ohio : 107 m. N. E. Columbus. Nhrth Stamford, p. v., Fairflelil co., 0«w. ." on W. side of Mill r., 37 m. W. H. W. New Haven. North Star, p. o., Washington co., Pcnit : 178 m, W. Harrisburg. Noeth Star, p. o., Darke co., O/.h : fi4 m. W. Columbus; North Stephentown, p. o.. Ri-nsselaL-r co., -V. Y. : on Kinderhnok cr., 16 m. E. S. E. All»any. North Steeling, p. o., Cajniga co., 2^. Y. : on W. side of Little Sodus Bay, 155 m. W. by N. All)any. North Stockholm, p. o., St. Lawrence co., IT. Y. : 159 m. N. N. W Albany. North Stonington, t. and p. o.. New London county, Conn. : 47 m. E. S. E. Hartfi^rd. 56 m. E. by N. New Haven. Surface uneven and billy; soil gravelly loam, good for grazing. Watered by Paw'_-n(uck r. and its branches, which afford water-power to a number of tanneries, saw, and grist mills. Pop. 1.937. North Strafford, p. o., Strafford co., IT. Hamp.: 20 m. E. N. E. Concord. North Sudduey, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass.: on 8. side of Concord r.. 21 m. W. by N. Boston. North Swansea, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 42 m, 8. by W. Boston. 607 NOR NOR NoaTH Tewkseuet, p. v., Middlesex co., Maes. : 23 m. N. N. AV. Boston. KouTu TuETFORD, p. T. Olid sta., Orange co., Term.,: on TV. bank of Connecticut r., 86 m. S. E. by E. Montpelier. Tbe Connecticut and Passumpsic Kivers ll.R. passes througU tilt! v., 17 rn. from Wliite Kiver Junction, and 43 m. from St. Jobnsburg. KoKTU Troy, p. o., Orleans county, Vej^n. : on E. side of Missisquo r., 52 m. X. by E. Montpulier. North Thuku, p. v., Boi'iistiible co., Mdss. : 53 m. E. S. E. Boston. North Tckner, p, v., Oxford co., Jfe.: on "W. side of Androscoggiu r., '25 m. W. by S. Augusta. ?*OKrn Turner Bridge, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on An- dro.scogg;in r, 22 m. TV. by S. Augusta. KoiiTiiuMBicRLAND couuty, PeiiiK Situatc E. centrally, and eoniiiins 431 aq. ra. Tbe Susquehanna r. passes through it centrally from E. to W., and forms ils S. "W. boundary. It is drained by this r. and its alMaents. Surface varied ; in most parts it is mountainous and much broken, but along the r. there are some level bottoms ; soil in general poor ; the land on the river, however, is fertile, and produces good crops of wheat, Indian corn, and potatoea; tobacco is also grown. It is e.\lensively engagod in manufactures and mining. It contains iron ore and coal, and has some good limber land. Farms 1.74S ; raanuf. 153 i dwell. 4.06-2, and pop.— wh. 23.1S0, IV. col. 92— total 23,272. CapUal : Sunbury. I>uUic Worlfi : Bnnbury and Erie K. E., and several raih*oads to the mines from Sunbury, etc. NoKTOcMTJEnLASD county, Virff. Situate E. on Chesa- •peake bay, and contains 143 sq. m. Drained by small streams whicli flow into the Potomac and the Chesapeake. Surface generally level; soil of average fertility. Chief pro- ductinns, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 492; mamif. 3; dwell. 639, and pop.— wb. 3,073, fr. coL 509, si. 3,755— total 7,:>46. Capital: Heathsville. NonxnuMiJEELAND, t, p. V., and sta., Coos co., 2^. Hatnjx : on Connecticut r. and both sides of Upper Ammonoosue r., 9.3 m. N. Concord. The soil along the Connecticut is very fertile. Here are falls in tbe r., and a dam across its whole width aflbrds great water-power on each side to mills of various kinds. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E. passes through the v., 122 m. from Portland. Pop, of t 429. North ITU GERLAND, t. and p. o., Saratoga co., 2/. Y. : on W. aide Hudson r.. 36 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface level ; soil sandy loam, well drained. The Saratoga and Wasliiug- ton R. E. passes through the N. "W. part. Pop. 1,775. North uiiBERLAKD, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn. : at the confluence of the E. and W. branches of the Susque- hanna r., 54 m. N. Harrisburg. A bridge spans each branch of the r. The Shamoken dam, 2,7S3 feet long, crosses the river, having a chute 650 feet long and 64 feet wide. The Susquehanna N. and W. branch canals meet here, but not afford as much business to the place as formerly. A railroad is contemplated to pass through to connect with the Catawissa branches E., N., N. E., N. W., and S. roulca. The streets are regularly and well laid out, and the village affords a quiet and pleasant place ol residence. P. 1,041- North Union, p. o,, Washington co., Ohio : S2 m. E. S. E. Columbus. North Union, p. o., Lincoln coimty, Me. : on E. side of Muscongus r., 27 m. E. S. E. Augusta, North Uniontown, p. o.. Highland co., Ohio: 63 m, S. W. by S. Cohunbus. North Urbana, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y.: on W. side of Crooked lake, ISG m. W. by S. Albany. . North Vassalborough, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. side of Kennebec r., 14 m. N. N. E. Augusta. North Vernon, p. o., Shiawassee county, Midi. : 82 ul E. N. E. by E. Lansing. NoRTirviLLE, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : on E. Aspetuek river, 3S m. W. by S. Hartford. NoRTHviLLE, p. V., La Sallo county, HI. ; 97 m. N. N E. Springfield. Pop. 961. NoBTHviLLE, Sta., Plymouth co.. Mans.: on Bridgewater Branch R. R., 22 m. from Boston. NoRTuvTLLE, p. V., Wayuc county, Mich, : 57 m. E. S. E. Lansing, on the W. branch of the Eouge r., at the conflo* ence of the outlet of the Walled lake. Here are great natural advantages for manufacturing, there being 37 feet of water-power. Considerable capital is already employed, NoETiiviLLE, p. 0., FuUon CO., JV. K; on E. bank of Sa*- condaga r., 44 m. N. "W. by N. Albany. NoRTHviLLE, p. V., Erie CO., Fenn. : 20S m. N. "W. by W. Harrisburg. North Waldobobougij, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 28 nk S. E. by E. Augusta. North Wardsborough, p. o., "Windham co., Vemui S4 m. S. MontpoUer. North Washington, p. v., Westmoreland eo., Penn,: 141 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. North Waterfoed, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 43 m. W. by ^ Augusta. North Wayne, p. c, Kennebec co., Mc: 17 m. W. Augusta. North West, t and p. o., Williams co., Ohio: 144 no. N. W. Columbus. Soil fertile. Drained by branches of St Joseph's r. Pop. 343. North West bay, X. Y. : on W. side of Lake ChamplaiD. North West Bkidgewateb, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass.: 22 ni. S. Boston. NoRTfl Western, p. o., Oneida county, IT. Y. : 101 m» W. N. W. Albany. North West Fork, hund., Sussex co., Del. : on W. side of Nanticoke r., SO m. S. by W. Dover. Area, 76,450 acrea. North West Mine, p. o., Houghton co.. Mich, : 800 m. N. N. W. Lansing, Cue of the most productive mines of the Suite. North West River Bridge, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg^ : on North West r., 96 m. S. E. Eichmond. THE NORTH WEST TERRITORY. The North West Territory is situate between the parallels of ^KO and 49^ latitudes north, and extends east and we^ between 99° 112° Ittngitudes west from Greenwich, or 21° 5S' and 34° 5S' from Wjishington. It is bounded on the north by the British possessions, on the east by White Earth and Missouri rivers, which separate it from Minnesota Territory, on the south by Nebraska Territory, and on the west by the crest of the Rocky Mountains, which divides it from Oregon and M*ashington territories. On the east and west its outline is irregular, conforming to the course of the Missouri on one side, and to that of the Rocky Mountains on the other side. The average length of the country, east and west, is about 530 miles, and the average breadth, north and soulh, about 420 miles, with an area of 223,000 square miles. (The extent of th>j legion, according to the census of 1850. is stated at 5S7,564 square miles, a statement evidently incorrect). The general surface of this region is highly diversified by mountiiins, valleys, and plains. The greater portion of the country is inclosed between the Rocky and Wind River mountains and the Black Hills, a continuation of the latter north- ward. The immense basin formed by these mountains is drained by the Missouri and its great tributary, the Yellow Stone, which, with their numerous affluents, reach to Ita farthest boundaries west, south, and east. On the north of Iho busin is also a watershed dividing the streams flowing northward through the British possessions from those tributary to tho great rivers just noticed. It is thus hemmed in on every sid^ and fomis a distinct geographical section. The Mis- Biuri rises in numerous head streams from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of the sources of the southern branch of 603 NOR NOR the Columbia of Oregon. Its course is first norlh, then east to the Black HilU, near the edijo of which it receives the Yellow Sloiie, a river having its principal sources in the Wiml Kiver Mountains, ami after turniiiii the Biaek Hills in About latitude ^S° north, it haa a course south-east and south, forming in its mcauiierin,i;3 the eastern border nf the Ter- ritcwy. From the east side of the Black Hills it also receives numerous tributaries, but none of large size. 'Ihe slopes of tJ]0 country are indicated by the direction of its streams: within the basin the inclination is to the uurih and ni>rth-ea3t up to the Mi:^souri, and from thence the country rises to the norlh, and outside, east of the Black Hills, it slupes to the east. Both the Missouri and Yellow Stone are navigable fur light draft steamers, and hence, whenever tliis countiy becomes Ihe residence of civilized man, the capacity at these streams will oj)en to him a higlnvay to the niarl^ets of the South and East, while their tributary streams, rapid and broken m they are, will alTord everj^ facility for milling and the manufactiires. On the whole, it is an eligible country fi>r settlement, having timber of various kinds of niagniflceut growlh. a fine soil, and a climate, if not congenial to the tender i)Iant, on account of its northern inland situatiun, yet one in which most of the usual farming operations may be profitably carried on. For salubrity it is unsurpassed. It is a second riah. as regards its topography, wilhout its deserts and sandy plains. This Territory fnrmed a part of the Louisiana purchase. It is not yet organized, but retains the name of the North "West Territory, from its being the only unorganized remnant of that once largo district so named, and to which it was allacherl soon after its acquisition by the United States. The hunter and trapper, or the red man of the forests, are its scde occupants at the present time, but the day is not far distant on which the pioneer of civilization will cross the groat river to make his home in its rich valleys, and drive his flocks and herds to the hills for range and pasture. NoHTn WETnEusFnELD, p. 0., "Wyoming co,,iV; Y. : 231 m. W. Albany. North "Wbymoftii, p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., 3f';;^ was $150,000, and the value of the annual P™""^'^ f "Z?"^ There are several furnaces and numerous saw-m lis ,n the town and stores of every description. Population of ^Zt^^Tp. cit., -0 semi-cap. ^ew London co Con,,. : on Than.e, r., at head of nav,ga.«n ; 8S -^- ^'f; •u—tr/,,,! i7ni F N E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41" <5-S io"=- ^C ' TUe ;urra:eof t. is.neven and hilly ; soil fer- ^; well watered. The t. contains, besides the e.ty,three v Norwich Town. Norwich Falls, and Greenville. The cty is situated at the Junction of Qulnnebaug and Yantic rivers, on a tep declivity, and presents a very beautiful -^ r"™-'- innearance It contains a court-house, jail, town hall, S r cTes ie. There are 4 banks, with cap. of $,,9S7,T2o .nd 3 large insurance cotnpanies. Two newspapers are pubUshed, •'». Courier- (whig), tri-weekly and w-eeklv ; and "N. Aurora" (dem.), weekly. Three railroads pass toou-h the city ; from New London, 13 m. ; from WorcesU r, B9 m • from Williman.ic, 5T m. A line of steamboats plies dai" rom Allyn's point to New York. Both Qumnebaug a^d Yantic rivers an^ord very great water-power, which i improved by numerous manufactories «[ P"P". P"":;"' =;";^ woolen goois. hardware, pottery, etc. The \ antic Fa Is are rpicturesque cataract, and invested with "j^-- - -^ ' Pop. in 1S30, of city, 3,144 ; t. inc. city 5,li9 ; in 1S40, city, 4,200 ; of t inc. city, T,239 ; in 1S50, t. inc. eitj- 10,2to. Nouwicu, U and p. o., Hampshire co., M„xs.: 91 m. •Whys Boston, surface mountainous. Drained by Wcsl- fleld r., which affords water-power. The Western P.. 1.. touches the S. W. cor. at Chester Village, 119 miles from Boston, 81 m. from Albany. Pop. T56. „ v . „n Nonw.cH, t, p. v.. and cap. Chenango CO., JK T.: on Chenango r., 95 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t diversi- fied; Bofl is generally good for grazing Th-= ui^ ,,i,„„,inn stream unite in Lake co., and flowing m W. direction through Mason Co., it empties inU, Marquette lake. NoTRF. Dame, p. v., St. Joseph CO., Jmi. : i m. N. Soulh Bend 130 m.N.by W. Indianapolis. H"e is -eah,d the rniversits of Notre Dame du Lac, establushed in 18KJ. w"n associated on an extensive farm, a novitiate for the priests and a manual labor school for boys. . g. „ ' NOTWWAV, t. and p. v., St. Joseph's co., Mtch.. 63 m. S W Lansink Surface of t undulating ; soil very fertile. Drained by St. Joseph and Prairie rivers. Top l,16o^ NornsGnA.M, p.v„ Prince George's eo., Ud.. on W. side of Patuvent r., 20 m. 3. S. W. Annapolis. No^," "iiAi, p. o.. Wells CO., Ind. : on S. side of Wabash r., SO m. N. E. Indianapolis. No-msGn.^-M, t. and p. 0., Harrison county mw. 95 m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branch of Tuscarawas r. ^No^t'oHAM. t. and p. o., Eockingham co., N. Bamp. : "1 m E S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,2GS. NottLngham, P.O., Davis co., la. : T7 m. S. W. by S. Iowa '^NoTnNGHAx.Ttmsp.KE, p. o., Eockingham co., KUamp.: 21 m. E. by S. Concord. .^ q tit n" TT..A, p. 0., Cherokee co., ^r. Car. : 320 m. W. S. W. ""'noI^owat county, Virf,. Situate 8. E. centrally, and contains 264 sq. m. Drained by Nottoway nver and its branches, and tributaries of the Appomatox river binface an evtended plain : soil fertile, and very productive C icf artUMes of production, Indian corn, tobacco, and c„t«n Farms 342 ' niauuf. IT ; dwelt. 492, and pop. «l'-2.2.>; ft-. 11 186,sl. 6,050-total 8,4ST. Capital: Nottoway CI. / .'^- °^ l.l*s: Eichmond and Danville E. E.t SouthSide K. R^ NorrowAV. p. v., and cap. Nottoway county, nn>.: on Nottoway r., 44 m. S. W. Eichmond. ^ "^NorowAV river, Vuv. and K Car.: rises ,n Pnnce Edward CO., flows mainly in S. E. du-celion, through S. W. p^^aon of Virg., and passing into N. Cur., unites with Meherrinr, in Gates CO., forming Chowan nver^ Novi, I. and p. v., Oakland co., Mich. : 61 m. E_S. E Lnnsin.;. Surface of t. is rolling, and iswell timbered tsoU good Drained by the W. branch of the Eouge r and ts freeks. The v. is on the E. side of r., 2 m. S. of Walled lake. Pop. of t. 1.428. c. ... w V NoXACATEE, p. o., Wiustou couuty, Mm.: S4 m. N. E. "'"uEE county. Miss. Situate E., and contains 678 sq. m Drained by tributaries of W. fork of Tombigbee nver. "urf^e moderately even; soil fertile Chief produe, on., entlon and Indian corn. Farms 61C; manuf 31 dwell. Ss and pop.-wh. 4.976, fr. col. 0, si. ll,S23-total 16,299. ,Li: Macon. PMic Wor.s: Mobile and Ohio E. E. N0VESVI1.LE, p. v., Cook CO., Ill : on the Des Plaincs r., 167 m N E by N.Springfield. Galena and Chicago Union E. E. passes through the village, 10 m. W. Chicago. NnBBiN EibGE, P.O., Hardeman county, Knn.: 140 m. S. W. Nashville. , „„. NCECKS county. Tex. Situate S., and contains about 6,-00 so m. Drained by branches of the Eio Nueces, which foruB its N an.l N. W. boundaries, and by the rivers Ag la Te, San Feriiandes, and Trinidad, which fall nto the 'si .the S. E. portion of the county. Surface undulating, ;me parta slighUy elevated ; soil on the «-n.s very er- lile consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand, .and f orXr-^tton and corn, but in general is best adapted or pasturage, A portion of the county ^.P--;"; ■""'/ small part is thickly wooded. Salt Lagoon .s situa e S. E and Lagunadel Madre forms the eastern boutjd a r>. The Ncuces is the principal river, and U navigable lor small hoTt f or about 100 m les from its mouth. Farms 8 ; manut NUE OAK 2; dvell. 151. and'pop.— wh. 650, fr. col. 1, si. 47— lotal 695. Caj'it' co., Perm.: in the village of Landisburg, 23 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. A coal blast furnace, with an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, is situ- ate here. Oakham, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: 53 m. W. Boston. Drained chiefly by Ware r., which bounds it on the N., and also by several small rivulets jiassing through it Surface rolling; soil good, affording excellent pasturi^e for cattle. Pop. 1,137. Oakhill, p. v.. Newton co.. Ga. : near one of the forks of Oomulgee r., 59 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Oak ITill, p. o., Franklin county, Ala.: 185 m. S. B. E. Monigomery. Oak Hill, p. o., Hardin coimty, Ki/. : about 67 m. S. W. Frankf<'rt. Oak Hill, p. o. and sta., Cumberland cn.^Me.: on the line of the Kennebec and Portland E. E., 23 m. from Port- land and 30 m. S. i W. Augusta. Oak Hill. p. v., Lake co., III. : near Lake Michigan, 195 m. N. E. Springfield. Oak Hill, p. v., Jefferson co., Wisc. : 40 m. W. by S. Madison. Oak Hill, p. c, Greene co., xV. Y.: on the line of the Hudson River R. R., 110 m. from New Tork City. 82 m. S. W. Albany. Oak IUll, p. o., Granville co., K Car.: about 48 jn. N. Raleigh. Oak Hill, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: on the lino of the Scioto an«l H Car. : 97 m. 8. 8. W. Raleigh. Oak Level, p. c, Benton county, Ala. : 103 m. N. by E. Montgomery. 612 Oak Level, p. c, Henry county, Vlrg. : 181 m. 3. 'W. Richmond. Oaklev, p. o., Overton county, Tenn.: S5 m. E. byN. Nashville. Oakley, p. o., Macon co., III. : 35 m. E. Springfield. Oakley, p. v., Mechleoburg co., Virg. : on a branch of Dan r., 59 m. S. W. Richmond. Oakley, p. o., Lewis co., Mo. : 106 m. N. by E, Jefferson City. Oakley, p. o., Franklin parish, La, : 119 m. N. by "W. Baton Rouge. Oakmulgee, p. o., Bedford county, Vlrg, : on line of the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., 29 m. W. of Lynchburg, 97 m. W. by S. Riclnnond. Oakouay, p. o., Covington co.. Miss. : 52 m. 8. E. Jackson. Oak Obchakd, p. v., Orleans co., N. T. : 243 m, W. by N. Albany. Oak Plains, p. o., Livingston co., Mich. ; 32 m. S. E. Lansing. Oak PotNT, p. o., St. Lawrence county, N. T. : 157 m. N. by W. Albany. Oak Point, p. o., Clatsop co., Oreg. Ter.: on the 8. sido of Columbia r., 80 m. N. Salem. It occupies a site imme- diately opposite the E. end of Gull Island. Oak Point, p. o., Van Buren co., la. : 63 m. 8. by W. Iowa City. Oak Ridge, p. c, Hancock co., Ohio: 72 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Oak Rldge, p. o., Greene co., Ark. : on a branch of Eel river, 114 m. N. E. Little Rock. Oak llroGE, p. o., Graves county, Ky.: 227 m. 8. W, Frankfort. Oak Ridge, p. c, Meriwether county, Oa. : 65 m. W. Milled gevi lie. Oak Ridge, p. o., Guilford CO., K. Car. : 75 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Oak's Cohners, p. v., Ontario co., K. Y. : 173 m."W. by N. Albany. Oak Shade, p. o., Culpepper co., Virg. : 63 m. N. by W, Richmond. Oak Spring, p. o., Ballard county, Ky. : 241 m. 8. W. Frankfort. Oak Spring, p. v., Davis Co., la. : on S. side of Soap cr., 75 ra. 8. W. Iowa City. Oak's Snop, p. o., Pittsylvania Co., Virg. : 115 m. 8. W. Richmond. Oaksville, p. y., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch of the Susquehanna r., 67 m. W. Albany. ()aktiubeua, p. o., Kemper co., Miss. : 95 m. E. N. E. Jackson. Oaktille, p. 0., Union co.. Ark. : 107 m. S. by W. Little Rock. Oakville, p. v., Lawrence county, Ala. : 145 m. N. W. Montgomery. Oakville, p. o., Madison county, Tenn. : 121 m. 8. W. Nashville. Oaktille, p. o., St Mary's co., Md. : 41 m. S. Annapolis. Oaktille, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 70 m. S. E. Lansing. Oaktille, p. v., SL Louis co.. Mo. : near the W. side of the Mississippi, 157 m. E. Jefferson City, and IS m. S. by "W. St. Louis City. Oaktille, p. o., Union county, N. Car, : 313 m. 8. W. Raleigh, Oaktille, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn.: "W. from- Harrison. Oakville, p. v., Lc-xington dist., >S1 Car.: 13 m. N. W. Columbia. Oakville, p. o., Appomattox co., Virg, : about 65 m. W. Richmond. Oakwoods, p. 0., Fleming county, Ky. : 71 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Oak Woods, p. o., Grant county, Ind. : 57 m. N. E. Indianapolis. OAS OASIS, p. o., Marquette co., Wise, : 52 m. N. Madison. OATLiNDS, p. o., Loudon co., Virff. : 103 m. N. Eichmnnd. O'Eannons. 6ta., JefftTson county, Ky. : on the Lonis\ine and Prankfort K. K., 15 m. E. Louisville, and 14 m. W. Frankfort, Oberlin, p. v., Lorain co., Ohio : on the E. side of "W. branch of Black r., where it i* crossed by tlie ToUdn, Nnr- walk, and Cleveland R. R., 09 ni. N. N. E. Columbus. It is the seal of Oberlin College, to the benefils of which both male and female students are admitted— manual labor forming part of the instruction. It is tinder Cong:regalional influence; was founded in 1*?4, and in 1S5I), had a presi- dent, 12 instructors, 199 alumni (of whom 130 are in the ministry), and 6G students. There is a library attached to the college containing 4,'2ii0 volumes. Its theological de- partment lias S professors, 20 students, and 124 alumni, with a library containing 250 volumes. The " Oberlin Evangelist" (relig.), a semi-monthly paper, is published here. Obion county, Tm^u Situate N. "W., and contains 1,012 eq. m. Drained by Redfoot and Obion rivers, tributaries of the Mississijipi r., which forms its western boundary. Sur- face level, and on the Mississippi low and subject to sub- mersion ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton and tobacco. It has some limber land and g(K)d pasturage for cattle. Farms 658; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,131, and pop.— wh. 6,572, fr. col. 4, si. 1,057— total 7,633. Capital: Troy. PuhMc Work^ : Mobile and Ohio R. R, ; Nashville and Mississippi R. R. Obion, p. o., Hickman co., A'//. ; 253 m. S. W. Frankfort. Obion river, Tenn. : the principal head branches rise in Henry and Carroll counties, and pursuing a W. and S. W. course flow into the Mississippi at Hales Point. Obion, Weakly, Henry, Carroll, Gibson, and Dyer counties are well drained by this river and its tributaries. O'Brien county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 576 eq. m. Drained by branches of Little Sioux r. Surface rolling, a large portion being prairie ; soil fertile, and is wt-U adapted to wheat, com, fruit, etc. ; valuable timbers line the streams. Capital: Ainsley. OccoQUAM, p. v., Prince "Winiam co., Tir^. : on W. side of the Occoquam r., T5 m. N. Richmond. OccoQUAM river, Virff. : the most important tributary of the Potomac, rises in Fauquier and Prince William counties, flows S. E., separating Fairfax and Prince William counties, and empties into the Potomac. The tide flows up 7 m. to the town of the same name, above which the river descends 72 feet in the distance of a mile and a half, and to which small sea vessels ascend. OccTTPAciA, p. c, Essex county, Virg. : 87 miles N. E. Eiehmond. Ocean county, IT. Jer. Situate E. toward the S.. and contains 455 sq. m. Drained by Tom's r. and Cedar, Man- ahoeking. and Westecunck creeks. Surface level ; soil in parts fertile, and consisting chiefly of sand with elay inter- mixed. There is good pasturage for cattle. Farms 379 ; ■ manuf. 52; dwell. 1,753, and pop.— wh. 9,SS3, fr. col. 149— total 10,032. Capital : Tom's River Village. OcKAN. t. and p. o., Monmouth co., N. Jer. : running par- allel with the Atlantic Ocean, 86, m. E.Trenton. Drained by Whale Pond cr., Corlies or Great Pond cr., and other small streams emptying into the ocean. Surface in the W. hilly, otherwise level ; soil loam, sand, and elay. In the N. E., on a promontory extending several miles, is Sandy Hook, on which is a revolving light and two beacons. The t is well supplied with water privileges, and contains sev- eral mills and manufactories. Set off from Shrewsbury in 1S49. Pop. 3.767. Oceana county. Mich. Situate N. W. of the S. peninsula, and contains 763 sq. m. Drained by White and Maj^kegon rivers, the former of which Inverses its central part Sur- face slightly undulating: soil f.-rtile and productive. Farms ;■ manuf. 2 ; dwell. 5S, and pop.— wh. 232, Tr. col. 19— total 801. Capital: OGD Ocean Pop.t, p. o., Monmouth co., JV". Jer..* 30 m. E. Trenton. OcROLA county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by head branches nf Little Sioux r. Sur- face undnl.iting, and diversified with lakes. Much of the land is prairie, and a portion of it is well wooded. Laid off since ls5ii. OcEoi.A, p. 0., Cherokee county, Ala.: 133 m. N. by E. Montgomery. OcEoLA. p. v., and cap. Mississippi co., ArTc. : on the Mis- si89iy>pi r., S7 m. above Memphis. Ti^un., 157 m. E. N. E. Little Rock, at the head of Plimih Point Bam^ the most difficult and dangerous part of the Mississippi r. Many steamboats have been sunk hero, and portions of them may be seen at low water. It contains the court-house, etc. OcEOLA, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on Broken Sword cr. of Sandusky r., 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. OcEOLA Centre, p. o., Livingston county, Mich. : 35 m. E. by S. Lansing. OcuESEE, p. v.. Calhoun co., Flor.: on W. bank of Ap- palachieola r.. and on the Appalachicola post-road, 38 m. W. by N. Tallahassee. OcKi,ocKONT, p. o., Thomas co., Ga.: 181 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. OcMLTLGBE, p. o., Pcrry county, Ala.: 43 m. W. by N. Montgomery. OcMTLGEE river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region S. of the Chattahoochee in De Kalb and Gwinnett counties, flowing 250 m. in a S. and E. direction, is joined by the Oconee r. on the S. border of Montgomery' co., where they form the Alalaniaha, which empties into the sound so called of the Atlantic Ocean. The river is navigable for small steam- boats as far up as Macon. Bibb eo. It has several branches, which afford excellent water-power to several counties ia its course. OcMrLGEEVTLLE, p. 0., Tclfair CO., Ga.: 79 m. S. by E. Milledgeville. OcoA. p. o., Polk CO., Tenn. : 137 m. S. E. Nashville, OcoLA, p. v., and cap. Marion county, Flor. : on the St. Augustin and Tall.'diassee post-road, 157 m. S. E. Tallahas- see. Situate about 5 m. N. from Fort King. It is the seat of the county court-house. The " Ocola Argus" (whig) is published weekly. OeoNA LuFTT, p. o., Haywood co., N. Car. : situate in th« W. part of the county, 2G3 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Oconee, p. v., Washington co., Ga. : on the E. side of Oconee r., and on the line of the Central (Georgia) R. E., 147 m. N. W. Savannah, and 23 m. S. E. MilUdgeville. Oconee river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region near the Chattahoochee r. in Hall co., running a S. by E. course 200 m. ; connects with the Ocmulgce, and forms the Alataraaha r.. which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Appalaehle river and Indian creek are its principal Itranches. Oconee Station, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car. : 131 m. N. W. Columbia. OcoNoMowocK, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 4S m. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Rock r., which pa98 through the N. and S. of it, afl'ording excellent water-power. Throe lakes form the S. boundary. There is some good timber land in the town. The v., which is small, is in the S. part, on a branch of Rock river. Pop. of 1 1,218. OcBAcoKE, p. v., Hyde co , A' Car. : on the island near Ocracoke inlet, and about 25 m. S. by W. Cape Hatteras, 153 m. E. by S. Raleigh. OcTAP.AnA, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: near a creek by same name. 53 m. K. S. E. Harrisburg. Oknca, p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 29 m. W. Madison. 0GA1.I.A, p. o., Cliippewa co,,W7.9c. ; 162 m. N.W. Madison. OoPF.N, p. v., Henry co., /»(?.; on the Indiana Central R. R. 31 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. .OnnKN. t. and p. o,. Monroe co., y. Y.: 221 m. W. by N. Albany, and 13 m. Rochester. Surface level ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon cr. The Eochester, Lockport, 613 OGB OHT and Niagara Falls R. E., and Erie Canal pass through, on the latter of which Adam's Basin is siluated. Tlicre are in the t, several ston-s and mills, a furnace, aud a number of other industriul establishments. Pop, 2,59S. Ogdes, p. v., New Madrid co., iVo. ; between Lake St. John's and St. Mary, 18S m. S. E. Jefferson Cify. OoDEN City, p. v., "Weber co., Utah Ter.: on N. side of "Weber r., 157 m. N. FiUmore City. OGDENsnrp.o, p. V. and port of entry, St Lawrence co., J^. Y.: on the right bank of St. Lawrence r., at the mouth of Oswegalchie r., 161 m. N. "SV. Albany. The Northern E. K. has its western terminus at this place, and steamers ply hence daily for the river and hike ports, making it a dep6t of great importance. Prescott, a large town, lies on the opposite side of the river, here \\ m. broad, and is con- nected by a steam ferry. The v. contains immense depots, and other warehouses, stores of every description, 3 banks, foundries, machine shops, and other industrial establish- ments, schools, and churches, and, on the whole, is one of the most progressive villages of the State. The manufac- tures of this place find an immense water-power on the Oswegatchie, on which there are falls. It is at the lower termination of sloop navigation, but steamboats go to the rapids, 40 m. below, and thence pass by Ogdensburg to the various places on Lake Ontario. Pop. about 6,000. The v. is connected with Boston and New York by railroad — dis- tance to Boston 403 m., and to New York City 4S2 miles. Ogdensburg has 4 newspapers, the St. Lawrence Repub- lican" (dcm.), the " 0. Sentinel" (whig), the " O. Forum" (whig), anie. The Ohio runs along the southern border for nearly 600 miles, and the principal rivers falling into it tire the Muskingum, the lloekhocking, the Scioto, the Little Miami, the Miami, etc. The Muskin^mn^ which enters the Ohio at Marie4ta, ri.scs in the northern watershed, near tJ»e head waters of the Cuyahoga, and drains a beautiful and fertile district. It is about 120 miles in length, and is navigable during a gri-'aler part of the year by small steam"boats to Zanesville, 75 miles, and by batteaux to Coshocton, 110 miles, and abovo this small boats ascend to within a mile of the Cuyahoga. Sandy River and Wills Creek, on the east, and Walhonding or Wbiti>woman"s River, and the Licking, from the west, are its principal tributaries, and are useful mill streams. The JTovklMckhig rises on the southern ridge, and reaches the Ohio at Hocking Port, after a course of SO miles through a, hilly and picturi'sque country, abounding in yellow pine. It is narrow and deep, and navigable for small boats to Athens. The 614 OHIO. Hocking Canal ril!i>\vs the course of this river. Tiie ScioUy is a fine navigable slri^ani. entering tlic Ohio at Portsmonth. It flows through a wide and ferlilf? vallL-y. nod In the upper part of its course i's snrrounde'l hy rich atid beanliriil prairies. Boats have ascendi-d almost to its source, near Bucyrus. and passed by a portasre of 4 miles Into Uie Sandusky aiirl hake Erie. Delaware, Columbus, Ciroleville. Ciiillieotlie, and Piketon are the principal places on ils banks. The LWte Miami has its rise in the soalhern ridge, and allhouLfh tuo mueli broken by fidls to be useful as a navigable chainiel. it is a fine mill stream, furnishing an abundant supply of walir for manufacturing purposes. It enters the Ohio abmit 12 miles above Cincinnati. The head waters of the Jfiinni, or Biij Miami, appro.tch very near to those of (he Seioto, ihe Auijlaise, and the St. Marj's; its current is rapid, but it is navigable fur some 70 or SO miles. At several poinis — at Sidney, Troy, Day- ton, and Hamilton— it furnishes excellent water-power, especially at Dayton, where it has been greatly imi>roved for manufacturing purposes. It is 200 yards wide at ils mouth, and enters the Ohio in the south-western corner of the State, after a course of 100 miles. Among the northern rivers are the Maumee, Sandusky, Cuyahoga, etc. The 3f(iuviee, or Miami of the Lake, whicli has its source in Indiana, is tlie principal ; it is formed by the junction of Litlle St. .Toseph'a, St. Mary's, and Great and Little Auglaize rivers. Its length is about 100 miles, and 50 miles from its mouth it is 70 rods wide. The navigation is open to scli'wners and steamboats IS miles to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall it Is boalable to Fort Wayne, and at all times furnishes extensive water-power. The river bottoms are extensive and fertile, and the banks arc high and heavily timbered. It enters Lake Erie through Maumee Bay. The Sajidusl'y is a rapiy piers, forms the harbor of Cleveland. Besides these there are other important streams flowing into the lake, a-s Portage Paver, navigable for 12 miles from Port Clinlnn ; Huron River, navisahle U'> Milan, 14 miles, and entering the lake at Port Huron; Vermillion Kiver, Black River, Rocky River, etc., all of which are navigable to a grealer or less extent, and which, at their mouths, furnish harbors. Ohio is one of the richest mineral St-ates of the Union. Iron, co.tI, and lime — the most useful of minernls — abound in all the eastern portion of the State, and are deposited in beds of vast thickness. Salt springs are numerous in the same region. The coal of Ohio is bituminous, and lies very accessible, requiring comparatively little capital to handle if, but aa yet there is, except in some of the principal cities — Cincinnati, Dayton, Cleveland, etc.— but little manufacturing, and in a, large portion of the State the people are not sufficiently near the mines or public works to use coal in competition with wood. Time and the axe, however, are rapidly destroying the foreM, and wood is fnst rising in price ; and the period is not distant when the whole people of the Central West will use coal. The progress of the fiiilroad will ha*t--n this revo- lution In the industrial and domestic economy of the Slate. Tho m.arketable production of coal in Ohio may be deter- mined approximately by the report of the Board of Public Works. The principal points of coal mining are at Talmadge, Summit County; Pomeroy, Meigs County ; Nelsonvilie, Athens County ; and some points in Stark and Coshoeton counties. The amount brought to market from these several points in 1S50-51 was as follows: from Akron, 3.052,850 bu^ibels : from Massil<*n, 186.893 bushels ; from Dover, 59,150 bushels ; from Roscoe, 260,256 bushels ; from Nelsonville, 9;0.150 biisheJs ; anti from Pomeroy, about 2,lX)0,000 bushels — in all, 6.4S0.299 bushels. This is but a sixteenth part of the coal brought to market from Easton, Pennsylvania, yet it is a large amount, and a large increase on the production a few years since. It is about the production of Pennsylvania 15 years ago. May not the increase of ihe c<:>al trade in Ohio be as rapid as that of Pennsylvania? If so, what an important effect it will have on the industry and internal commerce of the State. The consumption of coal in the interior towns is gradually increasing. In 1850, Columbus took 2S5.521, and in ISol, 499.951 bushels ; Circleville, in 1S50, 66.109, and in 1S51, 93,S29 ; Chillicothe, in ISoO, 18:3,139, and in 1851, 205,867 ; M'Connells- ville, in 1850. 46.285. and in 1851, 68,444; Middletown, in 1350, 19,(i25, and in 1S51, 16.305; Dayton, in 1850. 89,953, and in 1851, 63.840 ; and Piqua, in 1850, 8.86==. and in 1851, 9.6TT bushels ; total in these places— in 1850, 639.900 bushels, and in 1S51, 957,893 bushels. These are nominally small quantities, but the increase (50 per cent.) in one year is quit^ remarka- ble, and proves that as wood rises in price, as manufactures increase and railmads extend, that the consumption of coal will in— wh. 939, fr. col, 8 — total 947; hlind — wh, 05^3, ft-, eol. 1'2 — total 665; JMnTUj— wh. 1,3.3.5, fr. col. 17— total 1,852 ; and MioUe—yih. 1,.S80, fr. col. 19— total 1,899. The number of free persons bom in the United States was 1,757,556 ; the number of foreign birth, 218,512 ; and ol birth unknown, 4,393. The nativa 616 OHIO. populalinn originated as follows : Mainci S,3U, N. Hamp. 4,821, Verm. 14,320, Mass. 18,T63, E. I. l,95n, Conn. 22,865, New York 88.979, N. Jer. 2.3.532, Ponn. 200,634, Del. 4,T15, Md. 3G,09S, Disl. of Col. 598, Vire. 85,TG2, N. Car. 4,807, S. Ciir. 1,468, Ga. 447, Flor, 17, Ala. 219, Miss. 422, La. 648, Tex. 39, Arlc. 141, Tcnn. 1.S73, Ky. 18,829, Ohio 1,219,432, Mich, 2,233, Ind. T,877, 111. 1,416, Mo. 656, la. 878, Wise. 196, Calif. 0, Territories 24. Ami \ha foreian population was composed of persons from— England 25,060, Ireland 51,662, Scotland 5,232, Wales 5,849, Germany 111,257, France 7,376. Spain IS, Portugal T, Belgium 108. Holland .348, Turkey 1, Italy 174, Austria 29, Switzeriand 3,291, Russia 84, Denmark 63, Norway 18, Sweden 65, Prussia 766, Sardinia 15, fxreece 0, China 3, Asia G, Africa 7, British America 5,880, Mexico 26, Central America 12, S. America 41, West Indies 86, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 544. The following table will show the decennial increase of the population, since the first census oT the State taken by the Uniled States authorities : Colored t'eraons- Decennial Increase. Census While f ■ . Total t ' , Years. I'ersona. Free- Slave. Tolal. Poiinlatron. Kumencal. I'er cent. ISOO 4.5,028 .337 — .337 4.6.8G5 — — 1810 228,861 1,899 — 1,899 2311,700 189.895 40S.7 1820 576,572 4,863 — 4,*63 581,4:34 850,674 161.9 18:30 , 928,.329 9,568 6 9,574 9.37,903 .3.50.409 61.3 1840 1,502,122 17,M2 3 17,346 1.619,407 581,504 62.0 1850 1,956,108 24,300 — 24,300 1,980,408 460,941 30.8 The definite statistica of its wealth, productions, iudnslry, and institutions, according to the census of 18.00 and other official returns, are as follows : Live-Stock.— 1\ii^ nuniiier of animals of the several descriptions in 1840 and 1850 are shown in the following table, also the ratio of increase and decrease from the first to the latter period ; Deacription. 1^0. 18.50. Movement. Dorses I jqo i.jt i,»i,h J 463,:397 head i Asses and Mules f **'''^" ^^^^ 1 3!428 " } "'«■• 8<=,293 bead, or 8,4 per ce.»t. Milch Con(S 1 I 544,499 " j Working O.-cen !-l,217,S74 " J. 65,:3.sl " I inor. 141,073 " or 11,6 " OtherCattle ) 1 749,067 " I Sheep 2,028,401 " 8,942,929 " »««-, 1,914.528 ' " or 043 " Swine 2,099,746 " 1,964,770 " deer. 134,970 " or 0.4 " —in 1850, the whole was valued at $44,121,741. Grain C/'oyjs.— Wheat, 14,457,:351 bushels; rye, 425.713 bushels; Indian corn, 59,078,095 bushels; oats, 13,472,742 bushels; barley, 354,368 bushels; and buckwheat, G3S,064 bushels. On comparing these with the returns of 184U, the following results are attained : Crops. 1S40. IP.'^O- Movement, ■Wheat 16,571 ,661 bushels 14,4^7,351 bushels deer. 2,084,310 bushels, or 12.5 per cent. Kye 814.205 " 425,718 Indian com 33,663,144 " 59,078,695 Oats 14,39.3,103 " 13,472,743 Barley 212,440 " 354,3,'.S Buckwheat 633,139 " 638,004 ("In some of the largest wheat-growing Suites, the crops of 1849 fell far below the average. In the State of Ohio, espe- cially, was there great deficiency, anrl was made apparent by the returns of the wheat crop for the ensuing year — made in pursuance of an act of the legislature of that State. From the almost universal returns of "short eroj)" by the mar- Bhal in that State in 1849, which fell below that of 1S39 two millions of bushels and the ascertained crop of 1S50, we are fully satisfied that the average wheat crop of Ohio would appear thirty per cent, greater than shown by the census returns. The same causes which operated to diminish the wheat crop of Ohio were not without their effects upon that of other States bordering on the upper portion of the valley of the Miasissijipi.")— iJ<42 pounds ; and the vahie of animiiU slaughtered during the year lS4'J-50, waa $7,4^i9,'243. The wool crop, according tu the .^lhsus of 1S40, amounted to 3,655.515 pounds, and hence tho increase of that of 1S50 was in the ratio of 176.6 per centum. In 1S40, tho average clip per fleece waa 1.S2 pounds, and in 1550, *2.59 i>uunda, making an increase equal to 12.3 oz. nearly, or 42.3 per centum, and exhibiting an improvement in tlie breeds in a like ratio. OccnpU'd Lands, S 37,899 14.416 104,473 Yalue of products dollars.... 1,255,850 8,069,350 1,076,192 5,391,393 In 1840, there were in the State 72 furnaces, producing 35,236 tons, and 19 bloomeries. forges, and roUing-mills, producing 7,466 tons; capital invested in iron manufactures, $1,161,900, and hands employed. 2>20S. The /'/7(?(<'?v>s employed a capital of $1,340,889; value of hides and skins used, $1,113,080; hands empl.iye45 582 78,678 3,609 618 OHIO. The statistics of tlie value of exports and imports for a series of years are tlius stated in tlie Treasury Reports: Imporla. Vear. $293 1S37 162 1S83 1.S39 12,39'2 1S40 5 1841 19,767 1812 9.S08 1S43 Exports. Imports, $W2,S« $17,747 139,S27 12,895 991.il54 4,916 793,1 14 11,813 899,780 1.3,(151 120,108 10,774 Vear. Exports. 1844 .... ....$ 1846 . . . . .... 321,114 1S46 . . . . .... 862,030 1847.... .... 77S,9« 1843 ... .... 147,509 1849 . . . . .... 149,724 1850 . . . . .... 217,032 I m porta. $ ■ 7S,196 10'J,TU 90,681 l&lj,7'26 U9,S39 5^2,504 Year. Expnrta. 1S29 $2.004... 1S30 . . . 1S31 ... 1S33 5S.394 . . . 1838 225,544 . . . 1S34 241,451 19, 1885 97,-201 . . . 1836 3,718 10,900 The total shipping owned in the State amounted to 62,462 tons, of which 36,S94 was owned in the district of Cuyahoi;a» of which ClcvL-Uuid is ihe port of entry, 7,32S iu that of Sandusky, 17,189 in that of ('incinnati, and 2,629 ni that of Mi:imi. The two first are lake districts, and the two latter districts on the Ohio lUver. All this shipping, except 72 tons of tho class " licensed under 20 tons," was *' enrolled and licensed." and employed in the coasting and river trade ; ami of the ■whole, 28,653 tons were navigated by steam-power, viz., in Cuyahoga district, 9,994 tons ; in that of Sandusky, 1,214 tons ; in that of Cincinnati, 16.906 tons; and in that of Miami, 539 tons. During the year there had been built in the several districts 31 vessels — 4 schooners, 11 sloops, and 16 steamers, of the aggregate burden of 6,215 tons — in Cuyahoga district, 9 schtfoners and sloops (6S7 tons) ; in Sandusky, 5 schooners and sloops (,421 tons) ; and in Cincinnati, 16 steamers and 1 sloop (4,107 Ions). liomestie Conunerce. — As before remarked, Ohio sends the great bulk of its productions to the sea-b^ard by the lake, river, canal, and railroad routes, and by the same routes its imports are carried. The value of this commerce is immense, but can not well be slated in figures, pxcept in isolated eases, which serve more as indices of its vaslnoss by all the routes, than as a definite reply lo the question. The cxport3 and imports of the lake ports, and of those of the princi]>al points on the Ohio River, arc ascertained, and partially so the tunmige and value of goods carried on the railroads ; but these, also, in some measure, are not sufficient data from which to ascertain the exact conimerce of the State, as th-^y include a large amount of the pntducts of, any a pluraUty of votes. The Lieutenant- governor, Secretary of Slate, Treasurer, and Altorney-genernl are elected in the same way and for the same term, to commence on the second Monday of January. The Auditor is elected for four years. These officers continue in office Qutii (heir successors arc elected and qualified. The Governor has power to pardon, except in cases of treason and impeachment, but must report each case, with his reasons, to the Assembly. In ca.so of the death of the Governor, the Lieutenant-governor succeeds; after him the President of the Senate; and he failing, then the Speaker of the House. The Lieutenant-governor ia ex-oj^cio President of the Senate. The Auditor Treasurer, Secretary, or Attorney-general 619 OHIO. dying, being disabled, or removed, the Governor may fill the vacant office pro tempore, but the vacancy shall be filled at the first general election that occurs more than thirty days after it happens ; and the person then elected shall hold office for tlie full term. The Ju;irls, from each of which one judge — to reside while m office in his district — is chosen by the electors of each 3ubdi\ ision for five years. Courts of Common Pleas are held by one or more of the judges in every county as often as the law may provide, and more than one court may be held at the same time in each district District courts, composed of the juilges of the Court of Common Pleas of the respective districts, and one of the judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom forms a quorum, are held in each county of the several districts at least once in each year. The district courts have original jurisdiction in the same classes of eases as tlie Supreme Court, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by law. In each county there is a Probate Court, open at all times, holden by one judge chosen by the voters of each county for tliree years. Justices of the peace are elected in the several townships also for three years. All other judges are chosen by the voters of their respective judicial districts for not more than five years. Vacated judgeships are filled pjv tempore by the Governor, but a successor to the vacating judge is elected at the next general election, if occurring more Uian thirty days after the vacancy happens. A Clerk of the Common Pleas is chosen in each county for three years, and such clerk is clerk of all the courts of record in his county, unless otherwise provided by law. Cnlirts of Con- ciliation may be established. The Legislature, at its first session, provided for the appointment of three commissioners to revise and simplify the practice, etc., of the courts, and, as far as practical and expedient, to abolish distinct forms of action, and the difference between law ami equity. In Cleveland and Cincinnati there is also a Superior Court, and in Cincinnati a Commercial Court, the jurisdiction of all which is local. A Board of Public Worls, consisting of three members, one elected annually for three years, has charge of the canals, railroads, and other works belonging to the State. Among the other principal provisions of the constitution are the following: no new county shall be made, or county line or county seat changed but by a vote of the county ; lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, shall be prohibited ; a bureau of statistics may be established ; imprisonment for debt, except in cases of frauii, shall be abolished ; compeusa- tion, assessed by a jury, shall be paid for all property taken fur the public use without deduction for benefits to any adjacent property of the owner; all white male citizens, resident in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, shall be enrolled in the militia; the principal of all funds arising from the sale of lands or other property granted or entrusted to Uie State for educational and religious purposes, shall be forever inviolable, and the income therefrom faithfully applied to the specific objects of tlie original grants ; a thorough and efficient system of common schools shall be secured throughout the State ; institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered and supported by the State; the State shall never contract any debt for the purposes of internal improvement, but it may contract debts to meet casual defects in the revenue, or expenses not otherwise provided for — the aggregate never to exceed $750,000; it may further contract debts to repel invasions, etc., or to redeem the present outstanding debt; the credit of the Slate shall never be lent to any individual or corporation, nor shall the State become a stockholder in any association, or assume any debt except in the cases above provided for; the Secretary of State, Auditor, and Attorney- general shall be the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, which consists of the net annual income of the pul)lic works and stocks, and of sach funds raised by taxation or otherwise as may be provided by law, which shall be made yufficieut to pay the accruing interest on the public debt, and annually not less than $100,000. To amend the cojistitution, it is necessary that three-fifths of the members elected to each house shall vote in favor of the proposed amendments, which shall be entered upon the journals, with the yeas and nays, and shall be published in at least one newspaper in each county for six months preceding the next genera! election, and at such election the amend- ments shall be separately submitted to the people; and if a majority vote rherefor, they shall become a part of the constitution. At the general election, in 1S71. and every twentieth year thereafter, the question, "Shall tlierc he a con- vention to revise, alter, or amend the constitution ?'* shall be submitted to the people ; and at any time, if considered necessary by two-thirds of the Assembly, and a subsequent majority of the people, a convention may be called for the same purpose. The militia Jbrce of the State consists of 176,455 men of all arms, of which 2,051 are commissioned officers, and 174,404 non-eora missioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 91 are general officers, 21T general staff" officers, 462 field officers, etc., and 2,20S company officers. The principal benevolent inMitutions of the State are the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and the Institution for the Blind. All these are located at Columbus. The number of patients in the Lunatic Asylum, on the 15th November, 1849, was 323—169 males, and 154 females; the number received during thif subsequent year. 19:3 — 112 males and SI females, and the number discharged during the ye-ar, 19S— lOS males and 90 femalcd. Of those discharged, 99 — 49 males, and 50 females, were recovered ; 9 — 5 males and 4 females, much improved ; 15 improved ; 53 unimproved ; (43 chronic cases) and 23 died. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb has been in actual operation 21 years, and during that period there have been 462 pupils. The number in the Institution for the Blind, including graduates and pupils, on the 25th December, 1S50, was 73—40 males and 33 females ; 13 pupils w^ere received during the year, and 10 diseharged. Applicants for admission must be between the ages of 6 and 21 years. If able to pay, the two last institutions charge $100 for the 10 months' session, from 1st October to 1st August. Mnances, etc—The total amount of receipts, for the year ending November 15lh, 1850, was $2,536,553 40; total resources of the treasury (including balance for former year), $3,091,998 SO. Disbursements for the same period, $2,960,927 IS. Excess of resources, $181,066 12. The "chief sources of income" were — taxes on real and personal property, including arrears, $l,243,.i64 S3; taxes on professions, peddlers and foreign insurance companies, and auction duties, ete., $30,297 62 ; taxes on banks and State insurance companies, $56,42S 95 ; canal tolls, water rents, etc., $728,085 73; dividends, turnpike, and canal, $29,888 20; principal of surplus revenue. $177,218 S5; interest on surplus revenue, $58,741 88 ; canal lau'is sold. $42,091 43 ; road tolls. $49,103 04 ; taxes paid through Audit-jr of State, $37,380 47 ; school and ministerial lands sold, $68,371 03; claims collected, $4,271 52; and miscellaneous, $7,467 54; and the principal 620 OHIO. " olyucts of expenditure" were — bills drawn for appropriations, $891,1S(5 4S ; common sclinol fund. $200,01.10 : interest ou foreign debt, $1,022,858 95 ; interest on special school and trust fund, 3;!I7.272 81 : interest on doinestie bonds, J'23,094 C5 ; repairs on canals and public works, .$S-J9,&95 ; repairs on national roail, $47,242 GG ; State debt paid, $li57.SSC 34. TheiStoSei'p'j^onliielStliNovember, 1850, amounted to $18,744,.'>94 32, the annual interest on whiili was $1,124,630 18. The constituents of lliis debt were — domestic bonds outstanding;. $493,824, drawing annually $2^.940 10 interest ; irreducible stock, school and trust fuiuls, $1 .683,996 6:j— annual interest, $101,089 SO ; and foreign debt, $10,566,778 69— annual inlerest, $996,556 23. During the year ending :i6 above, $-35^708 38 of the domestic bonds had been rey endowment and partly by charges for education. Among these the Roman Catholic convents, nui.neries, schools, etc., are conspicuous, and as a general fact these are bettor conducted, more extended in their curricula, and, aside from their religious bearing, everywhere unexceptionable and worthy of imiUition by all sectiirics. Pithllc Lihruries.—One State library— 12,500 volumes; S social— 21,295 volumes; 13 college— 35.510 volumes; 19 student— 20,205 vohimes ; 3 academic and professional— 12,629 volumes; 1 scienlific and historical — 10,000 volumes; 8 pubhc school — 1,595 volumes. Total libraries 4S, and volumes 104,6;34. — Report of Librarian of SmWisonian Inntitute, Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on the 1st June, 1S50, was 302, of which 108 advocated whig and 98 democratic princi|>les, and 106 were neutral in politics, or devoted to science, religion, literature, etc. Of the whole number 2S were published daily, circulating at each issue 90.656 copies, or 29,214,323 copies annually ; 6 tri-weekly, 1,961 copies, or 305,915 annually ; 4 semi-weekly, 2,S00 copies, or 291.200 annually ; 322 weekly, 211,S63 copies, or 11,016,824 annually; 7 semi-monthly, 32,920 copies, or 7»0,0SO annually; and 20 monthly, 65,500, or 786,000 annually. Total copies issued animally.42,404,34**. The counties and number of periodicals issued in each was — Adams, t w. ; Allen, 1 w. ; Ashland, 2 w. ; Ashtabula, 8 w. ; Athens, 1 w. ; Auglaize, 2 w. ; Belmont, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Brown and Butler, each 3 w. ; Carrol! and Champaign, each 2 w. ; Clark, 1 I.-w. and 4 w. t Clermont and Clinton, each 2 w. ; Columbiana, 6 w. ; Coshocton, 2 w. and 1 6.-m. ; Crawford, 1 w. ; Cuyahoga, 3 d. and 5 w. ; Darke, Defiance, and Delawai'c. each 2 w. ; Erie, 2 d.,3 w., and 1 m. ; Fairfield, 2 d. and 3 w. ; Fayette, 1 w. ; Franklin, 2 d.. 2 t.-w.. 6 w.,2m., and 1 occasionally ; Gallia and Geauga, each 2 w. ; Greene, 1 w. ; Guernsey, 2 w. ; Uamilton (Cincinnati), S d., 1 t.-w., 32 w., 1 8.-m., and 14 m. ; Hanocck, 3w. ; Harrison, Hardin, Highland, and Hocking, each 2 w. ; Holmes, 3 w.: Huron and Jackson, each 2 w. ; Jefferson, 6 w. ; Knox, G w. ; Lake and Lawrence, each 1 w. : Licking, 2 s.-w. and 4 w. ; Logan, 2 w. ; Lorain, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Luca3, 2 d., 2 I.-w., and 3 w. ; Madison, 1 w. ; Mahoning, Marion, and Medina, each 2 w. ; Meigs and Mercer, each 1 w. ; Miami, 1 e.-w., 5 w., :ind 1 m. ; Monroe. 1 w. ; Montgomery, 4'd. and 6 w. ; Morgan and Morrow, each 2 w. ; Muskingum, 1 d., 1 t-w., 6 w., and 1 annually ; Perry, 2 w. ; Pickaway, 1 s.-w. and 3 w. ; Pike, 1 w. : Portage, 8 w. ; Preble, 2 w. ; Putnam, 1 w. ; Kichland, 5 w. : Ross, 2 d. and 4 w. ; Sandusky, 3 w. ; Scioto, 2 d. and 2 w. ; Seneca 4 w. ; Shelby. 2 w. ; Stark, 6 w. ; Summit, 3 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Trumbull and Tuscarawas, each 3 w. ; Union, 1 w. ; Van ■Wert, 2 w. ; Vinton, 1 w. ; Warren, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Washington, Wayne, and Williams, each 2 w., and Wood, 1 weekly. Mel'igious Deno7ni7uitions. — The statistics of the several religious denominations, according to the census returns of 1850; are exhibited in the annexed form : Denomina- ^ 11. ..f Cl.i.rcli Value or Denomina- No. of Church Value of Denomina- No. of Church Value of lions. Oil irclien niri.m. Property. tions. Cliurclies . accoin. Properly. lions. Cli urchefc acc-m. Properly. Baptist 545. lS.t,093.. $593,730 GermnEef. Tl.. 26,315. . $71,860 E. Catholic. 130.. 76.215.. $763307 Christian . . . 90. 30,190.. 56,155 Jewish 8.. 1,300. 29,000 Swedenb'g . 2.. 700.. 15,800 Congregafl. 100. 41.920.. 20T,SSO Lulher.nn... 269.. 90,348. 259,975 Tunlcer. 10.. 4.550.. 9,978 Dutch Rel.. 5. 1,1.50.. 2,600 Mennonite. 9.. 1,730. 1,.825 Union 48.. 18,646.. 37,900 Episcopal . . 79. 31,975.. 867,425 MiHhndist. . 1,520. . 539,840. 1,642.181 Unilarian. . . 1.. 650.. 15,000 Free 18. 5,100.. 9,550 Moravian.. 153.. 49.545. 93.072 Universalis!. 63.. 20.765.. 100,590 Friends.... 94. 30,S6G. . 8-2,175 rrcsbytcr"n. 659.. 271,499. 1,388,199 Minor Sects. 41.. 20,250.. 111,950 — making a total of 3,?90 chujrehes, having accommodation for 1,447,652 persons, and owning property to the vahie of $5,765,149. The Slate forms a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and comprises the Komau Catholic archdio- cese of Cinciimati: ae'l the suffragan diocese of Cleveland. The towns of Conngton and Newport, in Kentucky, and the adjacent territory for three miles, belong also to the province of Cincinnati. Pauperism and Crime.— The whole number of paupers that received assistance and support within the year ending Ist June, 1S50, was 2.513, of which 1,904 were native-bom, and 609 foreigners ; and the whole number on the rolls on the 1st June as aforesaid, Was 1,673, of which 1.254 were native-born, and 419 (oreiguers. Annual cost of support, $95,250. From the report of the attorney-general it appears that during the year 1S50 there were 2,O0S prosecutions, 1,273 convic- tions, and 205 acquittals. The punishments were- penitentiary for life, 3; for ten years and over, 6; and for under ten years lis ; and 221 were sent to the county jails. The amount of fines was $14,224 53, of costs $19,290 60, and of c<)l- lectable costs $9,076 OS. The Ohio penitentiary, on the 30th November, 1S49, contained 336 convicts; admitted during the year 193, and discharged 105, leaving 424 in confinement at the end of the official year 1S50. Of those discharged, 42 was by expiration of sentence, 32 by pardon, 21 by death, 5 by writ of error, 2 by pardon of President of the United Suites, and 3 escaped ; and of the 193 committed 145 were convicted of offenses against properly, 7 of arson, 13 of forgery, and 32 of offenses against the person. Receipts from oouvict labor $35,740 74, and expenses of maintaining prison $26,877 56— balance in favor of prison $S,S63 IS. There is a library of nearly S,000 volumes connected with the prison, for the use of the conyicts. Biist'Orical Sketch. — As a district territory, Ohio dates from the first year <.f the present century. Previous to this tirae it constituted a portion of the "Territory North-west of the Ohio," over which Congress had exercised jurisdiction since 17S7. The French were the first to explore the waters of the Ohio. In 1 6S0, La Salle traversed the tract between the lakes and the Mississippi, and for upward of half a century Frenchmen seem to have been llie only visitors of this region. Their object was the fur trade ; nor did they, like their English neighbors, manifest any disposition to appropriate the country by settlements. Within the actual limita of Ohio, indeed, no settlements appear to have been ever made by the French, About the middle 622 OHIO. of the eighteentb cenlury, a controversy, betwcea (he Canadian traders and Iho English, respecting this counlry. sprung np and finally invulved both nations in war. and ended only with the overthrow of French power iu America. The charters of many of the British provinces extended tlieir claims to ihe Pacific, and their settlements hud proceeded grad- u;dly westward. The French claims, on the other Iiand, proceeded frnm north to south, and consequently intiTsected thuse of the English, or, as respects actual occupation, tlieir possessions formed a cordon round those of the English. In 1750, an a:^sticiation, chiefly residing in Virginia and England, obliuned from the crown u grant of GOO,uecn erected. This and other acts of violence determined the governor of Virginia to send an officer to the French posts. The illustrious ■W;v^hillglon, then a major of nulilia, was commissioned for the jturpose, who. after great difficulties, delivered a letter to the roumianilant. at a fort on the river La Bceuf, requiring him to withdraw from the British territory on the Ohio. Tho answer was of such a nature that, on the return of Wjisbington, the Virginia legislature caused a regiment to bo raised, in which he received the second command. In April, 17.M, his chief having died, the command devolved upon himself, and he. with two companies, advanced into the disputed country ; but, on his route to the head of the Alleghany and Monongahela. was attacked by a superior force, and compelled to surrender. Soon after this event, open war waa declared, and the Uritish govcrunienl sent out a powerful force under General Braddock. The olijecl of the campaign of 17.^5 was the capture of Fort Dii Quesne, and the secure possession of the counlry on the Ohio. The expedition was unsuc- cessful, and the French maintained possession of the country until the surrender of Canaila in 1703, which mciuded also the whole counlry westward Ut the Mississippi. From whatever cause, though now thrown open to the American trade, the beautiful valley of the Ohio was left in undis- turbed occupancy of its original inhabitants. The government, indccil, seems to have had no disposition to encourage settlement. The Imlians were still numerous and powerful, and, on the breaking out of the Ilevulution, M'ere incited by the British against the frontier settlers, and committed many barbarous excesses. During alf this period occupancy was impossible. The treaty of peace, although it transferred the sovereignty of the country, yet left it subject to Indian depre- dation, and it was not until 17S7 that any settlement was begun within the limits of the present State. Previous to that year, the right of soil, subject to the Indian title, was claimed by several of the States, as having passed to tliem by their charters, anrl soon after the peace of 17S3 jealousies had arisen in consequence of the vast extent of these posscasions, ■which were only allayed by the cession of the whole to the United Stales. Virginia, however, reserved a portion of land (3,709,S4S acres) near Ihe rapids of the Ohio for her State troops, and Connecticut a tract near Lake Erie (3,660.921 acres). These were sulisequently confirmed to the several claimants. In ISOO, jurisdiction over these reservations was also relinquished by the States owning them, reserving to themselves claim to the soil. Other tracts, known as Symmes' purchase (2S4,69S acres), {mns, had, also a partial legislative power. The officers appointed under these provisions administered the government of the ■whole t^-rritorj' until 1799. During a greater part of the period of tlic temporary government, a harassing warfare was kept up with the Indians, uistigated, if not assisted, by the British. In 1791, General St. Clair, who had been sent against the Miamis, was surprised and totally routed. This disaster operated as a serious check upon the progress of settlement. In 1794, however, a decided victory was obtained by General Wayne, and in the succeeding year hostilities were sus|)endcd, and the treaty of Greenville terminated the war. Ohio was now free from savage incursion, and began to prosper; settlements which had been suspended recommenced with increased vigor. Up to the year 17S7, only 118,582 acres of land had been sold by the general government — none was disposed of between that ])eriod and 1799, in whieii year 040 acres were sold. In ISOO, 70,948 acres were disposed of; in ISOl, 4S6,7S7 acres, and up to ISIO, 2.833,062 acres had been sold. To 1S20, the total dispositions amounted to fl,705,301 acres ; to 1830, to 8,224,495 acres ; to 1840, to 13,1S0,.^77 acres, and to 1S49, there only renuiined in the hands of the government 509,230 acres. The aggregate disposed of to tlie latter period was 25,007,730 acres, viz., sold, 12,490.215 acres : donated— to schools, 075,094 ; to colleges, 24,320 : to internal im- provements, 1.200,051, and to individuals, 82,141 ; military bounties— old war, 1,301,326 ; war of 1812, 63,842. and Mexican ■fl-'ar, 49,429; reservations— salaries, 24.21G ; Indians, 10,331, and companies, 8,805.976 (including Virginia and Connecticut reserves, etc.) : private clauns. 20,460; swamp Liu ds (granted to State), 303,329 acres. Thus it will be seen that, in fifty years from the institution of u regular representative government, the whole land has been virtually taken up, and gene- rally settled upon. In 1799 Ihe North-western Tcrrit<_.ry, having a sufficient population, was admitted to a second grade of territorial gov- ernment, which entitled it to a representative body, composed uf dilogates chosen by the people, and a council apponued by Congress from nominations maite by the House of Ueprosentatives. Shortly after, the countr;^ composing the StJite of Ohio was detached from the general territory, aiid formed into a distinct government. On the 8oth April, 1S02. on the petition of the people. Congress passed a law enabling them to form a constitution and State government, and the condi- tions prescribed by that act having been complied with. Ohio became a sovereign Slate and member of the Union in 1808. Thus admitted to the privileges of self-government, the growtli of Ohio has been uninte^r^^pled. No other State of the Union has surpassetl it in rapidity of progress. The disposition of its lanry. Its position with respect to the old States may in some measure account for this, but it has had many disadvanlJiges to contend with. The first pioneers had no steam horses to drag them to th ir desert home, no steamboats to skim their river.-^, nor telegraphs whereby to communicate with their friends in the east. Their journcyings were toilsome and their fare hard, n descend it, except that the hills become less bold and rocky. Cities, villages and farm-houses are passed through the whole course of the river ; but as the bottom-lands on its immediate margin are liable to be over- flowed, the inhabitants prefer to settle a little back from tho river, so (hat the dwellings in view do not correctly exhibit the population in the vicinity. Between Pittsburg and the mouth of the Ohio, there are as many aa 100 considerable islands, besides a great number of sand-bars and tow-heads. These last are low sandy islands, incapable of cultivation, and covered with willows. Some of the islands 'are of ex- quisite beauty, and furnish desirable situations fur a relired residence. The principal tributaries of the Ohio are tho Muskingum, Great Kanawha, Big Sandy, Scioto, Great Miami, Kentucky, Green, Wabash, Cuuiberland, and Ten- nessee. The last three are the most import;int, of which the last is the largest. One remarkable circumstance ri> specting the Ohio, as well as other western rivers, is its great elevations and depressions. In Ihe summer and autumnal months, it often dwindles to a small stream, afford- ing limited facilities for navigation. Among the hills of Pennsylvania and Virginia, it is seen rippling over chains of rocks, through which a passage is barely afl'nrdud to boats of the lightest burden. Farther down, saud-b.irs either extend across the stream, or project into the bed of the river. Steamboats are sometimes grounded on the bars, where they are obliged to wait in peril fur the periodical rise of the river. The lowest water is generally in tho months of July, August, and SeptCiiiber. The melting of the snows in tho spring and heavy rains in autumn or win- ter, fill the river to overflowing, and many of its islands and the bottoms on its margin are covered with water. These rises are generally gradual, and attended with no danger. As the waters rise, trade and n.ivigation are quickened into activity ; the largest steamboats, often of large tonnage, now float in security. The average rise of the water from low water mark is 50 feet, but in the year 1S32 an extraordinary flood was experienced. Tne river began to rise early in February, and on the ISth of that month it was 63 feet above low water mark, and the lower parts of Cincinnati and Co\'ington were flooded. The river here is 1,006 feet wide, and the velocity of the stream at its height 6 1-5 miles per hour. The water discharged by the rise of tho river nliove low water mark alone, would flll a lake of one square mile in surface, 107 feet deep, in one hour. The surface drained by the Ohio and its numerous tributaries is about 77,000 sq. ra. ; and water four indies in depth on this sur- face would be sufBcient to maintain the river at the above height and velocity for fourteen days. Such a flood as this has scarcely been known since the first settlement of the country. There are no considerable falls in the river, cx- ' cepting at Louisville, Ky., where it descends 22J feet in tho I course of two miles. Even over these boats pass in high I water. But they have been obviated by a canal around them, which adraitsof the passage of the largest steamboats. The current of the Ohio is very gentle ; at the mean height I of Ihe river the current is about 3 miles an hour, at high water it is more, but at low water not more than two milesi ] During five or six weeks in winter, tho narigulion a ol> oni OLD structed by floatine: ice. The Ohio nnd its tributaries tinvc not los3 tjj:ni 5,000 miles of narisrible wattrs. The fol- lowing distances have been derived fmm ^ood aulhnrity, and are doubfltss correct. From Pitlsbiir;; to Rteubenville, O.. is TO miles; tn Wheeling, Va., 92 miles; to Marietta, O.. 174 miles; to Gallipolis, O., 2(UJ miles; to rortsmonlh, O., 349 miles; In MaysviUe, Ky., 307 miles; to C'ineinnali, O., 455^ miles ; to Lawreneeburj*, la., 4T0.i miles ; to Louis- ville, Ky., 5^7 miles; to New Albany, la., Wl miles; to the mouth of Cumberland river, Ky.. 900 miles; moiUli of Ten- nessee river. Ky., OllJ- miles; month of Ohio ^r-,0 miles. Distances nftvigable by steam on the principal branche.s use and usual number of public bnildin^s. It is in a flourishing condilion, and bids fair to become a oonsidwable place. (inro City, p. v., Cuyahoga co., 0?do: at the mouth of f'uyahoga r., (tpposilo Cleveland, and on Lake Erie, 136 m. >'. E. Colnmlnis. It may be considered as a suburb of Cleveland, with whieh it is connected by bridges, over one of which the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. II. pa.s.ses. The ground on which it stands is uneven, and pre- sents many line building sites. It contains several f(umdries, funiaees, mechanic shojts, etc., and is a well built aTid regu- larly pluiuied place. Its commerce on the lakes is large, bulls so blended with that of Cleveland as to admit of no separate stalistic.'d exjiibit. I'bpulaUon, which includes also that of Brooklyn town, 0.375.* < )ino Farm. p. v., Kendall co., III. : in the S. part of co., 103 ra. N. N. E. Springfield. Omo Gkove, p. c, Dc Kalb co., UK : IGl m. N. N. E. of Sppingticld. OinoviLLK, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : 2 m. N. of the Ohio r., 1S7 m. llarri.sburg. It contains about 200 inhabitants. OuL's Town, p. c, Trumbull county, Ohio: 149 m. N. E. Columbus. Onooi'EK river, Ga. : rises in Wa-^'hington co., flows S. E., forming the division between Emanuel and Montgomery connliea, and pa.*3ing through Tatnali. empties into the Ala- lamaha. This is ihe only considerable tributary of the Alata- maha, and is navigable 40 miles. Oil Ci!1-ek. t. and p. o., Crawfee. Dancing: Babbit., Tlor^e liunler, and other creeks, flows S. E. into Sumter eo., A%a., and untcrs the Tombigbce at Gainesville. OKAriLcn. p. v., Lowndes co., Ga. : on Okapilco r., 157 ra. 8. by W. Mil!.-di:eville. Okaw, p. o., Washington CO., 7?^..- near Elkhorn cr.,97 m- S. SpringHeld. OKArcnEE, p. 0., Waukesha county, T17-;f. .* 5S m. E. Madison. Okolona, p. 0., Chieka?aw 'County, Miin. : 110 in. N. E. Jackson. Okoxagon river, Orf(/. Ter. : rises in the British po.-i^s-s- sions, flows S., and enters Clark's fork of Columbia, at Fort Okonagan. Oktiburiia county, Mif^^. Bituate toward the N. E., and contains 018 sq. pi. Drained by Oktilibeha r. and its tribu- taries. Surface even; soil deep calcareous, and adapted to cotton and grain. Farms 560 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 714, and ' pop.— wh. 4,309, fr. col. IS, si. 4,844— total 0,171. GapiUil: Starksville. Olamon, p. v., Penobscot co., J/^. ; on the left bank of the Penobscot r., 2 uh N. of the mouth of Ulamou r., and 84 m. N. E. Augusta. Olcott p. v., Ningara co., K Y. : close on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, 259 m. W. by. N. Albany. Old Bhidge. p. v., Middlesi-x eo., y^J. : on South r., and near the Camden and Aniboy K. i;., 24 m. N. E. Trenton. Olb Cedar Springs, p. o., Spartanburg dist., K Otr. ; 79 ra. N. W. Columbia. Old CnuEcn, p. v., Hanover county, Virr/. : 13 m. N. E. Richmond. Old Coout House, p. o., Bryan co., Ga.: 127 m. S. E. Mlllcdgeville. Oldenuurg, p. v., Franklin co., Ltd.: on a branch of Salter., 55 m. S. E. Indianapolis. OLDENuur.G, p. o., Smith county, Ty the Alleghany r. and its trib- utaries. Surface very uneven, and in parts much broken ; soil sandy, abounding in ptnc forests. A great quantity of lumber is expi)rted annually down the Alleghany r. to the Ohio, mu(!h of which, as also scantling, in many cases reach the levee of New Orleans. The t, contains several stores and mills. The v. is situate at the mouth of Oi! cr., on the Alleghany r.. at the point where tbe Genesee Valley Canal and the Erie R. R. i;itersect each other and meet the river. It contains several churches, st(^)res, dwellings, and a num- ber of mills. A aleaniboat of light draft has ascended the Alleghany to Olean, but there is mucli obstruction in tlie navigation. Below it is an Indian village, inhabited by several hundred Scnecas and Onondagas. Pop. of t. 899. Oleandkr, p. 0., Marshall county, Ala. : 131 m. N. Montg.tmery. OlknvV, p. v., Henderson county, III. : SI m. N, W. Springfield. Olen,v, p. o., Huron co., Ohio : 72 m. N. by E. Columbus. Olextangy, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 59 m. N. Columbus. , Olkntangy. or "Whetsone river. Ohio: one of the prin- cipal [rihutarios of the Scioto, rises in W. part of Kicldaud CO., flows \V. into Crawford, and then S. through Marion ami Delaware into Franklin, where it joins the Scioto at Columbus. Oi.EY, t. and p. o., Berks co,, 7*(=;?7z. ; 59 m. E. Jlarrishurg. Drained I)y Manatawny and ManoukJsy creeks^ Surface even; soil very fertile and highly productive. The "Oley Forge." cuiiriiructcd in ITSO, having an annual production of 200 tons l)locMn9. is situate here.. There are in the t. a num- ber of .Iwellings, stores, and mills, and some workshops. Pop. 2,809. 62& OLY • ' -.4^ Olinda, p. c. Pike co., lU.: 71 m. W. by S. Springfield. Olio, p. o., Sheboygan co., ICwe. ; 81 m. N. E. Madison. Olio, p. v., Stoddard co.. Mo. : ISO ra. S. E. Jefferson City. Olive, k and p. o., Ulster co., 2^\ >'. ; 56 m. S. 8. W. Albany. Drained by Esopus cr. Surface, centra! and E., rolling, and in the W. mountainous; soil, sandy and clay loam. It has two slorea, a facU^ry, and a nuudicr of mills. Olive and Caseville are the names of the post-otlices. Pop. of L 2,710. Olive, t. and p. c, Clinton co., Midi. : 1 m. N. Lansing. Drained by Muskrat lake and Stony cr. Surface gt^nerally level ; soil good, and heavily Umbered. Pop. of t. 223. OLn'E, t, and p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 75 m. K. S. E. ^ Columbus. Drained l^y a branch of Dock cr. Surface v,iried, and soil generally fertile, well ad;i])ted to ^ain and grass. The village \>> situate on E. side of a branch of Duck creek. There are in the t. several mills and work- shops. Pop. of I. 2,015 Olive, p. o., Marion co., Itid.: a few miles distant from Indianapolis. ■ Olive Branch, p. o., De Soto county, Mis&. : 157 m. N Jackson. dtivE Bbancu, p. o., Clermont co., Okio: 7S m. 8. W. Columbus. Olive Branch, p. v., Holt county, Mo. : 196 m. N. "W, JclTerson Cily. Olive Bkidge, p. o., Ulster co., iV\ 1'. ; 59 m. S. by W. Albany. Olivb Grove, p. v., Decatur co., Ga. : on the E. side of Chattahoochee r., 175 m. S. \V. Milledgeville. Olive Hill, p. o., Carter co.. Ay. .• near Tygert's cr., and 97 ni. E. by N. Frankforu ^ Olive Hill, p. o.. Person co,, 2^. Car. : 49 m. N. by W. Raleigh. Olivers, p. o., Anderson c(Smty, 7enn. : near Poplar cr., 137 m. E. Kashville. Olivt:r's PnAiitiE, p. v., Newton co., Mo. : 157 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Olivesburg, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: on IlKick JPork of Walhonding r., 66 ra. N. by E. Cnlambus. Olivet, p. o., Eaton co., Mic/u : 15 m. S. W. Lansing. Olivet, p. o., Armstrong co., Peiui.: 1S2 m. \V. by N. Harrisburg. Olivet, p. o., Russell CO., Ala. ; 59 m. E. Montgomery. Olmstead, L and p. v., Cuyahoga county. OMo : 112 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained chiefly b^ rocky r. and its branches — in the W. by tho head branches of Black r. of Lake Eric. Surface diversified ; soil rich and fertile. The principal v. is situate centrally, and there is also a station of the same name on the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati 11. K.. 15 m. from Cleveland. The Lcontains several man- ufactories and mills. Pop. of t 1,216. Olnkv. p. o., Pickens county, Aki. : lOT m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Olney, p. o., Philadelphia county, Pf^im. : 96 m. S. S. E. llarrisburg. Olnky. p. v., and cap. Richland co., HI.: on W. side Fox r., 113 m. S. E. SpringHeld. It contains the county court-house. The '^OlDcy Republican" (a weekly issue) is published here. Olnrvvili.e, p. o., Providence co., I^. I. Oll'stct:, p. v., Columbi%co., Flor.: near the source of Swifi er.. 1 17 ni. E. by S. Tallahassee. Om-stek Creek, p. o., Pike county, Ala.: S5 m. S. E, Montgomery. Olvmima, p. v. and port of entry. Lewis co., Oreg. 7*>;*. : on the E. side of the e.siuary of Tenalquit or Shutea r.. on Puu'ct's sound. 147 m. N. Salem. Tho first log cabin of this setdcment was built in lS47,*y Wm. E. Sylvester, who now (1852) keeps an elegantly furnished hotel m the place. Tlie v. contains 400 or 500 inhabitants, and has wcll-flll'-d stores and various mc-chanic shops, with two saw-mills and a grist-mill in the vicinity. A newspaper, the *'Cohmibian," is pub- OLT (Bhed he^e weekly. The tot American ,M.rs noi-.b .„ Ihe Columb,.a river located themselves on the pr:iiries ne-,r OIymp,a/,n October, lS4o. They were 15 days in mkm^ a journey of 60 miles, from Cuwlil. Landing to the Sound having been compelled to cut a road through the heavuV fmbered part of the country. In ,346, other settlement were made, and the tir.t gn.,t-mill of the neishboriood ccted, previous to which event the Inhabitants had been ohl^ed to subsist on boiled wheat, or grind it by hand. The U. Slates Itevenue collection di.Mrict of l'».r,.,i soun.l ONS Olympus p. v., Overton co., Tu,„.: on ,be E. fork of ^ 0*y8 r., S7 m. E. Ijy X. Nashville, O.Mir.. p. „., Ji.ff,.rson mf.A'. r. : 140 m. N. W. MInnv tZ. ' ^™'^ ■^"'"^'- ^'>'^-^»"" il^ Tibutar,, si'eeis.,;:'™' "" °™"""^ "^■'- "'"' f""- «^=---j Omeoa, p. o Pike CO., 0!uo: CI m. S. Columbus. '..£:r's^a;ba::;rrK;^;-™,--ck Mm«ie^' "• °-' ■'™P --'^•' ^'- «■-. TV. JT^I^hvUr ''■ "■' "'""S^""^y »•• ^-"'■•- « m. N. W. cr!;i;rS:^^p^S:r"™-'^^^^""-™— '^ . °r™-' ^-"""'J-' -^- ^- Situate K. centrally, and contains ■■in sq^m. Drained by Black and Moh.wk rh'ers and !l"-.r atnuenls, and Fish, Woo.l, Onei.la a,id Orf l- orceks. all of which turnish f^un,:^^;,^. ^ various, being pleasantly diversified by low hills and well cutnated valleys. In the N. and N. E. it is more " Iv i ™utai„s beds or iron ore, gypsum, marl, pea,, water , 'me stone, and other minerals. This county „»; be sa iTo Z^:^!^ T'' "^r '"^'^"' '^'-'^>- •'- . other m the Slate. 1- arms 6.292 ; manur.952; dwell 10-M and pop wh. iis,9,5, fr.eol. 65S-,o,al 1.^5M tW,;''. Eotne, Whitesboro-. and Ulica. PuUic » „* . u a and Syracaise E. E. ; Watertown and Eome P.. IL; l^lack eI v ^e,:;:^C^';;:r'=-=-----„a;;Er^C^; OxEiDA, t. and p. 0., Eaton co.. Mwh. : K „. -Rr. I.an.in» wS the t™: T ""■ f • """""''^ '" '"« '^"'"^»*» ""f' ^Z.r 1 °^''- ^'""'"' S™">- "ndulalin-: soU oalcareous and .sandy loam, with thick vegetable mold It Tarronr? ; '""'" '"""' '^ ^ "'-"'^ -"<^-'>™ ?oTcL 1 M** '■■ '" ""^ ^- ^- P"' "f •■. "Wch U wrought to a considerable e.vlent. Pop. of L 49'' On-eioa, p. o.. Brown co., H7«c. ; lig-m. N. E, M.adison «..« i:^'v^- '''• ^•■- "^^^ "> ^"'-- Madison cZV, m oL ; ^ ,•' '" '•"'■' ""■''''^^ ">« ™™«'=» «f Madison mid Oneida and empties into the lake so called. Its tribn lanes afford good mill-scats Ti, . „. ■ iis muii- •h„ r.- ,^ '^ , "'■ "■ '■- "sed as a feeder to •he Erie Canal, and is navigable as far as Onei.la C 1st le Okk,u.v lake, .V. y. , bordering on the cou, Is of Oswego. Oneida. Madison, an.i Onondaga. Is ""Tl^! .m from 4 to 6 in width. It receives Wood Oh da "i^J CtaU-naiigo creeks an.I o.hersmall streams. Its shoreVare ow and swampy. Its wafers abound wilh e.e.tllenTfir ^::ir^:^™.r""^""^-''--<^ ^--- ONEiBi river, JV: }-. ; outlet of the lake so called Euns O.NP.ii.i Castt,f, p. v., Oneida co., iV; K .• on Oneida cr L^l beta , o ,'"'^'''' " '""' •'""•«. several .Iwcllings, ami between 800 and 400 iuhabit.anfs. I 0-'":u'A Dei'6t, p. v., MadLson co r v- . „ t- Co'^mtat. ''"•"■ "■ "•' ^r™" "■■ '"'"■■ "" -- ^- ^- ^ i°™^^^'-'=^'P-''-"^"'»°"--.-^- r..- 00m.W.byN. 0.^Eo^-TA, t. and ,. v., Olsego co., M y, , 5, „. .^^- ^^ ^ Alb.-my Drained by Charlotfe r. and Ofsego cr. b audits "t the Susquehanna Si.rfiice rugged, e\ce, t a on ^reaius, where it become. Bat and ^J^fii; tI^v 1 " ^Tistl; rv 7 Susquehanna r., and contains .. church" , a distillery and several dwellings. There are in the 1 ■> fur- naces and .several mills. Pop. of 1. 1 9113 " 0.N-F.0.NTA. p. o.,Sauk CO., lIV.vc, .• 2s m. N. -W. Madison. Omon Liver, p. v., Sheboygan co., )t-,V. ; on W h-mk ot the river of same name, 91 m. N. E. Madison OmoN riv^r, r*. .• one of the most imporfaut rivers in the Slate. About lO m. in length, in its course" improving a Large tract of land, and furnishing great hydraulic pov^er. It rises m Cabot and Peaeham. runs S. and W. to Mont- peher, and UK-nce N. W., passing through the centrt, of the counties of Washington and Crittenden, empties into Lake Champlain, 8 m. N. Burlhigton village. In its passage hrough the mountains, there are places where there is barely sufflcient room f ,r the road, which is the only easy access across the narrow valleys, subject it at times, to great and sudden rises. In many places, natural bridges, caverns ami walerfalls are to be f.mnd. It has many tributaries, the princpa of which are North branch in the N., and Mad Dog, and Slevcns rivers on the S. O.N-ONDAOA county, X Y. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains .11 sq. m. Drained by Seneca and Oneida rivers which, uniting, form Oswego river, and Butlemnl, Ouun' daga and Nine-Mile creeks. Surface in Ihe N. e, en, in the S. h.hy, ami ntted for grazing. Soil a rich loam, of a cal- eareou., nature, intermixed with vegetable mold, fertile and pi oductive Tt coMlains many minerals, and line salt .springs, which yield a large revenue to the State. aI.,o good niarble quarries Otisoo, Onondaga, and Skanealelc^ lakes, are within the limits of this county. Chief agricultural pro- ducions Wheat .ami Indian corn. Earms 4.595 ; maniif. tolalS5,S90. CapH.H: Syracuse. PuUic Worl,; Utica and Syracuse E. It. ; Eoehcstc.' and Syracuse Pv. i; ■ Oswco and Syracuse E. E. ; Eoclmstcr and Syracuse (direct) l:. p! • Syracuse and Binghampton E. E. ; Erie Canal: Oswego (■an;d. etc » CanaI.ete. O.voxDAGA, p. o., Marshall county, Ind. : 105 m N. Indianapolis. O.VOXDAGA, t and p. o., Ingham county, JfMi. .• 19 m S Lansing. Watercl by Eed Cedar r.. crossing its S. W. part Surface uneven ; soil rich, sandy loam, with excellent timber lands. Pop. of 1. S19. O.NONDAGA, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., .v: K .- 1.31 m. W by N. Albany, and British ports ; and 359 British bound to British ports, and 306 to American ports. Of the vessels down, 1,230 were bound to American, and 522 to British ports. Of the vessels passing up, 1.170 were bound to American, and 572 to Briti.^h pons. This shows that a large portion of the business in the Welland Can:U is American. The increasing commerce on this lake is now demanding greater facilities of outlet on the Americfln coast, and to afford this, several projects have been proposed, two of which, the Sodus Canal, and Sodus Point and Southern li. 11., are now in process of construction. The trade between the United State-s and Canada is prin- cipally through Lake Ontario, and this trade is increasing with wonderful rapidity. The exports to Canada, in 1849-50, were valued at $5,930,321, and the imports, exclusive of specie, at $3,359,101. The exports of manufactured goods to Canada, were $3,964,222. The total of this class of goods exported from the United Slates, in 1S49-50, exceeded those of 1343-9 by $3,093,137, and of this excess $2,457,915 went to Canada; so the increase to Canada exccede^l five-fold alt the increase to other countries trading with ^he United States. Ontonagon county, Midi. Situate W. of the N. penin- sula, and contains 2.323 sq. m. Dr-iined by Ontonagon, Montreal, and Presque Isle rivers. Surface for the most part even. ' In the N. W. are the Porcupine Hills, a low range of mountains, having acquired their name from the j.igged appearance of the surface. Immense deposits of iron and copper ore are found in this region. Farms ; manuf. ; dwell. 40, and pop.— wh. 883, fr. col. 6— total 8S9. Capital: Ontonagon. • Ontonagon, p. v., Ontonagon co., JificJi. : at the montli of the Ontonagon r., 359 m. N. W. Lansing. Copi>er nf a superior quality is to be ftwnd here, and in the vicinity in abund:ince. The Ontonagon Copper Company are working ONT ORA a vein in which Uuty encounter boulders of pure copper, weighiug Iroiu 25 to 50 pounds, containing: consider.-ible Bitver. There are a number of mines alfing the river course, worked by diffLTenl companies, yielding abun" par., La,: at the head of Vermillion r., 55 m.W. Baton Kuuge. The country round about is pleasant and very fertile. The Franklin College, situate here, founded in 18^9, has a president. 4 professors, and 70 students. There is also a Tlnited Slates land office here. The v. contains the court-house, 2 banks. 4 churches, am! several stores. The "St. Landry Whig" (whig), dailv, and " Opelousas Gazette" (neut,), semi-week- ly, are pvblished here. The New Orleans, Opelousas, and Great 'Western 11. K. will pass through it. Open Pond, p. o., Henry county, Ala. : S3 ni. S. E. Montgomery. OpEtjUAN river, Virg. : rises in the S. E. part of Fred- erick CO., flows N. E., separating Clark and a part of Jeffer- Min ffm Frederick and Berkley counties, and empties into the Potomac river. Opnin. p. 0-, La Salle county, HI. : 103 m. N. by E. Springfield. Oruiit, p. v.. and cap. Butte en.. Oaf'/. : on the E.sJde of Feather r.. 123 m. N. N. E. Vallejo. Pop. .S,(JOO. Orop.TO, p. c, St. Joseph county, Mich. : G9 m. S. W. Lansing. OpPENiiKnt, t. and p. v., Fulton /"O., N. Y. : 61 ni. N. W. Albany. Drained by small streams which flow into the Moh.iwk r. Bounded oh the W. by East Canada cr. The V. is in the centre of t Tlie t. contains several stores and a number of mills. Pop. of t. 2,315. Oql'awka, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., lU. : on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., a few miles above the mouth of Henderson r„ 105 m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a sand ridge that exlentls from HendtTson r. to the Mississippi. It is the binding fur this and the adjoiuing counties, and prin- ripal dcpui f.tr freights between the Dcs Moines and liock River Kapids. A railro.id is in g)rogre83 to connect this V. with Peoria. It contains the county court-house and usual number of public buildings. The " 0. Spectator" (lit.) ispublishi'd weekly. Pop. 1,200. Urax, p. v., Onondaga co., A*". Y.: on a branch of Cana- Ecragacr., 121 in. W. Albany. Okan. p. v., Kosciu.'iko co., Ind.: on La Porte post-road, 105 ni, N. Indianapolis. Orange county, Floi'. Situate E. of the peninsula, and contains 5,2.'>3 sq. ra. Drained by St. John's r.. which in its course fmm S. to X. (where it enters the Atlantic in Duval CO.). passes through the difTcrent lakes by which the face of the country is riiverailied. The land is in general low and I>art of it marshy; soil fertile. Chief productions cotton, rice. Indian cirn. wheat, fruits of all kinds, vegetables, etc- On the Atlantic siile are large lagnuns, the land on the east^ ern shore stretching out and forming Cape Canaveral. Farms 19 ; manuf. il ; dwell. .55. au<\ pop.-— wh. 23*!. fr. col 2, si. 226— total 466. 0>j"'tnf- : Midlnnville. OitANGE county, fiu?. Situate S. towanl th*^ W.. :ind con- tains 395 sq. m. l>raini-d liy Lick cr. Mud hr.'inchi's, tribu- taries of the E. fnriv of Wliiie r. Surface varied — in the N. being rolling or undulating, and iti the S. hilly; soil ft-rtile and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Timber is abundant. Il Ji.-is fine water privileges. Farms 1,118 : manuf. S : dwell. I.SIl. and pop,— wh. 10,559, fr. col. 05[i_total H).sn9. C'tpitul: Paoli. Ptddic Works: Kew Albany and Salem \\. U. Okangb county. N. Y, Situate P., and cont.nins TfiO sq. m. Drained by Wallkill, Nevisink, and Shawangunk rivers in the c -ntral portion, and br:m.-lintieclicul and Passumjisic Pivers It U. Orange county, Virff. Situate centrally toward the E., and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by branches of North Anna and liivanna rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Chief productions Indian corn and tobacco. Kapid Anna river runs along its N. "W. border. Farms 335 ; mamif. 4fi ; dwell. 756. and pop.— wh. 3,962, fr. col. 1S4, si. 5.921— total 10,067. Capital: Orange. Puhlic 'Workf;: Orange and Alexandria K. P. ; Virginia Central R. E., etc. Op..\nge, p. v., Cherokee co., Ga.: situate on a branch- of the Etowah r., Ill m. N. W. Milledgevilie. OiiANGE, p. o., Fayette county, Ind.: 31 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Oit.vNGE. t and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 67 m.W. byN. Boston. Drained by Miller's r. Surface uneven : soil bet- ter adaMted to p:islurage than culture. There are several m aim factories of ditlerent kinds. The v. is situated on the line of the Vermont and Massachusetts P. K.. 37 m. from Fitchburg. The t. contains several stores and milK Fop. of I. 1,700. Op.ange, p. 0., Branch county, Mich.: 57 ra. W. by S. Lansing. Oi:an«e, t. and p. v., Essex co., A: Jer.: 45 m. N. E. Trenton. Drained by head waters of Eahway and Second rivi-rs. and Pccknian's liranch of Passaic r., atfording e.\cel- I lent water-power. Surface mountainous; soil red shale, fertile, and in a good state of cultivation. There are several 629 OR A ORE mills 'ami niauufactories in the t. The v. is on the line of the Morris and Essex E. K., 1-5 m. New York City, and con- tains 4 churches, a number of stores, and about 2U0 dwell- ings. A chill} beale spring is situate near the village. Shoe- making forms a great business in this neighborhood. Pop. of t. 4,3S5. Oeasge, t and p. o., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 175 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by several small creeks, wliich flow into the Coshocton r., and bounded on tlie N. by an oullet of Seneca lake. Surfiice roUiug; soil very fertile. I'opululion of L 2,1 155. Orange, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 183 m. N. E. Columbus. Orange, p. o., Luzerne count)', Penn.: S5 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Oeange, t. and p. v., Orange co., Yei'-m. : 11 ra. E. by S. Montpelier. Drained by "Wait's brancli of White r.. and Stevens' branch uf Onion r., i)roflucing very valuable water- power. Surfiict; mountainous; soil along the banks of the rivers rich and productive, the remainder inferior. Granite is found in large quantities, principally on Knox Mountain in N. E. part of the L While mica of excfllent quality is also found here several inches square. The timber is mo3lly hard wood. Products of the t consist chiefly in cattle and wool. The V. is on the Bradford post-road, in centre of town. Pop. of t l.O&T. Op-ange, p. v., and cap. Orange co., Yirg. : at the junc- tion of the Orange and Al'-xan'Ier 11. R. with the Virginia Central E. R.,57 m. N. W. liiehmond. It contains a court- house, jail, 2 churches, a number of stores, about 30 dwell- ings, and 450 inhabitants. Orangedueg district, S. Car. Situate S. centrally, and contains 1,453 sq. m. Drained by North Edislo r. and ils branches, and branches of South Etiisto, which bounds it on the S. Snrface level ; soil muderaiely fertile. Chief productions cotton, rice, and Indian corn. Farms 1,0S2; manuf. IT; dwell. 2,1S6, and pop.— wh. 19,330, fr. col. 481, si. 5,244— total lT,05o. Capital: Ilillsboro'. I'nhUc Work^: South Carolina E. E. ; Columbia Branch E. E., etc. OitANGEiiURG, p, v., and cap. Orangeburg dist., iS'. Car.: on North Edisto r., and on the hne of the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina E. K., 50 m. from Columbia. It con- tains the court-house, jail, and other public buildings. Sev- eral thousand pounds of Indigo are made here annual!;, and carried to Augusta, Columbia, and Charleston ; there are two kinds— the tame and the wild — the latter of which is the most valuable. Pop. SOO. Orangeburg, p. o., Mason county, A'y. ; 71 m. N. E. Frankfort. Orange Hill, p. o., "Washington co., Flor. : 87 m. W. Tallahassee. ■ Orakge Lake, p. o., Marion co., Flor.: 125 m. S. W. Tallahassee. Orange Port, p. o., Niagara Co., K Y. : on the EocIiesU-r, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E., 51 m. Eochcstcr, 257 m. W. by N. Albany. Orange Springs, p. v., Marion oo., Floi: : on W. side of Octawaha r., and on the N. boundaiy of county, 157 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Orange Springs, p. v., Orange co., Virg. : on a branch of North Anna r., 49 m. N. "VV. Eiehmond. Orangevilie. t. and p. v.. Wyoming co., N. Y.: 239 m. W. Albany. Drained by Tonawauda cr. Surface hUly ; soil alluvial. The v. is in the centre Tliere are in tlie t. several stores and mills, etc. Pop. 1,48S. Oeangeville, p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 152 m. N. E. Columbus. OuANGEviLLE, p. V., Columbia CO., Fenn. : 55 ni. N. by E. Harrisburg. Okbisonia, p. v., Huntingdon county, Penn.: G5 m. Vf. Harrisburg. There are situate here 3 hot-blast furnaces, with an aggregate annual cai)aeily of ],500 tons each, 1 cold-bhist furnace, SOO tons annual capacity, and 1 forge, producing 250 tons blooms and" 75 tons bars annually. ORCurr. sta.. Tolland co., Co/in. : on line of the New London, Willimautic. and Palmer E. E., 53 m. New London. Orcutt Creek, p. o., Bradford county, Penn. : 99 m. N. Harrisburg. Orefield, p. o., Lehigh county, Pctiti. : 73 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. THE TERRITORY OF OREGON. Oregon, as relinquished by Great Britain to the United States in 1346, extends from 42^ to 49^ latitude north, and IVom the crest of the Kocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. As at present constituted, it is limited north by the Ci^lumbia. river, to latitude 46°, and by that line to the mounlains aforesaid, the upper portion of the original territory having lately been erected into a territorial government, under tlic title uf the "Territory of Washingt'ni." For the convt-nienoe of exhibiting the statistics of the country, however, it will be necessary to describe it as it existed before the separation. It contains altogether an area of 341,463 square miles. Oregon is naturally divided into three principal parallel sections, determined by the course of the mountains traversing it The western section is bounded by the Cast-ade Mountains, and extends from them to the Pacific Ocean ; the middle section lies between the Cascade Mountains and the Blue Mountains, and the eastern section between the latter and the crest of the Eocky Mountains. These several divisions have each distinct climatic character'istics, and differ in soil and productions. The mountain ranges extend iu general in lines parallel willi the coast, and often attain a height far above the summer snow line. The Cascade, or coast range, sometimes called the President's Eange, runs through the Territory north and south, at a distance from the sea-coast varying troui ""'0 to 150 miles, and in many places rises in regular cones to the elevation of 12,000 to 14,000 feet above the level of the sea. Except when the Columbia breaks through it, tlie communication between the east and west is almost intemiptetl, anut generally fertile. The general elevation of ihia section is about 1,000 feet above the sea level, In the north, the .'surface is broken by mountains and rivers, and (juilc unfit for agricultural purposes. The parts south of ihis, inehiding the vicinities of the Columbia and Saptin rivers, the surface is rolling, and in every way a fine grazing country. Further south there is little good land, the whole being brnken and desert, with scarcely a tree or useful vegetable, the artemesia alone seeming to flourish in the solitudes. The Rocky Mountains, forming the eastern border of the Territory, commence on the Arotie coiist, and continue with little interruption until their subsidence at the central isthmus of the continent. Along all the line bounding Orc;;un, only one eligible pass has yet been discovered, and lliat — the Great South Pass— lies on Us extreme south-east corner, forming the gate of the country. Through this pass the eniigration from the east comes in, and it is also the great thoroughfare of travel to Utah aTid California. The section immediately west of this can never be made available for selll.-ment. lU climate is variable, and in a single day the temperature may pass from winter to suiniuer heat. Kain seMom falls, and but little snow. The surface is rocky, and presents an abnost unbroken waste, while stupendous mountain spurs traverse it in all directions. This country is partially timbered. The Columbia is the great river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers of the Territory, having their origin eastward of the coast range of mountains. Its N. branch rises in the Rocky Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and lltjO TV. long., and thence pursues a N, route to near M'trillivray's Pass. Here the river is 3,600 feet above the sea-lcvcl, and, receiving Canoe River, it then lunig S., and in its course to Fort Colville it successively takes up the waters of nu- merous tributaries, the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, and Flat Head or Clark's rivers. The Columbia is thus far surrounded by high monntiins. and often expands into a chain of lakes. At Colville its elevatiim is 2,049 feet above the sea, having fallen 556 feet in 220 mile^. To the S. of this puint it tends to the W., receiving Spokan I;i^■er from the E. ; thence it pursues a W. course for 60 miles, and bending to the S., receives Okonagon River, which has its source in a line of lakes extensively susceptible of canoe navigation. The Columbia thence p:Lsses 8. until it reaches Walla "VYalla, in 45^ N. lat., .ind receives the Saptin or Lewis River ; here the elevation of the C"Iumbia is 1,236 feet, and irs width about 3,5"" feel. Ii now takes its last turn to the W., receiving the Umalilia, Quisncl's, John Day's, and Chute rivv-rs from the S., and Cathlatales from the N., and pursuing a rapial course for SO miles, it passes the gorge of Uie Cascade Mouniains in a series of falls and rapids, that form an insurmountable barrier U) the passage of boats, even in time of flood, and are over- come I»y portages. From this point there is still-water navigation lor 40 miles, when rajJids again interrupt free sailing, but hence to the ocean, 120 miles, the river, thou9rh frequently obstructed by bars, is oj)en to vessels of Itss than 1'2 feet draft. In this part of its course it receives the Willamette River from the S., and the Cowlitz from the N. The Willa- mette is navigable for small vessels to within S miles of its falls. Within a distance of 20 miles from the ocean, the Colum- l>ia is greatly increased in width, and at its month, between Cape Disappoiutnu'ut and Cape Adams, its width is 7 miles, but from each of Uiese capes a sand-bar extends which renders the actual navigable channel contracted and narrow. The mouth of the Columbia was discovered by Capt. Gray, of Boston, commander of ship Co!umbi:i, of 220 tons, on the 11th May, 1792; and on the strength of Ihis discovery the United States based their right to the territory wat^'red by its tributaries. The Chekalis, to the north of the Columbia, is a consideralilo river, and perhaps next to it in importance. It rises from several sources in the Cascade Mountains, and after a very tortuous course, receiving some smalt streams issuing from the lakes in the high ground, near the head waters of Hood's Canal ajul Puget's Sound, discharges in Gray's Harbor. Its current is rapid and much obstructed, nor is it navigable except by canoes. Emptying into Pugefs Soimd are the rivers Nesqually and Tenalquit, or Shute's River, both affording excellent water-power and some navigation. On both these rivers there are flourishing settleraent.«i, and Olympi.i, a port of entry, lies at the mouth of the latter. The rivers south of the Columbia are Clatsop, Killamook, Yaquinna, Alseya, Cmpqua, Sequatchie, and Rogue rivers, all falling into the Pacific Ocean. But two of these are worthy of notice, the majority of them being small and insignill- cant streams. The Umpqua meets the sea in about 4S'^ 54' N. lat. ; it is a large river, rising in llie Cascade Mountains by two main bninehes. which meet in about lat. 43° 20', and thence, after a due north course of about 20 miles, the river turns suddenly to the west, expanding to a considerable width in its lower course. Its principal tributaries are the Elk and Smith's rivers. Settlements have been made along the course of this stream by g-jld hunters, brought here by the repotted richness of its washings. Rogue's River rises in the same rnuge, but farther south, and flows directly W. from its source. It has also become famous for its golden sands, and has attracted to its banks many adventurers. None of these rivers form harbors capable of receiving vessels of more than 8 feet draft, and their burs are dangerous on account of ihe surf that sets up to the coast. The character of the great rivers of Oregon is peculiar : exceedingly ra])id and sunk mucli below the general level, witli perpendicular banks, they are, as it were, in trenches, it being difilculL to get at the water in maiiy places, owing to the steep basaltic walls ; an2. . 24. .. 2. . Asloria 994. .138. . C. .Now Albany Cniinties. Dwell. Lewis 146.. Marion 502.. Piillc 190.. 'W:i.«hin£;ton 41S.. Yam Hill 248.. Pup. Farms iiKnilL Maniil Estab Capitals. 558. . US. . 8.. .Pacific Cilv 2.749. .298. .11.. .Saloni. 1,051. ..129. . 2. . Cvnthian 2.651 . .116. . 5.. .Pnrlland 1,512. ..142. . 4.. .Willamctle The whole number of dwellings in Ibe gtate wns, at the above date, 2,874, of families 2,374, and of inhabilants 18.293, viz. : whites 13,n&7— males S.142, and fumales 4,945, fr, col. 2liG — males 119, and females S7. Of the whole population, there were deaf and dumh, ; Hind, ; insane — wh. 4, fr. col. 0— total 4 ; and idiotic — wh. 4, fr. col. u— tr)ial 4. The number of free persons born in the United States was ll,9£t2, the number of fortign birth l.loO. and of birth unknown 143; t)ie native population originated as follows : Maine 129, N. llami). 44, Verm. Ill, Mass. 1S7, U. 1. 20, Conn. 72, N. V. G18, N. Jer. 69. Penn. 337, Del. IS, Md. 73, DisU of Col. 15, Virg. 469, N. Car. 201, S. Car. S4, Ga. 22, Flor. 4, Ala. 20, Miss. S, La. 6, Tex. 15, Ark. 61, Tenn. 402, Ky. 730, Ohio 653, Mich. 3T, Ind. 73G, 111. 1,023, Mo. 2,206, lu. 452, Wise. 10, Calif. 25, (?rc£7rt7! 3,173, Territories!. And ttie foreign populatirm was composed of persons from— England 207, .Ireland 196, Scot- land IOC, Wales 9. Germany 125, France 45, Spain 0, Portugal 0, Belgium 11, Holland 1, Italy 5, Austria 0, Swity,crland 8, Russia 1, Denmark 2, Norway 1, Sweme'7nade. Manufactures were produced in the year to the value of $ il/(f))///(/t(?(i/-c*.— Capital invested, $00,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000 ; hands employed, 000— m:iles oiio, and females 00; monthly cost of labor $00,000— male $0,000, and female $000; total valui' of annual i>r<>- ducts $000,000. Number of manulaeturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward annually. 51. Commerce. — Oregon has a ctjnsiderable coasting trade with California in lumber,, boards, and agricultural produce, and it has also some trade with the Atlantic ports, especially New York and Boston. With foreign countries its trade is lint ited. Tiie amount of this can only be guessed at, as no general returns appear in the Treat.ury books. A report of ilie commerce of Astoria was made by the collector at that port for the year cn loara, with sand and clay inlerniixcd. It contains some beds of bog-iron ore, and some brine and sulphur springs. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms 2,271; manuf. 232; dwell. 5,273, mid pop.— wh. 2S,399, fr. col. 102— total 2S,5iJl. Cbing and nianufiicture of salt. There are several ishiuds in the buy belonging to this town. Pop. of t. 1.&4S. Orleans, p. v.. Polk county, 2Io.: oii the E. fork Sac r. 100 m. S. W. defferpMU City. Orleans, p. o., Ontario county, X. T.: 173 ul \Y. by N. Albany. Okleans Four Cokneks, p. o., -JefTerson cuunty, X Y. : 153 nL N. N. W. Albany. Orme's Store, p. o., BlC'lsoe county, T'm7i. : 91 m. S. E. Nashville. Orseville, I. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3f<\ : 1)7 m. N. E AugushL Draineii by the head waters i>f Pnshaw ^a branch of Penoljscot r.), which has its source in a jmndjii the cen- tre of the I. Surface rolling; soil fertile; adapted U) grain. The Bangor post-road passes through ihe v. Pop. of t. 424. Oro, p. v.. and cap. Placer co., t'ra"linck. Not Enlilled. From W.irelj't;. Sugar 3,072,049 ll-s. . . — lbs. . . 216,642 lbs. T*-a — .. W?,SS4» .. — « Spirits 3 2fX) gis. . . — .. 2,700 gK ■\Vine9 2.4UI " ,. — ,. 2,932 " Val. of all for. exp. $2!>-.i.0S.i .$547,99$ ..$913,514 Among the ex-porls of domestic goods are the following In .\riipric.in Vessela. In Foreign Vts^t Arti.lpg. (J-iaiii.ty. Value. Sail, bills IS.WO.. $17,ll'20. yimir ." 1,1 T'2.. s.'ieo. Kice, tierces 55. . 1,051). LealtuT, rolls 155. . 8.CC10. MtTchandisi", pUgs — . . 99.-2S0. Tobiicco, boxfs 1,5."S. . 38,.'J00. Tallow, bbls 346.. C,2:3lj. GrOL-tTiL'S — . . 1S.200. CotUjn & wool niamilaclures, ) aiui boots and shoes J Q.in.ilitJ'. 02,141 . . 471.. 1,S-T.. 230.. 1,109. 5, 4, irc. c. c, 45, ,45f m .461 .4T« .110* ,T9; .515 .(Kill Tolal (int'Iiiilini; snnflries) $252,050.. .. .^452,927 The following is an abslr.ict from Uie canal office-books of property landed at Oswego, in the jear 1S4S, with the estimated value and lis original destination: Arlicles. Western Stiites. Forest Products $ — .. Animal '* 737 . . Vegetable Food .... 99 . . Mauiilaetures 470,374 . . Merchandise S,7'.i0,s92 .. Other articles 16,473 . . Total. . $4,2S9,.575 ...$2,255,07S . .. .J-1,343.944 The above are the latest uniform series of statistics on the commerce of the port accessible; Had we the returns for 1S52 complete, they would show at least 100 per cent, in- crease in its amount and value — a fact indicated by isolated returns on different articles. The canal tolls, for instance, which in X^A-i were only $71,504, had risen iu 1S52 to $104,306, in spito of great reduction in the rates; and the following table exhibits a few leading articles carried on Uio canal in 1S51 : H U.<1 .SSS.lSl bbls. 1,076,212 bush. 1,192.217 " 179,971 " 23,645 bbls. 15,S54 " Sawed Imbr. .82,925,076 feet. Flour . . Wheal . Com.. . Barley. . Pork... Beef. . . . To 09' E. E. iron.... Iron JCails & Spks. Steel Merchandise. Sugar Salt 9s,oS1.00711is. 6,432.807 ■' . 3,093,267 " 490.352 " 25,517,835 " 14.244.3Jl " 131,9114,016 " The tonnage of all propertyrcaching Oswego in l>61),was 129,2.62 tons, and in 1851, 180,715 tons — increase iu one year, 51,463 tons. A lew of the leading articles from Canada in 1.849 and 1850, comparatively show the rapid increase of business in that direction : Arti.les Flour, barrel.1 Wheal, bushels Oats, bushels Potatoes, bushels Lumber, feel 44,137,287 . Butler, lbs Peas an9 .. . . 225,0ST 16,322 . . 22,330 Total. $7,951,409 9,602.972 18.647.819 17,687,894 18,659,247 24,013,131 osw OTS nearly 40 per cent, Tho same increase is also apparent in tlie subsequent year, 1S52. The revenue from llie canal (36 miles long), for 1S51, amounted to $200,000. Many arlk-lcs. the profiuct of the Mississippi valley, are also pre- forrinar the lake to the southern route, and of course seeking the port nearest to the point of destination. Oswego as such port has many advantages, but will perhaps have a com- petitor when the So(]U3 Canal and railroad are completed. That the rapifl progress of Oswego, hnwev»'r, is not tempo- rary, is loo apparent to allow of a doubt. The past is but a prelude to the future, which will pour iip<>n Oswego an amount of commerce unprecedented and astonishing. \Yhen the proposed system of railroads in Canada is completed, the commerce of Lake Ontario will become even greater than that of Lake Krie as being nearer to tidc-waler, and more accessible at a less cost from the gea-board cities. As before remarked, Oswego is built on both sides of the river. The two parts are united by a bridge 700 feet long, and the ground rising on both sides from the river, affords excellent drainage, and many beautiful sites for building. The place is laid out with streets running at right angles, and public squares on which are the principal buildings. The streets are 100 feet wide. Many of the residences are costly and handsome structures; the court-house is located on the east side of the river, and on an elevation to the west of the river are the Presbyterian and Episcopal churches, two of the best edifices of the place. There are also Baptist, Methodist, Roman Catholic, and other churches. Other buildings of much architectural beauty are founil in various directions, and much taste is everywhere developed in both the public and private edifices. Oswego has great advantages as a manufacturing city. The water-power atforded by the river and canal is immense, and is used in a variety of manufactures, but chiefly by several extensive fiouring-raills. On both sides of the river large manufacturing eatablisliraents are located, among which is a large starch manufactorj', which supplies an extensive market with that artiele. The water-power of tlie phiee has been greatly improved by the construction of a leader dam 7^ feel high, about a mile above. In the place there arc a number of commission houses in the foreign trade ; numerous warehouses and retail stores, several fine hotels, an extensive railroad depflt, the canal warehouses, a custom-hoiise, three banks, several insurance olSces, printing-otfices, lumber yards, etc. The periodicals printed here are — the " Commercial Times" twhig), daily and weekly; the "Daily Kews;" the " 0. Paladium" (dem.), weekly ; and the '■ People's Jour- nal," weekly. Besides the common schools, which are numerous, there are also located here an incorporated academy, and a first-rate female seminary, botli in a very flourishing condition. There are also numerous private schools. The city is defended by Fort Oswego, a strong fortiflcalion built on ihe site of the old f. >rt of the same name, celebrated in the Fremh and colonial wars. It is built on the E. side of the river, near Ihe lake, on a trict of laud ceded to the United States for such purpose. It commands the harbor, and is a sufficient defense against an enemy. Daily lines of steamboats, for the conveyance of passen- gers, run between this port, and the lake ports of the United States, and Canaonndary. Farms 227 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 6l;i, and pop.— wh. 3,307, fr. col. 1— total 3,30S. Cap- ital: Port eiintoii. ruhllc W.>rk.s: Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo It. 11. ; Junction E. K., etc. Ottawa, p. v., and cap. La Salle co., JU.: at the junction of Fox r.,withthc Illinois (which divi.les it into three p.irts), 119 m. N. N. E. Springfield. It is laid otT on boUi sides of the Illinois r., aud is accessil.ile by steamboats at higli water, for which there is a verv good landini:. Bctow for the dis- tance of S or y m., are rapids and shuuls fornud by barriers of sand and limestone rock. The Illinois and Micliigan Canal passes through the village 85 ni. fnun Cbic:igo, and 15 m. Peru, thereby opening eommuuiealion Ity waur lo the lake and the Mi^^is.^ippi r. The rhie;mo utid Kock Island II, i;. pusses through the village i\:\ m. from (.:iiica:ro. F(iunded in lS30, and contains the courl-hou:^e ;ui'i ottur buiblings. It is one of the most important sites for com- mercial business in the Slate. The water-power derived from the canal and river is immense, Tlie (Mtawa Hy- draulic Company haij,©- a viihiabie waier-imwer on the Illinois r., oue-loiirttAjr a mile above ( ti(aw;i. Tlie surface of the country around is uudataling, and well adapied to farnnng. with some groves of lindier; soil ricli. Lime and coarse freestone in great abuinianee. The "Constituiiniudisi' (whig), and "0. Free Trader" (,dem.). are put>lil'urg. It is nav- igable for lake vessels as far up as Vergennes, dist. m., and for boaLs from Middlelmry to Piitsford, 25 m. The falls at Middlobury, Wcybridge. and Yergenues, allonl e.\len^ive waltT-puwer. L:irge-sized vessels have been built at Xvr- gennes, and the floiilla of Commodore M'Donough flt'.ed out there in lsl4. Otter Buiuge, p. o., Bedford co., Vi/y. : on a branch of Staunton r., 103 m. W. by S. Kichniond. The Virginia aud Tennessee 11. U. passes near this loeatiou. O ttek Cheek, p. o., Jersey eo., lil. : on u fork of creek by same name, 03 m. S. W. Springfield. OxTEii CiiEKii, p. o.. Addison co., Vt:nn. : on a cr. of same name. 37 m. \V. by S. Monlpelier. OriEK Ckeek, p. o., Jackson co., Jfirh. : 20 in. S. by E. Lansing. Ottek Dale, p. 0., CheslerfieM county, TV/;/.; 13 m. S. Uichmond. Otter, Peaks of, Virg.: a portion <'f the Blue Eidge (Alleghany Mountaifis), situated brI\^een Bedfonl and Bntc- lourl counties, ll(j m. W. Piclimond. The'. .■ 205 hl W. by S. Albany. Drained by Catlar:nigns cr. aii-l branches. Tho cr. bounds it on the N.. and Ihe X. V. and Erie II. K. crosses ils S. W. pnrU Surface hilly ;--soil adjipted to grain. Lum- ber and grain are tlie chief products. The v. ia in the S. W. part of the t. Pop. of t. 2.267. Ono, p. v., Fulton co., ///. ; on S. side of Olicr cr.,45 m. N. W. SpringfieM. OTToniNE, p. o., Ilockingliam co., Virff. : 101 m. N. "W. Kichniond. OrrsviLLK, p. v., Bucks coiuifcy, Peiifi. : 90 m. E. by N Ilarrisburg. 639 OTT OWI Ottcmwa, p. v.; and cap. Wapello co., III. : on the Bes Moluca r.. cenlrally in co., 63 m. S. 'W. Iowa City. It con- tains the county court-house, and several ilwellin^. OuAcniTA City, p. v., Union par., La. : 159 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. A United States land office is situate here. The *' Ouachita Gazette" (dcm.) is issued weekly. OiT-EANT, p. o., Delaware co.. K V. .■ 64 m. S. W. Albany. OuitYS, p. c, Hamilton co., O/tio: OT m. S. W. Columbus. Outagamie county, "iR^c. Situate toward the 1-'., and contains 64ft sq. m. "Wolf river enters it in the W., and passes through it in n northerly direction, by which and lis br:inchea it is drained. Surface varied, in most parta being hilly and bnfkcn. but there is much level land ; soil fertile. Pine and «itber timber {riwunds, and there is fine pasturage for cattle. Ereeted since 1S50. Outlet, p. o., Lake co., Ind. : on Cedar or., 119 m. N. "W". Indianapolis. Overalls, p. o., "Warren co., Vtrg.: 103 m. N. by W. Richmond. OvBKFiELD, p. o., Bafbour county, Virg. : 175 m. N. W. Kichmond. OvERM^is's Fegrt, p. o., Muscatioc CO., /(/. ; 29 m. S. E. Iowa City. OvERSLAUGn, K r.: a shoal in the Hudson r., a few miles below Albany, consisting of a sucx:ession of bars or flats, through which there were narrow channels, with a small depth of water at low tide. The obstruction haabeeu partially removed by the government. Overton county, Tenn. Situate N., and contains 526 eq. m. Drained by Eoaring river in the S. "W., and by Obey'3 river and its branches in the N., and central portions. SLirlace undulating ; soil a fine deep mold, and very fertile, the land on the streams being rich and productive. Staples, cotton, tobacco, and Indian corn. It has good pasturage for cattle, and some excellent timber land. Farms 929; manuf. ; dwell. 1,673, and pop.— wh. 10,0S6, fr. col. 60, si, 1,065— total 11,211. Copltal: Livingston. Ovid, p. v., Lee co., III. : on a branch of the Illinois r., 133 m. N. i E. Springfield. Ovid, p. o,, Madison co., Ind.. : 29 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Ovid, t. and p. o., Branch county, Micfi. : 6:3 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by two small creeks. Surface rolling; soil of a dark, rich loam ; abounds in fine timber lands and excellent grazing. Pop. of t 710. Ovio, t and p. v., Seneca co., N. Y.: 60 m. "W. Albany. Bounded on the E. by Cayuga, and on the W. by Seneca lake. Drained by a number of small streams flowing into Uie Lakes. Surface hilly; soil fertile. The v. is on an ele- vation, and has a good landing on the lake. The " O. Bee" is a weekly issue. Pop. 2,258. Ovn», p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the "W. side of I^ig Lick creek, 12 m. N. E. Columbus. OwA6C0,tandp. v., Cayug.-ico., N. Y. : 144m.'W.byN. Alb.any. Bounded on the "W. by Owasco lake, by which and the cr, it is drained. Surface rolling ; soil rich sand and loam, and well cultivated. The v. is in the S. E. part of t., and contains two churches and several stores and dwellings. There are in the t. a number of mills. Pop. 1,254. OwASGO Lake, p. o., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 133 m. W. i N. Albany. OwASco lake, Cayuga co., H. K ; 12 m. in length, and 1 mile wide, running N. and S., 145 m. "W. from Albany, in the t. of Owasco, Fleming, Niles, and Scipio. Theiianksof tlie lake are very hilly and picturesque. It abounds in flue fish. Its outlet, so called, flows into Seneca river, and affords excellent water-pnwer. OwASCo river, A^. 3'. .• outlet of Owasco lake, flows N. into Seneca river, in the t. of Metz. It affords extensive water- power, and has some fine mill-sites already occupied. OwAscrs, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 03 m. N. E. Madison. OwAsso, t. and p. v., Shiawassee co.,- Midt. : 21 m. N. E. Lansing. Drained by Shiawassee and Maple r. Surface 640 generally level; in parts swampy, and well adapted to the raising of cattle. There are fine mill-sites on the Shiawassee and Maple rivers. The v. is situate on the Shiawaesee river. Pop. of t. 392. Oi^T-GO, t., p. v., and cap. Tioga co., K Y. : 182 m. "W.S.'W. Albany, and 160 m. Dunkirk. The Susquehanna r. divides the t., by which and its tributaries it is drained. Surface various; in parts hilly, while along the river there are ex- tensive flats ; soil fertile, and well cultivated. The v. is on the N. bank of the Susquehanna r,, at the month of Owego creek ; was incorporated in 1S27, and now conlaina the court-house, jail, and other public huildings, a bank, several hotels, and an academy. "Water-power is derived by means of an hydraulic canal, supplied from Owego i-reek. which fs an important and never-failing mill stream. The Erie R. U. passes through the v., and the Cayuga and Susquehanna R. 11. extends from here to Cayuga, distant 70 miles. The manufactures consist of wool and wooden-ware. Lumber, plaster, and salt, are the chief commodities of trade. The *' O. Advertiser" (whig) and '■ 0. Gazette" (dem.) are issued weekly. Pop. of the t. 7,159. Owego creek, A'". 5'; ; rises in the S. part of Cortlnndt and Tompkins counties, and flowing S., affording good water privileges to several villages, eui])ties into the Susqu^ hanna river, at Owego village, Tioga county. Owen county, Ind. Situate S. W. centrally, and contains 449 sq. m. Drained by branches of Eel river, and W. fork of Wliite river. The falls of the former furnish excellent water privileges. Surface undulating in the larger portion of the county ; the land in the E. is hilly, and on the rivers level ; soil fertile, being a deep vegetable mold, and is very productive. Timber is abundant on the sinmms. Coal is found, and there are some fine beds of iron ore. Farms 1,442, manuf. 26 ; dwell. 2,000, and pop.— wli. 11,950, fr. col. 156— toUd 12,106. Capital: Spencer. Owen county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 2S9 sq. m. Drained by Eagle and Cedar creeks, and other small streams. Surface level; soil generally fertile, and making fine pas- ture land. Chief productions, tobacco and Intiian com, wheat, sugar, etc. Farms 917; manuf. 6: dwell. 1,023, and pop.— wh.S,900, fr. col. 80, si. 1,514— total 10.444. Capital: Owenton. PubUe WorAs : Vinccnnes and Indian:^olis P. R. ; Wabash and Erie Canal. OwEx, p. o., "Wabash county, I?irl. : 69 ra. N. by E. Indianapolis. Owen river, Calif. : rises in the Snowy Mountains, 174 ra. E. by S. i S. Vallejo, flows through a mountainous di3» trict, E. by S. about 27 m., and S. about 53 m., emptying into a lake so called. OwKNSBOBorGii, p. V., and cap. Daviess co,, Kr/. : on tho banks of the Ohio r., 9 m. below Eockport, and 123 in. W. S. W. Frankfiirt. Situate in a very fertile region, abounding in mineral resources. It contains the conrt- liouso, several churches, an academy, and a number of stores and dwellings. The " American," a weekly (ludep.), is published here. Pop. 1,314. OwENsnrj'.G, p. 0., Green county, Irid.: 59 miles S. W. Indianapolis. OwENSvrLLE, p. v.. Saline county. Ark. : on middle forb Saline r., 2S m. "W. S. "ft'. Little Kock. OwENsviLLE, p. v., Glbson CO., Ind. : near Polk's mill stream, 12.") in. S. W. Indianapolis. Ow-ENsviLLE, p. v., Gcrmont county, Oluo : 75 m. S. "W. Columbus. OwENTON, p. v., and cap. Owen co., Ky. : situate in S. W, part of CO., 19 m. N". Frankfort, and contains the court-house :md several dwellings. OwENviLLE, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 49 m. E. 8. E; Kaleigh. Owixg's Laxe. station, Baltimore co., Mt Balllmore .-.n.l Susqutbanna E. K.. n m. N. Baltimore, 41 m. N. Annapolis. 0wi-i06Tn.l.E, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Ju/, .■ 3 m. N. Slate cr., in centre of co., and CI ni. E. Frankfort. It con- tains the court-house, etc., and 265 inhabitants. Owi. Pp.A.iEre. p. v., Daviess co., Iiut. : on the W. side of Wabash and Erie Canal, and near the W. fork of White r. To ni. 8. W. Indianapolis. *' OwsLEV county, A>. Situate E. centrally, and contains .Vj sq. m. Drained by Kentucky river and its branches. South fork, and Sturgeon creek. Surface even; soil a Sne deep loam, very fertile, and weU adapted to grain. Chief productions, wheat, Indi.an com, and tobacco. Farms 4S1 ; manuf. 25 ; dweU. 6SS, and pop. wh.— 8,616, fr. col. 22, si. 136— total 3,TT4. Capital : BoonevUle. OwTOF.E river. Ore;,. Ter.: tributary of Lewis, a fork of Columbia r, rises in Weber CO., Utnh Tii:, makes a circuit- ous course W. and N. W. into Ore^jon, flowing X. aud N. E. enters Lewis r. 15 m. 8. Fort Boissn. Oxbow, p. o., Wyoming co., Pmn. : 05 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisbura. O.'iBow, p. v., JelTorson co., N.Y.: nxy the Oswegatchie river. 117 m. N. by W. Albany, and 31 m. N. E. Sackelfs Harbor. O.xnow, p. o., Tutnam county, Rl : 101 m. jST. by E. Springfield. Oxford county, Jfe Situate W. toward the S., and con- tains l.srs sq. m. Drained by Androscoggin river and its branches, and by Saco river. Surface in general broken and hilly, and is pleasantly diversified with numerous lakes : soil in many parts is very fertile. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some good timber land. Farms 4,^^S ; manuf. 160 ; dwell. 6,712, and pop.— wh. S9,65S, fr. col. 6— total 39,663. Capital : Paris. Oxroi:D. p. v., Talbot co., Md. : on an inlet of Chesapeake bay, 27 m. S. E. Annapolis. 0.i:foed, t. and p. v., New Eaven co.. Conn. : 32 m. S- W. Hartford. Drained by Housatonic anil Nangatuck rivers and branches, affording cttensive water-power and fine mill-seats. Surface generally uneven, in parts hilly, with a fertile and productive soil. Among the manufactur- ing establishments, those of satinet and hat are the most im- portant. In the S. part there is a mineral spring called " The Pool," much used in the ciu-e of salt rheum and other com- plaints. The V. is on the line of the Norwich and Worcester E. E., 1 1 m. Worcester. It contains 2 churches and several dwelliTigs. Pop. of 1. 1,562. OxFOKD, p. v., Newton co., Oa.: 55 m. N. W. Millcdge- i-ille. The Emory College (founded in 1S37) is situate hiTe, having (.in ISoO) a president, 5 professors, anil 138 alumni' of whom 16 are in the minLstrj-. and 115 students. The library contains 1,700 volumes. Pop. about 600. Oxford, p. v., Henry co., Jll. : on the Monmouth and Prophetstown post-road, 105 m. N. by W. Springfield. Oxford, p. o., Benton co., Ind.: situate Si m. disL Big Pine creek, 75 m. N. W. Indianapolis. OxFoBD, p. o., Scott CO., Ky. : 15 m. N. E. Frankfort. Oxford, L, p. v., and sta., Oxford countv, Jfe .• 33 miles W. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Little Andro.sco»gin r and a number of ponds. The soil is fertile, producing excellent gram. There are several mills on the banks of the river The v. is in S. p.art of t. The Atlantic and St. LawTence 1!. E. passes through it, on which is the sta., 40 m from Portland. Pop. of 1. 1,233. OxpoED, p. o., Grafton co., S. Ucmp. : 45 m. N. by W Concord. Oxford, t. and p. t., Worcester CO., Mast. : 47 m. S. W Boston, and 10 m. S. Worcester. Important for its manu- factures, consisting chiefly of woolea and cotton goods, boots and shoes. It is a very ple.-i.saQt t., well watered by French river, a branch of the (iuineb.aug. Surtiice rugged ; soil graveUy. There are in the town several stores, manul lactones, grist and saw mills, and a machine and other mr- 41 cbaiiic shops. The village is on a s:rcet running \. and S Poj). of t. 2.330. Oxford, t. and p. o., Oakland county, Mirh. • 1I3 m E Lansing. Watered by Stony an.l several other smaller lakes and streams. Surface hilly, intcrsi,er.*«l with .nar^hcs ■ .oil varied, in parts sandy. The p. o. is in the S. of the town. Pop, of t, 1,019. Oxford, p. v., and cap. Lafayette co., J«,s, ; at the source of a branch of the Yocanapalaplia river, 14;! m. N. X. E. Jackson. It has a college (the University of Miss.), fiunded' in 1S41, having (in ISoo) a president, 6 iirofessors, and 1.34 students, with a library containing 2,4o0 volumes. Contains the court-house, and usual number of public buildings. There are two newspapers published here, the '• Organizer" (S. R.), and the "Star of the Tnion" (union\ hoili weekly issues. The High Comt of Errors sits hero once everv year. Pop. about 1,600. Oxford, t. and p. v., Chenango co., Jf. Y. : 97 m. W. bv S. Albany. Surface rolling; soil very fertile, an.l well culti- vated. The Chenango r. and canal pa^s through it. There is a factory and several mills in the town. The v. is on the Chenango r., which divides it. It has a foundry, tannerv, and several carriago maiuifaetori.'S. The canal p.osses through the v., which alTords easy communication with the city of Utica. Oxford abounds in rich grazing land, fine horses and cattle. The "C. County Whig," and "Free Democrat," are published here. Poj). of village 1,.360— of town 3,227. Oxford, sta.. Orange co., K T. .■ on Iho Erie E. E., 62 m. New York, 87 m. S by W. Albany. Oxford, p. v., and cap. (Jranville connly. j\'". Car. : .39 m. N. Ealeigh, and near Fishing creek. It contains the court- house, jail, market-house, hospital, and 2 academies, 360 dwellings, and 1,973 inhabitants. Oxford, t. and p. v., Butler co., 0/iii,: 90 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Creat Jliauii r. Sur- face moderately uneven ; soil of e.-itraordiuary fertility. The village lies on the W. side of Four Mile cr.^ and near the union of Uic Four Mile Valley anwn several stores, lumber yards, factories, and mills, and a number of sclioola and academies. Population of town 6,900. Oysteu ba5', K Y. : sets up from Long Island Sound, and is connected with the harbor so called, and Coldspring harbor. It abounds with wild fowl and excellent scale flsh. OvBTER creek, Ttw. ; rises in Fort Bend co., 3 m. N. Richmond, flows S. E. and S., parallel with Brazos r., and empties into the Gulf of Mexico., 2 m. N. of its mouth. Oyster river, jV; JTamp. : oue of the principal branches of the Piscataqua r., rises in Lee, and flows tlirough Dur- Iium t. Upon both sides of the r. a deep agillaceous loam prevails, which is favorable to the production of grasses. Abundance of oysters are found in its waters, from whicli it derives its name. Large quantities of superior granite are found on the borders. OzAKK county. Mo. Situate S., and contains 1.593 sq. m. Drained by branches of White r. Surface hilly and broken ; eoil generally fertile and adapted to gnizing. Farms 253 ; manuf 5; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 2,279, fr. col. U, si. 15— total 2,294. Capital : Rockbridge. OzAP-K, p. v., and cap. Franklin co.. Ark: : on the N. side of the Arkansas r., 100 m. N. W. Little Kock. It contains the county court-house and S4 inhabitants. OzAEK, p. v., Greene co.. Mo. : on S. side of Finley cr., 123 m. S. S. W. Jeflerson City. Pablo bay, Calif. See San Pablo bay. Pace's, p. o., Barren county, Ky. : 103 m. S. W. by S. Frankfort Pacuitta, p. T.) Early county, Ga. ; 143 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Pacific, p. c, Franklin county, K. Car. : 32 m. N. E. Ealeigh. pAca-io City, p. v., port, and cap. Pacific co., Oreg. Ter.: on the N. bank of Columbia r., at its entrance into Pacific ocean. 100 m. N. W. by N. Salem. Packard's, sta., Berkshire county, ifaftn. : 3 m. N. of Pittsfield, on the Pittsfield and North Adams R. R. Pack's Feeey, p. o., Monroe county, Virg. : 1S3 m. W. Richmond. Packsville, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 3T m. E. S. E. Columbia. PacoletMills,p. 0., Union dIst, S. Car. : 72 m. K. N. "W. Columbia. Pactolus, p. v., Pitt county, JV. Car. : on the N. side of Tar r., about 12 ra. above its mouth, SI m. E. Raleigh. Paddleford's, sta., Ontario co., K. Y.: 9 m. ^V. of Cau- andaigua on the Rochester and Syracuse R. K. Paddock's Grove, p. v., Madison en., Jll. : about 3 m. TV. of Cahobia cr., 64 m. S, S. W. Springfudd. Paddy Mirxs, p. o., Shenandoah county, Vii'g.: 104 m. N. W. Richmond. Paddy's Run, p. o., Butler co., Ohio: 102 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. Paducah, p. v., and cap. M'Cracken co., Ky.: on the Ohio r.. just below the mouth of the Tennessee, 214 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. It is the dep6t for the products <-f the valley of the Tennessee, and in a great measure commands the trade of that river, which gives it great importance as a shipping port, and has rapidly increased its population. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, about 50 large stores and warehouses, and 2,42S inhabitiints. The "P. Journal" (whig), is published weekly. Pagf. county, la. Situate 9. W., and contains 576 sq. m. Brained ,by Elkhom r., and branches. Surface generally level. Set off since 1850. Page county, Vlrg, Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1S5 sq. m. Drained by the S. fork of Shenandoah r. Surface hilly and broken; soil generally fertile. Chief products wheat and Indian com. On the E. is the Blue Ridge. Farms 526; raanuf. 28; dwell. 1,0S9, and pop.— wh. 6,332, fr. col. 811, si. 957— total 7,600. Capital: Luray. Page's Corners, p. v., Ilerkimer county, N. Y.: 64 m, W. by N. Albany. Pagesville, p. v., Newberry dist., S. Car. : 51 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. The Laurens R. R. passes through il. Pageville, p. v., Barren co,, Ky. : 109 m. 8. W. by S. Frankfort. Paincourtville, p. v.. Assumption parish, La.: 34 m. S. by E. Batan Rouge. Paine's Hollow, p. v., Herkimer county, ^. Y. : 63 m. W. N. W. Altjany. Paine's Point, p. o., Ogle co., 111. : G m. E. of Rock r., 159 m. N. by E. Springfield. Paintwville, t. p. v., and cap. Lake co., Ohio; on Lake Erie, 147 m. N. E. by a^. Columbus. Drained by Grand r., which affords water-power. Surface level, and soil of aver- age fertility. The v. is on the r., about 3 m. S. of the lake, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, a large furnace and stove manufactory, several flouring and other mills, and about 1.000 inhabitants. It is on tlie Cleveland and Erie R. R., 29 m. E. of Cleveland, and a branch rail- road diverges Uy Fairport v., at the mouth of Grand r. 'i he " P. Telegraph" (fr. soil) is published weekly. Population of town 3,12S. PAINF.8V1LLK, p. V.. Amelia co., Yirg.: on Flatcr. of Ap- pomattox r., 29 m. W. S. W. Richmond. In the vicinity are a cotton factory and several mills. Painesville. p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. Paint Branch, sta.. Prince George co., Md.: 8 m. E. of "Washin^t'in, on the "Washington Branch R. R. Paint Creek, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on a branch of Stoney cr., so called, 68 m. 8. E. Lansing. Paint Creek, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg. : on a S. branch of Great Kanawha r., 221 m. W. by N. Richmond. Painted Post, t., Steuben co., N. Y.: on both sides of Chemung r., 165 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam, and highly productive on the streams and flats. Drained by Chemung r. and its creeks. The business is very extensive, particularly in lumber and coal, and is mainly transacted at the large and flourishing v. of Coming (sfe Corning), where three railroads conned, and the navigable feeder of Chemung Canal commence* Popula- tif.n 4,372. Painted Post, p. v. and sta., Erwin t, Steuben co., 2^. Y. : at junction of Conhocton and Tioga rivers, which here form the Chemung r, 166 ra. "W. by S. Albany. The Erie R. R. passes through il, 302 m. from New York, and 107 m. from Dunkirk, also the Buffalo, Corning, and New York R. R. Two falls in the r. afford great water-power. This v. is a very old settlement, and derives its name from its location near an Indian burying ground, in which a painted post was erected over the grave of a chief. At this spot in the v. the inhabitants have placed a high painted post, surmounted by a metal figure of an Indian chief. The village contains several mills and stores, a church, etc. Pop. about 700. Painters viLLE, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 53 ra. W. S. "W. Columbus, Paint Lick. p. o., Garrard co., Ky. : on a 9. branch of Kentucky r., so called, 46 m. 9. E. Frankfort. Paintsville, p. v., and cap. Johnson co.. Ky.: on Big Faint cr.. an aflluent of the W. fork of Big Sandy r., 113 m. E. byS. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, anil 25lt inhabitants. Pakwaukef., p. v., Marquette co., Wiftc. : on the W. side of Bufl'alo I:ike. a large expansion of Neenah river, 49 m. N. by W. Mailison. Palatinf.. L and p. v., Montgomery co., 2^. Y. : on the N. side of Mohawk r., 49 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Garoga cr. Surface broken; on the river is the hill called Anthony's Nose; soil of great fertility. The Utiea and Schenectady R. R. passes along the r. The v., on the cr., contains several mills and factories. Pop. of L 2,854. PAL PAL Palatine, p. v., Marion co., Virg.: about 3 m. E. of Monongabela r., 191 m. N. W. Kiehmond. Palatine, p. v., Cook county, JUL: lOG m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Palatine Bridge, p. v., Montgomery co., K. Y. : on the Mohawk, 47 m. W. N. "W. Albany. A bridge conoecls it with Canajoharic, on the S. side of the r. It is on the Utica and Schenectady R. R., 40 m. E. of Utica, and has a quarry of fine building stone. Palenville, p. v., Greene county, N. Y. : 29 m. S. S. W. Albany. Palermo, t and p. v., "Waldo co.. Me. ; 17 m. E. N. E. Angusta. It contains several ponds, tlie sources of Sheepa- cot r. Surface undulating ; soil very productive, A superior farming and grazing t. Pop. of 1 1,059. Palermo, t. and p. o., Oswego co., N. Y, : 106 nLW. N.W. Albany. Drained by Catfish cr. Surface undulating; soil sandy li. : on Talla- hatchie r., 134 m. N. by E. Jackson. It eonf.'iins a court- house, jail, an academy, several Bt-^rcs, mid 500 inhabilanls. G4i The " Panolean" (dem.), and "P, Picayune-' are published weekly. Paxtego, p. o,, Beaufort co., if". Car. : on a small afflueul of Pungo r., 106 m. E. Kaleigh. Panthee, p. v., and cap. Polk co., Ark. : 110 m. W- by S. Little Eock. It is a small settlement, in which the wuuty business is transacted, containing a hotel and 3 or 4 stores. Panther Cheek, p. o., Cass co.. III. : about 2 m. S. of Sangamon r,, 33 ra. W. N. "W. Springfield. Pantiier Ckeek, p. o., Surry co., N. Car. : 127 m. W. N.W Ealeigh. Pantiiee Fohk, p. 0., Greenville district, S. -Car. : 112 m. N. W. Colurabia. Panther's Gap, p, o., Eockbridge co., Virg. : on the E. base of Mill mt., 102 m. "W. by N. liiehmond. Pantiies Springs, p. o., Jefferson co., Tenn. : 185 m. E. Nashville. Pantiiersvilxe, p. v., Do Kalb co., Oa. : on a head of Ocmulgee r., sy m. N. W. by W. MiUedgevdle. Panton, t. and p. o., Addison county, Verm. : on Lake Champlain, 87 m. W. S. W. Montpelier. Bounded E. by Otter cr., and drained by a S. branch. Surface very level; soil of average fertility. Pop. 559. Pan Yan, p. o., Eaciue county. Wise. : G3 miles E. S. E. Madison. Paoli, p. v., aiid cap. Oninge co., Ind. : on the N. side of Lick cr., S3 m. S. by "W. Indianapolis. It contains a oourtr house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, several flouring and other mills, and 4C1 inhabitants. A plauk-road leads heuco 40 m. to New Albiiny. Paoli, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: 73 m. E. by 8. Harris- burg. Two miles S. "W". of the v. is a monument on the spot where, on tlie 20th of September, 1777, Gen. "Wayne waa defeated by the British under Gen. Grey. Tiie v. is 21 m. from PhiladeJifhia, on the Colurabia and Philadelphia R. R., beyond which a branch road to "Westchester diverges here. Papaoton river, iVl Y.: the E. branch of Delaware r. rises in E. part of Delaware co., and flows S. "W. G5 ra. to its junction with W. branch of the Delaware r. Papakl'Nk, p. 0., Delaware co., K. Y. : on Papacton r, 52 ra. S. W. Albany ; now called HalcottsvUle. Paper-Mill Village, p. v., Cheshire co.. iK ITmnp. : on Cold r., 5 m. E. of the Ct>nuecticut, 39 m. "W. by S. Concord. Papertown, p. o., Cumberland co., Pcnn. : "W. Harris- burg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity, using water- power, is located here. Paferville, p. v., Sullivan co., Tenn.: on a N. branch of Holston r., near the Yirg. line, 253 m. E. by N. Nashville. Papinsville, p. v., Bates co., Mo.: on Osage r., 103 m. "W. S. W. Jefferson City. Pabaclifta, p. v., and cap. Sevier co., Ark.; on Cossatot cr. of Little r., 121 m. S. "W. by W. Little Eock. It contains a court-house, hotel, and several stores. Pop. 144. Paradise, p. o.. Coles co., 111. : G9 ra. E. S. E. SpringSeld. Parauise, sta., Wayne co., Ohio: 8 m. E. of Woosler, on the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. Parapise, p. v., Lancaster county, Pernn. : 47 m. E, S. E. Harrisburg. PAr.ADisE, p. o., Eockingham co., Virg.: 103 m. N. W. Eichmond. Paradise Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn. : 62 ra. "W. Harrisburg. The ftirnace uses water-power, and has annual c:ipaeiIyof 1,000 tons. A forge, capable of producing 500 tons blooms per annum, is also located here. Paradise Valley, p. v., Monroe comity, Penn.: 97 ra. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. pAi'.(!nKR's Corners, p. c, Fulton county, Ohio: 129 m, N. N. "W. Columbus. Pardkevillr, p. v., Columbia co.,Wific.: on the Neenah, near the E. end of Swan lake, 84 m. N. Madison. It con- tains several mills and stores, and a population of 200. Takiiam's LANnrxo, p. o., Catahoula par., La.: 101 m- N. N. W. liiitou Eouge. PAR PAR Parham's Store, p. o., Sussex co., Tirff. : 37 m. S. S. E. nichmond. Paiu'^, p. v., and cap. Kdgar co., IIK: 106 m. E. by S. Springfield. It lies on the E. border of a large prairie, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 6ftO inliabilnnts. The proposed railroad from Tcrre Haute to Springfield passes through it. The "Prairie Beacon" (whig) is pui»lislied weekly. Paris, p. v., Jennings co., Ind.: on the E. side of Gra- ham's fork of Muscatatuk r.. 6S m. S. S. E. Indianapolia. It contains several storts and about 500 inhabitants. PAitts, p. v., antl cap. Bourbon Co., Ay. ; on the S. branch of Licking r. 31 m. E. Frankfurt. It contains a courl-hini-^o and jail, a hank, two academies, several largo commercial houses, and 1,3'^4 inliabiutnts. The Maysville and Lexing- ton U. R. passes through it, and the proposed road fiMin Louisville to Knoxville, Tenn. The " Western Citizen" (whig) is published weekly. pAiiis, t., p. v., and cap. Oxford co., Me. : 37 m. "W. by S. Augusta. Brained by Little Androscoggin r. and branches, supplying much wator-power. Surface uneven; in parts rough; soil very productive of grass and grain. A superior farming town, with several large factories and mills. The Atlantic and St, Lawrence K. K. crosses the W. part along the r. The v., on an E, branch of the r., has a brisk trade, and contains a court-house, jail, and academy. The "Ox- ford Democrat" and ''Second Advent Kcview" are issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,8S3. Paris, t. anplies fine wa .^r-power. Surface high and rolling; soil sandy and calcareous loam of excellent quality, and hitrlily cuUivati'd. It is well limbered, and has several maimfact'Tits of cotton and woolen goods, paper, etc. Pop. of t. 4.'3S3. Paris, p. o., Coweta county, G'l.: 92 miles W. by N. Milledgcville. Paris, p. v., Lafayette co. J/i>.9. ,• 151 m. N. by E. Jacks^m. Paris, t. and p. v.. Slark county, 0/iio:l()l m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Sandy cr. and branches, affording water-power. Surface rolling or hilly ; soil fertile. The v. contains several factories and 500 inhabitants. Population of t. 2,740. Paris, p. o., "Washington county, Petin.: 173 m. "W. Uarrisburg, pARie, p. v., and cap. ITcnry co., T^mi. : on a branch of Big Sandy river, a W. tributary of the Toiineasee, SiJ miles W. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, acade- my, and several stores, and 400 inhabitants. "The Repub- lic'' (whig) is published here -weekly. Paris, p. v., and cap. Lamar co., Te.r. : 267 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It contains a court-he use, jail, academy, and several stores. The "Western Star," a weekly issue, is published. Pahis, p. v., Fauquier county, Virg. : 103 m. N. N. W. Eichni'tnd. It lies at the E. base of the Blue Kidge, and contains several stores and 250 inhabitants. Paris, t. and p. o., Kenosha co., Wi~sc. : 79 m. E. S. E. Madisnn. Drained by Des Plaines r., on which are numer- ous mill-.sites. Surface mostly even, and soil very product- ive of the grains. A fine limestone is quarried. Pop. 947. PAKisBirua. Giles Co., Virff. S*^e Gilts C. II. Parisu. I. and p. o., Oswegr* co., Js\ }'. : 133 m. TIV. N. W. I Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. Surface undulating; soFI | fertile loam. A farming t. with euperior dairies. Popula- l Uon 1,799. ^ J PARi>~Hvri,i,F:, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., iV. J'. ; 147 m. N. N. E. Albany. Drain<-d by Racket and St. Regis rivers. Surface rolling: soil adapted to grass, com. and rye. It is heavily timbered and wi.dl supplied \^ith mill-seals. The v. is on St. Regis r., and contains several mills and about 500 inhabitants. P«ip. of I. 2.132. Pauisville, p. v., portage co., Ohio: on (he W. branch of Mahoning r., 12S m. N. E. Columbus. Park, I. and p. o., St. Joseph's co., Mi'/t. : 7K m. 8. "W. Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the S(. JnsipliV, which furnishes good mill-sites. Surface undulaliug; suit very productive. Pop. 8"-'3. Parke enunty, Jnd. Situate W., and contains 4'2S sq. ni. Drained by Sugar and Big and Little liaconn creeks, tril>- nt.arics of the Wabash, which nnis on its western border, and by these good water-power is gained. Surface slightly undulating, and partly divtT&ilied with low hills ; soil a deep black loam, with sand intermixed, and very fertile. Chief productions wheat, Indian ci'rn, and tobacco. There ia some rich prairie-land and much fine timber. It contains coal, and has some excellent beds of iron ore. Farms 1.390; inanuf. 63 ; dwell. 2,46S, and jiop.— wh. 14,741, fr. col. 227— total 14,9GS. (7tt/j/i((^;Kockville. PublicWork-^: Wabaah and Erie Canal. Parker's, sta., Hillsboro' co., A\ I/anip. : 10 m. N. W. of Manchester, on the New Hampshire Central R. R. Parkersburg (formerly Sciioolev's Mount), p. v., Mor- ris CO., iV. Jer. : 3S in. N. by W. Trenton. A mineral spring here, with the beauty of its location on the E. side of Schooley's Mountain, has made it a popular place of sum- mer resort, with ample accommodation fur visitors. Parkeksuuug, p. v., Richland county, III. : 119 m. 8. E. Springfield. Parkersburg, p. v., Jasjjcr co., /a. : S2 m. W. Iowa City. Parkersbi-rg, p. v., Montgomery county, Ind. : li m. W. by N. Indianapolis. Parkersui'I'.o, ]). ()., Yell CO., AiA:: on Petite Jenn r, 70 m. W. by N. Little Rock. Parkersrurg. p. v., and cap. Wood co,, Virff.: on the Ohio, inmicdiately above the entrance of Little Kanawha r., 252 m. W. N. W. Richmonii. It has an extensive river and inland trade, and valuable manufaelnres, which must be greatly increased by the completion of the Cincinnati, llills- boro', and Park«rsburg R. li, and the North Western R. R., thi.' latter to connect the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. wilh the Ohio r. at tliis place. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 2 academii^, a dozen stores, 2 steam saw-mills, 2 steam fl(»uring-mills, numerous smaller manufacturing ffr tablivlmients. and a papulation of 1,218 souls. Tiie "P. Gazette" (whig) and *■ P. News" are puljUshed weeicly. Parker's Uead, p. o., Linci>tn co., Me.: on the Atlantic, 37 m. S. S. E. Augusta. Parker's Stork. ]t. o., Franklin co., Otr. : about 3 m.W. of Savannah r., 100 m. N. by E. Miiledgeville. Paekersville, p. v., Chester co., I'enn.: 63 m. E. 8. E. Uarrisburg. Parkeilsville, p. 0., St. Tammany par., La.: 63 m. E, Baton Rouge. Paekesbueo, p. V. and sta., Chester co., P&nn.: on the Columbia and Phiiadetpliia R. R., 45 m.W. of Philadelphia, 61 m. E. S. E. Uarrisburg. It contains the State machine shops, several dep6Is and warehouses, 3 stores, a hote-1, and between 50 and 60 dwellings. Parkeville, p. v., Noxubee county, MtJiS. : 113 milee N. E. by E. Jackson. Park Hall, p. o., SI. Mary's county, MiL: 46 milei 6. Annapolis. Park Heap, p. o., Washington county, Md.: b9 uiik* N. W. by W. Annapolis. Parki-son, p. o., Beaver co., Pe^in.: 184 ra. W. by N. Uarrisburg. I'arkman, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Me. : 5J m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by brancheti of Pis'-atai^ui* r G4^ PAR PAS Surface moderately uneven; soil fertile and well wooded. A superior dairy town. Pop. 1.243. Paekman, t. and p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 136 m. N. E. Columbu3. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga and Grand rivers, which furnish good mill-aeala. Pop. 1.353. Park's, p. o., Scott co., Ark. : on La Fave r., 94 m. W. Little Rock. Park's, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : about 4 m. E. of Savannah r., 7S m. W. by S. Columbia. Park's Coenkrs, p. v., Boone co., HI. : 1S6 m. N. by E. Springfield. Park's Stoke, p. o., Cabarras co., N. Car. : lol m.W. by 9. Ealeigh. Park's Stoke, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 164 m. N. by E. Montgomerj". Parksville, p. v., Sullivan county, N. Y. : S3 ra. S. W. Albany. Pakkton, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. Bide of Great Gunpowder Falls, where it is crossed by the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. K., 25 m. N. of Baltimore. pARKTiLLE, p. 0- Platte CO.. 3fo. : . Pakma, t. and p. o., Monroe co., ^' }'. ; on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, 217 ni. W, by N. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing into Braddock's bay. Surface generally even; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and very productive. It i3 chiefly a farming town, but has several manufactories. Pop. 2,946. Parma, t. and p. o., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface level, and soil adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,.529. Parma, sla., Jackson co.,Mich.: on the Michigan Central K. K., 10 m. W. of Jackson. Parma Centre, p. o., Monroe co., A^. Y. : 215 m. W. by N. Albany. Paknassfs, p. o., "Wilcox co., Ala. : about 4 m. W. of Alabama r., 76 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Parnassus, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: 106 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. Paruwas City, p. v., Iron county, UtnJi Ter. : near S. extremiiy of Little Salt Lake. 105 m. S. S. W. Fillmore City. Parrish, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 8 m. N. of Skunk r.. 59 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Parkotsvtlle, p. v., Cocke co., Teim. : on a branch of French broad r„ 2(i9 ni. E. by N. N:ishviUe. Parrysville, p. v.. Carbrin co., Penn. : on the E. side of Lehigh r., at the mouth of Big creek, 73 m. N. E. by E. Harrlsburg. Parsippast, p. v., Morris co., AC Jer. : on Parsippany r., 47 m. N. N. E. Trentuu. It contains an academy and several stores and mills. Parsonage, p. o., Williamsburg dist., ^S". Car.: 79 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Parsossfield, t. and p. v., York co.. Me. : 74 ro. S. "W. Augusta. Bounded N. by Ossipee r., and W. by X. fhimp. Surface broken and rough ; soil proiliRlive. Several ponds feed fine mill streams. Iron ore and ziniiare found. Farm- ing and various manufactures are extensively carried on. The V. contains an incorporated seminary for both sexes. Pop. of t. 2.322. Partlow's, p. o.,Spottsylvaniaco., Virg.: 4fini.N. by W. Eichmond. Partnersiiip, p. o., Charles county, MJ. : 44 m. S. W. Annapolis. Paktbldgk Islan'p, p. 0., Delaware co., Al Y.: 92 m. 8. W. by. W. Albany. Pascagoula. p. v., Jackson co., Mi-ss. : at the mouth of Paseagoula r., 155 m. S. E. by S. Jackson. PAfiCAG0ci.A river. Miss.: formed by tho junction of Chickasawha and Leaf rivers, and flows S. by E. about CO m. into Pascagoula Sound of Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable for vessel'! drawing 6 feet water. PASOAtiiit-'LA sound, J//.v«.; uir the mouth of Pascagoula C46 r., separated from the Gulf of Mexico by several long, nar- row islands. 55 m. long, and 8 m. in avernge brearlth. Pasoo, p. o., Dallas co., J/o. : 79 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Pascoao, p. v., Providence co., J^. I. : on Pascoag r., a S. affluent of Branch r., 19 m. N. W. by W. Providence. It contains a bank, and several factories and mills. Pashaavn, p. 0., La Grange co., Itid. : on the E. side of Little Elkhart r., 131 m.N. by E. Indianapolis. Paskack, p. o., Bergen co., IT. Jer. : on the "W. side of Paskack r., a W. branch of the Hackensack, 65 miles N. E. by N. Trenton. Pasquotank county, AC Car. Situate N. E.. and contains 241 sq. m. Drained by small streams of Pasquotank r. Surface level, a portion of it being low and marshy, and unfit for cultivation ; soil variou.s, owing to the divursily of the surface ; where fit for cultivation, it is fertile and adapted to grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian com. Farms 530; manuf. 11; dwell. 1,150, and pop.— wh. 4,611, fr. col. 1,234, si. 3,105— total S,950. Capitul : Elizabeth City. PASQroTANK rivcr, NI Car. : rises in the Dismal Swamp, flows S. E., and with broad estuary enters Albemarle Soun vision ; a philosophical society for young men, which has a respectable library, and a mechanics' society, for the ad- vancement of science and the mechanic arts, with a library, philosojdiical apparatus, etc., have been establi.*hed for many years. There are also night-schools, at which the mechanics whose daily occupations deljar them the ordinary advantages of education, are instructed in the usual branch- es. The public press of the city consists of the " P. Guard- ian'' (dein.) and the " P. Intelligencer" (whig), each of which circulates from SOO to 1,000 copies weekly. Paterson was founded by an association, incorporated in 1791, for (ho purpose of fostering manufactures, and is said to have been projected by Alexander Hamilton, at that time U. 8. Secretary of State. The year preceding this ilate saw machine cotton spinning first established in New England —the factory of Samuel Slater having been established at Pawlucket, Ji. /., in 1790. The plans of this company, which had a capital of $1,000,000, failed of success, and tiie enterprise, fur which the times were not sufficiently ad- vanced, was abandoned. In after yenrs, however, the pro- ject was revived, and the design of the original association carried out by others. The city of Paterson is the great monument of the success that crowned and rewarded their persistent labors. The population in ISIO was 292; in 1320, 1,57S, and in 1830, 7,7:11. In 1S40 it was only 7,596, but in ISoO it had in- creased to n,33S — the increase in the decade having been at the rate of 4U.26 per centum. In the vicinity of Paterson, and on the opposite side of the Passaic, is New Manchester, which, though under a se- parate organization, is to all intents and purposes a part of the city, having the same interests and being connected with it by two bridges. It contains numerous factories and mills, and is a highly flourishing place. The population of the town of Manchester in 1S50 was 2,781, Goflle, Oldham, and Totowa, are villages in the same town. Patoka, p. V. and sta., Gibson co., I>td. : on the N. side of Patoka cr.. 117 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is on the Evansville anil Illinois R. R., 30 m. N. of EvausviUe, and contains several stores and mills. Patoka river, Itu?. : rises in S. part of Orange co., flows AV., and emi»ties iufv) the Wabash just below the raoulh of White r. It is about 100 m. long, 150 feet wide, and navi- gable in high water over 60 miles, Paton, p. o.. Cape Girardeau co., 3fo.: on Whitewater cr., 142 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City, Patrick county, Virg. Situate S., and contains 506 sq. m. I>rained l.iy branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil moderately fert'dc- Ohief products, Indian corn and tobacco. On the N. W. runs tlic Blue Ridge. Farms 74S ; niiinuf. 27 ; dwell. 1,24S, and pop.— wh. 7,197, fr. col. SS, si. 2,324— total 9,609. Capi- tal: Patrick C. II. Patrick C. II., p. v., and cap. Patrick county, Virg.: on South Mayo r., a branch of the Dan, 163 m. W. S. W. Rich- mond. It contains a court-house and jail, a flouring-mill, several tobacco factories, and about 500 inhabitants. The v. is also called Taylorsvillo. pATRioKTowN, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 15 m. E. Augusta. The W. is occupied by a large pond, the source of Siieepscot r. Surface varied; soil very productive, and well wooded. Pop. 552. Patiuot, p. v., Switzerland co., Trul. : on the Ohio, 92 m. S. K. IiKiiariapolis. It is 49 m. below Cincinnati, has a con- venient landing, and contains about fiOO inhabitants. Patkiot, p. v., Gallia county, Ohio: on the E. side of Symmcs cr., 86 m. S. S. E, Columbus It contains several stores and about 400 inhabitants. PAT PAW Fatten, t and p. o., Peuobscol uo., Jle. : 135 m. N. N. K. Augusta. Pop. 470. Patten's Home, p. o., liutherford co., M Car. : 191 m. W. by S. HaleigU. Patten '6 Mills, p. o., Washington county, 2f. Y. ; 47 m. N. by E. Albany. Patterson, t. and p. v., Putnam co., JV. Y. : 88 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Croton r. t^urfact; broken ; soil fertilR in tbe valleys, and under high cultivation. The Harlem K. K. crosses it, and P. sta. is 80 m. N. of New York. The V. is on irotun r., and contains an academy and several stores. Pop. ol' U 1,371. Patterson, p. o., Wayne county. Mo. : 137 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Pattei'.son, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio: on the W. side of Scioto r., 2S m. N. by W. Columbus. Paitekson, sta., Wyandot co., Ohio : 34 m. N. of Bella- fontaine, on the Mad liiver and Lake Erie R. K. Patterson's Bluff, p. o., Johnson (lo.^Ark. : on the right bank of Arkansas r., at the mouth of Mountain cr., 86 m, N. W. by W. Little Kock. Patterson's Dep6t. p. v. and sta., Hampshire co., Virg. : on the S. side of Potomac r., 8 m. E. of (.'unibcrlaud by the liallimore and Ohio K. K., 152 m. N. W. by N. liiehmond. Patterson's Mills, p. o., Washington co., P&tm. : IGS m. W. Harrisbiirg. Patterson's Stoee, p. o., Allamance co., 2^. Car. : 49 m. W.N.W.' Raleigh. PATTEReoNviLLE, p. V., Si. Marv's par., La. : on Bayou Tech6, 49 m. S. by W. Baton Rouge. Great quantities of cotton and eugar are produced in the vicinity, and sent down the r. from this point. Pattillos, p. o., Jefferson co., Teen. : near Cow bayou of tbe Sabine, 229 ra. E. by S. Austin City. Pattonsburg, p. v., Davies co., Mo. : on Big cr., about 5 m. N. of Grand r., 143 ra. N. W. Jefferson City. Pattonsburg, p. v., Botetourt co., M.ig. : on the N. side of James r., 122 m. W. Richmond. A bridge coimeels it with the V. of Buchanan on the S. side, and the two contain a dozen stores, several mills and tobacco factories, and about 600 inhabitants. Pattonsville, p. v., Scott CO., Tirg. : 2S7 m. W. by S. Richmond. Pattonsville. p. v., Hocking co., Ohio: on the Hocking Canal, E. side of Hocking r., 43 m. S. E. Columbus. It is 22 m. by canal N. W. Athens. Pattonville, p. v., Bedford co., Pemi. : S2 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Patuxent, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the E. side of Patuxent r., 19 m, N. W. Annapolis. PATtTif:NT river, Md. : the longest r. in the State, rises in the N. part of Montgomery and Howard counties; flows S. E. 40 m., then, bending to the S., flows 50 m. in that di- rection, nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, which it enters by a large estuary. It is navigable to Nolliugliara, 50 m., for vessels of 250 tons, and further for smaller vessels. Pai'lding county, Ga^ Situate W. toward the N., and contains 66;} sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- poosa r. and branches of Etowah r. Surface varied— in the N. being hilly, the remainder level land ; soil fertile. Chief productions, cotton, Indian com, and fruit. It has some ttne timber land. Farms 422 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,059. and pop.— wh. 5,5G0, fr. col. 2, si. 1,477— loUl 7,039. CupiUil : Van WerL PAULDirw county, Ohio. Situate W. toward the N., and contains 436 sq. m. Drained by Maumee r. and Auglaize r. and its branches Crooked and Blue creeks. Surface level ; soil very productive, and is well adapted to grain. Farms 77; manuf."4; dwell. 307, and pop. — wh. 1,7(>5, fr. col. 1— total 1,760. Oipit50, 3,753. Pawtucket, p. v. and sta., Providence county, 7?. / ; on Pawtucket r., 4 m. N. Providence, on Worcester and Prov- idence R. K, This large and flourlsliing v. is located on b'tth sides of tht^ r., which here furnishes great water-power. The first mannfaeturc of cotton goods in this couniry by water-power machinery was commenced litre in 1790, by Mr. Samut;! Slater, an Englishman. The present factories are for the most part engaged in making cotton goi>ds. There are 7 churches, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, etc. Tho PAW PEE "Giizelte and Chronicle" (miscel.) is issued weekly. Pop. 7,000. Pawtcxket, river, li. I. : This important river abovt- Pawtucket v., in Mjiss., is called Blackstonc r. (wliit^h see), and below the fulls lakes the name of Seehonk r. At the v. it has a deseent of 50 feet, affording great water-water. Below the falls it is navigable 4 m. to its entrance into rro\idence r. below Providence. Pawtuxet, p. v., Kent co., 7?. /. .■ on Pawtuxet r., near its mouth, 3 m. S. Providence. The harbor is spacious, safe, and convenient The v. is upon both sides of the r. and crossed by a bridge. The great water-power here afforded is improved by extensive factories of cotton and woollen goods, grist-mills, etc. Pop. about 1,500. Pawtuxet, p. c, Wakulla co., Fhr. : 23 m. S. by W. Tallahassee. Pawtdxet, river. li. L : rises in W. part of Providence co., flows E. S. E. until it receives its principal branch in War- wich t. ; thence E. N. E., and enters Providence bay 3 m. below Providence. It affords great water-power, used by numerous factories, particularly tbosc of cotton goods. Pa.ivinos. t. and p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. Here are a furnace of 1,100 tons capacity, and a forge producing 250 tons of bloiims per annum, both using water-power. Soil fertile. It contains good farms and pastures, and is well wooded. Pop. 890. Paxton, t and p. v., 'Worcester county, Mass.: 47 m. W. Boston. Surface very high, dividing the streams of the Connecticut and the Merrimac, and much broken. Pay Dow.k, p. o., Osage co., Mo. Paynestili.e, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : about 6 m. W. of the Mississippi. 79 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. Payneville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 113 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Payson, p. v., Adams county, III. : about 6 m. E. of the Mississippi, 84 m. W. Springfield. Peace Dalk, p. v., Washington co., E. I. : 26 m. S. by W. Providence. pEAcnAM, t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm. : 21 m. E. by N. Montpelier. Onion r. rises in a pond in the W., and small streams afford water-power. Surface slightly uneven ; soil fertile. Limestone is found, and in the E. great quantities of marl. A superior farming t. The v. contain.s a large academy. Pop. l,o77. Peach Bottom. I. and p. v.. Yurk co., Penn.: on the S. line of the State, and W. side of Susquelianna r.,44 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Bounded N. by Muddy cr., by branches of which it is drained. Surface level; soil gravelly and generally fertile. The Rusquihanna or Tide-WaU^r Canal passes along the r., on which is the v. containing a factory and several stores and mills. Peach Bottom, p. o.. Grayson co., Ylrg.: on a W. branch of New r., 211 ni. W. S. W. Richmond. pEAca Ceeek, p. 0., Panola co., MUft. : 129 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pkacii Geove, p. 0., Fahfax county, Virg. : 93 ra. N. Kichniond. Peach Ouchakd, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 117 ra. E. Frankfort. pEAcn Teee. p. c, Cherokee co., K. Car. ; on the N. side of Hiwassee r.. 304 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Peach Treb Gkove, p. o., N:ish county, JV; Car.: 87 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Peake'.s, 8ta., Hanover co., Tlrg. : 15 m. N. of Richmond, on the Virginia Central R. R. Peaksville, p. v., Bedft>rd co., Mrg.: 9S m. W. by S. Richmond. Pealek's, p. o., Columbia county, Peiui. : 65 m. N. N. E. Harrisi)urg. Peapack. p. v., Somerset co., K. Jer. : on Peapack river, 85 m. N. by E. Tnnt.m. Pea Ridge, p. o., Union district, S. Car.: 65 m. N. W. Columbia. Pea RiitQE, p. o., Montgoinery county, Teun.: 34 m. W. N. W. Nashville. Pea Ridoe, p. o., Benton co., Ark. : 155 m. N. W. Little Rt.ck. Pea Ri-vek, p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : on the E. side of tho r. so callt:d, 59 m. S. E. Moutgooiery. pEAKL river, MtJis. : is formed from several branches near the centre of M/ss.^ runs S. W., until below Jackson it bends, and thence flows S. by E. to the Gulf ot Mexico. From lat, Sl'^ N. it forms the divitiing line b(.-tween Alii. and /-(/. The navigation is obstructed by sand-bars, shal- lows, etc., but admits small vessels to Jackson. For statis- tics of Pearl river collection district, see Siueldsduko', its port of entry. Pearlington, p. 0., Hancock co., Mi-ss. : on Pearl river, about 10 m. above its month, 141 m. S. by E. Jackson. Peael Valley, p. n., Neshoba co., Mi^m. : about 3 m. N. of Pearl r., 09 m. N. E. by E. Jackson. Pea Vine, p. o., Walker county, Oa.: ISl ni. N. W. Milledgeville. Pecan Gkove, p. o., Carroll par., La. : 145 m. N. Eaton Rouge. Pecan Point, p. o., Mississippi co., Ark. : on the Missis- sippi, 141 in. E. N. E. Little liock. Peoiv's Run, p. o., Barbour co., Virg. ; 109 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. Pecksvillr, J). v., Duchess co., 2^. T. : 79 m. S. Albany. Peoonic bays, -V. Y.: lie at the E. end of Long Island, dividing it into two peninsulas. Great Peconic bay is sepa- rated from Gardiner's bay cm Its E. by Shelter island, arul is a large body of water, 14 m. long by 4 to 5 m. wide. It is separated from Souihold harbor by Litile Hog Neck, and cuntaiits Kobbins' island, E. of its centre. Little Pet'onic bay is its more western portion, extending inland 4 or 5 ni., and receives from that Peconic r., which is navigable for sloops to Riverhead. ^ Pecos river, .y. M^j". : the main N. tributary of the Rio Grande; rises in the table-lands E. of Santa F6, and flows in a S. S. E. course through the valUy between tho Guada- loupe Mountains and Sierra Blanca 500 m., lo its conlluence with the Rio Grande. Pedeg, p. v.. Cedar co., la. : 17 m. E. Iowa City. Pedee rivers. Great and Little, jS'. Car.: Great Pedee r. rises in the N. W. part of ^V. C. 0., Harrison co., Virg. ; 201 m. N. \V. by W. Richmond. 649 PEE PEN Peeey's Store, p. o., Tazewell co., Vlrg. ; 241 m. "W. by S. Eieliinotul. Peikceville, p. v., Dane county, Wise. : 13 m. E. N. E. Madison. Pek ATONiCA river, Wise, and III. : rises in Iowa co.,'Wi3C., and flows S. and E. into lloclc r., in 111., 6 m. below its N. boundary. Near its mouth it receives tVom the N. Sugar er., a considerable branch. It la navigable for fiatboata to Min- eral Point, Wise. Pekin, p. v., Tazewell co.. III. : on the left bank of the IHinois, 54 m. N, Springfleld. It is 1S2 ra. from the mouth of the r., and largely engaged in shipping the agricultural products of an exlt^nsive and ft-rlile di,^Irict for the K. and S. markets. Though commerce is the leading interest, its man- ufactures are rapidly increasing, and must soon be of great importance. It contains an academy, several steam flouring and saw mills, about 40 stores and warehouses, and 2,500 inhat>itauts. Two weekly newspapers, the '' Tazewell Mirror" (whig), and "Illinois Reveille"' (dem.), are published here. Pekin, p. V. and sta., Niagara co., TV. Y. : on the Roches- ter, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. R., 10 m. W. of Lock- port, 259 m. W. by N. Albany. Pekin, p. o.. Jessamine co., Sy. : 26 m. S. E. Frankfort Pekin, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: on Sandy or. and the San- dusky and Beaver Canal, 107 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pekin, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn.: 57 m. E. Nashville. pKKis, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Ind. : on Lick cr. of Great Blue r., 81 m. S. Indianapolis. It is 24 m. N. of New Albany, on the New Albany and Salem E. R. Peuiam, t, and p. o., Westchester co., i^ Y. : on Long Island Sound, 121 m. S. Albany. Drained by Eastehester cr., flowing into Eastehester bay. Surface mostly level; soil sandy, but well tilled. The New York and New Haven 11. R. crosses the N. parL Pop. 577. Pelilam, t, and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass: 73 m. W. of Boston. Drained by Swift and Fort rivers, which furnish mill-sites. Surface high and uneven ; soil of average qual- ity. Asbestos is found, and springs containing iron and sul- phur. Building stone is abundant. Pop. of t. 9S.3. Pelham, t. and p. o., Hillsboro' county, 2^. Harnp. : 8S m. 8. S. E. Concord. Drained by Beaver r., an affluent of the Merrimac Surface broken; soil fL-rlile on the streams. Farming and grazing are the chief occupations. Population of 1. 1,071. Pelham, p. o., Grundy co., Tenn. : 76 m. S. E. Nashville. Pella, p. v., Marion co.. In. : on a fine upland, equi-dis- tant from the Dcs Moines and Skunk rivers, 72 m. W'. by S. Iowa City. A colony of Hollanders, under President Schaulter. has settled here, Peltontille, p. v., Steuben co., JV; 3'.* about 2 m. W. of Crooked lake, 181 m. W. Albany. Pemadttmcook lake, Me. : lying hi the E. part of Piscata- quis CO., is a large body of wafer, of irregular shape, sur- rounded by some of the best timber-land in the State, and affords excellent transportation for the lumber, etc. Pemacjitd, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : near the Atlantic coast, 80 m. S. S. E. Augusta. Pembeuton, t and p. v., Burlington co., iV". Jer.: 17 m. S. S. E. Trenton. Drained by braiu-ht-s of Rancocus cr., which furnish water-power. Surface mostly level; soil saudy loam of good quality. The v. is on the N. branch of the cr., and contains a furnace, cotton factory, several mills and stores, and about SOO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,S66. pE.yuKRT0N, p. v., Goochland co., Virff. : 27 m. W. N.W. Richmond. Pembina county, Minn. Ter. Situate N., and contains 45.000 sq. m. This large county lies between lat. 47° and 490, and extends from the Missouri and White Earth rivers on thci W. to the Mississippi, which in part forms its E. bonnrlary. The sources of the Mississippi occupy the E. section of the cnvuity. and consist of a series of lakes, large and small, which arc spread over thousands of square miles. Westward of this is tha height of land dividing the waters CoO of the Mississippi flowing S. from those of the Red r. of tho N., the latter of which passes through the county firom the S., and falls into Lake Winnipeg above the national bound- ary. The extreme W. is drained by numerous affluents of the Missouri. Little is known of this far northern region, except of the immediate banks of the Red River, where, at Pembina, are located the followers of Lord Selkirk. The county is well wooded, and the soils, where settlement has been made, are found to be very fertile, but the short sum- mers and long winters must eve/ prevent the dense popula- tion of the country, so long as there is room to spare in the milder climates and fine lauds of the more genial South. Farms 17; manuf. 0; dwell. ISS, and pop.— wh. 1,134, fr.col. 0— total 1,134. Capital: Pembina. Pembina, p. v., and cap. Pembina co., Minn. Ter.: on E. bank of Red r. of the N., at the N. boundary line of tho State, 334 m. N. N. W. St Paul. This settlement contains upward of 1,000 population, principally persons of mixed Indian and white blood, who subsist chiefly by agriculture and hunting. There is a Catholic church in which to ac- commodate the varied population ; sermons are preached in English, French, and Chippeway. Pelmbeokk, t. and p. c, Christian co., Ky. : 166 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort. Pembeoke. t and p. v., Washington co., Me. : on the N. side Cobscook bay, 136 miles E. by N. Augusta. Surface varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. The coasting-trade and flsheries are leading interests. Pop. of 1. 1,712. Pembeoke, t and p. v., Plymouth county, Masft.: 24 m. S. S. E. Boston. Drained by branches of North r., whi'-h alTord good power. The r. is deep, and navigable int" the t., and ship-building is carried on extensively along its course. In the S. are several ponds. Cotton goods, iron eastings, cabinet-ware, etc., are manufactured. The v. con- tains an academy. Pop. of 1. 1,3*3. Pemheoke, U and p. v., Merrimac co., iV. Uamp. : 1 m. S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by the Merrimac, and S. by the Suncook, which supply water-power. Surface pleas- antly diversified; soils various, mostly fertile, and on the rivers very rich. The Portsmouth and Concord R. R. passes along the Merrimac. The v. extends about 8. m. parallel to that r., and contains a large and flourishing academy. Pop. of L 1,732. PuMBROKE, t. and p. v., Genesee county, N. Y. : 22S m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Tonawanda cr., whieh has several falls. Surface even or undulating ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of wheat. The Canandaigua and Ni- agara Falls R. R. and Buffalo and Rochester R. R. cross the t ; on the latter is P. sta., 11 m. W^. of Batavia. The v. on the creek contains a furnace and several mills. Population of t. 2,279. Pembroke, p. c, Giles county, Virg.: 163 m. W. by S. Richmond. Pemigewassett river, N. JTamp. : the principal constitu- ent stream of Merrimac r., rises in the White Mountains E. of Franconia, and flows in general 9. course to its junc- tion in Franklin t. with Winnipiseogee r., there forming tho Merrimac river. Pemiscot county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains about 3110 sq. m. Drained by White Water r. and its branches in the N. W. portion. Surface low and level ; a large portion is swampy, and unfit for cultivation; soil is fertile where cultivated, and adapted to grain. It produces abundanlly wheat, corn, fruits, etc., and has .some good timber land. It contains some minerals and good coul-beds. In the S. W. is Lake Pemiscot, occupying a large portion of the co, Tho Missi.'Jsippi bounds it on the E. A new county since 1S50. CapiUil: Little Prairie. PENATAQriT. p. o., Sufflilk CO., N. Y. Pencader, hund., New Castle co.. Del.: on the W. lino of the State, and contains 2£>,250 acres. Surface elevated and uneven: soil clayey, in parts marshy, find moderately productive. The Philailelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore PEN PEN E. R., the New CasUe and Frenchtown R. E., and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal pass tlirouijh it. Pemdabvis' Stohe, p. o., Wayne co., Ga.: 145 m. S. E. by S. Milledgeville. rENDLEi-oN county, Ey. Situate N., and contains 2S6 sq. m. Drained by Licking r. and il3 branches. Grassy, Kincaid's. anil Fort Lick creeks. Surface generally level, but in the N. E. rather hilly, and presenting high bluffs to the r. shore; soil fertile and productive, and there is some good grazing land. Staples, Indian corn and tobacco. Farms 606; mannf. 7; dwell. l,(i.'>7. and pop.— wh. 6,'2;30, fr. col. 35,81.509— total 6,7"4. Capital: Falmouth. Ptihlic Wvrkii: Coviugiou and Lexington R. K. ; Covington and Maysvillo R. R. Pendleton county, n';-^. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 612 sq. m. Drained byS. branch of Putuniac r., which traverses its central portiun. Surface mountainous and rough, the co. being an elevated table-land lying between two ridges of the Alleghany Mountains; soil barren in gen- eral. Chief production, Indian com. Farms 693 ; manuf. 56; dwell. 891. and pop.— wU. 5,-t43, fr. col. 30, si. 323— total 5,775. Capital: Franklin. Penplkton. p. V. and sta., Madison co,, Ind. : on Fall cr., 25 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It ia 2S m. from Indianap- olis by the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine K. K., and has good water-power on the cr. It contains several stores and mills, and 600 or SOO inhabitants. There are quarries of limestone and marble near it. Pendleton, t. and p. v., Niagara connty, N. T. : 252 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by affluents of Tonawanda cr., its S. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil fertile calcareous loam. It contains a noted sulphur spring. The Canan- daigua and Niagara Falls R. R. crosses the S. part Tlie Erie Canal also passes through it, on which is the v., 7 m. I S. W. of Lockport, 24 m. N. E. of Buffalo. Pop. of t. 2,166. Pendleton, p. o., Putnam county, Ohio: 95 m. N. W". Columbus. Pendleton, p. v., Anderson dist., S, Car.: on Eigldcen Mde cr., an atlluent of Savannah r., 121 m. W. N. W. Columbia. It contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and about 7"0 inhabitants. The "P. Messenger."' a weekly is- sue, is published. The proposed route of the Rabun Gap K. K. passes through it Pendleton river, Ga.: rises in Lawrence county and flows 8. E. into Tatnall county, there joining the Great Ohoopee r. Pendleton Centke, p. v., Niagara CO., JV. Y. : 254 m. TT. by N. Albany. Pendleton Hill, p. 0., New Loudon co., Conn. : 26 m. B. E. Hartford. Penfield, p. v., Greene co., Ga.: 41 m. N. Milledgeville. It has a pleasant location, is well laid out and neatly built, and the seat of a college and theological seminary under the direction of the Baptists. Mercer University was found- ed in IS-'iS, and in 1S50 had 7 instructors, 32 alumni (of whom 10 were ministers), 71 students, and a library of 3.400 volumes. Mercer Theological Seminar}-, founded in 1S44, had in 1S50. 2 professors, 6 student*. 8 graduates, and 2,200 volumes in its library. Pop. about SOO. Penfield, p. v., Kane co.. III. : on the right bank of Fox r., at the entrance of Big Rock cr., 142 ul N. N. E. Springfield. Penfield, t. and p. v., Monroe county, JV. }'.: 1^7 m. \V. by N. Albany. l>rained by Irondequoil cr., empiviiii: into Irondequriit bay. its W. boundary, f-iirfai'e undnlalimr? soil loam, mixed with sand, gravel. <»r clay. Liuie^inne L^ plenty, and wheat the chief product, Tlie v. is on ilu- creek, and contains an academy, several faciorieji, and flouring and other mills, and a population of bOU. Popula- tion of t. 3.1S5. Penfield, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio: 94 m. N. N. E. -■ Columbus. Drained by E. branch of Black r. Pop. 672. Peninsitla, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r. and the Ohio Canal, 24 m. S. Cleveland, 113 m. N. E. Ci'luuibus. Pexn DiSTKiCT, t, Philadelphia co., Penn. iS''-e Puila- DELPHI A. Rennet's, p. o., Randolph co., Mo,: 65 m, N. by W. Jefferson City. Pennfield, p. o., Davidson co.. A'. Car. : 93 m. W. lial'igli. Pennfeeld, t. and p. o.. Calhoun co., Jlich. : 41 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Battle cr.. a N. branch of the Kala- mazoo, on which are numerous water iirivih-tres. Surface rolling ; soil very productive of grain. Pop. 598. Pennington, p. v., Mercer co., J^. Jer. : S ni. N. by W. Trenton. It contains an academy and 8 or 10 stttres. Penningtonville. p. V. and sta.. Chester co,, Pi'iin. : on the Columbia and Phila9t important Suites of the Union, lies in the form of a parallel. )gram, between 30^ 43' (Mason and Dixon's line) and 42^ latitudes N., and extends from 74^^ 40' to 80O 36' longitudes "W. from Greenwich, or 2^^' 22' E. and 3=^ 35' \V. fromW'jwh- ington. It is l>ounded on the north by Lake Erie and the State of New Vork ; on the ea.st by New Jersey, from which the Delaware River separates it; on the south by Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; and on the w^est by Virginia and Ohio. AVilh a length from east to west of 315 miles, anted by the Schuylkill at Eeading. by the Susquehanna below Hurrisburg, and passes out of the State between Adams and Kr.inklin counties. The elevation of the former ridge nowhere exceeds 1,000 feet, and that of the latter is somewhat more elevated. S. The Blue Mountain, or Killiitinny, also enters this State from New Jersey, and is broken by the Delaware at Water Gap, fiiriher west by a pass called the Wind Gap, by the U-hlgh, by the Schuylkill above llarrisburg, and by the Suf-que- hanna five miles above llarrisburg. It then passes between Franklin and Bedford counties into Maryland. Its eleva- tion in Penrisylvatiia varies from SOO to 1,500 feet above the sea level. Between the KilluLinny Mountain and the north branch of the Susquehanna Kiver, a distance of about 35 miles, is the great anthracite coal region. 4. The Broad Mountain, which lies in the intervening space between the Kittatinny Mountain and Susquehanna, forms a less continuous but more elevated chaia than the last mentioned. It is continued south-west ol" the Susquehr^niia by the Tuscarora Mountains, which are pierced by the Jimiata between Mifflin and Perry counties, and passes into Maryland a little west of the Kittatiimy chain. 5. Sideling Hill forms a well-defined ridge from the Maryland line to the Juniata, on the south-west comer of Mifflin County. G. The next well-defined chain is the Alleghany Mountain, which forms the dividing ridgo between the Atlantic basin and the Valley of the Ohio. It is therefore the height of land between those two basins, altlionyh its summits do not rise to so great an elevation above its base as do those of Broad Mountain above the base of that cl!:;in. The Alleghany rises in Bradford County, is pitTced by the north branch of the Susquehanna below Towanda, traverses Lycoming County, where it crosses the west branch of the Susquehanna, aud pursuing a southerly course, separates Huntingdon and Bed- ford from Cambria and Somerset counties. Westward of the Alleghany chain, and on the Ohio table-land, two well-defined chains cross the State from north to south, in a direction nearly parallel to that of the first-mt-ntioned, under the names of (T) the Laurel Ilidge, about tweuly- flve miles west of the Alleghanies; and (S) Chesnut Kidge, ten miles farther west. Neither of these chains is very ele- vated. Though in some places rude and rocky, many of these mountain ranges consist of gradually rising swells, cultivated to the summits, and the whole mountain region is interspersed with highly beautiful and productive valleys, some of which are of considerable extent and under an excellent system of cultivation. The eastern aud western parts of the State are generally level, oragi'eenbly diversified with hills and vales. Every part of Pennsylvania is well watered, and abounds in rivers, streams, rivulets, and brooks ; but some of the rivers are so much obstructed that they serve rather as canal feeders than as navigable channels. The Delaware, that rises in the Kaatskill Mountains in New York, and bathes the e.i3!em border, may yet be consid- ered as belonging lo Pennsylvania, from which it receives its principal tributaries. Pursuing a southerly course, aiid piercing the Kittatinny and Blue lUdge, the Delaware mt^elsthe tide 130 miles from the sia at Trenton, to which place it is accessible for sloops ; at and above that point the navigation is impeded by a fall aud shoals. Large ships ascend to Philadelphia, about -iO miles below which it expands into a broad bay. Its whole course is about 320 miles in length. The numerous canals connected with various points of the coal region, and uniting its waters with those of the Hudson, the Earitan, and Chesapeake, have greatly increased its importance as a channel of trade. Its principal tributaries in Penn-^ylvania are the Lackawaxen, the Lehigh, and the Schuylkill, which rise in the anthracite region. The Schuylkill has a course of about 130 miles, and is navigable for vessels of above 300 tons to Philadelphia, six miles below which it falls into the Delaware. The Susquehanna is the principal river of Pennsylvania in point of size, but it is so much broken in its course by rapids and bars as to afford little advantage to navigation without artificial aid. It rises in Otsego Lake, in the State of New York, and flowing in a circuitous but general southerly direction, nearly parallel with the Delaware, it reaches tlie Chesapeake 400 miles IVom its source. Us prineipal tributaries are all from the right— thv-y are the Unadilla and Che- nangi^, in New York : and the Tioga or Chemung, the West Branch, and Ihe Juniata, in I'ennsylvania. The must con- siderable from the west are the Lackawannock, Swatara, and Contstoga. The ehimnels of the Susquehanna are so winding and broken that even the descending navigation is extremely diiBcult and dangerous, and praclicattle only at certain seasons in particular stages of the waters, and its tributaries partake of the same eliaracter. The Juniata rises In the Alleghany ridge, but the West Branch rises in numerous streams from the Laurel UiU, and pierces tiie Alleghany above Dunslown. The great rivers of Western Pennsylvania are tributirics, or, rather, constituents of the Ohio. The Alleghany, rising in the north-western slope of the same range, with some of the remote sources of the West Branch, flows first north into New York, aud then south to its junction with the Monongahela. It is navigable to Glean, in New York. 240 miles from its mouth, arui to Waterford, on French Creek, its principal tributary, 14 miles from Lake Erie. The Kiskimenitas, or Conemaugh, the prineipal tributary to the east, rises in the western tieclivity of the Alleghany Mountains, near the head waters of the Juniata, and pierces the Laurel and Chestnut ridges. The other constituent branch of the Ohio is the Mo- noncahela. which descends from the Alleghany range in Virginia, and before iLs junction with the Alle:;hany receives the Youffliiogeny, a large stream from Maryland. Both of these rivers afford boat navigation for a considerable distance. The Big Beaver is the only large tributary of the Ohio within this State, aud is navigable for some tiisianoe above tho falls near its mouth. After the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela, the Ohio has a short part of its course t primary in the series up to the highest rocks con- taining the anthracite and bituminous coal. The rocks which contain these stratifications are the highest in the regular ascending order found in Ihe State. If rocks of a more recent formation than the coal are found anvwTiere in the Slate, 652 PENNSYLVANIA. their area is of a very limited character, and they must, in all proljabilit;-, have been deposited since the formation of that va&t system of lower secondary strata which occupies so large a portion of tlie territor\*. In traveling lhr'>ugh Hiis Slate, the attention of the most casual observer can not fail to be attracted by the course or range of the various groups and bt'ds of rocks, which run in nearly a north-east and south-west direction, in many places forming a curvature of oondider;il)Ie magnitude, and at the same time corresponding with the mountain ri'Iges which traverse the State. The poaiiion of these strata is not in all places the some, their inclination or dip verging in every degree of slope, from horiznnial to perpendicular. The roclcs of the secondary series, being sedimentary, present a beautiful stratified appearance, and, as a matter of course, are composed of a successioa of water deposits, indicating to us that they must have originally lain in a h'Tizuntal position. The different rock belonging to the primary stratified class chiefly consist of gneiss, mica, slate, talc-slnle, and their subordinate varieties. These occupy the south-eastern portion of Pennsylvania, including a part of Cln-sier, Lan- caster, York, Montgomery, Bucks, and Delaware, and the whole of Philadelphia County. There are, lin^evL-r, un^riraii- ficd rocks of a cryatalliue structure, comprising granite, sienite, etc., discovered in small local and irregular veins, geiie- rally in the southernmost portion of the primary range. This range of rocks exlends from Trenton, on the Driaware, downward to the very southern boundary of the State. It also runs westwardly to the south-eastern part ot Adams county. The crystalline limestone of Chester and Montgomery counties, which sometimes forms good marble, is found above this triangular belt as we proceed north; and in some places north of this limestone, gneiss, with talc and mica- Blale, have been discovered. Continuing northward, we come to the red sandstone formation, which stretches across the State from the Delaware above Trenton to the Marj-land hne. This formation exleniJs through Bucks, Dauphin, Chester, Montgomery, Bi-rks, Lancaster, York, and Adams counties. Some geologists have classed this group with the middle secondary period. Ce lliis, however, as it may, one thing is certain— it presents a remarkable uniformity with respect to its material and appe:]r:ince throughout its whole range. It is composed of dark, reddish brown, argillaceous sandstone, soft, crumbling, red and bnnvn ehales. with now and then bands of conglomerate. The dip of the strata is almost invariably to the northward, descending at an angle of from 12 to 25 degrees. The conglomerates which this group contains are principally disco\ereund on the Delaware, below Easton, north of the middle secondary sandstone. This irregular range is generally called the South Mountain, and though frequently interrupted, is nearly continuous across the State. Continuing south-west along this ridge, Llie jinmary rocks disappear as we approach the Schuylkill, and altiiough they are seen occasionally west of that even, they arc inva- riably covered throughout the remainder of the range by overlying rocks of the secondary series. Tho mineral wealth of Pennsylvania consists chiefly in its vast deposits of coal and iron. The coal is of two distinct varieties, viz., anthracite, anasphaltic or non-bituminous, and bituminous. The anthracite of Pennsylvania is found in the Wyoming and Lackawanna valleys, situated between the Blue Ridge and the Susquehaima. The coal district is chiefly occupied by mountains which run parallel to the Blue Kidge, and are 1,500 feet high. But little of this surface, with the exception of a few narrow valleys, invites cultivatiim. These mount- ains are chiefly in a wild state, and offer a secure retreat to cougars, wolves, bears, and other animals. Tho rocks of the above described region are of a transition class, and present little diversity. Graywacke slate occurs in abundance, loose on the surface and in ledges. It is sometimes based on old red sandstone, and surniountf il by un- stratifled rocks, an aggregate of quartz, pebbles of various dimensions, with a cement usually silicious. In llie Bluo Ridge, in addition, a silicious graywacke, resembling flne-grained granular quartz, is common. It appears in some places massive, but is often slaty. Its cement is chiefly silicious; some alumine, however, is indicated in its conipo.siiion. Tho beds and veins of anthracite range from north-east to soulh-wcst, and may often be traced for a considerable distance by the compass. The veins have the inclination of the adjacent strata of graywacke, with which they are often alternate, usually between 20° to 45"^. In a few places they are horizontal and vertical. The beds and veins of anthracite have narrow strata, of dark colored, fine grained, argillaceous schist for the roof ancl floor. This slate generally contains sul- phuret of iron, and disintegrates on exposure to the atmosphere. The sulphates of iron and alumine are 6flen observe Schuylkill and Swalara about lu 668 PENNSYLVANIA. miles north-west of the Blue Kidge, ami it abounds contiguous to the Susquehanna and Lackawanna. But id no part of the district does anthracite occur in such apparenlly inexhaustible beds, or is so abundantly raised, as in the vicinity of Mauoh Chunk, a village situated on the Lehigh, 35 miles from Easton, and lOS miles by water from Philadelphia. The coal is there excavated on the flat summit of a mountain that rises nearly 1,500 feet above the ocean. It is of good quality, and presents beds of unparalleled extent, is disclosed for several miles on Iho summit, and is indicated in many places by a coal slate in a pulveruletit state on the surface. The mountain rises with a steep acclivity, particularly on the north-west side, and when penetrated at various altitudes, discloses coal at about the same distance fi-om the surface. Strata of graywacke slate, containing mica, sometimes rest on the coal, parallel with the mountain side. In the deep ex- cavations made on the summit no t».'rminaiion of the coal bed has been found, and it is not improbable that the anthracite furnu the nucleus of the mountain for a considerable distance. This coal mountain range is described aa extending in a south-west drrecUoo to the Susquehanna. To the north-east, beyond the Lehigh, it is connected with the Broad Mountain, the first considerable elevation west of the Blue Kidge. The Lehigh, from Mauch Chunk to the Water Gap, 11 miles, winds between rocky mountains, with a brisk current, but presents no falls. In its passage through the Kittatinny the river i*aa a tranquil but slightly inclined course. On the adjacent elevation yellow pine, hemlock, and spruce are intersperi»^d with deciduous trees. From the Water Gap to the Delaware the river pursues its course in a deep ravine, seldom with alluvial borders of much extent. In this district of country the soil generally re^ts on limestone sinks, indicating caves, and fissures in the rocks are often observed that must in some places render canaling difficult. From the coofluence of the Lehigh with the Delaware to tidewater the descent is 150 feet. Next to Mauch Chunk, Mount Carbon, or Pottsnill's aa it is now called, situated at the head of the Schuylkill Canal, has worked the principal anthracite coal fields. Many large veins are worked within three miles of the landing, and some have been opened seven miles to the north-^iasL, In tne direction of the Lehigh beds. On almost everj' eminence adja- cent to Potts\iile indications of coal are diaelosed. The veins generally run in a north-east direction, "wMh an inelinatioQ of about 45°, and are from 3 to 9 feet in thickness ; commencing at or near the surface they penetrate lo an unknown dejjth, and can often be traced on hills to a considerable distance by sounding in a north-east or south-west direction. Some veins have been wrought to the depth of 20O feet without the necessity of draining, the inclined slate roof sliielding them Irum water. The coal and slate are raised by horse-power, in wagons, by a railway that has ^le inclination of the vein. Table snowing the quantity of anthracite coal sent to market annually, from ita commencement in 1S'20 : ^eara. Total Lehigh. •cfe.j'Uiill. I.ittic SchuylkilL Total Schuylkill, Lackawanna. Pine Grove. Lvkens Valley. Shamokin. Wyoming. Total Supply tS20 365 _ _ _ _ _ — _ — 865 1821 1,073 — — — — — — — — 1,073 !S23 2,441 — — — — — — — — 2,411 >833 6,023 — — — — — — — — 5,(f28 1S24 • 9,541 — — — — — — — 9,541 1825 28,396 6.500 — 6,r>oo — — — — — 81,896 1S26 81.280 16,767 — 16,767 — — — — — 48,017 1827 83,074 81,360 — 81,360 _ — — — — 6:5,434 1S23 30,232 47,2St — 47,2,84 — — — — — 77,516 1829 25.110 79.972 — 79,972 7,000 — — — — 112,088 1830 41,750 69,984 — 89.984 42,700 — — — — 176.7-34 1831 40,966 61,854 _ 81,854 54,000 — — — — 170,320 1832 75.000 195.271 14,000 209.271 S4,.W0 — _ — — 363,771 1833 123.000 216,210 86.761 252,971 111,777 — _- — 437,743 1834 1116,244 ' 191,540 85,152 226,692 4:S,700 _ — — 376.6:56 1>:;5 131,2!-)0 802,024 87,494 839,518 98,346 6,500 _ — 575,103 1S36 146,522 893,975 88,070 432,046 104^00 9,978 5,4.39 — — 698,434 IM? 225,937 491,280 81,922 523,1,52 115,387 16,726 6,430 — — 837.632 1S38 214.211 421,569 12,306 43.3,s75 76.321 16.665 6.005 4,104 — 746.181 1839 222,042 83-3,927 8,249 442,176 122,300 19.227 6,372 11,930 — 82.3,479 1840 225,691 4.33.263 19,023 4.')2,29I 148,470 19,463 6,.302 15,923 — 867.046 1341 142,807 548,280 41,412 684,692 192,270 16,.306 6,176 22,1.54 — 964,255 1842 271,913 491,602 26,831 541.504 205,253 81.437 151 10,098 47,.346 1,107,7.33 1843 267,125 647,303 30,005 677,313 227,605 22.379 — 9,870 57.740 1,262.,M2 1841 376,303 782,070 63,.809 S40.R79 251,006 27,719 — 13,087 114,906 1,623.459 1845 430.993 1,008,901 76,122 1,085,023 266,072 31.208 — 10.1.35 173,401 2,002,877 184S 622,513 1,150,828 66,155 1,236,983 314,400 55,:M6 — 12,646 188,008 2,833,494 1847 64:5.568 1,407,499 105,315 1,572.844 883,200 61.2:33 — 14,904 289,893 2,970,597 1848 680,193 1.490,209 162,6'25 1,652.SIM 484.267 56.983 2,000 19..357 2-37.271 8,032,360 1849 800.987 1,428,156 174,757 1,605,626 454.240 73,299 25,000 19,15.53 258,080 8,241.890 1.850 722.688 1,500.047 211.960 1,712,007 543,886 62,809 36,000 19.921 275.109 3.371.420 1851 989,251 1,863,277 810,307 2,173,584 733,435 00,000 58,150 23,939 836,018 4,389,476* 1=53 — — — — — — — ■'— — 1S58 _ — — — — _ — — — — 1864 _ — — — — — — — — — lKi5 — — — — — — — — — 1856 — — — — — — — — — — 1857 — — — — — — — ■ — 1858 _ ■ _ _ — — — _ — — — 1859 — — _ — — — — — — — 1660 — — — — — — — — — — ' Incluiling 20,000 tooB from the [>HU}>liin mio PENNSYLVANIA. The western part of Pennsylvania is abundantly supplied with bituminous coal, as the eastern is with anthracite. It ia found in the rivers Conemaugh, Alleghany, and Monongahela, and in numerous placeson the west of the Alleghany ridge, which is generally its eastern boundary. It occurs on this mountain at a considerable elevation, and elsewhere in nearly a horizontal position, alternating with gray sandstone that is often micaceous, and bordered by jirgillaceous scliisL Tlie veins are generally narrow, rarely over six feet in width. This mineral is abundant, and of good quality, near IMiis- burg, where it is valuable for the extensive manufactures can-ied on in that place. Beds of bituminous coal are reported as occurring in Bedford County, in the North-west part of Luzerne, and in Bra'lford County. In the last-named cuiuiry, nine miles from the Susquehanna, there is an extensive bed of coal regarded as bituminous. It has been [n-nelrati'ti yil (wl without fathoming the depth of the strata. Bituminous coal occurs on the Tiuga, and on the Chemung, a branch of tliat river. It exists also on the numerous streams that descend the Western side of tlie extensive pc-nin^ula 5itu:iti.d Id-lwirn the north and west branches of the Susquehanna. The coal of Tioga is nothing inferior to the best Liverpncil ur Newcastle coal. According to the statistio^l tables of C. G. Childs, Pennsylvania contains an area of 46.ii00 square miles, of wIiIlIi upward of 15.000 square miles, or about one-third part of the State, is coal lands, principally Iwng nUnv or near ilie water level. England, Scotland, Wales, and Irelanuntaiiisadmilof cultivation to their s\mimit«, and the valleys between them are often of a rich soil, suited to the various kinds of gr.-iss and grain. West of the mountains the soil is a deep mold, equal in fertility to the best lan'ls of America. To the east the soil ia also excellent, and everywhere is the State abundantly watered by fine streams and rills of living water. The natural growths vary with locality and elevation, but do not differ in their charact^i-r from those of other portions of the middle Atlantic region. 1 ho trees most comnmn in the forests are beech, hemlock, and sugar maple, the oak. hickory, and elm, chestnut, mulberry and locusL The wild plum and crab apple grow in abundance, and grape-vines are ommon. Every description of 655 PENNSYLVANIA. fruit and garden vegetable is cultivated. "Wild animals*, as the cougar, wolf, etc., still haunt the uncultivated parts, Irat most of these have been extirpated by the onward march of civilization. Pennsylvania ia divided into 63 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Eabtebn Pennstlvania — 21 counties. Counties. Adams lierks Bucks Carbon Chester. Cumberland. Ciuphin Delaware . . . Franklin Lancaster Lebanon Dwell. 4,3S6. 12.9:n . 3,7.57. 2,644. 11,5S0. 6.021. . C,n33. I.IIS. 6,690. 17.1S3. 4,452. Pop. 25.981. 17,129. 66,091. 15,686. C6,43S. 84,827. 86,754. 24,679. 89,904. 9S,944. 26,071. Farma in cult. .1,902.. .4,730.. .4,707.. . ue.. .4,335. .1,542. .1,956. .1,376., .2,247. .5,629, ,1,449. Hnoiir. Kslab. 124. 1,2SG. 636. , 15S. ,1,086. , 25S. . 2,53. 299. . 4f«. .1,1-16, , 146. Capitals. .Gettysburg , Eeading .Doylestown .Mauch Chunk .Wcstoboster .Carlisle .Haep.isbueq . Cheater .Chambersburg .Lancaster , Lebanon Counties. Dwdll. Dwell. .22,551. . 6,052. . 4,564. Pop. ,1.38,290. , 29.560. 26,639. . 23,052, , 21,777. 42,831. 80,346. , 1T,773. , 23,365, , 23,565, , 12,6SG, , 11,207, . 17,710, , 87,849, , 8,631 . 38,742, . 39.112 . 7,567 . 22,130 , 24,786, . 27,170. Farms in cult. .8,729. .1,612, .1,341. ,1.875 .2,945. .1,039, ,1,043, .1,726, .2,817. . 6-38, .1,179, .4,070, . 254, ,8,834. ,2,139, . 631. ,1,789, .1,445, 1,496, ■Westekn Pesnsylv .1,290,, Pittsburg . 93,,KilIauing . 186,, Beaver . 117.. Bedford . 1.30..Holliday8b'g . 562..Towauda . 143.. Butler . 126..Eben8burg . 171..Bellefonto . 246.. Clarion . 122. Clearfield . 149..Lockhaven . 291. .Bloomsburg . 24S..Meadville . 50..Kidgeway . 2,55.. Erie . 282..TJniontown , 49..narrisonviIle 95.. Waynesboro' . 193..nuntingdon . 75.. Indiana Lehigh 5,5S9. Monroe 2,155. Montgomery. 10,022. Northampton 6,836. Perry 8,412. Philadelphia 61,278. Pike 964, SehuylkiU,.. .10,071. Wayne 3,719. York 9,927. "A«LA — 42 counties. Counties. Dwell. Pop. , 82,479. . 13,270. . 63,291. . 40,235. 20,033. ,408,762. . 5,881. . 60,713. . 21,S90. . 67,450. Farms in cult. .2,074. . 904. ,4,456, ,2,102, .1,456, ,1,530, . 370, ,1,247, ,1,336 .3,734, Manuf. Estab. . 270.. . 76. . 697. . 424., . 232.. .4,589., . 40. . 954. . 200. . 538. Capitals, AUentown Ptroudsburg .Norri.stown Easlon jr. Bloomfleld Philadelphia Milford , Orwigsburg , Bethany .York Jefferson Juniata Lawrence Luzerne Lycoming Mercer Mifllin Montour M'Kean Northuraberl'd Potter Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna.. Tioga Union Venango. Warren Washington. . . Westmoreland. Wyoming 2,253. 2,168. 8,637. 9,687. 4,586. 5,403. 2,.591. 2,239. 953. 4,062. 1,135. 8,969. 660. 6,203. 4,222. 4,456. 3,065. 2,489. 8,045. 8.350. 1,834. Pop. 18,613. 18,029. 21,079. 66,072. 20,257, 83,172, 14,980. 18;239. . 5,254, 23,272. 6,04S, 24,416, 8,694, 28,688. 28,987, 26,083, 18,310, 13,671, 44,939, 61,726, 10,655. Farms in cult, .1.670, . 832, ,1,606. .1,936. ,1,.561, ,2,989, . 787. . 788, , 246, ,1,743, . 663, ,1,613, , 425. ,8,909, ,2,133. ,1,697, ,1,7,30, ,1,207, .S,.572, ,4,013, . 395 Manuf, Estab, . 222, . 53. . 49. . 176. . 232. . 160. Capitals. Brookville MifHintown New Castle WilUesbarre Williarasport Mercer . 102. .Lewistown . 89.. Danville . 40..Smithport . 153. .Sunbury . 55..Coudersport . 88.. Somerset . 26..Laporte . 822..Montroso . 225. .Wellsborongh . 160.. New Berlin 72.. Franklin . 216.. Warren . 247. .Washington . 686. .Grecnsbiu*g . 69..Tunkhannock Counties. Alleghany ... Armstrong.. Beaver Bedford 8,896, Blair 3,718, Briidford T,891. Butler 5,254, Cambria 2,893, Centre 8,9.36, Clarion 4,008, ClearBeld 2,157. Clinton 1,980. Columbia 2.924. Crawford 6,592. Elk 643. Eric 6,825. Fayette 6,697. Fulton 1,333. Green 8,777. Huntingdon .. 4,293. Indiana 4,644. The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was, at the above date, 386,216, of families 403,497, and of inhabitants 2,311,786, viz., whites 1,180,066— males 589,294, and females 590,762 ; fr. col. 40,007— males 18,352, and females 21,665. Of tlje whole population there were d£^f and ditmh — wh. 986, fr. col. IS — total 1,004; blind — wh. 798, iV. col. 81 — total 829 ; imanc—vh. 1,842, fr. col. 49— total 1,891 ; and idiotic— vrh. 1,886, fr. col. 62— total 1,448, The number of free persons born in the United States was 2,014,019 ; the numlier of foreign birth, 294,871 ; and of birth unknown, 2,296. The nativo population originated as follows: Maine 1,167, N, llamp, 1,175, Verm, 4,5,32, Mass. 9,380, P., L 1,946, Conn. 9,266, N. • York 68,835, N. Jer. 29,117, Pennmjlmnia 1,844,672, Del. 12,562, Ind. 21,018, Diet, of Col. 767, Virg. 10,410, N. Car. 409, S. Car. 559, Ga. 176, Flor. 21, Ala. 87, Miss. 101, La. 187, Tex. 17, Ark. 10, Tenn. 168, Ky. 497, Ohio 7,729, Mich. 224, Ind. 899, 111. 32.3, Mo. 220, la. 70, Wise. 45. Calif. 3, Territories 2 ; and the foreign jjopulation was composed of persons from — England 38,048, Ireland 161,723, Scotland 7,292, Wales 8,920, Germany 78,692, France 4,083, Spain 101, Portugal 81, Belgium 126, Holland 257, Turkey 2, Italy 173, Austria 49, Switzerland 914, Eussia 139, Denmark 97, Norway 27, Sweden 183, PruBsia 413, Greece 7, China 1, Asia 42, Africa 40, British America 2,500, Mexico 42, Central America 4, S. America 88, West Indies 666, Sandwich Islands 3, and other countries 861> The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Colored Persons, Decennial Increase. Census Wliite ' ^ » Total / * . Years. I'ersons. Free. Slave. Tmal. Population. 1790 424,099 6,537. 1800 586,093 14,501 , 1810 786,304 22,492. 1820 1,017,094 32,1,53,. Slave, ,3,787.. .1,706.. . 795.. . 211.. 18.30 1,309,900 37,930 403.. 1340 1,676,115 47,854 04.. 1850 2,258,468 53,328 — . . Numerical. Per cent. Total. .10,274 434,378. ..16,207 602,365 167,992 S3.T ..23,237 810,091 207,726 .34.4 .82,S64 1,049,453 239,867 29.5 ...SS,8.33.. ...47,918.. ...53,323.. ....1,343.283. ....1,724.083., ....2,811,786. .298,775 2S.4 .375,800 27.8 .587,763 34.1 The statistics of the productions, manufactures, general industry, and institutions of the State, according to the ccnsta of 1850 and other olficial returns referring to the same period, are as f )lloW8: Occitjfifd Lands^ ttc. — Improved farm lands, 8.628,619 acres, and attached hinds unimproved, 6,294,725 acres — together valued at if 407,876,099, Total number of farms in cultivation on the 1st June 1S,50, 127,577— in Eastern Pennsylvania 50,173, and in Western Pennsylvania, 77,399. Value of farmmg implements and machinery, $14,722,,541. Zii)6-j%i;*, rfc— Horses, 860,898 ; asses and mules, 2,259; milch cows, 582,224 ; working oxen, 61,627; ether cattle, 656 PENNSYLVANIA. 662,105:" sheep. 1,S2'2.35T. an.l swine, 1.040,r>(j6. Airsrecrato value of live-stack, $41.5i'0,053. Compared wilh the stock '^ned in the Slate according to the census of 1S40, the loUowing results are obtained : Stntk. 1840. If<,iO. Movement. Horses I ore i on ua^A ( 85ii,3tiS head i Asses and M,.k-s f ^'''•'-'' "'"'^ 1 2:2m - \ *"'- 12,4T> head, or 3.4 per cenL Milch Cows 1 1 532.224 *orkin»Oxen >-l,17-2,CC5 " i I>l,si7 " V >. dea: 1C,719 . 1 ( 532.224 " ) , ) ( 562.195 " I OlherCalUe Sheep 1,7I!7.C20 " l.S-22,3oT " incr. 54.T37 " or 3.1 " Swiue 1,603.'JIU " 1,040,366 " deer. iSi,b9i " or 30.S " /"/■oc?arf.so/'.li(/»m?.«.— Wool, 4,481,570 pounds; Imtter, 89,878,413 pounds: .ind cheese, 2,i505,034 pounds. Value of animals slaui^lilercil during the year, $'^.219,843. The Quantity of wool reported in the census of 1.840 was 3.045,564 pounds, and hence the iucreaso of production has been 31.9 per cent. ; and the clip per sheep has advanced from 1.72 in 1S40 to 2.40 pounds in IS.^0, or at the rale of 43 per centum in the decade. Grain Crops.— The crops, according to tile returns of 1540 .and 1850 comparatively, are as follows : Crops. Ift40, IS.SO. Movement. ■Wheat 12.213.077 bushels 15.307.691 busheb incr. 2.154.614 bushels, or 16.3 per cent. Eye 0.61.^.873 " 4.S>i5,160 " deer. 1,S0S.713 " or 27.3 ," Imliancorn 14.24o.o22 " 19,<;35.214 " iner. 5,59.M93 " or39.3 " Oats... 20,641.819 " 21,,i38.1S6 " -iner. 1,1!I3..595 " or 5.S " Barley 219.893 " 165.riS4 " deer. 44.309 " or 21.1 " Buckwheat 2,113,742 " 2,193,693 " iiwr. 79,950 " or 3.T " Ot!ier Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 55.231 bushels; potatoes — Irish, .5.930,732 bushels, and sweet, 52.172 bu.shels. The potato orop returned in the census of 1840 amounted to 9,535,663 bushels; and hence the decrease of production in the decade has been 3,-502,759 bushels, or in the ratio of 36.7 per centum. Miacellaneoits Crop^. — Tobacco, 912,651 pounds; hay^ 1,842,970 tons; clover-seed, 125,030 bushels; other gra^-seed, 63,913 bushels ; hops, 22,088 pounds ; hemp — deW-rottcd, 282 tons, anil water-rotted, 2,006 tons ; flax, 525,079 pounds ; Bax- seed, 41.650 bushels; silk cocoons, 2S5 (in 1840, 7.2G2i) pounds; maple sugar, 2,326.525 pounds; molasses, 50.052 ttallous; brt-s-wax and honey, 838,509 pounds ; wine, 25,590 fialloiis, etc. Value of oreliard products, $723,389 ; and of market- garden products, $688,714. The more important of these several crops, compared with the like crops relumed by the census of 184t.>, exhibit the following results : Crops. IS^O. IfiSO. Movemeot. Tobacco 826,018 lbs 912.6,51 lbs itier. 687,633 lbs., or 130.8 per. cent. ITay 1,311,643 tons 1,842.970 tons i;icc. 631,327 tons, or 40:5 " Hops 49,481 lbs 22,088 lbs deer. 27,.393 lbs., or 65.3 " Hemp — dew-rolted j t 282 tons j " w.ater-rotted V 2,649} tons -j 2,006 tons w«'cr.292,6411bs., or 4.9 " Flax ) I 62.S"791b3 ) Maple sugar 2,265.755 lbs 2,326.525 lbs iner. 00.770 lbs., or 2.7 " TVine ! 14,328 gals 25,590 gals iner. 11,202 gals., or 78.6 " ITome-madc ManvfaeUtres were produced in the year to the value of $749,132. The saine manufactures, according to the census of 1840, were valued at $1,303,093. Decrease in value, $.5.53.901, or 42.5 per centum. it/rt«?//(/ci»re.9.— Aggregate capital invested, $00.000,000 ; cost of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed. $00,000,000 ; average number of hands employed, 000,000— males 00,000, and fem.ales 00,000; montldy wages paid, $000,000— to males $000,000, and to females .$00,000 ; value of products for the year, $00,000,000. Total nnmbor of maiuilaeturing establishments producing to the annual value of $500 and upward, on the 1st -Tune, 18.50, 22,036— in the eastern district 13.882. and in the western district -8,154. Of the total number of establishments 208 were cotlou factories, 330 woolen factories, and 631 iron-works, viz., 320 manufacturing castings, ISO pig iron, and 131 cast iron. The number of tanneries w.as 1,089. In the manufacture of eotfon the capital invested amounts to $4,528.925 ; material and fuel consumed $.3.152.5-30 ; pro- ducts of the year, 45.746,790 yards of sheeting, etc.. and 5,308,561 pounds of yam ; total value of products, $5,.322,262. Cotton used, 44,162 bales; coal consumcl, 24,189 tons; hands employed, 7.663 — males 3,504, and females 4,099; entire wages per monib, $104.29.8— to males $rv3.C42, and to females $40,050. The capital employed in 106 cotton factories in 1840 was $3,325,400 ; hands employed, 6..522 ; value of articles manufactured, $.5,013,007. In the troo^eft manulaclures the capital invested amounts to $3,005.064 ; wool used. 7.560.379 pounds: coal consumed, 10,777 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $3,282,718; hands employed, 6,720— males 3,490, and females 2,236; entire wages per month, $90,417— to males $67,138, and to feinales $23,279; products of the year, 10,099.234 yards of cloth, and 1,941,021 pounds of yam; value of entire products, $5,-321,806. Capital in 1840, $1,510,546; hands employed, 2.9.30; value of products, $2,319,061. The capital invesie.l in tntmerim amounts to $3,.S40,31S; v.alue of all raw material, etc., used, $3,169.309 ; hands em- ployeil. 2,980 : monthly cost of labor, $54,801 ; skins tanned, 293,798, and siiies tanned, 1 .8.52,900 ; v.alue of products for the year, $5,275,492. In 1840 there were in the State 1,170 tanneries; hands, .3,445 ; and capital, $2,783,636; sides of sole leather tanned, 4 15.6.55. and of upper leather, 405.933. In the manufaclure of matt and spiritiMjis liquors, the investment amounts to $1,719,960: quantities and kinds of grain, etc., consumed— barley 550.105 bushels, corn 1,48:3.5.55 bushels, rye 517.180 bushels, oala 24,990 bushels, apples 51,200 bushels, mola.sses 10 hogsheads, and hops 263 tons; hands eini^toyed. 911; quantities of liqiior produced — ale, etc.. 189.581 barrels, whisky and high wines 6.54S810 gallons, and ruui 1.500 galli.n.s. The cen.sns of 1840 relumed 1.010 distilleries, producing 6.240.193 gallons of spirits : and 87 bn-w.-ries. producing 12.765.974 gallons of ale. etc. ; hands employed, 1.607 ; capital invested, $1,589,471. New York an-l * >liio produce more spirits, and New York alone more ale, etc., than Pennsylvania. 43 C6T PENNSYLVANIA. The statistics of the iron inuimfucture are exhibited in the annexed table:* P.g Iron. 8,570,425 . 677,2S3 . Canting. VVrougltt Iron. 3,422,9it 7,620,066 .. — 69.501 163,702. — S19 — . — — 20.405. . 816,060 49,228 825,967 . , 27..5»5,1S6 276.S55 3.989,998 . 3,732,427 2,872.467 5,433,391 . S|.e>.-itif;ilioni. Capital invcsttd dollars . . Ore used ^>«« Pig Iron used " .... Old Metiil used " Blooms usfd " MiiuTal Coal consumed " .... Coke and Charcoal consumed husTteh-.. Value of all raw material, etc ^olf-ai-s . , Ilanda employed — male number. " " female " Monthly cost of labor — male dollars . . " ** " female " Metal produced trnw Taluc of all other proilueta dolUtrs.. Yalue of entire products " — about two-thirds of the aggregate capital is empltiyed in Eastern Pennsylvania, and one-third in 'Western Pennsylva- nia. In 1S4II there were in the State 213 establishments, manufacturing anraially 93.395 tons of oast-iron, and 1G9 blonrae^ies, fiifges, and rolling mills, manufacturing 87,244 Ions of bar iron; total fuel consumed, 85o,9il3 tons; hands employed. 11.522, and capital invested in the manufacture, $7,TS1.471. The counties having the largest interest in the iron traiirlh rank atnnng the Stales of the Union. Ttie official relurn« exiiibit tile value of ttiis Itranctl of in^lu^try tn ha\ e be,-n f<.r ttie year en.iini; .30tb .Tune, ISSO.fS follows: ex|)"ns, .}45(ll.CiiO and imports, .tl2,0Gfi.l.54. Of tlio experts, $4,043,464 was llie value of domestic pro- ducts, and of tiiis ?.'?.4*2S.15o was that of nierelianorts. 1791 $3,4.30.093 .. 1793 3,820.662 . . 1793 C.9.5S.S30 . . 1794 6,64:?,093 . . 1795 11,518,260.. 1796 17,513.866.. 1797 11,446.291 .. 1798 8,916 403.. 1799 12,431.9117.. ISOO 11,949,079.. 1801 17.438.193.. 1803 12,077.475 . . 1803 7,526.710.. 1804 11,030.1.57 .. 1805 13.702.2.52 . . I«"0 17..574.7(12 .. 1^"7 16.804.744.. ISiis 4.013,330.. 1809 9,049.241 .. 1810 10,993..598 . . Imports. Ve»r. Expon.-). Imports. 1811 . . . .. $9.660,117.. * 1812... .. 5,97.3.7.50.. 1SI8 . . . .. 3,577,117.. 1814 1815 . . . . . 4,693.919 . . 1816 .. 7.196.240.. .. 8.7.35,.592 . . 1SI7 ... 1818... .. 8.769.403.. 1819 . . . .. 6,293.788.. 1820 . . . .. 6.743.549.. 1821 . . . . .. 7.391.767.. . 8.158.922 1822 . . 9.047.802 . . . 11.874.1T0 1823 . . . . .. 9 017.192.. . 13.696,770 1824 .... . . 9,364.,S93 . . . 11.865,.531 1825 . . . . .. 11.269.981 .. . 15,041.797 1820 .... .. 8,331.722.. . 1.3.6.51.779 3S27.... . . 7.675.6H3 . . . 11.212.935 1828 .... . . 6.051.480 . . . 12.SS1.40S 1829... . . 4.089.9.35 . . . 10,100.1.52 1830 . . . . .. 4.291,793.. . S,7tl2,122 year. K.iport-^. 1831 $6..513,713 . 1832 8,616,066. 1838 4.07S.961 . 1834 2,031,803. 1836 8.7;?9.276 . 1836 .3.971 ..5.55 . 1837 8,841..599 . 18.38 3.477.151. 1839 8.299.415. 1.840 6,820,145. 1841 6.1.52,501 . 1842 3.770.727. 1S4S 2.354.948 . 1844 3..535.2.56 . 1845 3,.574,363. 1846 4.761.005. 1847 8.644.391 . 1S48 5.732,:!33. 1849 5..343.421 . 1850 4.601,606. Impf.rt.^. , $12,124,083 . 10.67S..35S . 10,451,250 . 10,479,263 . 12,389,937 . 15.068,233 , 11,680,111 . 9,360,781 . 1.5,050,715 8.404,882 , 10.340.098 . 7.835,868 2.700,630 7,217.207 8.169.227 7.989.396 9.687.616 12.147.584 10.645,500 12,066,154 Interior Corammilcation. — Pennsylvania has numerous magnificent works of internal improvement, on which an immense commerce is conducted. The great line of raih-oad from Philadelphia to Pittsburg is one of the I'mgest and most expensive lines in the Union, forming a road 357 miles long; and another through line from Pliiladelptiia via Sunbury to Erie, on the lake of the same name, is in progress of construction, and, when finished, will no doubt form one District of State. Eastern .. Western . Z: Total.. CHAECOAL rOROES. No nf No. of vr„ „, Largest Product. ProiluctlSlS. WoVkl. >;•«« a°am' ... 109 389 168. ... 3 5 3., Tons. Tons. Blooms. Bar. Blooms. Bar. Men. .-32.737 6a» 24.319 3MIJ 3005.. (total380) 100 100 42-. Power Employed- Anim'lB. St'm. ...1377 2... ... 13 "... 112.. District of State. Eastern . Western District of State. .384 m.. .. S -.. Furnices. 39.997 24.449 4W(j 3107... rOP.GES OTHER THAN CHAKCOAL F0E0E3. 410 — — 59..., KOLLINO MILLS. No. of Train No. of Nnil No. of Works. ,.,„,,f, g Heatins. RoTis! Ma'chinea. ...66 .217 164 106 276.... ... 23. 187 128 80 330.... .79... ..4J1.. .292 1S6.. No. of Works. No- of Klres. No. of Hamrs, Larcest Prodnct, Product. 1819 Tons. Tons. .. 91.598 M.738... . 72.132 63.610... .113,730 10B.3u8-... BLOO MARIES. Largest Product. Tons. Product 1819, Tons. Wt'r. ,..104.. .. 3 . S.tW. .... 3... Capital Invested. ..$2,012,300 .. 14.000 .1390 2 107 3.. Power Employed. Men. Anim'ls. Sl'm. Wt'r. S.&W. .3048 511 22 31... 3... .3010 610 22 !....-.... Capital Invested. .$ 3.128.700 . 2,426.500 .32 3 $o.5i>U00 Power Employea. CapitaL Invested Men. Animals, ^^'ater. 3» 97 40 6 S 28.700 659 PENNSYLVANIA. of the most profilable lines connecting the lakes with the sea-boiird. Other railroads connect Phiiadelpliia with Baltimore, and in the north-eastern portion of the Stale there are numerous short railroads connecting the coal mines with navigation, or passing into the Stale of New York, furnishing an outlet for its mineral wealth in tliat direction. Many oilier railroads are in progress or contemplated, all of which will connect with or Intersect the trunk lines already built or providefl for. The canals of this State are also magnificent works, and in their construction a great portion of the heavy debt of the State has been contracted. They follow generally the great valleys of the interior, and in their cturses accommodate an immense area of fertile and productive country. These are still incomplete, but every year is adding to their length and consequent value, nor can it be any long period before they will yield a revenue commensurate to the outlay that their construction has demanded. [See statistics of railroads and canals in AppendLx.] Banks, etc. — The number of banks in the Slate, in November, ISoU, was 4G. and 5 branch banks. The financial con- dition of these, at that period, was as follows: Liahilitim~~ca.\nia\, $17,701,200; circulation, $11,798,900; deposits, $17,6S9,212 ; due other banks, $5,811,157, and otber'liabilities, $03,015; and w^Arfs— loans and discounts, $38,423,374, real estate, $1,114,739 ; stocks, $1,417,073 ; due by/)tiier banks, $4,244,174 ; notes of other banks, $2,570,139 ; specie funds, $2,737,065, and specie, $4,337,594. Government, etc. — The first constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1776, the second in 1790, and the present, which was amended in 1850, in 1S33. The right of suffrage is given to every white free man, 21 years old, resident in the State for one year, and in his election district for ten days before the election, and who has paid within two years a State or county lax, assessed at least ten days before the election, but while free men, between 21 and 22 years old, being citizens of the United States, need not have paid a tax ; and qualified voters, who are citizens of the United States, and who have removed from the State and returned, may vote after six months' residence. The general election is held on the second Tuesday of October annually. The legislature is composed of a TIouso of Eepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives, not less than GO, nor more than 100 in number (now 100), must have attained the age of 21 years, must have been citizens and inliabitants of tho State for the last three year^, and for the last year of the districts they represent, and are elected annually. Senators in number not less than one-fourth, nor more than one-third (now one-third) the number of representatives, are chosen for three years, one-third of their number annually. They must be at least 25 years of age. must have been citizens and inhabitants of the State for the four years preceding the election, and for Ihe last year of their districts. The General Assembly meets on the first Tuesday of January annually. The constitution provides that there shall be an enumeration of taxable inhabitants every seven years, to fix the number of Senators and Kepresentatives, and every county shall have at least one representative, but counties erected after 1S3S shall have none until entitled thereto by their population. No representative shall be appointed to any civil office created or increased in pay during his term. The govenior must have attained his 80th year of age, have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State for the last seven years, and holds office for tliree years, his term comniencing on the third Tuesday in January ensuing his election. He receives a fixed compensation, and is not eligible for more than six years out of every nine years. He may remit fines, antl grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and may vefo a bill of the legislature, but it may be passed into law by :i two-thirds vote of both houses, notwithstanding his objections. The administrative officers of the Slate are— the Secretary of Slate, who is eae^offioio Commissioner of Common Schools ; the Deputy Secretary of Stale, the Slate Treasurer, the Auditor-general, the Surveyor-general, the Deputy Surveyor- general, the Adjutant-general, and the three Canal Commissioners. The judiciary Vs vested in a Supreme Court, Courts of Conuuon Pleas, District Courts of the city and comity of Phila- delphia, and of the county of Alleghany, County or Probate Courts, and other local courts. By the amended constitution all judges are now elected by the people. The judges of the supreme court are chosen at large, and for a term of fifteen years. The judge having the shortest term to serve is chief justice. The resident judges of the seveial courts of common pleas an8,799 74 4,569,053 94 £'(7?wa^"ort.— ""Wisdom and VTtue are qualities which, because they descenil not with worldly inheritances, must be carefully propagated by a virtuous education of youlh." Such was the sentiment of the illustrious founder of this State ; but although the principle of universal education was thus authoritatively recognized at the earliest period of her history, no system of popular instruction in the commonwealth was attempted, nor common school fund established, until the 2d April, 1S31. By a legislative act of that date, certain moneys, arising from ihe sale of lands and other sources, were set apart as a common school fund, at an interest of 5 per cent., and this interest was directed to be added to the principal, until the proceeds should amount to $H)t(.(H)0 annually. By a subseiiuent act (1st April. 1834). Ihe State was divided into distrtcis, and $75,000 was ordered to be paid out of the school fund, for the year 1835, and ammally thereafter, to be dis- tributed among the sever.al counties tliat should comply with the provisions of the said act, until the year when the fund should yield an interest of $100,000. Provision was also made by this law tor levying a tax on the districts 7iut li-.ss than douhlo. the amount of the appropriation. On the 13th June, 1?36, au act was passed, appropriating $200,000 for the year 1S37, and aiirnnilly thereafter, to be apportioned among the several school districts and the city and county of Philadel- phia, and authorizing the levying of a tax not I^ss thtin etjuyd to nor -more than treble the amount of each district's por- tion of ihp Suit*? appropriation. Byresolntinn of 3'1 April, 18;37, $500,000 w.as appropriated to the common school fund for the year 1S33, "to be applied by the several districts either for building, repairing, or purchiusing school houses, or for education, as they might deem best." On the 12th April, 1^38, the approi)riation was increased to a sum equnl to one dolUir for every taxable inhabitant in the State, to be increasiMl trientiially. with tlio increase of such inhabitants, but with- out any increase of taxation above that authorized by (he act of l-"36. Various act;*, resolutions, and supplements wore subsequently passed, not. however, materially changiuir any imporlant features of the law regulating the system, until, by the act of 11th April. 1S48. it was made to embrace e\ery counly in the commonwealth. Provision was also mside liy this act for the payment to those districts from which the undrawn appropriaiious were taken by the act of 29th April, 1S44, of the oju-fourth of the State tax levied in such districts, to be applied exclusively to the erection of school houses therein. On the 7lh April, 1349, an act was passed, revising and cotisolidatiiig all former acts relating to common schools, and effecting many valuable improvements in the system, and greatly simplifying the law. Since, and i^icluding the year 1844, the annual appropriation by the State, for the supp.)rt of schools, has been $200,000. Such is the history of the 601 PENNSYLVANIA. enactments of the legislature, creatine and proviiiing ii fund as the basis of the whole system of common schools, following exhibit affords a condtnsed view of the operations of the system for the year ending 1st June, 1850 : "Whole number of districts 1,3ST 1.273 8,510 Number paid during the year Whole numb(_'r of schools Number yet required 674 Average numbt-r of months taught 5.1 Number of male teachers 6.^72 Number of female teachers .' S,9:J5 Average mnmhly salaries — males $1T 20 Average monthly salaries — females $10 15 Number of male scholars 233.392 Number of female scholars 190,952 Number learning German 11,041 Average number of scholars in each school 40 Cost of teaching each scholar, per month $1 44 Amount of tax levied $763,422 State appropriations distributed $1 .■=•9.367 Total lunds raised ^927,789 Cost of instruction $609,377 Fuel and contingencies $63,329 Cost of school-houses, purchasing, renting, build- ing, and repairing $253,741 Total funds expended $926,447 The following table exhibits the progress of the system in its main features, since its establishment in 1834 : Whole DUtritts Di. ■. Whole Whole Wliole So, Apportion't Tax levSeil Eip'J flit Exp'd for Tear. •coepl- reporl'a. to accepiing Scrliool- in-itructiwn. Disl'n. 11,5. Sclinlara. Districu, Districts. houjses. fuel, etc. 1885 9I1T 636 _ 156 762 SOS 82,5U $ - $ - » - $ - 1836 987 745 603 573 3,8S4 3,394 189.004 98.670 207,105 111,808 19-5,972 183- 1,001 796 765 664 4,089 4,841 l'i2,355 463,749 231,.552 202,330 493,071 1S38 1,0(IS 861 820 623 3.939 5,084 174,733 828,794 336,788 149,133 560,450 1889 1,050 879 857 633 3,152 4,666 1S1.913 376,S36 382,527 ]61,.334 579,163 1840 1,050 879 867 683 3,152 4,666 181,913 364,536 395,918 101,334 580,203 1841 1,07-2 903 8S5 734 5,179 6,086 227,699 249,400 897,952 123,004 934,343 1S42 1,113 905 905 861 6.116 7,494 381.085 250,065 89S.766 119,006 439,872 1843 1,189 945 945 865 6.156 7,594 288.762 373,720 419,3117 93,749 484,454 1S44 1.173 939 939 846 5.993 7.585 2SS.4'I2 264,520 891,340 75.913 470.323 1845 1,189 1,013 1,018 961 6.690 8.031 327,413 192.SI3 870,744 77,173 375,983 184S 1,346 1.067 1,056 994 7.096 8,468 329.805 186,417 406.740 60,960 486,475 1847 1.349 1,105 1,054 1,048 7,320 8,074 831,967 187,369 486,727 60,410 487.201 1848 1,3.30 1,330 1,129 1,078 7.845 9,096 860.605 193,035 501,681 96,639 505.505 1849 1,-344 — 1,318 1,194 8,287 10,050 385,175 183,833 583,187 140,144 603,980 1S6I) 1,837 — 1,273 — 8.510 10.907 424,844- 186.763 768,423 263,741 609,377 The number of the schools in the several counties, in 1850. was as follows : Adams 127, Alleghany 280, Armstrong 123, Beaver 111. Bcdfiird-195, Berks 214, Blair 101, Bradford 312, Buclis 139, Butler 163, Cambria 1(13, Carlion 45, Centre 136, Chester 365. Clarion 119, Clearlleld 83. Clinton 50, Columbia 171- Crawford 298, Cumberland 153, Dauphin 151, Delaware 69, Elk 25, Erie 371, Fayette 164, Franklin 173, Greene 118, Iluntinsrclon lOS, Indiana 164, .JelTerson S3, .luniatn 63, Lan- caster -345, Lawrence — , Lebanon 138, Lehigh 128, Luzerne 352, Lycominj 146. M'Ke.an 51, Mercer 197, Milllin 64, Monroe 76, Montgomery 147, Northampton 14:3. Sorlhumberland 91, Perry 115, Pike 37, PotU-r 65, Schuylkill 133, Somerset 144. Susquehanna 216. Sullivan 81, Tioga 173, Union 141, Venango 144, Warren 130, Washington 320, Wayne 130, West- morel.and 2n2, Wyoming 56. York 19.3. The city and county of Philadelphia constitutes the first school district, but is not subject to the general school law. The direction of the schools is committed by law to 233 directors and 24 controllers, one each of the eleven sections into which the district is divided Iieing governed by a separate board of directors, ail being under the supervision of the Board of Controllers. Public sch^jols were fii-st establislied in the city in 1313. The whole number of schools in 1851 was 270, namely, the Central High Scliool. the Normal School, 53 grammar schools, 84 secondary schools, 143 primary schools, and 89 unclassified; number of teachers, 781 — 82 males, and 699 females; number of scholars, 48,056 — males 24,508, and females 23.543. Besides these, there were 141 teachers in the evening schools. The sum expended during the year had been $366,363, of which only $33,-306 was distributed from the State appropriation, the balance having been raised by taxation. The principal universitiea and colleges, medical schools, theological seminaries, law schools, etc., in the Slate, and the statistics of each in 1350, were as follows : Name- Locstinn. Fniindeil. Professnrs. Students. Ahimni, Vols, in I-ib'y. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1755 7 Dickinson College Carlisle 1738 8 Jefferson College Cannnsburg 1802 8 Washington College Washington '- - 1806 S Allegh.any College Meadville 1817 7 Pennsylvania College Gettysburg 13-33 7 Lafayette College .". Easton 1833 7 Marshall Mercersburg 1S.85 6 Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Gettysburg 1835 2 Theological Seminary (Germ. lU-f),,. Mercersburg 1825 2 Western Theolog. Seminary (Prcsb.).. Alleg Town 1828 2 Theological School (Assoc.) Csnonsburg 1792 2 Western Theol. School (Cong. Unit.) . Meadville 1844 4 Theological Seminary ( Asso Itef.) . . . Pittsburg 1838 8 Theolog. Seminary (Eef. Prcsb.) Philadelphia — S' Law Depart. Dickinson College Carlisle — 1 Medical DeparL University Penn Philadelphia 1765 -7 83 .... ....6,142 .... .... 5.000 179 .... .... 673.... . . . . 14,100 197 .... ....1,000 .... ....10,000 187 .... .... 441 .... .... 3,300 106 .... .... 144.... .... 8.300 65 .... .... 163.... .... 6,000 82 .... 101 .... .... 5.000 58 .... .... 166.... .... 6,000 26.... .... 227.... .... 9.000 18 .... .... 121.... .... 6..000 43 ... . .... 262.... .... 6.000 83 .... .... 147.... .... 2.000 40 .... .... 9.... .... S.OOO 85.... .... 85.... .... 1,500 13...- 9---- 450 .... — — .... — ....5,816 .... PENNSYLVANIA. Jefferson MedicaJ College Mcdiriil Dfparr. Penn. CoUege . College of Medicine Ilomceopalhie Medical College . Female Medical College College of riiarmaey Loratinn, , Philadelphia . 'oundeJ. . IS'24 . . . 1^3%. . . lS4r . . , IS-IG .. , 1S49 .. , 1822 . . . 514 . . ITS . , 10 , , T , , 4 . , 2,U3G . . 250 . Besides the schools and colleges above en anu- rated, there are numerous academies, public and private, in every part of the StJite. scienlifie institutions, and socielies fiumded lor tlie encourageniont of literature and the arts. Girard <_'< 'liege, in Philadelphia, is a school for the education of orphans, and in its several departments highly eflicient. Church sfh'U'ls are also numerous, and many of them in a highly prosperous c<>ndiiion. Pennsylvania, within the past ten or twelve years, indeed, has made great and wondertul progress in its educational facilities, and now stands deservedly in the foremost rank among States which make eport, $233,133. JIU-toHcid tS/rtiicA,.— Pennsylvania is the only State of the Union which bears and transmits to future ages the name of a private individual. William Penn, the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, a name given to the infant colony by Charles IL, was the son of Admiral Penn, who in the year 1655 acquired distinction as a commander in the conquest of Jamaica, and in the war with the Dutch. At an early period of life. Penn bad joined the Quakers, who began about that period to attract public attention, and it seems to have been llie intolerantxi niandested toward the sect that first turned bis mind toward America. He and some others purchased a large (juantity of land in New Jersey, but becoming dissat- isfied, he formed the design of acquiring a separate estate. The crown was indebted to his father's executors in the Bum of about .£16,000, and as an acquittance for this,a large tract was granted to him in severalty. His charter conveyed to him all that tract of country bounded on tlie east by the river Delaware, extending westward five degrees, an*! north and souih helwcen the 40th and 42d parallels, except an area around New Castle, circumscribed by a radius of 13 miles. From w.ant of suflleient attention to former charters, this grant interf'-red both with that of Maryland on the south, and ■with the claims of Connecticut on the east, and hence arose contentions which disturbed the repose of the ooloniea for a century afterward. In May, IGSl , the proprietary sent over Markham, with a few others, to take possession of the territory, and in July he sold 20.000 acres to a company of merchants, at the rate nf £20 the thousand acres, entering into arti(-les of agreement ■with them, entitled ''Conditions and Concessions." In tlie following year, Penn published his " Frame of Government,** by which the supreme power was to be vested in a governor and general ns.sembly, consisting at first in the whole body of the people, and aflt-rward in a House of*KepresenlJilives. A provincial council was established, consisting of 72 per- sons, to be chosen by the fre<'men. The governor, possessed of tliree vote's, presided in this council, wliieh prt>pared and digested all laws, leaving to the people the entire riirht of rejecting or afllirming. This constitution was after a while laid aside, and another, resembhng those established in the other provinces, was adopted. In October, 1682, 1'onn. accompa- PENNSYLVANIA. nieil by iiboiit 2.()(in soIIKt-', arrived at Nlw CiwUe, on Ihe Debwaro. lie had previously a((niirt-d from Ihe Duke of Turk a nijivt^yaiicc nl the land at present included in lliu SUiIe of Delaware. His first step on landing -was to convoke an assembly, whieh was held at Uplaml (now called •hester), in December, 1652. In a short session of three days, a constitution modifyirig that drawn up by Penn in England was adapted, and se,vcral important laws pi.ssed. Among other. provisions, that gre.tt principle, to an aJberance to which the province owed much of its prosperity, was adopted, that " none aclinowledgina one God, and livine: peaceably in society, should be molested for his opinions or practice, or compelled to freqik-nt or maintain any ministry whatsoever." Another principle of Pcnn's sy.stem, equally novel and praiseworthy, regarded the treatment of Uic Indians. Soon after his arrival, he summoned tliem to a council, and treat- ing with them on an amicable and equal footing, an men and brethren ; obtained from them, in return fur valuable pres- ents, a cession of as mueh land as his exigencies required. The same course was pursued in his subsequent inlercourso with them, and it was seen with surprise by mankind tliat kindness and good faith were as useful assistants as the sword in the affairs of a colony. No one of the colonies made such ra]>id advances In prosperity as Pennsylvania. The salu- brity of the climate, and the general fniitfulnesa of the soil, had sumc influence, but th^ moral attractions predominated. The persecutions at home drove thousands to a place where religious worship was free, and the prospect of enjoying equal rights in civil matters, attracted from the continent of Kurope a vast number of industrious and moral emigrants. The city of I'hiladetpliia was founded at an early period after the arrival of the first settlers, and the second assembly of the colony was held at this place, in April. 1683. Among other important laws adopted by this assembly was one abrogating the common law of England respecting descents, and distributing Ihe estates of persons dying intestate among the children, giving to the eldest son, however, a double share. The Revolution in England produced some change in the government of PeimsUvania, l^enn. being suspected of being disafl'ecled toward the House of Orange, was suspended from the privi- lege of appointing a deputy for his province; and in IG92 Pennsylvania was annexed to New York and subjected to tho administration of the governor of that province. Two years after, however,' the proprietary was reinstated, and ap- pointed a new governor. Notwithstanding the pacific disposition of the governor and people, and the general concordanco of tJieir opinions. Pennsylvania proved to be no Utopia for the worthy proprietary. Bickerings about the constitution or the laws, or tlie manner of disposing of tlie hmds, almost constantly existed. The charter h.id twice been altered, but tho colonists were still discontented. A third charter was given them in 1701, which provided that the assembly should consist of deputies from eacti county, and that it should have the right to originate, amend, or reject all bills; that Ihe governor should nominate his own council, exercise the whole executive power, and have a negative on the proceedings of the assembly.. The delegates from Pennsylvani?. assented to this constitution, but tliose from " the Three Lower Counties on the Delaware," as they were called, refused to adopt il, and seceded from the assembly. From this periooundary of Pennsylvania, and north to Ihe Kiltalinny Hills, or Blue Mountain. The whole Indian title to lands within the State was subsequently merged. A large portion of the inhaliitants of Pennsylvania were Quakers, but nolwithst^mding their peaceful inclinations, the colony opposed •with as mueh zeal as her sister colonies, the arbitrary measures of the British, government which led to tlie Revolution. The first congress of deputies from the Slates, and most of the subsequent sessions of the same assembly, were held in Philadelphia, and it w.as at Ihe same place that the Declaration of Independence was adoi>ted and proclaimed. During a considerable part of the war the State was the theatre of hostilitiea. On the Declaration of Independence the pro- prietary government was abrogated, and the people, by their representatives, formed a new constitution. The form of government adopted at this period was found, after the peace, to be liable to serious objections. Two parties then arose, the republicans and the constitutionalists — the former, desiring a constitution in which the legislative power should be exercised by two branches and the executive invested in a single person, finally triumphed, and in 1790, a constitution, similar to that of the United States, was adopted. In 1794, an insurrection broke out in four of tlie western counties, in Opposition to the law of the United States imposing a tax on spirits. From this, called the "Whisky Insurreelion," seriovis consequences were at first threatened, but by a happy union of firmness and lenity on the part of President Washington, the revolt was quelled. In Northampton County, in 1797. some deluded persons attempted to resist the process of the marshal, but the power of the laws again triumphed. In 1799, the public offices and Ihe sittings of the legislature, which, from the settlement of the colony, hail been held at Philadelphia, were removed to Lancaster, and in 1812 thev were transferred from Lancaster to Harrisburg, the present capital. From this period no conspicuoois event of history has transpired. The State, indeed, has gone through many finaneial difficulties, and for a time even her con- dition was considereil as a blot on the honor of the nation. Tlie fair name of Ihe State, however, has been redeemed, and Ihe d>;bt, which circumstances forced licr to suspend, is now Iiqui«iated, interest having been rcgidarly jiaid for many years, and the principal is being reduced by the operation of a sinking fund. The day of her degradation indeed is passed, and she now looms up among that glorious galaxy of stales which circumscribes her boundaries, as one of the most glorious and honored. nAKKiSBURG, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, is the political capital of the State. Pennvflle, p. v.. Jay co., I7id. : 68 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Penn Yan, p. v., and cap. Yates co., K Y. : on the out- let, 1 m. from the fnot of Crooked lake, IGl m. W. Albany. It contains a court-house, jail, cU-rk's ofhce. an academy, 2 banks, several large warehouses and flouring-mills, numer- ous manufactories of castUigs, mechanical and agricultural 6&1 imj)lemenls, furniture, etc., and 2,500 inhabitants. The "Penn Van Democrat" and "Yates County "Whig" are published weeWy. The outlet descends 27u feet before reaebing Seneca lake, and furnishes immense water-power. Crooked Lake Canal, S m. long, follows the outlet, and con- nects the v., through Seneoa lake, with the Erie CauaL PEN PEO Steamers ply S. lo the head of Cmuki-d hike, and the Ca- nnndaigua ami Elniira R. K, pa.«scs through the v., 2-i m. S. E. of t_!iniiudaigua, 43 ra. N. W. of Khiiira. Penny's I-"eekv, p. o., Hc-nry cu., ///. ; uu Kock r., 12:3 m. N. N. W. Sprinsitield. Penobscot county, ^^^•. Siluate E. centrally, and con- tains 2.700 s«q. ni. lu the northern part it is t bay. The breadth of il-s mouth, from Owl's Head on the W. to Burnt Coat Island on the E., is about 80 m. It contains a number of large islands, the prmcipal of which are Deer, Ilaut, Long, and Fox islands, besides many smaller. It has many good harl«»rs, and its waters conblin many varieties of excelh'ut fish. Its scenery is exceedingly beautiful, and on its borders are large and flourishing towns. Pbnobscot river. Jfe, : this imporianl river is the largest in the Stale. It is furmed from two main branches, of which the largest rises in the W. part of the Slate near the Canada line, and flows by irregular course E. and S., and through the large lakes, Chcsuncook and Pemadumcook, to its junc- tion with the E. branch. After the junction it flows in a S. E. course until it receives Mattawamkeag r. from the N. E., which is its principal tributary on the E. si'le; then S. S. W. until it receives tlie Piscaiaquis, its chief "W. tribu- tary; then S. by W. to its entrance into Penobscot bay. From its source lo the ocean is about 275 m. It is navi- gable for vessels of large size to Bangor, 50 m. from the ocean, and for boats to a considerable distance above Ihai. Its upper portions have many falls and rapids furnishing excellent mill-sites. The tide rises high at Bangor, caused by the return of the Gulf stream and the wedge-like form of the bay. Above Bangor are numerous islands owned by the Penobscot Indians, who occupy the principal one — Oldtown. Pesodscot, U. S. collection district, Me. Castine is the port of entry. Total tonnage on 30th June, 1850, 36,950 tons ; of which 5,713 tons were registered, and 31,237 enrolled and licensed. Of registered tonnage, 5,122 tons were permanent, and 591 lous temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- nage consisted of 30,531 Ions permanently enrolled; of which 15,059 tons were in the coasting trade, 11,462 tons in cod fish.ry. and 4,010 in the mackerel fishery, besides 706 tons •■■ licensed under 20 tons" employed in (he cod fl.shery. During the year ending June 30, 1S50, the number of clear- ances for foreign countries was 19— 3,441 tons; total of en- trances. 14 — 4.14U Ions. Vessels built during the year, 2 ships, 3 brigs, 14 schooners; total 19- 2,S35 ions. pENoiJ., p. o., Sumter county, Ala, : 122 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Pessacola, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Escambia co., Floi\: on Pensacola hay, lit m. fn)m the Gulf of Mexico, 176 m.W. TallaluLssce. Lat. 3'jO 24' N., lung. 87° 10' 12" ^V. The harbor is deep and affords good anchorage, but near the city is shallow, and lu-iice a long wharf has been extend- ed into the bay. The city is bullion a sandy plain, 40 or 50 feet above the level of the water, and is regularly laid out with wide streets crossing at right angles, having also two hirge public s har- bor are forts Pickens and M'Ree, on Foster's and St. Rosa's islands, and on the latter island is a light-house. See Light- U0USE3. " Pensacola, p. v., Leake co., Mi-^n. : 41 m. N. E. Jackson. Pensacola bay, Flor. : sets up from the Gulf of Mexico in the N. W. part of Florida. It is of irregular furm, con- sisting of three parts. The "W. arm, Ciilled Escambia bay, is about 11 m. long and 4 m. broad, and receives Escambia r. from the N. The N. E. arm is called Yellow Water bay, is about the size of Escambia bay, and receives Yellow Water r. ; its more N. part is called Black Water bay, and receives Black Water r. and other creeks. The S. part of the bay, extending E. 7 m., is called East bay; it is entirely sheltered from the winds and odraita the largest frigates, lis entrance is about three quarters of a mile wide, and la well df f. nded. There is a depth of 22 feet of water on tho bar at low tide. Penteess, p. 0., Monongalia co., Virg. : 209 m. N. W. Pachmond. Peola Mills, p. o., Madison county, Virg.: 76 m. N.W. Richmond. Peoli, p. 0., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: SI ra. E. N. E, Columbus. Peouia county, III. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- tains 64S sq. va. Drained by Spoon r. and Copperas and Kickapoo creeks, tributaries of Illinois r, which forms its eastern boundary. Surface rolling: soQ fertile, consisting principally of a deep mold, with clay intermixed. Chief productions wheat and Indian corn. A large quantity of pork is exported, and it has some good timber-land. Farms 1,191; manuf. 134; dwell. 3,036, and pop.— wh. 17.461, fr. col. S6 — total 17,547. Oijntal: Peoria. Public Works: Peoria and 0m, has a Blow current, and abounds wilh varii)us kimis offish. Most of the E. shore is low and swampy, but on the W. side are high bluffs. Pkoriaville, p. v., Peoria co., Jll. : 65 m. N. Springfield. Pepacton, p. v., Delaware co., 2*^. Y. : on Pcpaelon r., 69 m. S. W. by W. Albany. Pepin lake: is an expansion of 'he Mississippi r., between "Wisconsin and Minnesota, about 24 m. long, terminating at mouth of Chippewa r.. from 2 to 4 m. wide. Its shores are for the most part high precipitous rocks, of which the " Maiden's Rock" is 50U feet high. pEPPKr.ELL, L, p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the N. linu of the Slate and W. side of Nashua r., 35 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of the Nashua, ■which supplies mill-sites. Surface uneven, exxept on the streams; soil fertile. Manufacturing of various kinds are curried on. The Petcrboro' and Shirley K. K. passes on the S. and the Worcester and Nashua R. K. on the E. border. The sta. is 9 m. S. W. of Nashua on the latter. The v. con- tains an academy. Pop. of t. 1,754. Pepper's Ferry, p. o., Pulaski co., Virg. ; on New r., 172 m. W. by S. Ilichmond. Pequannock creek, Ji. Jer. : rises in Wayawanda and Wallkill mountains, Susse.x connty, flows S. E. and S., anrks: Pennsylvania K. K. and Pennsylvania Canal. Pei:i!Y cunty, }to. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 452 f-q. ni. Dr.iiiied by several smail streams, affluents of the Mississippi, and wiiich in their course suppty-goitd ■watcr-priwer. Surfiire varied, risin* toward tlie E.. ami terminating in high land on the Mississippi: soil fertile and very productive. Minerals abound, and there are some goiid coal beds. It contains some fine timhcr-land. Farms 7J3; nianuf. 35; dwell. 1,111, and pop.— wb. 6,395, fr. col. 26, si. 794— total 7.215. Capital : Perryville. Pebkt county, Ohio. Situate toward the S. E.. ami con- tains 414 sq. m. Pr.iincd by affluents of Muskinj^um and Ilocking rivers. Surface billy and broken; soil fertile. Chief ]»rotJucti"US wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. Pine and I'lher timber is found on the land. Farms 1,314; manuf. 25; dwell. 3..'iS7, and pop.— wh. 20.746, fr. col. 29— total 20,775. CapiUd: Somerset. PuUic Works: Scioto and Iloekin^ Valley K. U. ; Cincinnati, "Wilmington and Zanes- ^■ilIe II. K. Perry county, TWm. Situate S. "W. centrally, and con- tains S70sq. m. Drained by Tennessee r. and its branches, the principal' bcincr Huffalo r. Surface level; sojl fertile. Chief productions wheat. Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 453; uianuf. 4; dwell. 927, and pop.— wh. 5,504, fr. col. 4, si. ;iU— total 5.S22. CnpiUtl : Linden. Pekut, p. v., .ind cap. Houston co., Ga. : on Mossy cr., a "W. branch of the Ocmul^ee, 53 m. S. W. by S. Millcdge- ville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, a dozen fit>>res, and about 700 inhabitant.'*. PEi'.r-Y. p. v.. Pike co., I?L : about S m. "W. of the Illinois, 59 m. W. Springfield. Peri'-y, p. v., Allen co., Ind. : on a W. branch of Cedar cr., 112 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road leads S. to Fort Wayne. Perry, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Kt/. : on Kentucky r., 115 m. S. E. by E. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, several stores, and 2iK) inluibilants. Pkrry, t. and p. v., '\yasliington co., 3fe.: on Passama- quoddy bay. 142 m. E. by N. Augusta. On the S. is Cobs- cook bay. A bridge connects it with Eastport, 5 m. S. E. It has great facilities for the coasting trade and fisheries, ■which, with boat-building and the lumber business, are ex- tensively carried on. Pop. of t. 1.324. Pehkt, I. and p. v., Wyoming co., y. Y.: 211 m.W.byN. Albany. Drainod l>y the outlet of Silver lake, which af- fords excellent water-power. Surface undulating; soil loam, mixed with sand and clay, and highly productive of gr.ass and grain- The v. is on the outlet, and extensively engaged in manufactures. It contains an academy, several furnaces, flouring and other mills and factories, and about 1,200 in- habitants. Pop. of t. 2,s32. Perry, t., p. o., and sta.. Lake co., Ohio: on Lake Erie, 153 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The Cleveland and Erie P. R. crosses it, and has a station 6 m. E. of Paincsville. Pop. 1,131. :^.ery. p. o., Venango co., Pe7in.: 173 m. N. "W. by W. Uarrisburg. Perry, t. and ]^. o., Shiawassee co., Mich, : 19 m. E. by N. Lansing. I'rained by Looking-glass r. and its branches. Surface mostly level ; soil fertile prairie. Pop. 313. Perry Centre, p. v.. Wyoming county, Ji. Y. : 214 m. "W. by N. Albany. A literary institution, called the Perry Centre Insti'.nte. is established here. Pebrymansville, p. V. and sta., Harford co., Md. : on the "W. side of Bush r, 34 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The sta. is 27 m. E. of Baltimore, on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. P. pF.RRYoroMs, p. v.. Favcttc CO., Penn.: on the W. side of Youghiogeny r. 147 m. W. by S. Uarrisburg. The river affords power for sevonil factories and mills. The v. con- tains several stores and about 600 inhabitants. Tlie "P. Clarion" (dem.) is published weekly. Perry's Bridge, p. o..VermiHion par., La. : on Vermillion riv. r, about 20 m. N. of Vermillion bay, 65 m. S. W. by W. Baton Pouge. PERRVSBrRO,p. v., Miami CO.. /;j/^?..- 76 m. X. Indianapolis. A plank-road leads 12 m. S. tn Peru. PEBBYSBURrt, I. and p. o.. Cattaraugus co.. y. Y. : 262 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by affluents of Cattaraugus cr., its N. boundary. Surface broken and well timbered ; snil gravelly or clayey, and best adapted to grazing. Popula- tion 1.S62. pEURYSBtrEG, t., p. T., aud cap. Wood co., Ohio: on the right bank ofMaumee r., Ill ni. N. N.W. Cohmibus. Sur- face mosdy level ; soil sandy, and of average fertility. The village, occupying a commanding eminence at tlu? head of steamboat navigation, IS-m. above the mouth a^ the river, has a commodious wharf and harbi.r, and a good share of lake trade. It contains a court-bouse, jail, several steam mills and large warehouses, 30 stores, and 1.199 inhabit- ants. The "■Fort Meig's Eeveille" (whigl is published weekly. The proposed railroad from Fort Wayne to San- dusky City will pass through it Pop. of v. 1,199, and of town. 1,750. Perry's Codnkr, p. o., Duchess county, K. Y. : 53 m. S. Albany. Perry's Cross Koads, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car.: about 2 m. S. of Saluda r.. 41 m. W. by N. Columbia. Perry's Mills, p. v., Tatnall co., Ga. : on the N. side of Alatamaha r., near the mouth of Cobb's cr., 93 m. S. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains a grist and saw mill, a store, and several . v.. Mifllin county, Pfijin.: 47 in. N. "W. Harrisl)urg;. A funiiicc of l.S"0 ions caiiacily is loeatril luTe. Perryvillk, p. v., Decatur co., 7'enn, : on tho left bank of Tennessee r., 76 m. S. W. by W. Nasliville. Previous to the erection of Decatur ro. from Perry, it was the capital of the latter. It has an extensive trade in the exports of the BurrounUinf; district, whieli here* fiml a convenient ship- ping place, and contains several stores and a population of about 400. Pfjisiker. P.O., Knox CO., Til.: 3 m.W. of Spoon r., 82 ra. N. N. W. Sprinsfleld. Persimmon Ckekk, p. o., Cherokee co., iV. Car, : 823 m. W. hy 8. Raleigh. Pekbon county, K Car. Situate N., and contains400 sq. m. Drained by branches of Dan and Neuse riycrs. Surface level; soil moderately fertile, and adapted to grain and grazing. Chief productions, wheat, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 684; manuf. 17; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,590, fr. col. 295, sl. 4,S9a— loUil 10.77S. Capital: Koxborough. pEHTn, t. and p. o.. Fulton county, K Y. : S3 m. N. W. Albany. Surfjice rolling; soil clayey loam. Farming and grazing are the leading pursuits. Pop. 1,140. Pebtu Amboy, p. city, and port of entry, Middlesex co., N. Jer. : at the head of Karitan hay, and conflut- nee of Earitan r. with Arllmr kill, or Sialen Island Sound, 32 ra. N. E. by E. Trenton. It has a si)acious harlicr. with 24 feet of water in the main channel, and easily accessible. It was laid out in I69S, and chartered as a city in 1734. The compact portion is chiefly on the bank of the kill, over which a ferry j)lies to Stalen Island. It contains an acade- my, a manufactory of locks, mechanical implements, etc., 12 or 15 stores, and 1,865 inhabitants. Tonnage of the district in 1850 (which includes tlie E. coast of the Slate from Eliza- bethtown to Little Egg Harbor), 22,085 tons; all except 13 tons engaged in the coasting trade. Peru, p. v., and cap. Miami co., Tnd. : on the N. bank of the Wabash, 67 m. N. Indianapolis. It contains a court- house, jail, ac^idemy, bank, 20 or 25 stores and warehouses, several mills, and 1,266 inhabitants. The "Miami County Sentinel" is issued weekly. It lies on the Wabash and Erie Canal, 60 m. W. of Fort Wayne, and the same distance E. of Lafayette, and is the shipping place of a rich district, with which it has a brisk and increasing trade. It is the northern terminiis of the Peru and Indianapoli.s K. U., which will be extended to connect with the Northern Indiana R. R., and is intersected here by the proposed Wabash Valley li. K., which, passing through Fort Wayne and Lafayette, forms a link in the connection of Toledo with St. Louis. Peru, t. and p. v., Oxford county, J/"''. ; on the S. side of Androscoggin r., 34 m. W. hy N. Augusta. Drained by affluents of the r., fed by several ponds. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Pop. of 1. 1,109. Peru, p. v., La Salle county, HI. : on the N. bank of the Illinois, at the head of navigation, 269 m. above iU- inouih, 105 m. N. by E. Springfield. It is 1 m. below La Salle, the terminus of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and forms with it one continuous v. along the r., on which arc the commer- cial houses, the residences occupying the high bluffs imme- diately back of it. The chief business is shipping the great staples by river and canal, but a large trade is kept up willi the back country, with all parts of which it has, or soon will havQ, easy communication. A rich and highly cultivated alluvial island lies in front of it, with a channel between that floats the largest steamers, and from which a lateral branch leaiie to the canal. Its favorable position for com- merce has given it its chief importance, and must eventually make it one of the first cities in the Stale. It has a daily communication with St. Louis and tlic immediate ports by packets and steamers, and with Chicago by canal and the Chicago imd Rock Island R. R., which also connects it with the Upper Mississippi ; and the Central Illinois K. R., which 663 here cntssestho r.will bring to it the trade and products of rich Peters' Cheek, p. o., Barren co., K{/. : on an E. branch of Cig Barren r., 106 ra. S. \V. by S. Frankfort. Peteus' Ckeek, p. 0., Stokes county, JV. Car.: ln2 m. N. W. by W. lialeigh. Petehsuam, t and p. v., 'Worcester co., Mass.: t>0 m. "W. by N. Worcester. Drained by branches of Swill r., affording numerous mill-seats. Surface high and somewhat broken; soil good, especially for grass. A farming and grazing t, containing numerous small manufaotories. Popu- lation 1,52T. I'ETEasTowN, p. v., ^lonroe co., VTrff. ; on Eich cr., 2 m. N. of Now r., Ib2 m. W. by S. Eichmond. On the cr., in the vicinity, are several mills and small factories. PETEitoviLLE, p. v., Frederick co., JId. : 3 m. N. of the Potomac, 62 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. PetersviUe and dis- trict contains 2.351 inhabitanU. Pctersvillk. p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : on Tlocken- docque creek, an E. aftlueul of Lehigh river, 79 m. E. N. K. Harrisbuig. Petite Jean, p. ri:s: Pacittc E. E. Pkh v'8, p. 0., Lawrence co., ///. ; 12" m. S. E. Springfield. Pewaukek, t and p. o., Waukesha co., ir/.vc. ,• 59 m. E. Madison. Drained by Pishtakar. (called Fox r. in Illinois), mto which flitw the waters of a l.argo lake lying in the W. l)art Surface even, and soil excellent grass and grain Ian<]. TheMilwaiikie and Mississippi E. E. crosses it, and plank roads lead E. and W. Pop. 1,093. Peytona, p. 0., Boono county, Virg.: 234 m. "W. by N. Eichmond. Pevtonsburg, p. o., Pittsylvania county, Virg. : 105 m. S. W. by W. Eichmond. Peyton's Creek, p. o.. Smith co., Tenn. : 48 m. E. by N. Nashville. Pe^tonstille, p. v., ■Williamson county, Tt'}in. : 22 m. 3. Nashville. PuABisuuRG, p. v., Union county, Ohio: 35 miles N. W. Columbus. Phark's Mills, p. o., Moore co., J^. Car.: 4G m.W. S.W. Ealeigh. PuARSALTA, t. and p. 0., Chenango co,, K Y. : 101 m. "W. Albany. Drained by Otselic cr. and brandies of Ch nango r. Surface broken ; soil fertile loam. Farming and grazing are the chief pursuits. Pop. 1,IS5. Pheasant Biianch, p. o., Dane co., TPAtc. PnELrfl, t and p. o., Ontario co., N. Y. : 166 m. TV. by N. Albany. Drained by Canandaigua outlet and Flint creek, which supply fine water-power. Surface undulating; soil loam, overlying limestone, and very fertile. It contains :iu abundance of gypsum and water lime, and large manufac- tories of flour, plaster, mechanics' imi)lement.s, etc. Tlie liochester and Syracuse E. E. jtasses through it, and has a sta. 7 m. N. W. Geneva. The p. o. is in the v. of Vienna. Pop. of t. 5.542. Pueu'8, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 154 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Musquilo and Eock creeks, I^ranches respectively of Mahoning anr bcautj' and grandeur. The houses are generally on a uniform phin, 3 stories high, of brick, with marble steps and basements. Some of the more costly private residences are noted for their elegance. The public squares a^e laid out with much taste, ornamented with fine shade-lrees, shrubbery, etc., provided with seats, and are favorite promenades. The business portion of the city was originally on the Delaware side, but since the opening of the coal trade, and with the increase of popula- tion, the Scluiylkilt side has acquired a large share of busi- ness, particularly that of the coal trade, country produce, etc. The Schuylkill atfonis a convenient harbor for small vessels, anck3, capable of raising the largest sl^- am- vessels and ships of the line. These works, constructed in 1849-51, at a bital cost of $813,742, consist of a sectional fioating dry-dock in 9 sections; a basin, 350 feet long by 22G feel wide inclosed by granite waJls, having a granite floor, upon a foundation of piles, timbers, etc. ; and 2 railways, with hydrauUc cylinder, etc. PHI PHI The U. 9. Naval Asylum, establislied in 1^35, occupk'S an elevated and mosl beauiifiil si u*, near the Schuylkill r., in Moyamensing district, and consists of 3 stniclures. The priiK-ipal edififu, bu.It of marble, is 3 storii-s high, has a front of 3S0 ffct. inclUiling a central building 142 by ITo fet't. which has a handsome piTtico « iih S Ionic colunina. The grounds embrace 25 acr^s, beaulifully adorned with trees, shrubbery, etc The pensioners are about 140 in number, wh^ are ppivided with every comfort. A naval oEScer is stationed at [his port, Edaaition. — The public schools are well organized upon n most efficient systetn, established in ISIS, which constituted the city and county of Philadelphia, one entire selicwl dislriirt, in 11 sei-tions, with arrangements for uniform and harmonious grades of free instruction. Tlie schools are under the direeiion of 23 controllers and 210 directors, dis- tributfd ihrimghoul the 11 sections. In 1S52, lliere were 254 schools, class^ified as follows: 1 high, 1 normal, 53 grammar, 29 secondary, 130 primary, and 40 unclassified; which empliiyed 111 teachers, and had about 50,000 scholars. The school-houses generally are substantial brick edifices, 3 stories high, accommodating 500 to l,OtiO pupils. The Normal School for the instruction of female teachers, was eslablished in 1S4S; its course of JnslruciioQ embracing two years, is of the very best order. The central high Bchool, eslablished October. 1S3S, is one of the best institu- tions in the Union, The building, in Juniper Street, below Market, has a handsome marble front with Ionic portico. It has 11 instructors, an vols, in its library. Gii'Kvd Colloge. — This magnificent institution, founded by Stephen Girard, with a bequest of .^;2,e0ii.000 for the gratu- itous instruction and support of destitute orphims, is situ- ated on the pLitigc Koail, in the district of Penn, 1 m. N. of the N. boundary of the city proper. The corner-slone of the college was laid July 4, 1S33, the buildings were com- pleted in 1S47, and the institution went into operation, Jan. 1st, 1S4S. The grounds contain about 41 acres, inclosed by a wall 10 feet high. The college edifices present a very im- posing appearance. The central edifice, most substantially built of marble, is one of the most magnificent stnictures of its size in the world. It is in the form of a Greek temple, in the Corinthian style, resting on a basement of U steps, which e\Iend aroun,000 volumes, an extensive cabinet of medals, antl a l;u"ge col- lection of maps, engravings, etc. Its published transactions, in numerous volumes, have greally eoniributid to the ad- vancement of science. The Academy of Natural Sciences, founded 1S12. incorporated 1S17, h;is a very handsome edi- fice, containing a library of 13.000 volumes, and the most valuable museum in Ihe United Stales, containing, besides other collections, 25,000 specimens in ornithology, unrivaled in the world, 30.000 in the herbarium, 7.000 in geological department, and the late Dr. M'>rion*s celebrated cabinet of crania. The academy has contributed much to natural science. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, founded 1825, has issued various historical publications, and has a library of 2,000 volumes, wiih collections, etc. The Franklin Institute, incorporated March 30, 1>24, mainly devoted to the promotion of mechanical science, etc., has about 3,000 members, and library of 6,000 volumes, principally mechan- ical and scientific works ; publishes monthly its journal, the oldest and one of the best mechanical periodicals in the Union; and holds annually an extensive exhibition of Amer- ican manufactvirej?. The College of Physicians, chartered Marcli 20, 17S9, publishes its transactions quarteriy, and ia one of the most valuable periodicals of medical science. The Philadelphia Library Company, instituted 1731, prin- cipally by Dr. Franklin, li.ts one of the most extensive libraries in this country. Its edilh-e, erected 1789-90, a plain sirueture. presents a venerable appearance. Its entrance la surnioimted by an excellent marble 8t;iiue of Franklin. In 1792, it received the valuable library of Hon. James L«^gaD, now amounting to 10,000 volumes. These united hbrariea 671 PHI PHI '^ now embrace about 60,000 volumes, and are constantly in- creasing. The Athenitum, organized Ffbruary 9, 1814, now oceupies a very elegant edifice, built in the Italian style, corner of Sixth and AiielpUi streets, erected lS45-i7, con- taining a library of 12,000 volumes, reading-room, etc. The Mercantile Library, established 1S21, has a handsome library building, corner of Fifth and Library streets, erected 1344-45, at a cost of $23,200, which contains 10,500 volumes ; its real estate ia valued at $60,0(tO. The Library of the Law Asso- ciation is a good collection of professional works. The Apprentices' Library, founded 1S19, is an excellent institu- tion, having 12,000 volumes, resorted to by 1,200 l^oys and 600 girls. The German Society have 8,000 volumes; the Pennsylvania Ilospital 10,000 volumes of medical works; besides which, are the Friends' Free Library, Spring Garden Institute, the colleges previousily mentioned, and some library companies of the incorporated districts. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, organized ISO", contains rare sculptures, with splendid paintings by the old masters, "West, Allston^ apd Sully, and holds annual exhibitions, commencing in/May. The Art Union of Phil- adelphia has a free gallery of pictures constantly open, which are changed monthly, and holds a distribution of prizes in December annually. There are two associations of artists — Graphic Association and Artists' Fund Society. Keiospapersaiid Periodical. — According to the census of 1S50, the periodical press then consisted of 64 publications, viz., 11 dailies, 1 semi-weekly, 37 weeklies, 5 aemi-month- liea, S monthlies, 1 quarterly, 1 annual. Names of dailies— "Norih American" (whig), '• Pennsyl- vania Inquirer" (whig1, *' Pennsylvauian" (dem.), "Daily News" (whig), " The Sun" (nat. Am.), " Sjjirit of ihe Times" (dem.), " Public Ledger" (indep.), " Evening Bulletin" (in- dep.), " Daily Register" (neut.) The largest circulations were — of the dailies, "Public Ledger," 43,980; of Ihe •weeklies, " Dollar Newspaper" (indep.), 40,000 ; " Scotfa "Weekly Paper" (lit.), 40,000 ; *' Saturday Evening Post" (lit.), 42,000; "American Courier" (lit.), 35,000; of semi-month- lies, " Youth's Penny Gazette" (relig.), 100,000 ; of mouthlies, *' Godey's Lady's Book," 60,000. The press is generally characterized by propriety, origin- ality, enterprise, and large circulations. The medical journals are of high repute. The first papers were— *' American "Weekly Mercury," established 1719, by Andrew Bradford; "Pennsylvania Gazette," in 1723, subsequently conducted by Dr. Franklin; "Pennsylvania Packet," 1T71, which, in 1784, was issued daily, the first daily in the United States. Chttrc/tes, JieU{/ious Institutions, etc. — Eeligious societies of all denominations are very numerous. The total number of churches in 1852, in the city and closely adjoining districts, was about 175, viz. : Episcopal 31, Presbyterian (of all kinds) 45, Friends' 9, Roman Catholic 17, Baptist 20, Methodist 27, Lutheran 8, German and Dutch Reformed 4, Moravian 1, Universalist 4, Unitarian Is besides 3 Jews' Synagogues and some independent churches. Compared with other cities, the church edifices of tliia city are not distinguished for architectural beauty, though characterized by neatness and comfortable convenience. The principal edifices are — of Episcopal, Christ Church, completed 1753; St. Andrew's, in the Ionic order, a very classic structure ; SL Stephen's an,y77. The Moyamensing Alms-house is the public charity Ibr that district. The Friends' Alms-house is a pri- vate institution and has but few inmatea. Jfunk'ipal Goi-fni nu-iii% Drpartinenti. — The county of Philadelphia is divided into ditfercnt local governments. The incorporated dij^Iricts directly adjoining the city proper, viz., Soulliwark, Moyamensing, Spring Garden, Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Richmontl, have simihir organi- zations, each governed Iiy boanis of commissioners. The consolidation of ttiese districts willi the oity proper into one municipal corporation, has for some time been agitated. The government of the city proper, under the general su- perintendence of the mayor, is composed of police depart- ment, select and common councils, board of city commis- sioners, and board of city and county commissioners. The police department, exclusive of ofBcers, embraces 200 watchmen. The cimsolidated police force, established lS.iO, has ISO policemen, distributed as follows: city 55, Spring Garden 26, Kensington 24, Northern Liberties 21, Southwark 18, Moyamensing 12, Penn 4, Richmond 4, West Philadel- phia 3, under 12 lieutenants and the marshal. The number of arrests by tliis force, from Nov. 21, ISoO, to Nov. 1, 1S51, exceeded 12,000. jFire Df-paiimfut—lvi 1S52 there were TO companies — engine 35, hose 3:i, hook and ladder 2 — each having about 30 members. The As.sociiilion for the Relief of Disabled Firemen, established 153.'), in 1S.'>2 possessed $1T,500 per- manently invested ; and ha.:ir0 13.365 46,680 75,270 1M9 67.410 1.M'IO 48.700 7S,500 ISoO 7l),S20 15,265 33,840 95,450 Foimxmmt ir^/^^^r-TToz-^-^.— Those water-works which supply the city with water, are siluat^'d on E. bank of Schuylkill r., a little N. of the city proper, and have been in 43 operation j-ince July I, lS-22. A dam ext<'nds across the river. 1,24S feet long, erected in 1S19. The water backed up by the dam passes into an artificial forebay, 419 feet loni;, 90 feet wide, and 60 feet deep. The mdl-biiilding is » of stone, 2.'N ft;L't long, 56 feet wide, containing S double- acting fr>rcing pumps, each of which will lift about 1.250,000 gallons inti> tlie rcsi-rvoirs in 24 hours. The water is elevated 92 feel. The reservoirs, 4 in number, cover (> acres, are 12} feet deep, constructed in very substantial manner, tngdlier contain 22.031. 970 ale gallons, and coat $Io3,^22. They are for the most part upon artiflci.il ground, raist-d in some jiarls 40 feet above the original of the hill. "When full, the water is 102 feet above low tide in the Schuylkill, and 56 feet aliovc the highest ground iu the city. One of them is divided into 3 sections for tlie purpose of filtration. Tlie water passes from the reservoirs to the city, through 3 main iron pipes, in diameter 20, 22, and 30 inches respectively ; and is then distriliuted through the city in pipes from 3 to 10 inches diameter, chiefly 3 and 6 inches, of which the total length in January, lSo2, w.as: in city proper SI ni., in districts of Soulhwark and Moyamensing 2Gi m. The average daily consumption of water in the city and districts in ISOO, throughout the whole year was 4,7S5,33S ale gallons; in isril, 5,69n,744 g.illons. Water rents in iSol, $135,ST4. The entire cost of these works to Dec. 31, 1S50, was $1,615,170; additional expenses in 1S51, $92,3S0 — total cost to lb52, $1,707,550. Sprmg Garrlfn and NbrtJi^ni LiheTtig.^ Water- l^^oH'S.— Situated on E. side of the Schuylkill, about 1 m. above Fairmount. Tlie engine-house is of granite, iu Kgyptiau stylo. The reservoir, 15 feet deep, 115 feet above iMW-wati-r mark, contains 9.S0O.00O, gallons, and has 2 distributing mains, 16 inches diameter. This work was completed iu 1845, at a cost of $159,075. Mamtfiicturt'^: — In the amount, and v.aUie, and variety of ira manufactures, PhUadelpliia is one of the most im- portant citius in the Uuiled States. Many of these are brought to more than an ordinary degree of perfection. The f'llluwing siaiement of the manufactures in the city and county of Philadelphiai is from the census returns of 1S50: Value of rnpitril irtv-i.Hted. Phil. City proper. . $13,207.695 . Norlh'n Liberties. 3.922.251. Spring Garden... 2,Dl3.445. Kensington 3,755,711 . Southwark 2,171,065. Moyjunensing 530.36-1. Townships, etc. . . 7,2^;7.3S0. Annm.l I.rniliii.-ls. $26,3(»9,205 7,073,023 5,37G,7SI 10,0ft3,904 3,734,730 1,299.201 10,237.3(18 $33,737,911 $34,505,156 $64,114,212 Tiio f'llowing .statements of the number of hands, and their wages, are from tlie same source: Ayfrrt-j^f miTiiber 3 1847.. 12.153,937. 2,904.743 1848.. 10,700,865. 2,767,4S9 1&19.. 10,100,479.. 2.694,245 1350.. 13.381,759. 8,412.240 Year.. Arr. Years. -Arr. Tears. Air. Tears. Arr. 18-36.. ..421 1840... ...456 1844... . . .472 1S4S.. ..W3 1&37.. ..409 1841... . . .504 1848... ...837 1819.. ..5^5 1833.. ..464 1842... ...4,54 1846... ...459 1850.. ..513 1839.. ..521 1843... . . .372 1847... ...667 1851.. ..576 Exports. — The number of clearances for foreign countries during the two fiscal years, 1843-49, and 1S49-60, each end- ing June 30, were as follows: 1848-49. 1849 W. Ves,-. Tuna. Men. Drlioa of the exports. The following is a staletnent of the exports of wheat flour, corn meal, wheat, and com, from 1381 to 18.51 inclusive: Years. 1831.. 1832.. 1833.. 18-34., 18.35., 1336, 1337, 1833, 1SR9, 1810, 1841, 1842, 1S4:B, 1844, 1345. 1816. 1847, 1848. 1849. 1n50. 1861. Wheat flour. Con meal. bl.t,*. 2.59,785.. 151.917.. l:?2.022.. 87.905.. 90,098.. 67,113.. 33,630.. 69,622.. 191,.3S0.. 284.774. . 19,5.5,55.. 161.866.. 12S,.517.. 196.4.33.. 201,956.. 860,610.. 420,684.. 179,507.. 220.786.. 83.024.. 299.466.. bill: Wheat, bu-b. 61.2«2. 2,253. 2,908. . 45.632.. . 50..32S.. . 81.903.. . 50,018.. . 60,869.. ,. 42,798 — .. 63,803 — . 64.002 — . 78,800 87.881 . 89.486 280,047 .108.822 56,571 . 97,884 87.9,58 .106,484 82.235 .101,856 33,875 .115.101.. .144,357., .800,531 . .140,014. . 91.819., . 94,334 . 0.5,385. ... 86.089.... ...245,136.... ...528,588.... ...207,092.... ...177.812.... ...205,670.... ...225,201.... 43,293 48,359 66.703 81 ,.526 25,467 19.11T 21,486 17,087- 17.117 76.749 80.266 88,722 74.613 110.063 129.256 279,820 102,210 817,150 906,823 602,680 864,546 Tlie exports of rye flour in the same years were as follows K. 11. Years, 1831 8,433 1832 13,040 1833 27.939 1834 2.3.795 1835 21.033 1,8'!6 27,429 1887 17.276 Ye«r». 1888.. K. flour bbls. ...14,211 1889 24..527 1840 86.471 1841 26.866 1342 22.530 1843 22.3 3 1844 21,904 It, flour bbl.. Years. 1846 17.095 1346 19,780 1347 20,407 1843 1.5„537 1849 26,.536 1350 26.054 1351 10,505 Tonnage for the two fiscal years 1848-9 and 1849-50, also in 1851, which, though not from any official documents, is doubtless correct: PHI PHI TONNAGE OF PHO-ADELPurA. n^Kisteretl Enrolled nn.l Liceased Total Ton^, 9jlliB. ■ Tons, yollia. Tona. y.Mlig. OnJuneS0,lS49....6S.S21 91. ...134,265 25.. ..188,087 21 " 1S50.... 64,205 10. ...142,292 "2. .. .206,497 62 " ISol.... — .... — ....222,428 90 Classification and employment of tonnage on June 80, 1S49, and June 30, 1850: JIEGI8TEUED TONNAGE. Ferinarieut T'=''H|iorarj' Tot.il Tons. >)5lha. Jonc SO, 1849.... 40,34.3 26. 1850....46,.3Si 91. ..13.478 Co.... 53,821 91 ..17,820 14.... 64.200 10 Of the above, in 1850, GG tons were propelled by steam ; in 1849 noae. ENROLLED AND LICENSED TONNAGE, Permanent Temporary C-i.aal Trade St'm Nllv'n Tons. 9")tli5. Ton.*. ?.illis. Tons. 4.=itli... Tons, 'l.ntl.s, June 80,1849.. 121,722 85. .9,5.30 93. .131.253 S3. .13,631 22 " 1360.. 1.36,577 23.. 2,581 87.. 139,159 15.. 15,475 56 The amount " licensed under 20 tons" in 1S49 was 3,011 tons ; in 1S50, 3,134— .all in the coasting trade. Vessels built in the district of Philadelphia in the two fiscal years, 1S4S-49, and 1849-50, each ending June 30: Yenrs. Slips. Brijs. S.l.-r,. ^'^P'soJ ^leam. Total ^ canal l> ts bonis. Vessels. Tona. 1S4S-49 8 2.... 26 102.... 9. ...142.... 13,741 1849-60 7 1....S4 107.... 17.... 1G6.... 18,150 Siiwmary of NimgnUon.—yhe following table exhibits the tolal arrivals of vessels at Philadelphia in each year, from 18.35 to 1S51 inclusive. Their separate divisions into foreign and coastwise vessels are previously given under tlieir proper heads of domestic trade and foreign com- merce ; ' Tears. 1847 18,726 1848 24,463 1849 2.5.169 1850 27,553 1851 27,060 Yeara, , Yeara. 18:35 4,002 I 1841 9.7.50 1S36 4,185 1 1842 8,427 1K57 8,185 1.843 8,031 1838 11.:H4 18H 8,189 1839 11,709 1845 S.416 1S40 10,162 11846 6,477 Poin,rTacuse, 130 m, W. N. W. Albany. It contains a half dozen stores, as many mills, and 450 inhabitanLs. Pu(EMx, p. o., Armstrong ca, Penn. : ISS m. W. by N, Harrisburg. Pn(ENix, p. o., Edgefleld district, S. Car. : 6S m. W. Columbia. PiKENixviLLE, p. v., Chester co., Penn.: on the W. side of Schuylkill r., and S, side of French cr. at their con- fluence, 72 m. E. 8. E. Harrisburg. It is supplied with good water-power, and extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron and iron-ware. It has tliree furnaces uf 18,000 tons annual capacity, which use steam, and in 1S49 made 8,025 tons of iron ; a nail factory, using water-power, which made 1,800 tons of nails; a rail-mill, using steam, which made 5.7(53 tons of railroad iron, and a rolling-mill, us'mg steam and water, and capable of making 5,300 tons of bar and sheet iron per annum. In these wer« employed 878 men and boys. It has also several factories and mills, and a population of 2,6(57. It is 27 m. N. W. of Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and Schuylkill Navigation Canal. PniENixviLLE, p. v., Windham county, Conn. : 31 m. E. Hartford. PiASA, p. 0., Macoupin co., III. : at the bead of Big Plasa cr.. 5-1 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Piatt county, Ili. Situate E. centrally, and contains 42T sq. m. Drained by Sangamon river. Surface undulating; soil fertile, producing wheat and Indian com. It has some prairies, and good timber hmd. Farms 168; manuf. 2; dwell. 157, and i>op.— wh. 1,600, ft. cnl. 0— total 1.606. Cap- iUd: Monticello. Public }Yvrks: Great Western Central Railroad. PicATL-KE, p. o,, Henderson co., PL: 10 m. E. of the Mississippi, 89 m. N. W. Springfield. Pickaway county, Ohio. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 542 sq. m. Scioto river passes through it centrally, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface even ; soil a fine, deep, vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chief pro- ductions, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine pasturage, and large numbers of eattle, sheep, and hogs are fattened and sent to the eastern mai'ket-s. Farms 1,261 ; manuf. 71 ; dwell. 3.6U0, and pop,— wh. 20,595, fr. col. 413— total 21,008. Cap- ital: Circleville. Pahlic Works: Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville R. R. ; Ohio Canal, etc. Pickaway Plains, p. o., Monroe co., Virg. : ISl ul W. Rielunond. Pjckkns county, Ala. Situate W. toward the N., and conUiius 9S5 sq. m. Tombigbee river passes through tlie S. W. portion, by which and its branches it is drained. Sur- face undulaliuE ; soil furtile, and adapted to cotton, which is the staple. Good crops of wheat and corn are produced, and a quaniity of live-stock fattened. Part of the land is woinied. Farms 1.48S; manuf. 84 ; dwell. 1,896, and pop.— ^' PIC PTK wh. 10.972, fr. col. 6, si. 10,5;^— toUil 21,512. Cujntal: Carrol lion. PiCKKNS district, S. 'Cur. Situ.ate N. W., and oontnins 997 sq. ra. Drained by St-neca river and its brancUes, it being a tributary of Tugaloo river. Surface hilly and muuutainous ; soil fi?rtile, nialiing fine gr;iang land, and adapU'd «Li the ctilture of grain. Chief iirudiietions, t'otlon, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms l,2ol ; nianuf. 28 ; dwell. 2,23'-', and pop.— wh. 13,105, fr. ml. 120, si. S.67!f— total 10,904:. Capital :Vick^i:n&. Pablic Wbrk-s: Kabun Gap K. K. (proposed.) PiouF.NS C. H., p. v., and cap. Pickens disf., S. Car. : on the W.sideof Keoweer.,anaftlui'ntof the t*avannah, 12S in. N. W. by W. Culunibia. It contains a court-house, jail, aoadenjy, a half dozen stores, and 800 inhabilanta. The " Keowee Courier" (dem.) is published weelvly. VicKENSviLLE, p. V., Picki.'ns county, Alu.: on tho E. gido of Tondjigbeo river, 126 miles W. N. W. Muiitj^oiu- cry. It couLains an academy, a dozen stores, and 27G inhabitants. PicKENSviLLE, p. V., Plckcns dist., S. Car. : UG m. N. "W", Coltiml'ia. ■ PiruBaiNG, p. o., Chester co., I'enn.: 6S m. E. by S. Harrisburg. PirKiiniNGTos, p. v., Fairfield CO., Ohio: 14 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Pop. ISO. PiooLATA, p. v., St. J'-hn's CO., F^or. : on the E. bank of St. Jburg. PiEKMOST, p. V. and sta.. Rockland m.. X ]": .- on "W. bank oflliidson r.. 115 ni. S. by W. Ail-any, 24 ni. N. by E. New Yi>rk. It is t>f recent growth, constqueut ui>on lis se- lection as the K. terminus of the Erie R. It. wiiliiu the State of JV". i: It derives its name from the P. R. pier. 1 m. long, and the abrupt hill (the N. termination of the Paliaailes), upon which it is situated. It eonlaifis 2 churches, some stores, and hotels. Its hnsinesa is for the most part directly connected with the Erie R. R., which has here largo dcp6ts, car-houses, machine shops, etc. * Pop. about 1,000. PinaMosT. sta.. Orange co., Vfnii. : on Connecticut river, about 2 ni. below the mrtuth of Wait's r.. opposite the village of Piermoiit. K Ilamp., 26 m. N. of White River Junction, on the C<)nnecllcut and Passumpsic Rivera R. R. PiEHMONT, t and p. o.. Grafton co.. a: ITamp.: on the Coiint-cticut, 5S m. X. W. by N. Concord. Sev^-ral pomis in the E. feed a fine mill-sifHam flowing into the river. Sur- face elevated in the E.. and soil supt^rior pasture. On the r. are bro.id rich meadows. Farming is the leading busi- ness. Pop. 918. Pikhi'ont, t. and p. o., St. Lawrence co., K. Y. : 1.39 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Racket and Grasse r. Surface bndcen and heavily timbered ; soil clayey loam. Grazing 1a a leaiHng interest. Pop. 1,459. PiKr.i'ONT. t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : on the State lino, 172 m. N. E. C'olumbus. Drained by heads of Ashta- bula r. Surface slightly broken; soil excellent grass laud. Pop. 9:19. PiKRuKPosT, sta., Jefferson CO., IT. Y. : on tho "Water- town and l^juie E. R.. IS m. S. of Watertown. PiEaKEi'ONT Manor, ]). o., Jefferson co., N. Y. : 133 m. N. W. by W. AIb.iny. PirFAUD, p. o., Livingston co., K, Y.: 193 m. "W. by N. Albany. Pigeon river. Big, X. Car. and Temt. : rises in Haywood CO.. jV. Car., and flows in N. N. W. course, to its confluence with French Broad river, near Newimrl, 7't.-/ine.\s,.'t'. PiGKON Creek, p. 0., Ralls co., JUa. : on a N. branch of Salt r., 79 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. Pigeon' FoR(fE, p. v., Sevier co., Tenn.: on a S. branch of Nolichucky r., Isl m. E. by S. Nashville. PrcKON GiiovE, p. o., Columbia co., U7.\e, Pigeon River, p. o., Haywood county, JK Car. : on a S. brancli of the Nolichucky so called, 247 lu. W. Raleigli. Pigeon lioosT, p. o., Choctaw co., Jli^is.: 96 ni. N. N. E. JaeUson. Pigeon Run, p. o., Campbell co., rirg.: 93 m. W. S. W, Ricbmoud. Pike county, ^^a. Situate toward the S. E.,and contains 99(i sq. m. Conecuh r. passes centrally through it, by which and its branches it is tlrained. Surlace uudulaiing; soil fertile, and well adapted to cotton, the principal produc- tion of tlie CO. Agriculture is the leading pursuiL Farma 1,53:3 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 1,973, and pop.— wb. 12,102, fr. col. 24, sla. 3,7114— total 15.921). Capital: Troy. I'ubUc Works: Girard and Mobile R. R. Pike county, ^!/-X-. Situate toward the S. W., and con- tains 545 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Little Missouri r. Surface uneven ; .soil fertili-, and adapted Lo grazing. Some cotlon is produced. Farms 207 ; maniii; 2 ; dwell. 3i)G. and pop.— wli. 1,751, fr. col. 0, sla. 110— total 1,801. Capital: Zchiilon. Pike county, G'l. Situate W. centrally, and contains 883 .sq. m. Flint r. runs on its W. bonier, by brandies of which it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and well adapted to cotton, which is the chief production. Wheat, corn, and potatoes are raised in large quaniities. Apples, pears, and other friiiis are also proilaeed in the co. Pine and other tim- ber is grown iu the land. It contains .some minerals. Farms Sii7; raanuf. 21; dwell. 1.474, and pop.— wh. S,iiSO, fr. col. t)l, sla. 5,55S— total 14,305. Capital: Zebulon. I'uUic Wcrks : Macon and Western R. K. Pike county. III. Situate W., and contains 735 sq. m. Drained by allluents of llbnois r., which bounds it on the E., and of the Mississippi, which forms its W. boundary, and which supply go(»d water-power. Surface level, and in tho W. low ; soil fertile. Chief productitms wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are exported. Pine and orher timber abound. Farms 1,3S2; manuf. 37; dwell. 3,152, and pop.— •wh. 18.7S5, fr. col. 34— total 1S.S19. Capital: Pitlsfield. Pike county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains .323 sq. m. Drained by Paloka cr. and its S. branch. Surface rolling; soil generally fertile, being a deep and rii-h loam, and very jiroduetive ; in thu etuiieru portion it U indilTerent, and cov- ered with limber. Chief productions wiieat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Pork and beef are exported. It contains fine beds of coal. Farms 9li9 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 1,261, and pop. — wli. 7.710, fr. col. 10— total 7.720. Cipital: Petersburg. I'nhlir. Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. Pike county, Ay. Situate E„ and contains 563 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of Big Sandy river and its branches. Surface hilly ami in pans mountainous, the Cumberland Uaiige bounding it on the S. E. ; soil in general fertile. Chief proiluction'* cotton, tobacco, and Indian com. Farms 44S; mauuf. 5; dwell. 905, and pop.— wh, 5,250, fr. col. 17 si. 9S— U)tal 5.3ti5. Capit^d: IMketon. Pike county, J//*9. Situate S. toward the W., and con- tains S46 .sq. m. Drained by Bogue Chiltf) river and ha branches, and Tangiapaho r., which enters Lake Pontchar- train in /."., the Uiijoiniug State. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of rice and cotton, whi r.. 61 m. S. by E. Columbus. It is 24 m. above the mouth of the r.. on tlie opposite side of which is the Ohio Canal, and contains a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, and €90 inhabitants. The Cincinnati. Hilldboro'. and Parkcrs- 673 burg R. R. passes through it, 96 m. E. of Cincinnati. The "P. JonrnaP" (whig) is published weekly. Pike Township, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : on Manatawny creek, 61 m. E, by N. Harrisburg. Here are 2 forges, which in 1S49 made 240 tons ofblooms. Pike Vallev, p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 112 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. PiKEviLLE. p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ala.: about 3 m. E. of Bullahalchife r., 143 m. N. W. Montgomery. It con- tains the CO. buildings, several stores, and 250 iidiabilants. PiKEViLLE, p. v., Chickasaw county, Mi&ti.: US ui, N. E. Jackson. PiKEViLLE, p. v., and cap. Bledsoe co., Tenn. : on the W. side of Sequatcby r., 92 m. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains the county buildings and 300 inhabitants. PiLATKA, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Flor. : on the W. side of St. John's river, ITS m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat 29° 3S'. It is the place of re-shipment of the exports of the Upper St. John's and Ocklawaka rivers, and has regular steamboat connection with Savannah and Charleston, The exports arc sugar, cotton, rice, etc., for the production of which the cane-brake marshes of the St John's are so famous. It has recently been made a port of delivery. PiLciiER, p. o., Belmont co., Ohio: lOG m. E. Columbus. Pillar Point, p. o., Jefferson co., 2^. Y. : on a peninsula on the N. side of the mouth of Black r., 146 m. N.W. by W. Albany. Pillow, p. c, Dauphin co., Penn. PiLLOwviLLK, p. o., Weakly county, Tenn.: 104 m. W. Nashville. Pilot, p. v., Vermillion co., III. : 4 m. N. of Vermilllou river, 95 m. E. by N. Springfield. Pilot Gkove, p. o., Lee co., Ia. : 63 m. S. Iowa City. Pilot Gco-ve, p. o., Hancock co., lU.: 92 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Pilot Grote, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: 44 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Pilot Grove, p. o., Grayson co., Tex. : on a small head stream of East Trinity r., 233 m. N. by E. Austin City. Pilot Hill, p. v., and cap. Fulton county, Ark. : 110 ra. N. by E. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings and several stores. Pilot Dill. p. c, Mason co.. Til. : 43 m. N.W. Springfield. Pilot Knob, St. Francois co., Mo. : 21 m. S. S. E. Potosi ; a mountain of iron, 1,500 feet high. See Missouri, p. 493, Pilot Knob, p. o., Todd co., A>. ; 153 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort. Pilot Knob, p. o., Crawford co., III.: 119 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Pilot Peak, ITtah Ter.: a h)fty peak in the range of mountains between Great Salt Lake and the Humboldt River Mountains. PiNCKNEY, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 30 m. S. E. by E. Lansing. PiNCiiNEY. p. v., Warren co., Mo.: ou the N. side of the Missouri, 51 in. E. by N. Jefierson City. PiNCKNEY, p. a, Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. S. by W. Nashville. PI^"CKNEY^^LLE, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : on the Hilla- bie Hatchie, a W. afliucnt of Tallapcmsa r., 52 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. PiNrKNKYviLi.E. p. V., Gwinuett CO., Ga. : on the S. side of ChatlaliooL-hie r., 91 m. N. W. Milledgcville. PiN(iKNKvviLi.n, p. v., and cap. Perry co., III.: on Big Beaucoup cr., a N. branch of Big .Muddy r., 124 ni. S. by E. Springfield. U conlains a court-house, jail, high-school, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. PiNCKNEYviLLE, p. V., Unik, p. v., Morris co., N. Jer. Passaic r., 4S ra. N. E. by N. Trenton. Pine Cf.eek, p. o., Calhoun co,, Mich. the St. Joseph's, 53 m. S. W. Lansing. Pine Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 9S m. N. by W. Barrisburg. Pine Creek, p. o., Ogle co., III. : on a "W". affluent of Euck r., 153 m. N. Sprinijjfleld. Pine Flat, p. c, Bossier parish, Ixi. : 195 m. N. "SV. B;iton Rouge. Pine Grove, p. o., SL Tammany par.. La.: on the E. Bide of Tangipahoa r., 47 m. E. Baton Rouge. Pine Grove, p. o., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 153 m. W. by S. All)any. Pine Grove, p. 0., Gallia co., Ohio : 82 m. S. E. by 8. Columbus. Pine Grote, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Pejrn.: 81 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Swatara cr. and branches, which supply abundant water-power. Surface niountiuu- ous. and heavily timl)ered ; soil best fitted fur grazing. The v. is on the cr., along which a navigable feeder of the Union Canal extends S. W. to its junction, and a branch railroad N. to the Mine llill R. R. and the coal region. It contains a spacious basin for canal boats, 8 or 10 stores, and G12 in- habitants. A furnace of 1,200 tons capacity is 2 m. distant, and another of 1.900 tons G m. distnnt In 1S49, 7S.290 tons, and in lS5il, 62,S09 tons of anthracite coal were shipped from this point. The capital invested in the coal mines in this t, is $27,000 ; monthly wages paid, $2,024 ; annual pro- duct. $37,000. PiNF. Grote, p. o., Clark county, Ky. : 43 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Pine Grote, p. o., "Wetzel county, Vir{/. : 219 m. N. "W. Richmond. Pine Grove Mills, p. o.. Centre co., P^rin. : on a branch of Bald Eagle cr., 61 m. N.W. by W. Ilarrisburg. Near the mills, in Huntingdon county, is a furnace of 1,S00 Ions capacity. Pise Hill. p. o., "WUcox county, Ala. : 53 m. W. S. "W. Montiromery. Pine Hill. p. c, York co., Penn. Pine Hill. p. v., Talbot co., Oa. : on Upatoi cr.. and near the Muscogee R. R., 92 m. W. S. W. Mi!lcdu"-villi'. Pine Hill, p, o., Washita par.. La.: 149 ni. N. N. W. Baton Pkouge. Pine Hill, p, Albany. Pine Utll, p. ProvidciK-e. Pine Hill, p. o., Rusk county, Tex. : 212 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. PisB Hook, p. v.. Grant county, Wisc^. : 73 ra. W. .S. "W. Madison. Pine Lake, p. o., Oakl.-md county, Mick.: 62 m. E. by S. Lansing. Pine Land, p. o., Meigs county, Tenn. : 115 m. E. 8. E, Nashville. Pine Level, p. c, Montgomery co., Ahu : near Ilie source of Coloiua cr., 26 ra. S. E. Montgomery. o., Ulster county, 2i'. Y. : 48 m. S. W. v., "Washington co., P. I.: 21 m. S. W. ■ on the N. fork of Silver Ga.: 132 N. W. Fauquier co., Ytrg. : 76 m. N. N. W. Pine Lipk, p. o., Clark co., I)ui. , cr.. 83 m. S. by E. Indianapohs. Pine Log, p. o., Cass county, Mitledgeville. Pine Meadow, p. o., Litchfield co., Cofin. Pine Plain, p. o., Montcalm co., Mich. : 39 ni. N. N. W. Lansing. Pine Plains, t. and p. v.,T>uches3 county, X. Y.: 44 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Chicomico and Wappinger's creeks, the latter rising in a pond in this t. Surface an extensive plain, with high hills on the E. and W. ; soil sandy or gravelly Innm. and very fertile. A farming and gnizing t., with various small manufactories. The V. contains a bank, a half dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1.416. Pine Plains, p. o.. Ocean county, K Jer.: 23 m. S. E, Trenton. Pint; Riter, p. o., Marquette co., IFwc. ; 52 ra. N. N. E. Madison. PiNEE'a Gross Roads, p. o., Kenton county, K//. ; 53 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. Pine's Bridge, p. o., Westchester county, N. Y. : 91 m. S. Albany. Pine Street, p. o.. Elk county, Perm.: lOS m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Pine Town, p. v.. Cherokee co., Te,r. : 102 ni. E. N. E. Austin City. Pine Tree, p. o., Upshur co., Teo^. : 2^6 m. N. E. Austin City. Pfne "Valley, p. o., Chemung co., N". Y. : 1.")7 m. W. by 8. Albany. Pine Yallet, p. o., Warren co., Penn.: 163 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pine Yiew, p. Richmonil. PiNKV7LLE, p. v., Mnrcngo co.. Ala.: about 4 m, E. of Tombigee r.. 103 m. W. by S. Montgomery. PiNEviLLE, p. o., Gloucester co., JV. Je/\ : 41 m. S. W. by S. Trenton. PiNEviLLE, p. 0., Bossier parish. La.: 203 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. PiNEviLLE, p. v., Marion co., Oa. : 105 m. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. PiNEviLT.K, p. v., M'Donald county, 3fo. : 176 m. S. W. Jefferson City. PiNEvii.LE, p. o., Smith county, J/m. ; 41 m. E. S. E. Jackson. PiNEViLLE, p. v., Bucks couutv, Penii. : 97 mites E. Harrisburg. ■ PiNEviLi.E. p. v., Charleston disf., K Car. : about 6 m. S. ofSantee r., 71 ra. S. E. by E. Columbia. Pine Woods, p. n., Madison co., PL : 73 ra. S. by W. Springfield. PiNET, p. o.. Johnson CO., Arl: : on a N. afHuent of the Arkansas r.. 76 m. N. W. Little Rock. Piney Creek, p. o„ Carmll co., M(K : on an affluent of Monocicy r. so called. rA m. N. W. Aimapoliy. Piney Grove, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 54 m. S. S. E. Raleinh. PiNORER Grove, p. o., Kane co., PK : 169 in. N. N. E. Springfield. Pink Hill, p. o., Marshall co., Miss.: 169 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pink Hill, p. o., Lenoir co., IT. Car. : 62 m. E. 8. E. * Raleigh. PiNKSEY. t. and p. a, Lewis co., 2i. Y. : 129 m. N.W. by W. Albanj". Drained by f)<'er and Sandy creeks. Surface mostly even ; soil a f'Ttile. sandy, or clayey loam. A fine grazing t., well timbered. P()p. 1.20S. Pinnellville, p. v., Jones co., Mis--i. .' 77 m. S. E. by E. Jackson. Pin Oak, p. o., Dubuque county, la. : 67 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. 679 PIX PIT PiNTLALA, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. ■ On Pinllala cr., a S. tributary of Alabama r., 12 m. S. by W. Monli^mnery. Pi>-tlee"s Coexebs, p. o., Ottawa t-ounty, JIuh.: 73 m. W. by N. Lansing. Piny, p. o., Clarion county, reiin. : 142 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. Pcs'Y GuEEN, p. 0., Onslow CO., y. Car.: 89 m. S. K. Kaleigh. • Pioneer, p. o., Greene county, Jll. : 49 miles S. W. SpringfieM. PiONEEK, P.O., Williams county, O/iiv: 139 m. N. W. Ck>lumbu8. Pioneer Grove, p. v., Cedar co., Ja. : 23 m. N. E. by N. Iowa City, Pioneer Mills, p. o., Cabarras county, J\1 Car.: 106 in. W- by S. Kaleigh. Pipe Creek, p. o., Madison co,, Ind.: on a N. affluent of W. fork of White r., 3G m.,N. N. E. ludiaiiapolis. PiPERSviLLE, p. c, Bucks CO., Pctiti. : on the 8. side of Tnhickon cr., 4 m. W. of Delaware river, 92 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Pipe Stone, t. and p. o.. Berrien county. Mid/. : 107 m. S, W. by W. Lansing. Draint-d by Pipestone cr. of the SU Joseph's. Surface rolling; 8lonial wars, formerly occupied the site on which the city n"W stands. At the clos^of the Eevolulionary War it was still but an insignificant vulage. In 17S4. the grnund, which btdniigcd to ihe heirs of Pcnn, was laid out into town Inis. and two years later the village contained about KiO dwell- ing's. It «as constituted the capital of ^Uleghany county in 1791. In 17D6, its population amounted to 1,3^5. Among the public buildings of Pittsburgj the Court-house is ciinspicuous. It is a handsome building of Grseco-Doric architecture, 165 feet long and lOO feet deep, and the height of the dome 14^5 feet from the ground. About $2OO,U0O were expended on its construction. The Roman Catholic Cathe- dral, on Grant's Hill, is also a noble edifice, and many of the otiier churches, between 70 and SO in number, are in the best style of ecclesiastical building. It contains, besides, 4 large banking houses, several insurance ofBccs, 3 murkL-t- housc3, a well furnished museum, numerous large and si)lendid hotels, railroad depflts, etc. The Western Uni- versity of Pennsylvania is located here, and numerous as- sociations, wliich afford groat conveniences to the inhabil- an(d in literary and scientific pursuits. As a manufacturing city, Pittsburg is second in the State only to Philadelphia, and h:is, perhaps, no competitor in the branchi-s of industry which are carried on in its work- shops. It is the IJirmingham of America. In 1S50 it had IS rolling-mills, with a eapiUil of $5,0ii0,0li0, employing 2.5ini hands, consuming 00,000 tons of pig nu'tal. and producing annually bar iron and nails ti the value of $4,oii0,0n0 ; 3o large foundries, with several smaller ones, wiili an aggre- gate capital of $2,000,000 and 2.50n h.in,00n annually ; 8 flint-glass numufactoriL-s —capital $:!00 000,'hiinds500. and producing various iirtit-les of glass, in the manufacture of which 150 tons lead and 200 toTis pearl asli are used, to the value of |40(),000 annually; 7 phial furnaces and 11 window-glass factories— capiial $2o".000, hands 600. and annual products f Gou.OOO ; 1 so,000,000 and $60,1.100,000 annually. There are consumed about 12,000,000 bushels of coal annually, worth $6OO,0nO, and an equal . quantity is exported from the city, giving employment con- stantly to 4,000 hands. As a trading marl. Pittsburg has many advantages. At tlie junction of two great rivers and at the head of tlie no- ble Ohio, it has access by water to the whole valley drained by the tributaries of the Mississippi. With the Atlantic sea-board ii has connection by means of Llie Pennsylvania Canal and Kailroad, over which an immense transit and int^-rnal commerce is carried on, and its connection with Lake Erie is provided for. Westward long lines of railroad bring it into juxtaposition with all the great ciiics in that direcliarel, and all the luxuries of the tal>le and liouso- ln)ld, arc not surpassed by those of even the palaces of New York and Philadelphia. The amount rtf business transacted is immense and ever incrc.asing. Pittsburg has also a large wholesale trade, and many western merchants make up their stocks at this point, instead of traveling to the ureat cities of the sea-board. There are four hanks in the city- capital $2,41S,ii(m. Pittsburg is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and com- mon council; its police is excellent, and crime and destitu- tion less frequent than in most idhcr targe places. Perhaps this freedom from social evils may be atlributed chiefly to the prosperity of the manufaeturcs and trades. Ii has a well organized Are department, and numerous military companies, many of which are uniformed and well drilled. The streets, stores, and dwellings are ligbteil \vi(l\ gas, which is manufactured fn'iu bituminous coal, and water is supi)lied from tin- Alleghany river by means of machuiery, and disirilmted through iron pipes. For civil purposes Ihe city is divided into nine wards. The value of taxable property in the city inlSSl amonntx?d to $65.0i)n.(ioO. The means of education providcl in the city are ample. In l>5o there were 36 public schools, and 10 olliers were being built; teachers. 71— males 19, aud females 53; schol- ars. 5,144— males 2.5S3. and females 2.5G1 ; cost of instruc- lion. $17..*'ii6. of which $2,304 was from the Slate school fiui'l, and Ihe remainder raised by laxation. These schools are conducted under the general law. There an- also other academics, seminaries, grammar schools, etc., chiefly pri- vate esljdilishmeula, at which large numbers of children are educated. The i^criodif^al pr^^s of Pittsburg consists of 11 daily newspapers, 2 tri-w./ekliis, 17 weeklies, 1 semi-inontlily, and 2 moniblies. The dailies are, the "P. G:izette'' (whig), the '-Morulng I'ost" (dem.). the "i*taats Zeitung" (whig) the '■ P. Courier," the *• Tribune and Express" (indep.), ihe •M'hronicle," the "Commercial Journal"' (whig), the "Dis- patch'' (indep.), the "Transcript aud Commen-ial Adver- tiser," the "P.American" (whig), and the "Daily News." CSl PIT PIT The th-weoklies are, the "P. Gazette" and "Commercial Journal." editions of the dailies of the eame title ; the week- lies are. the *• P. Gazette," the "Saturday Post,'' the "Staats Zei'iung:." the " Commercial Journal," the "Dispiitch," and the "P. American," editions of dailies, "Der Freiheits l^reiind," the "P. Mercury," the *' Iron City" (lit), the » " American Protestant" (relig.), the " Ledger," the " Chris- tian Herald" (Meth.), the "Saturday Visitor" (lit.), the " rreshyt^-rian Advocate," the " Preaclier," the "P.Chris- tian Advocate" (Meth.); the semi-monthly is the "Priend of Missions," and the monthlies are "Sibbet's Western Re- view" and the " Missionary." The population of Pittsburg: in 1810 was 4,T6S ; in 1S20, 7,248; in 1530,1-2,563; in 1^0,21,115; and in 1S50, 46,601. In these sums the population of tho city proper is only stated. The city, including its metropolitan district, in 1850 contained SG,7T1, and in January, 1853, 110,241 inhab- itants. AU^ghany City^ the principal suburb, of which a brief mention has been made in its alphabetical order, is in itself a considerable place. It enjoys the same facilities for manu- factures, commerce, and interna! trade as Pittsburg, but perhaps not in so advantageous a degree, and is occupied chiefly ui the same pursuits. Here is assembled a popula- tion of 21.261 8*)uls; in 1830 the city contained only 2,801, and in 1840, 10.0s9 inhabitants, being an increase of 260.2 per cent, and the increase in the decade ending 1850, was 110.7 per cent Alleghany, indeed, has at tlie latter date the same population as Pittsburg had in 1840. The "West- em Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located in Alleghany, and is a very expensive edifice. The Western Theological Seminary (Presb.) is also established here. It occupies a commanding eminence, overlooking the surrounding coun- try. The building is 150 feet long, tho centre being 4 stories and the wings 3 stories high. There are about 30 churches in the city, several of them large and elegant structures. The city has a considerable commercial and manufacturing interest. Hardware and cutlery, iron work of all kinds, machinery, cotton goods, and numerous other valuable mnnufacturea are produced. The whole manufactaring capital of the place is nearly $4,000,000, and goods to a great value are annually produced. It is divided into 4 wards, and is governed by a mayor and common council. In 1S.50 it had 27 common schools, with 42 teachers and 3,270 schol- ars — 1.730 males, and 1.540 females. Bimnngham borouarh is another important suburb. It is on the 9. side of the Monongahela, alu'Ut 1 ni. distant from the centre of Pittsburg. It has considerablo manufactures of iron, glass, pottery, etc., and a population of 3,742. A bridge and a ferry connect it with the city. Soitth Pittti- htirg, adjoining it on tlie W., hiis 1,SS3 inhabitants, and jR/«t Biniiinrjhinn has 1,694 inhabitants. Jlunch^^tei^ on the W. of Alleghany City, has 1,775. LmcrencevfUe, on the Alleghany, abnve Pittsburg, 1,746, and Sharpsburg, higher up on the opposite side the river, 1,220 inhabitants. Pittsburg, i. and p. o., Coos co., JV^ liainp. : in the ex- treme N. of the State, 132 m. N. by E. Concord. It oom- prises a large territory of rugged surface, densely wooded, and contains Connecticut lake, and several head streams of the Connecticut Pop. 425.- PiTTSFiELD, p. v., atid cap. Pike co., J?/. ; 64 m. W. by S. Springfield. It lies on the liigli land between the Mis- sissippi and the Illinois, about 11 m. W. of the latter, and has a healthy location and a growing trade. It contains a court-limise, jail, academy, and 15 or 20 stores. The " Pike County Free Press" (whig), and *' The Union" (dem.), are issued weekly. PnrsFiELD, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfnnti. ; 114 ra. W. Boston. Lat N. 42° 26' 55", long. W. 73° 15' 36". Surface of t is elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil ferUIe loam. Drained by Housatonic r. anelier. Drained by branches of Otter cr.. whirh flows through and furnishes much water-power. Surface uneven, but not rugged ; soil sandy or cl.iyey loam, and very fer- tile. Wool-growing is a leading interest Marltle and iron ore are ainmdant The v. contains several stnres, ani46. Pitt's Point, p. a, Bullitt Co., Ky.: 52 m. W. S. "W. Franlifort. PiTTSTON, t. and p. v., Kennebec connty, M^. : on the E. Bide of Kennebec r., 7 m. S. by E. Augusta. Surface pleas- antly diversified ; soil very pniductive. A superior farming; and gr.miwf t.. wilh a sufficiency of water-power, abnn'l- ance of timber, and a brisk river trade. The v. is in the N. W., on the r. Pop. of t. 2,S23. PiTTSToN Ferry, p. o., Luzerne county, renn. : on the Suaquchiinna, at the month of Lackawannoc creek, 91 m. N. E. by N. Ilarrifbur^. PiTTSTows, p. v., Hunterdon co., K. Jer. : 26 m. N.^W. by N. Trenton. It is on a W. affluent of the S. branch of Raritan river, which moves several mills in the vicinity. PiTTSTowN, I. and p. v.. Rensselaer co., K. Y. : 21 m. N. E. Albany. Drained by Tomhenick cr., and in the N. by Hoosic river, which furntsli fine water-power. Surface un- even, and in parU broken; S'»il loam, mixed with sand or gravel, and productive under good cultivation. It has nu- merous marnifactories of cotton and woolen goods, lumber, etc. The Troy and Rutland R. R., and Troy and Boston K. R. cr3 is prettv well worked out, and consequently there is not as much

  • ing as formerly. Pop. varies from 2 to 4.000. The houses lire gi-nerally of clapboards. Supplies are obtained from Saerani'-nto. The " El Dorado News'' was iiublished week- ly in l^ii. Plain, I. and p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drainerl by Muddy fork and Killbuck cr. of ■\Valhondiiig r., which furnish numerous mill privileges. Surface varied : soil fcrlile and well tilled. A superior farming t.,conlaining several mauufaclurlng villages. The Ohio and Peiuisylvania R. R. passes through it. pop. 2-."75. Plain, p. o., Greenville district, 5. Car.: 97 m. N. \V. Columbia. Plainfikld, p. o., Bates county, Mo.: 124 m. W. 8. W. Jeff<*rson <'ity. I'LAiNFiF.Ln. t.. p, v., .and sta., Windham co.. Conv.: on E. Bide of Qtiirinebaug r , H9 m. K. by S. Hartford. Braimd by Moosup r.. which affords good water-power. Surfuce mostly even ; soil rich sandy loam. A superior farmini; t.. containing various maimfactories. The Norwich and Wor- cester R. li. crosses the W. part, on which is the sta.. 16 m. N. of Norwich. The Hartford, Providence, and Fijihkill R, K. also crosses it. The v. occupies high ground, and contains a flourishing acadeuiy, founded in J7S3. Popu lationof t. 2.730. Plainfiki.p, p. v., Will co., lU. : on a W. affluent of Des Plaines r., 14S m. N. K. hy N. Springfl.-Id. The crei-k af- fords good water-power, which is ust-il to turn several flour- inir and saw initls. The v. contains a high school, several stores, and ab'iut 600 inhabit;ints. Plainffbld. p. V. and ftt.i., Hendricks co.. Twh : on White Lick cr. .and the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 14 ni. W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road also leads to Indian- apolis. Pi,AixyiF.LD, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/i/.w.; 97 ni. W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of Weslfidd r., which afl'ord water-pr>wer. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil f.Ttile in tlie valleys and generally good paslurage. Many small manufactories are operated. Pop. of t. S14. Plainfieli>, p. v., Li\'ingston co., MiC?i. : 34 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Plainfikld, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K ITamp. : on the Connecticut. 45 m. N. W. Concord. Surface moderately un- even ; soil fertile. Large tracts of meadow border the river antl its affluents. A bridge crosses the river. The Quecchy Falls arc opposite this town. At Meriden village, in the E., is Kimball Union Academy, a large and highly Jiopular in- stitution, incorporated in 1S13. Pop. of t. 1,392. Plainfif.lp, t. and p. v., Essex county, JV". Jor.: 32 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Drained by Green Brook, which forms its W. boundary, and E. by Robin.son's branch of Railway r. Surface mostly even; soil clayey and fertile. The New Jersey Central R. R. passes through the W. part, on which and Green Brook is the v.. 23 m. S. W. New York. It contains an academy, several mills and faelories. and about 1,0(10 inhabitants. The " P. Gazette'' and '■ P. Union*' (whig) are publi.«hed here weekly. Pop. of t. 2,446. Set ()ff from Westfield in 1S-J7. Plainfieij), t. and p. v., Otsego co.,N. Y. : on the E. .'•iile of Unadilhi r., 73 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating, and in parts broken; soil sandy and calcareous loam, and very fertile. Farming and grazing engross attention. Pop- ulation 1,449. PLAiNFFKLn, p. V., Cumberland co., pt^vn. .■ on the S. side of Conetlogwinit cr., 21 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburtr. pLAiNFiriLD. p. v., Coshocton CO.. Ohio: on Wills cr., an E. branch of the Muskingum, 65 m. E. by N. Colunibus. Plainfield. t. and p. v., Washington co., Vi'nn. : 9 m. E. Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which affords water- power. Surface rough ; soil good. It contains a noted mineral spring. Tho village is on the river, where are sev- eral mills. Pop. of t. SOS. Plain Grove, p. o., Laurence county, P'-nn.: 179 m. W. N. W. Harri.sburg. Plainsboro*. p. v., Middlesex county, N. Jer. : 12 miles N. E. by N. Trenton. Plains of Dcra, p. o., Sumter co., Ga.: 102 m. S. W. MiUclgeville. Plainsvii.i.k. p. v., Luz'^rnc co., Peiw. : on Susquehanna r., 91 m. N. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Plain Vifw, p. c, Macoupin oo., Ill : 46 m. S. S. W. Spriuu'fleld. Pi. ATM Vifw, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg.: 2S m. N. E. Richiniind. Plainvii.lk, p. v., TTartford co., Cojni.: 14 m. W. S. W. HarLford. It has a brisk trade, and contains several fur- naces and factories. The Hartford. Providence, and Fish- kill R. II. bi're inlersiM-ls the N<'W Haven and Northampton (ur Canal) 11. R.. 27 m. N. of New Haven. Plainvillr, p. v.. Onondaga co., ^V. }'. .- nhont 1 m. W. of S. neca r. and 2 m. E. of Cross lake, 133 m, W. by N. Albany. Plainville, p. V. and sta., Hamilton co.y Ohio: on the 683 PLA PLE Liitle Miami K. K., 10 m. from Cincinnati, 93 m. S. "W. Cnlumhua. Plainwell, p. 0., Allegan co,, MicJi.,- 61 m. "W. H. W. Lansing. Plaistow, t., p. o., and 8ta., Rockingham co., K. nnmp. ; 37 ni. S. E. Concord. Surface uneven; soil very fertile, a black loam mixed with clay and gravel. The Bostxjn and Maine K. R. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 12 m. S. W. Exeter. Pop. 74S. Plank Road, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. K .* 127 m. W. by N. Albany, Plaxk Road, p. o., "Wayne co., Mich. : 62 m. E. 8. E. Lansing. ForniL-rly Livonia. Planter's, p. o., Attala co., Mi^s.: 72 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Planter's, p. o., Philips ca, Ark. : 9 m. W. of the Mis- sissippi, SG m. E. by S. Little Rock. Planter's IIali.. p. o., Breckenridge county, J^i/.: on Rough cr., 97 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Planter's Stand, p. c, Madison county, Ga. : 76 m. N. Millcdgeville. Planters viLLE, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : on Mulberry cr., a N. affluent of the Albania, 43 ni. W. N. W. Montgomery. Plantsville, sta., New Haven Co., Conn. : 6 m. E. of New Haven, on the New Haven and New London R. R. Plaqukmine parish, La. Situate S. E., and contains 967 sq. m. It is well watered by the Mississippi r., which flows through it from N. to S., forming the delta in its S. portion. Surface in general is low. particularly in the S., whi-re it is subject to inundation from the Gulf of Mexico; the land in most parts being not more than 10 or 12 feet above the Gulf level; soil ijniiffereut, but on the banks of the river arc some fertile tracts, producing hirge quantities of Indian corn, rice, and sugar, which form the chief articles of com- merce. The coast is indented with numerous bays, the principal of which are West,, luist, Ronde, Garden Island, and lilack bays. It also contains some lakes. Farms 205; nianuf. 0; dwell. 615, and pnp.— wh. 2,221, fr. coL 390, si. 4,779— total 7.390. Capital: Fort Jackson. Plaquemine, p. v., Iberville par., La. : on the right bank of the Mississippi, 23 m., by the river, below Baton Rouge. It has a fine situation, is neatly built, and cUrries on a large trade with the rich plantatinns that lie back of it, and ships great quantities of cotton here. It was the former capital of the paristi, and contains about 500 inhabitants. Plaquemine bayou, La.: ati outlet of the Mississippi r., 117 in. above New Orleans. The waters of the Mississippi river only flow through it when that river is at its extreme height. PLAguEMiKE Eeulek, p. o^ St. Landry par.. La. : 67 m. "W. Baton Rouge. Platea, p. o., Erie county, Perm.: 20S miles N. W. Harrisburg. Plato, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 246 m. W. by S. Albany. Plato, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio: 102 m. N. by E. Columbua. Plato, p. v.. Iroquois co., ///. ; on the W. side of Iroquois r., I'il m. N. E. by E. Springfield. Pl\tte eouuty, Mo. Situate W. toward the N.. and con- tains 393 sq. m. Drained by Platte r. and other tributaries of the Missouri, which forms its S. and W. boundary. Sur- face level in general, in the W. it rises, and terminates in high bluffs on the Mississippi ; soil fertile, well adapted to grain and grazing. It has some gnod timber land. Farms 1.651 ; manuf. 64 ; dwell. 2.490, and pop.— wb. 13,997. fr. col. 50. si. 2,T9S— total 16.845. Capital: Platte City. Public Works: Platte County R. E. Platte river. JVeir, Ter. S^e description of Nebraska r. in Nebraska, p. 526. Platte City, p. v., and cap. Platte CO., 3fo.: on Platte river, 18 m. abov<; its entrance into the Missouri, 148 m. "W. N. W. Jefferson City. It contains a courtrhouse, jail, 6&i academy, several stores and manufactories, and 412 inhab- itants. Plattekill, t, and p. v., Ulster co.. A'; Y. : 69:m. S. by "W* Albany. Drained E. by Old Man's kill, and "W", by^ branches of Wallkill. Surface uneven ; soil loam, mixed with gravel and clay. A grazing t., well wooded. The v. is 5 m. W. of the Hudson, and contains several stores. Pop. of t. 1,99S. Platte River, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : on the r. of that name, at the mouth of Castile creek, 147 m. W, N. W. JeflTcrson City. Plattkville, t. and p. v., Grant co., TT/.sc. .• 62 m. W. S. W. Madison. Drained by Little Platte r. Surface uneven, and soil of moderate fertility. It is rich in veins of lead and copper orea, which are extensively and profitably wrought The v., on a branch of Little Platte, was incor- porated in 1S41, and contains an academy, printing-oiSce, a number of large stores, and 800 inhabitants. Platt^rurg, p. v., and cap. Clintijn county. Mo.: on Smith's fork of Platte river, 137 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, 'and 450 inhabitants. pLATTSBirRG.'t., p. v., port, and cap. Clinton co., NI Y.: on W. shore of Lake Champlain, at the head of Cumber- land bay, and on both sides of Saranac river. 147 m. N. Albany. Lat. N. 44° 42'; long. W. 73° 26'. The surface of the town slopes toward the lake ; soil clay loam, and very productive. Drained by Saranac river and Salmon creek. Black marble of excellent quality is quarried in Ilie t. At the V. the Saranac descends by a succession of falls about 40 feet, thus affording very great water-power, which is used by numerous factories of cott(in and woolen goods, tan- neries, and by saw, grist, fulling, marble, and flouring mills, etc. The v. contains the co. buildings, 4 churches, an incor- porated lyceum and academy. Two newspapers are pub- lished weekly, *'P. Republican" (dem.), "Clinton County Wliig'' — the " Nonhera Lancet" (med.), is issued monthly. Here commences the Plattsbiirg and Montreal R. E., 62 m. in length, which is an important avenue of trade. The Plattsburg and "Whitehall R. R. is m construction. Platts- burg is renowned as the scene of a most severe battle dur- ing the late war with Great Britain, on Sept, 11, 1S14, in which the Americans, under Gen. Macomb, achieved a sig- nal victory. At the same time, in the bay, before the v., a great naval victory was won under Com. M'Donongh. A little S. of the village is P. Barracks, an U. S. Military Post Pop. of t 5.G1S. Plattville, p. v., Kendall co., M.: 143 m. N. N. E. Sprini^cfleld. Pleasant, p. o., Switzerland co., lud. : 7S m. S. E. by S. Indi;ifiapoli8. Pleasant, p. c, Kent county, Mich. : 53 m. W. N. "W. Lansing. Pleasant, t and p. o., Putnam co., Ohio: 86 m. N. W. Colundjus. Pop. 714. Pleasant Brook, p. o., Otsego county, y. Y.: 5S m. W. Albany. Pleasant Creek, p. o., Taylor co., Virff. : ISO m. N. W. Richmond. Pleasant Dale, p. c, Hampshire co., Virff.: 147 m. N. N. "W. Richmond. Pleasant Exchange, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : S4 m. "W. by S. Nashville. Pleasant Flat, p. o., M.iAon co., Virg. : 25S m. W. N. "W. Richmond. PucvsANT Gap, p. o., Yernon co., 3fo.: Ill m. Vf. by S. Jeffer.^on City, Pleasant Gap, p. o.. Centre co., Penn. : 66 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pleasant Gap, p. 0. Cherokee co., Ala. : 183 m. N. by E. Montgomery, Pleasant Green, p. o.. Cooper co., 3fo. : about 3 m. E. of La Mine r., 45 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. PLE PLE Pleasant Grove, p. o., Dea Moines co., la. : 49 m. S. 8. E. Iowa City. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Ptclvena co., Ala. : aboutS m. "W. Pipsey r., 106 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Jasper county, //((/.; 94 ni. N. W. by N. Indianapolis. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Effingham county, Ga.: 127 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. Pleasant Grove, p. c, Ohio co., -ffy. .• 116 m. W. S. "W. Friinkfort. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S8 m. 9. W. Ci>Iumbus. Pleasant Grove, p. v., Morris CO., JV'; t/er.; on Schoolcy'a ml., 37 ni. N. by W. Trenton. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Alamance co., iV. Car.: 4G m. N. W. K:ili-igh. Pleasant Grove, p. v., Jracoupin co., J7l. : near the line of tlie Chicago and Mississippi K. E., 25 m. S. by W. Springfield. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 49 m. E. by 9. Harrisburg. Pleasant Grove, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : 5 m. E. of Cumberland, 123 m. W. N. \V. Annapolis. It contains a manufactory of wood types, proof presses, etc., and luO inhabitants. Pleasant Grove, p. o.. Greenville disL, 5!. Ca}\: about 8 m. E. of Ennoree r., 101 in. N. W. (.'olumbia. Pleasant Gkove, p. c, Maury CO., Tenn. : 37 m. S.S. W. Nasliville. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Kenozha county. Wise: 78 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pleasant Grove, p. o., De Soto par.. La.: 1S2 m. N. W. by W. Baton Kouge. Pleasant Grove, p. o., Lunenburg co., Vlrff. : on N. Meherrin r., 61 m. 8. W. by W. Pie-bnioud. Pleasant Gho\'e Mili£, p. o., Fleming co., Ji^. : 67 m. E. by N. Frankfort PU':asant Hill, p. o., Dallas- co., Ala.: 39 m. W. S. "W. Montgomery. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : 3 m. N. of the Arkansas, 107 ra. N. W. by W. Little Kock. Pleasant Uill, p. o., Newcastle county, Del. : S5 m. N. Dover. Pleasant ITill, p. v., Talbot oo_, Ga. : about 4 m. W. of Flint r., SI m. W. by S. Mitif.Igeville. Pleasant Hill, p. v.. Pike co., HI. : on the bluffs about 4 m. E. of Snycartee slough, OS m. "W. S. W. Springfield. Pleasant Hill, p. v., Montgomery county, Iiid.: 54 m. N. W. l>y W. Indianapolis. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lane co., Orer/. Tcr. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Cass co., JA.'.; 1ij9 ra. W. by N. Jefferson Cily. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Northampton co., X. Car. : near the State line, 79 m. N. E. Rak-igh. Pleasant Hill, p. o., De Soto county, Jfiss. : 164 m. N. Jackson. Pleasant Hill, p. a, Miami comity, 0?iU>: 69 m. "W. Columbus. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car. : 40 m. N. N. E. Columbia. Pleasant Hill, p. o., De Soto parish, La. : 1S7 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. Pleasant Hilt., p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 1S9 m. W. by N. Richmond. Pleasant Hill, sla., Greenville CO., Vlrg,: 12 m. K, of Weldon, on the Petersburg R. R. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Hopkins county, Tex.: 245 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Pleasant lake, A1 Y.: in Lake Pleasant t, Hamilton CO., 3 m. long.l to IJ ra. wide, abounding with fine fish, and of much resort by amateurs. Pleasant Lane, p. o., Edgefield district, S. Car. : 5S m. "W. S. W. Columbi.x Pleasant Mills, p. v., Adams co., TtifL : on St. Marj'3 r., 94 m. N. E. Indi-anapolis. A plank-road follows the r. N. W. to Fort Wayne. Pleasant Mount, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 142 m. N". Jackson. Pleasant Mount, p. o., Miller county. Mo, : 23 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. Pleasant Mount, p. v., "Wayne co., Pfnn.: on a N. branch of Lnckawaxen r, 122 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Brunswick county, Viry.: 5S m. S. by W. Richmond. Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Mecklenburg co., iV; Ca/r.: IIS m, W. S. "W. Raleigh. Pleasanton, p. v., Athens county, Ohio : 68 m. S. E. Culumbns. Pleas ANTON, p.v., Itawamba co., Miss. : 178 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Pleasant Park, p. o., Carroll county. Mo. : S2 m. N. "W. JelTerson City. Pleasant Plain, p. o., Jefferson co., la. : 38 m. S. 8. W. Iowa City. Pleasant Plain, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 85 m. S. AV Columbus. Pleasant Plains, p. o.. Independence co., Ark. : C4 m. N. E. by N. Little Koek. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Sangamon co., lU. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 71 m'. 8. by E. Nashville. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Scott co., Mo. : on the N. point of the tongue of land separating lakes St. Mary and St, John, 172 m. S. P:. by E. Jefferson City. Pleasant Plains, p. o.. Duchess co., 2^. Y. : 55 m. S. Albany. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Cumberland co., A^. Car,: 51 m. S. S. "W. Raleigh. Pleasant Prairie, p. o., Greene county, Mo. : 95 m. 9. S. W. Jefferson Cily. PtEASANT Retreat, p. o., Lumpkin co.. Ga.: 121 m. N. N.W. Milledgeville. Pleasant Retreat, p. o., Scotland co.. Mo. : 131 m. N. Jeflerson City. Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Greene co,, Ala. : about 3 m. S, of Sipsey r.. 112 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Pleasant Riuge, p. o., Tippah co.. Mists. : 1S3 nL N. N. K. Jackson. Pleasant Ridge, p.o., Greene county, Ind. : 63 m. S.W. Indianapolis. Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Hot Springs co., Ark. : 46 m. S. W. by 8. LitUe Itock. Pleasant Ridge, p.o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 97 ra. 8. W. by W. Columbus. Pleasant Run, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 9S dl 8.W. by W. Columbus. Pleasant Run. p. o., Dallas co., Tex. : on a W. branch 4)f Trinity r. so called, 173 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Pleasant Shade, p. o., Smith co., Tenn. : 47 m. E. by N. Nashville. Pleasant Shade, p. v.. Perry ca. III. : on the "W. side of Little Muddy cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 ra. S. by E. SprinL'fleld. Pleasant i?ite. p. o., Franklin county, Ala. : 162 ra. N. W. by N. M'lntgoraery. Pleasant Spring, p. o., Howard county, //«/. ; 47 m. N. Indianapolis. Pleasant TInitt, p. v., Westmoreland co, Penn. : on the "W. side of Chestnut Ridge, 131 in. W. Harrisburg. Pleasant Vale, p. v., Pike co., LU. : on the bluffs, about 5 m. E. of the Mississippi, "tS m. W. by S. Springfield. On Key's cr., near the v., is a salt spring, 20 feet in diameter, forming a pond from which salt is made, but not to a very large amount. Pleasant Vallet, p. o,, Chittenden co.. Term. : 37 m. N. W. Montpelier. 635 PLE PLT Pleasant Valley, p. n., Washington co., Ala. : abuut 3 m. W. of Tombigl)ee r., 119 ra. W. S. W. Montgomery. Plfasant VALLEy, p. v., Litchfield county, C(mn.: 19 m. W. N. W. Hartford. Pleasant Valley, p. o., Yell co., A?'k.: on the 8. side of Magazine Mountain, 69 m. W. N. W. Little liock. Pleasant Valley, p. c, Soolt co., la. : about 2 m. "W. of the Mississippi, 5G m. E. by S. Iowa City. Pleasant Valley, p. v., Jo Daviess co., lU. : on the W. side of Plura r., 114 m. N. by W. Springfield. Tlie Galena and Chicago Union R. K. passes a few miles N. of it. Pleasant Valley, p. o., Sussex co., N. Jer,: 51 m. N, Trenton. Pleasant Valley, p. o., Morgan county, Ohu> : 62 m. E. 3. E. Columbus. Pleasant Valley, ata., Muskingum co., Ohio: 7 m. W. of Zanesville. on the Central Ohio 11. R. Pleasant Valley, t. and p. v., Duchess co., N. T. : 62 m. S. Albany. Drained by Wappinger's creek and branches, which lurnish many water privileges. Surface various, in parts mucli broken ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and mostly fertile under cultivation. A grazing t,, with valuable manufacLures of flour, cotton goods, etc. The v. is on the cr., and contains a cotton facU^ry and other mills, and about 700 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,226. Pleasant Valley, p. o., Bucks CO., Penn.: on Durham Creek, 86 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Pleasant Valley, p. o.. Lam-aster disL, S, Cai'. : on an E. branch of Caiawba r., 74 m. N. Columbia. Pleasant Valley, p. c, Wayne co., Tenn,: 87 m. S. W. Nashville. Pleasant Valley, p. o., "Wriglit co., Mo. : S3 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. Pleasant Valley, p. c, Fairfax coimty, Virg. : 92 m. N. Kiohraund. Pleasant Valley Mills, p. o., Nicholas co., JSy, ; 65 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Pleasant View, p. o., Juniata county, Penn.: 84 m. W. N. W. Uarrisburg. Pleasant View, p. v., Shelby co., Iiid.: on the W. side of Sugar er.. 14 m. S .E. Indianapolis. A plank-road passes through to Indianapolis. Pleasant View, p. o., Jackson county, Virff.: 24S m. W.N. W.Richmond. Pleasant View, p. o., Schuyler co., III. : 53 m. W. N. W. Springfield. • Pleasant View, p. o., Darlington dist., S. Car.: 59 m. E. by N. Columbia. Pleasantvillb. p. V. and sta., Westchester co., y. Y. ; on the E. side <»f Saw Mill r., 97 m. S. Albany. The ata. is 34 ra. N. of New York, on the Harlem R. E. Pleasantville. p. v., Rockingham co., iV. Car. : 91 m. N. W. by W. Raleigh. Pleasantville, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: 27 m. E. S. E. C*iliinibus. Pleasantville, p. v., Marion co., la. : about 5 m. S. of the Des Moines, 90 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Pleasantville, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 89 m. E. Uarrisburg. Pleasantville, p. v., Ilarford co.. Md. : on the E. side of Little Gunpowder Falls, 87 m. N. by E. Annapolis. It contains several mills. ' Pleasantville, p. v., Hickman co., Tenn,: on Cane cr., an ?;. braneh of IJuffalo r., 57 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. Pleasant Woons, p. o., Delaware county, Ind.: 47 m. E. N. E. Indianapidis. Pleasureville. p. v. and sta., Ilenry county, Kt/. : 18 m. N. W. by W. Frankfort. On the Louisville and Frankfort R. R., 45 m. E. of I^iuisville. pLKNiTi-DE, p. o., Anderson co., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. pLrais. p. v., Jefferson co., 3^. F. ; about 5 m. S. of St. Lawrence r., 148 m. N. W. Albany. « 686 Flint, p. o., Greenville dist, S. Car.: 98 m. N.W.by W. Columbia. Puny, p. o., Putnam county, Virff.: 248 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Ploveb, t,, p. v., and cap. Portage county, Wise: 101 m. N. by W. Madison. Drained by Wisconsin r.. and several branches, Big Plover r., an E. branch, beins the chief. It has a productive soil, and excellent waler-power. The v. is near the confluence of the Big Plover and Wisconsin, and is the CO. seat. Pop. of t. 462. Plowden's MiLiB, p. o., Sumter district, S. Car.: on a W. branch of Black r., 49 m. E. S. E. Columbia. Pluokemin, p. v., Somerset co., IT. Jer. : 29 m. N. by E. Trenton. Plum, p. o., Cook co., lU. : ISl m. N. N. W. Springfield. Plum island, 3^ K ." off Oyster Pond Point, a narrow gut separating it frnm Long L-^land. It is 3 m. long and a mile wide, and on its W. end is a lighthouse. The surface ia stony and bare of trees. It belongs to the t of Southhold, Suff.ilk CO. Plu-m Bayou, p. o., Jefferson co., ArJc. : 29 m. S. 8. E. Liille Rock. Plum Bkook, p. o., Macomb co., MicJi. : 69 m. E, by 8. Lansing. Plu.mb Ckeek, p. o., Caldwell county, Tetr. : on a branch of the San Marcos, so called, 26 m. S. S. E. Austin City. Plum Creek, p. o., Clinton county. Mo. : on a branch of Crooked r., 126 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson City. PLUMER. p. o., Venango co., Penn. : 165 m. N. W. by W. Uarrisburg. Plum Ghove, p. o., Blount CO., Tenn.: 161 m. E. S. E. Nashville, Plum Hill, p. o., Washington county, lU. : 95 m. S. Springfield. Pli'mmer's Mill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky.: 69 m. E. of Frankfort. Plum River, p. o., Jo. Daviess co.. III. : on W. Plum r., 119 m. N. by W. Springfield. Plumsteadvili.e, p. v.. Bueks co., Penn. : 94 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. The t. of Plnmstead is drained by Tohiokon and Nesharaing creeks, and has a hilly surface with a soil of sandy loam. There are several mills on these creeks. Pop. of t 2,187. Plymouth county, Ta. Situate toward the N. W., and contains about 9i'0 sq. m. Drained by Floyd's r.. a tributary of Sioux, whieh f -rms its S. W. boundary. Surface un- dulatuig. the larger portion is prairie; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. Plymouth county, Mafis. Situate S. E., and contains 640sq. ra. Drained by North r., and branches of Taunton r. Surfat-e generally level ; soil productive, and in some parts very fertile, and ihe culiivation of the land is much attended to. Iron ore abounds in some regions, and there are some t'Xiensive faetorirs connected therewith. Chief products, wheal, Indian ctrn. and pnlatoea, A large quantity of salt is prmliiped in ihis eo. Fishing is much followed by the inhabilanls. Farin.s 2,447; raanuf. 511; dwell. 9,506. and pt.p.~wh. 5.i.22n. free col. 477— total 55.697. Oipital: Plymouih. PuNi<' Hor/-.v.- Old Colony R. R. ; Fall River R. R.; tape Cod Branch E. K. ; Bridgewaler Branch R. R.. etc. Pl\mih-th, t., p. v., and sta,, Litchfield eo., Conn. : on the E. si.Ie nf Naiigaliick r.. 21 m. W. by S. Harlford. Drained by alllufiils itf the r., which afford gnnd water-power. Sur- face hilly: soil gmvelly loam, well fitted for grazing. It manufactures cotioii an- ductions, Indian corn and oats. Farms 353; manuf. 4; dwell. 553, and pop.— wh. 8,308, fr. col. 23, si. 267— total 3.593. Cupiful : Hunlersville. PooAcoNTAS. p. v., an m. S. Spring- field. It is on the Mississippi and Atlantic R. R., 124 ra. W. by S. Terre Haute. PocAsSKT, p. v., Barnstable en.. JA/m-.; on the E. side of Buzzard's bay. 6:3 ni. S. S. E. Bosi..n. Pocket, p. o., Moore co., X Cur.: on a S. branch of Deep r., 41 m. \V. S. W. Raleigh. Poi-oMOKE river and bay, JA'. .- the river rises in Cypress Swamp, on the line between Delaware and Maryland, and runs in a S. W. direction 7it m. to pneomoke Itay, an arm of Chesapeake bay. It is navigable fur small vessels to Snowhill. PncoTALTOA, p. o., Beaufort dist., **?. Car.: on a small slre:mi of that name flowing into Broad r., 73 m. S. Co- lundjia. 6ST POC POL PocoTALTGO, p. o., K.inawha to., Virg.: on the river of that name, '23i3 m. W. N. W. Richmond. PocoTAUGO rivyr, S. Car. : a tributary of the Black r. from the norih-west. PocoTALioo river, Kanawha co., Vit'ff.: rises in Gilmer county, and after a S. "W. course of 60 m., through a district abounding in biluminouB coal and iron ore, for ono-lhird of whicli it is boatable, empties into the Great Kanawha, about 10 ni. lYom its mouth. PoE-STESKiLL, t. aiul p. V., Eenssolacr co., 2^. Y.: 9 m. E. N. E. Albany. Drained by branches of the Poestenkill, which supply good mill-sites. Surface hilly and broken; soil mostly grazing land. It has valuable deposits of marl and several uiarmfacturing establishments. The v. contains several mills and factories. Pop. of t. 2,092. Pof:sTENKiLL flvcr, 2i. T. : rises in Kensselaer county and flows S. "W. into the Hudson at Troy, affording many good mill-sites. It has falls on the side of Mount Ida, around which a small manufacturing village has sprung up. PoiNDEXTEK, p. V., MarlOQ CO., Ga. : S3 m. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. PoiNDESTER'8, stfl., Bedford co., Virg.: 13 m. W. of Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee II. R. Pois ©ester's Stoee, p. 0., Ijooisa county, Virg,: 47 m. N. W. Richmond, Poinsett county, Ark. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 1,444 sq. m. Drained by Lanquille r. and St, Francis bayou, tributaries of St. Francis r. Surface gener- ally level ; soil fertile, and adapted to corn. Farms 264 ; manuf. 0: dwell. 350, and pop.— wb. 2,026, fr. col. 3, si. 279 —total 2,308. Capital: Bofivar. Poinsett lake, Flor. : an expansion of the St John's r., or a lake through which that river fl-ivvs, in lat. 2S^ 9S'. PoiNSFiT lake, Miim,. Ter. : a small lake emptying into Sioux river. Point Cedak, p. o., Clark co., Ark. : 64 m. W. S. "W. Little Rock. Point Commerce, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : on the W. side of White r., at the junction of Eel r., 58 m. S. W. Indian- apolis. It is 43 m. S. E. of Terre llaute by the Wabash and Erie Canal, and has several mills and stores. Point Conception, Colif. : the most W. point of Santa Barbara co. Lat. 34° 26' 56"N., and long. 120° 25' 40" W. Point Coutee parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 429 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Fordoche and branches of Atchafalaya river; this latter forms its W. boundary, and along its banks are some fertile tracts of land. Surface level, and in general lying low, which makes it liable to inundation ; a great portion of the county Is consequently until for cultivalion ; soil where fit for tillage Is fertile, and yields a rich harvest. Chief productions In- dian corn, cotton, and sugar. In the S. E. is Fausse river, which probably at one time was a bed of the Mississippi. Farms 24S; manuf. ; dwell. 760, and pop.— wh. 2,967, fr. col. 561, si. 7.S11— total 11,339. Capital: Point Coupee. ■ Point Coupee, p. v., and cap. Point Coupee, par. La. : on the right bank of the Mississippi, neariy opposite St. Francis- vUle, 36 railes by the river above Baton Rouge. Here are a court-house, jail, and a printing-oflBce, from which the "P. 0. Echo" (dem.) is issued weekly. The levee extends from this point to New Orleans. The inhabitants of the village are mostly wealthy, and of French descent, and their plantr ations sh*etch for miles along the river. Point Douglaps, p. v., Washington co., Jlinn. : at the confluence of SL Croix r. with the Mississippi, 14 m. S. E. St. Paul. Poi%-T Isabel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. 8. W. Columbus. Point Isabfi^ p. v. and port of entry, Cameron county, Ttw. : 289 ni. S. by E. Austin City. It lies near the S. end of ihe Laguna Del Madre, a few miles W. of Brazos San- tiago, and abont 15 N. of the mouth of the Kio Grande. It ia a depCt lor military and naval stores, and a landing GS8 place for steamers destined up the Rio Grande, and for many of the Gulf ports. The tonnage of the district in ISoO was 401 tons engaged in steam navigation, and 274 tons in the coasting trade. Point Jefferson, p. c, Morcbause parish. La. : 169 miles N. N. W. Baton Rouge. Point Meees, p. o., Johnson co.. Ark. : on Little Piney cret-k, 85 m. N. W. Little Rock. Point op Rocks, p. v. and sta., Frederick co., Md. : on Potomac river, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 57 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. Tho station is 12 m. E. of Harper's Ferry, on the Baltimore and Ohio R. E. The acenery along the river is magnificent. Point Peninsula, p. o., Jefferson county, y. T. : on a peninsula between Chamount bay and Lake Ontario, 149 m. N. W. by W. AlbaTiy. Point Petek, p. o., Searcy co., Ai'k. : on Richland cr., 86 m. N. Little Rock. Point Petek, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 63 m. N. by E, MilletJgeville. Point Pleasant, p. v., New Madrid co.. Mo. : on the Mississippi, S9 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 202 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains several stores and warehouses, and has a good landing, from which great quantities of com are sent down the river. Point Pleasant, p. o.. Ocean co^NlJer.: on the K. end of Sfjuam Beach, 3S m. E. by S. Trenton. Point Pleasant, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio, at the mouth of Indian cr., 23 m. above Cincinnati, 90 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. A large quantity .of pork is packed here. Point Pleasant, p. v., Bucks co., P^mn. : on Delaware river and canal, at the mouth of Tohickon cr.. 32 m. S. of Easton, 95 m. E. by N. llarrisbnrg. It contains several mills and about 200 inhabitants. Point Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Mason co., Vii'g. : on the Ohio, immediately above the mouth of the Great Kana- wha, 26S m. W. N.W. Richmond. It contains an academy, court-house, steam flouring-mill, steam saw-mill, several stores and tanneries, and about 500 inhabitants. Here, on the 10th of October, 1774, was fought the "Battle of Point Pleasant," the bloodiest ever fought with the red men in the State. A large body of warriors of several tribes, under the famous chief Cornstalk, attacked Colonel Lewis, cnm- mimding 1,100 Virginians; Init after fighting all day, were forced back across the Ohio. The Covington and Ohio R. R. will have its W. terminus here. Point Prairie, p. o., Franklin ca. Ark. : on the W. side of Six >rile cr.. 97 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. Point Republic, p. v.. La Salle co., lU. : 124 m. N. N. R Spriagfield. Point Smito, v., Franklin county, Ala. : on the 9. side oT Tennessee river, at the entrance of Big Boar creek, 193 m. N. W. by N. Montgomery. Here is a landing for steam- boats and a number of stores and warehouses. The staples of the district adjacent are shipped here for the Southern markets. Tho p. o. is Cuiokasaw. Point Worthington, p. v., Washington CO., Miss.: on the Mississippi, 79 m. N. W. by N. Jackson. Pokagon, sta., Cass co,, Mich. : on the Michigan Central R. R., 43 m. W. of Kalamazoo. Poke Batou. p. o.. Independence co., Ark.: near a JL aflluent of White r. so called. S6 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. Poke Run, p. o., Westmoreland co., Perm. : 18S m. W. Harrisburg. Poland, p. v., Clay county, Ind. ; 2 m, E. of Eel r., 4G nk S. W. by W. Indianapolis. Poland, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 34 m.W. S.W- Augusta. Drained by branches of Little Androscoggin r^ its N. boundary, which supply water-pnwer. Surface un- even; soil very fertile. A superior farming t., with abund ance of timber and various manufactories. The Atlanlio and St. LawTenco K. K. crossc^s tho N. parU Pop. of t. 2,6Ga POL Poland, p. v, Herkimer Co., Jf. T.: on West Cana.l'i creek 74 „, W. N. W. Albany. 1, c™,ain, J- e.U cou™ factones, an,l a cutlery tstablisbinent Poland, t. an,| p. a, Mah„ning c..., Of,io ; nn Ihe E line Of .be State, Ui m. N. E. by E. Cob.n.b,,,. lZ^.Z j^^5b:;^^aj::--rr-^^^^ iarms lou; in.iiiuf. 1; ilwell Kt «„,l r ., BV"u quajiiy. co.ao,3i.ar-t„tau,^. l^s^pr;:;^''•'■^''■'^• creek, branches of Osage r. ana E. fork ^ .^ia" ' b;" n'b' produceU in large quantities, and tberc is fon, f^od ,™b aere is draiuaao. Area 2 400 so m q,„r , ' ti. soil very ferlile. Cape F":,;i"her1teri™s"w "' ner U,e parallel of which forma its 8 Lund /ry^";,- W,l lamette here affords extensive water-power which I nsed for various mills. Farms 129- manrn u ?» «nd pop.-wb. 1,046, fr. coL 5_to.al' ^c;,o^^: r "' cinnati. ' ^"P'lal: Cjn- | Polk county, TJnn. Situate -- "^ - Pollock's p. o., Randolph co.. III. : on Kine Mile er an E. affluent of the Kaskaskia, 121 „. g. Spriiiglleld. ' orrtrri^'I^YsYSS::^""^-""'--'''^ PO.VAKIA, p. 0. and sta., Newberry dislrjet, .9. Car ■ on a.ld conuiins a court-house, 15 stores, 2 Sundries, 3 ma- cliine-shops, a rolling mill, rope-walk, and 2 lar-^e tan^L ""u ^^l r'I-^--""J- Telegraph" whig) i ^ Sd weekly. A branch II. E., ,o m. long, conntts it wi h the Cincinnati, UiUsboro-, and Parkersburg Eailroad. Pop! I PO.MPBFT t. p. v., and sta., Windham co., Conr,..- on the W. side of Qumnebaugr., 39 m. E. by N. Ilarlli^rd. Dratoed by branches of the river, which supply mmH.i-o,,; mil -Z burlace uneven, and beautifully varied by hills and meldl ow., : sou deep and strong. Many of the farm are vet upenor, and the grazing is excellent. Various manufaZ tures are prosecuted. The st.-,. is 20 m. 8. of Worcester on ae Norwich and Worcester E. E. The Boston a" New Tork (A,r Lme) E. E. crosses the t. The v. occupi^ a hiB eommatidiug a wide view, and contains an acadei^ Po^ Po.w,iET, t. and p. y., Windsor co., Ven,,. : SO m. 8. by E Motitpelier. Drained l.y Queechy r. and a branch of White r.vcr. which supply- good water-power. Surface broken- sod productive; coal is found; grazing is the chief occup^ tion ; limited manufactures are carried on. Pop of t 1 546 Po,nTa:T, t., Cha,ilauqueco.,JV: V. .- „n Lake Erie. Surface billy ; soil, a fertile, argiHaceons. gravelly, and sandy loam Drained by Cassadaga cr., an affluent of Alle<.hanv r and several small streams flowing into this lake. The'vilia^es of Dunkirk and Van Buren Harbor are in this t, and L Eric E. E. has its W. formiuus here. Pop. in ]S50 4 493 PO.ITRFT LANDI.NG, p. V., Windham Co., Co«,i.';'37 m. E. by N. Uanford. PO.MONKEV, p. o., Charles co., JfJ. : on Pomoneocr.orthe Potomac, m m. 8. W. Annapolis. PoMME DE Teuke rivcr, M„. : a tributary of Osage river loMPAXoosirc. P.O. and sta., Windsor county, Fw-m -on Connecticut r., a,.l the Connecticut and P.^ssumpsic ci^ers R. E.. 10 mUes N. of, White river junction, 89 m S E Montpelicr. ^ ^. a, PoMPEV, t. and p. a, Onondaga county, IT. T ■ m m W. by N^ Albany. Drained byLimctonc and Bu tem^, creeks. Surface hilly ; soil loam, mixed with.sand or c^y very productive. and imderhigh cultivation. AgriculmreS tlie principal occupation. Pompey Hill v., in the W ,nl occupies the highest land in the co., commanding an iS 639 POM POP ten?ive view, and contains an academy, a half dozen stores, and 501) inhaliitants. Pop. of t. 4,006. PoMPEY ("BNTKE, p. o., Ouondaga county, y. Y.: 113 m. "W. l»y N. Altjany. PoMPTON, t. and p. v.. Passaic co., N. Jer. : 59 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Dratned l>y Ptqiiannock, Eingwood. and Kiim- apo rivers, which furnish fine water*power, and unite in the S. corner, to furm Pompion r. i*urfaoe hilly and mountainous; soil clayt-y loam of good fertility. Iron oro is abundant, and largely dug and wrought. The v., on Eamapo r., contains an academy, a furnace, and 25U inkab- itanls. Pop. of 1. 1,720. PoMPTON river, K. Jer.: is formed by the confluence of the Pequannook, Ringwood, and liamapo rivers, and di- Tiding Pas.-»aic and Morris counties, It flows 8 m. into the Passaic river. The Morris Canal crosses it '2 m. above its mouth. PoMPTON Plains, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer,: on the W. side of Fompton r., 57 m. N. N. E. Trenton. PosD Cp.eek, p. 0., Greene co., Mo. : 115 m. 8. W. by S. Jefferson City. Pond Eddt, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Y. Pond Fouk, p. o., Jackson county, Oa. : &4 m. N. by E. Mill edge V ill e. Pond Hill, p. c, Gibson CO., Thnn. : 123 m. W. by S. Nashville. Posi> Settlement, p. v., Steuben county, 2^^. Y. : 194 m. W. by S. Albany. Pond Spring, p. o., Walker co., Ga.: 173 ra. N. W. Milledgeville. PoNDTOWN, p. v., Sumter county, Ga.: 93 m. S. W. Milledgeville. PoNTCiiARTRAiN lake, La. : is 40 m. long, and 25 ni. broad. It communicates with Lake Maufpas on the W., Lake Borgne through the Uigolets on the E., and on the S. with New Orleans, through St. John's bayou and a canal. It h.is 16 or 13 feet water in its deepest part, but near the shore not more than 9 feet. The Tangitipaha and Tchefuncti rivers, and other small streams, empty into it. PoNTiAc, p. v., and cap. Livhigston co., TU.: on Ver- million r., 93 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It contains the county buildings and several stores. PoNTiA*", p. o. and sta., Huron co., Ohio: on the San- dusky, MansfliM, and Newark R. R., 20 m. S. of Sandusky City, &3 m. N. by E. Columbus. PoNTiAC, t., p. v., and cap. Oakland co., iHlch.: 67 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Clinton r. and branches, ■wliieh, fed by numerous ponds, furnish superior water-power. Surface somewhat hilly. Soil samly in parts, but mostly productive. The v. is on the r., and contains a court-house, jail, academy, iron foundry, and machine-shnp, sevenU flourinff-milTs and factories, and l.SiiO inhaldtants. The "Oakland Gazette*' (whig), and " Ponllac Jacksonian" ranch of Chenango r., 8S m. W. by N. Albany. Here are several mills. Poor Fork, p. o., Harlan co., Ay.; on a head of Cnm- berland r. so called, 126 m. S. E. byE. Frankfort. Pooa UiLL, p. o., Sullivan co., 7enn. : 'Z-ifj ui. E. by N. Nashville. Pope county, Arlc. Situate toward the N. VT., and con- tains S25 sq. m. Drained by Great Pine r. and Illinois cr. and branches, tribularies of Arliansas r„ which runs on the S. border, and passes through the S. W. corner of the go. Surface varied; in the N. monntainous. but level in the in- terior ancl S. ; soil fertile, producing cniidn, tobacco, ladiau corn, etc. Some good timber is found on the land, and it has extensive coal beds. Farms 534; manuf. 16; dwell. 695. and pop.— wh. 4,231, fr. col. 0, si. 479— total 4,710. O'pftiil: Morristown. Pope county, III. Situate S., and contains 425 sq. m. Drained by Rock. Great Pierre. Big Bay, and Lusks creeks, all of the Ohio r., which forms its 3. E. boundary. Surface t-ven, excepting the lilufls on the Ohio; soil a deep loam, with sand intermixed, and productive, a grain, and also raising good tobacco. It is well timbered, and in the E. is a hilly range, which makes good pasturage. Farms 504: manuf. 12; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 3,S71, fr. col. 104— total 3,975. Cupitid; Golconda. Pope Cheek, p. o.. Mercer co., Il-t. : on the S. side of the cr. so called, 105 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. Pope's Corners, p. v., Saratoga co., JV. Y. : 1 m. W, of Hudson r, 34 m. N. by E. Albany. " Pope's Mills, p. o., SU Lawrence county, i\^ Y. : 13S m. N. W. Albany. Pope's Mills, p. o., Mercer co., 111. : on Pope's cr., about S m. E. of the Mississippi, 109 m. N. W. by N. Springfleld. Formerly called Bluff". Pope's Store, p. o., Southampton co., Yirff. : 63 m. S. 3. E. Richmond. Poplar, p. o., Crawford co., Oliio: 62 m. N. Columbus. F'.'PLAR. p. o., Orangeburg dtst., S. Car.: about 4 m. W of Santee r.. 41 m. S- E. by S. Cohinibia. Poplar island, in Chesapeake bay. LaL 43° 22' X., and long. 70'^ 23' W. Its periphery measures ahniil 10 miles. Poplar Bluff, p. o., Butler co., Mo.: 153 m. S. E. by S. JcfTcrj^on City. Poplar Bkanch, p. o., Currituck co,, y. Car. : 143 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. Poplar' Corner, p. 0., Madison county, Tenn. : 117 m. VT. S. W. Nashville. Poplar Cheek, p. o., Choctaw county. Miss. : 126 m. N- E. by N. Jackson. Poplar Flat, p. o., Lewis county, AV. ,• 85 m. E. N. E, Fnmkfort. Poplar Grove, p. o., Owen county, JTy..* Si m. N. Frankfort. Poplar Grove, p. o., Boone co., III. : 1S3 m. N. by E. Springfl.ld. Poplar Grove, p. o., Iredell co., 2^. Car.: 122 m. "W. Raleigh. Poplar Grove, p. o., Gibson co., Tenn. : 112 m. W. by 9. Nashville. Poplar Hill, p. o.. Vigo county, Ind.: on the S. side of Hon.-y cr., a small aflluent of the Wabash. 63 m. W. S. W. InvUanapolis. Popi^R UiLL, p. 0., Anson county, K Car. : 93 m. 3. W. Raleigh. POP POR PopLAE Hill, p. o.. GiIl-s ea. Vlrff. : on 'Walker's cr., n "W. alflueni of New r., ISl m. \V. by S. liidimoDd. PoPLAu Mount, p. o., Greeoville couulj', Virff,: 47 m. S. Eichnitiud. Poplar Plains, p. o., Fleming co., A'y- •' ''^ ^' E. by N. FrankturU P..ii'LAR Ridge, p. o., Cayuga co., 2i. Y. : 137 m. W. by N. Albany, PuPLAR PviDGE, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: SS m. W. by N. Ckilunil'iis, PopLAK Ridge, p. o., Maury co., . Tetm^ : 42 ni. S. S. W. Nashville, PuPLAK Spring, p. o.. Fairfield dist,, & Car. : about 3 m. VC. of Walcree r,, 31 m. N. by K, Columbia. Poplar Speisg, p. o., Mar&hall co., Mrg.: 235 m. N. ^s. Eichmond. PuPLAit Spking, p. 0., Pontotoc co., J/ws. ; 146 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Poplar Springs, p. v., Howard co., Mth : 3S m. N. W. Annapolis. Poplar SpaciGS, p. v., Hall comity, Ga. : 96 m. N. N. W. Milled gevlile. Poplin, t and p. o., Eockingham co., K Uiimp. : 2S m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Sqnamscot r. Surface uneven, but not rouffli ; soil fertile, A farming t. Pop. 509. PoQr ANOC Bridge, p. o.. New London co., Coniu PoQfKTONUcK, p. v., New London ca, Con/u : 2 m. E. of the Thames, on an affluent so called* 3S m. S. E. by E. Hartford. Sloops come up near the v. at high water. The ; inliabiuinis are chiefly sea-faring men, or interested in the coasling-lrade. PoQuoNocK, p. v., Hartford co., Cmui. : on Furmington r., 9 m. N. Hartford. It contains several factories ami uiiNs. PoRpfviSK Gipe. Me^,' the N. E. boundary of Kcnnebunk harbor, in iat. 43© 22' N. and long. 70° 23' W. PotiTAGE county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E.. and contains 64S sq. m. Drain^^d by head branches of Mahiming r. and branches of Cuyahoga r., which supply good wattr- power. Sorface undulating, in some parts broken; sttil fer- tile, consisting of a fine deep mold, and adapted to wheat and Indian com. Pine, maple, poplar, and other limber is fi'un-l on the land. Agrioultvire is the U-ading pursniL Farms 2.'i64: manuf. 127; dwell. 4,512. and pop.— wli. 24,S37. fr. col. S2— total 24.419. OipUol: Ravenna, Puh- lic Works: Cleveland and PittsbiTg E. P.; Cleveland and Mahoning 11. K. ; Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, etc, PoKTAGR county, Wiw. Situate centrally, and contains 1,&4S sq. m. "Wisconsin r. passes through it centrally, by which and its numerous branches it is : S3 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by portage r. and branches, on which are several mills. The v. on the N. side of the r. was laid out in 1S36, aad contains various mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of U 405. Portage, t, Ottawa co., Ohio: a narrow neck of land between Sandusky bay and Lake Erie, on which is Port I Clinton. The Sandusky and Fort Wayne R. E. passes through it. Pop. 377. PoRTAGF,. p. o., Cambria co.. Pviuu : 104 m.W'. Harrisburg. Portage, t., Hancock coimly, Ohio: drained by the he.ad waters of Portage r. Pop. 014. Portage, t.. Summit eo., Ohio: at the pt.rtage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers. The Ohio Canal and the Cleveland, ZancsvUle, and Cincinnati R. R. pass through it. Akron, the county seal, is located in the S. E. part. Pop. of t. 4,3SG. Portage, t., Livingston co., H. Y. : on the Genesee r., at Ibe Great Falls, at which the descent iu 2 m, is about 300 leet. affording great water-power. The sceuciy is magni0- cent. Surface elevated and rolling; soil fi-rlile. The Cn-n- esee Valley Canal passes through tlie U, and also the Buffalo and New York City R. E. Pop. 3,47S. Portage, t. and v., Kalamazoo co., J^ch. : drained by Portage r. and the Sandy lakes. Surface level prairie; soil fertile. Pi.p. 726. Portage hike, Houghton co., 3luh. : this lake lies on the Keweenaw peninsula, and empties into Keweenaw bay, an arm of Lake Superior. It is very irregular in its shnpe. and has extensions N. and N. W., which bear the local names of Houghton's lake and Torch lake — the first extending N. W. almost to the opposite siile of Ihe peninsula. A navj- gatifiu might be formed through this lake, and a cauffl across the portage. ■ Portage river, Ohio : an affluent of Lake Erie, into whi-^h it falls at Port Clinton. It affords good water-power, and dnuns the Black Swamp, an unhealthy, but whicli. if suit- ably drain<'d. would make a very fertile country. The har- bor is the oullet of a considerable region. Portage City, p. v., Columbia county. Wise. : .33 m. N. Madison. Portage Lake, p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : S4 ui. S. S. E. Lansing. Portageville, p. v., Wyoming co., K. Y. : on the W. side of Tienesee r.. 214 m. W. Albany. The river here falls about 3i'0 feet in 2 miles, principally in three peri)endirular descents, which furnish immense hydraulic power, and being surrounded by iiigh steep banks, attract many visit is the creation of the coal trade, which forms the almost ^-x- clu.'»ive employment. Pop. 2.142. Port Cuestek, p. v. aad sta., Westchester co., K Y. : oa 691 POR POR the W side of Byram r., here the E. line of the Slate, 108 m. e Albany It is 1 m- from lli« »'"""'' '"'^"' '" " "«'"'>''°"' landing, frum which boats ply to Ney York, and 29 m _N. E. of Sew Vork, on the New York and Now Haven Iv 1.. U contains several manufactories, 20 stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. . Poai CiJ-sTON, p. v., port, and cap. Ottawa co., Ohw on the S. side of Portage river, at iu entrance into Lake Eric, 115 m N. Colambus. It has a good harbor, with a l.ght- honseatits entrance, and c.mtains a court-house, javl sev- eral stores and mills, and 249 inhabilanla. The railroad from Sandusky City to Fort Wayne passes through it. Im- ports in IS&O, $33,978, and exports, *-24,7oo. Poet Clinton, p. T., Lake county. 111. : 19S m. N. N. E. 'Cf c'o-™., p. v., Schuylkill CO., ra.,u: at the conSu- ence of the L.tUe Schuylkill and the bchujdkiU, ^^ "t» e Z Water Gap In Blue Mountain, 51 m. E. N. t. llarris- burg It is one of the great coal dep6t. of the anthracite re7on, and being on the Imc of the Schuylki 1 Canal and Eeading E. K., it enjoys a large share oflhe trade connected with thf mines. The Little SehuylkUl E. K. also diverges from this point, and a number of other railways connecting with the mines are indheotly connected with the port. There are large iron works in the vicinity, and in the v. a rolling mUl of 1,600 tons annual capacity, also various me- chanic shops, stores, etc. Port Comwav, p. v., King George Co., P/V- •• "n the left bank of Rappahannock r., 48 m. N. by h. Uichmond. •W heat and corn are shipped here in large quantities. Pout Csane, p. v., Broome Co., A^. K : on Chenango r. and canal 8 urN'ot Biighampton, 107 m. W. by S. Albany. Po;t Depobtte, p. v., Cecil Co., M.: on the L. siile of Susquehanna river, 7 m. from its mouth, 51 in. N. E. bs N. Annapolis. It lies at the lower falls, and contains a bank and 300 inhabitants. .. ™- a,, „r PoBT DouoLAss, Essex comtty, M '• : °" '^^ ^L ^ J Champlain lake, and the landing lor Keesevdle, which is 7 or 8 ra. W. of it. POKT Elizabeth, p. v., Cumberland county, ilT. Jer.: on Manamuskin creek, near its entrance into Maurice r., 61 m. S bv W Trenton. It is 15 m. from Uelawaro bay, and vi»sels of 100 tons come to the landing. Wood and lumber are exported m large amounts. It contains an academy, .everal stores and miUs, and about 600 inhaUiUinls. PORTEE eounty, M. Situate N. W., and contains »% sn m. Drained by Calumic r. and branches, and branch of Kankakee r., which runs on i.s S. border. Surface varied on the lake being elevated, while in the iulenor and to^vard L S. the land is generally level ; soil fertile, with the e.xcep- «on of some portion in the N., and the swamp on the Kan- kakee in the S. Chief productions, wheal and Indian com. There s some prairie land, and a large portion of the co. is covered with oak and other timber. 11 contains several Id lakls. Farms 467 ; maiiuf. 18 ; dwell. SS5, and pop.- X5» fr. col. ^^total ^^^ OaplUU: y^.r^ Public Works: Michigan Central Extension K L. . Ind - ana Northern K. U.; Michigan City Branch K. E., Im^I Wayne and Chicago E. E.; Logan.porl and Chicago I^ B. p!.KTEE. sta., porter CO., W.: 2 m. W. of Michigan Cily, on the Michigan Central E. E. . a., m 1 W Porter, t. and p. o., Van Buren co., M,ch. ; 82 m. S. W. Lansin-. It contams several ponds, but has no considera- ble sireiims. Surface mostly level, and soil of good quahty. ^Popt^R, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 25 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Walnut cr., which moves several mills. Surface somewhat uneven : soil very productive of grass and grain. The SpringSeld, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg U. E. crosses it. Pop. 1,037. Porter, t, Niagara CO., JV. Y. : facing on Lake OnUirio and Nijigara r.. and drained by several creeks tailing into the lake." Surface level; soil argiUaceous and sandy loam. C92 Ib the N. W. part oflhe town stands old Fort Niag.ira, and directly opposite, on the Canada shore, Fort George. Fort Niagara was taken by the British in Dec, ISIS, and deliv- ered up again in March, 1815. Youngslx>wn is a village on the Niagara river. Pop. of t. 2,455. Porter, t. and p. v., Oxford Co., Me. : on the W. line of the State,-and N. side of Ossipec river, 7) m. S. W. by W. Augusta. Surface slightly uneven; soil fertile and weU wooded. A farming and grazing U Pop. of 1 1,208. PoRTEEEiELD, p. o., Vcnango county, J^enn.: 173 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Porter Eidge, p. 0., Susquehanna CO., Penn. : 117 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Porter's p. o., Carroll co, Md. : 46 m. N. W. Annapolis. Poetek'8, sta.. Middlesex co., Mam. : 3} m. from Boston, on the Fitchburg E. E. The Cambridge cattle market is held weekly at this station. Porter's Cor-nees, p. o., Saratoga co., N. T.: 84 m. N. by W. Albany. Porter's Cross Eoads, p. o.. Porter co„ Ina. : 121 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Porter's Falls, p. o., Wetzel CO., Yirg. : 223 m. N. W. Eiohmond. Pokterstille, p. T., Butler CO., Penn.: 174 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. ^tr a -nr PoRiERSviLLE, p. v., Tipton CO., Term. : 171 m. W. S. W. Nashville. t- i, o PORTEKSV1LI.E, p. v., Perry co., O/do: 45 m. E. by s. Columbus. Port Gibson, p. v., and cap. Claiborne co., Mas. : on Bayou Pierre, 23 m. from its entrance into the Mississippi, 52 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The v. has a large trade in cot- ton, which is sent down the bayou in keel boats most of the year, or by land to Grand Gulf, its port. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 500 inhabitants. The " Herald and Correspondent" (whig) is published weekly. Port Gibson, p. v., Ontario co., K 1'. : on the Erie Canal 34 m. E. of Eochester, 107 m. W. by N. Albany. Port Glasgow, p. v., Wayne co., A^ 1'.; on the S. side of Lake Ontario, 151 m. W. N. W. Albany. Pout Henrt, p. v., Essex Co., AT. Y. : on the W. shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 91 m. N. by E. Albany. It has a convenient steamboat landing, and con- tains extensive iron works, for which excellent ore is ob- tidncd in the immediate vicinity, and about 600 inhabitants. Por.T Homer, p. v., Jefferson co., OMo: 122 m. E. by N. Columbus. Port Hope, t. and p. o., Columbia co., TTisc. ,• 53 m. N. Miulison. Drained by Neenah river, on both sides of which it lies. Surface even, and soil rich. II has good miU privi- leges, and some timber. Pop. 603. Port Hudson, p. v., East Feliciana par.. La.: on the Mississippi at the mouth of Thompson's cr., '25 m. by the r., above Baton Eouge. It has a fine lan.ling Sir steamboats, ■and does a large business in the shipping of cotton, sent here by the Clinton and Port Hudson E. E., of which it is the river terminus. Port Huron, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, Mich, : 113 m. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Black r., emptying into the St. Clair, its E. boundary. Surface even, and well tunbered ; soil highly productive. The v. lies at the confluence of Black and St. Clair rivers, 2 m. S. of Lake Huron, has a good har- bor, and superior facilities for ship-building, and is largely engaged in the lumber business. Great amounts of excel- lent pine timber are sent down Black river, and manufac- tured or shipped here. It contains several llouring and saw mills, large lumber yards and commercial houses, and 1,054 inhabitants. Fort Gratiot is about 1 ni. N. of the v. The " P. H. Observer" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. of U 2,302. . Port Jackson, p. v.. Montgomery co., IT. T. : on the Erie Canal, and S. side of Mohawk r, 17 m. W. N. W. Scheneo- lady, 28 m. N. W. Albany. POR POU Port Jefferson, p. v., Suffulk; co., ,V. T. : on Ilie N. siy E. Salem. It is a place of considerable commerce, and has excellent prospi-cls of becoming a large city. Pop. 822. The territorial peniten- tiary is located here. Portland, t, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Cumberland CO., Me.r is situated on an elevated peninsula. -at W. ex- tremity of Casco bay, 54 m. S. S. W. Augusta, lat. (Mount Joy) 430 39' 52" N. ; and long. 70° 1-T 34" W. The penin- sula projects eastwardly into the bay, about 8 m. in length,. and has aa average width of three-fourths of a mile. Its i surface rises from each shore, forming throughout its entire length an elevated ridge, wliich, at its extremities, again risrs i[ito eonvi.k'nible hills, presi^-nling a marked oiitbne, and very beauliful aj^pearam-e.' The city is regularly laid out, and handsomely built, particularly its more modem portions, wliic-h are noted r..r ttieir elegant buildings, an-i is lighte.l with gas, Tlie main slrt-tt occupies the ridge of the peninsula, exlrurling from hill to hill. Many of the Btreetsareliued with elinsand other shade trees. The prm- cipal public building^ consist of the Exchange, which is an elegant structure, with handsome colonnatle and ilonie, eonlaining the post-office, custom-house, and I'niti.d States court rooms; the City Hall, built of brick ; the old Custom- hou.se, of granite, 16 churches, jail, elc. Then- are 6 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,125,000. The capital of tlie city is chiefly employed in commerce, coastii.g trade, the fisheries, and inland trade ; hence its maimfuctures are, for the most part, those incident to a mercantile city. The Portl.ind Company, with a capital of $100,iliiO, have a large manufactory of loc'>molives, railroad cars, etc. Much attention is given to education in Ihe public schools. These consist of a classical schogl for boys, a higli school for girls. 4 grammar schriols (2 for boys an connect at Snulh Ber- wick with the Boston and Maine E. E. The construction of the Atlantic and St. Lai\TPnee E. E., commenced in 1S44, has been actively prosecuted from each terminus, Portland and Montreal, and will soon be completed. Ey contract it is to be finished in 1S53. Through this important avenue will pass a large proportion of the products of the north and west for shipment to Europe and elsewhere. The foreign commerce of tiie city is chiefly with the West Indies and Europe. Its chief exports are lumber, ice, flsh, provisions, etc. The coasting trade is principally with Boston, and during the summer a steamboat plies daily to that city. On 30th -Tune. l.^^tO. the total tonnage of district was SG,5ii2 tons, of which 60-"04 tons were registered, and 26,19S toat landing, and contains 2 academies, a dozen stores, and 470 inhabitants. Portsmouth, p. v., Dauphin co,, Pen/n. : on the Susque- hanna r., 8 m. below Harrisburg. Pop.TSMOUTti, t., p. -city, port of entry, and one of the caps. Rockingham co., N. Ramp.: on the S. side of Piscataqua r, 3 ra. from the ocean, 41 m. E, by 9. Concord. Lat. (Tni- tarian church) 43° 4' 35" N. ; long. 70° 45' 50" W. Tliis is the largest town and only seaport in the State. Its site rises gradually from the harbor, is pleasant and healthy. The eity is not regularly laid out, but its streets, though narrow, are neatly built, and contain many handsome buildings. This t. was settled in 1623, and incorporated in 1633. It has several times suffered severely by fires, but lias been rebuilt with improved appearance. It has long been noted f'>r its commercial enterprise, and its capit^tl is mainly employed in navigation. Many vessels, though owned at this pi^rt, are employed elsewhere. Ship -building is largely carried on. The principal manufactories are : Portsmouth steam faL-tory, erected 1^40^7, 200 feet long, 6 st«iries high, making fine cotton fabrics, a very superior establishment ; an extensive manufactory of hosiery — also one of twist; machine shop and car fact^iry ; iron foundry, etc. There are 3 banks, ag- gregate cap. $491,000. The-t is supplied with good water from a fountain, 3 m. distant, by a company formed in 1799. Among the public buildings are5 or G handsome churches, an athena'um, academy^the State lunatic hospital, 2 market- honses, alms-house, etc. The Athenreum, incorporated 1S17, has a handsome brick edifice, 3 stories high, with a library of 7,300 volumes, besides cabinets of minerals anor has 40 feet of water in the channel at low tide, and is protected from storms by headlands and its islands. It is defended by Fort Constitution, on Great Islan3 temporary, and 21S tons " licensed under 20 tons" in the cod fishery. The coasting trade employed 4,025 tons, cod fishery 2,GG4 tons, mackerel fishery 1,204 tons. During the year ending 80th June, 1S50, the number of clearances for foreign comitrles was 107—8,213 tons; number of entrances do., 110—11,044 tons. Vessels built during the yenr, 10 — S ships, 2 schooners — 6.914 tons. Newspapers— **P. Dispatch," daily; "Rockingham Messenger-' (iadep.) POR POT "N. II. Guzelte" (dem.), 'T- Journal" (wliig), weekly. ( Pop. in ISIO, 6,9U\ in 1S20, T,.S27; in 1S80, S,0S2; in 1>4<), 7,SS7; in 1850, 9,739. PoRTSiiouTii, p. v., Carteret co., JV. Car. : 148 m. E. by S. Ealfi'igh. It is on (he S. side of Ocracoke iidel to Patnlico Sound, and principally inhiibited by ti>hernien and pilots. PoKi-SMouTii, p. v., and cap. Scioto co., OMo : on the Oliio river, at the mouth of Scioto r., S3 m. S. Columbua. The t. presents a handsome appearance from tlie r., is well built,' and is surrounded by the most fertile district of the Ohio valley. Tlie v. contains a fine court-house, several churches, an excellent academy, bank, marUet-house, jail, etc. Iron manufactures are extensively prosecuted, from the abund- ance of iron ore in the vicinity. Mineral coal and fine build i^g-st one are also abundant; the latter is niucli used in Cincinnati, The building and repairing of steamboats is carried on ujMin the opposite side of the Scioto. Newsjin- pers—" Tribune and Clipper" (whig), daily and weekly; *'P. Dispatch" (dem.), daily ; " P. Enquirer" (whig), weekly, The Scioto and Ilo^^king A' alley P. H. runs henc* through the mineral district, connecting at Newark with the several E. and W. lines, and those to Sandusky, Clevelanrled. Farms 1.270; mnnuf. 20; dwell. 2.260, and pop.— wh. 12,451, fr. col. 9S~total 12,549. Oipital: Mount Vernon. PoREY, p. o., Madison co., Ky. : 58 m. S. E. Frankfort. PusEYVtLLE, p. v., Posey CO., Ind.: 135 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. Post Creek, p. o., Chemung co., X. Y. : 153 m. W. S. W. Albany. Post Mill Villagb, p. v., Orange county, Venn.: on Ompompanoosue r., 31 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. Post Oak, p. o., Yallabusha co., Mi^s. : 119 m. N. by E. Jackson. Post Oak, p. o., Johnson co.. Mo. : So m. W. Jefferson City. Post Oak, p. o., Iredell co., AC Car. : 128 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Post Oak Springs, p. o., Roane co.,7(??i?;. ; llOm.E. by S. Nashville. P<-sTTowN,8ta., Butler CO.. Ohio: 2(T'm. S.itf Dayton, on the Cincinnati, Ilaniiiton, and Dayton R. R. PdSTViLLE, p. v., and cap. Logan co., lU. : on Salt cr., 28 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. It contains a courl-house, jail, several stores and mills, and about 500 inhabitants. PosTviLLR, p. v., Alleniakee co.. In.: 95 m. N. Iowa City. Postville, p. v., Herkimer co., A^ Y.: 78 m. W. N. W. Albany. Potato Creek, p. o., Ashe co., X. Car. : 173 m.W. by N. Raleigh. PoTEAu river, Ind. Ter. : a small tributary of the Arkansas river, which it enters at Fort Smith. Potecasi, p. o., ifJorihampton co., K Car. : 87 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. PoTv'MAO river, Md. and Virg. : rises in two branches, the N. and the S., which unite in Hampshire co., near the Alle-ahany Mountains, and thence forms, lIirou;:h nearly its whole course, the boundary between Virginia and Mary- land. At Alexandria, 290 m. from the ocean, it is \\ m. wide; it is 550 ra. long, and enters Che.'^apealie bay, be- tween Point Lookout and Smith's Point, by a moulh 10 m. wide. It is navigable for ships of the line to the navy yard in Washington, 300 m. from the ocean, and 3 w. below the heaii of tide-water. Above this it is obstm.-ted I)y numerous lulls and rapids. Little Falls are 3 m. above Washingloii, with a descent of 37 feet, around which is a canal 2i m. long, with 3 lix^ks. Great Falls are 8^ m. above^ d^sceod per- pendicularly 76 feet, around which is a canal ofS locks. Seneca Falls, 5 m. above, descend iO feet; Shenandoah Falls. 60 m. above, are, at the passage of the river, through' the Blue Ridge; Houris Falls are 5 m. above. Around all these falls canals have been conslnioted. The fall of the Potomac, from the mouth of Savage r., which, enters the Potomac at Weslport, to Cumberland, 81 m., ia 445 feet from Cumberland to the Shenandoah Falls, 130 m*, 490 feet; at the Shenan,dr>ah, in SJ m., 43 feet from tlje She- nandoah to Great Falls, 40 m., .39 feet; and Ihenco to tide- water, 12 m., 14^J feet-^the whole descent from Ih*; mouth of Savagi^" rivet to tide-water, 219 m.,i3 1,160 feet. Its prin- cipal Iril)ulary is the Shenandoah, 200 m. long, and navi- gable 100 ni., which enters it on the S. side from Virginia, immediately befttre its passage through the Bhio Ridge. ThuH passage is a great curiosity, and its surrouudinif sceiH ery very grand. The Potomac i«; 43 feel deep, r.t ii5 mouthv 695^ POT POU 80 at St George's island, IS at Swan's Point, an(J thence to Alexandria. PoTosi, p. v., and cap. Washini^rlon co., 3fo. : S3 m. 8. E. by E. Jefferson City. It lies in llie heart of a rich mining rr-ginn. abounding in It-ad'and iron ores. Tlie It-ad ore, in the form of 3Ul|tliurct or carboiiali.', yieUlsXroin 70 to SO per ceiiL of pure metal. Zinc blende and ciilaniini; are also found in gn.-nt quantities here. Tlu* v. eonlsdns a court- house, JutI, aeadi-niy, and about 1,000 iidiabitaul^ In it^ vicinity are sl-vituI iron furnaces. PoTosi, L and p. v.. Grant co,, Whc : on the Mississippi, 74 m.W. 8.\V. .Mudison. Drained by Grant and Big Platle rivers, which flow on its W. and E. borders. Surface un- even ; soil Mioderati-ly fertile. The v. is largely engaged In shipping the lead, which is mined in imuiense quantities in the vicinity, down the river, and has a pnpulalion of about 1,000. The " P. Kepublii'an" is issued wcL-kly. Potsdam, t., p. v., and sla., St. Lawrenital: Scottsville. PowiLiTAN, p. 0., Lawrence co., Arjc. : on Big Black r., 109 m. N. E. by N. Little Rock. Powhatan, C. H., p, v., and cap. Powhatan co., Virg. : 23 m. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- emy, and about 200 inhabitants. The v. is called Scottsville. PowuATAN Point, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio : on the Ohio, 115 m. E. Columbus. PowuATAX, sta., Powhatan co., Virg.: 22 m, from Rich- mond, on the Richmond and Danville R. R. Powl's Yalley, p. o., Dauphin co., Penru PowNAL, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Jfe. : 35 m. S. W, Augusta. Soil fertile. Farming ia the chief occupation. The Atlantic and St Lawrence R. E. passes the W. border. Pop. of 1. 1,074. PowxAL, t. and p. v., Bennington county, Venn.: m Iha S. W. corner of the SUite, 112 miles S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Hoodie r., which affords water-power. Surface broken; soil fertile, supporting large flocks and dairies. It has several factories. The v. is located on the right side of Hoosic r. The Troy and Boston E. R. will pass through the west part of the t. Pop. 1,742. Pow-wow river. A' Ilamp. : an affluent of Merrimac r. . It rises in Kingston, and falls into the Merrimac bel-.veea Salisbury and Amesbury, Mass., where a fall of luO feet in 50 rods affords an extensive water-power. PoYNETT, p. O.J Columbia county, Wise: 22 miles N. Madison. PoY Sippi, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 57 m. N. N. E. of Madison. Pkaibie count>', Arl: Situate E. centrally, and contains 945 sq. m. Drained by branches of Arkansas r, the princi- pal one being Bayou Meter, which passes through It cen- trally. Surface generally even; soil ft-rtile. It has some good timber land. Farms 155 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 323. and pop.— wh. 1,S12, fr. col. 12, si, 273— total 2,097. Capital; Brownville. 697 PRA PRA PRArttiB, p. 0., Lewis county. Mo. : about 6 A. W. of the Mississippi. 107 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Prairik, t, Fntiikliii co., Ohio: 9 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Drained by Darby cr. an'i ibt (ribiiUiries. Surfact; gt*neriil!y level priiirie. Tlic Katiorml Koail and thu Columbus and Xenia K. K. pass Ihnjiigh it. Pop. 1,043. PBAmre river, 3fi<-h. : a tributary of St. Joseph's r., about 40 m. Inn^. It has its source in severni small hikus, anil discharges ilst-lf about 2 m. below the v. of Three Rivers. rn.MKiF, IJiBD, p. o., Shelby CO., JiL: 47 m. K. S. E. of Springfield. PiiAiEiE Bluff, p. o., Wilcox co., jWt. : on the right bank Of Alabama r. 67 ni. W. by S. Montgomery. PuAiRiE Creek, p. o., Logan county, III. ; 34 m. N. E. Springfield. Pkairie Creek, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. ; 6 m. E. of tbe Wabash, 76 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Prairie i»u Chikn, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Wtfic. : on the Mississippi, 3 m. above the mouth of the Wisconsin, 89 m. W. by S. Madisiin. Lat. 43° 03' OG", N., and long. 91° 09' 19" W. The prairie from which it takes its name is 10 m. lonif and 3 widi*, and is one of the moat fertile regions of the West. The v. contains the county buildings, half a dozen churclies, several school-houses, and numerous me- chanic shops and places of busini-ss. Its trade is large and rapidly Increasing- There are rich mines of copper and galena in the neighborhood ; and numerous mounds occur in all directions, indicating it to have been a place of some consequence with the races long since-defiinet. Fort Craw- ford, a tJ. S."'mUil:iry post, is situate immediately south of the village. Pop. 2,49S. Pkairie du Long, p. o., St Clair en., Ifl. : on a W. afflu- ent of the Kiiskaskia, 110 m. S. by W. Si.ringfi^-ld. Pkairie du Kocher, p. v., Randolph county, ///. .• on the bluffs, about 4 m. E. of the Mississippi, 123 m. S. by W. Sprincfield. The village contains a Uonian Catholic church and about 400 inhabitants, descendants "f the Frencli, who made an early settlement here, and whose manners and customs are still retained. PiiAiRrE DU Sauk, p. v., Sauk co., Wi-tc. : on the right bank of the Wisconsin, 22 m. N. AV. by W. Madison. It is a v. of rapid growth, with a large trade, containing sev- eral mills and 6iiO iidiahitants. Prairie Meb Rouge, p. o., Morehause par., La. : 1C2 m. N. by W. Baton Rouge. Prairie Mount, p. o., Chickasaw county, Mm. : 129 m. N. E. by N. Jaekson. pRAir.iE Plains, p. o., Grimes county, Tex.: 106 m. E. Austin City. Prairie Point, p. o., Noxubee co., Miss. : about 5 m.W. of Torabigbee r., 119 m. N. K. by E. Jackson. pKAiEiE River, p. o.. Branch co., Mich.: on a S. branch of St. Joseph's r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Prairie Rosde, t and p. o.. Kalamazoo co., Mic7t. : 77 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained l)y the head of Rocky r. Surfiue undulating, and mostly rich prairie, with groves of maple and hickory. An excellent t for grain growing. Popu- lation 690. Pbateieton, p. v., Vigo county, /?u?. ; on the S. side of Honey creek, 3 m. E. of the Wabash, T2 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Pr.virieville, t. and p. o., Barry county, 3/7M. .* 54 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Surface slightly broken, and dotted with numerous ponds tributary to the Kalamazoo. Papu- lation 553. Praibieville, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : about 2 m. E. of the Lafayette and Indianapolis II. K., 42 m. N. W. Indian- apolis. Praiuieville, p. T., Pike co., Mo. : 74 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. pRALLsviLLE, p. V., Tluuterdon CO., 2^. Jer. : on Delaware r., at the nioulh ctf Wiekechecoke cr., 17 m. N. W. Trenton. The Belvidere Delaware R. It. passes through it. 698 Pbatt, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio : 02 m. W. N. W, Columbus. Pkati 's, sta., Worcester co., Mms. : 13 ra. N. of Worcester, on the Fitehburg and Worcester R. K. Peattsburo. p. v., Talbot co., Oa.: about 8 m. W. of Klint r., 76 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Pr.vttsrurg. p. v., Ripley cf)., //itf. ; on an E. branch of Laughery's cr., 63 m. S. E. Indianapolis. pRATrenuRG, t. and p. v., Sieuben co., N. Y.: 178 m. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Cnnhoeton r., which far- nish numerous mill-sites. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil pro- ductive of wheal, but better adapted to gru^s. Timber is abundant. The v. contains an incorporated academy, sev- eral mills. 6 or 8 stores, and about 600 inhabitimts. Popu- lation of 1. 2,786. Pratisburg, p. o., Orange co., N. Car.: 27 m. N. W. Raleigh. • Pratt's IIollo-w, p. 6., Madison county, 2f. Y. : 94 m. W. by N. Albany. Peatisville. t. and p. v., Greene co.,iV: Y. : 48 m. S. W. Albany. 32 m. W. by N. Calskill, and 37 m. N. W. Kingston.* Drained by Schoharie cr., which runs through it from south to north, and affords considerable mill-power. Surface gen- erally broken an-I mountainous; but the soil of the flats on the creek is very fertile, and tbe uplands are good for graz- ing. This t. was set off from Windliam in 1>32, and named after the Hon. Zndoek Pratt, who here built the largest tannery in the United States. The village is handsomely situate on a flat on the N. E. side of Schoharie creek, and on the turnpike, which is lined with beautiful rows of elm anp, 4 tailors' shops, 11 stores, 1 bank, capital $lii)i,n(i0 (now wind- ing up), 1 Dutch Reformed chureh, 1 Methodist church, and 1 Episcopal church. 1 incorporated academy, 9 school-houses, and a prinling-officj?. from which is issued tho" P. Advo- cate" (dem.\ which circulates from ^00 to 600 copic3 weekly. Tht-re are about 15n dwelling-houses in the village, and 1,800 inhaltitanls. This is the westernmost bounds of Greene co., and here corner three counties— Greene, Delaware, and Schnharie. The Gilboa, Prattsville. andShandaken lumpiko passes througli llie v., and also the Sehoharie-kill bridge tiirn- pike. A railroad is also being surveyed fn>m Newburg to Syracuse, which will probably pa«s through Praltsville. The immeosi- tannery buildings of the Hon. Zadock Pratt, at wUiih. in 20 years, no less an amount than l.iiOO.UOn sides of sole leather had been tanned, and around which the v. had"* grown up, are now occupied by the cotton and woolen fac- tories fibove mentioned, the?T original purpose h:iviug been Piregone on account of the exhausiiim of material (hemlock b.Trk") for carrying on the t-inning business. Of the f)under of the v., it may truly be said that he is a "self-made man.*» Born in Rensselaer co. in 1790, then almost a wilderness, and trained up to labor, he has raised himself from a bumble posi- tion by the powers of liis own unaiited energies to the enjoy- ment of a fortune of which a prince might be proud. \\\ Ids time and generation he has n)ade for himself a name, and fir the future youth of our country a pallern w-Tihy of imi- tation. But the most glorious trait in his eharaeter has been his hnnesty an>l integrity— he can c<>unt 3^.000 employees among whom he has distributed hundreds of thousands of dollars, and throughout his long course he has ni'ver had a disagreement with one of them, nor l>een the defendant in any suit a^ainstMiim for wages or claims of any kind. As the ancients were used to record the lives of benefactors by sculptured .'itnries, so at PrattsviUe are fecortled on the native rocks the memoirs of its patron, and from tlie \ illage road mav be seen, In alto relievo, a fac-similo of the Pratt tan- PRA PRI neries, the bust of Mr. Pratt iiimgell". :in<.I an c-niblL-matic eon- cepfiDn of a great aet of his life in the iustitulioii ol a Bureau of Statialk'S. whit* he effected durina; liis term as represent- ative in Cona:rrained by Cheat r.. main branch of Slonongahela river. Surface mountainous and rnugli ; soil various — in some pans ii is very fertile. Chief product, Indian corn. It contain? f^*>nA grazing land. Farms 1,019 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 1,664, and pop.— wh. n,.'i74. fr. col. 47, si. 87— U)tal 11,708. Capital: Kingwood. Public Woi'ks : Baltimore and Ohio paitroad. Peeston. t. and p. v.. Xew London co., Conn. : on the E. side of Qiiinufhaug and Thames rivers. 39 m. E. S. E. Hart- ford. Drained by Kmad and Poquelanock rivers. Surface rough and stimy ; soil belter for grazing than grain-grow- ing. The Norwich and Worcester R. R. passes on the W. border along the rivers. The v. is near Amoss's pond, a fa- vorite summer resnrt. Pop. of t 1,S04. Preston, p. o., Yallabusha co., Miss.: 116 m. N. N. E. Jaokson. Preston, t. and p. o., Chenango co., 2^. T. : on the W. Bide of Chinang'> r., 94 m. W. by 3. Albany. Drained by small aftim-nls of the river; surface uneven; soil fertile, adapted to grass or grain, and mostly well timbered. There is a small v. in the N. part of the t. The Chenango Canal Ueson the S. E. corner. Pop. 1,0S2. . Preston, p. o., Hamilton county. Ohio: on a branch of Whitewater r., 102 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Preston, t. and p. o., Wayne county. Peiiv. : 123 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by attluents of Delaware river. Surface broken ; soil gravelly loam, heavily timbered with pine, hemlock, and chestnut. Preston, p. v., Grayson county, Tex. : on Red r., 23S m, N. N. E. Austin City. Large amounts of cotton are shipped here. Prestoxbiteg. p. v., and rap. Floyd co., K;i, : on the W, fork of Big Sandy r., 129 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, several mills and slures, and 200 inhab- itants. Preston Hollow, p. v., Albany county, N. Y. : 27 m. S.W. by W. Albany. It contains several mills, half a dozen stares, and 3oo inhabiUints. Prestonville, v., Khea county. 7!^)?7?. ; on the N. sitie of Tennessee r., 117 m. E. by S. Nashville. Prestonville, p. v., Carroll co., Ky.: on the Ohio, just below the mi)Uth of the Kentucky, 'ZA m. N. N. W. Frank- fort. It has a convenient landing, and contains about SCO irdiabitanls. Pbewiit's Knob, p. o., Barren co., Ky. : 104 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. Price, p. o., Huntington county, Ind. : 76 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. pRicpmuRo, p. v., Monroe co., Perm. : 101 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. pRicKTOW-N, p. v., Berks county. Pern}.: 56 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,400 tons capacity, built prior to 1770. Pricetown, p. 0., HighJand co., Ohio : 62 m. S. by W. Columbus. pRicEviLLE, p. v., Wayne county, Penn.: 119 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Prillaman's, p. 0., Franklin co.^Yirg.: on the N.side of Smith's r., 151 m. W. S. W. Richmond. pRi-MERosE, p. v., Lee CO., la. : 63 m. S. by W. Iowa City. I'eimeeose, I. and p. o., Dane co., Wise: 19 m. S. W, Madison. Drained by Sugar r. Surface rolling; soil very fertile, a large part being vegetable mold and meadow. Farming products of all kinds are gruwn in profusion. Pop. 343. Prince Edward county, r?;v- Situate S. centrally, and contains 255 sq. m. Drained by branches of Appoinaltox r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generally well cidtivated. Chief products, Indian corn and tobacco. It contains Hampden Sidney College, founded in 17S;3, also a prepara- tory academy. Farms421; manuf.S6; dweII.S05, ami pop. — wh. 4,177, fr.'col. 4S3, si. 7,192— total 11,857. Capital: Prince Ed \vard. Public Work's: Richmond and Danville R. R. ; South Side R. E., etc. Prince Edwaed, p. o., Gilmer co., 0ps of wheat and Indian cum. ami has some Rae liiiil^er land^ Farms SS5; manuf.**2S: dwell. 1.S75, and pop.— wh. S.901. fr. eol. 1,13^. si. 11,510— lolaJ 21^0. CapiUUo/Ui^ county: Upper Marlboro'. » Pelnce George C H.. p. v., and cap. Prince George CO., Virg. : 53 m. N. N. E. Kichuiond. It contains the co. buildings and sevend stones. Pkince^ bttv, i,V. y. : on Ihe S. E. side of Stalen Island. It fUmisbes stife anchontjze in a K. K. storm; and is noted for the fine flavored o}-stere it prtKluccs. pRiscsss AssE county, llrff. ;Situatc S. E., and contains 851 sq. m. Drained by North r. and E. branch of Elizabeth r. Surface li-w-l and $<>me\vhal elevateiJ. prtsi-nting tlie ap- pearance of lable-land ; soil fertile. Chief ptxxluolion, In- dian cim. Earms 712, manuf. S, dwell. S93, and pop. — wh. 4,S&0, fr. coL 259, sla. 3,130— total 7,669. Capital: Princess Anne C. H. Prixokss Axnk. p. v., and cap. Somerset co., Jfi. .* near the bead of Macokin r.. 16 m. E. of c'hcjytpeake bay, 6S ra. S. E. Annapolis. Il is regularly laid out. and subslantially built with brick, has a bri$k trade, and contains a court- house, jail, academy, and 700 iDhabitants. The"S. I'^rald"' (whig) is published wccklv. Pkznckss Ann's C. H., p. v., and cap. Princess Anne co., Tirff. : 98 m. S. E. by E. Kichmond. It conUiins a court- house, an academy, and 200 inhabitants. Prdjceton, p. v., and cap. Dalhis co., Ark, : about mid- way between Wachita and Saline rivers, 56 miles S. by W. little Eock, It contains the co. buildings, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Peescetox. p. v., and cap. Bureau co.. Ill,: S m. W. of the niinois, 112 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lies on the bor- der of a la^e prairie, surrounded by a rich farming region, with which it carries on an extensive trade, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, and al>out 20 stores. The "Bureau Advocate'' (free soil) is published weekly. Peixcetox, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Ind, : S m. S. of Fatoka creek, 119 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is sur- Foundetl by a rich farming region, with which it has a brisk trade, and contiiins a court-house, jaiJ, 2 academies, 20 ■tores, and S06 inhabitants. It is 27 miles N. of Evansville, and the same distance S. of Vincennes on the Evansville and Illinois 11. li. Two weekly papers are published, Uie "G. Keview" (whig) and the " Democratic Clarion.'' Pkisoeti^n, p. v., Scolt CO., fa, : on the Mississippi, &4 m. above Davenport, 60 m. £. Iowa City. Pedjcetos, p. v., Jackson co., Ala, : on an E. branch of Paint Roct r., 161 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Peixceton, p. v., Caldwell co., Ky. : 179 miles W. S. W. Frantfort It is a thriving, busy v.. the ft»rraer cap. of the co., with a large trade in grain and other staples, and contains about 500 inhabitants. ^ Pkixcetos. t and p. a, Washington co.. Me, : on the S. ade of Schoodic Lake outlet, a W. affluent of the SL Croix, 12S m. E. N. E. AugusU-u Popi 2S0. Peixcetox, L and p. v., Worcester county. Mass, .* 44 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Nashua and Ware rivers, which furnish mill privileges. Surface rough and hilly. Wachusett Mt. rises in the N. S,0 feet above the ocean, and about 2,000 abovt; the surrounding country. commanding a wide view, and attracting many visitors in the summer months ; soU fertUe and well tilled. A good grazing U, with large dairies and numerous small manufac- tories. Pop. 1.31S. Peixceton, p. v., an ' cap. Washington co., J/i*«£. : on the Mississippi, 74 m. N. W. Jackson. It is the landing place and shipping port for the plantations on Lake Wash- ington, 5 m. E., and contains a court-house, several ware- houses and stores, and SOO inhabitants. pKiNcirr«.'N. p. v.. and cap. Mercer co., Mo. : on Weldon r., a N. affluent of Gmnd r., 140 m. N. W. by N. Jeffereon City. It contains the co. buildings aud several mills and stores. 700 PRO ■ Peixceton. t. and p. b.. Mercer co., .V. Jend of Stony Br<>ok. which b*nirid3 it on three sidt-s, and to the N. • ihc Kin-ky HUl, DraiMtHl cliiefly by crocks falHng into the bn-ok. Surface beautiruily diversirled with liill aud valley, atul simI of aver* age fi'rtilily. The b, is situate fb the S. part of the t.. on .in clevatt^i ridge, c-^mmandingan extensive pni«*pect eastward, and is iHiiU chiefly on one long street, tlie hoiJ>es bi'ing re- markably neat and sul^t^ntial. Lat 40^ 2o' 41" N., and long. 743 S9" 30* W. It is chiefly noted as the location of the College of New JiTsey, one of the oldi-st collegiate estab- lishments in the I'nion. having been foundcil in 1746, at Elizabethtowu ; removed to Newark 174", and to this Iwrongh in 1757. In lS5t) it had 12 professors and 24.S students : and its library containcti 16.0<'0 volumes ; its alumni at thirt date numbered 3,0-Sl. of whom 557 had entered the minislry. In the Law Department there are S professors, and in 1S50, S law students. The college edifice is callwl Nassau Hall ; it is 175 feel long, by 5<1 deep, and 4 stories high ; and besides a chapel, which is 40 feel square, there are other large buildings attached to the college, which contain philosoph- ical apparatus, Uie museum, etc. The bnildings are of stones The Theological Seminar)- of the Prt\yterian Church is also located here. It was founded in 1512. and in 1350 had 5 professors and 153 students. Up to that dale. 1,626 per- sons had receivcjl Ihoir e^Iucation at the instimiion ; and its libnirj* confcuned ll,0iX) volumes. The buiUlings of this institution are also neat, spacious, and convenient. Besides these, there are in borough four church«>s— 2 Pn-sbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 African; and inohiding several me- chanic shops, stores, •« bank, academies and public schools, about 2bO houses. The periodicals pubUsheorongh. 47 m. from New York and 39 m. fK>m Philadelphia. In the I. are*everal miUs, S tannery, and other industrial establishments, but farming is the gonend occupation. Ced.or Grove is a small settlement in the K- W. part of theX, and contains a Methodist church, etc Pop. of L in 1S40, 8.055. and in 1S50.S.021. Princeton was the scene of one of the great battles of the Kevolution, fonghl 3d January. 1777, and which resulted disastrously to Uie American arms. Prdccetox, p. v., Buller county, Ohio: S5 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Peixceton, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn, : 1S7 m. W. X. W, Harrisbui^. Peixcetox. p. v., and cap. Mercer county, Virff. : on Brush cr.. a branch of Blue Stone r., 194 m. W. Kichmond. It contains the co. buildings, and has several mills in its vicinity. Pkixcktox, p. v., Marquette count}-, Wise, : on Xeenah or Fox r., 66 m. N. by E. Madisoa Pkinceville, p. v., Peoria county, JIL : 73 m. N. by W, Springfield. Prince William coimty, T7r^. .• situate N. E., and con- tains 306 sq. m. Drained by Occoquan r. Surface hilly; soil diversified, in general fertile. Chief product Indian com. Farms 579; manuf. 2S; dwell. 99$, and pop. — wh. 5.051. fr. col. 550, si. 2.495— total 8.129. Capital: BreulsvUle. PiMic Works : Alexandria and Orange E. R. ; Man:is&as Gap B. I^ PBtxcF William, p. o.. Carroll county. /nnBuenc© of its N. and S. forks, 74 m. S. E. by B. FrankforL PRO PRO PuocTOR, p. o., Allegan county, JUtch, : 74 m. W. by S. Lansinsf, I'K.wTMi:. p. rt., ^VfU<.I county, Virg. : 224 m. N. W. Kiehiiioini. l*ROCT:/ ■ 702 The public schools supported by the cily are 46 in num- ber, of which 22 are primary, 16 intermediate. 7 grammar, and the High School. In 'these there were, in 16.50, 106 teachers and 6.000 scholars ; and the cost lo the city, $40,553. Besides these, there are upward of .-^0 Simdny schools, with 500 teachers, and bftweeii 5,0l)0 and 6.000 scholars. The newspapers published in rr.>videiK'e are 9 in number— 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and 4 weekly. The *' P. Joumar' (whig), issued daily, semi-wcckly, and weekly editions; the "P. Post" (dem.) daily and weekly; tiie "Morning Mirror" (misc.), a daily; the ** Kepnblican Her- ald" (dem.), send-weekly and weekly, and the "Diadem," a weclvly edition. The most splendid and costly of the church edifices are, the First Congregational church, (tf granite ; St. John's, a stone building ; Grace, a Gothic structure ; Wcstmiiisler Con- gregational, the Beneficent Congregational, Si. Peter's, and St. Patrick's. The First Baptist church, the tpldcst society in the city, is a clean woo-len building. The other churches are in general neat, but not so costly. The colored inhabit- ants have five churches. In the whole city there are up- ward of 30 congregations, including all the principal denom- inations. Dexter Asylum, on a ridge east of the river, is an institu- tion erected on land given to the city by the late Eb. K. Dexter, for the accommodation of the poor. The premises cover 40 acres, and are surrounded by a stone wall 10 feel high and 3 feet thick at the base, which co:*t $22,000. The Asylum is a plain and substantial brick building. 170 feet long, consisting of a centre buihling 3 stories high, and two wings, each 2 stories high. The Butler Hospital for the Insane is located on Seekonk river. It was founded on a legacy of the late M. Brown, amimnting to $3fi.0(i0. and received its prosi-nt name from Ihe late C. Butier, who gave $40,000 toward its. endowment. It was incorporated in 1S44. and, until recrnlly, was known as the Khode Island Hospital for the Insane. On the 31st Dec., 1S50, there were 113 patients in the hospital ; the ad- mittances during the next year were fiS,'and the discharges 54, of which 26 were recovered, and 8 improved, and 16 died. Receipts $24.2.r3, and expenses $21,017. The minimum price of board is $2 25 a week. The State appropriates $1,000 annually to enable the governors to aid the poor in- sane, and also pays a portion of the expenses of such poor insane persons as the towns may choose to send to the hos- pital. The aggregate endowment of Ihe hospital amounts to $133,000. The grouhds belonging to (he insiitulion con- sist of 115 acres, of which 55 are woodland and 60 under cultivation. The building stands on the W. bank of the river, which here expands to a mile in width, anrl admits of an extensive and delightful prospect. Patients were first admitted on the Ist December, 1S47. The State Prison is locaterl here. On the 1st October, 1S50, there were in confinement 37 convicts, and 24 had been committed, and 14 had been discharged during tho ensuing year. The number of persons in Providence jail, at the suit of the State, on the 1st October. 1851, was 57; at the suit of the cily, 11, and 4 debtors. During the year past, 503 had been committed, of whom 4.'J2 were males and 51 females; whiles 473, and colored 30; natives 293, and for- eigners 210; and besides these, 177 persons hail been com- mitted to the house of correction. The convicts in tlieSt.atc Prison are principally employed in shoe-making, and tliose in the Providence county jail at cabinet-work. The P.eform School was established in 1850. The buildings were formerly known as the Tockwotton House, a hotel, pleasantly situate (m high ground, in theS. E. part of the city, overlooking the bay. and large enough to aecommodal-e ISO to 2 lO irmiatvs. it was founded for Ihe instruction and reformation of juve- nile offenders between the ages of 8 and IS years. Tlie first yciiT of it* occupancy, ending Slst October, \>r>). it received 52 convicl-s — 49 boys and 3 girls, and there remaineii, in the inaliiuliou at that date 45, of whom 24 had been committed PRO PUB for theft, 6 for assault 4 for vagrancy, ninl 11 fnr iruuiicy; 42 were bom m tin- Unitcil Suites, and of tlu-ae .31 in UhmJe Islan-i. Of each day, except Sunday. 7^ hours ari.- devoti-d to labor, 5 to school exercises, 2i to meals and ri'creation, 1 to religious exercises, and 8 to sleep. The hibor has been employed in makinir such articles as are needed in the in- BtitMtion and in -housework. An arrangement has been made by the State, by which all juvenile delinquents may be sent to this school. The manuf:ielures of Providence are vahiablft, and con- stantly incfL-asing. Its ^Yau■r-powe^ is fully occupied, and Bteam-power, avrragrng 50 or Co engines of 2(10 to 3(H) horse- power, is also enipioyeil. On the Pawtuckct, and other streams, are extensive factories of cotton and woolen goods. mnchiiie-shops. dyeins: and print works, and wilhin the city are various establishments of similar character. The sawinj; and polishing marble, sawing and planing liral)er. and grinding grain, form extensive occupations; and a hirse capital is itiveste*! in the manufacture of iron of all kinds, machinery, screws, nails, furniture, small wares, shoes and boots, cjirriiiges. jewelry, and an extensive variety of other and no less valuable commodities. The total eapitiil employed in this branch of industry is not much under $6,0(10.000. In 1S40 the capital was only $:J.01'2.6SS. Providence, however, is more a commercial than a manufacturing city, and comrai-rce has been the main pur- suit from the earliest periods. Before the last war wilh Encland, it was successfully engaged in the East India trade, but since this period this and foreign commerce has - gradually declined. In the year ending 30th June, 1S50, only ,50 vessels (:5.4o7 tonsl cleared for foreign ports, and the arrivals were only 69 (lI.TSli tons). The coasting trade is still carried on U) a considerable, and perhaps an increasing extent. The aggregate tonnage ownied in the district in ]sr)i> was H3.712 tons, of which 9.177 tons were registered, 7.29S enrolled and licensed, and 237 tons licensed (under 20 tons). Of th6 registered shipping. 499 t; dividends unpaid, $21,409 ; and nel profits on hand, $592.709 ; and asSfU: debts due from directors, $2t)l.914: from stock- holders, $303,348: and others, $12,031,937; specie actually in bank, $177,078; bills of other bnnks, $525,464; deposits in other banks. $428.464 ; stock of bank. $1,484; and of other banks, etc., $36,S56; real estate, $1^.867; and other property. ?6.3u9— t..tal $14.0ii0.193. The average semi-an- nual dividend amounts to 8 11-16. The retail trade of the city is extensive, and one of the main features in its economy. Stores of cverj' descrijjiion, exhibiting goods of the richest d-scripiions. are numerous, and in the provision trade, both whoUaalo and retail, n large business is done. M-inyrif the stores are equal to those of New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, in the splendor of their assortments and the costly stjie in which ihey are fur- both for passengers and freight, is varied and commodious. Steamboats run regularly to Warr.-n. Bristol, Portsmouth, Newport, Fall River, and New York. The railroads di- verging from Providence are the Boston and Providence Pi. K., the Stoningion R. P., and the Pn^virh-nce and Wor- cester P. R., and others have been chartered to Brislol and Hartford to connect with the through lines. These railroads connect so as not to require change of cars in passing from one to the other. The station biiihiings are extensne, and near the centre of the business portion of the city. They are situateil on three sides of a beautiful sheet (tf water of elliplical form, which constitutes the head of Providence r. ; and between this and the railroad buililinss is a beautiful promenade, SO feet wide, whieh ia well laid out in gravel walks and grassed plots, and ornamented witli shade trees. The water is inclosef 'he Hlue Ridge, 93 m. W. Richmond, there is ample nir;iii3 of rapid communication by railroad Pi^ni.ic Sqdake, p. v., Greene CO., Hit, and sleaml>oat; aud the communication with the interior, ' Milledgevilie. ■ 48 m. N. N. E. 708 PUC PnfKETAS, r- "•, -Westmoretand CO., Penn. : 124 m. W. Harrisbufg. PiTEBLA, p. o., Wcstmorelanrt CO., Penni PtniBLA, p. o., Bro>,n co., 0M« : T9 m. S. S. W. Colnmbus. Ptn^RCO river. If. Mex. : ris.-s in the Sierra Madre m lat. SGO N and flows 9. Iiy E. nearly parallel with the Del Norte, into which it falls opposite the village of Ciboletta, and 12 m. N. of Socorro, after a course of 120 m. Its niam tributary is the San .Jos6, a stream rising netu- the Zuni Pass of the Sierra. . . PncET-s sound, Waadngton Rr. r a large sound in the N W. part of the old Oregon Territory, being the 8. part of Admiralty I.det, and eommnnicating with the Paciflc Oeean by the strait, of De Fuoa. It receives several sma rivers,-and is f.dl of islands. Olympia is the pnr.cpal port on to waters, and there are numerous new settlements along 'T.r^:H^.,p.o.,Fra„klinco.,A. Car.: STm.N.N.E. ^ptfuTOWi,, p. v., Chester CO., Penn.i on a branch of French cr., 63 m. E. by S. Harris-burg. „ -r . „„ PtTCSLEVs DEPOT, p. o. and sta., Tompkms co., KT.on the Cayuga and Susquehanna K. E., 19 m. N. of Owego, 131 m. W. by 9. Albany. , . . PtTLASKi county, Ar/c. Situate centrally, and contains 1,151 sq. m. Drained by Arkansas r., which runs centrally through it, and by its several branches. Surface diversified , soil in general fertile, and is well adapted to gram and gra^s. There is a quantity of good timber on the land larms 806; manuf. U; dwell. 808, and pop.-wh 4,526, fr. col 13 si 1 119-total 5,658. Ory)i-W.- Little Eoek. Puhho Work^: several proposed railroads from the Mississippi. PuL,«Ki county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and conLains 758 so m Oomiilgee r. runs through it in a nearly central direcUon, by which and its tributaries it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fcTtile, and is best adapted to cotton-wheat and Indian corn are produced, and the hilly portions make good pasturage for cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., which are annually exported. Pine timber abounds. Farms 811 ; manuf. 2 dwen. 701, and pop.-wh. 8,784, fr. col. 89, si. 2,S04-total 6 627. Capital: Hawkinsville. ■ PoLisa county. HI. Simate 9., and contains 162 sq. in. Drained by a tributary of the Ohio, which forms Us b. 1.. boundary. Surface generally level, excepting Hie bluffs on the Ohio shore; soil fertile. Pine timber is found on the land Fanns 266 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 418, and pop.-wh. 2 267, fr. col. 8-lotal 2,265. Capital: North Caledonia. Pttw'iC IForl-s.- Illinois Central K.K. POLABKI county, M. Siuiate toward the N. W., and contact 432 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and Us br^nXs SurLe varicd-for the most part it is level but through the county there are occasional ridges of low hi Is- J^r.-e portion is prairie and thickly covered wuh t.mber; «deralely fertile-the wet prairies when drained make go "». ; at the head ofabranchofllalchoer., 114 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. It contains the county buildinsrs.an academy, and several sinres. PuRDT t'REEK, p. o., Stcuben CO., jV. Y. : 196 ra. \V. by S. Albany. PrKDT's Station, p. o., Westchester co., iV; T.: on the E. side of Croton r., and on the line of the Ilarlem R. E., lOG m. from Albany. PuEviR, p. v., Sullivan co., A'l K .' 6S m. S. W. Albany. PusEYviLLE. p. v.. Lancaster CO., Penn. PcSHAw lake, Penobscot co.. J/^. ; a small lake, 8 m. long and a mile wide, conneeting in the N. with Bead stream, and having its outlet thrnuilant8. The Mobile and Ohio E. II. passes tlirough it. QoiTMAN, p. v., Benton county, .<4/(X. ; 103 m. N. N. E, Montgomery. QriTMAS, p. 0., Van Buren oounty. Ark. : on N. fork of < ;i'lron cr., iJ m. N. Little Kock. Quito, p. v.. Talbot co., G^.: on the W. line of the co., .n m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. Quiver, p. o., Mason county, UL : 27 m. N. by W. Springfield. Quoddy (or West QroDDv) Head, Me. : at the S. side of entrance into West Quoddy bay, in lat. 44° 49' IS'' N., and long. 60° 59' W. West Quoddy Head Light-house is located on tliis headland. QuoGUE. p. v., Suffolk CO., 2f. Y. : on the S. side of Long Island, on a neck between Shinnecook and East bays, 14f> m. E. 8. E. Albany. It is a small, sc^ittered, Tint pleasant place, and is nuich resorted to as a summer retreat. QroNO'^aoNTAUG, p. v., Washington county, E. I. : 29 m. S. by W. Providence. R. Raiidit river, Allegan co., Mich. : rises in the N. E. part of the CO., flows S. S. W., and enipLius into the Kalamazoo r., 7 m. from its mouth. Kahuitsvlllk, p. c, Logan county, A'y. .■ 142 m. S. W. Frankfort. Uabiut Town, p. a, Benton eo., Ala. : 103 ra. N. N. E. Montgomery. IlAiuiN county, Gd. Situate N. E., and contains 31 S sq.m. Chatooya river runs on the K. and Terrora thr<»ugh the S. and W., by which and llieir branches it is drained. Sur- face elevated, and forms, for the most part, table-land. In (he E. and W. it is hilly, the Blue Ridge forming its eastern boundary; soil fertile. Agriculture is the leading pursuit with a large portion of the inhabitants. Pine and other timber is found of excellent quality. Farms 2S3 ; manuf. 0; dwelh3S5, and pop.— wh. 2,3=33, fr. col. 0, si. 110— tota! 2,44S. Capital: Clayton. Fublio Works: Eabua Gap li. R. (proposed). Kacinb county, Wi.sc. Situate S. E., on Lake Michigan, and contains 339 sq. m. Drained by Fox, Pike, Koiit, and Des Piaines rivers and their attiuenls, which supply good water-power. Surface uneven, and diversified with lakes; soil a rich loam, and very productive. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms 971 ; manuf. 104; dwell. 2,57&!, and pop.— wh. 14.907, fr. col. CO— total 14.973. Capital : Racine. Publie Works : Chicago, Milwaukie, and Green Bay, R. K- Racink, t., p. c, and cap. Racine co., Wise: bordering on Lake Michigan, 73 ni. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Root r., which, passing through in a S. K. direction, flows inttt the lake. Surface undulating; soil of good quality. The v. is at the mouth ol Root r., in lal. 42° 49' m" N., aud long. 87° 40' 92" W. It contains the court-house, jail, atul oilier pubbc buildings; store-houses and oilier piaees of business, of various descriptions. printing-oUices, I'le., and an Episcopal college has been established here — Ruswei! Parks, D.U., President. The imports for 1S51 amouutt-il to $1. 452,7.50, and the exports $050,9oO. The exports consist chiefly in wheat, of which a large quantity is raised in the t an<^ vicinity. Racine is a flourishing place, and bids fair soon to become an important commercial point for the Slate. The publie pre^s consists of 5 papers — the "Conmiercial Advertiser" O'em.), " Olil Oaken Bucket" (Temp.), " Racine Ad vocxite" (dem.), and Ihe *' Deniocratton" (dem.), all weekly issues; and the "Wisconsin Farmer" (agrl.), a monthly issue. The Green Bay, Milwaukie and Chicago R. R. passes through it. Pop. of the city 5,103, and of the t. 53S0. Racket lake and river, jV. Y. : the lake is in N. part of Hamilton co., an irregular body of water, 14 m. long, 2 to 5 m. wide, aboun»iing with large trout, etc. It connects with Long lake, from which flows Racket river, li5 m. long, which enters the SU Lawrence, nearSt. Regis. Racket Rm:r., p. o., SI, Lawrence co., K. Y. Racoon, p. o., Marion co., Ill : 95 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Racoon, t., Gallia co., Ohio: SS m. S. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Racoon cr. Surface diversified; soil generally fertile. Centreville is a small settlement on a branch of the stream. Pop. of t. 1.474. Racoon, p. o., Preston county, Mrg.: 177 m. N. W. Richmond. Racoon river, Bad .\x co.. Wise: flows through N. W. part of the co., into Mississippi r. Racoon Fonn, p. o., Culpepper co., Yirg.: on bank of Rapid Ann r., 15 m. above its onlrance into Rappahannock r., 63 m. N. W. by N. Richmond. P^AcooN Island, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Racoon island is in the Ohio r., below Galhpolis, ;iiid near the moulh of Racoon creek. 707 EAC RAL Eacooh Yallky, p. o., Knox county, Tenn. : 159 m. E. Nashville. Eadfobdsville, p. 0., Perry co., Ala, : $4 m. W. X. W. Montgomery. Kaunor, t. and p. v., Delaware co., 0?iio: on E. siile Of Scioto r.. SO in. N. N. "W. Columbus. Surface rolling, and well timbered ; soil fertile. This town is principally in- habited by Wulsh, and received its name from a place in "Wales. The v. is located about 1 m. E. of the Scioto river. Pop. of t. Ifim. Kadnok, t. and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : SI m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by Darby cr. and other streams. Surface level; soil rich and fertile. It has several manu- factures. The Philadelphia and Columbia E. E. passes through it. Pop. 1,3T'2. Eagged mountains, -A^ JTmtip. : 25 m. N. N. "W. Concord. Are a bleak precipiLoas range, abuut 10 m. long, between Andover and Ilill, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet high. Eaglesville, p. o., Daviess co., Iiui. : 79 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. Eahway, t.. p. v., and sta., Essex coimty, N. Jer. : on Eahway r., 35 m. N. E. Trenton; by New Jersey E. E., 20 m. from New York, and 67 m. from Philadelphia. Tbe v., chiefly in "Woodbridge t, Middlesex co., is partly in Eahway t. Essex co., on both sides of Eahway r. at tlie head of tide, 5 m. from its mouth. It contains 7 churches, an acar Upper Kanawha. Surface rougli and mountainous ; soil in some parts fertile. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, pork, etc. Farms 216 ; manuf, — ; dwell. 296, and pop.— wh. 1,735, fr. col. 7, si. 23— total 1,765. ('apitnl: Beekley. Raleigu. p. T., and cap. Smith co., Mi-%8. : 44 m. E. S. E. Jackson. Drained by a creek of Leaf r., and contains the county buildings, etc. Ealsuhi, p. city, and rap. Wake coimty, y. Car.: and capital of the Slate of North (;ari)liiia, about 6 m. W. of 703 Neuse r., in lat 85^ 47' N., and long. 78° 48* "W.— 2SG m. from "Washington. Smithfield, 37 m. S. E., is the ordinary pomt of navigation, but in high stages of the water, vessels cora^ up within 8 m. of Ealeigh. It has an elevated and pleasant situation in a healthy counlrj", and is laid out with great regularity. In the centre is Union Square, containing 10 acres, from which extend four streets, 99 feet wide, dividing it into quarters. In the centres of these quarters are other squares, each of 4 acres, intersected as the prineipaj square by streets 66 feet wide. The public buihlings aro the State-house, court-house, the Ni^th Carolina Institution for the instruction of tho deaf and dumb, county jail, a market-house, the Governor's house, office of the Secr;-tary of Slate, and 7 churches. The State-house, next t<> that of Ohio at Columbus, surpasses in architectural beauty, those of all other States. It is built after the model of the Parthenon at Athens, and is located on Union Square. The building is 166 feet long hy 90 feet wide, and is sur- rounded by massive columns of granite, 5i feet in diameter, and 30 feet high. A beautiful dome surmounts the building. The chambers occupied by the Legislature are spacious and commodious. The cost of erecting this noble structure, was abuut $500,000. The former State-house, containing a flno statue of "Washington, by Canova, was destroyed by fire in 1S31. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is located near the State-house on a four acre lot, and pro\i3ion is also made for the erection of a State Lunatic Asylum. Ealeigh is a place of considerable business, and has numerous work- shops, stores, etc., 2 banks— cap. $450,000, and supports 10 newspapers, 3 issued semi-weekly, the " Primitive Baptist" (relig.), the "Southern Advocate" (relig.), and the "E. Eegister" (whig); 6 weekly, the "Eecnrder*' (relig.). the "Spirit of the Age" (temp.), the "E. Times" (whig), the ''N. Car. Standard" (dem.), the "N. Car. SUir" (whig), and the " E. Eegister," the last an edition of the semi-weekly of the same name ; and 1 semi-monthly, the " Deaf Mute" (liter.). There are four good academics in the city, and several common schools. Ealeigh is intersected by the North Carolina Central E. E., which connects it E. with the sea-board at Newbern, and W. wit(i the S. Carolina railroads at Charlotte; and passing through fertile and populous counties, this road will have the ctfect of-siinmlatiiig the trade of the city itself. The G:iston and Ualeigh P E. also terminates here, giving il access to the north. Pop. jd 1S40, 2,244, and in 1850, 4,51S. liALEiGH. p. v., and cap. Sidine co., 121.: on a branch of Saline creek, on a pleasant elevation, 149 m. S S. E. Springfield. Raleigb. p. v., au'I cap. Shelby co., Teiin.: on N. side of Wolf cr., ISl m. W. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court- house, jail, etc., and about GOO inhabifariLs. Ealeigh, p. o., Eush co., Ind. : on E. bank of Flat Eock cr., 39 m. E. Indianapolis. Ealeigh, p. v., Union co., Ky.: on E. side of Ohio r., 6 m. below the mouth er on the land. Bituminous coal of good quality is found in large ((uantity. Farms 993; nianut. 47: dwelL 1,157. and pop.— wh. 7,265, fr. col. 1?, si. 2,156 — total 9,4:39. i'ajiitirl: Uuntsville. Randolph county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- tains 724 si|. m. Drained by Deep r. and its branches, and branches of Yadkin r. Surface various; sod a deep loam and very ftTtile, nuich of it being ada[)led to grazing. Chief produetif the mountains, and branches of East fork on the W. side, all Constituting head branches of Monou- gahela r. Surface mountainous; soil in stmie parts fertile, well adapted to grazing. Chief proTie co., Mch,: 61 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Rat county, J/o. Situate toward the N. W., and con- tains 563 eq. m. Drained by Cn.oked r. and its K. and W. forks, and by other small streams, all flawing into the Missouri, which forms its S. boundary. Surface undulating; soil very fi-rtile, and produt-es in abunrlancc corn, wheat, fruits, ete. Tobacco is grown, and there is some fine tim- b(T land. Limestone abounds. Farms 8:3^; manuf. 30; dwi'tl. 1,457. and pnp.—wh. S,S34, fr. col. 25, si. 1,514— total 10.373. Capital : Richmond. Ray. t. ami p. o., Macomb co.. dHch. : S3 m. E. Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Clinton river, which affords water- linwer. Pop. 1,232. Ray Centke, p. o., Macomb county, JHcIi. : S3 m. E. Lansing. Raymertown, p. o., Rensselaer co., iV. Y. : 20 m. N. E. Albany. Raymond, t. and p. o., Cumberland county, ^f^. : 44 miles S. "W. Augusta. Sebngo pond forma its S. W. boundary. Chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Pop. 1,14*2. Raymond, p. v., and cap. Hinds co., Mifts.: on a small branch of Pearl r., 14 m. "W. by S. Jackson, It contains a court-house, several stores, and is a centre of some trade. A branch of the Vieksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R. comes up t^> the village. Pop. about 5iio. Raymond, t., p. o., and sta., Rockingham co.. iV. ITarup. : 23 m. S. E. Concord. Drainer! by Lamprey river and its branches, on which the soil is productive. The Port-snioutli and Concord R. R. passes throngli the t., 23 m. from Ports- mouth, 24 from Concord, Pop. 1,256. Ray:*iond. t. and p, o., Racine co., Wixe. : 75 m. E. by S. Malumbus. Raymondvillk, p. o., St. Lawreuco county, ^V! Y. : on W. side of Raeket r., 160 ni. N. N. W. Albany. ' Raynuam, t., Bristol county, Ma>ts.: 29 miles S. Boston. Drained by Taunton river, wliieh forms its S. l)order. and afTords water-power. Surface level; soil light. The first forge in the United States was erected in this town in 1652, and iron to a consi5. Redfield Dep6t, p. o., Kenneliec county. J/i'. ; 11 m. W. by N. Augusta, and by Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad, 59 m. from Portland. Rfadino, t., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co., M'l.tfi.: 12 ra. N. Boston. Drained by Ipswich river. Surface diversified; si'il generally good, and in some parts excellent. The manufacture of iron, shoes, cliairs, and cabinet-ware is ex- tensively prosecuted. The Boston and Maine R. R. passes through the v.. which is located in the S. part, and the Sa- lem and Lowell R. R. crosses it in the N. Pop. 3,108. Peadino, t. and p. o., Hillsrlale co.. J//.-//. .■ 66 ni. S. by "W. Lansing. Surfaee iliversilied ; soil rich sandy loam, lu its W. part is a long p.md, from which flows Hog r. in N. N. E. course. Pop. 956. Reading, t. and p. o.. Steuben co., A^.1'; 164 m.W. byS. Albany. Drained l>y small streams running inlo Seneca lake, whicli on ttu> E. forms its Ixmndary. Surface elevated and rolling; s-iil clay anllvill river, 50 m. E. Uarrisburg. Laid out in 174S by Tlionias and liicliard Penn, proprietaries and governors of the province, and settled chiefly by Germans, whose descendants constitute a large portion of its present population. The streets .are spacious and straight, crossing at right angles. In a central square stands a splendid coart-hi»use, 200 feet long by 220 deep, having an imposing portico with 6 columns of retl sandstone — cost .^59.000. Be- sides jiuttlic oflices, are a jail, 3 banks — eapi'al $-500,000, an acailemy, female seminary, 3 public libraries, and 13 churches. The Lutheran and the German Reformed churches are large anil handsome structures, with lofly spires, the former 201 feet high. The natural position of Reading, its faeilrtiea of commuincation with Iho interior coal rcL'ion, and the s-'a-coast, and its highly industrious populalion. have made it the centre of an active trade and of extensive manufactures. The Schuylkill Navigation Canal, extending from Port Carbon in the anthracite coal region above Potlsville to Philadelphia, passes through Beading, and tlie Union Canal extends hence to Middle- town, on the Susquehanna. The Philadelphia and Read- ing II. R. {now extended to Potlsville) passes through the place, 5S m. from Philadelphia. A line of railroad is pro Jecled to Harrisburg. There are various largo manufacto- ries. One anthracite t>l;ist furnace has an annual capacity of 3.500 tons, and produced in 1S49 3 250 tons, employing steam-power and 50 men. One hut-bl.ist charcoal furnace has an annua! capacity of 1,5.10 tons, using water-power, em- ployinir40 men. and produced in 1849 450 tons. One cold- blast charcoal furnace has an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, employing 100 mon, using water-power, and made in 1S49 711 KEA RED 897 ions. One forge, employing sU^'am-power and 14 men, has an annual capacity of GOO tons. Tiiere are S charcoal forges, employing W men; and 2 rulling-miils, employing 8tcain-powt-r and 215 men, which made in 1S49 2.6i)0 Ions. The manufacture of hats for the southern and western mar- kets is a large bu^ir/ss. A cotton factory, making fine mus- lins, produi-es about S,000 yards daily. There are also large flouring-mills, a nail factory, breweries, tanneries, a pottery, lumber yards, etc. "White wines of excellent quality are manufactured. Beading is supplied with water by an aqueduct from a spring on Penn's Mount, contlucled into a reservoir, and thence distributed Uiruugh the streets in iron pipes. Two fine covered bridges eross the Scliuyikill, hero GOO feet wide, one of which cost $GO,noO. Iron ore and limestone are found in the vicinity. ■Wat»_T-power is fur- nished by the Schuylkill and Talpehnchea creek. In 1S50 9 newspapers were publislied weekly, of which 4 were in German, viz., *'R. Eagle" (dem.), "Utrks and Schuylkill Journal" (whig), " Berks Co. Press" (dem.), '■ People's Ad- vocate" (neuu), '• Gazette and Democrat" (dem.), " Ham- burger Schnell Post" (neut»), "LiberaleBeobachler" (whig), *' Der Geist der Leil'" (dem.), and " Keadinger Adler" (neuU) The citizens of Reading are noted for Iheir general inteUi- gence and refinement, as well as for industrial enterprise. Pop. in ISIO, 3,4G3; in 1S20, 4,332; m 1S30, 5,S50; in 1S40, 8,410 : in 1S50, 15,74S. Reading, t., Adams county, Penn. : 12 ra. N. Gettysburg. Drained by Couewago creek and Muddy Run, a brancli of Bermudian creek. Surface level; soil red shale and slate. The V. of Berlin is on Conewago creek. The t. has several potteries, etc., and 1,201 inhabitants. Reading, t. and p. o., Fairfield co., Conn. : 47 ra. S. "W. Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Norwalk rivers. Surface diversified: soil of average fertility. The v. is near the a^ntre. and contains 2 churches and several dweUings. Pop. of t. 1.754. Reading, t and p. o., "Windsor co., Verin. : 56 m, S. fcy E. Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Black and Queechee rivers, and by Mill creek. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil well adapted to grazing. Considerable manufactures carried on, but the chief occupation of the people is farming. Pop, 1,171. Reading, p. v., Livingston county, Jll.: 97 m. N. E. Springfield. Reading Centre, p. v., Steuben county, y. T.: 167 m. W. by S. Alliany. Readinii Ridge, p. v., Fairfield county, (7mm. : in tlie E. part of L of Reading, 4G^ ra. S. W. Harllord. Readington, t. and p. o., Hunterdon co., JV! Jei'.: 22 m. N. Trenton, brained by 8. branch of Raritan r., aud by Rockaway r. and branches. Surface, except in the S. W., hilly; soil red shale, clay, and loam. It is crossed by the New Jersey Central K. R. 28 m. from Easton, and 34 ra. from Elizabeth town. The villages of "White House, Me- chanicsvitle, etc., are in Readington. Pop. 2,s:36. READSUono', t and p. o., Bennington co., Verm-. : 106 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Deerfield river ami branches. Surface mountainous, and much of the land unfit for cultivalion. Pop. S57. Readville. sta., Norfolk co., 3lasB. : on the Boston and Providence R, R., 8 m. S. Boston. Readtvillk, p. v., Rutherford co., Teim. : on Stone's r., a tributary of Cumberland r., 39 m. S. E. by K. Nashville. Reamstown, p. v., Lancaster co.. Peim.: on E. side of branch of Coneatoga cr., 39 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Ebaville, p. o., Hunterdon co., H. Jer. : 25 ra. N. N. "W. Trenton. Rebecca FtrRNACK, v., Botlctourtco., Virg. : on a branch of James r., navigable for boats of 5 or 7 tons, 3\ ni. to the works. There is a white sulphur spring iu the vicinity. REBEBSitCRG. p. V., Centre co., Penn.: on a branch of Penn's creek, aud N. of Brush .Mountain, 55 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. It contains about 2iio inliabiUmtg. 712 Recklesstown. p. v., Burlington co., A'. Jer. : on N.side of Horner's cr., 10 m. S. by E. Trenton, Rector's Cross Roads, v., Fauquier county, Virg. : 95 m. N. by W, Richmond. Kectoi'.town, p. v., Fanquier co,, Virg. : 1 ra. S. Goose creek, an*! 96 m. N, by W. Kiohniond. It contains several floori tig-mills and stores, and a church. Red Bank, p. o., Lawrence county, Ai'k. : 1 ra. N. from Spring r., 114 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. Red Bank, p. v., Monmoulh co., K. Jfir. : on S. bank of Nevisink r., 36 ra. E. by N. Trenton. This place is much resortt-d to in the summer, and a steamboat runs between it and New York several times a day during the season. : ea air, fishing, and rural sports arc the attractions. The North American Phalimx have a settlement near this vil- lage, respecting which, and other societies of a like nature, the following letter from Charles Sears, secretary to the association, will prove of great interest and value to in- quirers : The North American Phalanx, i NeiD Jersey^ April 13, 1S53. J Dear Sir — I received your letter of 9th inst, and, in accordance wiih your suggestion, inclose herewith a sum- mary statement of our aims, organization, and statistics. It is brief as I could well make it. Ours, I believe, is the only association in this country or in the world that adopts Fou- rier's formula of organization. A good many similar at- tempts have been made, but hitherto without success. There arc other forms of association in this country, and those within my knowledge are : Uoj^edtiU Community^ in Milford, Ma'^s., Rev. Adin Bal- low, leader. This is a non-resistant Christian fraternity, having many interests in common, and some separate in- terests. • Raritan Bay Union, near Perth Amboy, New Jersey, is about organizing this spring. This body proposes to asso- ciate capital, and when expedient or desirable, they will co- operate industrially. George B. Arnold, resident director, Perth Amboy. Modem Tiines, Long Island, 40 miles from Brooklyn, Josiah Warren, leader. This is an atti-mpt to organize, (jr, rather, to institute justice upon a scientific basis, viz., '' In- dividual Sovereignty," recognizing competition, and repu- diating institutions, government, etc The German stwie ties, such :i3 the Ebenezer Soci^, near Buffalo, New York; T^te Society at Zoar^ Ohio, under J. liimeler; Rapp's Society, at Economy, on the Ohio, near Beaver, Penn. I believe these societies ditfiT from each ^ other, but I am not familiju- with their distinctive principles. The Icaritiiui, at Nauvoo, Illinois, under Cabet. The Perfection isin, at Oneida, New York, J. II. Noyea, leader. There are a number of these Christian commuui- tic.**, claiming a scientific as well as a religious basis of or- ganization, and of all of which I believe Ihat Mr. J. H. Noyes of Brooklyn, New York, is the acknowledged head. Finally, The Shakers, who also are now in the field us prop:igandi8t reformers. I had forgotten to mention a society of Spiritualists, that went out last year under the direction of Rev. T. L. Harris, late of New York City. This place^is called Mountain Cove, somewhere in Western "Virginia."^ I am very respectfully yours, Charles Skars, Secretary. R. S. Fisher, Esq., Brooklyn. The North American Pualanx Association, Monmouth County, near Red Sank; 2^. Jer. This Association was organized, not for the purpose of correcting any special f >rm of evil, but to Institute Posi- TivK lIiGHTs; which, being accomplished, \vkongs, conse- quently CKASK. Thosf who liave been active in establishing this Institu- tion, bLliev*? wilh the associative school, that exisiijig civil- ' RED RED Izatlon, as well as the forms of society that prect'ded it. are phasL'S ill the growth of the Human Race; and that the presi.'Ut anLigoiiism of iat^-resls and othtr disoranL There are two landings from the river, eiilled Upper and Lower. Tlie v. of Upper Red Hook is ab'iiil 4 m. back from the landjnir, and contains a rhurch, an aca'leniy. seve- ral stores, and 300 inhabitants; and that of Lower Red Hook, about 3 m. from the lower landing, and is a somewhat large settlcTuent. There are other villages in tlie tnw«. of which Tivoli and Barrytown on tho river and railroad are the* largest. Factories of various dtseriptions are established in tlie villages. Pop. of t. 3.263. Red IIot'SE. p. o., Chariolle co., Virg. : 74 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Red HtjuSE Shoals, p. o.. Putnam co., Vinj. : on Kan- awha r.. 2r,5 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Red Jacket, p. o., Erie Co., X. Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. Red Land, p. v.. Pontotoc co., Mi^s. : on Loohaton cr.j 9 m. S. Pontotoc, and 141 in. N. E. by N. Jackson. Red Land, p. o.. Bossier parish, La.: 214 miles N. W. Baton liouge. Red Lion, hund. and p. o,. New Castle co., Dt'l : 82 m. N. by W. Dover. Tlie hund. contains an area of 13,900 acres. Drained by Red Lion creek, on the N. side of which and on the New Castle and I'renchtown R. R. is situate the V. of Red Lion, which derives its name from the principal tavern. The hund. is strictly a farming country, and con- tains about 1,600 inhabitanla. Red Li' n. p. v., Warren county, Ohio: 73 m. W. S. W. C(»Uimluis. It contains several mechanic phnp^, and about 200 inhabitanla. Red Lion, v.. Buriington co., A\ Jer. : 4 m. S. of Rancocxis cr, and 22 m. S. Trenl')n. 718 KED REE Redman, p. o., Jackson county, Ala. : 16T miles N. Montg'iraery. Ked Mills, p. o., Putnam co., y. T. : on a branch of Crolon r., SS ni. S. Albany. Red Mound, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. : 97 m. W. S. W. Nnshville. Red Mountaik, p. o., Orange co., 2^. CVir. : 83 m. N. "W. Efllfiph. Red Oak, p. c, Fayette county, Ga. : S5 ra. "SV. N. W. Milled geviUe. Red Oak, p. o., Ellis co., Tex.: 165 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Red Oak Grove, Burlington co., JV. Jer. Red Oak Geove, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : 73 m. S, "W. Richmond. Red Plains, p. o., Yadkin co., 2f. Car. : 115 m. "W. by N. Raleigh. Red River county, Tex. Situate N. E., and 'contains 1,312 sq. ra. Red river forms its northern boundary, by branches of which and of Sulphur fork of Red river it is drained. Surface undulating and diversified ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton and corn. It is well timbered. Farms 1C6: manuf. 7; dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 2,493, fr. col. 7, si. 1,406— total 8,906. Capital: Clarksville. Red River, p. o., Robertson county, Tenn.: 30 m. N. Nashville. Red river, Zrt., Arl:^ etc. : is the first large r. which enters the Mississippi above its mouth. It rises at the base of the range of Rocky Mountains, near Santa F6, in Mexico, and Is formed by several miiin branches. It receives several large tributaries, the principal being Blue r. and False Wa- shita. The 8. bank forms for a great distance the boundary between the IT. S. territories and Texas. A greater part of its course is through rich prairies of a red soil, which colors the water of the r., and has been the origin of its name. Its shores are covered with grass, and abound with grape- vines, which produce an excellent fruit. About 100 m. above Nachitoches commences what is denominated the Raft, which consists of a swampy expansion of the r., to the width of 20 or 30 m., and length of 60 or 70 m. The r. divides Into a great number of channels, many of which are shallow, and have been obstructed by fallen trees, brought down by floods from its upper parts. In some places the raft covered the whole r., and had grass and willows growing on the alluvial soil collected on it. and could even be crossed on horseback, though not without danger, but more generally the r. appeared between the masses of limber. At a great expense this raft has been so far removed by the United States government that steamboats pass through it. Boats Bometimes pass the raft by leaving the r. above it, in a channel which flows out of it into some neighboring lake, and following the outlet of this lake until it joins the r., brlow the raft. This rafl baa been a serious obstnielion, as the r. M-oidd otherwise be navigable for steamboats 400 miles, and* tlie lands on its borders are highly fertile, and desirabk? for cultivation for a great distance above the raft. Below the raft, and 4 m. above Nachitoches, the whole volume of the r. is again united, but very soon divides into m.any channels, and fills an immense number of bayous and lakes that lie parallel to it. In its lower part the main channel of the r. is narrower than above the raft. Red River Ikon Works, p. v., Estill co., Xy. .' on S. side of Red r, 55 ra. E. S. E. Fraukf irt. Iron in abundance here and in vicinity, and worked successfully. Ef.d River Landino. p. o., Point Coupee par.. La.: on S. bank of Red r., 43 m. X. W. Baton Rouge. Red Rock. p. o., Marion co., fa.: on N. bank of Des Moines r.. 94 m. W. by 8. Iowa City. Red Rock, p. c, Upshur co., Tex.. : 247 ra. N. E. Austin City. Red Rock, p. o., Ramsey co., Minn. Ter. Red SnoAi.s. p. o., Stokes co., N. Car, : 102 m. W. N. W. Baleigh. T14 Red Spring, p. o., Polk county, Tenn, : 13S m. S. E. by R Nashville. Rkd Stone, t and p. o., Fayette county, Penn. : 155 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Monongahela r., which bounds it on the W., and affords good water-power Mills of various descriptions arc in operation. On the r. ia Brownsville, a flourishing v., 12 m. N. W. Uuiontown. Pop, oft. about 1.400. Red Sulphur Springs, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn, : 97 m. S. W. Nashville. Red S l-lpu[7r Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : on Indian cr., ISl m. W. Richmond. The waters of these and other neighboring springs are highly recommended for certain curative effects. "The approach to the village," says a visitor, "is beautifully romantic and picturesque. Wending his way around a high mountain, the traveler is for a mo- ment charmed out of his fatigue by the sudden view of his resting-place, some hundreds of feet immediately beneath him. Continuing the circuitous descent, he at length reaches a ravine, which conducts hira, after a few ragged steps, to the entrance of a verdant glen, surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains. The S. end of this enchanting v-ile, which is the widest portion of jt, is about 200 feet in width. Its course is nearly N. for 150 yards, when it begins gradu- ally to contract and change its direction to the N. W. and W., until it terminates in a narrow point. This beautifully se- cluded Tempe is the chosen site of the village. The S. portion, just at the base of the east and west mountains, is that upon which stand the various edifices for the accoramc^ dation of visitors. These buildings are spacious unci con- veniently arranged ; the servants are prompt and obedient ; and the titfjle de hole is abundantly supplied with every thing that can tempt the appetite. The promenades aro beautifully embellished, and shaded from the mid-day sun by large su£jar maples, the natives of the forest." Red Wing, p. o., Waba^haw co., Minn. Ter. Redwood, p. v., Jefferson co., J^. Y. : on W. side of Indian r., 152 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several manufactiiring establishments and about 200 inhabitants. Redwood, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : ISO m. E. Nashville. Reed island, Pulaski county, Vlrg,: on New r., 1S5 m. W. by S. Richmond. Reed, t., Seneca co., Ohio: 9 m. N. Colnmbu'?. Drained by creeks of Sandusky and Huron rivers. Surface elevated and rolling; soil fertile. Farming is the sole occupation pursued. Pop. 1,494. Reed Creek, p. c, Randolph county, Al Car.: 72 m. W. Raleigh. Reedsburo, p. 0.. Sauk co.. Wise. : on E. bank of Baraboo r.. 45 ni. N. W. Madison. REEDSBcTtrt, p. v., Wajme co., Ohio: on E. side of Muddy fork of Walhonding r., 72 m. N. E. by N. Colnmbus. Rerd's CouNEia, p. o., Ontario county, X. Y. : 1S6 m. W. Albany. Read's Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., Ark. : on Reed's or. of Strawberry r., 95 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. Reed's Febky, p. o., llillsboro' co., N". ITamp. : on E. sido of Mcrrimae r., 25 m. S. by E. Concord. The Concord K. R. pa^*se3 this place 9 m. N. Nashua. A normal school f tr the education of t*!achers, was erected here in 1S49, at an ex- pense of$5,5no. Reed's Grove, p. o., Will county, lU.: 183 m. N. E. Springfield. Reed's Landing, p. o., Wabashaw co., 3finn. Ter. Reed'6 Mills, p. o., Vinton county, Ohio: 54 m. 8. S. E. Columbus. Rkei>'s Setti-ement, p. 0., Panola county, Tece.: 247 m. N. K. by E. Austin City. Ref.wviu.k, Miftlin co., Penn. : on W. side of branch of Kishishiocoquil cr. of .Tuniata r., 46 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Reedtown, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio: 77 m. N. Cduinbus. Reedy Bbancu, p. o., Moore co., iV. Car. : 4S m. S. W. Raleigh. KEE Ekedy Creek, p. v., Jefferson oo., Ga. : 55 m. E. N. K. Miltedgeville. Eeedt CitEEK, p. o., Marion disU, S. Car. : SO m. E. by N. CJoIumbia. Eeedy Kipple, p. o., Wirt co., Virg. : 231 m. "W. N. W- Richmond. liEKDYvrLLE, p. 0., Wirt count}', Viri;. : 2-32 ni. W. N. W. Eichmond. Eeelfoot, p. c, 01)ion co.. Term.: 145 m. "W. Nashvillu. Eeel's Mill, sta., Putnam co., Jnrf.: on the Terre Haute and Richnimd E. II., 4S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. Eeem'9 Ckf.ek, p. u., Buncombe co., Jf. Car: 21 G m. W. Eal.-if;;h. ■ UktSE's Mill, p. o., BiK)ne co., Ind. : 30 m. N. N. "W. Indianapolis. Eefokm, p. o., Pickens co., Aht.: on a small branch of Little Tnrabigbee r., 123 ra. N. W. by W. Montgomery. Eefokm, sta,, Effingham oo., Ga. : on the led aide of Oget'chee r. and on the line of the Central Railroad, 30 m. from Savannah and 157 m. from Milledgoville. Eefl'gio county, 7kr. Situate S. E., and contains l.G4o sq. nu Drained by San Aul, p. v., Lancaster county, Peyin. : 36 m. E. 8. E. Harrisburg. Reisteetown, p. v.. Baltimore co., 3ld. : about SJ ra. E. Paiap:»co r., 3T nL N. K. W. Columbia. The Westmirwter Turnpike passes through the village. Relay Hoise, ata., Huliimore co.. JA7. ; on the Balt!mi>re and Susquehanna E. R., at the divert;ence of Ihe West- minster Branch R. R., 7 m. N. Ballimore. Eflay lUiusE, sla., Baltimore co., Md. : on the N. side of Palapsci> r., and on the line of the BalLiniore and Ohio I:. E., at the divergeneo of the Washinatou Branch It. i;., it m. S. W. Baltimore. Relfe, p. o., Pulaski co., Mo.: 45 m. S. Jefferson City. Relf's Bluff, p. o., Ihvw county, Ark. : GO m. S. S. W. Little Rock. Remington, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 141 m. W. by N. IIarrial)urg. Eemsen, t. and p. o.. Oneida co.. A"". 5' ; S9 m. N. W. by W. All>any. Drained by Black r. and branches. Surface hilly ; soil of average fertility. The v. coiUains 2 churches, several ?lores and mills, "0 dwellings, and 4UU inhabitants. Popu- lation of I. 2,40". Eenick Mills, p. o,. La Fayette co.. Mo. : 9S m. W. N.W. Jefferson City. Kenkock, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: GS m. E. S. E. Columlms. Eensselaf,b county, A^ 5' Situate E., and contains 626 sq. m. Drained by Iloosic r., and WynauL^kiil. ami Poest^nkill flowing into Hudson r. on the W., and alfording in their course good water privileges. Surface plea.saiiiiy diversified with hills and valleys; soil fertile. Chief j-n.- ducts, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It contains some minerals, and extensive slate quarries; the products of the latter are used principally fur rofifing. Farins 2,03t); marmf. 639; dwell. 10,972, and pup.— wh. 72,337, fr. e*.*]. 1,026— total 73,363. Capital: Tr!ic Ho/-A-.s-; Hud- son Elver K. R. ; Albany and W. Stockbhdge R. E.; Troy and Greenbush E. E. ; Troy and Boston E. II.; Troy and Rutland R. E., etc. Rknsselaeu, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Ind. : on Iroquois r., 92 m. N. W. by N. Indianapolis. Rensselaer, v., Rensselaer co., Ji. Y. : 12 m. S. E. Troy. It contains 3 churches, several stores and meclianic sh'^p^i, anil oOO inhabitants. In the vicinity there are also nucneruus saw and grist mills. Rensselaekville, t. and p. v., Albany co., A' F. ; 24 m. S. W. by W. Albany. Drained by Calskill and Foxes creeks. Surface hilly; soil sandy loam, and generally fertile. The v. on Foxes cr. cont.ains 4 churches, an academy, a dozen stores, iron works and machine shops, and other iudnstrial establishments, and about 1,0'I0 inhaliitants. In the t. are tanneries, and numerous saw-mills, etc. Pop. 3,630. Reptos, p. o., Clark county, Ind.: S9 in. S. by E. Indianapolis. Erfuhuc, p. o., Surry co., A^ Car.: 320 m. W. N. W. Ralrigh. Eeitblic. p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: 78 ra. N. Columbus. The Mad EiviT and Lake Erie E. E. passes through this place, 30 m. from Sandusky, and 128 frtJin Dayton. llEPfULiOAN, p. o.. Darke Co., Ohio: 93 in. W. Columbus. EErtiHLiCAN Grove, p. o., Halifax county, Virg.: 93 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Eepublioas Mills, p. o., Fairfax co., Virg.: 91 m. N. Eichmond. EiSACA, p. V. and sla., Murray county, Ga. : 164 m. N. W. Ijy N. Milledgevillc. The Western and Atlantic E. E. passes the place, S5 m. from Atlanta, and 55 from Chaianooga. Reservation, v., Erie county, A^. K; 241 m. W. by N. Albany. Rf.hi:rvf„ p. 0., Miami co., Ind. : 70 ip. N. Indianapolis. RrsKF.VE, p. o., St. Joseph's county, Mich.: 64 m. S. W. LaiL-^ing. 715 BBS EHO Eeseeve, t., Allegliany county, Penn. : occupies the land at the confluence of Alleghany r., with the Ohio lying N. of Alleghany City. It has considerable manu- factures. Ketreat, p. o., Franklin co., Virg.: 14S m. "W. S. W. Eicbmond. Eevelef., p. o., ScoU county, Ark.: 89 m. W. N. W. Little Koek. Kexborg, v., Essex CO., Virg. : 46. m. N. E. Richmond. Eexfop.d Flats, p. o., Saratoga eo., X. Y.: on N. side of the Mohawk r., 15 m. N. N. W. Albany. Reynale's Basin, p. o., Kiagara county, jV. T. : on the .Eric Canal 264 m. W. Albany. Reynolds county, Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 7Uo sq. m. Drained by Big Black Water r. and its branches. Surface rolling: soil fertile, and produces in abuntlanoe grain, wheat, fruits, tobacco, Indian corn, and poiatnes. This is a splendid mining country, and contiiiiis many valuable minerals. It contains also fine timber land. Farms 145 ; manuf. — ; dwell. 293, and pop.— wh. 1,S24, fr. col. (I, si. 25— total 1,849. Capital: Lesterville. I\EYNoLi>8crR(!, p. V., FrankUu co., Ohio: on E. side of Big Lick cr., 11 m. E. Columbus. It contains several stores, mechanic-shops, etc. The creek affords excellent mill- power. Pop. 5(>4. Eeynoldstillb, p. v., Tompkins county, iVl 1'.: 169 m. W. by S. Albany. Kevnoldsvilu:, p. v. Jefferson county, Penn. : 121 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. RuEA county, Teim. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 349 sq. m. Tennessee r. forms ils western boundar}*, by branches of which it i8 drained. Surface uiidulaling, in parts hilly; soil fertile. Farms 305; manuf. Vi; dwell. 6>>1, and pop.— wh. 8,951, fr. eul. 28, al. 436— total 4,415. CajriUd: Washington. RuRATowN, p. v., Greene co.. Tenii. : about 3 m. N. of Nolichuky r., 227 m. E. Nashville. Khinebeck, L and p. o.. Duchess county, N. Y. : 50 m. S. Albany. Drained by Landtman's cr.. a small stream of Hudson r., which runs along its W. border. Surface on the W. level, and on the E. rolling; soil very productive. The v., about 2 m. from the landing on Lantilnian's cr., has 3 churclics, an academy, numerous worl;-shops. stores, etc, and about 1,'200 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 2.S16. The Hudson River R. R. runs on the W. edge of the town. EniNEnECK Landing, v., Duchess county, K. Y.: on E. bank of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River R.R., 53 m. from Albany, and 91 m. from New York city. The Albany steamboats stop here up and down. The v. contains about 50 dwellings. THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. Rhode Tslaxd (or more properly Rhode Island and Prn\ndence Plant-ntions). although the smallest State of the Fnion, is considerably larger than many of the sovereignties of Europe, and and CharU-s rivirs. waters the soutli-western part of the State, and falls into Stonington harbor — in the latter part of its course it is the boundary between this Stale and the State of Connecticut. Narragansett Bay, n fine body of water, divides the State into two unequal proportions. It extends more than 80 miles inland, and is about 15 miles wide at its southrrn part, but a considerable portion of this ?paee is occupieil Ity islands. It communiques with the ocean between Point Judith on the west, and Seaconet Point on tiie east. The north-eastern arm of tlie bay is called Mount Hope Bay; the norlh-western arm Greenwich Bay, and the northern arm Pn)vidence Uny. The principal rivers falling into it are the Providence and the Taunton, the latter from Massachusetts. It affords great advantages to ship navigation, having many excellent harbors, and beinir accessible at all seasons. Newport harbor, in the cliannel, between Canonicut and Rhode Island, is one of the finest in the world ; the entrance is protected by Fort Walcott, on Goat's Island, and Fort Adams, on Rhode Island — the latter a large stone castle of great strength. Rhode Island, lying in Narragansett Bay, gives name to the State. It is 15 miles long, and on an average 3J miles wide, containing an area of about 50 square miles. Its climate is delightful, and tlie soil very fertile. Travelers have called at the " Eden of America," and goulherns have chosen it as a suinmer residence. Canonicut is a beautiful island to the west nf Rhode L^land. It is about seven miles long aud one mile broad. Prudence Island lies to the north-east of Canonicut, an Total y ' ' Pop. Kuroernal. Per tent. 69,110... ... — — 69,122... 12 .. .... 0.0 77,IM1... ... 7,909 .. ....11.4 ,33.0.59... ... 0,023 .. 7.9 97,199... ... 14,140 .. ....17.0 103.8.30... ... 11,631 .. ....11,9 147,644... ... .33,7U .. ....35.6 The general statistics of the wealth, productions, manufactures, etc., of the State, according to the census of 1350 and other documents referring to the same period, are as follows : Occupied Lands, <*?.— Improved lands, 356,437 acres, and unimproved lands, 197.451 acres— valued in the aggregate at $17,070,302. The whole number of farms in operation on the 1st .June, 1850, was 5,.3S5. Value of farming implements and machinery, $497,201. Zu'd'-.S'toc/I-.-Horses, 6,168 ; asses and mules,!; milch cows, 23.693; working oxen, 8,189 ; other cattle, 9,375 : sheep, 44,296, and swine, 19,609; in all valued at $1,532,637. In 1840 the stock consisted of 8,024 horses and mules, 30,391 neat kittle of all kinds, 90,140 sheep, and 80,659 swine. Pivdiifts 0/ Animals.— 'Wool, 129,692 pounds; butler, 995,670 pounds; cheese, 316,608 ponnds ; and Ihe T.alue of animals slaughtered during the year had been $667,436. The wool returned in 1340 was 133,380 pounds. Grain fVo/is.- Wheat, 49 bushels; rye, 26,409 bushels; Indian corn, 639,202 bushels; oat.s, 216,232 bushels: barley, 13,875 bushels; and buckwheat, 1,246 bushels. Compared with the crops exhibited in the census of 1840, the following results are obtained : CropH. imo. 18R0. Wheat 8,093 bushels 49 bushels Ilye 34,521 " 26,409 " M vement. deer. 8,049 bushf Is, or 93.4 per cent df'cr 8,112 " or 2:i.5 " incr. 83,704 " or 19,7 " incr. 4:3,715 " or 25.5 « dfcr. 47,615 ti or 71.6 " deer. 1,784 " or 41.7 " Indiancom 460,493 " 689,2II2 " 0.its 171,517 " 215,2:32 " IJarley 66,490 " 1.3,375 " Buckwheat 2,979 " 1,245 " OHier Food Cropa.—Vma and beans, 6,346 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 051,029 bushels, and sweet, bushels. The potato crop of 13:39 amounted to 911,973 bushels. MlicfUantom Crops— na.y, 74,818 (in 1340, 63,449) tons ; clover-seed, 1,828 bushels ; other grass seed, 8,703 bushels ; hops, 277 pounds; flax, 35 pounds; maple sugar, 23 pomida ; molasses, 4 gallons; beeswax and honey, 6,:347 pounds: wine, 1,013 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $63,994, and of market-garden products, $93,293. JTonif-made Manvfactures were produced in the year to the value of $26,495. The same cla.ss of goods returned in Ihe census of 1310 were valued at $61,180. ira?t«/uc««rM.— Total capital invested in manufactures, $00.000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $00,000,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,1X10— male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; value of products for the year, $00,000,000. The number of manufacturing establishments in operation wilhin the Stale on the Isl June, 18.50, was 1,144, distributed among the counties as shown in the general table. Of this number 153 were cotton factories, 45 woolen fac- tories, 10 tanneries, and 21 engaged in the msnufacturc of iron, namely, 20 in the manufacture of castings and 1 in that of wrought iron. The aggregate cSpllal invested in manufactures in 1340 amounted to $10,696,136. 717 RHODE ISLAND. Tn the cotton manufaclure the capital employed was $6,675,000; the valne of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, iS-iS^.-^TO ; and the iiro0 pounds of thread an'i yarn, valued at $6,447,13l>. Cotton consumed, 50,713 bales, and coal, 13,116 tons; hands employed, 10,S75— males 4,959 and feninlea 5,916 ; entire wages paid per month, $168,938— to males $92,2S2 and to females $76,656. The census of IMO returned 209 factories and 17 dyeing establishments ; capital, $7,326.000 ; hands, 12,0S6 ; and ralue of annual products. $7,116,792. In the tconlfi7i manufacture the capital invested was $1,013,000; value of raw material, fuel. etc.. $1.46-3.9i>0; products of the year, 8.612,400 yards of cloth, 46,000 pounds of yarn, etc., valued at $2,3SI,S25. Wool consumed. 4,lM3 370 pounds, and coal, 2,032 tons; hands employed, 1,758— males 9S7, and females 771 ; monthly wagps paid, $3-2.1"9— to males $2l)J3I, and females $11,708. In 1840 there were in the State 45 .fulling-mills and 41 woolen factories; capital, $685,350; hands, 961 ; and value of products for the year, $842,172. In tanneries the capital invested amoimted to $42,900; value of hides and skins used, $40,615; hands employed, 38 — at a monthly cost of $829; skins tanned. 14,s61, and sides of leather tanned, 21,142, logt'ther valued at $75,040. In 1>40 tliere were in the State 27 tanneries; capital $72,000 ; bauds employed, 89 ; products — 1,534 sides of sole leather and 50.860 sides of upper leather. The iron manufacture is comparatively a small interest on Rhode Island. No manufactures of pig iron are returned in the census of 1S50. In the manufacture of castings the capital invesied amounted to $42S.S00; value of all raw materiali fuel, etc.. used, $258.267 ; hands employed, 800 — at average wages $29 63 per month ; pig iron used, S,91S tuns, and min- eral coal. 4,670 tons; castings made, 8,558 tons, and other products to the value of $119,500; total value of products for the year, $728,705. The capital invested in the manufacture of icrowjht iron was $2nS,itO"; pig metal used, 3,000 tons, and mineral coal consumed, G.OOO tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $111,750 ; hands employed, 220, at wages aver- aging $26 per month; wrought iron made, 2,650 tons; value of entire annual prnducls, $222,400. In 1S40 there were 5 furnaces in the State, producing 4,126 tons of cast iron, consuming 227 tons fuel, and employing 39 men. The capital invested in the manufacture of iron in that year was $22,250. In the manufacture ot malt arid spirituous liquors, the capital invested amounted to $17,000; the number of hands employed was 9 ; and the consumjjtion of barley, 12,500 bushels, and of hopg, 6 tons; ale, etc., pnxluced, 3,900 barrels. Ill 1S40, 4 distilleries produced 855,000 gallons of spirits, and 3 breweries 819,600 gallons ale, etc. ; hands, 42 ; and capital invested, $139,006. Among the manufactures of the State others than those specified above, the most important are thoso of hardware, machinery, cutlery, etc. There are also considerable investments in the manufeclure of jewelry, hata and caps, saddlery, paper, and in the various descriptions of mills. Internal Improvements. — Khode Island has several excellent railroads and other improvements. The principal rail- roads are those connecting it with Boston and Worcester on the one hand, and with the ports of Long Island Sound and New York on the other. The first comprise the Boston and Providence K. R. and the Providence ami Worcester R. R., and the latter the Stonington E. R., the Providence, Hartford, and Fishkill R. R,, and the New Tork and Boston R. R., the two latter yet incomplete. The Blackstone Canal also extends from Providence to Worcester. The condition of these several works is shown in the "Appendix." Banks.—\w September, 1S50, there were in the State 63 banking institutions, the assets and liabilities of which at that date were as follows: ass^— loans and discounts, $15,492,547; stocks, $151,277; real estate, $283,344; other investments, J13.46I: due by other banks, $441,164; notes of other banks, $537,761; and specie, $297,661; and //WAiWiV-s— capital, $11,645,492: circulation, $2,555,865; deposits, $1,438,596; due other banks, $650,560 ; and other liabilities, $133,^33. There are also savings' institutions, and life, fire, and marine insurance companies in all the large cities. Foreign Commerce. —The direct foreign commerce of Rhode Island, once considerable, is now comparatively of small amount, and relatively to its population and manufacturing importance, very small indeed. Indirectly, its connection with foreign countries is commensurate with its rank as a manufacturing State. It imports and exports chiefly through the ports of Massachusetts and New York, to wliich it has easy access by railroads and other means. The value of the exports and imports fiir the year ending 30th June, 1850, was, according to the tre.isury report, as follows — exports: do- mestic products, in American vessels, $205,969. and in foreign vessels, $330 — total value of domestic exports. $206,299 ; and foreign products, $9,966, all in American vessels — total value of all exports, $216,265— and imports : in American vessels, $251,708, and in foreign vessels, $6,595— total value of imports, $258,303. The statistica of navigation exhibit the en- trances and clearances thus: Entered. Cleare.!. Totnl. Nntinnality orsiitpping. Vessels. Totis. Cjpws, Vesacls. T'lrm. Ur''»Ta, Vessels. [(xis. Crews. American" 100 17,847 821 94 16,770 S33 194 S4.617 1,654 Foreign 19 2,075 118 16 1,705 99 S5 3.7-0 217 Ve«9fl9. T.irm. Ur'' »"ra. Vessels. 94.... .. .16,770... ... S33 .. ... 194 16 .... ... 1,705 ... ... 99.. ... S5 HO ... ...18,475 ... ... 052 .. .. 229 60 ... ... 8,457 ... ... 403 .. .. 119 43. .. ... 7.26G ... . . . 402 . . . . 70 IT ... .. 2,752 ... .. 127 .. . 84 Total 119 1-0,922 939 110 18,475 932 .... 229 3^,397 1,871 Providence 69 11.786 540 60 8,457 403.... 119 20.243 943 Bristol S3 5.534 273 43 7.266 402 ... , 76 12,S00 675 Ne\\-port 17 2,602 126 17 2,753 127.... 84 5,854 253 — of this aggregate. Providence entered 69 vessels (11.7S6 tons), Bristol S3 vessels (5.534 tons), and Newport 17 vessels (2.602 tonsU and Providence cleared 50 vessels (8,457 tons). Bristol 43 vessels (7.266 tons), and Newport 17 vessels (2,752 Ions). The total shipping owned In the Slate at the above date was 4ft,489 tons. The amount of registered shipping amounted to 26.06S tons, of which 21,497 tons were of permanent register, and 4.571 of temporary register, and of this 5,s29 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and the remainder in the foreign trade. The enrolled an>l licensed ship- ping amounted to 13,722 tons, ftf which 13,178 tons were employed in coasting. 1.^ tons In the eod flshcrles, and 3S9 tons in the niaekorel fisheries, and 432 tons were navigated by steam. The licensed shipping (under 20 tons) amounted to 699 Ions, of which 860 tons were employed in coasting, and S39 tons in the cod fishery. Ttital registercJ, 26.068 tons ; enrolled luid licensed, 13.721 Ions; a?id lieensed, 699— aggregate tonnage, 40,488 tons. Owned in Providence district, 16.712 tons; in Bristol, 13,198 tons; and in Newport, 10,578 tons. Fourteen vessels, viz., 5 ships, 5 schooners, 3 sloops, and 1 steamer were built in the State during the year, and of these the burden was 3,537 Ions- built at Bristol, 2,191 tons: at Providence 1,299 tons ; and at Newport, 95 tons. 713 RHODE ISLAND. The stalistics of Ihe imports and exports of Ehotle Island from 1791-lSlO exhibit the following movements: Ye.r. Exports. ]"91 ... . . $470,1.31 .... 1T92 .... 69S,109.... 1T93 .... 616,432.... 1794.... 946,699.... 1795.... .. 1,222,917.... 1796 .... .". 1,.5S9,S72.... 1797.... 975„630.... 179S.... 917,827 .... 1799.... .. 1,065,273.... 1800 . . . . . . 1,322.945 .... ISOl .... .. 1.SS2.773.... 1802.... .. 2,4;«,3li3.... 1S03.... .. 1,27,%.')9G .... 1804.... .. 1,7W,C7I .... ISO.! . . . . . . 2,672,(149 .... 1S06 .... .. 2,001,835 1S07.... . . 1,667,564 .... ISOS.... 442,0:34 .... 1SU9.... . . 1,2S4.,»3 .... 1810 .... . 1,331,576.... 1812.... 765,1:37.... 1813 .... 236,802 .... 1814.... 472,434.... 1815 .... 601,183.... 1816 .... 612,7!I4,... 1817 .... 950,467 .... 1S18.... .. 1,027,291 1S19 .... .. l,2S1.4-i4 .... 1820 .... .. 1,072,762.... 1821 .... 996, V2S 1822 .... 862,363 .... 182-3 .... 9:33,114.... 1824 .... 872.S99.... l^So .... 678,467 .... 1826 .... 781.540.... 1827 .... 804.187.... 1828 .... 722.166.... 1829 .... SOo.S^l 1830 .... 278,960.... Year. Expnrta. Ttupfirts. 1S81 .... . S307.4C5... $662,161 18-32.... 6:34,469 . . . 657,969 18.33 .... 485,431... 1,042,986 1^34 .... 420,885 . . . 427,1.24 18:35.... 296,003 . . . 697,713 1S:!6 .... 228,420 . . . 655,199 18:37 .... 4>->,258 . . . 528,610 18:38 .... 2!ll.2.">7 ... 6,56.61-'! 1889 .... 185.2.-4 . . . 612.057 1840 206.089 . . . 274.5:3-4 1841 .... 278.468 . . . 339,.'.93 18J2 .... W8.096 . . . 323,692 1843.... 106.847 . . . 155,7.5S 1841 .... 260.777 . . . 269,437 1845 .... 191.o:!2... 274,3:30 1846 .... 224,364 . . . 210,489 1847 .... 192,:369 . . . 805.489 1S48.... 221.6:31... 851, .590 1S49 .... 178.1.52... 237.478 1860.... 216.265 . . . 258,303 Gm'ei-!,mmt..—Vnm the year 1844 the form of government w,-i3 that ordained by the ancient royal charter, which was originally one of the most liberal granted to the American colonies. In that year a new conslitiition was formed and ratified by the people. Every male citizen of the United States, resident in the Slate for the Last past year, and in the t.iwn or city in which ho claims to vote, for the six months next |ireceding an election, and owning real estate in such town or eily worth ,i;134 above all incumbrances, or of the dear yearly vahie of $7, may vote f.r all civil officers, and on aU questions in all legal town or ward meetings, or if the estate lie without such town or city, but within the State, he may vote for all general ofHcersand members of the General Assembly in the town or city of which he is a resident, etc. No Narragausett Indian can vote, etc. The general election is held on the first Wednesday in April aimually. In all elections for Slate officers, a majority of roles is necessary to a choice. All leyidatiiK power is vested in the General Assembly, which consists of a Senate and Ilouse of Representatives— the former consists of senators, one from each town .ir city, and the lieuteiunit-governor. The governor presides therein (and in his absence the lieutenant-governor), and has a casting vote only. The house consists of members not to exceed 72 in number, elected in ratio of population, but every town is enlitle.l to at least one representative, and not to more than twelve. The convention of the two houses is styled the Grand Committee, and is presiilcd over by the president of the Senate. There are two sessions of the General Assembly every year, one at Newport, on the lirst Tuesday of Mav, and the other at South Kingston, on the last Monday in October, every two years, and the intermediate years alternately at Bristol and East Greenwich, and this session adjourns every year to Providence. The exectitm authorltij is vested in a governor. If no governor be chosen by the people, the Grand Committee elects one of the two popular candidates having the highest number (jf votes, and so in respect of the election of the lieutenant- governor. The governor h:is not the usual veto on the acts of Ihe legislature, nor may he grant pard.ms, but except in cases of irapeai-hment he has power to grant reprieves. If the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant-governor, and after him the president of the Senate pro tempore^ acts as governor. Eeery elector is qiwliji-ed to holil tlw office for which Ite miij he qualified to vnte. JiuHclid powers reside in a Supreme Court and Courts of Common I'leas. The Supreme Court consists of a chief and three associate judges, who are appointed by the Grand Committee, and hold office until they are removed by a reso- lution of two-thirlished for small causes, with an appeal to the president and assistants. The Executive Committee of Parli.-iment had given Coddington a commission to govern the islands in the bay. This interfered with the patent which had been granted to "ft'illiams, and threatened the dismemberment of tho colony. In 1G51 he and John Clarke were appointed agents, and sent to England to persuade tho committee to revoke the commis- sion. In this they succeeded, lhroui:h the influence of Sir Harry "Vane, who had been of great assistance to Williams in l(>4o in procuring the charter. Williams returned to Rhode Island, but Clarke remained in London, and long acted as the faithflil agent of the colony. 720 RHODE ISLAND. Upon the application of the inhabitants, the I\in» in 16(13 ^rinl^H ■, „i,.v, - ■ '■ and Providence Plantations." It declared that no ^elUn ,h"; nl^ be , J 1 i '"'"VT"^ "" """"' "^ "'''""'''' '"^"<' matters of religion. Tor the government of the colony it vcl e« , e ^ or 'me 'n '■ ''"'"T '"' ""'' '""''''■""'■ '" governor or deputy gorernor. ten assistant.,, and representativerf^rol, h ' . ^ '" "" -"^'^"'^''i- <" '•""■'i'l of a The benevolent policy of Williams secur;dTo,h?c^nm In ,1 m^,'™ '"'"'■"" "" '"• ^•''™™ ''>' ""■ f"''-'"™- to reside at Providence ever active in the s ^v e\e,,p r^^, i'"' ^7''''" '""? "'"'""' '"""""" ^ "'■ ^""''■'"^J Hepry B^n a Quater, L on,, one livi^":^ Il^e :^h c:,:^;;:;:';^^ "'■ '" "" ^'•^='" *^ ^'^"™'"^ "'■'^"'""^^ if they played no distinguished part in the Srama of Tife errroTn ,v T ,"1^' •■"""""■' '" -""'htcc. the inhabitant, the population was about IS.OOofand that in 1m" was' • om.o In , , ! '^"'- .''"' ""'' '' ""■"''■" "'^' '" ''■'"' vc..d for an expedition into Canada, projecled bv the B:iti;r™v-ern;:,et '"^'-"-""»-" >-<^- "-- "-'^-d men were deie:;:rtr!:trt;::^;zs cJ::g::^r^:^:;^X::r ='"f ^'" "■^''"■'"- — .heremony. stamps. The subsequent proccMin.. of the^BKti h wer" reslstel vUh n^r' ? """ TT """ °""'"'' ""^ "'« "^ vented the exportation of military stores from Engla,rd Eh XlsH IS hr ■ '"k "'' """" ""■ '*""^'' ^"■ Assembly passed resolutions for arnting the people, iv tv ac ,on ,, I^n'^ of*^? '"• """"' '"'"•""• ™" "«' and from her exposed situation she was made to fed the 1 ate o The co^^'^ T'"""" ""' ™ ""' P-P'"" '"'''. Parker, with slrong forces, sailed from New Torlf for i T "'™-'- '" »«-™"'". HTe, Oliuton and unable to resist, wUidrew'onth approve" J ttfl^:^ "f -cupying Ithode bland. The American forces, privateers, found themselves blocU.Ied i,r.l et Lr of Pr" , ''ce 'r ™ ,1 '^"""""^'' ""'"f which w^a i,;.i,.„:„;... r.. October, 1T79, the British troops were withdrawn ad in r „ l h p ' 1 "'"'' "' "''"'■'' '>"" ""'o-i^ive. In port in a squadron un.ler De Ternav CI nn.r^n ■ , '' '^'■™''''' "'"'"'' '''^'■••'"'I'eau, arrived at New- prising the: but the pr„e^ i^':zj:^;2J^'^:i :rr;z^z::';:^r "■"" r"" "" "■'•'■ -' ^'^- ■lams again resumed their commercial pursuits. "^ ""'^ "'■" ""molested, and the inhab- meat : and it was not unlil the .May, 1790, that her acrnfescence wa^ s" , r . 1 '^ ""-"""' "="" '° """'^ """^ '-'™- l^iltle is recorded of its history from this neriodi.niH is:iD n ■ .■ Of the people were hostile ,o th^ pol^y of the Gener GoLnm n;'l T T™,'"? f"'"' "'"^ ^"=" ^^''"'''' '"^ ■^"J™ty States, lending no aid to the national anns De3 s w 47"' o ^h m "' , ," T""" "' '''""" "' ""^ neighboring in the report made by that body. With tie excenm, roni o Z.!^ T^^f'^ Convoulion at IIar,f„rd, and n.dtel remained unmolested during tlie war ^ oeeupat.on of Block Island by the enemy in isis, this State more perfect frame of government, hut without effe t. In thf prin ° on M af at V""'"'"'''" '" '"'•" " ""' ^""' wh.ch was to secure the right of suffrage to every adult white ma edtfz.n ,nhe r "f";"!""" '™' '"™">. 'h" '"-jVct of m 1S41 this association took the responsibility of call n^ Te nv?;. '^ ^''"''' '°~"''^'''" '" '"<= S'^""; and peculiar view.,. Such convention ,^.,s 1 e d, and sn hl„ "Z I'" ?'" ? ^^'■"-™''i'"'!o" '" accordance with their n,e inf .rmahty under ,vh,ch it was preparJd only a norfc ,h n , ''"""" '" '"" P'""""' ""' "" "<="■""' "f who did vote being in ils favor, a .. ajvfrily wrXeirred .„ f „"^''.P°"P''= ■•''<=''Sni'-ed puldie omeers, and claiming Z-m a. ", m e ^fflcTr Tb >' ""---'-■'-P— l-I "> elect their governor prnteetion of an armed force, on the Sd May ™4, O^w't ^ ^"Z'"""" ^"' '"'"""■'" =" ''^^i'l^"-. ">..l..-r the mate constitution had not bee^ able !o or"'" ^c and con, „! , ..""f f '"■'"™'- »•" S-vernn,ent under ,l,e legiti- on the 4th Mav, 1«42 On the iq.h of "=•"'"'• """ '■''";"-'l"™>ly the old charter government met as usual at Newport, attempted to caplurt the State lrl°d C. • "^c" hu "fT l"^" ""n"' '"" '""7"' ''''''•' '" "^ " Suffrage Pai;!: parties, the Oener.al Assembly provi"led or ano S c^vL? , '"r ' T "'■"""" '" """•'^"S ""' "i^'"' "f «" another attempt was made to'^verthrow bv Ce of arm, ,',"" I T '■'"'^'»'"'™: and about the same time dr«nnt governor, took up a position at cler^ache, tVourwh- Tw 'fr'™"'™'- The insurgent, led l,y their ,.i. and completely dispersed. The conventionTs^nrovn , r ' ^TT'l '^' "'''■'' "^"^'' ''''""'S""'' ">' '"<■ Stale iroops, constitution being submitted to the ZIV votr U w2 l7m « ""■--f -7""™;. »-' '■> September, and on their against it, yet subsequently voting undir it unanunously adopted, the "SufTrage Party" protesting in:::::t^rr r ::; f r,':"^;^ ':;:^;s^^i: r^ " "r -"" r ""™' '■'°'""""' "^ '-^ ---^ -p-p-'- for several years, but was flnallv r deasL he havL ,, "'"'"" '^'t""; "-" '"■"''"■ ?'"""»'»■ Dorr was i,n,.ris„ned all good citizens. Hi, namewll gol™ .oZ'LorThe'' ''"'^^"-''"-„ -^ "--'"' ™-n, and the shunned of all traitor.,. ^ posterity on the same page as those of Burr and Arnold_a warning to Tht"™';rs^;TronheG™r!,TrmMf:r:' "' ^-^^f— ™- - ->- P.."Uoa, capita, c^ the State. 0" the last Monday of October one? fryearUrsTunKln"^;"^^ f dT" "i" "",""' ''""""'' "'''^"^' ^""^ "«^ '"^^' East Greenwich; and this second sessiora^ e;".^\trTo "e ^e "'"'"^-''"'^ ^■"'" """""'^'^ ^' ^™'<" -' r., tho principal of which l\iriti»h('6 g\Hhl wator-jvowor. Sur- fiuH> I'K'vuuM and rvdliug; soil e:t«X'Uoul fv>r rarmiiig. I'op- ulati. KiOKUoRo', p. v.. LiK»rty cnnnty, Git>: 14fi mllos S, K. MilUHi^vvillo, ou &. Uuik of 2<»>rlU JJowiH^rt r., whictt is navigable tdr sloops to Uii» ^)a«x\ It txmtaius about llkt Hihnbii;u\t& Ei.'K CiTY» p. Vm Kent couuty, A\ /. ; 2T- m. N. W. by W. Newpv'rt. , Kick Crkrk» jv o., Oalhwiu ., 7V»ik .* on tho Kusl Tonncsiseo and Gts>i^u K K., T in. N. ChnrU«(on. KiokV 1.anpiso> IV o., Cirwne ci»., iV««. ; 14*2 m. \Y. by #. llarrisburj;. KukV Stork, p. o,,Weslmorelaud co., T«v*-' ^ "'• ^^- K- Richmond. KicKviuLK, p. v., Ilamix'k eouotj-, JMtM. ; 9 in. E. from Tearl r^ U>6 nu S. by K, Jaoksv^i. KicKviLLK, p. o., Movun'Wih CO., X %^s'8fP.*os's Cbkkk, p» ow, Union co., JT. Oir. .* 101 m. TV. S, W. Kuleigh. KtcUAKivsoxYuxB, p. V., Edgcfleld dlst, & t\ip.: 46 m. W. Columbia. UiciiAKi^YiuA p. T., Culpq^per CO., Virff. : 69 m. 2S. N.'W. Ktchmoud. KKHAK1118VIU.K. p. T., Jcfiexson county, P^niu : 113 m. W. X. W. llarrisbun?. RiciiBivEovcH, p. v., Buoka county, Pimn, : 91 miles E. Harrisburj. KieunVKO, p. a, Alleghany co., X. 1*; *mi E. side of branch of Oewajv cr., 3-S m, W. by S. AltKuj)-. Euu Ckkek, p. a, Li^gau county, Miy. : 251 miles W. Kiohmoud. IviCHFiKLP, t and pL o., Gcnwee co., Jtfich, : 5^ m. E. N. E. Lansing. Surface rolling: s«.iil dry sauily Kvum. Draincil by Flint r., whleli ftirni^hes mill-sile*. IVp. -t^^. KienFiKU), t. tmd p. o,. 0^»ei^^ cix, -V 1'. ; 70 m. W. by X. Albtiny. Drained by small brandies of I'naviilla r. and outlets of CanaJerasra lake, which lies ou its E. Kvvicr. Surface elevate*! and uneven ; soi^. san«ly and calcareoits loum. The industry of Uie t. is p^nierally tlcvoteti to a^^- cullurc, and there am some small manufactures. Fop- ttliition 1>>3. KicHKiKui, t.and p. t.. Summit co., OMo: 110m. N. E. Columbirs. Surface elevated, and moy N. Albany. The v. contains al>out SOO Inhabitants, and here is a celebrated sulphur spring. RicjiFORp. t and p. t.. Tioga co., X. T: .• 13S m. W. by S. Albany. Pralncd by East and West Owego creeks. Sur- T2a face uneven, with terlile valleys. Tho v. on VInsi Owego cr. c^tnlatns about StK> inhnbiianta. Pop. of I. 1.30S. UiaiFv>Ki\ I. and |>, il ndupUHl bi^st to jsnizirijc — along the strvnius is si.)mo gvKHl liuid. Topula- livm I.O44. Kicit FoKK, p. o., Davldflon co., X. Cur, : 90 m.\\. by N. Ualeii-U. Rich lliix, t. and p. o., Muskingum co.. OMo: 63 »i. K> Columbus. Or.iine^l by branches of tho Muskingum r Surface \arious; soil lerHle. l>itumtnous eoid and unuu-r- pus salt spring are f-nuid in iho vicinity. Pop. ol I. \,4'Xk Rion 11 ILL. |K a., Maury v»>., TrttH,: ;ii» m, S. S.W. Na>hvillc- IhcuLX-NO w»uuty, Jii, Situate lowarvl the S. E., an4l contains S13 sq. m. Drainotl by atlliienls of the W'al>ash. a tributary of the Ohio r. Surftico gx'uerally level : soil fiTlilc. It has some prairies and some tine timlvr land. Farms '^W; manuf.S; dwell- T04, and |H>p.— wh. 4,tHj3, fr. ci>I. 10 —total 4,013. CUpitai: Olney. J*uUUo Ilw**: Ohio and Mississlpj>l R. E.. RuuLANp county, OMo^ Situate N. ocntrally. wul con- tains 46S 5*1. m. Praineil by Olenlausiy r. and l-ranches of Mohiccan cr. Surftice level ; soil ferlile, and well adapted to wheat, tt>rn, etc, AgriculUiro is the lea.lini; pursuit. Go<.h1 tiuiWr is found on the land. Farms 3.,^33 : uiauuC 11$; dwell. I>,305, and pop.— wh. 80.SS4, l>. c*^l. 45— tofcj S\),S7it, C\t2)ittil : Mansfieh!. /'«;'/*e m>»i\«.- Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Cohnubus R. R. : Sandusky, Manstletd, tmd Newark R, IL ; lVni\sylvania and Ohio R. R.. etc. RicnuANi* dislrici, ^ C*ir. Situate (.vnlrany, and ixmtains 4Sil sq. in. Prune*! by bnwehes of C*mg:urvo and Wateree rivtTs, tho former rumiing along the S. W. Umlcr and the latter on the e.istern. Surfuco generally' level; simI fertile, and in s«.une j^irts tho land very rich. Chief pnKlucliuns, ottou and Indian corn. Farcus 543 ; nutnuf. S7 : dwell. 1.5:sS ami pop.— wh. (),7tU, ft-, ctd. 501, si. 12.97S— total 3i'.34S. Cayititl: C*»luniliia. J^tiUic Works: Cotumbiu Branch R, R ; Charlotte and South Car\>Iiu;i. C«i\'OuvilU> and C^'lumhia IL li. ; Canulen Branch R. R., etc. Ru'ni-\Ni> county. HW. SiUiale toward the S. W.. and c>mtnins 75ti &i\. m. DraintM by head lu-.uu'lu s of BjiralK-o and Pine rivers, racific aud Mill creeks, all allluents of Wis- ctmsiu r., whieb forms its southern lH)^ler. Suri'ae« g^"ier- ally itf\-el : soil fertilo and adaptihl to grain. It is well wivmI- ed. and drntitins somo minerals. Faniw AS; manuf. 4; dwi>Jl. 17S, and (wiK- wh. y03, ft-, col. 1 — total 'Jii&. CttpUal: Richland City. RicuLANP, IX o,. .Tefll'rs«>n co.. Art, : on S. bank of Ar- kai>sas r., 46 m. S. E. by S. Little R«>ok. Rt. nu^Ni*, p. v., Stewart c*>unty, (iiu: 114 miles S. W. Mille-lgevillo. Ri. uuvNP. p. v.. Sangamon co.. TIK: on Uw N. sido of Pniirio cr.. 10 m. W. K. W. Springltcld. RuniuANo. p. v., Rush couuty, Jml.: 4S ra. S. E. by Sw Indianaptilis. RuHi..\Ni\ p. T.. Keokuk CO.. /»», .* 40 m. S. W. by Ji. Iowa City. Top, 389. RicnuANn, p. v.. Ilobncs ctnmty, .Vt.ti..* 49 m. N. by E. .Tuck»»n. Drained by a crevk of Big Black river. Ru:ni..vNi\ t. and p. i\, Kalaiuazi^to county, Mu•^,: 50 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Kalama2»o r. and Cull lake, on Uie N. E. comer. Surface lewl prairie. Pop. 79S, RicuLASp, p. T., Grwnc eo., Jfo.: 104 m. S. W. by &. Jefferson City. EnoLAsn, t, p. v., and cap. Oswego 00., X. Y. : 140 m. "W. X. TV. AU»any. I^raine^l by Saluion r. and other small streams, flowing into Lake Erie. Surliu*e diversille*! ; St>U moist clay Imim. The c*Minly buildings are in ihc v. o( Pulaski. The manufactures of the L are c*>nsidcraWe, and its tra.ie flourishing. Pop. 4.079. The Watertown aud Rome Iv. R. passes through it, 43 m. fK>m Rome. wc Hi'.Hi.AKi/, Bla-, l/'gan ito., Ohio : on Mad Eitcr an. Pop, 590. liiruiLAiff), L, Belmont vi„ Ohio: 12 m. W. WhetlinK, IM m. E. ColumbM. DraJmjd by .M'll.ih(/ii'« aud other crcctB. It U a One farming t., and cfjniains Ht. ClairBvillc, Uie»juntyik.alof Justice. It is croiaed by thu raiJroad from » Wheeling weatward. Pop. 4^0. KiciiLAKii, u, Clint'in co., 0)i!o: 4S m. S. "W. Colarabni!, Drained by KalUeiHiakc, TwJd'n, and olber crc;la. Surface undulallnK. and eoil rich and fertile. The Cineinnali and Zancaviile K. E. crowici) Im g. part Salem and Claynvillc are villaecs on the Waebinglrm and WiJminKloii turnpike. Pop, i.nr,. Kienr.A.xn, t, Darke CO., Ohio: a» m. W. Colnmbuj. Drained by filillwati-r nreek and iU tributaries. Surface urjduliuini?; «oll rich and fertile. The iicllefontainc and Indiana R. E, crfimca it east and went Pop. 798. JiKui.A.-in.L, Defiance CO,, Oht>j: 149 m, N. W. Colunlbiw. Drained by Maumcc r„ which runs through It. .Surface low and level ; toll fertile. Pop, 7il2, The Wabash and Erie Canal, and the Sandunky and Fort Wayne J!. li. paw thrfiufh the town. P.icHLA.vn. t,, Fairfield co., Ohio : 83 m. E. S. E. Columbuis. Drained by liuDh cr. Surface elevated and undulating, and soil verj- productive. The Cincinnati, Zancsviilc, and Wheeling P.. E. crotacs it in a J}. E. and S. W. direction. Pop, 1,777. Eicni.Avn, t, ITolmes «>,, Ohio: 53 m. K. E. CoIumbuB. Drained by a branch of Killbnek cr. and Walhonding r. gorfaco undulaling; soil rich and productive. Pop. 1,^9. Eir Hi.A.vD, t., Vlnt/jn CO,, 0/iio : 54 m. 8, S, E. Odumbus. Drained by a branch of P.accoon cr., and also a creek of the Scioto, The land l» undulating and fertile. Pop, 1,193. Ei' of the Tennes-cc, .W m. .S. NanUville, EicitLA.VD, p. 0., TaitwcU co., Virg. ; 240 m. W. by 8. Klchmond. EicntAN-D creek, Ark. : rl.«« In the Interior of Xfadiaon CO,, flows W., and enters White r, in Washington county. Ei/iti,A.vD City, p. v., and cap. Richland co.. Wkc: : on Piher., 5.3 m. W. N. W. Madison. liiriiE.AKr. Cnoasiiics, p. o., Uavarro c«., Tej-.: IM m. N. N. E. Austin City, Eiciii,A.vD Cbovf, p. o., Mercer co,, ZU. ,• 113 m. N. K. W. Springfl-Id. Eiciri.A.vDS, p. o., Onslow county, A'. Car. : 84 m. 8. E. Ealeigli. Eicm.AN-irrow.v, p, v., Bucka co., Pmn. : 75 m. E, by N. Harrist'Urg. P.icnuoKn county, Oa. Situate E., and contain* 318 «|. m. Drained by branches of Savannah river, which runs on ILs N. E. border, and of Brier creek, which firrms its ». W. br>undary. Surface hilly ; w.il fertile, and Is in general a line deep mold, well adapted to the growth of wjUnn, wheal, and a>m. Of fruit-trees, apple, pear, peach, plum, etc,, grow well, and produce largel.v. Pine anrl other tim- ber is found on the land. Farms 272; mamif, 56; dwell, lA'JS.and imp.— wh. 8.i,'i2, fr, col. 2S2, si, 7,812— tf.tal 16,240, Cnpitul: Augmta. PvJilu: Workt : Georgia V.. K. ; Anguata and Waynaiboro' E. E., etc. Eiciiuoxn countv. A'. }'. Situate S.. and includes Statin RIC Island. It w.nlalna 63 8n\nm marine f<«ils have teen found. Cnslant c'lm- moni/ation Is kej.tupwiUi ^'ew yut Luiw inhabitants. The '• Whig Chronicle^ is published weekly. EienMo.vD. p, v., and cap. Mailison parish, A». ; 129 m. N. Baton P.'/oge, on W. side of Eriandaway bay'Kt, at its Junction with Brushy ba.vou. It e/niLiin« the court-honse and a few dwellings. The "Madison Journal" (neut.) is published weekly. Eii.HMosn, p. o., M-IIenry county. III. : 201 m. N. N. E. Springfield, 1 m, from Wisconsin Stat<; line. Eicimoxn. L and p. v., Lincoln co., Mf. : 16 m. 8. by W. Ajigusla. Drained by a miU-slream which falls into Ken- nebec r. al Mcrrymecting bay. It has some navigation, and vessels are built here. The T. is situate in the S. W. part of the town, and on the E. line the portkind and Kennebec E, E. parses along the river. Pop. of L 2,0.'Xi, ElciiMosn, U ami p. o., Berkshire co., ifatt. : 117 m. W. Boston. Drainwl by branch of Ilousatonic r. It lies In a fertile valley between two hills, and is well cultivated. The Western li. E, passi-s through the town. Pop. 1,C49. EieuMosn, L and p. o., Macomb eio,--o, t, and p, o,, Clieshire Co., N. Ilamp. : 4B m. S. W. Cfincord, Drained by branches of Ashuelot rtver. Surface generally level ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 7,123, Emmoso, p, v., and cap. Klchmond county, Al Y. : neai the centre of Staten Island, 13 m. 8, W. New Tork city 723 I RIG RIC This is a pleasant vUlage and contains the court-house, jail, 2 churohcs, and severdl stores, and about 40 dweUings ra,:nMo.D. p. v., Jetrerson co., Oluo : 2 m. W. "h.o r 117 m. E. X. E. Columbus. The " E. Clipper" (f. soil) is published weelily. Pop. aliont 6U0. Kic.iMosD, p. v., Northampton co., Peun : on a small stream, 2 m. W. of the Delaware, about 3 m. above Bclvidere, 91 m. E. N. E. Uarrisburg. „ . i, KiciiMOND, p. v., Bedford county, Tenn.: 49 m. S. by E. llioiiMONi., p. y., and cap. Fort Bend county, Te^. ■ on S. banli of Brazos r., 180 m. E. S. E. Austin City. l!.ci.MoxD, L and p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.. 20 m. W N W. Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which makes ia N border, and Huntingdon r., which passes throuRh it, b..th atrordmg water-power. Surface generally uneven with fertile flats on the streams. At the cenlre is a church having 16 sides, with a neat steeple rUing from the middle, and occupied by several denominations. The v. is on the B. side of Onion r., and on the N. side the \ ermont Central R K. traverses the valley. I'op. of I. 1,403. KicimoND, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Hennco county, Vira.: and capital of the Slate of Virginia; is situ.-ited on Uie N E. bank of James r., at the lower falls at the head of Ude water. Lat. (Capitol) 3T0 32' 17" N. ; long, from Green- wich 77° iV 2S" W., and from Washington ooo 25 5b W. Distance by the most direct It. K. from Washington, 130 m. ; &om Baltimore, 16S m.; from Philadelphia, 26b m.; from New York, S4i m. ; from Boston, 530 m. ; from P.aleigh, 174 m. ; from ■Wilmington, 248 m. The situation of Biehmond is highly picturesque, the city is divided into two unequal pans by a valley, Ihiough which passes the Shockoe creek to enter James r. It is chiefly built upon the hills and more elevated grounds on either side of this depression, which have a beautiful variety of surface, and afford in many parts highly picturesque situations for dweUings and for public ediflccs. Splendid views of the cily and surrounding country are presented from different points, each varying the scene. The soil l^ red clay. The river flows over a bed of granite, of which there are inexhaustible quarries on its banks, extensively used for building and other purposes. The cily is regularly laid out with streets crossing al right angles. lis entirearoa embraces about H sq. m., of wliieh the built portion is about 8 m. long, and } m. wide. The dwelling houses are gener- ally neat and convenient, of brick and wood. Many private residences are very elegant and costly. The capitol oe-eupies a very commanding situation on an elevated plain called Shockoe hUl, in the W. division of the city. It stands in Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground contai.img aboii 8 aero ornamented with trees, grass plats, walks, etc. It is a spacious and elegant building, surrounded on 3 sides by a loflv and imposing portico, in the Ionic order. It con- tains a s'tatue of Washington, the only one ever taken from Ufe, executed by Houdon, a celebrated French artist, and erected in 17SS ; a bust of Lafayette, etc. The C ity la 1, on r,road Street, fronting Capitol Square, is an elegant cdiflee of Grecian architecture, with a portico at each end of 4 Doric columns. The Governor's House is at the h. end of he square. The County Court-house is about 1 m. f'^J'" capitol. The State Penitentiary, in the W. suburbs, is 300 Let long and 110 broad, in the form of a hollow square, sur- rounded by extensive grounds. The Alms-house, a spacious building, is in the N. suburbs. The Armory is a large edifice .320 feet long by 2So feet wide. The Female Orphan Asylum is supported partly by the corporation, and partly bv private muniflcence. There are about 25 churches, many of which are very handsome ediftces. The Moiiu- mciiUil Episcopal church stands upon the site ol the I.u-li- nioiul Theatre, which was destroyed by Are, Dec. 261h, ISIl, and whereby 66 whit* and 6 colored persons lost their lives. The congregation of the African church is one of the largest in the tininu. 734 The Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, founded 1S3S, in ls50 had 7 profess..rs, 90 students, and 40 graduates. The Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society was founded in 1»31. Bt Vincenfs and IV.chmond colleges, near the city, are flourishing academies. In lS>oo there were 15 newspapers and periodicals, viz., dailies, •• l; Enquirer," "P.. Whig," " Dispatch," " Times and Com- piler" "Herald," "Future Age," and " Kepublican ;" weeklies, '■Ecligious Herald," "Watchman and Observer; monthlies, "Missionary Journal," "The Commissmn,. •■Baptist Preacher," "Southern Planter," "Literary Mes- ^ seiiger ;" quarterly, " Historical Register." The city government is vcsled in the mayor, recorder, aldermen, and city council. The city is lighted with gas, and generally well paved ; the markets are well supplied. The public water-works were commenced in 1^30, and cost about $120,000. By two forcing pumps, worked by water- power, 800,000 gallons of water in 24 hours are lifled from James r. into 3 reservoirs, containing each 1,000,000 gallom, thence disiributed over the cily in pipes. The principal manufactures are of tobacco, flour, iron, cotton and woolens. Water-power of unlimited extent is furnished by James r., which within a few miles above the city descends SO feet. Of tobacco there are 35 to 40 factories and 10 or 12 stemmeries, together employing about 2,o00 blacks, and manufacturing 12 to 15,000 hhds. annually. Besides smaller mills, here are two of the most extensive flouring-mills in the world, "Gallcgo" and " Haxall,' each running 20 or more pairs of stones, and capable of producing 8110 to 900 hbls. of flour daily. There are 8 iron roll.ng-m.lls, foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail facUiry.on BeUe isle, producing 75,UU0 lbs. of nails weekly. Four cotton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 lbs. of cotton per annum, and a woolen mill 600,000 lbs. of W0..1 annually. Besides these, are large machine-shops, a P»P;'-""' ■ f >;; There are three banks, w ilh aggregate capital of $2,114,000, 3 insurance companies, and 8 savings banks. Four lines- of railroad here connect, viz., Eichmom , Frederick, and Potomac E. K., eommeneiug al Aquia creek on the Potomac, 75 m. long;. Kiehmond and leU-rsburg 1> E ■'a m. long ; the Central E. E. to Covington, and Dan- vide E. E. completed to Keeseville, 78 m. The James Eive, Canal, completed in 1S.S5 to Lynchburg, 14b m., ">"1 J" 1SS2 to Balcony Falls, is the principal channel of trade with the ""t™ following statement exhibits the amount of tonnage, and its eslimat'ed value, imp..rlcd mlo Eiehraond on the James Elver and Kanawha Can.al, during each of the 5 years 1818-52, with its freight and tolls: Esli>'i.-il«tl ye.ir enjing No. Oct. 31. Toi Fieiglila and tollH. 181R.... 1-25,054... ^,2:W,582 18... $192.750 35 lb49 140,6.16... 5,4.35,040 66... 247,30108 1S50 .137,539... 6.123.865 49... 213.74147 1851 .140,924... 6.133,853 62... 'ISl.SSa 83 1852.. ..153,377... 7.145.837*3... 220,047 34 TotaU184S-52)697,W0 $28,069,135 38 $1,060,140 65 The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its value and freightage, imported into Eichmon.l, on the Kiehmond and Petersburg E. E., during each of the 5 years 1843-52. year ending .j.(,„„„g,^ Eftimatea value. rreislit- IMST... 20.301... $6.'!2,557 99... $18,361 62 1S49.... 19,539... 695.742 40... 18,159 71 1850 22 861... 1,377,065 45... 21.560 83 886,412 40... 18,314 12 1.262.243 85... 24.7.VJ S9 IfSl. 1852. 19,.'j:53. 27.932. Total (1845-52) 110.166 $4,854,027 09 $101,149 18 The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with Its eslimau-d value, and the freiglits and tolls on Ilie same. RIC RID No or Tons, imported iqip Richmond durijig 1S52, by tile various works of internal liiiprovemcut loading into tlie cily : Names of rompanie.. "" "' EstimnteJ James Eiver, and I ICauawlia co. i " K., Fredericlcsl>urg. ) and Potomac n.K. ) ' Kiciimond and Pe- { tersbiu-g E. II. ( ■ EiclimondandDan- I ville P.. U. 1 ■ Virginia Central E. E. ,153,377.. $:,l«,s.'lT 4.3. .$2201947 84 4,S07.. 255,000 00.. 19,252 03 Total. 27.0.32.. 1,2(;2.24S 85. . 24,752 89 63,421.. 967,336 00. . 87,919 45 17.450.. 1,000,000 00. . 65.989 20 50,9*7 $10,000,422 23 $358,861 41 The foreign export trade is chiefly in tobacco to all parts of Europe, flour and grain occasionally, and in flour to Brazil. The import trade direct from Europe, or otliur countries, is now inconsiderable, havini; gradually dimin- islifd with the increased facilities of New York, by her regular packets and steamers to Europe. The channel of the r. is winding, which, with the distance from the ocean, is a consideralile impediment to navigation. Vessels draw- ing mnre than 10 or 11 feet water are prevented from coming up to (he oily by the bar, 7 m. below it. and such load at Cily Puint, Bermuda Hundred, or Port Wallliall. On June 30, 1S50, the total tonnage of R. district was S,45S tons. The registered tonnage was 3,161 tons, of which 1..5SS tons were permanent, and 1,573 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, consisting of 4.276 tons permanent, and 1,021 tons temporary, ali of which were employed in the coasting trade. During the year previous, the number of clearances for fureiga countries was 69—24,321 tons; no. of entrances do., 8—1,811 Ions. Vessels built during the year, S (1 ship, 7 schooners)— 1,479 tons. • The inspections of tobacco for several years are as follows ; Ye^ira. Hii.lg. Yeitra. HIkIs. y^ars. Hli-ls. Vears. HluU 1S41...1S,267 lS44...19,m I 1S47... 19,993 | 1850. . .17,986 1^1-2... 23.129 1845... 21.902 1848... 15,733 1?51...15,67S 1843... 22,829 1846.. .19,572 | 1849 . . . 1S,SU3 | 1852,. .24,119 In a. JIT. T.: 245 m. W. by N. Albany. Driiined by Oak Orchard cr. Surface ele- vated, but level ; eoil fertile. There are numerous factories and mills in the t, and tlie Erie Canal :ind the Uoclnfst*-r, Lockporl, and Niagara Falls B. B. jkiss through its S. part. Pop. 4,591. EiDGEWAT, p. V. and stii., Warren co., JV. Oir.: 49 m. N. N. E. Balt'igh, on Gaston and Baleigh E. E., 53 m. from Ealeigh, 29 m. frum Gaston. EiDGEWAY, t., p. o.. and cap. Elk county, Penn. : 123 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Clarion r. and its branches. Surface uneven; soil of avi-rage fertility. Farming is the priuQipal occupation. The v. on Clarion r. is a considerable place, and has several manufactures. The "Elk County Advocate" is published here. P"p. of t. 800. EiDGEWAT, p. V. and sta., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: on the Charlotte and South Carolina 11. B., 23 miles N. by E. Columbia. EiDGEWAT, t. and p. v., Iowa co.. Wise: 30 m. W. by S. Madison. Pop. of L 7*)4. BinGKWoob, p. 0., Fairfield district, S. Car.: 25 m. N. Columbia. Eiuon's, p. o., Stephenson co.. III. : on E. side of small branch of Pecaionica r, 171 m. N. Spriiigflebi. EiEGEi^viLLE, p. o., Bucks CO., J'enii.: S9 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 726 EiENzi, p. v., Tishemingo co.. MUn. : 194 m^. E. by N. Jackson. EiFLE river, Mich. : rises in S. part of Oscoda co., flows S. through Ogemaw co., and S. E. through Arenac co., into Saginaw bay. BiFLE Point, p. o., Concordia par., La, : 72 m. N. N. W. Baton Eouge. BioA, t, Monroe co., K. Y.: 212 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Black creek. Surface undulating; soil fertile. The Buffalo and Bochester B. E. passes through it, on which is Churchville. Pop. of t 2,15&. Btga, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich, : 7S m. S. E. by S. Lansing. Bounded on the S. by Ohio State line. The Erie and Kalamazoo E. K. passes through the t., having a station at Knight'.'', 12 m. from Adrian, 20 m. from Toledo Popu- lation of L 20S. EiGA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio: on E. side of OUawa r., 12-3 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Bigg's Cross Eoads, p. o., Williamson co., Term. : 24 m. S. Na.shville. EiLEY, p. o., Vigo CO., Jnd. :. 64 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. BiLET, p. o., M'Henry county, 111. : 1S9 m. N. N. E. Springfield. EiLETviLLE, p. v., Wayne county, Penn.: 122 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Ei.MERSiirEO, p. o., Clarion co., Penn. : 146 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. RiNUGE. t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K. Hamp. : 44 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by the outlets of a number of ponds which flow into Miller's r. of the Connecticut, and into the Merrimac r., affording extensive water-power. The principal ponds are called Manomonack, Emerson, Pesley, Lnng, Grassy, and Kullet. These ponds abound in excel- lent flsb, and they were formerly much frequented by the Indians for procuring fur, etc. The soO is fertile, the land fur the most part inclining to the S. Iron ore is found here, 83 also a species of paint resembling Spanish brown, and nearly equal to it in quality. Eindge, formerly called BowLEY Canada, orMoNADNOCK No. 1, was incorporated in 176S. when it received its present name. It has some light manufactures. The v. is located in S. part of the town. Pop. oft 1,274. BiNGGOLD county, 7a. Situate S. toward the W., and contains 520 sq. m. Drained by head branches of One Hundred and Two r., and branch of Elkhorn r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. Ringgold, p. o.. Cook county, JU. : 170 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Ringgold, p. o., Jefferson co., Perm. : 12S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Ringgold, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 m. E. by S. Columbus. Ringgold, p. v. and sta., Walker co., Ga.: on Western and Atlantic R. R., 116 m. frf>m Atlanta, and 24 m. from Cliattanoogii, and 179 m. N. W. Milledgeville, Ringgold, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. EiNUGOLD, p. o.jWashington co., Md. : 75 m. N.W. by W. Annapolis. BiNGGOLD, p. c, Bienville parish, La^: 174 m. N. W. Batun Rouge. RiNGGuLi), p. o., Platte county, Mo.: 157 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. BiNGGOLD, p. o., Montgomery county, TJswti. .• 43 m. N.W. Nashville. BiXGGOLD, p. a, Pittsylvania co., Virg.: 120 ra. W. S.W. Eiebmonil. BiNGGoi.D, p. o., La Grange county, Ind. : 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. EiNGoia, p. v., ITunterdon co., N. Jer.: at foot of Rock Mountain, 15 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It is a small manu- faoturing village, cunlaining an academy, several stores, etv., and about 250 inhabitants. RIN RIV Rns'GwooD, p. o., M'llenry co., III.: 1S9 in. N. by E. BpringfiedldL liiNGwooD, p. 0., Halifax county, N. Car.: GG m. N. K. lialeigh. KiNOSA, p. o., Iroquois co., Hi.: 136 m. N. E.SpringfleM. Rio, p. v., Coweta county, Gtt. : 104 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Rio Ariba county, JV. J/aj*. ' Situate generally between lat. 35° 30' and 37° N., and extending from the Calilornia feUile line to Tans and Santa F6 counties on the Rio Grande, and conlains an area of 50,000 sq. ni. The only part inha!)- ited by civiliztMl man is that boniering on tlio Rio Grande, where are several pueblas. The western partis overrun by the Naviijos, Pah-Utah, and other Indian tribes, and drained by the O'lnrado audits tributaries. Farms IW; nmnuf. — ; dwell. 1,084, and pop.— wh. 7:749, fr. col. 2— total 7,T51. CopiUd: Cuchillo. Rio Grakue, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 90 m. S. 9. E. Cohimbus. ■ Rio Grande river. See New Mexico. Rio Grande City, p. v., and cap. Starr county, Tex. : on E. bank of Rio Grande, opposite the confluence of Rio San Juan, 94 m.W. N.W. Mataraoras, and 270 m. S. W. by S. Austin City. Ringgold Barracks, located here, is a United States military post. The city is surrounded by a good agri- cultural country, and is a flourishing place. Steamboats ply here regularly from Matamoras and other places on the river. Ripley county, Tnd. Situate S. E., and contains 439 sq. ni. r)raini'd by Graham's and Laughery's creeks, trib- ularies of the Ohio r. Surface in general level, but on the streams part of the land is hilly; soil fertile. Chief pro- ductions, wheat, Indian com, and sugar. It contains some faetnries, which have taken advantage of the extensive water-power supplied by the streams. The under stratum In the uplands consists chiefly of blue limestone. Farms 1.41)5; uuinuf. 49; dwell. 2.607, and pop.— wh. 14,724, fr. col. 90— total 14,S20. Capital : Versailles. PuUic Works : Ohio and Mississippi R. R. ; Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi R. R. Ripley county, Mn. Situate S. toward the E., and con- tjiijis 1,0S9 sq. m. Drained by Current r. and its branches, and by branches of Big Blackwater r. Surface hilly ; soil varied. Along the streams the land is fertile and produc- tive in corn and tobacco; in the uplands it is well adapted t^) grazing. Timber is found in abundance. Farms 25S ; nmnuf. 7 ; dwell. 445. and pop.— wh. 2,781, fr. col. 13, si. 66 —total 2,830. Capital: Doniphan. RipLE^vt^- and p. v., Somerset co., 3le. : 49 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Maine stream, emptying into Moose pond, which passes through iL It is an excellent farming town, raising wheat and other grains in abundance. Pop. of t. 041. RiPLKY, p. v., and cap, Tippah co., Ml^s. : ITS m. N. N. E. Jackson. It contains the court-house, jail, etc. The "li. Aelier. Drained by Middleburg river, which nirords waler-power, and along which is some good land. Surface mountainous, and much brolten. The village is situated on tlie Royalton and Vergennes turnpike. Pop. of t. 507. RisDON, p. v., St. Clair co., ///..■ 119 m. S. SpringfleM. 2 m. E. Kaskaskia river,' on a small creek of same, atfunling good water-power. liisDoN, p. 0., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 miles N. N. W. Columbus. Rising Fawn. p. v., Dade co., Ga. : near Georgia State line, 191 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Rising Sun, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., Iiid. : on Ohio r., 9 m. bt-low Aurora, and 87 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It is pleasantly located on an elevated bank, surrounded by a fertile coun- try, and is a flourishing business place. There are cotton antl woolen factbrles doing an extensive business. Since its esU'iblishment as the county seat it has improved rapidly. It now contains the county buildings, churcjiea, an acad- emy, printing offices, a tannery, etc., and a few factories. Two newspapers are published weekly, "True Whig," and "Rising Sun M'u"ror'" (lit.) Risiso Sun, p. o., Cecil co., Md.: a few m. E. Ocalara r., 53 m. N. N. E. Annapolis, Rising Sun, p. v., IMiiladelphia co., Penn. : on the Ger- mantown road, 3 m. from Philadelphia, and 93 m. E. by S. Harrisbnrg. RisLEY county. la. Situate N". centrally, and contains 570 sq. m. Drained by Boone river, a tributary of Des Moines r., and by Skunk r. and branches. Surface undu- lating ; soil fertile. Set off since ISoO. Ritchie county, Virg. Erecte., N. Y. : 215 m. W. Albany. River Slde, p. o., Ulster county, 2\^. Y. : 54 m. S. by W. Albany, KivKE Side, p. o., Cuiuberlan*».; 74 ra. N. Ilarrisburg. RoADSTows, p. v., Cumberland county, A'. J&r. : 60 miles 8. S. W. Trenton. RoADTiLLE, p. v., Charleston dist, S. Car. : 95 m. S. E. Columbia. Roane county, Tenn. Situate toward the E., and con- teins 4G8 sq. m. Tennessee r. passes centrally through it, by which and by Clinch r. and tlieir branchts it is drained. Surface level ; soil a fine, deep loam, and very fertile, and produces wheat, Indian corn, cotton, etc. Farms 842; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,S12, and pop.— wh. 10,526. fr. col. 115, £l. 1,544— total 12.1S5. CV/yi(C«;; Kingston. Public Works: Georgia and East Tennessee R. 1'. Roan Mountain, p. c, "Carter county, Tenn. : 263 m. E. Nashville. Roanoke county, Virg, Situate toward S. W., and con- tains 822 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Slaimlon river. Surface uneven and mountainous; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Chief jiroducts wheat. Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 405 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 925, and pop. — wh. 5.813, fr. col. 154, si. 2,510— total S,477. Cupital : Salem. P4bbUc Works. : Virginia and Tennessee R. li. Roanoke, p. v., Randolph county, Ala.: 7S m. N. E. Montgomery, 7 m. W. Georgia Slate line. Roanoke, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y. : on Allen's cr.,223 m. W. by. N. Albany. It contains a furnace and several mills. Roanoke, p. o., Huntingdon co.,/iu1.: on W. bjuk of Little r., on the 'Wabaflh and Erie Canal,69 miles N. N. E. Indianapolis. Roanoke, p. c, Randolph j:o., Mo.: 60 m- N. N. W. Jefferson City. Roanoke river, Virg. and If. Car.: ia formed by the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, near the S. boundary of Virginia, and flows into the head of Albemarle Sound. It is navigable to the great falls at Halifax, 75 ra., for vessels of 45 ttins. A canal round the falls opens the navigation for batteaux, to the junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, both of which are navigable some distance for boats of 5 tons. Roanoke BRroGE, p. 0., Charlotte co., Virg.: 63 m. 8. W. by W. Richmond. Roan'8 Creek, p. o., Carroll co., 5>?i??. .• 96 ni. W. by S. Nashville. lioARiNo Creek, p. c, Montour co., Pe7in. : 4G m. N. E. Harrisburg. Roaring Spring, p. o., Trigg co., Ay. : 192 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort RoBBiNSTON, t and p. v., Washington co., Me.: 137 m. E. N. E. Aug\i9ta. It ia located on the Srhrmdic or St. Croix r., opposite St. Andrew's, in New Brunswick. There are 723 several ponds in the t, by the oulleta of which it is druined. This place has great navigable i)rivilcges, and i|0tt the site of considerable ship-building. The manufacture of lumber is carried on to a great extent, and forms the chief com- modity of trade. The manufacture of woolen goods and flour is also carried on. The v. is on the bank of SL Croix r., and near ita nioulh. Pop. of t. 1,02S. RuBRUsoN's Cross Roads, p. o., Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 96 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Roekrt's Corners^ p. a, Jefferson co., JV. Y.: 145 m. N. W. Albany. RoBKRisoN county, Teiin. Situate N. toward the W.,aiid contains 4Sl sq. m. Drained by aftluents of Sycamore creek and Red river. Surl;icc undulating; soil fertile, and very productive. Tobacco is tlie staple. Cotton is grown, and good crops of wheat and corn arc raised. Farms 1.0G3; manuf. 63; dwell. 1.995, and poj).— wh. ll.So4, fr. col. 25, si. 4,filG— total 16,145. CapiUU: Springfield. RoBBRTiS'.'N cotmty, Tex. Situal*: E. centrally, and con- tains 946 sq. m. Drained by Little Brazos river and branches, and tributaries <»f Navasota river, which forms its eastern bouu^lary. Surface undulating; soil in general fertile, and on the streams very rich and highly productive. It yields excellent crops ot cotton, corn, and potatoes. It has much prairie land covered with weeds, the soil of which, when the weeds are burnt off, is, on account of its lightness, 4(pry valuable, it being so easy of cultivation and very fertile. It has extensive beds of coal and iron ore. Farms IS ; manuf. ; dwell, 132, and pop.— wh. 670, fr. coL 0, si. 264— total 934. Capital: Franklin. Robertson's Store, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Vii'g. : 113 m. W. S. W. Richmond. RoBEUTSoNviLLE, p. o., Sullivan CO., 2f. Y. : 65 m. W. by S. Albany. RoBERTSViLLE, p. V., Beauf irt li^t., S. Car. : on a branch of Savannah r., 96 ni. S; by W. Columbia. RoHEKTSviLLE, p. V., Audcrson CO., Tenn.: 156 m. E. Nashville. RoBKsoN county, N". Car. Situate S. toward the "W., and contains &9l) sQ. in. Drained by Lumber river, and head branches of Little Pedee river. Surface raoderaleiy level ; soil fertile, and favors the growth of cotton. Much of the land is well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produe- tion^colton and Indian corn. Farms 1,U2 ; m.anuf. 10; dwell. 1.518, ami pf>p.— wh. 7,2y0, ft*, col. 1,171, &l. 4,365— total 12,S2C. Copital: Lumbcrton. Robeson, p. o., Brunswick co., K Car. : 109 m. S. by E. Raleigh. R01JF.8ON, t and p. 0., Berks county, Penn.: 51 m. E. narrist)urg. The Schuylkill river bounds it on the N. E. Drained by Alleghany and Hay creeks of the Schuylkill. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil gravelljjnnd sterile. Iron deposits are in the vicinity, and a Airge wldi-h, inlS50, produced 600 tons blooms. The t coulains several flouring, grist, antl saw mills, stores, etc Robina, ]). v., Panola ca, J/m«. ; 132 m. N. Jackson. Drained by a creek of Tocanapatafa river. Robin's FERitv, v. and sta., Merrimac co., A^ Ilamp.: on the right bank of the Merrimac r., and on the Con- cord and Nashua Railroad, 30 m. N. Nashua, and 5 in. S. Conci'rd. Robin's Nest, p. 0., Peoria co.. III. : on small branch of Kickapirf) cr., G'J in. N. Springfield. Jubilee College, located here, is an Episcopal seminary. Robinson Cheek, p. o.,, Pike eo., Ky. : 149 m. E. S. E. FrankforL Robinson C. H.. p. v. and cap. Crawford co., 77/. .* 121 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It is located 8 miles W. of the Wabash, and contains the county buildings, etc. Robinsons, p. o.. Darke co., Ohio: on N. side of Green- ville cr., 79 m. W. by N. Columbus. Ro3edi exhibiting for a long dislancc a solid base of rock. The area occupied by dwellings is very large for the population, Ihe houses for the most part being sejiarate dwellings. Tile E. and W. parls of the city are connected by o'bridires. The principal street, called Main Street, on'tlie E. side, and •fntTMn Street, on the W. side, is a very long, broad, and ■"dsorne avenue, passing over llie central bridge, and d wilh the principal stores, hotels, etc. The blocks of stores, and houses generally, are noted for their neat appearance. Brick and stone are the principal building materials wilhin the limits of tlie fire dislricUs. Several large parks are reserved as public grounds, of which llie principal is W.ashington Square. The Curt-house, ..n Buf- falo street, is a large and elegant structure, wilh band- some granite portico, containing the creab') "Christian Guar,iian" (Univers.), "Advent Harbinger" (Sec. Adv.); scmi-monlhlies, "Christian SenlincI" (Uni, vers), "Flag of Freedom;" moiilhlies, "Gencsi-e Farmer" (agric.) and " Eclectic .lournal" (med.) There are about 80. churches, some of which are fine slniclurcs, ami 2 lan'e orphan asylums. The city government is vested in\ mayor, recorder, and common council, all of whom are elected aiiniially. The common schools are governed bv a board of educalion, composed of two members from each ward. The cily is divided into 9 wards, is gom-rally well paved and proviiled with sewerase, and is lighted by c.is Water is abiinr- tile. and genenilly productive. Staples, wh^-at and Indian corn. Farms 441; nianuf 3; dwell. 74G. and pup, — nh. 4,*s9, fr. col. 33. rI. 375~-tot;d 4.697. Capital : Mount Ver- non. Public Works: Kiioxville and Lexington K. R. Rock Castle, p. v., Patrick co., Hrg. : 147 m. W. S. ^V. Richinohd. Rock Citv, p. v., Duchess co., J^. Y. : on small branch of Hudson r., 49 m. S. Albany. Rock City, Cattaraugus co.. X. Y. : 7 m. from I'^llicotle- ville and near the line between Great and Little Valley — ;s a remarkable natural curiosity. The rock is liere conglom- erate, large masses, from 15 to 35 feet high, have been k-ft standing isolated, and are separated by alleys and passages of various widths. The whole area covereil by these blocks is near 100 acres. The scene is in the highest degree im- posing, and impresses upon the beholder the conviction, that the name has not been improperly chosen. I'-ocK City JIills, p. o., Saratoga county, i\' Y.: 29 m. by W. Albany. ocK Creek, p. o. and sta.. Bartholomew co.. lud. : on Madison and Indianapchs K. R,, 34 m. from Madison, 11(1 51 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Rock Creek, p. o., Carri)ll co., /?-/. ; 153 m. N. Springfield. RuCK Creek, p. o., Cedar county, la. : on E. side of Cedar r., 19 m. E. Iowa City. Rock Creek, p. o., Somerset county, Jfd. : 63 ra. S. E. Annapolis. Rock Creek, p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 93 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. KoCK Creek, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: 1S5 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Rock Creek, p. o., Orange co., iV. Car. : hG m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Rock Creek, p. o., Tell county. Ark.: 77 m. W. N. AV. Little Rock. Rockdale, t. and p. o., Crawfonl county, Penn. : 192 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by French cr. and tributJiry of Alleghany r. It has limited nianufactnres. Rockdale, sta.. Licking co.. (Mio; on the Central Ohio R. R., IS m. -W. by N. Zanesville, and 4o m. E. by N. Columbus. Rockdale, p. o., Chenango co., K. Y. : 9S ra. "VV. by S. Albany. Rockdale, p. o., Randolph co., Ala.: SG m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. Rockford, p. v., and cap. "Winnebago co.,IU.: at the rapids on Rock r., 170 m. N. by E. Springfitid, and on the Galena and Chicago Union R. R.. 92 ni. N.W. by N.Chicago. It is locateri on a high and fertile prairie on the W. side of the river, and contains the court-house, jail, etc. Immense walt-r-powcr is derived from the rapids, and there are some good mill-seats. Steamboats come up to this place. Tho " Rockford Forum" (whig) is a weekly issue. Pop, 2.093. Rockford, p. v. and sia., Jackson co., luff. : oir E. side of East fork of White r., and on the JeffV-rsnnville R. R., 52 m. N. Jeffersotiville, and 55 m. S. by E. Luiianapolis. Rockford, p. v., and cap. Surry co., .A' Car.: on N, side of Yadkin r., 12S in. W. N. W. Raleigh. Rockford CoruT-noirsE, Coosa co., Ala.: on a branch of Hatchet cr. of Coosa r.. 84 m. N. Montg-imcry. Ropk Grove, p. o., Stephenson co., III. : on a branch of Rock r., ISl m. N. Springfield. Rock Hall, p. v., Kent county, 2M. : IS m. N. E. Annapolis. P.O. k Haven, p. o., Mead county, Ky. : 75 m. W. by S. Frankfort, Rock Hill, p. 0., St Louis founty, Mo. : 99 m. E. Jeflcrson City. 781 ROC Rock Hlll, p. o., Marquotle CO., Wise. ; 44 m. N. by E. Madison. KocKiioLD's, p. o., Whitley county, iy. •' 101 "™- 8- 3- ^' Frankfort, EocKnoLD'B, p. o., SulUvan Co., Tetwi. : 244 m. E. by N. Nashville. EocK HocsK, p. o., Sumner Co., Term.: 81 m. N. E. Kashville. Rock Hoote, p.o., Hocking Co.. Ohio .•42 m. S.E.Columbus. RocKiiousE Peaieie, p. 0., Buchanan oo., Mo. : 154 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Rockingham county, Jf ffamp. Situate S. E., anil con- tains 812 sq. m. ■ Drained by Lampri-y and Squamsot rivers and their affluents. Surface generally uneven ; soil fertile, and f;enerally well cultivated. The face of the coun- try is divcrsifled with numerous lakes or ponds, the princi- pal of which are Great Bay, in the N. E., and Massahesic pond in the W. It has many importunt manufactures. Farms 3.S11 ; ma.ral. 9S4 ; dwell. 9,118. and pop.— wh. 50,869, fr. col. IIT— total 60,986. Cu/Ji'toi .• Exeter. PuUicWorka: Eastern K. R. : Boston and Maine R. R. ; Manchester and Lanrence R. R. ; Portsmouth and Concord E. R. ; New. buryport Branch E. E., etc RucKl.vQUA.M county, N. Car. Situate N., and cnnUi'^ 412 sq. m. Drained by Dan r. and its branches, and h^ branches of Haw r. Surface elevated, and in some p: hilly, and well adapted to grazing; soil very fertile, and I bacco is grown considerably, forming one of its staples Farms TIT; manuf. 43; dwell. 1,693, and pop.— wh. 8.047 fr. col. 419, si. 6,3'29— total l'l,S95. Capit'd : Wentworth. RoCKlNon.ul county, Virg. Situate centrally, and con- tains T69 sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branch- es. Surface broken, and in parts mounlaiuous ; soil vari- ous, adapted to grazing in the uplands— along the streams very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Some toh.acco is also grown. Farms 1.213; manuf. 167; dwell. 3,(147. and p.)p.— wh. 17,493, fr. col. 465, si. 2,:331— U.tal 20,294. Capital : Harrisonburg. EocKi.N«uAM, p. v., and cjip. Richmond co., iV. Car. : on Hitchcock's cr., 81 m. 8. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court- house, jail, etc. RoCKisGUAM, L and p. v.. Windham county, Veitn. : is delightfully located on W. side of Connecticut river, TS m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by William and Sextas rivers, tributaries of the Connecticut r. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. Its agricultural products are large, and it luis extensive manufactories. The location of the t. remlers it a mart of much interior trade, and lias cause.l the erection of a number of neat and pleasant villages. In the Connecti- cut r., near the S. E. corner of the t, is '• Bellows Falls," ai-ound which is an interesting loranty of miiu-rals. The rocks are principaUy gneiss. The river here is compressed into a narrow strait, between steep rocks, and for nearly a quarter of a mile h.-is a rapid flow. A canal, with 9 locks, pa-sses romid these falls. A bridge (erected in 1735) spans the river at this point. Immense water-power is derived from the streams and falls, and used for manufacturing purposes. The manufactures consist of woolen gooils, pa- per, leather, flour, lumber, etc. The station is on Willianrs river, and on the Rutland and Burlington E. I'.., 114 m. S. E. Burlington; and the Vermont Valley R. 1!. passes through the t. The '• RepubUc" (whig) is a weekly issue. Top. of t. 2,857. Rook Island county, lU. Situate N. W., and contains 425 sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and other allluenls of the Mississippi, which forms its W. boundary. Surface undu- lating : soil fertile, parlioularly along the Mississi|ipi. Farms 63S ;°manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,246, and pop.— wh. 6.935, ft. col. 2 —total 6,937. Capital : Rock Island. Publia Works : Chicago and Rock Island R. R., etc Rock island. Rock Island co., ///. .• a large island in the Mississippi r., 93 m. belo* Savannah, and 131 in. N. N. W. Sprdigaehl. It is 8 m. long and ;ibout U m. wide, with 782 EOC limestone rock for its base. On it stands Fort Armstrong, a strong and neat fortineation of the U. Stales. On two sides the rook is 20 feet perpendicular in height above the river, and forms the (ounJation of the fort. The S. point of the island is elevated about 40 feet above the.level of the river. Rock Isla>i), p. o., Austin county, ?l?a!. ; 95 m. E. by S. Austin City. Rock Island, p. o., Warren county, Tmn. : on S. side of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 71 m. IS. S. E. Nashville. Rock Island Citt, p. v., and cap. Rock Island county, III, : at the junction of Rock river with the Mississippi river. 50 miles below Van Buren, and 131 miles N. N. W. Springfield. It has been laid out on an extensive plan, is rapidly increasing, and promises to become a pl.ace of con- siderable importance. It contains a courl-house, jail, etc. The position of the city is one of the best on the Upper Mississippi, and the country surrounding it affords fine agri- cullural facilities, timber, limestone, and coal in abundance, large quantities of which are transported to other points. The " Rock Island Advertiser'' (whig) is a weekly is.sue. The Chicago and Rock Island R. R. has lis terminus at this point. Rock Island Eapids commence at Rock Islnn- peak, 2,226 feet above the stream which winds around its base. It is about T m. in circumference. Rock Point, p. o., Independence co., Ark.: on S. side of SaUne cr„ 69 m. N. E. by N. Little Ruck. RoCKPOKT, p. o.. Hot Springs co., A/A: : on E. side of OuachiUi r., 40 in. S. W. by W. Little Rock. RocKPOET, p. o.. Pike co., Iil. : on the Snycartee Shmgh, 74 m. W. by S. Springfield; RocKPoRT, p. v., and cap. Spencer co., Ind. : on N. bank of Ohio r.. 15 ra. below Maxville, 184 m. S. S. W. Imlian- ap'jlis. It is located on Rock Lady Washington, a formation of sandstone, which rises in a circular I'l-rm to the height of 30 feet above the firat bank of the river, jiresenling a bold front. The position is very commanding, and the surround- ing country is exceedingly rich and fertile, producing large crops of corn, etc. It contains the county buildiugs, a tan- nery, ship-yard, etc. Rorui'OBT, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : comprises all the seaward portion of the extremity of- Cape Ann, 31 m. N. E. Boston. There are two pleasant villages in the t, Sandy Ray and Pigeon Cove, about 1 m. apart, at both of wliich are artificial harbors for small vessels. Although the t. derives its name from the character of its shores and surface, it contains many large tracts of clear land. At Pigeon Cove are extensive quarries of granite. This t. is of much resort in the summer months. There are some stores and a bank, capital $100,000. Pop. of t. 3,255. RocKpop.T, t, p. o., and sta. Cuyahoga co., Ohio: on "W. side of Rocky r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, the N. boundary of the t., 116 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. passes through its S. part. 7 m. from Cleveland. Pop. 1,441. RocKPOKT, p. o., Carbon county, Perm.: 7G miles N. E. Harris burg. Rock Pbaieie, p. o., Rock county. Wise. : 35 ro. S. S. E. Madison. Rock Peaieie, p. v., Dade county, Mo.: 116 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Rock Q(j.\rp.t. p. o., Pope co., Jll.: on N. side of Ohio r., 174 m. S. S. K. ispringfield. Rock Rift. p. o., Delaware co., J^\ Y, Rock Rivek, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wi^c: 62 m. N. E. Madison. Rock Rcn, p. o., Stephenson county, HL: 173 miles N. Springfield. Rock Run, p. o., Harford co., J/f/. ; 49 m. N. Annapolis. EoCKSBCKG, AVarreu county, A^. Jer. : 40 m. N. W. by N. Trenton. RocKSFOED, p. 0., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S3 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Rock ^piEr.vo. "Walker co., Ga. : on W. side of branch of ChickamauiTa r., a tributary of Tennessee r., 174 m. N. "W. Milledgevilie. Rock Spbing, Orange co., A^. Car.: 47 m. N. "W. Raleigh. EdcK Spelsgs, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 52 m. K. E. Annapohs. Rock Station, sta., Plymouth co,, 3fass. : on Cape Cod Branch R. R.. 5 m. from Mitldleboro', 24 m. from Boston. Rock Stream, p. o. and sta., Yates county, A^. Y. .■ on W. bank of Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. passes through, 40 m. from Canandaigua, and 27 m. from Elmira. RocKTON. t ;md p. v., "Winnebago co.^Ill. : on Rock river, 133 m. N. Springfield. The t lies, chiefly oa the "W. side of Rock r., and \s also well watered by Pekatonica r. flowing E. through its centre, and by N. Sng.ir cr., which drains its N. portion and enters the Pekatonica 6 m. above its inonih- Surface undutaling ; soil rich prairie land, with some timber. The v. is on E. side of Rock river. RocKToN, p. v. and sta., Herkimer county. 2^. Y,: 91 m. W. N. W. Albany. FornKrly called Little Kails. Surface of t. hilly and mountainous; soil sandy and nrgiliaceous loam, watered by Mohawk r., on the S. side of which nms Ihe-Erie Canal, and on Hie N. side the Uijca and S.^henee- tady R. U. • The v. is beantifully situated on bnih sides of the Mohawk r., and is of some resort for its romantic si'eii- ery. The gap through which the r. passes is comparatively narrow, an. .' 55 m. S. W. Frankfort. EoLLiNo Praibie, p. o., Marion co., Ark. : 119 m. N. W. Lillle Rock. Roi.LiNsroRn, t. and sla., Btrafford CO., JT. ITamp. : on W. side of Salmon r, 34 m. E. Cany ; by R. R. from Albany 109 m. Surface of I. chiefly level, or gently undu- lating; soil a fertile elay and sandy loam. Drained E. by Motiawk r., on which is excellent land, and Wuoti cr., wliit-li flows W. into Oneida lake. These streams almost interlock, being only 1 ra. separate, and were coimecled by a small canal before the construction of the Erie Canal, which was bought out when the latter was made. The v. on Mohawk r. is built upon the site of old Fort St^inwyx, built in 1758, and rebuilt in the Revolutionary War, and called Fc.rt Schuyler. The Syracuse and Utica R. R. passes through it, 14 m. from Utica, 33 m. from Syracuse. Ilere commences the Watertown and Rome R. R., completed to Cape Vin- cent. 97 m. The Erie Canal here receives the connection of the Black River Canal, affording communication by water with Lake Ontario, etc. The v.. incorporated in 1S19, is. withWhitesboro', a lialf shire-town for Otieida co., and con- tains a court-houscand jail, a flourishing female seminary, 2 banks, with aggregate capital of $287,200, 6 churches, a cotton factor}', blast furnace, flouring and saw mills, etc. Here is a t'nited States arsenal, to which are attached a magazine and a number of workshops. Two newspapers are issued weekly, " R. Sentinel" (whig) and '• Roman Citi- zen" (whig.) Pop. of t. in 1840, 5,6S0; in 1S50. 7,913. Rome, t. and p. o.. Ashtabula county. OMo : 153 m. N. E. Columbus. I)rained by Grand r. and a branch. This town was formerly called Richfield. Pop. 744. Rome. sta.. Franklin co., Okia : on CoIuml>u3 and Senia K. R.,S m. W. from Columbus. Rome, t and p, o., Bradford en., Penn. ; on small branch of Susquehanna r., 110 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Contains a number of saw and grist mills, and has some manufac- tures. Pop. about 1.000, PwOME, p. v., Smith CO., T^nn. : on S. side of Tennessee r., 47 m. E. Nashville. Rome, p. o., Jefferson co., Wl-fc. : 43 m. E. by 6. Madison. EoMEO, p. v., Macomb co., Jflch. : on S. side of N. branch of Clinton r., 7S m. E. Lansing. It is pleasantly situated, and is surrounded by an excellent fanning country. It contains a very flourishing academy, an iron foundry, and tannerj". The "1;. Investigator*' (temp.) is issuP!d weekly. KoMEo, p. v., Greene co., Taui.: 213 m. E. Nafshviile. Romeo, p. o., M'lJenry county, HI.: 177 miles N. N. E. Springfield. Romince's Mili-s, p. 0., Harrison county, Viri/.: 199 m. N. W. Richmond. RoMNEY, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind. .-, on E. side of Wi-a cr., a tributary of Wabash r., 51 ni. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, and about 5(10 itdiabitaiits. RuMNEY, p. v.. and cup. Hampi-hire co., IV/v/. .■ on E side of S. branch of Potomac r., 14iJ m, N. l>y W. Richmond. Romulus, p. o,, Tuscaloosa co., Al(i. : on W. side of Black Warrior r., 99 m. N. W. Monlgoinery. Romulus, I. and p. o., Wayne county. 3[irh. : &4 m: S. JEl Lansing, Pop., with Taylor and Van Buren, 2.^33. Romulus, t. and p. v.. Seneca co., AC 5': lies between Cayuga and Seneca lakes, 1119 ra. W. Albany. The surf.tcc is higli in the centre, declining E. and W. toward the lakes; soil of good quality, well adapted to wiieat. Tlie village is a small settlement, containing a church, lavt-rn, a few stores, etc. Pop. 2,040. Ronald, t. and p. o., Ionia co.. J/lrh.: 31 m. N. W. Lan sing. Drained by Prairie cr. of Grand r. and its brunches. Pop. 452. Rook's creek, Livingston county, III. : 64 miles N. E. of Springfield, RoNDOUT, p. v., Ulster co,, 2^. Y, : on N. side of Rondout cr., 1 m. above its entrance into the Hudson r., 52 m. S. by W. Albany. It derives its business importance principally from the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which terminates at Eddy- ville, 2 m. above, whence the canal-boats are towed by steamboats. In the vicinity are found large quantities of hydraulic cement and quicklime, employing a number of men and vessels. A considerable amount of luml)er and produce is ht-re collected, and iransi>orled to New Yorl;. There are four boal-yards for building and repairing eanal- boafs, two dry docks for the repairing of sloops and coasting vessels, a grist-mill, tobacco factory, etc., a female seminary, and two churches. The " R. Courier" (neutral) is issued weekly. Steam ferry-boats ply to Eddyville and Khinebeck. Pop. about 1,700. RoNDouT kill or creek, AC Y.: rises in Sullivan co., and flows into the Hudson r. in Ulster co.. near Rondout v., at which point is a light-house. It receives the Wallkill an ail ore, found at the bottom of the creek, has been wrought to some extent by a company incorporated for the purpose. In the rocky cliffs near the river is a remarkable cave, containing nunieroufl apartments. of which fourteen have been visited; some of these are ,500 feet beneath the surface, and profusely adorned with stalactites, stalagmites, and various incrustations. Pop- ulation of t. 2,730. Root Creek, p. o., Milwaukie co., H'isc. .* 73 m. E. by S, Madison. Root river, ^Hnn. Ter: a large str^m in S. E. part of the Stiite, flows E. into Miosis'- ppi river. iiooiBTowN, t., p. o., and sa., Portage CO., OMo : 116 m. 735 ROS ROS N. E. Columbus, lying directly S. of Eavt-nna, 43 m. from Clevelaiul, on Cleveliind and Pittsburg K. R. It is a fine farmiirg t, watered by Cuyahoga r. Pop. iu 1S40, 1,112; In 1S5U, 138. KoscoE, t. and p. v., Winnebago en.. 111. : on E. side of Kock r..lSl ni. N. by E. trprinictii-kl. Tliis is a fine farming town, on the line ot the KoL-klurd and i:o.ck Inland li. K., now in construction. EoscoK. p. v., llenry county, Mo.: 93 miles "W. by S. Jefferson City. EoscoR, p. o., Todd co., Ky. : 167 ra. S. W. Frankfort EoscoE, p. v., Coithfioton co., Ohio: on W. side of Mus- kingum r., and on the Ohio Canal, S9 m. E. N. E. Cohimbus. The Muskingiun is here fnrnifid by the confluence of the ■VV'Alhoniliug and Tuscarawas rivers, which are crossed by a fine bridge, joat above their confluence. Koscoe has good water-power, an iron foundry, boat-yard, mills, and several stori'S. The Walhonding Canal, which extends to EoL-hesU-r, 'i5 in., here unites With the Ohio Canal. By these canals Eoscoe has become a great dep6t for wheat and other merchandise. In times of Jiigh water, steamboats occasion- ally run up to this point on the Muskingum. This town was first laid out in 1SH>, and named Caldersbiirg. It is a beallh- I'ul and beautiful idace, and surrouuded by fine scenery. Pop. about 5UU. EoscoMMON county, Mich. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 57tJ sq. ra. Drained by the branches of the Moskegon mid South rivers, and streams of Iliggina* and Uoughlon's lakes." Surface even; sod various, but for the most part fertile. Organized since 1&50. EosK, t and p. c, Oakland co., MicJi. : 47 m. E. Lansing. Watered by the E. branch of Shiawassee r. Pop. in 1S40, 415; inlS50, 8S6. Rose, t. mil p. o., Wayne co., N. Y. : 7 m. N. E. Lyons, 164 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil, grav- elly loam; drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- tario. It contains several saw-ndlls, a fuUing-miU, and tannery. Pop. in 1640, 2,083 ; iu 1850, 2.26i. KosE, t and p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 97 m. E. N. E. Colum- bus. The lieaver Canal passes through its N. W. corner. Pop. 1,337. EosEBooN, p. o., Otsego CO., K. Y. : 51 m. W. Albany. EosEBanG, p. v., Perry co., Penn, : 29 m. W. llarrisburg. EosE Cbeek, p. 0., M'Kairy county, Tenn. : 1*20 m. S. W. Nashville. Edsedale, p. v., Madison county, Ohio: 25 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Rose Grovb, p. o., Appomattox co., Virg. : 73 m. W. by S. Eichniond. KosK Hill, p. o., Seneca county., X, Y. : 153 m. W. Albany. EosE Hill, p. v., Jasper co., III. : on E. side of Embarras r, 88 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. Eose Hill, p. o., Amit6 co.. Miss, : on W. side of branch of Amilie r, lUO m. S. S. E. Jackson. EosE Hill, p. o., Lee co., Viro. : about 17 m. E. Cumber- land Gap, 819 m. W. by S. Eichmond. EoSE IIiLL, p. 0.. Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of SkunJ; r., 50 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. EoSBLAND, p. o., Nelson courfty, Virg, : 73 m. W. by N. Eichmond. EosB Mills, p. o., Amherst co., Virg. : on S. side otTyo r., a branch of James r., 87 m. W. by N. Kidimond. EosBNDALE, i. and p. v., Ulster co., N. Y. : on N. side of Eondout Kill, 63 m. S. by W. Albany. Hero is found in great abundance tlie best of hydrauHc cement, which .is manufactured in large quantities by two cement mills. The unoccupied water-power at this place is very extensive. About 2 m. below the v., near the high falls of the Kondout, is a mineral spring, possessing valuable pnjpertius. Pop. oft 2,418. ^ Eo.^ENDAi.B, t and p. c, Fond du Lac oo., Wiec: 65 m. N. E. by N. Madison Poi). 714. 786 EosB TitKE, p. o., Delaware co., Perm. : 81 m. E. by S. Harrtsburg. RoSEviu-E, p. v., Parke co., In^. : on S. side of Big Eac- coon cr., 5S ra. W. by S. Indianapolis. EosE\^LLE. p. o., Franklin co., Ar/:. : on S. side of Arkan- sas r.. 95 m. W. N. W. Liitlc Eock. EosEviLLE, p. o., Macomb CO., Midi,: 84 m. E. Lansing. EosEviLLK, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: on S. fork of Jonathan's cr., 40 m. E. by S. Columbus; contains a few mills and stores, ami about 200 inhabitants. EosicLAiTE, P.O., Hardin cO., III.: li m. N. of Ohio r., 125 ra. S. S. E. Springfleid. EosLiN, p. o-., Marquette co., Wtxc, : 57 m. X. Madison. EosLYN. p. o., Queen's co., AC Y. : at southern exlremitj' or Hempstead Harbor, Vi^i m. S. Albany. Eoss county, 0?iio. Situate toward the S.. anil contains 544 sq. m. Scioto river flows through it from N. to S., by whit'h and its branches it is drained. Surface varied, in the N. being level, and in the S. hilly and broken ; soil gener- ally fertile; in the level portions the land is rich and very productive. There is s<)me good timber land, and it has exo'Uent pasturage ibr cattle, large numbers of which are exported. It has good water privileges. Farms 1,435; manuf. 141, dwell. 5,575, and pop.— wh. S0,2u7, fr. coL 1,867— total 32,074. aipital: ChUlicothe. Public Works: Ohio Canal, etc. Eoss. t and p. o., Butler co., Ohio : on W. side of Miami river, 94 ra. W. S .W. CoUmibus. UraiUfd by Miami r.and its branches. Pop. in 1S40, 1,526; in 1850, l.W-S. Eoss, p. o., Anderson co., Tenn.: 147 m. E. Nashville. RosauiTBG, p. v.. Decatur co., lud. : on S. aide of branch of'Salt creek, a tributary of Whitewater river, 49 m. S. E. Indianapolis. - Eoss' Corner, p. o., York couoty, Me. : 79 m. S. S. W. Augusta. RossEAu, p. T., Morgan county, Ohio: 59 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Eoss' Ferry, p. o., Livingston county, Ky. : 199 milea 8. W. by W. Frankfort Eoss' Grove, p. o., De Kalb-co.,7?;. ; on W. side of LitUe Indian cr., 134 ra. N. by E. Springfield. RijfisiE, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence county, K. Y. : 150 m. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating and somewhat broken ; sod fertile loam, resting on lirae, granite, and sand- stone. Drained by Oswegatehie and Indian rivers. Iron and lead ore are found in great. abundance. The lead ores are of the finest quality, and apparenUy inexhaustible. These have been extensively worked since 1S37 by three companies, which have produced and sent to market large amounts of lead. The veins have been traced 15 m., vary- ing in width from 6 inches to 2 f^et lying in a flssure of rock in a solid mass; and from its loeaiion, its d<-pih is evi- dently very great The mine on Cole Hill is the jirincipal, the surface of which has been laid bare lor a conaiderable distance, bounded on either side by granite .rock. The mine is regarded by geologists as an anomaly in the mineral kingdom, and great natural curiosity, as well as a source of inexhaustible wealth. The v., on Indian r., is the principal locality of tliese mines, and is a scattered manufacturing settlement, containing an exten.-iive furnace and forge, iron foundry and machine shop, 1 gribt-mill, 1 saw-mill, 2 tav- erns, several stores, ami about 9u0 iuhabilauta. Pop. of L iu 1>10, 1,553; i« 1850, 1,471. RosSTuww, p. o., Shelby co., Tann. : 179 m. W. S. W. Nashville. EossviLLE, p. v., Walker co.. Go. : a short distjince from the Tenm-issce boundary, 1S3 m. N. W. Milledgevillo. For- merly a missionary station in the Cherokee Nation. Eusavii.LE, p. v., Clinton co., Intl. : on S. side of Middle fork of Ponceanichioux r. or Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. N. W. IndianaprJis. RossviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : 85 ni. N. AnnapoUa. llossviLLK, p. v., Eichmond, 00., N. Y. : on Staten Island ROS ROW gouuil, 145 m. S. by "W. ^Vlbany. It contains 2 carriage manufactories, a few stores autl dwellings, baa a steamboat landing, and a ferry to tiie Jersey shore, formerly known as the Old Blazing Star Ferrj'. RossTTLLE, p. o., Ghcster district, S. Car.: 45 ra. N. Columbia. KossviLLE, p. v., Butler co., O^iio: on W. side of Miami r. S9 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. A flourishing an' rapid, having great descent, and with its numerous branches furnishi«g very great water-power. Rough and Ready, p. o. and Bta., Chambers co., Ahr. : on Montgomery and West Point E. E., C3 m. from Mont- gomery, 2U m. fn>m West Point. Rough and Ready, p. o., Anderson county, iy. ; IS ni. S. S. W. Frankfort, Rough and Ready, p. o., Hancock county, 7/^ ; S3 m. W. N. W. Springfield. EouGU AND Ready, p. o. and sta., Fayette co., Ga. : on Macon and Western R. R., 11 m. from Atlanta and 90 m. from Macon, 79 m. N. W. by N. Milledgeville. EouGii AND Ready, p. o., Steuben county, N'. T. : 190 m. W. by S. Albany. Rough and IIkady, p. o., Warren co., Tarn. : C7 m. S. K. Nashville. Rough and Ready Mills, p. o., Henry co., Fii/v- •' 143 w. S. W. Richmond. Roron Ceeek, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg. : 71 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Rough Ceeek, p. o.. Grayson co., Kt/. : 101 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Roulette, t and p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 122 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Round island, Mich.: a small island on the N. part of Lake Huron, between Bois Blanc and V ickinau l-^lands. Round lake, N. Y.: a handsome sheet of water, lying in the t. of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton co., connected by an out- let i m. long, Willi Lake Pleasant, It is 8urrouny E. Boston. Soil of t. diversified ; a large portion is salt meadow, the arable soil is fertile. Watered by Rowley river, which, lufore its junction with Phim Island Sound, affords harborage for small vuasels. Plum inland belongs to 73T •ftox this t. The v. at the centre cmiluins 1 churches. The Eastern R. E. passes through the t, 29 m. from Boston. This t. was first settled in 10.39, by an imlustrious an.l pi'ius company from Yorkshire, England, who erected the first fulling-mill in New England, and manufactured the llrs^t cloth "in North America. The ancient township of R. was divided in 1S.38, and its W. part incorporated by the name of Georgetown. Pop. of 1. 1,075. Eox.iNA, t. and p. o., Eaton county, Mich. : 17 m. W. Lansing. Pop. 863. EoxnoKotJiiii, p. v., and cap. Person co., N. Car: 65 m. N. N. W. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, a few stores, and about 150 inhabitants. Eo.'iBOEV, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Ue. : 45 m. N. W. by W. Augusta. Surface elevated and well timbered, with some good soil. Watered by Swia brook, a branch of Andros- coggin r., flowing S. through its centre. Incorporated in 1S88. Pop. 246. . „„.„ EoxBDEV, t. and p. v., Litchfield Co., Conn. : 86 m. W.S.W. Hartford. Surface of t. diversifled ; soil chiefly gravelly loam. Watered by Shepang r., a branch of the Ilousatonic, flowing through its W. part. The t was aken from Wood- bury, and incorporated in ISOl. The v. in tlie centre of the t contains 2 churches, a few stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 971; in 1»0, 1,114. EoxBuiiT, t., p. city, and sta., Norfolk co., J/«.»«.; 2 m. 8. by W. Boston, with which it is closely connected by a narrow neck of land—" Boston Neck"— over which there are 4 broad and pleasant avenues. The natural surface of the city was very uneven and rocky, which gave to it its name,'from the abundance of rocks; and tliiragh much changed by building improvements, is still much diversifled. The soil is generally fertile and highly cultivated. The dwellings are noted for their elegance, and are generally surrounded by ornamental gardens. Tho entire appearance of the ciiy is most delightful, and it is one of the most plea- sant suburlisof Boston, with which its business and wealtll are most inUmately connected, and can hardly be con- sidered as separate from the metropolis. It has, however, considerable trade of its own, and its manufactures are various-and extinsive. These consist of carpeting, cordage (the New England Company has a capital of 3;T5,000, em- ploying 130 men). India-rubber goods, railroad iron, iron castings, flre-engines, steam-engines, and boilers ; sheet lead, white lead, chemical preparations, turpentine, etc. ; worsted and silk fringes and lining : patent leather, liats, shoes, cabinet-ware, etc. Steam-power is employed by about 30 establishments. There is 1 bank, capital »I50,000 ; one in- stitution for savings, 2 insurance companies, and churches, several of which are located on elevated positions, and make a beautiful appearance. The Boston and Providence U. E. passes through the city, and is much used by the citizens in passing to and from Boston. Several lines of omnibuses afford constant communication with the city. The "Nor- folk County Journal" (whig), and " Eoxbury Advertiser" (neut), are issued weekly. Eoxbury was incorporated as a town Sept 2S, 1630 (m the same year with- Boston); and as a city, March 12, 1S40. The territory of the city is 7} m. long, 2J m. broad, and comprises an area of 10.CS6 acres. It is governed by a Mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common Council, elected annually. Excellent provisions arc made for public schools, etc. The following table exhibits the valuation of estates in Eoxbury, from 1S37 to 1S4S inclusive : Vain.ition. ( Year. ...16,941,600 I 1S45 ... 7,341,600 I 1S46 ... 7,710,000 1847 . . . S,573,600 I 1S48 ROY supplied with water, until the opening of the Cochituate Aqueduct, in 184?. The Forest Hills Cemetery is situated a. short distance from the city, on the Dedham turnpike. This beautiful city of the dead has an area of about 70 acres. The grounds are picturesquely diversifled, and ahouudmg with trees, shrubbery, and flowers. Uere are monuments of General Joseph Warren, who fell at the battle of Bunker Hill, .June 17. 1776 ; and of Kev. John Eliot, the " Apostle of liie Indians." who was pastor of llie ftrst church in Eox- bury for 5S years— from 1632 until his death, in 1600. Tho entrance is an ornamental structure, in the Egyptian style. On one of the highlands in the city still remains, in a very perfect state of preservation, the breastwork and inlrench- ments of a large military forlre.w eonstructe.l at that period. The population of Eoxbury at different periods is as follows : Year. Pop. 1765 ... ....1.487 1790 ... ....2,226 ISOO . . . ....2,765 Year. Pop. ISIO 3,669 IS20 4.136 11830 8,247 Year. Pop. 1S40 9,ns9 1850 18.373 Year. Valuation. Year. 1887.. ..$5,875,000 1841. 1888,. .. 6,979,900 1842. 1839.. .. 6,4:58,600 1848. 1840.. .. 6,721,000 1844. Valuation. $9,509,800 12,531,100 12,628,300 13,192,600 In the W. part of the t is an extensive level, on which is situated the beautiful p. v. of Jamaica Plams, near Jamaica Pond, from which Boston was, to a considerable extent, 788 EoxnuET, t and p. o., Cheshire co., K Hump. : 89 m. N. W. by W. Concord. Surface rough and uneven, but has excellent grazing land. Drained by N. branch of Ashuelot r.. which forms Its W. boundary, and in its S. part by Eoar- ing brook. On its E. side is Eoaring Brook pond, at the outlet of which are mills. Incorporated in 1812. Pop. in 1S40, 286 ; in 1S50, 260. EoxntTEV, t. and p. o., Delaware Co., iV. Y. : 4S m. 3. W. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, the Cattskill Mountains passing through its E. portion ; soil s.aniiy loam, very productive in the valleys. Drained S. by the Papacton branch of Delaware r. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged In agricultural pursuits. Pop. in 1840, 3,013 ; in 1850, 2,863. EoxBUEY. p. v.,Franklin co., Pe:in.: on N.side of Cone- dogwinnet cr., and E, side of Blue M.Hintain, 42 m. W. by S. Harrisburg, It contains a charcoal forge, constructed 1790, which. In 1S49, made 90 tons of bars, employing 10 men. Eo-xBHEY, t., p. v., and sta., Wosliington eo„ Venn. : 15 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil fJrtile. Drained by head branches of Dog and W bite rivera, the former aflVirds water-power. Iron ore is found in Uie S. E. parU First settled in 1789. The Vermont Central E. E. passes through the t., CO m. ft-om Windsor, and 97 m. from Rouse's Point. Pop. of I. 967. Roxo, p. o., Marquette county. Wise. : 52 m. N. N. E. Madison. EoxoBEt, p. o., Bertie county, If. Cur. : 97 m. E. by N K'''<''S''- , ., „. UovAL Cestke, p. o., Cass county, Jnd.: 65 m. N, Indianapolis. EovAL OAti, p. o., Talbot county, Md. : 24 m. E. S. E. Annapolis. EoYAL Oak, t, p. v., and sta., Oakland co,, ITidi. : 78 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained in N. part by Ecd r., and in S. part by Bloody Eun. The Detroit and Ptmtiac E. E. passes through the v., 12 from Detroit, and 13 m. from Pontiac. It conlabis a steam saw-mill, a few stores, and has some man- utaclures. Pop. of L in 1840, 860 ; in 1S60, 1,092. RovAL Oaks. p. o., Cumbcrlaiul CO., I7cy. ; 73 m. W. by 8. Richmond. EoYAiOToN, t., p. v.. and sta., Worcester co., j)/,\ m. S. MonipL-lier. Surface brokt'ii and mount;iinou3: soil fer- tile. partii'ularly along White r., by which and its branches it is watered. The agricultural products are of considerable amount. Tlie v. is pleasantly situated on the bank of White r., and contains a handsome churcli, aciniemy, stores, etc. It was first settled in 1771. and suffered inueh from Indian hostilities. The Vermont Central li. U. passes through it, 123 m. froui Rouse's Point, 43 m. from Monlpelier, and 34 m. from Windsor. Pop. of t. in 1S40. 1.917; in lS5i', ],*50. KoYEit's Ford. p. o. and sta., Montgomery co., Pe/in, : SI m. E. IlarrisbuTg. on the N. bank of Schuylkill r., and on Philadelphia and r^eading li. U., 32 m. from Phila- delphia. EorroN, p. o., Delaware county, ImL : 49 miles N, E. Indianapolis. EuARK. p. o., LansTcnce co., Til: on a small branch of Wabash r., 124 m. S. E. Springfield. liucKEHSviLLK, p. V., Elbert CO.. Ga. : nn N. side of Van's cr., SO m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Contains a Baptist church, academy, several stores and dwellings. ErcKF.nsviLLE, p. o., Tippah co., J/w.t. ; 176 m. N. N. E. Jackson. KfCKERSviLLE, p. V., Greene co., Vii-g. : 63 m. N. W. Richmond. EucKEP.viLLE, p. c, Clark eounly, Ky. : 45 ra. E. by S. Frankfort. ErcKMAXVTLLE, p. o., Highland county, Virg. : 127 m. W. N. W. Kiebmond. RtTDDLE's Mills, p. o., Bourbon co., K//. : 37 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Eude's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1S5 ni. N. W. Richmond. EuGOLES, t and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio : 77 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by head branches of Verniillion river. Pop. 1,US5. Ki-MA, p. v., Randolph county, III. : 114 miles S. by W. Springfield. EuMFORD, t. and p. o., Oxford co,, J/i-, .• on N. W. side of Androscoggin r., 43 m. W. N. W. Augusta. The surface is somewhat tliversified. White Cap Mountain rise 6uO feet and Glass-face about 400 feet above the level of the sur- rounding country, and present beautiful views from their summits. The soil is fertile, adapted to crain. Drained by the Androscoggin and its branches, Ellis and ?wiU I^moks, ■which together furnish a great water-power. Incorporated in ISOO. Pup. in 1S40, 1,444; in 1S50, 1.375. RtTMFonn Centre, p. o., Oxford co., 3fe. : 45 m. W. N.W. Augusta. EuMFOitD Point, p, o., Oxford co., Me: 46 m. W. N. W. Augusta. EuMMERFiELD Creek, p. o., Bradfopi CO., Penn. : 116 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. EuMxEY, t., p. o., and sta., Oration co., N. Ilnmp. : 45 m. N. N. W. Concord. Surface is uneven, and abounds with beautiful scenery; soil moderately fertile. Drained hy Baker's r. and its branches. First settled in 1765. It con- tains gevefal taimorics, saw-mills, and spires. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. E. passes its 8. part, 59 m. from Concord. Pop. in 1830.993: in lft40, I,ll(i; in 1^50, 1,109. El-mney, p. v„ Mecklenburg co., Ki/. : 141 m. W. S. W. Frankfort, EcNDEi.L's, p. a, Crawford co., Pain. : ISfi \w. N. W. Harrisburg. EtTi-Eax. t.. p. V,, and sta., Benninirton co.. Htw. .■ 79 m. 8. W. MuTilpelier. Surliiee niount:unou3; s'.il gnod for grazinu'. Watered by Pa\\let r. and While cr. of Batten- kill, which alTord water-power, improved by mills of various kinds. Some fine cattle are rai.'ied and large nuniliers of sheep. First settled in 17G7. The Eulland and Washing- ton U. E. ])asses throuirh the t., 3Ci in. from Eutlaod, 49 m. from Troy. Poj). of t. in IS40. l,nHf; ; in IS.'iO, l.liil. EuRAL. p. o., ClernKiut co., Ohii) : 86 m. S. W. Columbus. Eur.AL, p. o., Jasper eo.. Mo. : 92 m. S.W. JelTerson City. EoRAL Hill, p. o., Wilson CO., Tenn.: 15 m. E. Nashville. Eur.AL IIiLL, p. 0., Jelfersou co,, A'! Y. : 142 miles N. W. Albany. litrKAL Retreat, p. o., Wyihe co., Virg. : 208 m. W. by 9. Eichmond. EirRAL Vale, p. o., Lapeer co,, Mtvh. : 8S m. E, N. B. Lansing. • El'ual Valley, p. o., Arraslrong county, Penn. : 132 nu W. N. W. Harrisburg. Ersn county, /nd. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 442 sq. ra. Drained- by Big and Litlle Blue rivers, and Big and Little Flat Eock creeks, by which fine water-power is gained. Surface undulating or rolling, with occasional riitges of low hills; soil a rich vegetable mold, an. about 1,200. Ersii, 1. anil p, o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 86 m. E. N. E. C-filunii>us. W^itereil by branches of Tuscarawas river, and cnniaius several grist, saw, and flouring mills. Pop. in 1S40, 1,203; in 1850, 1,332. Eusn, t and p. c, Shiawassee Co., Midi.: on W. side of Shiawassee r., 25 ra. N. E. Lansing. Pop. about 100. Ersn. p. c, Jo Daviess co., HI. : 175 ra. N. by W. SprinL'field. Ei;sii BtirroM, p. o., Holt county, J/o. ; 194 miles N. W. Jefferson Cily. Ei'sn Creek, p. c, Union county, Ohio: 41 miles N. W. Cohmibus. Ei'snFOED, t. and p. v., Allegany county, iV 1* ; 230 m. W. l)y S. Albany, Surface undulaling; soil clay loam and gravelly mold, well adapted to gra.s3. Drained E, by Cold cr. of Genesee r. The v. is a thriving business place, con- taining 2 eburches, 3 t.averus, several mills and stores, and abi>ut suO inhabitants. Population of I. in 1840, 1,512; in 1850. l.!-06. Eisu Lake, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 65 m. N. N. E MadisoiL « 739 RUS RUT lirsn Tower, p. o., Jefferson co.. Mo. : on "W. bank of Mississippi r., 107 ni. E. by S. Jefferson City. EcsHTOWN, p. 0.. Northumberland county, Penn. : 45 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. KrsHviLLK, t., p. v., and cap. Schuyler co.. Hi. : 52 m. W. N. W. Spring-field. Is a handsome and fiourJshinsr v. pleasantly located at the 9. end of a beautiful fertile prairie, skirted by fine timber at the head of a small stream. It contains a brick court-house 2 stories high, a jail, and 4 churches. The " Prairie Telegraph" (neut.) ia issued ■weekly. Pop. about 1,000. ErSHViLi-E, p. v., sta., and cap. Eush co., IrifJ.: on N. bank of Big Flat Eock or., 3S m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It was first settled in 1S21, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 churches, several mills and stores. Two newspapers are published weekly, *' Eepublican'' (whig), and " Jacksonian" (dem.) The Eushville and Shelbyville E. E. extends hence to Shelbyville 20 m., and is part of an extensive line of rail- road now constructing across the State. Pop. in 1S50, 2,10S. EusnviLLE, p. v.. Yates co., y. }'; 177 m. W. Albany. Is a thriving v., containing 2 churches, academy, 2 taverns, 2 furnaces, mills, stort-s, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. EueirvTLLK, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on TrV. side of Eush or., 33 m. E. S. E. Culumbus. It contains 60 dwellings, and 800 inhabitants, and several mills in the vicinity. EcsirrrLLE. p. v., Susquehanna county, Fenn,: 106 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. EusHTLVANiA, p. o., Logau county, Ohio : 49 miles N. "W. Columbus. EusK county, Tecc. Situate TV. toward the N., and con- tains 1,134 sq. m. Drained by branches of Angelina and Atloyac rivers. Surface undulating ; soil very fertile, and adapted to the growth of cotton, corn, fniits, etc. Pine lim- ber is abundant Farms 567 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 1.045, and pop.— wh. 6,012, fr. col. 0, si. 2,13&— total S,14S. Capital : Henderson. EirsK, p. o., Haywood county, Ttmru: 141 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. EusK. p. v., and cap. Cherokee county, Tko. ; 190 miles N. E. by E. Austin City. Fop. 332. EusK, p. o., Surry county, N. Car.: 120 m. W. N. "W. Ealeigh. Russell county, Ala. Situate toward the S., and con- tains S5S sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee r., ■which forms its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; s-_^il fer- tile, ^d is well adapted to cotton, a large quantity of which isi)rotluced in the county. The land is rich and productive, and flue crops of wheat and com are raised. It has some good timber land. Farms 1,049; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,411, and pop.— wh. 8,405, fr. col. 32, si. 11,111— total 19,54S. Capital: Crawford. PuUic Works: Girard and Mobile R. E. ; Montgomery and West Point E. E. EusSELL county, Ky. Situate S. toward the E., and con- tains 316 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland river and its branches. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to grain ; a portion of the land is devoted to pasturage. Chief productions, rice, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 665 ; manuf. 13; dwell. 840, and pop.— wh. 4,901. fr. col. IS. al, 4;J.>— total 5.349. Capitad from Lagrange to Washington, and Eocky creek of Colorado r. 6" m. E. S. E. Austin City. EuTiTERFORD couftv, IT. Car. Situate toward the S. W., and contains 859 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Broad r. Surface varied, some portions being rather hilly, but most generally level; soil in some places very fertile, whilf in others it is poor and unfit for cultivation. It is generally well adapted to grazing. Chief productions, cot- ton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 959 ; manuf RUT SAB 28; dwell. 1,S33, aad pop.— wh. 10,42.5, fr. col. 220. si. 2,9n5 —total 13,650. Capital: Rutherford ton. KuTHERFOKD couHty, Teun. Situate centrally, and con- tains 4S\ sq. m. Stone r. passes through the N. E. portion, by which and its branches and small affluents of Cumber- land r. it is drained. Surface hilly; soil very fertile, and produces abundantly cotton, tobacco, wheat, grain, trnits. etc. Agriculture is the leading pursuit with a large num- ber of the population. A portion of the land is well tim- bered, and some minerals are to be found. Farms l,.")!!? ; manuf. 41 ; dwell. 2.S95, and pop.— wh. 16.914, fr. ool. m\ ' si. 11.97S— total 29,122. O'ptUU: Mnrfrcesboro*. Public Works: Nashville and Chaltanonga E. R. RuTHERFOEDTON, p. V., and cap. Rutherford co., JV: Car. ; 193 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Situated on a branch of Broad river, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, hotels, and flouring-mills. The "Mountain Banner" (State rights) is pubUshed weekly. Pop. 39S, EuTnEn Glenn, p, o., Caroline county, Virff. : 33 m. N. Bichniond. Rutland county, Veitn, Situate E. toward the S.. and contains 94S sq. m. Drained by Otter cr., and Black. While, Pawli't.and Queechee rivers. Surface elevated, and in parts mountainous; but on Otter cr. are some portions of ft-rtiie land ; soil various — in most parts well suited for p.^sture, Iron ore of a good quality is found here, and some quarries of excellent marble, much of which is exported. Chief products, wheat and Indian com. This county has good water privileges. Farms 2,66S; manuf. 275; dwell. 5.601, and pop.— wh. 32,939, fr. col. 120— total 33,059. Capital: Rutland. Public Works: Rutland and Burlington R. R. ; Western Vermont R. R. ; Rutland and Washington R. R. Rutland, I. and p. v., Worcester co., Jfa^s. : 47 m. W. BostoiL Situated on the height of land between the sea and Connecticut r. Surface uneven and hilly; soil best adapted to grazing ; watered by a branch of Ware river, which affords power for several mills. This t.. furinerly 12 miK!S square, was bought of the Indians for £23 in 16S6, and incorporated in 1714. The v., in the central part of the t., contains a town-house, academy, handsome Congregational church, several neat dwellings, and has some manufac- tures. Pop. 1,223. Rutland, t. and p. o., Jefferson co.. ^V. Y. : 140 m. N. W. Albany. Surface undulating ; soil fertile loam, underlaid by limestone. Drained S. W. by Sandy cr. and by Black r., which forms its N. boundary. In this t. and vicinity are found remains of Indian fortifications. It has seme manu- factures, several tanneries, saw, grist, and fulling mills. Pop. in 1S41J, 2,090 ; in 1S50, 2.265. Rutland, L and p. v., Meigs county, Ohio : on N. side of Leading creek, a tributary of the Ohio. 77 m. S. E. by S. Columbus, containing several tanneries, grist, and saw mills, and has some manufactures. Pop. of i. in 1S40, 1,410 ; in 1S50, 1,745. Rutland, t. and p. o., Tioga county, P^ttn. : 104 ra. N. Hamsburg. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam ; contains a few mills. Pop. about 750. Rutland, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Rutland co.. Verm. : on Otter rr. .50 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Surface of t. uneven ; soil various, frnm a strong loam to a light sand, but gen- erally fertile. Drained by Otter cr. and its branches, which afford water-power, and by a branch of Caslleton r. Iron ore of gm>d quality is f'>und ; also, lime, and a great abund- ance of wdiitc and beautifully variegated marble, of which several quarries are extensively worked. The t was char- tered in 1T61, anil settled about 1770. During the Revolu- tionary War it was a frontier town, through which was the only military road frr)m Charlest'iwn, N. Hamp., to Ticon- deroga and Crown Point, on Lake Champluin. The t. is divided into two parishes. East and West; the former con- tains Itutland village, the most important place: in the lattt'r are two small villages. West Rutland, and Hookkin's Falls. Rutland village has an elevated situation, is i ell | built, containing many handsome dwellings, and WiL«! incor- porated in 1S47. Three iniporiant r.-iilroads pass through it: Rmland and Burlington R.R.,53 m.fn.m B.'llows Falls, and (J7 m. from Buriington ; Rutland and W;ushington II. R. from Troy S5 m. ; and Western Vermont R. R. from Troy, fia N. Bentiinglon. S3 m., the opening of which b:is gi\^n a powerful impelus to the prosperiiy of the village and town. It contains a court-house, jail, 1 bank. cap. $150,000, and 3 churches. Here are located ihe machine-sli«'ps and engine-houses of the Western Vermont R. R.. and .some large manufactories of marl>le, iron, slate, leather, cabinet furniture, etc. The "R. Herald" (whig), an.l "Vermont Union Whig," are issued weekly. The tuwn of Rutland ranks as the second in agricultural and the first in miner.il productions in the Slate. Population of u in 1S40, 2,70S; in 1^50. 8,715. Rutland, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wise: 24 m. S. S. E. Madison. Soil excellent, watered by branch of Catfish cr. of Rock r. Pop. 792. Rutland Centre, sta.. Rutland coimly, rer7n.: 2 m, N. ^tutland, on Rutland and Burliiiirton R. R. RuTLEDGE, p. v., and cap. Grainger co., Teym. : ISl m. E. Nasli\ille. It contains a courl-huuse, jail, and a!)out 100 iuhabitanls. RuTLEDGE, p. v., and cap. M'Donald co., 3fo. : on S. side of Elk r., 1S3 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Rye. t. and p. o., Rockingham co., K //(imp.: ou the Atlantic shore, 41 m. E. S. E. Concord. The surface lias considerable sandy beach and salt meadow, which yields large qnantities of grass. It has a harbor near Goss Mill, admitting, at high water, vessels of 75 or SO tons, and from which the fisheries are carried on. Chartered in 1719. Pop. in 1S40, 1.205; in ISoO, 1,296. Rye. t.. p. v., and sta., Westchester co., K Y. : 114 m. S. Albany. Surface, uneven ane, F^or. : the most southerly point of the main- land of the peninsula, in lat. 24^ 50' N., and long. 51° 15' W. On it is siluated Fort Poinsett. Sable river, 2^. Y. See Au Sabi.e river. Sabula. p. v., Jackson co., Ja, : near the Mississippi r., 74 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. Sao county, la. Situate toward the N. W., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Soldier and Bnycr rivers, tributaries of Missouri r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Set off Binco 1650. Sac river, 3fo. : rises in Lawrence and Greene counties, flows N., and enters Osage r. in St. Clair county. Sacandaga river, Al T. : rises in several small lakes in Hamilton county, and after a winding E. course, enters Iludson r. opposite Luzerne village, Warren county. Saccarapfa, p. v. and sta., Cumberland eo.. Jle.: on the Presumpscot r. and York and Cumberland K. R., 7 m. from Portland, 54 ra. S. by E. Augusta. Great water-power is here afforded, and improved by numerous saw-mills, etc-, and a large brick cotton-raill» containing 104 looms and 2,900 spindles. Sacket'^, p. 0., Macomb county, Mich. : 84 m. E. by S. Lansing. Sackett's Harbor, p. v. and port of entry, Jeflferson co., y. Y.: on Black River bay, at E. end of Lake Ontario, 154 m. N. W. Albany. Lat. 43^ 55' N., long. 75^ 57' "W. This harbor is one of the liest and most secure on the lake, and was an important naval station during the last war with Great Britain. On 2Sth May, 1S13, a sharp contest here took place between the American and British forces, result- ing in the defeat of the British ; and subsequently another, ou 30th May, 1S14, with the same success. During the war the V. increased with great rapidity, and at its close expe- rienced a decline, from which it has now fully recovered. In 1S14 the United States goverimieut here commenced the erection of the Madison Barracks, which consist of three extensive stone barracks, liospital, commissary's store-house, guard-house, and other buildings, affording accommodation for 2.000 troops, ocrujiying a lot of about 40 acres, fronting on the bay. In the military burying grounds attached to the barracks is a monument to the brave General Pike, who fell ou the N. frontier during the last war. The government lias also a ship-yard and ship-houses, in one of which the New Orleans, a 110 gun ship, commenced during the war, remains upon the stocks. The v., incorporated in 1S14, has considerable manufac- tures, and trade by the lake and the river St. Lawrence. A good water-power has been obtained by the construction of a canal from the Black r., a distance of 12 m., executed by the citizens at a cost of $25,000. and affording a fall of 30 feet, improved by various mills, machine shops, etc. There are 3 churches, 1 bank — cap. .|2n0.i*00, 4 hotels, 2 furnaces, etc. The "S. II. Observer" (whig) is issued weekly. A railroad is in construction, to connect at Pierrepont with the Watertown and Rome R. R. On SOIh June, 1S50, the ton- nage of Sackelt's Harbor district was 8,124 tons, alt of which was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade. During the year preceding the number of clearances ft>r foreign ports was 259 — 142,799 tons ; No. of entrances do.. 279— 158,169 tons; of all which tonnage about ton-elevenths was American. Vessels built during the year, none. During the year 1S49 Uie value of the amount of trade of this port with Canada alone w%3 — im- ports. $26,564 ; exports, $26,446— total, $53,010. Saco. t. p. v., and port of entry.York co., 3fe. : on N. side of Saco r., 67 m. S. S. W. .\ugusta. Lat. 43° 31' N., long, 70° 26' W. By Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. R., 13 m. from Portland. 3S miles fn^m Portsmouth ; and thence by Eastern R. R.. 92 m. from Boston. The surface of the t. is somewhat uneven, and abounds with romantic and beauti- ful scenery. It lias fine interval land on the r.. by which it is well drained, and is also watered by several small streams (lowing from an immense bog. called the Heatli, on one of which is a line waterfall of 60 feet, surrounded by wild scenery. From the mouth of the r. a fine beach ex- tends along the shore about 5 miles to the E., called Old Orchard Beach, which is of considerable resort in summer. Another fine beach, of less extent, connects KK-lcher'a Neck with the main land, on which is a tavern. Saco v. is situ- ated about s m. from the moiith of the r., at the falls, where is a descent of 42 feet, presenting a beautiful appearance and affording' great water-power, and which has been ex- tensively improved. Just below Iho falls is a flue basin, SAC SAD where vessels take in their cargoes. The factories consist of 9 large cotlon-mills, 1 woolen-mill, uumertnis saw-nulls, and various mechanical establishments. The York Manu- facturing Co. have a capital of $1,000,000, manufaeturing colored and white colton goods, running 25,000 spiiulies, 850 looms, and annually consume 7,000 bales of co;turg t., anr llie supply of all the northern mines. In April, 1849, there were 4 houses in the place. The original priee of embareadero, or river lots, was $600, they now command as many thousands. Every thing indicates that this place has received an impetus which other localities will find it difficult, if not impos^sible, to retard. Acconling to the census of ISoO, Sacram*;uto City CMtilained 323 stores of various kinds, 65 blackstnith sliops, G steam-mills, 5 soda and syrup manufactories, 2 breweries, SO clothing stores, 8 cabinet shojis. S livery sta- bles, about 150 eating saloons and hotels— some of the latter lif the most costly description; also 90 physicians, 7u law- yers, G churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbjterian, 3 Methoout 3,000 citizens. Out of the whole number Ilu-re are but 1.460 females of all kinds, grades, and complex- ions. The banks of the river in the vicinity furnish one of the best farming regions in the State, though the crops on the low lands are exposed to great ravages fp>ni the period- ical floods. The gold diggings commenci- about 30 ni. E. of tiie city, at the entrance of the hills, wliieh rise rapidly to the eastward till they terminate in the high riiige of the Sierra Nevada. The gold was first discovered on the S. fork of the American r.. 50 m. from Sacramento, and all that neigldiorhood is still much resnrdd to by miners. Steamboats ply daily between this city anil San Francisco, and considerable trade is carried on by sading vessels. The river is mivigable up to the town at all seasons of the year, and the trade is rapidly increasing. Like San Francisco, this city has suffered considerably by flre, which, although causing immense hwses, has tended to beautify it, in Ihe form of neater and more substantial buildlugs. In ls50, the public jiress consisted of the " Transeripl." a A, or Saquoit creek, Oneiila co,. J\''. Y. : rises in Paris t., flr»w3 N. in general course, and empties intCK » Mohawk r., 1 m. from Whitesboro'. This is one of the most important mill streams of its size in the State, affording an immense water-power to numerous factories, flouring-mills, and other manufacturing establishments in the various vil- lages and settlements on its banks. Saudle mountain, Mass. : in Adams town, Berkshire CO., " 3,505 feet high, the highest of Massachusetts' mountains, an50, was 15,166 tons ; consisting of 10,954 tons in registered tonnage, and 4,213 tons in enrolled and licensed tonnage. The registered tonnage was all permanent, of which there was in the whale fishery 2,575 tons. The enrolled and licensed tonnage consisted of 8,776 tons permaninily employed in the coasting trade, and 02 tons in the ceaniiful pond, the outlet of which, Indian stream, affords water-power, and is a branch of Sebasticook river. Incorporated in 1813. It contains two pleasant villages. In the L are several mills anunded by a fertile back country, has con- siderable manutaclures. and a large business from its water ecimmunieations with New York and Canada. It contains many handsome buildings, court-house, jail, on a handsome public square. 30 by 25 rods, an acailemy, 3 churches, and 1 bank, caj^ital $.50,000. The " St. Albans Mt-sst-nger" (wliig) is issued weekly, and the " Northern Advertiser" (advert.) monthly. The part of the v. and L is at St. Alban's bay. Pop. of t. in 1830, 2,395; in 1S40, 2.702; in 1850, 8,567. St. Aliian's Bay, p. o,, Franklin co., Venn.: on Lake Champlain, 46 m. N. W. by N. Montpelier. Here is a good landing-place, with a wharf and several store-houses, also a bank, wiUi capit:d of ,^100,000. SAT SAI Saixt Andbews, p. o., Orange co., iV; Y. ; SI m. S.by W. Albany. Saist Ajtorew's bay and sound. FIoj'. : on S. coast, in "W. part of the State, chiefly in Washington eo. Its main body sets up N. 12 m.. with .in average width of from 2 to 5 m. ; an E. arm extonr some dis- tance below New Orleans includes both banks of the Mis- sissippi. Farms 34; manuf. 0; dwell. 283, and pop.— wh. 1,406, fr. col. 73, si. 2,323— total 3,802. Cajntal: Terre aux Bceufs. Saint Bl.ils cape. Flor. : a narrow beach, bounding St Joseph's bay on the W., 25 m. W. Apalachicola. Saint Catiiakink's island, Gtr. : lies off Newport river, between St. Catharine's sound on the N., and Sapel's sound on the S., is 10 m. long, 5 m. broad, and belongs to Liberty county. Saint Charles county, Jfo. Situate E., and contains 405 sq. m. Drained by branches of Missouri r, which forms tlie S. E. boundary; and of Mississippi r, which flows on the N. E. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and in the level por- tions very productive, and raising large quantities of tobao- CO, which is the chief production. It has fine prairie land, and some excellent timber. Iron ore of go<}d quality la found, and there are some beds of coal. Farms 1,035; manuf. 33 ; dwell. 1,633, and pop.— wh. 9,492, fr. 18. si. 1,949 tot^d 11,454. Capital: St. Charles. Fublic Works :iiLho\iis and Northern K. li. Saint Chap.i.e8 parish. La. Situate S. E., and containB 2S9 sq. m. Drained by Mississippi r, which passes through its N. central portion. Surface generally level ; soil fertile, particularly along the banks of the Mississippi. Chief pro- ducts, sugar, rice, and Indian corn. It is bounded on the N. E. by Lake Pontchartrain, W. by Lake Allemands, and S. by Lake Washa. Farms 70; munuf. 3; dwell. 191, and pop.— wh. 867, fr. col. 121, al. 4,132— total 5,120. Capital: St Chariea. Saint CnARLEfl, p. v. and sta., Kane eo.. III. : on the W. bank of Fox r, and on a branch of Galena and Chicago n. It.. 37 m. W. Chicago, and 160 m. N. E. Springfield. This is a thriving village, with some good mills and other manufactories. The "Kane County Democrat" is issued weekly. . • 745 SAI SAI Saint Charles, p. o., Cutler co., Ohio : 99 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Saint CnAELES, p. o., Johnson co., iV. Car. : 25 m. E. S. E. Kaleigh. Saint Chaeles, p. o., Arkansas county, Ark. : 60 m. 8. E. Little Kock. Saint Charlks, t., p. v., and cap. St. Charles co., 3fo.: on N. bank of Missouri r., S7 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Its site is handsome, and upon the first elevated land on the river above its mouth. The village is about 1 J m.-lonj;, lias 5 streets parallel with the river, and contJiins'w court-house, stone jail, brick market-house, 3 churches, a Cathcilie con- vent, and female academy, several steam-mills, stt^res, etc. St. Charles College is here located, a Methodist institution, founded in 1S37, which in 1S50 had 4 professors, 20 students, 17 alumni, and 900 volumes in library. Uere is a ferry across Missouri r., which is the great crossing-place between ^t. Louis and the N. and W. parts of the State. The '• St. Charles Chronotypc" (neut,) is issued weekly. Pop. of v. about 2,000 ; of t. about 3,300. Saint Clair county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 732 sq. m. Drained by branches of Coosa river, which forms its E. boundary, the principal being Canoe and Shoal creeks. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and pro- duces fine crops of wheat and Indian corn. Cotton is the staple. Farms 573 ; raanuf. ; dwell. 944. and pop.— wh. 5,501, fr. col. 7, si. 1.321— total 6,S29. Orpital: Ashviile. Saint Claib county, ///. Situate toward the S.W., and contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its afflu- ents, and by Prairie du Pont and Cahokia creeks, all tribu- taries of the Mississippi, which flows on its N. \V. border. Surface undulating; in parts it is hdly and broken, and makes good pasture hind ; soil fertile, and produces fine crops of wheat and Indian corn. It is well timbered. Farms 1.961 : manuf 62 ; dwell. 3,727, and pop.— wh. 19,606. fr. col. 575— total 20,1S1. Cupikil: Belleville. Saint CL\vr county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Penin- sula, and contains 948 aq. m. Drained by BeUe, Black, and Pine rivers, and Mill cr., and bounded on the E. by J^t. Clair strait. Surface undulating; soil in general fertile and pro- ductive. The chief crops raised are wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 492; manuf. 6S; dwell. 1,816, and pop.— wh. 10,396, fr. col. 24— total 10,420. Capital : St. Chiir. Saint Clair county. Mo. Situate towari^ the S. W,, and contains 656 sq. m. Drained by Osage river, which passes through it centrally, and by its branches. Sac r. and Clear creek. Surface rolling and diversified ; soil very fertile, and adapted to the growth of tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms S27; manuf. 5; dwell. 531, and pop.— wh. 3,107, fr. col. 1, si. 44S— total 3,556. Caf>ital : Osceola. Saint Clair, t, p. v., and cap. St. Clair co., 3fich. : on St. Clair r., 105 m. E. Lansing. This is a thriving t., with fertile soil, watered by Pine r., on the S. side of which, at its mouth, is the v., on the site of old Fort St. Clair. It contains a court-house, jail, churches, a branch of the State Univer- sity, some steam-mills and stores. The " St. Clair Observer" (dem.) is issued weekly. It has a good harbor, and does considerable business. During the year 1S4S its exports amounted to $71,525; imports, do.. $51.044— total value of exports and imports in 1S4S. $122,569. The lumber buniness Is extensive; its annual product in year ending Jime 1, 1850, amounted in value to $90,000. Pop. of L in 1S40, 413 ; In 1S50, 1,72S. Saint' Clair, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 44 m. N. E. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a fiimace moved by steam, with an annual capacity of 3,500 tons. It is an extensive mining region, and the village contains a number of dwell- ings, and 2,1119 inhabitants, the majority of whom are en- • gaged in mining. Saint Clair, p. 0., Hawkins co., Term. : 218 m, E. by N. Nashville. St. Clair, t. and p. o., Columbiana county. OJiio: 129 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Little Beaver r. and its 746 branches. Surface varied ; in parts l^vel, and in general productive. The Satuiy and Beiiver Canal passes through the E. part of the town. Pop. 1.115. Sai.vt Cl.uk lake, Mich. S>e Lakk St. Clair, p. S61. Saint Clair river or strait, Mich. : collects L;ike llurop with Lake St. Clair. It flows nearly ilirect S., with a broad and deep current, for two-thirds of its course, and tlien di- vides into six channels, by which it enters Lake St. Clair. The N. channel, bounding the main land of tlie Slate, is the only one navigated in ascending and descending the straiL The river is 40 m. long, with ;i5 m. of ship ehaiuu-l, has an avt-rage width of half a mile, depth of 50 fe*;t, currents of 3 m. per hour, and an entire descent of 13 feet. It is an exceed- ingly beautiful stream of very clear water, is easily -navi- gated, and is surrounded by varied and beautiful scenery. It has few ishinds besides those formed by its outlets. It receives several rivers from Michigan, the principal of which are Black, Pine, and Belle rivers, but none from Canadx On its banks are several flourishing vilhiges. Saint Clairsvtlle, p. v., and cap. Belmont co., Ohio: on the National Enad. lOS m. E. by N. Columbus. It con- tains a court-house, jail, and other public edifices, 6 church- es, a market-house, stores, etc. The " Belmont Chronicle" (whig), and the '-Gazette and Citizen" (dem.), are issued weekly. Pop. abnut 1,500. • Saint Claiesville, p. v., Bedford co., Penn. : S4 m. W. Harrisburg. Saint Cj^-ment's Bat, p. o., St Mar>''s co., M'L: at the head of an inlet so called of the Potomac r., 47 m. S. by W. Annapolis. Saint Cloud, p. o.. East Feliciana par.. La, : 27 ra. N. Baton Rouce. Saint Croix county. Wise. Situate W., and contains 792 sq. m. Drained by branches of SL Croix r., which runs on its N. W. border, and by other streams falling into Lake St. Croix in the W. Surface hilly and broken, ana diverai- fled with small lakes ; soil fertile. The greater portion of the county is unsettled, and as yet little has been done toward its cultivation. Farms 4; manuf. 2 ; dwtll. ISl, and pop.— wh. 619, fr. col. 5— total 624. • CrjuUil: WdlowP.ivor. Saint Croix rivtir, J/*'. ; constitutes the S. portion of the boundary between the United States and the British prov- ince of New Brunswick. It is also sometimes called Pas- samaquoddy. Cheputnetecook, and Sch(">die ; but the latter name is now generally given to the W. branch of the St. Croix, flowing from the Schoodic lakes. The St. Croix rises in Grand lake, which is connected with Cheputnete- cook lake. It leaves the latter lake 54J m. fnun its mouth, at an elevation of 852^ feet above tide-water. It has several sets of falls ofconsiderable height, which afford great water- power. At the confluence of Schoodic r, 2lli m. from its mouth, it has an elevation of 166 feet above tidc-waWr. Its total descent, in reaching sea level, is 444 feet. It is navi- gal>le for hirge vessels to Calais, 12 in., where it is crossed by a bridge. Saint Croix lake and river, Wi.^c. : rises in Upper St Croix lake, in La Pointe county, and there receives several large hearl braiii-hes, of which the principal is the Nameka- giin r. It flows S. W. until it receives Kiuebek or Snake is, :ind tlience its general course is southerly until it empties into the Mississippi at Preseot v. About 30 m. aliove its moulh it wiclens intn an expanse called St. Cmix lake, which is H t" 3 "i- wide until near its mouth. The river is navigable for steamboats about 60 m.,and for boats about 200 miles. Saintkielo, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 52 m. E. Columbus. Saint Francis county. Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 469 sq. m. Drained by head branches of SL Francis and Big rivers. Surface hilly, and in the W. mountainous ; soil generally fertile. This is a splendid mineral region, and the county contains the celebrated Iron Mouutain, and Pilot Knob ; these consist of micaceous ox- SAI « IJe nf iron, the whole top being one solid sheet. ThG«ore yifMs 60 per cent, of pig inelal, and the quantity altogellier is esliiiiated at about 60U,Oi)O,O0il of t'His, enough to supply the world for a century. Other minentls art; Rnind. Farms 437; nianuf. 11; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,2i3, fr. col. 51, 8l. 6S0— total 4,964. Cupital : Fannington. Public Works : Iron Mountain E. H. Saint Franxis county, Ark, Situate toward the E., and contains 1,011 sq. ra. Drained by Cache r., and branches of St. Francis r., which runs on its E.. border. Surface in general level ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. There is eome fine timber on the land. Farms 34S ; manuf. — ; dwell. 643, and pop.— wh. 3,7T0, fr. col. 2, si. 707— total 4,479. Capital : Mount Vernon. Saint Francis, p. v., St. Francis co., Ark. : on the W. side of the river so called, 90 ra. E. N. E. Little Kock, Saint Francis river, Mo. and Ark. : rises in St Francis county. Missouri, flows S., and enters Arkansas, where it re- ceives Whitewater river, a large branch which rises in Missouri, and for a long distance flows nearly parallel to it. It enters the Mississippi in Philip's co., and is navigable in high water nearly 200 m. It passes through many lal;es and swamps, but its waters are very clear, and abound with fine fish. Saint Francisville. p. v., Lawrence co., III. : on the right bank of thu "Wabash r., 133 m. S. E. of Springfield. It IS surmunded by a fertile and well timbered country. Saint Francisville, p, v., and cap. West Feliciana par., Za.: on the left hank of the Mississippi river, 36 m. above Eaton Rouge. A great portion of the town is built on the plain, along the rjver, but the greater part is on a beautiful hill, immediately back, communicating with the Mississippi by the bayou Sara, and contains many fine buildings. It is a considerable place of trade, and has a number of extensive warehouses. The descending l)oats make this a Blopping-p!ace, and here also is the depot of a railroad run- ning to Woodville (Mississippi), by which large quantities of cotton are brought from the plantations in the interior. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 1,000 Inhabitants. Saint Francisvtlle, p. v., Clark county. Mo. : on the W. side of Des Moines r., 132 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Saint Genevieve county, Mo. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Au Vase and Establish- ment rivers, affluents of Mississippi river, which forms its N. E. boundary. Surface undulating; in some parts it is hilly and broken; soil generally fertile, the river bottoms being excellent land and very productive, while the uplands are more fit for pasture. It contains minerals, among which are iron aud lead ores. Farms 425; manuf. 16; dwell. SU, and pop.— wh. 4,636, fr. col. 61, si. 616— total 5,313. Capi- ta/ : St. Genevieve. Saint Genevceve, p. v., and cap. St. Genevieve co.. Mo. ; on the right bank of the Mississippi r., opposite the island 60 called, 62i m. bejow St. Louis, 117 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. It is pleasantly located on a healthy spot, and is a considerable place of business, particularly in the article of lead, considerable quantities of which, as well as u-on and copper, exist in the neighl)orhood. The v. is built on Ga- bourie cr., a small stream, which ia sometimes boatable. It contains a court-house, jail, academy. Catholic church, con- vent, and female ai-ademy. The " St. Genevieve Democrat" and the " Pioneer" (dem.) are both weekly issues. The in- habitants are chiefly of French origin. Below here is a prairie of great fertility. 6,000 acres in extent, fenced and well cultivated. Pop. 7 IS. Saint Geor(;e, t. and p. o., Chittenden co., Venn.: S m. S. E. Burjington, 2S m. W. N. W. Monlpelier. Pup. 147. Saent George, t. and p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : 33 m. S. E. Augusta, on a peninsula formed by the Atlantic Ocean on the E. and S., and Muscongus bay on the W. Incorporated In 1S03. It has excellent facilities for navigation, and em- ploys considerable shipping in the lumber and coasting SAT trade, and in the fisheries. Ship-building ia carried on : in 1^9 4 vessels — 657 tooflj were built. Pop. in 1S40, 2,094 ; ia 1350, 2,217. Saint George river, Me. : rises in several ponds in Waldo county, and fliiws S. 40 ra. into Muscongus bay. The tide extends to Warren, 16 m. from the sea, to which place it is navigable. * Saint George's, bund, and p. v., New Castle co., Del.: 23 m. N. by W. Dover. Its chief trade is lumber. It has also several grist and saw mills. Area, 42,630 acres. I'op. about 3,500. * Saint George's, p. o. aud sta., Colleton district, S. Oar,: on the W. side of a branch of Edisto r., and on the South Carolina R. U., 13 m. N. W. Charleston, and C3 m. N. by W. Columbia. Saint Helen, p. v., Cifdar co.. Mo. : ou the right bank of Sac r., 105 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Saint Helen, p. o., Washington county, Ore^/. Tor. : on W. bank of Columbia r., 61 m. N. by E. Salem. Saint Helena parish, La. Situate N. in the E. part of the State, and c»>ntaiu3 520 sq. m. Drained by Tickfau r. and its branches in the central portion, and tributaries of Amitie r. in the W. Surface uneven and broken; soil in general barren, and much of the co. is covered with pine timber ; aloug the banks of the streams there are, however, some fertile porlioiis, producing rice, cotton, and Indian corn. Farms 273; manuf. 9; dwell. 890, and pop.— wh. 2,354, fr. col. 11, si. 2,196— total 4,561. Capital: Greens- burg. ff AisT Helena, p. v., St. Helena par.. La. : on the W. side uf Tiekfau r., 35 m. E. N. E. Baton Rouge. Saint Helena island, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : lies between St. Helena sound on the N. E. and Broad r. on the S. W. Saint Helena sound, S. Car. : lies between Colleton and Beaufort districts, receives Combahee, Coosa, Ashepoo, and oUier rivers, and contains several islands. Saint Henry's, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Saint Illa, p. o., Ware county, Ga. : on St. Ilia, or San- tilla r., 132 m. S. S. E. MilledgeviUe. Saint Inigoes, p. v. aud portof entry, St. Marj'sco., J/cf.; near a creek so called, an arm of SL Mary's river, 56 m. S. Aimapolis. This is the port of entry of St. Mary's district, of which the total tonnage on 30th June, 1850, was 2,185 tjns, enrolled and licensed, all of which was employed in the coasting trade. During the preceding year the district had neither foreign commerce nor ship-building. Saint Jacob, p. o., Madison county, III. : 71 m. S. by W. Springfield. Saint James parish. La. Situate centrally in the E. dis- trict, and contains 329 sq. m. Drained by Mississippi river, which flows through its S. portion. Surface even ; soil fer- tde. Chief products, cotton aud sug;ir. It contains Jeffer- son Colleiie. Farms 145; manuf. 6; dwell. 591, and pop, — wh. 3,2S5, fr. col. 62, si. 7,751— total 11,09S. CapikU: Bringiers. Saint Joifn, p. v.. Lake co., Jnd. : on Thorn cr.. 132 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It, is situated in the centre of a Ger- man Catholic settlement, 6 m. N. W. of Crown Point, where they have erected a chapel. Saint John, p. o., Dodge county. Mo. : 138 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. Saint .Ioiin, p. v., Hertford cx>., iV. Car. .- on a branch of Pottocasy cr., 96 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. Saint John Baptist parish, La. Situate centrally in the E. district, and contains 23S sq. m. Drained by Mississippi river, which passes through its S. W. portion. Surface diversified ; soil generally unfit for cultivation, that portion lying along the streams only being fertile; this, with culti- vation, jiroves productive, and yields large quantities of rice, sugar, and cotton, which form the leading articles nf com- merce. It is bounded on the N. E. by Lake Pon to hart rain. Farms 1G2 I manuf. 14 ; dwell. 530, and pop.— wh. 'J,5S6, fr. 747 SAI SAI col. 191, si. 4^540— total 7.;iU. CupiUil : Bonnet Carr^. Public WorkK: New Orleans, Opelttusas, and Texas E. R. Saint John's county, Flor. Situate N. E., and conlains S69 sq. m. Drained by SL John's r. and its branches, and North r. Surface generally level ; aoil very fertile in many parts, and iu oihers being too low for cultivation. Chief productions, cotton, sugar. Indian com, oranges, citrons, lemons, and vege^bles of different kinds. On the St. John's river large quantities of live-oak are found. Farms 34; manuf. 7; dwell. 321, and pop.— wh. 1,417, fr. col. 115, si. 99:5— total 2,5». Capital: St. Augustine. Saint -Joun's, p. o., Auglaize county, Ohio: 75 m. N. "W". Columbus. Saint John's, U. 8. collection district, Flor. : embracing St. John's r. and vicinity, bad, on Sftlh June. 1S50, a tonnage of 310 tons enrolled and licensed, permanent, andetnployed in the coasting trade, of which 80 tons were propelled by eteam, with no foreign commerce or ship-building. Saint John's river, Flor. : this large river rises in an Immense marsh in Orange co. Its general course is N. and parallel with the coast until, in Duval co., it turns suddenly to the E. and empties into the Atlantic. Its entire length is about 250 m. Its width varies greatly, from 4 m. to 3, and even 5 m. In the first part of its course, 150 m. from its mouth, it flows through Lake George, 30 m. long and 6 m. wide ; and on leaving that lake receives a very large stream, its main tributary, the Ocklawaha r. At its mouth it is 1 m. ■wide, and has 12 feet of water on the bar. A light-house is there erected. Vessels drawing S feet water can navigate it as far as Lake George and Dunn's lake, as also those lakes. Saint John's river, Me. : rises by several branches in the N. part of Somerset co., one of which (the N. "W.) extends into Canada. It flows N. and E. until it reaches the N. boundary of the State, and thence constitutes the boundary line until it reaches tho E. boundary line, in about lat. 47° N., when it passes into the province of New Brunswick, and flows with broad stream, in irregular course, S. and E. into the Bay of Fundy. Its entire length is about 350 m. The tide flows up about 80 m., through which distance it is navigable for sloops of 50 tons. It is navigable for boats, with the exception of two short portages, nearly to its source. By the late treaty with Great Britain its navigation is free to both nations. Saint Johnsbuet, t., p. v., and ata., Caledonia co., Verm. : 82 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. 'Watt'red by Passumpsic r. and its tributaries, which afford great water-power. Chartered in 17S6; first settled in 17SS^ There are in the t 3 handsome villages. On Sleeper's r. of the Passumpsic is the noted Fairbanks' scale manufactory. Here commences the Connecticut and Passumpsic Kivers Eailroad, extending to "White River Junction, 61 m. One newspaper, the *' Caledonian'' (dem.), is issued weekly, and the v. contains a bank— capital $100,000. Pop. of L in 1S80, 1,592 ; in 1S40, 1.SS7 ; in 1S50, 2,75S. Saint JonNSBURY Centre, p. c, Caledonia co., Verm. : on Passumpsic r., 33 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Contains a Con- gregational church, academy, etc. Saint Joiinbbury East, p. o., Caledonia county, Verm. : 84 m. E. N. E. MontpeUi-r. Saint Jounsville, I., p. v., and sta., Montgomery county, J^. Y. : 55 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by East Canada and Zimmerman creeks, tributaries of the Mohawk r., which bounds it on the S. Surface varied, in parts hilly ; soil fer- tile, and much grain is raised. Organized in 1S37, and has limited manufactories, several mills, etc., a forge and fur- nace. The V. is on the N. bank of the Mohawk r., and on the Schenectady and Utica K. R., 47 ra. from Schenectady. The Erie Canal passes along the opposite side of the r. An extensive stone quarry is located near the village. Popula- tion of 1 1,627. Saint Joseph, p. v., and cap. Calhoun co., Flor. : on the bay 60 called, 76 m. S. W. Tallahassee. It contains a courts bouse, jail, etc 743 ^AiNT Joseph, t. and p. v., Berrien co., 3fir?i. : on Lake Michigan, 100 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Su Joseph and Pawpaw rivers, which unite in the I. Surface various, and heavy timber, consisting of oak, whitewo^il, limlen, beach, elm, et\ : New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas R. R. Saint Lawrence county, K V. Situate N. toward the E., and contains 2,717 sq. m. Drained by Grass, Racket, St. Regis, Oswogalchie, and Indian rivers, affluents of the 6t Lawrence rtver, which for a considerable distance makes Its N. "W. boundary. These supply navigation and good water-power. Surface much diversified, but in general level ; soil fertile, in the S. E. it is adapte'. Farms 6,124; manuf, 466; dwell. 11,7(14. and pop.— wh. 6$,5TS, fr. col. 36— total GS,614. Capital: Canton. Ptibiic Woi'k-s: Northern (Ogdensburg) R. R. ; Watcrtown and Korthern Junction K. R. ; Utica and French Creek E. R. ; Amsterdam and Potsdam R. E. Saint Lawkence, p. t., Chatham co., JV. Car.: on N. aide of Rock r., 45 m. "W. Raleigh. Saint Lawrence, p. o., Jefferson county, JVI T. : 145 m. U. "U\ Albany. Saint Lawrence river, United States and Canada : this very large ami important river is the outlet of Lake Ontario, and of the other great lakes, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and is the main artery to the heart of the Amer- ican continent, ks length from Lake Ontario to the W. end of the island of Anticosti is about 6Cti miles, and to the Gulf of St. Lawrence about 750 miles. The continued navigation afforded by its connection with the lakes is over 2,000 miles. It forms the boumlary between the United States and Canada until it arrives 1 m. N. of the 45th -degree of N. lat. Its breadth varies, hut has on the whole an increase in its descent, especially below Quebec, until at the W. end of An- ticosti island it is about 100 miles wide. It is navigable to Quebec (420 m. from the Gulf of St. Lawrence) for ships of the line, and for ships of 600 tons to Montreal. Fn.m Quebec to Montreal it has an average breadth of 2 m. The distance from Montreal to Lake Ontario is about 200 miles. This river is the natural course for direct commerce from the N. portion of North America with Europe. It runs almost upon a line of the great circle of the globe, upon which ia placed the largest population of the world, that of Europe and Asia, and the great food-producing region of America; and hence upon this line is the shortest possible distance between the great centres of Asiatic, European, and the future American population. The approximative sailing distances from the principal rivals in the western trade of North America to Liverpool are: _ --,... Miles From Quebec, by the Straits of Bellisle and North of Ireland 8,000 " " by St. Paul's g,3O0 " NewTork 3^475 " New Orleans S^i^oo The population of the St. Lawrence valley in 1S50, includ- ing Canada, was at least 4,000.000. The natural amount of commerce on this river is now greatly lessened by the re- Blrictioua imposed by Great Britain. Saikt Leger, p. o., Ozark co., Mo. : 123 m. S. Jefferson City. Saint Leonard's, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : between tho creek so called and Chesapeake bay, 84 ra. S. Annapolis. Saint LoL^8 county, Jfo. Situate E., and contains 5S5 sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and other tributaries of the Mississippi, which forms its E. bountlary, and by branches of Missouri r., which runs on its W. border. Surface undu- lating; soil fertile, and consists of a fine deep mold, with sumV and clay intermixed. Farms 1,294; manuf. 1,409; dwell. 13,430, and i)Op.— wh. 07,577, fr. col. 1,434, si. WM —t(.tal 104,978. 0(;)/^//; St. Louis. Pi/ldic ]VorA-s : Vac'ifiG R. R. ; St. Louis and Northern R. R. ; Inm Mountain E. R. Saint Louis, p. city, port of entrj', anil cap. St. Louis co., Mo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., on the first bluff, 20 m. S. of the confluence of the Missouri r., and in lat. 3SO 37' 25" N., anrl long. 90© 15' 16" W. The distances by river course from New Orleans are 1,210 m, ; from the falls of St- Anthony, S63 m.; from St. Paul, 822 m-; from Galena, 395 m. ; from Alton, 22 m.; from Pittsburg, 1,1S'J m. ; from Cincin- nati, 705 m.; from Louisville and Jeffersonville, 564 m. ; from moiith of Ohio r., 170 m. ; from Council Bluffs, 6S7 m. ; from Fort Leavenworth, 413 m.; from Independence, 371 m. ; and from Jefferson City, 15T m. It is the great commercial dep6t of the Upper Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Missimri, and their numerous tributaries, furnishing connected water- ways of upward of S,000 m., and passing through countries rich beyond descrip[iytcrian," are issued weekly ; and the " Valley Farmer," the •■* St, L. Probe," the " Insurance Rcporl^^-r," the " Western Journal," the " Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet," are issued monthly. As a general thing, the press of St, Louts ia con- ducted with a high standard of tiilent, and occupies a first rank in the great department of journalism. Many of its issues have a wide circulation. The growth of St. Louis, within the past 20 years, has been wonderfully rapid, and each great interest has kept pace with the whole. It is not alone in commerce that St. Louis is a great city, but in manufactures, the arts, and all other departments of industrial economy. Improvement has gone hand in hand with her general prosperity, and the old shanty of the settler has given place to the substantial dwell- ing of the resident. In every thing the change has been great, and a city of grand proportions, with all the elements of future success, has gained a footing where so lately a scattered village, depending on Indian trade and the trap- per for support, alone existed. The census of ISSO gave St. Louis a population of 77,S60, of which 73,S42 were white— 42,3*4 males, and 31,458 fe- males; 1,362 were free colored persons— 725 males, and 637 females, and 2,656 were slaves. These numbers constituted 13.161 families, and occupied 9.662 separate dwellings. The population, in 1S30, was 4,377; in 1&40, 16.469— increase 230.0 per cenL ; and in 1850. 77.680— increase 172. 7 per cent.* The population of the city includes 23,774 Germans, 1I,25T Lrisb,2,933 English, and 2,450 natives of other countries, mak- ing an aggregate of 40,114 natives of foreign countries, leav- ing 37,051 for natives of the United States. This presents even a greater disparity between tjie native and immigrant population that has been supposed to have existed. The ira- migrauLs, however, constitute one of the principal sources of the wealth and prosperity of the city. They have added mil- lions to the value of its real estate, immensely increased the aggregate of the annual returns of its productive industry, and created an important market for the produeiinns of the soil and the wares of the mechanic and the merchant. The whole number of manufacturing establishments ia operation on the 1st dime, 1850, and producing to the value of $500 and upward, annually, was 1.308, iu which was in- vested a capital of $4,377,711; and these employed 7,331 males, and 1,130 females. The annual product of this branch, of industry amounted to $15,400,340. The following table, showing the number of each kind of business, the capital invested, etc., is compiled from the census of the year specified : Buainees. Cinital. Hnj.<)9eiT.nloyeem. Product, 104 Carpenters , .$150,265. .557. . — . .$1,171,590 9 S^.ne,cutter8... 28,100.. 90.. — .. 122,700 7 Shirt manufacturers 43,000. . — . .208. . 43.000 106 Tailors 205,500.. 680. .181 .. 050.550 14 llatlers ' 26.700.. 72.. 16.. S.^150 8 Carriage-makers 06.600 . . 138. . — . . 130.000 9 Iron foundries 389,000. .545. . — . . 569,000 2 Brass founm. isi . . — . . 10.. 10.. 99,301).. 12G.. 100.. 498,950 10.. — . 97.. — . 122.. — . 22. 62,250 T8,9T5..2T2 4,S(i0.. 14..— TOO.. 7..— 67,1.30.. 170.. — 7,300.. 27..— 6,300.. 15..— 7,700.. 3S..— 3,710.. 1.3..— 1,500.. 5..— Business. 85 Tinners Acoppersmilhs. 129.300 1 Type founder 51,S00 10 Ohundlers and laril oil ) melters i 8 Tent and .iwning makers 1,709 7 l:op,-makers 70,230 50 IJakers 110 Boot and shoe makers . . 5 Gunsmiths 1 Fire-safe maker 28 Painters and glaziers . . . 7 Book-hinders 3 Plane-makers 3 Trunk-makers 7 Locksmiths 1 Chair manufactory 6 Plumbers 12.500.. 30. 6 Tobacco manufactories.. 23,000.. 66. 3 Spirit gas distilleries 20,500.. 7. 2 Drug and chem. factories 21,000.. 16. 1 I'louring-mill 600.. 2. 1 Shot factory 40.000 . . 25 . 1 Bucket factory 4,000.. 10. 9 Tanneries 70,200 . . 73 . 9 Saw-mills 115,000. .103. 22 Milk dairies 12,830.. 25. 10 Ujiholsterers 49,960. . 46. 24 Ir.aildlers 33,916.. ITS. 6 Turners 2,330.. 8..— 2 Venetian blind makers.. 4,000.. 5.. 3 6 Wire-workers 16,800. . 15. . — 1 Gold-pen maker 1,000.. 1..— 19 Flour-mills 489,500. .1.51.. — 2 Planing-mills 47,000 . . 85 5 Patent medi'nemanuf's. 14,000 8..— 53 Coopers 32,485. .24S. . — 2 Glass factories 60,000 . . 70 . . — 8 Sugar refineries 177,000.. 211.. — 2 White lead, castor and I iigoQA linseed oil factory ( ' 4 Soda-water mannfacto's. 16,000.. 91 10 Confectioners 6,700 . . 1 Whip-maker 600. . 4 Lime-kilns 2,330.. 1 Cork manufactory 2.500 . . 88 Cigar-makers 20,180. . 2 Kectiflers 4,000. 6.. — , 6 Machinists 80.100.. 100. . — . 8 Starch factories 2,5,000 . . 17 . . — . 44 Brick-yards 89,000. .619.. — . 6 Sausage-m.ikers 505 . . 6 . . — . 1 Colton-yarn factory 70.000.. 40. 18 Bricklayers 16,,500..1O4. AiLn.i.il l'r,„li,a. 287,328 150,000 112. 6. .160.. 28..-, 7.. — . 14.. — . 8.. — . 92.. — . 80. 3,500. 6.150. 2,100. 420. 6.500. , 39..— . 111.. — . 40.. — . 2 Organ builders 6 Cap-makers 2 .Jewelers 8 Bandbox-makers.. 8 Match factories. . . 49 Butchers $49,920 1 Oas company 220,000 1 Cotton baiting factory .. 82,000.. 35..— 1 Fire and Waterproof roof manufactory . . . 1 Spiee-mill 14,000. . 12. . — 1 Lead pipe and sheet ( leanly equaletLby the wisdom that has planned them; and surh is the solid wealth, credit, ami fixed purpose of the people, tli:il Ili.'y will certainly carry out what they have I.ejiini, and jju-^Ii on to complt-tion the great railroads— the Paeifle, the Hannibal and St. Joseph, the SI. Lnuia and Northern Missouri, and others in various tlirectiotis. Knowing ita own resources, St. Louia views with no jealous 751 SAI SAI eye, the efforts made in lUiuoia and elsewhere, ti> carry out railroad enlfrprisea, sut-h as the Central R. K. from Galena and Chicago to Cairo, and the various cross lines that are being extended from the lalies to the Mississippi — the latter, profitable as they may be to the parties interested, will yet mainly benetit St Louis, by converting the thiniy inhabited country through which they pass into populous and flourish- ing districts, whose people will resort to her to exchange their products for her manufactures, and the various supplies which now reach her from the West Indies, from the south and the east; while the Central Railroad, by developing a still greater region, comparatively unimproved, and sparsely Bettled, extending through Illinois north and south, will create and open to the trade of St. Louis a populous belt of country in front and to the right and left, the main road through which will be reached in less than two hours' time, by the cross lines to the east By virtue of railroad connections, St Louis will thus be made the immediate centre of commerce and manufacture Of 1,500,000 people in Illinois and Missouri, while in ten years its own people, in all probability, will approach half a million, and itself be the acknowledged exchange mart of 4,000,000 people. The receipts at St Louis of principal articles of produce for the years 1849, '50, '51, and '52, were as follows : Articles. t849, 18S0. 1851. 1852. •Wheat bush 881,423 927,.346 1,700,708 1,691,886 Flour, per riv., bU 301,933 29S,23l 1 jgoggj 130330 " "wagon" — 3'2,35'2f ' ' ' Com sacks 142,183 484,014 1,840,900 S44.720 OaU " 1«6,8.35 84S.716 794,421 32.3,081 Barley " 44,013 84,744 101,074 47.2M Pork bbls 113,909 101,662 103,013 66.30G " tierces — 1,873 15,793 2,704 Bait saclis 2S9,6S0 261,230 216,933 266,616 " bbls 22,667 19,16S 46,250 42,231 Hemp bales 45,227 60,862 65,336 49.122 lead pigs 691,551 673,602 508,671 409,314 Tobacco.... hhds 9,664 9,055 10,371 14,053 " ....boxes — — ''8,.SS0 12,338 " bales — — — 800 Beef bbls 14,8.37 6,049 8,872 11,106 " tiercea 3,121 2,686 5,640 6.546 Dry Hides.... No. 68,395 94,223 99,736 42.201 Nails kegs — — 57,862 97,148 ■Whisky bbls 2S,4T1 25,959 47,991 46,446 Sugar hhds 22,814' 25,796 29,276 85,293 " bbls 3,000 6,0.34 1 8^™ 2 " boxes 8,064 12,3S8 1 •• bags _ _ — 81,745 Coffee sacks 68,702 7.3,673 101,904 96,240 Molasses bbls 81.217 29.518 40,251 64,935 Lard " 64,615 61,625 1 gjooS 42,615 " tierces 11,041 17,925) " kegs 15,513 14,649 14,450 11,815 Bacon tierces 2,195 7,087 1 ^g™ „ ,55 " casks 21,7f4 23,248 1 ' Bacon bbls 1,646 8,019 | j ^^ j -jq " boxes 2,263 1,330) ' ' «' pieces — 46,973 6,629 18,809 " lbs — 82.496 — — " Bag'dHams — 2,893 — — Bulk Pork.. casks — 1,096 — — " "... boxes — 100 — — " " ..pieces — 801,381 — — «• " lbs 12,589,860 1,481,747 — — Lumber feet 24,183,651 14,676,099 — — Shingles " 7,3.34,500 4.816,000 — — Laths " 10,290,600 283,000 — — Staves " — 807,033 — — Bagging ..pieces — — 2,746 8,650 BaleEopc.coUs — — 84,088 '42,121 782 The commercial importance of the city is more readily made visible by a view of its shipping trade. Below will be found statements showing the arrivals, tonnage, etc., of steamboats and barges in the years 1S47, '4S, '49, '60, '51, and '53 respectively : >f Arrivals from 1847. 1949. 1849, 1850. 1851. la-iS, New Orleans 502. . . .426. . . .813. . . .808. . . .800. . . .8.30 Ohio River 430. . . .429. . . .401 . . . .493. . . .401. . . .520 Illinois River 66S.... 690.... 686.... 7S8.... 6.54.... 858 Upper Mississippi. 717. . . .697. . . .806. . . .635. . . .689. . . .705 Missouri River. .. .314. . ..827. ...855. .. .890. .. .801 ... .817 Cumberland — ...'. — — — 43 30 Cairo 146.. ..194.. ..122.... 75. ...119. .. .223 Other ports 202.... 896.... 217.... 215.... 175.... 201 Total 2,969. . 8,159. .2,975. . 8,239. . 2,612. . 8,174 Tonnage... — .. —633,892 681,252.. — .. — Keelboals. — .. — .. 166.. 115.. — .. — The imports from foreign countries, according to the U. i Treasury Reports in 1850, were valued at $359,648. Ton- nage owned in the district 28,907 tons, all of the class enrolled and licensed, and of which 24,056 tons were navigated by steam. Five steamers .(1,354 tons) had been built during the year. The following is a statement of the principal transactions at the custom-house in the years 1851 and 1862 ; 1852. IBbU The foreign value of goods,ware9, and merchandise, imported into St Louis from foreign countries, and entered for consumption at this port in 1852 $954,956 00 $757,509 QD Foreign value of merchandise re- maining in public store on 31st Dec, ult 11,666 00 8,261 S9 The foreign value of merchandise entered at other ports for trans- portation hither, but not yet re- ceived, estimated 72.95100 107,902 00 Total $1,039,473 00 $873,672 89 Of the above-mentioned goods, wares, and merchandise, enter- ed for consumption in 1852, the imports were from the following countries: From England, the foreign value of which was $481,843 00 $406,113 00 France 75,253 00 38,404 00 Germany and Holland 22,695 00 23,239 00 Spain and Dependencies 262,880 00 220,770 OO Brazil 93,056 00 68,983 00 Manilla (E. I.) 62.903 00 Other countries 6,705 00 Total $954,946 00 $767,509 OD The general descriptions of mer- chandise iraportecl and entered for consumption are, viz. : sugar and mohisses, foreign cost $41.3,172 00 $289,758 00 Hardware, cutlcrj-, etc 118,270 00 183,40100 Railroad iron 132,894 00 100,211 00 Earthen and glassware 60,729 00 98,786 00 Tin-plate, tin, iron, copper, etc.. 59,826 00 81,482 00 Dry goods and fancy goods 110,814 00 24,237 00 Brandies.wine9,gin8,cordial8,etc. 82,985 00 24,712 06 Burr stones 620 00 2,267 00 Drugs and medicines 750 00 2,618 00 Cigars 5.733 00 Total $954,946 00 $757,509 00 SAI Amounts of Juties on iniporU col- lected SAI Hospital moneys ^ Total amoimt colleoted in 1S53 Aounl cxpcniled in ls52 for re- liif of sick and distressed sea- men Tonnage on steam vessels remain- ing on .31st Dec, IS53 $290,]eS 85 $339,318 68 S.li!) S9 3,941 03 $393,3;iS 74 $343,359 71 •$3,1133 01 $,1,411 44 8G,373 00 St. Louis is divided into six wards, and is goven>e-l!""'^°f e.-.ohwardin ISol. together « till the ta.x which each ward paid in that year. Wnr.l,. First Ward.... Second Ward . Thir.l Ward... Fourth Ward., l^illh Ward. .. Sixth Ward VALFATION m 1.S5I. Olil Liiii.ta. New I.j •$.WI,794 Total. 653.(r2I. . . 6,363.044. .. C.:::75,735. . . 2,93fl.il9S. 861,993., .$17,079,374 $3,267,9.34.. 884,263.. 2,519,801.. 1,9.53.439.. 1,287,430.. 4,79(1,031.. T.ttnl. $3^69.73-! 1,486,386 8,783,50,5 8,.333,1.54 4,307,518 6,162,013 First Ward . . . Scccin)00 Chouteau, Sr. Pierre. .13,025 Chouteau, Sr. Auguste 9,105 Duchoquette, Bapliste. 3,500 Duchoquclle, Francois 1,345 Duncan, Eobert. 1,865 Everheart, George 730 Eiislisli, Elkanah 1,020 Essex enough 3,000 Forsyth, Thomas 2,315 Farren & Walker, Drs. 1,700 , 3.700 , 1,935 , 240 4,.330 8,300 2.50n eiiisehcs are still Of the 429 tax-pay- he^uames nf only the priii- M-Guirc, Thomas $1,910 iV'Kniglit i, liraJy b,3uu O'Fallan, .John 0,430 Papin, Al'!xaiider .3,715 1,500 1,315 1,200 4,680 4,850 . 200,000 . 101,600 Allen, Thomas $874,000 Ashley, Elizabeth... 131,800 Benoist, Louis A.. Berthold.B. est... liiddle, .John Bogy, L. V Boyce, Octavia Brant, .1. B Carr, Wm. C Chamber, Charles. Harney, W. S Harney, Mary Lindell. .Jesse G... Linden, Peter. 11.5,700 Linden, P. 191,000 Lucas, .James 11. '10,0110 Lucas & Hunt 693 $181,900 36,5,000 102,700 430,000 and J. G. 143,400 453,000 ,000 313,600 Mullanphy, Brvan.. 291000 12^,000 0'F.alton, Col. John. 33S,,300 „, , ^ ^ 12'V'OO p.,ge, D. D 427.500 Chouteau, P., .Jr. ... . oi|n,ooo ' " - *-i-nw Farrar, Barnard G. Furguson, Peter... Finney, John Geyer. Henry S Gratoist, Charles... Gamble, Archibald. Giddings. Salmon 1,200 " ' ~ " ' . COO . .530 . 8,630 , 1.200 7,900 6,136 , s;ooo 20,000 3,600 10,065 Provencher, J. L. Provencher, Peter... Prim, .John Paul, Kene Paul, Gabriel Papin, Ilypl. and Sylv. 5,985 Papin. Theodore 2,000 PhiUibert, .Joseph 4.055 Paul & I iigrani 20,|)00 Pratte, B. and .Jos 11.800 Price Hisdon H g.soo Pllillip.sen, Jos n 000 Pratte, Bernard io,'l65 Quarlas, Robert 3,000 Hunt, Wilson P. Hawkin, Jacob Hanley, Thomas Hunt, Theodore Hammond, Samuel. . Kcnnerly. .James Kennerly, Jas. & Geo. Kerr, Bell & Co Kerr, Matthew Lisa's, est Labadie, Maria Antoin- "•'■. «t 5^000 Linden, J. & Co.. com- posed ofP.,,J,&j.L. 5,0.50 Lahcanme, T^onis, esL , 300 Laveille, Francois 4] Long, Gabriel... Lakenan. .Tames Reed, Jesse P.ector, Wra Kankin, Eobert Koubidox, Jus, and F . Reed, Jacob, est Recto 4,000 10.900 SOO 9,055 1,500 Chouteau, Henry 18,5,500 Clemens. .James, .Jr. 842,000 Deaver, L.irkin est.. 115,300 Ewing, Benoist, et al 118,000 Finney, J. and W... 16.3.C00 Galy, McCune & Co. 171.000 Gay, J. H 115,800 Graham, Richard. .. 200,000 118,300 Pratte, Bernard Rankin, Robert, est. 1,55.700 Shaw, Henry 204.100 Stiekney& Scollay.. ISS^OOO Tyler, Robert 837,000 Waddingham, Wm. 110,600 Walker, Isaac 307,50.0 Walsh, .Land E.... 160.500 Wood, J.ime3 107,000 Besides the above, there are 273 persons whoso property la severally valued from 20,000 to 99,000 doUars. The thirty years since 1830 have effected vast changes in the wealth and general eiri'umslanccs of St. Louis, and an exhibit of the assessment of that il.iy along with one of the 48 2,000 1.730 Lee, ^lary Ann 1.720 Lane, William Carr. Lahbadie, .Joseph L. Landreville, Andre.., Lecompte, Margaret.. Lucas, .Tohn. 11. C. 1,000 ],.525 7,875 9,305 .10,000 'r, Eli.i8 1,365 Riddock, Thom,as F. . . 7,070 Reynard, Hyaeiulh 7,570 Sullivan, William 2,4.35 SaiTade Jean 1,800 Smith, William, est.... 6,500 Scott, Moses 1012 Smith, Oliver C....... 2)713 Simpson, Robert 4.200 Sarpy, .John B 6,870 Sangtiinetle, M.irianne 6,415 Stokes & Ashley 4,oo0 Scott, Alexander 2,500 Thornton. .John ,>)0 Tisson, Loufa H soO Tesson, Michael 9,c63 Town & Pent 2,000 Tracy & Walirendorff. . 3,670 Vonphul, Henry 5,460 Valois, Francois S615 Wiggins, S.amuel 1,200 Whetmore, Alphonzo. 1 .387 Mullanphy. .John 8.100 I Wherrv White, I.sa.ac W.... White, Joseph Wolford. Ann Walker. David C, "Wilier & Page Maekay, James. .Moore, -Tames M'Nair, Alexander. , 1,.500 1,2S0 6,400 Maeka . 412 . 800 . 2,115 2.845 , 1,150 1.085 Wash, Robert 3,975 Teste, Theaste 4 790 For the year 1821 the total taxes levicl on property situ- ated within the town limits and precincts, is $3,S38 80 Kt Louis at that period contained only some 307 buildings' and there were but sixty stores in the town. The total number of .'itves was 816. The history of St. Louis is one of great ititerest. On the iDth iehruary, 1764, La Clede and his party landed at Iho 753 SAI SAI spot now occupied, by the city, and proceeded to draw the town limits, which ho named St. Louis, in honor of Louis XV. of France, a town whi(?h subsequrm Ap- palachce, 20 m. S. by E. Tallahassee, with which it is con- nected by railr()ad, and of which it is the port. It has con- siderable other business. Saint Maiik's river, F/or. : rises in a small ponil. in Jef- ferson CO., flows S. W. 20 m., and unites with the Wakulla, to form Appalaohee r., flflwing S. into the GuJf of Mexico. Boats drawing 4 feet water ascend to its source. There is S feet of water to St. Mark's v., G m. from the gulf, but the navigation is crooked, and impeded by oyster beds. At the mouth of the r. is a light-house. Saint Mark's, U. S. collection dist., Flor. : comprising St. Mark's r. and vicinity ; had on June SOili. 1S50, a ton- nage of 853 tons, consisting of 2S2 tons enrolled and li- censed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade, and 71 tons licensed under 20 tons; with no foreign commerce or ship-building at that date. Port Leon is the port of entry. ^ Saint Martin parish, La. Situate S. "W. of the E. dis- trict, and contains 1,117 sq. m. Drained by Teche river in the S. W. and W., and branches of Grant river in the E., and numerous small streams falling into Lake Chetiniaches which occupies the central and S. E. portion of the county Surface is varied, and there is some prairie land ; soil along the streams is fertile and easy of cultivation, and yields con- siderable quantities of cotton, fruits, etc. Chief products, sugar, cotton, rice, indigo, and Indian com. Farms 420 ; manuf 0^ dwell. 940, and pop.— wh. 4,741, fr. col. 5;J1, si. 5,S3o — total 11,107. Capital: St. Martinsville. Public Works : New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas E. R. Saint Martin's, p. v., AYorcester co., Md. : at the head of St, Martin's r., 7T m. S. E. Annapolis. Saint Martin's river, Worcester co.^.Md,: a large inlet, with a number of confluences, rising from the E. edges of the Cypress swamp. The Isle of \V ight divides its entrance into Sinepuxent bay, into two channels. Saint Martinsville, p. v., and cap. St. Martin's par.. La. : on both j-ides of Layuu Teche, and at the head of steamboat navigation, 4^3 m. S. W. Baton Uouge. It contains a court- house, jail, etc., and has considerable trade, principally in cotton. Saint Mart's parish, La. Situate S. W. in E. district, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Teehe river, and Salle and Cypra Mort bayous. Surface level ; soil diversified, in some parts being liable to inundation, and too wet for tillage. Where this is not the case it proves fertile, and is well fitted for the growth of cotton, sugar, rice, etc., which are tho staple productions. Its S. W. coast is indented with large b.iys. Farms 193; manuf. 0; dwell. 746, and pop. — wh, .3,423, fr. col. 4'->4. si. 4,961— total S,S08. Capital: Franklin. PnUic Works: New Orleans, Opelousas, and Texas It. K. Saint Mary's county, Md. Situate W., and contains 315 sq. m. Drained by small streams flowing into the Potomac and Patiixcnt rivers. Surface level; soil fertile, and pro- duces abundantly tobacco, which is the staple. Farms 813 ; manuf. 9; ihvell. 1.512, and pop.— wh. 6.225, fr. col. 1,631, si. 5,S42— total 13,693. Capital: Leonardstown. Saint Maey's. p. v., and port of entry, Camden co., 6a.: on N. bank of St, Mary's r., 102 in. S. S. W, Savannah, ISS m. S. E. Millodgeville. It has a safe harbor, ami vessels drawing 21 feet of water come to its wharves. It contains a church, academy, several slores, etc. Pop. about 700. The tot:il tonnage of St. Mary's district, on June 3mh, 1S50, was 1,425 tons, of which Iho registered tonnage was 492 Ions, temporary, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was 933 tons (092 t. permanent. 241 t temporary) employed in the coasting irade. During the year preceding there was no S.U SAI forei^ commerce nor ehip-building. Tlie tonnage and other importance of St. Mark'3 has decreased Since the ac- cession of Florida to the Union. Saixt Mary's, p. c, Wood co., Ttrff. : 240 m. N. w. Eichmond. '* 5aist Mary's, p. o., Hancock co., III. : on the left bank of Crooked cr., 77 m. N. W. Springfield. Saint Maky^s, p. o., Linn co., la. : on a branch of Cedar r., 17 m. N. Iowa City. Saint Mart's, p. o., Vigo county, Ind.: 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Saint Mary's, t. and p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio: S3 m. W.N W. Columbus. Drained by SI. Marj'"* r. and branches. Surface level ; soil very fertile. The v., formerly cap. of the CO., is on the W. bank of the r. so called, and on the line of the Miami Canal, 133 m. N. Cincinnati. It contains several stores, mills, etc The "Sentinel and Democrat" (dera.) is issued weekly. Pop. of v. 874 ; of t, 1,SG7. Saint Mary's, p. o., Chester co, Penn.: 61 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Saint Mary's, v., St, Mary's co., Md. : on the E. side of St. Mary's r., about S m. from its confluence with the Potomac, 53 m. S. Annapolis. The site of St. Mary's City, founded by the first emigrants, the " Pilgrims of St. Mary's," '27ih March, 1674, is a little S. of this. Saint Maby's, p, o., Lafayette co., Wise: 49 m. S. W. Madison. Saint Mary's river, Ga, and Flor. : rises in Okefinokee Swamp, in the S. E. part of Ware co., Ga., flows S. for some distance, then suddenly turns N., and after flowing in that . : on a f irk of James r., 97 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. Saint Paul, p. o., Clark county, Ala. : 100 m. W. S. W. Moiilgoiiiery. Sai.nt Paul's, p. o., Koheson co., A'. C«n .• 63 m. S. by W. Raleigh. Saint Petep.'s, p, o., Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Saint Peter's, p. o., Franklin co., Ind.: 59 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Saint P.egis river. A' Y. : rises in St Eegis lake, in 755 SAT SAL Frankliu county, and flqwa N. by winiliiig course into the St. Luwrcnce. Sa;nt Simon's islands nnd soiuid, G(i. : lie off Glynn county. E. and N. E. Bnmswick. Saint Stephen, p. o., l''.iuquier county, Tirg.: 79 miles N. by W. Richmund. Sai^t 8tei'Hrn"6, p. v., "Wnshingflon co., Aln. : on the ri^ht hank of the Tombiirbcc r., V12 m. S. W. Monlgonicry. It is Inealed :U the head of schooner navigation. Itcontains a number of worJish"ps, stores, etc., and a XJ. S. land ofHec. The buildings are chiefly of stf>ne, bat present a dilapidated appearance. Saint Taximasty parish, La. Biluate E. in the east dis- trict, and contains 1,043 sq. m. Drained l>y Tangipalica and Chifuncte rivers, Bogue Eallia, and otlier small streams. Surface generally uneven and in parts hilly, and adapted to grazing; soil barren for tho most part, but there are some ferlile tracts on the streams, which are we!l cultivated and prove productive. Staple articles, cotton, sugar, and rice. ' Pine Limber abounds extensively. Farms 90 ; inanuf. 33 ; dwell. 7S6, and pop.— wh. 3,6-12, fr. col. 359, si. 2,303— total 6,864. Ctipital : Co\iugtoii. Saint Tammany's, p. c, Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 73 m. S. W. Richmond. Saint Tuomas, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Penn. : 53 m. S. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Back cr. Surface uneven; soil various. The village on the line of the proposed railmad from Gettysburg to Greensburg contains some manufactor- ies, etc. In the town there is a furnace (constructed in 1S2S) of 1,400 tons annual capacity moved by water-power. Pop- ulation of t. about 2,000. Salamonie river, Itid. : rises in S. E. corner of Jay co., near the Ohio boundary, flows N. W., and empties into Wabash r. opposite to Lagro. It is an excellent mill-stream, but not navigable. Salem county, y. Jer. Situate S. W., and contains SIS sq. m. Drained by Stow, Salem, Alloway's, and Oldman's creeks, which flow into Delaware bay and river. Surface even ; soil varied, but in general is ferlili? — in the N. portion it consists principally of a deep loam with an inlermiNture of sand and clay, in the S. E. gravelly. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are exported large- ly. It contains extensive beds of marl. Farms 1.313; manuf. 142 ; dwell. 3,515, and pop.— wh. 17,415, fr. col. 2,052, el. 0— total 19,467. Ctijni-al: Salem. Salem, p. v., Eussell county, Ala. : 69 miles E. by N. Montgomery, Salem, p. v., Newton co., Tex. : on the Sabine r., at the mouth of Big Cow cr., 261 m. E. Austin City. SALE.M. t and p. v.. New London co., Cmm. : 29 m. S. E. Hartford, 36 m. E. N. E. New Haven. Is an agricultural township, with fertile soil, well watereil by several streams. Gardner's lake lies on its N. E. border. Incori)orated in 1819, and contains 4 churches. Pop. of t 760. Salem, p. v., Clark co., Ga.: on Green Briar cr., 89 m. N. by "W. Milledgeville. Salem, p- v., and cap. Marion co., TIL : on the borders of Grand Prairie, at the head of Crooked cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains the county buildings, etc., and promises to become an important place upon the comple- tion of the Ohio and Mississippi K. B.. and the Massac and Sangamon B. R., which will pa«s thmugh iL Salem, t., p. v., sta., anlia trade, by wliieh it was very greatly enriched. In ISIS the number of vessels employed in this trade,'%elon5ing to l^alem, was 53, the timnage of which was 14,272 tons. This trade is not now carrii-d on so extensively as formerly from this port, but many vessels therein en£!:a2;ed are owned here, and deliver their cargoes in Boston and New York. The total tannage of Salera .II1I2 IsoO. .20,203 iroa. . T,921 1S20. .12,731 lS4t>. .15,08-2 Salem was settled in 1G2R. incorporated June 29. 1620, made sbire town November 9, 1G44, and incorporated as a city March 21, lSo6. lis Indian name was Nautnkeag. In 1C29 it cont;iined 200 inhabitants, and the first church was then formed. In July. 1630. 17 ships arrived, with 1.5iiO persons, by some of whom Boston was fnuuded. In 1692 tlie witchcraft delusion prevailed, during which 19 persons were condemned and hanged a.s witches. In 1774, wh^-n Boston was a closed port, Gou. Gage ordered the removal of the general court to this place, which called out great remonstrance from its citizens. During the Revolution it was distinguished for patriotism, and especially for its va- rious naval achievements. In the course of the war it fitted out about GO vessels, manned by about 4.000 men. At the end of the war it commenced the ICast India trade. The flrat vessel thus engaged was at the Cape of Good Hope in 1784, and at Canton in 17S6. In 17^2 wxs e.stal>lishcd the first regular stage communication with Boston, which was tri-weekly; the railroad to Boston was opened August 2S, 1S3S. Tlie usual time at present of passing over it to lio-^ton is 45 minutes. On necemlx-r 2-3, 18t7, the telegraph wires were compU^ted to this place from Boston. Sai.em, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co., Jfich. : 53 ra. E. R. E Lansing. Drained by a fork of W. braneli of Eonge r. This is one of the best agricultural towns in the co., having a very rich soil, and well improved. Pop. 1,343. Salkm, p. v., Tippah county, Miss.: 1S2 m. N. N. K. Jackson. Salem, t.. p. v„ and sta.. Kockinghara co., ?r. /Tamp. : on Manchester and Lawreoee K. K., 19 m. from Manchester, 7 m. from Lawrence, 34 m. S. S. E.fioiicord. Surface uneven ; watered by S[iiggot n and liraiiches, which afford water- power, iiiipn)vcd by mills'of various kinds. Top. in 1S40, 1,40S; in IS.'iO, 1.555. Salem, p. v., and cap. Salem co., y. Jar. ; on 7^. side of Salom cr., 3^ m. from its mnuth, in Delaware bay. 57 ra. S. W. by S. Trenton. The swl of t. is a f.Tiile sanriy loam. The V. was tlie llr^t place seitlerl in. West Jers'-y. having been founded in 1675, It contains a handsome brick court-li^juse, witli (ire-proof county ofRces adjacent, a stone jidl, acadi'my, 8 eliurclH'S, market-house, and l>auk, with capiUd of $75,000. The "National SLanany. Drained by branches of Batten Kill r. Surface undulating,.in parts hilly; soil in general good, and under high state of cultivation. ButtM", cheese, pork, etc., are i)roduced in abundance. It was first settled in 1756, by two companies of emigrants, one from Scotland and Ireland, and tiie other from New England, and orgatiized in 17SS. The v. is on Whitrt cr., in a pleasant valley, and on the Rutland and Washington R. R., 41 m. N. by E. Troy It was incorporated in 1S03, and conlaina a part of the county buildings. It is surrounded by a rich and highly cultivated region of country, producmg excellent grain, and raising large nuinljers uf sheep ; it is celebrated as a mart for the purchase of wool. The Wa-iliington Acad- emy, located here, is* an old and flouri^hing institution. The v. has some manufactures, several mills, etc. ; atid the "Salem Press" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. oft. 2,904. Salem, p. v., Forsyth ft:)unty, y. Cur.: 96 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Settled by Moravians, who have here a celebrated female academy, with large buildings on a liandsome scjuare. The V. also contains a cluirch, a cotton factory, p.-ipiT fac- tory, stores, etc., and a branch of the Bank of C.aiie Fear at Wilmington, with capital of !Jl5(i,iHKl. Pop. about l,ii00. Salem, p. v. and sta., Cohiinbiana co.. Ohio: on Oliioand Peiuisylvania R. B., 65 m. from Wonster, 69 m. froiTi Pitts- burg ; 122 m. N. E. Columbug, This v. is in Perry t. The "Homestead Journal'* (land reform) and "Anti-Slavery Bugle" are issui-d weekly. Pop. aliout 1,000. Salem, t. Columbiana co.. Ohio; 123 ul N. E. Columbus. Surface rolling; soil fertile. Ttie Ohio and Penris\lvania R. R. passes through the t. at v. of Franklin Square, G9 m. from Wooster, 6.'i lu. from Pitlsl)urg. Pop. 1,960. Salem, t. and p. o.. Mcrct-r co.. Peiui. : 195 ul N. W. Har- risburg. Draitied by Little Shenango and Crooked creeks. Surface even ; soil fertile. It has 8e\eral mills, mocUauic shops, etc. Sale-m, p. v., Sumter dist,, S. Car. : on the E. side of Black T.ybTi m. E. by S. Columbia. Salem, p. v., Franklin co., 7'c-nn. : on Bean's cr., 77 m. S. S. E. N.tshville. Salkm. p. v., sti., and cap. Roanoke co., TTrj/. ; on thoN. side of the Roanoke v., ami on the Virginia and Tennessee R. R., 60 m. from Lynchburg. 145 W. by S. Richmond. It cont;uns a court-house, jail, and a branch of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. Norfolk, with capital of $100,0u0. Salem, j). v., and cap. Marion co, and cai)ilal of the Ter- rit<'r>f of ()n'(/n the E. bank of tho Willa- melle river, and contains the St;ite buildings, etc. Salem, p. v.. Racine co., Wise. : on Lake Michigan, 87 m. E. by S. Madison. Salem Cextue, p. v., Westchester county, A^ Y. : 92 m. 8. by E. Albany. Salem Cnt'p.cn. p. v., Randolph county, JV. dr. : W. of Ultarie r., 73 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Salem Ceoss Roaps, p. o., Chautauque CO., N. Y. : 3ii4 m. W. bv S. Albany. 75T SAL SAL Salem Cross Roads, o., Westmoreland co., Peiui. : 133 ID. \V. Harrisburg. Salem Fauquier, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : on the Manassas Gap K. R., DI m. N. by W. Richmond. Salfop.dville, p. 0., Montgomery eo., Pejm. : 7S m. E. Harrisburg. Saun'a, p. v., Jefferson co., Ki/. : on the E. side of Mill cr. of the Ohio r., 53 m. "W. Frankfort. i^LiNA, t. and p. v., Ontmdaga county, y. Y.: 183 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by several small streams flow- ing into Onondaga lake, which bounds it on the W. Sur- face roliingr: soil of great fertility, and well cultivated. It is celebrated fi)r its salt manufactures — the Onondaga Salt Springs, owned by the State, being hicated here, mostly on the "Onondaga Salt Spring Reservation," consisting of de- tached lots of various dimensions, situated promiscuously in the town. They are the largest and best in the United States. The making of salt, both by solar evaporation and by artificial heat, is carried on extensively in the villages of Salina, Syracuse, and Liverpool. The principal spring is at Salina v., which affords an inexhaustible supply of water, yielding to every 4(t gallons about one bushel of pure salt The water is forced up by hydraulic engines into a large reservoir, fmni which S>Tacuse and other places are supplied by means of pipes. InlSo", there were manufactured at the Salina works 4fl,.546 bushels of course salt, 1,S66,4S5 bushels of fine, and 262,730 bushels of ground or dairy salt — total, 2,175,711 bushels. The amount of duty accruing to the State from these works was $-J4.3'>4. The v. is located on the E. bank of the lake, and on the Oswego Canal, 2 m. N; Syra- cuse. It was incorporated in 1S24, and contains — besides a number e year 1732. The first furnace was erected in 1762, and a large amount of cannon-balls anoundear it are salt springs, which have been workerl to arlvantige. Salt lake, I'tah Ter. {See Great Salt Lakr.) Salt lake, Cameron co.. 7'ex, : this famous salt lake, about S m. in circumference, affords immense quantities of s,alt, suintlying tlie vicinity and many neigliboring States of Mex- ico. Its waters are evaporated in summer, leaving q. crust of s.alt 4 or 5 inches thick. Salt river. 10/. .' rises in Mercer county, flows N. mto Anderson, and turning W. enters the Ohio r. at West Point, 20 ra. below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is boatahle 150 miles. Its princip.al branch is Rolling fork. Some of the most fertile parts of the State are watered by this river and its branches. Salt river. Mo. : is formed by three large forks in E. part of Mniiroe CO.. and flows eaatwardly in a winditig course, and enters the Mississippi r. about 3S nL below Marion city. It is navigable to some extent Salt Creik. p. v.. Davis co., Ta. : on a branch of Soap cr.. 65 ni. S. S. W, Iowa Tiiy. Saltillo, ]i. v., Iiawaniha county, 3fiNfi.: 169 m. N. E. Jackson. Saltillo, p. o., Ilardin county, Temi. : 96 m. B. W Niishvillc. Saltillo, p. v., .Tasper county, Tn(t: on the Iroquois oi Pickaniiiik r.. 03 m. N. N. W. [ndiana])0li3. SALTKi-rrruKi: BinnnK, p. v.. Colleton district, i*?. Cor. : on the left bank of Coinbahee r., in a swampy district, 87 m. S. Colmnbia. Salt Lakb City, or Cily of the Great Salt Lake, p. city, and cap. Salt Lake co., I'tith Ter. : on Jordan river, a strait 759 SAL SAN between Utah and Great Salt tukes, 105 m. N. by E. Filhnore City. This Scttlftnent of the Mormons is ?ilu:itfd at the wcst- eru hase of the W;iaateli Mountains, on an elevation of more than 4,000 f-^-ct. The Mormon communion was firat organ- ized in It^yO, under the auspices of Joseph Smith, the prophet and founder, and the settlement commenced at tiiis place uuiler Bri^ham Young, his successor, in July, 1^47 ; soon after which it was laid out in streets and squares for a large city, and a fort or inclosure erected for defense against attacks by Indians. The streets are well planned, running at right angles S r'^ds wide, with sidewalks of 20 feet, the blocks 40 rods square, divided into S lots, each containing one acre and a quarter. The houses are built principally of 6un-*^iried brick, ami present a neat appearance. In October the col- ony was strengthened by the arrival of from 3,000 to 4,0iK) persons, since which time building and agriculture have been prosecuted to such an extent that it is now a place of con- siderable note. Agriculture and the raising of sttwk are the chief pureuils of the iuhabitimls; but establishments are being erected for the mauulacture of woolen goods, sugar, etc. ; wood, iron ore, and alum is found in the vicinity, and salt is manufactured from the waters of tlie lake, which con- tains 20 per cent, of pure salt. By an Act of Congress, a mail line has been established from this city through the principal cities and towns to San Diego (California). A school for the education of teachers has been commenced, school-houses built for the instruction of children, a univer- sity is in cojileraplation (the site of which has been selected on one of the terraces of the mountain, overlooking the city), and altogether it is in a flourishing condition. Salt-uck Falls, p. o., Preston co., BV(/. ; ISl m. N. W. Richmond. SALTpETEE,p. 0., 'Washiugton CO., Ohio: S3 m. E. S. E. Oolumbus. Salt Point, p. (V Duchess co., jV. T. : 63 m. S. Albany. Si-.T Epter, p. v., Audrian co., Mo.: on Davis fork of Salt r., 39 m. N. Jefferson City. Saltsbukc, p. v., Indiana co., Pe?)?). : on the right bank of Coneraaugh r., 133 in. \V. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Salt works are operated in the vicinity. It contains several stores, mills, worbsbops, etc. Pop. 623. Salt Spuing, p. o., Campbell co., Ga.: 90 m. W. N. W. Milled geville. Salt Spring, p. o., Bienville parish. La. : lOS m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Salt Speingtille, p. o., Otsego county, jV. Y.: 52 m. W. by N. Albany. Salt Sclpuur Springs, p. v., Monroe co., Virg. : 169 m. W. Richmond. This is a pleasant watering-place, 24 m. from "White Sulphur Springs. The springs are encircled by moffntaina on every side, are much visited by invalids and others, and enjoy a high reputation. The temperature of their waters varies from 49° to 56° Fahrenheit. Salttille, p. v., Washington co., Vivg. : on S. side of N. fork Holston r., 24:3 ra. W. by S. Richmond. There are valuable salt springs in the vicinity; and gypsum is found. Water-power is good, and there are several mUl-seats. Salubeitt, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car.: on Eighteen mile cr., tributary of Seneca r., 109 m. N. W. Columbus. Salitda. p.,o., Jefferson county, lud. : ou a cr. so called, 73 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Saluda, p. c, Cftweta county, Ga. : S7 m. W. by N. MilledgevUle. Saluda, p. v. and sta., Newbury district, S. Car. : on the N. eide of Saluda r., and on the Greenville and Columbia R. R., 61 m. W. by N. Columbia. Saluda, p. o., Middlesex co., Virg. : 51 m. E. Richmond. Salui'A river, S. Car,: rises in the eastern division of tho Alleghany Mountains, in N. W. part of the State, and flows in a S. E. direction, separating Greenville, Laurens, and, Newbury, from Pickens, Anderson, Abbeville, and Edgefield districts, crosses Lexington district and unites with Broad river at Columbia, to form the Congaree. 760 Saluda Mili-s p. o., Newbury district, S. C'lr.: a mill- seal, 43 m. W. by N. Columbia. SALUNG4, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 63 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Saluria, p. v., Calhoun co., Tex. : ou the N. E. end of Matagorda inland, between Espiritu Santo and Matagorda bays, 147 m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a young city, and one of great promise, having been selected by the directors of the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf R. R. Company as the most suitable point for the tenuinus of their road. "The greater depth of water, and superior advantages as a shel- t(*red harbor for vessels of every class, in all seasons, give it claims superior to all other points on Matagorda bay, and entitle it to be considered, at no distant day, the emporium of western -Tex as." Saluria, U. S. collection dist., Tex.: on Juno 3C)th, 1S50, had a total tonnage of 5S9 tons, enrolled and licensi-d, con- sisting of 456 tons permanent, 116 tons temporary, and 17 tons licensed under 20 Ions, all empliiyed in the coasting trade, and of which 105 tons were propelled by steam. During the preceding year, it had no foreign coninierce. One vessel was built, a steamer — 106 tons. Its port of entry is La Salle. Salvisa, p. v., Mercer co., AT//. : between Salt and Ken- tucky rivers, IS m. S. Frankfort. I*oj). 1.^. Sama^tha, p. o.. Highland county^ Ohio : 59 m. S. S. W. Columbus^ Sammon's Point, p. v., Iroquois co.. III. : on the W. hank of the Iroquois r., 125 m. N. E. Springfield. The Chicago Branch R. R., will pass through this vUIage. Sammonsville, p. o., Fulton county, 2i. Y. ; 47 m. N. W. Albany. Sampson county, 2^. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 664 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and branches of South r., all being tributaries of Cape Fear r. Surface undulating; soil moderately fertile, a large por- tion is well adapted to grain and griaing. Chief produc- tions, cotton, rice, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 94S; manuf. 53; dwell. 1.5S2, and pop.— wh. 8,424, fr. col. 476, si. 5,6S5 — total 14,5S5. Capital: Clinton. Sajupson, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : S3 m. W. Columbus. Sampsondai.k, v., Rockland co., TV. 1'. ; 9S m. S. Albany. It is ft manufacturing village, and conLiins an extensive iron and wire factory, rolling and slitting mills, chemical works, etc Sampsonville, p. v., Ulster county, JV. 5'. ; 43 m. S. W. Albany. It contains an extensive tannery, using oak and heudock bark, and tanning annuatly 60,000 sides of solo leather, cap. $2ti0.000. This eslablishment is owneil by General Pratt, present quartermaster of the Slate Military, and son of the celebrated Zadock Pratt, of Praltsville. It is a handsome vUlage, containing also 8 saw-mills, 1 grist- mill, 2 taverns, a Dutch Reformed Church, about 60 dwell- ings, and 4'iO inhabitants. Sam's Cbej-.k, p. v., Carroll co., Md, : on the E. side of Sam's cr., 46 m. N. W. Annapolis. San Andreas, v., Calaveras county, Calif. : between the N. and S. branches of Calaveras r., 139 m. E. Vallejo. It is surrounded by ravines and flats, rich in gold, and well adai)led to winter mining. San Antonio, p. v., aud cap. Bexar co., Tko. ; near tho source of the river so called. 73 m. S. S. W. Austin City, laU 29° 25' 22" N., and long. 9So 29' 15" W. It is located on both sides'of the river, about 20 m. above its junction with the Medina, and is one of tho oldest towns in North America, containing many ancient structures. The Alamo in the N. E. ]iart of the L on the left, bank of the river, is a large oblong walled inclosure, of about an acre in exU-nt, once used as a furtress, but now in a ruinous condition. This L is celebrated in history .is the scene of several battles, aud the Alamo was gallantly defended by Col. Travis f<3r two weeks. A Umted States arsenal is located here, and an L'rsuUne convent, and several other CathoUc instilutiona. SAN SAN The Mexican Gulf E. K. will verge from Iliis pl:u>c, ami connect wiili Saluria (Calhoun co.)- The " Western Texiau" is a weekly issue. Pop. 3,2(JS. San Antoniu rivrr, 7'ex. : \% formed by the Medina and Salado rivi-rs, in Bexar co., and flows in a S. E. direelion through Guliad and Refugio co's, and empties inlo Kspiritu Santo bay. In its course it receives the Cibolo and Guada- luupe rivers, two considerable streams. San A-stomo Mission. Monterey county, CuHf. : 1:^3 m. S. by E. ValKjo. The lands of this mission are principally owned by private persons, and contain some excellent vineyards. San AuGiSTiNE county, Tkr. Siluato E., and contains C42 sq. m. Drained by Ayish l>ayou and its affluents, and branches of Alloyac r., which flows oil its weslern' border. .Surface undulating and somewhat elevated ; soil very fertile, and produces uhundanlly, cotton, corn, and potiilofs. There is some rich prairie land in the co., and a small portion is covered with pine. It contains many minerals, and several valuable mineral springs. Iron ore is abundant, and lead is found in sruall quantities. There are some quarries of excellent limesione. Farms 15S; maimf. 14; dwell. 350, and pop.— \vh. 2,0S6, fr. col — , si. 1,561— total 3,6-17. Cajj- Uul: San Augustine. San Augi-Stlne, p. v., and cap. San Augustine co., Ttxp.: on the Ayish baynu, near its source, and on Ihe old miliiary post road, 237 m. N. E. Austin City, and is one of the nin^i flourishing villages in eastern Texas. It was laid clT in August, 1633, and it now contains a court-house, jail, and many neat edifices. Being located some distance from navigable waters, it possesses few ccmmercial advantages. The •' lied Sand Herald" is a weekly issue. Iron and lead ore is found near here, and there are some valuable min- eral springs in the vicinity. The country round San Au- gustine is very rich, producing cotton, corn, rye, oats, etc., in abundance. Sax Beknaed river Tkr. ; rises near the snuree of Redgatis or, ■ f Colorado r.. flows S. E. forming the N. E. boundary of Colorado and Wharton counties, and passing through Braxoriaco., empties into the Gulf of Mexico, about 5 m. below the mouth of Brazos river. It has several tribu- taries, and is navigable for steamboats about 40 miles. San Beunaruino, p. v.,»Los Augelos co., Calif. : 60 m. from Los Angelos City, and 279 m. S. PI Yallejo. The valley iu which it is situate has a rich soil, and is well watered and timbered; and is noted for its hot sjirings. This place was originally the seal of a mission, but has lati-Iy been purchased by the Mormons, who have a considerable settlement here. San Bernandino mountain, Los Angelos co., Calif.: a lof;y peak, 2S0 m. S. E. Vallejo. At its base is a rich and beautiful valley. Sanbornton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., TV! ITamp.: IS m. K.Concord. Great bay, and Little bay, and 'Winnipiseogeer., the outlets of the lake 8i> called, form the K. and S. E. boundary. Drained by the ouUet of Salmon Brook Pond, which is in the N. of the t, affording good water-power. Surface uneven ; soil fi-rtile and well cultivated. There is a gnirbere, extending nearly a mile through very hard, rocky ground, 3b feet in depth, the walls from SO to 100 feet apart. Also a cavern on the hill, which may be entered in a hori- zontal direction to a distance of 20 feet. On the lake, at the head of Liitl-- bay. are the remains of an ancient fortification, in which have been found numbers of Indian relics, ini]>U'- ments, Ptc. Incorporated in 1770, and contains several manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, etc. The v. is situated S. of Salmon Brook Pond. Pop. of L 2,695. Sanbornton Bridge, p. v., Belknap co., iV. ITamp.: on the left bank of Winnipiseogee r., and on the Boston, Con- cord, and Montreal R. li., IS m. N. Concord. San BuF.NAVENTi'KA river, Santa Barbara county, Calif. : rises in a mountainous district near the liancho of Ojai, has a N. by "W. course of 2.5 or 30 m. to tlie sea, w hich it inters near tlie mission so called, N. of Monterey. Tile bottom along the stream is very fertile. The mission was one of the most flourishing in all California. San Carlos, or Cakmbl, mission, Monterey co., fuHf.: 175 m. S. by E. Vallejo. The lands are rich an.l well culli- valed, and there are many fine orchards. Gold and silver are found in the vicinity. S.vN Clemente, v., San Diego co., Calif. : on the S. E. end of the island so called (in the Pacific Ocean). 65 m. W. San Diego, and 2SS S. S. W. Vallejo; lat. 33^ 00' N., and long. llSO34'00" .^. San Cos.me, p. o., Kusk co., TcJc.: 219 m. N. K. Austin City. Sand creek, lud. : rises in the centre of Decatur niunty, runs S. W. through Jennings, and falls into the E. fork of While r., forming for the last 4 miles the boundary between Bartholomew and Jackson couulics. It is about 50 ndles in length, and for the greater part is a good null-stream. Its Indian name is Laque-ka-ou-a-nek, which means, "water running through sand." Sand Bank, p. v., Oswego co,, i\'i Y. : t.n the W. side of Salmon river, 133 m. X. AV. Albany. The ^\■atertowll and Borne U. B. passes near the village. SvNnuuEG, p. o., Sullivan county, X. Y.: 79 m. S. W. Albany. Sanhersvillk, p. v., an m. E. Milledgeville. ■ Ii eon- tains a court-house, jail, academy, and stores. The "Cen- tral Georgian"' (lit.) is issued weekly. Sandeksville, p. v., Chester district, iS'. Cirr.: S3 miles N. by W. Columbia. The King's Mountain B. ii. passes 2 m. E. of this place. Sand Flat, v., Yuba co., Calif: on the Yuba r., 123 m. X. E. Vallejo. Fertile country and good ndning. Sand Fort, p. o., liussell county, Alti. : (j'i miles E. Montgomery. Sanogate, t. and p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : S4 miles S. by W. Montpelier. Surface mountainous and broken. Drained by branches of the Battenkill. First settled in 1771. The t. coniaiiis several nulls. The Kutlaud and Wasluug- ton U. K. passes through its N. W. C(jrner. Pop. n5o. Sand Hill, p. o., Scotland couiuy, J/o. : on N. .side of N. Fabius r., 120 m. N. Jefferson City. Sand IIili£, v. and sta., Ilamillon co., jV. J<'i:: on the Camilen and Amboy R. E., iJS m. S. W. from Ni w Vork, and 20 m. S. E. Trenton. Sa^d Hills, p. o., liusk co., Tex.: 221 m. N. E. Austin City. San Diego county, Calif Situate S., being Uio extremq southern co. of tlie Slate, and contains about lu.iuiO sq. m. It is traversed centrally by the Coast liange Qf mounlains, and bounded by the Bio Colorado, and W. by the Pai-ific, along which the coast extends from 32*^ X. lal. to the month of Santa Anna river, and including several valuable islands. San Diego bay is a splendid sheet of water, ancl hits excel- lent harbors; and there are several other bays of minor im- portance. Its imlustry is eminently agrieultural, wilh some commerce, but no mining. Pop. in 1S52. 2,9-32; of which 537 were whites— 397 males and 140 females; negroes 7; domeslicate from Vallejo, It is on a wide and spacious hay, the S. shore of which is low and sandy. From the opposile .nide a narrow strip of shingle beach projects into the sea, forming a natural breakwater, having an entrance of not more than 300 yards wide, and is, with the exception of Acnpuico, tho T61 SAN SAN Qnest harbor on the Pacific. The r., which is small, is on a plain 3 m. from the anchorage, which is at the foot of the hills just inside the bay, and from which it is scarcely visi- ble. It was the first place occupied by the Spaniards in Upper California. There is a fort in the v., which is occu- pied by a IT. S. garrison. Coal is found in the vicinity. Population 700. San Diego bay, San Diego co., Calif. : makes up {torn the Pacific Ocean, 455 miles S. E. Vallejo, and is a good harbor. Sandises, p. 0., Amherst co., Virff. : 95 m. W. P.iehmond. Sasdisfield, t. and p. v., Berkshire CO., J//;ss. .• 103 miles W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven. Drained by Farmington river, which forms its E. boundary, and its branches, which afford water-power. Incorp. in 1736; first settled in 1730. The town contains 2 churches, several mills, and has woolen factories. Pop. of t 907. Saxd Lake, t. and p. v.. Eenssclaer county, JK Y.: 9 m. E. Albany. Drained by Poestenkill and Wynantskill creeks, and there are several small ponds in the town affording ex- c*'llent water-power. Surface hilly, but has fertile soil in tlie valleys. The v. contains manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, a furnace, a glass factory, several flouring, grist, and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of t. 2,55S. Sand Mocntain, p. o., De Kalb county, Ala. : 149 m. N. Montgomery. Sasdoteb, p. 0., Abbe\1llo district, S. Car. : 79 m. W. Columbia. Sasdown, t. and p. o., Eockingham county, N'. Ramp.: 27 m. S. E. by S. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by Squamscot r. The inhabitants are cliiefly engaged in agri- culture, but there are several mills. Pop. 566. Saxd Pkaikie. p. v., Kichland Co., Wise. : on the N. of the ■Wisconsin r., 64 m. W. by N. Madison. Saxd's Mills, p. c, Westchester CO., K. T.: Ill m. S. Albany. Sand Spkdjg, p. 0., Wood CO., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. Austin City. Saxdtowx, p. v., Campbell CO., Ga. : on the Chattahoo- chee r., S7 m. N. W. MilledgcviUe. Sandusky county, Ohio. Situate N., and contains 455 sq. m. Sandusky r. passes through it centrally, by which and its branches, and by Portage r., it is drained. Surface level, and in parts very low ; soil generally fertile. Agri- culture is the leading pursuit. Pork and beef are e.vporled in large quantities. Farms 1,891 ; manuf. 67; dwell. 2,437, and pop.— wh. 14,257, fr. col. 45— total 14,.305. Capittil; Fremont FuUic Wurki : Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleve- land K. P.. ; Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E. (direct line). • Sandusky, p. v., Cattaraugus county, JK Y. : on a fork of Cattaraugus cr., 244 m. W. by S. Alh.any. Sanpcsky City, p. v., port of enlry, and cap. Erie Co., Oliio : on the S. side of the bay ao called, fronting the open- ing into, and 3 m. from. Lake Erie, N. J E. Columbus. The V. is based on an e.\tenslve quarry of excellent stone, which hiis been used to a great extent as a building material in the city, as well as an article of export to other places. The ground on which the v. is built has a gradual rise from the water for about half a mile, thereby affording a fine view of the lake. The wharves are substantial and commodious, and, with the exception of a short time in the winter season, are thronged with steamboats and other lake vessels arriving and departing with travelers and merchandise. There are ehip-yards situated here, at which vessels and steamboats are built to a considerable extent. It is connected with Cincinnati by the Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E. 218 miles, and to Newark by the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. R. 116 miles distant, by which means a heavy transportation business is carried on with the interior and the Ohio river. Other roads arc projected, and will ere long be built, as the Lake Shore line, etc. From a detailed statement of the commerce of the port of Sandusky, and other places in the district, published in the 702 '' Commerci.al Reporter," the following statistics are com- piled, which exhibit a large increase in the business of 1S52 as^om^red with that of 1S51 : COMMZBCE OF SANDtTSKY CITY. Imports. Exi.orts. Tot.it Commeree. 1S52 $40,896,085 $19,759,514 $59,655,899 1851 13,917,564 4,755,729 18,673,293 Increase. $26,978,531 $14,034,055 $11,012,606 GOMIUEP.CE OF OTBES POETS OF DISTKICT ImportB. Exports. Tut;il Commerce. 1852 $4,176,321 $1,237,267 $5,413,5SS 1851 1,411,918 1,160,153 2,572,071 Increase.. $2,764,403. 7,114 $2,841,617 TOTAL OF SANDUSKY DISTKICT Inip'irti. Exporta. Total Commerca 1852 $45,072,406 $20,027,051 $05,099,457 1851 16,.329,4S2 5,915.882 21,246,364 Increase. $29,742,924 $14,111,199 $4.3,854,123 To account in part for this great increase, it is proper to State, that the exhibit of the commerce for 1851 did not in- clude money packages by express, which are included in that of 1852. The number of arrivals and departures for the same year, comparatively, were as follows: Arriv.-ils. Dep«rture3. Total. 1S59 3,242 3,250 6.492 1S61 1.998 1,990 3,998 Increase 1,244 1,260 2.494 The Sandusky District extends from Black river to Port Clinton, and has a co.ast line of 50 miles. The 8hip|)ing places are Vermilion, Huron, and Port Clinton on the lake, Ihe city of Sandusky, and Seneca within Sandusky bay, and Fremont, 36 miles up Sanciusky river. Tlie shipping owned in Ihe district in 1550 was 7,.32S tons. Tlie port has also some small intercourse with the British provinces. Sandusky was originally laid out in 1517 by two genlle- men from Connecticut, and the first dwelling erected in the fall of that year. The first church was built in lS3ii. It now contains the county court-house, jail, and other public buildings, several churches, an academy built of stone, tliree stories high, a large number of stores, several conimission houses, extensive machine shops, at which are manufactured iron for railroad cars ; two banks, printing-offices, hotels, and other establishments. A short distance back from the bay is a public square, around which are the principal pub- lic buildings and churches. On the whole, Sandusky is a well-planned and flourishing city, and raputly increasing in importance. There are five papers published here, tlie " S. Mirror," (dem.) daily and weekly, " Commercial Eegister" (com.) daily, " S. Clarion," weekly (whig), " Daily San- diiskian" daily (whig), and " The Gleaner" monthly (neul.) Pop. 5,058, which includes Portland. SANDtrsKY river and bay, Ohiv : the river rises in Eioh- land and Crawford comities, flows E, into Wyandot county, thence N. by meandering course into Sandu.sky bay. It is 90 m. long, and though a rapid stream, affi.rds good navi- gation at high water. In Crawford co. it is only 4 miles dis- tant from a head branch of Scioto r. The bay is about 16 m. long, and its average width .3J miles. It communicates with Lake Erie by a narrow strait Sanuwich. I and p. v., Bamstablo county, J/a.v«. ; on the isthmus of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod hays. Lat. (1st Cong, ch.) 41° 46' 31" N., long. 70° 30' 13" W. The V. on Cape Cod bay contains 4 churches, an acad- emy, and a very large glass factory, producing annually $300,000 worth of very superior glass. Here terminates tho Capo Cod Branch P.. E. from Middleboro' on the Fall Elver II. E., 28 in. ; distance by railroad from Boston C3 m. Tho SAN SAN "Sandwich Observer" (iieut.) is issudl weekly. In the t. there are ihree other v.. and in it a considerable quantily of sail is annually manufactured. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,7i9 ; in ISoO, 4.36S. Sandwich, t. and p, o., Carroll co., K. Ramp. : 46 m. N. Concord. Surface uneven and mountainous, with some fertile soil. Watered by Bearcamp r., flowing into Ossipee lake ania. Sandy Spring, p. v., Montgomery co., JA/. .• in the liilly region, W. of Patuxcnt r., 3o m. N. W. Annapolis. Sandy Spring, p. o., Fayette co., Tejin. : 163 m. S. W. Nashville. Sandyvili-e, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on Sandy cr., and on the line of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, 96 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 223. San Eleazario, p. v.. El Paso co., Tea: : on the Eii> Grande, 525 m. W. by N. Austin Cily. San Felipe, p. v., Austlr^co., T<.j.\: the cotmty seat, and formerly the capilal of the Brazos jurisdiction, on the W. bank of the Brazos r., and on the border of an extensive prairie, 103 m. E. by S. Austin City. Sanford, t. and p. v., York co., 3fe. : S2 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. Watered by Mousura r., wliich atronls water- power, improved by several large factories. The York and Cumberland E. E. will pass through the t. Pop. of t. 2,.330. Sanford, p. o., Ingham co., Mich. Sanfoed, t. and p. o., Broome co., JV! K .• 97 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of the Delaware r. Sur- face hilly, in parts mountainous; anil best adapted to graz- ing. It has several manufactories, mills, etc. The Krie E. E. passes througli the t., on which is Summit station, 194 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,,^0S. Sanford's Corners, p. o., Jefl'erson co,, N. Y. : 144 m. N. W. Alhany. San Francisco county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and contains 400 sq. m. It occupies a peninsula between the Bay of San Francisco and the Pacific Ocean. Drained by several creeks flowing into the bay; and the surface some- what hilly, with fertile valleys. San Franei^quita creek di\ides it frnm Santa Clara county. Gold in small quan- tities has been found in this creek, which rises in the Sierra Moreno, or Browh Mountains, rumiing along the coast, and iu some places 2,000 feet high, afTording protection to the valley from the coast winds. Coal has been discovered in the county, and there is excellent red wood in several local- ities. Soil rich and productive, and agricultural resources great, but undeveloped. Assessed value of property $17,794,711. Pop. in 1852, 86.151— whites 35,.531, negroes 323, mulattoes 141, Indians 159, and of the whites 19,3u3 are foreign residents — 34,S76 in the city. Capital ; San Fran- cisco. SAN SAN San FitANcisro, p. city, port of entry, and cup. San Fran- cisco CO., Calif.: on a narrow neck of land between the bay of the same name and the Pacific Ocean, fronting eastward on the bay, and having the ocean five miles on llic west. Lat. of the Presidio, 37° 47' 35" N., and lonj;. 12'20 26' 15" W. The year that gave birth to the great Weslern Kepublie on the Atlanti* shore also witnessed the first permanent set- tlement on the coast of California- In 1770, two Catholic missionaries— Francisco Palou and Benito Cambon— landed on the Bay of San Francisco, and proceeded to establish a central point for their operations in civilizing and Christian- izing the native tribes. Finding a fertile tract, capable of irrigation, near 2 m. 8. of the present cily, they cliose that for their home, and founded the Mission Dolores, a name commemorative of the sufferings of the Virgin. The mis- sions of San Jo3§, Santa Clara, San Raphael, and otjiers, were established subsequently, and were dependent on that of San Francisco. On the present site of the city a few houses were erected about the same time. This settlement was called Yerha Buena — "good herb," because a herb of that name, reputed medicinal and sometimes used as a sub- stitute for Chinese tea, was fonnd in abundance on the sur- rounding hills. The town retained this name until occupied by the Americans. All the buildings were of adobes. The presidio, three miles W, of the town, and near the entrance of the bay, was built about the same time for government purposes. Soon after its organization the mission flourished rapidly; the Indians learned to repose confidence in the padres, and embraced with avidity the new religion and many of the arts of civilization; they lived in small com- munities, and were occupied in tilling the earth and other employments under the direction of the missionaries. Some idea of the extent of the operations of the padres may be formed from the fact that there belonged to the mission at one period 20,otio head of cattle, 3,00i) horses, and 30,0ii0 sheep. In 1310 the number of Christian baptisms had reached 3,S96, and in 1S31, the period of greatest prosperity, the whole number had amounted to 6.SS3. From this date the mission declined, and the Indians were driven off by political disturbances. From 1S31 to 1S49 the numlx-r c.f baptisms was only 469. Of the entire list, it is computed that nine- tenths were Indians, and the remainder Californians or im- migrants and tJieir descendants, principally fnmi Mexico. In the mean time the town was slowly increasing, some im- portance being attached to it in consequence of the hides and tallow which it exported. In 1S39 it was laid out as a town by Captain John Yioget, the few houses being pre- viously scattered wiiluml regularity. In 1S45 it contained 150 inhabitants. About this time it began to attract the at- tention of some adventurous Ameriwins, and the pojjulatiun in'Tcased in two years to nearly 500. It was, in faet, an American settlement long before it fell a conquest to the United States. The bay on which the city stands extends S. of it some 50 m. parallel with the sea, from wiiirh it is only separated by a narrow stripof land, varying from 5 to 25 m. in breadth. The city is on Uie extreme point of this peninsula. Its site is handsome and commanding, being on an inclined plane half a mile in extent from the water's edge to the hills in the rear. Two points of land— Clark's Point on the N., and Kincon Point on the S., one mile apartr— project into the bay, forming a crescent between them, which fs the water front of the city, and which has already been filled in and covered with buildings f >r the extent of half a mile. Those points and the lofty hills, N. and W., upon which the city is rapidly climbing, afford a most extensive and pic- turesque view of the surrounding country. Standing on Telegraph Hill, to the N. of the city, and looking E., the spectator sees the spacious bay, 8 m. in width, crowded •with ships of all nations, and the fertile coast of Contra Costa beyond, with its new city of Oakland, behind which rises hill on hill, to the red wood forests on the summits — towering over the rest, the conical peak of Mount Diabolo, at a distance of 30 m. T

    02>. ulation. {Se^ article CiLifonNiA.) The city, as it now exists, is regularly laid out into streets and squares, and contains a vast number of wholesale and and retail stores, well built, many of brick, aud in its public buJTdings is not behind the majority of Atlantic cities in point of architecture and ornament. All is being built on a magnificent scale commensurate with the greatness of the golden lands of which it is the commercial depfit. Its facil- ities for shipping are excellent, and its anchorage safe and commodious. It would, however, bo useless to desciibo such a place; its daily progress and general advancement render such an attempt nugatory, as a description of to-day would give but a poor idea of its condition on the morr tw. To sum np its past and give its latest statistical returns is all that can be required. The city is governed by a mayor, aldermen, and recorder, and has various municipal courts, ill wiiich justice is regularly dispensed. The streets wliich so lately were mere s;ind-trnck.'*, are now paved and lighted, and in regard of its police an unparalleled eflleiency is maiiit:iinoit. There are many things in San Francisco, however, which would not be tolerated in New England; it has its gaming houses and swindling shops of every degree, and many of its hotels are absolute hells ; but these are the incidents of its peculiar situation. The receptacle of the " fast men"' of all countries, and the threadbare characters of the Atlantic States, it is only wonderful that it is not worse than it really is said to be. But this position of af- fairs can only be temporary, and will be gradually removed as a pernunient p(»pidation is attained. The corporation of San Francisco consists of a mayor, recorder, marshal, controller, treasurer, tax collector, cily attorney, street commissioner, three county assessors, county justice, constable, eight aldermen, and eight assistant alder- men. The police force consists of a captain, assistant eajv tain, and thirly-two men. Several of the heavy mi'reantile houses employ special policemen, maintained at their own expense, but clothed with authority by the mayor and mar- shal. The health department levies one dnlhir from each passenger landing by sea, which entitles the sick to ail mis- sion into the City Hospital free of charge for the subsequent six months. The general condition of the city in 1S52 may be gathered SAN SAN from llie Stale census of that year, and other returns refer- ring to other late periods. Total population— 34.ST6 ; of which 84,320 wore wliitos— 20.166 males, and 5,154 females; 312 were negroes — 200 nialcs, .and 53 females ; 132 were mttlattoea— 99 males, and 83 ft-niales; 12 domesticated Indians — 6 males, and 6 fe- male.i. Persons over 21 years of age — Americans, 11,371 negroes, 275, raulattoes, 103, and foreigners, l.'),937. The total rminljer of foreigners was 1S,SD4, of which 16,144 were males, ami 2,710 females. Statement showing the national character, number, and tonnage of vessels which arrived and cleared at San Fran- ei-^eii during the year ending 3l5t December, 1B52, and tlie countries of departure and destination : ENTRANCES. . American. Tntnl. Cnuiitrie* of ,_ , Peiiirture. C !I! ' '^ Z ' Veas, Tons. Tens. Ions. r.S.racilic Ports.... 1S3 .... 73,721 .... 154 .... 74,1.'>3 N.T7. Coaslof Amer.. 5 9S1 .... 13 .... 1.971 Mexico 23.... 4,803.... 77.... 13,085 Cenlral America 86 22,080 44 23.673 New Granada 64 .... 58,24S .... 75 .... 02.193 Peru 9 .... 1.671 .... 15 .... 2,7.54 Chile 17 .... 5,003 .... 105 .... 33,015 Society Islands 82.... 8.9-'3.... .39.... 6.250 Sandwich Islands.... 81 .... 6,058 .... 03 .... 9,730 Other Pacific Ports... 12 8,599 12 8,599 Philippines — .... — 2 .... 905 China 21 .... 11,527 .... 92 .... 47,204 Eastlndics 1.... 197.... 1.... 197 Australia 5 .... 1,582 .... 25 .... 7,211 France 1 809 .... 27 ... . 10,052 Spain — — 1 870 Belgium — .... — .... 1.... 16S Holland — .... — .... 6.... 2,405 Ilanse Towns — — 8 1,6S7 Portug.al — — 3 9MI Great P.ritain — — 40 18.280 U. S.Atlanlie Ports.. 152 ....12.8,770 .... 162 ,...12.3,770 All other Countries... 2 271 6 1,227 Total 594 ....317,202 .... 990 ....444,615 CLEARiSOES. „ . Amencnn. Tolnl. '"■"'"""°''- 'v.,,. ' Tom'. V«s. ' Ton,". TJ.S.P.acilic Ports.... 696 ...122,993 .... 696 ....122,993 N. W. Coast Of Amer.. 12 .... 2..898 .... 19 .... 8,219 Mexico 15 .... 8.694 .... 73 .... 1,5,052 Ccntrtil America -SO .... 2.3,587 .... 46 .... 26,179 New Granada 67 .... 67,733 .... 65 .... 60,822 Peru 13 .... 6,.507 .... 47 .... 23,209 Cllile 21 .... 7,485 .... 115 86,008 Society Wands 23 2,755.... 29.... 8,620 Sandwich Islands.... 47 .... 13,444 .... SO 17,875 Other Paeitic Ports... 27 .... 5,665 .... 42 .... 11,048 Philippines 18 .... 12,174 .... 24 .... 14,863 China SO .... 69,368 .... 137 .... 85,699 Eastlndies 32 .... 21,3(17 .... 63 .... 39,976 Australia 17 5,709 67 .... 15,104 France — — — .— — Spain — — — — Belgium — — — — Holland — .... — .... — .... _ Hanse Towns — — 1 160 Portugal — .... — — — Great lirittdn — — 1 519 XI. S. Atlantic Ports.. 24 .... 16,403 .... 24 .... 15,403 All other Countries . . 3 1,349 3 l,:i49 Total 1,121 ....361,106.... 1,523 ....491,678 The following table, taken from JTunVs '' Merchants' Mag- azine"' for May, 1853, though dilTering somewhat from the above, will nevertheless be most valuable on account of its showing the character of the shipping, both entered and cleared, at the port : ENTBANCE8, 1852. Ameri'.ftn. From foreign porta. Cliaracter. C<,;islwi,e. Amerii nn. foreign. Totil. No. Tons. No. Tons. No. lona. No. Tons. Sle.amers. 57. 46,046.. 69. .72,441. 1.. 389. .127.118,876 Ships . . . .139.110,055. .23. .16.275. 93. .,52,3'-2. .200.187,712 Parks.... 58. 17,686. .88.. 10,279.141 . .51,844.. 2.37. 79,Sil9 Brigs.... 64. 11.221.. 04.. 11,283. 113.. 19,783.. 240. 42.280 Schooners 26. 2,783. .53.. 6,660. 60.. 0.S93..139. 10,321 Total ..844 190,781 252 116,944 407 131,289 1,(I(J3 445,014 CLEARANOES, 1852. An CInirncler. Co. No. ericnu. For foreign ports ,lwi,e. American. Foreign. Total. Ions. Ko. Tons. No. Tons. No. Tons, Steamers. 90 57,7.58. 60. 68,511. 2.. 778. .158.127,047 Ships 22. 1.8,7.39.141.112.135. 93. .51,428. .256.182.303 Barks.... 48. 12,170. 74. 21.808. 184.. .52,577.. 256. 60.615 Brigs.... 92. 1.5,416. 64. 11,625. 107.. 18,477.. 263. 45,518 Schooners453. 29,434. 40. 6,545. 69.. 6.728., 65S. 41,6.57 Totttl ..705 133,507 391 219,644 405 129,9881,491 4S:),139 The following are the statistics of the arrivals from East- ern domestic ports during the year, with the ports from which they sailed, the tonnage, etc. : Wlience. Vessels. Tons. A v. passage. Boston, Mass 47 34,241 148i days NewYork,N. Y 99 83,339 1,50 " Philadelphia, Pa 7 2,8.39 101 " Baltimore, Md 6 1,890 179 " Frankfort, Me 1 199 156 " New London, Ct 1 135 185 '• P.ichmond, Va 3 2,007 1591 " The arrivals during the different months of the year were as follows : Momlis Ves. Tons. Av. days. Monllia Tes. Tons. A^ .(lavs. Jan. . 6.. . 6.941. .. 140 July. 13.. . 14,,«9.. 140} Feb.. 8.. . S.238. .. 145i Aug. 17.. . 12,424.. 148} Mar.. 7.. . 4,.557. .. 183 Sept. 13.. . 10,033... l.^OJ April 13.. . 10,207. .. 1371 Oct. . 27.. . 19,441.. 100 May . 11.. . 7,695. .. 149 Nov. 22.. . 15,877 . . 101 -June. 8.. . 2,8M. .. 129 Deo. IS.. . 12,2,85.. 158J The twelve shortest p,assage3 of the year were as follows : Name. From, D.aleofarr, Swor. I Fish New York Feb. 10 . Dm Boston , Flying Fish .... StalTordshire.... Sov. <»f the Seas. Comet Wild Pigeon.... -John Bertr.'ou . . Shooting Star " Celestial New York . Courier Boston . . . . Eclipse New York. Sea Witch " 92 " 15 98 Aug.l8 101 New Yorl; Nov. 15 103 " Jan. 18 104 " " 2S 104 Boston Mar. 20 li S ...Aug. 17. ...Feb. 17. ...Ap. 23. ... " 22. ...Dec. 9. . 105 . 107 . 108 . 103 . 103 The number of passengers arriving and clearing by sea at San Francisco, dm-ing the year ending 28th Dec, 1852, wjis as follows : t'n.-eniera. Arriving. Clearing. . 67.316 22,554 . 5,223 . 1,651 890 Males Females Children Total 64,190 22,946 — excess of arrivals 41,244. The arrivals overland and at other ports may be set down at 10,000, which would give- to the State an increase of upward of 50,000 in the year, irre- spective of natural increase. 765 cr SAN Subjoined is a statement of tlie number of vessels wli ich have sailed from the Atlantic States for California, each month, since the discovery of gold. Month 1S48. 18^t>, 18.10. 1851 1852. January - 33 S'2 26 U February - 64 6-3 11 20 March — 53 109 13 24 April - 21 69 8 16 May - 23 83 4 2S June - 34 32 5 28 July.. — 42 25 6 15 August — 60 26 4 27 Septeraher - 40 23 4 81 October 3 T4 81 10 34 November 6 105 41 14 26 December 11 S9 21 II - Total. 20 6T3 5S6 121 233 The amount of gold dust shipped by steamers from the port of San Francisco, during the year ending 31st December, 1S.'>2, was. according to a t.lble carefully prepared by Adams & Co., $15,587,803 ; of which $39,007,307 was destined for Now Yorii, $470,78:5 for New Orleans, $6,1)20,027 for Lon- don, $40,000 for Panama, and $43,636 for San Juan. The shipments for the several months were, $3,9(15,770 for Janu- ary, $1,770,122 for February, $2,173,304 for March, $3,467,293 for April, $5,470,923 for May, $3,570,266 for June, $4,119,509 for July, $3,619,929 fur August, $4,108,630 for September, $5,067,386 for Octeber, $5,253,499 for November, $4,056,172 for December. The amount of gold dust manifested and shipped by sail- ing vessels during the same time was $213,518 ; of which- $97,907 was sent to V.alparaiso, $23,611 to Hong Kong, $-17,000 to Cauton, $7,000 to Shanghae, and $39,000 to ports in China. The amount of coin manifested during the same time ■was $4.=)5.353; of which $185,061 was shipped to Ilong Kong, $13,000 to Wliampoa, $35,000 to Shanghae, $75,850 to ports in Chin.i, $33,433 to Valparaiso, $49,830 to Manilla, J4,n00 to Punta Arenas, and $71,000 to Honolulu. The total amount of gold dust and coin manifested and shipped on board steamers and sailing vessels during the year 1S.52 was $46,250,574. This, of course, does not show all the gold dust exported during the year, as many vessels are in the habit of taking large amounts abroad without noting them on their manifests. To obtain the actual export it would be necessary to add these unknown shipments, and also an estimate for the amount taken away in the hands of passengers. This last may safely be put down for the year at $10,000,000,showing a total export of gold from California during the year 1S53 of about $60,000,1100. The history of San Francisco since the American occu- pancy, is full of interest and instruction. Within the brief space of 5 or 6 years, it has risen from a comparatively small village, to a mighty city, commanding the trade of the world, and the destined port of a large moving population. The war with Mexico, which broke out in 1346, gave a first impulse to its commerce, by requiring the shipment of sup- plies for military purposes. In March, 1S47, there were in the harbor the extraordinary number of si.'C vessels— the in)ports f.ir the la-st quarter of that year amounted to $49,600, and the exports to $53,000. At this period, the number of inhabitants, exclusive of Indians, was 375, Eight months fciter, when a census was taken by the Board of School Trustees, the number exceeded 800, of which 60 were of scholastic age. Tliis increase of more than 100 per cent, in eight months, took place before the discovery of gold, and when California was sought merely for agricultural and commercial purposes. The first school-house was completed in Dec, 1847, and the town council passed a resolution, that '• not exceeding $400 be a-Hiroprialed to the payni.-nl of the teacher of the public sch.. .).-if this place, $200 to be paid at Uie expiration of the first six months, and $200 to be paid 766 SAN at the expiraliiin of twelve months, from the commencement of the school. This w.is tlie day f J' small things. Gold was a scarce article, except as a hidden tre.'isure. The first American school in California was duly opened on Monday, 8d April, 1S48. It appears that the early settlers were bent on reducing the town to the order and decorum of some Atlantic cities. Ordinances were passed in 1847 imposing a fine of $6 on any person allowing hogs to run at large, and a fine of $30 on any person discharging fire-arms within a mile of the public square. Complaints were even made in the newspaper, against the practice of smoking cigars in the magistrates' ofllce and other pubUo places. In January, 1847, an ordinance was published, directing that the name of Yerba Buena, as applied to the town, be changed to San Fr.ancisco, in all public documents and records. On the 13lh Sept., the first election was held, for six members of council. The number of votes polled was 200. The "steamboat" made its experimental trip on the 15lh Nor. of that year. This pioneer in steam navigation was a diminutive vessel, the name of which is not given. In April, 1847, a semi-monlhly mail was established to San Diego and other southward points. On the 1st of April next year, the "California Star Express" left by the overhind route. This formidable enterprise, the first regular convey- ance to the States, was announced to go through, as far as Independence, in 00 days. The postage on a letter was 50 eeiUs. Early in 1848, an excitement appears to have taken hold of the public mind, in regard to the supposed mineral treasures of the country ; but it is worthy of remark, that gold was the metal least thought of. The quicksilver mines near San J036 had long been known and worked. Copper was discovered somewhere, saltpetre and sulphor also, a quarry of limestone was opened, and coal had beea found near San Francisco. Silver it was said had also been discovered. To this metal, indeed, more than any other, was expectation directed, and people seemed to have an idea that the land was underlaid with silver ore. The first discovery of gold was made near Sutter's Fort, 30 miles from New Helvetia, in Dec, 1847, and by the ensuing spring, tlie " yellow fever" as it was facetiously called, had carried off the greater part of the population. Stores were closed, and houses left tenantless, and every thing wore a desolale and sombre look. Lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, and cooks, rushed in one motley assemblage to the mines. The newspapers ceased their issues. This suspension of trade and business, however, was soon succeeded by the most extraordinary activity. Adventurers from all nations, and merchandise of all kinds began to pour into the town, on its way to the mining regions. The forsaken buildings re- ceived a new tenantry, and the store-houses were in demand for mercantile purposes. In August, emigrants began to arrive at the rate of 500 a month, and in the middle of September, the harbor is described as crowded with ship- ping, the wharf lined wilh goods, and the street-s filled with a busy throng. In tiie first two months of the golden age, the amount of dust brought into San Francisco was eslimated at $250,000 ; and in the next two months, at $600,000. In Sept., 1S4S, an era took place in the history of the city: a square-rigged vessel— the brig Belfast, from New York, had arrived, laden with a valuable cargo. She hauled up at Broadway wharf, the only one accessible to such a vessel, and there discharged. No sooner was she known to bo laii'ling her cargo, than real estate rose 50 per'cent. A vacant lot on the corner of Washington ami .Montgoiricry streets, at that time bordering on the water, which had been offered frir $5,000 and refused, sold readily the very next day for $10,000, The first brick building was erected at the corner of Montgomery ami Clay streets, in Sept.. 1S4S. About this time projects Were started for establisliing a temperance society and a iyceum, but most persons thought that a theatre was most the suitable moral exptment ; a pro- position was also made to establish a hospiuU for miners etc. In November, at a public meeting, the Rev. T. D SAN SAN Himtwas elected ''chaplain for the city." At tlie elfclji'n ill Octuber, 1S43, loS votes were pnllcd ; in DfCciiibcr, IS-IS., Uie votLTs numbered 34", and in the August next year 1,519 votes were polled. In December, ISIS, the j>ul)lic school waa re-opened. la November, 1S4S, when the people re- turned from the mines for the winter, the effects of the gold discuvt-ry were most generally fdt. Lots that in the spring were sold at from $100 to $2,000, now raut.'ed from $1,000 to $15,000, and rents had quintupled. In February, 1S49, the popuialioa was estimated at 2,000. The duties collected at the custom-house in 1S4S were— Ist quarter. $11,931 ; 2d quarter, $S.S35 ; 8d quarter, $74,S27, and 4lh quarter, $100,430. The exports of merchandise amounted to about $1,000,000, and the imports of coin to about the surae amount, while the exports of gold dust for the last six months were $2,000,000, or something less than the quantity regularly exported every two weeks four years after. Tlie first fire, for which incidents San I''rancisi'o has bec^ime famous, occur- red in January, 1S49, burning the Shades Hotel, and in June, the ship Philadelphia was burnt in the harbor. On the 1st February erf" the same year the "Calilornia,'' the first steamship in the mail service, arrived. On the ISth of May arrived the ship Grey Eagle, of Philadelphia, having made the passage in 117 days — thus far the quickest passage. It was computtd that the number of emigrants in tl>e country In June of this year was 15,000, of whom U»e greater portion had debarked at this port. Sixty-four vessels were in the harbor. In the month of July there arrived by sea 3,614 souls. Some idea of the rapid march of the country in those limes may be formed, from the fact that, on a single day, the Isi July, there arrived 17 vessels with SS9 passengers. In August the population was computed at 5,000. The num- ber of arrivals during the ninntli had been 3,S95. In Sept., 5,802 arrived, and in October about 4,()00. The Baptists built the first Protestant house of worship in Califurnia. and dedicated it on the 5th August, 1S49. Central wharf was finished in the latter part of this year. In October a little iri>n steamboat was launched, and was placed on the route to Sacramento. On one of her trips she brought a number of salmon from Sacramento, which si'ld readily at $1 per pound, and some of the fish brought as high a price as $45. The steamboats M"Kim and Senator were shortly after put on the same route. All these vessels were crowded with passengers. An election to adopt (he constitution, and to choose Slate officers, was held on the 13ih November, when the number of ballots cast was 3,U)9, of which only 5 were in the negative. In the winter of 1S19-50 the business of San Francisco was almost suspended on account of the im- passable condition of tlie streets from rain, and in numerous instances persons are said to have perished in the mud. At this period the most motley population in the world was congregated in San Francisco, and tlie capricious taste of the citizens, in regard of dress, served to add to the ap- parent diversity. Every man had his own standard of fashion entirely independent of the rest of the world. As the female population increased, however, the costume of the men began to approach a more unifurm standard, and now, even the slouch hat, which so long distinguished the Californian. has given place to trim and formal modes from Broadway and Chestnut Street. In those days the humor of the people inclined them not in the slightest degree toward intellectual pursuits. Fr<»m the ninllitude of gam- bling and drinking houses, and the crowds that tilled them, one might have inferred that drinking was a universal habit, and that gambling waa a regular occupation of one- half of the people, and the niu'htly diversion of the other half. In the pmgress of civilization and reflneipent, during the winter two theatres were kept in operation, and a por- tion of the citizi'ns began to amuse themselves with con- certs, balls, dinner parties, and military suppers. The first rush homeward took place in this winter. Driven from the mines by the weather, many of the most fortunate adven- turers looked toward tlieir dislimt friends. All tickets for the steamers being taken, cxtraitrdiuary prices were offered for them— for steerage tiekels, the original est of which was $150, as much as $450 was frequently given. Thefir-^tof the scries of calamitous conflagrations that have marked the history of the cily, broke out on the 24lh Dec, 1S49, and consumed, in houses and merc!iaridise, jimperty valued at $1,(}IKI,U00. The tire of Nov., 1S52, buriu-d over a portion of tlR- same groun.l, but with less destruction. Early in I'sSO an express wagi in made its appeai-ance in the streets; ami in January of thie year, a curious incident trauspirvd. in the public sale of three females from Sidney, lo pay iheir passage money. They were sold fur five nir-nllis al ;Jl5 each— the captain of the vessels pocketing (he money wiih entire satisfaction. In March was formed the "Siraiiger'^ Benevolent Society," for the relief of the imliijient siijk. Fmm the 12th April, 1S49, to the 29[h Jan., 1S.'jO. a period of little over nine months, there arrived by sea at San Fran- cisco, 89,3S3 immigrants, of whom 1,421 were females. Of S05 vessels from which they landed, 4sT were American and olS foreign. In the year ending 15th April. 1S50. there had arrived ()2,000 passengers in G'Jo American and 41S fayab|e in twenty years, and provision was made to ri'deem a portion annually. The citizens co-operated (•arnestly in tlie movement, and submitted cheerfully to the inipositlcin of a heavy tax for the purpose. The credit of the city was at once restored, and the bonds rapidly approaehed to their par value. The transition from utter and nept-lcss bankruptcy to a bnsis of secure and permanent ci (.It and thai, too, after the drs^a*- trous Arcs of May ami ■Turn; 1S50, and the still nifire ruio- 707 SAN SAN 0U3 conflagrations of May and June, 1S51, which laid the city in ashes u second time, was rapid and extraordinary, oxiiibiling a degree 4>r energy and courage rarely met with in the liistory of municipal gnvernnienla. In the spring of 1S5II there were three daily papers published in the city, the "Alia Califorinan," the "Pacific News." and the "Jour- nal of Commerce." To these were added during the year, the •' Kvening Picayune," the " Herald," and ihe •'■ Cuurier." In less than a year after there were eight daily papers ex- isting in San Francisco. San Franc[SCO river, N". 3f^.: in the W. part of the Tc-rrilory, is formed by two principal head bran<-hca, and flows S. into Salt r., just above the coufiueuce of that stream with the Ilio Gila. San Frakctscjuita creek. San Francisco co., Calif. : rises in the Sierra Moreno, or Brown Mountains, runs eastwardly. dividing the co. from Sanla Clara, and empties into San Francisco bay. Gold has been found in small quantities in this creek. San Gatiriel, p. o., ■Willmmson county, Tex.: 85 m. N. Austin City. Sangamox connty, III. Situate centrally, and contains 936 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes through the N. E. jtortion, by which and its branches it is drained, and excellent ■water-power supplied. Surface undulating; soil a rich, calcareous loam, with sand intermixed, and very pro- ductive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine tim- ber land, and may be considered one of the rlclKst counties of the State. Farms 1,5TS; manuf. 92; dwell. 3.173, and pop.— wh. 1S,9S3, free colored 245— total 19,22S. Ctipltcd : SpringHeld. PuUicWorks : Great "Western Central E. II. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. E., etc. Sajs'gamon river. III. : one of the chief branches of Illi- nois r., rises in a small lake in Vermillion co., flows W. by changing course, and empties into the Illinois r. between Cass and Macon counties. It is about ISO m. long, of which about 120 m. are navigable for small craft. It flows through one of the most fertile and pleasant portions of the State. Sanoebfieijj, t. and p. v.. Oneida co., K Y.: 17 m. S. Oriskany Falls, and 86 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and Oriskany cr. Surface uneven ; soil rich and highly cultivated. The v. is near Oriskany cr. There Is in the t. a furnace and other manufactories, an oil, grist, and saw mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,371. Sangeuville, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J^Ie. : on S. side of Piscataquis r., 63 ra. N. N. E. Augusta. It has an uneven surface, with fertile soil, and contains 3 handsome ponds. Pop. 1,26T. Sangstee's Station, p. o. and sta., Fairfax co., Tirg. : on the Orange and Alexandria R. E., S3 m. N. llichmond. SANfLAC county, Mich. Situate E. of the S. Peninsula, and contains 730 sq. m. Drained by the Black and Cass rivers and their affluents. Surface generally oven ; soil fer- tile, and, with cultivation, adapted to the raising of wheat, grain, vegeta.ble3, etc. Lake Huron bounds it on the E. Farms 61 ; manuf. 27 ; dwell. 372, and pop.— wh, 2,112, fr. col. 0— total 2,112. Capital: Lexington. Sanilac Mills, p. o., Sanilac co., Mich. : 110 m. N. E. Lansing. San Jacinto, p, o., Harris county, Teas. : 152 m. E. by S. Austin City. Sa-n Jacinto river, Tex. .iBrises in "Walker county, flows S. S. E., receiving numerous tributaries, of which the prin- cipal one is East fork, and empties into San Jacinto bay, an arm of Galveston bay. It is navigable about 4o m., is very deep, and its water is very clear and wholesome. San JoAQPiN counly, Colif. Situate centrally, and con- tains about 11,600 sq. m. Drained by San Joaquin r. and its tributaries, Moquelumne, Calaveras, and Stanislaus rivers. Moquelumne r. on the N., and Stanislaus r. on the S., form its boundaries in those directions. The banks of these rivers are rapidly being settled. A large portion bor- dering on the San Joaquin and Moquelumne, consisting of 768 overflowed or " Tule** is being improved, but tliere is nmch land tliat can not be brought into cullivation without great labor. Game of all di-scriptions is plentiful on the plains. The rivers abound in fish, and many persons are engaged in taking and curing salmon. Oak is the ]>rincipal timber. Located in the heart of a valley hundreds of miles in length, this is one of the finest agricultural counties in Ihe State. Garden produce, melons, etc., are raised in abimdance. Mining is but little engaged in. On the Stanislaus the pla- cers average about $4 a day per man. The Indians have mostly removed to the mountains: those remaining, in all 379, are located in four pueblas, are perfectly (yiondly, and some cultivate the soil or work at the mines. Ferries and bridges have been est^J)lished over the rivers, and the means of travel are convenient in all parts. Pop. in 1S52, 5,029— wiiitcs 4,569— males 3,552, and females 9S7 ; negroes SI — males 60, and females 21 ; Indians 379— males 16S, and females 211 ; foreign residents 749— males 450. and females 299. Over 21 years of age— citizens of the United States, 2.451. male ni^oes 53, male Indians 125, and foreign resi- dents 516. Capital employed in the co., $2,S9(J,050. Capi- tal: Stockton. San Joaquin, p. v., San Joaquin Co., Calif. : on the r. so called, at the mouth of Stanislaus r., and opposite the city so calleispo is 9 nk "W. of the t. of the same name; that of San Simeon is 40 m N. "W. of San Luis, and there is a flue harbor known as the • SAN Morn. Kieh silver mines are foiiiul in tiie co.. ;iinl <-ripprr and irnn are supposeil to exisi, an'! a fine biluminotiy ei>at is fouuii near San Simeon bay. Tliere are many and larce bimmlnous sprin;?<, and a warm snipbur spring — ihe pana- cea of the natives — about 10 ni. S. of San Lnia Obispo. Lirae-roeli is plentiful. On the jilains, in the N. E. part of the CO., wild horses range in large ntnnbers. Uorticnlture is carried on to some extent. The vineyard of San Miguel is extensive, bnt nnieli neglected. The nnssion of San Luis Obispo, though in ruins, has slill remaining some fine olive, peacli, pear, tig. and apple orchards, and a small vineyard. Tlie capital invested in ranches and stock amonnterings — the panacea of the natives. San Marco, p. o., Travis co., 7!y'. San Marcos river, 'Jhn.: the principal tributary of Gua- dalupe r. Is a large stream rising in the S. E. corocr of Gillesj.ie county, and flows E. and S. E. to its confluence with the Guadalupe, near Gonzales. San Miouf.l county. A'. J&c. Situate centrally toward N., and immediately E. of Santa F4 Area 3,500 sq. m. Drained by the upper waters of Pecos and by Canadian rivers, which are here comparatively small streams. Sur- face elevated, and in the \V. mountainous, being traversed by tlie Jumanez range. Except on the rivers there is very little .agricultural land. Farms 177; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,731, and pop.— wh. 7,070, fr. col. 4— total 7,074. Capital : San Miguel. San Miguel, v., San Louis Obispo CO., Calif. : on the TV. side of Monterey or Salinas r., 71 m. S. E. Monterey and 15G m. S. S. E. from Tallojo. San Miouki. river, Tlai. .• rises by two head branches hi S. E. corner of Medina county, and flows S. S. E. through Bexar county, and empties into the Eio Frio near its mouth. San Nicot.as, v., Los Angelos co., Oilt/. : on the S. E. end of the island of San Nicolas, in the Pacific Ocean. 62 m. S. W. St. Vincent, in lat. 83° 14' 12.9" N., and long. 119° 25' 00" W., 839 m. S. S. E. Tallejo. San Pa;blo, v.. Contra Costa co., Calif. ; at the entrance of the bay so called. 15 ni. S. by W. Vallejo. San Pablo bay, Calif. : one of the norlhcrn divisions or arm of San Francisco bay, bordering on the counties of Contra Costa, Napa, Sonoma, and Marin. It receives the waters of Napa, Sonoma, and Pctalurna creeks. San Pasquei., v., San Diego co., Calif. : on the lino of the Santa F6 route, 45 m. N. of S. boundary of the Stale and 403 m. S. E. Vallejo. San Patricio county, Tot. Situate S., and contains 2,720 sq. m. Drained by West Aransas and other tributaries of Aransa-s r., and by branches of Uio Nueces, wJiich runs along its southern border Surface varied, in Ihe N. being undulating and broken and somewhat elev.iled, but in Ihe S. fine level tracts of land spreading over a large portion of the county. Along the streams are some strips of wood- land. Farms 10 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 8S, and pop.—wii. 197, fr. col. 0, si. .3— total 200. Capital: San Patricio. San Patricio, p. v.. and cap. San Patricio co., TeJp.: on the E. bank of Nueces r, ]ij6 m. S. Austin City. San Pedro, p. o., Houston CO., 7€x. : 171 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. 49 SAN Saw Pedro, v. and port, Los Angelos Co., Calif : on the bay of San Pef. : is a large i.-^land in the Paoifie w. The houses are built of adobes, one story high, with flat roofs, and in square form, with an area in the centre. There are two churches (Catholic) with steeples, but of ordinary construction. The mhabilants are chiefly a mixture of Spaniards and Indians, with a few Americans. Their manners and customs are those of the whole country, and similar to those of other settlements of Spanish origin. For many years this place has been the main point of trade in this region, and many of the companies engaged therein have amassed large for- tunes. In ISod two newspapers were published, ''The New Mexican," weekly, and '"Santa Fh Republican," tri-weekly. Pop. inlSSO, 4,S46. Santa Fe was founded about 15S1. Its history, with that of the territory, previous to belonging to the United States, is a (.'ontinuous record of barbarism and tyranny. It was taken by Gen. Kearney, on September Sth, 1S46. Santa Makia river, Calif: constitutes about one half of tlic boundary between Sant^i Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties, and is about 35 m. long. Santa Rosa county, Mor. Situate 'W.. and Contains 1,500 sq. m. Drained I>y Blackwater and Yellow rivers and CoM Water, Clear Water, and Sweet Water creeks. Escambia r. runs along its W. border. Surface level ; soil very fertile. Chief productions, cotton, rice, sugar, grain, fruits, and vegetables. Santa Uosa island runs along its S. shore, with inlets N. and S. to the soun*!. Farms 91 ; manuf. 2S ; dwell. 526, and pop.— wh. 2,095, fr. col. 4, si. 7S4— total 2,5S3. Capitol: Milton. Puhlic Wo7-ks: Fort Gaines and Pen- sacola It, R. ; Montgomery and Florida R. R.. etc. Santa Rosa island, Calif. ; 13 m. S.W. Santa Cruz island, 36 m. S. by W. SantJi Barbara (Santa Barbara co.), and 273 m. S. S. K. Vallejo. Santee, p. o., Covington co., J//«s. ; on a tributary uf the Paai-agoula r., 62 m. S. S. E. Jackson. Santke river, S. Car. : is formed at S E. comer of Rich- land CO. t>y the junction of the Congaree and Wateree rivers (the liead htreanis of which rise in North Carolina), flows E. S. E., and t'mptics into the Atlantic by two mouths. It is navigable for sloops about 130 m. Santyam city. Liuu ci\, Oreff. : ut the confluence of San- t>am r. with the Willamette, and about equidistant between Salem and Albany. Sanvkkl island. Fl^r.: lies off N. E. corner of Monroe CO., is 9 m. long and 2 m. wide. Sapelo island. Ca. : is K. of M-Intosh co., to which it bo- longs, between Sapido soun'iW('r. :in'l the soil alnna; iis Ijatiks is rich ami MI.-1I cuiriviuc'd. The surface is hilly atul mountaiiir<-ihL-r form one body of warer. Tiieir oiillel from the lower lake is by Saranac r. The length of the upper lake is 10 m., that of the lower % m., and ihe width of each is from 2 to 3 m. Kound lake is about 4 ni. long, and mostly 3 m. wide. Each abounds with m.ut and other fish. Sakanao river, JT. 1'. ; rises in lower Saranac lake, flows m N. E. iiener&l course, and empties into Cumberland bay of Eake C'hampiain at Phiilsburg, where it desceniis 40 feet by a suc<-ession of lalls, airordmg very great walcr-power. Saratooa couniy, X }'. Siluale E. toward the N., and contains 7w sq. ni. Drained by Sacandatra and Moliawk rivers, tributaries of the Hudson, an-l Fish and Kayaderos- ser;is creeks. Surface various, in the JJ. W. bein^ mount- ainous, and in the S. E. and central parts hilly, with sanrines so much re.sorted to in the watering season. Farms 3,460; manuf. S49; dwell. 7,S94, and pop. — wj^ 4o.000. (V. col. 5S(i — total 45.G4*',. Cop- itiil: Ballslon. PiiJAlc WorA'^: Saratoga and W;i*hington E. K. ; Schenectady and Saratoga U. 11.; Troy and llens- eelaerU. R, ; Albany Northern 1^ K. ; Saratoga and Sack- ett'sUarb.T i:. E. Sap.ato«a Spiungs, t, p. v.. and sta., Saratoga co., JV. }'; 3G m. by railroa'l N. Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into Kayademsserascr., which bounds it on the S. Surface on the N. hilly, elsewhere level ; soil santly loam. Il contains some manufactures, a number «*f mills, niechainc sliops, etc. Tliia is tlie most cch-brated watering- place in the United Stales. Locatefl closely together are a number of mineral springs with various propertiis, princi- pally medicinal. The v. on the K. is loc:itcd on a sandy plain, surruumled in part by pine groves. Its principal street is upon the W. margin of a n.arrow vale, in which the springs are founrl. On this broad street the princijKil hotels, cluft-ches.and other public ediliccs are located. The hotels, etc, are numermis, and some of them large, and fllted upon a graml scale; the UniU-d Slates is the most conspicuous, being located within a short distance of all the principal mineral springs; it is built of brick, four stories faigh, with ample accommodations for 400 persons. Con- gress Hall and Tnion Hall, both popular establishments, are on the S. of the v., near Congress Spring, the most copi- ous and most salubrious of all the springs in Saratoga, It was discovered in 1792 by a member of Cnngrcss named Gillman; the Pavilion, on the site of a spring so called, near Ihe Flat Ilnck, i^.surnumded by highly cultivated grounds, ami as is the ca-^e wiiii a nainb.r of other.-*, is only kept open during the aumnicr nionlhs for the accommoda- tion of visit^trs. A number of other hotels and boarding- houses are kept open throughout the year. ^ligh Eoq^and * niaclc Rock springs were first discovered in 1773, bi-ing then the resort of invalids ; and now there are 10 or 12 im- portant mineral fountains, most of them located neat the margin of a bcooU which runs through the v. on the E., in whose waters the mineral elemenis of .toda, magnesia, lime, and inm. with others of no less volume, ore combined, in different proportions, with carl-onie aciil gas. The pre- vailing charflcier is that of saline and chalybeate waters. Omgress, Washington, rulnatn's. ravilion. Iodine. Hamil- ton. l-:mp!rc. Flat liock, and High Eock springs are the most celebrated for their meiiicinal qualities. Loiaied east of Saratoga Springs is a cluster of mineral i*priugs known as "Ten S|irings." the most celebrated of which is called Union Spring Largequantitiesof these writers arearmiiaily e.\pi'rlerivate individuals. The waters are highly efficacious in ninuy inveterate cases of disease, and has an effect on the heaUliy system to rcnov,ate and invigorate its energies when relaxed frmn long confinement, etc. Their medicinal properties are of the cathartic and tonic kinds. The following is an anal- ysis of several of the springs, taken from a work by Dr. R. L. Allen, a physician resident at Saratoga: Congress 6'prtiig.s. — To one cubic gallon; chloride of sodium, grs. 39U.'24G; hydriodate of soda and bromide of potassium, 6.1111(1; carbtinate of soda. 0.213; carbonate of magnesia, lOt>.9Sl; carbonate of lime. 1U3.416; carbonate of iron, l.uuO; siiex and alumina, 1.036; solid contents, G11.S92; carbonic acid gas, 3S<>.1SS ; atmospheric air, 3,201. Gaseous contents, 3'"9.440. Ihgh Rock Spring.— To one gallon: chloride of s.xlium. grs. 190.223; carbtmate of magnesia, 62.100; car- bonate uf lime, 71.533; carbonate of soda. 2.177; silex and alumina, 2.500; h>drobromate of potash, a sni;dl quantity. Solid content-s, 351.197. Carbonic aciil gas, 831.600; aln.os- pheric air. 2,000. Gaseous eota.sh, a trace; silex and :dnmiiia, 1 500. Solid contents, 370.5s7. Carbonic acid g;is. 317.753 ; atmos- pheric ;iir, 3.0S(t. Gaseous contents, 320.833. Ternpi-rature 4S^. Iodine Spring. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 147.0i»5: carbonate of m:ignesia. "3.:^4S; carlionate of lime, 2S^P55: carbonate of soda, 3.000; carbonate of iron, 9'i0; hydriodate of soda, 3.566. Solid contents, 257.434, Carbonic acid gas. 844.000 ; atmosplieric air, 2.500. Gaseous contents, 3.465. "The freedom of this water from iron is such thai it can be drank by a certain cUiss of itn alids, with whom iron proves a decided injury.'" PomHon Spring. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 1S3.8I4; carb..nate of soda, O.iiOO ; carbonate of lime, 59.593 ; carbonate or mag* nesi.i. 5S.206; c-arbonate of iron. 4.13::3 ; iodide, sodium, and bromide of poiassa. 2.566; sulphate of soda. 1 000; alumina, a trace; silex, 1,00(1. Solid contents, 316.378. Carbonic acid. 369.166; atmospheric air, S.333. Gaseous cont*'nts, ;i72.499. EmjiireSpring.—To one gallon: cldoride of so- dium, grs. 215.756; bi-carl>ouato of lime, 24.67S; bi-carbon- ate of magnesia, 113.459; bi-carbonatc of soda, 33,584; hydri.Hlate of jiotassa, 9.600; iron, 0.500; silex and alumina, 1.800. Solid contents, 399.S77. Carbonic acid gas, 260.132; atmospheric air. 3.314. Gaseous contents, 268.466. Tlie Troy, Whitehall, and Ciistlcton U. K., Saratoga and Schenectady U. U.. and the SaraUiga and Washington R. R., all connect in this village Distance from New Yr.rk city 771 BAR SAV by R. ly 18^ m., fVom Troy 22 m., from Schenectady 22 m., fud flfcim KullarfH, Verm., 39 n^Ues. The village was incor- porates in is-je, and contains an insurance office, a bank, an academy and female seminary, and other institutions of instruction, iron foundries, machine shops, an exten- eive carriage manufactory, printing-offices, etc. The ''Sar- atoga Whig" is a daily and weekly (whig) issue, and 'th« " Saratoga Kepublican"' weekly (dem.) Pop. of t 4,650. Sarcoxie, p. v., Jasper co., Mo. : on the &. side of Centre cr., 145 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. Sahdixia, t and p. v., Erie eo., JT. T. : 252 m. W. Albany. Drained by Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on the S., and several small streams flowing into it. Surface uneven, in parla hilly; 'soil fertile. The v., on a small stream in S. part, contains flouring and saw miUs, a Woolen factory, and furnace. Pop. of L 1.761. Sa^inia, p. o., Decatur couDty, I)id. : 43 m. S. E. Indianapolis. S.4RDINIA, p. v., Brown CO., Ohio: on S.'wde of White Oak cr., 74 m^S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 198. 8AEDI8. p. o.. Mason co., Etj. : 72 m. N. E. Frankfort Sardis, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 99 miles E. i S. Columbus. Sarecta, p. v., Duplin co., 2^\ Car.: on the E. side of N. E. cr. of Fear r., 72 ra. S. E. Ealeigh. Sarf.pta, p. T., Lafayette co., 3fiss.: on a branch of Yal- labusha r., loS m. N. N. E. Jackson. Saeietfa, p. o., Marion county, Virff. : 1S9 m. N. "W. Eichmond. Saevees VILLI!, p. o., Butlcf CO., Fenn^ : 161 m. "W. N. "W. Harriaburg. Sassafras river, Md. : rises in Delaware, and flows W., between Cecil and Kent counties, into Chesapeake bay, of which its principal portion is properly a broad inlet Sassafras Hill, p. v., Washington co., III. : on the W. side of Little Crooked cr., 93 m. S. by E. gpringfleld. Satartia, p. v., Yazoo c^, Miss. : on a sma:il stream flpwing into the Yazoo r., 33 m. N. "W. Jackson, Pop. about ISO. Satjcelito, v., Marin co., Calif. : on the bay of San Fran- cises', near the entrance to the harbor, 27 m. (direct) S. W. Vallejo. This place was laid out by a company of enterpris- ing men, on the ranches uf W. Richardson, Esq. It has one of the best anchorages to be founcks-250 feet long and 60 feet wide, the whole length to be one mile, so that the navigation of the lower lakes may pass readily these falls into Lake Superior. SAirst>Ei'j3viLLE, p. V., Vandefburgh co., Intl.: on the Evansville and Illinois R. E., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It is a small but neat village, and has a fine agricultural country surrounding it SArNDEESTiLLE, p. o., WorcestcF CO., Ma^s. : 145 ra. W. Boston. Sauqitott, p. v., Oneida co., iV! K ; on both sides of Saa- quoit cr., 81 m. W. N. W. Albany. The water-power is good, and is much improved by manufacturies. mills, etc. In the vicinity is an inflammable sulphur spring, the waters possessing valuable medicinal qualities, and the gas which escapes is used fur lighting the public house, which is located near by. . Sadta, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on a small cr. of the Tennessee r., 157 ra. N. Montgomery. Savaqk, p. v., Howard county, Md. : on the Little Fa- tuxcnt r., nnd on the Washin^rton Branch R. U., 20 m. N. W. Annapolis. There are extensive iron works in tlie vicinity. Savage river, Alleghany co., Md, : a large stream drain- ing the valley between Hoop Pole Mountain and Great Savage Mountain, from both of which it derives iis waters, and falling into the N. branch of the Potomac r., about 2 ra. W. of Lonaconing cr. Monro Eun, Middle fork, and Crab- tree cr. are its principal aflluenls. The Baltimore and Ohio E. R. takes the course of this stream to the junctkm of Crab- treo creek. SAV SAV Sat^e Grant, p. o., Wajne co., Tlrff.: 275 ra. W. by N. Eichmond. Savannah, p*. v., afed cap. Carroll co., Iff. : on thf bank of the Missi-fsippi r., '27 m. below Galona, 15S ni. N. by W. Springfield. It ooiitiiins a court-house, jail, etc.. and it is the termhius of ih'^ f^avannah and Frankfurt U. E. Savannah, p.1fc, and cap. Andrew co.. Mo. : 3 ra. N. of the Mis-ionri r.. and HiS m. N. W. Jetferson City. It con- tains a courl-iionse, jail. etc. Savannah, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Chatham co., Ga.: itn die S. side of the r. of the same name. IS m. from the ocean, and in a direct line 15T m.,or by railroad 1S7 m. E. S. E. Milk-dge ville. Lat. 3-20 04' o6" N., and long. 8P US' IS" W. Its site is on a dt^'sand blutf, elevated some -f) feet above tow-water mark, from M. to W., extending: along Ilie river upward of a mile, terminating abruptly al either e.v- tremity. Opposite the city, lies Hutchinson's Island. The ordinary eb-valion of ihe tide in the Savannah r. is about S feet, and the salt water approaches usually wiibin 4 or 5 m. of Ihe city. In its course to the ocean Ihe river is diWded inlo numerous channels by small marsh islands. The bar :it ils ninuih is the deepest and most accessible of any on the Southi-rn Atlantic coast, and its channel is from a half to three-fourths of a mile wide. The average deptli is 19 feet al low water, and hence with a full tide a frigate may pass in saffiy. Just inside of the bar is Tybce Inland, abreast of which, about 4 m. from the bar, is good anchor- age in 5 or 6 fathoms of water. From this anchorage to Venus' Point, 9 m. from the city, there is a deplh of IS feet; from the "■ Point" lo "Five Fathom," 2\ m. from the city, there is a depth of 17 feet, and thence to the city, a depth of 15 feet. The Savannah innavigable for steamboats of mod- erate draft to Augusta, 230 m. above its mouth. The port of Savannah has several light-houses, which are noted in the List of Light-housks. Savannah, as a city, is one of the healthiest and most beautiful on ihe Southern coast. It is laid out ^^^Ih regular- ity, Ihe streets crossing each other at right angles, and having between every second street a public square ; these, about IS or 20 in number, are generally inclosed and orna- mented with shade trees, and many of the streets are orna- menled in the same manner, which gives them a beautiful and rural appearance. The present dimensions of ihe city are about a mile by three-quarters of a mile. The number of dwellings in the city is about 2.000, chiefly of wood, but the warehouses and stores, in number about 400, are almost without exc'-ption brick buildings. This preponderance of wooden structures had exposed the cily to several serious conflagrations: the year 1S20 is memorable for the destruc- tion by Are of 463 buildings, which with their contents were valued at $400,000; but since this event brick has more generally been used as a building material. The ware- houses are ranged along the river front, 3 or 4 stories high toward the river, accessible to the lower story from the wharves, and to the upper stories from the city. Among the public buildings, the most conspicuous are the Cnurl-house, Jail, Custom-house, Exchange, Arsenal, United Stales Barracks, Cily Hall, a marketrhouse, several hospitals and asylums, a theatre, etc. The Exchange is a heavy Gothic structure, 5 stories high. The new Custom- house is in length 110 feet, deplh 52 feet, and in height, from the pavement to the ridge of the roof, 52 feet. The base- ment story is devoied to the postrofHce and the iipprai&er's department; the first or principal floor for custom-house purposes, and the third or upper floor for United Slates court-rooms. There are four banking institutions in Savan- nah— the Hank of the State of Georgia, capita! $750,000; the Planters' Bank, capital $5.35.4'i0; the Marine and lu- suranee Bank, capital $40u.0ii0, with privilege to incre.ise it to $800.1100; the Central Kailroad and Banking Company, capital $2,549,165. (if which $205,000 is devoted to l)anking purposes. The toUil banking capital of these institutions, appropriated to the trade and commerce of Savaunab, is $1,890,400. There is also the Savannah Institution for Savings. Fourteen foreign insurance companies have agencies in Savannah. The churches of Savannah, numbering in all 14 or 15, are many of ihcm handsome structures. The Independent Prcsl.yicrian^hurch is one of the most splendid buildings of the city; it is built of light-colnred granite, and cost $10<',000. The Episcopalians have 2 churches, the Koman Catholics 2, of which that of SLJohn the Baptist is llie metrnpnlitan church of the diocese ; and the Meibodists, Lulbcrans, Unitarians, and other principal denominations have severally places of worship. There is also a Mariner's Church and a JeWs' Synagogue. Savannah, in all that appcriainsto Ihe education of youth, is not behind her sister cities. It is true, i)ub1ic education has not received that attention it lias in many other places, still she has always had a respectable number of private seminaries, and has sent to institutions in other parts of the Slate and country hundreds of her youth of boih sexes. Much, however, can be done for public education; but Savannah is no location for large institutions of a scholastic nature, which are well supplied by more eligible inland towns. The ncwsp.aper press of Savannah consists of three dai- lies and one weekly. The dailies are the "Georgian" (dem.). the "Kepublican'' (whig), and the "Daily News'" (indepl.); and the weekly is the " Friend of the Family" (literary). The circulation of these varies from 800 lo 1,200 copies at each issue. According to a census of the cily, taken in 1852. the total population amounted to 18,301 souls, distinguished into castes and sexes in the following proportions : Castes. Mnlesi. Fsmnle^. Tola!. White persons 6,551 5,053 12,204 Colored persons, free. 24S 376 624 slave 2,205 3,263 5,473 Total .'J,(KI4 9,297 1S,301 The number of inhabitants, according to the federal census of 1850, was 16.060, and an enumeration, made in 1^48. showed Ihe population to be then only 13,575. In- crease from ]S4rS lo 1850, 2.485, or 18.3 per cent, ; and in- crease from 1S50 to 1852, 2.241. orl8.9 per cent.; and increase in Ihe four years ending 1S52, 4,726. or 84.S per cent. The decennial progress of the city from ISIO, has been as follows : Years. ISIO Total Population. 5,195 7,52.3 7,77<; 11 214 Absolute. Relative. 1S20... ISSO. . . isto... 1S50... ....2,32.S.... .... 2.'>3.... 3.4;3S 44.8 S.4 4-12 16,060 ....4,S4G..,. 43.2 The city is divided into 26 wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen, annually chosen by Ihe people, who, together, are st)led the Cily Council. The police con- sists, besides the above, of a marshal, 5 constables, and the city walch, consisting of 64 members, with a captain and oiher officers. A Board of Heallh, consisting of two persons from each ward and district, is appointed hy the mayor, on the 1st of Way of each year. All subordinate officers are chosen by the Cily Council. The occupations of the citizens comprise almt>st every callingfound in largecities. The enumeration of 184S clas- sifies the male aer meiu*urers, 6 clothing stores, 13 connected with steam and cotton presses, 2 lottery offices, 3 sailors' board in g-housQ 773 SAV SAV keepers, and 1 of the siiilors' home, aud 164 laborers, 50 plaulers, ll master builders, 1 marble and stone raanufao- turer, 3S0 niecliani(», 15 ministers of the gospel, 4 judges of courts, 86 physicians, 31 attor*e) s-al-law, 6 U. S. army and naval officers, 24 U. S. civil officers, 1 civil en;j:ineer, 30 engitieers, 15 teachers, 5 teachers of music, S magistrates, 7 county officers, 27 boot and shoe mat;ers, 14 printers, 3 booksellers, 8 watchmakers and jewellers, 18 painters, 6 manufacturers of lin-\vure, 3 etlitors, 4 dentists, 2 artists, 4 brickmakcrs, 3 dyers, 7 cigar-makers, 4 public stables, 6 bar- bers, 1 soap and candle manufacturer, 1 engraver, 9 bar- rooms, 4 watchmen at banks, 5 saddle and harness makers, 6 millers, G lumber and wood yards, 9 steamboat yards, 4 V. S. soldiers, 9 constables, 12 city officers, 2 ice-houses, 1 keeper of hospital, a jailor, and a deputy, 70 connected with the city watch. Of the colored population, 34 free, and 73 slaves, were mechanics, 3 free and 5 slaves butchers, 5 free and 1 slave barbers, 2 free and 4 slaves engineers and pilots, and 3 free preachers. From the aboje returns, it will be seen that Savannah is well represented in all the great departments of industry — at least two-thirds of the population are immediately or re- m('tely coimected with the commerce and trade, and tlie greater part of the remaining Uiird with her manufactures and mechanic arts. Tlie learned professions are also amply represented. Only 164 persons among the whites are noted as laborers, while among the colored 129 only are other than laborers and servants. Savannah is one of the great commercial cities of the South, and as a market for cotton, rice, and lumber, ranks among the first Its exports of cotton for the years 1S51 and '52, ending 1st September of each year, were as follows : 1&SI-52. isfifl-.l. Sea Islnnd. Uplantl, Sea Island. UplMiid. Liverpool 6,0.52 . . 96,364 . . 7,410 . . 122,22S Other British ports 501.. 6,461.. 397.. 7,103 Total Great Britain . 6,558 . . 102.S2o . . 7,807 . . 120,.336 Havre 1,052.. 11,541.. 690.. 10,546 Other French ports ... — . . — . . — . . 590 Total France 1,052.. ll.,541 . . 690.. 11.186 Other foreign ports.... — .. 2,483.. — .. 4.6VS Total foreign ports. . 7,605 . . 116,849 . . 8,497 . . 145,1.50 Boston 108.. 80.291.. 205.. 22,632 Providence — .. 3,074.. — .. 1,638 New York 2,427 . . 145.877 . . 2,599 . . 118,S2S Philadelphia — .. 17.951.. — .. 10,835 Baltimore & Norfolk.. — .. 4,527.. — .. S.366 Charleston 1,121 . . 17,638 . . 341 . . 3,30S Other U. S. ports — .. 5,600.. — .. 40 Total co.Tstwise 8,656 . . 224,958 . . 8,145 . . 160.642 Total foreign ports. . 7,605 . . 116,849 . . 8,497 . . 145,150 Grand total... 11,261 341,807 11,642 805,792 The following exhibits the number of bags exported in the past years, commencing 1S42 : Yeara. Foreign Piirts. Coastwige. Total, 1842 142,886 ' 79,863 222.254 1848 193.099 87,727 280.826 1844 180,964 113.611 244.575 1845 182.073 122.471 304.544 1S46 77,852 lilS.454 186,306 1847 119,321 114,830 234.151 1848 127,760 ....... 115,473 243,238 1849 — — _ 1860 — — _ 1861 158,647 16S.7S7 817.434 1852 124,454 228,614 863,063 774 The export of rice in tierces for the List twelve jears, has been as follows ; Years, * Tierees, 1S40-47 31,789 1847-43 80,136 1841-49 87,.34S 1849-50 ., 42.792 1850-51 35,602 1861-52 ..'. 39,929 Years. Fe«t. 1846-47.... .... 10,7.31,383 1847-48.... .... 16.419.,i5S 1S4S-19 .... .... 15,.3S0,800 1&19-50.... ....17,719,100 1S50-51 1T,7&1,300 lti51~52 25,503,500 Yeara. Tierces, 1840-41 23,5S7 1841^2 22,005 1S4'2-13 26,263 1&43-44 2S,543 1S44-15 29,217 1S45-46 32,147 The lumber business has rapidly increased within the few last years, ami it will be seen from the annexed table that ihe expnrte for the last-named year have exceeded those nf any previous one by aeveral millions of feet. There are six large steam saw-milla ia the immediate vichiity of the city : I'eara. Feet. 1S40-41 14,275.200 1S41-42 3,390.400 1S42-13 7,519,550 1S43^I4 6.933,351 1S44-45 S,270,5S2 . 1845-46 1S,5S5,&W The foreign commerce of the collection district of which Savannah is the port of entry, for the year endins; .Tunc 30lh, 1S50, is thus summed up in the U. S. Treasury Keport. Value of exports $7,551,943, and of imports $636,964. En trances, IIS vessels, 57,017 tons and 1,940 men in crews; and clearances, 141 vessels, 72,563 tons and 2,2S5 men in crews. Tonnajje of the district 19,931 tons, of whieli 10,437 tons were employed in foreig^n trade and 9,296 tons in coast- ing. The steam tonnage was 6.4T3 tons. The steam ma- rine in 1S52, according to the returns of the IT. S. inspector, amountt-d to 27 vessels, 5.750 tons, of which 12 were high- pressure vessels and 15 low pressure, which report indicates a decrease in the steara marine. The number of vessels built in 1S51J were 5 (3 iK'ing steamboats), measuring to- gether 6S4 tons. As the foreign commerce of Georgia all centres at Savannah, the progress of the commerce of Georcria, as exhibited in the description of the State, will also be that of Savannah. The commerce of the city has thus become of great mag nitude, and its g^o^vth of late years has been more rapid than previously. The developments that are now making of the resources of the State, together with the increased facilities for transporting the products of the interior to this one seaport must insure a more rapid increase of business for the future than has occurred during any period of the past. The port has regular communication with Florida on the S. and New York on the N.. and other points by steam navigation. To the interior, the Savannah r.. on which nu- merous steamboats are constantly plying, and the great line ot railroad reaching into Tennessee and Alabama, give it facile access, and bring down to it for exportation an im- mense tonnage. Another railrojid is being built to Albany, on the Flint r. ; and the Savannah and Ogeechce Canal has been thoroughly repaired. These will give it greater facil- ities than it has ever enjoyed, and open to its commerco the products of wide regions hitherto beyond its reach. [Ttstorical Noticfs of SavannaJi. — ^The first settlement of Savannah was made in the month of February. 1733, by General Oglethorpe and some 30 families. On the 7th of July fitllowing, the settlers assembled on the strand (the bay) for the purpose of designating the lots. In a devo- tional service ihey united in thanksgiving to God '-that the lines had fallen to them in a pleasant place, and that they were about to have a good heritage." The wards and tithings were then named, each ward consisting of four tilhings, and each tithing of ten houses, and a house and lot was given to each freehMlder. Altera dinner provided by the governor, the grant of a Court of Record was read, and the officers were appointed. The session of the magistrates was then held, a jury impanneled, and a case tried. This SAV SAW jury was the first impanneled 5n Georgia. The town w;is governeJ by three bailiffs, and had a recorder, resrisler. and a town courtv^ holdfH every six weeks, where all ni;ittcrs, civil and criminal, were decided by grand aiul pt-tit juries as in Kngland. No hiwyers were allowed to plead lor hire, nor altorncys to take money, but (as in old times in En- gland) every man could plead his own cause. In Octobr-r, 1741, the government of the colony was eliangod from bail- iffs to trustees. In 1750. the number of whitt- p(?rsoris in Georgia was computed at about 1,500. The first royal gov- ernor of Oeotgia. John Reynolds, Esq., arrived iti Savan- nah in Oct.. 1754-. The first printing-press was established in 17G3, and the '• Georgia Gazette" printed on thi^ 7ih April oflhatytar. In 17G6. the city consisted t)f40ii dwelling houses, a clinrch, an independent meeting-house, a conncil-Iiou^e. a court-house, and a filature. In 1770. the city extended rIy-one re.*cnl dep6t of the Central It. R. On the 1 1 (b July. 1 7S3. Savannah was formally given up by the British to the Americans. The first session of the Legislature of the State was held in Savannah in Januar\', 17S4, in llie brick house now stand- ing in South Broad Street In December, 17S0, a law was passed by the legislature making Savannah a city. The first mayor (elected in 1790) was John Iloustouu. In Nov.. 1796. the first destructive fire occurred in Savannah. It broke out in a bake-house in Market Square, and destroyed 229 houses, besides out-houses, etc. Estimated loss of i)n>p- crty, $1,000, 00. In May, 1314, arrived in the waters of Savannah the United StJites sloop-of-war Peacock, Lewis ■Warrington commander, bringing in as a prize 11. B. M. brig-of-war Epervier, Captain Wales, of IS guns. The Epervier had on board $110,000 in specie, which w.is con- demned and distributed according to law. In April. 1S19, arrived the steamship Savannah, from New York. Tliis steamer was projected and owned in Savannah, and was the first steamship built in the United States, and the first that ever crossed the Atlantic. She left Savainiah in May for Liverpool, and afterward proceeded to St. Petersburg. In January, 1S20, occurred the largest fire which ever ravaged the city. It commenced on the east side of Old Franklin Ward. Four hundred and sixty-three buildings ■were destroyed, besides out-buildings. Loss upward of $4,000,000. Savannau, t. and p. o., Wayne county, iV. Y.: 160 m. W. N. W. Albany. Crusoe lake is located centrally, by Ihc outlet of which the t. is drained. Surface level; on the E. swampy, coven-d by Montezuma Marsh, and on Ihe W, fer- tile. The R. -Chester and Syracuse (direct) K. R. passes , through this t. Pop. 1.700. Savannah, p. v., an. v., Berkshire co., 3fn.9-9. ; 103 m. W. by N". Boston. Drainey Bronx river. Surfiicc rolling; soil fertile. The Harlem R. R. passes through the t, on which the v. is located, 22 m. from New York city. It is a small but neat v., with 312 inhabitants. ScnAGHTicoKE, t. and p. v.. Rensselaer co., 2T, Y, : 9 m. N. Troy, and 16 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Tomha- nic creek and Hoosic river, flowing into the Hudson, which bounds it on the W. Surface moderately uneven; soil fer- tile. It has extensive water-power, and a number of manu- factories, mills, etc. The v. is located on Hoosic r., E. of the Hudson, and is a thriving manufacturing place; cotton, linen, and hemp goods, powder, and powder kegs are 776 largely marmfactured. The Troy and Boston R. R. passes through, and the Troy and Rutland R. R. diverges from this v., 12 m. from Troy. Pop. of t. 3,200. ' ScnATiLEsviLLE, Bcrks CO., Penn.: here arc located four forges, two of which (in 1S5U) made 250 tons blooms and 30 tons bar iron ; moved by water-power. SciiEi.LSBUBG, p. v., Bedford CO., Pemi. : 91 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Schenectady county, Jas3PS through the city, and 4 lines of rail- road here connect, viz., Albany ami Schenectady R. R.. 17 m. ; Troy and Schenectady R. R., 20 m. ; Saratoga and Schenectady R. R., 22 m. ; Utiea and Schenectady R. R., 7S m. The "S. Cabinet" (whig), ami "S. Reflector" (dem.) are issued weekly. TJnin ore. and water lime- stone. Stdphur s|>riiie:3 are f.'umi in ditfi-rent pans, whieh are gaining celebrity, particularly those at Sharon. Farms 2,439; mamif. I'+S; dwell. 5,87s. ami pop.— wh. 83,092. fr. col. 450— total 33,.54'2. Cnpital : Sclioharie. Public Works* Nnwbiirg ami Syracuse It. 11. (prnjeeled), ScHOHA,i;iK. t., p. v., a!id cap. Schoharie co., K. Y.: 2S ni. "W. All)any. Drained by Schoharie creek, which passes throngh il f/oni N. to 3., antl Fox creek, affitrdiiig excellent waler-powiT. Surface various, in parts hilly, with extensive valleys; soil of great fertility, and well cultivated. The v. is loealed on the right bank of the creek so called, and con- tains a court-house, jail, and other public buiMings, an in- corporattfd acuileiny, and other places of instruction ; print- ing oftici'S, mechanic aliops, etc., ami the -'S. liepublican" (whig), and '"S. Patriot'' (dem.) are both weekly issues. Pop. of t 2,5SS. SonooDic lakes, Me. : these lakes are about twelve in num- ber, lying in the N. part of Washington co., and from thence issues the Schoodic cr. W. branch of St. Croix r. The most E. of these is Big lake, of irregular form, about 9 m. long, connected by a rapid stream 3 miles long, with Grand lake. 15 miles long, very ileep, and remarkably clear. It is well stocked with fish. The other are on the S. W., Poeumcus, 4 miles long, and the "Waboosis 3 m. long. In a W. direction lies the Siclabobsis, 10 miles in extent, and farther Jf. is the Horse-shoe lake, so called from its form, and also the Jnnip has given it consider- able celebrity. SciiRAALEN'mrRG. p. o.. Bergen co., JV! Jer.: on a creek of Hackensack r.. 59 m. N. E. Trenton. Schroepel, L, Oswego county, N. Y.: 139 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Oneida and Oswego r., the latter bounding il on the S. W. Surface uneven; soil fertile. It has some small manufactures and several mills. PhceuLx is the name of the post-offlce. Population of town, including Pheenix, 3.2.58. SenaooN Lake, p. o., Essex eo., 7^. Y. : fio m. IsT. Albany. Scurh.in lake, .V. 1'.; lies partly in Fssex county, and p.'irlly in Warren eo. ; it is li) miU-» long, and from one to two in width, abounding with ti'out and other kinds of fish. Deer and wild gnme are found in alumdaiiee on its t)orders, which in the E. are surrounded by a dense lorest. ScHRooN River, p. o., Essex co., N. Y. : 77 m. N. Albany. ScHULrzsvu-LE, p. o.. Duchess county, J7. Y. : 63 m. S. Albany. ScnuMLA, p. 0., Ritchie counly, Vir/j. ; 22S m. N. "W. liichmond. Schuyler county, ///. Situate toward the W., and con- tains 334 sq. ra. Drained by Sugar, Crane, and Crooked creeks, ail tributaries of Illinois r., which runs on iU S. E. border. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Chief produc- tions, wheat and Indian corn. Purk and beef are largely exported. It is well wooded. Farms 024; raanuf. 52; dwell. 1,7S3, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 26— totid 10,573. Onpital: linsliville. ScHuvLER county, Mo. Situate N.. and contains 351 sq. ra. Drained by North, Middle, and South forks of Pabius r., and branches of Chariton ereek. Surface undulating ; soil fertile. A large portion of the land is well timbered. Farms 446: manuf. 5; dwell. 539, and pop.— wh. 3,230, fr. col. 2, si. 55— total 3,2S7. tkipita! : Laneasler. Schuyler, sla., Sangamon co., ///. ; on the Sangamon and Morgan E. U,, !) m. W. Sprincfield. Schl-vler's Falls, t. and p. o.. Clinton co., Hf. Jer, : 5 m. W. by S. Plattsburg. and 139 m. N. Albany. The Saranac r. bounrls il on the N.. and it is drained by SMlmoii er., af- fording extrusive water-power. Surface m parts hilly ; soil fertile. It has some extensive manufactories, and the sur- rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral pro- ductions, pop. 2,110. Schuyler's Lake, p. o., Otsego eo., y. Y. : 74 m. W. hy N. Albany. ScniTYLERSYTLLE, p. v., Saratoga CO., 7f. Y.: on theW. bank of the Hudson r., at its confluence with Freneh cr., 7 m. E. Saratoga Springs. 36 m. N. Albany. Incorporated in 1S31. The Champlain Canal passes through, anart of the town. This town was Uiken from Pro- vidence in 1731. The v. is on Pawtuxet river. Pop. of t. 4.532. ScoNoNDOA, p. 0-, Oneida co., X. Y.: 171 m. W. N. W. Albany. ScooBF.N, p. 0., Kemper county, Mim. : 90 m. Ei by N. Jackson. Scotch Plains, p. v., Essex county, X. Jer. : on the E. side of Green brook of Rarilan r., and on the New Jersey Central R. R., 12 m. W. Elizabethporl, and 35 m. N. E. Trenton. Scotch Ridge, p. o., "Wood county, Ohio : 97 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Scotcutown, p. o.. Orange co., X. Y. : 87 ra. S. S. "W. Albany. Scotia, p. v., Pope county, ArX: : on the left bank of the Arkans:is r., 69 m. N. W. Little Eoek. Coal deposits are found in the vicinity. Scotia, p. it, Schenectady co., JV; T; : on the N. bank of Mohawk r., 1 m. W. Schenectady, and 13 m. N. "VV. Albany. Pop. about 200. Scotland county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 477 sq. m. Drained by North and Middle forks of Fabius r., and S. AVyaconda r. Surface level; soil fertile. It is well timbereil, and has excellent pasturage for cattle. Farms 3S4 ; manuf. G ; dwell. 5SS. and pop.— wh. 3,t>31, fr. col. 0, si. 151 — total 3.7S2. Capital: Mem])!iis. Scotland, p. o., Franklin county, Perm.: 50 m. S. W. llarrisburg. Scotland, p. v., AVindham co., Conn.: on the Show- tucket r., 31 m. E. Hartford. Scotland, p. v., Jefferson county, Miss.: 65 ra. S. "W. Jackson. Scotland, p. t., Greene county, I/id.: CO m. S. W. Indianajjolis. ScuTi.AND, p. o., York co., Me. : 81 m. S. W. Augusta. Scotland, p. v., Plymouth co,, Mans.: 28 m. S. Boston. Scotland Neck, p. v.. Halifax county, X. Car: between Fishing cr. and Roanoke r., 77 m. N. E. Ealeigh. Scorr county. Ark. Situate W.. and contains 031 sq. m. Draineil by La Fave r, and other tributaries of Arkansas river. Surface level; soil fertile. Farms 3G5 ; manuf. 10; .1 well. 514. and pop.— wh. 2,920, fr. col. 17, si. 146— totid 3,0S3. Capital: Booneville. Scott county, la. Situate E. toward the S., anrl contains 445 sq. m. Drained by Walnut, Allen's, and Duck creeks. Surface rolling ;'soil fertile anctvery productive. Farms S84; SCO SCR uianuf. 19; dwt'Il. 991, and pop.— wh. 5,9T'2, Ir. col. 11 — total .'),9SG. Capital: Davenporl. SroTT conniy. ]H. Situate toward the W., and contains 2fi] sq, m. Drained by small tributaries of Illinois r., which fiTuis its wt'sicrii boundary. Surface undulating; soil furtile. Wlicat and Indian corn are produced aliundaully. Pork and beef are exported. I'rinie timber aboiiuds. Farms TI2; niaiiuf. 54; dwell. 1,;^00, and pop.— wli. 7.902, fr. col. 12— toiul 7.9U. Cnjfit'it: Winchester. Public Works: Great Western Central K. R. ScoiT county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 175 sq. m. Drained by Graliani\s f.irk of White r. and branchca. Sur- face varied, it is most generally undulating, but in the W. is billy and broken: soil fertile, and well adapted lo grain and gr.-izinjj. Chii-f productions, wheat, and Indian corn, with beef, pork, and vegetables. It has some (luaidity of good timber, an J contains several salt springs. Fiirciis 719 ; nianuf. It; dwell. 1.040, and pop.— wli. .5.S70. fr. eol. 15— total 5,SS5. Cdpitiil: Lexington. Public Wurks : Jeffersun- ville IX. R. Scott county, A'//. Situate toward the S., and cont,'iin3 213 sq. Ttx. Draincil by North, Elkhorn. and Eagle creeka. Surface level ; soil very fertile. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 75S; raanuf. 59; dwell. 1.5GG, and pop.— wh. 8,S91, fr. col. 219, si. 5,S36— total 14,940. Capital: .Gi^^orgetown. StdTT county, J/^v*. Situate cenlrally, and contains 589 sq. m. Drained by branches of Pearl and Leaf rivers. Surface level; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Chief protluotiona, cotton and Indian corn. Farms '257; manuf. 4; dwell. 422, and pop. — wh. 2,77S, fr. col. 1, si. 1,1S2— total 3.9G1. Cujutul: lliUsboro'. Public Works: Alabama and Mississippi R. R. Scott county. Mo. Situate S. E.. and contains 879 sq. m. Drained by James and While Water rivers. Sirrface diver- si lied ; snil very fertile, and produces in abundance wheat and Indian corn. Tobacco is tlie staple. It contains many minerals. Farms 40S; manuf. 9; dwell. 5()0, and i)np. — wh. 2,773, fr. col. IC, si. 393— total 3,1S2. Capital : Benton. Scott county, Virg. Situate S. W.,and contains 71Spq. m. Drained by Clinch r., and North fork of llolaton r., and their branches. Surface broken and hilly, in parts mountainous; soil moderately fertile. Chief productions, wheat aud Indian corn. Farms G14; manuf. 32; dwelU 1,523, and pop.— wh. 9,325, fr. col. 31, si. 473— total 9,829. CupiUd: Estillville. ScoiT, t. and p. o., Sheboygan co., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Milwaukee r. Surface varied ; soil fertile. It has excellent water-power, and some excellent mill-sites. Scott, p. v.. La Grange county, Ind. : on the S. aide of Pigeon r., 136 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Scott, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., JS\ T. : 22 m. S. from Syracuse, and \?A) m. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Tioughnioga r., and the inlet of Skaneateles lake. Surface various, in parts much broken; soil very fertile, and in good state of cultivation. Its manufactures are limited, the chief pursuits being agricultural. The v. is centrally situate. Pop. of u 1,290. Scott, p. o., La SaUe county, 111: 120 m. N. N. E. Bpringtield. Scott, t. and p. o., Adams county, Ohio: 67 m. S. by W. Colundjus. Drained by a branch of Rnish cr. Surface uneven; s^oil of aver:ige fertility. Iron ore of superior quality is found. Pojj. 1.270. Scott, p. v., Mah:iaka county, /(/. .• 69 m. W. S. "W. Iowa City. Scott, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Penn.: 130 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small streams flowiuLi E. into the Delawari' r.. and W. by Starucca cr.. brunch of the Busquehanna r. Surface uneven, in parts hUIy j soil fertile and good limber lauds. Srt.iTT's en-ek, Calif.: rises in E. p;iTt of Vnlia co., and flows W. into the Tuba r. JIuch g'-ld is found in this sireani, and tile diggings are very proliiable, SroTrain:itiin, p. o., Livingston co., N. Y.: 209 m. W. Albany. ScoTTsiiunoii. p. v., Halifax co,, Yir{i.: on Ilif line of the Riehmond au'l Danville R. 11.. S7 m. S. W. Richmond. It is a small v„ with about 50 or 60 inhabitants. ScoiT's I'rkek. p. v., Haywood co., ^V. car. : on a stream so called of Tuckascoge r.. 253 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Scott's Hill, p. o., Henderson co., Ttnri.: 97 m. S. W. Na.shville. Scott's Snop,9la.. Amelia co., Vii.: I'li the Richmond and Danville R. R., 33 m. S. W. Richmond. ScTTsviLLE, p. v., Bibb CO.. Jla. : on a trilmtary of Cabawiia branch of Alabama r.. 69 m. N. W. Montgomery. Good water-power is here afforded, and improved by the Tuscaloosa Manufacturing Company, iivh<» employ about 90 o[)eratives. There is also a grist and saw mill, and a church, on the property of the company. IVjJulaliou about 200. ScoTTSviLLE, p. 0., Claiborue par., La.: 1G9 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. ScoTTSvrLLE. p. v., Sulllvan co., J/o. ; on the E. side of Locust cr.. 1 17 m. N. W. Jelferson City. ScoTTSviLLE. p. v., and cap. Allen co., 7vi/. : on a fork of Rig Barren r.. 121 m. S. W. Frankfort, and contains a court- house, jail, and other public buildings. The Lexiugton and Nashville R. R. passes through the village. Pop. 400, ScoTTSviLLE, Cap. Puwliatan county, Virg. {6ee Pow- hatan C. 11.) ScoTTSvii.i,E. p. v., Albemarle oo., Virg. : on the N. bank of James r., and on the James River Canal, 73 m. W. by N. Richmond. "The Independent" is a weekly issue. SCOTTSVILLE. p. v., Mouroe CO., iV. )'. .- on the left hank of the Genesee r., and on the Genesee Valley Canal, 12 m. S. by W. Rochester, and 212 ni. W. by N. Albany. Exlen- yive hydraulic power isderived from the canal and river, and, it ha.-* a number of mills, etc. SCOTTSVILLE, p. o., Wyoming co., Penn. : 95 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. ScoTTviLLE, p. v., Macoupin co., lU. : on the S. of Apple cr., 33 m. S. W. Springfield. ScEANTos, p. v., Luzerne co., Pe?in.: at the junction of the Lackawanna and Western E. R. with the Pennss Ivania Coal Companies K. E.. 50 ra. S. Great Bend, and 97 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Cobb's Gap R. R. and a railroad to Sunbury will diverge from this place. There is near tlie v. a furnace of 2,000 tons capacity, operated by water, and two of 3,500 tons each annual capacity, operated by steam, and a forge, which in 1830 produced 7,000 tons rail. Pop. 2.234. SciiEA.MEitsviLLE, p. o., Maury co., Teiin. : 37 m. S. by W. Nashville. ScKiBA, t and p. v., Oswego co., iV. Y. : 152 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by a number of small streams flowing into Lake <)nlario. Surface moderately hilly ; soil of mitldhng fertility. It contains in part the county buildings. Old Fort Oswego, built in 1727, is located near the mouth of the river. The v. is 2 m. K. of the lake ; has good waler-j)Ower, and contains several mills, workshops, etc. Pop. of t. 3. 70S. ScRivEN county, Ga. Situate E., and contains 713 aq. ra. It is bounded on the E. by Savannah r., and on the S. and W. by Ogeeehee r., by branches of which it is drained, Little Ogeechee r., passing through the centre, and Brier cr. in the northern portion. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and proilnccs large crops of cotlun, which is the st;iple. It has some miiuTa!s,and some fine timber land. Farms 49S; manuf. ; dwell. 567. and pop.— wh. 3.173, fr. col. 1, si. 3,673 — total 6,S47. Capital: Jaeksonboro*. SriioGGiN's Mill'8, p. o.. Dale co., Ala. : on the W. side of Pea r., 63 m. S. E. Montgomery. ScaoGosriELD, p. v., Carroll county, Ohio: 111 m. N. E. Columbus. 779 SCR SEG ScKUR Grass, p. o., Armslroiiii: county, Penn. : 185 ra. W. N. W. Harrisburg. ScLFFLRTowN, p. V., LaiircTis district, S. Car.: ou a small tributary of Etioree r., 65 m. N. W. Columbia. Scull Camp, p. v., Surry co., ,V. Car.: ut the source of Fisher's r., 13T m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. Scull SiTOAia, p. v.. Greene co., Ga.: on the Oconee r., 46 m. N. Mille'lgeville, Ponlairrs bridge hi-r« spans the river, at which point several mills are in operation. Sculltown, ]). v..8aleni co., y. Jer.: on the left bank of Oldman'8 cr., 46 m. S. W. Trenton. SciLT'icK Point, Hancock ci.. Jfe. : a small cape situated in lat 44° IS' N., and long. GTO 5S' W. Scfi'i-Kii-MONG, p. o., Washington co., K Car.: 113 m. E. Ealeigh. Seahkook, t. and p. v., Kockingham co., y. ITamp. : in tlie S. E. corner of the State, bordering on Ihe Atlantic Ocean, 45 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Bhuk, Brown's, and Walton rivers, and several tributaries. Whale-boat building is carried on here to a greater extent than in any other town in New England. The inhabitants are occupied in mechanical pursuits and the fisheries. This t. is better adapted than any other in tlie State to the Bay and Labrador fisheries, which are extensively carried on. Bog iron ore is fount! on some of the streams. The Eastern K. E. passes through the t. on which the v, is located, 14 m. ^. from Portsmouth. Poj). of U 1,296. Seacocus, sla., Hudson co., y. Jer.: on the Union E. E., 4 m. N. Jersey City, and 53 m. N. E. Trenton. Seafoi'.d, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on W. side of Nanticoke river, 35 m. S. by W. Dover. Seal, p. o., Wyaudott county, Ohio: 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. Seal Cove, p. v., ITancock co., Jiff. : at the head of the inlet so called, on Mount Desert island, 72 m. E. Augusta. Searcy county. Ark. Situate N., and contains 941 sq. m. Drained by Buffalo fork of White r. and Crookeec Pond, 10 ra., lies in this t, and the Piscataquis r. crosses the S. parL Drained by Sebec r., outlet of the pnnd, which flowing S. E. empties into the Piscataquis r. in MiloL Surface moderately uneven; soil fertile, and well adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1S12. The manufactures consist in woolen goods, leather, lum- ber, etc. The v. is on Sebec r., near the lake. Population of t. 1.223. Sebeo pond, Piscataquis co., Me.: lies in the towns of Si bee, Foxcroft, and Bowerbank; it is surrounded by a well-timbered country, is about 10 m. long, and averages about 1 m. in width. Its outlet is the river so called. Seuewa, t. and p. n., Ionia co.. Mich. : 22 m. W. Lansing. Dramed by Looking-Glass r. Surface undulating; soil fer- tile. Pop. 2:7. Seboois lakes, Penobscot co.. Me.: are cnnnected sheets of water of irregular form, about 15 m. in length, and from half a mile to ime and a half in width, and constitute tho head waters of the E. branch of the Penobscot r. Seboois r. is the name of their outlet. Second Creek, p. v., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. ; on a branch of Greenbrier r., 164 m. W. Richmond. Sedgwick, t and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 53 m. E. Au- gusta. It is on a peninsula having Blue Ilill bay on the E., and separated from Deer island, on the S. by a slraiU The soil is inferior, but sufficient produce is raised fur its own people. It has good harbors, and considerable navigation. A immlier of vessels owned here are employed in the coast- ing and fishing trade, and ship-building is carried on to a considerable extent. Leather anil hunber are the chief articles of manufacture. Tlie v. is on the bay so called, which makes up into the town. Pop. of t. 1,234. Sehkonk, t. and p. v., Bristol co., J/aw.; 3S m. S. S. W. Boston. Separated from Bhode Island by Seelconk r., which bounds it on the W. ; and Ten Mite cr. affords water-power. Tlie V. of Pawtucket is partly in Seekonk. Seekonk v. is on Ten Mile er., ncir its confluence with Proviilence r., and contains several factories, etc. Pop. of t. in 1810, 1,996, and in ISoO. 2,244. The Boston and Providence E. E. passes through the town. Sebi.y Creek, p. o., Chemung co., X. Y. : 170 m.W. S.W. Albany. Seelysburg, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K. Y.: on a branch of Conncwimgo cr., 276 ra. W. by S. Albany. Seely's Station, p. o., Erie co., Penn. : 203 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Sego, p. 0., Perry co., Ohin: 41 m. E. by S. Columbus. Seguin. p. v.. and cap. Guadalupe co., Tex. : on the left bank of the Guad.alupe r., 4S m. S. Austin City. It contains the county buildings, etc. SEI SEN SKiBEr.LiNGTtLLE, p. V., Lehigh CO., Peiui. : on a br:incli Of Jordyii cr., Go m. E. N. E. Uarrisbiirg. SEiSHOLr/viLLK, p. o., Berlis county, Feiin.: 55 m. E. Harrisburg. Seitzland, sta., Yorlc co., Penn. : on tlio Baltimore and Busquehaiina K. R., 42 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. Sklbv, v., Biirt-au eo., III. : on the bonU-r of an extensive prairie, 4 m. N. of the Illinois river, and lOS m. N. by E. Sprinfcfield. Sklrysport, p. v., Alleghany co., Md.: on the "W. side of Youghiugeny r., 3 ni. btlow the Pennsylvania State line, 154 m. \V. N. "W. -Annapolis. Selbyville, p. n., Sussex co., Del.: 33 m. S. Pover. Sni.is's Grove, p. v.. Union co., Penn. : at thf junction of Penn's cr. with the Susquehanna r., 3S m. N. llarrisburg. SellilR's point, P)allimore co., Md.: a narrow neck of land, projecting into Baltimore harbor, on the east side thereof. SEi.LEiteBuitG, V. and sla., Clarke county, Ind.: on the Jeffersonville U. B., 9 m. N. JefTersonvillc, and 03 in. S. by E. Indianajfolis. Selma, p. v., Dallas co., Ala.: on the right bank of the Alabama r., 4o m. W Montgomery. Tins v. is plcjisanlly locatesnn co.. Temi. : on Eutherford fork of Obinn r., lOS m. "W. by S. Nashville. Shady Grovk, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 126 m. S. W. Eichmnnd. Shady Grove, p. o., ■\Va9hin2;tf'n par., La. : 67 m. N. E. Baton Kimge. Shady Hill, p. o., Henderson co., Tenn. ; lOS m.W. S.W. Nashville. Shady Spring, p. o., llaleigh county, Virg. : 2V) m. W. Eiehmond. Shaefferstown, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: 31 m. E. ITarrisburg. It contains several churches, stores, work- shops, etc. Shaftsbury, t. and p. v., Benntns:lon co., Venn. : 97 m. S. W. Monfpelier. Drained by Iributaries of the Batten- kill and AVallonmsaek rivers, wliich affonl power for sev- eral small matiufaetiTies. Surface elevated ; soil fertile. ■West Mountain bes parlly in this town. Valuable beds of iron ore. pine timber, and a fine quality of while raarlile are found here. The Weslerti Vtrninnt R. R. passes through the vill:i2:e. 49 m, S. by W. Rutland. ?op. of t. 1,S96. Shakf.r Village, p. v., Merrimac co., N'. Uamp, : 13 ra. N. Concord. Se£ Wateiivlif.t. Shakf.r Village, sla.. Berkshire county, Mass.: on the TVestern R. R.. 121 m. W. N. W. Bf>ston. Shakf.lford's, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 33 m. N. E. Eichm.^nd. Shaler's Mills, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 42 m. N. E. Columbus. Shalersville. t and v.. Portage co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E. Cohinibus. Drained by C'uyahnga r. Surface uneven : soil fertile. The v. is E. of the Cuyahoga r. pop. of 1. 1.100. Shat.lotte. p. v.. Brunswick co., A' A//'. ; at the head of Shallotte inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 127 miles S. Raleigh. Pop. 903. Shallow Ford, p. o., Orange co., N. Car. : 39 m. N. "W. Raleigh. Shamokin, t. and p. v., Northumberland county, Pain. : 40 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Shamokin creek. Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil ftrtilo. A Jar n ace located here, nioverl by sti^ain, has an annual capacity of 3,500 tons. .Vmcnmt of enal sent from the mines to Phila- delphia (in 1S49) was 19,658 tons. The railroad from Potts- ville to Danville and fo Sunbury pass through the t The V. contains several mills, \vorkshops. etc. Shamokin creek, Pemi. : rises in the Mahony Mountain:^, flows W. in a circuitous course 30 m., and empties into the Susquehanna r. 2 m. below Sunbury. Silamony, p. v., Burlington co., iV. Ji^r. : on both sides of a branch of Atsion r., 30 m. S. Trenton. Shamrock, p. v.. Callaway co.. Mo. : on a fork of Loulre river, 41 m. N. E. JefTerson City. Shamrock Milt,s, p. o., "Wiishington county, R. 1. : 27 m. S. W. Provi'leuce. SuANANDOAH, p. o., Richl.aud CO., Ohio: 49 m. N. by E. Columbus. Shandakrn. t and p. o.. ITister co., J^. Y. : 48 m. S. 'W. Albany. Drained on the N. and E. by Esopua cr., on tlie S. by Neversink r, and on the W. by the E. branch nf the Delaware r. Surface mountainous, being covered in the greater part by tlie Catskill Mountains; soil of inferior quality. It has good hyliii>: on W. side Sugar cr.,77 m. N. E. Columbus. It contain:* several work- shops and 3s2 inhabitants. Shasesville, p. v.. Somerset co„ Penn. : IdS m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Inm ori* is found in Ihe vicinity. Shannon county. J/i.. Situate toward the S., and con- tains 7MI sq. UL Curnnt river p:is?e3 through tbe co. from N. W. to S. E., by which ami its numerous branches it is drained. Surface undulating; soil f.-rtlle. It is a tine min- eral CO., and there are extensive beds of in^i ami mpper ores of a superior quality. It is parlly timtien-d. Farms 152: manuf. 0; dwell. 204, and pop.— wh. 1,11)0, fr. col. 0, si. 9— total 1,199. CapiUtl: Eminence. Shannon, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 miles E. Columbus. Shannon Hill, p. v., Goochland co., Virg. : 411 m. N. W. liiehmond. Sn-VNNoy.-;, p. o., Montgomery co.,71',a ; 133 m. E. Austin City. Shannonville, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 90 m. E. Harrislmrg. Shai'leioh, t. and p. v., York county. Me : "9 m. S. "W. Augusta. It is separated from Acton by two ponrN. tho source of Mou^nm r., by which the t. is drained. Surface level ; soil fertile, and it is a good farming t. Bog iron ore is found here, and there are iron works and other manufac- tures. The V. is centrally situated. Pop. oft. 1,34S. Shark IIiver, p. v.. Ocean county, N. Jer. : on Jumping brook of Shark r., 36 m. E. Trenton. SiiAiiKTOWN, v.. Queen Anne co., Mri'lces spanning the Housatonic. The v. is located principally on one street on the E. side of a pleasant valley, and contains many fine buildings. The manufactures con- sist of cotton, iron, leather, Ilour, lumber, etc. This t. took an active part in the war of the Revolution. Populatiou of t. 2,517. Sharon, p. v., Whitesides ca, Ifl.: oh the S. boundary of CO., 3 m. S. of Rock r.^ and 123 m. N. by W. Springfield. Sharon, t. and p. v.. Norfolk co., JAr.s-.s-. .■ 16 m. S. by "W. Boston. Drained by Neponset r., which has ils source in Mashapoag Pond in this t Surface hilly; soil fertile, and much grain is raised. It has good water-power, and is much improved by several manufactories. The manufac- lures consist of woolen and cotton eoods, axes, bedsteads, straw goods, leather, m.achinery. joiners' tools, etc. The Boston and Providence R. R. passes through the v., 17 m, S. by W. Boston. Pop. of t. I.13S. Sharon, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co.. 3fich. : 41 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r.. which crosses ils S. part. The poil is very fertile, and the products in wheat, rye, and corn are large. Pop. S69. Sharon, p. v., Appanoose co., /(/..- on the left bank of Chariton r., S7 m. S. W. Iowa Cliy. Sharon, p. v., Madison co.. Miss.: on a branch of Big Black r.. .S3 in. N. N. E. Jackson. Sharon, t. and p. v.. Schoharie co.. y. Y. : 46 m. W. by N Albany. Drained by Bowman's creek and branch of Scho- harie cr. Surface high and undulating, resting upon lime- stone, which in some places makes its appearatu-e in the form of caverns, and displaying interestinir stratifications. This t. contains the celebrated mineral spring, j-o calh-d C'-ve Sharon SpRiXfiV The v. is in S. E. of town, and contains several spacious hotels, and has some manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,632. 7dS SHA Shakos, p. o., Mecklenburg co., X. Car. : 121 m. S. VT. Ealeigh. SiiiEON, p. v., Noble en., Okin : 75 m. E. by S. Columbus. Shaeox, p. v., Mercer oo., I'eun. : on the left bank of Bhenango cr., 19S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. There are two furnaces near Ihe v., one of 2,000 tons, and the other 1.600 tons annual capacity, boUi operated by steam. The Beaver and Erie Canal passes near the village. Pop. 541. Sharon, t. and p. v., Windsor Co., Venn. : 48 m. P. by E. Monlpelier. Drained by While r., which passes through, affording excellent water-power. Surface much broken, but the soil is fertile and well cultivated. The manufacture of woolen goods, paper, etc., is carried on to some extent here. The v. is on White r., and the Vermont Central E. It. passes through it, 50 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Pop. of 1. 1.240. SuAEON. p. v., Wythe co., nrg. : at the source of North fork, Holston r., 212 m. W. by S. Eichmond. SUAEOS, I. and p. v., Walworth CO., Wise. : 51 m. S. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Ttirtle cr. The land is excellent, and highly cultivated, and good water-power. The V. is in the E. part. Pop. of 1. 1.169. Shaeox Cestee, p. 0., Schoharie county, iV. T. : 47 m. W. by N. Albany. Shaeox Cestke. p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on Wolf cr., 99 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains an academy, several shops, etc. Shaeon Ce.\tbe, p. v., Potter co., Perm.: 127 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Suaeon' Si-rings, p. v., Schoharie co., iV. T. : near the boundary line of Schoharie, Otsego, and Montgomery coun- ties, 40 m. W. by N. Albany. It is located on an eminence, surrounded by numerous caverns of much interest. Near Ihe V. are the celebrated Sharon Springs, greatly resembling the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and are highly effi- cacious in rheumatic, dyspeptic, and other complaints. There are two springs, the sulphur and magnesia, situated at the foot of a bill, about a half mile N. of the turni>ike road. These waters have a« exhilarating effect on tho spiriU, invigorating the system, and in many respects pos- sess medicinal and healing qualities unsurpassed by any other in the country. They are much resorted to during the sttmmer months, and there is a commodious hotel here, called the Parillion, which is usu.ally thronged with visitors. From an .inalysis. made by Dr. Chilton, of New York, the result from one gallon of this water is : sulphate of mag- nesia, grs., 42.40 ;' sulphate of lime, 111.62: chloride of 8odiuro,'2.21 ; chloride of magnesium, 2.40 ; hydrosulphuret of sodium, hydrosulphuret of calcium, and vegetable ex- tractive matter, 2.24; total grs., 160.94. SiUphuretted hy- drogen gas, 16 cubic inches. Shaeontiele. p. v., Hamilton CO., Ohio: on a branch of Mill cr., 8T m. S. W. Columbus. Shaeonville, p. o., King William oo., Hrf. ; 21 m. N. E. Eichmond. Shaepe-s Stoek, p. v., Lowndes eo., ffo. : on the hue of Ihe Brunswick and Florida K. E., 151 m. S. MiUedgcvilIe. Shaepesvilee, p. v., Montgomery county, Ala. : 12 m. S. Montgomery. SHARPSBtiEG, p. v., Bath CO., Kij. : 54 m. E. Frankfort. Shaepsbbeg, p. v., Washington CO., Md. : a little W. of Antietam r., 72 m. N. W. Annapolis. Sbaepsbeeg, p. v., Marion co., Mo. : on the 8. boundary of the CO., 73 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Sbaepseeeg, p. v., Alleghany co., Pfnn.: on the right bank of the Susquehanna r., 7 m. above Pittsburg, and 165 m. W^ by N. Harrisburg. It is a considerable mauufao- luring place, and much trade is carried on here. Pop.1,229. Sharp's Fork, p. o.. Athens co., Ohio: 03 m. S.E. Columbus. Sharp's Miet.s. p. o., Harrison CO., Tiid. : on the lett bank of Green Bank r.. 101 m. S. Indianapolis. SuAEPSHiN Point, Chittenden Co., Verm.: a high, rocky point, on the N. side of Burlington bay, about a mile and a quarter from the S. wharf in Burlington. ISi SHA SnAEPTOw-N, p. v., Somerset co.. Mil. : on the left side of Nanticoke r., 53 m. S. E. Annapolis. SiiAPJ-rowN, p. v., Salem Co., K.Jer.: is a manufacturing place, on the right bank of Salem r., 49 m. S. \V. Trenton. SiiABTEEsviLLE, p. v., Berks couiity, Penn. : 43 m. N. E. Harrisburg. SuASTE county, Calif. Situate N., and contains about 4,800 sq. in. Bounded on tho W. by the Coast Eango, and on the E. by the Sierra Nevada. The S. boundary is a liuo on the parallel of Eed Bluff, the head of navigation in tho Sacramento river, and its N. boundary the line of the new county of Siskiyou, in lat. 41° '30'. The Sacramento runs directly through it from the north, and it is drained by its tributaries — Pitt river. Lower ami Ark creeks, from the E., and Salt, Clear, Dry, Cottonwood, and Sandy creeks, from the W.. all rising from the mountains. Surface, except in the immediate valley of the S.icramento, hilly and broken; but there is a vast amount of fine agricultural land in the county, of which, in 1S52, only 903 acres were under cidti- vation. There are many springs strongly impregnated n ith miner.ils. of which the Soda Springs, near the Sacramento, and 00 m. N. of ShastS City, are the most celebrated ; and there are 12 or 15 salt springs, which would produce salt sufficient for the whole Slate. Not a river, creek, gulch, or ravine that does not contain gold, and mining is extensively carried on. The capital invested in quartz mining, in 1852, was $94,700 ; in placer mining, lt90,950 ; and in other mining operations, .$92,800. The total industrial capital of the county was *95S,500. The principal mining localities are French gulch. Mad Mule Cation, Mad Ox Canou,Wliiskey creck.One- Ilorse Town, One-Mule Town, Clear creek. Grizzly gulch, and Middletown. About 2,000 men were engaged in mining, and the annual product had been $2,492,000. Pop. 4,050— wh. 3,700 : males 3.44S, and females 262 ; negroes 4S— males 45, and females 3; mulattoes 12— males 10, and females 2; Indians 73— males 62, and females 21 : foreign residents S2S —males 814, and females 14. Over 21 years of age— Amer- icans 2.547, negroes 46, mulattoes 9, Indians 59, and foreign- ers 792. Capital : Shasl6 City. Sn.\6TE CiTv. p. v., and cap. Shastt co., Calif. : Is located in low hills, a little W. of the Sacramento r., 160 m. from San Francisco, .and 120 m. N. from Vallejo. It is a place of considerable importance, being the terminus of land car- riage, and a starting-place for packers to Oregon. There is a bank here, and considerable money is in circulation. Mines aie numerous in the vicinity, every stream (of which there are many) containing more or less gold. Salt springs are also found. Pop. 1,000. SuAtrcE's, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 87 m. N. Columbus. SHAU.MBUBG, p. v.. Cook couHly, Jll.: 172 m. N. E. Springfield. Shaver's Cp.eek, p. o., Huntingdon CO., Penn. : 59 m.'W. Hiirrisburg. There is a forge and rolling mill here, the former made (in 1S50) 475 tons blooms, and the latter 150 tons boiler and sheet iron, both moved by water-power. SiiAVEETOws, p. v., Delaware Co., X. V. : on the S. side of the E. branch of the Delaware r., 71 m. S. W. Albany. SiiAWANAw county, in.sc. Situate E. of tho centre, and contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Wolf r. and its branches. Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile. Set off recently from sMiIhcrn portion of Oconto county. SiiAWANorNK, t. and p. v., Ulster county. A'! T.: 74 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Shawangnnk cr. and Wall- kill. The surface in general is mountainous, the Shawan- gnnk Mountains covering the principal portion — on the E. gently undulating; soil pleasantly diversified, and on the K. highly productive and good timber. Grain is raised in large (luantities, but more attention is paid to the rearing of cattle and to the dairy. A number of skeletons of the mastodon have been found in this town and the vicinity. The V. is on a branch of the W.allkill, and lumber, flour, cotton, and woolen goods are manufactured. Population , of L 4,036. SHA Shawangunk mountains, N. Y. : a continuation of the Allogtiany chain, extending from ihe Delaware r., in Oranice county, Ibence through Sullivan eoanly to town of New Pallz, in Ulster county. On the E. they are well cultivated, but on the W. they are precipitous. Lead is found on tliem. Their greatest altitude is l.y66 feet. SiiA""NF.E, p. v., Niagara co., iV. Y.: 12 m. E. of Niagara Falls and 2y7 m. W. by N. Albany. SnAwsKR, p. u., Monroe county, Penn.: 91 m. N. E. Harrisburg. SnuvjiEK creek, Ind.: rises in the N; E. corner of Mont- gonuTv county, runs W. througli Fountain county, and flows into the Wabash r., 10 m. above Covington. It is a \*aluable mill-stream, never failing, and the mills erected on It, and water-power that may still be used, will compare favorably with any part of the State. SuAwsEK Mood, p. o., Tippecanoe county, /tk?.; 61 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Shawnee Peairie, p. o.. Fountain co., Ind. : S. E. of the WahasU r., 61 n:. N. W. Indiatmpolig. It is situated on Uie border of a large and rich prairii* so called, mostly well cultivatni, the soil of which is favorable for wheat, corn, (ind irrass. SiiA\vNEETOWN,.p. V., Gallatin co., 7"?^, : on the Ohio r., !1 nj. below the mouth of the Wabash and 164 m. 8. E. from Springfield. Its situation, though pleasant looking, is low and liable lo inundation. As a place of trade this is among the largest in southern Illinois. There is a paved levee here, almost as long as the one at Cincinnati, Ohio. A hog slaughtering and packing establishment, owned by Messrs. O. Poole & Co., is quite an important feature, hav- ing fa'-iliiies for hanging up 1,000 hogs per day. Tobacco is raised in considerable quantitiea, 800 hogsheads of which was shipped to different parts in 1S.52. Iron ore and coal is abundant on the river bant. The manufactnre of salt is extensively carried on at the United States Saline, on the Saline cr.. 12 m. in the interior, and a niilroad is in course ' f construction to connect them with this place. A United States land office is. located here. The "Southern Illinois Advocate" is a weekly (dem.) issue. Pop. 1.7G4. SuAw's Mills, p. v., Guilford county, A". Car. : 71 m. ■VT. by N. Ealeigh. SuAwsviLLE. p.v.jHarford co.,Md,: 45 m.N, Annapolis. SnAWsviLLE. p. v., Montgomery county, Virr;. : 159 m. "W. S. W. Richmond. Shawsville, p. 0., Broome county, IT. Y. : 104 m. S. W. Albany. Shearees Cross IioAT>s, p. c, Westmoreland co., Penn. : 12ii ra. W. Harrisburg. Soeuovgan county, Wf^c. Situate E. toward the S., and mnlains 575 sq. m. Drained by Sheboygan r. and its aiHu- rnta. and tribniaries of Milwaukie r. Surface nndulatini:; - .il fertile. It js bounded on the E. by Lake Michigan. Farms 32S : mannf. 29; dwell. 1.7S-3, and pop.— wh. S,^71. fr. col. 7— total S,37S. Capital: Sheboygan. PuUicWorks : Chicago. Milwaukie, and Green Bay P. R, SnFiioyr.AN, p. v., and cap. Sheboygan co.. Wise: on Lake Michigan, at the month of Sheboygan r., OS m. N. E. Madison. It contains a cour[-hou5e,jaiI,ptc.. and has some trade. The exports during the year IHS amounted to J12,l!»l. and the imports for same year $571,800, maUinir a total of :^^S.S,991. It is surrounded by a well caltivated and flourishing country. Sheboygan river, W^c. : rises near Winnebago lakf. Fond du Lac co.. passes through a small lake in tlio N. W. part of Sheboygan county, and proceeding eastwardly in a winding course, flows into Lake Michigan at ShebovL'an. SHrnoYOAN Falls, t. and i>. o., Sheboygan eo., Wise. : 9\ m. N. E. Madison. Drained by the Sheboygan r. and branches; soil fertile, and well cultivated. SnETt's Ckossisg, sta., Middlesex county, Mass. : on the Lowell and Lawrence E. K., 8 m. E. Lowell nad 21 m. N. by W. Boston- 50 SHE SrrEKi-sroT river, Me. : rises by two branciie.^ in ponds in Palermo, Waldo county, flows S. througli the towns of Wbitefii-Id and Alva, meets the tide-water between Wiscas- sett and New Castle, in Lincoln county, and empties into a bay of the same name. Its length from the source to the bay is 35 m., and it is valuable for its hydraulic power and navigable facilities. SuEEPscoT bay, Lincoln co., J/^.; sets up from the sea between Booth bay and Georgetown, and receive? the waters of the river so called. It is about 3 m. wide at its mouth and extends 10 m. N. The mouth -of the bay is about 6 m. N. E. from the light at tlie mouth of Kennebec river. SiiERPScoT Bridge, p. v., Lincoln co., 3£e. : on the left bank of Sheepscot r., 25 ra. S. E. Augusta. Sheet/. Mills, p. v., Ilampshire co., Virg. : on the S. branch of Potomac r., 145 m. N. N. W. Eichmoml. It is a small village,, has excellent water-power and several mill- seats. SnEFFfELn, p. v., Fayette co., Ala. : on North r. branch of Black Warrior, 123 m. N. W. Montgomerj'. SnEFi'iKi.D, p. v., Newton co., Ga. : on a branch of the Oemulgee r.. 65 m. N. W. MiHedgeville. SnKFKiELD, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., MaM.: 119 m. S. W. by W. Boston. The IFousatonic r. flows through the town, by which and Us branches it is drained. Surface gen- erally level, but in parts hilly; soil alluvial and very fertile, and excellent water-power is derived from the streams. This is the oldest town in the county; it was incorporated in 17^3. The chief pursuit of the people is agriculture, but the;re are also manufactories of leather, hats, farming uten- sils, spirits, lumber, etc. The village is neatly laid nut on one extended street, on a plain surrounded by hills, one of which is 3.000 feet high, and contains some neat manaiohs. The Ilousatonic P.. E. passes through the village, 31 m. 9. Pitlsfleld and 79 m. N. Bridgeport, Conn. Jnm ore and marble of a superior quality are found in the town. Popu- lation of t. 2,769. SnEFFiELD, t and p. o., Lorain co., Ofdo: 107 m. N. N. K Columbus. Lake Erie washes its N. border. D/aiued by Black r., which is navigable to near the centre of the town. Sorface moderately uneven ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. It contains an academy, conducted on the manual labor principle, several other places of instruction, mills, work- shops, etc. Pop. 90S. SHKFFrELi>, t. and p. o., Warren co., Penn. : 148 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Teonista cr. and branches, from which is derived excellent mill-power. Surface various; soil in some parts fertile. It has several manufactories. The proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie E. E. passes through this town. S^E^TIELD, i. an5 SHE SHE pie are agricultarul. The AUantic aod St. Lawrence K> K. pasaes through the village, 36 m. S. E. Northumberland. Pop. of t. 4S0. SHELBtrr.NE, t, p. v., and sta., Chittenden county, VerTTJ. : bordering on Lake Champlain, 33 m. W. by N. Montpelier. Drained by La Plalte r., aflfordiug excellent water-power. A pond covering 600 acres is also in this town. Surface on the lake shore is level, otherwise uneven ; soil in general fertile. A fine harbor is formed by Shelburne bay, which sets up into Uie town, 4 m. from the lake, in a S. W. direc- tion. The vitlage is located on the border of the lake, and the Rutland and BurUngton R. 11. passes through ihe town, on which is the sta., 6 miles S. Burlington. Population of town 1,25T, Shelburnk, t. and p. o., Franklin county, Mass. : 87 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Bounded on the W. and 9. W. by Deerfleld r., which in its course has a fall of 50 feet in 40 rods, producing immense hydraulic power. Surface various ; soil fertile, and much wool is grown, and dairy produce raised. It has some manufactures of leather, lumber, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,239. SnELBTTENE Falls, p. v., Fmnklin co., Ma^x. : on the letl bank of Deerfield r., 89 m. N. W. by W. Boston. It is a neat village, surrounded by a rich agricultural country, and contains besides several fine buildings, a well-endowed academy. SaELBY county, Ala, Situate centrally, and contains 993 sq. m. Cahawba r. -flows through the W. portion, by which and its branches, and branches of Coosa r., which forms its E. boundary, it is drained. Surface generally level, in parts hilly; soil fertile. It has some good beds of eoal. an6. C'apitul: Cdlumbiaua. Public Works: Alabama and Tennessee River R. R. Shelbv county, HI. Situate 8. centrally, and contains 762 sq. m. Kaskaskia r. passes centrally through it, by which and its affluents, and by branches of S. fork of Sangamon r., it is drained. Surface level ; soil in general fertile and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Pork is exported largely. FarirtsSSl; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,411^ and pop.— wh. 7.762, fr. col. 45— total 7,807. Capital : Shelby- viUe. Public Wovk\ three stories in height, some of which are of bri^^k, and 995 inhabitants. The river is navigable to this place at high water, and affords exceUent waler-pctwer. The Shelbyville Lateral Branrh R. E., the Knightstown and Shelbyville E. E., and Ihe Rushville and Slielbyville E. R. all verge from Ih!s«p<.int. 16 m, N. K. from Edinburg, 20 m. fr^m Rushville, and 27 S. by W. trum Kniglitst()\vn. Taking inU) SHE SHE consideration these railroad conneclions, this place will now increase rapidly in business and population. The *' National Volunteer" is a weekly issue. Shelbttille, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Ky. : on Brash- er's cr. of Sail r., 21 m. W. Frankfort, It contains a court- house, jail, etc., and the Shelby College is located here, which in 1S50 contained 4 professors, 4 alumni, 44 students, ajid a library containing 300 volumes. The " Shelby News'' is a weekly v^hig) issue. Pop. about 800. SHELBrvii,LE, p. v., and cap. Shelby co., Mo. : on the left bank of Jock's cr. of Salt r., 84 m. N. Jefferson City. It is a small place, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. Pop- ulation Sol. SUELBTVII.LE, p. V., and cap. Bedford co., Temi.: on the right bank of Duck r., 4S m. S. by E. Nashville. It contains a cuurt-house, jail, and other public buildings, and a branch of the Bank of Tennessee is located here. The " Expos- itor*' is a weekly (polit.) issue. Pop. about SOO. SuELBYViLLE, p. V., and cap. Shelby co., Tex. : on S. side of Huana branch of Sabine river, on an elevated and fertile plain. 246 m. N. E. Austin City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. SuELDox, t. and p. v., Franklin county, Venn.: 48 m. N. W. by N. Montpeiicr. The Missiaque r. divides the t, and with Black cr., its branch, drains it, and affords good hydraulic power. Its lands are good, producing grain, etc., in abundance. The v., on the Missisque r., is a thriving place, both in its manufactures and trade. Population of 1. 1,814. SnELDON, t. and p. v., "Wyoming co., IT. Y. : 244 m. "W. Albany. Drained by Tonawanda and Seneca creeks. Surface hilly; soil fertile, belter adapted to grazing than grain. Its manufactures consist in flour, lumber, leather, etc. The v. contains 2 chiu-ches. Pop. of t. 2,527. SoELDO^TiLLE, p. o., Norfolk CO., Mass. SaELDRAKE, p. o., Seneca co., 2^. Y. : 161 m. "W. Albany. ' Shell Mouxd. sta,, Marion co., 7ejij(. ; on the Nashville and Chattanooga li. K., ISO ni. S. E. Nashville. SnELL PoEsT, p. 0., Wakulla county, Flor. : 2i miles S. Tallahassee. Shelltowx, p. o., Ocean co., X. Jer. : on S. side of Cross- wick's cr.,12 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. Here is a Friends' meeting-house. Sbelocta. p. v., Indiana co., Petin. : on a fork of Crooked creek. 127 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Shelter Island, t and p. o., SuETolk co., iV; Y.: 95 m. E. by N. New York city, and 244 ra. S. E. Albany, and di- rectly opposite Greenpnrt, the terminus of the Long Island Railroad, occupying ihe whole of the island so called, lyins between Great Peconic and Gardiner's bays. It is 6 miles long and 4 m. wide, and was first settled in. 1652. Surface uneven; soil, though in general inferior, has some fertile parts. There is a ship channel around the island, and a ferry connects it with Southold, 120 rods distant. Pop. 3S6. SnELTONTiLLE, p. c, Fofsytli county, Ga. : 95 m. N. W. M i lied gevi lie. SnENANDOAH countv, VJrff, Situate toward the N.. and contains 3S6 sq. m. Drained by N. fork uf Shenandoah r. Surface uneven and mountainous; soil various, in some parts very fertile. Chief product'^, wheat and Indian com. Farms 554; manuf 7; dwell. 2,14:3, and pop.— wh. 12,595, fr. col. 263, si. 911— total 13,768. CapiUtl: "Woodstock. Public Woi-ks: Manassas Gap R. E. Shenani)Oah, p. v., Duchess co., iVl Z : 10 m. E. from Fishkil! Landing, 70 m. S. Albany. SHEyA>-DOAn river, Virg. : is a large S. branch of Poto- mac r.. formed from its S. branch, which rises in Augusta CO., and the N. branch, which rises in Eockingham co., and flows along the "W. side of the Blue ridge, and parallel to the S. branch, until near their confluence in "Warren en., whence the united stream flows N. E. to its jnnction with Potomac r., near its passage through the Blue ridge at Har- per's Ferry. SuENANDOAU Ikon Woeks, p. o., Page CO., Virg.: S3 m. N. "W. Richmond. StTEPAUG river, Conn. : a branch of the Housatonic, en- tering it at Southbury from the N., afl'ording good water- power. SnEPnERD's Geote, p. o., Culpepper co., Vtrg. : 66 m. N. N. W. Eiehmond. SnEPiiERDSTOwN. p. V., Bclmont co., Ohio: on E. side of a branch of "Wheeling creek, 105 miles E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 90. SuEPHERDSTOWTi, p. V., Cumberland co., Penn.: 7 m. S. Harrisburg. SnEPHERDSTOT.'X, p. V., Jcfforson co.,T7/'(7. .- on the S. W. side of the Potomac river, 10 m. above Harper's Ferry, and 129 ra. N. by "W. Richmond. The water-power is exnellenl. and considerable flour is manufactured. The Baltimore and Ohio K. E. passes near the v. Three papers are issued weekly: the "Free Press'' y 'W^ Boston. Charles river forms its E. boundary. Incorporated 1674. Surfnee elevated; soil fertile. Th- Milford Branch R. R. passes through its "W. parL Th<' v.. at the centre, contains 2 churches, and has some manufac- tures. Pop. of t. 1,02.3. Sherburne, t. and p. t., Euttnnd county, Yerm. : 45 m. S. by "W. Montpelier. Surface chiefly broken and mount- ainous, rising in the S. part into Killingtnn Peak, the sum- mit of which is 8,924 feet above tide-water. Drained by Quechee r. Pop. of t. 57S, Sherecp.ne Mills, p. v.. Fleming co., Ky. : on E. bank of Licking r., 63 m. E. by N. Frankfort. SnEREtTRXEViLLE, p. 0., Lake CO., Iml. : 125 miles N. "W. Indianapolis. SnERTOAN. t. and p. o.. Chautauqne co., A'l K; 2SS m. W. by S. Albany. Lake Erie bounds it on the N. Drained by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. This is a highly cultivated farming district, with excellent water-power, several mills, and light manu- factures. The New York and Erie, and Lake Shore rail- roads pass through the town, and connect at Dunkirk, three miles W. Pop. 2,172. SirERMAN, t. and p. v.. Fairfield co., Conn. : 47 m. W. S.W. Hartford. 36 miles N. W. New Haven. Surface uneven. Drained by Eock r., a branch of the Housatonic. It con- tains several mills, a few stores, and tanneries. Population of t, 9>4. Sherman, p. v., Cook co.. III. : on the right bank of N. branch Chicago river, 19 m. N. by "W. Chicago, and 133 m. N. E. from Springfield. Sherman, p. v., and cap. Grayson county, Tex.: on Choctaw branch of Eed river, 247 mites N. by E. Austin City. SiTTT.MAX. t. and p. v.. Chautauque county. J-sston, p. v., Harrison co., Yirg. : on the E. side of the AV. fork of Monongahela r., 200 m. N.W. Richmond. 11 contains several mills and lumber yards, and has an exten- sive trade in lumber. SnipPEN, t. and p. o., M'Kean county, Pmn. : 111 m. N.W. Harrisburg. Drained by Driftwood branch and other trib- utaries of Sinemahoning cr. Surface rough and mountain- ous, with some fertile soil in the valleys. It h.as salt-works and springs on Driftwood creek. The Sunbury and Erie U. R. will pass through this place. SuirPE>RBin!G. p. b. and sta., Cumberhand co., P£7)i>. : on a branch of Conedogwinit cr., and on the Cumberland Valley E. R., 45 m. S. W. Harrisburg. It is located in the midst of a fertile country, and has excellent water-power. Four miles distant are two furnaces, with an annual capac- ity of 1,500 tons each. The "Weekly News'* (whig) is pub- lished. Pop. 1,573. Snii'PENSviLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. : on Paint cr., 149 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Two furnaces, located here, liave annual capacities of 1,100 tons and 1,4^)0 tons ; also a furge which in 1S50 produced 1,500 Ions bar i on. SninEMANTowN, p. v., Cumberland co., Penn. : 15 m. "VV. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley li.R. passes near the village. SjiiRL.iND, p. 0., Alleghany co., Penn. : 155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Shirley, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Mf.: 72 m. N. Augusta. Incorporated in 1S34. Watered by head branch- es of Piscataquis r., on which are mills. Pop. 250. SniKLEY, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Manft. : 35 m. N. "VV. by W. Boston. Bounded on the S. E. by Nashua r.-, and on the N. E. by Squanicook branch, each of which af- fords fine water-power. Surface generally low and level. The Fitchburg R. R. passes through the v. 40 m. from Bos- titant3 ; Pine Grove, with 504; Windsor, 210 ; Cox's and Snake Bars, 346, and Good- year's Bar, 356. Cultivated land 163 acres. Population at stone date 4,S55— whites 3,692—3,630 males, and 63 females ; negroes 42; mulattoes 7, and foreign residents 1,007— 1,033 males, and 34 females. Over 21 years of ago— citizens of the Vnited Suites 3,463, negroes 41, mulattoes 7, and for- eigiiers 976. Capital: DownieviUe. fiiERRA MoEiso, or Bkoavn MoiTNTAiNS, San Francisco CO., Calif.: the most remarkable conmioncc at a point about 10 miles S. of San Francisco city, and run along the coast until tliey unite with the range of same name iu the county of Santa Clara ; they are above 2.000 feet in height, and protect the inhabitants ol the valley from the coast winds. The soil in the valleys is rich and prmluclive. Several streams have their sources here, and some gold is found SiERKA Nevada mountains, Calif. (See Califobnia.) SiGouBNEY, p. v., Keokuk county, la. ; on a branch of Skunk r., 50 m. S. W. Iowa City. Pop. 102. 790 Sill's Creek, p. o., New Hanover co., N. Car.: Si m. S. S. E. Raleigh. SiLOAM, p. v., Madison co., y. Y. : 104 m.W. N.W. Albany. SiLOAM, p. o., Surry county, N. Car. : 126 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. Silver lake, Wyoming co., y. Y. : & beautiftil lake, lying- in the towns of Perry and Castile, 5 m. long an*! three-quar- ters of a mile wide, abounding with excellent fish, originally introduced from Lake Erie. Silver Bluff, ;S'. Cat': an eminence exterding about 2 m. along the bank of the Savannah river, about 1 m. wide, and elevated nearly 30 feet above the opposite shore. Silver Creek, p. v., Stephenson co.. /*;/. .• on the S. si0. The *' Silver Creek Mail" (whig) is a weekly issue. Silver Creek, p. o., Maury county, Tenn.: 35 m. 3. I'ashville. Silver Glade, p. v., Anderson district, S. Car.: E. of Twelve Mile creek, 95 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. Silver Hill, p. c, Davidson county, y. Car.: S9 m. W. Raleigh. SiLVEE Lake, p. c, "VTashtenaw co., Midi. : 45 m. S. £• Lansing. Silver Lake, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co.. rcnn. : 59 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Choeouut creek, and by Silver creek, outlet of Silver lake, a sheet of water three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, N. E. of which is Quaker lake. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. The v. on Silver cr. has several mills, etc. Silver Run, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio : 75 m. S. E. Columbus. Silver Run, p. v., Talladega co., Ala,: on Chockolocka creek, S6 in. N. by E. Montgomery. Silver Spring, p. o.,St. Francois co.,3/<>. ; 107 m.E. S. E. Jefferson City. Deposits of iron and lead are found in the vicinity. Silver Street, sta., Newbury dist, S. Car. : on the Greenville and Columbia R. R., 54 m. W. N.W. Columbia. SiLVEUTON) p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car. : 63 m. S. W. Columbia. Silver Top, Obion co., Tenn. : 137 m.W. Nashville. SiLVERViLLE. p. V.. Lawrcuce co., Ind. : on a branch of White r., 65 ra. S. S. W. Inrlianapolis. SiMMONB. p. o., Lawrence co.,Ohio: 99 ra.S. byE. Coluiribos. SiMMONsviLLE, p. o., Gilcs CO., I'i/'ff. .' 143 m. W. by S. Richmond. Sjm-m's Port, p. o., Avoyelles par., Za.: 73 m. N. W. Bal(»n Rouge. SiMONsviLLE. p. v., Wiiidsor CO., Venn.: on abranchof William's river, 73 m. S. Monlpclier. Simpson county, Ky. Situate S. toward tho W., and con- tains 2;^ sq. m. Drained by Drake's creek and brumhcs, which enter Big Barren r., in the E. of Warren co.. and by branches of Red r.. a chief tributary of Cumberland r. Sur- face level ; soil ft-rlile. and adapted to cotton and tobacco, whidi with wheat and Indian corn, form the staples. The SIM SIX boundary line of the State lies on its S. border. Fnrnis 6SG ; manuf. 37 ; dwell. 903, and pop. — wh. 5.755, fr. col. 43, al. 1,935— total 7.723. Capital : FraukUn. Public W&t'ks : LOuisvillo and Nashville E. K. SLMraox county, Miss. Situate toward the S. "W"., and contains 5S4 sq. m. Brained by branches of Pearl river, which bounds il on the W. Surface level; suit generally fertile, and adajitetl tn grazina:. Cbiuf jiroduoiiona, rice and eolton. I'arnis 451: manuf. S; dwell. 526, and pop. — wh. 3.190, fr. col. 8," si. 1,541— total 4,734. Capital: Westville. SiMPsox's, p. o., Floyd county, Vlrg. : 137 m. W. by S. Eichniond. Simpson's, sta., Preston co., Virf/. : on the Baltimore anil Ohio i:. l^, 113 ra. S. E. Wheeling, and 173 m. N. W. Kichmind. Simi'^on's Hn-L, P.O.. Laurens dist.,5. Car.: on E. side of Raotiurn's er., 06 ni. N. W. Columbia, Simpson's Store, p. o.jWashingtou co., Penn. : 175 m-W. Harrisburg. Simpson viLLE, p. v., Shelby co., Ky, : on Floyd's fork of Salt r., ISl m. S. W. Nashville. SiMPsoNTiLLE, p. o., Anne Arnndel county, Jiff?. SriisBUP.v. t., p. v., and sta., ITartfitrd co., Coun. : on "W. side of Farmingtoi>r., 11 m. N.W. Hartford ; by New Haven and Northampton or Canal TI. It., 43 miles N. from New Haven. Surface oft. is much diversified ; soil various. In the N. E. corner is the flourishius; manufacturing village of TarifTville. Pop. of t. in 1840, 1,S95 ; in 1S)0, 2,737. Sinclair's Bottom, p. c, Smyth county, Tirg.: 231 m. "W. S. W. PachmontL SiNEATii, v. and sta., Charleston district, S. Car. : on the South Carolina E. E., 13 m. N. W. Charleston. SiNEPiTXENT bay, ■Worcester co., Ud.: a large sheet of water inclosed from the Atlantic Ocean by the sand beach, called Assateague, or Fenwick's island. It is navigable CA\\\ for very small craft. SiNEPuxENT neck, "Worcester co., MrJ.: a long neck of land prfijecting into the bay so called, almost separated from the main by Trap and Herring creeks, between the waters of which the construction of a canal has been pro- posed. Sing Sing, p. v. and sta., "Westchester co., JVI K .• on E. bank of Hudson river; by Hudson Eiver E. E., 32 m. from New York, and llS m. from Albany. Situated on elevated and uneven ground, and presenting a picturesque appear- ance. Incorporated in 1813. Il has several landing-?, from which stearaboata and other vessels ply daily to New York, with which it has a large trade. It contains an iron foun- dry, ship-yard, grist-mill, some small manufactories, and 5 eburches. Mount Pleasant Academy, an incorporated in- stitution for boys, has a bandsome marble edifice, 3 stories hii^h above the basement. The Mount Pleasant Female Seminary is also an incorporated institution, haf ing a beau- tiful location. The Croton Aqueduct at this ]ihice is an ob- ject of much attraction ; it crosses over the Sing Sing kill by a handsome anh. of which the space between its ainit- ments is SS ft-et, and its elevation from the cr^ek TOO feet. Sing Sing is chiefly celebrated fi^r its very extensive qq^r- ries of excellent marble, large quantities ofwhioh are an- nually quarried and sent to New York and ntlier places ; these are chiefly worked by the convicts of the State Prison, located about half a mile S. of the village, on grounds com- prising 130 acres. The main building is 484 feet lons". 44 feet wide, 5 stories high, and contiiins 1,000 cells. Adjoining it are the various workshops, chapel, hospital, store-houses, nlc, all built of rough-dressed marble. The female con- victs are in a separate building. Tlie annual recr-ipLs of labor from the convicts are nearly equaled by the cj^pend- ilures. The average number of convicts in 1S50 was 721, Of whom SO were f.-niales. Pop. about 2.800. SiNMN-i; Ceefk, p. o., Botel/jurt co., Vii-g.: 131 m. W. Bichmoud. SrNKiNG'Spp.iNG, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on E. side of Brush cr., 61 in. S. by W. Columbus. Sinking Spexng, p. v., Berks county, Peiin. : 45 m, E. Harrisburg. Sinking Valley Mills, p. o., Blair co., Pcun.: 80 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. SiNNAMAnoNiNO, p. o., Cliuton CO., Penn.: 89 m. N. W. Harrisburg. SiNNAMAiioNiNQ rivcr, Pemi. : a large tributary of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., from the N. W., 5<» ra. long, emptying into the W. l)raiich in N. W. part of Clinton co. SiNsrNAWA mound. Wise : a noted elevation in Grant county, near the Illinois line, 12 m. N. W. Galena. Here has been established a Catholic college and Domiuican convent. Sioux county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 1.050 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Floyd's r., a tributary of Sioux r., which flows on its western border. Surface in general level, but in parts undulating, presenting a pleasing diversity in the nature of the coimty. Soil fertile, and fa- vorable to the growth of fruit, wheat, Indian corn, etc. It has some excellent timber. Set oflT since 1S50. Sioux river, Minn, and la. : more commonly named Big Sioux r., rises in one of tbe numerous lakes near the head of the elevated prairie land in the central portion of Minnesota Territory — flows E. S. E. about 200 miles, and em])ties into tlie Missouri r. Below 43^ ,30' N. lat., it forms the boundary between Iowa and Minnesota. SiPESViLLE, p. 0., Somerset county, Pemi. : 113 m.W.S.W. Harrisburg. SiPPJCAN, p. v., Plymouth co., Masa. : on "W. side of ?ip- pican harbor of Buzzard's bay, 51 m. S. by E. Boston. The principal business of this v. is the manufacture of salt SiPSEvTuENPTKB. p. o., Tuscaloosa CO., Ala. : on the right bank of Sijisey r., 106 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Sip. JoiiN'fi EuN, p. o., and sta., Morgan co., Vii^g. : on the Balliinore an the traveler. From the sta. are to be seen two substantial cotton factories, and not a'sigu of a v. or hamlet in sight, those employed in them dwelling in the humble but neat abodes scattered alung this '• happy valley.*' The mills, embowered as they are in noble trees, look as though they were placed in some gentleman's park, did not the adjacent dingy blacksmith shops show that the precincts were those of a regular factory. These establishments were erected in 1S20, the brick portion in 1540, and are used exclusively for making cotton ticine, of which article 5,000 pounds are sent weekly " by rail" to Kew York. This improved town is the invention of the princijial jiroprictor of the mills, and owner of the grounds on wliich they stand, Major Jacob Sloat, from whom the place gets its name. He derives his domain from his grandfalhej, to whom it was assigned by five Indian chiefs in 1733, and the original deed of conveyance, being drawn up in a choii-e lingo, com- pounded of Dutdi and Indian, is quite a curiosity. Sloveusville, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn.: 77 m. ?7. N. E. Harrisburg. Smakh's, sta., Monroe co., Ga. : on the Macon and West- ern K..U., 19 m. W. by N. from Macon, and 51 m. W. by S. from Milledgeville. Smelseb's Mills, p. o., PvUsh co., Ind. : SS m. E. by 3 Indianapolis. SME SMI Smeltzee's Geove, p. 0., Grant co., Wise. : 65 m. S. W. Madison. Bueltzee's Moctnt, p. 0., Pickens dist., S. Car. : 135 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. SMiCKSBui:fi. p- v.. Indiana co., Penn. : on Mahoning cr., 12T ni. W. a. \V. Harrisburg. Smitu county, Miss. Situate S. centrally, and contain!* C15sq. m. Drained by head branches of Leaf river and branches of Pearl r. Surface uneven ;. soil in general good, and adapted lo cotton, which is the principal production of tlie CO. It has some fifle pasture land. F«irni8 4'25; manuf. S; dwell. 515, and pop.— wh. 3,073, fr. col. 0, si. 99S— total 4,071. Capital: Kaleigh. Smith county, Tenn, Situate toward the !;^., and contains 2SS sq. m. Cumberland r. passes through the co., by which and its tributfiry, Caney fork, and also by their branches, it is drained. Surface hilly ; soil fertile, the land in general being very productive and adapted to tobacco, which it pro- duces abundantly. Good cotton is also grown, ^nd fine crops of wheat and Indian corn are raised. It exports largL' qnaiiiilies of beef and pork. Farms 1.310; maiuif. 3*2; dwell. 2,4-J'2, and pop.— wh. 13,709, fr. col. 1S6, si. 4,517— total 1S,412. Capita^' Carthage. Smith county, Tejc. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1,041) sq. m. Drained by head branches of Angelina river and affluents of Neches r., which runs on its W. bor- der. Surface undulating; soil varied; on the rivera the l:tnd is generally rich, and consists of a fine black mold, favorable lo the growth of cotton and corn. Grapes grow wild, and might, by cultivation, be rendered valuable. It has many springs and numerous streams of excellent water. Farms 245 . manuf. 1 ; dwell. 603, and pop. — wh. 3,575, fr. ail. 0, si. 717— lolid 4,292. CapiUtl: Tyler. Smith D^u-e, p. o., Amit6 county. Miss. : S3 m. S. S. "W. Jackson. Smitiuteld, p. v.. Delaware co., /?w7. : on the X. bank of White r.. and on the Indianapolis and Bellefonlalne K. 11., 60 m^\ E. Indianapolis. Smithfield, t. and p. v., Somerset county, M<'. : 23 m. N. Angusta. The town contains East Pond and part of Miik Pond; has a few saw-mills and some manufactures. Pop. of t. 873. Smithfield. p. v., and cap. Johnson co., iV. Car. : on the E. side of Neuse river, 20 ra. S. E. Ealeigh. It cont:das a ojurt-house, jail, and other county buildings. Pop. 321>. Smithfiklo, t. and p. v., JeCferson county, Ohio : 111 m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained, by branches of a .stream flowing E. into the Ohio river, affording good mill-power. Surface much broken; eoil adapted to grain and grajw. The t contains several stores and flouring-mills, a tannery, etc. Pop. of 1. 1,SS2. Smithfiei-d, sta., Mahoning co., OJiio: on the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. I!,., 57 m. E. by N. Wooster, and 117 ra. JJ. K. Columbus. Smithfield, p. v., Polk co., Tex.: on E. bank of Trinity river, 174 m. E. by N. Austin City. Smithfield, t., Providence co., R. I. : 9 ra. N. Providence. Tliis large ami important manufacturing t. comprises sev- eral large factory villages, described in order, of which Woonsocket Falls and Slatersville are among the largest. Great wuter-power is furnished by Blackstone river (which bounds it on the E.)and its branches, particularly at Woon- eocket Fallm. where it has a descent of about 20 feet in a short distance, over a rocky precipice. Surface undul.iting, and in some parts rough, but for the most part agreeably divcrsifled; soil gmvelly and sandy loam, and generally fertile, with S'>me low and marshy tracts. Limestone aimuuds, and the manufacture of lime is extensive. eini)loy- ing many persons. There is a quarry of whitestoisc at Woonsocket Hill, valuable for furnace hearths, and 2 miles Croin this a quarry of excellent whelslones. In the S. part of the t<)\\n is Scott's Pond, a con.siderable body of water, of great depth and sleej) shores. The factories are chiefly en- gaged in making print goods, cotton goods, etc., but other mills are numerous. In the t. are 5 banks, with aggregate capital of $oS4,77o. Population iu 1S40, 9,534; in IS50, 11.500. Snuthfif.ld, p. o., Fayette co., Petin.: in a hilly region, on left bank of the Youghiogeuy r., 133 m. W. S. "W. Harrisburg. Smithfield, p. o. and ata., Henry co,, Kij. : on the Louis- ville and Frankfort R. E., 30 m. N. W. Frankfort. Smithfield, p. v., and cap. Isle of Wight co., Virr/. : on an inlet of James' r., 25 m. W. by N. Norfolk and 5S m. S. E. Richmond. It contains a court-house and other county buildings. Pop. 433. Smithlasd, p. v., Livingston co., Ky.: on the Ohio r.. at the lower side of the mouth of Cumberlan0 to 401) yards; soil rich and well watered. Green Valley lies E. of Suscol Ilills,-and is about 6 m. long and from 1 to 2 m. wide; a largo portionis always green — hence its name. Suisson Valley lies N. of Suisson bay, and is easily accessible by the Suisson r., which runs through its centre; it opens out on the E. into the Sacramento Valley. Soil exceedingly fer- tile, and much cuJiivated. Ulattis Valley lies farther to the N. E. and is 5 m. long and 1^ wide, runs N. W. between two hills, and opens out into the Sacramento Valley, wdiich last extends as far as the eye can reach, and Is covered with wild oats, and is not liable to inundation. North of Vallejo, four miles, there is a large soda spring running from Suscol Valley to Napa bay; and 3 m. E. of this there i% another, which, winding through low hills, and passing throuiih the same valley, empties into the same bay. A sulphur spring, of warm temperature, about 3 m. N. Benicia. gives name to the valley through which it passes. Mining is in this county oidy a secondary industry; its great and most valuable in- terest is agriculture, f->r which its climate and soil Is pecu- liarly adapted. Orchards and vineyards are seen in several parLs, and the productions of 5,949 acres under cultivation in 1^52 were very large. Capital employed in quartz mining, $S.00tJ; in other mining operations, $24,000 ; and for other purposes, $110,900. Pop. at the date specified 2,S35— whites 2.7-2G— males 2,324, and females 402 ; negroes 2?— males 26, and f*rm.ile3 2; mulaltoes, 25 males; Indians 4G— males 31, and females 15 ; and foreign residents S91~males 790, and females 101 ; citizens of United States over 21 years of age, 1.298. Capital: Vallejo or Benicia. Public Works: Be- nieia and Marysville R. R. SuLEMS Grove, p. v., Moore CO., N". Car. : S. side James' creek, 53 m. S. S. AV. Raleigh. SouDAn mission, Monterey county, Calif. : 19 m. S. E. 795 SOL SOM Monterey, and 111 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. It is lueated in a rich and fertile valley, and is celebrated tor its fine vine- yards. The lands are owned by private individuals. Solon, p. v., Johnson cc, la. : on a branch of the Iowa river, 11 m. N". Iowa City. Solon, t and p. v., Somerset CO., Me. : on the E. side of Kennebec r., 45 ra. N. Augusta. Drained by small streams, tributaries of the Kennebec. It has a considerable pond in the N. E. part. Soil fertile, and well adapted to general farming. The v. is pleasantly located on the Kennebec r., and has some mamifacturos. Pop. of 1. 1,419. Solon, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, N. Y. : 116 m. W. Albany. Drained l)y Otselic r. and brrmehes of Tioughnio^a river. Surface undulating; soil of good quality, adapted to grazing. The v. is on a branch of Tionghnioga r., and has some manufactures. Pop. of t. 1,150. Solon, t. and p. v., Cuyahrtga county, Ohio : 122 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Chagrin r. and its branches, and by Tinker or., on the former of which there are a number of falls which afford extensive water-power. Surface level ; soil of the highest fertility, producing grains in abunrlauce and excellent grass. The v. is centrally situate. The t. contains several manufactories. Pop. 1,033. Solon Mills, p. v., M'Henry county, III. : on S. side of Nipasink cr., 4 m. S. of N. boundary of the State, and 193 m. N. E. Springtield. SoLSviLLE, p. o., Madison co,, 2i. Y.: 96 m. W. by N. Albany. SoMEKFiELn. p. v., Somerset co., Pertn. : on the E. bank of Toughiogheny r., 133 m. W. S. "W. Ilarriaburg. SoMERS, t, and p. v., Tolland county. Conn. : 20 ra. N. E. Hartford. Drained by Seantic r. Surface on the W. level and fertile ; on the E. elevated and mountiinous, with good pasturage for sheep. The v. is located on one of the head branches of Seantic river, and contains a manufactory at wliich straw hats are extensively manufactured. Popula- tion of 1. 1,.510. SoMEis, t and p. v., "Westchester co., J\^. T. : 92 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Croton river and tributaries. Surface uneven, with some extensive pinins; soil adapted to grain and grass. The village contains a bank and 2 churches. pop.oft.lJ22. SoMBESET county, 3fe. Situate toward th*e N. W. of the State, and contains 3,S40 sq. m. Kennebec river lia\in2; its rise in Moose-head lake, flows through the co. centrally, by which and its tributaries, and by Penobscot and other fine streams it is drained. Surface varied— in styme parts elevated, and its hiils and valleys present a plea.**.ant prospect. Soil fertile in the southern portions, but the N. is mostly wilder- ness, with numerous lakes interspersed. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Agriculture is the lead- ing pursuit. Farms S.SIS; manuf. 15.5; dwell. 5,917, and pop._wh. 35,5TT, fr. col. 4^total 85,551. Capital: Nor- ridgewock. Somerset county, Md. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 4S5 Bq. m. Drained by Annemesic, Manokin, and "Wicomico rivers, and branches of Nantiooke river, which fnrins its N. "W. boundary. Surface low and level, and a large portion is marshy. Soil, with cultivation, is fertile, and the swamp, when drained, makes good pasturage. It contains some sulphur and mineral springs, and beds of bog-iron ore. Oak, pine, ash. cedar, chestnut, and maple arc found on the land, which is in general well timbered. Farnisl,4S5: manuf. 7G; dwell. 3.1 r>S, and pop.— wh.l3,3S5, fr. col. 3,4S3, si. 5,5S8— total 22,450. Cdjntal: Princess Anne, Somerset county, jv; Jer. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 232 sq. m. Karitan r. passt^s through it centrally, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface diversified; soil a fine deep mold on the streams, and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. It exports pork and sheep very largely. Farms 1.550; manuf. 137; dwell. 3.44S, and pop.— Wh.i7,965,nr.col. 1,696,81. 27-^totaI 19,6S8. Capital: I 796 Somerville. Pttllic 11 oris : New Jersey Central E. R. ; Delaware and liaritan CanaJ. Somerset county, Perm. Situate S. toward the "W.. and contains 977 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Youghiogheny and Conemaugh rivers. Surface hilly, and in the N. IrV. is Laurel Hill Mountain. The Alleghany range forms its ea^^- ern boundary. Soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain in great abundance. It has excellent pasturage, and large numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened annually and ex- ported. Farms 1,613; manuf. SS; dwell. 13,969, and pop. — wh. 24.317, fr. col. 99— total 24.416. ' Capital : SomerjeL Somerset, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Ay. : 73 nw S. byE. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, county offices, etc. Somerset, t. and p. v., Bristol co.. Mass. : on the W, side of Taunton r., and opposite Fall Kiver, having Mount Hope bay on the S., 43 m. S. Boston. Its navigable facilities are excellent. It has some shipping, and ship-building is car- ried on. In 1&49 the imports of sperm oil amounted to 140 barrels. The v. is located on Taunton r., and contains manu- factories of stone and earllien ware. Pop. of 1. 1.166. Somerset, t. and p. o., Hillsdale county, Midi. : 4S m. S. Lansing. Drained by head branches of Kaisin r. It con- tains the highest land in the Slate. Soil fertile, producing wheat, com, oats, etc. Pop. 913. Somerset, p. v., Monroe co., Mo. : on the "W. side of Salt river, 68 in. N. Jetferson City. Somerset, p. v., Wabash co., Ind. : on the right bank of the Mississinewa river, on the State road, 68 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Somerset, t. and p. v., Niagara co., K, Y. : bordering on Lake Ontario, 31 ra. N. E. Niagara City, and 256 W. by N. Albany. Drained by Golden Hill cr, and. other streams flowing into the lake. Surface even ; soil, sand and clay loam. It h:is some manufactures. The v. is on a small stream near the lake. Pop. of I. 2,154. Somerset, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ohio: on the Cincinnati, "Wilmington, and ZanesviUe E. K., 37 m. E. by S. Columbus. It contains the court-house, jail, and other county buildings, an academy (the St. Mary's — Catholic), several stores, etc. The "S. Post" (whig), and "Perry Co. Democrat" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Pop. 1,240. The Dominiean Convent of St. Joseph^s (Catholic) is located aesx the village. SoMEiu^ET, t, p. b., and cap. Somerset co., Penn. : 115 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Laurel Hill, Middle, and Cox's creeks. Surface undulating ; soil fi-rlile. It has several small manufactories, mills, etc. The b. on Cox's cr., was . incorporated in 1Sf Long Island, between Grt*at and Little Peconic bays and the Atlantic Ocean, U2 m. S. S. E. Albany. Surface level ; soil light sandy loam. The v. on the B. shore, contains a church, academy, 3 wind-mills, with several taverns, stores, etc. Sag Harbor, in N. E. corner of the I., is its principal place, besides which are several small settle- ments. Pop. of t. 6,501. Southampton, t. and p. o., Somerset co., PetVn.: 105 m. "U". S. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by y^'iWs, cr. and tributaries. Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grain and grazing. It contains several amall manufactures. SouTu Andovek, p. o., Oxford co., Me, : 51 m. W, N. "W. Augusta. South Anna, p. o., Louisa county, Vlrg. : 45 m. N. "W. Eichmond. South Aegyle, p. o., "Washington county, IT. Y. : 40 m. N. by E. Albany. , SoiTTn AsHBUKNHAM, V. and sta., Worcegter co.. Mass, : at the junction of the Cheshire R. K with the Vermont and Massachusetts E. E.,13 m. W. Fitchburg and 49 m.W. N.W. Boston. South Assteia, p. o., Barry county, Mich.: 85 m. S-W. Lansing. South Arri-ECOKOtrGn, p. v., Bristol co., Mass.: 84 m. S. S. W. I^Qston. South Aubukn, p. c, Susquehanna co., PeTin. : 108 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. South Avon, p. o,, Livingston county, 27'. Y.: 214 m. "W. by N. Albany. South Bajnekidge, p. v., Chenango co., JV: 3^ .• on both sides of Susquehanna r., 98 m. W. S. W. Albany. It con- tains a few stores and mills, and 2 churches. South Barke, p. v., Orleans co., A"". Y. : 234 m. W. by N. Albany. South Barre, p. v., "Washington co., Verm. : 8 m. S. S. E. Monlpelier. South Belungham, p. v., Norfolk countj', Mass. : 20 m. S. W. Boston. The Norfolk County R. R. passes near it. South Bend, p. v., Arkansas county, ArA: : on the right bank of the Arkansas r., 6S m. S. E. Little Rock. South Benp, p. o., Armstrong county, Penii, 18T m. W. by N. Harrisburg. South Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., Mo, : 132 m. 8. W. Jefferson City. South Bend, p. v., and cap, St. Joseph co., Ind.: on the south ben m. N.W. by W. Albany. SOU Sotrm BcTLEB. p. o„ Butler county, Ala. : 49 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. There are springs located in the vicinity. Sooth Bteon, p. o., Genesee eo., JV. i'. : 22= m. W. by N. Albany. Soura CAmO, p. o., Greene county, JV. 1' •■ 2'J ra 9. by TV. Alljany. South Ojjkaan, p. o., Essex county. Term. : TO m. N. E. Montpelier. SotJTU Oakaan, p. v., Litchflel.i co., Cimn,: on Ilollen- back r., on a tributary of the Housatonic. 3") m. X. W. liy W. Hartford. Establislmients for the manufacture of aneliors. etc.. are located on the llollenback and Hous.uonic riviirs. and there is .also a satinet manufael ory in tlie v. Lime- stone is found here, and lime of a superior quality is manu- factured and exported. South Candor, p. v. and sta., Tioga co., .V. Y.: on tho Cav-uga and Susquehanna li. K.,.') miles N. Osweir.J. 05 S. E. Cayuga, and 13S S. W. by W. Albany. ( THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. SorrniC.ROLTVA is Situate between the latitudes 820 04' and 35012' north, and between the longitudes TSO 25' and Sa" l^^t l^oS G eenwich, or 1^ 2S' and »o n' fro.n Washington. Its shape is irreg.darly tmu.gular. The d.s^ance north anTsouth on the meridian of Savannah is 212 miles, and from the bead of ■^"^«>^^ ^^^ ^^^^Z^ of T ittlc River on the east, 263 miles. On the south-east the Atlamic forms lU boundary for ui.w.ird of -00 "nles , on me omu^'est d^vfdin. i from Georgia, the Sa>annah Eiver for 240 miles, or following the wmdmgs of the stream, upward o^S mdes-and the north hue, separating it from North Carolina, is an irregular eonvcnfonal bound.ary. Includeil within these limits the land area is estimated at 24.500 square miles. . ^ ..^ „ ,„, „.,„,. n„,l The coalt region for 100 mUes from the ocean is covered with forests of pitch pine, mtersected w,th »^vampy trac s, an, inecoasir m assimilates the whole southern coast region. Beyond this, and TarX 'o it^^ is iS of ; tTy, c^led the "Middle Country," consistingof low sand hills, rese.nbling the waves of an Se 1 se.? Ths tract occasionally presents an oasis of verdure, or a plantation of mai.e, but otherw-ise >t is forbidding lie IVr^ llurist The middle country is bounded westward by another belt of land, called the ' Eidge, where he ounryTeyu steep and sudden elevation, and anerward continues gradually to ascend. Beyond, he -^face ex lihits a be dif 1 alt/mation of hill and dale, interspersed with extensive forests, and watered by pleasant streams There are a few n u™u m in the westerti part, belonging to the Blue Eidge. Tabic Mountain, in this chain rises to the height of loOO feerabove the level of the sei King's Mountain, in York District, lies partly in North Carolina, and ,s an iso- '''^:;Z;;;::,rivS:t™SrhavetheirsonrcesintheBlueEidge. ThegreatPee^^^ of Ya.lH n Norih Carolina, r-aches Winyaw Bay, after Having received the ^-aters of Lynch's Creek and Black In from 1 eXt and the Little Pee Dee and Waecamaw from the left. It is navigable for steamboats to Cheraw ab ve wZh the e is a fall of IS feet in 18 miles. The Santee, the greatest river of the State, is Crmed by the unclion of 1» Xt^wb or Water e and the Congaree. and it reaches the sea without receiving any considerable tnbulary by two mou hs. ~ k^alendUt: Ca^len L Columbia, and by the aid of canals, there is ^^l^^l^^;^:J^^:'^- Th,. Conoar-e is itself formed by the junction of two considerable navigable streams, the baluda and the Broad n^ ers. 1 l.c S isto C^ira^ee and clsaw'atchie, are smaller streams, in the sonthem par. of the «f '»; ""^ ; Ch^™: fom e^ hv .m.^11 vessels Ashley Eiver isnavigable by schooners 20 miles, and Cooper's P.iver, which joins it at Chariestnu, .30 miles ,^t,r'^inteCantl Alt ough most of these rivers are navigable, as a general thing the lower parts of their courses are lllsiiiiipigssli meneed, many of them were the haunts of alligators, and heir thiW wood ™'^^- .'^^ ,,^. ,„^,^ ^^^^^^ ^^ .„ ,1 JSm^ ol..,.^ to the anriferous belt of the Atlantic slope, and for a number of years past the producliou of gold has tlie State liolongs louu. Buri.Li JUS I..C „„';,, i,, ,»veral ca-ses lar'e nus^'elsuf naive metal have been lK~Ht:>^'---^°^-- --^^ '"^ gra..,.. marble, and fl— or SOUTH CAKOLINA. Massachusetts and Connecticut are bettor known in Charleston and other cities, than those of the State (Snuih Carolina), notwiihstanding the abundance and quality of the latter. In choosing building materials, slreni^th and n-sistance lo external agents are among the principal requisites." * * * * *^The granite and sienite around Cohmihia arc of this char- acter. Among the beautiful granites of the State, the porph\Titie granite of Camden and Buffalo Crt'Cb, and the red granite near Columbia, are conspicuous. Of the sienites, those found in AbbeTiIle, Fairfield, and Lexington are the most beaiilifiil. The former resemblea the Quincy granite, and the latter is remarkable for its white feldspar, contrasting so Btrikingly with the black crystals of hornblende. The white and variegated marble of Spartansburg and Laurens form excellent materials for building and ornamental purposes.*' * * * * ^'Gneisa, besides furnishing an exei.;llent building stone, is often sufRcienLly slaty in its structure to allow of being split into slabs. A fine quarry of this sort is open at Pickens. In the lower part of York gneiss is fonnd, having a similar structure : it passes into mica slate, which presents every appearance of making an excellent flagging stone." * * * * "The mica slate found in Fairfield is equally prom- ising^*' Soapstone of very fine quality is found at some of the above-named localities; and porcelain earth abounds tlirough the primary region, wherever the fcldspathic granite is found in a slate of disintegration. Localitii-a are so well known as " chalk hills," that they nVed not be enumerated. A long-known locality occurs above Pen/-secoJi , Total , ^ , Years. Persons. Free. Slave. Tot.al. Population. Numerijal. Percent, 1790 140,178 1,801 107,094 108,S95 249,073 — — 1800 196,255 3,135 146,151 149,336 845,591 96,513 8S.T 1810 214.196 4.,554 196,365 200,919 415.116 69,624 20.1 1820 237.540 6.726 258,476 265,201 502,741 87,626 21.1 1830 257,863 7,921 315,401 323,322 681,135 73,444 15.6 1840 259.089 8,271 317,088 325,809 694,893 13,218 2.8 1850 274,623 8,900 384,984 893,834 668,507 74,109 12.8 The general statistics of the State regarding its productions, manufactures, commerce, and institutions, according to the census of 1350, and other official returns for that year, were as follows : Occupied Lauds, etc. — Improved farm lands, 4,072,651 acres, and unimproved lands, 12,145,049 acres — valued together at $32,431,684. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 30tb June, 1350, was 29,969. Value of farming imple- ments and machinery, $4,136,354. iM.'<^5(<>c*.— The number of live-stock or domestic animals for the two periods 1840 and 1850, according to the census of those years, was comparatively : 1810. ISiO. Increase. i 97,171 head ) 4,733 head, or 8.G per cent. I 87,483 " f . 1 r 193,244 20,604 603.935 235,551 1,065,503 —the value of all live-stock in 1850, was $15,060,015. Prodiiets of AnimaU.—'W ool, 487,233 pounds ; butter, 2,981,850 pounds ; cheese, 4,970 pounds ; and the vtilue of animals slaughtered in the year had been $1,.302,637. Tbe wool crop according to the census of 1840 amounted to 299,170 pounds; and hence the increase exhibited in 1550, was 138,063 pounds, or 62.S per cent. The product per fleece in 1340, was 20.1 ounces, and in 1850, 27.3 ounces, showing an increase of 7.2 ounces, or 35.3 per cent. &rain (>o/».— Wheat, 1,066,277 bushels ; rye, 4:J,790 bushels ; Indian corn, 16,271,4,>t bushels; oats, 2,322,155 bushels; barley, 4,583 bushels ; and buckwheat, 2S3 bushels. Comparing the above with the products according to the census of 1840, the following results are obtained: Crops. 1840. 1860. Movement. Wheat 968,354 bushels 1,066.277 bushels incr. 97,923 bushels, or Description. Horses Mules and Asses Milch Cows Working Oxen Other Cattle Sheep 282,981 Swine 678,.532 !■ 129,921 head. (■572,61 3,608 ( 193,244 " > A 20,.504 " V. I 603.935 " » .205,075 . 62,570 .136,971 or 85.8 or 22.6 or 21.8 Eye 44,733 Indian com 14,722,805 Oats 1,486,203 Barley 8,907 Buckwheat 72 S02 43,790 .16,561,454 . 2,322,155 4,583 283 deer. 8,049 , j«cr. 1,448,649 iiicr. 845,947 iner, 616 , i?icr. 211 10.1 percent. 2.1 9,9 66,9 15,5 273,0 SOUTH CAROLINA. Other Food Crop.?.— Face, 159,930,613 ^mmJs; pens mi il ht-ans, l.OSt'.goo Imslids; potutoos— Irish, 13C,494 bushels, and sweet. 4,337,469 bushels. The rice crnp of 1.S40 was Oi},59l),SGl poumls. atid the increase in I'^oO was 99.:3'19,7D'2 pouiMis, or 163.9 per cent. About throe-lour I hs of the wliole rice crop [;;r<»wn in the United Stales is prothiccd in Soulb Oiirolinn, the proportions being as 1.599 to 'i.loii. The crop of potatoes in IS-W, amounted to 2fG9S,S13 bushels, and henee the increase over this in 1S50 was 1,775,650 busliels, or G6.6 per cent. Mm-''ll3-')poun6. 'ilir prin- cipal of these crops in 1840 and 1850 compare as follows : Crop-*. \.?A0. 1^'vl. MV,T«m.-tit, Ttibaeco 51.519 pounds 74.2.^5 pouiuls increasi? 23,776 pounds, or 46.1 jier cent Cotton 61,710,274 '* 132,396.4(HI '■ " 70,6s6.1-i(; '' or 114.s Hay 24.6IS tons '20.925 tons decrease 3.693 tons or 15.0 " Sugar 80,(100 pounds CIl.'JiiO ptnmds increase 641,2(i0 pounds, or 2,'_*37.;> " "Wine 64::i gallons O.SSO gallons '■ 5,137 gallons, or 79^.9 " Silk cocoons, 2,080 pounds 123 pounds decrease 1,957 pounds, or 9(1.7 " Homi-maOe JIt -Tune, ISoO, to the value of $909,525. The same class of goods for the year preceding the census of 18 to. were vahici at $930,703, Manufactures. — Total capital invested, $0,000,0011; value (»f all raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $0,000,000; hands employed 00,000— males 0,o00. and females 0,000; monthly cost of labor $00o.000~raale $000,000, and fenialo $nO,000; value of products for the year, $0,000,000. The number of m a nttfac luring establishments in operation and ])rodneing to the annual v.alue of $.!)00 and upward on the 30tli June, 1S50, was 1,473, distributed to the counties according to the ex- hibit of the general table. Of this number 13 were cotton factories. 91 tanneries, and 6 iron works. The total capital in* vested in manufactures in 1S40, amounted to $3,216,970. Capital invested in eotfmi manufactures, $857,200; cotton used, 9,929 bales; value of ail raw material, $295,971 ; hands employed, 919— males 399, and females 620; monthly cost of lalj<)r, $10,716 — male $5,565, and female $5,151 ; amiiial pro- ducts—sheeting, etc. 6.503,737 yards, and yarn l,348,:i43 pounds ; value of entire products, $749,333. In 1S40, there were in the State 15 cotton factories— capital $617,450; hands, 570; value of manufactures, $359,000. Capital invested in ^(;;»c/'?>.?, $1S4,3:j5 ; value of hides and skins used. $131,679; hands employed, 204; monthly cost of labor, $3,667; products of the year, 13,830 skins, and 110,000 sides of leather, valued together at $261,332. In 1840, the capital invested in 97 tanneries was $212,020 ; hands 2S1, and products — 6S,0S1 sides of u^iper leather, and 89,536 sides of sole leather. The iron mannfacture of South Carolina is confined to the manufacture of castings. In 1S50 there were 6 establish- ments in operation, having an aggregate capital of $185,700. The material used in these was 169 tons of pig iron, ,2,800 tons ore, and 405.500 bushels of charcoal and coke, valued as raw material at $29,128. Hands employed 155— males 153, and females 2 ; average wages per month — to males $13 59, and to females $4 ; castings manufactured, 1.230 tons ; total value of annual priKiucts, $S7,6S3. In 1840 there were in the State 4 furnaces, producing 1.250 tons, and 9 blooraerie!", forges, and rolling-mills, producing 1,165 tons ; fuel consumed, 0,334 tons; hands. ^8 ; and c.Tpital invested, $133,300- In the manufacture oi 7»a;( and .yyiritot/~s liquors^ Iha capital invested amonntsd to $3,475; Indian com consumed, 13,100 bushels; hands employed, 33; whisky and high wines proiluced. 4:^.900 g.-illons. In 1S40, 251 distilleries em- ployed 219 men, and produced 102.2&S gallons; and the capital invested amounted to $14,342. The manufacturing establishments making up the whole number as ascertained, otherwise than those detailed above, consist chiefly of such as are usual in an agricultural State, as carriages, saddlery, etc., and the mills of various descrip- tions found in all parts of the country. At least one-half the whole cajiilai is employed in these multifarious interests. Foreign commerce. — The value of the foreign import and export trade in the year ending 30th June, 1S50. was as fol- lows — of exports $11,448,800, and of imporU $1,933,785. Of the exports. $11,446,892 was the value of domestic products- carried in American ships $6,467,201, and in foreign $4,979,091 : and $908 was the value of foreign goods re-ex])orted ; and of'the imports $1,813,658 was the value of goods carried in American, and $620,127 that of goods carried in foreign ships. The statistics of the shipping employed in this branch of industry in the year aforesaid, exhibit the annexed aggregates. Entered. rir:':HVil. Total. NatKinnlity <.fSl.i|.|.,n.. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. lor.-*. Clews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. American ....168.. ..53.T11 .. . . 2,206 . . ... 205.. . . 72,222 . . .. 2,781 ... .... 80S.. ..124,933 .. . . 4,987 Foreiuti .... 142 . . . . 44,205 . . ... 1,947.. .... 170.. . . . .V2,S30 . . . . . 2,235 . . .... 312 .. . . 97,035 . . . . 4,183 Total... .... 305.. ..96,916 .. . . . 4,153 . . .....3T5 .. .. 125,062 .. ... 5,016 .. . . . . 6S0 . . . . 221,96S . . . . 9,169 Districts. Charleston . .. .....303 .. . . 96,619 . . ..4,139 .. .... 351 .. . 121,3CiT .. . . 4,S.'>9 . . . .... 424 .. . . 217.9SG . . . . 8,993 Geiirgeiown . . 2 .. ... 29T.. ... 14.. .... 24 . .. 3.GS5 .. ... 157... 26 . . . . 3,',)S2 . . .. 171 Coasting Trade, InUrnal Imjyrovementu, etc. — The great bulk of the commercial material of South Carolina and the State;? westward using its ports, is carried to New York for a market and for exportation, and in like manner these Slates are supplied with foreign goods from the same mart. This arrangement creates an immense coasting trade, which in South Carolina ehi1 7,705 1834 11,119,565 1,787,267 1835 11,838,016 1,891,805 1836 18,684,876 2,801,.361 1887 11.220,101 2,510.860 1838 11.042.070 2,818,791 1S89 10,8^7,426 3,080,077 1840 10.086,769 2,058,870 1841 8,043,284 l,6o",431 1S42 7,525,728 1,359,465 1843 7,760.809 1,294,709 1S44 7,43.3,283 1,131.615 1S45 8,890,643 1,143,153 1846 6,848,477 902,538 1847 10,431,517 1,580,653 1843 8,031,917 ....". 1,485,299 1849 9,701,176 1,475,695 1860 11,447,800 1,933,785 BanJc^j etc, — On the Ist January, 1850, there were 12 banks and 2 branch banla in the State, the condition of which at that date was a3 folkiws : UahUiti&i — capital, $13,139,571 ; circulation, $8,741,706; deposits, $3,322,132 ; due other banks, $2,047,777; and other liabilities, $642,231 ; and 08sf(s— loans and discounts, $20,601,137; stoclis, $1,349,468; real estate, $377,671; other invt-stments, $848,530; due by other banlis, $2,550,942; notes of other banks, $715,093; specie funds, $239,278 ; and specie, $1,711,902. GoT^eniment, etc. — The first constitution of South Carolina was framed in 1775. The constitution adopted in 1790 is the basis of the government !13 at present administered. Every free white citizen of the State, 21 years of age, resident in the State two years, and owning a freehold of fitly acres, or a town lot, six months before the election, may vote wherever he so resides or holds such property. The general electinn is held on the second Monday of October annually. Tlie Leghliiture consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, 124 in number, are chosen for two years on a mixed basis of population and taxation, and must be free white men, 21 years old, citizens and residents of the State for three years, and if resident in their election district, seized of a freehold estate of 500 acres and ten negroes, or of unencumbered real estate worth £150, and if non-residents, of an unencumbered freehold worth £500. Senators, 45 in number, sliall be free white men, 30 years old, citizens and residents of the State for five years next before the election; if residents of their districts, shall own a freehold of the clear value of £300; if non-residents, of the clear value of £1,000 ; and sliall be chosen for four years, one-haif the number of senators every- two years. The legislature assembles at Columbia annually on the fonrth Monday in November. The Governor and Lieutenant-governor shall be 80 years of age, residents and citizens of the State for ten years, and owners of a settled estate within the Slate of the clear value of £1,600 each ; and shall be chosen by joint ballot of both houses of tlie Legislature for two years, and shall be ineligible during the succeeding four years. If the otHce of governor be vacant, it shall be filled by the lieutenant-governor, and alter him by the president of the senate, until it is filled by the General Assembly. The adminvitviitlve officers of the State are, the Secretary of State, the Comptroller-general, two treasurers, the sur- veyor-general, attorney-general, and the President of the Bank of the State of South Carolina. The jiitUciary consists of a Law Court of Appeals, and an Equity Court of Appeals, Courts for the Correction of Errors, Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions, etc. The Law Court of AppeaU, consisting of all the law judges, for hearing appeals from the Courts of Law, and the Equity Court ff Appeals, consisting of all the chancellors, for hearing appeals from the Courts of Equity, are held in the capital, in May and November, and at Charleston, for the determining of facts from the districts of Georgetown,Uorrv,IJcauftrt, Colleton, and Charleston, in the month of January. Courts for the Correction of Errors, consisting of all the judges in law and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where the law and equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto l>y either of Ibe courts, are held at such limes, during the sitting of the Court of .Appeals, as the chancellors and judges may appoinU Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions have original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except in matters of contract, where the account is $20 or under), and in all criminal cases affecting free white men; and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals from the magistrates' courts, and in appeals from the Court of Ordinary in all cases except in matters of account They are held in each and every district of the Stjite twice in each year. Courts of Equity \^\iti cognizance of all matters in equity, as contra'diptinguislied from law, and a term is held annually in each district, except in that of Charleston, in ■which two are held. The City Court of Charleston is an inferior court of both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and is presided over by a Recorder. An Ordinary's Court is established in cacli district. The principal duties of the Ordinary is to grant letters of administration, probate of wills, examining executors' and administrators' accounts, etc., and his office is the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration of estates. Appeal lies from this court in matters of account to the Cuurtof Equity, and in all other cases to the Common Pleas. Magistrates' Courts'h^vQ exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract and under $20. Courts ofjlai/istrates and FreeJiolders are estabhsLed for the trial of slaves and free people of color for criminal offenses. The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot of the Legislature, and hold office during good behavior. Sheriffs hold office for four years, and are inehijihle for the succeeding four years. 804 SOUTH CAROLINA. Amendments to the constitutinrj, if proposed by two-thirds "f the memhrrs of each house of the Le^iiskUure, must be published three months before the next election of represonuitives. and if agreed to by a vote of two-thirds of the members, at the next session, shall be adopted. No convention of the people shall be called unless by a vote of two-thirds of both houses. Federal Hep rexniM ion. —Smith Onroliua, in accordance wilii the law of 23d May, 1^50, is t-ntitled to Jive reprcsenlalives in Congress. This State is the only one of the Union in which Presidential electors are chosen by the Legisl.iture. ' The militia force of tiie S^tate, as reported by the Adjutant-jreneral of the United State.'j, in ISoO. consisted of 55,209 men of all arms, of which 2,591 were commissioned ofiicers, and 5*2, GIS non-commi.ssicued officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 19 were general officers, 96 ffcneral staff-officers, 452 field-officers, and 2,024 company-officers. The Governor is ^.i^-otficio Commander-in-chief in and over the It^tate of S^ulh Carolina. PttUic Finances^ Debt, tic, — The whole amount of moneys received into tho treasury, durinrt of the Legislature, in 1S50, is as follows: 5 per cents, issued for the capital oftheKailr<»adnank.!?4r,.7l4 34 ; KandolpUt^tock. §1,2.^0; l:evolulionarydebt,$TS,S10 6ii; per cents, due lS5tt, $3,726 n4; 6 per cents, due 1S52, $175,4i6 55; 5 per cents. Fire Loan Kor^-ign Debt due lS5s. $471,111 12; 5 per cent-s. t^o.due ISO?, $452,222 21; 5 per cents, domestic debt due lS6i),$4S2,222 2:^: 5 per cents. f^M. due 1870. ^325,803 92— total debt, $2,i'G1.2'J2 81. Since the adjournment of the previous Legislature $193,437 30 of the domestic, and $:i3.250 SO of the foreign dubt had been cancelled by the bank, besides §S,750 of the Kandolph Stock paid by the treasury. The net profits of the State Bank, for the past year, including $115,000 as arrears derive0 . . ] .000 I) 1,800 Puhlic Lihraries. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute, in 1851, there were in the State the ft)nowing libraries : 2 social — 2S,5U6 volumes ; 2 college — 19,000 volumes ; 4 stU'lents— 1 .300 voUimes ; 5 academic and professional — 10,264 volumes ; 1 public school— 250 volumes. Total 14 libraries, and .59.914 volumes. Pt^rindical /'ress. — The whole number of periodicals and newspajn-ra published in the Stale on the 1st June, 1S50, was 47, of which number 7 were [)ublished daily. 4 tri-weekly, 2 semi-weekly, 25 weekly, 5 montlily. and 1 quarterly. Of the whole, 22 were democratic in politics, an'i 25 whig, or neutral, or devoted to religion, literature, etc. Of the dailies, the aggregate circulation was 20,700 copies at each issue; of the tri-weeklies, — ; of the semi-weeklies, 925 ; of the weeklies, 25,990 ; of the monthlies, 5,7(t0; and of the quarferly, 1,600 copies. The mmiber anp«My, Eaplial 41.3, 165,805.. $29.3,863 Gcrmn Eef. — , — . .« - R, Calholic, 14 .. 6,030 . $73,815 Christian... — . — .. — Jewisli s . . 2,400 . 8S,700 Swedt'nb'g ,. — .. ConeryfTHt'I. 1 , 2,000.. 70,000 LiUhrrftn,.. 41 , . 14.750 , 109.,500 Tunkcr — .. — . — Dutrh Ref.. — . — .. — Mennonilti. . _ , — — Union — .. — , _ Episcnpnl.. 71. 25„'i40.. 615.450 Mftlic.ilist,. 467 . , 139.9-20 , 811,163 Tinitarian.,. 1 .. 7U0 .. 80.000 Free 5. \SxiO.. 1,700 Mnnivian.. — . — — Univer-salist, 2 .. 650 . 5.600 Friende 1. 600.. 500 Prcsbyter'D. 125. . M,465 . 471,125 Minor Secla. 19 ,, 6,62/; . 69,425 SOS sou sou , — making a total of 1,1G3 churches, having acoomraodation for 45^,930 persons, and valued at $2,140,346. SoiUh Carolina is a diocese of the Protustant Episcopal Church, and also forms a part of the Roman CalhoUc diocese of Charleston. I/iatnricdl S^etvlL—Qoulh Carolina, for many years after its settlement, was united under the same government as Norlh Carolina ; but as early as 1G71 il had been set off as the " County of Carteret in Carolina.'' and in 1715 had a sep- arate Iciiislature. In 1727 it became a royal colony. The jcpneral history of the colony, from its first settlement to the division of Carolina into North and South, is piven in connectiiMi with the description of North Carolina (wliich aee). The germ of the population of South Carolina was planted at Port Royal in 1670, but becoming disaatisfted with the locality, the colony removed the next year to llio banks of Ashley River, where they founded old Charleston. A second removal took place in IGSO to Oyster Point, at the coq- fliieneo of Ashley and Cooper rivers, where the i>resent city of Charleston was commenced. On the selUement of South Carolina, the proprietors engaged the celebrated John Locke to frame for them a conslitu* Uon and body of laws. The system of governinent proposed by the philosopher consisted of 120 articles, and was partly aristncratic and partly feudal in its principles. Three classes of nobility were established, viz., barons, caciques, and landgraves. The first were to possess 12,000, tlie second 24.000, and the third 4S,000 acres of land, which was to remain unalienable in their families. The legislature consisted of only on» 1k>usc, and was composed of the lords proprietors, the nobility, and deputies chosen by the free inhabitants holding lierilable property. This plan of government, ill suited to the condition ami views of the people, produced discord and anarchy. Its spirit was adverse to a democracy, and encour- aged the proprietaries in arbitrary proceedings. Religious disputes, however, at this time, were the great causes of disturbance. The Episcopalians being in a majority, attempted to exclude ilauts generally, there was also a minority favorable to the revolution ; ami about this time a revulsion was brought about even among the monarchical party, by orders having been given the governor to use immediately and effectually the militarj' in the subjugation of the dissentients. This circumstance seems to have determined the conduct of the colonists. During the long struggle that Hallowed, this State suffered much both from the British and Indians, and the lory interest among themselves. Tlie war in South Carolina was remarkable both for gene- ral actions of great importance to tlie public cause, and for the display of individual bravery and patriotism. The battles of Cowpens and Eulaw Springs may vie with any in the contest for skill and courage, and the names of Marion, Sumtey, and Lee will ever live on the page of history. The city of Charleston w.as twice besieged — once in 1776, unsuccessfully, and once in 17S0, when^atler a lietermined resistance its inhabitants and garrison fell into the hands of the enemy. The victory of Eutaw Springs in 17S1 relieved the State from the pressure of war, and contributed not a little to the successful issue of the contest The scenes of the battles and sieges within South Carolina occurred in the following chroiiological order: Fort Moultrie, 2Stb June, 1776; Port Royal, 1779 ; St John's, 1779 ; Monk's Corner. 14lh April, 17^0 ; Charles- ton. 12th May, ITSO; Camden, IGth August, ITSO; Bi'oad ^/y*'/', October, 17S0 ; TV^/*'/' /iVftr, October. 17So ; CoivpenSj l"lh .January, 17S1 ; Fort Watson, 14th April, 17S1 ; Hobkirk's Hill, 25 April, 1751 ; Ninety-Six, ISth June, 17S1 ; Eutaio S2)ri»ff'i, Slh September, 1781, the scenes of American success being noted in italics. The history of the State since this period has been one of interest It notes many phases in politics which have startled the public mind, and though comparatively a small Stale, its proceedings have occupied a large share of public attention. Its attitude on several important federal questions has been peculiar and independent, and so tenacious of '" State rights'' liave the people appeared, that on several occasions they have even gone so far as to threaten a separation from the Union. In these manifestations nf sovereignty, however, the patriotism of tho people has not suffered in the general esteem of the world ; and it may he^ added that the influence of the conduct of South Carolina has not been without its benefits to the Union, in restraining the federal aggressions and upholding the rights of States to the management of their own internal affairs. South Carolina, too, has given to its sister States an example worthy of imitation, in its advocacy of Southern industry and improvement. Among Soulliern Slates, this is second to none in its public works, and In many of its industrial employments ranks superior to any other in which slave labor is useil as a producing power. Columbia, on the east side of Cougaree River, is the political capital of tho Slate. Sorrn Carroll, p. v., Carroll co., Tt^mi. : on a branch of Forked Deer r., 102 m. 8. W. by W. Nashville. Somi Carrollton, p. o., Muhlenburg co., Kt/. : 143 m. 6. W.Frankfort SocTii Carver, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 89 m. S. by E. Boston. 806 South Cass, p. o., Ionia county, MicTu : S3 m. W. N. W. Lansing. South Coahlkston, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : on a brancb of the Little Miami river, and on the Columbus and Xenia E. R., S6 m. W. by S. Columbus. South Cila£lestown, p. v. and eta., Sullivan county, sou sou y. JTamp. : on the left bank of the Connecticut r., on the Sullivan R. K.. '2'2 m. S. from WinJsnr, :uk1 4:5 W. Conconl. SocTH Chesteeville, p. 0., Franklin county, J/c; on a DfanoU of Sandy r., 21 ra. N. W. Augusui. SopTH CuiNA, p. 0., Kennebec county, Me. : 13 m. N. E. Augusta. SouTu Co-LTTMHiA, p. 0., Herkimer county, K Y.: G3 m. N. W. by W. Albany. SouTU CuEixTit, p. v., Saratoga county, N. Y. : 30 m. N. Albany. South Cortlasdt, p. c, Cortlandt co., N. Y. : 132 m. "W. by N. Albany. South Coventry, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the "SVilli- mantic r.. and on the New London, Williniantio, and Palmer K. U.. 34 m. N. by W. New London, and 22 E. from Hart- ford. This is a flourishing place, and contains several wooteai factories for the manufacture of satinet warp, and the " Ea^rle Manufacturing Company" have their establish- ment for priming cloths in this v.— capital $20,000. There are from 50 to 60 opt-ralives employed in the manufactories. South Ceaftsbiieg, p. v., Orleans eo.. Verm.: 30 m. N. liy E. M"nipelier. There is a manufactory of woolen goods in the village. South Creek, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Perm. : 113 m. N- IJnrrislnirg. Drained by a stream so called, which af- fords power to several mills. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. The Williamsport and Elmira li. U. will pass through this town. South Dasby, p. o., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 144 m. S. W. Albany. South Daxsvelle, p. v., Steuben county. A''. Y.: on the Canaseraga r., branch of the Genesee r., 20S m. W. Albany. South Danvers, \. and sta., Essex county, Mass. : at the junction of ihe Kasex E. E. with the Salem and Lowell ami South Ri^ading Branch railroads, 19 m. S. E. Lawrence, 22 S. E. by E. Lowell, and 17 N. E. by N. Eostou. Soi'TU DAiiTMouxn, p. v.. Bristol co., Mass.: on Appone- gansett bay. 57 m. S. Boston. South Dedham. v, and sta., Norfolk co., Mass.: on the Norfolk County R. E., U m. S. W. Boston, South I)K^KF^ELD, p. v., Rockingham oo., Al Uamp. : on a branch of Lamprey r., IS m. S. E. Concord. South Deekfielo, v. and sta., Franklin oo., J/Ij-w. ; on the Connecticut River E. E.,2S m. N. Springfield, and SI m. "W. by N.Boston. South Deek Isle, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on S. pari of the island so called, 55 m. E, by S. Augusta. South Dennis, p. v., Barnstable co., 3fass. : on the left bank of Bass river. 67 m. 9. E. Boston. Common salt and epsom salt is manufactured in the vicinity. South Dickinson, p. o., Franklin co., jVI Y.: 150 m. N. by W. Albany. South Dorset, p. o., Bennington co., Verm. : 71) m. S. by W. Montpelier. South Dotee, p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 67 m. N. E. Augusta. South Dovee, p. v. and sta.. Duchess co.. A' }'. ; on the Harlem R. R., 73 m. N. by E. New Tork city, and 79 S. liy E. Albany. South Dresden', p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. of the Kennebei^ r.. 21 m. S. by E. Augusta. South Durham, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me.: 31 m. S. "W. Augusta. South Durham, p. o., Greeno co.. y. Y. : on a tribufarj^ of the Hudson r.. 3o m. S. \V. Albany. South Kast. U and p. o., Putnam county, A' Y. : 8S miles S. by E. Albany. The Harlem E. R. passes tlinuigh. hav- ing a sta. at Brewster's. 55 m. from New York. 99 from East Albany. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Drained I>y Croton r. It contains several mills of various kinds, a paper factory, and tanu'-ry. Pop. 2,079. South IIaston, p. c, ■Washington county, A'! Y. : 24 m. N. N, E. Albany. South Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 25 m. 3. Boston. StiuTH Eomeston, p. o., Otsego county. A'. Y. : 75 m. W. Albany. S(h;th Edwards, p. o., St. Lawrence co., A^. }'. : 13S m. N. N. W. Albany. South Egremont, j). v., Berkshire co., Mauri. : on a small brand) of Ilousatonie r., 122 m. W. by S. Bo.'^ton. South English, p. t., Keokuk co., fa. : on a branch of English r. 33 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. South Erin, p. o., Chemung co., 2i. Y. : 15G m. \Y. S. W. Albany. Soutiierland, p. 0., Jefferson county, Flor. : 2i miles E Tallahassee. South Farms, p. v.. Litchfield co.. Conn. : 2? ni. "W. by S. Ilartfonl, and 30 m. N. N. W. New Haven. It contains an academy and church. S(>UTHFiELD, %. and p. o., Oakland county, Mif7i. : 69 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by atfluents of the branch of Rouge r. Surface ■liversified; soil deep and fertile, well wooded. Pop. in 1S40, 1.061 : in 1S50. 1,65S. Southfteld. p. 0., Berkshire co., 3fass. South Fitchburg, v. and sta., Worcester county, Mass. : on the Fitchburg and Worcester R. E., 21 m. N. Worcester, and 40 W. N. W. Boston. South Florence, p. v., Franklin. co., Ala.: on the left bank of Tennessee river, opposite Florence, 1S5 m. N. W. Montgomery. Southfoed, p. o.. New Haven co., Conn. South Fork, p. o., Owsley co.. A';/. ; on a fork of Kentucky r., 77 ni. S. E. Frankfort. B students. The libraries contain about 4,700 volumes. SocTU Hanson, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : 23 m. S. S. E. Boston. South Hakdwick, p. c, Caledonia co., Verm. : 20 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. South Haki'etu, p. v., Davidson co., Tenii,: on the S. Bide of Harpetli r., 15 m. S. by W. Nashville. SouTK Haruisbueg, p. 0., Lewis co., K Y. : 129 m. N. "W. Albany. SouTu Haetford, p. 0., Oxford county. Me, : 27 m. VT. Augusta. South Hartfosd, p. v., 'Washington co., iV". Y. : 51 m. N. N. E. Albany. It contains 2 churches, tannery, grist- mill, and stores. South Hartwtck, p. o., Otaego co., JV'i K .* 6S m. W. Albany. South Harwice, p. o., Barnstable co., dfass. : on S. side of Cape Cod peninsula, 1 m. from the shore, 70 m. S. E. Boston. South Hawlet, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : 97 m. "W. by N. Boston. South Hermitage, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 40 m. S. E. HaiTisburg. South Heho, t. and p. v.. Grand Isle co., Vei'm-. : on S. part of Grand Isle ittLake Ciianiplaio, 43 ra. N. W. Mont- pelier. The surface rises gently from the lake ; soil is va- rious, but very fertile. Limestone is fi>und. A ferry con- nects the t, with Colchester Point. The t. contains a tannery, Btore, and 2 churches. Pop. of t 666. South Hill, p. o., Steuben co., K. Y. : 201 m. W. by S. Albany. South Hill, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 90 m. N. by E. Harrisburg, South Hill, p. v., Mecklenburg oo., Virg.: on a tributary of the Rriiinoke r., 63 m. S. W. Ilichmond. South HiNr.iiAM, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass.: 14 m. S. E. by S. Boston. Souni Hope. p. o., "Waldo co., JA .* 32 m. E. by S. Augusta. , SouTHiNGTON, t., p. V., and sta., Hartf(»rd co., Conn.: on New Haven and Northamptcm K. R., 22 m. N. from New Haven, 18 m. S. W. by S. Hartford. Surface uneven; soil fertile; watered by Quinnipiac river, which affords water- power. The town contains several grist and saw-mills, an academy, and 4 churches. Pop. of t, 2,139. SouTHiNGToN, t. and p. o., Trumbidl co., Ohio: 13S ra. N. E. Cohinibus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Sur- face undulating; soil fertile. The inhabitants are chiefly occupied iTi agricultural pursuits. Pop. 1,013. 80S Sorrn Jackson, p. v., Jackson co., Mic?i. : 3S m. S. by E. Lansing. South Kent, p. v., Litchlltid co., Co7m. : 40 ra. W. by S. Hartford, 3S m. N. W. New Haven. South Killingly, p. v., Windham co., Cwin.: 40 m. E. Hartford, Q^ m. N. E. New ILiven. South Kingston, p. o., llockiugham county, K. Hamp.: 32 m. S. E. by South Concord. South Kingston, t., Washington co., H. I. : 29 ra. S. by W. Providence. Bounded on the E. by Narragansett bay, and on the S. by Atlantic Ocean. This t., formerly part of North Kingston, is the largest t. in the State, coraprising 93 sq. ra. At its S. E. extremity is the noted Point Judith. Kingston village, in its N. part, is the capital of the county. The t. has an uneven surface ; soil of gravelly loam, and contains a large salt pond, and about 20 fresh-water ponds, one of which contains 3,000 or 4,000 acres. The fisheries on its shores are extensive and valuable. Many of its citi- zens are eraployed therein, and in navigation. The town also contains several factories, chiefly making woolen goods. The Stonington and Providence E. E. passes through its N. W. part. Pop. 3,S02. South KiETLANn, p. o., Lake co., Ohio: 13S m. N. N. E. Ci'Iumbus. South Kortright, p. v., Delaware county, A' Y. : 72 m. S. W. by W. Albany. South Laa'sing, p. c, Tompkins ca, Jf. Y.: 146 m. "W. Albany. South Lee, p. v. and sta., Berkshire co., Mass. : on Berk- shire E. E., 15 m. S. Pittsfield, 114 m. W. Boston. Here are several paper mills and an iron foundry. South Leeds, p. c, Kennebec county. Me. : on E. side of Androscoggin r, 21 hl W. S. W. Montpelier. South Lincoln, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : on E. bank of Penobscot r., 93 m. N. N. E. Augusta. South Livonia, p. o., Livingston co., A^. Y. : between Conesus and Hemlock lakes, 206 m. W. Albany. South Lodi, p. o., Seheca co., A^ Y. : on E. side of Seneca lake, IGl m. W. Albany. South Lot\'ell Mills, p. o., Orange co., IT. Car. : 33 m. N. W. Ealeigh. South Ltme, p. v. and sta.. New London co., Conn. : on the New Haven and New London E. E., 40 m. from New Haven, and 10 m. from New London. South Ltnpeborougu, p. o., Hillsboro* co.,^. Samp. : 26 m. S. S. W. Concord. South Lyon, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 54 ra. S. E. Lansing. South Manchester, p. o., Hartford co., Cdiin.: 9 m. E. Hartford. South Marcellus, p. o., Onondaga co., A^ Y. : 132 m. W. by N. Albany. South Maxfield, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on Piscata- quis r., S7 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. South Merkimao, p. v. and sta., Hillsboro' co., IT. Hump. : on Wilton Branch E. E., 5 m. fnun Nashville, 45 m. from Boston. 27 m. S. Concord. South Middlebokough, p. o. and sta., Plymouth county, Muss. : on Cape Cod Branch E. E., 8 m. from Middleboro', and 4S m. from Boston. South Milford, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 49 m. N- E Annapolis. South Milfokd, p. c, La Grange co., InJ, : 130 m. N.N.E. Indianapolis. South Milfokd, p. o., Otsego co., A'l Y,: GS m. W. by 8. Albany. South MtLfokd, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : 29 m. S. W. Boston. South Mills, p. o., Camden co., 2^. Car. : 145 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. South Molfncts, p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 142 m. N. N. E. Augusta. South Montville, p. o., Waldo co., Mo. : 2T m. E. by N. Augusta. sou sou South mountain, Washinglon am] Frederick counties, M'Lrtx well-tlefincd ridge of Ihe Alleghaniea, furmiug the boumiary between the two coniilies. SoiTU Nashville, p. o„ Davidson co., Tim, South Natick, p. v., MidiUesi-x co., Mass. : on 'W. side of Charles r., 14 m. "W. S. W. Boston. South New Berlin, p. v., Chonangn co., K. Y. : on W. bank of Unadilla r. It contains a church and a few stores. Pop. about ISO. * South Nkwbueg, p. v., Penobscot co., Me.: on a creek of Sowadiibscook r.,-47 m. N. E. Augusta. South Newuuey, p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 27 m. E. S. E. Monlpelier. South Newburt, p. o., Merrimac co., X. Uaynj). : 25 m. "W. by N. Concord. Booth New C-istle, p. o., Gallia co., Oldo: in a mineral coal region on the N. bank of the Ohio r., 99 m. S. S. E. Columbus. It contains several stores, a furnace, forge, and rolling-mill, etc. S'.LTii New Mahket, t, p. v., and sta., Eockingham CO., N. Ilamp. : 31 ni. E. S. E. Concord. Bounded on the E. by Squawscot r. and part of Great bay. The Boston and Maine It. K. passes through the v., 55 m. from Boston, 5tj m. fnini Porllund, and connects with the Portsmouth and Con- curd i;. K. 10 m. from Porlsm<^uth, 37 m. from Concord. Pop. 51 G. South Newport, p. v., M'Intosh co., Ga. : on the right bank of the river so called, about 9 m. from its mouth, 180 m. S. E. Milledgeville. South Newry, p. o., Oxford co., J/e. .• on a branch of Androscoggin r., 54 m. W. Augusta. South Nokwalk, p. v., and st:i., Fairfield co., Conn. : on "W. side of Norwalk r., near its mouth, and on New York and New Haven R, P., 44 m. from New Tork, 32 m. from New Ilaven. Tliis is the landing-place for steamboat a, and the conmiencement of the Danbury and Norwalk K. R., 24 m. from Dmiburj'. The v. has considerable manufac- tures, particularly of felt, beaver hats, and cloth. A most melancholy cata.strophe and awful loss of life occurred here Dn Friday, May 6th, 10 a.m., 1S53, when a locomotive, etc., with two passenger cars, were precipitated through the open drawbridge into the river below. The number of persons immediately killed and drowned was 47 ; 39 were very seriously injured, and many others much bruised, etc. The calamity was unprecedented since the introduction of railroads, and cast a gloom ovi-r the whole Union. Southolu, I., p. v., and sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : at the E. Bide of Long Island, between Long Island Sound and Great Peconic an a small i)ay of Long Island Sound ; and on New York and New Haven R. K., 52 m. from New York, 24 ra. from New Ilaven. The har- bor is convenient for vessels of 100 tons, is rarely frozen, and is protected by an exlcnsive breakwater cnnstrueleT), p. 0., Jefferson co., i\^. Y. : 13S m. N.W. Albany. SoDTu Etegate, p. 0., Caledonia co., Fe/VH. ; on Wells r., 22 m. E. by S. Montpelier. South Saint Geobgb, p. o., Lincoln county, 3fe. : 40 m. S. E. Augusta. South Salem, p. v., Westchester co., i\^ T. : on a small branch of Croton r., 9S m. S. Albany. South Salem, p. o., Eoss co., 0?iio: 42 m. S. Columbus. South Sandwich, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass.: 54 m. 8. E. Boston. South Frakkfoed, p. o., York co., Me.: 83 m. 8. W. Augusta. South Sangerttllk, p. c, Piscataquis co.. Me. : 63 m. N. E. Augusta. South Schopace, p. v., Eensselaer co., Al T.: 15 m. S. by E. Albany. South Scituate, t. and p. c, PljTnoulh co., Mass. : on the N. side of North r., IS m. S. E. Boston. This town was taken from Scituate. Drained by branch of North riv er. A flourishing agricultural place. Pop. 1,770. South Scituate. p. v., Providence co., i?. /. ; on the E. side of Pawiuxet r., 11 m. W. by S. Providence. A manufac- tory of cotton warp here makes from 15 to 16 tons annually. South Sebec, p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : on N. side of Piscataquis r., 72 m. N. E. Augusta. South Seekonk, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : on a stream flowing into Providence bay, 43 m. S. W. Boston. South Shaftsburt, p. v., Bennington co.. Verm.: on Western Vermont E. R., 49 m. from Rutland, and 100 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. South Suenango, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 200 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Shenango cr. Surface un- dulating. It contains several workshops, mills, etc. South Shf.ewseuey, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 34 m. W. by S. Boston. South Side. p. o., Eichmond co., 2^. Y.: 144 m. S. Albany. South Sodus, p. v., Wayne co., A''. Y. : 169 m. W. by N. Albany. South Solon, p. v., Somerset co., Me. : 42 m. N. Augusta. It is surrounded by a fine a^icultural country. South Solon, p. o., Madison county, 0?no: 21 m. W. Columbus. South Stephentown, p. o., Eennselaer co., 2^. Y. : 22 ra. S. E. by E. Albany. South Steeling, p. c, Wayne co., Penn. : 101 m. N. E. Harrisburg. South Stoddaed, p. c, Cheshire co., 27'. JIamp. : SI m. S. W. Concord. Soirm Strafford, p. v.. Orange co.. Verm. : on a branch of the Ompoinponoosucr.,33m. S. E. MontpcHcr. Sulphurtt of iron is found in the vicinity. South Ta-Mworth, Carroll co., A^ namp. : on Bcarcamp p., at the mouth of the Conway r., 43 m. N. E. by N. Concord. ^OUTH Thomaston, t. and p. o,, Lincoln co.. Me. : on the E. side of St. George's r., having Penobscot bay on the E., 41 m. S. E. Augusta. A new town, taken from Thomaston, in iS43. It is largely pugaged in the ship-building and coasting trade. The Cflebralcd peninsula of " Owl's Head'' is comprised in the t It lias a fine harbor, off whieh'a light- house is located, in lat. U° 03' 50", and long. 69=* 00' UO". Granite is abundant, and the quarrying and burning of lime, from limestone found here, is carried onto a consider- able extent. Pop. 1,420. South Thompson, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. Columbus. South Thurston, p. o., Steuben eo., A'i Y. : 204 m. W. by S. Albany. South Teekton, p. o., Oneida co., 27. Y. : on the S. of Trenton Falls, 85 m. N. W. Albany. 810 South Union, p. v., Logan co,, iTy. ; on a tributary of Big Barren r., 133 m. S, W. Frankfort. The inhabitants of this place are chiefly Shakers. They are divided into different families, each one having a sei)arale house, with out-houses, work-shops, etc., attached. Pop. 245. South Valley, p. v., Otsego co., A': 3*. ; 52 m. W. Albany. South Vassalboeo', p. o., Kennebec county, Me. : 9 m. N. E. Augusta. South Yernon, v. and sta., Windham co., Venn. : on the right bank of the Connecticut r., on the Connecticut lliver B. E., at its connection with the Vermont and Massachu- setts, the Ashuelol, and the BralUeboro' Branch of the Ver- mont Valley Raihoads, 50 m. N. Springfield {Mass.), 19 m, W. by S. Keene {K II.\ and 109 m. S. by E. from Mont- pelier. SouTHviLLE, p. o., Litchtleld CO., Conn. : 82 m. W. by S. Uarlford. SouTHTTLLE, p. o., Shclby CO., Ky. : 25 m.W. Frankfort. SouTHViLLE, p. v., St. LawTcncc CO., Al }* .- on the E. side of St. Regis r, 152 m. N. W. Albany. South Walden, p. v., Caledonia co.. Verm. : 21 ra. N. E. Montpelier. South Wales, p. v., Erie co., 27. Y. : 20 m. S. E. Buffalo, and 254 m. W. from Albany. South Wallingfoed, p. o. and sta., Rutland co., Ve}'m, : on E. side of Otter cr., on the Western Vermont R. E., 13 m. S. Rutland, and 63 m. 3. W. by S. Montpelier. South Walpole, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass, : on a branch of Naponset r., 21 m. S. W. Boston. South Waeeham, v. and sta., Plymouth co.. J/i».w. ; on the E. side of the Weweantic river, on the Cape Cod Branch R. R., 50 m. S. E. by S. Boston. Souths AEK dist,, Philadelphia co., Penn.: a suburb of the city of Philadelphia, from which it was separated ia 1762 — is one and a quarter miles long, and the same ia width. The streets, which are very straight, cross each other at right angles, and are well paved. The buildings, i)uilt chiefly of brick, are from 2 to 3,stories in height- It is lighted in most part with gas, and supplied with water from Schuylkill Water-works. The Na\7 Yard, several ship aud boat yards, a marine railway, and various manufarloriea are comprised in this district. There is also a lofty brick shot- tower. For capital invested in manufactures, etc., sec PmLADELPHiA. Pop. 35,799. South Warren, p. o., Bradford coimty, Penn.: 110 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. South Warsaw, p. o., Wyoming co., 27. Y.: on the line of the Buffalo and New York City R. R., 47 m. E. by S. Buffalo, and 230 m. W. from Albany. South Wateefoed, p. v., Oxford county. Me. : 51 m. W. by S. Augusta. South Weake, p. v., Hillsboro' co., K. Ilamp. : 17 m. S. W. Concord. South Wellfleet, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : on an inlet of Wellfleet bay, 03 m. S. E. Boston. Salt is exten- sively manufactured in the vicinity, and the inhabitants are mostly engaged in the cod and mackerel fisheries. SoiTTH Westerloo, p. v., Albany co., AT. Y. : 19 ra. S. W. Albany. It contains several manufactories. South-west Harbor, p. v., Uancock co., 3fe. : on the E. of an inlet of Bass harbor, 72 ra. E, Augusta. Southwest Oswego, p. o., Oswego co., 27. Y.: 152 m. N. W. Albany. South Westport. p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : on the W. of Acoaksett r., 5S m. S. Boston. South Weymouth, p. o. and sta., Norfolk co., 3fass. : on the Old Colony E. R., 22 m. N. W. Plymouth, pnd 15 m. S. by E. Boston. South Whttehall, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn.: on the W. side of the Lehigh river, 76 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Jordan and Cedar creeks. Surface even; soil fertile, and under go^d culture. It contains sorao manu factories, mills, workshops, etc. SOP SPA South ■Whitley, p. o., Whitley ea, Jnd. : on the W. si-Ie of Eel r., at its confluence with Spring cr., i)b m. N. by E. lu'Iianapolis. SoumwicK, t, and p. v., Harapden co., Jftiss.: t);i m. 8. W. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of Weslfleld r. Surface varied; in parts elevated, with a good soil. Tlie StJite line furnis the S. boundary. Gunpowder aud lealliL-r form it3 chief manufactures. The v. is ccntnilly located. Pop. of t. 1,120. Sou'm Wif.BKAHAM, p. V'., Hauipden comity, iJ/l'sx; on Scantic r., i3 m. 8. W. by W. Boston. There is a nmnu- ■ factory here enijtloying 31 operalivea, and manufacturing 80,000 yanU woolen goods annually. SoiTu WiLHAMSTowx, p. V., Berkshire county, J/if-w. ; on Green river, W. uf Saddle Mountain, 115 m. N. "W. by W. Boston. SuiTii "WiLUNtiTON, V. and sta., Tolland co.. Conn.: on the K. side of the Willimantic river, on the New London, ■Willimantic. aud Pahner li. E..4i ni. N. by W. New Lon- don, and 21 ni. E. by N. from Hartford. Soi'Tu AViij^oN. p. n,, Niagara co.. JV. Y. : about 25 m. N. BulTalo, and -JdS m. N. W. by W. Albany. South Wisdha.m, p. v.. Cumberland cnnuty, J/t'. .■ on N. side of Prt-sumpscot r.. 73 m. S. W. Augusta. The Cum- berland and Oxford Canal passes along the river, opposite the village. SoL'Tir WiNDiLur, p. o., Windham co., Vernt. : 79 m. S. Montpelier. " South Windham, p. v. and sta., Windham co., Coriii, : on the Willimantic r.,aiid on the New London, Willimantic, and Palnur U. K., 2(j m. N. New Loudon, and 27 m. E. by S. from Harlf.ird. SouTn WiNnson. t. and p. v., Hartford co,, Conn. : ou the E. side of the Connecticut river, 5 in. N. by E. Hartford. Drained by several small streams floM'ing into the Connec- ticut r. Tho V. is located near the banks of the river. Pop. of t. 1,63S. SouTu WiSDsoK, p. 0., Kennebec county, J/c. ; 11 m. E. Augusta. SouTn WonrRN, v., Middlesex co., 3fnss. : a. pleasant vil- lage on the Boston and Lowell P. R., S ni. N. by W. Boston. It is a place much resorted to, for a summer residence, by persons from the city. Various manufactures are carried on ; a stream pa.ssing the place, affords water-power. The Woburn Branch li. E., 2 m. in length, extends heuco to Woburn CeiUre. Soi'TU Woi.KBOBOUGn, p. 0., Carroll co., J^\ ITamp. : 80 m. N. E. Concord. South Woodstock, p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : a neat and pleasant v., on a branch of Quechee river, 50 m. S. Montpelier. South Worci!ster, p. o., Otsego co., J^\ Y.: on Charlotte r., 52 m. W. Albany. South Wrentham, p. o., Norfolk county, Jfam.: SO m. S. by W. Boston. There is a manufactory here, employmg 41 persons, and manufacturing 80,000 yards of woolen car- pets per annum. South YAi'.MouTn. p. v., Banistableoo., J/a^«. ; on W. side of Bas'^ r.. ru-ar the Atlantie coa'^t. 67 ra. S. E. Boston. It contains Ihrie churches, and has extensive salt works. SowApAascooK river, JA'. : rises by 3 branches in tho towns of Slet.-*on, Etna, and Carmel. the branch in Etna having its scmri-e in a p"nd ; flows easlwardly in a circuitous course, and empties into the Penobscot r. at Hampilen. 5 ni. below Bangor. In iLs course it pJisses through 2 po.ids in the towns of Ilnrman and Hampden. The country through ■which this r. flows is varie<]. having some good farming tracts, and a considerable portion is well wooded. It ha.s sev- eral falls, and there is a number of valuable mills ou its banks. SoxviLi.K, p. v.. Monroe po,, Penn.: at the junction of Timkhanna cr. with the Lehigh r.. S3 ra. N. E. Harrisburg. Spafford, t. and p. v., Onondaga county, iV! Y. : 134 m. W. by N. Albany. It has Otisco lake and its inlet on the E. aud Skaneatoles lake cm the W. Surface hilly, and in parts broken; s6il various. The t. contains several mills and a tarmery. I'op. oft. 1.9t)3. SPAFronn Hollow, p. o., Onondaga co., K Y. : 135 m. W. l»y N. Albany. Si'AF-Foitn's lake. Cheshire co., y. Tliiiap. : a beauiiful col- leetion of water in the town of Chcsterfi-ld. containing 52G acres, and fed by springs at its buttum. Its w:iit;rs are clear and pure, its bL-d being awhitf sand. There is an island in this lake of G acres. 8i'ANisni:uRG, p. 0., Mercer county, TtrringfloId, and its great railroad connections, it has be- come one of Ihe greatest inland thoroughfares of travel in the Union. Four railroads here connect at the central de- p6t from the four cardinal points, viz. : Western E. E.,from Wfirrester 54 m. and from Albany 102 m. ; New Haven, Harlford. and Si)ringfield E. E., 26 m. from Ilartford and 62 m. from New Uavcn ; Connecticut EiverE. R,, 17 m. from Northampton and 50 m. from South Vernon. The great number of trains arriving and departing daily render the viciiiily of this depfit strikingly interesting to the passing traveler. The hotels of the city established to accommodate the traveling public are numerous, of which several are of great repute. The city contains a court-house, jail, aud 12 churches, eome of which are handsome edifices. These hxq 813 SPR SPR —i ConfiTegational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal. 2 Metliodist, 1 CnilarUm, 1 Calholic, 1 Univcrsirtist, 1 Alri(*aii. The prin- cipal cemetery is beautifully laid out and adorned. There are 5 Iianks, with an agj;rea:ate capilal of |1,150,000. and 2 Institutions for savings. Tlie nianufaclures of the city are of cnnsiderahle importance. There is a large manufactory of cars, loci mioli ves. railroad mafhinery, steam-engines, etc. ; also several factories of shL'elings. satinets, etc. ; also 1 pis- tol factory. Tiie "Springfield Ueputilican'' (whig), and "Hampden Posf (dem.), puljli.sh each daily and weekly eiiitions. The IT. 9. Armory located here is situated on Armory Hill, about one-half mile K. of Main Street. The buildings are of brick, haiidsumely arranged around a square, pre- senting a fine appearance. From 12,000 In 1.5,000 muskets are manufactured annually. The arsenal, a very large brick building 4 5tc»ries high, contains about 175.000 muskets. Some of the machine shops are located on Mill r.. in the S. E. part of the t., and comprise 5 shops, with IS water- wheels. 10 lri|> hammers, and 30 forges. The whole estab- lishment employs from 250 to 300 workmen, and has con- tributed very much to the prosperity of the city. Springfield was settled in 1635, then called by its Indian name Agawam ; it received its present name in lf>iO. and ■was incorporated in 164G, and received its city charter May 25th, 1S52. In 17S6. during Shay's rebellion, it was in part the theatre of his movements. Since the construction of the railroads which now so closely connect it with other im- portant cities, it has rapidly increased in population, wealth, and importance. Pop. in ISIO, 2,7G7 ; in 1S20, 3.914; in ISSO, 6,TS4; in 1S40, 10.9S5. When the census of 1S40 was taken, it was a much larger township than at present, then comprising also Chicopee Falls, Cabotville, "Williraansett, etc., now embraced in Chicopee township, the population of which with that of Springfield in 1?50, amounted to 21,G02. The separate population of Springfield t, in 1850, and as at present constituted, was 11,766. Spkingfield. t. and p. o., Oakland co., 3fic7i. : 51 m. E. Lansing, Drained by a part of the head waters of Shia- wassee r. Surface level, and well wooded. Pop. 956. Si'KiNGFCELn, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Mo. : on Wil- son's cr. of James r., 109 ra. S. W, Jefferson City. It eon- tains a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, etc. The country round about is hilly, with good timber lands. There are two weekly issues, the " Springfield Advertiser*' and the " South W'estern Flag" (both democratic). Pop. 415, Springfield, t. and p. c, Sullivan co., K. Ramp.: 31 m. N. W. by N. Concord. It occupies the height of land be- tween Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and is drained by streams flowing into each. It has a rough surface, and con- tains several considerable ponds. Organized with its pres- ent name in 1794. Pop. 1,270. Speingfielt), t. and p. v., Essex county, K. Jer. : 42 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Bounded E. by Kahway r. and W. by Passaic r. The v. on Eahway r. is noted for its paper factories. Through its N. part, called Millville, the Morris and Essex K. E. p.isses, 10 m. from Newark, 19 m. from New York. Summit is another sta. in the t., 3 m. W. Mill- vUle. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1.C51 : in 1S50, 1,945. Sprfngfielu, t and p. o., Otsego county, 2^. Y.: 59 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly. The N. end of Otsego lake extends to its centre. It contains numerous gaw-niills, 3 tanneries, a furnace, woolen factory, and sev- eral fulling and grist mills. Pop. 2,322. Springfield, p. v., and cap. Limestone county, Tex. : on N. E. bank of Navasota r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Speingfield, t., p. city, and cap. Clark co,, Ofiio : on S. side of E. fork of Mad r., 43 m. W. by S. Columbus. It has great water-power, well improved by a variety of milts and manufacturing establishments. It contains a handsome court-bouse, and other county buildings, 2 banks (one is a branch of the State Bank), several academies, and 7 chureh- ee. Newspapers in 1850: "Kepublic" (whig), tri-weekly 814 and weekly; and 3 other weeklies, "Gospel Herald," "Dis- trict Expositor" (dem.), and "Mad River Gazette'' (whig). Here are located the Wittenberg College, and Theological Seminary, botli founded in 1S45 In lS5ii the college had 7 instructors, 37 students, and 4,500 volumes in library ; while the Theological School had 2 professors and 8 students. Se\eral importJint lines of railroad jiass through the city, viz.. Mad Uiver and Lake Erie R. R., UU m. from Sandus- ky, and 24 ni. from Dayton, Si ra. from Cincinnati: Little Miami It. R., from Cincinnati, 84 m. ; Springtield. Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg R. R., in construction to Loudonville, on tbe Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E., 115 ni. ; and the Springfield and Columbus K. R., 19} m, to connection at London with Columbus and Xenia R. R., 43 m. to Colum- bus — all of which have connections with other principal railroads. Pop. of city in 1S40 (then a village), 2,062; in 1S50, 5,108. Pop. of t in 1840, 2,349; in 1850 (itjcluding city), T,314. SpRrNGFiELD, t. and p.o., Bradford co., Pen/n. : 107 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Bently, and branch of Sugar cr. Surface muuutaiuous; soil highly productive. The WDI- iamsport and Elmira R. R. passes near the town. Springfield, p. v., and cap. Robertson co., Teiw.: on Sulphur fork of Red r., 24 m. N. by W. Nashville. It ood- lains the court-house and other public buildings. Springfield, p. v., Hampshire co., Vlrg.: on the right bank of the Soutli branch Potomac river, 145 m. N. N. W. Richmcmd. Springfield, sta., Fairfax co., Virg. : on the Orange and Alexandria E. R., 7 m. W. Alexandria, and 85 m. N. Richmond. Springfield, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Verm.: on W. side of Connecticut r., 70 m. S. by E. Montpelier, Black r, flows through it from the N. W., and has an important fidl, 4 m. from its mouth, near the principal v., afl"ording great water-power, and improved by numerous fulling, grist, and saw mills, also woolen and cotton factories. Pop. of t. 2.762. Springfield, v., Sutter co., Calif. : on the left bank of Sacramento r., at the mouth of Feather r., opposite Fre- mont, and 66 m. N. E. Yallejo. Springfield Centre, p. o., Otsego county, iP". K ; 60 m. W. by N. Albany. Springfield Cross Roads, p. o,, Erie co., Pevn. : 213 m, N. W. Harrisburg. The Cleveland and Erie R. R. passes through Springfield t. and sta , 75 m. from Cleveland, 20 m. from Erie. Springfield FuBNACE, p. o., Blair county, Perm.: 80 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. It contains a furnace with an annual capacity of 1,S20 tons. Spp.ingfield Mills, p. o., Noble county, Ind. : on the N. side of Elkhart r., 121 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Spring Foeqe, p. o,, York county, Penn. : 25 ra. S« Harrisburg. It contains a forge which, in 1850, produced 223 tons bars. Spring Fork, p. o., Pettis co.. Mo. : on a stream so called, 60 m. W. Jefferson City. Spring Garden, p. o., Cherokee county, Ala. : 133 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Spring Garden, p. o., Jefferson co.. III. : 115 m. S. S. E. Springfield, Spring Garden, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : an integral part of the city of Phil.idelphia, though incorporated under separate charter, and governed by a board of com- missioners. See Philadelphia, for statistics of its popula- tion, manufactures, water-works, etc. Spi'.ing Garden, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Yirg. : on N. side of Birch cr., 116 m. S,W. by W. Richmond. Spuin'g Grove, p. o., Warren county, XU. : 105 m, N. W, Springfield. Spring Grove, station, namilton county, Oliio: on the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. R.,7 m. N. Cincmnati, and 101 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. SpBiifG Geove, t. and p. v., Greene co., Wi^c. : 87 m. S SPR SPR Madison. Drained by a brnneh of linek r. SuiTart' U/vel ; soil rich, Willi some prairie and goud pa.'itur:ij;:e. Tlie v. is in S. part. Pop. (.f t. 703. PpiiiNi; Grote, p. 0., llowau co., .A' O'r. : 97 ni. ^Y. Kuleigh. Si'KiNif Grovk, p. o., Linn l-<>., Iii, : 27 ni. N. I'lwa Ciiy. Spring Gitovn, p. v., Laiin^na district, .V. < \ir. : N. of Saludu r.. 55 m. W. by N. Colunitiia. Sphin(; TTill, p. <>., Marengo oounly, Alfi.: 91 ni. W. M">iitgnni<-ry. SiMUNO IIHvI,, v., Mobili! CO., Ala. : situated a little S, W. of tUe city of Mobile, is a favorite snmmer resort ot its cit- izens. Here is locsited Sprina; Ilill College (CathoHe), fuuiidi' m. S. Lansing. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Surface undu- lalintr ; soil, rich sandy loam, with good timber lands. Pop. iQl>40, 294; in l.S50,759. Springpoht, p. v., Panola county, Miss.: 137 miles N. Jackson. Spring Praip.ie, L and p. o.. Walworth co., Wise. : 59 m. 8. E. Madison. Drained by Honey creek aud branches. The V. is on the Milwaukio and Elkhurn plank road. Pop. of 1. 1,344. Sprim; UinuE, p. o,. Hinds ro., ,1/V,s,s. ; \\\ Jackson. Si-RiNd liivi-i:. ]}. v.. Lawrence co., M".: on a branch of tlu* streaui so called, 134 in. S. \V. deffV-rson Cily. SpuiNd K<>( K. p. v., Clinton coiMity. /'/. ; on Polain creek, and on the lav of the [)ropnsed ru ite of the I)arianclie and Iowa Cily U. U.. 35 m. K. by N. biwa City. Spuing Uock, p. v., Y'-rk disl., ^'. Cur.: mi E. side of Fishing cr., 55 m. N. Cobiniltia. The Charlollc and South Carolina K. li. passes near the village. Spring Uun, p. o., Franklin county, Ptii't.: 53 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Springs, p. o., Suffolk co., X. Y. : 145 m. S. E. Albany. Springtown, p. v., Hendricks co.. /ml. : on Mill cr., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. The Terre Haute and liichmoiid K. It. passes S. of this place. Springtown, v. and sta., Warren co., y. J'-i\ : ou the New Jersey Central R. K., 6S m. W. from New York cily, and 115 m. N. W. Trenton. Springtown, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : S4 m. E. N. E, Harrisburg. Springtown, p. o., Polk co., Tenn. : near Focco r., 41 m. S. E. Nashville. Springtown, p. o.. Oxford co.. Me. : 49 m. W. Augusta. Springvale, p. v., York co., Me. : on a fork of Mousam r., 82 m. S. W. Augusta. Springvale, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn.: 1S7 m. E. Na.shville. Springvale, p. o., Sampson co., X. Car. : 49 m. S. S. B. Raleigh. Springvale, p. 0., Fairfax CO., Virg.: 90 m. N. Kichmond. Springvale, t ami p. o., Fond du Lac, Wise. : 61 m. N. N.E. Madison. Drained by several small streams. Soil exceileni, and timber abundant. Pop. 5SS. Spring Valley, p. v. and sta., Greene co.. Ohio : on the E. side of Little Miami r., and ou the Little Miami Branch of Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. It., 5Sm. N. E, Cincinnati, and 63 in. S. W. Columbus. Spring Valley, p. o. nnd sta., liockland co., 2i\ Y. : on the New Y'ork and Erie U. R., Hi m. W. Piermout, and lOS m. S. by W. from Albany. Spring Valley, p. c, Bergen co., N. Jer. : C2 m. N. E. Trenton. Spring Valley, p. v., Marion co., ImJ. : on the W. side of the West fork of White r., 9 m. S. Indianapolis. Spring Valley, t. ,tud p. o., Rock co,, K'/Vvc. ; 31 in. S. Madison. Drained by a branch of Sugar refurnishing good water-power. It is a good agricultural town, embracing some of the best prairie land in the State. Pop. 766. Springville, p. v., St. Clair county, Ahi. : 99 m, N. Montgomery. Springville, p. v , Coles co., PI. : 5 m. E. Chicago Branch of Illinois Central R. R., and 75 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Springville, p. v., Crawford co., Wise. : on a branch of Coosa r., 99 m. N. Montgomery. Springville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: 61 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. There is a small spring in this place, from which it derives its name. This pleasant village was first settled in 1->16, and it now contains about 250 inliabilants. Springville, p o., Linn co., la. : 21 m. N. Iowa City. Springville, p. v., Greenup co , A'//. .* on the Ohio r., at the mouth of Tygerl cr., an«i ojipo^ito to Portsmoutli, 111 m, aliove Newport. H4 ni. E. by N. Frankfort. It contains a f.iuii'iry, several manufaeiories, etc. Beds of iron ore of sujterior quality abound in the vicinity. Springville, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich.: 55 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Springville, p. v., Erie co., A* Y. : on Spring cr., 260 m. W. by S. Albany. Water-power is derived from a spring which rises in the neighborhood. There are in the v. an academy, several manufactories, a tannery, and famace. The "S. Herald'' (whig) is published weekly. 815 SPR STA Spkinovillb, t. anil p. v., Susqui.-hanna county, Penn. : 108 ra. N. N. K. Harrisburg. Drainctl by a number of smiill 6trc':mi3, Iribuluries of the Susquehanna r. Surfaw hilly; soil fertile. It contains an academy and several manufac- tories. The V. la centrally situate. Si'RtNQV]Li.E, p. v., Utah CO., Utah Ter.: 90 ra. N. N. E. Filhnore Oily. It contains a grist mill, a saw mill, and a school, in which the German and French languages are taught. More than 130 familes are located liere. Spkls'gwatek, t. and p. v., Livingstnij co., y. Y. : 200 m. ■W. Albany, Drained by ihe inlet of Hemlock lake on the N., and the Iicad-waters of Conhocton r. in the E. Surface uneven, and in parts broken; soil adapted to grazing. It contains several manufactories and tanneries The v. is located on tiie Uuffalo, Corninj;, and New York E. R., 52 m. N. W. Corning. Pop. of t. 2,670. Si'KouT Br.ooE, p. o., Montgomery co., N". Y.: 40 m. N. W. Albany. Speout Creek, p. o , Duchess co., jV". F. : on a stream so called, 74 m. S- Albany. Spruce, p. v., Vernon co., Mb. : on the S. side of Deep Water cr., 105 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Spruce Creek, p. o. and stx, Huntingdon cmmty, Penn. : on the Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 111 m. W. Harrisburg. There is in the vicinity a furnace, ■with an annual capacity of 1,400 tons, and a bloomery forge, the produfts of which, in 1S50, was 305 tuna. Spruce Grove, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 95 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Spritce Hill, p. o., Juniata county, Penn. : 85 m. N. E. ^arrisburg. Spruce Hill, p. c, Highland co., Vtrg. : 131 m. N. "W. Eichmond. Spruok hill, Plymouth county, Jifmfi. : an elevation in the township of Bridgewater; height, 2.5SS feeL Spue Trace, sta., Cheshire county, K JTmnp. : on the Cheshire R. R., 43 m. N. W. Fitchburg (Mass.), and 40 S.W. Concord. Sputten TcrvrL, sta., "Westchester county, 27^. Y. : on a stream so called, and on the Hudson River R. R., 12 m. N. from New Tork City Hall, and 133 S. Albany. Sqitam lake, y. Ilamp. This large sheet of water lies on the borders of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonboro', and Centre Harbor. It is 6 m. in length, and its greatest width is 6 m., and covers a surface of between C.OOO and 7,0l>n acres, contains numerous islands, and is well stocked with fish. It is 36 ra. N. from Concord, and but a shnrt distance from the celebrated '• Centre House,*' at Centre Harbor. Squam Village, p. v., Monmoath co., K, Jer. : on the S. eide of "Wreck Pond inlet, 33 m. E. by S. Trenton. SQUAiiKUM, p. v., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : on S. side of Manasquan r., 32 m. E. by S. Trenton. It is surrounded by a pine forest, and contains a Friends' church and several mills. Squantum FvOAn. sta., Norfolk county, 3fass. : on the Old Colony R. R., 6 m. S. Boston. Square Poxd, p. v.. Tolland co.. Conn. : on the "W. of a body of water so called, 21 m. N. E. Concord. The pond is situated (ui the S. line of Stafford township, with an outlet flowing N. into Willimantic river. StiU ATTRRviLLE, V.. Coiitra Costa CO., Calif. : 25 m. 8. by E. Vallejo. Sulphur springs in the vicinity. SQuAWBirrry, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 50 m. S. by "W. Boston. Staatsburq, p. V. and sta., Duchess co., N". T. : near the Hudson r., on the Hudson River R. R., S5 ra. N. New Tork city, and GD S. from Albany. Stafford county, Vtrg. Situate N. E.. and contains 20' flq. m. Drained by Aquia and Potomac creeks, small trib- utaries of Potomac r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapt- ed to grain, etc. Chief products, Indian corn and cotton, to- bacco, etc. Farms 360. manuf. 14, dwell. 922, and pop.— wh- 4,415, fr. col. 81S, si. 3,311— total 8,044. Capital : Fal- 8U mouth. Public Works: Richmond, Frederick, and Poto- mac R. R. Stafford, t., p, v., and sta., Tolland co,. Conn. : 25 m. N. K. Harll'ird. Furnace r. and Willinianiie uniting in this t.,-and liuaring Branch, affonl good watcr-p-jwer. Surface rough, and in parts mountainous, with a very inferior soil. The U contains several minerals, but bog-iron ore is its principal, and is extensively manufactured. There are sev- eral nirnaecs, forges, tanneries, etc. The manufactures con- sist of pistols, carpenters' tools, tailors' shears, and other articles of cutlery, cotton and woolen, machinery, cabinet- ware, and wrought iron. In 1779 a blast furnace was erect- ed here, and cannon-shot, hollow-ware, etc., were cast There are also manufactories of woolen goods, employing 87 hands, and manufacturing 209,000 yards satinet and sat- inet warjis annually ; capital $76,000. The v. is situated on an elevated plain, with a large square in the centre, and contains several churches. The sta. is on the New London, WilHmantic. and Palmer R. R., 50 ra. N. W. by N. New London. There are two celebrated springs in the S. part of the town. {See Stafffoed Springs.) Population of t. 2.941. Stafford, t and p. v., Genesee county, y. Y. : 22S m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen and Black creeks. Surface even; sod fertile. The water-power is good, and there arc several manutVictories of woolen goods, leather, etc. The V. is on the line of the Canamiaigua and Niagara Falls R. R., and contains several churches. The Buffalo and Rochester R. R. passes through the N. part of the town. Pop. oft 1,973. Stafford, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 107 ra. E. by 3, Columbus. Stafford C. H., p. v., and cap. Stafford co., Virg. : on the S. W. side of Acquia cr. of Potomac r., 75 m. N. Rich- mond. It contains, besides the court-house, a jail and other county buildings. Stafford Springs, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 27 ra. T*. E. Hartford. There are two springs here of different qualities, the existence of which was first made known to the early inhabitants by the Indians, and recommended as eye-water, but gave as their reason for drinking it, that it " eidivcned their spirits." One of these springs, and which has been longest known, on a branch of the Willimantic r,, contains a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas ; a portion of marine salt ; some earthy substances, and an element called natron or native alkali. This spring has been pro- nounced by chemists to be one of t^e most efficacious of the chalybeate springs in the United States. The other spring, a little W. of the other, as analyzed by Professor Sdli- raan, contains hydrogen gas and sulphur in large propor- tions, and a small proportion of iron. There is a commo- dious hotel here, and it is ranch resorted to by invalids and others, the former deriving beneficial results from the use of these waters; The situation is one of many attractions. The New London, "Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passing near, and connecting at the latter place with the Western R. R., gives easy access from Boston, New York, and other places through New England. There are 2 manufactories here for the manufacture of woolen goods, employing 67 operatives; cap. $0-1,000. Staffohdvtlle, p. c, Tolland co., Corm. : 26 m. N. E. Hartford. Stagville, p. v., Orange co., ITi Car. : on "W. side of Flat r., 85 m. N. "W. Raleigh. Stahi^tows, p. o., "Westmoreland co., Penn. : 131 m- "W. Harrisburg. Stairway Brook, v. and sta., Pike co., Penn,: on the S. of Delaware r., and on the New York and Erie R. R., SJ m, W. from Delaware village. 97 N. "W. New York city, and 132 N. E. Harrisburg. It has a richly-wooded hill near it, -around the base of which the Delaware and Hudson Canai curves. Stamford, t, p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Q>nn. : 67 m, • STA S. W. Uiirlforfl. Bounded on the S. by Long Islami Sound. Drained by Mill and Miannua rivera. Surface unduIaliuK; soil fertile.' Between Sliipping and Greenwich pninLs are ^'lod harbors for vessels of S^^ feet draught of water. There are several A^easels otvnu'd here, and an active trade is car- ried on with the surrounding country and New York. It is well supplied with mill-siles by Mitl and Miannus rivers' and there are several manufactories, lumber yards, etc. The b. is localad near the mouth of Mill r., on Die New York and New Haven K. K., 3lj m. E. by N. New York, and 40 W. from New Haven, and contains several churches, a bank, cap. $tji),000, several foundries, a wire factory, print- inff oflices. etc. The "Advocate" is a weekly (whig) issue. r»\^ of 1. 5.0(14. i^TiMFORi*, t. and p. v., Delaware co., 2f. T. : 50 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by the head waters of the Mohawk or West Branch of the Delaware r. Surface uneven ; soil of average fertility. It contains several manufactories of woolen goods, leather, etc. The v. contains several mechanic shops, stores, etc. and is a pleasant place. Pop, oft, 1,708. Stamf'ird, t, and p. v., Bennington co., Term.: on the Massa.-lin^etts line, lOS m. S, W. by S. Montpelier. Drained by the head waters of the Hoosick and Walloomsack rivers. Surface vtry uneven, lying on the W. border of the Green Mountahi range, and poorly adapted to culture. The v. is in S. part of t. Pop. of t. S.S3. Stamping GRorND. p. v,, Scott co., Ki/. ; on a branch of Elkhorn creek, 15 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Staxardsvili-e, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Virg. : near the Blue Ridge of the Alleghany mountains, TG miles N.W. Ilichmond. anil contains a court-house, jail, etc. The manu- factures are light, principally leather. Stasi»af.dville, p. c, Carroll co., Teiuu : S9 m. W. by S. Nashville. Stasdin'g Rock, p. v., Stewart CO., Tenn. : 8 m. E. of the Tennessee river, 71 ra, "W. N. W. Nashville. Sta.ndixg Stone, t. and p. o., Bradford co,, Penn.: on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 103 m. N. by E. Harrislmrg. Drained by sevt-ral streams flowing into the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. It has good water-power, and there are several mills, etc The N. branch of the Susquehanna Canal passes through the town along the river. Staxi'Isu. t. and p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : 69 m. S. "W. Augusta, Bounded on the N. by Sebago lake, and on the S. W. by Saco river. There are several small ponds in the town. It has some water-power, and is a superior farming region. The v. is located near Sebago lake. The Cumber- land and Oxford Canal crosses the N. E, part of the town, connecting Sebago lake with Portland, distance 20^ m. East Standish and South Standish are names of villages. Pop. of L 2.290. Stantof.d, p. v., Monroe county, Irul. : 52 m. 8. S. W. Indianapolis. Stanford, p. v,, and cap. Lincoln Co., Ky. : on a branch of Dick r., 44 m. N. by W. Frankfort. It contains a court- house, jail, seminary, etc. Stanford, t.. Duchess county, 2T. Y.: 52 m. S. Albany. Drained by Wappinger's cr. Surface hilly and mountain- ous; soil of average fertility. "VN'appinger's cr. furnishes good water-power, and it has some good mill-sites, and some manufactures of paper. Atlleburj-, Hull's Mills, and Stanfordville are names of post-offices. Pop. 2.15S. STANFOF.DVILLE, p. V,, Putuam CO., Ga. : on a branch of Oconee r., 21 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Stanfordville, p. v.. Duchess co,, 2^. Y. ; on E. side nf Wappinger's cr., 53 m. 8. Albany. It contains several cimrches, and manufactures of woolens. This place is mostly inhabited by Quakers. STANniopE, p. v., Sussex eo,, N. Jer. : on the N. bank of the Musconctcong river, and on the Morris Canal, 65 ni. "W. Jersey City, and 47 m. N. from Trenton. A fall in the r. at this point furnishes excellent hydraulic power, and the 53 STA canal, liy an inclined plane, overcomes an ascent of 70 feet It contains some light manufactures. Stanhope, p. v., Nash co., H Old: : on the right bank of Tar r.. 33 m. E, by N. Kaleigh. • Stanhope, p. v., Monroe count>', Penn.: 94 m. N. E. Harris burg, Stanislaus, v,, San Joaquin county^ Calif. : on the right bank of the r. so called, which is the flrsl and largest tribu- tary of the San Joaquin r., 13 m. S. by E. Stockton, and 63 m. S. E, Valhjo. It was laid out by S, Braiinan & Co., on ornear the site originally selected for agriculiural opera- tions by the Mormoua. Both rivers are navigable to this place for vessels of ordinary draft of water. U is the near- est point of navigation to the rich and celebrated Placers of the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, etc, and has already becofue an important position for (he disembarkation of passengers and merchandise destined for the miues. Stanislaus river, Calif.: rises by S pirks in the Sierra Nevada, flows wcstwardly dividing Calaveras and Sun Joaquin counties from Tuolumne co., and empties into the San J. -aquin, at the city so called. It lias numerous branches. The banks of the river are rapidly being settled, but little mining is done. Stajh-ley county, 2^. Car. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains S53 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ilocky r., which runs on its southern border. Surface elevated and in some parts hilly ; soil fertile, being well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief jiroductions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 515; manuf. 10; dwell. 946, and pop.— wh. 5,437, fr. col. 49, si. 1,436 — total 6,922. Cajntal: Albemarle. Stanley Corners, p. o., Ontario county. X. Y. : 41 m. TiV, from Albany. Stanton, p. v., Hunterdon county, 27. Jer. : on the N. of Eound Motmtain, 24 m. N. by TF. Trenton. It contains a church, 3 stores, and 400 inhabitants. Stanton, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 59 m. N. E. Frankfort, Sta-Nton, p. v. and sta.. New Castle county, Del. : on Ked Clay cr., and on the Philadt-lphia, ■VVilraingtim, and Balti- more K. E., 6 m. Vi. Wilmiugton, and 37 m. N. from Dover. Stantonsbubg, p. v., Edgecomb co., H. Car. : on Con- tentnea cr., 4S m. E, by S. Kaleigh, Stantonville, p. v., Anderson district, ^S". Car. : 90 m N, W. Cnlumbia. The Greenville and Columbia R. K, passes to the "W. of the village. Stantosville, p. v., M'Nairy co., Tenn.: 119 m. S. W. Nashville. Staxwioii. p. o., Fairfield co., C&nn. : 6 m. N. Greenwich sta., on New York and Now Haven E. K. ; 39 m. W. B. 'W. New Haven. Sta>-\vis, p. 0., Oneida county, K. Y. : 101 m. W. N. W. Albany. Stai'leton, p. v., r.ichmond co., K. Y. : on the N. E. side of Stalen Island, 2 in, N, of the "Narrows," 7 m. 8, S. W. New Yt)rk, with which it is connected by steamboat. It is a small settlement surrounded by delightful scenery, and of much re.sort, in common with other villages on Sta'en Island, for excursion parties, etc., from New York, It is chiefly of note from containing the Seamen's Retreat, an hospital for the reception of sick seamen, foanded in 1S30, opened Oct, 1st, l!>31, -ind supported from taxes levied by law, upon searacn. The principal building is of fough granite, 208 feet long, 52 feet wide, 3 stories high, with wings 2 stories high, and S3 feet deep, and cost $100,000. Attached are 87 acres of land, which cost $10,000. Star, p. o.. Assumption parish. La. : 43 m. 8. Baton Eouge, Starfiei-d, p. 0., Peoria county, lU. : 63 m. N. by W. Springfield. Stah Furnace, p. o,. Carter county, Ki/.: 99 m. E. Frankfort Stakk county, III. Situate toward the N. W., and con- 817 STA STE tains 2S9 gq. m. Spwn r. a tributary of Illinois r., passes centrally through it, by which and its branches it is ilrainird. Surface umlulatiiig; soil a deep loam and very productive. Staples. wh«--al and Indian corn. Farms 343; manuf. 23; dwell. 5'U, and pop.— wh. 3,710, fr. col. 0— total 3,y0. Capitiil: Toulon. Stabk county, Tad. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. miles. Drained by Kankakee r. which traverses it N. K. and S. W., and which, in the centre of the county, extends inlo English hike. Extensive marshes lie on the borders of the river. It may be considered the moat impracticable county in the Slate. Farms 53; dwell. 100, and pnp.— wh. 557, fr. col. 0— total 55T. Capital : Knox. Public Worirs : New Albany and Salem extension E. E. ; Logansport and Chlca«:o R. R. ; Fort Wayne and Chicago K. E., etc. StaIik county. Ohio. Situate toward the N. E., j^d con- tains 5S7 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r. and its affluents. Surface even ; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes, which it produces in abundance. It contains extensive beds of iron ore and mineral coal, and has some quarries of excellent limestone. Pork and beef are exported in large quantities. Timber is abundant Farms 3,177 ; manuf. iiOi ; d well. G,77S, and pop.— wh. 39,733, fr. col. 145— total 39,S7S. Cojntal: Canton. Public Works: Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg R. E. ; Ohio Canal, and Canton Branch Canal. Stake, t., p. o., and sta., Coos co., y. Ilamp.: on S. side of Upper Ammonoosuc r., and on Atlantic and St Lawrence E. E., 115 m. from Portland; 9S m. N. Concord. Surface very uneven and broken. Pop. 41S. Starkey, t, p. o., and sta., Yates co., 2^. V. : on "W. side of Seneca lake, 16S m. W. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly; soil clay loam. Drained by small streams flowing into the lake. The principal v. is Dundee, near which is a brine spring. The Canandaigua and Elraira E. E. passes through, 32 m. from Elmira. Pop. 2,675. Stakes, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me. : on Sandy r. near its entrance into Kennebec r., SO m. N. N. "W. Augusta. The t has a fertile soil, and good mill privileges afforded by Sandy r. Pop. of 1. 1,446. Sta uESDO ROUGH, t and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : 23 m. VT. Muntpelier. Surface rough and mountainous; soil generally inferior. Drained by Lewis cr. and Huntington r. which afford water-power. Pop. 1,400. Starkville, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Ga. : on the "W. side of Muckalee cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W, Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Staekville, p. v., and cap. Oktibbeha co., Misa. : near the Oktibbeha r., 116 m, N. E. Jackson. It contams the county buildings, etc. Starkville, p. v., Herkimer co., A1 Y, : 53 m. "W-N. W. Albany. Starltngton, p. 0., Butler county, Ala.: 63 m, S. S. W. Montgomery. Starr cnunty. Tea*. Situate S., and contains 5,200 sq. m. Draijied by outlet of Salt Lagoon. The Rio Grandt) flows on its S. "W. border. Surface varied. In the N. being undu- lating and somewhat elevated, but in the S. level ; soil near the streams is fertile. The greater portion of the county is one vast prairie, with occasional groves of oak and other trees interspersed. It has excellent pasturage. Capital: Eio Grande City. Starr, L and p. o., Hocking county, Oltio: 47 miles S. E. Columbus. Drained by head watery of Eacooon cr. Tiie Hocking river and canal cross its N. E. part 27 miles S. E. Lancaster. Surface much broken ; soil fertile. Pop. 1,045. Starrs VI LI, E, p. v., Newton county, Ga. : 50 miles N. W. Milledgeville. SxARutcA, p. v., Wayne county, Penn. : 124 miles N. E. Harrisburg. The Starucca creek flows from this vicinity into the Susquehanna, near Lanesborough, gives name to the Slarurca Viaduct of the Erie R. E., one of the finest structures of its kind in the world, which here crosses a 81S deep ravine. It is 1,200 feet long, 110 feet high, and ha.-* 13 arches with spans of 5U feet Its body is 24 feet wide, hut its top is 30 feet, affording space for a double track. It was completed within one year, and cost $320,000. Statebubg, p. v., and cap. Sumter dist, S^Car.: on a small tributary of Santee r., E. of the Camden Branch R. E., and 30 m. E. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, ami other public buildings. State Bkidge, p. o., Oneida co., K. Y. : 110 ra, W. N. W. Albany. Stateland, p. o., Choctaw county, Miss. : 99 m. N. N. E. Jaclison. State Like, p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio : 143 m. N. E. Columbus. State Lixe, p. o., M'Uenry county, III. : 204 m. N. N. E. Springfield. State Ldje, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise. : 61 m. S.E. Madison. State Lli^e, p. o., Franklin co., Petm.; 51 m. AV. S. W. Harrisburg. Staten Island, K Y. : lies centrally, 12 m. S. W. from the City Hall, New York, and forms Richmond co. It is 14 m. long, from 4 to 8 miles wide, and is divided into 4 town- ships, conUiining many pleasant villages. Its surfHce is agreeably diversified, hilly in the N., and more level in the S. From its hills are afforded the most delightful views to be obtained in the vicinity of New York. The highest elevation is that of Richmond Hill, 307 feet above the bay. The numerous villages upon the shores of the island con- tain elegant summer country seats of New York citizens, also a large permanent population. Several steamboats ply hoiu*ly to New York. The construction of a railroad cen- trally through the island, and other improvements, have been projected. The fisheries on its bttrders are vury valu- able ; the amount of market produce raiseil is also consider- able. The Seaman's Retreat, and the Sailor's Snug Harbor are two noble institutions, occupying beautiful loeaiions on its shores. The Quarantine Station for the port of New York is on its N. E. point State Road, p. o., Lycoming county, Perm. : 75 miles N. Harrisburg. STATESBonoiTGn, p. T., and cap. Bullock co., Ga. : at the head or source of Belcher's Mill creek of Ogechee r., 105 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc Stateville, p. v., and cap. Iredell co., K. Car. : \\ m. N. Third creek, 115 m, W. Columbia, and contains the court- house and other county buildings. Statesville, p. v., Wilson county, Tenn.: 37 m. E. by 8. Nashville. Station', p. o., Thomas county. Get. : 169 miles W. by S. Milledgeville. Staunton, p. o., Granville county, If. Car. : 53 m. N* Raleigh. Staunton, p. v., Macoupin co.. III. : ]} m. E. Cahokia cr., and 56 S. Springfield. It is a pleasant v., located on the border of a healthy and fertile prairie. Staunton, p. v., Fayette county, Ohio: 88 miles S. W. C<»lumbus. Pop. 87. Staunton, p. v., and cap. Augusta co., Virg. : on Lewis creek, and on the Virginia Central R. E., 97 m: W. N. "W . Eichmond. The land rises from the creek, and the streets, though narrow, are uniformly laid out The court-house and jail are situated here, the former a neat and eom- modimis edifice. This is one of the oldest villages in Mid- dle Virginia, and the Virginia Central E. R. connects it with the Potomac and James rivers. The v. contains a bank, capital $100,000,4 churches, 2 acad.-mies and 2 semi- naries, the Western Lunatic Asylum, and the Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind. The '"S. Speclalor" (whig), "Republican Vindicator'' (dem.), and the ''Virginia Mes- senger"' (neut) are issued weekly. The v. is surmunded by a fertile and well-cultivated country. Pop. about 2.2(i0. Steady Run, p. v., Keokuk co., la. : on a branch of Big creek, ST m. S. by W. Iowa City. STE Steamboat, sta., Chester co., Penn. : on the Philadelphia and Pennsylvania R. E., 26 miles W. Philadelphia, and SO E. S. E. Harrisburg. Steam Factoet, p. c, Muscogee co., Ga, : 105 m. W. S.'W. Milledgeville. i Steam Mill, p. c, Warren county, Penn. : 160 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Steampokt, p. o., Henderson co., Ki/. : 151 m, "W. by 8. Franlclbrt. Steedman's. p. v., Lexington dist.,,*?. Car, : cm the E. side of North Edisto river, 27 m. S. W. Columbia. Steele Creek, p. o., MechWuburg co., y. Car. : 129 m. S. W. Raleigh. Steele's, p. o.. Rush co., Ind. : 35 m, E. by S-Indianapolis. Steele's, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car. : between Twenty- thrt-f and Twenly-six mile creeks, branches of Seneca r., 10:3 m. N. W. Columbia. Si kele'8 Landing, p. o^ Ottawa co., 3Iich. : S3 m. W. by N. Lansing. Steele's Mills, p. o , Randolph co., HI. : on the right aide of St. Mary's r., 122 in. S, SprinErftt-ld. Steele's Tatekn, p. o., Augusta county, Virg. : 99 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. Steeletille, p. 0., Chester county, P<;7i7u ; 41 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Steel's Praiete, Daviess co., Ind. : 13 a sandy, level, tract of land, in the "W. part of the co., 79 m. S. W. Indian- apolis, It is named from Nina Steele, the first settler, and contains about 1,000 acres, all In cultivation. Prairie creek passes through it, and flows into the West fork of White r. Steele v. is located on the border of the prairie, and contains about 450 inhabitants. Steelsville, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., Mo. : on the S. side of the Maramec r., 62 m. S. E. Jefferson City. It con- tains the county court-house, jail, and other public buildings. About 12 m. W. are the Maramec Iron Works, and the country abounds in iron ore. Steen's Cheek, p. o., Rankin county. Miss.: 15 m. S. E. Jackson. Steep Bottom, p. 0., Beaufort district, *S^ Qzr: 99 m S. Columbia. Steep's Falls, p. 0., Cumberland co., Me. : 56 m. S. W. Augusta. Stheb Creek, p. o., Gilraer co., Vifff. : 213 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Steilacoom, p. v., and port, Lewis co., Oreff. Ter. : on FugL't's Sonnd, 11 m. N. Fort Nesqually, and 156 m. N. Salem. The v. at this place is rapidly expanding, and from its position must eventually become important in a com- mercial point of view. Its exports are chiefly sawed lumber, piles, square timber, shingles, etc., which are purchased for the San Francisco and other Pacific markets. STEMBEP.SVXLLE, p. 0., CaTbOQ CO., Perm. : 71 m. N. E. narrisl)urg. Stemmer's Run, sLi., BalUmore co., 3fd. : on Philadelphia, Wilmington, and BaKiraore E. K., 9 m. from Baltimore, 89 m. from Philadelphia. STEpnEN-itnEGn, p. v., Hardin co., Ki/. : on the Nashville and Louisville E. R., 74 m. S. W. Frankfort. Stephessos county, PL Situate N., and contains 536 eq. m. Drained by Pt-katonica and its affluents, and small Iriimlaries of Plum river. Surface undulating; soil fL-rtile. A large portion of the land is prairie, interspersed with barrens and oak openings. This county is rapidly increas- ing iu importance, I-'arms 1,179; manuf. 75; dwell. 1,950, and pnp.— wh. 11,65:^, fr. col. S— total 11,666. CapiUd: Freepnrl. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. R. ; Galena Branch of Illinois Central K. R, Stephenson's Dep6t, p. o., Frederick co., Vlfff. : 119 m. N. N. W. Richmond. STEPnESspoET, p. v., Breckcnridge co., Ky,: on the Ohio r.. opposite Rome, at the mouth of Sinking cr., 101 in. below LouisviUe, 91 m. W. by S. FrankforL It is a small but STE handsome village, and a considerable business is done here in shipping the productions of the interior. STEpnENT.:>wN, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co., K T. : 19 m. E. S. E. Albany. Surface hilly and mountainous, wifh a central valley, through which flows Kinderhook r., in S. E. course. Rooflngslato is quarried. The t. contains 3 woolen factories, with grist and saw mills. Pop. of t. 2,622. Stephens viLLE, p. v., Wilkinson county, Go,: 13 m. S. MiHern. Considerable quantlties-of live-sloclc and lumber are exportcid. It contains iron ore and some mineral springs. Farms 6,79T ; manuf. 57G ; dwell. 11,210, and pop.— wb. 63,409, fr. col. S62— total 63,7T1. Capital : Balb. PuUic Works : New York and Erie K. R. ; Buffalo, Corning, and New Tork K. E. ; Buffalo and New York City K. K. ; Corning and Blossbnrg lb, K., etc. Stkcben, t. and p. v., Washington eo.. Me. : bordering on the Atlantic Ocean, having Narragaugas bay pn the 8. E., and Goldsboro' Harbor bay r,n the S. \V., and Dyer's bay and Pigeon Hill bay set up from the ocean on the S., 94 m. E. by N. Augusta. It has several good harI)ors, and is en- gaged in tlie coasting trade ami fisheries Incorporated in 1795. The village is oa an inlet of Goldsboro' bay. Popu- lation oft. 1,122. Steuben, p. o., Crawford county, Penn. : 190 m. N. W. Harris burg. Steuben, L and p. o., Oneida co., K. T. : 92 m. N. "W. Albany. Drained by Cincinnati cr. and tributaries of the Mohawk r. Surlace hilly, wilh excellent soil for gr; ?s or grain. It is a good farming town, and butter and cheese are exported. The manufactures are leather and lumber. Pop. 1,744. Steuben, p. v., Huron county, Ohio: on a branch of Huron r., 7S m. N. J E. Columbus. The Sandusky, Mans- field, and Newark K. K. passes to the W, of the v., 1 m. distant. Steubenvtlle, p. v., Steuben co., Iiul. : 137 m. N. N, E. Indianapolis. Stevbknville, t, p. v., and cap. Jeffbrson county, Ohio : on an elevated plain on right bank of the - of it, flowing from Swartoui's Pond, in the E. part of the t. Sur- face hilly, nnd on tlie N. W. mountainous, witli a ft-rtile STI STO 8f 'it- Hudson r.. 2'i ni. N. Albany. DrainL-d by An- llumy's kill and uihtir small branches of the Ilndson river. f?Lirrace undulating; soil fertile. In the N. of the town is BL-mus Ht;ights,at which were fought the celebrated actions of Sept. XU and Oct. S, 1T77. whicli led to llie surrejider of Burgnyue to tlie American arms under General Gates. The town has good waler-power, and there are several manu- factories. The Champlain Canal passes through the v., 24 ra. from Albany. Pop. of t. 2,y0(>. ' Still-water, p. o., Columl>ia co., Penn. : 59 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Stillwater, p. v., Tuscarawas co., OMo : on the N. side of a stream so called, a branch of the Tuscarawas r., 90 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Extensive salt springs are found on the banks of the r. in the vieiuily of the v. Stillwatei:. p. v.. and cap. Washington co., M/nn. Ter,: on the W. side of SL Croix lake. 31 m. N. St. Paul. It re- ceives its name from the circumstance that the current from the St. Cniix r. is no longer perceptible at this place. The V. was founded in 1843, and contains the territorial peniten-f tiary, three churches — Presbyterian, l!aptist,and Episcopal, two mills, one driven by water and the other by steam, two hntels. several stores, groceries, etc., and about silD inhabit- auls, who are principally engaged in the liiniber trade. The pop. in 1S5() was G'21, and has since rapidly increased. A IT. S. laud office is located here. Stillwell, p. 0., Wood county, Ylrg,: 227 miles N. "W. Eichmond. Stillavell's, p. o,, Butler counts^, Ohio: 9G m. "W. S. W. Columbus. ^' Stip's HrLL, p. v., Franklin co., Iiid. : on the right bank f of Salt cr. of White r., 55 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. '' Stittville, p. 0., Oneida co., Ji. Y. : 95 ra.W. by N.Albany. I Stockbkidge, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 m. I W. Boston. Drained by IIou>-alouic r. and liranches. Sur- ' face uneven, with extensive alluvial meadows; soil gener- ■. ally fertile, especially on the streams. Marble add limestone are found in large quantities. It ha.s extensive bydraulie- powt-r, and there are several mauufact is a re- markable natural tunnel, through which (he cr. flows. Stockkrton. P.O., Norfianipton conntv, Penn.: S5 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. SToniaioLM. p. o., Sussex co., N. J^r. : 54 m. N. Trenlon. STorKHoLM, I., p. v., and s'u, St. Lawrence co., N. Y.: 152 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by St. Ilegis river and branches, and a branch of Packet river. Surface hilly and somewhat slony; soil fertile and heavily tiniberci. There are some manufactures, consisiing of flour, lumber, fulled cloths, potasli, and leatlu-r. Th.- village is on the Northern (Ogdensburg) li. P., S-2 m. W. by 8. Rouse's Point. Pop. of t. 3,661. Stocki'ort, t.. p. v., and sta., Columbia co,, X. Y. : on the E. side of the Hudson river, 24 in. S. Albany, Drained by Kinderhook creek, flowing into the Hudson river. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Cohuubiaville is a manufacturing v. The t. contains several manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, leather, paper, flour, etc. The v. is on the Hudsoti Pwiver R. K., 24 m. S. Albany, and 121 m. N. from New York city. Pop. of t. l,*).^^ Stockport, p. o., Morgan coutdy, Ohio: 6> m. E. by 8. Columbus. Stockport Station, p. v. and sta., Delaware co., 2i.T.: OQ the E. side of the Delaware r., on the New York and Erie K. P., 109 m. N. W. New York city, and 94 ni. 3. W. (direct) Albany. Its location is in a (ileasant bend of the r., 3 miles below the junctinn of ihe Moh.iwk and Popacton branches. an"l it is important as a lumber depfil, large quantities of which is manufactured in the neighlnirhood. Stocksville, p. v.. Buncombe co., JV. Cm;: on S. side of Ivy r.. 219 m. W. KaK-igh. - Stockton, p. v.. Baldwin county, Ala.: on the E. side of Tensaw river, 25 miles N. E. Mobdc, and 137 m. S. W. of Montgomery. Stockton, P.O.. Madison co., Fior. : 45 m.E. Tallahassee. Stockton, t. and p. o.. ('haulauque co.. A"". Y. : 12 m. 8. Dunkirk, and 2'.iG m. W. by S. Albany. Bearand Cassadaga lakes are in the X. part, by tlie outlets of which Die town is drained. Surface even; soil fi^iile. It has excelh-nl water- power, and several light manufactuns. Pop. l.()J2. Stockton, p. v., and cyp. San Joaquin co., < \ili/. : on the Stockton blougli or canal (wliicli contains llu* "bai-k wa- ters" formed by Ihe junction of the Sacramento and San Joaquin ri\'er;^) about :'. ul from its junction Wflh the San Joaquin, 100 m. E. by water fr>>in San Kraiici.'^co, and 59 ra. direct from YalU-jo. This is one of the priiu-ipal cities of Uie State, ranking next to San l'"rancisco and SarranieUtO. , First settled in 1S44. by C. M. Weber, who obUained'a grant from the then governor of California ftjr a large section of country J made a pueblo in 1S45, when there were seven n-sidences, and was abandoned in tlie succeeding year. In 1S48 the settlement was successfully establiHlied, and in 1S49 it was a canvas city of I.OUO iidiabitants, with a flcM of mer- chant vessels lying before it. The Stockton slough is divided into three i-ranches; the city occupies the peninsula betwecu the two northern, and extends also S. to the third branch. Tiie cround on which it is built is high, and not sul'ject to overflow, and is in the centre of the two great Irael-i of ara- ble land which constitute the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers. The San Joaquin is navigable at all seasons to this place for vessels drawing not over nine feet of water, and such is the peculiar formation of liic bank that they can lay directly along it and discharge their cargoes. Il is the drp6t for the .supply of all the southern mines, and every thing indicatt^s that this point is destin«-d to become oneof ilie gnat inland marlsof this wonderful and gmwing country, and it is believed by some that it will outstrip all its rivals in the race of prosperity. The largcst-si/.ed brigs and schooners, and a great number of launches, etc., are engaged in the carrying trade, .and steamers ply here regu- larly. The mines are situated among the hills and mount- ains forming the western Blope of tho Sierra Nevada, com- 821 8T0 mencing some 20 m. E.of the city, and extending Ihonoe E. to Uie banks of the river. Two papers are published, and a military post is located here. A State hospital is ereclin", which will be an ornament to the city. Pop. S.OOO. Stoddakd county, Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 987 sq. m. Drained by ■ffbite Water r. and numerous outlets of the different lakes which cover a'large portion of the Co. Surface varied ; in the N. it is nuich broken, but in the S. level and marshy ; soil in general is good, and the swampy portions when cultivated are ren.lcred fertile and produc- tive. Farms 41S; manuf. 2; dwell. 719, "ond pop.-wh. 4 •'21 fr col. 6, 3l. 50— total 4.277. Capittd: Btajmfleld. "stoddakd, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., K. ITamp: SI m. 5 W Concord. There is a l.irge number of ponds m the town. Drained by tribniaries of tlie Morriraac on Ibe E., and of the Connecticut r. on the W. Surface mountainous and very rocky; soil adapted to gra.^s. Incorporated m 1774 There is some leather and linnber mamifaclured here. The V. is in the N. p.irt. Pop. of L 1,100. SioDDiinTSvn-i-E, p. v., Monroe co., Peiin. : on the bank of the Lehigh r., S5 m. N. E. H^u-rislmrg. Stokk county, N. Car. Situate N. tow.ard the W., and contains 72^ sq. m. Drained by Dan r. and tributaries, .and branches of Yadkin r. Surface diversified, the greater part of It bein» billy ; soil fertile, and making good pasture land. Chief nrodurlions, cotlon and tol>acco, wheat, and Indian corn Farms 591 ; manuf. .34 ; dwell. 1.205, and p,.p.-wh. 7,264, fr. col. 140, si. 1,793-total 9,260. Capital: Ger- ""st'Zs, p. 0., Oneida co., ii: 5'..- IM m. N. W. Albany. Stose cotmtv. Mo. Situate S. toward tlie W., and con- tains 477 sq. m. Drained by -James r., and IJntTalo fork of White r Surface undulating: soil fertile, and produces wheat and Indian com in abundance ; it is also well adapt- ed to the growth pi tobacco. Apple, pear, peach, anil other fruit-trees are grown, and yield excellent fruit Pine and other timber abounds. _ Stone \evbh, p. v., Montgomery county, JT. Y.: about 4 m N. of the Mohawk river and 44 m. W. N. W. Albany. This is one of the oldest settlements in the oonuty, and in October, 17S0, was the scene of a bloody conflict between the English and Americans, in which, through treachery and unequ.il numbers, the latter were defeated. It con- tains a Dutch Kcformed church erected in 17SS, and a Lu- theran chnrch bnilt in 1791. Stone CnrccH, p. o., Genesee Co., X. Y. : 224 m.W. byN. Albany. The Batfalo and Rochester K. E. passes near this '"'stelsECBCncH.p. o., Northampton county, Pmrn. : 85 m. E N. E. Harrisburg. Stoke Creek, p. o., Tnscarawas co., Ohio : C9 m. N. !■.. Columbus. _. ,, Stonebam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., jl/ii.«. ; 7 m. N Boston.- There is a pond in the S. part coveting abont 283 acres. Surface uneven and rocky ; soil fertihs and well wooded The chief manufacmre here is shoes, at which nearlv two-thirds of the inhabitants are employed. The v. is centrallv located, and contains several churches. The Station is on the Boston and Maine P.. P.., S m. N. Boston. Pop. of L 2,085. ., „ w Stose Lick, p. o., Randolph county, N. Car. ; il m. Vf. ^'st'^ MiLiB, P.O.. Jefferson co., K Y.: 15.3 m. N. W. ■^STONi MotTN-TAiN, p. o. and sta., De Kalb co., Ga: on Georgia E. E., 12 m. E. N. E. from Atlanta, 81 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Stone Motn-'TAiN, p. o., M-Dowell CO., K Car.: 198 m. W. Kalcigh. Stonee, p. o., Seneca CO., Ohio : 7S m. N. i W. Columbus. Stone Eibce, p. v., Ulster co., iV. i'. : 1 m. N. Eondout kill, 64 m. S. S. Vf. Albany. BxoRHt's Peaibie, p. 0., Dane co., Wise STO Btonee's Stoee, p. 0., Eoanoke co., rirg. : 137 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Stokeestown, p. v., Bedford co., renn: on E. bank of Eayston branch of .luniata r., 71 in. \V. Harrisburg. Broad Top Mountain is in its vicinity. Stoneesville, p. o., Berks CO., Penn. : 51 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Stonesviixe, p. v., Greenville dist., S Car.: on a tribu- tary of Ennoree r, SS m. N. W. Columbix Stoke Wall Mill, p. v., Appomattox Co., Virg.: on James r. and canal, 15 m. below Lynchburg, .and 131 m. W. by S. from Eichmond by canal, and 71 m. direcL SiONiNGTOS, t., p. b., and p'>rt of entry, New London CO., Cmi n. ; 51 m. S. E. Hartford, 53 m. E. New Haven. Bound- ed S. by Long Island Sound, E. by Pawcatuck r., separating it from Ehode Island, and W. by Mystic r., both of which afford water-power. This is a large U, with rocky and un- even surface, but moderately fertile soil, and contains three villages. The borough "is on a narrow and rocky point of land^ extending about i m. S. into the sound. The harbor is protected by a break-water, constructed by the United States government at a cost of $50,000. It is handsomely laid out, well built, and was incorporated in ISOl. Its citi- iens are noted fir commercial enterprise, especially in the whaling and scaling business, in which a large aggregate capital is employed. Many vessels are owned here, which bring their cargoes into New York and other ports. It has a marine railway and lighthouse at the entrance of the har- bor, etc. The total tonnage of Sloninglon district on 80th .June, 1S50, was 19,918 tons. The registered tonnage amounteil to 13.159 tons, and all permanent, of which 8,861 Ions were in the whale fishery. The enrolled and licensed tonnage amonnted to 6,724 tons, consisting of 6,102 tons permanent, 144 tons temporary, employed as follows— coast- ing trade, 4,020 tons; cod fishery, 1,655 tons; mackerel fishery, 571 tons ; steam navigation, 67 tons ; and the ton- nage '" licensed under 20 tons," viz.: 89 tims in coasting- trade, 389 urns in cod fishery. The number of clearances for foreign cimntries during the year preceding was 9— 2,5:J1 tons ; number of entrances do. 10—2.894 tons. The number of vessels built during the year ivas 9—1,034 tons; viz., 2 ships, 1 schooner, 5 sloops, and 1 steamer. During 1849, the whale flshcrj- imports of Stonington were— 1,628 bbls. of sperm oil, 16.S.34 bbls. whale oil, and 97,500 lbs. whalebone. The town contains several manufactories, of which three are exiensively engaged in making plaid and plain linseys, etc. The b. contains 2 banks, with aggregate capiliU of J1CO,000, 1 savings bank, 2 academies, 4 churches, etc. Here commences the Stoningttm R. K. to Providence. 50 m.^ connecting with daily steamboats to and from New York. This place is of considerable resort in summer. The Wad- dawanniiek House, the chief fashionable hotel, is kept iu first-class style. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,898 ; in 1860, 5,484. SioNisGTON, p. v.. Christian co.. III. : on the S. fork of Sangamon r., 29 m. S. E. Springfield. Stonv Bkook, sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: on Fitchbiu-g P.. 1!., 12 in. from Boston. Stony Bkook. p. v., SulTotk county, N. Y. : on N. side of Long Island, 122 m.S. S. E. Albany. It has n good harbor, accessible at all seasons of the year, and cirries on shiji- building, with some manufactures. Pop. about 400. Stony Cbeek, p. o., Warren co., Ji'. 1'. ; 54 m. N. Albany. 5t«iny Cbeek. sta., New Haven county. Conn. : on -New Haven and New London E. E., 11 m. from New Haven, 39 m. from New London. Stony Oeeek, t. and p. o., Somerset co., /Vnn. ; 108 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The Alleghany Mountain is on its E. border. Drained by Stony cr. and branches. Surface mountainous, with fertile valleys. Iron ore is abondanL It contains numerous saw-mills, with a few tanneries, grists milLs, etc. Stony Ceeek, p. o., Scott co., R'V- •' 290 ra. W. S. W Eichmond. STO Ptosy Fork, p. o., Amiierst county, Mrg. : 90 m. W. Kichtnond. f^TONY Fork, p. o., Wautaugn co., J\\ Car. : 157 m. N.^. I'aleigh. Stony ITill, p. o., Eichmon.l en., Jlrr/, : 47 ni. E. N. E. EichmoiH-1. Stony Mocnt, p. o., Brunswick co., Virff. : CT m. S. by W. Kichmond, Stony Point, p. o., White co., Arl: : 49 m. N. E. LittN.- Knck. Stony Point, p. o., E. Baton Kouge par., La. Stony Point, p. o., Alexan«ler co., S. Car. : 129 ni. "W. Raleigh. Stony Point, Rnckland co., Al Y. : is a liich rocky pro- montory at the Iiea'l of IlavLTstraw hay. in UuiJson r., on which was a fort during the Kcvohitidnary "War. bravtiy taken by storm frora the British on the niglit of July IGth, 1779, by the zXmericans under Gen. Wayne. A lighthouse has been erected on the site of the old fnrU Stony Point, p. v., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 65 ra. W. N. W. Cohuubia. Stony Poi>t, p. o., Bradley county, Tenn. : 125 m. S. E. Nashville. Stony Point, p. c, Albemarle co., Yirg. : CI m. W. N.W. Richmond. Stony Point, p. o., .Tackson co., Mo.: 12(1 m. W. bvN. Jcffersnn Cily. Stony Point Mili-s, p. v., Cumberlau'l co., Virg.: on ■\V. bank of Appomattox r., 42 m. W. by S. Richmond. Stony Ridge, p. v.. Wood eo., Ohio: at the .source of a Btn-;im n..wing N. E. into Lake Erie, lii7 m. N. by W. Columbus. Stony Kipge, p. o., Surry co.. A' Car.: 121 m. N. W. Ealeij.'h. « Stony Run, p. o., Genesee co., MU:h.: 46 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Stokbvtlle. p. v., Anderson dist., ^S'. Car. : 5 m. E. of the Savannah r., 121 m. W, by N. Columbia. Stormvili-b, p. o., Duchess county, A'l T : 1 m. S. of the Fishkili, :■< m. S. Albany. Stoer's, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: % ni. S. W. Columbus. Stoer's, sta., Henrico county, Yirg.: on Virginia Central Railroad, G in. N. by E. Richmond. Stouy county, Ta. Situate centrally, and -contain.s f>76 gq. ni. Drained by Skunk r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and consists of a deep black nioM, adapted to wheat and grain, and favorable to the cuUivatinn of fruit, api>lt-'S, pears, and peaches of good quality being produced. Erected since ISoO. Story, p. o., Ogle Co.. lU. : \^o m. N. by E. Springfield. SToucnnuEO, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 35 ni. N. E. Harrisburg. STOt'GusTowN, p. v., Cumberland county, Penn.: 29 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Stoi'c-.iiton, t.. p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. 6. Boston. Drained by head branches of Neponset r. 'The V. contains 1 woolen and 2 cotton factories, and 4 church>'s. Here terminates the Stougbton Branch R. R., 4 m. lung, which conneels with Boston and Providence R. R. :it Can- Ion. The v. an'l t. ore noted for the manufacture of booi.s and shoes. The Fall River R. R. touches the K. bnnb'r of th<- 1 at East Stoughlon. Pop. of L in 1S40, 2.142 ; in 1S'>0, 3,.->94. SiouGnTON, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wine. Pop. 70. Stoct's, p. 0., Adams coxinty, Ohio : 79 m. S. by W. Columbus. Stout's, p. c, Northampton county, Pen7i. : 83 m. N. F. Harrisburg. Stout's Grove, p. o., M'Lean county, III. : in N. W. comer of county, 57 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Stovkr, p. 0., Dallas county, Ark. : 55 m. S. by W. Little Rock. - STR Sto%-ee'8 pLAnn, p. o., Centre co., Penn.: 07 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Stovertown, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. E. Columbus. Stow, t. and p. v., Oxford county, M^. : 03 m. W. by S. Augusta. P.oumled W. Iiv New Hampshire. H contains several ponds, tlie outleta of which flow into Suco r. Pop. of t. 471. Stow, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., il/'.f.sMj. .- 24 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by A.nsobet river, which affords water- power. The t. contains several grist and saw mills, and has considerable manulaetures. The Lancaster and Ster- liug Braneh R. R. (from South Acton, on Fitchburc R. R. to Feltonville) runs u])on its E. border. Pop. 1,4.^5. Stow, t. and p. v., Summit county, Ohio: lU m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. an0. Straffoed county, Al Ifinnp. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 403 sq. m. Drained by Lamprey. Isinglass, and Cocheco rivers. Surface various, and diversified with small ponds; soil in most parts forlile, and producing good crops of grain, etc. Agriculture is much attended to by a large number of the population. Chief products, wheat, In- dian com, anm New Haven, and with it the Naugaluck R. R. ton- nects at Stratford Junction, 1 m. from the v. Pop. of t. iu 1840, 1,80S; in 1850, 2,040. Stratford, p. 0., Delaware county, Ohio: 19 ra. N. Columbus. Stratford, t., p. o., and sta,, Coos co., iV. Ilamp. : on E. side of Connecltent r., 106 m. N. Coticord. Surface rough ; soil mostly sterile. Drained by small streams. The Atlantic and St Lawrence K. R. runs along the r., having stations at Stratford Hollow, 127 m. ; and North Stralfurd, 134 m. from Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 441 ; in 1S50, 552. Steatham, t., p. v., and sta., Rockingham eo., 2^. /Tamp. : 34 m. E. S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by Pquamscot or Exeter r. flowing into Great bay. Surface level; soil generally fertile. The inhaltitants are chiefly engaged in farming. In its E. part is a large peat swamp. The IV>rt8- mouUi and Concord R. R. passes through, S m. from Portsmouth, 39 m. from Concord. Pop. S-13. Stratton, t. and p. o., Windham county, Fervn. .* 90 miles S. by W. Montpelicr. This is a mountainous town bordering on the Green Mountain Range, with poor soil. Pop. 2SC. Btratton's Faus, p. o., Delaware county, A^. Y. : 73 m- W. B. W. Albany. Btrattonvillk, p. v., Clarion co., /Vnn.; 144 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. There is a steam furnace in the vicinity, with an annual capacity of 1,350 tons. Straustown, p. v., Berks county, Penn. : 39 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Stbawukurt Flaws, p. v., JeflTerson co., Tfnn,: on 3. side Ilolslon r., 171 m. E. Nasliville. The E. Tunnessee and Virginia R. 11. passes through the village. Strawhridgk, p. o., Y'ork county, J'etm.: 85 m. S. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Strawtown, p. v., Hamilton county, Ind. : on E. bank of White r., 25 m. N. by E.^ludiauiipnlis. It was once an Indian town, and derives its name from a house In it, thatched with straw. It is pleasantly located, and contains about 200 inhabitants. Sti:f.etsisoro', t and p. v., Portage county, Ohio: IIT m. N. E. Columbus. Surface gently uneven. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and one of its branches. The Cleveland and Pittsburg R. R. passes across the S. W. corner of the town. Pop. of t. 1,10s. Street's Run, p. v., Alleghany co., Pain. : on Mononga hela r., -t -m. S. E. Pittsburg; 157 m. W. Harrisburg. Strickersville, p. v., Chester county, J'enn. : on a small stream flowing E. into the Delaware river, G7 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Strickland's^ P- o-» Ware county, Ga.: 114 m S. S. E. Milledgeville. Strickland's DepSt, p. v. and sta., Duplin co., Al Car.: on the Wilmington and Weldon U. R., 37 m. S. Goldsboro', and S7 m. S. S. E. Ualeigh. Stricklakd's Ferry, sta., Kennebec co., Me. : on Andros- coggin river and R. R., 12 m. from Leeds sta., 21 m. W. Augusta. Strinestown, p. v., York county, Pontu: 13 m. S. E. Harrisburg. String Prairie, p. o., Lee eo. la. : 69 ft. S. Iowa City. String Prairie, p. 0., Burleson co., 'J'tx. : 66 m. E. by N. Austin City. Stringtown, p. v., Richland co., PL : on the border of a fertile prairie, 110 m. S. E. Springfield. Stringtown, p. o., Kipley county, Ind.: 65 miles S. E. Indianapolis. Stiiode. p. o., Culpepper county, llrff. : 65 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Strodk's Mills, p. o., Mifflin co., Penn.: 49 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Strong, t. and p. v., Franklin co., M^. : 4S in. N. W. by N. Augusta. Surfiice uneven in the S. ; well watered by ji^andy r., alopg which is a fine tract of fertile intervale. The v. is very pleasant. Pop. of 1. 1,008. Stronostown, p. r., Indiana co., Penn. : on Yellow cr., lOS m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Stkosobvili.e, I. and p. v., Cuyahoga connty, Ohio : 14 m. S. S. W. Cleveland, 105 m. N. E. Columbus. W.itered by E. branch of Rocky r., upon which the v. is situated. The v. contains several mills, stores, etc., and 3 churches. Pop. of 1. 1.199. SxRornsnrRo, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Penn. : on Iho N. bank of Smilhfleld cr., 8 m. N. W. fi-om Delaware Gap, 95 ni. N. E. Harrisburg. It is built upon one street, and contains a court-bouse, jail, and other public buildings, a forge moved by water-power, producing 2S0 tons annu- ally, several mills, etc. Two weekly newspapers are pub- lished : ".Tetfersonian Republican" (whig), and "Monroe Democrat" (dom.) Pop. S41. Strvkersvillk. p. v., Wyoming co., K, Y. : on Buffalo creek. 244 m. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, a few mills, etc. Pop. ahout 250. Stimp Bridge, p. o., Madison county, Miu.: 25 m. N Jackson. Sti'rbrtdgk, t. and p. v., "Worcester co., Mam. : 55 m. W. S. W. Boston. Surface uneven— finely watered by Quinncbaug r. and its numerous branches, some of which flow through fine fish-ponds. Water-power is afforded by STU SUQ Iho Quinnebaug, and improved by factories of coltou goods, grist and saw mills, etc. Tho v. at the centre contains 2 clmrclies. Pop. of t. 2.1 19. Bturgeonvillic, p. o., Brunswick county, Virg.: 5S ra. fi. by W. Ilichmoii ni. N. IlarLfinl. Surf:ice diversified; soil fertile loam, but with- out alluvial meadows, owing to the elevated banks, and ofTording some of the best farms in the Slate. The v., on one street, one mile long, is pleasantly built on elevated ground, commanding fine views of the river and vicinity. The Connecticut Literary Insiilulion, here located, was founded by the Baptists in lS;i5; it bus a brick edifice, four stories high, and employs four teachers. The v. and t. have considerable manufactories. Pop. of t. 2.962. 8uFFii:Lri, t. and p. o., Portage co., Ohio: lOS m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface gently uneven. Pop. 1,275. Suffolk county, Munh. Situate E., and contains 109 sq. ni. Drained principally by Uie Charles r. It consists of Boston and Chelsea, in coimeclion with several small islands. Surface generally level ; soil ferlile. Chief pnid- uctj», wheat, Indi.-ui corn, and potatoes. This county has ma'hy extensive manufactures, and is at the ])res(;nt time Uie mosl important in the State, the city of Boston constitut- ing the greater part of ils area. Farms 76: manuf. 1,9S9; dwell. 16.567, and pop.— wh. M2,4a4, fr. col. 2.023— total 142.507. Oipital: llosU.n. PuhlicWorkft: Eastern R. R. ; Boston and Maine R. R. ; Norfolk" County E. R. ; Boston and Lowell R. R. ; Filehbufg R. R. ; Boston and Woree.Hlcr E. R. ; Boston and Providence R. R. ; Old Colony R. R. ; Grand Junction R. R., etc. * Suffolk county, N. Y. Comprehends the P'. portion of IjOng Island, with several considerable islands, the prin- cipal of which are Fisher's, Shelter, and Gardiner's islands, i and contains 976 aq. m. Surface hilly and broken: soil a sandy loam. It contains extensive salt meadows, and haa some minerals. Chief products, wheat and Inditm corn. Salt is extensively manufactured. Fishing is much follow- ed by Ihe inhabitants. Farms 323; manuf OG; dwell. 6,745, ■uid pop.— wh. 84,si)9, fV. col. 2,113— total 36,923. CapiUd : Sulfolk C. 11. PitUiit Works: Long Island i;. R. Suffolk, sUi., SutTolk co., iV. }'. .- in UV\\} t., on Long Island R. R., 43 ni. fi-om N.-w York. Suffolk, p. v., stjL, and cap.Natisemond county, Vinj.: on Nansemond r., 72 m. S. !■.. by S. Richmond. The Sea- lt>ard and Roaiuike R. li. pjisses through, 17 m. from Porlsnumlli, 63 m. from Weldon; as will also the Peters- burg and Norfolk R. R., now in construction. The v. con- tains the county buildings and 4 churches. The "Suffolk Intelligencer" (whig), and " Nansemond Chronicle"' are semi-weekly issues. Pop. about 1.700. Suffolk Cotrux-nouSE, p. o,, Suffolk county, iV. 5". (.SVd RiVEauEAn.) Sugar Cueijk, p. o., Telfair co., Gn.: 77 m. S. by E. Milledgeviilo. Si"GAR Creek, p. v., Hancock co., Xnd. : on the N. bank of a stream so called, 14 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. SuaAF. Creek, p. o., Crawford co., Peini. : near a lake so called, 1S3 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. A furnace operated by steam, near here, has an amuial capacity of ],10l) tons. Su«;ar Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., Tenn.: 69 m. S. S.W. Nashville. SiHJAK Creek, t. and p. o., ■\\'.iIworlh co.. Wine: 47 ra. S. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Fox r. There are several small ponils in the town. Surface level, consisting of timber and prairie land ; soil of great ferlilily. Pitpu- l!iti(m 1,229. SroAP. GitovE, p. o., Pendleton co., Virg. : 12S m. N. W Richmond. SuflAU GiujVR, p. o., Kano co.. III.: on Blackberry cr. of Illinois r., U9 ni. N. E. Sprinsjfleld. SnOAR Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., /"'/. ; 159 m. N. "VV. Indianapolis. SuoAP. Grove, p. o., Fairfield county, Ohio: 24 m. S. E. Columbus. SiuJAP. Grove, p. v., Powe.shick co., I yards wide, and winds Ihroufjh the Suscul Hills for 5 or 6 miles. The soil ia rich and well watered. The springs located here are of good teniiK-rature for bathing. Sulphur Springs, p. v., Williamson county. III.: on the Sangamon and Massac K. It., 155 ni. S. S. E. Springfield. Sulphur Springs, p. o., Madison co.. Miss.: 27 m. N. Jackson. Sulphur Springs, p. o., Henry co., Ind.: 39 m. N. E. Inli3. Sulphur Springs, p. v., Jefferson co., Mo.: on the "W. side of the Mississippi river. 96 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. There are a number uf springs in the vicinity, and iron ore and lead also abound. Sttlphur Springs, p. c, Cherokee co., TVw. .• 191 m. N. E. Austin City. Sulphur Springs, p. o., Benton county, Ala. : 103 miles N. E. by N. Montgomery. Sulphur Springs, p. v., Hhea co., Tfnn. : on the "W. bank of the Tennessee r., Ill m. E. S. E. Nashville. Sulphur Well, p. c, Shelby co., Tejm. : ISS m. W. S.W. Nashville. Summerfield, p. v., Dallas co., Al^fi. : on a branch of the Cahawba r., 49 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Su.mmkrfield, t. and p. v., Monroe county, Mich, : 11 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Itaisin r. Surfiice rolling, with prairie land and good timber ; soil fertile, producing excel- k'ut grain ; and some sheep and hogs are raised. Th*^ v. is on the Raisin r., and contains several niiils, etc. The Mich- ig;in SouthtTH and Northern Indiana R. R. crosses the N. part, on which is Petersburg statiou, 23 miles W. Monroe. Top. of t. 472. Summerfield, p. v., Guilford co., K. Car. : 71 m. N. W. Raleigh. Su-mmf-bfield. p. v., Noble co., Ohio : on the E. boundary, 65 m. E. by S. Columbus. SirMMERFORD, t. and p. v., Madison co., Ohio: 24 m. W. Columbus. Drained by the head walers of Deer cr. tribut- ary of Scioto r., affording good mill-power. The v. Is on the cr. I'op. of v. 139, and of the t. 755. Summer Grove, p. o., Smith county, Ter. .■ 209 m. N. E. Austin City. SiTMMKi: Hill, t; and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 134 m. W. Albany. Drained by the head branches of Fall creek. Sur- face hilly; soil of moderate fertility. It ci>n tains several mills and a Umnery. The v. is on a branch of Fall creek. Pop. of t. 1.251. SuMMKi: Hill, t. and p. v., Cambria oo., Penn. : 101 m.^V. by N. llarrisburg. Drained by branches of Kiskiminctas r., air<)rding power to several mills. It contains some light manufjictures. The Pennsylvania R. R. passes through the town, and a branch connecta it with Ebcusburg, about 11 miles N. Summerset, p. v., Polk co., Ia.: on the N. side of Middle river branch of the Des Moines, 112 m. W. by S. Iowa City. SuMMERsviLLE, p. v., GrecHc CO., Ky.: on Pitman's cr., W m. S. by W. Frankfort. SuMMEF^sviLLE, p. V., Jeffcrsou CO., Penn. : 125 ra. N. "VT. Uarrisburg, SuMMERViLLE. p. v., and cap. Chattooga county, Ga. : on the W. bank of the Ch.iltonga branch of Coosa river, 153 hl N. W. MiHedgeville, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. SuMMERTiLLE, p. o., Cumberland county, N. Car. ; 41 m. S. W. Raleigh. SuMMERviLLE, p. V., Cftss CO., Mich.i ou Dowagiakc r., 101 m. 8. W. Lansing. The country in the vicinity consists of dry prairie land. StrMMKRviLLE, p. V., Charleston monnlaiu- ous; soil fertile. This is cliiefly a farming town. The v. is built upon one street running parallel with the r., and con- tiiins several churches and some handsome dwellings. A bridge here crosses the river. Mount Toby lies partly in Sunderland, and pardy in LeverelL Pop. oft 792. Sunderland, t. auii p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: 89 ra. S. W. by S. MonlpcUtT. Drained by Battenkill r. and Koaring brook. Surface uneven, and in part mountainous ; soil fertile. It has excellent walcr-powcr, and some light manufactures. Sulphuret of iron is found in considerable quantities, and leauNviLLE, p. o., Veuango county, Pcnn,: 174 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Superior, t and p. o., "Washtenaw co., Midi. : 55 ra. S. E. Lansing. Drairicii l)y lloijge and Huron rivers, from wliich good watur-powcr is derived. Surface ia gently undulaling, with a rich soil. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,12T. SapEKiOR Ialbacco, ludian corn, wheat, and pota- toes. Farms 1,503; raunuf. -iS; dwell. 2,797, and pop.— wh. 16.171, fr. col. 272, si. 2,000— total 1^,443. Capital: R'jckford. SuERY county, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 2*33 sq. m. Drained by small branches of James and Blackwater rivers. Surface an extended plain : soil a deep loam, and fertile, in some portions making fine pasture land. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn, potatoes, etc. Farms 301 : manuf 5 ; dwell. 650, an.I pf.p.— wh. 2,215, fr. col, 985, si. 2,479— total 5,679. Capital : Surry C. H. Surry, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : 65 ra. E. by N. Augusta. This is a very fertile farming town, having a number of ponds and excellent water privileges. Unirm River bay bounds it on the E., affording navigable facilities. Its manufactures consist of leather, lumber', etc. The v. is situated at the head of an inlet of Union River bay. P<>p. oft. 1,1S9. Surry, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K. Ramp. : 43 m. S. W. by W. Concord. Draineil by Ashuelot r. Surface varied, in parts uneven. On the suramil of a mountain, on the E. side of Ashuelot r., is a pond covering 3 acres, 25 feet deep. Incorporated in 1769. The village contains several shops and stores. Pop. oft. 550. SuBRY C. H,, p. v., and cap. Surry co., Virg.: near an inlet of James r., 43 m. S. E. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. SrscoL valley, Solano co., Calif. : a little W. of Suscol Hills ; runs from the city of Yallejo to the northern part of the county ; S m. in leugili and 3 iu width, Napa bay wash- ing il3 whole length. It is a desirable and interesting coun- try, well adapteind the land in many places is nmch broken; soil fertile, and pro- duces excellent crops of wheat and Indian corn. It is cov- ered in different portions with a fine growth of timber, and has good pasmrage for callle. Farms 3,9u9 ; manuf. 322; dwell. .'>,203. and pop.— wh. 2S,529, fr. col. 159— total 23.6S3. Cajfital: Montrose. PuUic Work^: New York and Erie R. R. ; Lackawanna and Western K. R. SusQtrEBAN>'A, p. o., Broomc co., N.Y. : on W. bank of Susquehanna r., 124 m. W. S. W. Alb.'iuy. Susquehanna, I. and p. o., Dauphin ca.,Penn.: on E. aide of the Susquehanna r. Drained by Paxt-m cr. Sur- face uneven; soil fertile. Bluo Mountain crosses the N. part Its manufactures are flour, lumber, etc. Harrisburg lies partly in this town. l*op. 1,526. SusQCEOANNA river, Penii. : this river, the largest in Iho State, rises in Otsego county. New York, and flows S. W. (receiving Uuadilla river in Sidney t.) until it enters Penn- sylvania. It then returns into New York by bending W. course, receives Chenango river at Biughamptotj, and flow- ing again into Pennsylvania receives Chemung river 3 m. below tho Slate lin*'. Ita genenU course in crossing the Stale is in form nearly that of an oxbow. It receives the western liranch, its largest tributary, at Northumberland, the 829 sus SWA Juniata river at Bloomfield, and empties into Chesapeake bay, in the nnrih-east part of Maryland, at Havre de Grace, at which phiee it is IJ- m. wide. It is about 450 miles long, but its importance for navigation is not commensurate with this great length. It is navigable for sloops 5 miles from its mouth to Port Deposit, at the hea«l of the tide, beyond which it is entirely obstructed for 50 m. by a frequent suc- cession of rapids. In its upper parts the natural obstruc- tions are not great, and might be easily overcome. During freshets a great amount of lumber and produce is sent down in rafts, etc. Canals are extensivt-Iy constructed along its banks, which greatly facilitate the movemf nts of commerce. brsQiTEiiANNA Dep6t, p. G. &\nl sta., SuswAXTO.N-, v., Alleghany co., M,?. : on the line of the n,adTn': TJ °'w ''^/'-'^^ ■"• '""" Baltimore brf^ S feet a ,t ",'■,• ^^ "^^ '^""^^'P'"'' '"^^■o'- £'"■='"<'", ^..ii^Icet above tide-water. ' ■ SwANTo.v, (. and p. v., Franklin CO., Term. ■ on the F side of Lake Champlain, G6 m. (hy railroa.l) N. W Mont- peher. Dramed by Missisqui r.,which is navigable f ,r lake dcscen of twenty feet, from which are derived exitcnsive h5drau he power. Bog-iron ore is found here, and there is an excellent qualitj- of variegated marble quailed .and ex- tensive y exported. The surface and soil of the t. TeZl ti ;?bo " "Sr.cullural pursuits, with the exception of a per tiou bo dering on the lake. The v. is located at the fa , Z,: Xl:% "' "!'■"' "»"^-'--. -d Of inor^al g 13 m% F V 'S' ^''"'"' ^- ^- P"''"' '"rough ,he,° 13 m.g.L.Eouae-s Point C.V.T.) Vop. o{ L ■> f. part. Pop. „f , ,« ^'''- SwANTiLLE, p. a, JelTerson county, l,u/..- 75 m S E In.hanapolis. ^" ^• SWANZET, t and p. T., Cheshire co., iK TTi,,,,/,., 45 „ S^W Concord. Drained hy Ashuelot river and bra, ch"' The r. ,s navigable for boats as far up .a. Keeue. except a short curv-ing place around the rapids in Winchester Sir herthrw-V^'r'-'^""'"* ^"-^ Isa mi,:;[:-sp^: In or i! 'i"''!^"'''' "'■'■ "»P'-'-gn''tcd With iron:a!,3 a"her and IZ; "' '"^""^-^'-ro of cottons, woolens, nee i^ ut Ki er E e' ^s' r ™- '"'" " '' ™ '"« ^on-' ui i.ncr K. 1.., 6 m. S. Kcene. Pop. of t. 2,100 _^SwAnrswoon, p. o.. Sussex county, I ^„....65 m. N. T^:i^r;«^^bf^^-;--"— Of SwEAuiNoENs, p. o., Austin eo., ?;«• • 05 m F 1 v « Austin City. '^'' ™- -I^- "y S. SwEUE^• t. and p. v., Oxford county, Jr. • 67 m S w Augusta. Saco r. crosscs.lhe W. pan and on ,h v r two pond,, by the „„„c,s of wh eh the , ■ / , \"" adapted to .-rains The v i, . ''rained. Soil oft69"■ E. by N. 831 SYC TAB STCAMor.E Allky, p. v., Halifax co., 2f. Car.: N. of Tar r., 57 m. N. E. Raleigh. ^ Sycamore Gkove, p. o., Overton co., Tcnn. : 81 m. E. by N. Nashville. , Sycamore Mills, p. c, Davidsonfll., Teivru: 17 m.N.W. Nashville. SYDN0F.ST1LLE, p. v.,Franklin CO., Vtrg.: between Chest- nut and Snow creeks, 123 m. W. S. W. Kichmond. Sykesvillk, p. v., Carroll co., M'7.: on N. side of TV. branch of Palapsco r., and on the B:iUimore and Ohio R. K., 8-J ra. "W. by N. Baltimore, and 37 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Sylacau()a, p. v., Taliad<'ga co., Alu. : on the line of the Atbarha a* Tennessee R. R., 53 m. N. Monlijomery. Sylajuorb, p. 0., Izard co., ArA\. : S5 m. N. Little Rock. Sylco, p. o., Polk CO., 7'e?m.: 139 m. S. E. Nashville. Sy-LVA, p. v., ■Washington co., ArX:. : on a cr. of Illinois r., 153 m. N. W. Little Rock. Sylvan, I. and p. v., "Washtenau co,, Midi. : 33 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained l>y the head waters of Huron r. Surface undulating; soil rich and productive. "Wheat, corn, and oats of an excellent quality are raised. The Michigan Cen- tra! K. R. passes through the t., near which is the village. I*op. of t. 9S4. Sylvan, p. c, Franklin county, Penn. :^hO m. "W. S. W. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a forge producing annually loo tons blooms and 50 tons bars. Si-LVAN Grote, p. V,, Jefferson co., Ga. : at the source of Lambert cr., 59 m. E. Milledgeville. Sylvan Groye, p. o., Clark county, Ind. ; 90 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Sylvanta, p, 0., Bradford county, Penn. : 101 miles N. Harrisburg. Sylyania, p. o., Racine county. Wise. : 171 m. E. S. E. Madison. SYLVANLi,p. v., and cap. Scriven co.. Ga. : 105 ra. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. SvLVANiA, p. o., Parke Co., Ind. : 53 ra. "W. Indianapolis. Sylvania, p. o., Licking county, 0?iio : 25 miles N. E. Columbus. Sylvanta, sta., Lucas co., OMo: on the Erie and Kala- mazoo R. R., 11 m. N. "W. Toledo, and 123 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. Sylva>17S, p. o., Hillsdale co., Mic?i. : 59 m. S. Lansing. Sylvia, p. o., Hardin co., O/'fo: 57 ni. N. W. Columbus. Sylvesteb, t. and p. o., Greene (^uuty, TT/sc .• 32 m. S. tfadison. Drained b; soil fertile. Pop. 712. S-i-MME's CoENEKS, p. 0., Butlcr CO., OJiw : 90 m. "W. S.W. Columbus. Sy-mme's Ceeek, p. 0., Muskingum co., 0?tio: 49 m. E. Columbus. SYMSONLi, p. 0., Graves county, Ky. : 229 m. S. "W. Frankfort. Syracuse, p. v., Kosciusko co., /n/f. ; on the N. "W. bor- der of Turkey lake, at the mouth of Turkey cr., its outlet, 113 m. N. Indianapolis. Syracuse, p. city, and cap. Onondaga county, X. T. : on E. bank of Onondaga cr., near its entrance into Onondaga lake; from Albany, 130 m. W. by N. (direct) ; by railroad, 14S m. It is regularly laid out with wide streets crossing at- right angles, and is for the most part handsomely built of brick. Mijny of the public buildings and churches are handsome edifices. The hotels are noted for their size, elegance, etc., and. good fare. Its manufactures, besides the salt-works, are extensive, the principal of which are iron castings, machinery, and flour. According to the Report to the Bank Department of the State, for Oct. 25th, 1^52, there were then eight banks in Syracuse, with an ag- gregate capital of $1,040,000. The construction of the vari- ous canals and railroads which pass through Syracuse have •>'jide it the centre of a vast domestic trade with all parts o£ the Slate: these are, the Erie Canal, 171 m. from Albany, 193 m. from Bxiffalo; Oswego Canal, extending hence to Madison. Drained by a branch le Ml of Sh, gar r. Surface level ; Oswego, 3S m. ; Syacuse ami ITtica R. R., 53 m. ; Rnch* ester and Syracuse R. R., 104 m. ; Rochester and Syracuse Direct li. R., 63 m. ; Oswego and Svr.icuse R. R., 35 m. The Syracuse and Binghampton K. R. is in construction, and the Syracuse ^nd Newburg R. R. has been pro- jected. These great avenues of intercourse and trade have very rajiidly increased the population and general prosperity of the city, and will continue to develop its permanent greatness and importance among the large cities of the State and of the Union. The newspapers pub- lialied in ISoO comprised 17 issues, viz., 4 dailies: '"Onon- daga Standard" (dem.), " S. Journal" (whig), "S. Star" (whig), "Transcript" (neutral), each of which published weekly editions (ihe "Star" also a semi-weekly); 6 other weeklies: *'Onondaga Sentinel" (whig), "Religious Re- corder," "Free-School Clarion," "Liberty Party Paper" (abol.), " Archimedean," " Central New Yorker ;" 1 semi- monthly, the "Temp. Protector;" and 2 monthly, " Syra- cusean" (indep.), and " Literary Union" (Ut.) l*op. in 1S30, 2,5t:5 ; in *l&40, 6,502 ; in 1S50, 22.2T1. Syracuse is celebrated for its great salt works. The salt water is conveyed in pipes from the springs or wells to the works. The coarse salt is produced by solar evaporation ; flue salt by boiling, and other modes of applying artificial heat. The springs are pierced through ihe alluvial, and terminate on gravel. The wells generally used are excava- ted about IS or 20 feet deep. In one case a boring o^ 250 feet deep was made without finding fossil sidt, but the strength of the brine increased (as generally) with the depth of Uie well. From the strongt-st spring a cubic foot of wa- ter will afford 14 pounds of salt. In 1840, a new salt spring of great sirength was discovered by boring to a depth of 265 feet, from which large quantities of salt are now manufac- tured, 30 gallons of the water producing one bushel of fine 3a.It. From recent experiments in salting beef for the pur- pose of comparing the relative merits of Onondaga and Turks Island salt, it has been satisfactorily ascertained that Ihe Onondaga ia fully equal in all respects to the Turks Island salt, and in some points superior. The quantities of salt here manufactured during the year 1S5", were as fol- lows: 2S7,SS2 bushels of coarse salt, S43._SS2 bushels of tine salt, 53,600 bushels of ground or dairy salt— total 1,1S4,92S bushels. This total is about one-half of the total of salt manufacture in Salina during 1S50, and about one-fourth of the aggregate amount manufactured in IboO in this suit districL Taob's Creek, p. o., Granville co., ^V. Car. : 44 m. N. Raleigh. T.vBivRG, p. v. and sta.. Oneida co., N. Y.: on 'W. bank of Fish cr., 110 m. W. N. "W. Albany. It contains a blast furnace, 2 grist and several saw mills, etc. The "Watertown and Rome K. R. passes a little S. of the village, 11 m. ftom Rome, CI m. from Watertown. Taiseunacle, p. o., Marion disL, S. Car.: 85 m. E. by N. Columbia. Tahle mountain, Greenville dist., S. Car.: this remark- able mountain, about 20 m. N. W. Greenville, is elevated 3,16S feet above the surrounding country, and about 4,000 feet above sea level ; ono of its sides is an immense rocky precijiieo, wiih bold square front, presenting a very grand appearance. Taule mountain, Sierra CO., Calif. : 151 m. N. E. by N. Yallejo, is S.OOO feet high. Tahle Gkove, p o., Fulton co., lU. : 65 m. N. W. by N. Springfli-ld, surrounded by an elevated and beautiful tract of timber, from which it derives its name. Tabo, p. o.. La Fayette county, Mo. : 96 m. W. N. "W. Jefferson City. Tabor, p. o., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: 83 m. E. N. E Columbus. TAG TAL Tacaltjche, p. o., Marshall county, Miss. : on N. si-ie of branch of Tippah cr., IGD m. N. by E. Jacks*m. Taciiora, p. 0., Ma,rquetle CO., Wise: : 52 ra. N. by E. Madison Taokett's Mill, p. c, Stafford county, V/rrj.; Gl m. N. Richmond. TACOA,p. 0., Gilmer countj-, Gn. : on W. side of Taeoa river, 144 m. N. N. "W. Milledgeville. Tacony, sla., Phila14— total 5,146. Capital: Crawfordsvillo. Puhlic Works: Georgia R. R. Talthekela, p. 0., Pontotoc co., Miss. : 150 ra. N. N. E. Jackson. Talkes'gRocKjP-O., Gilmer CO., Ga.: 133 m. N. "W". by N. Milledgeville. Talladega county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 1,206 sq. m. Drained by branches of Coos.i rirer, w^hich forms ils western boundary, and also by branelies of Tallapoosa r. which traverse its southern portion. Surface level ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, and is produced In abundance; wheat and Indian corn are rai^d in good crops, and there is some excellent pasture, on which large numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened. Agriculture is the &3 hading pursuit wiib a large portion of the population. Farms 993; manuf. 21 : dwell. I.s01,and pop.^wb.- 11,618, fr. cul, 3.^, 8i. 6,i)n— total 1S,624. ' Capital: Talladega. Puhlic Works: Alabama and Tennessee River R. R. ■ Talladega, p. v.,-,|ind cap. Talladega county, Ala. : on a small branch of Coosa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. It conlnins the county build ingg. etc. The " Alabama Reporter" (whis). and '' Democratic Walchtower" (dem.) are issued weekly. Tho Alabama .^nd Termessee River R. R. will pass Ihrnugh this place. I'op. about 7('0. * TALLAUAjtsEE, p. city. and cap. Leon county, Flor. : and capital of the State of Florida. LatilUiie 30^ 28' N.; longilude 84° 86' W. from Givenwich. It is' situated - o., I'ontotoc co., J/iss.; 162 ra. N. N. E. Jackson. TAi!ENTrM.ji. v.. Allefrliany co., Pcmt.: on N. "W. aide of Alleghany r.. 147 m. Vf. by N. Harrisburs. The ^Yest- erii Divisii'u of Peiinsylvnnia Canal passes through, li) ni N. K. from rUL^lair;;. Pnp. 5(19. Taiuff, |). d., liiiller co., Ohio: on E. side of hrnneh ol Miami r., 100 m. S. W. by W. Cohimbua. Tarikfvim.e, p. V. ami st:i.. Ilarlfortl ooiinly. Conn,: nn FarmingNm r., 12 ni. N. N. \V. Harlfor.l. and on the New Haven and XnrUiainpton U. U.. 45 ni. from New Haven Vi contains l!ie large earpel ractorira of the Tariff Manufac- turing Co., which Lunpliiys a capital uf $300,000 in this business. Tarkio. p. o,, Holt CO., Mo,: on W, bnnk of Big Tarkio cr., a trilnitary of the Missouri, 210 m. N. W. by \V. Jeffer- son City. Taim.ton. p. v.. Picl^away co., Ohio: on E. side of Salt cr., 30 m. S. S. E. Cohmibus. It contains 3 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. about 450. Tarpaulin cove, J/i/A.*, ; on S. E. side of Naushon island, in Vineyard Sound. This is a good harbor, and has a light- house on its W. side. Tark,vnt county. Tea: Situate toward the N., and con- tains 1,1)18 sus, delightful, and fertile valleys. The valleys of the small rivers are extn-mly beautiful, and rich beyond any of the same description west of ihe Alleghanies. The valleys of the great streams— the Tennessee and Cumberland— ditfer little from the alluvions of the other great rivers of the central region of llie Union. In the small valleys are many flue plantations, so lonely that they seem lost among the mountains. Noble rivers, open to navigation, and fine pure streams, furnishing ample power for ecmomical purposes, are distin- guishing features of Tennessee. The Mississii>pi w.-ishes the western bordi-r for I61) miles, and its banks within this State afford some of the most valuable commercial sites to bo found in its long course. Tlie Cumberland has its sources and its mouth in Kentucky, but runs for about 250 miles in Termessee, through wliieh is its most southern bend ; it enters this State about longitude 85° 40', and leaves it about longitude SS^ 12'. autl wilhiii 10 miles to the east of Tennessee River. Steamboats have ascended to Burke.'^ville. in Kentucky, but ihey rarely pass above C.-irlhage, the point where Caney Fork meets the principal stream. To Nashville, the capital of the State, steambont navigation is easy and conve- nient. The Tennessee also rises beyond the limits of the State. The Clinch and Ilolslim have their sources in the Alleghany ridge of Virginia, but the Watauga, a tributary of the Uolston, the Nolichucky, and Big Pigeon, branches 887 TENNESSEE. of the French Broad Eivor, the LUtle Tennesisee, arnl the Hiwassee — al! rise in the Blue Biiige. The Little Tennessee is often consi'iered as Ihe nisiin river, out il is much infcTior to the Holstnn, with which it unites, and the confluence of the Holston and Clinch form the Teniici^see Jliver. M'lgt of these rivers are navigable by boats, and they receive nunieroos" TaUiable mill-slri-ains. The junction is effected at Kingston, whence the curse of the Tennessee is south and south-west until it enlers Alabama, through which Stale its course is generally west t> the Mississippi Slate line, on which it takes a north tlireclinn, through Tennessee and Kentucky, to the Ohio. After re-entering Tennessee, it flows 200 miles within its limits, and is navigable throughout that distance for steamboata. The Elk and Duck rivers are its only considerable tributaries: rising in the same district, on the western slope of the Curaberbnd Mountains, they reach their common recipient at a distance of 200 miles from each other, and are both navigable fur a considerable (Jistance. The Sequalchee is a smaller stream, flowing through a rich and beauliful valley in the Cumberland Mountains. Caney Fork, and Stoned Eiver, the principal tributaries of the Cumberland, are navigable streams: the former rises within the mountaifts, and the latter on their western slope. Western Tennessee is almost entirely drained by affluents of the Mississippi. Tlie mineral resources of Tennessee consist of valuable deposits of iron, copper, lead, etc., of which the ores are ex- ceedingly rich ; these are mostly located in the eastern and middle divisions of the State. Copper is of recent discovery, and promises to become a rich acquisition to the known resources of the country. Iron is extensively reduced along the borders of Cumberland River. In December. 1S53, there were in this region 19 furnaces, 9 forges, and 2 rolling-mills in operation,* and producing in the aggregate 44,500 tons of metal annually. Tlie lead-mines have been partially worked The gold region extends into the north-eastern part of Tennessee, but the metal has not been found in any large quanti. ties. Coal of excellent quality has been mined in the Cumberland Mountains, but, except for local purposes, can be of little value, Ihe means of transportation being inferior, and the coal-flelds of the Ohio basin being much more accessible and more cheap'y wrought. Formerly this coal was mined to a considerable extent, and carried from Crab Orchard Mountain, near Emory's Kiver, down the Tennessee to New Orleans. The supposed coal of Williamson, Davidson, and Maury counties is, according to Professor Troost, aluminous slate. The State contains quarries of excellent ruarble and other calcareous formations ; gjpsum is also abundant; nitrous earths are fmnd in the limestone caverns, and there area variety of other useful minerals throughout tlie country; east of the Tennessee salt is abundant. In the eastern section there are numerous sulphur and other mineral springs. Many of Ihe caverns are of great extent — some have been ex- plored for a distance of ten miles, and contain spacious apartments, and are traversed by considerable streams. The climate of Tennessee is mild and genial, being free from the scorching heals of the South and tlie chilling blasts of the North. Cattle may graze on the plains throughout the winter. Its salubrity is unquestionable; the low valleys where the waters are stagnant, and the alluvions of the great rivers, being exceptions. The soil of East Tennessee, prin- cipally calcareous, is eminently fertile. In the west the soils vary, and the strata descend from the mountains in the fol- lowing order: first, loamy soil, or mixtures of clay and sand; next, yellow clay; next, a mixture of red sand and red clay ; and lastly, white sand. In the southern parts are immense beds of oyster shells, on high table-lami, at a distance from any stream. Nearly all the forest trees of the central country are found in Itiis State ; juniper, red cedar, and savin cover the mountains. The pine-forests of the eastern section are valuable for their tar, turpentine, etc The sugar-maple is very abundanL Fruit in all its varieties is raised in great perfection in every part of the State. The agricultural pro- ductions are similar to those of the Ohio Valley generally, with the addition of cotton, which is grown chiefly in the south and west. The east is chiefly engaged in cattle-raising, and exports largely to the south. Tobacco and bcmp are aiso staples of Tennessee, and in quality are excellent. perfect growth. Tennessee is divided into 79 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: Eastern Tennessee— 2S counties. Counties. Pwell. Pop Anderson . ..1,091 . . 6,9SS. Bledsoe. . . . . . 8.>4 . . 5,951 . Blount . . 1,992 . .13,332. Bradley . . . .. 1,965 .12.259 . Campbell. . .. 916 . 6,063 . Carter .. 1,002 . 6,296. Claiborne . .. 1,425. . 9,369 . Cooke .. 1,295 . S,3II0 . Granger . . . .. 1.S94 .12,370 . Greene . . 2,938 .17,824 . Hamilton.. . . 1,590 .10.075 . Hancock... ..~ 989 . 5,660 . Hawkins .. . . 2.019 .13,370 . JelTerson . . . . 1,975 .13,204 . Counties. Dwell. Pop. Bedford . . . . . . 2.T54 . . 21,512 . C.iimon . . 1.326 . 9.9S2 . Coffee .. 1,1T9 . 8,351 . Davidson . . . . 4,257 . 88,881 . Fanns in cult. . 698. Mnnuf. E.tnb. . 9.. . 825. . 2.. . 976. . 886 . 621. . 565 . 38.. . 44. . 14. . 47. . 944. . 24. . 886 . 86. . 723 . . 34. .1,846 . 47. . 633 . 10. . 7S7 . 735 . 904 . 17. . 21. . 72. Cn pit ills, Clinton Pikeville Marysville Cleaveland Jacksboro' Elizabeth town Tazewell Newport Rutledge Greenville Harrison Snecdville Rogersville Danbridge Cdunties. Dwell, Johnson 505 Knox 2,S04 Marion 957 , Meigs S19 Monroe 1,816 Morgan 581 M-Minn 2,040 . Polk I,:il2, Khea 6S1 Koane 1,812 . Scott 296 , Sevier l.OTl Sullivan 1,826. Wiishington .. 2,155 . Pop. intuit. E»l«b Capitals. . 8,705 . 326. . 42. . Taylorsville .18.755 .1,408 . 67. . Knoxville . 6,314 . . 724. . 9. . Jasper . 4,879 . 693. . 1. . Decatur .11,874 . . 918. . 69. . Madisonville . 3,430 . . 430 . . 8. . Montgomery .1.3,.106 . .1,688 . .115. . Atlieus . 6,333 . . 561. . 11. . Benton . 4.415 . 805. . 2. . Washington .12.135 . . 843. . 21. . Kingston . 1,905. . 290 . . — . . 6,930 . . 681. . 12. . Sevier .11,742 . . 816 . . 15. BlonntyiUe .13,861 . . 922. .120. . Jonesboro* Middle Tennessee— 32 counties. Farms Mamif. r-.„i.-.l.noO 3S0 410 225,000 90 HO , 1^10 TENNESSEE. Middle TtiNNESSEK— 32 counties— [cojiiinu^'fr]. Counties. Dwell. Giles 2,S30. Grundy 435 . Hickman 1,206. Humphreys . . 919 . Jacbsoa 2."25 . Lawrence 1,361 . Lewis 599 . Lincoln 3,010 . Macon 1,041 . Marshall 2,061 . Maury 2,961 . Montgomery . 2,080 . Counties, 'ell. Benton 9S4 . Carroll 2,105 . Decatur 941 . Dyer. Fayette . . . . Gibson Henderson. Haywood . , Hardeman . Hardin . 8'J4 . . 1.961 . . 2.529 . . 1.798 . ,. 1.454. . 1.735 . .. 1.503 . Pop. Farms incult. Wanu E>lab Cajutals. counties. Dwell. Pop. 25.9-19 . .2,075 . .189. . Pulaski Overton . 1,673 . . 11,211 2,7T3 . 263 . 2. . AlLimont Robertson . . . 1,995 . . 16,145 9.397 . 7-S. . 46. . Ccnfreville RuthertbrJ. . 2.S95 . . 29,122 6,432 . 679 . 46. . Waverly Smith . 2.422 . . 13,412 15,673 .1,211 . . 4. . Gainesboro' Stewart . 1,235 . 9,719 9,230 . 993 . . 48. . Lawrenceburig Sumner . 2,565 . . 22,717 4,4;)8 . 894. . 13. . Hampshire Van Bureu . . 404 . . 2,674 23,492 . .1.926 . .100. . Fayetteville Warren.... . 1.3S7 . . 10,179 6J)4S , 782 . 3. . La Fajftle W:iyue . 1,216 . 8,170 15,616 . .1,082 . . 83. Lewisburg While . 1,706 .11,4+4 29.520 .1.501 .112 . . Columbia Williamson. . 2,5.34 . 27,201 21,045 .1,227 . 69. . Clarksville Wilson .... . 3,411 .27,444 Westeen Tennessee— 19 counlius. P,.p. Farms irirult. Manr. Kstub '; Cai.itala. Ciinnties. Dwell. Pop. 6,315 . . T06. . 2. Camden Henry . 2,245 . . 13.233 15,96T . .1,404 . . 24. Iluntinedon Lauderdale. . 56S . . 5,109 6.003 . 443 . . 15. . Decaturville Matlison . 2,2S2 . . 21,470 6,361 . . 515 . . 7 . Dyersburg M-.Nairy.... . 1,S95 . . 12,314 26,719 .1,172 . . 29 . . Somerville Obi'in . 1,131 . . 7,633 19.S4S . .2,160 . . 43. . Trenlon Perry . 927 . . 5,822 13.104 . . 973 . . 25. . Lexington Shelby . 2,926 . . 31,167 l-,3.i9 . . 967. . 13. Brownsville Tipton . 313 . . 8,837 17,456 .1,027 . . 64. . Bolivar Wealiley.... . 1,943 . . 14,608 10,323 . 690. . 19. . Savannah Farms ia cult. . 929 . .1,063 . .1..507 . .1,310 . ,. 936. .1,335 . . 192 . . 615. . 689. .1,341 . ,.1,356 . .1,933 . Farms Ifl cilt. .1,478 . 237, .1,403 .1,379 . 6.'i3 . 458 .1,115 . 031 .1,467 Manor. Est.^b. . 9.. .63.. . 41 .. . 82 . . . 83.. .103.. . 6.. , 6.. .10.. . 23 . . .64.. .86.. tVIanuf. Efitab. .51.. . 4.. .49.. .83.. . 6.. . 4.. .129.. .16.. . 13 . . Capitals' Monroe Springfield Murfreesboro' Carthage Dover Gallatin Spencer M'Minnville Waynesboro' Sparta Franklin Lebanon. Capitala. Paris Kiptey Jackson Piirdy Troy Linden Kaleigh Covins;ton Dresden The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 129.420; of families, 130,00a; and of inhabitants, 1,002,625; viz.. whites 756,893— males 882,270, and females 374,623; fr. col. G.271— males 3,072, and females 3,199, and si. 239.461. or the whole population there were, deaf and dwnh—wh. 835. fr. col. 2, st. 40— total 377 ; bUnd—v/li. 385, fr. col. 10. si. 73— total 468; inmne—wh. 453, fr. col. 4, si. 21— total 47S; and idiotic—v/'h. 789, fr. c«>l. 4, si. 6*— total 854 The number of free persons bom in the United States was 755,655, the number of foreign birlh 5,740, and of birih un- known 1.759. The natire population originated as fullows: Maine 97, N. llarap. 64. Vcrni. 179, Mass. 331, li. I. 33, Conn. 261, N. York 1,019, N. Jer. 248, Penn. 2,146, Del. 95, Md. 1.554, Dist. of Col. 101, Virg. 46,631, N. Cur. 72,027, 8. Car. 15.197, C.a. 4,863, Flor. 369, Ala. 6,39S, Miss. 2,137, La. 261, Te.v. 100, Ark. 496, Te7i?iessee 585.0*1, Ky. 12,069, Ohio 742, Mich. 7, Ind. 769, 111. 872, Mo. 920, la. 30, Wise. S, Calif, n, Tt-rrilories 2 ; and the foreign population was com- posed of persons from— England 706, Ireland 2,640, Scotland 327, Wales 17, Germany 1,168, France 245, Spain 3. Portugal 2, Belgium 4, Holland 57, It:ily 59, Austria 10, Switzerland 266, Russia 9, Denmark S, Norway 0, Sweden S, Prussia 33, Sardinia 2, Greece 2, China 0, Asia 3, Africa 5. British America 76, Mexico 12, Central America 0, South America 0, West Indies 20, Sandwich Islands 0, and other countries 59. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the United Stales authorities : Cotoreil Perflors. Perpnni.ii IniTPnse. Census Wliit© , ' ■ , years. Persons. Free. Slave. 1790,... .... 32,013.... .... 361.... .... 8,417 1800.... .... 91,709.... .... 809.... .... 13,.'>S4 ISIO.... ....215,875.... ....1,317.... .... 44.635 1S20.... ....339.937.... ....2.779.... .... 80,107 1330.... ....635.640.... ....4.655.... ....141,603 1840.... ....640,627.... ....5.624.... ....133,069 1350.... ....760.893.... ....6,271.... ....239,401 , Total Tolal. Population. 3,778 35,791... 1.3.893 105,602... 45,S,i2 261,727... S2,SS6 433,S13... 146.268 681,904... 138..')S3 829,210... Nun Per cent. .. 69,811 195.0 .150,125 147.3 .101.086 61.5 .259,091 61.2 .147..30li 21.6 .1,002,725 173,615 20.9 The general st-ilisties of the industry, products, wealth, and institutions of the Slate, according to the census returns of 1850, and other oflBcial documents referring to the same year, are as follows: Occvpied I.muU, ffc.—Improved farm lands, 5,175,172 acres, and unimproved attached lands, 13,303,849 acres— valued together at $97,361,212. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 18.50, was 72,710, of which 21,232 were in Eastern Tennessee, 32,546 in Middle Tennessee, and 18,933 in Western Tennessee. Totiil value of farming implements and machinery. $3,360,320. Zicti-.'foc/!-.— Horses, 270,6.36 ; asses and mules, 75.303 : milch cows. 230,4.56; working-oxen, 86,255 ; other cattle, 414,051 ; sheep, 811,591 ; and swine, 8,114,111. These numbers, compared with the stock in 1S40, exhibit the following results: 18,10. !■ 841,409 head. Description. Horses Mules and Aases Milch Cows Working O.xen Other Cattle Sheep 741,693 Swine 2,926,607 (■ 322,851 1R=,0. 27",0,30 head 76,303 " 2.50,456 .86,255 414,051 S11„W1 8,114,111 > incr. 4,580 head, or 1.3 per cent I 2.50,456 " 1 .-] .86,255 '■ \. I 414,051 " I rf«r. 72,089 ' or 9.6 incr. 69,998 ' or 9.4 incr. 187,604 ' or 6.4 .—the live-stock in 1850 was valued in the aggregate at $29,978,016. iV(X«Mctow'Jii»na;«.— Wool, 1,364,378 pounds; butter, 8,139,535 pounds • cheese, 177,081 pounds; and the valneofanK 889 TENNESSEE. mals slaughtered was $6,401,765. The wool crop according to the ceusus of 1S40 amounted to 1,060,382 pounds ; and hence the increase exhibited in 1850, is 304,046 pounils, or 19.2 ptr cent. The product per fleece in ISlOj was 22.8 ounces, and in 1S50, 26.S ounces— increase in production 4 ounces per fleece, or 1T.6 per cent. Grain O-ty?^.— Wheat, 1,619,336 bushels ; rye, S9,I63 bushels; Indian corn, 52.279,223 bushels; oats, 7,703,086 bushels; barley, 2,737 bushels ; and hucbwheal, 19,427 bushels. Comparatively, the grain crops returned in 1840 and 1S50 were as follows : Crops, lS4n. 1,9,10. Wheat 4,569,692 bushels 1 619,386 bushels Rye 804,320 " S9.168 " Movement. deer. 2,950,306 bushels ,or 64.5 per cent. 40 TENNESSEE. mills, producing 9,673 tons bar iron ; fuel consumed, 187,453 tuns ; hands employed 2,266, and aggregate capital invested In the manufacture, $1,514,736. ^ Tamterks employ a capital of $490,320 ; value of hides and skins, $390,159 ; hands employed 921— males 916, and fe- males 6 ; monthly cost of labor $U.37ii— male $I4,33S, and fi-mah' $02 ; sidt-s tjf leather tanned 333,SSS, and skins tanned 4.3,429 ; value of annual products, $746,4^. Tlie number of tanticric-s in 1S40 was 454, emplojing a cnpilal of $484,114, and 909 hands, and produ^:ing annually 133.547 sides of sole ioalber, and 171.324 sides of upper leallier. Mult and spiritoun liquors employ in tliuir nianufjiL-lure $Gij.l25 ; quatililies and kinds of griiin, etc., Cfinsumed— barley 8,001) bushels; corn 25S.400 bushels, and rye 5,4X1 hu.sluda; hands ciiipluu'd, 159; and whisky and high wines produced 657,000 gallons. In 1340 there were repnrted 1,426 dislilk-rih'S, producing aimually I,lu9,lu7 gallons, and G breweries, pro- ducing 1,S35 gallons; hands employed 1,341, and capital invested $21S,0S2. Tennessee has also large manufactories of macliinery, hardware, and other metallic ware, brick-yards, tobacco factories, saddlery manufactories, potteries, paper-mills, cordage factories, carriage factories, etc. Grist, saw, flour, and other mills common to agricultural States, employ nbout one-tliird tlie whole capital invested in manufactures. The chief manufac- turing centres are Nashville, Knoxville, Memphis, etc., but the great bulk of the manufactures are distributed among the villages, and as yet there are no manufacturing towns such as exist in the Eastern States. Cornme/\-e (uid internal communication. — Tennessee has no dirgct foreign commerce. The internal trade carried on through its rivers, railroads, and other channels, however, is extensive, and a large amount of produce, goods, and mer- chandise is carried to the seaboard at New Orleans, Savannah, and Charleston, and much of the produce of the State is brought d*iwn the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the Ohio, ami seeks a northern outlet by way of Piltgburg and the lakes. The shipping owned in the district of N.ashville in 1S.50 amounted to 3.776 tons, all of which was navigated by steam-p'iwer. The system of railroads in Tennessee is as yet but partially completed, but great progress has been made, and a magiiil^cent system projected. The centres are Nashville and Knoxville. From Nashville, lines diverge toward every direction — north toward Henderson, Louisville, Cincinnati, and Maysville, east toward Savannah and Cliarlestou, south toward Mobile and New Orleans, and west toward the Mississippi, at Memphis, etc. The great line from Mobile to Cairo also passes through this State, From Knoxville, lines also diverge to Louisville, on the Ohio, to Kichmond on the Atlantic, anil to the southern Atlantic ports. The ('harleston and Memphis Railroad is also in part within this State, but chiefly in Mississippi and Alabama. Tennessee has no canals, but several of the rivers have been improved and rendered navigable. The county roads, turnpikes, etc., are of ordinary conslruelion, and hitherto have been the only available channels of trade to and from the rivers. They are genernliy good, and, except in wet weather, answer the present de- mands of the country. The several lines of railroad are detailed in the Appendix. Bank-'i.—Ow the 1st January, 1S51, there were in Tennessee 4 banks and 19 branch banks. The Bank of Tennessee (head quarters at Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Columbia, Rogersville, Shelbyville, Somerviile. Sparta, and Trenton ; the Planters' bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Franklin, Memphis, and Pulaski ; the Union Bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has branches at Columbus, Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville, and Memphis; and the Bank of East Tennessee is located at Knoxvillej The condition of the reporting banks at the date specified was as follows: liabilities — capital, $6,8S1.56S ; circulation, $6,S14,376; deposits, $1,917,757 ; due other banks, $61,633 ; and other liabilities, $10,000 ; and assets— Xoans and discounts, $10,992,139 ; stocks, $4:32.902 ; real estate, $662,520 ; due by other banks. $1,559,413; notes of other banks, $729,186; and specie, $1,453,773. A free banking law has come into operation since the above returns were made, and several banks have commenced under its provisions. Government. — The first constitution of Tennessee was adopted at Knox^'ille in 1796, and amended atNiishville in 1334. The rig?d of suffrage is secured to every free male white citizen. 21 years old, resident in the county where he offers his vote six months next before the election. Every man is to be considered white who is a ompetent witness in court against a white man. The general election is held every second year on the first Thursday of August, The Legihlature consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, in number not exceeding 75, until the population of the State is 500,000, and thereafter not exceeding 99 (now 75), shall have the same qualillcations aa voters, and have resided in the State three years, and in the county one year next before the election. Senal>irs, in num- ber not exceeding one-third of the represenia fives, shall have the qualifications of representatives, and shall be 30 years of age. Representatives and Senators are chosen for two years. The sessions commence (every secon*! year) on the first Monday of October. " A census shall be taken and an apjjortionment made in 1341, and in every tenth year thereafter." The Governor must be 30 years of age, a citizen ef the United States, and a citizen of the State for seven years pre- ceding the election, and is chosen by a i)lurality of votes for two years, but the same person is not eligible for more thaii six out of every eight years. If the oflice of Governor become vacant, the Speaker of the Senate, and after him the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as Goveriior. The a'hninifitrative officers are. the Secretary of SUtte, the Treasurer. Comptroller of the Treasury, Attorney-general, etc. The judiciary\% vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Chancery, and Circuit Courts. The supreme court is constituted of three judges, one of whom resides in each of the three grand divisions of the State. Judges of thi.'i court must be at least 35 years of age. and are elected by joint ballot of the two houses of the General Assembly for 12 years. The court of chancery is presided over by a chancellor, one in each of the f-tur ch.anrery rlistricts of the State. There are fourteen circuit courts, also a special criminal court in Davidson county (Nashville), and a commercial ,-ind criminal court of Shelby county (Memphis). The judges of all inferior courts must be at !i-,Tst 30 years of age. and are chosen in the s.ame way as supreme court justices, but only for eight years. All judges receive a fixed compensation, and are removable on a vote of two-thirds of both houses. Justices of the peace arc elected in districLs for sLk years; sheriffs in counties for two years, and registrars for eight years. Among the provisions of the constitution are the following: No person who denies the being of a God or a future sUite of rewards and punishments, can hold any ofiSce; any person directly or indirectly engaged in a duel shall he diaqnali- fled for office; no fine exceeding $50 shall be laid on any citizen of the Slate, unless assessed by a jury ; lotteries and ^he sale of lottery tickets are prohibited ; the proportion and the proceeds of the sale of the public lands coming to the State shall be applied U^ education and internal improvement; the Genera! Assembly can not emancipate slaves without the consent of the owners, etc. Amendments to the constitution, if agreed to by a majority of the mcmhcre of the two houses, shall be pahlished six months before the next general election, and if approved by a vote of two-lblrds of the members of the next Legislature, shall be submitted to the people, and if ratified by a majority of votes, shall be adopted. But the Legislature shall not propose alterations oftener than ten years. TENNESSEE. Federal Hep re-sen fat ion. — In accordance with Ihe law of 2-3iJ May. 1550, Tennessee is entitled to Un representatives in the Congress of the Uniied Stales. J^hiances, Debt, etc. — There had been paid into the treasury, during the biennial period endint; on the first Jfonday in October, 1S51; the sum of ^I,(i04,(tn4 94, and Ihert? had been paid ont witliin the same period for all purpr^ses, :fi)3:l,431 25. Excess f)f receipts over disliursemenis for the two years, $70,573 60, which, added to balances from former ye:trs. amount- ing to $I52,iy^ 11» makes the resources of Ihe treasury in October, ISot, $2'i2,77I SO. The receipts have inereas<-d within the last two years from $790,695 5-i to $1,004,004 94. and the disbursements from $862,436 66 to the sum of $033,431 25. The State debt amounted at the date aforenamed to $3,651,So6 66. and tlie annual interest on it to $105,626 37. The amount of productive property held by the Stale in ISol was $4,12S,725 74; school fund, $1,321,655. Ordinary annual expenditure, exclusive of debts and school fund, $290,000. The principal heyievoUnt inntitutionfi of Tennessee are, the Lunatic Asylum and Institution for the Blind at Nashville, and the Deaf and Dumb School at Knoxville, The State appropriates about $5,000 annually to each of these institutions. Tennessee has made no general returns of its militia force to the Cnited States Government since 1S40. At that date the total number enrolled was 71,252, of which 3.607 were commissioned oEBcers, and 67,645 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of ibe commissioned offlcers 25 were general officers, 79 general staff-ofScers, 859 fleld- ofBcers, etc., and 2,644 company-officers. All white male persons between IS anopiilalion was fnunti t.. have iricreasod to a very cunsiiierabie extent. In the succecdini; year a war broke out with tilt- norlhcrn Indians residing acmss the Ohio, and tenninaled by their suing for peace. The year ITTC) was rendered memorable by a furuiidahle invasion of tiie Chemkeos, wlioin the liritish had incited to attack Ihe infant aettlemenls. The Eritlah superintendent had previously made proposals to the Tennesseans to join the Britisli standard, and failing to lure tlu-m from the support of the colonics, tlius direetL'.i against them the savage foe. A strong force from Virginia and the Caiolinas, however, soon dispersed the enetny, and peace w:is again restored. "When the constitution of North Carolina was formed in 1776. Tennessee (then the " District of Wa-'liingtnn'') sent deputies to Ihe convention. In 17S0 the mountaineers of the borders of North Carolina and Tennessee distingui»ihed themselves in the southern can>- paign. at King's Mountain, Guilford, and other battle scenes, and soon after these eventa they penetrated the Indian country and dispersed the savages. At the peace these brave men again sought their mountain homes, and devoted themselves lo th sq. m. The lower valley is composed of several physical sections, in N. Alabama, W. Tennessee, and Ken- tucky, comprising an area of 17,600 sq. m., making Ihe ex- tent of the whole valley 41,600 sq. m. Its whole length is about l.lOii miles. In its course it receives numerous trib- utaries, rapi.l streams, but of no great length. The whole descent of the river, from ils source to its month, is about 1,700 feel. Tliere are no perpendicular falls, the greatest obstruction being the Muscle Shoals, in Alabama. Florence, at this point, on the N. side, is 259 miles from its mouih. to ■which steamboats come during high water. A canal has been mode along these shoals. 36 miles long, to admit the passage of steamboats, and the navigation of the river above is unobstructed for 250 miles, to the pass of the Cumberland mountains. At the entrance of the pass, a suck or whirl is caused by a large projecting rock, on theN. side, producing a sudden bend in the river. Tennessee Iron AVoeks, p. o., Montgomery co., Teji'n.: on Cumberland r., 37 m, N.W. by W. Nashville. These works are very extenaive, and produce 2,000 tons castings annually. Tennessee Landisq, p. o., Issaquena co., Mm. : C3 m. N. W. Jackson. Tennesser River, p. o., Macon county, 2f. Car.: on Tennessee r., 274 m. W. by S. Ilaleigh. Tennile, p. o., and sta., "Washington co., Gu. : on the Central (Georgia) K. E., 136 m. N. W. Savannah, and 26 ra. E. S. E. Milledgeville. Tensas parish, La. Situate E., in the western district, and contains 619 sq. m. Drained by Tensas river, and branches <»f Mississippi river, wSich bounds it on the E. Surface even and diversified, with small lakes; soil fertile. Along the banks of the Mississippi are some portions of rich land, suiled to the raising of cotton, sugar, etc. It is bounded on the E. by Bayou Macon. Staple pnwluctions, cotton, sugar, Indian corn, etc. Farms 165; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 244, and pop.— wh. 900, fr. col. 2, si. 8,133— total 9,040. Capital: St. Josephs. Tensas river, I.a. : rises in Chicot co., Ark., flows nearly parallel with tlie Mississippi, thmngb Carroll anN river and bay, Chippewa co., Micfi.: rises in the S. W. part of the co., flows E. by N. in a circuitous course, and empties into the bay so called, near the outlet of Lake Superior. There are some falls in this river. The bay is local*'d between the Straits of St. Mary, on the S. E., and Lake Superior on the N. W., and separates Canada from Michigan. Tebbe Acx BtEDF sta., SL Bernard par., La. : on tho 643 TER TEX Mexican Gulf E. R., U m. S. E. New Orleans, and S-J m. 8. E. by E. Baton Kouge. Terre Bonne parish, La. Situato S., in the eastern dia- tricl, and couUiins 1,G1S sq. m. Drained by Terre Bonne, Grand Callion, Little Callion. Large and Black bayous. Sur- face K'Vel, but in many parts so low, that it Is unfit lor culti- vation ; soil various, along the streams being exceedingly productive; but in general too moist to allow of iis being successfully tilled. Chief products, sugar, cotton, rice, and Indian com. Itcontaius fine lakes, and its coast is indented with numerous bays. Farms 224; manuf. 4; dwell. S.'iO, and population— wh. o,324. fr. coL T2, si. 4,32S— total 7,724. Capital: Houma. Tkrhe Coupee, p. v., and sta., St. Joseph co., Ind. : 185 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. The Michigan Southern, and Northern Indiana K. K. passes through this place, 73 m. E. by S. Chicago (III.) 'l^BBE CoL'PEE, sla., Berrien co., Mich, : on the Michigan Central E. K., 202 m. W. by S. Detroit, and 117 m S. W. Lansing. Tekee Haute, p. v., and cap. Vigo co., Ind. : on the lefl bank of Wabash r., 73 m. "W. Indianapolis. lis site is a high bank, trum Ol) to 60 feet above the river, and 15 or 20 feet above the adjacent prairie. This is one of the most im- portant towns in the State, and being located on the Wabash and Erie Canal, and on the most available line of railroad travel east and west, is destined to become a principal cen- tre of internal commerce. Among the public buildings, the most conspicuous are its fine court-house, town hall. State banking house, 13 churches, several good hotels— the Prairie House being one of the best in the Slate, etc. ; and the dwelling houses amount to over SOO, of which about one-half are of brick, and many are built with much ta^le. The business, wholesale and retail, carried on at tliis point is extensive and valuable. There are 93 retail stores and groceries, 3 book-stores, 4 printing-offices, and several large warehouses and wholesale concerns. The principal manu- facturing establishments are 2 foundries, a plow manufac- tory, 8 carriage and wagon factories, 3 soap factories, an oil- mill, 3 steam flouring and 1 steam saw mill, 2 breweries, 2 distilleries, 13 coopers' shops, 4 large slaughter-houses, and the same number of packing establishments. The number of hogs packed at Terre Haute in 1849-50 was 59.(i00, valued at $300,000. Among the religious establishments almost every denomination is represented. The means of educa- tion are ample, viz. : 2 seminaries, 4 select schools, and 5 district ecools. Here are also three societies for mutual im- provement. The pubhc press consists of 6 newspapers. (Viz.: the "Wabash Express" (whig), the "Wubath Cour- j ier," th^ " T. 11^ Journar (dera.), the "Prairie City," the "Imlependenf (relig.), and the "Indiana UniversaUst" I (relig.)— tht'se are issued weekly. The railroads centering 1 here are, the Terre Haute and Eichmond E. E. and the Atlantic and Mississippi E. E., forming links in the line from St, Louis to the East; the Terre Haute and Ahon E. E. I'hi Paris t^i Alton; the Evansville and Illinois E. \i. 10 Evansville, on the Ohio, and several others projected to dif- ff rent points. In thevicinily are rich beds of coal and iron, which, with the completion of the grand works connecting at Terre Ilaule, will becomo a source of great wealth to the counlry generally, and build up within the town a manu- facturing interest equal to the wants of the neighborhood, Terre Haute was founded in 1S16 : in ISSO it contained COO inhabitants, in 1340 about 2,000, and in ISoO about 4,900. Tekke Haute, p. o., Champaign county, Ohio: 45 id W. by S. Columbus. Terke Hill, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. W. S. W Harrisburg. Tekke Noie, p. o., Clark county,. Ari'. : 72 m. S. W Little Eock. Teurt, p. o., Carroll county, Tcnn.: 90 m. W. by 3 Nashville. Teuuyville, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn. : 13 m. W. S. W. Harlford. Teehyville, p. v., Abbeville dist, S. Cai: : on a creek or Savannah r., 81 m. W. Columbia. Tereytown, p. v., Bradford co., Fen7i. : 112 m, N, by E. Harrisburg. T£te de Moet, p. v., Jackson county, Ta, : 57 m. N. E, Iowa City. Tetersburg, p. v., Tipton co., Ind.: 43 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Tewkeshuey, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Jfiss.: 21 ra. N. N. W. Boston. Drained by Shawshcen r., which flows through the town, and by branches of Merrimac and Con- cord rivers. Surface even; soil light and sandy. The vil- lage is on the Saiera and Lowell and the Lowell and Law- rence railroads, 5 m. E. Lowell and 7 m. S. W. from Law- rence. Pop. 1,04S. Tewockiny Springs, p. o., Limestone co., Tea:: 123 m. X. E. Austin City. Ti^ixANA, p. Ym iind cap. Jackson co., Tex. : on the right bank of the Navidad r., 119 m. S. E. Austin City. Its lo cation is at the head of steamboat navigation, on the bordei of an exceedingly rich and productive prairie. It contains the county buildings, etc. THE STATE OF TEXAS. Texas is bounded north by New Mexico and the Indian Territories, from the latter of which it is divided chiefly by the Eed and Arkansas rivers ; east by Arkansas and Louisiana, the Sabine Eiver being it^ bounmpete with that of Louisiana for many years to come. Tobacco grows almost spontaneously thnJughout the country. It is an important production, equal in quality to that of Cuba, and will soon become an article of commerce and export. The indig-'nous indigo nf Texas is greatly superior to the plant whicli is cultivated In the United States. It is manufactured in families for domestic use, and is preferable to the imported article. Breadstuffs of every description are produced ctisily and abundantly in every district. Two crops of Indian corn an- nually is a common thing— the first planted in February, and the last in June. Wheat, buckwheat, millet, rye, oats, bar- ley, and other small grain yield plentiful crnps throughout the undulating region. Flax and hemp are well adapted to tlie soil. Rice is also produced in considerable quantities, and can be grown to any extent. Fruits of all descriptions are profusely plentiful. The grape and mulberry are indigenous, and grow luxuriantly, indicating that wine and silk, as well as tobacoo and cotton, will one day become valuable staples. The vanilla plant grows wild. It can be successfully cultivated as a commercial commodity. This delicious plant is highly esteemed in medicine, as a perfume to flavor the cigar, and in .various culinary arts, etc. The nopal, celebrated for the production of the cochineal insect, grows luxuriantly. Its fruil, with the leaves, flirnishcs food for vast herds of cattle and horses; for building purposes and fencing its limber is superior, and in Texas it also forms a principal article of fuel. The yaupan, or tea-tree, furnishes an acceptable an'l cheap beverage in lieu of the China product, and is not at all inferior in flavor to the common black tea of that country. Cayenne pepper, or the chile of Mexico, grows exuberantly all over Texas. Many other sources of wealth and enjoyment abound here, and will in all good time be realized by the citizens, who are already industriously exploring the true springs of national greatness and individual prosperity. The displays nf vegetation in Texas are profuse, various, and valuable, presenting on the one hand the stately and magnificent forest, and on the other delighting the eye with the rich and splendid scene of the luxuriant prairie, garnished with an endless variety of fragrant flowers, and f>irming a landscape of surpassing loveliness. All the varieties of the stellaria, yellow, blue, and purple, display their rich and gaudy tints. The fashionable dahlia, an exotic highly esteemed and carefully raised in foreign hot-houses, is indigenous to the south-wesL Geraniums adorn and perfume with their fragrance the wild meadows, and the water lily, trumpet flower, and the cardinal, are common in the fields. The May apple, bearing a delicate flower, is abundant, and violets form a common carpeting for the prairies. The passion flower Is frequent in its season, while the perpetual njse, multiflora, and chickaaaws, and other varieties, gmw without culliva- tiim or ca,re. The chaste and elegant primrose flowers everywhere ; while the jonquil and hyaciulh, honeysuckle and sweet seringa, form a variegated garland, or are thrown together in most admirable disorder throughout the paradise of flowers. The shrinking mimosa, an object of so much interest to the naturalist and philosopher, is also a niithe of the wilds, and the traveler, trampling over its drooping and apparently withered leaves, looks back in vain for the path hifl rude footsteps had marked out, but not a vestige of the invasion remains, but all again is life and verdure. The fruits of the tropics and of tlie north alike flourish in Texan soil. The fig is common, the peach unrivaled, tho nectar- ine, quince, and grape luxuriant, and these, siile by side, grow in the same sun and soil with the plum, apple, and paw- paw. The orange, lemon, and lime, the pine-apple, and olive ripen together. Berries are iu great variety. Tho mulberry, dewberry, whortleberry, and gooseberry grow wild and in the greatest profusion. The pecan, walnut, and hickory nuts are very abundanL Garden vegetables of every description, and melons, arc easily cultivated and yield io the greatest abundance. "VV'iUl animals, f(»rmerly numerous and f jrmidable tenants of the forests, are now comparatively strangers to the country. The black bear frequents the cane-brake, and is a favorite object of the hunt. Wolves abound. The peccary, or Mexicaa hos and the wild hog, run at large in the woods. These have degenerated from the domestic species, and are very fero- cious. Mustangs roam in herds over the north and west. Many of them are of fine flgure and spirit, and are highly prized for their fleetness. When domesticated, they are hardy and active, and alike adapted to the saddle or stirrup. Mingled with the herds of mustangs are found jacks, jennies, and mules. The bufl"aIo or bison is found in Texas astonish- ingly gregarious. Thousands and tens of thousands in a drove are yet seen in the interior roving over the prairies, the luxuriant herbage affording them the means of subsistence. The deer is still more numerous than the buffalo, and the moose, antelope, and mountain goal are also found ranging upon the frital9. . .Palestine . .Marion ..Belleville . . Bastrop . .San Antonio . . Boston .Brazoria . . Booneville ..CaUlwell ..Loekhnrt . . Port Lavacca ( Brownsville .< Uio Grande C. ' Laredo ..Jefferson ...Busk ..M-Kinney ..Columbus ..New Braunfels ..Cook C. H. ..Dallas ..Alton ..Cuero . .Bon ham . .La (5 range . . Richmond , . .Galveston . .Fredericksli'g ..Goliad- ..Gonzales . .Shernmn ..Anderson . .Seguin ..Houston ..Marshall ..San Marcos . .Athens . .Tarrant ..Crockett F:.rr M,ii Hunt 263. Jackson 114. Jasper 19'^. .Jefferson 259. Kaufman ". . 170. Lamar 497. La\acca 2ti3. Leon 2-31. Liberty .312. Limestone 350. Matagorda 176., Medina 177. Milam 414. Montgomery 260 . Nacogdoches ... 681 . Navarro 576. Newton 219. Nueces 151. Panola 4.'i0. Polk 292. Red River 420. Refugio 56. Robertson 132. Rusk 1,1145. S.abine 288. San Augnstine.. 850. San Patricio 83. Shelby 560. Smith 6113. Titus 545. Travis 423. Tyler 267., rpshur 454. Vanzanis 246.. Victoria 317. Walker 473., W.T.«l[ington .... 600. Wharion 112. Williamson 230.. . 1.530. 996. .1,707. ,.1,836. ,.1.047. ,..3.978. .1,571. ,.1.946. ,.2,522. ..2,608. .2.124. . 909. .2,91)7. , .2,3S1. ,.6,193. ..3,543. , .1,689. . 693. ...3,S71. .2.849. .3,9U6. .. 285. ,. 934. ..8,145. .2,495. ..3,IU7. . . 200. ,.4,2.39. ..4.292. .3,636. .8.133. .1.894. .8,894. .1,348. ,.2.019. ..3.964.. .5.9S3. .1,7.52., .1,563.. . 93. . 73. .123. . 91. . 94. .407. .139. .151. .149. .279. . 89. . 40. .152. .ISO. .237. .304. .145. . S. ,.209. .172. .166. . 21. . 13. ..■i67. .171. .1.53. . 10. .350. .243. .269. .146.. .1.37. .240. .1.35.. . 84. .234.. ..306. . .55.. .107.. . . 0. ..Greenville ,. O...Texana , . 6. ..Jasper . 4. ..Beaumont .0. .. Kaufman C. U. ,. 7. ..Paris . . . . Petersburg , . 5. . .Leona . . 1... Liberty , . 0... Springfield . 0. ..Matagorda . 0. . .Castrovillo . 1 . . . Cameron . . 8. ..Montgomery . 8. . -Nacogdoches ..13.. .Corsicana .5. ..Burkeville . . . 1. . .Corpus Christ! .. 0... Carthage . 0. ..Livingston . 7...CIark3ville . 0... Refugio , . O...Fr.anklin . 15. . .Henderson .12... Milam ..14.. .San Augustino , . 0.. .San Patricio ,. 6...Shelliyvillo .. 1... Tyler . 4...Mt. Pleas.™! . 1 . . .Austin Citt. . 6...Woodville . 0... Gilmer , 4. ..Jordan's Saline . 9... Victoria . O...Hunlsvillo . 0...nrenhara . 0... Wharton . 1. . .Georgetown The whole number of dwellings in the Stale at the above date was 27.958 : of families. 28.377 ; and of inhabitants, 212,692; viz., whites 154.100— males 84,56:3, and females 69.2:57; fr. cob .331— males 171, and fem:des 160: si. .6M61. Of the whole population there were, deaf and duiii7i—K\t. 49, fr. col. 0, si. 9— total 53 ; Uiiid—vrti. .59. fr. col. 3. si. 14— total 76: i i:srinf—\yh. 39, fr. col. 1, si. 0— total 40. The number of free persons born in the Uniterl States was 137,070, the number of foreign birth 16.774, and of birth tmknown 604. The luitinf population originated as follows: Maine 226, N. ILimp. 97, Verm. 144, Mass. 414, R. L 56. Conn. SW. N. T. 1,559, N. Jer. 20.5. Penn. 1,005, Del. 61, Md. 521, Disl. of Col. 86, Virg. S.5S0, N. Car. 5.1.55, S. Car. 4.452, Ca. 7,039, Flor. 365, Ala. 12.040. Miss. 0.545, La. 4.473, T,-ra.i 49.177, Ark. 4.693, Teim. 17.092. Ky. 5,473, Oh. 947, Mich. 12.5, Ind. 1,799. 111. 2.S,V>, Mo. 5,1.39. la. 109. Wise. 42, Calif. 0, Territories 14 ; and the fnrrifin population was composed of persons from— Englanil 1,003, Ireland 1,40.3, Scotlan.l 201, Wales 17, Ger- many S.191. France 647, Spain 62, Portugal 5, Belgium 5, Holland 14, Italy 41, Austria 11, Swilzeriand 134. Russia 10, Denmark 49, Norway 105, Sweden 43, Prussia 75, Greece 0, Cliina 0, Africa 4, British America 137, Mexico 4,459, Central America 3, South America 1, West Indies 22, Sandwich IsNmds 5, and olhiT countries 60. The general sUalistics* of the products, manufactures, weallh. instimtions, etc., of the St.ate, in accordance with the cen- sus of ia50 and other official returns referring to the saiTic jieriod, arc as follows : Occtipifd /,(rarf».— Improved farm lands, 639.107 acres, and \mimiiri>ved lamis attached to farms, 14.454.669 acres- valued together at $16,395,743. The whole number of farms under cultivation in the State is 12,198 ; and the value of farming implements and machinery, $2,183,781. * The Itatiatics of tlie county ofLa'acca are ool incluJeJ in tho cenaul returns. 84T TEXAS. Ztiy-5(*^c^-.— Horses, 7o.4i9 ; asses and mules, 12,364; milch cmvs, 2U.75S ; working oxen, 49,932; other cattle, 686,805; Bheep, 99,09?, and swine, 6S3.914. Total value of live-stock. $10,26G.S90. Animal Products. — Wool, 131,374 pounds ; butter, 2,326,556 pounds ; cheese, 91,619 pounds ; and the value of animals Blaughtered, $1,106,032. Orain tVins. Crews, Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tunis. Crews. American ....... .. 3... . 494 ... .. 26... ... 8... . 591 .. . . . 28 . . . ... 6.... . 1,085 . . ... M Foreign .. 1.3 ... . 8,177 ... .. 1.53... ... 12.... . 8.017 ... .. 189 ... ... 25.... . 6,194 .. .. 277 Total .. 10 ... . 3,GT1 ... .. 164... ... 15... . 8,603 ... . . 167 .. . ... SI .... . 7,279 . . .. 331 Districts. GalVfston . 10 . . . . 2,9S7 . . . .. lis... ... 9.... 2,924 . . . .. 121 ... ... 19.... . 5,911 .. . . 2-39 Brazos Santiago.. .. 6... . C>4 .. . . 46 . . . ... 6 .. 6S4 ... . . 46 . . . ... 13 .... . 1,363.. .. 92 The total amount of shipping owned witiiin this State, at the date specified, -was 8,897 tons, of which 3.309 Ions wero owned in the district of Galve-ston, and 5SS tons intliatnf Salurin. The principal ports of the State arc Sabine, Galveston, La Salle, and Point Isabel. The serial statistics of the commerce of the State are as follows : Yenr. 1846 . 1847. Exports. .. .. Imports. 17,266 29,S26 Vear. 1S43 . 1S49. Exports. 143,610 . 82,791 . Imj'iirta. 94,024 , 16,000 i Year. 1&50 . 1S51 . ExporH. 24,95S . 75,423 . Imprirts. 25,650 94,715 Coasti7ig,if)land, €tc.,tracl^, — In proportion as the direct foreign commerce of Texas is small, the coasting trade is extensive. As before remarked, the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the other States fur export, and hence a coasting trade commensurate with the staple and surpUis products of the State is carried on. The interior is chiefly reached by the tine streams which in every direction pcnetnile it, the principal of which are the Red River, on the northern boundary, and Sabine, Necbes, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Lavacca, Guadalupe, Nueces, and the Rio Grando emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. Most of these are navigable for light-draft steamers, which ply regularly on their waters without interruption on account of sesison. The rivers are reaclK-d from the neighboring settlements by wagon roads, which are good except in the wet season. The railroad is practically unknown in Texas, but many are now in progress of construction, and a few miles of the Harrisburg railroad were brought into use in April, 1S53. Texas will be intersected east and west by a Southern Pacific railroad, and many lines are projected between the principal ports and the interior, with. lateral lines diverging to the various centres of commerce. ■ It would, however, be immature to mention definitely any of the lines projected, as few are located, and fnverhave made any advance toward construction. The great road wilt probably pass from Providence, on the Mississippi, through ShrcVLpnrt, /,«., and Marshall, Tex., and another from New OrleSns, via Opeloiisas, etc., westward. A road will also be exteniloil from the Red River to the Gulf. 'VVilh these improvements the markets will be reached with facility, and immigr.'ition and settlement be rapidly directed to (he fertile interior. Cotton and sugar are as yet the only available exports ol the State, the annual product of which articles has been given on a former page. The imports consist of niamifaclurcs of all kinds, groceries, etc. Banlcing. — With the exception of the Conunorcial and Agricultural Bank of Galveston, there would not appear to be any other recognized banking institution in the Stale. Government, e£c.— The constitution of Texas was adopted at Austin City, 27th August, and ratified by the people 13th October, 1S45. The riglit of suffrage la conceded to every free white male pcrsoo, 21 years old, a citizen of the United States, or of S4S ^^^ TEXAS. Texas, when resident in the Stale one year, and six months in the district, county, city, or town, where he offers to vote. The general election is held on the first Monday of August biennially. The UnMitUm authority is vested in a Uouse of Kepresentativcs and a Senate. Eepresentativea in number not less than 45, nor more than 90 (now 66) arc chosen for two years, and they must be qualified voters who have lived two years in the Stale, and one year m the place where they are chosen. Senators in number not less than 19, nor more than S3 (now 21), chosen for four years, one half leaving offlee biennially, and they must be qualified voters, 80 years of age, who have lived in Teias three years, and fhe last year thereof in llieir district. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and commence on the 1st Monday in November. The llllli biennial session commences in November, 1853. ' The govmior and lieutenant-governor are chosen, by a plurality of voles, for two years, and are not elisible for more than four out of any six years. They must liave the qualifications of Senators, and the lieutenant-governor is ex-offlcio president of the Senate. The governor's veto to a bill is negatived by a subsequent two-thirds vote of both houses. The adminUtratme officers of the Stale are a secretary, nominated by the governor, and confirmed hy llie Senate for two years ; and a treasiu-cr and a comptroller of accounts, chosen biennially by joint vote of both houses. Other officers ore the attorney-general, auditor, adjutant-general, commissioner of the land office, and superintendent of penitentiary. The juiUi-iary consists of the Supreme Court, District Courts, County Courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two associates, who are chosen by the people for si.t years. Three sessions are held ainually : one at Austin, on the second Monday of November ; one at Galveston, on the first Monday of January, and one at Tyler, on the flrst Monday of April. The Court has appellate jurisdiction only ; but in criminal cases, and appeals from interlocutory Judgments, it is under legislative regulations. The judges of the District Courts are elected for six years, and hold a court twice a year in each county. District Courts have original jnrisdicliou in all commercial cases, and in all suits both in law and equity, in which more than $100, exclusive of interest, is at stake. In criminal cases, if the punishment "he not speciUcally determined by law, the jury shall determine it. In equity causes, either parly may demand a jury. The Judges of both courts may be removed by Ihc governor on the address of two-thirds of each house ; or, upon impeach- ment, to belied by the Senate. There is also in each county a County Court, silting once a month, as a Court of Ordinary, and once in three months for the tr.ansactioij of county business. Justices of the Peace, with jurisdiction to the amount of .floo, are elecled in precincts for two years. Among the provisions of the constitution, the ftjilowing aro the most imporlant : Any person concerned in a duel, sending or accepting a challenge, shall be ineligible to any public office :* grants of money for private purposes, or for internal improvement, must be made by two-thirds of both houses: a wife's property, both real and personal, acquired before or after marriage, shall be her separate property ; a homestead of not more than '200 acres, not included in a town or city, or city and town lots, worth not more than $2,000, shall not he subject to forced sale for any debt hereafter contracted ; no corporation shall be created, renewed, or extended, with banking or discounting privileges ; private corporations can only be created by a vote of two-thirds of both houses ; the State may not borrow money unless by a like vote, nor contract an aggregate amount of debt of more than $100,000, except in case of war, invasion, or insufreclion ; no law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, except by their owners' consent, and after paying a full compensation for them ; emigrants to the State shall not bo prevented from bringing their slaves with them, but Ihe importation of slaves as merchandise may be forbidden ; laws may be passed obliging masters to treat their slaves Willi humanity, and to abstain from injuries to them, affecting life or limb. In case of disobedience of these laws, the slaves may be taken away, and sold for the benefit of the owners ; slaves accused of higher crimes than petit larceny shall have a fair trial by jury ; and any one who maliciously dismembers or deprives a slave of life, shall be punished as If he had conimilted the same crime on a white person, except in case of insurrection of such slave : one-tenft of the annual revenue derived from taxation shall be set aside as a permanent fUnd for the support of f>ee public schools, and all public lands granted for such schools shall not be alienated in fee, nor leased for more than 20 years. The constilution may be amended on the proposal of two-thirds of both houses, which propositions shall then be published tliree months before the next general election ; and if approved of at that election by a majority of the voters, and then ratilled by two- thirds of both houses, in the next Legislature, they shall be vali.iyable half yc-irly ; $6,000,000 of this stock was not to be issued "until the creditors "f the Slate holding bonds and other certificates of stock of Texas, yiir u-hich duties on imports were specwUy pledi/td, shall first file in proper form, at the Treasury of the United Slates, releases of all claims against the United States on account of said bonds or certificates." The executive of the United States has decided '■ that aU the public debl of Texas created prior to the act of Congress of that Republic of the I4lh January, 1840, and all the debt of said Republic made recoivalile for all public dues, are debts of Texas, for which the duties on imports are speciaUy pledged, and that releases of all claims againsi Iho United States for or cm account of Buch debts, should be filed in the Treasury Department, before tho President wiU be justified in issuing the eccond $6,000,000 stock to Texas." M 8i9 TEX TEX Besides this immense sum, the State owns nearly 200,000.ii00 acres of liinds. .ind according to the census of the United States, the value of real and personal estate liable to taxation was valued at $52,T-lii,4»3. The average annual expenses of the Slate government are about $100,000, which is raised chiefly by a direct tax on assessments, and a capilatioa tax. The iniliUiry force of Texas consists of 19,766 men of all arms, of which 1,24S are commissioned oflScers, and 1S,51S non-commissioned ofiBcers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the officers, 1& are general officers, 45 gL-neral staff-oflQ- cers, 24S field officers, etc., and 940 company officers. Every white male citizen between the ages of 13 and 45 years, anless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. Federal Rejyresentation.— In accordance with the act of 23d May, 1S50, apportioning representation, Texas is entitled to two representatives in the Congress of the United States. Education. — Primary and common schools are established in the chief towns and counties, and education is becoming universal and easy of attainment. The State has a considerable school fund, which is being constantly augmented by grants and donations. The College of Kuterville has been liberally endowed by thu State, and is quite flourishing. Gal- veston University is also in full operation, and is very popular. There are also theological institutions in various towns, supported by the several denominations. Though in respect of educational means the State may at present occupy 3 secondary rank»tlie provisions made for its advancement insure the speedy enlargement of the sphere of their influence. Religious DeJwminrarian of ihe Smithsonian Institution, in 1S51, Texas contained but 4 public libraries, and 1,631 volumes — one State Hilary, 1,001 volumes; one cuMege library, 300 volumes; and two public school libraries, 830 volumes. Periodical Press.^The whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 1S50, according to the census, was 37, of which the political principles of three were " whig,'' and of 11 '' democratic," and 23 were neutral in politics, including those devoted to literature, religion, science, etc. Of the whole number t:i7), 3 were issued tri-weekly, 2 seoii-weekly^and 32 weekly. The aggregate circulation of the tri-weeklies was 2,5n0 copies at each issue, of the semi- weeklies ISOO copies, and of the weeklies 14.S37 copies. There were published — in Anderson county, 1 weekly ; in Bexar (San Antonio), 2 week- lies ; in Bowie, 1 weekly ; iu Cameron (Brownsville), 2 weeklies ; in Cherokee, Calhoun, Dallas, Fannin, and Fayette, each 1 weekly; in Galveston (Galveston City), 2 trl-weeklies, 1 semi-weekly, and 1 weekly; in Harris (Houston), 1 tri-weekly and 4 weeklies; in Harrison (Marshall), 2 weeklies; in Jasper, Lamar, and Matagorda, each 1 weekly ; iu Rusk (Hender- son), 8 weeklies ; in Red River and San Augustine, each 1 weekly ; in Travis (Austm), 2 weeklies ; in Victoria, 1 weekly ; Id Walker (HuntsviUe), 2 weeklies; in Washington, 1 semi-weekly and 1 weekly. Pauperism. —ThQ whole number of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending lat June, 1S50, was 7, all natives, and the whole number of paupers at that date* was 4. Cost of support, etc., $43S. Historical SkeidL—lliQ first settlements in Texas were made by the French at Matagorda ; but the settlers were soon after expelled by the Spaniards, who, in 1690, extended their cordons from New Spain over the whole territory. Previous to this time the Indians held undisputed sway over this fine country. Spanish forces were stationed at Goliad, Bexar, Nacogdoches, etc., and held military possession until the revolution which overthrew the Spanish power in Mexico, On the consummation of Mexican independence, Texas became, in connection with the adjoining State of Coahuila, a province of the Republic. Soon after this period, several colonies of Americans, who had been invited into the territory by the Mexicans, settled in the eastern section, and were for a long time secured from the onerous burdens of Mexico Proper. Previous to 1S35, however, serious complaints agaiust the central government, now a consolidated republic, were uttered, and in the following year open rebellion was rife. The Mexican President Invaded Texas with a large army, and was successively victorious and defeated in numerous skirmishes. The American settlers declared their imle- pendence in March, 1S36, and the defeat of the Mexicans and capture of Santa Anna, at San Jacinto, 21sl April, 1S36, secured to the patriot party the acknowledgment of their assumption by tha* leader, and the whole of the country east of the Rio Grande was acceded to them. The acts of Santa Anna, however, were never confirmed by the Senate, and of course their authority was, to say the least, equivocal. No serious attempts having been made by the Mexicans to regain Texas for eight or nine years, the political nationality of the country was considered as consolidated, and in 1S45, the United States of America admitted the young republic as a State of the Union. The consequences of this act was war with Mexico — a war wliich the United States virtually assumed by the annexation, at a time when Texas was in a state of war with Mexico. The history of this war is recent and well known. The arms of the United Slates were every- where victorious ; and when peace returnC*!, not Texas alone, but New Mexico and California Alta were parceled off to the Americans, and forever lost to the Mexican Republic. Tlie joint resolutions of Congress, admitting Texas into tho Union, were signed by the President of the United States, on the Ist March, 1S45, and ratified by the Congress of Texas, on the 4th July of the same year. The State Government was organizeti on the 19th Feb., 1S46. The bouudarj' between New Mexico and Texas, the latter of which claimed the line of the Rio Grande, was adjusted by compromise in 1S50. Austin City is the political capital of the State. Texas county, Mn. Situate toward the S., and contains ] Big Piney (V>rk of Gasconade r. Surface varied, in parts 1,247 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Current r. and I being hilly, but in general it is undulating; soil fertile. S50 TEX THO Ciiiof proiluctions, wheat and Indian com; it is also favor- able to lUe growlh of tobacco. Timber is abun.lanu It contains some minerals. Farms 233; manuf. 15; dwell. 394, and pop.— wh. 2,270, fr. col. 0, si. 42-total 2,312. c'.//> iUil : Houston, Texas, p. o., Washington county, Intl.: &l mUes S. Indianapolis. Texas, p. o„ Eand.ilph CO., lU. : 216 m. 8. Springfleld. Texas, p. t., Oswe»o Co., X. Y. : on Salmon r., near its entrance into Lake Ontario, 140 m. W. N. W. Alliany. Texas, p. c, Lycoming county, Peim. : 75 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Texas, p. o„ Henry county, O/ilo: 101 m. N. 'W. by N. Columbus. Texas Valley, p. o., CurlKiudt co., jT. F. .- 121 W. by S. Albany. Thames river, New London eo., Comi. : formed by the jimcliun of the Quinnebauff, Shclucket, and Tantic rivers, tiear Norwich, from which it flows S., and empties into Long Island Sound below New London. It ia navigable to Norwich, 14 miles. Thebes, p. v., and cap. Alexander co., lU. .• on E. bank of .Mississii,pi r., 170 m. S. S])riug8eld. It contains the county buildings, etc., and has many facilities for commerce. Tue Cornees, p. o., Ulster county, A', l". .■ on Esopus cr., 53 m. S. S. W. Albany. The Foeks, p. o., Somerset Co., Me.: on W. side of Ken- nebec r., at junction of Dead r., 73 m. N. by W. Augusta. The Glen, p. o., Warren co., JT.Y.: 63 m. N. by W. Albany. The Gtn.rn,p. o., Cfialham county, y. Car. : 8S m. W Raleigh. TiiB Naerowb, p. 0., Crawford county, Arl:: 120 m N. W. by W. LitUe Uock. Theological SEMUiAEy, p. b., Fairfax CO., Tlrg. ; 9B m. N. IMdimond. The Episcopal Theological School of Vir- ginia is located here, and in 1S60 had 4 professors and 32 sludciil.?. The library contains about 6,(J00 volumes. The Plains, p. o., Fauquier co., Vi/y. : 91 m. N. Ijy W. Eichmond. The Pokchase, p. o., Westchester co., y. T.: 114 m. S. Albany. r TiiEBESA, t. and p. v., Dodge county, Wise. : 67 miles N. E. by E. Madison. Tlie village is ou the N. side of Kock river. TiiEEESA, t. and p. v., .TelTerson Co., X y. .- 152 m. N. W. Albany. Surface uneven and broken. Drained by Indian r., on which is tho v., containing about 200 inhabitaula Pop. of t. 2,812. « Tue Squaee, p. 0., Caj-uga co., Jf. T. : ISO m. W. by N. Albany. TuETFOED, t, p. v., and sta.. Orange co., Verm. : on the W. side of Connecticut r., 87 m. S^E. by E. .Monlpdier. Surface uneven and rough. The t is well w.alered by Om- pomponoosuc r. and brauches, which alTord water-power, and also contains several pnuds, one of which is very deep' without inlet or outlet, and noted for abundance of fish. ThJ t. contains 3 villages. The central v. conlains a church an academy, several stores, etc. The Connecticut and Pas- sumpsic Elvers E. E. runs along the Connarticut r., having stations at Thetford and North Thetford. Pop. of t. 2,(110.° Thetfoed, t and p. o., Genesee county, JfMi. : 53 m. N. E. by E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Upper Sa'^- inaw and Flint rivers. Pop. 303. ° Tue VrLLAOE, p. 0., Point Coupee par., la. : 86 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. TniBonEACX. p. v., and cap. La Fourche par. La. : at junction of Blue and La Fourche bayoux. It contains the county l)uildings and 3 churches. The " MHicrv.-i" (whig) is published weekly. The New Orleans, OpeK.usas, an.! Texas E. E. will pass through this place. Pop. about 1.000. Thiokett Fork, p. o., Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : 60 m. N. W. Columbia. TmvENEB, p. 0., Gallia county, 0!do: 88 m. S. S. E Columbus. Thomas county, Ga. Situate S. tow.ard the W., and con- tains l,34Ssq. m. Ochl,.ckonee rivcrenters it in the N W an.l passes cftilrally through it, by which and iu branches.' an.l by branches of Withlachoochee, it is drained. Surface level; soil fertile, and produces c.tton, rice, and com, in abundance. Apples, oranges, and lemons, etc., are grown ami pine and other limber abounds. Farms 584 : manuf. (>; dwell. 833, and pop._wh. 4,943, fr. col. 4, sla. 6,166- tolal 10,108. 0/^tV«/;Thomasville. PnWie m,,*,, ■ Bruns- wick and Florida E. E., an.l Branch to Tallahassee TnoM.vs, sta., Burke co., G,i. : on the Augusta and Waynes- boro' E. E., 36 m. S. from Augusta. T1J0.MASTON, p. v., and cap. Upson county, G„ ■ 09 m W. by 8. MillcJgeville. It contains Ihe court-house and ja.l, an academy, 2 churches, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO TnoMASToN, I and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side of St. George's r., 86 m. S. E. Augusta. This t. contains an abundance of limostoiie, from which 300,000 casks of lime are annually ma.le. The Maine State prison here located has spacious and commodious buildings, with 10 acres of ground attached. The prisoners are extensively employed m cutting granite. Large ships come up to this t 12 m. from the ocean. The " Lmcoln Miscellany" is issued semi- weekly. Pop. of t. 2,72.3. TnoMASTowN, p. v., Leake co., im.i. : on W. bank of Gochamockamy cr., 61 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. TnoMAsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Thomas co., Gti.: 169 m S. by W. Mi:ie.lgeville. The projected Brunswick an.i I lorida E. E. will pass through this place, with whicU the N. extension of Ihe Tallahassee and St. Mark's E. E. wUI here connect. It contains the county buildings, etc., and is a village rapidly rising inio commercial importance. TnoMASviLLE, p. v., Orcgou CO., Mo.: 125 m. S. S. E Jefferson City. TiioiiASviLLE, p. v., Eoberlson coonty. Turn. ; 2S m. N. Nashville. Thompson, t., p. v., and sla., Win.lham co., Cmiv. : 46 m E. N. E. Hartford. Drained by Frencli, Quinnebaug, aii.l Fire-mile rivers, which afford g,io,l water-power. On their banks are the mamifacluring villages of Thompson, Ma- sousville, Fisherville, Wilsonsville, and New B.iston, all .,f which, except New B.ist.m, are on the Norwich and Wor- cester E. E. The t. is large, with hilly surface, and fine grazing soU. Pop. in 1S40, 8,635 ; in 1860, 4,638. Thompson, p. v., Columbia co., ff.z. .■ on Ihe Georgia E. E. SSm. W. from Augusta, 60 m. N.E. by E.Hilledgeville. ' ' Thompson, t. and p. o.,. Geauga co., 0/do: 149 m. N. K Columbus. Pop. 1,211. Tno-Mpsorr, t., Seneca co., Ohio : situate in N. E. corner of the CO., 84 m. N. Columbus. Tho Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E. E. crosses it, 23 m. S. 8. W. Sandusky. Pop. 1,663. Thompson, L and p. o., Sus(|iiehanna co., Pain.: 121 m. N. by E. Uarrisburg. Pop. about 400, Thompson's, p. o., Fairfield dial., S. Car.: 19 m. N. W. by N. Columbia, Thompson's Ceoss Eoads, p. o., Louisa co., Tirg. : on S. side of South Anna r., 31 ni. N. W. Eichm.md. " Tno.MPSON'3 Statio.v, p. o., ami sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : on Long Island E. E., 41 m. E. from New Tork. Thompson's Store, p. o., Guilford CO., N. Car ■ 73 m W. N. W. Ealeigh. Tn.iMrsoNTowN, p. v., .Tuniata CO., Penn. : on N. side of Juniata r, and on Canal, 29 m. N. W. Uarrisburg. TnoMTSO.'jTiLLE, p. V. and sla., llarlf..rd co.. Conn.: on E. bank of Connecticut r., and on Now Haven and Spring- Held E. E., 18 m. N. by E. Hartford. It contains a camel fiictory, which empl.>y8 400 operatives. Tk.)Mpsonvili.e, p. o., Eacine co., Wise : U m. E. S. E. Ma.lison. Tbo-mpsosville, p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : on small branch of Delaware r., S7 m. S. W. by 8. Albany Pop. about 2110. 6fil THO TiiciTPSoNviLLE, p. o., Washington co., Ky.: 33 m. S.S.W. Frankfort. TiioMF80NTiLi.E, p. 0., Culpeppcr CO., Tlrg. : on N. side of branch of Kapid Ann r., 75 ra. N. N. TV. Richmond. Tiioi's creek, Colusi co., Calif. : flows E., and enters the Sacramento r., at Tehama village. TiionSBiiBG, p. v., Spottsjivania county, Tirff. : 46 m. N. N. W. Kichmond. TnoENBiT.Y, t. and p. o., Chester county, Penn.: 67 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Chester cr. and Brandywine r. TuoExniKE, p. v., Hampden Co., Mam. : »pn S. bank of Cliicopee r., 66i m. W. by S. Boston. A manufacturing T., witli superior water-power. Thokndike, t, and p. o., Waldo CO., M«. : St m. N. E. by E. Augusta, brained by Seliaaticook r. Pop. 1,029. fnoEN Hill, p. o., Walker co., Ala. : 132 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Thoen Hill, p. c, Grainger county, Tenn. .■ 192 m. E. Nashville. TnoEN Hill, p. o., Orange co., Virg. : 50 m. N. W. by N. Kichraond. TnoEKLEYSTiLLE, p. V., Boono CO., /«(?.: IS m. N. W. Indianapolis. Thoenton, L and p. o.. Cook CO., III. : on N. side of Thorn cr., 15S m. N. E. Springfield. Pop. about 400. TuoESTON, t. and p. v., Grafton co., N. Ilump. : 57 m. N. by W. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by Pemigc- wasset river. On Mill brook there is a cascade, at which the water first falls 7 feet in 2 rods, and then falls over a rock 42 feet perpendicularly. Pop. of 1. 1,012. TiWRNToN, p. v., Delaware co., Penn.: 76 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Thoexion's Febkt, p. o. and sta., Hillsboro' county, jV. namp. : on W. bank of Morrimac r., and ou Concord E. E., 6 m. from Nashua, 29 m. S. from Concord. Thoenton's lIiLis, p. o., Rappahannock co., nrg. : 85 m. N. N. W. Richmond. TnoRNTowN, p. V. and sta., Boone co., Ltd. : on N. side of Prairie cr., near its junction with Sugar cr., and on Lii- fayette and Indianapolis R.R., 37 ra. N.W. from Indianapolis. The V. contains about 550 inhabitants. Thoenttlle, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 36 m. E. by S. Co- lumbus. On the Scioto and Hocking Valley U. E. TnOEOuGHFARE, p. V. and sta.. Prince William co., Vlrg. : 83 m. N. by W. Richmond. The Manassas Gap E. R. passes through it. It has flouring-mills in the vicinity, on Broad run, which affords good water-power. Tnonsisn islands, N. T. : situated in the St. Lawrence r., a little below Lake Ontario. The American portion of them belongs to JeflFerson CO., and the remainder to Canada. The St. Lawrence is here from 2 to 9 m. wide. The number of these islands, many of which are very small indeed, is said to exceed 1,500, within the distance of 27 m. The largest belonging to the United States are Carlton, Grindstone, and Wells islands ; and of those belonging to Canada, the largest are Grand and Howe islands. They are generally covered with cedar and hemlock to the water's edge : and many arc 80 close together, that a canoe can hardly pass between. Theee Foeks, p. 0., Barren co., Ky. : 96 m. S. W. Frankfort. TmtEE Foeks, p. o. Wilson co., Tenn. : .35 m. E. Nashville. Theee Foekb, p. o., Taylor county, Vlrg. : ISS m. N. W. Richmond. Three Mile Bay, p. o., Jefferson county, N. Y. : 160 ra. N. W. by W. Albany. Theee Rivees, p. v., St, Joseph's Co., Midi.: on St. Jo- seph's r., near the junction of Portage r. and Rocky cr. ; 74 m. S. W; Lansing. The St. Joseph's r. is navigable to this place for boats of 80 tons. Three Rivees, p. o., Polk CO., la. : 96 m. W. Iowa City. Three Rivers, p. v. and sta., Hampden co., Ma^x. : on Chicopee r., near junction of Ware and Swift rivers, 66 m. W. by S. Boston. The Amherst anif Relehertown E. R. passes through it, 3 m. from Palmer, 17 m. from Amherst. 352 TIM Three Roads, p. o., Cambria Co., Peim. : 95 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Theee Sfeings, p. o.. Hart county, Xy. ; S3 m. S. W Frankfort. Three SpEmos,p. o., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 55 m. W. Harrisburg. Three SpEntGS, p. o., Washington CO., Virg. : 253 m. W. by S. Richmond. TiraoG's point, Westchester co., X T. : on S. E. point of Throg's Neck, projecthig into East r, 13 m. N. E. City Hall, New York. Here is Fort Schuyler, a very strong fortifica- tion, commanding the entrance of East r. from Long Island Sound. Here also is a lighthouse. (See Lighthouses.) Throopsvillk, p. v., Cayuga co., 2f. i'.: on Owasco out- let, 151 m. W. by N. Albany. Tnu.-fDEE bay, Mich. This large bay sets up N. W. from Lake Huron into Alpena Co., affording an excellent harbor, with 5 or 6 fathoms of water. Its waters are of reddish color. It receives Thunder Bay r., and other smaller streams. Several islands lie near the entrance of the bay. TncRMAM, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: S5 miles S. by E. Columbus. TnunsTON, t, and p. o., Steuben co., K Y. : 1S6 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 726. Tiara, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. .• 18 m. S. Montgomery. Tibbatt's Ceoss Roads, p. o., Campbell co.. Ay. : 57 ni. N. E. by N. Frankfort. Ticoxdeeoga,!. and p. v., Essex co., y.Y.: on both sides of outlet of Lake George ; S7 m. N. by E. Albany. Surface of t is level or rolling on the E., hilly and mountainous on the \V. ; soil clay loam and fertile, particularly near the lakes. The V. is situated at the lower falls, 2 m. W. of Lake Cliam- plaiu. The outlet has here a descent of SO feet, afliirding great water-power ; it is navigable U> the lower part of the V. for lake craft. The ruins of old Fort Ticomlcroga are situated 2 m. below the v., on a point of land at the entrance of the outlet of Lake George into Lake Champlain. Their site is elevated about 70 feet above the lake. Abnut 1 m. S. W. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake. Pop. of t. 2,669. TmiosTo, p. o., W.arren co., Penn. : on W. side of Alle- ghany r., 162 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Tiffin, p. v., sta., and cap. Seneca CO., Ohio : on Sandusky river, 76 m. N. Columlius: The Mad River and Lake Erie E. R. passes through it. It contains a court-house, jaU, several churches, etc., and is the centre of considerable trade. Four weekly newspapers are published — "Seneca Whig," "Western Whig St:mdard," " Seneca Advertiser!' (dcm.), and "Northwestern Continent" (neut.) Popula- tion 2,72S. Tiger, p. o., Rabun county, Ga. : 130 miles N. by W. of Milled geville. Ti.;ei-. Creek, p. o., Claiborne par., La. : 195 m. N. W. by N. Baton Rouge. TiQEcsviLLE, p. o.,Terre Bonne par., Zn.; at the junction of head-walersof Tiger bayou, 52 m. S. by E. Baton Eouge. Tn-tEE's Feeet, p. o., Kershaw disU, S. Car. : 50 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. Tii.TON, p. o. and sta., Murray co., Ga. : 156 m. N. W. Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes through It, S m. S. Daiton, and 92 m. from Atlanta. TiMBAiJEE bay, La. ; Seta up N. W. from the mouth of Bayou La Fourche ; is 30 m. long, 3 to 6 m. wide. It is shal- low with sandy and muddy bottom. At its mouth are sev- eral large islands. Ti.MBEE, p. o., Peoria county. III. : 54 miles N. by W- Springfield. TiMBEB Creek, p. o., Marshall county, fa. : on S. side of branch of Iowa r., 72 m. W. Iowa City. Timber Creek, p. c, Hunt county, Tex. : 7 m. E. by S. ' Greenville. 2'iS m. N. N. E. Austin City. Tlmbee Gr/>ve, p. o., Washington CO., Virg. : 266 m. W. bv S. Richmond. TIM TIV Timber Kidge, p. o., Umou dist., S. Car.: fio ui. N. W. Columbia. Timber Ridge, p. o., Rockbridge co., Jlrg. : 101 m. W. by N. Kichmond. Timber Kidge, p. o., Greene county, Tenti.: 216 m. E. Nashville. TiMBEKVTLLE, p. T., Rockingliam, CO., Virg. : 117 m. N.W. • Richmond. Tjmonium, v. and sta., Eallimore co., M'f. : on the EaUi- niore and Susquehanna R. R., 11 m. N. Baltimdrc Tinker Knob, p. o., Botetourt co., Vi/y. : 145 m. "W. of Richninnd. TiNKKR RcN, p. 0., "Westmoreland co., Pe?}?}. : 143 m-W. Flarrisburg. Tinker's Creek, p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car.: 60 m, S. S. W. Columbia. TiSMOiTTn, t. and p. o., Rutland co., Term. : 63 ni. S. S.W. Moutpelier. Surface elevated and hilly. Drained by Fur- nace brk. It contains marble and iron ore Pop. 717. Tin.ney's Grove, p. c, Ray co., Mo. : 1'20 m. W. N. W. Jeffers'in Citj'. TiSTON Falls, p. o., Monmouth co.. 2^. Jer.: on E, side of branch of Neversink r.. 341 m. E. by N. Trenton. This place and vicinity is of great res<^rt in tlie sumnu-r. Tioga county, N. }'. Situate centrally, and contains 456 sq. m. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r., the princi- pal of which are E. and W. Owego creeks, and which afford pood water-power. Surface diversified by hills and valleys ; soil varirk.^: Mobile and Ohio R. R. TisKiLWA. p. 0., Bureau co., 11/.: 101 m. N. Springfleld. TiTTcLT, sla.. Plymouth co., M>usn.: on S. side of Taunton river, and on Fall River R. R., 31 in. from Boston. TiTSWoRTU, p. o., Madison coinily, Ark.: on N. side of Richland cr.. 125 m. N. W. Little Roek. TiTURor, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. ; 90 m. N. W. Colundjia. TiTira county. Tt^r. Situate N. E., and contains 1,145 sq, m. Draine'l by White Oak bayou, and affluents of Big Cypress river, which flows on its S. border. Farms 269; manuf. 4; dwell. 548. and pop.— wh. 3.1 6S, fr. col. 1, si. 4QS — lota! 3,(536. Capital: Mer. Toiiii.ige. .. 92S 495,021 ..1,129 179,597 Vessels. Huiiil)t:T, Tonruge, Steam 926 494,111. Sail 1,:2T 173,152 . Total 2,il53 673,293 2,057 674,615 Th#Brilisli tonnage in the above, consisted of 1 ateam vessel, 150 tons, aud 10 sail vesaels, 1,001 tons. The increase of the total number of vessels and their tonnage, which entered aud cleared from Toledo, during 1S52, over 1S51, was aa follows: Tonnage. Year. Vessels. Steam. Sail. Tr.tnl. 1S51 3,212 579,076 259,753 83S.S34 1852 4,110 989,132 358,779 1,S47,911 Increase... S9S 410.050 99,021 509,077 The total tonnage arriving at, and departing from, Toledo by the Wab-ish and Erie canal, during 1S50, was 134,400 tons, and during 1S51, 250,000 tons. Of this, by far the largest quantities brouglit to Toledo were those of wheat, flour, and corn ; and of those sent from Toledo, the largest was rail- road iron, of which the amount cleared in 1S51, was 13,SS9.921 pounds; and in 1S52, 41,933.502 pounds. The increase of gr.'un, flour, and pork brought by the canal frota the interior during lSo2, was 50 per cent over the amounts brouglit during 1S51. The receipts of grain aud other produce brought by railroad during 1852, were more than twice the amounts in 1S51, or any year preceding ; and this was also the case with the receipts by wagon. Toledo prom- ises to long retain ita present pre-eminence over the other lakeporla. as the leading market and ea^orting town of the great staples of N. W. Ohio. The city is divided into 4 wards of nearly equal population, lis newspaper press in 1850 consisted of the '* Toledo liiade" (whig), and "T"ledo Republican" (free-soil dem.), each issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. Pop. in 1S40, 1,222 ; in ISOO, 8.S10 ; in 185:1, 6,512. ToLERS, p. o., Amit6 co., J//m. ; 94 m. S. S. "W. Jackson. ToLEEvn.i.E, p. V. and sta., Louisa county, Virg. : 40 ni. N. W. by N. Richmond. By Virginia Central E.R., which pusses through it, 56 m. from Richmund. TOL TOP Toi-ESBOito', p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 90 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Tolland county, Conn. Situate N., inclining to the E., and contains 337 sq. m. Drained by Williuianlic, Hop, Hockanum, Salmon, and Scantic rivers, and tlicir afllucnts, wliich afford good water privileges. Farms 1,94-3; nmnut'. ■. 241; dwell. .5,741, and pop.— wh. 19,946, fr. col. 145— total 20,091, Ciqitlal: "YuWmA. Piihlic Works: New London, ■Willimarilic, and Palmer R. K. ; Ilartford, Providence, and , Kishkill K. P.. ToLLANO, l„ p. v., and cap. Tolland county, Conn. : 18 m. N, E. by E. Hartford. Surface rough and hilly; soil rather sterile, but fertile in the v.alleys. Drained by Willim.antic r, which bounds it on the E., and by head branches of Hop r. Snipsic Pond, on its N. W. border, is 2 m. long and J m. wide. The v., situated on an elevated plain, contains a court-house, jail, 1 bank, cap. $81,000, 1 savings bank, with permanent deposits of over .$125,000, 1 insurance company, cap. $253,000, and 3 churches. The New London, 'VVilli- mantic, and Palmer K, K., runs on the N, E, bonier of the L, having a station 45 m. from New London 21 m. from Palmer. Pop. of 1. 1,410. ToLLAKD, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mria. : on E, side of Farmington'r., 103 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated ; soil best adapted to grazing. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming. The v. at the centre is neatly built, and contains a Congregational church. Pop. of t. 694. Toll Gatk, p. o,, Marion CO., Alii.: on W. side of Butla- balchee r,, 156 m. N. W. Montgomery. ToHAUAWK, Bta., Powhattan Co., Vir(;.: on Kichmoud imil Danville P,. E., 17 m. W. by S, Richmond. Tomahawk Spriko, p. 0., Berkeley county, Virg.: 133 m. N. by W. Richmond. ToMisiGEEE river, 3riss. and A!'. ,■ on N E. part of Staten Island, 6i miles S. W. by 8. City Hall, New Tork, 140 m. S. by W. Albany. It occupies a very beauti- ful site, overlooking New York bay, the Narrows, etc, and contains many flne residences, with 3 churches, etc. Steam ferry boats ply hourly to New Tork. It is chiefly noted fbr containing the Quarantine Station of New York. The ground appropriated for the purposes of a lazaretto has a frontage on the bay of about 1,400 feet, and extends back 1,200 feet. It is Inclosed by a high brick wall, and includes ^ suitable hospitals for the sick, and offices for physicians anti others employed at thi quarantine. The largest hospital, that for fever patienls,,is nearest the water; it is constructed of brick, 8 stories high, 136 feet long by 28 feet wide. The hospital for convalescents, on rising ground above, is of brick, 3 stories high. 50 feet long, 45 feel high, with 2 wings 66 by 26 feet each. The small-pox hospitid is 2 stories high, SO feet long, 2S feet wide, and generally has the largest number of ])atients. There are other hospital buildings for various diseases, all of which are built of brick, with open galleries. Tom's Brook, p. v., Shenandoah county, Virff.; 118 m, N, N, W. Richmond. Tom's Creek, p. o., Surry Co., K Car, : on creek of same name, 118 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Tom's River, p. v., and cap. Ocean Co.. K. Jer. : on Tom's r., at head of Tom's r. bay, 35 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. ToMsviT,LE, p, v., Chester dist,, S. Car. : on N. side of branch of Broad r,, 58 m, N, by W. Columbia. , To.vAWA.NDA, t., p. v., and sta,, Erie Co., K T. : 269 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface of t. level ; soil fertile. Drained by Tonawanda creek. Grand island belongs to this town. The village is situated on E. side of Niagara r., at mouth of Tonawanda creek. Thn lugh it pass the Erie Canal ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls R. l;., 11 m, from Buffalo, and 11 miles from Niagara Falls; and the Butfalo and Lockport E. R. From the dam here in the creek there are outlet locks to Niagara river. It has a good harbor for steamboats and other vessels. Considerable manufaeturing is carried on. The " T, Commercial" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,261 ; in 1860, 2,072. ToNTLNE, p. o,, Steuben county, if. Y.: 133 m. W. by S. Albany. Tooele county, Utah Ter. Extends from the W. bound- ary of Salt Lake and Utah counties to the Califurnian line, and contains about 18.000 sq. m. It Is crossed by Hum- boldt and other mountains, and in the W. are Mud and Humboldt lakes, which receive many streams, but have no outlets. It is a flne farming region. Farms 27 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 33, and pop.— wh. 152, ft. col. 0, si. 0— total 163. Capital : Tooele City. Tooele, p, v,, and cap. Tooele CO., Utah Ter.: 30 m. W, Salt Lake Oily. Toolet's, p. o., Concordia parish. La. : 76 miles N. N. W. Baton Rouge. TooLSBOEO', p. o., Louisa co., Ta. : 42 m. 8. E. by S. Iowa City. Tool's PoraT, p. o,, .Jasper eo., la. : 72 m. W. Iowa Oily, TooMsuoRo', p. o., Wilkinson county, Oa. : 20 mUes 8. Milledgeville. Topsail Soiinp, p. o.. New Hanover co.. If. Car. : 106 m, S, S, E. Raleigh. TofspiELn, t and p. v., Washington county. Me, : 181 m. N. K, Augusta. Poj). of t. '208. ToPSFiELD, t and p. v., Essex co.. Mats. : 20 m. N. by E. Boston. Surface diversified. Drained by Ipswich r. Fu'St setUed in 16;?9; incorporated in 1650. The village contains a church, academy, and some handsome dwellings. Boots and shoes are amoyg the principal maunf;icture8. Popula- tion of 1. 1,171. Top8nA.M, t., p. V,, and one of the caps. Lincoln co., Me. 2S m. 8. 8. W. Augusta. Bounded E, by Kennebec river and S. and W. by the Androscoggin, which afl'ords great water-jtower, and extensive facilities for navigation and ship-builtiing. 8aw-mills are numerous, and lumber is largely exported. The v. contains a court-house, 1 bank, 855 TOP TRA cap. $50,000, churches, etc. Through it passes the Kenne- bec and I'orLland E. R., 28 miles from Portland, 32 m. from Augusta. It is oonnccted by a substantial bridge with Brunswick, situated on the opposite side of the Androscog- gin. Pop. of t. in 1340, 1,SS3; in 1850, 2,010. ToPBHAM, t. and p. v., Orange county, Verm. : 20 miles 8. E. by E. Montpelier. Surface elevated, unt;veu, and stony. Watered by head branches of Wail's r., which fur- nish water-power to numerous mills. The t. also contains several tanneries, and other manufactories. Granite is found abundantly. First settled in 17S1. Pop. 1,6GS. Toehit's Stoee, Chester district, S. Car.: 42 miles N. Columbia. ToEcu, p. a., Athens co.. Ohio : 69 m. S. E. Columbus. ToRO, p. 0., Sabine parish, La. : 162 m. W. N. W. Baton Bougc. Toronto, p. o., Vermillion county, Ind. : 65 miles W Indianapolis. ToERiNoFOED, p. V., Litclifield CO., Conn. : 22 m. W. by N. Hartford. ToERiNGTON, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Co7in. ; 26 m. "W. by N. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Nauga- tuck river and its branches. The Naugatuck R. R. passes through its E. part, having stations at the flourishing manufacturing v. of Wolcoltville (wliich see), and at Burr- ville. Burrville contains a large tannery, and furnishes large quantities of agricultural and dairy productions, con- siderable timber and brick. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,70T ; in 1S50, 1,916., TosNOT, sta., Edgecombe co., y. Car.: on Wilmington and Weldon R. R., 108 miles from Wilmington, M m. from Weldon. ToTTON's Weli^ p. 0., Obion county, Tetm. : 126 miles W. by N. Kashville, ■ ToTTENViLLE, p, T., Eichmond co., J^. T. : 143 m. S. by W. Albany. ToTTY's Bend, p. o., Hickman county, Tenn. : 43 miles S. W. by W. Nashville. TocxMiNviLLE, V. and sta., Mobile CO., Ala.: on Mobile and Ohio K. K., 8 m. N. by W. Mobile. It is of much resort in summer from Mobile, etc. Toulon, p. v., and cap. Stark co., Ill : 8S m. N. by W. Springfield. Situated on the border of a prairie, near the head of a small stream ; it is a pleasant, healthy place, con- taining the county buildings, etc. TowALLTOA, p. 0., Butts county, Ga. : 46 m. W. N. W. MlUedgeville. ' TowANDA, t, p. b., and cap. Bradford co., Penn.: on W. side of Susquehanna r and N. side of Towanda cr., 100 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Surface oft. billy; soil gravelly loam. Drained by the above streams and Sugar cr. It contains bituminous coal. The b., on the Susquehanna r., was incor- porated in 182S, and contains the court-house, jail, a furnace, tannery, and other manufacturing establishments. Three newspapers are issued weekly—" B. Reporter'' (free soil), "B. Argus" (whig)j and "North Pennsylvanian (dem.) Pop. 1.171. TowEE Falls, p. o., Monroe co., Tenn. : on N. side of Tennessee r., 157 m. E. by S. Nashville. Tower Hill, p. o., Washington county, R. /..'8 m. W. Newport. Towxesville, p. v., Steuben co., K. Y. : 193 m. W. by S. Albany. Town BLrFF, p. o., Tyler county, Tex. : on W. bank of Neches r., 216 m. E. by N. Austin City. Town Creek, U. S. collection district, Md. : had, on the 80th June, 1850, a total tonnage of 2,227 tons, all of which was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade. During the year preceding, il had no for- eign commerce or ship-building. Towker'b, p. o., Putnam co., N. T. : 82 m. S. Albany. Town Hill, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 80 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Town House, p. o., Smyth co., Ttrg. : 220 m. W. by 8* Richmond. Town Line, p. o, and sta., Erie co., K. Y. : on Buffalo and New York City E. E„ 15 no. E. from Buffalo; 254 m* W. Albany. TowNSBtJKY, p. v., Warren co., I^. Jer. : on both sides of Pequest cr., 44 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It has several mills, moved by water-power atT'irdctl by the crei^. TowNsi-^'D, t. and p. v., Middlesex county. MaB8. : 89 m# N. W. by W. Boston. Surface undulating or level : drained by Squantieook r. and branches flowing into Nashua t9 The t. contains three flourishing villages, Ihr^iugh which passes the Peterboro' and Shirley E. K. The v. at the centre contains 2 churches, a good academy, and is neatly built. Pop. ofL 1,947. Townsend, p, o., Chemung co., ^. Y.: 16G m. W. by S. Albany. Townsend, L and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: on S. side of Sandusky bay, 96 m. N. Columbxw. The inhabitants are mainly engaged in agricultural pursuits. Pop. in 1S40, 692 ; inlSSfl, 969. Townsend Haeboc, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 37 m. N. W. by W. Boston. The Peterboro' and SUiriey R. R. passes through, 8 m. from Groton, there connecting with Fitcliburg R, R., by which il is 43 m. from Boston. This is a pleasant and flourishing v., containing several mills, stores, etc TowNSEND's Inlet, p. o., Cape May co., JV. Jer. : 73J m, S. by E. Trenton. TowNSENDSYiLLE, p. 0., Scneca county, N. Y. : 160 m. W. Albany. TowNSHEND, t and p. v., Windham co., Verm. : SS m. S. Montpelier. Surface uneven, with elevatod and steep hills; watered by West r. flowing S. E. through it centrally, upon the E. bank of which the a. is situated, containing 3 churches and an excellent academy. The t. contains seve- ral tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. oft. 1,354. TowNTiLLE, p. o., Anderson diat., S. Car.: on N. side of Savannah r., 117 m. W. N. W. Columbia. TowsoNTOws, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. : 2S m. N. by W Annapolis. Tracy, p. o., Huntingdon co., Ind. : on N. side of Wabasb r., 81 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Tract's Landing, p. v., Anne AYundel co., Md. : 13 m. S. by W. Annapolis. Trapkusville, p. v., Madison co., Oliio : 25 m. W. by S. Columbus. Trade's Hill, p. o., Chatham CO., IT. Car. : on New Hope r., IS m. W. Raleigh, Tranquility, p. o., Granville county, K. Car.: 26 m. N. Raleigh. TRANQirrLiTY, p. 0., SussGX CO., 2^. Jer. : 66 m. N. Trenton. TnANyuiLiTY,*p. o., Adams co., Ohio: 76 m. S. by W. Columbus. Tranquilua, p. o., Jones co,, Ga.: a little N. of branch of Oconee r., 20 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Transit, p. o., Genesee co., N. Y. : 23T m. W. by N. Albany. Transit BuroGE, p. o., Alleghany county, ^ Y. : 22S m. W. by S. Albany. Transparent lake, y. Y.: lies partly in Hamilton ami partly in Herkimer counties, 82 m.N.W. Alb.iny. 11 isSm. long and 2 m. wide. Its waters, noted for Ilieir clearness, abound with salmon, trout, etc., of very large size and deli- cious flavor. It is surrounded by a wild regitm, abounding with gnme. Trap Hii-l, p. o., Wilkes co., K. Car. : 149 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Teappe, p. v., Talbot co., Md. : 82 m. 8. E. Annapolis. Trappe, p. v., Montgomery county, Penn.: 78 m. E. Harrisburg. Trascinto, p. o., Neshoba county, Miss.: 70 m. E. N. E. Jackson. TRA THE Ta.tsK, p. o., Grant CO., //('/. ; 61 m.N. N. E.IndianapoHs. TnAVELi-Eit's Repose, p. o., Pocahontas co., Vtrff. : 145 m. W. Nv W. Eichmon'i. Traveller's Repose, p. o., Franklin co., J/o. .■ on E. ei'le of B'liirbL'uae cr., 65 m. E. by S. Jefferson Cily. Traveller's Hest, p. v., Dooly co., Ga. : about 2J m. E. Flint r., 75 ni. S. \V. MiHedgeville. Traveller's IIest, p. o., Coosa county, Ala.: 2T m. N. Montgomery. .Traveller's Rest, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Old:: 99 m. N. "W. Colunibia. Traverse T)e Sroux, p. v., Dakota county, Mttm. Ter. : situated on Minnesota r..by which U is S2 m. from St. Paul; in direct course about 5C ni. \Y. 9.W. St. Paul. It was hud out in 1S52. In the spring of 1S53 it contained 3 trading houses, several stores, etc., with good prospects of increasing trade. Tr.Avis county, 7e\A Situate centrally, and contains about 1,000 sq. rn. The Rio Colorado pnssi-s centrally tliroiigh il, by which and its affluiints it is drained. To the N. W. is an extt^nsive territory, which is attaolicd to the co. Surface varied ; in the norlhern portions, hills and valleys being inter.«persed, while in the southern 11 extends into broad, level i>hun3. resembling the rich prairip lands of the adjoining territory. Soil fertile, and consists chiefly of a deep black mold, which is generally very productive. Farms 111* ; nianuf. 1 ; dwell. 423, and pop.— wh. 2,33G, Xr. col. 11, 8l. 791— tr)tal 3,13S. Orpital : Austin. Travis, p. o., Austin co., Tex. : in the N. part of the co., SC m. E. by S. Austin City. Tratlorsviu.e, p. o., ITenry co., Virg.: on branch of Dan r., 148 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Treadway, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 53 m. S. S. W. Columbia. Treiblevtux, p. v., Monroe county, Pemi.: 94 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. TKEiruLEFjiviLLE, p. V., Lchlgh CO., P^nn. : 72 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Tremaisville, p. v., Lucas co., Ohio: 99 ra. N. by W. Columbus. TiiEMONT, p. v.. and cap. Tazewell co.. III. : 50 m. N. by E. SpringQeld. It is pleasantly situated on a beautiful elevated prairie, and is a place of considerable trade. It was laid out in lS3o. It contains the court-house and jaii, stores, etc. Teemont, t., p. v., and sta., Schuylkill co., Peiui.: 32 ra- N. E. Ilarrisbur;;. This t. and vicinity abound with coal. The Mine Hill R. R. extends to this place, 12 m. from Schuylkill Ilavt-n. The following statistics of dealers in coal at this place are for the year ending June 30, 1S50 : Coa, Operator,. C..U^ Mo^ An„^,^ ^.,„, Levi S. Spangler.. . $10,uuO $6()7 $21,000 $4-2.000 Henry Eckel 17,000.... I,6l57 80,000 60.000 TttEMONT, p. v. and ata., Clark co., Ohio: on Mad River end Lake Erie R. R.. 127 m. Trom Sandusky, 7 m. from Springfield, 46 m. W. Columbus. Tremont. t and p. o., Hancock county, 3f(\: 72 m. E. Augusta. It comprises the S. W. part of Mount Desert Island. Pop. 1.425. Trenton, p. v., Jackson ctf.. Ala. : on W. side of Point Eock r., a Iril)Utary of Tennessee r.,164 m. N. Motitgomcry. Trenton, p. v., and cap. Dade co., Ga.: on W. side of branch of Tt.nne.'isee r., 192 m. N. W. Millcdgeville, It conlaiiis a court-house, jail, etc., and several dwellings. Trenton, p. v., Henry county, /a. : 40 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Tmiston. p. 0., Wachita parish, La.: 150 ra. N. N. W. Baton Rbuge. Trenton, p. o., Randolph county, Ind. : 60 m. E. N. E. Indianapi'lis. Tkenton, p. v.. Todd county, iTy. ; 167 m. S, W. by "W. Frankfort Trenton, p. v., Wayne co., Midi.: on "W. channel of Detroit strait, 79 ra. S. E. by E. Lansing. Il has consider able lake trade. Exports in 1S43, $25,554; imports, do., $7,325. Total value of exports and imporlf^ in 1S4S, $32,S79. Tr.ENT0N. p. v., and cap. Gnmily co., Jf Hessians of the British army, which signal event, in that gloomy period of the Revolu- tion, greatly encouraged the American forces. Pop. in 1S40, 4,035 : ia 1850, 6,756. TuKNToM, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Ni Car. : on S. sido of Trent r., S2 m. S. E. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, stores^ etc. Pop. about 125. TuEXTON, p. V. and sla., Bullcr co., Ohio. : on W. side of Miami r., 82 m. "W. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati, Tlamilton, raid Dayton K. R. passes through, 33 m. from Cincinnati, 27 ni. from Dayton. Tkentos, t. and p. v., Oneida county, K Y. : 66 m. N. W by "W. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay loam, and fertile. Drained by Nine Mile and West Canada creeks. The town contains several villages, of which the principal aro Trenton and Trenton Falls— the former, near the centre of flie town, 13 m. N. from Utiea, was incorporated in 1S19, and contains about 450 iuhabitants, 2 churches, with taverns, stores, etc. Pop. of t. 3,540. Trknton, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Tenn. : on S. branch of Forked Deer r., 120 m. "W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, stores, etc., and a branch of Uie Bank of Tennessee, with a capital of 1204,208. The "Star Spangled Banner'' (whig) is published weekly. Pop. about 750. Trrnton, t and p. o., Dodge CO., Wise. : 45 m. N. E. by N. Madison. Pop. ^97. Treston Corkers, p. o., Dodge county, TTwc. ; 40 m. N. E. by N. Madison. Trenton Falls, p. v., Oneida county, IT', T. : at Trenton Falls, on West Canada cr., S4 m. N. W. by W. Albany. These falls are six in number and separate. All these are formed by solid reefs of rocks which cross the bed of the stream. The first, called the Dpper, decends 20 feet per- pendicular; the second, the Cascades, IS feet; the third, Uio ^TiIl Dam, 14 feet ; the fourth, the High Falls, which have three separate cascades of 4S,11, and 37 feet; the fifth, Sherman's, 35 feet; the sixth, Conrad's, 15 feet, terminates tlie ravine, where is a mill dam. Besides these falls there are several raceways, from 10 to 20 rods long, through which the water flows very rapidly. The entire descent of the stream, from the top of the LTpper Fall to the foot of Conrad's Fall, is 312 feet, and tlie distance is about 2 m. The ravine through which the creek passes is often 100 feet deep, with banks of stone almost perpendicular. The scenery thus presented is wild, picturesque, and beautiful, and when the water is high, is of much grandeur. The country adjoining is mostly covered with forest trees, thus retaining for the ravine its primeval appearance, which. In fact, constitutes the greatest charm of these falls. The number of visitors is very large. These are accommodated in first-class style by an excellent hotel. Trevilltan'8 Dki*6t. p. 0. and sta., Louisa co., Virg. : 42 m. N. W. Richmond. The Virguiia Central R. K. passes tLrough it, 67 m. from Richmond. Trevorton, p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : 33 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Trexlertown, p. v., Lehigh CO., Peim. : 69 m. E. K. E. Harrisburg. Triauelphta, p. v., Montgomery co., 3fd. : on Patuxent r., 3S ra. W. N. W. Annapolis. It contains a cotton factory, and is surrounded by a beautiful country. Tr.iADELpniA, p. v., Ohio county, Tirff,: 24S m. N. W. Richmond. Pop. 242. TniADELPUiA, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. W. S. W. Columbus. TniANA, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : on N. side of Tennessee r, at the mouth of Indian cr., 156 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Trianole, t. and p. v., Broome county, N. Y. : 116 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Otaetic and Tioughnioga rivers, which hero unite. Surface hilly. It contains several mills, stores, etc. The v. is located on a branch of tho Tioughnioga r. Pop. of L 1, 72S. Tribe's Hill, p. v., Montgomery co., IT. Y.: o\i ^. bank of the Mohawk r., 34 m. N. W. by W. Albany. The Utica and Schenectady R. R. passes through the v., 56 m. E. Utica. Trice'9 Stork, p.o., Orange co., N. Car.: 30 m. N. W. Raleigh. Trier, p. o., Bexar co., Tex. : 134 m. 8. W. Austin City. Trigg county, Kt/. Situated S. toward the W., and con- tains 356 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and its branches, which enter the Cumberland r. Surface undul.iting; soil fertile. Chief productions, tobacco, ■ cotton, wheat, and In- dian com. It is bounded on the W. by Tennessee r. Farms S43 ; manuf. 37 ; dwell. 1,2S1, and pop.— wh. 7,252, fr. col. SO, si, 2,797— total 10,129. Capital : Cadiz. Trimble county, Ki/. Situate N., and contains 127 sq. m. Drained by Little Kentucky and small n'ibut;irie8 of the Ohio. Surface undulating, and presenting high bluffs on the shore of the Ohio ; soil generally fertile Chief produc- tions, tobacco and Indian corn. Farms 46d; manuf. 19; dwell. 865, and pop.— wh. 4,997, fr. col. 25, si. 941— total 5,963. Capital: Bedford. Trlmble, t. and p. o., Athens co., Ohio: 55 m. S. E. Co- lumbus. Drained by Sunday cr., branch of Hockhocking r. Pop. 924. Teinitt county, Ca2i/. Situate between the Cascade Range and the Pacific, and between 40*^ and 41° N- hU. Drained by Trinity r, a branch of Klamath r. and Eel r., which empties into the ocean. Ilumboldt bay is in the N. W. corner of the co. Surface considerably broken— in the E. hilly, and many of the summits of the range are very lofty. Mt Linn is the highest peak. Pop. in 1S52, 1,764: whites 1,764 — males 1,741, and females 23 ; negroes 6 ; mu- latlocsS; Indians (domesticated) 4; foreign residents 155, of which only 5" were females. Over 21 years of age : 1,491 citizens, 5 negroes, 6 mulattoes, S Indians, and 13S foreign residents. Land under cultivation, 275 acres. Capital em- ployed : in placer mining, $34,440 ; in other mining, $23,820 ; and for other purposes, $201,117. Capital ; Humboldt City. Trinity county, Texi. Situate toward the E., and con- tains 9S3 sq. m. Drained by Big Pine cr. and affluents of Trinity r., which forms its S. W. boundary. Surface uudu- lating. and presents a surface of gently-swelling lands, thickly covered with pine forest. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton, corn, and potatoes. As yet, the land has been but little cultivated, and but few of it3 agricultural resources developed. Capital: Trinity C. H. Teinity, p. c, Chatahoula par.. La. : on W. side of Wachita r., SS m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. Trinity, p. o., Morgan county, Ala. : 144 m. N. by W, Montgomery. Trinity river, Tfeji. .■ is formed by a number of streams uniting in Dallas county, in a forest called the Cross Tim- bers; flowsS. E., and empties into Galvest«m Iiay. It has numerous branches, and in its course aflords excellent water-power. Trinity river, Klamath co., Calif. : risea in the Coast Range Mountains, in E, part of the co,, flows S. W. into Trinity, where il receives Panther creek, when it takes a N. W. course and empties in the Klamath river. Gold is found in all parts of its valley. Trinity Springs, p. o., Martin co., Ind. : on E. sido of White r., 78 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Trinity valley, Klamath co., Calif.: 195 m. N. by W. Yallejo. A portion of this valley is set apart as an Indian reservation. Teion, p. o., Jefferson co., Tonn. : ISS m. E. Nashville. Teion, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on a small branch of Black Warrior r., 79 m. N. W. Montgomery. Trion Factory, p. o., Chatooga co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. MUIedgeville. Triplett, p. o., Fleming co., Ky.^- on cr. of same name 7S m. E. by N. FrankiorU TRI TRO Tripoli, p. r., Tiahemingo co., Miss. : 200 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Triune, p. t., WUIiamaon county, Teim. : IS m. S. by W. IfTashville. Tp.ivuli, p. v., Peoria county, fiL : 62 m. N. by W, Springflt-UI. Troublesome, p. o.,'EocIvingham county, N. Car.: on Troublesome cr., S7 m. N. W. Italeigb. It contains iron TCork3. Trodt county. Get. : situate W., and contains 417 sq. m. Drained by Chattahoochee r. and branches, of which Yel- low Jacket cr. is the principal. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and in general very productive. It is well adapted to cotton, of which a large quantity is annually produced, and is Uie staple. "Wheat and Indian corn are also raised. There is some good pine and ftther limber on the land. Farms 7S9; manuf. S; dwell. 1,2115, and pop. — wh. 7,"SD, fr. col. 43, si. 9,04S— total 16.879. Cajntul: La Grange. PuUic Wor/cs: La Grange K. K. Troup Faotoky, p. o., Troup county, '{?«..• 106 m. W. Ifilleilgeville. Troupsduro, t. and p. v., Steuben co., 2^. T. : 199 m. S. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cowenesque cr. Surface undulating. It has good water-power, and some mill sites. The V. is on Cowenesque cr. Pop. of t. 1,754. Tkouptille, p. v., and cap. Li>wn*les co., O'a. : on E. side of Withlaconchee r., 17S m. 3. MilledgeviUe. It contains the cnuniy buildings, etc. Trousdale, p. o., Warren co., Teim.: 56 ra. E. 9. E. Nashville. Trout island, 3fich. : in the !N". part of Lake Jklichigau, N". from Little Beaver Island. Trout Gbeek, p. o., Delaware co., N". Y. : 73 m. W. S. W. Albany. Trout Creek, p. c, Saint Clair CO., Ala.: 9S m. N. Montgomery. Trout river. Verm.: rises by the junction of several branches in Montgomery, flows in a N. W. direction, and tmptivs into the Missisqui, on the border of Enosburg aud Berkshire. It is a good mill stream. Teout Rux, p. o, and sta., Lycoming co., Penn. : on the "Williamsport and ElmiraK. R., 10 m. N. from "Williams- pnrt, and 82 m. N. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a forge aiul a rolling mill, the former producing annually 140 toua bar iron, and the latter 300 Ions bars aud nails, both operated by water-power. Troy, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ala. : on small branch of Conecuh r., 46 ra. S. S. E. Montgomery. It contains the county buildings, etc. Troy, p. o., Cherokee CO., Ga. : oa S. side of Etowah r., 104 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Trov, p. o., Madison co., Jll. : 75 m. S. by W. Springfield. TiioY, p. v.. Perry co., Ind.: on the Ohio r., 6 m. below Cannelton, 103 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Troy, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., 3Ie. : 36 ra. N. E. Ansusta. Draini-ul by branches of Sebasticook r. Surface undidatiiig, end well supplied with timber. It is a good farming t.. aud produces an abundance of wheat, and there are some light manufaclurea. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of 1. 1.4'54. Troy, t. and p. o., Oakland co., Minh. : 72 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by head branches of Red r., a tributary of Clinton r. It contains some manufactures. Troy, p. o.. Yatlabusha co., MU'^. ; 2 m. N. of Yallabusha river, 106 m. N. by E. Jackson. Troy, p. v., Lincoln co., Mo. : oh Cuivre r., 71 ra. E. "S. E. Jefferson City. It contains the county buiMiugs. etc. Teoy, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Tlamp. : 44 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by affluents of Ashuelot r. It has some manufactures, but it is rhieflyan agricultural tow)i. The v. is on the Cheshire R. R., 10 m. S. E. Keene. Pop. oft. 759. Troy, p. city, and cap. Rensselaer co., N'.Y. : on E. side of Hudson r., 6 m. N. by E. Albany. Lat. 42^ 44' N. ; long 78^ 40' "W. It is built chiefly upon an alluvial flat, extend- ing along the r. for about 3 m., and 1 J m. broad, and partly upon the hills In the E. part of Ihe city limits. It is very regularly laid out, with streets crossing at right angles, which are generally 60 feet wide, ornamented with fine shade trees, well paved, with good side walks, and kept remarkably clean. The main business street; called liiver Street, conforming to the Hudson river, is, however, some- what curved. The city plat is somewhat eU-vated above (he river. affor-Iing good drainage. The high hills (of which the principa^ summits are called Mount Ida and Mnunl Olympus) afford most extensive and delightful prospects, embracing the city of Albany, the villages of West Tno'i Lansingburg, "U'alerford, and Cohoes, the Cohois Falls, the Hudson r. and its beautiful valley for miles, a long extent of the Erie Catial, with the various railroads here center- ing, combining *a variety of the mosf interesting scenery, rarely presented in the vicinity of any large city. From these hills descend two considerable streams, Poestenkill and Wynantskill, which have picturesque cataracts and cas- cades, and afford very great water-power to numerous niill^, factories, etc. The blocks of stores and houses are generally built of brick, with considerable regularity and nmeh taste. The more retired sireets contain many elegant dwellings, surrounded by flower gardens, etc. The city is lighted with gas, and supplied with water from Piscawin creek, of which the reservoir, situated in the N. part, and about \ m. E. of the Hudson, is 90 feet above tide water, and llnis naturally forcing the water above the highest houses, renders it most serviceable for every purpose. Of the public buildings the court-house is the most splendid; it is builf uf Sing Sing marble, in Grecian architecture, with flne front of the Doric order. Several of the church edifices are &>slly Htruclures, The principal market buildings are well-built aud very commodious. Hotels of large size are numerous, and sev- eral of those of the first class are noted for excellent aceom- modations. The Troy City Hospital, under the dlrectiou often Sisters of Charity, has four attending pbysiciai^, aud received during the year 1S51-52, 6S9 patients. Mueh atlention is given to general education in the public schools and other academies. The Troy Female Semmary is one of the most popular institutions of the kind in Iho Union. It was established in 1821 (having been com- menced in Middlebury, Vermont, in 1S14, and removed to Waterford in 1S21), at which lime it received from the city corporation $4,000 for the erection of suitable buildings. It is beautifully situated in the central part of the city, wiih finely ornamented grounds, commodious buildings, etc. The Eenssalaer Institute is a polytechnic school of high repute. The Young Men's Association has a large library and reading room, with cabinet of curiosities, etc., and annual courses of lectures. The Lyceum of Natural History have valuable cabinets, a gO'jd library, etc. Newspapers iu 1S50, "Northern Budget" (dem.) daily, aud 4 weeklies, " Troy Whig,*' " Troy Post," '* Family Journal" (temp.), uud "New York Stale Republican" (whig). Troy is pre-eminently distinguished for the business en- terprise of its capitalists and citia-ns generally. Its situfdion for trade and comraLTce has some natural advantages, but these have been wonderfully improved and in'crejised hy the various important railroads and canals which, centering here, have made this a great thoroughfare of travel and trade, and developed the manufacturing interests of the city. It directly connects by the Hudson with the Erie Ca- nal at West Troy directly opposite, and with the Champlain Canal at Waterford, 4 m. above. The hnes of railroad en- tering the city arc — Hudson River R. R. from New York, 150 m. ; from Worcester, 156 m. ; IVom Boston, 200 m. ; Troy and Boston R. R-, which is completed lo North Hoosiek, 27 m., and connects at Eagle Bridge with Rutland and Wash- ington R. R., and at North HiKisick with Troy and Benning- ton R. R., and is in construction to Gree'nfleld, Mas.s. ; lit-ns- selaer and Saratoga R. R., 82 m. ; and Schenectady and Troy R. R., 20 m. ; all of 'which diro.tly connect with othei TRO TRU extendeil and important railroads. The railroad bridge across the Hudson is a fcie structure, 1,650 feet long. Troy is at the head of tide-water on the Hudson, and of its natu- ral navigation. Steamboats, sloops, etc., come to its wharves. The trade of the city with New York is very great, employ- ing an aggregate of several hundred vessels, and daily steamboats of the first class ply between the two cities. Be- sides the immense amounts of merchandise received from the railroads and canals, it also receives from the very fer- tile rural districts surrouuding (with which It is well con- nected by good plank and macadamized roads'), very large amounts of agricultural and dairy produce, etc., for sliipment to New York aijd other markets. By means of the State dam sloop navigation is secured to Lansingburg, etc. The manufactures of the city comprise nearly all the lead- ing branches of such industry, but the largest interests are those connected with iron, machinery, hardware, and cut- lery, etc. Cotton factories, tanneries, and flouring mills are numerous, l^heva are also several breweries and paper fac- tories; and a large amount of capital is invested in numer- ous lumber-yards. The railroad-car manufactory of Eaton, Gilbert, & Co. employs a very large number of operatives, and is of wide celebrity for the number and superior excel- lence of the cars made. The iron rolling mills and nail fac- tories in the city and suburbs are extensive establishments, as also those furnaces engaged in making stoves, castings fur agricultural implements, etc. Immense water-power is here easily obtained from the two large slrcame from the hills on the E., and from a dam near the N. boundary of the city, built by the Slate across the Hudson, which makes a fall of Hi feet, affording unlimited hydraulic power, besides securing navigation to the river above. There are G banks in the city, with an aggregate capital of $1,7GS,000 ; also several insurance companies and institutions for savings. The first settlement of Troy was commenced about 1720, in which year Derick Yanderheyden leased 49(J acres of the prnnrietor of Rensselaerwyck. This grant now constitulea the most densely populated portion of the city. This settle- ment bore the name of Yanderheyden 's Ferry until 17S9, when it received its present name, and was tlien laid out. It was made the county seat in 1791, incorporated as a village in 1796, and as a city in 1S16. In June, 1S20, a great con- flagration consumed the wealthiest and most important pllrt of the city. It recovered from this severe calamity in a few years, has since rapidly advanced in general. prosperity, and now promises to long retain its present distinction as one of the most enterprising cities in the Union. Pop. in ISIO, 3,895; in 1^20, 5,'itJ4; in 1S30, 11,405; in 1&40, 19,334; in 1S50, 2vS7S5. The large and thriving village of West Troy, ' pop. 7,514, on the opposite side of Ihe Hudson, though in Albany co., is in all business interests a part of Troy. Troy, p. o., Montgomery co., ^. Car.: 75 m. ^V. S. W. Ealeigh. Troy, p. v., and cap. Miami co., OMo: on the "W. bank of the Great Miami r., 63 ra. W. Columbus. It contains a court-house of brick, jail, and other county buildings, and publislies 2 weeklies, the "Troy Times" (whig), and "The Touchstone" (F. S. D.) The Dayton and Michigan It. E., the Columbus, Pe^ua, and Indiana E. E., and the Miami Canal pass through this place. Pop. 1,956. Trov, t. and p. o.. Bradford county, Penn. : 102 m. N. Harrishurg. Drained by Sugar cr. Surface hilly. It con- tains several manufactories, etc. Teoy, p. v., and cap. Obion co., Temi. : on a branch, of Obion r., 135 m. W. by N. Nashville. It contains the co. buildings, etc. TnoT, p.'o., Davis co., la. : 68 m. S.W. by S. Iowa City. Trov, t. and p. o., Walworth co,, Wise. : 50 m. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Honey cr. It is an excellent fann- ing town. Pop. 1.U72. TuoY, p. v., Freestone county, Tese. : 119 m. N. E. Austin Oily. Teot, t and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 46 m. N. by E. 860 Montpelier. Drained by Missisqui r. Surface level. Water- power is derived from the falls on Ihe Missisqui river, which pass down a ledge of rocks some 70 feet Iron ore is found in the vicinity. It contains furnaces, forges, tanneries, mills, etc. The v. is on the W. aide of Missisqui r. Pop. oft. 1,008. TnoY CBXTEE,p.o., Walworth oo., Wise : 52 m. E. S. E, Madison. Trot Gkove, p. o.. La Salle county, III. : on W. bank of Little Yermillion r., 116 m. N. by E. Springfield. Troy Lake, p. o., Walworth co., Wise: 55 m. E. 8. E. Madison. Troy Mills, p. o,, Fulton co., lU. : on S. side of W. fork of Spoon r., a tributary of Illinois r., "0 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. Teov's Stork, p. o., Eandolph co., N. Cur. : 62 m. W. Ealeigh. Tbucksvillk, p. 0., Luzerne co., Penn. : 84 m. N. E. by N. Harris burg. TRUiTTSviLLa, p. 0., Grccnup co., K^. : 115 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Teumansburg, p, v., Tompkins co., J^. T. : 162 m. W. Albany. It contains several manufactories, consisting of carriages, lumber, iron, etc. Trfmbaursville, p. v., Bucks Co., Penn. : 89 m. E. Harrisburg. Trumbull county, O?iio. Situate N. E.,and contains 392 sq. m. Drained by Mahoning r., and Slienango, Mill, and Musquito creeks, and head branches of Grand river. Sur- face undulating, and pleasantly diversified. Soil fertile, consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand and clay, and adajjted to grain, which with wheat, oats, and potatoes form the staples. It exports beef, pork, butter, and cheese, access being had to the Eastern markets by means of the Mahoning Canal, a branch of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which passes tlirough the county. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms 2,753; manuf 133; dwell. 5,459, and pop.— wh. 30,455, fr. col. 35— total 811.490. CapiUil: Warren. Public Woi'k-s : Cleveland and Mahoning E. E. ; Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal. Trumbull, t. and p. v., Fairfield county, Conn.: 46 m, S. W. by S. Hartford. Drained by Pequannock r. Surface varied by hills and valleys. Grain and hay is raised. Its manufactures consist of wo61en goods, Unnber, etc. The v. is on the E. side of Pequannoek river, near the Housatonic E. il., which passes throngh the town. Pop. of 1. 1,313.* TuuMDVLL, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co , Ohio : 153 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Organized in 1825. Pop. 805. Trumoum. Corners, p. o., Tompkins co., K. Y. : 144 hl W. by S. Albany. Trumbull Long Hill. p. v., Fairfield co., Cotin. : 49 ra. S. W. by S. Hartford. It is the first laud seen from the ocean in this direction. TRUiNDLF.'s Cross Eoads, p. o., Sevier co., Tenn. : 168 m. E. by S. Nashville. Truko, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 56 m. E. S. E. Boston. It occupies the N. part of Cape Cod, having the Atlantic Ocean on the E. and Cape Cod bay. on tlie W. Pamet r. sets in from the bay 3 m. long and about J of a m. wide. The soil is light and sandy, with a very scanty growth of vegetation. The cod and mackerel fisheries are extensively carried on, fVom which the inhabitants derive their chief subsistence. Salt is extensively manufactured. There is a lighthouse on the Highlands, on the N. E. coast, near Nt>rth Truru village, lat. 42^ 02* 2S" N., and long. 70^ 0-3' 55" W. ; height of lantern from the aea, ISO leeL The village is on the N. side of Pamet r. Pop. of t. 2,051. Truro, p. o., Knox county, III. : 76 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Triss, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ala. : on S. side of head branch of Cahawba r., 83 m. N. by W. Montgomerj*. Tkuxton, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., A' Y.: 118 m. "W. TRU TUO Albany. Drained by the Tioughnioga r. Surface undu- lating. The manufactures consist of woolens, leather, iron, lumber, etc. The v. is on the Tioughnioga r., nnd contains sevural mills, sash factories, a furnace, tannery, etc. Pop. of t. 3,623. • Tbcxton, p. 0.. Bureau co., ///. ; 113 m. N. Springfield. Tkvon, p. o., Paitherford co., N. Car,: on S. side of N. Pacolct r., 19S m. W. S. W. Raleigh. ' Tuckauoe, p. v., Cape May county, y. Jer. : 60 m. S. Trenton. TucKAHOE, p. o., Jefferson county, Tenn, : 193 m, E. Nashville. Tuckahoe, p. V. and sta., Westchester county, 2^. V.: on the Ilarlcm K. R., 20 m. from the City HaU, New York city, and 153 m. S. Albany. TucKALRECHEE CoTE, p. 0., Blouut CO., T&iin. .* on S. Bide of Littler., li'2 m. E. by S. Nashville. TucKASAGA, p. o., Meckleuburg co., A''. Car. : 120 m. "W. S. "W. Raleigh. Tucker's Cabin, p. o., Henry co., 6a, : 66 m. W. N*. W. Milledgeville. TrcKERTON, p. v., and portof entry for Little Egg Harbor district, Burlington co., J}^. Jer. : on the Atlantic Ocean, at the head of Tuckerton Mill cr., which empties into the bay of Little Egg Harbor, 45 ra. S. E. by S. Trenton. It is well laid out, the streets crossing at right angles, and lined with shade trees. Salt is manufactured, and wood and lumber are exported. Flat boats ascend the river from Little Egg Harbor, 6 m. The enrolled and licensed tonnage for the year ending June 3D, 1S50, was 6,1S3 tons, all of which were engaged in the coasting trade. It is a place of summer resort for sea bathing. TiTTONBOEo', t. and p. v., Carroll co., ^. Hamp.: S4 m. N. N. E. Concord. Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the 6. W., and presents a dehghtful prospect It has several ponds. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, etc. First settled in'lTSO; incorporated in 1795. Pop. of 1. 1,305. Tug RI^•ER, p. o., Tazewell county, Yirg.: 245 m. W. Richmond. Tulare county. CaJff. Taken from the S. part of Mari- jiosa county, and contains Tulare lake and all its tributaries. In 1S53 it had S,575 inhabitants, viz., wh. 174 — males 142. and females 32 ; negro 1 ; Indians S,40S — males 5,S00, and females 2,607. The Indians are contained in fourteen tribes. TuLAKE lake, Tulare co., Calif. : is 52 m. long, and from 6 to 10 m. wide. Tulip, p. o., DaUas co., Arb,: 49 m. S. S. "W. Little Rock. TiTLLAHOMA, p. V. and sta., Franklin co., Teyin. : 70 m. 8. E. by S. Nashville. The Nashville and Chattanooga E. R. passes through, and here connects with the Mackmin- ville and Manchester R. R. (in construction). TuLLY, p. v., Lewis co., J/o. .■ ou E. side of Mississippi r., 112 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. TuLLT, p. o., Van Wert co., Ohio : 112 m. N. W. Columbus. TuLLT, t, and p. v., Onondaga co., JV. Y, : 123 m. W. by N.Albany. Surface generally level; soil clay loam. Drained by Onondaga cr., and Tioughnioga r. The v. contains 1 chiu-ch, a few stores, and about 300 inhabitants. The Syra- cuse and Bingbampton R. R. passes through this t. Pop. of 1. 1,559. TuLLTTOWN, p. v., Bucks couuty, Penn.: 94 m. E. Harrisburg. TuLLY Valley, p. o., Onondaga co., K T.: 127 m. W. by N. Albany. Tullyville, p. o,, Monroe co., Ark. : on E. side of Big cr., VI m. E. Little Rock. Tulpehocoan, t. and p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 42 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Surface diversified ; soil very fertile. Drained by tributaries of Tulpehocken cr. The Union Canal passes along its S. border. It contains tanneries, distilleric?, and saw mills, with some other manufacturing establishments. Pop. about l.SOO. Tumble, sta., Hunterdon co., iv; Jer.: on Belvidere Del- aware R. R., Si m. from Milford, 25^ m. from Trenton. Tumbling Shoals, p. o., Laurens dist.. 8. Car.: on W. side of branch of Saluda river, 74 miles N. W. by W. Puileigb. Tumlinsonvtlle, p. 0., Scott CO., Ark. : on W. bank of King's or., 104 m. W. by N. Little Rock. TrNURiDGE. t. and p. v., Orange county, T^rm. .- 23 ra. S. by E. Montpeiier. Drained by the first branch of White r. Surface varied, in parts elevated. It is principally a farming town, a considerable quantity of the products of which are sent to market. The v. on the tirhl branch of White r. contains several churches, mills, aiiii irip-hamnu-r works. There is a sulphur spring of some nute in the W. part of the town. Pop. of 1 1,TS6. Tunica county, MifiS. Situate N. W., and contains 574 sq. ni. Drained by brancbesofColdwater river, which flows through its N. E. portion, and by numerous streams entering the Mississippi river. Surface pleasantly diversified with lakes ; the land hilly t()ward the W., and terminating in high bluffs on the Mississippi river, which bounds iV on the W. Chief productions Indian corn and pntatues. Tlie soil ta best adapted to grazing. Farms 41 ; uiaiiuf. ; dwell. 73, and pop.— wh. 396, fr. col. 1, si. 91T— total 1,314. Capital: Austin. Tlinioa, p. 0., West Feliciana par.. La. : 42 m. N.W. by N. Baton Kouge. TuNKnANNOCE,t.andp. v., and cap. Wyoming co.,i'.?n7i.; on N. E. bank of Susquehanna r., 99 m. N. N. E. Harris- burg. Drained by Tutikbannock and Meshoppen creeks. Surface uneven, and well wooded. Tunkhannock Mountain crosses it diagonally, and near the S. boundary has an ele- vation of 640 feet. The t. furnishes a large amount of lumber, and contains several manufactories. The v. is at the mouth of Tunkhannock cr., on the North Branch Di- vision of the Pennsylvania Canal, and on the LackaiiAnna and Western R. H., 2T ni. S. W. Great Bend. It contains the county buildings, etc., and 561 inhabitants. Pop. of L about 2,400. TiTNNEL, p. o. and sta., Indiana co., Penn. : on the line of the Alleghany Portage R. E., 16S m.W.-N. W. Harrisburg. Tunnel, sta., Tork co., Pmn.: on the Baltunore and Susquehanna R. E.. 32 m. S. by E. ITnrrisburg. Tunnel, p. o., Franklin county, Tiuu.: 71 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Tunnel, p. o., Augusta county, Virg. : 100 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Tunnel Hill, p. v. and sta., Murray co., Ga. : on the Western and Atlantic R. R., lOS m. N. W. from Atlanta, and 165 m. N. W. MilledgeviDe. TtTNNELL'6 Stobe, p. o., Sussex CO., Del. : 43 m. S, Dover. Tcnungwant. sta., Cattaraugus co., K. Y.: on the New Tork and Erie E. R., 53 m. S. E. Dunkirk, 416 m. N. W. New York city. ■ Tuolumne county, a/Z{;: Situate generally between the Stanislaus and Merced rivers, and extending from the Coast Range to the Sierra Nevada. The San Joaquin flows through its W. portion. This is a fine agricultural as well as mining cnunty. In IS.'-S, it had 17,657 inhabitants, viz., wh. 16,925— males 15,967, and females 953; negroes, 100 ; mulalloes, 42 ; domesticated Indians. 590; foreign residents, 3,668. Over 21 years of age — citizens of the United Slates, 6,904; ne- groes, C>5: mulaltoes. 40; and foreign residents, 8,600. Land in cultivation, 1,870 acres. Capital— in quartz mining, 149.901); in placer mining, $76,085; and in other mining, $1,900. Totjd capital employed, $I,2S3,SS5. Capital. Sonora. Tuolumne Cnr, v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : laid out at tha head of navigation on the N. side of Tuolunmc r., 30 m above its junction with the San .Joaquin, and 78 m. S. R from Vallejo. It has quite a number of inhfJbiianfs, and its 861 TUO TUT proximity to the mines will render it importaot aa a pleasant winter residence for miners. Tuolumne river, Tuolumne co., Calif, : rises by two branches In the Sierra Nevada Mountains, flows westwardly, and empties into the San Joaquin, about 30 m. above San Joaquin City, Tltpei:'s Platn8, p. c, Meigs co., Ohio: 74 m. S. E. Columbus. \ TuRBOTviLLE, p. Oi, Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Turin, t. and p. v., Lewis co., K T.: 112 m. N. W. Albany. Black r. bounds it on the E., and its branches drain the t Surface rolling. The v. is on a branch of Black r., and contains several stores, and some manu- factures. The manufactures of the t. consist of leather, flour, lumbL^r, and oil. Pop. of t. 1,826. TunuET. p. o., Monmouth co., iV. Jer. : 1 m. N. Manasquln r., 21 m. E. Trenton. Turkey river, la. .* in N. E. part of the State, flows S. E., and emptit'S into the Mississippi, at Millville, in Clayton co. Turkey Cove, p. o., M'Dowell co., K Car. : 1S7 m. W. Ealeigh. TrRKET CpvE, p. 0., Lee co., Jlrg.: 804 m. W. by S. Eichraond. Turkey Creek, p. o., Buncombe co., 2^. Car. : 303 m. W. Pvaleigh. Turkey Creek, p. o., Hunt county, 7^. .- 219 m. N. E. Austin City. Turkey Creek, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : 67 m. S.W. by TT. Jefferson City. Turkey Foot, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Pervn. : 125 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by Castleman's r. and Lau- reMlill cr. Surface hilly. Laurel Hill Mountain is on the W. and Negm Mountain on the E. boundary. Turkey Foot, p. o., Scott county, Xjj. : IS m. E. by N". Frankfort. Turkey Grote, p. o., Bane co., Wise. TuBEKEY Town, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : On the Ala- bama and Tennessee R. R.. 123 m. N. by E. Montgomery-. TuRMAN's Creek, p. v., Sullivan co., Ind. : on E. side of creek of same name, SO m. S. "W. by W. Indianapolis. TuRMAN's Ferry, p. o., Lawrence co., Xy, : on W. bank of Big Sandy r., 131 m. E. Frankfort. Turnback, p. o., Dade co., J/o. .■ on E. side of branch of Sac r., 124 ra. S. W. Jefferson City. Turnbull, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : on S. side of branch of Flat cr., 69 m. 3. W. Montgomery. TuBKEK, t. and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of Androscoggin r., 25 m. "W. S. W, Augusta. Drained by branch of Androscoggin r. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile. Incorporated in 1786. It contains several lum- ber yards, grist and saw mills, tanneries, ete. There are a number of thriving villages in the town. Pop. of t 2,537. Turner Creek, p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 110 m. N. "W. by N. Harrisburg. Turners, p. v., and sta., Orange co., N'. K : on the New York and Erie E. R., 47 m. N. W. New York city. Ti'rner's Store, p. o., Caroline county, Vii'g. ; 33 m. N. Richmond. Turnerstille, p. v., Eobertson county, Term. : 81 m. N.W. by N. Nashville. TuRNERsviLLE. sta., Mobile co., Ala.: on the Mobile and Ohio R. E.,5 m. N. Mobile and 157 m. S. "SV. Montgomerj'. Turns, p. o., Monroe county, Penn.: 95 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Turtle Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 150 m. "W. Harrisburg. Turtle Town, p. o., Cherokee county, N. Car. : 295 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Ttetleville, p. o., Union co., Penn.: 40 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. TuHCAiioMA, p. 0., TaUahatchee co.. Miss. : on the S, side of Yallabuslia r., 110 m. N. Jackson. Tuscaloosa county, Ala. Situate N. W. cenb-ally. and contains l,5u7 sq. m. Black Warrior r. flows through it from N. E. to S. W., by which and its affluents and by Sipsey r., a tributary of Tombigbee r., it is drained. Surface undu- lating; 9»»il consists of a rich mold, and is very fertile— it is well adapted to cotton, which is the staple production of the county. Farms 1,115; manuf. 32; dwell. 1.914. and pop.— wh. 10,553, fr. cOl. 26, si. 7,477— total 18,056. Capital : Tuscaloosa. Tuscaloosa, p. city, and cap. Tuscaloosa co., Ala.: on S. E. bank of Black Warrior r., 94 m. N. W. by W. Mont- gomery. Lat 320 12' N.. lung. 87° 42' W. It is situated oq an elevated plain at the lower falls, and head of steamboat navigation on the river, and is regularly laid out with broad streets crossing each other at riglit angles. This city wag until 1847 the capital of the State. It contains the for- mer State-house, a court-house, jail, a- Masonic hall, an aca24. Two Taverns, p. o., Adams county, Penn. : 36 m. S. "W. Harrisburg, Tye Kiveb WAREnousE, p. 0., Nelson co., Virg. : on "W. eide of James river, at junction with Tye river, 69 m. W. Richmond. TvGERT-s Creek, p. o., Greenup co., Ky. : y W. Columbus. Drained by Sandusky and Tjrnoeh- tee rivers. The Mud PLiver and Lake Krie K. li. touebes the N. W. corner of the t Pop. oft. 1.817. Tyngsboro', t., p. v., and sta., Middlefj^-x county, -ifass. : on both sides of Merrimac r., 29 m. N. \\. hy N. B'jston. The Nashua and Lowell S. £. passes throuali the v. on the W. bank of the Merrimac r., 32 ra. from Button. Tlu* v. occupies a pleasant site, and contains a ciuirih and acade- my, with several neat dwellings. Pop. of l. 799. Tyre, t. and p. o., Seneca, co., K 1'. : 150 m. "W. by N. Albany. Surface level; aoU sandy and calcareous loam." Drained by Clyde r., flowing iuto Seneca r. The Krie Canal passes througti its N. part. Tbe inhaljitants are generally engaged in farming. Pop. 1,356. TvEEE Spklngs, p. o., Sumucf CO., T'-nn. ; 21 m. N. by K Nashville. Tyrell, p. 0., Venango co., Penn. : 103 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Tyringua-v (Shaker settlement), t. anil p. v., Berkshire county, Mass. : 112 m. W. Boston. Watered by branches of Uousatonic r., one of which flows from a pond tn its S. E. part* The t. is twice crossed by two beavy ranges of hills. The V. at the centre is neatly built. In its S. W. part is Shaker village. The t. also contains 3 churches, and several grist and saw mills. Pop. S21. Tyro, p. v., Crawford county, Ohio: 66 m. N. by E. Columbus. Tyron-e, t. and p. o., Livingston county, Mick. : 40 m. E. Lansing. Drained by Ore cr., a brant-h of Slnawassce r The inhabilanls are generally engaged in farming, etci Pop. in 1^0, 394; in 1^0, S67. Tyrone, 4). v., Blair county, Peiw. : 76 m. Tf. N. W Harrisburg. Situated on N. E. part of the county, and on Pennsylvania R. R., IIS m. W. Harrisburg. Tyrone, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Tyrone, t and p. v., Steuben co., jV. 11 ; 172 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay and calcareous loam. Drained by Mud cr., which flows through two large pouds on its W. border. The v, contains 2 churches, stores, etc. The t. also contains several tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc. Pop. of v. about 250; of the t. l,sl)4, Tyrone Milvs, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 140 m. W Harrisburg, TvERELL CQunty, If. Car, Silimte E., and contains 727 sq. m. Drained by Alligator r. auil its branches; which waters arc discharged into Albemarle sound. Surface low and generally even, in many parts it is liablo to submersion, and is too wet for cultivation; s^til where fit for tillage ia fertile, and produces rice, cotton, grain, etc., which form the staple articles of commerce. On the K. in tlie Atlantic, are islands belonging to the couniy. «if whtcli the prrncipal id Roanoke. Farms 210; manuf. 41; dwell. 635, and pop.— wh. 3,301, fr. col. 180, si. l,7i'2— lotal 5,133, CapiUd: Columbia. Tyson Fitbnace, p. o.,'Wind5')rco., I'tr/zi. ; 55m. S. by E. Montpelier. U rcnEE, p. v., Russell CO., AUi. : 59 m. E. Montgomery. UcuEE Anna, p. v., and cap. Wall<»n eo., Flor.: on W, side of a branch of Ch.ictawhaichie river, 115 m. W. by N. Tallahassee. It contains a couri-hous.-, about 60 dwellings, and is surrounded by a \ery productive region. UniNA, p. v., Kane co., HI.: ir>;; m. X. X. E. Springfield, 863 UFF UNI Uffington, p. v., Monongalia co., Yirg. : 207 m. N. W. Bichmond. FiiLEusviLLE. p. v., Northampton county, Penn,: 86 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. UnRiGK8viLi.E, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 95 ra. E. N. E. Columbus. The Steubenville aud Indiana K. R. passes through this place. Pop. 577. UiNTAii river, Utah 7'er. : a tributary of the PJo Colorado, which it joins a litlle above 40° N. lal., in Utah county. The ralley of this r. is one of the few fertile places in this part (>r the territory. Uintah Fobt, Great Salt Lake co., Utah Ter. : a trading post on a branch of Umtah r., IW m. N. E. Fillmore Ci(y. Ulao, p. 0., Washington county, Wise. : G7 m. E. N. E. Madison, Ulait's valley, Solano co., Calif: lies N. E. of the Sulsim Xalley, is 5 m. l<->ng, and 1| m. wide. It runs N. W. between two ranges of hills, and opens out into the Sacramento Val- ley. It is a great thoroughfare, aad the admiration of all travelers. Ulster county, K, Y. Situate toward the 8. E., and con- tains 1,076 sq. m. Drained by 'Walkill, Esopus, Eondonl, and Shawaogunk creeks, which in their courses supply good water-power. Surface in general mountainous, the Shaw- aogunk traversing it for a distance of 30 miles in a N. E. direction, and the Elue mountains spreading over its \Y. section, between these is a broad fertile valley ; soil various, on the hills being adajited to grazing, and in the valleys very fertile. Chief products, wheat aud Indian corn. This CO. contains many minerals, and some sulphur springs, also large quarries of marbie and limestone. It has some im- portant manufactures, and exi)orts large quantities of coal, brought here by the canal, and lumber. Farms 3,530 ; mannf. 441 ; dwell. 9.735, and pop.— wh. 57,S03, fr. col. 1,5S1— total 59,3S4. Capital: Kingston. Puhlic }Vork^ : Delaware and Hudson Canal ; Albany and Hoboken R. R. Ulster, t, and p. o., Bradford county, Penii. : 107 m. N. ITarrisburg. Drains into the Susquehanna r., which makes its E. border. Surface diversified ; soil in the vallty exceed- ingly rich. Tliere are several saw and flour mills in the L, and several stores. Ulstekville, p. v., Ulster county, K. T, : 76 m. S. S. "W. Albany. Ultima Thttle, p. o., Sevier co., Arl\ : on Rock or., a branch of Little r., 131 m. "W. S. W. Little Rock. Ulysses, t, Tompkins co., N. Y. : on the W. side of Cayuga lake, S m. N. W. Ithaca, and 152 m. "W. from Albany. Drained by small streams running into Cuyus:a lake, toward which its surface declines. It contains several manufactories. Pop. 3,122. Ulvbser, t. and p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 121 m. K by W.* Harrisburg. Drained by head waters of Pine cr. of Sus- quehanna r., and of the Genesee r. flowing in different directions. Surface elevated; soil fertile. Pop. 542. Umbagog lake, N. Ilamp. and Me. : a large body of water located mostly in Maine, extending about 300 yards in width along the E. of the townships of Errol and Cambridge in N. H. It is about 15 m. long, and in some parts 10 m. wide, and is little inferior to the "Winnepisiogee in extent and beauty. Its form is long and irregidar, increasing in width from S. to N. Its outlet is on the N. W. side of Errol, and flows into the Androscoggin river. Umcolcus, p. o., Aroostook county, Me. : 172 m. N. E. Augusta. U-MPQiTA City. p. v., and port, Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at the mouth of Umpqua r., 92 m. S. S. W. Salem. It lies on a neck between the river and Paciflc Ocean ; has a good Iwirbor. aud promises to become a flourishing place. Fmi'qta river, Oreg. Ter. : a considerable stream falling iiiio the Paciflc Ocean, about 40 m. to the N. of Cape Arago It risffl by several branches from the coast range of raoun- W.UK and some of the heads are separated from tributaries of Uogne r. by a well-defined watershed. Gold has been b64 found in the greater part of its length, and already several settleraenls are found on its banks. Umpqua Ciiy at ita mouth, Providence and Gardiner on opposite sides of the r. 6 m. up, Middleton on its S. bank 13 m. up, Scottsburg Myrtle City, and Gagniersville on the N. bank 22 to 25 m up, and Elkton at the confluence of Elk r. are the principal and there are others on Elk r., and on the N. and S. Umpqua rivers, which latter are th^hief constituents of the Umjiqua. Unabilla, t. and p. v., Livingston county, Mich. : 31 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Portage r., a branch of Huron river. Soil very fertile, and one of the bist towns in the county. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming Pop. in 1S40, 643; In 1S50, l.ii27. Unadilla, t. and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : 30 m. S. "W of the village of Cooperslown, S4 m. W. by S. Albany Drained by UnatMlla aud Susquehanna rivers. Surface hilly and somewhat broken, but has rich alluvial flats. It contains some manufactures of woolens, leather, tobacco, etc., and has considerable trade in lumber. The v. on N. side of Susquehanna r. contains several mills, some manu- facturing establishments, a bank, cap. $1'jO,OoO, and about 600 inhabitants. Two covered bridges, each 250 feet long, resting on 3 arches, here span the river. Pop. of t. 2,403 Unadilla river, N. Y. : rises in Bridgew-ater, Oneida co^ flows in a southerly direction, dividing- the counties of Madison, Otsego, and Chenango, and falls into the Susque- hanna, in the N. E. corner of Brainbridge. It is about 5 m. iu length, and aflbrds immense hydrauHc power. On ita banks are situated several manufacturing villages. Unadilla Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. Unadilla Forks, p. v., Otsego co.,J\'! Y.: at the junction of the E. and W. branches of the Unadilla r, 89 m. W. by S, Albany. It contains several manufactories, and about 300 inhabitants. UwcASvrLLE (Mohegan), p. v., New London co., Conn. : on the Reser^'ation of the Mohegan Indians, 36 m. S. E, Hartford. It contains a chapel, school-house, etc.. erected at the expense of the general government. The New Lon- don, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passes it,'9 m. from New London. In the vicinity is a large factory, making drillings, running 80 looms, 2,400 spindles, and employing about 100 operatives. Undkkuill, t. and p. v., Chittenden co.. Fe/vn. ; 23 m. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Brown r., a tributary of Lamoille r., which affords water-power lo'several saw-mills. Surface uneven, with an inferior eoiL The v. is on a branch of Brown r. Pop. of t, 1,599. Undei'.hill Cestbe, p. v., Chittenden eo., Tertn. : 25 nt N. W. Montpelier. Undrkwood, p. o., Hopkins co., Xy. ; 161 m. E. by S. Frankfort. Underwood's, p. o., Marlon co., Ohio: 47 m. N. byTV". Columbus. Unika mountains, a name given to that portion of the Alleghany range that separates Tennessee from North Carolina, and which lies S. W. of Tennessee river. Union county. Ark. Situate S., and contains 1.230 sq. m. Drained by Wachita river and its affluents. Surface level ; soil fertile. Cotton is the chief production. Farms 679 manuf. 0; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,526, fr. col. 5, sla. 4,767— total 10,298. Capital: EI Dorado. Union county, Ga. Situate N., and contains 706 sq. m Drained by head branches of Hiawassee river, and other small streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. In the S. and E. it is bounded by a mountainous range. Farms 911 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,141, and pop.— wh. . : 31 m. S. S. E. Harrisburg. Union, p. v., and sla.. M'Henry co., ///..- on the Galena and Chicago Union K. K., 62 m. N. W. Chicago, and 175 nv N. K. Springfield. Union, p. o., Pike county, Ind.: UQ m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. Union, v. and stn., Randolph no.. Ind. .■ on the State line, S4 m. E. N. E. Indianai.olis. This is the point of union of the Indianapolis and Bellelontnine E. E.. and the Ohio lines to Cleveland,, Pittsburg and Cincinnati, viz., the Bellefon- taine and Indiana R. E., the Columbus, Piqua and Indiana R. K., and the Greenville and Miami E. R. respectively, which, with their eastern connections, extend to the above- named places, and thence connect with roatis to the Atlantic, etc. It is one of the most important points of junction in the west, and must soon become a thriving commercial centre. Union, p. v., Boono co., JT/j. : 51 m N. by E. Frankfort Union, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., J/*'. ; 27 m. E. 3. E, Augusta. Drained by St. George and Mnscungus rivers. Surface gently uneven. Incorporated in 17S6. The t. con- tains a consi'IeraMe number of saw, grist, and fulling mill3. The v. is on St. George r. Pop. of t. 1,974. Un ion, p. o., Cass co., Mich. : on the W. of a tributary of St. Joseph's r., 83 m. S. W. Lansing. Union, p. v., Newton county, Miss, : 69 ra. E. by N, Jackson. Union, t., Branch co., Mich. : 52 m. S. W. by ^. Lansing. St. Joseph's r. crosses its N. W. corner, and receives at Union City the stream draining the t. The inh;tbilants aro generally engaged in farming. Pop. in 1340, 5o7 ; in 1850 1,271. TTnion. p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : a little N. of Bourbeuse cr., 64 m. E. Jefferson City. Union, p. o., Carroll county, jV. Ilamp. : 40 m. N. by E. Concord. Union, p. v., Van Euron co., /'/. ; 73 m. S. S. "W. Iowa City. Union, t. and p. v., Essex county, K. Jer. : 42 m. N. E. Trenton. Drained by Elizabeth and Eahway rivers. Sur- face uneven, with a fertile and well-cultivated soil. Pop. of t. 1,662. Union, t., p. v., and sta., Broome co,, N. Y. : on the N. side of the Susquehanna r.. 128 m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Nanlicoke r., a tributaiy of the Susquehanna. Surface undulating, and in parts hilly; soil fertile. The v. is located IJ rn. N. of the Susquehanna r., at Ihe base of a round hill, which has excellent pasture to the top, facing the v.. while OH the opposite side it is covered with pine and hemlock. From its summit there are excellent views of the river and valley. It is a thriving place, and contains about 1.000 inhabitants. The sla. is ^ m. distant fn-m the v., on the New York and Erie E. E,, which passes along the Sus- qui'himna 233 m. from New York city, antl 237 m. from Dunkirk. The t. contains about 80 saw mills, with tan- neries and grist mills. Pop. of 1 2.143. liNioN, t. and sta., Licking county, Ohio: on the Central Ohio R. R.. 26 m. E. by N. from Columbus. The Ohio Canal passes on its S. E. border. It contains the p. v. of Hebron (pop. 649), and Lura. pop. 83. Pop. of t. 3,.%3. Union, p. v., Montgomery co, Ohio: on the W. side of Greenville creek, 73 m. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. aboulSOO. T'NioN, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., I'ir//. : 171 m. W. Richmond. It contains a ci>iirt-liou8e, jail, and an academy, several stores and tanneries. The " Union Republican" ia issued weekly. Pop. 253. Union, I. and p. o., Eock co., Wise: 20 m. 8. MadisoB. Drained by branch of Sugar r.,and is a good farming town. Pop. 1,050. Union, v., Trinity co., Calif.: at the head of Humboldt Harbor, 212 m. N. W. Yallejo. 803 tJNI Union, p. v., Santa Clara counly, Culif. : 78 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. Union river and bay, Hanooek co„ Me.: has its source a few miles S. of Passadumkeag r., llnws S., and empties into Union river l)ay, between Trenton and Surry, lis length is over 40 m. It receives several tributaries and af- fords valuable water-power. Union Bridge, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : on Little Pipe creek, 10 m. N. from Westminster, and 53 m. N. W. Annapolis. Union Buidge, v. and sta., Belknap co., K ITnmp.: on the W. b.ifder of Little Bay, and on the Boston, Concord, and Monlreal P.. E., 22 m. from Concord. Union Bk.dge, p. o., Titus co., Tex. : 206 m. N. E. Austin City. Union Centre, p. v., Broome CO., N. T. : 125 m. W. S. W. Albany. Union CttURcn. p. o., Jefferson co., 3fim. : near a branch of Homochitc. r., 5S m. S. W. by S. .Jackson. Union City, p. v.. Branch co., Mic/i. : on S. side of St. Joseph's r., at the junction of Coldwater r., 54 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Its location is at the head of navigation, ami it possesses a considerable amount of water-power. Union Cobnee, sta.. Queens co., K. 1.': on the Long Is- land R. E., S m. E. New York. Here is one of the most noted race courses in tlie Union. Union Cobneks, p. o., Livingston co., 2^. Y. : 214 m. W. Albany. Union Corners, p. v.. Tan Buren co., In. : on South branch of Eox r., 75 m. 8. S. W. Iowa City. Union District, p. o., Washtenaw Co., Midi. : 46 m. S. E. Lansing. Union Falls, p. v., Clinton co., 2f. T. : W. side of Sar- anac r., which alfurds great water-power, 13.3 ni. N. Albany. Union Furnace, p. o., Uuntingdon co., Penn.: 54 m. W. Harrisburg. Union Grove, p. v., Whitesidcs co., in. : on the W. side of Little Eock r., 14-3 m. N. by W. gpringfleld. Union Gbote, p. o., Kacine co., IRic. ; 70 m. E. S. E. Madison. Union Grove, p. v.. Prince George Co., Virg. : near the head waters c.f Blackwater r., 33 m. S. by E. Eichinond. Union Haix, p. o., Franklin co., Viig. : 135 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. In the vicinity, on Pig r., are several mills. Unio.v Level, p. o., Mecklenburg county, Virg. : 88 m. S, W. Eichmond. Union Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co., Md.: on Great Gvinpow.ter Falls, 81 m. N. of Baltimore cily, and 61 m. N. by W. Annapolis. Union Mills, p. o.. La Porte Co., Ind. : on W. side of branch of Kankakee r.. 159 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Union Mili^, p. o., Carroll county, Md.: on side of Big ripe cr., 52 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Union Mills, p. o.. Fnlton co., 2f. Y. : 38 m. N. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills. Union Mills, p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of N. Bkunk r., 63 m. W. by S. Iowa- City. Union Mills, p. v., Erie co., Penn. ; on a branch of French cr., 191 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Union Mills, p. v., Fluvanna co., rirff. : on Eivanna r, 66 m. N. W. F.ichmond. It contains several mills and a large cotton factory. Union Plain, p. o.. Brown CO., OJuo: 89 m. S. E. by S. Columbus. Union Point, p. o. and sta., Greene co., Ga. : on the Georgia E. E., at the junction of the Athens Uronch E. K., 40 m. from Alliens, 76 m. from Augusta, and 42 m. N. by E. llilledgeville. Union Point, p. o., Concordia par.. La. : 78 m. N. by W. l^ton Rouge. Union Point, p. o.. Union Co., lU. : on E. side of Missis- sippi r., 3 m. below the mouth of Big Muddy r., 162 m. S. Bpringfield. 866 vm Cnion Settlement, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 142 m. W. N. W. Albany. Union Society, p. o., Greene co., 2^. Y.: 33 m. S. "W. Albany. U.MON Springs, p. o., Macon county, jtln.: on a fork of Oupia llalchie cr., 41 m. E. by S. Monlgomery. Popula- tion about 160. Union Springs, p. o., Harrison CO., Tex.: 19 m. S. W Austin City. Union Springs, p. v. and sta., Ca)^lga CO., N. Y. : on E. side of Cayuga lake, 168 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga and Susquehanna E. P^ passes Ihrough this place, 64 m. N. W. from Owego, and connects at C:iyuga, 4 m., with the Eoplie.s- ter and Syracuse E. E. It has several mills, 1 iron foundry, and 1 woolen factory. There are two springs here whici discharge sufficient water to supply the mills wilh power, there is also a mineral spring h.-re <»f some celebrity. U has a steamboat landing, ami a steam ferry coniiecis the v. with Canoga, in Seneca county. The " ("ayuga Telegraph" (neut.) is here published. Pop. about 6110. Union Square, p. o., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 144 m. W. N.W. Alhany. Union Square, p. v., Montgomery co., PeJin. : 83 m. K Harrisburg. Uniontown, p. v.. Perry Co., Afa.: at the head-waters of Chilalohee creek, 77 miles W. Monlgomery. Population about 50 I. Uniontown, p. v., Knox county, JU. : 71 m. N. by W. Springfield. Uniontown, p. v., Union county. A';/. .' 167 m. W. by 8. Frankfort. Uniontown, p. v.. Wells co,, Iiid. : on 8, side of branch of.Little r., 117 m. N. E. by N. Imlianapolis. Uniontown. p, v., Carroll Co., Md.: 51 m. N. W. by N. Annapolis. Pop. 889. Uniontown. sU., Middlesex co., Jf. Jer.: on New Tork and Philadelphia R. E., 34 m. N. E. Trenton. Uniontown, p. o., Indian Territory. Uniontown, p. v., Belmont co., Oliio : 111 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop, 194, Uniontown, p. b.. and cap. Fayette CO., Penn. : on Red- stone cr., 153 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. In this neighbor- ho. 105 in. N. E. t olnmbus. Ii eonUiins two churches, severai stores, otc In the virinity are extensive irori-worl;s. lTxK)xvaLE, p. v., ChesU-r co., Penii, .• CG m. E. S. E. of Ilarrisluirff. UNmxvir.r.E, p. v.. sta.. and rap. Union di'^L, S. Cat''d. The t. cunlain;; fuirmir. grist, and saw mills, and tanneries. Po/i. oft. 1,5.".7, Unitv. p. v.. Montgomery co.. Jfl.: to thi^ W. of Pntux- cnt r., 36 in. W. N. W. Annapolis. Unity, t. and p. v.. Sullivan co.. X. Uinnp. : nc m. W. Concord. Drained by Sugar r., and other small branches of Connecticut r. Perry's Mount.oi'n. in the S. W. pari, is partly in this town. The inhabiwnts are generally engageil in farming. Pop. oft. 961. Unity, l. and p. v., Co!"i"hiana county, Ohio: 149 in. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Little Beaver river. The v. of Unify is situate about a mile N. of Ihc Ohio and Penns/fvaniaE. R., which passes through the t. in an E. and W. direction. Pop. of i. 2,095. I'nity. p. v., Muhlenburg co., lOj. : 1+1 m. S. W. by "W. Frankfort. I'nitv, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 19S m. W. N. "U'. Harrisbnrg. Unity, t., Weslmoreland co., Penn. : 130 m. W. Ilarri';- burg. Drained by Crabtree and Big Sewickly creeks, and Nine Mile run. affording extensive hydraulic powtr. im- proved by various tanneries, distilleries, flouring and saw mills. Pop. abiHit 3,11)0. University of Vikuinia. p. o., Albemarle co., Xlrg. : nt the Univt-rsity, 1 m. W. Charlottsville, and 9S m. from Rirh- mond by the Virginia Cenn-al R. R. Lat. Z9,o 02' OS" N.. and long. 73° 31' 29" W. The University was fmnd'-d in 1819. and in 1850 had 10 professors, and 3S3 student-^, 3.5n0 alumni, and a library of 1(1,000 volumes. In the law dipurl- menl there were 70 students, and in the mediejil dep.irlinent 95 students. This Is one of the most flourishing inslilulions of the kind in the Tinited States. Ufatoie, p. v., Muscogee co., Ga. : on W. side of branch Sparlan- 3tin . of W. miles N. "W. Richmr»nd. 19 ui. N. by W. ■ 125 m. W. S. W. ■ 144 m. E. by S. ■ 1 m. W. of Cash TJPP of Upoioy er, 98 m. W. S. "W. Mille.lgeville. The Muscogee R. It. passes through this place. TTiM>EOKAFi--s, p. o., Jefferson c., Ohio : 111 m. E. by N. Columbus. T'piiM-iM-R, p. v.. Macon co., Aht.: nn TTphaupee cr., 31 m. E. by N. Montgomery. Uppkr Alton, p. v., Madison co,. TU. : on elevated ground. 2J m. E. of Mississippi r.. and E. of Alton. 69 m. S. by W. of Springfield. It contains several mills and stores, and about 2,000 irdiabitants. In ISIG the v. was laid out, and f..r the past 2o VL-ars it has sraduatly incn-ased in growth. It contains SIiurilefT Cnlleg*-. f.amd.-d in 183,5, having (in IRoO) a president, 6 pn.fessors, and 45 .«tudent3, with a library containing 1,600 volumes. Upper Ay whiiib goiid wati*r-po\ver is sujiptied. Surface hilly; soil ft-rlile, consisting of lilack mold. It has several stores, and a number of mills and factories. Pop. 1 5.50. Ui'PER Embabiiar. p. o.. Coles co.. III. : about 2 m W. of heait bran<^h of Embarras r.. 79 m. E. Springfield. Upper Falls, p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 53 m. 3. by E. Mopfpelier. TTppER Fp.F.EnoLD, I., Monmouth county, A'', ./cr. ; 12 m. E. by S. Trenton. It has Assunpink cr. on ilie N. E., and Cros-;wiek's cr. on the S. border. Drained by tributaries of Assunpink and Crosswick's creeks. Surface even, with forests of pine in the S. E. part. It has good water-power, and se\.,Tal manufactories and mills. Pop. 2.556. rppEi: Gilmanton, p. v.. Belknap co.. N. Ilamp. : on the N. of Winnipisseogee r., 17 m. N. by E. Concord. UrpER CrLorCESTEP., p. v., Cumberlitnd county, Me.: OQ Royals r., 35 m. S. W. Augusta. TTpi'Eii Hanover, t., Mt>ntgomery county, Penn.: 81 ra. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Perkiom<'n cr. and ite branch's. Surface hilly, and in parts rough and broken. Soil red shale. I( contains sevt-ral .stores and a number of mills, and has about 1,570 inhabitants. The \ ilLit**-, called New Gosheiihoppen, is situate in the forks of Pi-rki-jmen creek. Upi'EB IIl-nting creek, p. o,, Caroline co., Md. : on a cr. so culled, above its confluence with Choptank r., 33 oi. S. E. Annapolis. Upper Iowa river, Ja. : rises in S. part of Minnesota Ter., flows S. E. into Wirmisheik co., and theu N. E., emptyiug into the Mississippi r. near the N. boundary of the State. Upper -Uy. p. o.. Esse.x Co., N. 11 ; 120 rn. N. Albany. UppRit Lisle, p. o., Broome co., K. Y. : 122 m. W. by 3. Albany. T'ppER Macitngy, t, Lehigh co., Penn.: 74 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained chiefiy by Ltdiigh cr. It contains sevL-ral stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. Pop. altout 1,900. Upper Maiiantanoo, t. and p. o.. Schuylkill co.. Penn. .* 37 m. X. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by two branches of Mahantango cr. Surface divrsified, with collection of low hills: soil red shale and while gravel, in gen«-ral barren. It c-iulains several stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. Upi'tE Marietta, p. v., Lancaster co., Pttin. : on the J& &£7 UPP VIA. bank of Susquehanna r. ami on llie line of the Columbia Branch K. R., 5 m. above Columbia. Upper Marlboro', p. v., and cap. Prince George co, Mel. : on the S. side of Ihe W. branch of Talapsco r., 4 m. above ito moulh, 17 m. S. W. Annapolis and 13 m. E. by S. Washington, D. C. It contains Ihe county buildings, etc., and is a well-built village. The '■ Marlboro' Gazette" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. about 800. UPPF.B MiDDLETowN, p. V., Muldlescx CO., OoJMi. : onW. side of Connecticut r., 15 m. S. Ilartlbrd. The name of this place has lately been changed to Cromwell. It contains 2 churches, academy, a few stores, etc. itpPER MiDDLEToWN, p. V., Fayette CO., Penn. : on bend of Bedstone cr., 6 m. N. Union, 155 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. Upper MotraT Bethel, t., Northampton co., Pt^nn. : on the W. side of Delaware r., 99 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Sur- face mountainous. It contains several manufactories. Upper Peacu Tree, p. v., Wilcox Co., Ala. : on the W. side of the Alabama r., 76 m. 3. W. by W. Monlgomery. Upper Ked Hook, p. v., Duchess CO., iVl Y.: S m. E. from Hudson r, 42i m. S. Albany. Upper St. Clair, t. and p. o^ Alleghany county, Penn, : 173 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Charlicr's cr. Surface hilly ; soil black loam, and very fertile. It contains a num- ber of stores and several mills and factories, and has a pop. of about 2,700. Upper SANDtieKT, p. v., and cap. 'Wyandolt CO., 07tio : on W. side of Sandusky r., 60 m. N. by W. Columbus. It (contains the usual county buildings and is well built. Popu- lation 7S3. Upper Stillwater, p. v. and sta.. Penobscot Co., Me, : on the W. side of the Penobscot r., oj)po3ite Marsh's Island, C9 in. N. E. Augusta. The Bangor and Piscataquis E. E. passes through this place, 9 m. from Bangor. Oreat water- power is here afforded by the falls in the Penobscot river. Upper Steasbcrg, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a fork of Ileyren's branch of Conedogwinit cr., 10 m. N. W. Chainbersburg, 47 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Upper Tract, p. v., Pendlelon CO., Vii'ff. : on the W. side of S. branch of the Potomac r., 119 m. N. W. by W. Kichmond. Upper Trappe, p. v., Somerset CO., Md. ; on the N. side of Wicomico cr., 65 ra. S. E. Annapolis. Upper Ttgap.t, p. o., Carter co., A'y, : on Buffalo fork of Tygart cr., 102 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Uppef.ville, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 103 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains an academy, church, and several Btores, and about 350 inhabitants. Upper TAPJiouTn, p. v., Cumberland co., Me, : 41 m. 8. W. by S. Augusta. Upsuub county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1,058 sq. m. Drained by Little Cypress r. and its branches, and affluents of Sabine and Big Cypress rivers. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth of cotton and corn. Grapes grow wild, and might with a little care be rendered a valuable article in the manufactur- ing of wines. It is thickly wooded, and is inlers])ersed ■with numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 240 ; manuf. ; dwell. 4S4, and pop.— wh. 2,712, fr. col. 0, Bl. CS2— total 8,394. Cupital: Gilmer. UpsnL'R, p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 95 m. W. by S. Colum- bufl. It was formerly called New Hope. Upson county, Ga. Situate W. centrally, and contains 208 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r., which forma the S. W. and W. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and is adapted t'> cotton, which is produced in abundance, and also to wheat and Indian corn, good crops of which are raised. A portion of the land is covered with pine. Some minerals are found. Farms 486; manuf. 19; dwell. 795, and pop.— wh. 4.720, fr. col. 0, el. 4,704— total 9,424. Caj}ital: Thomaston. Upbonville, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 127 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Uptok, t and p. v., Worcester co.. Mum. : 31 m. W. 8. W. Boston. A tributary of Blackstone r. has its source in this town, and furnishes water-power. Surface rough and hilly. It has several manufactories, among which are wool and leather. The T. is on West r. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,466; in 1S50, 2,023. Upton, p. v., Dodge co., Wise. ; on W. of the W. branch of llock r., 51 m. E. N. E. Madison. Upton, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a branch of Ihe Potomac r., 59 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Urbana, p. v., and cap. Champaign CO., 7//.: on S. side of Salt fork of Vermillion r., 76 m. E. N. E. SpringOcld. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 400 iuhabitants. The Chicago Branch of the Illinois Central E. F^ intersect* this place. Urbana, p. v., Frederick Co., Md.: on the E. side of Monocacy r., on the high ground between Back and Ben- nett's creeks, S4i m. W. N. W. Annapolis. URBinA, p. v., Hickory co.. Mo. : on the E. boundary of llie county, 72 m. S. W. JcCfcrson City. Uebana, t. and p. v., Steuben county, JK Y. : 193 m. W. Albany. A portion of Crooked lake is in the t. Drained by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface hilly ; soil various. The v. is located at the S. end of the lake, at which point there is a landing. The t. contains numerous mills. Pop. of t. 2,079. Urbana, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Champaign co., Ohio : 83 m. W. Columbus. The v. contains the county buildings, an academy, and several churches. Tlie Columbus, Piqua, and Indiana P.. E. and the Mad Kivcr and Lake Erie E. E. pass through the v., affording great facilities for trade. Two newspapers we issued weekly, " U. Expositor" (dcm.), and " U. Citizen and Gazette" (whig). Pop. of v. in 1840, 1,070 ; in 1850, 2,030. lop. of t (including v.) in 1S40, 1,8SG; in 1S50, 3,414. Urbane, p. v., Jackson CO., JU. : 155 m. 9. by E. Spring- Held. The Illinois Central K. E. passes 2} m. E. of this pl.ice. Ubbanna, p. v., and cap. Middlesex CO., Virg. : on 8. W. side of Kappahannock r., near the mouth of Urbanna cr., 4G m. E. by H. Eichmond. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 200 inhivbitants. Considerable pine timber is exported. Steamboats plying between Bal- timore and Fredericksburg make this one of the slopping places. Urieville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : on the E. side of Mor- gan's cr. of Chester r., 27 m. N. E. Annapolis. Uksa, P.O., Adams co., lU. : 3 m. E. of the Mississippi r., 91 m. W. by N. Springfield. Ursine, p. o., Grant co., TTisc. ; C9 m. W. by S. Madison. UsQUEPAUGU, p. v., Washington county, P. I.; IS im W. Newport. \ THE TEREITOEY OF UTAH. I Utah, originally a portion of California Alta, lies between latitudes 87° and 42°, and longitudes 106° and 120° west from Greenwich, or about 29° and 4.3° west from Washington. It is bounded north by Oregon, east by Nebraska and New Mexico, south by New Mexico, and south-west and west by California. In extreme length east and west 740 miles, and in breadth 840 miles, it contains an area estimated at 187.923 square miles. This territory occupies the great basin lying between the Kocky Mountains on one hand, and the Sierra Nevada on the Other; and with the exception of its eastern portion, drained by the Colorado and its tributaries, forms a distinct geo- graphical region, having mountains, rivers, and lakes all its own, and which originate and terminate within its natural Jimils. It is one of the most peculiar couulrjes of the world; and in many respects aaaimulates the topography of UTAH. « . _^ raltsdne, aDd like thai country has its Dead Sea, its ranuntain borders, its peculiar people as Palestine of old, and on its west the maritime Philistines of California. The eharaeteristies, historical, geograpliical, and Iheocratical, of llie two might be compared indefinilely : nor is the resemblance less striking in form of government, in manners, and in ciistonis. The physical elements of the countries are the same, and the mora! and religious, modified, however, by external associa- tions, only distinct in the perceptions of the sect.irian. The Great Btlsin, in which the larger portion of Tlah lies, says Dr. Bernhisel, is about 500 miles long east and west, by 260 miles breadth. It h.'is never been fully explored ; but .solar as it has been, a portion of it is found to consi.>t of arid and sterile plains, another of undulating table-lands, and a third of elevated mountains, a few of whose summits are capped with perpetual snow. Some portions of the basin abound in rich and nutricious grasses. There are within its limils many streams and lakes, and of the latter, the most remarkable is the Great Salt Lake, which is about TO miles in length, and 30 to 35 miles in breadth. Its waters are a saturated solution of muriate of soda or common salt. In'leed, they contain more salt than they are capable of lioldiug in solution ; and when low, considerable quantities of it are pre- cipitated to the bottom of the lake, or rather are there crystallized. No living creature can exist in this lake. A striking feature in the topography of this region is, that none of the streams or lakes have any visible outlet either to the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean. The sources of the Colorado are in the Kocky Mountains, lying in Oregon and New Mexico, and the country in their vicinity is unfit for cultivation. . No portion of that vast extent of country between the Great Basin and the Eocky Mountains is habitable excepting the valley of the Uintah, and perhaps that of tjreen River. The valleys known in the Great Basin are the Great Salt Lake Valley, Bear Uiver Valley. Utah Vidley, Vuab Valley, South Valley. Sevier Valley, and Sand Pitch Valley. The Great S.alt Lake Valley, which is much the largest, is about 115 Ut 120 miles iong, and from 20 to 40 broad, but the Salt Lake occupies the greater part of the northern portion of it. The surface of the centre of the valley is level, but ascends gently on either side toward the mountains. There is in the immediate vicinity of the city bearing the name of this lake, a warm saline mineral spring issuing from the base of a mountain, the temperature of which is lOSO, and two miles north of this is a similar spring, wiiose temperature is 125^ Fahr. The character of the best soil in the valleys that are inhabitable, is as follows: one portion of it is a vegetable loam, another a marly loam, and the third a gravelly shale containing some Bilica. The latitude of Great Salt Lake City is 4U0 4o' 44" north. The allilude is 4..300 feeL The climate is milder and drier in general thiin it is in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. The temperature in the Salt Lake Valley in the winter setison is more uniform than that of the .\tlantic States in the same season, the thermometer rarely descending to zero. There is but little ra'n except on the mountains between the 1st May and the 1st October, and hence the necessity for irrigation in most places which are susceptible of it, Tlie other valleys bear a general resemblance to the Salt Lake Valley, except that they are much smaller ; South Valley being .30 miles long, by 20 broad ; Utah Valley about 60 long, by CO broad, and Sand Pitch Valley some 40 or 50 long, and perhaps 20 wide. The only timber to be found in this region is in the canons, on the banks of a few of the streams, and along the b.ises of some of the mountains. Wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, oats, and Indian corn are its chief agricultural products; and all the garden vegetables peculiar to the Middle ond ■Western Sttites are produced in great perfection. Oitlon, sugar, and rice, are not susceptible of cultivation in the region described ; tobacco and sweet potatoes can be produced in limited quanUties. Only a few portions of the v.al!ey8 are well supplied with water, and upon the rest but limited crops can be raised, as artificial irrigation in agriculture is indispens.ible to success. There are tracts of land of considerable extent in each of these valleys which are not susceptible of cultivation, because they can not be irrigated. :- But limited portions, therefore, adds Kr.astus Snow, even of the most fertile and warmest valleys in this region, can ever be made available for agricultural purposes, and only such as are adjacent to streams, and are well located for irrigatioo- Small valleys, surrounded by high mountains, are the most abundantly supplied with water, the stn-ams being fed by the melting snow and summer showers. Broad extended plains, whether level or broken, are generally arid and unproduc- tive. Such is the whole eastern portion of Ul.ah, including the valley of Green Eiver, and those of its Iributariea, which extend from the Sierra Madre on the east, to the Bear Itiver divide on the west, and from the Wind lliver Chain, and Cascade mountains on the north, to a point at the south where Green P.iver passes through ihe mountains, descending over rapids and cataracts, to the plains of the lower Colora. tw part ofthh wrft triu-t rim tl,e riiin.i „f Itfiimn he relied upon to atii/ great ext-mt for the aitth'ution of the soil. The earth is (Uititide oftreex. and in greut part also of any reffetatinn w/iatener. Should the Great Pacific Railroad, however, be carried through this territory, the natural obs-acles to intercourse would in a gretjt measure be overcome, but at best, Utah must ever remain a country within itself naturally and politically, and as a 869 UTAH. member of tlie American Union, will ever be intlependcnt of ihat UniDn in all but iu tlieor>. Nor can the tbeoinglcal eystem beUi by the inhabiuuils uf Utah, have the sympathies of ihe moi-e dof^inalie sectaries of the oM Stales. The success of the Slate, then, depends on no external iuflaences ; but on the iulelligeut-'e and forces of the people within. Utah in 1850 was divided into seven counties,* the general statistics of which and the capitals of each were as follows: Capitals. Coiintieg. Dwell Davis 215 Great Salt Lake 1,2S8 . Iron 86 San Pete . . 62 Pop. .1,134 6,15T . 360 , 365 Fnniis Manuf in cult. KsLiib. CapiuU. 112 .. 1 .. Miller's Creek 505 .. 6 .. Salt Lake City 54 . . 2 . . Cedar City 61 . . 1 . . Manli City I Counties. Dwell. Tooele 33 . I Utah 411 . Weber 227 . o Fnrma Miumf. *^°P' iiicuiU Esub. 152 . . 27 . . . . Tooele City 2.000 . . 144 . . 4 . . Prnvo City 1.1S6 . . 33 . . 2 . . Ogden City The whole number of dwellings in the Territory was at the above date 2,322 ; of families, 2,322 ; and of inhabitants, ^1,080 ; viz.. whites 11,330— males 6,022, and females 5.3)'S ; fr. col. 24— males 13, and females 12 ; si. 26. Of the whole population there were deaf and dumh, 0; Uind, 2; i/isune, 3; and idiotic, 2. The number of free persons born in the United States was 9,355 ; the number of foreign birth 1,990, and of birth unknown 9. The 7iuUve pt)pulation origiualed as follows : Maine 151. N. llamp. 123. Verm. 232, Mass. 350, K. I. 21, Conn. 193, N. T. 1,430, N. Jer. 96, Penn. 553. Del. 17, M.l. 27. Dist. of Col. 1. Virg. 99, N. Car. 92, 6. Car. 53, Ga. 12, Flor. 4, Ala. C2, Miss. 119, La. 8, Tex. 7, Ark. 7, TeniL 294, Ky. 250, Oh. 694^ Mich. 121, Ind. 3ii3, 111. 1,235, Mo. 519, la. 726, Wise. 30, Calif. 14, Territories 76, and Ihe foreign population was composed of persons from— Englan.l 1,056, Ireland lii6, Scotland 232, Wales 125, Germany 50, France 13, Spain 1, Porlugal 0, Belgium 0, Holland 0. Turkey 0. Italy 1, Austria 3, Switzerland 1, Poissia 1, Denmark 2, Norway 82, Sweden 1. Prussia 6. Greece 0, China 1, Asia 0, British America 388, Mexico 7, Central America 0, South America 0, West Indies 2. and other countries 12. . Tho general statistics of the industry and wealth of the Territory, as derived from the census of 1850 and other official returns, are as follows: Ocntpied Z«h^, ffc.— Improved farm land, 16,3-33 acres, and unimproved, 30,516; valued in cash at $311,799. The number of fjirms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850. was 926. Value of farming implements and machinery, $34,283. Live .Sry. Utah county, Utah Ter. fextends from the mountains W. of tlif Utah lake to the Kooky mountains, and is about half a degree in width. Green r. passes through it, and by its branches drains the whole eouutry. It is everywhere a hilly country, but has extensive and fertile valleys, in which agriculture is pursued with success. Farms 144 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 411. and pop.— wh. 1,991, fr. col. 9, si. 26— total 2,026. Capital: Provo City. Utah, p. o., Warren county, IU. : 90 miles N. W. by N- Springfield. Utah, p. v.. La Grange county, Ind. : at head waters of Pigeon r., 132 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Utah. p. o., Lucas co., Ohio: 117 m.N. N. W. Columbus. Utah lake, Utah co., Ut^ih Ter. : S. by E. of Great Salt lake, to which it is connected by the river Jordan. It re- ceives Tinipanogoo r. and Spanish Fork, with other smaller streams from the K., nnd Utah r. from the S. Utah rivrr, L'ttdt Ter. : rises in W. part of San Pete co., flows W. into Juab county, where it takes a N. course, and empties into the S. end of the lake so called. Utah Lake, p. o., Utah county, Utah Ter. : 82 miles N. Fillmore City. Utica, p. v., Clark co., Ind.: on W. side of Ohio r., 5 m* below Charleston Landing, 130 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. * To lliese ha»e since been added the counties (if " Ile.ierl." enteuding from tlie Snlt Lake to tlie C.iliforni.in boiindnry— " Green Kiver." in llie N.E. p:\rt of llie territory—" .Millard. " in the S. W.— " Washin^lnn," in wiiUb half a degree, and runojog along the whole length uf theS. border, and " Yuiili," Ijing immediately N. of Millard County-»-m all twelve counties. 870 UTI VAL Utica, p. v., Mucomb co., Midi.: on E. side of Clinton r., 76 mik-s E, by S. Lansing. It contains an iron foundry, several mills, stores, etc., an academy, and 3 churches. Utica, p. v., Hinds co., Miss. : 29 m. \V. S. W. dm-k»oii. Utica, p. v., Livingston co., Mo. : on ?. side of GrHrid r.( at Uie bead of stearabnat navigation, 113 m. N. "W. JeUeraun City. Utioa. p. 0., Dane co., TT7.?(?. Utioa, p. city, Oneida co., ^V, Y. : on S. side of Mohawk r., S4 m. W. N. W. Albany, direct, by railroad 95 ni. Lat. (Dutch church) 43° OG' 49" N., long. 750 13' W. The city is built upon ground rising from the river toward tlie S., and commands a beautiful prospect of Ihe Mohawk valley. It ia laid out with general regularity, with spacious streets, many of which are 100 feet wide, and is well built, having many fine blocks of stores and elegant dwellings. It on- tains a court-house, 20 churches, 2 orphan as>iuuia, a good public market, 5 banks, witli aggregate capital of $l.0in,200, 1 savings bank, and 2 insurance compjinies. The Slate Lunatic Asylum ia located about 1 m. Vi'. ^lt the centre of the city, on elevated ground, with splendid buildings, sur- rounded by a farm of 160 acres. In l^oO it contained 449 inmates, 2"2G males, and 223 females. The total cost of these buildings at completion, according to the plan proposed, will be about $aOU,000. Much attention is given to educa- tion in the public schools, private acapulalion of about l,(ii)0. UxBRiPGE, t,, p. v., and sta., Worcester co,, Muss. : 36 m. S. W. IJo?ton. The Elackstnne r. crosses the K. part of t. Drained by tributaries of Bl.ickstone r., and has good water- jiower. It contains several manulactories. The Uxbridge Woolen Company, and Messrs. Wheelock's establishment manufacture over 300,000 yards of woolen goods annually. The V. is on the Providence and Worcester II. 11., IS miles S. E. Worcester, and contains a bank, capital $100,000, 2 churches. There are deposits of iron orij here, and a fine species of granite is quarried. Pop. of t. 2,457. V. Tail's Cross Uoads, p. o., Morrow county, OJiio: 44 m. N. by E. Columbus. Tail's Gate, eta.. Orange county, i*r. }'..• on Newburg Branch K. K., 5 m. S. W. from Newburg, S6 miles S. by W, Albany. Tail's Mills, p. o., Fulton co., N'. Y. : 52 m. W. N. W.- Albany. Talatie, p. v., Columbia county, iV. }'. ; at confluence of Tahiti.- and Kinderliook creeks, 2 miles N. E. KuitU-rhook, 19 m. S. byE Albany. It contains 4 large cotton factories, some other mills, 2 iron foundries, 3 churches, etc. Pop. about 1,650. Talcocr island, K. Y.: on Lake Champlain 5 miles S. by E. Plattsburg. 3 m. long, and 1 m. wide. Taleene, p. v.. Orange coujity, Ind. : So miles S. by W. Indianapolis. ^ Tale Mills, p. o., Giles co., Tenyi. : 66 m. S. by W. Nashville. Talencia county, A' J/tfa*. Situate 9. E., and covers a large territory extending between 32° and 35° N. lat, and between Texas on the E. and the Kio Grande on the W. The Sierra Blanco f(»IIow3 the course of the Uio (irrande at a distance of about 40 m., and is the watershed of the coun- try, dividing the Pecos from the great river nn the W. It abounds in gold and silver, etc., and at many places mining was once extensively engaged in. The Guadalupe mta. also extend N. into this county, and beyond them are seve- ral detached elevations. Tlie settl«ment3 are all on the Kio Grande, the E. portion being a wilderness. Farms 1,879; manuf. 1 : dwell. 2.S77, and pop.— wli. 14,147, fr. col. 0— total 14.147. OipiUd: Talencia. Vaucstia, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 4S m. W, N. W. Columbus. Talle Crccis. p. o., Ashe co., N. Car. : 164 m. W. by N. Haleigh. Here is an Episcopal missionary school. Tallejo. p. v., Solano county, ('alif. : and capital of the State of California, is situated on the Napa StraiLs 25 miles N. N. E. San Francisco. The permanent location of the seat of govenmient at this place is not certain, the legisla- ture of 1S52-3 having adjourned to Benicia ou Suisuri bay, S miles E. by S. Tallejt). The present general interests of Talltyo are entirely agricultural and grazing. The eminence 371 VAL VAN (Jesignated for the capitol buildings commanda an extensive prospect of beautiful scenery. "VaU-ey, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg.: 230 m. W, by S. Bicbnioi.d. Vallky Falls, p. o., Providence co., R,I,: on E. side of Blackstone r., 30 miles N. Newport Here are large fac- tories of print goods, running al)out 15,000 spindles, and making over 8,Uii0„U00 yards per ;innum. Valley Forge, p. v. and sta., Cheater co., Penn. : on the 8. side of the Schuylkill r., near the mouth of Valley creek, 70m.E. Harrisburg. It contains several factories and mills, which are also numerous upon liie banks of the stream above. The Philadelpliia and lieading K. E. passes through, 23 ra. from Philadelphia. 70 in. from Potlsville. This locality is of historical interest, from having been the winter quarters of the American army iii ITTT-S. Valley Giiove, p. o., Monroe co., Ark. : G7i m. E. by S. Little Rock. Valley Geove, p. o.. Do Soto county, MUs. : 163 m. N. Jackson. Valley Head, p. o., Dc Kalb co., Ala.: 159 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Vallky Pp.aieie, p. o., Barry co.. Mo. : 154 m. S. W. by S. Jefferson City. Valley Town, p. o., Cherokee county, 2T. Car. : 304 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Vallonia Springs, p. c, Broome co., N'. Y. : lOS m. W. S. W. Albany. Valoma, p. v., Jackson co., Irid^ : 62i m. S. Indianapolis. Valparaiso, p. v., and cap. Porter co., Ind. : ou E. side of Salt cr., 128 ra. N. N. V»'. Indianapolis. It contains the county buildings, 3 hotels, churches, etc. First -settled in 1836. The " Practical Observer" (dem.) is here published. Van Bueen county, Ark. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 1,450 sq. m. Drained by Little Red r. and its branches. Surface varied; soil fertile, and adapted to corn and graz- ing. Good crops of wheat are raised, and there is some fine timber on the land. Farms 3S0 ; manuf. ; dwell. 44S, and pop.— wh. 2,761, fr. col. 0, si. 103— total 2,S64. Capital: Clinton. Van Buren county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 450 sq. m. Des Moines r.. a tributary of the Mississippi, flows through it from N. W". to S. E., by which ami its branches it is drained. Surface undulating, in parts hitly; soil fer- tile. It is a fine mineral country, and iron, copper, and tin ores are found abundantly. Marble of excellent quality is quarried here. Farms 998; manuf. 23; dwell. 2.069, and pop.^wh. 1-2.266. fr. col. 4— total 12,270. Capital: Keo- eauque. Puhlic Work^: Des Moines River Improvements. Van Buren county, 3Iich. Situate S. W. of the South- em Peninsula, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by Paw- paw r. and its branches ; in the central part, by S. branch of Black r., and Brush and Dowagiake creeks, which supply good water-power. Surface level; soil fertile, the chief productions of wliieh are, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. The Pawp:iw r. is navigable for boats 70 m. from its mouth. Farms 409 ; manuf. 18 ; dwell. 1,053, and pop.— wh. 5,800, ft", col. 0— total 5,800. Capital: Pawpaw. Puhlic Works: Micliigan Ceutr.il R. R. Van Bueen county, Te^in. Situate N. centrally, and contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Laurel cr. and other branches of Caney fork of Cumberland r., which flows on its N, border. Surface undulating ; s(»il fertile, and adapted to wheat and grain. Farms 192 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 404, and pop.— wh. 2,4S1, fr. col. IS, si. 17&— total 2,674. Capital: Spencer. Van BntEN, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala,: on E. side of "Will's cr., 132 m. N. by E. M m. N. W. by W. Columbus. It contains a courl-house, jail, etc. The Olno and Indiana R. R. will pass near this place. Two Democratic papers are published : " Van Wert Demo- crat," and "Section Ten Budget" Pop. 270. Vanzandt county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 919 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Sabine and Neches rivers, and numerous small streams. Surfac* undu- lating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is generally jim- ductive and favorable t^i the growth of cotton and corn. It has snnie beds of iron ore, and is thickly covered with forest trees. Farms 13S ; manuf. 4; dwell. 246. auii pn;!. — whites 1,30S, free col. 0, si. 40— total 1,34S. Capital: Jor- dan's Saline. Varennks, p, v., Anderson dist, S. Car. : on W. side of Eocky r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia. Varick, t. and p. o., Seneca county, K. Y. : 160 m. W. Albany. It is bounded E. by Cajiiga lake, and W. by Seneca lake. Surface somewhat elevated in the middle; soil fertile. The inhabitants are generally engaged. in fiirming. Pop. 1,8T2. Vauiety Mills, p. o., Xelson o>.. Tirg. : 85 m. W. by N, Riehnmud. It cmiiains several dw(_dbngs and n few mills. Varna, p. v., Tompkins county. A'. 1' ; 140 m. W. by S. Albany, on Fall cr.. w bich aflfords wuter-power U) several mills. Pop. about 200. Varysuiti-.g, p. v., Wyoming co., J^. Y. ; on E. side of head branch of Tonawamla creek, 236 m. W. Albany. It contains several mills and stores, and 2 churches. Pop. about 250. Vassalboro', t. and p. o., Kennebec co., Mfi. : on E.side of Kennebec r., 10 m. N. by E. Augusta. Vessels come from tlie ocean to this t. by means of the dam and lock at Augusta. It contains several large ponds, the outlets from two of which furnish water-power. There is a large num- ber of tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc., in the t. Popu- lation 3.099. Vaugiiansville, p. 0., Putnam co., Ohio: 120 m. N. "W. Columbus. Vauchan Valley, p. o., Rutherford co., Tentf.: 80 m. S. E. Nashville. Vblasco, p. v., Brazoria county. 7e,r. ; at the mnuih of the Brazos r., 170 m. S. E. by E. Austin City. Tliis place early received a business impulse from the settlement of capitalists in the village and vicinity. The Brazus is here about 300 yards wide, with a good harbor. The village has some coasting trade, and promises to become one of the moat important places on the coast of Texas. Vexa.ngo county, Peiin. Situate toward th£ N. W., and contains 692 sq. m. Alleghany r. passes tlirougli its central portion, by which and ils branches it is drained. Surface unre3 is varied and pleasant; the peaks of die Oreen Mountains are visible in Ihe distanee, and well-cultivated farms Hue its shores. The harbors on the Vermont side of the lake are generally good, and the principal of these are Burlington, St. Albans, and Verg«*nnes. Lake Mcniphremagog is partly in this State, but mostly in Canada; it is thirty miles Ions, and disclijirges its waters into the St. Lawrence tbrougli tlie channel of the St. Francis Kiver. Between Ihe mountains and New York 8tate line there are several smaller lakes, wliieh are known under the names of Bombazine Lake, Austin Lake, Great Trout Pond, etc., which are remarkable for the purity and clearness of their waters and the bland scenery that surrounds them. The minerals produced in this St;de are iron, copper, zinc, and a great variety of rocks. Iron occurs in great abund- ance. Sulphuret tii iron, or pj rites, is found at Straflbrd and Shrewsbury, from winch an immense quantity of copperas is annually mauiifaclured. Copper has been discovered near Brandon, and a few nnles south-cast of that place a bed of Bilver and copper. The ore of the latter is incorporated with milk (juarlz and argillaceous slate ; an average specimen, analyzed by W. H. Shef)hcrd, mineralogist, yielded 31.13 per cent, of pure silver and 17.09 of copper. Lead, zinc, and manganese are also lound. At Moneklon, near Burlingtjn, there is also an extensive bed of kaolin, or porcelain earth. Granite, however, is the great staple, and marbles of line quality are extensively quarried at Middlebury, Swantou, Ben- nington, etc. The novacniile. or oil-stone, sold under the lumie of magog oil-stone, is founrl un one of the islat:ds in Lake Mcmphremaiiog. and quarries of slate are wrouj^ht near Eraltleboro'. Vermont has also several mineral springs, containing iron and sulpliur. which are resorted to f.ir relief in many cutaneous and chronic complaints. The climate assimilates that of New Hampshire, and is variable and cold, but exlrcniely salubrious. Snow lies on the gmund from the middle of November to the end of April, and on Ihe hill-sides it is often six or eight feet deep. The mean annual range of the thermometer is about 120°, the temperature in winter sinking sometimes to 25"^ or 3uo below zero, and in summer rising to 0\P or 100°. Trees commence to bud early in April, and flowers nnfttid themselves in May. The first frosts appear about the middle of September, but are lig'n until November. The summer season is fair and serene, and alihouiih Ihe heat of the day is sometimes excessive, the nights are always cool. Through September and October the finest weather prevails, with gentle winds and a blue sky. The natural growths of Vermont are hemlock, spruce, and fir, which flourish on the mountain aides; the lower tracts abound with elm, oak, hickory, butternut, pine, beech, sugar-maple, and birch, arid the cedar grows luxurianlly in the swamps. The iTidigenous animals are wolves, foxes, and others, similar in a great measure to those whieh are spread over Canada and the North-eastern States generally. The lakes and rivers abound with excellent fish. The soils of Vermont are generally rich and loamy. On the borders of the rivers are fine tracts of valley land, ■which consist of a deep black alluvial deposit — these are sometimes a mile in width, and very proihictive in grain, grass, and garden vegetables. The uplands are in many places scarcely inferior t<) the intervales, and are in general Bufflciently free from stone to admit of easy cultivation. The hills and mountains, that are not arable on account of their etccpnes.-* or the rocks, yield the best of pasturage. There is hardly any part of the country better ad.apted lo Ihe rearing of horses, horned cattle, and sheep, than the mountain regions of this Stale. Wheat is raised more abundantly ou the western than on the eastern side of the mountains. The soils and climate of all parts are favorable to the growth of the apple and most oilier kinds of garden trees ; but the peach seldom comes to perfection anywhere. The greater part of the Stale is better suited to grazing than to tillage. Springs and brooks are very numerous, and there is no extensive tract but is well supplied with running water. Vermont is divided into U counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as foUowa : Cnpitals, . Hyde Park . Chelsea . Irasburg . Pvutland . MoNTPELrEK , Fayetteville . 'U'oodstock The whole number of dwellings in the State at the above date was fiCi.S'27 ; of families, 5S.475; and of inhabitanta, 813.GU ; viz.. wliites 312.902— males 159 374. and females 153,.'^.2S : fr. col. TOD— males SCfi, ann there were, dfttf and diiiiib~v/h. 143, fr. col. 1.— total 144; h/i>i>/—v;\\. 13S. fr. col. — total 133; hutant — wh. 552. fr. col. 0— total 552. and idiotic — wh. 2S0. fr. eol. 1— total 2S1. The number of free persons born in the United Stales wa-* 2^0,96S, the mimber of foreign birth 32,831, and of birth unknown 823. The v/itive population originated as follows : Maine S35, N. Hamp. 19.Git9, Vermont 232,o^<6, Ma«s. 15.059, U. I. 801, Conn. 4,551, N. Y. 7,21^, N. Jer. 171, Penn. 13S, Del. 1. Md. 23, Disl. of Col. 5. Virg. 21, N. Car. 7. S. Car. 5. Ga. IS, Klor. 9, Ala. 6. Mi.ss. 5, La. 12, Tex. 1, Ark. 2, Tenn. fi, Ky. 7. Oh. Ifi6, Mich. S6, Ind. 15, III. 84. Mo. 10, la. 5, Wise. 82, Calif. 0, Territories 1 ; and the foreign popula- tion was coinpo9e-l of persons from— England 1,5 Ifi, Ireland 15.377, Scotland 1,045. Wales 57, Germany 213, Franco 40, Spain 8. Porluiral 5, Belgium (t, Holland 2. lt.aly 7, Austria 0, Switzeriand 2. Bussia 1, Denmark 1, Norway S, Sweden 0, Prussia 6. Hreece o, Asia 7. Africa 0, British America 14,470. Mexico 0, Central America 0, South America 3, West Indies 6, Sandwich Islands 4, and other countries 28. 875 Counties. Dwell, Pop. Farms in r.ilt. Mnnnf Kst.nb C.ipilala, Connlies. n.vell. Pop. F»rms moult. Mniiuf. E.tal). Addisnn . 4,r>79 . . 26.M9 . . 2,292 . . l.')7 Middli^lnirg T.amoille . 2.022 . . in.s72 . . 1.0R2 . . 42 . Benninglon . 8.4114 . . 18.6S9 . 1,.39: . . 147 . Manehes'.er Oraniiie . 5.192 . . 27,296 . . 2.677 . 86 . Cak'donia... . 4,231 . . 23.086 . . 2,T54 . . 24.') . Danville Orleans . 2.7S0 . . l.%707 . . 2,0.')5 . 68. Chittenden . . . 4,S05 . . 29,036 . . 1,908 . .201 . Burliii2!on Kulland . 6,661 . . S3,0.')9 . . 2,668 . .275. Essex- . 84G. , 4,650 . . 603. . 82. Guildhall ■\Vashinjrton. . 4.442 . . 24,6.54 . 2,104 . 77. Franklin . 4,S27 - ^2S,5S6. . 2,172 . .108. St. Alhans "Windham. . . . 6.374 . . 29,062 . . 8.363 . . 197. Grand Isle.. . 691. . 4,14o. . 839. . 8 . North Hero Windsor.... . 7,873 . . 88,820 . . 4,274 . .192. VERMONT. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population eiace the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Colored Pers^ne. Derennial Increnae Census White i "^"^ ^ ' ' * Vears. Personi. Free. Slave. Tt.lal, Tctal. Nuiiier. Per cent 1T90 S5,144 255 17 272 85,416 . ISUO 153,90S 557 — 557 154.465 69,049 80.3 1810 216,963 750 — 750 217.713 e:J.-248 40.3 1S20 234,S46 91S — 918 235,764 18,051 8.3 1830 279.771 S81 — 881 230,652 .-.. 44,833 19.0 1840 291.218 780 — 730 291,948 11,296 4.0 1850 812,902 709 — 709 313,611 21,563 7.4 The general statistics of the wealth, induslry, productions, manufactures, and institutions of Vermont, as ascertained by the census of 1350, and other official reports ma le in the same year, afford the followins; results : Occupied Jjinds, etc. — Improved furm lands 2,591.379 acres, and unimproved lands 1,525.36S acres — together valued in cash at $59,727,781. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1S50, was 29,687. Value of farming implements and miichinery $2. 7 90,237. Zt('^-^7otA-.— llorses, 61,057 : asses and mules, 218 ; milch cows, 146,146 ; working oxen, 48,497 ; other cattle, 154,035 ; sheep, 919.992, and swine, 66,273. Compared with the live-stock existing in the Slate in 1S40, the following movement is sh|wn : Live Stock. ISiO. l&F,n Decrease. Horses ( co mo u^^a ( 61.057 head i Asses and muJe, \ «2,«2 head J .^^^ ,, ^ 1,127 head, or 1.8 per cent. 1 j 146.146 " j ,V8S4,S41 " .j 48,497 " !- 33,6' , t ( 154,025 " ) iUcr. 54,7?6 (I or 23.7 .rncr. 912,3.33 " or 81.5 .inei\ 6.5,1.'!0 " or 37.3 . deer. 12,634 t( or 23.1 .deer. 19,717 (( or 8.6 Milch cows I ( 146.146 Workingoxen ). 834,841 " -J 48,497 " ^35,673 " or 9.3 Other cattle . Sheep 1,681,319 " ,..919,993 « 761.327 " or4o.3 « Swine 203,800 " 66.278 " 137,522 '^ or 67.4 « —in 1S50 the aggregate value of live-stock in. cash was $12,640,248. rrodxifU of Anunals.—'W ool 8,410,993 pounds, butter 11,871,451 pounds, cheese 8,729.334 pounds; and the valac of animals slaughtered during the year had been $1,871,468. The quantity of wool returned in the census of 1840 wag 8,099,235 pounds, or 288,242 pounds more than in 1S50, and hence the decrease shown in the latter year amounts 7.S per ceut. The production in relation to the number of sht-ep. however, has been much larger at the latter than at the former period ; in 1S40 it was 35.2 ounces per fleece, and in 185", 59.3 ounces. In the production of butter only five States surpass .Vermont, and of cheese only two— New York and Ohio, and of the latter article it produces one-twelflh the quantity made in the Union. Griiiii Crops.— V^he&t 525,925 buslicls. rye 176,207 bushels, Indian corn 2.0.32,016 bushels, oats 2,307,714 bushels, barley 42,147 bubhcls, and buckwheat 208,699. The crops of 1S40 and their comparative quantities, with those of 1350, are as follows : Crops. 1840. 1 850. Movement. "WhoaL 495,800 bushels 525,925 bushels incr. 80,125 bushels, or 6.1 per cent. Eye..; 230,993 « 176.2(17 Indiancom 1,119,678 *' 2.082.010 Oats 2,222,534 " 2.807,714 Barley 54,781 " 42.147 Buckwheat 223,416 " 208,099 Other Food Crops.— Betms and peas 104 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 4,947,851 bushels. The potato crop reported in the census of 1840 amounted to 3,869,751 bushels, and hence the decrease between the returns of 1S40 and 1350 has been 8,922,400 bushels, or 44.2 per centum. ^fmceUnneous Crops.— ^ay, 866,989 tons ; clover-seed, 760 bushels ; other grass-seed, 14.996 bushels ; hops, 253,513 povmds ; flax, 20,752 pounds ; flax-seed, 939 bushels ; silk cocoons. 26S pounds ; Maple sugar, 5,930,955 pounds; molasses, 5,997 gallons ; beeswax and honey, 249,482 poimds; wine 659 gallons, etc. Value of orchard i)rresented in the census of 1840, were valued at $674,543. MiivtiftictKre^. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $O,iinO,0lH) ; average number of hands employed, 00.000— males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male $000,000, and ft-male $00,000 ; total value of mnnufaclures for the year $0,000,000. The whole number of manufae- ing establishments in operation on the 1st June, 1850, and producing to the annual value of $50n and vipwards, was 1,335, and these were tlistribntcd among the counties in proportion, as shown in the general table before given. Of these 9 were cotton factories. 72 woolen factories, 37 iron factories— 3 making pig iron. 26 making castings, and 8 making wrought iron ; and 152 were tanneries. The manufacturing establish menla others than those named were various, but chiefly such as are incident to an agricultural region, or such as the immediate wants of the people demand. The total capital invested in manufactures, in 1840, amounted to $4,326,440, 876 VERMONT. In ihe cotton maruiln.'iure, llie capiiul ernpioycd ia .|202.5iiO ; coium useJ, 2.'24:i bales ; v:ihie (if all raw material, etc., consumed. $lU.41ri ; hands emplojed. 231— males 94. and females 147 ; tntiry wages per month, .t:i,;}Jl— to mahs :J1,4C0, nnd Id females $l,SfU ; products <>f ihe year— sheetini;, cN'.. l.'Jol.OOO yards, ami yarn 53.050 pounds, valued al $196,100. In 1S40, there were in the Slate 7 factories — capilal :i;US,liMi ; hands 2*j'2. and vahie of prodiivts $ll;^,uO[). In the mnnnfaeture of wonlfiii gooda, the rapit;d employed is $SS6,;3im ; annual eonsnmption of wool. 2,323.1110 pounds; value of all raw mat'Tial, etc., consumed, ^S30,Gs4 ; average hands employed, 1,393— males GS3. and females 71ii ; entire monthly wages, $25,li'0— to males $u;,"12, and to femaU^s .$-i.oSH ; prndui-ts fnr the year, 2,8;iO,4(Hi yards of cloth, valued at $1,579,161. The number of faoti^rles in 1^40 was 95, which, with 2'39 lulling miUs, employed u capital of $1,406,959; hands 1.450; annual value of jiroduets, $1,331,953. The statistics of the ii'0}i manufaclures, In 1S50, were in accordance with tlie annexed table : Capital invested dollars. . . Ore used tons Pig iron nseil " . . . . Blooms used '* .. .. Old metal used " Mineral coal consumed " . . . . Coke and charcoal bushels.. Value of raw material dollars. . , Hands employed number.. Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . Iron produced tons Value of other products dollars. .. Entire value of products " : In t Ir, \Vr 62,5011 . , 7,670 . ;!it Iron. .290.730 62,700 . — 2,625 . 0,279 750 . — 525 . 274 — . 1.066 -- .193,400 337,000 .160.603 66.194 8S1 57 . 10,771 1,719 14.743 . 5,000 2,045 10.245 — 87.770 — S7.770 6S,000 460,831 163,9S6 692,S1T . 150 .326,437 . 40.175 100 . 2.203 . 3,200 Total. 415,920 10,3()1 6,029 bib 2T4 1,216 961. S37 266.972 533 — in 1840, there were in the State 26 furnaces, proJucinj^ annually 6.743 t^ns Cast iron, anrl 14 bloomerics, forges, and rolling mills, producing 655 tv,. ... 0,730 ... 813 ...7,549 Foreign Tola)... . . . . lU . . .... 604 . . — the shippint: nwtiod in the State at the abovf pcrioil amniinted !■> 4.530 tons, all of the cla«3 enrotlcl and licensed, aad of this, 3,097 tons was navigated by steam. The commercial movement for a series of 3-enr3 had been as follows: Ye.ir, Export*. Imports. Year. Expurts. Imjiort-t. 1799 $20.480 $ ISll 5;571.104 $ 1800 57,041 1812 133,647 — — 1SI3 1S14 1S15 161,002 18:6 S92,.594 1817 gi-woi . ISIS 240.069 1819 685.596 1S20 89,'i.S69 1821 20.5,3.30 15.987 1822 257,694 00,897 ISOl 57,267 1302 31,479 1803 117,4.50 1804 191,725 1S05 169,402 1806! 193,775 1807 204,285 ISOS 103,772 1809 175,782 1310 432,031 Year. Ksj'ort.. Impnrts. 1823 ?2.!6.140 J62,242 IS24 203.253 101,8,54 1825 396,106 109,021 1.826 8S-1,202 2-23,6,50 1827 1,259,4-11 144,078 1828 239,610 177.5.39 1829 SiiS,»79 205,392 1530 . 1531 . 13-32. 1333. 1834. 058,2,56 140,059 925,127 100,206 at9,820 214,672 877,399 623.200 834,872 322,300 877 VERMONT. Year. Exports, Intpnrta. i Tear. Ex|iciri9. Imports, . Year. Exports. Imports. 1885 1S36 18S,I65 4o6.S46 i 1S42 5r>7.5H9 200,bG3 1837 13S.693 842.449' 1S43 169.971 38,000 ;8,151 $217,853 j 1841 $'277.987 $246,739 j 1 846 $403.820 $127,223 1347 514.293 239.641 1S4S &34.102 306,005 1S3S 132.650 258.417|1844 413.3S7 97.188 1849 6hi>.SG9 147.721 1839 193.SS6 ...413.513 11845 642,607 81,997 ISoO 43u,906 403,092 1840 805.150 404,6171 5n7i>fcs.— The returns of August, 1S50, report 27 banks. an-prrnm^iit.— The first Constitution of this ?tate was formed in 1777; the one now in operation w-as adopted on the 4th -luly. 1793, but haa since been modified at various periods. It secures to every man on attaining liia 21st year, the right of . suffrage. pr-iVided lie has been a resident of ilie State for the next preceding year, and is of a quiet and peaceable behavior. The annual elections are held nn the first Tuesday of September. The J^gialiitiire consists of a Senate {estabhshed in 1S36). and a House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 30 members, chosen by a plurality of votes, apportioned in ratio of the population, but each county is entitled to at least one. The House of Representatives, at present, consists of 230 members, one from each town, Kepresenl-itives shall be pers' ms noted for wisdom and virtue, resident in the State for the last two years, and for one year in the town. Two-lhinls uf the members elected are required to f'»rm a quorum, when a St^Ue tax is voted. The Legislature is renewed annually. The Lieutenant-governor is ex-officio I'resident uf the Senate, otherwise the officers of both houses are chosen by the members thereof respectively. The chief fXfcuUve is vested in a Governor, chosen annually by a majority of votes. In case or no choice being made, the three candidates having the highest poll numbers are presented to the Legislature, which in joint ballot elects one of their number to be governor. The Lieutenanl-governnr and Treasurer are elected in like manner. No one is qualified for these offices unless he has resided in the Slate lor the preceding fmr years. Twelve Councilors, assistants to the executive, are chosen annually by general ticket, and by a plurality of votes. The Governor and Council appoint to offices and fill vacancies, and may grant pardons for all crimes excepting treason and murder, in which they may grant reprieves until the end of tlie next session of the General Assembly, and excepting also impeachments, which can be reversed only by act of the Assembly. The Governor presides in the Council and has a casting vote only. He may veto a bill, but two- thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus may become law notwithstanding. He is allowed a Secretary of civil and military affairs, chosen by himself and paid by the State. Judiciary palters are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a chief and two assistant justices; in County Courts, or Courts of Common ^^e.^s comprising four circuits, each County Court being composed of one Judge of Circuit, elected by the Legislature, who is f'X-qffi<.uo chief justice of the County Courts of his Circuit, and two assistant judges for each county, elected by the people ; and in Justices of the Peace. The Sui>reme Court sits in each county once, an4. Tin- University ot^Vernnmt in 1S.VI ha-lied at L'aa'letou and \Vm>d?tnrk. Tlie CasUeton Medicid College was founded. in^lSlis. and in ISSOhad 7 professors, l'i4 t>iudents, and 5o5 graduatf's, an. I the Vermont Medical College al Woodstock was founded in 1835, and in ISoO had 7 prof-.'?8nrs. 9ii studt-nia. and 3^32 gradujtes. Academies are eatatdisUed in all the hirger towns and villages, and throus;hout the State there are private schools of high reputation. I'nhlic Lihruries, — According to a report of tlie libfarian of the Smilhs<^nian Institution in 1851. there were in Vermont 1 Slate library— 3.5III) vnhunes; 3 culleu''' libraries— 13 (I3J volumes; 6 students' libraries — S,6t)7 volumes; and 13 public school iiliraries— 9,H)0 volumes; tnial 'i3 libraries, and ;J4.'i99 volumea. I'eruxHv'tl J'test:. — The whole nmnber of pLTiudicals pubhshed in Vermont in 1850 was 3G — 14 whig. 7 dem'^iorali",and 15 neuiral in politics. In the latter class are included religinus, literary, and other general issues. Of tlie wh'le uuinher 2 were published tlaily. 1 seuii-weekly. 31 weekly, anil 2 monthly. The dailies bad an ngg PL'ate eircuhiLion ol 55ii copies, the Iri-weeklies of 2,20(1 copies, the weeklies of 41,2(iG cnpiLS, aiul the monthlies of 2,()il() copies. The couniies in which issued are as fallows: Addison, Bennington, and Caledonia, each 2 weeklies; Chittenden (Burlingi»)ii), 2 dadii-s and 3 ■weeklies; Franklin. 1 weekly ami I nionilily; Orange, 2 weekly and 1 monthly; Orleans, 1 weekjy; i;ulland,4 weeklies; "Washington, G wieklies; Windham, 5 weeklies; Wtmlsor, 4 weeklies. I\ittpeih-m and Crime. — The whole number of paupers relieved and supported within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 3.654, of which 2,043 were native, and 1.611 foreign born; and the whole number 'if paiiperr* at the date spocitled was 1,S79, of which 1.5G5 were natives, and 314 foreigners. Cost of support, etc.. $12(.i,402. The total number of convicts sent to llie Stale Prison in the year en'ling 1st September, 1S5U, was 33, and at that date 76 were undergoing sentence. The convicts are chielly emplovi-d in snath-making and shoi-making. Income $G,lo7 09, and expenses .$0,201 Gl— bal- ance against the prison, $1-44 52. lieli'jious Deniiiiii}utUons. — The statistics of the several religious denominations iu the Stale iu ISOO, will be found by reference to the lable annexed: Denoniina- No (if Cl...rrh Vji..e or De....m.na- No. of Cl..ifrl. Vnl..e ol Denominn- No of Cl.i.rth Value of tnnis. Cl.urtl.es a.'f...ii. rr„,,..,i,. lions, Clmcl.es, a.ic.n. rtu|,i.rt). lioi.a. Cl.ur.lies a.f i.n. Vr..pr,iy. Baplisl S3 .. .31.937. .!|il53,S42 German Uef. — . . . — . ... — R. Calhfilic ... 8 . ..4,31 15.. ..!M2,200 Christian T .. . 2,'i'20. .. 12,000 ■Tewisli — . . . — .. ..$ - Swe.lenb.i'n.. — . .. — . .. — Congri-gari..lC3 .. .70,122. ..451,0S4 Lutheran ... — . . . . — .. .. — Tunker — . . — .. .. — Dutcli Itef. . . — . . . — . .. — Mennonite... — .. . — .. .. — Uni..n S8 . .34.5,50.. ..122,500 Episcopal . . 25 . . .10.525. .. 81,500 Metho.lisU...I23 .. .45,010. ..221,850 Unitarian 2 . . 1,000.. .. 82,000 Free 1 .. . 100.. 300 Moravian — . . . — .. .. _ Ulliversalist .. 84 . ..13.325. ,. 71,750 Friends 7 . . . 2,550. . . 5,500 Presley terian. 10 .. ..4.100., .. 17,600 Minor Sects . 3 . . . 700 . .. 80O — making a total of 5G4 churches, with accommodation f.ir 226,444 persons, and valued at $1,213,120. Vennuut forms a diocese ..f the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is rnelu.ied in the lioman Calholic diocese of Boston, Ifitffi'ical Sl^ftch. — The distane.* of Vermont from tlie coast prevented any settlement being ma.le within its bor.iers, either by the French or English, until the col.inies nf the latter extemleil themselves int.) its vicinity, Tlie governments of New York and Mansai-hnselts ina.ie large grants in the direction of Ibis 8tate, but it was not until 1724 that any actual posse^^ion was taken of lan.Is within ils prtsent bounds. In that year Fort Durance, or Dnnimer, was built on tlie Goiineo- lieut Uiver. On the other en.l of the State, in 1731, ihe French built a fort at Cri>wn Point, and began a seltleinent on tho eastern shore of Lake Champlain. Vermont, however, attracleil little attention until th.- reduction of Qiiel.ec. After that event, New llanipshire. supposing the territory to fall within ils limits, made large grants to settlers; but New York also claiming it. tlie matter became involve.l in seri'.ns conlrover,..y. Having been referred to tlie crown, a decision was made confirmatory of the title of the latter to all the country west of the Connecticut, and in this det^-rminatioa New Hampsliire seems to have acquiesced, with the understanding, that the titles of the lands purchased from her by the setllers should not be diaturbe.i. Hail New York cont.nted itself with the possession of the unsol.l lands and jurisdiction over those which had beea fairly purchas.'.! from New Hampshire, Vermont would probably have lu'cn to this day .an integral portion of that great Slate: a vi.ilenl and impolitic course, however, was pursu.'.l. The New IIanip,«hire grams were dedareil invali.l.and Iha Belllers were require. 1 1.> take out new patents. The refusal to do this was nearly general, an.l in consequence .lecrees of ejectment were issueil by the courts at Albany. At the head of the Vernninlcrs was Ethan Allen, a bolil an. I determined man, without mental cultivation, but of great n:itural powers. Under his guidance and counsel they resolve. I to main- tain what lliey conceived to be their rights, at the risk of being treated as outlaws. The militia of New York was called out, but effected notliing. Appeal was n.iw ma.le by the inhabitants t.i Ihe crown, anil the government of New York was forbi.l.len to make any grant ..f the lan.Is In qu..sli..n. The order was evaded, however, an.l the same slate of affairs coiitinui-d as before. The battle of Lexingt.in was fouglit, and more important objects then occupied the attention of tho government of New York. The altempis of the British ministry upon the lilierties of the c.ilouies excited as much indignation in Vermont as in those pn.vinces which were more immediately obnoxious to the rojal power. On the news that hosiiliti(.s had com- mencoil, Ethan Allen collected a body of about Hire.' hundred s.ltlers, an.l. joined by some officers fr..m Coun.-cticut and New Hampshire, surprisi-.l the lirilisli post at Tic.iii.l.T'ga. The f irt at Crown Point was surren.lereil soon afb-rward. These enterprises, executed with a.Idress, re.Ioun.I.'.l greatly to the success of the r..v..lutionary cause, and operated strongly on tin' publi.- niin.l in favor of the Veriiionles.-. In a bol.l attempt on M.mtreal, Allen was shortly allerward taken prisoner, an.l carried to England in irons. In tlu^ f.ill.iwing year the British succeeded in .lefealiug the colonial navy on Lake Champlain. and on the a.lvance of Hiiru'oyn.-"s army in 1777, Tii'onderoga f.'ll again into their possess!.™. War now pr.'.ss.-.l heavily upon Vennont ; the n.irtlnrn setllem.-nts were br.iken up, and the whole frontier subjected to savage incursion. Submissi..n to the British, h.iwev.r. was never thought of A force was r.ais.-.l an.l united with that of General Slarke. The battle of Bennington, wlier.. upwar.l .if one lle.usan.l regular tr.Kips were a=saulle.l in their inlrenchments and compelled to surrender, will be long remembered as a proot of what an undisciplined nulitia oro 879 VER VER capable, when warmed by patriotism ami animated by hatred to the op])re33or. The surrender of Bargoyiie'a army restored the country to comparative ^anqiiillity. "While thua tlghiino; in favor of the general cause, the people of Vermont were placed, as reg'ards their civil govern* ment, in an anomalous situation. At the commencement of hostilities they found themselves even without a form of gov- ernment. The jurisdiction of New York was disclaimed, and the authority of the crown was thrown off. In this stJito of matters every thing was effected by voluntary agreement. Application was made to Congress for its interfi-renee, but that body reconi mended su!>raission to New York. Kesolute in their determination not to submit, the people saw no ftlteraalive than to establish an independent State. In January, 1777, a general convention met, and proelainuMl that the district of territory, previously known by the name of the New IIami)shire grants, was of right a free and independent jurisdiction, to be thenceforth called by the name of "New Connecticut, alias Vermont" The convention now ad- dressed Congress, and claimed admission into the confederatflon. The petition for admissiim was met by a counter-memorial from New Torfe, and Congreaa refused to recognize its separate existence. Embarrassment increased, and other circumstances soon after involved the Verraontese in a contest with the government of New Hampshire. The charter of the latter Slate circumscribed it by a line drawn at a distance of sixty miles from the sen. All the lands west of this line to the Connecticut were derived from royal granis ; and the Inhabitants of the towns within this strip, conceiving that the royal authority expired with the Declaration of Independ- ence, imagined they had a right to determine to what State they would be attached. Under this impression they applied to the Vermontese requesting a union with them. The assembly of Vermont acceded to the application, but the vote of union was subsequently rescinded on a representation that Congress would, on the connection with the revolted towns of New Hampshire being dissolved, admit Vermont as a separate State. This action was followed by great dis- content wilhin the State. The inhabitants of that part which lies near the Connecticut Eiver determined to unite with the New Hampshire towns, and to form a State government. Encouraged by these disaentions, New Hampshire now ad- vanced a claim before Congress for the whole of Vermont New York did the same, and Massachusetts endeavored to obtain a part by reviving an antiquated title. Menaced from so many quarters, the Vermontese gave up their local dissentions, and united in their own defense. Ethan Allen, who had relumed from captivity, was placed at the head of a body of militia, and made prisoners of the officers who were acting under the authority of New York. Complaint waa made to Congress, but the discuf-sion of the subject was postponed from time to time, as the Vermontese refused to become parties to it, and no decision waa pro nounced. The British were naturally attentive to the progress of the contest, and flattered themselves that the people oi Vermont, exasperated and neglected by Congress, would place themselves under their protection. Negotiations were actually opened for this puri)03e in 1790, and were continued without any open result until 1783. "Whatever the inten- tions of the leading men of Vermont were, there is no doubt but that the hotly of the people were still warmly attached to the revolutionary cause. The consequences of the negotiation in ona respect, however, were favorable to Vermont, as she remainerl nnmolested by the British during the remainder of the war. The peace of 17S3 found Vermont a sovereign and- independent State de facto, and the Vermontese felt little desire to join in a confederation, ihe rulers of which had pursued such an evasive policy toward her during tlie war. New York Btill claimed a jurisdiction over the State, but waa unable to enforce it, and the State government was administered as regularly as in any other part of the United States. Affairs remained in this singular condition until after the formation of the constitution in 17S7, the advantages of which, under the administration of Washington, inclined the people of Ver- mont again to atiempt an admission into the Union, Ths only obstacle arose from the opposition of New York, which ■was flually withdrawn in 17S9. In that year commissioners from the two States met, and effected an amicable arrange- ment. The sum of $30,000 was agreed to be paid to New York as a compensation fur lands belonging to its citizens, which had been re-granted by Vermont, and New York consented that her claims to jtiriadiclion should cease. A con- vention was immediately called, by which it was resolved to join the Union. The consent of Congress was given, and on the 4lh of March, 1791, Vermont became one of the United States. During the war of 1S12-15 with England, the \icinity of this State was the seat of a warm contest. On the invasion of New York, volunteers poured from the mountains and valleys of Vermont, and by their palriotism and valor proved that they had not degenerated from, or forgotten the prowess of, their fathers. The repulse of the British from Flatls- burg. and the capture of their squadron on Lake Chumplain, delivered the soil of this district from tlie presence of an enemy. Aside from this interruption the prosperity of the State has been onward, but its history furnishes no event of sufficient import.ance to require detail. MosTPELiEtt is the political capital of the Slate. Veemont, p. v., Fulton county, JU. : 51 miles N. "W. gpringfleld. Vermont, p. o., Howard co., Ind. : on N. side of "Wild Cat cr.. 50 m^ N. by E. Indianapolis. Vermont, p. v., Cooper co., Mo. : 35 m. "W. N. "W. Jefier- Bon City. Vehmont, p. o,, Chautauquo co.. K. Y. : 2S7 m. W. by S, Albany. Vermont Settlement, p. o., "Will co.. III. : 147 m, N. E. Springfleld. Vekmontville, t. and p. v., Eaton co., Midi.: 24 m. "W. by S. Lansing. The t derives its name from having been settled by a colony of forty fam'dies from Vermont Pop. oft. in IS-IO, 1S2; in 1S50, 324. Veenal. p. o., Greene county. Miss.: on S. E. side of Chickasawlia r., V27> m. S. E. Jackson. Vernal, p. o., Wyoming co., iV. K ; 232 m. W. by N. Albany. Vernon county, Mo, Situate W., and contains 612 aq. m. Drained by Marais des Cygnes r a tributary of Osage r,, and by its numerous branches. Surface undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of grain. It is well wooded, and has good pasturage for cattle, Vernon, p. v., Autauga co.. Aid. : on N. side of Alabama river, near the junction of Swift cr., 19 m. W. Montgomery. Vernon, p. v. and sta., Tolland co., Cotm. : 10 m. E. N. E Hartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords water- power to numerous manufactories. Surface diversified ; soil of moderate fertility. The Hartford, Providence, and Fish- kill E. K. touches the S. part of the t., 12 m. IVora HartforU- The V. contains 2 churches, etc. Pop, of t. 2,900. Vernon, p. v.. Kent co., Dd. : on W. side of Marshy Hope creek, 18 ra. S. S. W, Dover. Veknon, p. v., Troup co., Oa. : on"W. side of Chattahotv chee river. US m. W. MilleJgeville. It contains an acad- emy, church, and dwellings. Veknon, p. v.. and cap. Jennings co., Ind. : on E. side of Vernon fork of Muscatuck r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Indianapo lis. The Madieon and Indianapolis R. K. passes through, 22 m. from Madison, 64 m. from Indianapolis. The v. has VER a very pleasant site. It was lai'l out in lsl5. The county buiMin^s are nt-at atrueturps. Pop. aliout (>ilO. Vfknon. p. o., Jackson parish, La. : 150 m. N. W. by N. Baton Ilougre. Vernon,!, andp. o., Shiawassee co., J/>V^. ; SSm. E. N.E. Laii^insr. This is one of the best agricultural townsliips in the county. Pop. 674. Vfknon, p. v., Sutter co., Calif. .■ on E. bank of Feather river, at its confluence with the Sacramento, ilireetly oppo- site Fremont. It is pleasantly situated at the head of navi- gation ihirinff bich water, ami is not liable to overflow. It Is a market for the supply of the northern mines. Vf.knos-. p. v.. Madison en., JZ/.v-s. .• 3 m. S. E. Bi? Black river, 2 m. N. by W. Jackson. During: a part of Ihe year steamboats can ascend to this place. Pop. about 230. Vernon, t. and p. v., Sussex eo., A1 Jer. : 6S m. N". by E. Trenton. Surface very hilly and mountainous. Drained by several streams. The v. is situate centrally. Popula- tion oft. 2.610. Vrrnon, t. and p. v., Oneida co.. J\^ T. : OS m. "W. by N. Albany. Surface rolling. Drairietl N. W. by Oneida and Skeiiandoa creeks. The v., inonrjiorated in 1S27, conlains an ac'adeiny, 3 churches, stores, mills, etc., and 1 bank, cap- ital $100. dOO. Xearthev., on Skenandoa creek, is an ex- tensive class factory. Fop. of v. about 750; of t. 3.093, Vernon, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. Columbus. Bounded E. by iVnnsylvaiiia. Drained S. by PyniMtnning creek flowing centrally through the t. Popu- lation S2S. Vernon, sta.. Crawford co., Oln'o: on Cincinnati, Clcve- lai'.d, and Columbus E. II., 75 m. from Cleveland, ISO m. from Cincinnati. Vernun. p. v.. and cap. Ilickman co., 7>«n. .■ on E. side of Pine cr., 45 m. W. S. Vi. Nashville. It contains the co. oflices, a church, dwellings, etc. Vf.bnon, p. V. and sta.. Windham tn.,Yenn. : on AV. side of Connecticut r.. 105 m. S. by E. Montpeiier. Surface of t. rough and monntainnus. Slate is quarried in the W. part. <_)ak and chestnut timber is abundant. The Brattleboro' Branch It. P. runs along the Connecticut r.. having stations at Vernon v. and South Vernon. Pop. of t. S'21. Vernon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., ^Vis<:, : 60 m. E. by S. M.adison. Pop. SS9. Vkrnon. p. o.. Washington co., FJoi\: on E. side of Holmes cr., "0 m. W. by N. Tallaiiassee. Vernon Centre, p. v., Oneida co., iV: T. : ^(j m.W. byN. Albany. Veroxa, t. and p. o., Dane co.. Wise. : on head branch of Sugar r., S m. S. W. Madison. Pop. 4:>S. Verona, p. v.. Boone co..K>/.: 40 m. N. Frankfort Verona, t. and p. v., Oneida county, 3^ 3'. ; lOG m. W. N. W. Alb-any. Surface generally level, with some swampy tracts ; soil rich mold, with some sand. Drained by Oneida and Wood creeks, which boimd it on tlie W. and N.. flowing into Oneida lake on its N.W. border. The Erie C:inal and Tlica and Syracuse B. R. pass through llio t. Th<- 1. contains numerous saw-mills, with several tanneries, and has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. in ISld, 4,504; inl«50. 5,56S. Verona DepAt, p. v. an'l ata.. Oneida county, 2^. T. : on Syracuse and Tlica R. E.,23m. from Utica, and by railroad lis m. from Albany. Verona Mills, p. o., Oneida co., N". Y. .■ 104 m.W. N.W. AU>any. Vf-rplank. p. V. and sta., Westchester connty, K Y. : on Hudscin Itiver R. R., 4"2 m. from New York, 102 m. from Albany. It has a good steamboat landing, with stores and dwellings, etc. Versailles, p. v.. Brown Co., lU. : N. E. of M'Kec's cr., 54 ra. W. Springfield. Versailles, p. v., and cap. Ripley co., Tnd. : on W. side of Laughery's cr., 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. The village is built upon a high bluff, and contains the county buildings, 66 VIC k . .. : with stores, etc. First settled in ISIS. The Cincinnati and St. Louis R. R. pusses through this place. The "Western Intelligencer" (.wbig) is issued weekly. The population (now about SOG) is rapidly increasing, with the general im- portance of the .place, Vehsailles, p. v., and cap. Woodford eo.. Kij.: 13 m. S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings. Versailli-s. p. v., and cap. Morgan county. Mn. : 37 in. W. S. W. Jelfei'son City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Pop. afiout Ciiit. Versailles, p. o,, Cattaraugus co., N, Y. : 274 m. W. Albany. Versaille.'!, p. v., Kulherford co., Tenn,: GO m. S. S. E. Nashville. VEitsrniiE, t. and p. v.. Orange county, Venn.: 24 ra. S. E. by S. Montpeiier. Drained by Ompompanoosuc r. Surface uneven and stony. The t. cont,aiu3 several saw and some other mills. Pop. 1,0T1. Vesper, p. o., Onondaga eo., JV Y. : 125 m.W.by N. Albany. Vestal, t. and p. v., Broome co., K Y. : on S. side of Susquehanna r.. 12G m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface uneven and broken. Drained by Choconut cr. and other streams flowing into the Susquehanna. This t. is very heavily tim- bered, and contains numerous saw-mills. Poj). of L in 1S40, 1.253; in 1S50, 2.054. Vesutr'S FrusACE, p. 0., Lincoln co., i^. Cur.: 152 m W. by S. Ralci^di. Veteran, t. and p. o., Chemung connty, K Y.: ICO m. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly; soil productive loam. Catharine's creek flows on its W. border, N. into Seneca lake, afi'ordiiig water-power. The i. contains several tan- neries: farming is the chief pm-suit. Pop. 2,69S. Veto, p. o., Washington co., CUdo : S4 m. S. E. by E Columbus. Probably John Tylersville. Vevat, p. v., and cap. Switzerland co., Iiul. : on the Ohio river, SS m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. Lat. 38° 46' N., long. 84^^ 50' W. This v. occupies part of tlie tract of land granted on credit by the United States in 1S02 to a colony of families from Switzerland for the cultivation of the vine. The colony soon received a large addition from Switzer- hmd. The v. was laid out in 1S13. It has one of the most l>lea.sant sites on the Ohio r. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores, etc. Many of the dwellings are neatly built of brick. The cultivation of the grape and manufacture of wine resembling claret is very extensively carried on. The " Palladium" (,ilera.) is here published, pop. about 1.500. ViAPi'CT, sta., Camliria county, Pe/in. : on Alleghany Portage E. E., 5 m. from Convmaugh, 2S m. from HoUi- daysburg. Vickert's Creek, p. o., Forsyth county^ Ga. : 103 m. N. W. Millcdgeville. ViCKSBURO, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Warren co., 3fiss.: on E. bank of Mississippi r., 41 m.W. byN. Jackson. It is principally built on a high bluff, 200 feet above high- water mark, l)ut thi^ more business part of the city is on the bottom, along the river. About 2} m. above the city are tho Walnut Hills, which rise to an elevation of 500 feet above tlie river, presenting very fine scenery. The city contains a court-house and jail, 1 large pnlilic school, scver.al private academies, and 5 churches. An orphan asylum is about to be established. The business interests of the city are chiefly commercial. Immense quantities of cotton are annually .sent from thb place to New Orleans and o'lhcr points on the Mississippi. There is an excellent harbor for steamboats, with very convenient landings. The surronnding country is remarkably fertile, having a black loamy soil, well adapted to the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, and grain. The Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. E. extends hence through Jackson, 46 m. to Brandon, 60 m.. and will ulti- mately form a link in the Alabama and Mississippi E. E. from Montgomery and Selma westward ; and Vicksburg will also be a starting point for one of the lines of railroad S81 VIC vm toward the Pacific, via Shreveport and Texas. The ton- nage of Vicksburg district on Snili .June, 1B50, was 460 tons, all of which was enrolled and licensed, perinanent, em- ployed in the coasting trade, and propelled by steam. During the year preceding it had no foreign commerce or ship-building. The newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of the "V. Sentinel'" (dem.) and the "V. Whig," each issuing tri-weekly and weekly editions. Vicksbtirg was incorpo- rated as a town in 1825, and as a city In 1836. Pop, in 1S50, 3,WS. VicKSTTLLE, p. 0., Southampton county, Virff. : 63 ni. S. by E. Richmond. Victor, t., p. v., and sta., Ontario counfy> 2^. V. : 192 m. "W. by N. Albany. Surface of t. rolling. Iiraincd in K. and S. E. parts by Mud cr. and branches. The t. contains nu- merous saw, grist, and flouring mills, with several manufac- turing establishments. The Kochester and Syracuse K. R. passes through the v., 20 ra. from Rochester, &4 m. from Sy- racuse. The V. is a thriving place, v/ilh about 350 Inhabit- ants. Pop. of t. 2.230. Victor, t. and p. o., Clinton county, Mich. : 13 m. N. E. Lansing. A farming township. Pop. 217. Victoria county, Ttw. Situate S. E., and contains S04 sq. m. Drained by Goiadalupe r., which passes through its western portion, and by GarcKas, Zarilla, and Casa Blanca creeks. Surface undulating and divtr;>ificd. A large por- tion is prairie, with timber intcrsi>ers(Mi ; soil very fertile and productive. Limestone is found. Farms S4 ; nianuf. 9 ; dwell. 327, and pop.— wh. 1,448, fr. col. 0, si, 571— total 2,019. Capital: Victoria 0. H. Victoria, p. c, Knox county, HI. : 87 miles N. by W. Springfield. Victoria, p. o., Daviess county, Mo. : 133 miles N. "W. Jefiferson City, Victoria, p, v., Bolivar co., JHss. : on E. bank of Mis- sissippi r., TOO m. N. N. W. Jackson. Victoria, p. v., and cap. Victoria co,, T>^. : on E. bank of Guadalupe r., 113 m. S. 8. E. Austin City. Lat. 2SO 56' 47" N.. anil fertile loam. Drained S. by Tiuughnioga r. The v. contains S chmrches, stores, etc Pop. of t. 2,410. YinciL, p. o., Fulton county, III.: W m. N. "W. by N. Springfield. THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. YinorNiA, perhaps, in natural resources, as well as in geographical position, one of the most important States of the Uninn. lies gencruUy between the latitudes 36° 3'/ and 39^43' north, au'l extends east and west between longitudes 75° 40' and 83° S3' west, and is bounded on the north hy Pennsylvania and Maryland, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay, on the south bv North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the west by Kentucky and Ohio. With the ex- ception of the long tongue of land between Pennsylvania and the Ohio Iliver, and the peninsular pn.jectiop between the Chesape.ake Buy and the ocean, the State has an average length of 355 miles, and a breadth of 21S miles, and comprises an area cnmpute5. . 9,193. . 502. . 10. .Appomattox Ewif.ii-d 2,39(1. .24,0^0. .1,364. . 16. .Liberty Brunswick. .*. . . 1,051. .l.'!,S94. . 665. . 4 .Lawreneo\iIle Buckinsrham.. . 1,002. .18.S37. . 616. . 5. .Buckingham Camiilifll . 3,-J03. .23.245. . 75S. .119. .Campbell Caroline . 1,451. .18.4.56. . 715. . 61. .Bowling Green Charlotle . 903. .13,9,55. . 563. . 6 .Chai*>tle Charles Cily . . . 4S6. . 5,200. . 199. . 6. .Charles Cily Clicsterflrl-J . . . . 1,757. .17.4^9. . 664. . 30. . Cheslerfleld' Culpepper . . . . . 1,0S4. .12.252. . 504. . 53. . Culpepper Ciimberlaiul . . . 640. . 9,751. . 893. . 9. . Cumberland Diiiwiiltlie 2,745. 25,118. . 703. . 71. .Dinwiddle F.lizabelhCity. . 4S6. . 4,.5S0. . 173. . 12. . Hampton Essex 725. 10.206. 328. . 17. .Tappahaunock Fairfax . 1..3SI1. .10,6^2. . 610. . 8. .Fairfax Fauquier . 1,6.39. .20,568. . 8S9. . 62. .Warrenton Fluvanna . 873. . 9,4,S7. . 454. . 61. .Palmyra Franklin 2,024. .17,480. 1.299. . 47. . Kocky Mount Gloucester.... 1,000. 10,527 . 573. . 63 . Gloucester Goochland . 876. .10,.853. . 405. . 49. .Goochland Greene . 494 . 4,400 . 301. . 24 .Stannartlsville Greenville . SS5 , 5.639 . 242. . 3 Ilicksford Ilaliras . 2,152. .2.5,902. .1,309. . 21. .Halifax Uanover . 1,.327. 16,1.58. 603. 32. Hanover Henrico . 5,317. .43,572. . 454. .230. .RICHMOND Henry . 936. . 8.872. . 528. . 41. .Marlinsville Isle of ■Wighl. . 1,200. . 9..353. . 629. . 13. .Smithfleld •Tames Cily . . . . S96. . 4.020. 129. 0. ■Williamsburg Kins George.. . 626. . 5,971. . 279. 8. King George King William. . 625. . 8,779. . 3S3. . 10. .King William Westers Viesin Cfiumt^fl. nw,>ii. P^P. Farma in cull. m«n.,( E.Ub Capitalfl. Alleghany .... . 464. . S..M5. . 216. 11. Covington Autruala . 8,207. .24.610. .1,264. 181. Staunton Barbour. . .. . 1,407. . 9.005. 1,075. 0. rhilippa lA — 69 counties. Counties, Dwell. King & Queen. 892. Lanca.ster. 426 Loudon 2,S:M. Louisa 1,254. Ltmenburg 820. Madison 627. Mathews 711. Mecklenburg .. l,5l>0 Middlesex 401. Nansemond ... 1,.523. Nelson 1,217. New Kent 535. Norfolk 3,906. N•«'■■ .10,819, . 602. . 6. .King&Q.C.H . 4,708. . 299. . 4 .Lancaster .22,079. .1,256. .139 .Leesburg .16.691. . 838. . 22 .Louisa .11.692. . 548. . 13 .Lunenburg . 9.331. . 513. . 38 .Madison . 6.714. . 393. . 8 , Matiiews .20,6.30. . 606. . 25 .Boyillown . 4.394. . 280. . 14 . Urbanna .12,283. . 731. . 82 .Suffolk .12.7.55. . 683. . 70 .Livingston . 0,064. . 313. 12. .New Kent ( Norfolk and .33,036. . OlS. 75. ■/ PiirlsmoulU . 7,493. . 371. . 11 .Eastville . 7,346. . 493. . 3. .Norlbumberl'd . 8,437, . 843. . 17. .Nottoway .10,067. . 335. 48. . Orange . 9.6119. . 74S. 27. .Patrick .23,796. 1,524. 109. .Competition . 8.173. . 812. 0. .Scotteville .11.557. 421. S6. .Trinee Edward . 7,596. 312. 0. .Prince George . 7.669. . 712. 8. .Princejw Anne . 8,129. 679. 23. .Brentsville 9.732. 473. 84. .Washington 6,443. 836. 4. .Warsaw .13.521. 732. 6. .-Ternsalera .14,510. 429. 15. .Spoitsylvania . 8,044 860. 14. .Stafford . 5.679. 301. 5. .Surry . 9,320. 472. 23. .Su.ssex 1,640. 91.. 0. Warwick 8.OS0. 448. 6. Westmoreland . 4,460. 101. 0. .Torktown P(,p. Farm. Ill lull. fS' '="r"«". . 8.426. 201. 17. Bath .11,771. 570. 81. .MartinsbuiTg . 3,237. 801. 8. Boooo 685 TIRGINIA. Counties. BwelJ. Pop. Botetourt 1,808.. 14,908 Braxton 679.. 4,212 Brooke 839 , Cabell 976. Carroll 996. Ctarke 636. Doddridge 52.5. Fayette 593. Floyd 987. Frederick 3,325. Giles 919. Ciilmer 571. 1,001. 1,419. 2,035. 690. 1,327. Grayson . . . Greenbrier Hampshire Hancock . . Hardy Harrison . . Highland 651, Jackson I,(i34 Jefferson 1,960 Kanawha 2,110, Lee 1,636 Lewis 1,533 Logan 572. Marion 1.7S6. MarshaU 1,663. Mason 1,151 Mercer 655 Monongalia 2,124 . 5,054.. , 6,299.. , 5.909.. . 7,352.. , 2,750.. , 3.955.. . 6,458.. 16,975 , 6,570 . 3,475.. , 6,677.. 10,022.. in c„lt, E.lab. '^"l"'""- 3S..Fincastlo 10..Br,-;,:on , 29..AVtlls;>urj SS.. Cabell 11.. Carroll C. H. 712. 493. 115. 271.. 48..Berryville. 240.. 428.. 444.. 1,055. . 5.39.. 825.. 604.. 603.. 1-1,0.36.. 1,063 4,050. 9,543. 806.. 26 723.. 49 1,866.. 11,728..] . 4,217.. . 6,644.. .15,357.. .15,353.. .10,267.. .10.031.. . 3,620.. ,11,552.. .10,1.38.. . 7.539.. . 4,222.. .12,387.. 602. 447. 777. 595. 878. 469. 904. 847. 503. 472. 727. 2.. West Union 7..rayelteTme 16.. Floyd 89. .'Winchester 0.. Giles 2..Glenvillo 0. .Greenville CLewisburg 57..Komney Hancock. Moorcfield 34..Clarkesbuig 7..Montemy Itipley Charlestown Kanawha Jouesville Weston Logan Fairmount 19.. Marshall 9. .Point Pleasant 2.. Princeton. 57. .Morjjantown . 16. ,165. 110. , 5. , 27. 0. 44. Monroe 1,576. .10,204.. 910.. 30. .Union Counties. Dwell, Top. Montgomery... 1,121.. 8,869 Morgan 606. ^'ichola3 Ci12. Ohio 8,097. Page 1,089. Pendleton 891. Pocahontas 558 . Pnston 1,604. Pulaski 585. I'lilnam 788. Kalcigh 296. Randolph 844. Eitchie 649. Itoanoke 925. Kockbridge 1,908. Eoekingham .. 8,047. Eussell 1,7S6. Scott 1.523. Shenandoah ... 2,143. Smylh 1,146. Taylor 813. T.TZewell 1,449. Tyler 949. Warren 828.. 6,607 Washington ... 2,187 Wayne 749. Wetzel 716, Wirt 523 Wood 1,654. Wyoming 248, Wythe 1,631 800 418. 876 626. 693, .353. 1,019, 801, 455 216, 879, 385. 40.1 666 8,557. 8,963. ,18.006. 7,600. 5,795. 8,598. 11.708. 5,115.. . 5,.385.. , 1,765.. , 5,243.. 8,902.. 8,477.. ,16,045.. 20.294. .1,213 ,11,919.. 942 9,329. .1.3,763. 8,162.. 6,.367.. 9,942.. 6,498.. 14,612.. 1,143 4,760.. 473, 4,284. . 3.353.. 9,450.. 1,645.. 12,024.. in.H.lL Eslnb. Capitals. . 546.. CChristiansbur^ 9.. Berkley Spr'gs l..Nichii!asC.H. 143.. Wheeling 28..Lur.ay 56.. Franklin 14. .IIuntersvilTe 5. .Kingswood 19. .Newbem 21.. Putnam O..Ealeigh . . Beverly 8..Eilehie E., Salem 57. .Lexington 167.. Harrisonburg 14. .Lebanon 614.. 82..Esiniville 554.. 7.. Woodstock 460.. 22. .Marion 619.. 19..Primlytown 726.. 12.. Tazewell 417.. 15. .MiddlebMime 897.. 84.. Front Eoyal 112. .Abingdon 9.. Wayne 423.. S.. Wetzel 809.. 7. .Wirt 640.. 2-:..Parkcrsburg 183.. 0. .Wyoming 668.. 22..Wytheville The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date was, 165.815; of families, 167,530; and of inhabilanis, 1,421.661 ; viz., whites S96.304— males 451,552, and females 443,752 ; fr. cnl. 53,829— males 25,843, and females 27,986, and • si. 472,528. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumli—yih. 581, IV. col. 18, si. 112— tol.al 711 ; blind— vih. 536, fr. col. 121, si. 339- total 996 ; !)isu7jlorett Persona. Decennial Increase. Census Wtiite . ^ , Total , , Years. Persons. Free. Slnfe Toial, Popi.lstion. Nnmeri.al, i'er cent. 1790 443,115 12,766 29.3,427 306,193 748,308 — — 1800 514,280 20,124 846,796 365,920. . .. 1810 551.534 80,570 892,518 43-3.033. . . . 1S20 ...f.. . .61)3,087 87,189 425.153 462.292. . . . 1S80 694,800 47,343 469.757 817.105.... 1810 710.953 49,852 448,937 498,839.... . . . 830,200 181.892 17.6 ... 974.622 94,422 10.7 ...1,065,379 90,757 9.8 . . .1.211.405 146.026 18.T ...1.239.797 28.392 2.8 . . .1,421,061 131.864 14.6 1850 895,304 53.829 472.523 526.357. The aggregate statistics of the resources, wealth, productirms, manufactures, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1850, and other official returns referring to the same period of lime, are as exhibited in the following summ.ary : Occupied Landa, etc. — Improved farm lands, 10,861.155 acres, and uninipmved huul.s, 15,792,176 acres — valued in caslj at $216,401,441. The whole number of farms uiuier cnliivalion on the 1st .tunc, 18.50, was 77,013— in the Eastern District 87,741, and in the Western District 89.272. Value of fanning iinplement.s and niachiuery. $7,021,772. Zive-Stock.—UoTBes, 272,408 ; asses and mules, 21 ,4S0 ; milch cows, 317,61 9 ; working-oxen, 89.513 ; other cattle, 669,187 ; sheep, 1,.310,"04; and swine, 1,830,743. The live-stock ol 1340, and the comparison of that with the live-stock of 1850, exhibit the following results ; , Desi-riptio Horses. ... Asses and Mules Milch Cows Working Oxen J. 1,024,148 Other Cattle Sheep 1,293,772 Swine 1,992.1,55 \ 826,433 head \ 272,40-8 head I I 21,450 " i\Inrement. ...deer. 82,555 head, or 9.9 per cent [■1,0' —in 1850, the total value of live-stock was estimated at $83,656,6 817.619 89,613 669,13: 1,SM.004 1,880,743 j 817.619 " J -j 89,613 '• V I 669,137 " ) .incr. 62,121 incr. 16,2.32 dew. 161.412 or 6.1 or 8. VIRGINIA. ilea 1 ,nii,S09 " or 69.7 ilK'l . CTf,,T23 " or 1.9 dec, S,272,(11T " or 34.3 (Ji'cr 61.9OT " or 70.9 dea 2S,9.>4 " or 11.3 i'/w/«cfeo/'.fIni/ni/t«.— Wool, 2,3G0,Ti'«pramil3; butter, ll,n39,.359 pounds; cheese, 438,293 pounds; and tlu' value of animals slaughtered during the year was $7,o03,(l()6. The wool crop accounted for in the census of 1S4U amounted to 2,5:33,374 pounds ; and henco the incretise iu the crop of 1350 was .".22,391 pounds, or in the ratio of 12.7 per ct^ulum. In 1340, tlje average clip per fleece was 31.4 onn.fs, ;ud in 155:'. .' ■-'lucc. : ir^kin; an increase in 1350 of 3.9 ounces per fleece, or 12.4 per centum. Gram Crops.— 'Wheal, 11,232,610 liuahels ; rye, 453,930 busliels ; Indian corn, 86.254.319 bushels ; oats, 10,179.045 Ijushols ; barley, 25,437 bushels; and buckwheat, 214,898 bushels. The several yields compared with those returned in the census of 1340 give the following results : Criiiig. 1^40. IS.W. rj„reini?rit. Wheat 10,109.716 bushels 11,232,016 bushels inrr. 1,122,900 bushels, or 11.1 per cent. Eye 1.432,799 " 45S.930 " Indian corn 34,.577..591 " 3.5,2.54,319 " Oats 13,451,002 " 10,179.04.5 " llarley 37,430 " 2.5,437 " Buckwheat 243,322 " 214,393 " OtJier Food t>o/>s.— Rice, 17,154 (in 1340,2,590) pounds; peas and beans, 521.531 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 1.310,933 bushels, and sweet. 1,313,671 bushels. The potato crop of the census of 1340 amounted to 2,944,660 bushel.t, and hence the increase in 1350 is 135,944 bushels, or at the rate of 6.3 per centum. Miscfltaneons Crops.— Tobacco, 56,803,213 pounds ; cotton, 8.947 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 809,098 tons ; clover-seed, 29,727 bushels; other grass seed, 23,428 bushels; hops, 11,506 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted 90 tons, and water-rotted 51 tons; flax, 999,450 pounds; flax-seed, 52,313 bushels; silk cocoons, 517 pounds; maple-sugar. 1,227,605 pomids; molasses, 40.322 gallons; beeswax and honey, 330,767 pounds; wine, 5,403 gallons, etc. The value of orchard produces ;f 177, 137 and of market-garden products $133,047. The principal crops exhibited iu the censuses of 1340 and 1350 are cojnparalively as follows : Cr.ips. 1S40. IS.in. M'lvem.TLt. Tobacco T5..347,106 pounds 60,303.213 pounds 'ifcr. 1S.533.8SS pounde, or 24.0 percent. Cotton 8,494.433 " 1,673,800 " dei;r. 1,916,6^3 " ur 51.3 " Hay 364.7081 tons 809,093 tons i:u'r. 4,390^ tons or 1.2 " Hops 10,597 pounds 11,600 pounds htcr. 9o9 pounds, or 8.0 " Ileiilp — dow-rotled... I ( 90 tons i " water-rotted... V 25,594i tons < .57 " W/av. 50,015,720 " or 97.7 " Flax 1 ( 999,450 pounds ' Silk cocoons 8.191 pounds 517 " deer. 2,674 " or 33.9 » JIaple-sugar 1,641.333 " 1,227.065 " d.cr. 814,103 " or 20.3 " Wino 13,911 gallons 5,403 gallons tfcir. 3,503 gallons or 01.1 " '* The correctness of the returns as to hemp, in the seventh census, has not yet been perfectly verified. Tliere has been some doubt, whether, in a number of instances, the marshals have not written torn where they meant poitivh. (Has not the reporter in this instance written tmis where iiE meant poumls, and rice versa?— S.i. of Gaz.). If however, the returns are allowed to stand without reduction, it would appear that the cultivation of hemp or flax has materially changed since 1340. In the returns of that year as stated above, both of these articles were included under the same head. In 1340, those of Virginia gave 25,594 Ions of Iiemp and flax together. In 1300, only 141 tons of hemp, and 500 tons of flax were returned. Such a falling off would amount to almost an abandonment of the culture of hemp in that Slate, which there is no reason to suppose has taken phace."— y?-'/)oc( o/.S>iperi,itentleiit of Me Cemns, Dec. \st., 1352. llmne-mruie Mtiniifiutures were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1350. to the value of $2,156,312. The same description of manufactures returned in the census of 1340 were valued at $2,441,072. .V„}iiitacliires.—Tula\ capital invested, $00,ooo.oOO; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $00,000,000 ; average number of hands employed 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor $000,000— male $000,000, and female $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the year, $00,000,000. The whole lUiulber of manufacturing establishments in operation on the 1st June, 1360, and producing to the value of $600 and upward annually, was 4,433— in the Eastern District 2.293, and in the Western Dislricl 2,140, and these were distributed to the several counties as exhibited in the general table. Of the whole number 27 were cotton factories; 121 woolen factories; 122 iron manufactories— 29 making pig iron, 64 making castings, and 39 making wrought iron ; 341 tanneries, etc. The total capital invested in manufactures, in the year re|)resenled in the census of IStO, amounted to $11,300,361. In the manufacture of cotton good,), the capitnl employed is $1,908,900; cottcm consumed 17,735 bales, and coal 4,305 tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $82<.S76 ; h.inrls employed 2,963— males 1,276, and females 1,03,3 ; monthly cost of labor, $24,774— male $12,933, and female $11,791 ; products r.f the year— sheeting. 15.640,107 yards, and yarn 1.755.915 pounds, valued at $1,430,3^4. In 1,840 there were in the Slate 22 cotton mills, and I dyeing and printing csfiblishment, together employing 1,316 hands, and a capital of $1,299,020, and producing in the year, goods lo the value of $440.06.3. Iu the manufacture of woolen. good,und8, and coal 857 tons, valued together at $483,399; hands employed 6.53— males 473, and fem,ales 190 ; monthly cost of labor $10,671— to males $3,638, and to females $1,333; products of the year— cloth 2,037.025 yards, ant Ir..n. 471,160 Wrtniglit Iron. 791,211 Total. 1,776,171 -67,319 7,114.... 17.296 24.410 2,500 2,500 206 ... . 205 39.933 l,3ii,i:ioD 7.3.73 71 .C'.'O . . . . 06 615 111 375 103.000 .. . 1.4n>,600 es7 VIRGINIA. Spenfications. Value of all raw material, etc dvUnrs .. Hands employed — male number. . " '* female " Monthly cost of labor dollars . . Iron produced tmi^ Value of year's products dolUirs . . I'lg Ir.in. 16S.3(lT 1,115 . 14 . 14,328 . 22,163 . Wrouglit Iron, Cast Iron, Total. ... 297,014 591.443 1,046.769 810 . 9 . 16,312 . 5,o77 , 80,469 . 15,328 . 8,220 23 C1.109 43,063 2,451,835 621,924 674,410 1,254,995 — in 1S40, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the preceding year had produced 18,310J Urns of cast iron, and 52 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, wJiich had produced 5,886 ions of bar iron. The tannirifn employ a capital of itOTO.OSS; hands employed 906— males 900, and females 6; monthly cost of labor $13,705— male .$13,648, and female $02; sides of leather tanned 878,400, and skins tanned 74,673, logtlher valued at $894,876. In 1S40 there were in the State, 660 tanneries employing 1,422 hands, and a capital amounting I.) ^838,141 ; and which had produced during the preceding year, 135,782 sides of sole leather, and 206,216 sides of upper leather. The capital invested in the manufacture otmtili and spirituous liquors amounts to ^lOfl.915. Quanlilies and kinds of grain, etc., consumed— barley 20,000 bushels, corn 250,700 bushels, rye 62,680 bushels, oats 450 bushels, and hojis 14 tons ; bands employed 123; quantities of liquor produced— ale, etc., 5,500 barrels, and whisky, etn, 879,440 gallons. In the census year IS-iO, Virginia had 1,454 distilleries, producin.g in the year 866,725 gallons, and 5 breweries, producing 32,960 gallons; hands employed 1,631, and capital invested $187,212. The manufactures, others than the al)ove specified, consist of a great variety of important productions, as machinery of all kinds, carriages, harness, etc., and Virginia has also a large number of merchant and other mills. As a flour-pro- ducing State it stands first in its brands, and is only behind one or two other States in the extent of production. It has jdso large and valuable tobacco manufactories. Foretyn Convmerce. — Virginia, in respect of foreign commerce, holds a seventh or eighth rank among the Slates of the Union. According to the official returns for the year ending 80th June, 1850, the value of its exj)0rt8 to foreign countries amounted to $3,415,646, and of its imports to $426,599. This would indicate that the great bulk of its com- mercial material ia carried to the ports of other States for exportation, and the foreign merchandise consumed within the Statels brought through the same channels. That such is the case is well known, and hence we find that the co.isting trade is unusually extensive, chiefly carried on by the shipping of northern ports. This was not always so, for at one time Virginia stood at the head of the commercial States, and its shipping held the same rank in foreign ports as that now occupied by the mercarKilo marine of New York. Of the total exports in 1S50, $3,413,158 was the value of dornesiie products, and of these to the value of $2,365,241 was shipped in American and $1,047,917 in foreign vessels— the re- mainder of the aggregate value ($2,488) was foreign produce re-shipped in American ves.scls. Of the imports $172,878 was the value of merchandise lamled from American and $253,721 from foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the' carrying trade consisted as follows ; * Entered. Cleared. Tiit,,). Kationality of t ' v ■ ' \ . ' — ^ ehipping. Vessels, Tons, Crews. Vesaeis. Tuns, Crews, Vessels American 69 12,190 864 187 42,091 1,710 256 . Foreign 88 18,775 S2S 93 28.367 956 186 Tons, Cr..ws. . 64.231 2,274 . 42,142 1,784 Total 15T 80,965 1,393 . Alexandria 59 10.638 442 . , 14,281 8,617 . 1,811 . 718 . 6,84 131 . 76 , 42 . 285 . ■ 64. 140 . .... 5 . 69 . .... 7. 65,458 2,664 442 . 11,.6S4 474 123. 26.766 1,163 214 . 1,946 63 14. 24.321 90S 77 26,132 9S1 S92 44 14 1,610 86 Norfolk 74 Fctensburg 9 Eichmond 8 Tappahannock. .. 7 The shipping owned in the several districts of the State in 1850. amounted to 74,071 tons; of this 18.043 tons was "registered" shipping— 7,092 permanent, and 10,591 temporary; 52,535 tons was "enrolled and licensed''- 61,514 tons permanent, and 1,021 temporary; and 3,493 tons was "licensed under 20 tons." The tonnage of the districts was !is follows— Alexandria, S,73S tons ; Norfolk, 24,1.35 tons ; Petersburg, 2,708 tons ; Eichmond, 8,458 tons ; Torktown, 4,807 tons; Tappahannock, 5,824 tons; Accomac, 4,083 tons; East Itiver. 4,869 tons; Teocomico, 8,284 tons; Cherrystone 1,232 tons, and Wheeling, 6,9.34 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, all of which is emjdoyed in the coasting and river trade, 8,726 tons are navigated hyiBteam-power- in the Atlantic districts, 2,792 ton.s, and in Wheeling district, on Ohio Kiver, 5,934 tons. Within the year specified there wore built in the State— 1 ship. 1 brig, 27 schooners, and 5 steamers— total, 84 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 8,6S4 tons. The serial statistics of the foreign commerce from 1791 to 1860, arc comprised in the following table : Year. Exports. 1791 $3,130,865 1792 8,652,825 1798 2,987,093 1794 8,.321,686 1795 8,490,041 1796 5,268.655 1797 4.908,713 1793 6,118,461 1799 6,292,986 1800 4,480,689 1801 5,655.674 1802 8,978,368 1S03 6,100,708 1804 5,790,001 1605 5,606,020 Imports. Year. Exports, 1806 $5,0.66,396 . . 1807 4,761,234 . . 1803 626,478.. 1,S09 2,894,125 . ISIO 4,822,611 .. ISU 4,822.307 .. 1812 8.091,112 .. 1813 1,819.722 .. 1814 17,.6S1 .. 1815 6,676.076 .. 1816 8,212,500 .. 1S17 6,628.443 .. 1813 7,016.246.. 1819 4.392,.321 .. 1820 4,567,957 ... IinporU. ^s^T, Exports. Imports. 1S'21 $8,079,209 $1,078,490 1823 8,217,389 864.162 1823 4,006,783 681,810 l!-24 8,277,664 639,787 1 825 4,129,520 658,662 1826 4,596,732 6.35.43S 1S27 1823 . 1829 . 1S30 . 1581 . 1582 . 1838 , 1S34 . 4.657,938 481.765 8,340.185 875,288 3.787,481 895..S.i2 4,791,641 406.T.39 4,151.475 4S.S.622 4,510.650 558,6.3» 4,467.587 69il,391 5,409.'M0 837.325 1S35 6,064,068. 691,',i55 VIRGINIA. Tenr. Exixirts. 1S36 $C.W'i(l4l1 , 183T 8,7(I2,7U . 1S3S 3,9SC.22S . 1S39 — 1S40 4,778,220 . ijiorts. .$1,10G.SU . 813,802 . 677,142 . 545,CS5 Year. E-Tpoitg. InT|i,.rn 1811 $5,0311.286 $877,237 1S42 3,7.50,3^6 31 C,7ll5 1843 l,9f)7,lC5 l«7,iiC2 1 844 2.042.271) 2r.7.(»4 1845 2,104,581 207,053 Exports. . $3..J21).209 . 5.058.S74 . 8.0S1.413 . 3,373,738 . 1S50 3,415,040 . ISJO 1847 1S4S 18-19 Ini porta. $21.19,004 880,127 215,051 241,935 420.,M9 Intenud Coiniminicatimi^ etc. — The railro.ids and o.ina)s of Yirginia, which are among the most mai^nifioent worlds of the kind in tlio Union, extend ponerally from the Atlaiilic ports to the West, and aro conlinueil tliroiia:li Oiiio, Ken- tucky, and Tennessee, to idl the chief places in the norlh-^vest, west, and sonth-west. Alexandria, Richmond, and Norfolk are tin- initial points on Itie Atlantic ; from Alexandria diverge the Orange and -Alexandria Kailroad and' the Manasiias Gap K. 11.— the one directed toward (lordonville, nhire it joins the Central road, and the nlher crossing the first mountain.?, and passing down llie valley to Ilarrisburg and Statinton, there Ulntes with the same line ; the Central Kailroad, starling at Itichmonil, passes through Gordonsville, Staunton, etc., to Covington, and there unites with the Covington and Ohio liaiiroad, extending westward to Point Pleasant, on the Ohio, there uniting with tie* (7hio system, and to the mouth of Big Sandy Itiver, where it joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexington, and Louisville, and through Ihem connects with the lines stretching to the north and toward Nashville and New Orleans, and fr.im Norfolk and Petersburg a line extends through the southern counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued to Knox\ ille, conneeting at that point with numerous lines directed to every im])ortant central station in the south-west. etc. These railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, and will carry to and from the seaboard an immense com- mercial material. They will also be the means of reviving the general commerce of the State, and of furnishing an outlet at Virginian i)orl9 for much of the jiroduce of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, which now firuls its way to nnjre northern markets. In the north-west several lines are lieing built to connect the systems of Pennsylvania and Maryland with those of Ohio and the West, and of these the North-western Eailroad is, perhaps, the most imp'irhint, as it will furnish the shortest route from Cincinnati to Baltimore. In the south-east the Seaboard and Uoanoke Kailroad furnishes an important route from the seaboard into North Carolina. The great southern line of railroads also passes through Yirginia, having Fredericksburg, Itiehmond, and Petersburg in its route, and being continued south and soulti-wes[ !o "Wilmington, Columbia, etc. This is the route of the great southern mail. There are, besides these, numerous sliort*ines, branches, etc., diverging from the main lines to several important points. The whole extent of completed rtiilroad Id the Stale on the 1st January, 1803, was 624 miles, and about 800 miles more were in course of construction. The camils of Virginia are — the James River and Kanawha Canal, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and the Alexandria Canal. The Rallintore and Ohio Canal, though in Maryland, is to all intents and purposes as nmch a canal of Virginia as of that State, being only separated from it by the channel of the Potomac River. The Alexandria Canal, which is a continuation of the Baltimore and Ohio Canal, from Georgetown to Alexandria, is 7i miles long, and is carried over the Potomac on a splendid aqueduct. The James River and Kanawha Canal, second only in extent and import.-ince to the Erie Canal of New York, is carried through the v.alley of James River, and is now complete to Balcony Falls, from which point it will be continued along the valley of Kanawha River to the Ohio. This great work has been of v.-ist advantage to the interior of Yirginia, and on an average transports ahout $12,000,000 valualion of merchauilise " Without the Krie Canal," says Governor Floyd, " the city of New York would have been second still to Philadelphia. Great as the advantages of this work unquestionably are, those of the James I'.iver and Kanawha Canal are vni'lnubtt'dly superior. It possesses the striking advantage of lying live degrees south of the great northern work, and is Iherel'-Te free from the ice which obstrucLs the navigation there for so large a portion of the year. It touches the Ohio Itiver tar south of any water communication from the Atlantic whatever, and at a point south of which there can be across the country no other water connection. It will command all the trade of a great part of Ohio, Kentucky. Indiana, lliin-iis, and Missouri, and most probably those regions lying still higher up toward the sources of the Missouri aOer that period it is unsafe to sen-l procars, and none but qualified voters are eligible for election. Persons holding lucrative oflBces, ministers of the Gn-.; I, salaried officers of banks, and attorneys of the Commonwealth are ineligible. Any elective ofllci-r removing from his district vacates his ofiice. In 1S65, and decennially thereafter, there shall be a re-apportionment. The sessions of the Legislature commence on the second Monday of January biennially, and continue not more than 90 days, unless a prolongation be concurred in by three-fifths of all the members, nor in any case shall a session be extended beyond tUe onlinary term for more thau 30'days. Bills may originate or be amended in either house. The erecutiv^ power is vested in a Governor, elected by tlie people fur fonr years, commencing from the 1st January succeeding election. The governor is inehgible for any other office during his term, and can.be elected fur two succes- sive terms. He must be 30 years of age, a native citizen of the Unite*^! Slates, and for 5 years a citizen of the State. He must reside at the seat of government A Lieutenant-governor, with like qualifications, etc., ia elected i^\r a like terra, and is the constitutional successor of the governor in case of death or disabiUty ; he is also esi-officio president of the Senate. The principal administrative officers are — a Secretary of the Commonwealth, a Treasurer, and an Auditor of Public Accounts. These are elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for two years. For the purpose of electing the Board of Public Works, the State is divided into three districts, each of which shall elect one commissioner. Their term is six years, and they are so classified that one of their number shall retire every two years. The General Assembly by a three-fiilhs vote may abolish the board. The Jiidiciiirij is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, District Courts, and Circuit Courts. In each circuit (21 in number), a judge is elected by the voters for the term of eight years, and who holds two circuit courts in the counties of his circuit annually. In each district (10 in number), a district court is held by the judges of the circuits constituting the District, and the Judge of the Supreme Court for the Section, any three of whom may hold a court Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals are also elected by the voters for 12 years, each section (5 in number), electing 1 Judge. The 5 juilges so elected constitute the Supreme Court, any three of whom may hold a circuit It has jurisdiction only where the natter in controversy is not less in value than $500, except in certain specified cases. Special Courts of Appeal may be organized. Circuit Judges must not be less than SO, nor Supreme Court Judges less than 85 years of age, and no election for judges shall be held within 30 days of the time of holding the election for President, for Congressmen, or for members of the State Legislature, Officers of the Supreme and District Courts are appointed by the Judges thereof; but Clerks of Circuits are elected by the voters for six years. "When a Governor is elected, an Attorney-general is alsJi elected for the term of four years. County Courts are held monthly by not less than three, nor more than five Justices. Each county is divided into dis- tricts, and each district elects 4 Justices for the terra of 4 years. The Justices so elected choose one of their own body to altend each term of the Court, and classify the rest for the performance of their duties. The voters of each county t-leci also a Clerk of the County Court, and a Surveyor, for 6 years, an Attorney of the Coramonweallh for 4 years, and a Sheriff, and Commissioner of the Eeveime, for 2 years. Constables and overseers of the poor are elected by the voters. Among the inUcellaneons'provmoiis of the constitution are the following: tlie writ of habeas corpm shall not be sus- pended, nor shall any bill of attainder be passed, nor any ex-post-fa^to \ny( ^ nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or taking private property without just compensation, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or establishing any religion, or prescribing any religious test, or conferring any privileges or advantages on any one sect or denomination ; no law shall embrace more than one object, and when amended, shall be reenacted at length ; provision may be made,renderingineligiblo for office those who flghtorare engaged in a duel; the Senate shall try impeachments made by the House, and may sit for this purpose during recess ; slaves hereafter emancipated shall forfeit their fri*edom by remaining in the Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be imposed upon emancipation, but the General Assembly shall not emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by removal or otherwise ; yeas and nays shall be taken on all tax and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be released fronj its liability to tlie State, nor sliall the faith of the State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent of the State debt existing. 1st January, 1852, shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall be contracted for a longer period than 34 years ; whenever a debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually for 34 years, a sum exceeding by one per cent, the aggregate amount of the annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of its contraction, which sum ehall he a part of the sinking fund ; slocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the proceeds must be applied to the payment of the public debt ; no charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church property may be granted to a limited extent; no lottery shall be authorized, and the buying and selling of tickets shall be prohibited; no new county shall be formed wilh an area less than 600 square miles; powers shall be conferred on the Courts exclusively to grant divorce.*, to change the names of persons, and direct the sale of infants' estates; there shall be a perio.Iical regis- tration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deallis, annually ; a census shall be taken every five years atlcr the national census. Fedf'ral liepreae^tatirm.—Xti accordance with the act of 2Sd May, 1S53, Virginia elects thirteen- representatives to tlie Congress of tlie United States. Tlie militia force of the State, in 1S51. consisted of 125,123 men of all arms, of which nimiber G,404 were commissioned officers, and llS,fi34 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers .32 were general officers, G6 general staff-offlrers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., and 4,973 company officers. All white persons between the ages of IS and 45 arc subject to militiry duty. The principal benevolent institutions of the State are the Lunatic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institutions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropriations. PitUic Financefi. f/c— The aggregate debt of Virginia, on the Ist April, 1S51, was as follows: R<'Volutionary War debt (6 p. c), $24,039 17 ; war debt of 1S12 (7 p. c), $319,000 ; internal improvement debt (6 p. C), $9,364,910 i'4 ; internal improvement debt (5 p. c), $1,065,600; internal improvement debt (51 p. c), $25,300; debt fur subscription to banks, $450,107— total debt, $11,24S,962 21 ; but of this there was held by State agents, under the control of the Legislature— by Literary Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,912 41, or in .ill $1,501,515 91, leaving an actual out^ standing debt of $9,747.-143 30. The State ia also liable conditionally for guaranteed bonds for inl'rn.al improvementa $8,947,594. The Stale holds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due— productive of $7,000,565 48, and— nr.t nowpro- S90 VIRGINIA. ductive, $6,052,266 53 ; total $13,112,So2 11. Tlio valiiatiou uf property, real an'l pcrsDrial. asSLSScd tor laxalion, in 1S50, amoutited to $3Sl,876,66l). The valuuliou of thu same, according to the U. S. census of that year, was .t iyii,Tul,U52. The valuation for taxes in May, lSo2, amounted to $415,542,189 70, being an increase of over $34,OUU,000 in two years, and it ■was estimated that there was other i)roperty not taxed to the value of $50,00o,lju0. The chief sources of income for tlie year were as follows : ordiuary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09 ; dividenils on bank stock, $256,542 94; bonus on banti dividends, $46,093 80; internal improvements. $64,02t> ; interest on loans V> internal improvement companies, $90,771 61 ; militui fines $13,509 76 ; annuity from Old .James Kiver Company, $2l,liot> ; I'lans oblainetl to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,23^.395 19 ; temporary loans, $100.oi:o; \Vatliinglon Monument Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of arlicles made at the IVniteiitinry $ll.ooi). The expend iturfs were as follow : expenses of General Assembly, $103,S67 25: oflicers of government, $93,647 45; criminal charges, $39..554 62; e«ir>- tingent expenses of Courts, $32,931 65; militia, $19,»44 55 ; Virginia iJihtary InstOule, $20,710; jiublic guard at Itieh- mtind, $21,340 IS ; comm. of revenue, $32,106 90 ; lunatics and lunatic a.sylums, $l'iij,3yo 71 ; deaf and duinh, and blind asylums, $IS,901 29; interest on public debt, $659,634 47; contingent fund, $16,672 40; jiuhlic rnad-s $5,001 50; gener.il ai>propriations, $27,162 02; revision of laws, $2'1,S01; penitentiary, $27,502 84; redcmplion of public debt, $2:J9,50« ; advance lo Loard of Public 'Works, $197,000; Washington monument, $29,860 25; dividends to stockholders of DM -James River Company, $20,895; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriptions to internal improvement companies out of loans received, $1,1S5,.')27 29 ; primary schools. $45,674 03 ; and annuily to University of Virginia, $150,000. Educutiimal SUUistics. — The number of schools rcport^-d in 126 counties and towns, for the year 1S50-51, was 3.904, and the number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,655 liad attended schtjols during the year. Amount expen.led IV»r tuition, including books, compensatiuli of officers, and all other expenses $6S,135 93. Average actual atlendaucc of t ach child at common schools, 52J days. Average cost per annum of each scholar, $2 15. The permanent cajtital of tin* Literary Fund amounted, on the 1st fH'lober, 1S50, to $1.5;J3,710 82; and the revenue derived therefrom, for the year, amounted to $97.SS3 66. Academies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all the cities and towns, and many of these are institutions of favorable reputalioti. Tlie statistics of the collegiate establishments and professional schools, in 1851, are as follow: C'il!egi:ite In!=tiuuiHn9. I,<^^.^^i^n. Fniiiid.'d. Professiira. Alumni. Slinleiits. Vol.". in l.t.r. ■William and Mary Coll. (Episc.) Williamsburg 1692 7 . n:impden-Sidncy College Prince Eilward's co 1783 .. . W.Tshinelon College Lexinglon 17^9. . . X'niversity of Virginia Cliarloltesville 1S19.., F.andolph-Macon"College (Melh.) .... Boydton 18.32. . . Eichmond Ci'llege (Baptist) Eichniond 1832. . . Emory and Henry College (Meth.) ..Emory 1838... Eector College (Baptisf) Fruntytown 18.39. . . V:rginia Military Institute Lexinglon 1839. . . Eelhany College Bethany 1S41 . . . I'roft's-nmial Schools: Episcopal Theol. School of Virginia. .Pairfax counly 1822... rnio.: Theol. Seminary (Fresh.) Prince Edward co 1824... V irginia Baptist Seminary Eichmond 1832 .. . Law Dep;irtment, Univ. of Virginia .Charlottesville — ... '• " Will, and M. Coll. .Williamsburg — ... Medical School, Univ. of Virginia ...Charlottesville 1825... Medical Depart., Ilamp.-Sidney Coll.. Eichmond 1838. . . Winchester Medical College Winchester — ... William and M.iry College is, with the exception of Harvard University, the oldest literary institution in the cnuntry, and is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have risen to eminence, some of whom have held the highest stations in the nation. Thomas Jefferson was a graduate of tins college. It was founded on a donation of laml, 20,nOn .leres, granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are of brick, and snffleient to aecommodale 100 students. It was formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. Ilampden-Sidney College was established in 1774, and named after those martyrs, who perished in the good old canse— John ILimpden. and Algern..n Sidney. 11 was chartered in 1733. More instructors have emanated from this college than from any olher Southern institution. Cou. nected with tlie college is a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Educati.m. There are also .several societies among the students. The university owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. .lelferson. It possesses pliilosophical and chemical apparatus, together with a flue cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an anat.inncal and miscel- laneous museum. The observatory, a short distance from the universily. is furnished with the requisite astronrmiicnl instruments. The orsanization of the university differs malerially from that of any other inslilution in the Union. The stndents arc not divided into four classes, with a course of studies embracing four years, but the different branches are styled ■'schools," and the student is at liberty to attend which ho plea.se5, and graduate in each when prepared. In order to attain the degree of M. A., the student must graduate in the several schools of mathematics, ancient hmguagcs, moral phdosophv, natural philosophy, chemistry, and in aime two of the modern languages. This institutiim is in every respecl organized' and justly regarded as a universily of the first class. The Virginia iMilitary Institute is conducted on the plan of^'instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued institution, and has been liberally encouraged by Slate appropriations. VJ^ PiLhlic Lihraries.—Thn Peport of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution made m 1851, states the public libraries cf Vjr"inia as follows : one Slate library-14.000 volumes ; 4 social-3,313 volumes : 9 colleKe_t,5,790 v.dunus : 8 sludenls'- 10.466''v..lumes ; 5 academic and professional-12,951 volumes ; 1 scientific and historical— 1,200 volumes ; 2 public-1,460 volumes. Total — 30 libraries, and 69,130 volumes. Penvtir.d P,'«,<.-Virginia, on the 1st June, 1850, had 100 periodical issues— in politics SI were whig, 22 democrat, and 47 ncnirid the latter including those devoted to literature, science, religion, and all the charact.-r of which had nol been ascertained. Of the whole number 20 were pnblislicd daily, tri-weekly, 7 semi-weekly, 60 weekly, 4 monthly, and 1 quarlerlv ; and the circulation of the dailies was 32,730 copies at each issue ; of the tn-weekhes, 700 copies ; ol Ihe semi- 7.... — .... .36 ... ... 5,000 6.... ....1,.500.... .... 25.... ... s.ooo 6.... GOO .... .50.... ... 4,9,50 10.... ....8,.500.... ....383.... ... lO.OCO 7.... .... 147.... .... SO.... ... 8,000 6.... 5.... .... 60.... ... 1.200 5.... .... «5.... 100 ... 7,807 8.... — .... 50.... ... 2.5O0 6.... .... 107.... ....120.... . . . 2.000 6.... .... SO.... ....141.... ... 8,.50C 4.... 229 .... 38.... ... 5.* too 3.... .... 176.... .... 20.... ... 4.000 3.... — .... 67.... ... l.two 1.... — ... TO ... — 1.... — ....82.... — 3 95 7.... .... 40... .... 90.... ... — 5.... — — — VIRGINIA. weeklies, 6,500 copies; of the -weeklies, 4l,93G copies; of the moiithli*-3, 13,150 copies; and of the quarterly, 1,000 copies. Tliere were published in Augusta County (Staunton), 3 weekly; Alhemarle (8 in Chnrlottesville), 3 w. and 1 in.; in Alexandria, 1 d., 1 t.-w., and 1 w. ; iu Botetourt, Berkeley, and Brooke, each 2 w. ; in Campbell (Lynelibure:), 3 s.-w. ; in Binwiddie (Petersburg), 2 d. and 1 t.-w. ; iu Fauquier, 2 w. ; in Fairfax, 1 w. ; in Frederick (Win Chester). 2 w. ; in Greenbrier. 1 w. ; in Harrison, 2 w. ; in Hardy, 1 w. ; in Hampshire, 2 w. ; in Henrico (Richmond), 6 d., 1 s.-w., 2 w., 5 m.. and 1 quarterly: in Jefferson, 3 w. ; in Kanawha, 1 w. ; in Loudon, 2 w. ; in Lewis, Marshall, and Monroe, each 1 w. ; in Mononijaiia, 3 w. ; in Marion and Nunscmoiid, each 1 w. ; in Norfolk (PnrtsmouLh G, and NorlWlk 7), 7 d., 4 t.- w., and 2 w. ; in Ohio (Wheeling:), 3 d. and 2 w. ; in Preston, Prince Edward, and Pitlsjlvania, each 1 w. ; in Knck- bridge, Rockins^ham, and Shenandoah, each 2 w. ; in Spottsylvania (Frederictsburg), 1 d., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; in Tazewell, 1 w. ; in Washington, 2 w. ; and in Wood and Wythe, each 1 weekly. Religious Denominatiofis. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in ISoO were as follows: ■ Deiioniinft- No- (if Cli.irch V.ilue of Dendimna- N„. ,.r Cl...ril. Value of 0en..mina. No. nf Cliurcli V„|..e .,f tioiia. Cliurilies accnm. Property. tidns. Cl.ur.lie . tti-'Min. Property. ti„n9. Cliorclies ncii.iii. I'r.perty. Baptist 639. 241,659.. tasT.ois Germ'n EcC 9 . 3,S00 . $16,200 E. Catholio.. 17 .. 7,930 . $126,100 Christian... IG. 4,900.. 7,595 Jewish 1 . 600 . . 4,000 Swedenb'g . _ .. — . _ Congregat'l. — . — .. — Lutheran... SO . . 1S.7.O0 . . 52,415 Tunker 8 .. 4.400 . 8,200 Dutch Eer.. — . — .. — Mennouite.. « . 2,250 . . 5.550 Union 47 .. 13,250 . . 24,025 Episcopal.. 167. 73.SS4.. 627,150 Metlindist. . 1,002 . .315,703 . . 721,003 Unitarian . . — .. — . — Free lOT. 35.025.. 61,900 Moravian.. 8 . 1,500 . 2,550 Universalist 1 .. 200 . 500 Friemls.... 14. 6^300.. 18,825 Pre8l>yter'n. 236. .101,625 . . 667,105 Minor Sects. 8 .. 2,S25 . . 18,050 -^making a toLal of 2,336 churches, with accommodation for 834,691 persons, and valued at $2,?49,176. Virginia fnrms a diocese nf the Protestant Epiaenpal Church, and comprises the Roman Catholic Dioceses of Kich- ninnd aud Wheeling, and also a portion of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the last being that portion of the District of Columbia retroceded in 1S46. Paiipensm. — The whole number of paupers relieved and supported within the year ending 1st June, 1?50, was 5.11S, of whom 4 933 were native born and 185 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at the date specified was 4,40S, of whom 4,3ci6 were natives and 102 foreigners. Cost of support, etc., during the year $151,722. nistoHcal Sfcetch. — The name of Tirginia, though now belonging only to the present State of that name, was origin- ally given to the whole extent of country afi.erward divided into the thirteen colonies. It was bestowed upon the country, which he attempted to colonize, by Sir Walter Raleigh, in honor of Elizabeth, England's rlrgiii queen. The 8i.ttle[nent witliin the limits of the present State were not, however, effected until April, lGn7, and this was the first per- manent settlement by the English in America. Previous to this many ineffectual efforia had been made to pkint colonies (tn tlie Atlantic coast. At length the matter was undertaken by a company, to which a patent was granted by James I., and which was called the London Company, to distinguish it from the Plymouth Company, which subsequently settled New England. Three ships, with l(i5 persons, sailed from London in I)ecember, 16u6, and after a tedious and circuitous p.issage entered the Bay of Chesapeake in April, 1607. On a peninsula a little distance up James River, a settlement called Jamestown was begun. The colonists soon experienced the difficulties of their new position, and to ihc great exertions of Captain John Smith, distinguished among the adventurers of the age, the colony was indebted to its i)res- ervation. An incident which occurred at this period has lent to his history the attractions of romance. While on a foraging expedition he was taken prisoner by the Indians, who determined to put him to death ; his head was placed on a stone, and the savages were about to dispatrh him with clubs, when Pocahontas, the daughter of the principal chief. Powhatan, after iu vain imploring mercy for him, rushed forward, and resting her head upon that of the euplive, appeart-d det'-rmined to share his fate. Powhatan relented, and soon afterward permitted Smith to return home. Two years after, when the Indians had plotted the destniction of the col'>ny, Pocahontas, faithful to the attachment she ha40, fr, col. 50— total 4,6i)0. dipital : Mount Carmel. Wabasu county, /» (7. Situate N. middle, and contains 420 sq. m. Wabash and Eel rivers, with their tnbutaries. drain this county. Nowhere hilly, the greatest portion is rolling or undulating, hut there are also extensive level tracts and botfoms. Timber abundant, and tlie soil is evcrj'- wli ere rich and ]>roductive. Corn and hi'gs are the great 5taj>les. Farms 1.06S ; manuf. 57 ; dwell. 2.07:>, and pi>p.— wh. 12.124, fr. col. 14— total 12.i:iS. Capital: Wabash. Puhlia Work.^ : the Wahash and Erie Caual ; and the B. K. br-tween Fort Wa> tie and Lalayt-lle. Wabash, p. v., and cap. Wahash county. Jnd.: 72 m* N. by E. Indianapolis. It is very pleasantly situated on the N. bank of Wabash r., and is built partly on the first, and partly on the second bottom, elevated about 40 feet above Ihe first. It contains the court-house, jail, etc., and several churches. The ''Wabash Gazette'' (whig) is here pul> lished. The Wal>a--h and Erie Canal passes through, 155 m. from Toledo. 312 m. from Evansville, and createa a large business. First settled in 1S35. Pop. about 1,100. Waba-sii river, Ind. : is formed by two creeks rising in Mercer and Darke counties, Ohio, and fiows in a N. W. course into Indiana. In Huntington co. it receives Little river, and flou's W. until it passes Loganspitrt ; thence in a S. W. course until it reaches Covingt'in ; thence nearly g. until it reaches Terre Haute; after which it forms the boun1S sq. m. Drained by Ncuse r. and its branches, l^ur- face even ; soil various, but in general very fertile. Chief productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and grain. Farm.s 1,410; manuf.56; dwell. 2,844, and pop.— wh. 14.177, fr.cni. 1.301, si. 9.4U9— total 24.SS7. Capital: Raleigh. PuJ'lic Works : North Carolina Central R. R. ; Gaston and Ral- eigh R. R. Wakefield, p. v., Carroll county, Md. : 60 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Wakefield, t and p. v., Carroll co., A'l Ilatnp. : 32 m. N. E. Concord. This is a pleasant t, with good soil, and possessing water-power. It contains 3 largeponds, of which Lovewell's Fund, in the S. part, is celebrated as the scene of a battle with the Indians in 1725. Pop. of 1. 1,405. Wakefiei-d, p. v., Wake co., A^ Car.: IS m. E. N. E. Raleigh. Wakfjteld, p. v., Washington CO., 7?. /. ; II m.W. S.W. Newport. It contains a church, a factory of satinets and jeans, and one bank, capital $100,000. Wake Forf.st, v.. Wake co., N. Car.: on Gaston .^nd Raleigh R. R., 17 ni. N. Raleigh. Here is located Wake Forest College, a Baptist institutitin, founded in 1S3S, which in 1S50 had 3 professors and 24 students, with 4,700 vols, in library. AVakeman, t, p. 0., and sta., Huron co., Ohio: 89 ni. N. N. E. Columbus. The Toledo. Norwalk. and Cleveland R. R. passes through. 69 m. from Toledo. 4^3 m. fmm Clex'e- land. The t. has fertile soil, and is drained N. by Vt-riniJ- lion r., flowing through it centrally. It contain.'* flouring, saw. and grist mills ; also woolen factories. Pop. Tt'4. Wakulla county, Flor. Situate N., and c/mlains 403 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ockatockany r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and productive in a high degree. Chief products, cotton, sugar, rice, wheat, Indian corn, and fruits of all kinds. FannsliJO; manuf 5; dwell. 227. and poji — wh. 1,164, fr. col.l,sl. 790— total 1,955. CapiUd : Ncwporr. Walcott, p. 0., Greene co., Ark.: 126 m. N. E. Lidle Rock. Waxden, p. v.. Orange co., K Y. : on E. side of Wailull WAL WAL r, SO tn. S. by W. Albany. It coutains several woolen lac- tories ami mills. Top. about 440. Walden, t. and p. v., Caledonia co., Venn. : 21 m. N. E. MontpelitT. Surface elevated and rough. Drained by head branches of Lamoille river. Pop. of t. 910. Walden's Ceeek, p. 0., Sevier co., Te7m. : 180 m. E. by S. Nashville. Waldensville, p. 0., Schoharie county, Ni T. : 25 m. "\V. AJbaiiy. ■\Valdo county, Me. Situate S., and contains 931 sq. m. Drained by Marsh and St. George rivers, and tribularies of Sebastioook, river. Surface undulating and diversifii'd, with numerous lakes and streams of nuniing water, the latter supplying fine water-power; soil fertile, and favorable to Uie growtli iif wheat :iiid grain, ami other agricultural pro- ductions. On the E., the Ptnobscot sitrelches out into a broad expanse of water, forming a noble bay, and affords, by means of the many excellent harbors on the line ot cr)ast, facilities for navigation and the fisheries, that can not at all times be commanded. It is well wooded, and has large beds of excellent limestone, great quantities of which aro exported. Farms 4,415; manLir.347; dwell. 7,631, and pop. — wh. 47,191, fr. col. 39— total 47,230. Capital: Belfast. "Waldo, t and p. v., Waldo co., Mr. : 37 m. E. by N. Au- gusta. Drained by small streams flowing intxj Belfast bay, furnishing good water-power. Pop. of I. S12. "Waldo, p. o., Delaware c.094 tons en- rolled, and licensed, and permanent, of which 51,S^2 tons were in the coasting trade, 3,713 tons in the cod fishery, and B44 tons in the mackerel fishery, and 1,753 tons " license^I under 20 tuns," of which 2^3 tons were in the coasting trade, and 1,470 tons in the cod Pshery. The foreign commerce during the yt-ar preceding consisted of 13 clearances — 2,543 tons, and G entrances — 192 tons. Vessels built during the year 71 — 32 ships, 17 brigs, 22 schooners — 23,632 tons. Pop. of t. in 1610, 8,661 ; in 1850, 4,199. "Waldron, p. o., Scott CO., Ark. : 96 m. "W. by N. Little Eock, WAi.Dwrcii t. and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 80 m. 9. "W. by "W. Madison. Pop. 423. "Wales, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., 3fe. : 18 m. S. "W. Au- ^sta. Pop. of t. 612. "Wales, p. t., Hampden co., Masf!. : 63 ra. "W. S. "W. B cotton, the staple pnjduction. Coal is aluindant. It is well timbered, and intersiiersed with numerous streams of clear running water. Farms 9n9 ; nianut*. 11; dwell. TJU, and pop.~\vh. 4,S57, fr. col. 1, si. 200— total 5,1-^1. Capital : Jasper. ^\'ALKEE county, Ga. Situate N. W.. ami contains 645 sq. m. Ch.'itooga r. drains it in the S.,:in'l (. hickauinn-ja in the N., Rowing into Tennessee r. Surface \ aneil. in general it is hilly, with broad fertile valleys inter^per&ed ; soil I'erlilc-, and produces fine crops of wheat and graiiL Good limber is on the land. About 13 miles N. ()f the C H. is Crawfish Spring, which at its source affords suflleient waii-r to float a small vessel, aud at about 50 yards dt--lanl a large steamboal. Farms 600; raanuf. 1; dwell. l,si;7, and pop.— wh. ll,4i)3, fr. col. 37, si. 1,664— total 13,109. Capital: Lafayette Pid>- lic ^VorAs : Western and Atlantic K. 11. Walker county, Ttu'. Situate toward tIieS..and cimtains 1,042 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Sai. .Jactuio r.. aud affluents of Trinity r., which flows on its N. IL border. Surface hilly and broken ; in the 3. are some bottom lands, the soil of which is generally a black mold, and very fertile. A large portion is prairie, the soil adapted to grazing. U is well wooded, and is interspersed with streams of clear and wholesome water. Iron ore and liraestueen co., Virg. : 30 bl N. E. Richmond. Walkertown, p. o., Forsyth eo., X. Car. : 95 m. W. by N. Kalcigh. Walkervtlle, p. o., Lycoming county, P,:iiii. : C2 m. N. Harrisburg. Wallarout bay, y. Y. : lies between the cities of Brook- lyn aTid Williamsburg. It is ."bout one m. long, and Ihreo- flfihs m. wide. On H» S. W. side is the V. S. Navy yarl, covering some 40 acres, with the greatest dry dock in the Union. In the vicinity is the tonib, rontaining the remains of 11,000 Americana, wlu> di» d on iioanj the British prison ships moored in this hay dur.ni: tlie llevoluiion. WAL Wallace, p. o,, Jones county, Ga.: 16 miles S. "W. Millep. about SOO. Waltqam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Masa.: S m. V,'. N. W. Bost'jn. Surface generally level ; drained by Charles river, which alTurds water-power to several factories. Tlie principal v. is pleasantly situated, and is very neatly built with many elegant dwellings, surrounded by fine gar- di^ns. Many of the inhabitants transact their daily bnsintss In Boston, with which it is connected by Fitchburg R. R. It contains several handsome churches, a lyceum, and 1 bank, capital 1100,000. Prospect Hill, N. "W. of the v., elevated 4S2 feet above the level of the sea, affords delightful pros- pects <>f the vicinity, and Boston city and harbor, etc. Pop. in 1^0, -2,504 ; in 1S50, 4,464. Walthourville, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga. : 194 ra. S. E. Milledgeville. Walton county, I7or. Situate TV., and contains 1.157 eq. m. Drained by Yellow and Shoal rivers, with "While .ind Alequa creeks. Surface generally level; soil varied in the N., bcin/j; i'ertile and more productive than in the other parts of the co. Chief products cotton, sugar, and Indian corn. Choctawhachie bay bounds It on the S. Farms ICl ; manuf. ; dwell. ISS, and pop.— wh. 1,037, fr, col. 6, el. 386— tijtal 1,379. Capittil: Ucheo Anna, Walton county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 854 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Oconee and Oc- mulgee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and is a deep mold, with clay intermi.xed ; it is well adapted to cot- ton, which is one of the principal productions of the cotmty. Farms S€4: manuf. 56; dwell. 1.191, and pop.— wh. C.SU'i, fr. col. 16, si. .3,9r)9-totaI 10,S21. Capital: Monroe. puhlic Works: Georgia R. P.. Waltos, p. o., Boone co., Ktj.: 53 ra.N. by E.Frankfort. Waltox, t and p. v., Delaware co., y. Y.: 7S m. S. W. by W. All>any. Draineil by W. branch of Delaware r. and Its affluents. Surface hilly; soil best adapted to grazing. The V. on Delaware river contains several mills, 2 churches, and about 400 inhabit.anls. Pop. of t, 2,271. j Walton, p. o., Kanawha co., Virg.: 21S m. W. N. W. Richmond. Walto.v, p. o., Newberry district, S. Car. ; 40 m. N. W. Columbi.a. Waltonham, p. v., St Louis co., ^fo.: 102 m. E. by N. Jeff<'r8on City. Walton's Fop.n, p. c, Habersham co., Ga. : 105 m. N. Mill'-'igt-viile. Walwop.th county, Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained in the W. portion by Turtle cr. and its affluents, and in the K. by Fox r. and its branches. Surface level and diversifie'l, with numerous lakes, the prJncip.'d being Geneva and Duck lakes ; soil fertile, and adapted to wheal and grain- It ie weU timbered, and has some fine 57 pmirie land. Farms 1,SS4; manuf. SI ; dwell. .3,112, and pop.— wh. 17.S5S, fr. cnl. 3— total 17,SG1. Capital: Elk- horn. PuhUc W'n'kfi : Chicago and Wisconsin R. E. ; Milwaukie and Mississippi R. K. ; Racine and danesville Plank-rnad, etc. Walwoktu, I, and p. v., Wnyne co., JV. Y. : UiS m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil f.-rtiio, gravelly Io;im. Drninud by streams flowing into Lake Ontario. The V. contain-* several stores, 3 churches, and about ISO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,9S1. Walwop.th, t. and p. o., Walworth en.. Wine. : 16 m. 8. E. Madison. Surface diversified, with excellent Innd, chiefly prairie, but considerable timber, and hL;,'hly cultivated. Part of Geneva lake lies on its E. border. Pop. of town in lS4n, 226: in IS.'iO, 987. Wampmissio, sta-, Suffolk county, 2/. Y. : on Long Island R. l;., 64 m. from New York. Wampsville. p. v. and sta., Madison co. K. Y.: 90 m. W. by N. Albany. The Syracuse and Utica P.. \i. passes through, 30 m. from Utics, 23 m. from Syracuse. Pop. about 420. Wananri river, Minn. Ter. : a N. tributary of Missouri river, which it enters a little below NioI)rar.ih r. It is about 190 m. long, and flows in direct 8. E. course. Wanconda, p. 0., Lake county, M, : ISO m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Wapaukonetta, p. v., and cap. Auglaize co., Ohio: on S. side of Big Auglaize river, 74 m. N. W. by W. Co'umbus. This V. was formerly near the centre of the reservation of the Shawnee tribe of fndians, but they have all been re- moved West, It contains the county buiidiugs, etc. Popu- lation 504. Wapello county, la. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 4-i-2 sq. m. Drrtincd by Des Moines river, which flows through it from N. W. to S. E., and by W. l^ranch of Skunk river. Surface level ; soil fertile, anil .adapted to wheat and grain; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. Farms S2S; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,416. and pop. — wh. 8,4G6, fr. col. 5— total 8,471. Oipital: Otlumwa. Puhlic Work^ : Des Moines Eiver Improvements. Wapello, p. v., and cap. Louisa county. la.: IJ m. W. Iowa r., 86 miles S. E. by 9. Iowa City, It occupies a very level but pleasant site on the border of the Wapello prairie. It is regularly laid out, and contains the court-house, etc. The " Louisa County Times" (indep.) is issued weekly. Pop. 937. Wappenger's Falls, p. o., Duchess co., y. Y.: 8 m. W. nudaon r., 76 m. S. Alb.iny. WApfiipiNicuN river. It. : flows through N. E. pari of the State, in neariy direct S. E. course for ISO m., and enters the Mississippi 5 ni. N. Princeton. WAqiroiT, p. o., Barnstable co., J/ti-ss. ,- S6 m. S. 8. E. Bo.it'in. WAnDBOF.o'. p. o., Warren co., X. Y.: 64 m. N. Albany. W.\Ri)ENSvrLLK, p. o., liiirdy co., Virg.: 145 m. N. W. Richmond. WAnr/snoRo', t. and p. v., Windham c.>., TerTn.: 90 m. I S. by W. Motitpelier. Surface hilly. Drained by branches uf Wcstr. Pop. of 1. 1,125. ' Waei>'9 Geove, p. o., Jo Paviess county. 111.: 160 m. N. by W. Springfield. WAP.ffi county, Ga. Situate 8. E., and contains 1,652 sq. ni. Drained by Santilla r. and its affluents, rmd other small etrcams. Sur.'^ce level, and much of it is low and Bubject to submer!rfr>n ; soil fertile, and where fit for cultiva- tion, is well adapt«'cl to cotton and grain. Okeflnoke Swamp occupies the whole of the southern portion, and extends some dist;iiic^ into Florida; it resembles in wet seasons an inland sea or large lake, with numerous islands. St. Mary's river has its source in this swamp. Farms 8^9 ; manuf. ; dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 8,597, fr. col. 3, { Cumberland r. flows on its N. E. border, by branches of which it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Farms 645 ; matmf. 6; dwell. 1.3S7, and pop.— wh. S,3SG. fr. col. So, sL 1,710— —total 10,179. Capital: M'Minnsville. Public Works: Lexington and M'Minnsville li. R. Waeren county, Virg. Situate N., and contains 226 sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r., which passes through ita centre. Surface mountainous and broken ; soil fertile. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 397; manuf. St; dwell. S2S, and pop. — wh. 4,492, fr. col. 367, si. l,74S—t*ital 6,607. Capital: Front Royal. PuUicWorks : Manassas Gap R. R. Waf.f.en, t. and p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. : -33 m. "W. Hartford. Drained by Shepaug r., a tributary of Ilousa- t'lnie r. Raumaug Pond lies in its S. part. Pop. of t 831. Warp.kv, p. o., Huntingdon co.,/;w/. ; on E. side of Sala- monie r., 70 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Warren, L, p. v., and one of the capitals, Lincoln co., Me. : 31 m. S. E. by E. Augusta. Drained by St. George river, which is navigable for sloops. The manufacture of lime is carried on extensively, with some ship-buiKiing and large lumber business. The v. is well located, and contains the county buildings, an academy, etc. Pop. of t. 2,42S. Warees, t. and p. c, Macomb co., Midi. : 71 ra. E. by S. Lansing. Interests entirely agricultural. Pop. in 1&40, 337 ; in 1S50, 700. Waeken, p. v., Fannin co., Teor. : on S. bank of Red r., 247 m. N. E. Austin. Warrkn, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on E. bank Gun- powder r., 32 m. N. Annapolis. Waekes, L, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Jfass. : 5^ m. W. by S. Boston. Drained W. by Chicopee r., on which the V. is situated. The Western R. R. passes through it, 29 miles from Worcester (73 m. from Boston). It contains sev- eral manufacturing establishments, with 2 churches, stores, Hc Pop. of t, in 1S40, 1,290 ; in 1850, 1,77G. Warren, t and p. o., Marion co.. Mo. : S4 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Pop. of t. about 2,000. Warren, t, p. v., and sta., Grafton co.. iVI ITamp. : 52 m. N". N.W. ConcMJrd (direct), and by the Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. R., which passes through, 71 m. from Coneor*!. Surlace diversified ; in S. part mountainous, having Carr's Mountain on its S. E. border. Pop, of t 872. Warren, p. v., Jo Daviess county, HI. : 1S2 miles N. Springfield. The Illinoia Central R. R. will pass through this place Wabeen, p. 0-, Lee co.. la. : 72 m. S. Iowa City. Wauren, sta., Du Page co., IlL : on Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 25 m. from Chicago. Warren, t. and p. c, Herkimer county, N. Y. : 62 m- W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil excellent loam. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agricultural pursuits, but the t. also contains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1,756. Wakren, p. v., and cap. Trural)ull co., Ohio: on Mahon- ing r. 140 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. The v. is n^gularly hiiil out with streets crossing at right angles. It contains the county buildings a bank, sr-veral churches, elc. In 1S50 thrtie newspapers were pul^lished — ''T. Wliig,'' " T. Democrat," and " Western Reserve Chronicle" (neut.) Fop. of t. 7.34. Warren, p. b., and cap. Warren co., Pemi.: on N. side of xVlkghany r., at the confluence of Conewango cr.. 15S m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. It occupies an elevated site, 35 feet above the river, of which it commands a fine view in either direction. It is regularly laid out with streets crossing at right angles, and has a fine public square in the centre con- taining the county buildings. It contains 3 churches, an academy, stores, etc., and has some manufactures. The *' W. Ledger" (dem.) and " W. Mail" (whig) are here pub- lished. Two lines of railroad are projected to pass through this place, Sunbury and Erie R. R. and the Alleghany Val- ley R. R. Pop. in 1840, 737 ; in 1S50, 1,013. Warren, t. and p. v., Bristol co., P. I. : 16 m. N. by E. Newport. Surface of I. rolling, with very fertile soil. The V. in the S. E. part of the t is handsomely situated on ele- vated ground. Its harbor readily admits vessels of 300 tons. Ship-building, coasting trade, the fisheries, and some manu- facturing of cotton goods are carried on. It cont-iuis an ex- eelleiK. firinale seminary and some other schools, 2 churches, and 2 banks, cap. $260,000. The "Northern Star" (miacel.) issued weekly. Pop. in 1840, 2,437 ; in 1S50, 3.103. Warren, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ven7i. : 14 m. S. W. by S. Montpelier. Drained W. by Mud r., which af- fords water-power. Pop. of t. 962. Warren, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg.: on James River Canal, N. side of Janies r., 62 m. W. by N. Richmond. Warren, p. o.. Rock co., Wise: 2G m. S'. S. E. Madison. Warren Col'kt-house. p. v., and cap. Bradley co..^(-A-. .• 3 m. W. Saline r., 75 m. S. by E. Little Rock. It condins the CO. buildings, etc. Pop. 679. Warrenuam, p. 0., Bradford co., Peini. : 115 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Warrensburg, p. v., and cap. Johnson county. Mo. : on Post Oak cr., near its confluence with Black r., 87 m. W.by N. Jefferson City. It contams the county buildings, etc. Pop. 195. Warrf.nsruro, t. and p. v., Warren co., 2^. Y. : 5S m. N. Albany. Drained, by IIu m. N. E. 609 WAR WAR by E. Milletigeviile. It contaias the couuly buUdinga, a church, stores, etc. The Warreutou Braach li. E. extends hence to Camak, 4 m., couuecting with the Georgia li. R., by which it is 51 m. from Augusta and 121) m. from Atlanta. Wabeenton, p. v., Gibsou co., Jnd. : 12G in. 8. W. by S. Indianapolis. "Waerenton, p. v., Warren county, Ky. : 120 m. S. W. Frankfort Wakeenton, p. v., "Warren co., Miss. : on E. bank of Mmsissippi r., 44 m. W. by S. Jackson. Wap.e&nton, p. v., and cap. Warren county, M». : 60 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. It contains the county buildings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 150. Wakkenton, p. v., sla., and cap. Warren co., N. Car. ; 43 ra. N. N. E. Raleigh. It contaius the court-house and jail, several stores, a church, etc. The " Warrentou News" ifl published weekly. The Gaston and Raleigh R. R. passes near ii, 24 m, from Gaston, 68 m. from Raleigh. Pop. about 750. Waeeeston, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: on W. bank of Ohio r., 119 m. E. by K. Columbus. Pop. about 300. Waeeeston, p. v., Abbeville disL, S. Car.: on E. aide of LitUe r., 80 m. W. Columbia. Wabrenton, p. V and cap., Fauquier co., Yirg. : 80 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains a courl-houae, town-hall, jail, and 3 churches. The *' Piedmont "Whig"' and " Flag of '9S'' are issued weekly. The Warrentou Branch R. R. extends hence to junction with the Orange and Alexandria E. R. Pop. about 1,300. Wakeenton Spuings, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 85 m. N. by W. Richmond. Wabeentille, p. v., Somerset county, A^. Jer.: 30 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Waeeick county, Iml. Situate S. W., on Oiiio river, and contains 360 sq. m. Little Pigeon river, and several slow- moving streams drain the interior. Except the Ohio bottom, and the abutting bluffs, the surface is rolling, but at the head of Pigeon river there are some wet prairies. Corn and tobacco are staples, and coal is abundant. Farms 994; raanuf. 22; dwell. 1,513, and pop.— wh. S,7S2, fr. col. 29— total 8,811. Capital: Eooneville. Public ]ro/'/j5 ; Wabash and Erie Canal. "Warrington, t. and p. v., Bucks co., Peim. : 90 m. E. Harrisburg. "Waeeinoton, p. T., Hancock co., Ind. : 29 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. "WAEErNGTON, p. T., Escambia co., Fh7\ : 1S2 m. W. by N. Tallahassee. Waeeioe Ceeek, p. 0., 'Wilkes county, N. Car. : 140 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Warkioe's Mark. L and p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn. : 66 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Surface of t. mountainous. The v. in N. part contains several stores, dwellings, etc. In the vicinity are two charcoal furnaces, one a hot-blast, of 1,650 tons annual capacity, and another, cold-blast, with annual capacity of 1,830 tons. The t. also contains several grist and saw mills, tanneries, and distilleries. Pop. of t. about 2,000. "WAEUioR Stand, p. o., Macon county, Ala. : S6 m. E. Montgomery. "Warsaw, p. v., Sumter co.^ Ala. : on "W. aide of Oka- tibby-hah r., 121 m. W. N. W. Monlgomery. "Warsaw, p. v., Forsylh co., Ga. : on E. side of Chatla- hoochee r., 90 m. N. W. Milledgeville. "Warsaw, p. v., Hancock co., Jll. : on E. bank of Missis- sippi r., 100 m. W. N. W. Springfield. It has a fine Bite, with good landing, does considerable business in exporting corn and pork, and is surrounded by a good farming country. The " "Warsaw Signal" (whig) is issued weekly. "Warbaw. p. v., and cap. Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. N. by K. Indianapolis. It is beantifiilly situated nearTip- pecamx; r. imd two of the lakes. It contains good county U4ilduii;n, and two ciiur'-hes. The " iioociusko Republican"' •00 (whig), and " Warsaw Democrat," are here published. Lines of railroad are projected from Peru and Fort Wayne to pass through this place. Pop. 304. Wai'.saw, p. V. aud cap., Gallatin CO.. K^. : on S. bank of Ohio r.. 36 m. N. Frankfort. It contains a court-house and oUier county buildings, and two churches. It has con- siderable trade, and exports a large quantity of produce and tobacco. The surrounding country is hilly, but very pro- ductive of wheat, corn, and tobacco; aud also abounds with fine timber. Pop. about 700. "Warsaw, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Mo. : on N. side of Osage r., 63 m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains the court-house and Jail, several stores, etc. The '* "Warsaw Weekly "Whig" is here published. Pop. about 500. "Warsaw, p. o., Portage county, Wise. : 105 m. N. by"W. Madison. Warsaw, p. v., and sta., Duplin county, N, Car. : 50 m. S. E. by S. Raleigh. The Wilmington and Weidon R. R. passes through, 55 m. from "W ilmington, 107 m. from Weidon. Wabsaw, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Wyoming co., N. T.: 230 m. W. Albany. Surface diversified ; soil extremely fer- tile. Drained by Allen's cr., flowing N. through the t cen- trally. The V. on Allen's cr. contains the couuly buildings, 5 churches, an academy, various maiiufacluring establish- ments, 1 bank, capital $100,000, and about 900 inhabitants. The Buffalo and New York City R. R. passes through it, 48 m. from Buffalo, and 43 m. from Hornellsville. The Western New Yorker" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,624. "Warsaw, p. v., Coshocton co., OMo : on the Ohio Canal, and N. side of Walhonding r., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbns. Warsaw, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., Penn. : on N. side of Sandy Lick cr., 126 m. N. "W. by W. Harrisburg. Waisaw, p. v., and cap. Richmond co., Virg. : 47 m. N. E. by E. Richmond. It occupies a pleasant site, 3 m. from Rappahannock r., and contains the county buildings, a female academy, church, several stores, etc Pop. about 150. "Warsaw Peaikie, p. o., Henderson co., 'A-a. : 173 m. N. E. by N. Austin. "Warthex's Store, p. o., "Washington county, Ga. : 31 m. E. by N. Monlgomery. "Wartrace Dep6t. p. o.. and sta., Bedford co., Tenn. ; on Nashviile and Chattanooga R. R., 55 m. from Nashville, 96 m. from Chattanooga. A branch R. R. extends hence, 8 ra. to Shelbyville. AVarwiok county, Tirg. Situate toward the S. E., and contaius 55 sq. ra. Drained by small streams of James river. It occupies the S. W. portion of the peninsula, between York and James rivers. Surface level ; soil mod- erately fertile. Chi.ef products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 91 ; manuf. ; dwell. 132, and pop. — wh. 598, fr. col. 43, si. 9(15— total 1,546. Capital: Warwick CI. H. WAEwacK, p. v., Cecil county, Md.: 49 m. N. E. by E, Annapolis. "Warwick, p. v., Dooly county, Oa.: 85 m. 8. S. W. Milledgeville. "\Vakwick, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: 63 ra, W. N. W. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven ; 8f>il best adapted to grazing. The central v. is neatly built, and very pleasant. Pop. of t 1,021. "Warwick, t and p. v.. Orange co., JV^. Y. : 96 m. S. S. "W. Albany. Surface hilly; soil fertile. Drained by branches of Wallkill and Passaic rivers. In its "W. part is a portion of the *' drovrned lands," and in S. E. part, a portion of Greenwood lake. The v. contains 2 churches, aud about 450 inhabitauts. The t is very large, aud contains other settlements. Pop. of t. 4,902. Warwick, t., p. v., and sla., Kent co., R. I. : on Stoning- ton and Providence R.R., S m. S. from Providence. Bounded E. by Karragansett bay. Surface of t. varied ; soil gravelly loam. Drained in N. part by Pawtu.xet r., which aiTords great water-power, inipruved by numerous factories. Paw- Luxel v., ftl ita mnuib, lies pardy iu this t., aud partly ia WAR WAS Cranston. Other villages ia the t. are also not^^d f..r their manufactures. Warwick v. contains, besides fiictorie-i, 2 banks, an academy, church, etc. The "Kent Co. AiUia" (niiscel.) is issued weekly. Pup. of t. in 1840, 6,726; in 1S50, T,740. Warwick, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : on W. side Wliito r., 69 tn. N. by E. Madison. Waewiuk, p. v., and cap. Warwick co., Vifff. : 5S in. S. E. by E. liichmiind. It contains a courUhouse, jail, etc., and is a pleasant village. AVasua lake, La. : 17 m. S. S. W. New Orleans. It is 15 in. long, with average breadth of 5 ni., and connects by wide bayous with Cotunche anil LiUle lalies. Wasuhuuks Prairie, p. o., Barry couaty, Mo.: 163 m. 3. W. by S. Jbffersou City. THE TERRITORY OF WASHINGTON. This Territory, until lSo3 a portion of Oregon Territory, ocoupics all the cixiiilry lying g;eiierally betwct'u the parallels of -IG^ and 49^ of north latitude, and extemliu^ from the Uooky Mountains on the east to the Paciflc Ocean on tlie weat. The Columbia River forms the southern boundary below the line of 40^ to the sea. It comprises somewhat more thau one-third the original territory, or about 13n.tl()ll square miles. Of the phvpicul cbaraeteristics of this Territory much has yet to be learned. It includes the waters of Pugel's Sound, equal in the maguifioence of their scenery and in thi-ir secure aiul spacicais harbors to llie waters of San Francisco Uay. Vancouver's Island and the Gulf of Georgia indent its north-western extremity. The Columbia River is its great interior water-course, and there are numerous other imi)ortant streams which emi)ty either into the sound above named, or into the Pacific, through bays which may hereafter become valuable t>> commerce. The Columbia River has been llioroughly surveyed by Belcher, R. N., and Wilkes. U. S. N., and the Coast Survey lias twice examined its mouth. Shoal-Water Bay, Grey's Harbor, and Chiclcaes River have also been surveyed by the United States officers, and the English Admiralty cliarts cover the Straits of Fuca, and many harbors on the mainland and Vancouver's Island. The surveys of Captain ■Wilkes give full information of all the group of islands in tlie Gulf of Georgia, and the channels leading U> and making up Puget's Sound. The shores of this wonderfid network of channels are so favorable in soil and location, that they must soon poase.'ts great value. Through a surprising extent of line they are directly accessible for ocean vessels, and form, as it were, an immense network of harbor. They present the foundation for a kind of agricultural Venice far into the heart of the west half of Washington, the resources of which they will greatly aid in devel.ipiug. Fort Nesqually and Olym- pia, at tlie soulhern extremity of Puget's Sound, must rapidly advance with the growth of the Territory, and in fact are already important places. The interior is but imperfectly known. The land-offlce surveys north of the Columbia have as yet made but little progress. On penetrating further toward the Rocky Mountains, the country is essentially unknown. The narrative of Lewis ami Clarke, the book on Oregon Missions by Father De Smet, and Irving's Astoria, are the chief publications of value on this ground. These serve merely to sluiw that the country borderiug the Rocky Mountains, between 40° and 49° on both sides, is still a line held for exploration. Much may be expected from Dr. Evans, who is engaged in a geological reconnoissance of the old Oregon Territory, which has taken hira much among the Rocky Mountains, and over their baaaltic plains. There are several important geographical problems connected with the establishment of this new Territory. The boundary, initial points, and parallels will have to be . D, Isl Dragoons, under mmmand of Capt. Gardiner. Capt- M-Clclbm will depart fr.un Puget's S oun.l l^.r the purp..se of exploring the Casca.le range, with two officers furnished him by the briga.lier-g.'neral in cmimiud on the Pacific, and thirty men, ami procei^.l east- ward. A portion of the main parly, under LieuL D.melson, will leave St. Louis and ascend the Missouri River t.i Fort 901 WAS WAS Union, at the mouth of the Yellowstone, the place of reinlezvous on the east, where they will be joined by the remainder of the parly, under the inimediale eommtiml of Gov. Stevens. A topographical survey, says the Washington (D. C.) I^epuUic of 7th May, 1S53, will be made of the Rocky and Cas- cade mounlains. between the 46th and 41Hli parallda, and of the intervening country, to determine the general course of the railroad, and to guide tlie civil engineers in establishing its precise route. Thia reconnoisance will enibruL-e tlie prom- inent features of the country, the mijuulaiu ranges and passes, the windings of rivers and streams, and (heir dividing ridges, the prairies, and every thing necessary for the construction of a map of the country. This will comprehend the important points of the Missouri and Cohinihia rivers, the cliboicches of the Cascade and Eocky mountain ranges, the fixing of the latitude and longitude of all important points, and all tlie facts bearing upon the conslrucliou ut the road including the natural facilities for the transportatiou of iron, supplies, etc., required for the road. In crossing rivers the height of the banks will bo noted, the drplh of the water, the apparent highest water, the nature of the boilom on which abutments and piers must rest, the width between the banlts, and all information leading to correct ealimalcs of the means and cost of carrying a road over the stream. It is not doubled that the controlhng points will prove to be the passes of the Cascade and Rocky mountains, and the opinion is entertained that the location of a mad between the two ranges, and for a long distance east of the Rocky Mountains, may be suspended until these passes shall be thoroughly examined, and a practical avenue discovered. It is projwsed to construct a general map from the head waters of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, a map of "Washinetou Territory, and thence eastward to the head waters of the Mississippi; maps of the Cascade range, Rocky Mountains, and other critical points of the route and of the mountain passes. As it will be necessary to determine the capacity of the adjacent country to supply materials for the construction of the road, and of the Columbia and Missouri rivers anrn. Farms 667 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,517, and pop.— wh. 9,0S6, fr. col. 63, al. 3,045— total 12,194. Capital : Springfield. ■Wabuington parish. La. Situate N. E. in the eastern district, and contains S5S sq. ni. Drained chiefly by Bogue Chitto, and Cliifuncte rivers. Surface billy and broken, and much of it covered with pine forests; soil in general is barren, but there are some portions of fertile land, and cotton and rice are grown, which form the staple articles of commerce. Farms 260; manuf. 0; dwell. 406, and pop. — wh. 2,367, fr. col. 4, sla. 1,037 — total 3,408. Cupital: Franklintown. Wabhington county, Me. Situate S. E., and contains 2,470 sq. ni. Machias, Pleasant, and Naraquagas rivers, Willi oliier large streams, drain the co. Surface uneven and broken, and is diversified with numerous lakes, the prin- cijial of which is the Schoodic in the N. Soil fertile, adapted to wheat and grain. A large number of cattle and hogs are fattened in this co. The eastern boundary is formed by the St. Croix r., which separates it from New Brunswick. The numerous bays which indent the Atlantic shore afford excellent harbors, and also advantages for navigation and the fisheries. It is well timbered. Farms 1.S75; mannf. 310; dwell. 5,835, and pop.— wh. 3S,6S4. fr. col. 1'2G— total aS,Sl0. Capita/: Machias. Public Work-'i: Franklin R. R. ; Europeau and N. American R. R. ; Calais and Baring R. R. ■W.\8uiNGT0N county, M'l. Situate "W., and contains 51 8 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Patuxent r., which forms its E. and N. E. boundary, and by Piscalaway, Broad, Conecocheague, and other creeks, affluents of the Potomac, which flows on its S. W. border. Surface varied, in some parts being hilly and much broken ; soil a deep mold, and in the valleys and the river bottoms is very rich and pro- ductive. Staples wheat and grain. Live-stock and grain are exported. Farms 1,292; manuf. I7n; rlwell. 5,052, and pop.— wh. 26,929, fr. col. 1,829, si. 20,9o;3— total 80,84-8. CapiUd : ITagerstown. Pnhlic WorA-Ji : Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ; Franklin R. R. ; Chesapeake ans of wheat; the uplands are well adapted to grazing, and much live-stock is raised. Chief proiluctions, wheat and Indian corn. It ciitituins many minerals, and in the N. granite forms the principal portion of the under-slratum of rock. Limestone and slate are Ibund in the S. This co. is marked by three distinct ranges of mnuntaiiis, viz.: the Taghkanic in the K. portion, the Peterboro' extending from N. to S., and the Pahnerslown occupying the country between Lake George and Lake Chaui|.lain. Farms 3.037; mannf 270'; dwell. 8,043, and pop.— wh. 4-1,402, fr. cmI. ;uS— total 44.750. Cajiitids: Salein and Sandy Hill. Puhlic Work.'i : Rutland and Washington R. R. ; Sarat<'ga and Washington R. R. ; Chainplain Canal. Washington county, N. Car. Situate E., and contains 378 sq. m. Drained by several small streams falling into Lake Phelps in the E., an{\. m. Muskingum r. passes centrally through it, by which ami its branchc:?, and by Litlle Mu.sk- ingumr.,and Duck, Wolf, Bear, and Cat creeks, it is drained. Surface in general is hilly and broken, there are. however, some tracts of levid land along ilie Ohio and Muskingum rivers; soil fertile and adapted to grain. Staples wheat and Indian corn. Ajjple, i)ear, peach, and other fniit-trees produce well. It contains some salt-beds, and iron ore of a good quality is found. On Big and Little Muskingum rivers bituininons coal abounds. Farmsl,776; manuf. 108; dwell. 4,906, and pop. — wh. 29,149, fr. col. 991- total 29,540. Capital: MarietU'i. Puhlic TIlwA-s; Ciucimiati and Marietta R. R. ; Cincinnati and Belpr6 R. R., etc Washington county, Oregon Ter. Extends from the E. boundary of Clatsop co. to the Columbia and Willamette rivers, which nuike its N. E. and E. borders, and into these its rivers and crcL-ks empty. Area about 5,000 sq. m. Il is one of the most important counties of the Territory, both in regard to situation and resources; and being possessed of ample navigation ami water-power, is destined to a high rank in wealth ami jinwi>erUy. St. Helen's, (m the Columbia, and Portland, and Linn City on the Willanielle, are already flourishing towns. Farms 116; manuf. 5; itwi-II. 418, and pop.— wh. 2.Cm, fr. col. 8— t-.tal 2.651. Cajdtal: llillsboro'. Wasuingtom county, Penn. Situate S. W., and contains 795 sq. m. Drained by branches of Monongaln-la r., which forms its eastern boundary, and by Butfato. liaccoon, and Cros,s creeks. Surface somewhat elevated, and m parta much broken; soil generally fertile, and proiluces abund- antly wheat, grain, and poIatlal 44.;>3It. Ct'pital: ■Washingi.m. I'lihlic Works: Pitts- burg aud Sleubtiuville K. R. i Uempfield It. K. Wasulsgton county, Ji. I, Situate S.. and contains 367 sq. m. Drained by Pawcatuck r., and Cbarlea and Wood rivers, its thief branches, both of which supj.Iy good water privileges. Surface uneven; soil a strong gravelly loani, with clay intermixed, and is well suited for pasture. It ha-s many fine harbors, and has great commercial advantages. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 1,303; manut. 95; dwell. 2,S91, and pop.— wh. 15.911, fr. col. 519— total 16,430. Cupital: Kingston. PiihUc Works: Providence and Slonington R. R. Washinuton county, Tenn. Situate E., and contains 512 sq. m. Drained by Xolichucky r. and its affluents, and branches of Watauga r., a tributary of Hotston river. Surface hilly, and in parts somewhat mountainous and broken. Soil fertile, and produces good crops of wlieat and grain. Pork is exported in large quantities. It has some important manufactures. A portion of the county is well timt>erepimdent:e^ the Surrender of General lUir- ffoyne,\hv: San^ender of the Uriti^th Army, comma yided by Lord- ComivaUis, at YorHamn, in Virginia, and the lie^igviition of (ieiieral Wa^-ihington at AnnapoUf!. The subj''els of the remaining pictures are the Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Leyden, by Weir; the Landintj of Co* lianbiis, by Vanderlyn ; and the Baptism rf Pocahoyittis, by Chapman. As these illustrate scenes connected with the very earliest history of our country, none but the read- ing figures are to considered in the aspect of authentic portraits. The Cnngrcasiona! Library is unquestionably one of the chief attractions of the Capitol. The priiieipal room, of which there are three, faces the W., and is a large and l^irtd- some affair, 92 feet l*.ng. 34 wide, and 86 high; divided into twelve alcoves, ornamented with fluted pilasters, and in every direction are displayed pitrtrails anil bu^is, cases of medals, and olher works of art. The number of vohiiues which it contains is about 50,000. The original library, which was collected under the direetion of Mr. Gallatin and Mr. Mitchell, in ISOO, was deatmyed by fire during the last war. and that which now enriches the Capitol, was found'-d upon one which was purchased by Congress, in 1S14, of Thomas Jefferson, for $-23,iioo. The yearly average incrcnse is about l.SOO volumes. The sum of $5.0i)0 is an- nually appropriated by Congress for miscellaneous books, and $1,000 for law books. In 1S51 tlie library lost many valuable works from an accidental tire. The apartment for the accomra-xlalion of the Supremo Court is an ill-arranged, inconvenient, antl badly lighted room, in the basement under the Senate Chamber. It is semicircular in shape, with manifold arches; and on the wrdl is an emblem of Jusiice. holding her scales, in bold relief, and also a figure of Fame crowneil with the rising sun. and pointing to the Constitution of the United Slutes. The members <»f the bar areacconunodated with seats and desk.s in the body of the room ; and the justices oecupy a row of elevated seats, and appear in their official caj):icity ciothed in black silk gowns or roliea. In addition to the apartments of the Capitol alrcarly spe- cified, it should be mentioned, that there is also a large numtier of ordinary, but well-fiirnislu'd rooms, which are occupie<] by the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House, and other ofticers. by the Postmasters of Congress, the Pub- lic Docuujenl.s. and the committees of the two houses. The ('apilol grijunds are not only extensivt?. but are kept in the very neatest order, constituting one of the pleas:uite.st and most |Kipular resorts for promenading to l»e found in the mriropolis. They oomnumd most ehartning prospceis of the surrounding connlry, are adorned with a grear variety of American tre.fl| fountains and b;isiti9 of pure water en- liven them in various parts, and an air of superior refine- ment is given to them by a number of pieces of .statuary, the most attr.'u'tive specimens being a statue of Washington, by Cireenongh, and a pair, of Columbus and an Indian Woman, by Persico, the foruu^r occupying the centre of a .square east of lh<; Capitol, and the two others appropriate places on the easU'rn portico. Near the western enlnince of the Cupitol stands a monu- ment erected by the otTicers of tlu? navy to ih*- memory of their broiher ofhcer^ uho fell in the war with Tripoli, It is of marble, ris. s out of n pool or basin of water, aiul is 40 feet high. On one side of the base is a view of Tripoli and the American fleet, on another the words. "To Ihi* memory of Somers. Caldwell, lleeatur, Wordsworth, H irs.-y, Is- rael," and on another side, a brief I'Ut coinprrhensive his- tory. At the ba-se f>f ilii- column are four m:irble emblem- atic figures— Mercury, Fame, History, and America; the colunui has also appropriate embellishments, and is sur- mounted by an eagle. The Kxecutive Mansion is situated at the west end of the city, at the intersection of Pennsylvania. New York. Con- necticut, and Vermont avenues. It occupies the centre of a jdot of 20 acres, and has an elevation of 44 feet abfive the waters of the Potomac, The groumls are partially laid out in ganlen!*. etc., but are still in an unfinished stale. The mansion is 170 feet front and S6 feel deep, bui't of white 9e5 WAS WAS frefstone, with Ionic jjilasters, cnmprehontling Iwo lofly Btorji/s of rooms, crowned with a slone baluslrade. The north front is ornLimented with a lofty portico of four Ionic columns in front, and projecting with three columns. The outer inter-columniation is for carriages to drive under and place company under shelter ; the middle space is for those visitors who come on foot-the steps f>om both leading to a broad platform in front of the door of entrance. The gar- den front is varied by having a rusticated basement story under the Ionic ordonnance, and by a semi-circular pro- jecting colonnade of sii columns, with two fliahts of steps leading from the ground to the level of the principal story Ihe interior arrangements of the Executive Mansion are of course, elegant and convenient, well adapted to the va- rious purposes to which the building was designed. In the centre of the small square immediately in front of the President's House, stands a bronze statue of Thomas Jetferson, executed by whom we know not, but presented to the government by Capt. Levy of the United States Navy the present proprietor of Monticello, the former abode of Mr. Jefferson. It is a handsome piece of statuary, and in lis present position has quite a commanding appearance Directly across Pennsylvania Avenue from tlie above-men- tioned square, is Laftiyette Square, which has recently been laid out in fashionable style, and planted with new shrub- bery. Mills' equestrian statue of General Jackson, which occupies Its centre, is a work of superior merit. It is in bronze, and cast from certain cannon captured by General Jackson in some of his military engagements. The State Department, which stands north-east of the President's House and within the same inclosure, is a plain brick building, two stories high, 160 feet long and 55 wide with a broa,l passage on both floors, and containing in all ■12 rooms. It contains a handsome library of books, maps, and charts, numbering perhaps some 15,tlOO distinct works which are indispensable in the performance of the exten- sive and varied duties of the department. In addition to this collection, the Copyright Bureau contains some 10 or 12,"0II volumes published in this country, which are kept with care as part and parcel of the archives of the govern- ment. It IS the department through which alone the diplo- matic corps and all foreigners can hold any intercourse with the government of the United Slates, ami is of course Uie head-quarters of all the American ministers and consuls. The Treasury Department stands at the eastern extrem- ity of the President's Square, so called, and is a slone edifice painted while, 340 feet long, and 170 wide, but when llie n.irthern and southern wings are added, it will be 457 feel in hnglh. In front is an imposing colonnade, stretching th.- entire length of the buil.ling. it has three floors upon which business is transacted, on each of which are nearly fifty apartments. This is the department where all the financial and commercial afl'iiirs of the country are attended to. ^ A good legal library is attached to this department. The War Department building occupies the north-west cornerof the President's Square, and is precisely similar in design to tlie Slate Department. It is the head-quarters of all the olBoers of the army, and the mainspring of all the military movements. This department comprises llie War OfHce proper, the Quartermaster's Department, the Kn- giiieer's Department. Bnn-au of Topographical Engineers. t.Ird nance Office, Subsistence Department, Pay Depart- ment, Medical Department, Oflire of Adjutant-general, and the hend-qiinrters of the Major-general or nuliiary Com- mandiT-in-chief of the Army. The War Department is furnished with a valuable library of some 10,(i00 volumes. The Navy Department building lies directly w.-st of the President's House, and in the rear of the War Department- It has five bureaus, exclusive of the Secretarv's ofHce, viz. : Bureau of the Navy Yards and Docks, Bureau of Construe- Uon, Equipment, and Itepair; Bureau of Provisions and Clolhiiig. Bureau of Ordnance and Ilydrograjihy, and Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 906 I The Department of the Interior, or Home Department i> the most extensive connected with the government Tha building which it is destined to occupy is yet unfinished but when completed, it will be (ho most extensive and most in- teresting in the metropolis. A portion of it is already occu- pied by one of the bureaus of ihe department (the Patent OIBce), and also by the museum of the National Institute The litles of the bureaus connected with the Interior De- partment are as follows : Land ODIce, Patent Oflice, Indian OfHce, and Pension Office. As its name indicates, this de- partment has to do exclusively with all those matters bear- ing upon the internal economy of the United States and is, of course, increasing in importance with every succe-aivo year. A library of some 6,000 volumes is attached to this department. In the second story of the building now occu- pied by the Patent Office, are the invaluable relics of Wash- ington, including his camp chest, the Original Declaration of Independence, the gifls presented from time to time to the government by foreign powers, Franklin's printing press, a collection of Indian portraits by King, the treasures of the National Institute, interesting memorials of the lato James Smithson, and the extensive and rare treasures se cured by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Captain Wilkes, in almost every department of national history and human ingenuity. Every thing here is open to the inspec- tion of the public. In the first story of the same building are collected all the models of the machines which have been patented since the foundation of the government. The Posl-offlce Department is of white marble, and'aller the Corinthian order. It is 3 stories high, and 204 feel long, and 102 deep ; it contains 27 rooms on each floor, making 81 in all. It occupies a cenlral position in the city, near the Department of the Interior, both of which are allout half a mile from the President's Square and the other dejiart- ments. With regard to Ihe Office of the Attorney-general, which we have classed with the Executive branches'of the govern- ment, we have only to say that it derives its chief attraction from the person who may occupy it, who must be, of neces- sity, a man of distinguished ability. Rooms are assigned to him in the Treasury building, and it is to him that all knot- ty questions, in all the departments, are submitted tor flnal settlement. The National Observatory is situated on the banks of the Potomac, in an oblique direction from the President's House, toward Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, having a commanding view of Washington and George- town, of the Potomac river, and surrounding country .as far down as Fort Washington, opposite to Mount Vernon. II is a naval institution, under the control and manao-fment of Lieutenant M. F. Maury, U. 8. N. The force em'^iloyed at It consists principally of naval officers. Besides llie as- tronomical duties of the establishment, here are kept all the nautical books, charts, and instruments belonging to the navy. The apartment in which the chronometc^rs are kept is a very interesting one. Before one of these instrumeiilS is purchased by goveriiment.it is required to be put on trial by the Superintendent of the Observatory for one vcar; during which period it is compared daily with the great astronomi- cal clock of the Observatory, which regulates the time for the wliole city. The temperature of the' room in wliieli il is kept is also carefully observed, and recorded every day. The test is a severe one, and in case the instrument i'ails to come up to it, it is returned to the maker at the end of the year. The observations on Ihe temperature in connec- tion with the performance of the chronometer, enalilc the maker to improve the instrument, and on a second trial of another year it rarely faUs to pass. There are from 60 to 100 chronometers always in this room, all of which are daily wound, and compared and treated in the manner de- scribed. Thus a complete and minute history is k,|,t of each (me. Here also are conducted the celebrated re- searches connected Willi the " wind and current charla," WAS WAS the habits of the whale, and a variety of phenomena con- nected with the great deep. The Nulinrial observatory of Washington occupies a high rank among tlie observatories of the world, there being but two— those of Rusaia and Greenwich — superior to it. Thu largest tele.'icope. called the equatorial, is a 14 feet refractor, with an object-glass of 9 inches. It is mounted in the revolving (iome on the top of the main buil'iing; and is so arrangeii with clock-work and machinery, that being directed to a star in the morning, it may hv left alone, when on returning lo it in the evening. 11 will have followed the path of the star so exactly; that it will be found still pointing to the star, and the star will be visibh^ through it. With its powers the stars are visible at niid-ilay. In one room below are the meridian and mural circles; in another, the transit instrument; in another, the prime vertical instrument : and in anrdher yet, the great refraction circle, invented by tlie superintendent: it is made by Ertel & Son, Munich, and taken altogether is, perhaps, one (tf the finest instruments anywhere to be found. But perhaps the most wonderful object at this interesting estab- lishment is the electro-chronograph, invented by Dr. Locke, of Cincinnati. It is in the room with the transit instrument, and is 50 arranged, by its connection with an electrical bat- tery in the building, that its ticks may be heard in any part of the country to which the magnetic wires lead, provided tht-y be put in connection with it. Thus it may be made of itself to record the time, and in such a manner, that tlie as- tronomer in Boston, New Orleans, or elsewhere, will know it. au'l t<'ll the lime of day by his clock, as well as one who stands before it mid reads the hands on ils face. The Ob- servatory regulates the time for Washington and George- town by the falling of a ball. At ten minutes before mean noon everj' day. a large black ball is hoisted to a flag staff, standing on the top of the dome. This is to give warning for those who wish to get the ej'art time of the day to took out. Precisely at twelve the ball drops. The whole city is infi)rmed of the exact lime. The Arsenal occupies a fine position on the extreme souih. rn point of the city (ealled GreenleaPs Point), at the junction of the eastern branch with the Potomac, com- manding a beautiful and extensive view, over a broad ex- panse of water, toward the cities of Washington and Georgetown on the N., and Alexandria on the 9. The channels of both rivers ninning near the Arsenal shore, atford all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping ord- nance and other military stores. Although this site was originally reserved f<)r the purpose of an arsenal, it was not occupied by any building of importance until after the peace of 1S!4. when the building of the present establish- njent was eummenced uniler the direclitm of the late Col. George Bomford. From the small square embraced in the first plan, the buildings have been gradu.-illy extended until tJuy occupy nearly the whole reservation, and form one of the principal arsenals of construction in the Uidted States. TIh' workshops contain much useful and ingenious machin- ^-ry, propelled by steam, for manufacturing gun-carrJagi-s and equipments for artillery, and lor preparing ammunition of all kinds. Among these may be noticeiJ particularly the iiiftchines for planing and boring iron and wood, those for tenoning and morticing the spokes ami hubs of wheels; lilanchard's ingenious lathe for turning irregular forms iti wooil. such as spokes, axe-handles, etc. ; the machinery for makinir leaden bullels by pressing them out of the bar-lead instead of casting Ihera ; and, above ail, the beautiful ma- cliitie for making and charging percussion caps for small arms, invented by Mr. George Wright, a workman at the Arsenal. By this last-mentioned machine, a sheet of cop- piT beiuiT inserted on one side, and some percussion pow- der put in a hopper on the other, the finisherl caps are pro- duced without any further agency of the workman. In the spacious slorehouses of the Arsenal are to be seen arms and equi|uiienls for the troops ; also a large number of gun-car- riages, and other apparatus for the service of the artillery in the forts and in the field, from the ponderous ColumWad for the defense of the coast, to the little mountain howitzer, which may be transported, with its miniature smith's forge, on the back of a mule. The model office contains a collec- tion of models or patterns of the various arms and military equipments used in our service, and also of such of those used in the armies of other nations as have been obtained by Ihe ordnance department. Here may also be seen some specimens of old and new inventions, repeating arms, re- volvers, etc., which have been suggested at home or abroad by the organ of destructiveness. In the ffitn lot are ar- ranged many pieces of ordnance and pilesof balls, mosilyof heavy odibre for the armament of the forts. In front of the old Arsenal Square a small collection of foreign brass can- non will attract the notice of the visitor, who will perceive by the inscriptions that some of them are trophies of the success of our arms at Saratoga, Yorktown, Niagara, anrj Vera Cruz. The guns and cannons of Duncan's field-bat- tery, which perf'irmed distinguished services on nearly every field of battle in the Mexican War, are likewise pre- served at the Arsenal as a saluting battery. On Ihe W. side of the Arsenal grounds, near the river, are 2 pyramidal structures, which often attract the curiosity of visitors, and of persons passing by the Arsenal. These buihlings con- tain an apparatus called a Ballistic Pendulum, which is used for testing the force of gimpowder when fired in heavy ordnance, and also for trying many other interesting experi- ments in gunnery. The Navy Yard is situated on the " Anacostia," a branch of the Potomac r., at the southern termination of Eighth Street, east. It was established in the year isilil. The area covers about 20 acres, and is Inclosed by a substantial brick wall, having a principal entrance at Ihe HtiU of Eighth Street, through a handsome arched gateway. Several com- fortable residences have been erected for the accommoda- tion of the commodore, the executive officers, the first lieu- tenant, snrgeon, sailing-master, boatswain, and gunner, whose official duties require their constant attendance in the yard. The mechanical operations of this establishment are various and extensive, and the skill of the workmen and the excellence of the materials employed have been sjitis- factorily tested in every sea. Anchors of all sizes, for the naval service, are manufactured by the use of two heavy steam hammers (termed the "Nasmyth Hammer"), one of which weighs 3,600 pounds, the other 2,240 pounds. The forces for this work nre kept in blast by a fan-blower at- tached to the steam-engine in the machinist's department. There is also in operation, in the anchor department, a direct acli'm steam-hammer (called the "Kirk Hammer"), in con- nection with a blast-furnace for working up into looms and bars all the scrap iron of the navy. The massive chain- cables are made in another shop, which is provided with a powerful hydrostatic press for testing their sirengih. These cables are highly esteemed for their superior finish, great strength, and durability. Another department is engaged in Ihe inainifactvire of galleys, cabooses, and copper powder- lanks, and of the various kinds of brass work api)erlaining tc) ships of war. The different machines employed in mak- ing these articles nre driven by a steam-engine of about 1ft horse-power. A brass foun-lry is connected with this range of buildings on the eastern side of the yard. A large and extensive iron foumlry has recently been erected of .'■uffi- cient capacity and with the necessary facilities for molding and casting the heaviest work. Connected with this foun- dry are the niachiTU'S for borlnEr. turning, and planing the steam cylinders and other massive maeliinery n^quired for the naval service. Adjoining the iron foundry are the ord- nance and boiler-making departments, which are provided wiih ft steam-engin*! of about 12 horse-power. The ord- nance department is engaged in Ihe fabrication of llehl bnisa ordnance, howitzers for boat and 'and service, of slK>t and shells, pereussion-cnps. musket and pistol balls, etc. Some of this machinery is very ingenious and highly inter- 9t*T WAS WAS esting. The boiler shop contains all the machinery neces- sary for ilif construction of boilers. Close by this range of buildings is a very extensive maehine-shop, in which are placed all the tools required in the manufacture of steam- engines and machinery of every description. When com- pleted it will afford room for the employment of from 150 to 200 workmen. Attached to this shop is an enfcine of 60 horse-power, which also gives motion to the block-making machinery, and to the fan-blowers of the anchor-making department. On the western side of the yard is the pyro- technical laboratory, in which are prepared all the articles for Llie navy appropriate to this department. There are two large ship-houses for building ships, under one of which is about to be constructed a marine railway for hauling up steamers for repair. The grounds are beauti- fully laid out, the avenues shaded wiih fine trees, the plats neatly inclosed, and the whole preserved in handsome order. The Smithsonian Institution was founded upon a bequest of more than half a million of dollars made to the United States liy an Englishman named James Sniithson. The object ol the bequest, accordiug to his will, was " to found at Washington, under the name of the Bmithsonian Instilu- liou, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." On the Ist of July, 1S36, Con- gress solemnly accepted this important trust, and the money was paid into the Treasury of the United Slates in 1S.33. The Act of Congress establishing the Institution as it now exists, was passed in 1846. The Institution is situated oti the Mall, below the Capitol ; and though the edifice is yet in an unfinished state, it presents a noble appearance, and is unqut-slionably one of the great attractions of the metrop- olis. The style of the architecture is the Komanes(iue, the material a reddish freestone of fine grain ; its extreme length is 460 feet, its width 140 feet, and it has nine lowers, varying in height from 75 to 150 feet. The grounds which surround it are very extensive, and are now in progress of being beautified. The library room is capable of holding ll)O,(.iU0 volaines. The building is supplied with a lecture-room, which will seat 1,200 persons; and its museum is 200 feet long; its rooms for chemical experiments are more spacious and convenient than any to be found in the country ; and in the western wing, which is 120 feet long, will hereafter be iucated a gallery of art The Wa-shinglon Monument stands on the Mall, between the rresideut's House and the Potomac, and embraces the idea of a grand circular coloiniaded building, 250 feet in di- amct*:r, lOo feet high, from which springs an obelisk shaft, 70 feet in diameter at the base, and 500 feet high, making a t"ial elevation of GOO feet The vast rotundo, forming the grand base of the monument, is surrounded by 30 columns of massive j)roportions, 12 feet in diameter, and 45 feel high, elevated upon a base of20 feet in height aiidSOO feelsquare, surinouuled by an entablature 20 feet high, and crowned by a massive balustrade 15 feet in height The terrace out- side the colonnade is 25 feet wide, and the walk within the colonuadw 25 feet The front portico is adorned with a tri- umphal car and statue of the illustrious chief; and over each cojunni around the entire building are sculptured es- cuLchi-ons, coats of arms of each State of the Union, sur- rounded by bronze civic wreaths, banded together by fes- tottns of oak-leaves, while the centre of the portico is em- blazoned with the coat of armsof the United States. Around the Mtumlo are stationed statues of the Signers of the Dec- laration uf Independence: in niches prepared for the pur- p'lSf. statues itf the Fathers of the Kevolution. cotemporary Willi Wasliington ; and directly opposite to the entrance is [ilaced a siatue of Washington himself. The interior of the shall is enibi-lbsiied with a great variety of inscriptions ; at onepiiinl it is ornamented with four of the leading events of Wa»^hingt*>n'8 career, sculptured in basso relie^jo, above which is pluc4-d a single star, emblematic of the glory which the name of WaaJiiugton has attained : and in the centre of »0S the monument will be placed the tomb of the Father of his Country. 'J he National Medical College, instituted in 182", is now in successful operation. It was, until a few years past, known as the Medical Department of the Columbian Col- lege, from which institution it derives its autlKirily to con- fer degrees, under an act of incorporation from the Con- gress of the United States. The requisites fur gradu.aling are, that the candidate shall have attended the lectures nf each professor two full courses, or one full couri^e in this school, and one lull course in some other respectable insti- tution. Ue must have a fair moral character, ami he shall have dissected during at least one session. He shall have entered his name with the dean of the faculty as a candi- date for graduation, and delivered to him an inaugural dissertation upon some medical subject, thirty days before the close of the session, and pass a satisfactory examina- tion. The Columbian College, which was iucorjiorated in 1521, is beautifully situated on an eminence, adjoining the City Corporation, on the north, and on Fourteenth Street, west- It is a fine brick edifice, four stories high, and overlooks the city, the Capitol, and other public buildings; and com- mands a fine view of the Potomac, with the surrounding country, for many miles in extent. In beauty ami healtli- fulness of position, it is unsurpassed ; and ita local advant^ ages are such as no other situation in the country can afford. The College has a good library, a valuable philusaplii._-al apparatus, and other means and facilities for jmrdutng a thrjrough and liberal course of studies. The last catalogue (1850) embraces a president, and twelve professors and teachers — including those of the National Medical College, which is under the same corporation — 100 students, and be- tween 200 and SOO alumni. The Coast Survey Office Buildings, occupied for the use of the United States Coast Survey, are siluuted on the west side of New Jersey Avenue, about a sixth of a mile from tlie Capitol. They consist of four old houses, in a block, pre- senting a decidedly rusty exterior, and in no way looking like public buildings. The National or Congressional Burial Grmmd, situated about one mile east of Ihe Capitol, embraces about ten acres, commands an extensive view of the country, and is well inclosed with a brick wall, laid out with taste, and beautified with trees and shrubbery. It was located in lSi'7, and has since been in the keeping of an incorporated company. The monuments are manifold, and many of them beautiftil ; and in addition to several private vaults is one >pacious and well constructed, inclosed by a neat railing, built by the order and the expense of Congress, as a place of deposit for the dead whose remains it may be the purpose of friends subsequently to remove. The City Hall, the official home of the City Fathers, was commenced in 1S20, and finished iu 1850, it having remained a kind of ruin during most of the intervening time. It is a large and handsome edifice, and occupies a commanding position on Judiciary Square, is 200 feet in length, and after the stucco style of architecture. The Circuit and Criminal Courts hold their sessions in this hall ; also the members nf the City Councils. The mayor has his office here, and so also have a large number of the city attorneys. The Public Schools of Washington are quite numerous: of free public schools there are four, with quite a large retinue of primary schools, which are carried nn at aa annual expense of about $I2,M00. Select schools and aem- inaries for the education of both sexes also exist in diiTerent parts of the city, several of them of a high and established character. Public attention has been strongly directed to these institutions, and perhaps in no other city ar*- there to be found superior advantages of education, which are an- nually on the increa^. There are also several excellent boarding-schools in Washington,, and two or throe in Georgetown. WAS WAS The National InRlitute waa founded in lS4ii, and has fur Its object the promotion of science in all d(?f»ariment3. It holda its meetings and has its head-quarters at the Patent Office. It has a miBcellaneoua library of nearly 4.000 vols., pamphlets, maps and charts, with a few interesting man- uscripts, and in the cabinet are many medals and cuina. The library is always open to the inspection of iho public. The Metropolia is well supplied with churches, and con- sidering il3 extent is quite as well supplied with eloquent preachers as any city in the Union. Of Baptist churches .here are four— one on Tenth Street, cue on E., and two nn Virginia Avenue; thi_-ir congregations are all large, and their padt-ir* popular. Of Calholic churches there are four — St. Matttiew's, on U. street ; St. Peter's, on Second ; St. Patrick's, on F. ; and SL Mary's, on FiHh. Of Episcopal churches there are Ave, tIz. : Christ church, ou G Street; St. John's, on 11 ; Trinity, on Third ; Epiphany, ou G ; and Ascension, ou n. The Trinity church edifice is the handsomest, devoted to religion, in the city. In this church, as indeed in all other churches of the city, a certain number of pews are assigned to strangers. St. John's church stands directly in front of the President's House. There is also one Quaker meeting held in the city on I Street; and two Lutheran churchea, the English on II Street, and the German on G Street. Of Methodist churches there are seven in the city- one on 4th, one on 14th, one on 5th, one nn Massachusetts Avenue, one on Mar> land Avenue, one on 9th Street, and one on Virginia Avenue. Of Presbyterian churches there are six — one on F Street, one on 8th Street, one on 4^ Street, one on H, and two on 9th Street. There is also one Uni- tarian church in tho city, on D Street ; and of colured churches, there are some half dozen scattered about the city. Uotcla are quite numerous, but not suflBcieutly so, even now, to accommodate the public. With one or two unim- portant exceptions, they are all situated on Penn-^ylvauia Avenue. The names of the principal ones are the National Uottl, Brown's Ilotel, Willard's Hotel, Gadsby's Hotel, the Irving Hotel, the United Slates Hotel, the Potomac Hotel, and Tyler's Hotel. The finest hotel ediflce in Washington lA that recently erected by Mr. Brown, which is very large, and has a beautiful marble front. All these hotels are supplied with the best of a first-rate market, and with numerous and generally accommodating 8er\'ants. From I2ie doors of each, the stranger may at almost any moment step into a convenient and elegant omnibus, and go to almost any part of the city he may desire. Pop. in ISOO, 3,210; in ISIO, 8,208; in lS'2ii, 13,2-17; in 1S30, 1S,S27 ; in 1840, 23,3G4; and in 1550, 40,001. The general statistics of Washington will bo found under the caption of District of Columbia. Washington, p. v., and cap. Hempstead county, Ark.: 101 m. S. W. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings, an United Stales land office, stores, etc. The " Wa.^hington Telegraph" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 469. Wasuington, v., Yolo co., Calif. : on W. bank rif Sacra- mento river, 49 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. In 1852, it contained 4 hotels, 2 stores, and 3 foundries. Washington, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conv. : 32 m. W. by S. Hartford. Surface elevated. Drained by Shepaug river, on which the v. is situate. It comains 3 churches and a factory of satinets. The t. also contains several mills, and quarries of limestone and marble. Pop. of t. l,8o2. Washington, p. v., and cap. Wilkes county, G'l. : 52 ro. N. E. by N. Milledgeville. It contains a brick c.nirt-houao and jail, 1 bank, an academy, 3 churches. Masonic hall, etc. Tho "Washington Gazette" is issued weekly. The con- struction of a branch R. K. from the Georgia E. R. to this place is contemplated. Pop. about 850. Wasdington. p. o., Tazewell co., lit. : on E. side of Hol- land's Grove, (i2 m. N. by E. Springfield. Washington, p. v.. and cap. DavicM co., Jnd. : 4 to. E. of W. t;)rk of Whiu^ r, «u m. S. W. by 8. Indianapolii. It •OQlaius g'iod cituntj buildings and 5 cburchcii. It was laid nut in 1S17. Tlie " Literary Journal" is here published. Pop. 2.578. • Wasuington, p. v.. and cap. Washington county, la. : E. side of Adams creek, 25 m. 9. by W. Iowa City. It is well situated on a fine prairie, contains the county buildings, etc., and is a thriving v. The Dubuque and Keokuk II. li. will pass through the place. Pop. 742. WASmNOTON. p. v., and cap. Mason county, Xy. ; 60 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buihiings, 4 churches, an acatlemy, etc. The Lexington and Maysville R. R. passes through it. Pop. about 650. Wasuinqton. p. v., St. Landry par., L<7. : on E. b:ink of Vermillion r., 52^ m. W. by N. Baton linuge. It is at the head of steamboat navigation, contains aevera! stores, a Catholic church, etc. Pop. about 250. Washington, L and p. v., Lincoln county, Jf: : 2'2 milea E. 8. E. Augusta. Drained by bmiiches of Muscoiigns r., one of whioh rises in a large pond in the centre of the t. N. of the V. Pop. oft. 1.756. Washington, t. and p. v., Warren co., iV, Jer.: S7 ra. N. by W. Trenlon. Drained by the Musconetong r., which bounds it on tlie S. E,, and Pohatcong creek. Pupulatiou oft 1,567. Washington, t, p. v., and sta, Berkshire county, 3fiund in some quantity. Farms 697 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 1.122. and pop.— wh. 6,235, fr. col. 0, si. 8,304r— total 9,591. Oipital: Camden. Washita parish, Za. Situate N.,.and contains 752 sq. m. Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Surface diversified ; much of the land is covered with pine timber, and a portion of it is rendered unfit for cultivation on account of its low situ- ation : soil, where fit for tillage, is productive. Staples, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 242 ; manuf. 4, dwell. 442, and pop. — wh. 2.293, fr. col. 7, st. 2,708— total 5,008. Capital : Monroe. WASutTA, p. 0., Grayson county, Tex.: 237 m. N. by E. Austin City. Washtenaw county, Mich. Situate S. E. of the South- ern Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the lUiron, Saline. Macon, and Raisin rivers, and Mill, Honey, Mullet's and Paint creeks. Surface slightly undulating, and diversified with numerous lakes ; soil very productive, being a rich black loam with clay intermixed. There is some prairie land and some good timber in the co. Fine water- piiwiT is supplied by the branches of Huron and Raisin rivers. The principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Agriculture ia the leading pursuit Farms 2.543; m.inuf. 154; dwell. 5,142. and pop.— wh. 2S..'>43. fr. col. 224— tot.il 28,567. Cajj-iMl : Ann Arbor. Public Works: Michigan Central R. K. Wassaio. p. o. and sta., Dnchess co., N. y. : on the Har- lem E. R., 86 m. from New York, 69 m. from Albany. Wassawa lake. Wise. : in S. W. part of La Pointe co., 7 m. long, and 4 m. wide, conntcting by short outlet with St. Croix river. Wasbonville, p. o., Washington co., Virg. 910 Watab, p. v., Benton co., Minn. Ter. : on E. bank of Mississippi r,, opposite the mouth of Watab r.. 72 m. N. W. St. Paul ; by the river 82 miles. It w.is laid out in 1S50 by Messrs. Oilman, Vincent, and Co. This was the highest point attained by the volunteers in the Wiuuebago cam paign of 1S50. Wataree river, S, Car.: rises in N. Car., but in that State is called the Catawba. In S. Car. it flows through the N. central portion of the State, in general course S. by E., and near the centre of the State it unites with Congaree r., forming Santee river. Watauga county, N. Ckir. Situate N. W., and contains 54S sq. m. Drained by Stony fork of Yadkin r., and afflu- ents of New river. Surface mountainous, having the Blue Ridge passing through it; soil in the valleys and most of the level portions is fertile, and adapted to grain. It is well wooded. Farms 442 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 569, and pop.— wh. 3,242, fr. col. 29, si. 129— ^ital 3.400. Capital: Boone. Watauga Bend, p. o., Washington co., Term. : 242 m. E. by N. Nashville. Watensaw, p. o., Monroe co., Arl:: 60 m. E. Little Rock. Watei'.boro*, t, and p. v., York co., Me. : 72 m. S. W. Augusta. Surface diversified ; drained by head branches of Mousum r., and by Little Ossipee r. The inhabitants are mainly engaged in farming, etc. The York and Cumber- land R. R. will pass through S. E. part of the town. Pop. of t. 1,989. Waterbobo' Centre, p. c, York co., Me. : 71 m. S. W. Augusta. Waterbhkg, p. 0., Tompkins co., 27. Y. : 148 m. W. by 8. Albany. Waterburv, t, p. b., and sta.. New Haven co.. Conn.: on both sides of Naugatuck r., 19 ra. N. N.W. New Haven, 25 m. S.W. Hartford. The Naugatuck R. R. passes through the v. 32 m. from Bridgeport, 30 m. from Winsted. The L has generally a rough surface. The Naugatuck r. and its branches afli^rd great water-power, well improved by nu- merous factories. Of these, the principal are — that of the " American Pin Company," which (with another at Pough- keepsie, are tlie only ones of the kind in the Union) has a capital of $100,000, employing 150 operatives ; three fac- tories of gilt and plated buttons, silver ware. etc. ; India- rubber webbing factories; rolling mills of brass and copper, making articles of all sorts, and the woolen factories. The manufacturing interests of this place have for several years been steadily and rapidly increasing. During 1S51 and '52, 21 manufacturing estiiblishmenis were organized with an aggregate capital of over $1,000,000. The capitalists thus interested, and the citi2ens generally, are among the most enterprising in the State. The b. is generally well built, with many elegant dwellings. It contains a bank, with a capital of $510,000, two first-class hotels, a good high-school, with fine building, and 6 churches, of which the Kpiacopal Society has a superior church edifice. The " Waterbury American" (fam.) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,608 ; in 1S50. 5,137. Watkrbi'rv. p. V. and sta., Washington co., Venn. : 12 m. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Waterburv river and other branches of Onion r.. which bounds it on the S. W. The v. near Onion r. is neatly built, and contains 2 churclies. The Vermont Central R. R. passes through it 88 m. fnun Wind- sor, 69 m. from Rouse's Point. The "Industrial Excelsior" (advt-rtising) is issued weekly. Pop. of t 2,352. Waterkohd, t.. p. v., and sta.. New London co., Conn. : 39 m. S. E. Hartford. Bntmded S. by Long Island Sound, and E. by Thames r. Surface uneven ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by rlordan and Niantic rivers, the latter flowing into Niantic bay. whiuh seta up from the sound ' miles — is navigable for sloops, and is quite a resort for fishermen. The village, situate centrally 5 m. W. New London, is neat- ly built. The sta. ia on the New Haven and New London E. R., 4 m. S. W. New London. Pop. of L 2,262. "WATEttFORD, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me, : 49 ni-W. by S. WAT WAT Angusta. The t. contains numerous large ponils. willi level eurface and fertile soil. Crooked river flowa Ibrough its N. and N. E. part. Pop. of t. 1,443. Watekford, p. o.. Racine CO., TTwc. ; on E. Bide Fox r., 65 ni. K. S. K. Madison. Waterford. t. and p. o., Oakland counly, J/i'c7i. ; 60 m. E. by S. Lansing. It contains a larg*.^ number of ponds, which with their iribulariea and outlets water it abundant- ly; al8o2 larceflouring-mills. Pop. 1,0S5. WATEitFtdtD. p. v.. Marshall co., J/w.v'.; nn small branch ofTallahalchie r., 165 m. N. by K. Jai-kson. Watrkford. p. o., Pulton county, III. : on E. side Spoon river, 44 ni. N. W. by N. Springfield. Waterfobd, p. 0., Spencer county, Ky. : 29 m. S. W. Frank forL Watkufobd, t., p. v., and sta., Saratoga en.. JT. V. : 10 m. N. Albany. Bounded E. by Hudson r., aiul W- by Mohawk river, which unite at S. end of the t. Surface rolling; soil alluvial and sandy. The v. is on W. bank of Hu., Jackson county, Mich.: 29 ra, S. E. I»y S. Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Gnmd r., flowing through several large ponds. It contains two large flouriug-mills. Pnp. 1,090. Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Mo.: on N. side Fo.\ r., 131 m. N. by E. jL-fferson City. Waterloo, t., p. v.. sta., and one of the capitals of Seneca CO., A^. Y. : on N. side of Seneca outlet, \m ni. W. by N. Albany. The v. is an important manufacturing place, with considerable trade. It contains the county buildings, an acaurg. Waterloo, p. o., Fauquier co,, Virg.: 85 m. N. by W. Richmond. Waterloo, p. v., Laurens dist., S. C^n: : 60 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Waterport, p. o., Orlciins co., JV. Y.: 242 m. W. by N. Albany. Water Proof, p. o., Tensas par.. La. : 102 m. N. Eaton Rouge. Water Street, p. v.. Huntingdon co., Penn. : on Juniata r.,7o m. W. N. W. llarri:-burg. Il contains a charcoal forge, whieh in 1849 made 1.150 tons of blooms. Watertown, t. and p. v., Litchfield co., Comi.: 25 in. W. S. W. Hartford. Boumled E. by Naugatuck r. and drained by its branches. The Naugatuck R. R. runs along the river side. The v. contains 2 churches and some manu- faclures. I'op. of t. 1,533. Watertown, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mast.: 5}- m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by Charles r., which bounds it on the S., and is navigable to the v. for vessels requiring 6 feet of water. Surface of t. beautifully diversified. In it* E. part is Mount Anluirn Cemetery ami part of Fresh Pon*. The v. conlains 3 churches and a IT. S.?ir.*enal. The Water town Branch R. R. extends to the v. from West Cand>ridgo on Filchburg R. R , which is nnich used by the citizens, many of whom transact iheir rDSBURGi p. T., Culpcpper county, Virff.: 72 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Wayl.vnp's Springs, p. o., Lawrence county, Tenn, .■70 m. S. 9. W. Nashville. Waymart, p. v., Wayne county, Penn. : 115 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Pop. about 100. Wayne county, Gn. Situate S. E.. and contains 716 sq. m. Drained by Little Santilla and Turtle rivers, and by Finholloway cr. and other small streams of Alatamaha r., which forms its N. boundary. Surface low and level ; soil in general fertile, but there are ?ome portions of marshy ground unfit for cultivation — these, when drained, make good grazing land. Farms 172; manuf. 0; dwell. 1S2. and pop.— wh. l,i)SS, fr. col. 5, si. 406— total 1,499. Capital: Waynesville. Wayne county, III. Situate toward the 9. E.. and con- tains 719 sq. m. Little Wabash r. passes through its east- ern section, by which and its branches, Skillett fork and Elm cr., it is ilrained. Surface level, or gently undulating ; soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain, and tobacco in a small quantity. Pork and beef are exported, ready access being had to other markets by means of the Little Wabash. A large portion of the county is prairie and woodland. Farms 492; manuf. 6; dwell. 1.209. and pop.— wh. 6,822, fr. col. 3— total 6.S25. Capital: Fairfield. Wayne county. Iih?. Situate E. on Ohio State line, and contains 42') sq. m. The streams are E. anil fertile, and consists of black mold, with sand ani("l : M.-nticcllo. Waynk county, Jfi--/i. Situate S. K. in the ^nutlu-rti Pe- ninsula, and contains about 600 sq. in. Drained by Huron and Itniiire rivers and their branches, which flow into De- troit r. on the 9. E. Surface levtl ; soil varinu^— a sandy loam, with clay intermixed, prevailiuix- In nmst parts it is fertile, and produces abnmlantly. GofKi water-puwer is supplied by the linuge r. and its trilnitriries. Iron ore of good quality, and limestone are found in this county; also sulphur >prin^:3, the waters of which an* used medicinally. The chief pmducts are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and pnla- toes. Farms 1,6S5; mannf. 214; dwell. 7,0(13. and pop.— wh. 42.1 35^ fr. ol. 721— total 42,750. Otj'iUtl : Di-troit. Puhlir Worka: Michigan Central 11. R.; Deln»it and Ton- tiac li. R. ; Toledo and Detroit R. R. Wavne county, MiM. Situate F. toward the S..and con- tains 7iU sq. m. Drained in the E. by Chiekasuwha r. and its branelu-s, which extend through the N. porlinn of the county, and in the W. and S. by branches of Leaf creek. Surface uneven; soil barren; along the streams there is some goofi land which proves productive. Staples, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 162; manuf. 0; dwHI. 281, and pop.— wh. 1,399, fr. col.—, si. 1,393— total 2.792. Oi/jiM-: WinchfSter. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio R. R. "W'avkr county. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains 94G 6q. ni. St, Francois r. flows through it centrally, by which and ila branches, and by Big lilackwater r. and Castor cr. it is drained. Surface uneven, and in parts broken. Soil in parts very fertile : on the rivers are some boitum-Iands whieh are vt-ry prnduclive, and raise fine crops of wheat am! grain. It contains many minerals, and has excellent timber land. Lake Mieola lies on its S. E. border. Farms 47S ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 699, and pop.— wh. 4,152, fr. col. 6— total 5,233. Oa2>- iUil: Greenville. Waynh county, N". T. Situate N. W.. and conLiins 572 sq. m Drained by Clyde r, which is formed by tlie junc- tion of Mnd cr. and Canandaiiiua r. Surface uneven, aDIe revemie. Some g^iod beds of iron ore are fonnd. Tlu- mountain ridge which runs from E. to W. divides the wa- ters of the N. from those which run S. Sodns bay. Port bay, and Fast bay are on the lake coa*;!. Chief products, wheal anfk.^: Wilmington and Weldon R. R. ; North Carolina Central R. R.. etc. Wavne county, Ohio. Situate toward N. E. of the centre, and contains 569 sq. m. Chippewa r. and Sugar cr. rlrain the E. portion, and Killbuck cr. and its branches the central and eastern. Surface varied, parte being level, and rmieh of it rolling and plea-^antly diversified. Soil consist.* of deep mold, au't on the streams is very fertile. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Live-stock and grain are ex- ported largely. Farms 2,904; mannf Z^O; dwell. 5,713, and pop.— wh. 32,953, fr. col. 28— total 32,981. Capthd: Wdoster. PuhUc Works: Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; I'levclaud, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R- etc Wavnh countj', Pt^nn. Situate N. E., and conUtins 763 sq. m. Drained by Lackawaxen cr. and its affluents and triliuiaricM of Delaware r., which forms its N. E. boundary. Surface hilly and broken: on the streams are some fine tracts of level land; soil fertile. Farms 1,336 ; manuf. 200; dwell. 3,719, and pop.— wh. 21.841, fr. col. 49— total 21,890. Oipitnl : Bethany. Puhlir Works : Delaware and Hudsoa Canal : Penn.«ylvania Coal Company's K. R. "Wayne county, Tenn. . Situate S, toward the W., and contains 694 sq. m. Buffalo river and Shoal cr. and tluir branches, with other affluents of the Tennessee, drain the CO. Surface varied, the larger portion being billy, ami in parts broken; soil, which is a deep mold on the stream.^ is fertile; it is adapleil to wheat and grain. and cotton and to- bacco are produced in c«>nsiderable quantities. Live-stock and grain are exported. Farms 6S9 ; manuf. 10; dwell. 1.216. .nnd pop.— wh. 7.232, fr. col. S, si. 930— total 8.170. C*ij>it"l : Waynesboro". Puhlic Works : Nashville and Memphis R. E. "Wayne county, Hrf?. Erected from Cabell in 1842. Sit- uate W., and contains 412 .sq. m. Drained by Twenty- pvile cr. and branches of Sandy r. Surface broken, and la parts mountainous ; soil in general i.** indifferent, but there are some tracts of land which are fertile, and adapted to the culture of grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Some tobacco is raised. Farms 478: manuf 9; dwell. 749, and pop.— wh. 4,564. fr. col. 7, si. l'^9— total 4.760. Capital: Wayne C. H. Puhlic Works: Covington and Ohio R. R. Wayne, sta , Du Pagf co., 111. : on Galeni and Chicago Union R. R., 83 m. from Chicago. Waynk. t., Allen co., Ind.: lu3 m. N.N.E. Indianapolis. Pop. in 1840, 2,080: in 1850, 5.2SS. Wayne, t. and p. v.. Kennebec county, ^fe.: 17 m. W. Augusta. Androscoggin Pond occupies a large part of this 1.. which has generally a fertile soil, and pleasantly diversi- fied snrfaee. Pop. of t. 1,367. Wayne, p. v- and sta., Wayne co., Mich.: on S. branch of Rotice r., .ind Michigan Central R. R., IS m. from De- troit, 65 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Wayne, t. and p. v., Sienben co., 2T. Y. : 176 m, W. by fl. Albany. Bounded in part on the E. by Little and Mud lakes, and on the W. by Crooked lake. Surface hilly in N. part; .soil. loam and clay. The v. contains 2 churches, aiidll about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,347. Wavne, t. anri p. o , Erie co., Peynu : 1S2 m. N.W. by W. Harrisburg. Pop. of t, about l.OOH. Wayne Centre, p. o., Du Page county, III.: 162 m. N. E. by N. Springfiehl. Wayne Couct-uoi se. p. v.. and cap. Wayne co., Virg.: 279 m. W. by N. Richmond. It contains the county build- ings, etc. Waynesporo*, p. v.. sta.. and cap. Burke co., Ga. : on the Auirusia and Waynesboro* E. R.. 30 m. from Augusta, 66 m. ]■:. Milleilgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, au academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. WAVNKftUoito', p. v., and cap. Wayne co.. -V. Car.: on N. side of Neiise river, near the mouth of Little river, 48 in. S. E. by E. Rab'ii:Ii. It contains the omnly buildings, etc The Norih Carolina Central R. R., connecting with the Wilmington ami Weblon R. R. at Goldaboro', extends W. through this place to Greensboro'. Pop. about 400. Waynksroro'. p. K, X'ranklin co., Pmn,: A^ m. S. "W. Harrisburg. It cont-nins 3 churches, an academy, and 1 bank, capital $100,000. The " Village Record" (neutral) ia issued weekly. Pop. about S50. WAYNES[ioBo\p. v.. and cap. Wayne co., 7>n/?. ; 75 m, S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, slorea,etc, and about 100 inhabitants. 915 WAY WEI Waynesboro', p. v., Augusta co., Virg. : on the line of the Virginia Central R. K.. 86 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. Waynesbueq, p. v., Lincoln co., Ky.: 31 m. S. by E. Frankfort ■WAYNESBrRO, p. V., Stork CO., Ohio: on Sann. Situate N. W., and contains 972 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Obion r., an affluent of the Mississippi. Surface level or rolling; soil /jnnsists of rich black mold, and is in general productive. Wheat, grain, tobacco, and cotton are raised, and pork is exported considerably. Farms 1.467; manuf. 13: dwell. 1,948, and pop.— wh. 11,523, fr. col. 15, si. 3.070— total 14,503. Citpital: Dresden. Public Works: Nashville and Missis- sippi R. R. Weare, t and p. v., Hillsboro' co., N'. Hamp.: 14 m. .S.W.Concord. Surface uneven. Drained by Piscataquis r., which affords water-power. The t. contains numerous grist and saw mills, with several tanneries, cotton and woolen factories, etc. The v. near the centre is pleasantly situated, ^he Merrimac and Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through the V. of East Weare and North Weare, the former 16 m. the latter 19 m. from Manchester. Pop. of L 2,436. Wear's Cove, p. o., Sevier co., Teim. : 177 m. E. by S. Nashville. Weatiieklt, p. o., Carbon county, Penii.: 70 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Weatiiersfikld, t. and p. t., Windsor co.. Term. : on W. side of Connecticut r., 63 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Sur- face uneven ; watered in S. W. part by Black r., which af- fords water-power. Mount Ascutney lies on its N. br)rder. The L contains several pleasant settlements. It has several woolen factories, tanneries, and a variety of mills. Pop. of t. 1,S51. Weatoqtte. eta., Hartford co.. Conn.: on New Haven and Norlhampltm E. R., 40 m. from New Ilaven, 9 m. N, W. Hartford. Weavebsvtlle, p. o., Northampton CO., PeiM, ; 90 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Weaversyillk, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : S7 m. N. by W. Bichmond. Weaversville, p. T., Trinity county, Calif. : ISS m. N. Tallejo. Webb county, Tex. Situate S. W., and contains about 8,500 sq. m. Drained by small streams of tlie Rio Grande and Nueces rivers. Surface level or rolling, and m mostly »lft prairie, the undulations and swells giving it the appellation of the roiling prairie; soil is generally a dark sandy loam, very productive, and yielding very large crops of wheat, grain, cotton, tobacco, sugar, and indigo. Potatoes and other vegetables are also grown. The napal, or prickly pear, abounds. It is extensively wooded. Capitiil: Laredo. Webbek's, sta., Cuumberland co., Me. : on Atlantic and SL Lawrence R. K., 13 m. from Portland, 39 m. S. W. by 9. Augusta. Wki!ber'8 Peaikie, p. o., Travis co., Tex. : 16 m. E. by 8. Austin City. Webb's Ford, p. o., Rutherford co., 2f. Cck*.: 190 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Webb's Mills, p. c, Ritchie Co., Virg. : 225 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. Webb's Millb, p. o., Chemnng co., If. K .' 164 m. W. by S. Albany. Webek county, Utah Tor. Extends from the Bear KiTer mountains to the California boundarip", and is about 40 ra. wide. The E. portion is drained by Bear and Weber rivers, which empty into the Great Salt lake, one-half of which lies in this county. Farms 33; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 227, and pop.— wh. 1,186, fr. col. 0— total 1,1S6. Capital: Browns- ville. Webster, t. .ind p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 21 m. S. W. Augusta. Surface of t. is pleasantly diversified by several small ponds. Interests chiefly agricultural. Popnlatloa of t. 1.110. Webster, t., p. t., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 45 m. S. W. by W. Boston. French r. flows on its W. border, and receives the outlet of a large pond, each of which af- fords great water-power. The v. contains 2 churches and several very large factories of cotton goods. The Norwich and Worcester R. R. passes through it, 43 m. from Nor- wich and 16 m. from Worcester. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,403; inlS50, 2,371. Webster, t and p. o., Washtenaw co.^ Mick.: 44 m. S. E. Lansing. Soil fertile. Watered by Huron r., several ponds, and Portage lake in its N. W. comer. A part of Dexter t. is in this town. Pop. 924. Webster, t and p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 194 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- tario. Soil very fertile. Interests entirely agricultural. Pop. 2,446. Webster, p. o., Wayne county, Jnd. : 60 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Webster, p. 0., Hancock co.. III. : on branch of Crooked cr.. 84 m. N. W. by W. Springfield. Webster, p. o., Winston county, Miss.: 97 m. N. E. Jackson. Webster's Mills, p. o., Fulton cc, Peim. : 63 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Weedowee, p. v., Randolph county, Ala. : on 8. side of branch of Tallapoosa r., SO m. N. E. by E. Montgomery, Weed's Port, p. v. and sta., Cayuga co., iV. Y. : on the Erie Canal and Rochester and Syracuse Direct R. R., 149 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc., and about S50 inhabitants. Wehadkee, p. o., Randolph co., Ala. : 83 m. N. E. by E. Montgomery. Week*s Mills, p. o., Kennebec co.. Me. Weklaunee, p. o., Winnubago co., Wise. : 75 m. N. N. E. Mudison. Weewokaville, p. 0., Talladega co., Ala. : 62 m. N Montgomery. Weqatchie. p. 0., St. Lawrence county, 2f. Y. : 150 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Wehoga, p. o,, Benton co., Ala.: on branch of Talla- poosa r., 100 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. Weir's Bridge, p. o. and sta., Belknap co., 2f. JTamp. : on W. shore of Winnipiseogee lake, and on the Boston, C'Kicnrd, and Montreal R. R., S3 m. from Concord. It is of much summer resort by viailors to the lake, upon wUich WEI WEL a stt-aniboat, starting from this point, plies daily on excur- sion trips. "Weib's Cave, Virg. : this cavern is generally considered one of the most beautiful in the worki, is IG in. N. E. Staun- ton, 81 ra. N. W. by W. Kichmond. It is about 1.2(i0 f.«t long, and divided into numerous apartments, each abuumi- ins: with white limestone pdlars. slalactitfs, and stalairmites of great brilliatn-y, as seen by torches, and with consider- able variety of fnrm and color. Weisbnbubg. t. and p. c, Lehigh county, Penn.: 66 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. The t. ei>ni;iitis numerous disiilleries, tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pup. about l.tUiO. 'WEisKBrKG,p. v., Baltimore CO., J[iL: 44 ra. N. Annapolis. "Wkisport, p. 0., Carbon co., Peniu: 72 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Welaka, p. v., Orange cr, Flor. : on the E. bank of St. John's r.. 27 m. above Pilalka, and 238 m. E. S. E. Talla- hassee. This is a new settlement, but is expected to become a place of considerable commerce, since, by running steam- ers up to this point, the present pnle-boal navigation to Pilatka. which is frequently dangerous, would be avoided. Very near the v., ami near the bank of the r.. are the Welaka Sulphur t>prings, and about 2 m. distant are the Magnolia Springs — one sulphur and the other magnesia. Game and fish are abundant "Welch's Mills, p. o., Cabarras county, K. Car.: 96 m. W. by S. Kaleigh. ■Welchtille, p. 0., Oxford co., JP. .■ 45 m. "W. Augusta. Weld, i, and p. o.. Franklin co.. Me. : 40 m. N. W. by N. Augusta. Drained by streams flowing into Weld Pond, in the S. central parL Surface diveraifled, with fertile soil. Pop. 995. Weldon. p. v., and sla., Halifax co., N. Car.: on S. "W. bank of Roanoke r, 70 m. N. E. Raleigh. The Roanoke here baa a great fall, but is naviirable for vessels of 75 tons. A canal around the falls, \2 ni. long, with lockage of 100 feet, extends navigjition to Staunton r., al>out*.;00m. The "Wilmington and Wcldon R. R (from Wilmington 1(}2 ra.), here connects with Petersburg K. K., 64 m. long.. Sea-board and Roanoke R. R. to Portsmouth, 80 m., and Gaston and Wcldon R. R. The v. has a good site, and possesses con- siderable trade. The " Weldon Herald" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. about 600. Weld's La,ndcjo, p. c, Dubuque co., Ta, : on S. W. bank of Mississippi r.. 72 m. N. E. by N. Iowa City. WfiLftuKN, p. v., and cap. Coffee co.. Ala. : SI m. S. S. E. Montgomery. It contains the ccunty buildings. Wellbobn's Mills, p. o., Houston co., Ga. : on S. aide of branch of Ocmulgce r., 42 ra. S. W. by S. Milledgeville. Welleksbuko, p. v., Somerset co., Petm. : luS m.W. S.W. Harrisburg. Wellervtlle, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio: 60 ni. N. Columbus. Wellfleet, t and p. v., Bamst:ible co., Mans.: 5S m. S. E. by E. Boston. The t, extends across Cape Cod, and has a sandy soil. Wellfleet bay, upon which the v. is sit- uated, affords good harborage. The v. employs considerable shippini; in the fisheries and coasting trade, and is largely engaged in the manufacture of salt. Pop. of t. 2.411. Welllngton, L and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me.: 53 m. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 600. Wellington, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo.: on S. bank of Missouri r., 106 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Wellington, p. o., Morgan co., 6a. : 42 ra. N. by W. Milled Seville. Wellin'jton, t., p. T., and sta., Lorain co., Ohio: 89 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by W. branch of Black r. The Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus R. R. passes through, 36 m. from CloveUml, 99 m. from Columbus, and 219 m. from Cincinnati. Pop. of t. in 1S4'1, 7«1 ; in 1S50, 1,556. Wkllingtok, p. 0., Lake co., HI.: 190 m. N. E, by N. Springfield. Welij> county, Jnd. Situate N. E. middle, and contains 372 sq. m. Drained by Up|)er Wabash and Salamonie rivers. Surface level, or geiiily uniiiilaiing, well timbered, and the soil utiiveraally tjood. Tlierc are ^ome wet prairies and marshes. Farms C4'J ; manuf. 14; dwell. I,(i21, and pop.— wli. 6.141, fr. eol. U— tolal G.152. OtpiUil : Biufl^on- PnhUc Works : Kurt Wayne and Southern U. R. Wi-LLs, t., p. v., and sla., York co., Me.: SI m. S. S. W. Augusta. Soil inferior and marshy. Drained by small sireams Ilowini: into the Atlantic Ocean. The harbor of the V. admits small vessels, of which a considerable number are erajiloycd in [he coxslinii; trade. The t. coniains numerous mdls, with several taimeries. The Portland, Suco, and I'orismouih R. R. passes through the L, 2s miles from Port- land, and 23 m. from Portsmouth. Pop. of U 2,945. \V ELLS, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., N. Y. : 69 m. N. N. W. Albany. Surtaee diversified. Drained by Sacaudaga r. Pop. about 400. Wells, t and p. v., Rutland co., Vei-in. : 67 m. 3. S. W. Montpelier. Surface of t. diversitit'd, containing Lake Aus- tin, extending nearly through the t. Irom Foultney centrally S., the outlet of which flowing into Pacolet r, affords water- power. The V. is situaled on this outlet. Pop. oft. 804. Well's island, Jefferson co., N. Y.: is one of the largest of the Thousand Islands, in the St. Lawrence river. It ia attached to the t. of Clayton, and is of note, from the burn- ing of the steamer Sir Robert Peel in the vicinity, during the Canadian Rebellion. Weli-s river. Verm.: is an important mill-stream, flowing from Lung Pond, in Groton, S. E. to its entrance into the Coimecliout at Wells River village. Welusboho', p. b., and cap., Tioga co., Penn. : 102 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Itcontains a courl-house, jail, stores, etc., and an academy. A plank road extends hence to Tioga. The •' Wellaboro' Advertiser" (whig) is here pub- lished. Pop. 620. Weli^burg, p. o., St. Charles co., Mo.: 7S m. E. by N. Jefferson City. AVeli-sbukg, p. o, and sta., Chemung co., JV". Y. : on Erie R. R., 276 m. from New York, 193 m. from Dunkirk, and 162ra. W. S. W. Albany. Wellsbcrg, p. V. and cap. Brooke co., Virff. ; on the E. side of Ohio r.. at the niouih of Buffalo cr., 250 m. N. W. Richmond. It has an elevated and beautiful situation, and was laid out in 17S9. It contains tlie ctiuiily buildings, 5 churches, 3 seminaries, and 1 bank, capital |lls,0()0. It h.as very extensive trade with the river towns and New Or- leans. Its principal raamifaclures are earthen and stone ware, glass and flour. The "Millennial IlarluuKer," and " Wellsl'urg H<-rald" (iudep.). are issued weekly. In the vicinity are great bods of bituminous coal. Pop. about2,200. Well's Cokneb, p. o., Orange co., A^. Y. : 9G m. S. S. W. Albany. Well's Corners, p. o., Erie co., PenJi. : 195 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Welt.soot, p. o., Union county, Ga. : 137 m. N. by W. Milicdneville. Well's DkpAt.p. o. and sla., York co., J^. ; on Portland, Saco, and Pnrlsniouth R. R.. 2S m. from Portland, 23 in. fntm Portamnulh, s.'i m. S. S. W. Augusta. Well's Mills, p. o., Appanoy Iloneoyo or., wlii.-h .iffords water-power. The v. has an elevated site, and eontaiiis 3 cluirches, with stores, etc. The Canandaigua and Niagara Fails E. K. passes through it. Pop. of 1. 1.69S. West Bolton, p. o., Chittenden county, Venn. : IS m. N. "W. liy W. Monlpflier. Wbstboro', t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., .1/iw.s. ; 29 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly iliversifled, and containing several ponds; soil fertile. Drained by branches cfSudbury and Concord rivers, whieh afford wuter-powcr. The Btiston and Worcester K. U. pa^'^es through S. part of t, 32 m. from Boston. 13 m. from Worcester. In this t. is located the State Reform School for boys, which generally contains about 300 inmates. Pop. oft. 2.376. Westboro', p. o., Clinton county, Ok/'o : 54 ra. 3. W. Columbus. West EosrAWEN, p. o., Merrimac co., jV. /Tamp. : 12 m. N. W. Concord. West Boxfobd, p. o., Esssx co., Masn, : 24 m. N. Boston. West Botlstox, t, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mtis*. : 86 ra. W. Boston. Drained by branches of N;ishua r., which afford water-power to various factories. The Worcester and Nashua II. K. passes through tlie v., 9 m. from Worcester, 80 m. from Nashua. Pop. uf t. 1,749. West Bbainthee, p. o.. Orange county, Verm.: 22 m. W. by S. Monlpelier. West Branch, p. o., Oneida co., 2^, Y, : on branch of Mohawk r., 10-2 m. W. X. W. Albany. West Beattleboro', p. v. Windham co., Venn.: 102 m. 6. Monlpelier. West Beewsteh, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. Boston. West Britigewater, t, and p. v., Plymouth co., JAm.^. ; 24 m. S. Boston. Surface level : drained by a large branch of Taunton r., which affords water-powi-r. The Fall River S. R. touches its E. border. Pop, of t. 1,447. West Brook, t.. p. v., and sta., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 36 m. S. by K. Hartford. Bounded S. by Long Island Sound. The New Haven and New London R. E. passes through, 26 m. from New Haven, 24 m. from New London. Popu- lation oft. 1.'203. West Brook, p. o., Bladen co., iV. Car. : on W. side of Cape Fear r., S3 m. S. by E. R.ileigb. West Brookfifld, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co. Mdss. : 57 ra. W. by S. Boston. Surface pleasantly diversifle'i. and contains a handsome pond. The Western K. R. passes through the S. part of t., 25 m. from Worcester, 69 m. from Boston. Pop. of L l,:i44. West Bkocjkfield, p. o., Stark county, Ohio: 100 miles N. E. by E. Columbus. Wf-st Beookville, p. T., Hancock co., Me. : 52 m. E. Augusta. West Brookvllle, p. v., Sullivan co., A'i Y. : 84 m. S. S.W. Albany. West Brownsville, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 175 m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 477. West Buckfield, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : S2 m. W. by S. Augusta. West Butfalo. p. o., Scott co., la. : on W. side Missia- Bippi r., 41 m. E. S. E. Iowa City. West Bueungton, p. o., Otaego co., K. Y. : 74 m. W. Albany. Wkst Bdt.lixgton, p. 0., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. Harrisburg. Westbubt, p. c, Wayne co., 2T. Y. : 160 m. W. by N. Albany. W]:sT EuTLEK, p. o., Waj-ne co., N'. Y.: 163 m. W. by N. Albany. West Btxton, p. o., York county. Me. : 63 m. S. W. Augusta. West Cambrtdge, t., p. v., and sta., Midd]e3ex co,, Mass. i G m N. W. Bi'Slon. Surface in S. E. part U-vel, low, and somewhat marshy; in the middle more elevated and dry; in N. W. pari broken and rocky. It contains Spy and Little ponds with part of Fresh Pond, whirh are very beautiful sheets of water, abounding with t!sh, and furni?;hing great quantities of ire for Boston market and exportation. Soil fertile and highly cultivated. Great quaniilies of garden vegetables and fruit are raised for the Boston markets. M;tnufaoturing establislirnents are not numerous. Many persons here residing transact their daily business in Bos- ton, to which trains run hourly, over the Fttehbnrg R. R. The Lexington and West Cambridge Braneh R. R extends hence to Lexington v., 5 m. This t. and vicinity are of much historical interest. The valuation of properly in this I., in IMO, was $472,423 ; in 1S50, $1,671,644. Pop. of t. in 1S40, l,.3t;3; in 1850,2,202. Wevt Camden, p. o., Waldo county, Me.: S9 m. E. S. E. Augusta. West Camden, p. o. and sta., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on Walertown and Rome R. R., 23 m. from Rome, 120 m. W. N. W. Albany. West Caaieron, p. o., Steuben co., 2i. Y. : 196 m. W. by S. Albany. West Camp, p. v., Ulster co., 2i. Y. : on W. side of Hud- son r., -SS m. S. by W. Albany. West Ca.mpton, p. o., Grafton county, N. Ilamp. : 43 m. N. by W. Concord. West Canada creek, K Y. : rises in Hamilton co., flows S. W., S. E., and S.. and empties into Mohawk r.. 1 ul below Herkimer v. It has a very rapid current, aff'>riling great water-power. 1(3 principal descent is at Trenton Falls, 2fl m. above its mouth, where it has a descent of more than .300 feet in 4 miles. Wf«t Canaan, p. o. and sta., Graflon co., K ITamp. : on Northern R. R., 56 ra. from Concord, 13 m. from W. Lebanon. West Candor, p. o., Tioga co.. A'. Y. : 14'j m. W. by S. Albany. West Carlisle, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio : 85 m. EJ^'.E. Columbus. AVF.--T Carlton, p. o., Orleans county, y. Y.: 240 m. W. by N. Albany. WestCayl'ta, p. o., Chemung CO., A^. i* ; 153m.W. byS. Albany. West Charleston, p. o., Penobscot county. Me.: 64 m. N. E. Augusta. Wkst CuAitLE-sToN, p. v., Miarai co., Ohio: ."53 m. W. Cidumbns. West Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : on N. side of Clyde r., 50 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. WtsT Charlton, p. v., Saratoga county, iV. K; 24 m. N. W. by N. Alh.iny. West Chazv, p. v., and sta., Clinton co., y. Y. : on Platta* burg and M<'nlreal R. It., 10 m. from PlattAburg. 52 nu from Mcmireal, 152 m. N. Albany. It contains a cliurch, stores,- etc., and several mills on Little Chazy r. Wh^t CiiKLMsFouD, p. V., Middlesex oo., Mtifis.: 23 m. N. W. Boston. Westciu:stkk county, X, Y. Situate S. E., and contaifl* 470 sq. m. Draineii by Cri)lon, Sawmill, and Bronx rivciH^. whii'Ii supply good waler. Surface generally hilly,, tj©»«ff broken by nunu-rous ridges, runidng oliiefly from S. W'j to N. K. ; soil naturally indilferenl, but where cultivated ia-pro- diielive. Good crops of corn are raised, and fruit* and vegetables in considerable (juantity. These, with wheatand Indian corn, form the staple productions. This eounly, is. rich in minerals. At Sing-Sing marble is found iiv abund- ance, and in the vicinity is a copper mine formerly w.r;jugtit^ 919> WES WES but forsome lime abandoned. Itcont;iinaCroton lake, which. by means of an aqueduct, supplies New York with a con- stancy of fresh walyr. Farms 2,5S7 ; mantif. :39(J ; dwell. 8,754, and pop.— wh. 56.217, fr. col. 2,04G~tol!il 5s,2i:3. Cap- itals : Bedlbrd and "Wliite Plains. I'lihlicWorks : Huds.: 89 m. N. W. Concord. WtST Enfield, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 72 ra. N. E. of Augusta. West Enosburg, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 54 m. W. by N. Montpelier. Westerloo, L and p. v., Albany co., IT. Y. : 17 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by Provost cr. and other branches of Calskill r. The L contains several grist and saw mills, but the inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, etc. Pop. 2,860. Westerloo island, Albany co., N. Y.: lies in the Hud- son r., in Alhany co., opposite Bethlehem, to which i. it is attached. It is 2 ra. long, J ra. wide, and of extraordinary fertility. Wf:sTEBLY,t.,p. v.,and sta., Washington co., U. L: 26 ra. W. by S. Newporl. Bounded S. by the Atlantic and W. by ConnecticuL Pawtucket r. flows on its N. and W. border, afi"ording watcr-powir to numerous mills and factories. Tho t. has an uneven surface, and contains several stores, 8 churches, and 3 batiks, capital $325,000. It ha.s consider- able coasting trade and ship-building. The Stonington and Providence R. R. passes through it, 5 ui. from Stonington, 45 m. from Providence. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,912 ; in 1S50, 2,766. Wf^terman's Mills, p. o., Baltimore co., Md, ; on Bal- timore and Susquehanna B. B., 13 m. fh)m Baltimore. WES WES Western Fokd, p. o., KanJoIph co., Viiy. : on W. side of Clit-at r., 163 m. N. W. Itichmouil. ■VVasTEBSPoitT, p. v., Alleghany CO., 3f'f. : on N. si'Ie Potomac r, 135 m. "W. by N. Annapolis. II is conncrled liy railroad with the coal mines, and will become an important place of iiep()sil. Westecs rKoNC, p. o., Bladen Co., N. Car, : about 2 m. W. White Marsh cr., 84 m. S. Raleigh. Westeen Sak.itoua, p. o.. Union co.. III. : 1(32 m. S. by E. Spriniifield. "Westeen Stab. p. 0., Summit county, Oliio: 96 m. N. E. Columbus. "Wksternville, p. v., Oneida co., 3''. }'. .• on Mohawk r. and Black Kiver Canal, SO m. W. N. W. Albany. It con- tains 2 churches, several stores, ami mills. Pop. about 300. Westeenville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio : 12 m. Columbus. West Exetej:, p. o., Otsego Co., X. Y. : 70 m. W. by N. Albany. West Fairfield, p. v., Westmoreland Co., Penn, : on a small branch of Conemaugh r., 115 m. W. Ilarrisburg. In the vicinity is a charcoal hot-blast furnace, with annual ca- pacity of 1,800 tons, employing SO men; also a charcoal coal-blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1,10(1 tons, em- ploying 40 men. West Kaiiilee, t and p. v.. Orange Co., Verm.: 2S m. S. E. Montpelier. Surface mountainous. Drained by branches of Onipompanoosuc r. Pop. GOO. West FALiii, p. o., Erie Co., ST. Y. : 264 m. W. Albany. West Falmoi-tu, p. v., Cumberland county, Jfe ; 4S m. B. W. by S. Augusta. West FALMOCTn, p. v., Barnstable county, JA(.s.<. ; 63 m. 8. 8. E. Boston. West Fabmington, p. o., Ontario county, y. Y. : 169 m. W. by N. Albany. West Fabms. t. and p. v., Westchester Co., X. Y. : 126 m. 8. Albany. The t. is bomided E. by Bronx r. and W. by Harlem r.. and contains several pleasant villages on the Harlem R. R. The v. on Bronx r. conlains 4 churches and several factories. Several sloops ply to New York, convey- ing country produce to the city markets. Pop. of I. 4,4'!6. West Fayette, p. o., Seneca co., Jf. Y. : 165 m. W. by N. Albany. Westfield, p. o., Clark Co., III. : 90 m. E. by S. Springfield. Westfieed, p. o., Hamilton county, Ind. : 18 miles N. Indianapolis. Westeield, t, p. v., and sla., Hampden CO., 3fass. : 74 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface diversified. Drained by West- field r. and its branch, I.illle r., which afford water-power to numerous manufactories. The v. is handsomely situated on a plain, and is neatly built. In the centre is a public ground, fronting which are the principal churches and ho- tels. The V. contains a town-house. State normal schrMiI, an academy, several churches, and 2 banks, capital $200,000. The Western U. R. passes through it, 9 m. from Springfield, 64 m. from Worcester, 108 m. from Boston, and 02 m. from Albany. The'- News-Letter" (whig) and " Standard" (dem.) are issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,526 ; in 1S60, 4,156. Westfield, t., p. v., and sta., Essex co., X. Jer.: 36 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Surface in S. part level, in N. part hilly. The L contains several flouring and grist mills. The New Jersey Central It. R. passes through, 2:3 m. from New York, 55 m. from Easton. Pop. 1.575. Westfieli>, t., p. v.. and sta., Chautauque co., N. Y.: 806 ro. W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly, declining tnwaril Lake Eric, which bounds it on the N. Drained by chaiilauque cr. and oUier streams. The v. on Chautauque cr, IJ m- f"'"^ the lake, contains several manufacturing establishinenl-s and mills, a bank, 4 churches, an academy, elc. and about 1,000 inhabitants. The liuffalo and State Line R. K. pa8.«e» through it,.'.i in. from Butfalo. The " Westfiel.l Messenger" (whig) is here published. Pop. of t. 8.100. Westfield, L and p. v.. Morrow co.. fllnn : 31 m. N. Columbus. Drained by E. branch of Whetstone r. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. passes through its E. part. Pop. of t. 1,414. Westfield. t. ami p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: on S. side of Cowaiiesque cr., 117 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Population of t. 1,000, Wf-stkiei.d, t. and p. o., Orleans county. Verm.: 41 ra. N. by E. Montpelier. Surface cliversifled. Drained by branches of Missisque r. Pop. 502. Westfielu, p. o., Marquette Co., Wise. : 60 m. N. by E. Madison. West Finlev. t. anil p. v., Washington co., Penn.: sur- face very hilly. Drained by branches of Wheeling er. The IIempHeld P.. K. will pass through its N. part. Population about 1,200. West Fitchbttrg, p. v. and sta., Worcester co., MST MtuDLESEX, p. o., MerccF County, Penn.: 190 m. W. N. W. llarrisburs;. West M iduletown, p. b., Washington co., Penn. : ISO m. W. llarrisburg. I*op. al>out 300. West Milan, sta., Coos co., A' Uamp. : on Ihe Atlantic and St. Lawrence li. R., 110 m. fr<^m Portland; 95 m. N. Concord. West Milfof.d, t. and p. o., Passaic Co., N. Jer. : 60 m. N.N. E. Trenton. The t. contains a large number offorgeB, wilh sevend tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. 2,624. W^sT MiLFOHD, p. 0.. Harrison county, Virg.: 200 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. West Milebury, p. v., Worcester county, Mann. : 3S ni. W. S. W. Boston. West Mill Grove, p. o., Wood co., O?iio : S9 m. N. N. W. Columbus. West Milton, p. v., Saratoga co., X. Y.: 2^ m. N. by W. Albany. West Milton, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: 72 ra. W. Columbus. West Milton, p. v., Chittenden co., Venti.: on S. side of Lam-iille r., 36 m. N. W. Monli)elier. West Minot, p. o., Cumberland co., Me. : 31 ra. S. W. I)y W. Auirusta. Westminster, p. v., Windbara co., Coiiii. : 34 m. E. by S. Harif.rd. Westminster, p. v.. and cap. Carroll county. MI. : 47 ra. N. W. by N. Annapolis. It contains the {-(mnly buildiuf^s, several churches, and 1 bank, cap. :fll0.i)00. The "Carroll- tonian'' (whig), and " Carri>Il Co. Democrat," are issued ■weekly. The Westminster Branch R. R.. diverging from the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R. at the Relay House, 7 m. N. to Baliimnre. is in construction to this place. Poj). in 1S50 7>t wh., and 51 fr. col.— total S35. Westminster, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mimn, : 45 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by affluents of Nashua r. The V. contains 3 churches. The sta.. on Vermont and Mass;icliusitt.s R. R., 5 m. from Fitchburg. is in its N. E. port. I'.ip. oft. 1.9ie. Westminster, p. v., Guilford co., A''. Car.: "Om. W. N.W. EaU'igh. Westminster, p. v., Allen county, OJiio : 72 m. N. W. Columbus; Westminster, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: 69 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Wt::stminster. t., p. v., and sta., Windham co., V>'nn. : on W. side of Ci'imecticut r., S4 m. S. by E, Monlpelier. The V. is beautifully situated, and neatly built. The Vermont Viillfv R. R. pusses Ibmutrb it, 4 in. from Bellows Falls, 20 m. from BrattU-boro*. P(tp. of t. 1,721. Westminster West, p. v., Windham co., Veryn.: 86 m- S. by E. Monipidier. West Monroe, t. and p. o., Oswego co., K. Y, : 130 m. W. by N. Albany. Bounded S. by Om-ida lake. Surface level. Dramed by Bog cr. Pop. 1.197. West.mukelani) county, Pntn. Situate toward the S. W., and contains 9s9 sq. m. Drained by L"yiilluiuna and Youghi'igheny rivers, and by Sewickly cr. and Beaver Dam run. Surface uneven and in parts mountainous; snil very productive. Staples, wheat, Imliun corn, and potatoes. Tobacco is also cultivated. The N. W. is bounded by the .\lleghany river. Earnis 4,013; manuf. 5SG; dwell. y,350, and pop,— wb. 51,2S0. fr. col. 44tj — total 51.726. Capital: Greensburg. Puhlic Works: Pennsylvania R. R. ; Ilemp- fiel3 'R. R. ; Alleghany Valley R. R. ; Pennsylvania Canal. West.mokeland county, Virg. Situate N. E., and con- tains 1G2 sq. ui. Drained by small streams flowing into the Potomac and RappabaunocU rivers. Surface level; soil fertile and adajiled to grain and grazing. Chief pro- ducts, wheat and Indian corn, wilh cotton. Earnis 443; maimf. 5; dwell. S69. and pop.— wh. 3,4in, fr. col. 1,113, si. 3.o5»— total S,U$0. CapiUil : Westmoreland C. H. Westmoreland, p. o., Dallas county, Ala.: 50 m. W- Montgomery. West.moreland, t. and p.o., Cheshire co., A' Iltnnp.: on E. side of Connecticut r., 4o ni. W. S. W. Concord. Surface unevtu; S"il moderately fertile. The Cheshire R. R. passes through its N. E. part. Pop. 1,677. Wic8tmoi:elani>, t. and p. o., Oneida county, iV. Y. : 93 m. W. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. level; soil rich loam. Interests chiefly agricultural, but contaius several saw-mills and tanneries. Pop. 3,291. Westmoi'.eland C. H., p. v., and cap. Westmoreland co., Vir/j.: 50 ra. N. E. Richmond. It contains the county buildings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 180, Westmoreland Dep6t, p. v. and sUi., Cheshire county, A' Ikihij: : on Cheshire E. R., 54 m. from Fitchburg, and 10 m. fnim Bellows Falls. Westmorelandville, p. v., Lauderdale co.,Ala.: 193 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. West Nefdham. p. v. and sta., Norfolk co., 3fass.: on Boston and Worcester R. R., 15 ra. from Boston. West Newark, p v., Tioga co., A^. J'. ; 130 m. W. by S. Albany. We^t Newul-kt, t. and p. v., Essex co., Man-^.: on S. side of Merrimac r, 31 m. N. Boston. Interests of t. are chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1.746. West Newfiei.d, p. o., York co.. Me. : on N. side of Little Ossipee r., 7S m. S. W. Augusta. West Newport, p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 46 m. N. by K Monlpelier. West Newstead, p. o., Eric co., Al Y. : 252 ra. W. by N. Albany. West Newton, p. v, and sta., Middlesex co., MnM.: on Boston and Worcester R. R.. 9 in. from Boston. It is hand- somely built, and contains a StJite Normal school for female teachers. ^ West Newton, p. o., Allen co., Ohio: 82 m. W. N. W. Columbus. West Newton, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn.: on E. bank of Youghioghcny r., 146 in. W. Harrisburg. Tbo Hempflfid R. R. wdl pa-ss through this place. Pi>p. 771. Wi-SiT Miles, p. o., Cayuga co., K. Y. : 142 m. W. Alb-iny. West Norfolk, p. v., Litchtleld county, Cotrn.: 82 m- N. W. by W. Hartford. West Northfield, p. o., Franklin county, Mass. : 74 m. W. N. W. Boston. WES WES West Nortiiwood, p. o., Rockingham co., N. Ilamp. : 16 ni. K. Conconi. Wist Ogden, p. o., Lenawee co., Midi : 75 m. S. S. E. Lansing;. Weston, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Co7in.: 58 ra. S. W. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Saugaluclc r. and brancli, wliiili .iffufti water-power. The v. contains an academy and church. The chief interests of the t. are egriculUiral. Pop. of 1. 1,063. Westi.x, p. v., Jo Daviess co., Jlf. : 175 m. N. by W, Bprinijfield. We;;ton, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : 135 m. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 293. Weston, t., p. v., and sta,, Middlesex co., Mass.: 11 m. W. Boston. Surface of t pk-aaanlly diversified. The cen- tral v., built chiefly on one street, contains 2 churches. The station is in N. part of t., on Fitchburg K. K.. 13 ra. from Boston. The Boston and Worcester, E. E. crosses S. E. comer of L Pop. of t. 1,«05. Weston, p. v., Platte co., Mo. : on N. E. side of Missouri f., 161 m. AV. N. W. Jefferson City. It has a gnod situation, and carries on extensfi'e business and trade. The " Weston Reporter" (whig), and " Platte Argus'' (deni.), are published weekly. Weston, p. v., Somerset co., N. Jer..: on the Delaware EHd Earitan Canal, and E. side of Millstone r., 22 m. N.N.E. rrenton. Weston, t and p. v., Wood co., Ohio : on S. side of Mau- mee r., 107 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Beaver cr. Pop. 546. Weston, p. o., Steuben county, y. Y. : 188 m. W. by S. Albany. Weston, t and p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 66 tn. S. Montpelier. Drained by West r., which furnishes mill sites. The V. near the centre contains several manufacturing estab- lishments, and two churches. Pop. of t. 950. Weston, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Virg. : on W. fork of Monongahela r, 18S m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It con- tains the county buildings, several stores, etc. The " Weston Sentinel" (dem.) is issueil weekly. Pop. about 250. West Oneonta, p. c, Otsego co., iV. Y. : 72 m. W. by S. Albany. West Onondaga, p. v., Onondaga co., IT. Y: tS3 m. W. by N. Albany. West Obsipee, p. v., Carroll co., 2^. ITamp. : on 8. side of Bear Camp r., 40 m. N. by E. Concord. West Otis, p. v., Berkshire co., Mass: 106 m. W. by S. Boston. West Parsonsfield, p. T.,Tork co.. Me. : 76 m. S.W. by W. Augusta. West Pknn, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 60 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The t, has a hilly surface, gravelly and sterile soil, and al)0und3 in anthracite coal. Pop. about 1,500. West Pekevsburg, p. c, Cattaraugus co., iV". Y. : 275 m. W. Albany. West Perth, p. o., Fulton co., JV". Y: 86 m. N. W. Albany, West Peeu, p. o., Oxford county, Me.: 36 m. W. by N. Augusta. Westphalia, p. v.. Osage co., 3To. : on W. bank Mauvais cr., a tributary of Osage r., 13 ra. S. E. Jefl'erson City. West PniLAr>ELPHiA, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : onW. side of Schuylkill r., directly opposite the city proper, with which it is partly associated in municipal government, but has also a separate local government of commissioners. In its W. part are the extensive buildings of the Pennsyl- vania Hospital for the Insane. Pop. in 1840, 2,896; in 1850. 5,670. West Pieepont, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 168 m. N. E. Columbus. West Pike, p. o., Potter co., Penn. : 110 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. West Pittsfibld, p. t., Berkshire co., Mass. : 117 m. W. Boston. 9U West Plains, p. v., Oregon co., 3fo.: 127 m. S. byB. Jefferson City. West pLATTSBur.G, p. v., Clinton county, K. Y. : 142 m. N. by E. Albany. West Plymouth, p. v., Grafton eo., IT. Hump. : 87 m. N. by W. Concord. West Point, p. v. and sta., Troup co., Ga.: on E. side of Chaltahoochie r., 119 ra. W. by S. Milledgevllle. The Lagrange E. E. extends to this place from Atlanta, 87 m^ and connects with Montgomery and West Point E. R., thence to Montgomery, 8S m. These important thorough- fares have made this a place of considerable trade. Pop, about 45 ). West Point, p. o., Cass co.. Mo.: 120 m. W. Jefferson City. AVest Point, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 60 m. N. W* Indianapolis. Pop. about 350. West Point, p. o., Lee co., In. : 62 m. 8. Iowa City. West Point, p. v.. Hardin co., Jii/. : on S. side of Ohio r^ at mouth of Salt r., 5S m. W. by 8. Frankfort. Population about 200. West Point, p. v.. Lowndes co., Miss.: 2 m. N^Oka- tibbehah r., 125 m. N. E. Jackson. West Point, p. v., Orange co., JV. Y. ; on W. bank of Hudson r., 91 m. 8. by W. Albany. Lat. 410 23' 31.2" N., long. 73° 57' 03" W. The U. 8. Mditary Academy, here lo^ caled, was established in lSn2. Its site, with 250 acres at- tached, was ceded by New York to the United States in 1S26. It occupies an elevated plain, commanding most d^ lightful views of the river and vicinity, and is surrounded by high hills. The buildings are numerous, and hand- somely built of stone. The number of cadets is 250, of in- structors 35. The course of instruction, chiefly military and Bcientiflc, is of the highest order, and occupies four years. Upon graduation, the cadets are immediately appointed as officers in the U. 8. army. The average annual appropria- tion of Congress for this academy is $160,000. This place is of great historical interest, from its connection with the Eevolution. In 1777 it was fortified and occupied by the American array, and during the war was garrisoned by a strong division of troops. A verj' massive chain was here stretched across the Hudson, thus preventing, with the aid of the forts, the British from ascending the Hudson and communicating with the Canadian provinces. The ruins of Fort Putnam are still seen. In 1794 a military school was here commenced, but the building was destroyed by fire two years afterward, and the school suspended until 1802, when the present academy was organized. West Point, p. v., Orange co., A'. Car.: 25 m. N. W. Ealeigb. West Point, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on N. side of branch of Little Eoaver r, 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. West Point, p. o., Lawrence co., Teiin. : 72 m. 8. 8. W. Nashville. West Poland, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 86 nu S. W. by W. Augusta. Wbstpoet, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Coii?i. : 55 m, 8. W. Hartford. Drained by Saugatuck r., which affords water-power. The v., on both sides of the Saugatuck r., contains 2 churches, the Saugatuck iron-works, a very ex- tensive establishment, with several cotton and other factor- ies. The New York and New Haven E. K. passes through it. 47 m. from New York, 29 m. from New Haven. Pop. of U in 1840. 1,S03 ; in 1S50, 2.649. Westpoet, p. v., Decatur co., /;«?. ; on W. side of Sandy cr., 70 m. 8. E. by 8. Indianapolis. Westport, p. v., and cap. Oldham co., JTy. ; on S. E. bank of Ohio r.. 86 m. W. N. W. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings, 2 churches, and several stores. Popula- tion about 800. WisTPor.T, p. o., Clinton co., Penn.: 80 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg. Westport, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 29 m. S. by 1&, WE3 WES Augusta. Bounded E. by Sbeepscot n and S. and W. by Sheepscot bay. Pop. 761. "Wkstport, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mitss. : on "W. side of Acoalisett r., 51 m. S. Boston. The t. contains several man- ufactories. Many of the iuhabilants are engaged in llir fisheries. Pop. of t. 2J95. WESTroRT, p. v., Jackaon co., Mo. : on "W. line of the State, 4 m. S. Missouri r., 136 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Ppp. about 3U0. Westpobt, p. V. and sta., Cheshire co., K Hamp. : on Ashuelni K. It., 8 m. from Kceiie, 49 m. S. "W. by S. Conci>r(I. "We^tport, t. and p. v., Kssex co., N. Y. : on W. side of Lake Champlain, 106 miles N. by E. Albany. Drained by small slreams flowing inlo the lake. The v. at the head of Northwest bay contains 3 churches, several stores, and about 650 inhabitants. The '■ Weslport Courier" (dera.) and '• (Hd Settler" (lit,) are here published. A ferry plies hence across the lake to Basin Harbor, Verm. Pop. of t. 2.352. "Westport Point, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 59 m. 3. Boston. "West Potsdam, p. v., St. Lawrence co., iV. Y. : 156 m. "W. by N. Alhany. "West Poultnev, p. v.. Uutland co., Venn. : 61 m. 3. W. by S. Monlpelier. Uere is luxated the Troy Conference Aondemy, a flnurishing Mi-Ihodir*t institution. West Prairie, Stoddard co., Mo. : 18U m. S. E. Jefferson City. West Handolph, p. v. and sta., Orange co., Verm.: 25 m. S. Montpelier. It contains several mills on a branch of White river, a church, stores, ete. The Vermont Central E. K. passes through, 46 m. from Windsor, 31 m. from Montpelier, 111 m. from liouse'a Point. West Ru-let, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 49 m. N. N, E. Augusta. West Etver, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 7 m. S. S.W. Aimapolis, West Rives, p. o., Jackson co., Mich.: 27 m. E. by S. Lansing. West EornESTER, p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : 2S m. 3. by E. Montpelier. West Eosenhale. p. o., Fond du Lac co., K7.sc. : 64 m. IS. E. by N. Madison. West Roxbuuy, L, p. v.. and sla., Norfolk co., 3ftiss. : on DeJham Braneh U. II., 6 m. S. W. Boston. Incorporated In 1S51. West Rfsxnet, p. o. and sta., Graflon co., JV ITamp. : on S. side of Baker's r.. 44 m. N.N.W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal li. li. passes through, 63 m. from Concord. West Rupert, p. v. and sta., Bennington counly, Verm. : T6 m. S. S. W. M<.ntpelier. The Rutland and Washiugton K. R. passes through it, 47 miles from Troy, 3S miles from Butland. West Rush, p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 208 m. W. by N. Albany. West Rubuvillk, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on W. side of Eush cr, 31 m. E. 3. E. Co!uml)U3. West Rutland, p. v. and sta., Rutland co., Verm. : on W. side of Otter cr., 51 m. 3. 3. W. Montpelier. The Rut- land and Washington R. R. pa.s3cs through it, 4 miles from Rutland, 21 miles from Troy. It is beautifully located in a fertile valley, surrounded on all sides by high hills. It is noted for containing the finest quarries of marble in Amer- ica. At the two main quarries in this vicinity 50it men are employed ; and besides 5 mills, which are turned by water, there is a ateam-mill sawing an immense quantity of slabs daily. Their annual product is about 175,000 cubic feet of marble, valued at about $500,000. West RirTLAJ»D, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 49 m. W. Boston. West's, sta., Middlesex county, y. Jer. : on Cainilen and Amboy B. K., 4S m. from Philadelphia, iH miles from New Yock. West Salem, p. o., Morgan county, I/uL: SO m. S. W. Indianapolis. West Salem, p. o,, Wayne county, Ohio: on E. side of Muddy Fork of Walhnnding r., 79 m. N. N. E. Columbus. West Salisbitey, p v., Addisun co., Vtrrn,: 36 m, 3. W. Montpelier. West Sand Lake, p. v., Rensselaer co., y. Y. : 10 m. E. I)y S. Albany. West Saskwioh, p. v, and sta., Barnstable co., Miss.: on Cape Cod Branch R. R., 25 m. from Middleboro*, 49 m. 3. E. by S. Boston. West Schuvlep., p. o., Herkimer co., y. Y. : on N. bant of Muhawk r., 77 ra. W. N. W. Albany. West Scituate, p. v., Plymouth co., Ma.ss. : 16 ra. S. E. Boston. West Sedgwick, p. c, Hancock co., Mc: 56 m. E, Augusta. West Suanpake:*, p. o., Ulster co., y. Y. : 54 ra. 3. W. Albany. WE-iT Sdongo, p. o., Alleghany co., A^. }'. ; 229 m.W. by 3. Albany. West Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 6 m. N. by W. Augusta. West's Mills, p. o., Franklin co., Me. : 33 m. N. N. W. Augusta. West Somers, p. v., Westchester county, A^ Y. : 94 m. 8. Albany. West Somerset, p. o., Niagara county, y. Y. : 256 m. W. by N. Albany. Wist SpRiNtj CnEBK, p. o., Warren co., Pcjvu: 176 to. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. West Springfield, t., p. v., and sta.. Hampden county Md'Ss.: on W. side of Connecticut river, S2 m. W. by 3, Boston. Surface of t. pleasantly diversified. Drained by Westfield r., which affords waier-power. The t. contains several pleasant villages or settlements. The principal village. 2 m. from Springfield, is very pleasant The West- ern R. R. passes through it, 100 m. from Boston, and 100 m. from Albany. Pop. of t 2,979. West Springfield, p. v., Shelby county, Mo.: S2 m. N. Jeffers'.ii City. Wfst Springfield, p. v., Erie county, Venn.: 214 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. West Stafford, p. v., Tolland co., Conn.: 22 m. N. E. Hartford. West Stephentown, p. v., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : IS m. E. by S. Albany. West Sterling, p. v., Worcester counly, Mass. : 37 m. W. by N. Boston. Wf-st Stewardstown, p. v., Cass co., K. Ilatnp. : on E. side of Cnnni-ciieul river, r_'3 m. N. Conconl. West Stockurihoe, I., p. v., and sta., Berkshire county, MT SuFKiELD, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 17 m. N. Harllord. West Suxlitan, p. o., Hancock county. Me.: S2 m. E. Augusta. Wt>T Sr-MNER. p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 86 m. W. Augusta, West Sutton, p. v., Worcester co., Ma^s. : 40 ra.W. S.W. Boston. It contains 2 churches, stores, etc. Wrst Swanzey, p. 0., Cheshire co., 2f. Hamp. : 45 m. S. W. by W. Concord. 935 WES WES West Tagiikanic, p. o., Columbia county, Jf. Y. : 36 m. 8. by E. Albany. West Theresa, p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y. : 160 m. N. W. Albany. West Thornton, p. t., Graflon co., iVI ITamp.: on W. ftideof Pemiwiiffasset river, 51 ni. N. by W. Cnncord. West Tisburv, p. v., Dukes co., Mtifis.: 72 m. S. S. E. Bostacco. It couiains a large (piantily of bituminous coal. PaVms 423, matuif. 8. dwfll. 71t!, and pop.— wh. 4,261, fr. eol. G, si. 17— total 4.2S4. OijuUtl: Wetzel C. 11. Puhltc Works : Baltiinon- and Ohio K. P. Wevebton, p. V. and sla., Frederick co., J/'/. ; on W. sldcof Potomac r.. at confluence of Israel rr, GO m. W. N. W. Annapolis. The Chesapeake and Ohi() Canal passes through it; als(( the Baltimore and Ohio K. K.,SO m. from Baltimore, and Si'O m. Ironi Wht-eling. Wf.xfoud county, Mivh. Situate N. W. of the Southeni Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the Manis- tee r. and its branches. Surface even, diversifiens, all of which was of thi; class " enrolled and licensed," permanent, employed in the coasting trade, and propelled by steam. Vessels built during the year preceding^ 4 steamers, S35 tons. In 1S52, 88 steamboats, all high pres- 6ure, were here owned, with aggregate tonnage of 6.84.'i tons. The city contains, besides the county buildings, 13 churches, several academies, and 2 banks, with aggregate capital of $;)(i0.100. Its newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of the " W^heelitig Gazette" i.whig), and "Wheeling Even- 92S ing Argus" (dem.), each issuing daily and weekly editions; and the "Virginiscbe Staats Zeitung" (dem.) in German language, issued weekly. Pop. in ISIO, 914 ; in 1S20, 1,567 ; in 1830, 5.221 ; in ]S4(), 7,885; in 1850, 11,391. WnEELiNG Valley, p. o., Marshall co., \'irg, : 239 m* N. W. Eichmond. WuEELocK, p. 0., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. WuEELocK, p. 0., Robertson co., Tex. : 90 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. WnEELocK, t. and p. 0., Caledonia county, Veriit. : 29 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Passumpsic r Pop. SS5. Whetstone, p. o.. Morrow county, Ohio: 4S m. N. by E, Columbus. Whetstone river, Ohio: see Olentangt river. WniGViLLE, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 68 m. N.E. Lansing. Whippi Swamp, p. o., Beaufort disl., S. Car. : 73 m. S. Columbia. WiuTcoMo, p. v., Franklin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E' Indianapolis. White county, Arl\ Situate N. E. centrally, and con- tains 1.043 sq. ra. Drained by Little Eed r., tributary of White river, which fnrras its E. boundary, and by other streams. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Farms 307; manuf. 2; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2,309, fr. col. 2, si. 308— total 2,619. Capital: Searcy. White county. III. Situate 3. E., and contains 447 sq. m. Little Wabas h river and Skillet fork of same drain the CO. Surface partly level, and partly undulating; soil fertile; staples, wheat and Indian corn. Tobacco is cultivated. It has some excellent prairie land in the E. portion. The country bordering the streams is well wooded. Farms 1,101 ; nianuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,537, and pop.— wh. S,S16, fr. eoL 109— total S,925. Capital : Garmi. White county, Ind. Situate N. W. middle, and contains 504 sq. ra. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its several trib- utaries. Two-thirds of the surface is prairie, and at least (me-half dry and genUy undulating; soil rich, and the forest growths extensive. Farms 453; manuf. 10; dwell. S21, and pop. — wh. 4,75ii, fr. col. 9 — total 4,761. Capital: Monticello, Public WorLs: New Albany and Salem Extension E. E. White county, Ten7i. Situate E. centrally, and coutain8 346 sq. m. Drained by Caney fork of Cumberland river and its afiluents. Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil fertile; sUiples wheat, grain, and tobacco. Pork and grain are ex- ported. Farms 1,341; manuf. 22; dwell. 1,706, and pop. — wh. 10,09S, fr. col. 132, si. 1,214— total 11.444. Capital: Sparta. Public Worku: Lexington and M'Minnville E. R. White mountains, A^ Ilamp.: these mountains, in the N. part of the State, are the highest in New England, and among the highest in the United States. The range is in form nearly square, extending N. and S. about 20 m., and E. and W. about 22 m. ; but the more elevated summits are comprised within a range of S miles. The highest summita are covered with snow during the greater part of the year, and in clear weather are visible at sea more than 50 miles from shore. The elevations of the highest peaks are as follows: MountWa8hington..0,226 feet 1 Mount Madison ... 5,620 fe^ Mount Adams 5,960 *' Mount Munroe 5,510 ** Mount Jefferson 5,860 " I Mount Franklin. . .5,050 * besides which several others are little inferior in elevation. The ascent of these mountains is fatiguing, but not danger- ous; and is frequently accomplished by summer visitors* The scener}' from their summits is of surpassing interest, and of varied character. The construction of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. E., Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E., and other lines of railroad Inward this interesting vicinity, has greatly increased the number of summer visitiirs, for whose accommodation there are numerous hotels kept in flrsl-class style. WuTTB river, Ark. : is formed in Washington co., by the WHI "vVHI confluence nf 3 Ijranches, flows N. X. E., crosses into Mis- souri, thi^n turns In the 8. E., and holds this general conrse for 150 m. nntil it receives Black r., its principal N. branch, nfler which il flows by wimliu'* course in ^enerjil direcliou S. by E., until it empties iuto the Mississippi r. in Desha co. About S miles from its mouth it connects by a broad bayou, usually boatuble, with ArkansJis river jafier which its course is through a great, marsh or swamp. lis length is over 600 miles; and iillhough it is at present choked up in many places by accumulations of drift-wood, steamboats ascend to r.atesville, 260 m., and on the removal of these obstruclions will ascend 2i)0 miles farther. It receives numerous tribu- taries, of which several are large streams, and flows through a very fertile region. WuiTE river, Lid. : is formed by the confluence of the E. and W. forks of While r., 20 ra. S. E. Yiucennes, ami flows "W. S. W. in winding course about 35 m. to its entrance into Wabash r. Its stream is but little inferior to the Wabash, is about 600 feet wide, and navigable in high water for steam- boats. The W. fork rises in llaudolph co. ; in high water it is navigable for steamboats to Indianapolis, and flat-boats have descended it from near Winchester. The E. fork is about 22f) miles long, and boatablc 150 m. The numerous branches of ihese forks drain the entire central portion of the State. White river, Mich. : rises in Newago county, flows S. W. through Oceana co., and enters Lake Michigan by a broad eatuary. White river, Utitk Ter. : a principal head branch of Colorado r., flowing through E. part of Utali co.» about 150 nj. in W. course. White river, F^?*m, ; rises In GranviiJe, flows S. S. E., N. E.. and S. E., and empties into the Connecticut river in Hartford t. It is about 55 miles long, and receives several tributaries, each of which afi^ords valuable water-power. White Asu, p. o., Alleghany county, Pemu : 1C3 m. W. Ilarri.sburg. WiiiTF. CniMNETS, p. 0., Caroline county, Jlyy. : 2S m. N. liichmond. WniTE Cottage, p. c, Muskingum co., Ohio : 55 m. E. Columbus. White Cottage, p. o., Shelby co., Tea^.: 244 m. E. N. E. Austin City. White Creek, t. and p. v.. Washington co., K T.: SO m. N. E. Albany. Drained by Owl and Little White cr. flow- ing 3. into Ilooaic r. The v. contains 2 churches, and seve- ral stores. Pop. of t. 2,904. White Cross, p. o.. Orange co., R. Car. : 35 m. N. W. Raleigh. White Day, p. c, Monongalia co., Virg. : 25S m. N. W. Kichmond. Whtte Deeh, p. 0., Lycoming county, Pciin. : C3 m. N. Ilarrisburg. White Deer Mills, p. o., Union co., Penn.: TS m. N. Ilarrisburg. White Eye's Plains, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: ou t?.. side of Tuscarawas r., C9 m. E. N. E. Columbus. WniTEFACE mountain, K. Y.: on E. side of Wilmington r., in N. W. part of Essex co., is 4,S55 feet above the Atlantic iXMi-an. WniTEFiELT), p. o., Oklibbeba co., Miss.: on branch of Okanoxubee r., 95 m. N. E. Jackson. WniTEFiF-LP, p. o., Marshall county, JU. : SO m. N. by E. Springfleld. Whitefield, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Sfe. : 14 m, S. E. Augusta. Watered by Shcepscot river, which affords water-power. Interests of the town chiefly agricultural. Pop. 2,160. WiiiTEFicLD, t. and p. o., Coos co., Nl Eamp. : 10 m. N. Concord. Drained by John's r., on which are saw-mills. Pop. S57. White-Fish point, Chippewa co., Mich. : separates Te- quamenon bay from Lake Superior, 59 Whitekord, p. o., Luca3 co., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. Columbus. White IIall, p. v., Greene co., PL: 4S m. W. S. W. Springfield. It contains 3 churches, several stiig the banks of Otter creek, 75 m. from Bellows Falls, 45 m. from Burlington. Pop. oft. 629. WniTiNGHAM, t. and p. o., Windham co., Vfr})}. : 106 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Deerfleld r. and branches. It contains abundance of limestone, and an excellent miu- eral spring. Pop. l,aS0. Wumss, sta., Worcester co., J/iws. ; on Providence and Worcester E. R., 17 ra. from Worcester, 26 in. frotu Provi- dence, a4 m. S. W. by W. Boston. WuiTiNsviLLB, p. v., Worcestef co., J/lws, ; on liranch of Blackst/ine r.. 36 m. S. W. by W. Boston. '' ^ WuiTLEY county, /;/»/. Situate N. E., and contains 834 sq. m. Drained principally by Eel r. and its tributaries. In the N. and middle portions the surface is undulating— sometimes hilly ; but in the S. level. Forest land, inter- spersed with wt't prairies, preponderate; but there are also considerable bottoms and barrens. Farms 522 ; manuf. S ; dwell. 913, and pop.— wh. 5,095, fr. col. 95— total 6,190. CapiUil: Columbia. Whitley county, Ky. Situate 9. E., and contains 704 sq. m. Drained by Cumberland r. and its branches. Surface hilly ; soil fertile, and in general very productive, the up- lands being well adapted to grazing, and much gruin is raised. Chief productions, Indian C'ira auil tobacco. Farms 9S0: manuf. U; dwell. 1,214, and pop.— wh. 7,227, fr. col. 19. si. 201— total 7,447. CapiUd : Williamsburg. Public Works : Knoxville and Lexington R. R. WniTLKv C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ltd. : ia C-olumbia v., on N. W. side of Eel river, 101 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Whitley C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., K>j, : in Williamsburg v., on S. side uf Cumberland r.,SS m. S. S. E. FrankforL Whitley's Point, p. o., Shelby co., TU. : 65 m. E. S. E. Springfield. WiiiTLEvviLLE, p. o., Jacksou CO., Teniu : 55 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Whitney's Coeneks, p. o., JeflTerson co., N, Y. : 162 m. N. W. by W. Albany. Whitney's Point, p. o., Broome county, y. Y. : 116 m. W. by S. Albany. Whitney's Valley, p. v. and sta., Alleghany co., !^. Y. : on Buffalo and New York City li. R.. 73 ra. from Bufl'alo, 13 m. from HoruL-lls\ ilk-, 214 m. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, several stores, etc. Whitnbyville, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Zfe.: on S. W. side Machias r., and on the Franklin E. K, 9 m. from Macliiasport, 114 m. K. by N. Augusta. WiiiTXEYviLLB, p. o., Kent CO., Mich. : 5S ra. W. N. W. Lansing. Whittlicsey, p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 96 hl N. E. by N. Columbus. WaiTiLE's Mills, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 87 m. S. W. by S. Richmond. Wic-K, p. o., Tyler county, Vlr-j.: 2S0 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. WiCKP-oiui, p. v., Washington co., 7?. I. : on W. side of branch of Narragansett bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport It hoB a good harbor, an'l employs considerable tonnage in the fisheries and c^'asliiig-lrade. It contains three churches, an acarlemy, and one hitnk. Pop. about .VH). The SUinington and rnnidt-nee R. R. passi-s through Wiekfurd Dep6t, 3 m. W. of tin; village, 30 miles from titoniugton, 20 miles from Providence. Wii.Ki.ifFJT p. v.. Chambers county, Ala. ; 66 m. E. N. E. Montg^JMiery. WicKLiFiE, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: 98 m. 9. by W. of Indianapolis. WicKLiKFE, p. v., Jackson co., Ia.: 54 m. N. E. of Iowa City. WicKLiiTE, p. v.. Lake co., Ohio: 140 m. N. E. by N. of Columbus. Wicomico CniiKcn, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg.: 5S m. E. N. K. Richmond. Wr« oNiscA, t and p. o., Dauphin co., Perm. : 32 m. N. of Ilarrisburg. Poj). ol t. aI>out 500. Wu'RMAs's, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 75 m. W. C-dumbia. Wilhi'.aham, t and p. v., Ilampdcn ca, JffM«. ; 72 m. W. by 8. Boston. Drained by head branches of Bcantie river, and other Ptreanis flowing into the Connecticut r. The v. contains two churches and the Wesleyan Academy, a flouf- 931 WIL WIL ishing Meihodist inslilution. The Western R. K. passes Uirough the N. part of the t. Pop. of t. 2.127. WjLCos county, Ala. f^ituate towari.1 the S. W., nnd con- taina 906 sq. m. Alabama r flowa through it, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface uneven; soil in some parts very fertile ; on the streams tlie land is in gen- eral Tery productive. Staples. Indian corn and other grain, cotton, rice, and potatoes. It has some good limber land. Farms 6(>6; manuf. 6; dwell. 9S.S. and pop.— wh. 5,516, fr. col. 1, si. 11.835— total 17,^59. Capital: Camden O. 11. Wilcox's Store, p. o.. Casey county, Xy. .• 60 miles S. of Frankfort. Wild Cat, p. o., Carroll county, Ind. : 53 miles N. N. W. Indianapolis. Wilderness, p. o., Spottsylvania county, V^rg.: 44 miles N. by W. Richmond. Wilderness, p. o., Clark eo., Ala. : on small branch of Tombigbee r., 309 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Wild Haus, p. o., Izard co., Ark. : 91 m. N. by E. Little Bock. Wilet'8 Govt;, p. o., Searcy co.. Ark. : on E. side of Cove cr., 74 m. N. by W. Little Rock. WiLErvTLLE, p. o., Desha co., Ark. : 74 m. S. W. by S. Little Rock. Wilkes county, Ga. Situate toward the N. K., and con- tains 4S6 sq. m. Fishing er. and its branches, and affluents of Broad and Little rivers drain the county. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton, which is the chief pro- duction, nnd also to whi-at and grain, fine crops of which are raised. Pork and beef are exported. Farms 4CS; manuf. 9; dwell. 709, and pop.— wh. 3,805, fr. col. 21, el. 8,281— total 12.107. Capitnl : Wa.'^hington. Wilkes county, IT. Car. giluate N. W., and contains 579 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. Sur- face elevated, and diversified with mountains and valleys; soil fertile, and well fitted for pasture. Cliief productions, tobacco, cotton, and Indian com. This county is bounded on the N. W. by the Blue Ridge. Farms 1.097: manuf. 9; dwell. 2.050, and pop.— wh. 10.746, fr. col. 211, si. 1,142— to- tal 12.099. Capital: Wilkesboro'. Wn,KESBARRE, p. b., and cap. Luzerne co., Pt^m. ; on 8. E. bank of Susquehanna r.. S2 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. The t. has a diversified surface, and is in the midst of the anthracite coal region. The b. occupies a very beautiful and elevated situation, and is surroundcl by delightful scener>'. It is laid out according to a beautiful plan of gen- eral regularity, and is neatly built. The county buiUliu^s are handsomely located on a public square at its centre. It also contains 3 churches, 2 academies. 1 bank, cap. $S5.?-30, 1 anthracite blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1,500 tons, employing 50 men, one of the largest rolling-mills in the Union, employing 250 men, and producing annually about 3,500 tons, besides other manufacturing establishments. The North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes through the borough. The '* Luzerne Democrat" and "Dem. Wachter" are issued weekly. This place, with the vicinity surrounding it. are of much historical interest. It was first settled under the Susquehnnna Land Company of Connecticut, and wag laid out in 1773. Its founders were of the best citizens of New England, infelliwent, enterpris- ing, and patriotic. Their conflicts in the Revolution with the allied British and Indians, especially that of the disas- trous "Massacre of Wyoming," are recorded in the annals of the nation, and commemorated on the field of their bat- tle by a beautiful monument. Pop. in 1840, 1,71S ; in 1S50, 2,723. Wilkesboro', p. v., M'Lean county, III. : 55 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Wilkesboro', p. v., and cap. Wilkes co., IT. Car.: on S. side of Yadkin r., 138 m. W. by N. Raleigh. It contains the court-house, jail, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO. WiLKEPBORo'. p. v., Covington co., Mm.: on branch of Ptarl r, 65 m. S. S. E. Jackson. n2 WiLKEsriLLE. t. and p. v., Vinton co., Ohio : 6S m. S. E. by S. Columbus. Drained by Raccoon cr., which affords water-power to several grist and saw-mills. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersborg K. E. will pass through this t Pop. of t 1,037. WiLKixs, p. o.. Union co., Ohio: 41 m. N. W. Columbus. WiLKiNs, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., Perm. : 10 m. E. by S. Pittsburg, 143 miles W. by N. Harrisburg. Population about 2,500. WiLKiNSBDRO, p. V. and sta., Alleghany co., Penn. : on Pennsylvania R. E., 7 m. from Pittsburg, 151 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Wilkinson county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 83S sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and Commissioner creeks, branches of Oconee r., which forms its eastern boundary. Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and in part very productive. Cotton is the staple, but excellent crops of wheat and grain are raised, and fruit is much cultivated, oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, plums, pears, and pome- granates being produced of excellent flavor and quality. Farms &45 ; manuf. ; dwell. 9S3, and pop.— wh. 5,4G7, fr. col, ; si. 2,T4o— total 8,212. Capital : Irwinton. Puhlic Works : Genrgia Central E. R. ; Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. Wilkinson county, Misn. Situate S. W., and contains 654 sq. m. Drained principally by Buffalo cr., which passes through it centrally. Surface in general is hilly, and in parts much broken. On the Mississippi, which bounds it on the W., the land is high, from which it inclines to the in- terior ; soil fertile, and is well adaptc-d to cotton, which is the chief production. Farms 404 ; manuf. IS ; dwell. 736, and pop.— wh. 3.624, fr. co*. 30, sla. 13,260— total 16,914. Capital : Woodville. Wilkinsonville. p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on S. side of Blackstone r., 35 m. W. S. W. Boston. Wilkinsonville, p. v., Union disL, S. Car, : on W. side of Broad r., 70 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Will county. III. Situate N. W., and contains 1,152 sq. m. Drained by Iroquois and Kankakee river?, tributa- ries of Illinois river. Surface generally even; in parts it is hilly and broken. Soil in many portions ^ery productive. Staples, wheat, grain, and poljitoes. Farms 1,200; manuf. 94 ; dwell. 2,"9G, and pop.— wh. 16,670, fr. col. 33— total 16,703. Capital: Joiiet Puhlic WorkA: Chicago Branch of Central R. R. ; Chicago and Mississippi E. R. ; Illinois and Michigan Canal. Willamette river, Oreg. Tt^r. : rises in Lane co., flows N. E. and N., and empties into Columbia r., nearly opposite Fort Vancouver. Willamette Forks, p. o., Linn co., Or€ff. Ter. : GO m. S. Salem. Willet, t. and p. o., Cortlandt co., IT. Y. : 114 m.W.byS. Albany. Drained by OtseUc r. Pop. 923. Willet, p. o., Greene co., TTwc. ; 35 m. S. S.W. Madison. Willetville, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio : 59 m. S.S. W. Columbus. Williams county, Ohio. Situate N.W., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's branch of the Maumee r. and its affluents, and Tifiln r. and its branches, which sup- ply good water-power. Surface undulating ; soil fertile. It contains a mineral spring, which is much frequented on ac- count of its medicinal qualities, and the odor of which is perceived at the distance of a quarter of a mile. It is well wooded. Farms 651; manuf. 29; dwell. 1,390. and pop.— wh. 9,018, fr. col. 90— total 8,108. Capital: Bryan. Wn.nAMS, p. o., Christian co., JTy. .- 159 m. W. S. W Frankfort. Williamsboro'. p. v., Granville county, IT. Car.: 42 ra. N. by E. Raleigh. Pop. about 100. William's Bridge, sta., Westchester county, IT. K; on Bronx r. and Harlem R. R.,14 ra. from City Hail. New York. WiLLiAJCSDtfRO district, S. Car. Situate toward the K., and contains 1,0S7 sq. m. Drained by Black r. nnd its Irib- uLufies. and Cedar cr. Surface even; soil varied — in gen- WIL WIL f^nil I'trlflt'riri'l piMJiK'tive. Staples, rice an^'J0. consisted of four dailies, viz., '■ W. Gazette" (whig), '-W. Times" (neut.), "Independent Press" (dcm.'), and "Demo- cratic Advocate." In 1?53, the construction of avenue rail- roads and other improvements, are operating with most beneficial influence upon the growth of the cily. Pop. in 1S35, about 3,000; in 1S40, 5,094 ; in 1S45, 11.33^: in Is^O, 30,7S6. The population at Uie present time (duly, 1?53) is perhaps little less than 50,000. WiLLTAMSBrr.'*.. p. v., De Kalb co., III.: on Sycamore r., IfS m. N. N. E. Springfield. WiLLiAMSBUitd, p. v., Iredell co.. J^, Car.: on E. side of Rock cr.. 116 m. W. by N. Kaleigh. WiLLiAMSBrRO, t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : ^2 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. Drained by E. fork of Little .Miami river. Pop. of v. about 500 : oft. 1,RS5. "WiLLiAMSBrRG, p. b., P-lair county, Pfnn.: on S. side .Juniata r.. 72 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Incorp-^ral'd in 1823. It cont.ains 5 churches, several mills, aiul other man- ufacturing ostaldishments. 1 hot-blast charcoal furnace, with annual capacity of 1.400 tons, .ind 2 cbarconl forges, each annually producing GOO Ions blooms, and cmjiloying 30 men. Pop. about 850. WiLLiAMSBLritfi, p. v., and cap. James City co., Vlrg. : 4G m. E. S. I'.. Richmond. Pleasantly situated on clcvalelnnies in it=i library, and a flourishing law department of 32 students. Pop. 877. William's Cenike, p. v., William's co., Ohio: 134 m. N. W. Columbus. William's Ci-.ors Koads, p. o., Choctaw co., Ala. : IWm. W. by S. Montgomery. WiLLiAM-SFiEi.D. I. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., Ohio: 15S m- N. E. Columbus. Drained by br;inches of iSheuango and Pymatuning creeks. Pop. PS2. WiLLiAMSox county, I^K Situate S., and contains 432 sq. ra. I)rained by Muddy and Saline creeks, the former being a tributury of tlio Mississippi, and the latter of the Oliio. Surface varied; iu siMue ]):irts hilly and broken, but in general it is level. Soil fertile, and raises good crops of wheat and grain, and is fivornble to the cultivation of to- bacco and cotton. Pine limber is to be found on the lanrushy cr. au'l its branches. Surface va- ried, part of it being mnuntjiinous, and part level or rolling —the latter p'>rti'-ns being mostly prairie, with groves of limber interspersed. Soil f -rtile and very productive, yield- ing lar^e crops (>f grain, cntion, and potatoes. Indigo grows wild, and might, by cullJv.-dinn, be rendered ver>- valuable. Wheat, aUo, succeeds well, and the laud is in general favor- able to all asricullural jiroductions. Farms 107 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 2:J0,and pop.— wh. 1,410, fr. col. 3, sj. 155— total 1,56S. Cajiitiil : Georgetown. Williamson, t. and p. v., Wj-yne county. A' }'. .• 182 m. W. by N. Albany. Pr;iini-d by small sfeams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bonniis it on the N. Pop. of v. about 160; of t., 2.380. WiLLTAMso.N, p. v., Jcff'T-on couuty, -SV- .* 40 m. W. Frankfort. WiLiiAMsoN, p. v., Owen co., Tnd.: 4T m. S. W. by 6. Indianapolis. WiiLiAMSON^s MiLTj*. p. o., LexJuglon district. S. Car.: on smrdl bnanch of N. Edislo r., 42 m. S. S.W. Ci-Iumbiiu WiLLiAMsoNviLLF., p. V., Macou CO., 3fo. : 90 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. WiLi.iAMSPORT, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Jnd. : on W. bank of Wabash r.. CO m. N. W. by W. Indiannpniis. It has a good Landing for steamboat.^, carries on nn important trade, and is surrounded by a very fertile region. First set- tled in 1S29. It c/mtains the county buildings, etc The " Wabash Commercial" (whig) is here published. Pop. about 450. WiLLTAM?i'or.T, p. 0., Point Coupee parish, Za.: 8T m. N. W. Uaton Rouge. Wn.Lf AMSPor.T. p. v., Washington county, Md. : on N. E. bank of Potomac r., 7'.* m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. This is the dopflt and Erie K. R, with other projected lines, will greatly increase the business interests of this place. Pop. in )&40, 1.353; iu 1S5U, 1,015. AYiLLiAMSpoKT, p. v.. Pickawa/ CO., Ohio: on E. side of Darby er., 20 m. S. Columbus. "WiLUAMsroBT, p. v., Maury co., Tenn.: on S. side of Duck er., 3S m. S. W. by S. Nashville. "Willi AiispoET, p. v., Hardy eo., Virg.: on branch of Potomac r., 143 m. N. N. "VT. Kichmond. TViLLiAii's Stoue, p, 0., Berks co., Peiin. : 54 m. E. N. E. H^rrisburg. TYiLLiAii's Stoke, p. o., llardemau cu., Tcnn, : 125 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. "\lViLLiAiiBTON, p. v., ftud cap. Martiu co., K. Car.: SS m. E. lialeigh. It coutaius the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 300. WiLLiAiisTos, p. V. and sla., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on Greenville and Columbia l;. il., 93 in. AV. N. W. Ctilumbia. WiLUAiiSTowx, p. v., Decatur co., InU. : 4S ui. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. WiLLiAMSTOwN, p. V.. and cap. Grant co., Ky.: S6 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the court-house and sev- eral dwellings. WiLLiAMSTOTv-N, t and p. v., Berkshire co., ^^flss. : 19 ni. N. Pittsfleld, 111 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by UoI.S3 $54'$,lU7.T4 $4,540,609 In 1?52, tbe numlier of steamboats of this port was 15 (10 high pressure. 5 low pressure), with aggre^rate tonnage of 3.014 t'ln?. An V. S. naval oftlcer is stationed at this porU I'oii. in 1S30, 3.701); in 1840, 4,744; in 1S50, 7,264. "WiLMiNGTuM, t, and p. v., Ks.Hex co., N. Y.: i24 m. N. Albany. Drained by "Wihninglon r., on which the village i^ situate. Excellent iron ure is abundant aukl exteu&ivcly wroughU Pop. oft. 1,176. Wn.MiNdToy, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Ofiio: 54 m. S. W. Columbu.s. It contains the county buiMings and 5 chiinhes. Laid out in ISIO. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesvillo II. K. is in construction through this place. Thi^ '•Clini.in Uepiililican" (whig), and "Weekly Em- pyrean" (fr. soil) an; licre published. Pi>p. 1,23S. Wii MiSGTON. t. and p. v., Windham (S)., Verm.: 102 ni. S, by W. Montpelier. Draincl by Dcerfleld river and branches. The v. near the centre is pleasant and neatly biiilL The " Green Mountain Eagle" is here published. r..p. of 1. 1.372. WiLMiNGTos. p. v., Fluvanna co,, Virg. : on E. side of Uivanna r., 44 m. W. N. W. Uichmond. WiLMoriK, p. o., Cambria co., re?i7i. : 101 m. W. by N. TIarrisburg. Wii-M'^T, L and p. o., Merrimac co., i^. Uornp.: 26 m. N. W. Concord. Drained by Bmall streams which afford water-power. Pop, 1 .272. Wii.MoT. p. o.. Kodiie CO., ///. ; near Wisconsin State line, ICr. m. N. by K. Springfield. ■Wii.Mor, J), o., Kenosha co,, WUc: 81 m. E. S. E. Madison. WiLM'iT. p. o., Noblo county, IjuI.: 114 miles N. N. E. Indiaiuipolis. Wn.MOT Flat, p. o., Merrimac county, N. Uamp. : 22 m. N. W. by W. Concord. Wn.ML-i:T, t. an'l p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y.: 66 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. in ISlO, 61) : in lS5(t, 112. "WiLNA. p. v., Housttm CO., G''i. : on branch of Ocmulgcp r., 50 ni. S. ^V. by S. Milleogeville. WiLNA, t and p. o., Jefferson co., y. Y.: 134 m. N. W. 935 Wills' Point, p. o., Benton county, Teuii. : 72 miles "W. Nashville. "Wilmington, p. v.. Union co., ArA: : on S. side of Wachita r., 93 m. S. Little Rock. Wilmington, p. city, port of entry, and oni> of the caps. Newcastle co,. Z>^/. .- is pleasantly situated bi.-twern IJran- dywine and Christiana creeks, 1 m. above their (■i>n(luence. 2 in. W. Delaware r„ 37 miles N. Dover. Lat. 39° 41' N. : long. 750 2s' W. Distance by railroad from Washington ViSm.; Baltimore. 70 in ; Phdadelphia,2S m. : New York, 115 in. lis site is pba-ant and healthy, on ground rising gradually to the height of 112 leet above tide-water. It is regularly laid out. with wide •streets crossing at right angles, and is well built, chiefly of brick. It is supplied with water from the Brandy wine, by extensive water-works, constructed like those of Philadelphia. It contains a city ball, several county buildings, an arsenal, 2 markel-liou^es, several ex- cellent academies, and 19 churches. Tho hospital, located upon a fine eminence, is 126 feet long and 3 stories high. There are 4 banks, with aggregate capital of .i;7ii0,000. The manufactures of Wilmington are various and most exten- sive. Great water-power is afforded by tlie falls of the Erandywine, and improved by mills ami fact'Tie.s of all kinds. The tluuring-mills are, however, the most numer- ous and extensive, and among the largest in the Union. The making of gunpowder has fi)r many years been exten- sively carried on in the vicinity. The navigation interests of Wilmington are also large. Vessels drawing 14 feet water come to its wharves in Christiana cr,, and Brandy- wiim creek admits those drawing S feet water. The total tonnage of this district on June 30th, 1S50, was 0.460 tons. The register tonnage amounled to 1,651 Ions, viz.. 6S1 tons permanent, and 970 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed tt^mnage amounted to 7.S(i9 tons, mostly perma- nent, and all employed in the coasting trade, of which 1.429 tons were priipelled by steam. During the year preceding it had no foreign commerce. Vessels built during the year, IG (12 schooners, 3 sloops. 1 steamer)— 1,S49 Ions. In 1852 it had among its vessels 11 steamboats— '2,C si tons. The g«;neral business and prosperity of this city are steadily in- creasing. It is surrounded by a very fertile agricultural district,, has great natural advantages for manufacturing, in- dnslfj', and trade, and its connections by railroad insure constant communication witli the great cities of the nation. Its uew.spaper press in 1?50 consisted of "Delaware Re- publican," " Del. Stale Journal." each publishing tri-weekly and weekly editions; "Del. Gazette," semi-weekly anraiufd by Bluck .inJ Indian rivcr and Iheir branches. Pop. 2,993. Wilson county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and containa 463 sq. m. Drained byafiluenla of Cumberland r., which forma its N. boundary. Surface hilly, and in parts much broken ; soil fertile, and produces large crops of tobacco and colLon, which are the staples. Large crops of wheat and grain are also raised, and pork and beef are exported. Timber is atmndant Farms 1,9S3 : raanuf 3C; dwell. 3.411, and pop.— wh. 19,915, fr. col. 403, si. 7,127— total 27,444. Capital : Lebanon. Wilson, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Me. : 94 m. N. by E. Augusta. Drained by Wilson's creek. Wilson, p. c, Edgecomb co., N. Car. : 50 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Wilson, p. o., Marion county, Ohio: 42 miles N. N. W. Columbus. Wilson, t. and p. o., Niagara co., 2^. T. : 266 m. W. by N. Albany. Interests exclusively agricultural. Surface generally level. Drained by small streams. Pop. in 1S40, 1,753 ; in 1S50, 2,955. Wii£0n'3 p. 0., Anderson county, Tetin. ; 150 m. E. Nashville. Wilson's Creek, p. o., Graves co., ^y. .■ on cr. of same name, 228 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Wilson's Ckeek, p. o., Abbeville dist., &'. Car. : S3 m. W. Columbia. Wilson's Dei-Ot, p. o. and sta., Dinwiddie co., Ylrg. : on South Side E. E., 28 m. from Petersburg; 36 m, S, W. Eichmond. Wilson's Mills, p. o., Venango county, Feiin. : 160 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Wilson'3 Station, p. o.,*Ciint'm co., Ohio: 53 m. S. W, Columbiis. WiLSONTTLLE, p. V., Shelby CO., Ala.: on W. side of Coosa r., 66 m. N. by W. Montgomery. WiLSONviLLE, p. 0., Speuccf CO., ATy.; 23 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. WiLSONTTLLE, p. o., Cocko CO., Tcnti. : 210 m. E. by S. Nashville. WiLSONViLLE, p. 0., Highland co., Virg. : 130 m.W. N.W. Eichmond. Wilton, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., C(mn.: 54 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Norwalk r. and branches, which affords water-power. The v. contains 2 churches, etc. The Danbury and Norwalk K. E. passes through it, 7 m. from S. Norwalk, IT m. from Danbury. Population of t. 2,066. Wilton, t and p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 27 m. N. W. by W. Augusta. Drained by branches of Sandy r., whioh flow from two handsome ponds, and afford water-power to various mills. Pop. of 1. 1,909. Wilton, t.. p. v., and sta., Hillsboro' co., IT. Hamp. : 29 m. S. S. W. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and branches which afford water-power. The t. contains several stone quarries. Tho v. is neatly built, and is the terminus of Wilton R. E. from Nashville, 15 m. The Peterboro' and Shirley E. R. touches the S. border of the t., where is a sta., 20 m. from Groton Junction. Pop. of 1. 1,161. Wilton, p. o., Pike county, .4 /-A-.: 9G m. S, W. by W. Little Eock. Wilton, t and p. o., Saratoga county, jV. Y. : 32 m. N. Albany. Drained by a tributary of Iluds-m r. Surface di- versified. Interests chiefly agricultural. The Saratoga and Washington It. E. crosses the t. Pop. l,45S. WiNCHENDON, t., p. V., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 54 m. W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Miller's r., which af- fords excellent water-power. One cotton factory contains 5,700 spindles. The t. contains several etone quarries. The V. near the centre Is neatly built. The Cheshire E. E. passes a little N. of it, IS m. from Fiichburg, 46 m. from Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. in iS4iiA.M, I. and p. v.. Portage co., 0/iio : 130 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by br.anch of Mahoning r. Interests, agricultural. Pop. 813. WixiiHAM, t. and p. o.. Bradford county, Pf nil.: 115 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Wepasscning cr., on •which are grist anil saw mills. Pop. of t. about 1,000. Wi.vtinAM, t. and p. v., Windham co., Vi-nn. : 76 m. 8. Montpelicr. Drained by small streams. Interests, chielly ogricultural. Pop. of t. 763. WisDnA.M Centee, p. v., Greene Co., A'. Y. : on Eedkill cr., 33 m. 8. W. Albany. It contains the largest cari«-t-hag manufactory in the Union, employing a capital vl ?5o.ouu. and an extensive manufactory of woorlen combs, with a capital of :f20.000. It is a pretty village, the l^quircUill Bridge turnpike p-tssing through it, and has between 6ii0 and "00 inhabitonls. Wind llTiL, p. c, Montgomery county, J!. Car.: 72 m. W. S. W. Kaleigh. WiNUBicGE, p. c, Greene CO., Penn. : 173 m. W. by S. Uarrisburg. WiM> EivEK mountains, Oreg. T'l:, are a range of the P.ocky moimtains, forming in part the houmlary of (Vegon on the S. V... and comprising some of the highest peaks of tliat great chain. WiNKsoK county, rcrai, Sitiiate E. toward the S., and contains Oli sq. m. Drained by Black, Qucecbee, Williams', ami While rivers; these supply immense water-power. Surface un. vf 11 ; soil fertile, particularly along the b.'uiks of the Connecticut, where fine crops of grain, vegetables, and fruit are raised. Chief products, wheal, Indian corn, oats, and potatoes. In dillercnl parls of the co., steatite, or soap- -stonc, is found. Gf the Connecticut over a mile, and is beautifully shaded with trees. The New Haven, Hartford, and Springlield P.. P- pa.sses through it, 42 m. from New Haven, 20 m. from Springfleld. Pop. of I. in 1340, 2,23,3 ; in 1350, 3,251. WiKDsoE, t. and p. o., York county, Penn. : 82 m. 8. E. Uarrisburg. An agricultural township. WcDSOB, p. v., Walton co., Gt:. : on branch ofOcmulgeo r., 69 m. N. W. by N. MiUedgeviUe. Wlndsok, p. v., Mercer co., JV. Jcr. Wlndsoe. p. v., Eandolph Co., lud. : on W. fork of White r., 53 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. WiNDSOE, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Jfe ; 10 m. E. Augusta. Drained by Sheepscot r. It contains several mills, but its interests are chiefly agricultural. Population of t. 1,793. WuiDsoE, t. and p. o., Eaton counly, Mich, : S m. 9. W. Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Grand r. Pop. 253. Wi.NDSOE, t. and p. o., Dane co., Il'fec. ; 12 m. N. by W. Madison. Drained by small streams flowing into Fourlh lake. A proposed railroad from Madison to Portage will pass through it. Pop. 360. WisDSOK, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., iVass. : 8:3 m. W.by N. Boston. Drained by branches of WeslUeld r. The v. con- tains 2 churches. Pop. of t. 899. WisnsoE, t. and p. v., Broome county, jV. I'. .■ 100 m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Susquehanna r., on the \V. bank of which the v. is siluate, containing 2 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. of v. about 440, of t. 2,045. WiKDSOE, p. v., and cap. Bertie co., jV. Car. : on Cashio r., 93 ra. E. by N. Ealeigh. Itconlains the cumly buildings, several stores, etc. The r. is navigable for small ve.wls to this place, but its banks are low and swampy, preventing, by their unhealthiness, any groat scttlemeul. WiNDSOE, I. and p. v., Ashtabula Co., O'lio: 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and branches. The town contains several mills, tanneries, etc., and a quarry of grindstones. Pop. of 1. 1,033. WiNDSOE, t, p. v., and sta., Windsor CO., Ko-m. ; on W. side of Connecticut r., 64 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by Mill br., which has a fall of 60 feet in J m., an'ording ex- cellent water-power. .Surface uneven, rising in S. part into Asculney Mountain, 3,320 feet above tide-water. The town conuiins 3 pleasant villages. Windsor v., on W. bank of Connecticut r.. is noted for the beauty of its site and sur- rounding scenery. It is irregularly laid out, but well built, and contains 3 churches, a seminary, bank, capital .f .W.OOO, stores, etc. The " Chronicle" (whig) and " Journal" (.whig) are issued weekly. The Slate prison, here located, conlained ou Sept. 1, IS.'iO, 76 convicts. The Sullivan E. K. extends to this place from Bellows Falls, 25 m., and oonnocU with Vermont Central E. P.., hence to Kouse's Point, l.') m. These railroads, with the manufactures of the v., have made this place one of a very active business and trade. Pop. of t. 1,923. Wi.vn.soE Locks, p. v. and sta., Hartford co.. Conn.: on W. bank of Connecticut r., 12 in. N. Hartford. The locks here constructed by the Connecticut Eiver Company allow 937 WIN the passage of small steamboats and freight boats of S5 tons burden, and furnish an immense water-power, whieh, as yet, is but iiarlially improved. The New Uaven, Uanford, and Springfield E. E. passes along the banks of this great water privdege, having a sta. in the v., 14 m. from Spring, field, 48 from New Haven. WiNDSoHviLLE, p. V., Hartford co.. Conn. WixESBoao, p. v., Holmes co,, Ohio : SO m. N. E. by E. Columbus. WiNFiEU), p. v., Putnam co., Virg. : 24S m. W. by N. Eielnnund. WlxriELD, t and p. v., Herkimer county, K Y. : 74 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Unadilla r. The V. and t. contam several mills and manufactures. Pop of t. 1,4S1. WiNFiELD, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : 3S m. E. Annapolis. Wbtfield, p. v.. Union county, Peim. : 40 m. N. by "VV, Harrisburg. WiNFiELD, p. c. Lake county, Ind. : 165 m. N. W. by N. ludiaiuipuJia. WixFiELi., p. c, Columbia Co., Ga. : 6S m. N. E. by E MilledgeviUe. WiNFiELU, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : 84 m. E. N. E. Columbus. "WiNUALL, t. and p. v., Bennington county, Ver7n. : SO m. B. by Vf. Monlpr-lier. Drained by Winhall r. Pop. 762. WiNNA.v.ic, p. v., and cap. Pulaski Co., Ind. : on W. side of Tippecanoe r., 90 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. First set- tled in Km. It contains the county buildings, and an U. S. land office. The Indiana Central E. E. passes near it. Pop. about 240. Winnebago county, III. Situate N., and contains 6.34 sq. m. Eock river flows through the co., by which and its branches Kishwaukic and Pekatonica rivers it is drained. Surface undulating and diversified; soU deep mold, and very productive. Staples, wheat, grain, and tobacco Farms 919; manuf. 02; dwell. 1,979, and pop.—wh. 11,761" fr, col, 12 — total 11,773. CapiM: P.ockford. p'uUi!: Works: Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and Beloit Branch E, K. Winnebago county, la. Situate N., and contains 482 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Mankalo river. Surface undulating, and is mostly prairie and tmiber land. Set off Einee ISSO. ■Winnebago county, Wiao. Situate S. E. of the centre, and contains 471 sq. m. Drained by Neennh or Fo.\' and Panwaggun rivers and their affluents. Surface level and diversified, with large lakes; soil deep mold, very pro- ductive. Farms 388; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,889, and pop.— wh. 10,107, fr. col. 18— totall0,125. CapiM: Oshkosh. Winnebago, p. o.. Bureau county, lU.: 116 m. N. Springfield. Winnebago lake, TRsc. ; lies in E. part of the State, 80 m. W. Lake Michigan, between Winneb.ago and Calu- met counties, and in N. part of Fond du Lac county. It is 83 miles long, with average width of 8 m. It has sufficient depth for navigation by steamboats, several of which ply from Fond du Lac to various points on tlie lake and Neenah river. The water is hard and clear, though rendered tur- bid by winds. Its E. shore for 15 m. is composed of a high rocky wall, which is also found on portions of the W. shore. The N. shore is low, having for S m. a narrow sandy beach. It receives several streams, of which Neenah r. is the prin- cipal, and is its outlet into Green bay. WiNNBGAxcE, p. o., Lincoln co., i/i. Winneshiek county, la. Situate N. E., and contains '•■iS sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa and Turkey r. and their branches. Surface undulating, and a large portion prairie and Umber hand; soil fertile, and favrrable to the growth of wheal, grain, and potatoes. It has good pastur- age for cattle, and is well wooded. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 100. an.i pop.—wh. 646. Capital: Winneshiek. WiNHipiSEOGEE lake and river. N. Uamp.: the lake WIN lying between Belknap and CarroU counties is of very irreg- ular form, having an extreme length of about 23 miles, and Jls mam portion an average width of 6 m. Its branches are also large sheets of water, and combine with the main lake to form one of the most beautiful lakes in the Union Its shores are winding, and generally rocky, affording most de- hghtful scenery. Several pleasant villages upon its banks occupy picturesque sites. The water is remarkably clear and cold, derived extensively from springs at its bottom. It contains about 800 islands, some of which are large and very fertile, containing farms of from 200 to 500 acres and abounds with excellent flsh. This lake and vicinity have always been very popular resorts in summer, and by the recent construction of railroads to its shores, tho«annual number of visitors has since been very greatly increased Its elevation above the sea is 472 feet, and thus affords to its ouUets, Winnipiseogee and Merrimac rivers, abundance of water-power, used by the great factories at Manchester, Lowell, etc, WiMNiBiQosmsH lakes, Minn. Ter. : ISO m, N, by W, St- Paul, The larger is 14 m. long and 9 m. wide. WuraicoNNET, t and p. o., Winnebago co., Wwc.: 84 m N, N, E, Madison, Pop, 1,948. WiNNiPANK, p. T, and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn. : on Dan- bury and Norwalk E. E., 3 m. from 8. Norwalk, 59 m S W Hartford. WiNNSBOKO', p. v., Franklin par.. La.: 113 m. N. by W. Baton Eouge. WiNNSBoEO', p. v., sta., and cap. Fairfield dist., S. Cur.: on the Chariotte and S. Carolina E. E., 24 m. N. by W. Columbia. It has an elevated and healthy site, and Is generally well built. The county buildings are handsome structures. It also contains 5 churches, 4 academies, and the Furman Theological Seminary (Baptist), founded in 1S26, which in 1S50 had 2 professors, 30 students, 80 alumni, and 1,000 volumes in library, and occupies 4 handsome buildings of granite on a pleasant location. The " Fairfield Herald" (dem.) is issued weekly, and the " Christian Maga- zine (relig.) monthly. Pop. about 1,050. Winona, p. o., Trimble co., Ky. : 83 m. N. W, Frankfort, WiNoosKi Falls, p, v, and sta., Chittenden co,, Vfr-m.: on N. bank of Onion river, 33 m. N, W, by W, Montpelier, Here is excellent water-power, improved by first-clais fac- tories, etc, A branch E, E, from Buriington to Essex Junction passes through it, 3 m. from Buriington, WiNoosKi river. Verm.: (see Onion river.) WiNsiow, p. v„ Pike CO,, Iiul.: on Patoka cr,, 107 m, S, W, by 8, Indianapolis. WiNSLow, t. and p. v., Stephenson CO., Jil. : on branch of Pekatonica r., 1S2 m. N. Springfield. WiNSLOw, t and p. v., Kennebec CO., Me. : on E. bant of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Excellent water- power is afforded by Sebasticook r,, which empties into the Kennebec at the v, opposite Waterville, The Kennebec and Penobscot E, E, will pass through this place. Pop of 1. 1,796, WrsSLOW, t and p, v,, Camden co., N. Jer. : 8S m. S. Trenton. Draineil by Great Egg Harbor r. and a branch of Lilllc Egg Harbor r. The U contains several settlements Pop. of 1. 1,640. WmsTED, Litchfield CO., C(mn.: (see West Winsteb.) Winston county. Miss. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- tains 718 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Peari r. and affluents of Noxubee r. Surface level, and somewhat ele- vated, presenting the appearance of table-land ; soil a deep rich mold, and very fertile; it produces in abundance cotton and Indian corn, and is favorable to the cultivation of fruit, peaches, melons, and grapes. It is traversed by numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 556; manuf, 13: dwell, S^6, and pop.—wh, 6,178, IV, col, 10, si. 2,763- total 7,966, Cuiritnl : Louisville, Winston, p. v., and cap. Forsyth CO., IT. Car. : 101 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. WIN WIS Winston, p. v., Alleghany co., J/J. : 142 m. W. by N. Aunapolis. Wi.NBTOK, p. o., liau'lnlph CO,, Ala. : S5 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. Winston, p. o., Weakley county, Temi. : 107 miles W. Nashville. WiNTEE Habeoe, p. o., Ilancock county, Me. : S6 ra. E. Augusta. WiNTERPOCK, p. o., ChesterfleM co., Virg. WiNTEK Seat, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Cur. : 75 m. W. Columbia. WiNTEflSET, p. v.y and cap. Madison co., la.: 122 rn. W. by S. Iowa City. It contains the county buiKlini;9. WiNTERSTiLLE, p. V., Jefferjuu CO., Ohio : 120 m. E. by N. Culumbus. WiNTEEsviLLK, p. 0., DecatuT county, Ind, : 45 m. S. E. Indianapolis. WiNTHRop, p. o., Middlesex co., Conn. WiNTUKOp, p. o., Kane county, lU. : 150 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Wi.NTHEup, t and p. v., Kennebec county, Me.: 10 m. W. by S. Augusta. Dniined l>y Cobbt-stconte r., fl(>wing through llie large ponds in E. part of t. The v. is situated at the S. end of the North Lake, the outlet of which affonls waler-power. The Androseoggin and Kennebec IJ. K- passes through it. 53 m. from Portland, 29 m. from Waler- ville. Pop. of t. 2,154. WiNTON, p. v., and cap. Hertford co., 2^. Car. : on S. W. bank of Chowan r..lu2 m. N. E. by E. Kaleigh. It contains the county buildings and several stores. Pop. about 140. WiNTuN, p. o., Butler county, Ohio: 92 m. W, S. W. Columbus. WiNYAW bay, Georgetown dist,, S. Cm: : sets up N. W. from the Atlantic, is 14 m. long, 2 m. wide, and navigable for large vessels. It receives Black, Great Pedee, ami Wacaniaw rivers. W IOTA, t. and p. v.. Lafayette co., TTmc. ; 40 m. S. W. by S, Maiiison. Wasscommou r. flows through its E. part. Pop. of t. 711. WioTA, p. 0., Laclede co., Mu.: 60 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. WiRETowN, p. v., Ocean co., JV. Jtir. : on Bamegat bay, 42 m. S. E. Trenton. Wirt county, Vinj. Created from Wo^d and Jackson in l'^4s i^iiuale N. W. and contains 206 sq. m. Drain- ed by Little Kanawha r. .ind its tribularirs. Surface much broken : soil in general fertile. Chief products, wheat and . Indian corn. Farms 309; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 52S sind pop.— wh. 3.319. fr. col. 2. si. 32— total 3,:V>3. C'plUd: Wirt C. li. Puhlu- Work.'i: Nortli-weslem K. 11. Wirt, t. and p. o., .\li.-gliauy co., K T. : 2Sri rn. W. by ?. Albany. Drained tiy small creeks. Interests clnelly agri- cultural. Pop. 1,5U. Wirt C. H.. p. v.. and cap. Wirt co., Vir^.: on S. W. bank of Lillle Kanawlia r.. 2?2 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. It contains the county buildings, etc. Wirt College, p. v., Sumner CO., Tetiv. : SO m. N. E. Nashville. WiscAssETT, t., p. v., port of entry, nnd cap. Lincoln co.. J/c. ; on W. bank of Sheepscot r., 22 ra. S. S. E. Augusta. The V. has an elevated and very beautiful site, and contains the county builciings. several churches, 1 bank, capital |50,ou0, and many handsome dwellings. It is one of the most imjiortant seaports in the State, being largely cng.iged in tlie coasting trade, fisheries, ship-building, etc. Its for- eign commerce is not so extensive as formerly. The tola! tonnage of this district on June Sf'th, 1S50, was 1S,2{1 tons. The registered tonnage amonnlcd to 6,024 tons, of which 4,74S tons were permanent, and 1,276 tons temp'"irr.ry. The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 12,217 tons, consisting of 5,&4it tons in the coasting trade, 6,002 tons lu the cod fishery, 26 tons *' licensed under 20 tons" in coa-'l- ing trade, and 3o9 tons " licensed under 20 tons" in the cod fishery. At that date it liad no steam ^lnnace. Its foreign commerce during the year preceding, consisted of 23 clearances — 4.509 tons, and 4 entrance.? — 1,025 tons. Vessels built during the year IS (4 ships, 4 brigs, 10 schooc- ers)— 2,535 tons. Pop. of t. 2,343. THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. Wisconsin embraces all of tiiat portion of the northwest territory lying north of the parallel of -12^ 30' north latitude, and west of Lake Michigan, excepting the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying east of the Mississippi liiver. It is bounded nortti by Minnesota and Michigan; northeast and ea.st by Lake Michigan; .•^oulh by Illinois, and west by Iowa and Minnesota ; or, according to the constitution, as follows, to wit : ** Beginning at the north- east corner of the State of Illin-Ms. tliat is to say, at a point iii the centre of Lake Michigan, where the line of 42° 30' of north latitude crosses the same ; th>nce running with the bouu'lary line of the Plate of Michigan, through Lake Michigau and Green Bay, to the mouth of the MeiK.monee River ; thenue up the channel of the said river to the Bnlle I'.iver ; thence up said last-mentioned river to Lnke Bnile : thence along the southern shore of Lake Bnlle, in a direct line to the centre of the channel between Middle and South islands, in the Lake of the Desert: thence in a direct line to tlie head waters of the Montreal P.iver. as marke.l uj)on the survey made l>y Captain Cram ; thi'ncc down the main channel of tlie Montreal Kiver to the middle of Lake .Superior ; llienoe through the eentre of Lake Superior to the month of the St. Louis Kiver ; thence up the main ehannel of said river to the fir^l r;ipids in the same, above ttie Indian village, acc^^rding to Nicolh-t's map ; thence due south to the main branch of the river St. Croix ; thence down the main channel of said river to the Mississippi ; thence down the centre of the main channel of that river to the northwest corner of the State of Illinois; tlience due east with the northern bounq., in his Gazetteer of the Stale, published IS??, is the uniformity of its elevation, and shape of its surface, which is neither mountainous, hilly, nor flat, but gently uniulating. The country west of Sugar Kiver and south of the Wisconsin is somewhat broken, principally by the dividing riilge upon which the road from Madison to Prairie du Chien passes. In this section, known as the Mines, are sevenil pccnliiir clev:itiminent features are the prairie, dc'stitule of tree or shrub, covered only by a luxuriant growth of gra.*is. intersi)ersed with flowers of every hue; the o.-ik opening, Iho lake. the woodland on the border of streams, and the natural meadow. Proceeding north, to the Fox and Wi.Hconsiii rivers, and Green Bay, the timber increases, and the soil gradually changes from the vegetable mold of the prairie to a sandy litam. The surface also bccunes somewhat depressed and uneven, diversified with limber, rolling prairie, large marplies and exlensive swamps, having an abundant growth of cranberries .ind wild rice. Still, north and west the surface be- comes more uneven, and the streams rapid, aflfording an abundance of water-power for the manufacture of lumber from the immense forests of evergreen, scarcely auri>!i*sed on the Western Continent. 939 WISCONSIN. Tlie 6oU of the prairie consists of a dark brown vegetable molil, from one to two feet in depth, very mellow, and entirely destitute nf stone or gravel, and. for fertility and agricultural properties, can not be surpassed. The subsoil is a clayish loam, similar to the soil of the timtwred lands, and is also suitabl-j fur cultivation. The soil of the timbered land is less rich than the prairie, not so deep, and contains less carbonate of limt-, which enters into the composition of the latter in the proportion of from 20 to 40 per cent The mining region, unlike that of any other mineral district, promises a liberal reward, as well to the farmer as to the miner. The soil of the evergreen district is mostly sandy, and not so rich as in other portions of the State. It is nevertheless well adapted to agriculture and grazing. The prairies of Wisconsin are not so extensive as those of other States, and are so skirted and belled by timber, that they are well adapted to imme- diate and profitable occupation. The openings, which comprise a large portion of the finest land of the State, owe their present condition to the action of the annual flres which have kept under all other forest growth, except those varieties of oak which can withstand the sweep of that element. This annual burning of an exuberant growth of grasses and of under-brush, has been adding, perhaps for ages, to the productive power of the soil, and preparing it for the plow- share. It is the great fact, nature has thus " cleared up" Wisconsin to the hand of the settler, and enriched it by yearly burnings, and has at the same time left sufficient timber on the ground for fence and fire wood, that explains, in a great measure, the capacity it has exhibited, and is now exhibiting, for rapid settlement and early maturity. There is another fact important to be uotied in this connection. The low level prairie, or natural meadow, of moderate extent, is so generally distributed over the face of the country, that the settler on a fine section of arable land finds on his own ftirm, or in his immediate neighborhood, abundant pasturage for his stock in summer, on the open range; and hay for the winter for the cutting — the bounty of Nature supplying his need in this behalf till the cultivated grasses may be introduced and become suflicient for liis use. The limestone underlying the coal fields of Illinois forms the immediate basis of the alluvion of Southern Wisconsin. This geological district, in addition to that portion of the State which lies southerly of the valley of the "Wisconsin Eiver, comprises the whole of the slope toward Lake Mii^higan. In many portions of this district the lime rock dis- appears, and the out-cropping standstone furnishes a fine material for building. The lead-hearing rock of the mineral region is a porous limestone, prevailing throughout Grant, Lafayette, and Iowa counties, comprising four-fifths of the "lead district" of the Upper Mississippi, the remaining one-fifth being in the Slates of Illinois and Iowa. Deposits of iron ore, water limestone, and beds of gj'psura, together with other varieties of minerals, are fuun'l in localities more or less numerous throughout the Jimestone region. All of that section of the State which lies between Lake Superior on the north and the Falls of St. Anthony on the Mississippi, and the falls of the other rivers flowing southerly, is primitive in its prevailing geological character; and it is within this primitive region that the copper mines of Lake Superior are found—probably the richest in the world, and apparently inexhaustible. In all that portion of the State lying between tho primitive region just described and the limestone formation of the south and cast, the transition sandstone prevails, interspersed with limestone anil more sparsely with rock of a primitive character. This formation comprises that section of the country drained by the Wisconsin and other rivers tribularj- to the Upper Mississippi and below the falls of those streams. Within this geological district are found quarries of white marble, which promise to be abundant and valuable. Wisconsin, says J. A. Lapham, Esq., does not fall behind the other portions of ihe Western coilntry in the monu ments it affords of the existence of an ancient people who once inhabited North America, but of whom nothing is known except what cjin be gathered from some of tlie results of their labors. The works at Aztalan, in Jefferaon County, aro most known and visited, but Uiere are many other localities which are said to equal them in interest and importance. The substance called brick at this place is evidently burned clay, showing marks of having been mixed with straw, t)Ut they were not molded into regular forms. There is a class of ancient earlh-works in Wisconsin, not bef ire found in any other country, being made to represent quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and even the human form. These represenUi- tions are rather rude, and it is often difTicult to decide for what species of animal they are intended ; but the effects of time may have modified their appearance very much since th'ey were originally formed. Some have a resemblance to tbe buCTalo, the eagle or crane, or to the turtle or lizard. One representing the human form, near the Blue Mounds, is, according to R. C. Taylor, Esq., 120 feet in length ; it lies in an east and west direction, the bead toward the west, with the arms and legs extended. The body or trunk is 30 feet in breadth, the head 25, and its elevation above the general surface of the prairie is about 6 feet. Its conformation is so distinct that there can be no possibility of mistake in assign- ing it to the human figure.* Amoundatrrairieville, representing a turtle, is about 5 feet high, the body is 56 feet in length , it represents the animal with its legs extended and its feet turned backward. It is to be regretted that this interesting mound is now nearly destroyed. The ancient works are found in all parts of the territory, but are most abundant at Aztalan, c-n Rock River, near tho Blue Mounds, along the Wisconsin, the Neenah, and tbe Pisbtaka rivers, and near Lake Winnebago. The mounds are generally scattered about without any apparent order or arrangement, but are occasionally arranged in irregular rows, the animals appearing as if drawn up in a line of march. An instance of this kind is seen near the road, seven miles east from the Blue Mounds, in Iowa County. At one place near the Four Lakes it is said that one hundred tumuli, of various shapes and dimensions, may be counted— those representing animals being among others that are round or oblong. Fragments of ancient pottery of a very rude kind are often found in various localities. They were formed by hand, or molded, as their appearance shows evidently that these vessels were not turned on a *■' potter's wheel.'* Parts of the rim of vessels, usually ornamented with small notches or figures, are most abundant. A mound is said to have been discovered near Cassville, on the Mississippi, which is supposed to represent an auimal having a trunk like tho elephant, or the now extinct mastodon. Should this prove true, it will show that the people who made these animal earth-works, were cotemporaries with that huge monster whose bones are still occasion- ally found ; or that they had then but recently emigrated from Asia, and had not lost their knowledge of the elephant. The salubrity of the climate (Mr. Lapham is again quoted), the purity of the atmosphere and of tbe water, which is usually obtained from copious Ihing springs, the coolness and short duration of summer, and the dryness of the air dur- ing winter, all conspire to render Wisconsin one of the most healthy portions of the United SUUes. The wet meadows, uuirshcs, and swamps are constantly supplied with pure water from springs ; and as they are not exposed during summer Ui a burning heat, Ihey do not send forth those noxious and deleterious qualities so nmch dreaded in more southern and less favored latitudes. Many of our most flourishing towns and sctUementa are in the immediate vicinity of large swamps, * Tlie reader is referred to the " Notice of Induin Mounds, etc., in Wieconsin,"' in Silliman'a Journnl, vol. xxxjt., p. 88, by B. C. Taylor, and Ut the " Pescription of Ancient Remains in Wisconsin," by S. Taylor, rol. xUv,, p. SI, of the snme work, for more detailed descrijitiona and drawiogs of theae intere^litig animitl mouiida. 940 WISCONSIN. ,.„,=. No.ofP..nnd.. Val 1S41 29,749,909 $1,1»9,996 l^ii 29,4'24.329 1,1 "0,973 1S43 86,573,797 1,475.151 1S44 41,036,293 1,641,461 Yeara. 1S45.. 1S46.. 1S47. ...?2,04.':.,70'> ... 1,920,.')17 ... 2,039,972 1,991,349 Year' 1S49. IS-W. 1?51. 1S63. Nil, of rounds. ..45,9s5,639. ..41,4S5,900., ..84,600,3S4. .40,000,000. ,.$1,&39,433 . 1,659.436 , . l,SSfl,0l5 . . 1,600,000 t,„.reby exposed to the d.rect influence of •»■-.> -■• " , ;,V, ^'Tal '".V^^mlitie. But in Wisconsin no .,c,. deeaying vegetable matter be.ug thus »"• '1™1> " ' ^ ' „ , i, n the country conkls of oak-opening and ,.ra,r,o. and result is apprehended, or can he produced for a ''^'S'' P'" ""',,. ,,f„ reuiaining " hurr oak,-' can not have the same „,.y therefore be considered ;ts already cleared The ™n«™ "^ Lr Ll'' An 1 besides this, the tires that have an- eneel upon the soil as the cuttiug down of he 'i""'^, r^^f'-^ij'', f ,;'.,; „tuing excursions, have prevenled that nnally raged over the surface, often kindled f-P;;-'> ,^ ,*;/ '^i'^^^^^^ ^L-re the fires do not so often pcnc- r..pid accumulation of vegetable matter wh.eh '' > "^ ' '' ""^l " tisfy the reader of the truth of the opinion expressed .r 'fe. It is believed thatthe faet.s here staU.d w be »" .-^'j ^^ ^^ „, ^,, „„,, ,,„a,y places in the world by our most intelligent phys.cans, '''"l^ '''■"" ''\:^''i;^ "";";", 40,ono,0paral,ve ease with wh.ch '' ^"Jj'; ™; ,; ^ highway to wealth. New leads of the n.ent it ,s brought to the surface, open .> the -1-' ';"^:°' d'^ridand a" increasing emigration to tha. section of the richest promise have been recently discovered in .he mm ral '"^'""' " , ^ ,„e;„,inen,l. Btate pnmdses to replace the California ^'■^^•^^^^^'^^^ Ll world, and open an inviling field for The copper mines of Lake '-^•^^^^"^.X^^'^^^^'^'-^"'' -'"■"'"'^' ^'"^ " ="""'""« '"" ""™ '" n^iStt ^^.rsr::;^,:::; ™r a: a .^^ ,, „„ „, .. ...gran. T^:rr;^==r=u:J^ 5^^^^ The following statemenl exhibits ihc shipment of lead from Galena from ) ofthe same at four dollars per hundred weight: ^^^^^^^^^^^ '- ...61,144.822.. ...45,007,933.. ...50.999.303.. ^^^j;a;er:::;p:n«tr:::ish::ed-.dS^ amount and quality of its resources, -"^'-f^f^™' ™;',!;™Xe in abundance all kinds of grain, as well as the facilit, The richness ofthe soil of Wisconsin, and its abihly o I''^* " '' " ^ j^.,,,,„,, ,„, ^i, kinds of agricullur.d implemenia by which the lands are brought under subjection, crea e ^l^'^-'^^'Vu, dings, and elaborate perfection in complicate,! and mechanical labor. Architectural eleganco '7""'?^" /, .^^'l i^wi^c.-nsin compare favorably with those ol .he machinery is no. to bo expected in new -W™';"; j^^J^'^ '^ '„ ,vi.h their families, create a necessi.y for tein- older Slates. The rapid growth of tow-ns, ™'^ '^^S^f" ,;'^„\f IZn.-houses, and give cons.ant employ for .he mason, porary buildings, soon to be superseded ''y ">°'^;'""^ ''^„rtn^^^^^^^ of the Slate already in opera.ion, as well as .hose in le carpenter, and all other mechanics. The 'mmnse A.^^ ,„,„,„ „„, only their respecUve vicimfe. w.ll> progress of erection, provide labor for the mi Iw right ^J^^^'''^"'^' ^^^ exportation. all kinds of mill stuff, but .nore than 100,000 barrels °' f™ »"™^'^ ^ nvestment and setllemcnt, which can be hard y To the lumberman, the pineries of ^-^™7. P;X\^^;'™ "e „ os. extensive; and dis.inguished still mor.. lor .he overra.ed. Tha. of .he Upper Wisconsin and its "' "^'^^ ^ '^^^ ,„,^liti,3 „f u,e whi.e pine and other evergreens fine quality than the inexhaustible I"™'"-" "l' ' "^?tL Vox, t e tribularies of Green Bay, and on the I- Cr.,s,e. the are mainly on the Wolf, the great northern =ffl"™' " * ^r Mi^ s,ippi. The rapids of these streams funnsh abundant Black, Chippewa, and the St. Croix, br-anches of »^. Y^^''^' 'rin^rise, and occ-mional freshet, at other seas..ns of he water:power for the manufacture of lumber and on the a^uaun^^ year, the yield of the mills is floated from the W olf ""» ^^"''^ '' j,, ^Alleghany pineof Weslem New York and I'onn- .reams into the Mississippi. Scarcely ten years >;=>;;; ^'X^^™ ^ „ Valk-y, bul of the Mississippi and ils trihutarie, sylvania had undisputed possession of the marke , n t on^y « the ^__^, ^^^^ Brunswick. The course of the above New Orleans, at which point it competed with *° ' '"'""ij ^cs of Wisconsin no«- conlrol, and will hold lumber trade may now be considered as P""""™"/'^''''''" :„,,■, ^J us great western affluent The amount of pine exclusive possession of the market of the valleys of he ^^ » ^ J,^ j,,^ Uiver, 15,000,000 ; Chippewa. 28,600, 00 ; lumber estimated to be sawed >" ^'''^""'"'""""f^Cro ,20 000,000 ; Wisconsin, 53,600,000; Wolf, 25,500,000-to.al Green Bay, 21,000,000; Mauitouwoc, 24,600,000, bt. i.roii, io, , number of feet, 193,000,000. . „„,,, ono,000,000 feet per year, saw-mills, driven Aside from the manufacture of pine lumber, reachin as n ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^ ^„.l |„g„ by both steam and hydraulic power, are now in oi"'™'"" '' ; '„; „e yearly manufactured. quantities of oak scantling and plank, an,l ta^^'^'' ^ ' "^^^ I M, and the capitals of each, in 1350, were as follow. : ^Wisconsiai3dividedinto81counties,thegenerals.atist,csof ^^^^^^ ^-S S? ^'P'-"- Courinea. IJwelL Adams *"■■ ...1,003.. ... 833.. ... 94.. ...1,853.. ... 671.. ..8.203. Brown Calumet . . Chippewa Columbia. Crawford Dane Tup. 137.. 6,215.. 1.743.. 614.. 9,565. . 2,493 .16,641.. 1,J01 Farms M.iMuf. JDCiilu Estab Capitals 0. 190.. 125.. 0.. 8.3S.. Dodge'.'.' 8,&>0.. 19.133. .2,132. Adams C. IT. ,Pe Pcro .StocKbridge X'hippewaC.H. .Ft. WinncKago . Pralr. ilu Chien .Mamsos ..Juneau La I'olnle '*• Dwell. Pop. ...2,721.. 14,463.. !.. 2,561.-16,170.. ...1,431.. 8..563.. ...l.MC. 9,^30.. ...2,934.. 15,317.. ...1.S12. ,10.732.. .2,070. .11,5'11.. 488.. Farms Mnnuf. {.,„„„!, . ill cult, p.stn.,. 921.. 16. .Fond duLae 704.. 73.. Lancaster 763.. 45. -Monroe 470.. 24. .Mineral Point 932.. 74. ..loffersT'n 914.. 51.. Kenosha 19.. 21..Rliull8burg. B.. l..Ln Point* Ml WISCONSIN. Countie*. DwelL Matiitoiiwoc 715.. Marathon 7G.. Marquelle l.TTS.. Milwaukie 5,0.30 Portage »«.. Racine 2,578.. Richland 173.. Pop. 8,702.. 508.. 8,642.. 81,077. . 1.250.. 14,973. . 90-3. . . 22..ManitouwocR. . 15. .Wausau . 7.. Marquette .236. .Milwaukie . 15.. Plover Portage .104. .Racine . 4.. Richland Cent .125..Janesville Counties. Dwell. Pr>p, Saint Croix ISl.. 624. Sauk S44.. 4,871. Sheboygan I,7i3.. S,37S. Farms io LUlt. 4.. 245.. 32S.. Walworth . Washington . Waukesha. .. Winnebago . . 3,112.. 17,S61..1.SS4., .8,770. .19,4S4..1.3E3.. .8.4'i3.. 19.174.. 1,703.. 2.. Willow River 7 . . Baraboo 29.. Sheboygan 8I..Elkhorn 32.. Ozaukee 7S. .Waukesha .1,889. .10,125.. 33S.. 82..08hkosh Rock 8,618. .20,703. .1,965. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 56,316; of families, 57,60S; and of inhabitants' 305,191 ; viz., whites 304,565— males 164,221, and females 14(1,314 ; fr. ol. 626— males 365, and females 261. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumh—vih. 65, fr. col. o— total 65; blind— y/h. 50, fr. col. 0— total 50; insane— v/h. 43, ft*, col. 0— total 43 ; and idiotic~\>>h. 76, fr. col. 1— total 77. The number of free persons born in the Unite-i States was 197,912, the number of foreign birth I(i6,695, and of birth unknown 7S4. The native population originated as follows. Maine 3,252, N. Harap. 2.520, Verm. 10,157, Mass. 6,2S5, R. I. 690, Conn. 4,125, N. York 6S,595, N. Jer. 1,566, Penn. 9,571, Del. 141, Md. 462, Diat, of Col. 33, Virg. 1,611, N. Car. 322, S. Car. 107, Ga. 495, Flor. 4, Ala. 49, Miss. 85, La. 78, Tex. 4. Ark. 67, Tenn. 449, Ky. 1,429, Ohio 11,402, Mich. 1.900, Ind. 2.773, III. 5,292, Mo. 1,012, la. 445, Wijiconsin 63,015. Calif. 0. Territories 26 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons fn>m— England 18,952, Ireland 21,043, Scotland 3,527, Wales 4,819, Germany 34,519, France 775, Spain 4, Portugal 4, Belgium 45, Holland 1,157, Italy 9, Austria 61, Switzerland 1,244, Russia 71, Denmark 146, Norway 8,651, Sweden S3, Prussia 8,545, Sardinia 1, Greece 1, Asia 17, Africa 1, BritiBh America S,277, Mexico 9, Central America 11, South America 6, West Indies 20, and other countries 191. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first general census of the State: Ci'loruii Persona. Decetmi:!! lrn;ff,L''e. Census "While , ^ , Total ^— ■ * , Years. Persons. Frea. Slave. Total. Popnlnlion. NunieriL-Bl. Per cent, 1S40 80.749 185 11 196 80,945 — — 1S50 304,565 626 — 626 805.191 274,246 886.2 The general statistics of the resources, productions, manufactures, wealth, and institutions of Wisconsin, in accordance with the census of 1850, and other authentic reports referring to the same period of time, are as follows: Occupied Lintdn, etc. — Improved farm lands, 1,045.499 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,931,1.'39 acres — together valued at $28,528,563. The total number of farms in operation on the Ist June, 1S50, was 20,177, Value of farming implements and machinery $1,641,568 Lire-Stov^.—UoTSQs. 30,179 ; aases and mules, 156 ; milch cows, 64,339 ; workmg-oxen, 42,801 ; other cattle, 76,293 ; Bheep, 124,892 ; and swine, 159,276. The live-stock of 1S40 and of 1S50 compared, give the following results: Live Slock. Horses , Asses and Mulea , Milch Cows Working Oxen Oiher Cattle Sheep Swine , ix: [ 5,735 head | ^*^'^^^ *"^^'* I 24,600 head, or 428.9 per cent I t 156 " ' 80,269 K6 M.3.')!> 42,S01 70,293 124.S92 159,276 1 64.3.')9 " I < 42,S01 '• J-. « 70,293 " 1 .153,164 or 606.0 " or 3,607.5 or 209.8 34,624 " 124.S92 " 121,430 51,388 " 159,276 " 107,893 —in 1850, the value of live-stock amounted to $4,879,385. Products of AmmaU.— 'Wool, 253,963 pounds ; butler, 3,633,750 pounds ; clieese, 400,283 pounds ; and the value of animals slauglitered in the year had been .^920,178. The wool crop of the census year of lS4ii amounted to 6,777 pounds ; and hence that of 1850 exhibits an increase of 247,186 pounds, (»r of 3,499.8 per centum. The clip per fleece, in 1840, was 81.8 ounces, and in 1850, 32.5 ounces — being an average increase of 1.2 ounces per fleece. Grain Crops.— Vfbeat, 4,286,131 bushels: rye, 81,253 bushels; Indian corn, 1,938,779 bushels; oata, 8,414,673 bushels ; barley, 209,692 bushels ; and buckwheat, 79,878 bushels. These crops, compared with the crops of 1840, result as follows : Cntps. 1840. I860. Increase. Wheal 212,116 bushels 4,286,131 bushels 4,074,015 bushels, or 1,920.6 percent. Eye 1,965 Indian corn 879,359 Oata 406,514 Barley 11.062 Buckwheat 10,654 79,288 1,609,620 8,008,168 . 198,630 69,224 or 4,035.1 or 426,9 or 7;».8 or 1,796.6 or 649.3 81,268 " ... 1,988,979 " ... 8,414,672 " .... 209,692 " .... 79,878 " Otiier Food Crops.— Veas, and beans, 20,667 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 1,402,077 bushels, and sweet 879 bushels. The pot.ito crop of 1840 amounted to 419,608 bushels; and hence the crop of 1850 exhibits an increase of 983,348 bushels, or 234.3 per centum. Mincellantom Cro/M.— Tobacco, 1,268 pounds; hay, 275,662 tons; clover-sccd, 4S3, and other grass-seed, 342 bushels; hops, 15,930 pounds: hemp — dew-rotted, 300 tons, and — water-rotted, 2 tons ; fiax,6>,393 p;•"•»,''.'*';,,,';■' '^'^ employed, 22S ; average mouthlv wages, $26 73 : producL, of the year-cast.ngs 1,342 tons, and, moludmu' $64.0.. , the vZeof other producfs, these w;re valued al$216,196. In 1S40, therewas but one furnace in the Mate, which produced only 8 tons cast iron, and employed 8 hands, and a capital of $S00. ^,. j ,oq q n. i„„H, ..moloved 75- LuumeHe., the capital invested amounts to $78,960 ; value of hides and skins used $93 3,0 ; ^™rts empk.> ed. 75 , monthly cost of labor, $1,710 ; lanne.i during the year, 14,900 skins, and 59,600 sides of lea hor, valued "*•-■'(■ » m". but on. tannery was reported, employing 3 hands and $2,000, and producing annuaUy 150 sides of sole leather, and 'The rapll in"I"d'n "the manufacture of »„« a.* spintuon. U,nor. amounts to $98,700: '."-"''^^^^^^X',;' CTain etc consumed-barley, 91,020 bushels; com, 29,900 bushels ; rye, 9,200 bushels ; hops, 28 tons; h.ind, empl..>> d, fsqliuirrfTciuorsprod'uced-ale, etc., 31,320 barrels; whisky, 127,000 gallons. In !«''■ *-;,;;:, 'J-^':;;; producing 14,200 gallons ale, etc., and 8 distiUeries, producing 8,300 gallons sp.riLs, etc., together emploj lUg 11 hands, and '"£;™";f,""/,.e,.K. /,„p™.,„«t«..-The commerce of Wisconsin, chiefly carried on ^^^^^''^^^^^Z valuable and extensive. The statistics of its foreign trade with Canada are embraced m those of the districts "f Mich mlckinac and Chicago, ati.l hence can not be stated separately The trade ^^^^^^ "^^rip:; Tm ftt The coasliiig trade is relatively of immense importance, both on the lake and on the Mississippi. The exports an In plat the Ike port, are shown under the head of Lake Michigan. The cliief ''-"^ "^ ' l' ^ P^^'flf;;.'; f,';' Chien, Ca-sville, etc., an,l the exporla from those are chiefly mineral. The int.-r,ial conmerco ol he Mat, s ™" ' ' " "ih Jreat acUvily, radiating froti the principal commercial towns to every portion, and large supplies are '^r': '-'''" " ::uiernp-meries which su'pply so valuable a material to general commerce 'l''-" i"^- '"IJ-Xii;: ,:l ^ 7, '^ are more pr.spective than existing, but great progress has been made ,n building ailroads, .ne of who h " ''^^ " "' ' f Z like shore from Chicago to Fond du Lac, and other roads diverge from Ch,c:,go, M,lw.aukie, etc., ,..» ar 1 li. M, Bank, Kichmond's Exchange Bank, and the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance (.ompauj, all at Mil«auk,e. The ''=::;::rTrr=:>w;u^;l:1s':drr;n convention on thelstrebmary, 184, and approved b. ""lii^Ser^r;" ::;^r^;hf S; one year next be.re the election, who are while ci..., of the TTnh^ fitMe. or white forei-ues who have declared their intention to become such cih.cns. or p.^rsons of ndiau blood once rSj;r;ret:;^ofthei;nited.a,estobecit.«..d,.^^ rr,;ldtTi~r"~r:v::;:;'::^a'^;;!:^.i.^^^^^ !^d those convicted of'lreasoa or crime. The general elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in '';;^r}:;v:r7;on,i«t, of an Assemmy and Senate. Members of Ihe Assembly ,in ^"^^^^^^^^^^^ meets at Madison on the first Monday of .lanuary anninilly ^ ^^ The Governor- shall be a qualified voter and cibzeii of Ih., 1 niftd S ales, an is ci ti i i votes and if there be no choice the Legislature shall, by j.Miit ballot, choose one of the person, lia> ing the higliist equal dumber of vote,. In default of the governor, his duties are discharged by -'■'■.^ "';;;;'; ^f;;;--;,'''';^ , J ieM^ant' the same q.ialiflcation and for the same term as the governor, lie is «.M2?n-,o res, l.mt of the Miat. . f the 1 eutnant goJruor defaulLs, then the Secretary of Stale All, the offlco. The governor's r<(o may be .leleated b> a vote of two- WISCONSIN. Justices of the peace, also probate powers and jurisdiction. The Slate is divided into six judicial circuits, tlic voters of each of -wliich elect a judge for six years. The circuit courts have general original jurisdiction in aelrinis civil and criminal at law and equity within their circuits. The supreme court is composed of the judges of the circuiis, one of whom is elected by the other judges Chief Justice. Except the power to issue writs of 7iiandamti^s, quo warranto^ and the like, this court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is the court of last resort. There can be no trial by jury in this court. Tribunals of conciliation may be established, and in every organized county the Legislature may appoint one or more persons with powers not exceeding those of a circuit judge at chambers. Sherifla, corouerSj registrars of deeds, and district attftmeys are chosen by the people for twf> years. Among the miscellaneous provisions of the constitution are the following : no lottery or divorce can be granted by the Legislature ; laws shall be passed providing a way for suing the State ; the credit of the State shall never be lent, nor shall any del)t be contracted nor money paid for internal improvements, unless the State hold trust properly dedicated to such uses ; except in cases of war, invasion, or insurrection, no debt exceeding :^100,(iU0 shall be contracted ; a university without "sectarian instruction" shall be established; the Legislature shall prevent towns and cities from con'racting debts ; no general or special law to create a bank or banks shall be passed till a majority of the votes at a genera! ele(y tion shall have been in favor of a bank, and until such a majority have afterward approved the act as passed ; any person implicated in a duel loses the right of suffrage and of holding office ; no public defaulter shall hold office ; in criminal prosecnlions for libel the jury are judges of law and fact ; all lands are allodial, and leases of agricullural lands, with reut or service reserved for more than flfleen years, are void ; resident aliens have all the property rights of citizens ; imprisonment for debt on contract is prohibited ; no religious opinions shall disqualify a witness, etc. Amendments to the constitution, agreed to by a majority of members of both houses, shall be published for three months before the next election, and referred to the Legislature then chosen ; and if again approved by such majority, shall be submitted to the people. A convention may be called in like manner. Federal Represefitation. —yfiscons'm, in accordance with the apportionment act of the 23rd May, TS50, has three rep- resentatives in the United States Congress. The militia force of the State as reported to the Adjutant-General of the United States army consists of 32,203 men of all arms, of which 1,804 are commissioned officers, and 30,899 non-commissioned officers, musicians, arliflcprs, anf llie Protestant Episeopiil Cluirch, and coraprlsea ttie R"ni;in Catholic diocese of Milwaukie. faiiperis-m atid 'Crhiie.—Tin; whole number of paupers wlio rt-eeived support within llu- year endin^r Isl Juno, 1S50, was 666, of which number 169 were native, and 4^7 foreign born ; and the wliulf nuinbi-r of paupers at ihr date specified wasSSS, of which 72 were natives, and 166 foreijrncrs. Cost of support within the year, $14,743. A Slate prison has just been erecteil at Waupun.in Fiuid du Lac County. JlistoHcal A^VLf^eA.*— Wisconsin was first visilfd by French misi^ionarics in 1660, in October of wliich year Mesnard reached Che-goi-me-iron, on Lake Superior. In I67"i. Aloues and Dablon visited Green Bay, and tlic country between the Fox Ui^cr and Ihe south end of Lake Michigan. In the jcar follmving. on the 13ili of May, Martpieltc, a Jt/suit mis- sionary, and Joliel, an agent nf the governraenl of France, with five oihcr Freui-bmen, embarked from tht.-ir mission, near Mackinac, and arrived at Green Bay, where they found an lu'lian village and procured guide* to accompany them up Fox Iliver to the Portage with the Wisconsin. They descended this river to its mouth, where ihcy arrived on the 17th of June, 16":3. and made the first discovery of the Upper Mississippi River. The Territory remained under the govern- ment of tlie French, who claimed it, until 1763, when, at the treaty of Paris, it was ceded to Great Jlritain, who retained it until the Indrpendenee of Ihe United Stales was acknowledged by that country in 17S3, when it was elaitned by Vir- ginia, as a part of the Illinois country conquered by Col. George Rogers Clark. It, however, remained in the possession of Great Brit.'dn until 1796, when it was surrendered in accordance with Jay's treaty, ratified the previous year. On tho first day of March. 17S4, it was ceded by Virginia to (he United States. By the celebrated ordinance passed the 13lh of July, 17S7, a government was provided for the Territory north-west of the Ohio River, which territory was divided into two separate governments, the western called Indiana, by an act passed May 7th, ISOO. An act dividing the Indiana Territory and organizing Illinois, was passed and approved February 3d, ISuO. By the act of Congress to enable the people of Illinois to form a State government, approved April l->lb, ISIS, all that portion of saiy E. Indianapolis. WoLCOTTviLLK, p. V. and sta., Litchfield co., Coim. : sita- ■ This aketcl) of llie liislory of WiacoDsin is taken from " Hunt's Gazelte^r" of tlint SlJite, ndvancfi? nh^Pls of wdicli wrr»? kindly fumiibed V tti« Xditor of tb« £. G. of U, S. It ia « work of great value, and rell«ct« hi^ti crcrdit oa ths industry and ability of tbe Isarned aulLur. 60 M5 WOL ated at the cnnfliience of the heart branches of Naugatuok r., 23 m. W. IIarlf.,rd, 87 m. N. N. W. New' Haven. The Naugaluck E. R. passes through, 52 m. from Bridgeport, 10 m. from Winsted. Good water-power is here furnished, and improved by various manufaelories. In the vicinity is a good bed of copper ore. Wolf, p. o., Kno.x co., Ohio: 41 m. N. E. Columbus. Wolf lUTotr, p. o.. Ind.-pendence co., Ark.: on small stream of same name, 67 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. WoiFBoRo', t. and p. v., Carroll county. K f{„mp. : 29 m. N. E. by N. Concord. This t. is noted for its flue scenery, and the beautiful views here presented of Lake Winni- piseogee, which bounds it on the W. It contains numerous saw-mills, several tanneries, and other manufacturing establishments. Pop. of t. 2,0.3S. Wolf Ckef.e, p. o., Lenawee co., Mlc/:. : on cr. of same name, 84 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Wolf Crf.ek, t. and p. o., Mercer co., Penn. : 184 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Wolf or., and contains mills of various kinds. Pop. about 2.000. Wolf Ckeek, p. o., Pickens disL, S. Car. : 112 m. N. W. bv W. Columbia. Wolf Lake, p. o., Noble county, Ind. : no m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Wolf Kivee, p. o., Fayette co., Tenii. : 15S m. W. S W Nashville. Wolf Eun, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 72 m. N. by W Harrisburg. Wolfsville, p. v., Frederick county, Md. : 61 m. N. W. Annapolis. Wolfsville, p. v., Union co., N. Car. ; 99 m. W 8 W Ealeigh. Wo.velsdoef, p. b., Berks county, Penn. : on 8. side of Tulpehocken cr., 86 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Its inhabit- ants are chiefly of German origin. It contains several mills, stores, etc., and is surrounded by a fertUe and well-culti- vated district. Pop. about 960. WoNASQirATcCKET river, Providence co., 71. T. : an im- portant mill-stream, rising in Smilhfleld, and flowing 8. E into Providence Cove. Wood county, Ohio. Situate N. toward the W., and con- tarns 612 sq. m. Drained by Portage r. and its branches and branches of Maumee r. Surface varied, and descends gradually toward Lake Erie in the N., with which connec- tion is hail by means of Maumee r. and hay ; soil a deep loam, with sand inlermLxcd, and very fertile. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Live-stock and grain are ex- ported. A large portion of the "Black Swamp" is within the limits of the co., which, if drained, might be rendered productive. Farms 704 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1542, and pop.— wh. 9,139, fr. col. IS— total 9,167. Capital: Perrysburg. PuUic Works : Toledo and Fort Wayne E. E. ; Wabasli and Erie Canal. Wood county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1,046 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches, Lake Fork, Big Sandy cr., and other small streams. Sur- face undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is adapted to cotton, corn, and other agricultural productions. Tliere is a considerable quantity of pine timber on the land, and some prairie. It contains some springs of excellent water, and has some few raineriijs. CapiUil : Quitman, Wood county, Virg. Situate N. W.. ami contains 476 sq. m. Drained by Little Kanawha river and its branches. Surface hilly and broken ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn, with to- bacco, etc. Farms 640 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 1.564, and pop.— wb. 9,008, fr. col. 69. si. 873-total 9,450. Capital: Park- crsburg. Puhllr. Works: North Western K. E. Wool. beery, p. v., Butler co., Ey. : 110 ra. S. W. by W. Frankfurt. WooDBKREv, p. v., Merriwether co., Ga. : on W. side of Flint r., SI m. W. Milledgeville. Woodbine, p. v. and sta., Carroll co., Md. : on Baltimore WOO 946 and Ohio E. E., 33 miles from Baltimore, 50 miles N. W Annapolis. WooDBixE, p. o., Whitley county, K-t/. : 107 m. 8. S E Frankfort. WoouBotiENE, p. v., Sullivan co., X. Y.: on E. bank of Neversink r., 74 m. S. W. by S. Albany. WoooBoDK.NE, p. v., Knox county, Tenn. : loa m E Nashville. ' ' WooDBRtDGE, p. v., Cedar co., la. WooDiiRiDoE, I, and p. v.. Middlesex co., N. Jer.: 38 m N. E. Trenton. The t. contains several flourishing villaees! with part of Eahway v. The New Jersev P.. E p^,^ through it. Woodbridge v., 3 m. 8. Eahway, contains a church, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1840, 4 S''l • in ]S5o, 5,141. '■ WooDBiEN, p. v., Burke county, Ga. : on Mill cr., 63 m E. by N. Milledgeville. WooDBL-BN, p. v., Macoupin county. III: 54 m S 8 W Springfield. ■ ■ W00DBFE.N, p. o., Warren county, Ky. : 120 m S W FrankforL WoonnrRv. t. and p. v., Litchfield county. Conn. : 31 m W. S. W. Harlfor.1. Drained by Pomperaug r. and branches which unile near lhev.,and afl-.ird water-power to woolen factories, and other mills. The v. is neatly built, and con- tains 3 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. 2,150. Woodbury, p. v., Cumberiand county, lit. : a branch of Embarrass r, S2 m. E. 8. E. Springfield. The National road passes through it. Woodbury, p. v., Hamilton county, I,id. : 20 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Woodbury, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on Baltimore and Susquehanna P.. E., 3 m. N. Baltimore. WooDBi-EV, p. v., Wright county. Mo. : on Osage fork of Gasconade r., S4 m. 8. S. W. Jefferson City. Woodbury, p. v.. and cap. Gloucester co., N. Jer. : 88 m. 8. W. by S. Trenton. It contains a fine brick court-house, fire-proof county offices, stone jail, an academy, several stores, and 3 churches. The "Constitution" is issued weekly. Woodbury cr. flows on N. side of the v., and is boalahle to this place. Pop. about 900. WooDucKY, p. v., Wood county, Ohio : 94 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Woodbury, t. and p. v., Bedford co., Penn. .■ 75 m W Harrisburg. Drained by Yellow cr. and branches, winch afford water-power to numerous flouring and saw mills. Iron ore is here found, and smelted by several furnaces. Pop. of I, about 4,000. Woodbury, p. v., and cap. Cannon county, Tenn.: 42 m. S. E. by E. Nashville. It has a good site, and is drained by a branch of Stone's cr. of Cumberiand r. It contains the county buildings, several stores, etc. Pop. about 200. Woodbury, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm.: 17 m N. E. by N. Monlpelier. Watered by numerous ponds, and branches of Lamoille and Onion rivers. Pop. of 1. 1 070. Woodcock, t. and p. v., Crawford CO., Penn. : 1S7 in. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Drained by Woodcock creek'. The t. contains a large number of mills and other manufac- turing estalilishmenls. Pop. about 2.000. Woodford counly, III. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 632 m. Mackinaw r, a tributary of Illinois r., drains Ihe eastern portion, and other branches of same river the N. and W. Surface umlulaling; soil fertile. Staples, wheat and grain. The W. is bounded by the Illinois, which In lliis part opens into a br.>ad basin. Farms 506 ; manuf. 14; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 4,416, fr. col. 0— total 4,416. Capital: MKhimon. PuUia Works : CenirAl Illinois E.E. Woodford county, Ktj. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 141 sq. m. Drained by branches of Kentucky r., which bounds it on the W. Surface level ; soil a fine deep vegetable loam and very productive. Staples, tobacco, wheat, and Indian com. Farms 630 ; manuf. 93 ; dwell. 1,063, woo woo and pop.— wh. 5.SS2, fr. col. 1G5. si. 6.o7(J— total 12.4-2-". Capital : Versailles. Public Wurks : Lexington and Frankfort R. E. ■Woodford, t. ami p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: 103 m. S. S. W. Montpt'Iier. Surface elevat.-d annnui.i-, t. and p. v.. Stcnbcn county. K. Y. : 104 m. TV. by S. Alliany. Uraincd by Tiiseamra er. Surface un- even, and covered with heavy tinil)er. Pop. in 1S40, S27; in ISofi. 1.7(59. WoyDJiULL, t. and p. o., ShiawassL'C co.. Mich. : 10 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Drained by l)ranehes of Looking Gla.'^s river. Pop. in lS4a, 147 ; in ISoO, 259. "WooDiNGTON, p. o., Dafke county, Ohio: S4 m. W. Columbus. "Woodland, t and p. o., Barrj' county, 2[ich. : 2S m. "W. Lansing. Draine^i by creeks of Grand r. Pop. 3T7. Woodland, p. o., Barren county, A'^, ; 9S m. S. W. by S. Frankfort. Woodland, p. o., Clearfield co., Peniu: 95 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Wooih.and, p.o.,Kast Feliciana par. La, : 29 m. N. byE. Baton Eoiige. Woodlands, p. o., Ma^«^hall county, Virg. : on E. aide of Ohio r., 232 m. N. W. Rirhtnond. WooDLAWN, p. v., Dallas county, Ala,: 40 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Wo<,tnLAttTC, p. o., Murray county, Ga.: 15S m. X. W. Miltedgeville. WooDLAWN, p. o., Itawamba county, 3fis.% : 165 m. N. E, by N. Jackson. Wooi.LAWN, p. o., Washita co., Arl\ : 92 m. S. 9. W. Little Rock. Wooi'LAWN, p. v., Cecil co., 3fd,: 51 m. N. E. by N. Annapolis. The vicinity is highly cultivated, and furnishes cattle and wbeal for market. Granite of the finest texture is extensively quarried. The Chesapeake fisheries are also prosecuted. Pop. 180. WooDLAWN, p. o., Monroe co., Mo.: on S. fork of Salt r., 66 m. N. Jefferson City. WooDLAWN, p. v., Appomattox co., Virg. : 81 m.W. by S. Richmond. WooDLAWN, p. v., Lincoln co., AT Car.: on W. side of Catawba r.. 126 in. W. S. W. Kaleigh. WooDLAWN, p. v., Edgefield disU, ^. Car. : 62 m.W. S.W. Columbia. Woodridoe's Stof.e, p. o., Christian county. Ay. ; 170 m. 8. W. by W. FrankforL WooDRirFF's, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: 72 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. Wood's, p. o., Perry county, Teniu : 75 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. WooDSBORo', p. v., Shelby co., Ala. : C2 m. N. X. W. Montgomery. WooDsitoEo', p. v., Montgomery co., UK : 45 m. S. by E. Springfield. WooDSBOBo', p. o., Frederick county, Md. : 52 m. X. W. Annapolis. Pop. about 100. Wood's Coeneks, p. 0., Hillsdale county, Mich.: 59 in. S. Lansing. Wood's Cross Roads, p. o., Gloucester co., Viry. : 44 m. E. Richmond. WooDSDALE, p. v., Person co., 2^. Car. : 50 m. N. N. W. Ealeigh. WooDsHF-LD, p. v., and cap. Monroe county, Ohio : on S. side of Sunfish creek, 96 m. E. Columbus. It has an elevated and pleasant site, and contains g'Xid county build- ings, with several stores. The "Spirit of Democracy" (dem.) is here pubhshed. Pop. 395. Wood's Hill. p. v., Eoarie co., Tt'un.: on N. aide Ten- nessee r.. 1G2 ni. E. by S. Nashville. Wood's Hole, p. v., Rar:islablc co.. Mum. : 62 m. S. S. E. Boston. It has a good harbor, admitting vessels of the largt-st class, and protected by islands on the S. and W. Thr V. is of eonsi.lerable summer resort for sea air and balhiiii;. Xatislion Hou<>e is a fine hotel. Wnoi> Shop, p. o., Dale county, ,-l^«.; 40 m. S. E. by S. Monlgouiery. Woon's MtLLR. sta., Vigo co., Iml. : on Terre Haute and Eichniond E. U., S m. K. from Terre Haute, 6S*ni. from lutliaiiapolis. WoiiKsoNvn.LF.. p. v.. H.irt county, A'y. .' on S. side of Green r.. SO m. S. W. Frankfort. Wood's Station, p. o.. Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. Mille.igeville. WooDSTonc, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cin'ti.: 36 m. E.N. E. Hartford. The t. has a hilly surface. Drained by several streams, of which ,Mu>ldy brook affortls water- power. It contains 3 villages, each pleasant and flourish- ing, and having some manufactures. Woodstock v., in S. E. part of t.. has an elevated site, and is neatly built, pop. of L in lS4fi, 3.053 ; in ls5'i, 4.636. Wooi>STorK. p. v., Oherok'i-e county, Ga. : on branch of Etowah r., lOS m. N. W. Millcrlgeville. Woodstock, p. v.. and cap. M'Henry co,. Ill,: 137 m. N. N. E. Springfield. It is situated in a pleasant grove, near a small brook, nnunty, Ahi.: 5S m. N. Montgomery. The Memphis and Charles- ton It. R. will puss near it. WooDviLLE, p. v., LitchQeld county, Cul $2.5UO,000. Tlii*re arc five banks, wilh aggregate cap. of .$1.00(1,000. and 2 instituUnns for savings. The aggregate werillh of Worcester is very great, show- ing an unusually large average amount per head. The general increase of the city in wealth during the last 20 years has also been very rapid, hardly surpassed in New England. The following table exhibits the valuation of properly in various years, from ISOO to 1S52, inclusive: .$4,2SS.Et50 . G, 004. 050 . 7.116.700 . 7,690,S50 In 1S49, the number of persons whose property amounted to $30,000 and upward, was 91 ; and 99 persons were assessed for $10,000 and upward, but below $20,0i)0. The sellloinent of Worcester was commenced in 1675, but owing to the Indian border warfare, was not made perman- ent until 1713. In ITIS, it contained " 53 humble dwelling houses." In 1705, its citizens instructed their representatives to join in no measure countenancing the " Stamp Act ;" and Boon again manifested their patriotic spirit by prompt action upon many matters of national concern. During the revo- lutionary struggle it sustained a most honorable part. Its career of prosperity during the last thirty years is the natural result of the intelligent enterprise of its citizens. They have ever been among the foremost in the Slate, in contributing to the construction of works of internal im- proveuientT in building up home manufactures, and in the promotion of agriculture ; and they are now receiving their just reward. The city was incorporated in 1S43. Its government is vested in a mayor, S aldermen, and common council of 24 members (being cooiposed of 3 members from each of the S wards). The appropriation of city expenses in 1S51, was $75,500 ; in 1S52, $S5,700. The population at different periods has been as follows: Yenr. Pop. Year. Pop. Year. Pop. Year. Pop. 1765.. ..1,478 ISOO.. ..2,411 1330. . 4,173 1547. .15,643 1776.. ..1.925 1810.. ..2,.'J77 1840. . 7,497 1S.50. .17,049 1790.. . .2,095 1320.. ..2,962 1S45. .11,556 1853. .20,271 ■WoRCKSTEB, t and p. v., Otsego county, 2^. Y. : 50 m. W. Albany. Surface of t. hilly. Drained by Charlotte r. and branches. The v. contains 2 churches, several stores and mills. Pop. of V. about 2iX> ; of t 2,047. Worcester, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : SO m. E. Harrisburg. Interests agricultural. Pop. about 1.400. Worcester, t and p. v., Washington co., Verm.: 7 m. N. Montpelier. Surface in part mountainous. Drained by N. branch of Onion r., which affords water-power, and on which the v. in its S. part is situate. Pop. of t. 702. Worth county. la. Situate N., and contains 432 sq. ra. Drained by English r. and Lime creek. Surface level or slightly undulating; soil fertile and adapted to the culture of wheat and grain. The N. is diversified with large lakes. Set off since 1S50. Wor.Tu, p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 1S7 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. WoRTU. p. 0., De Kalb county, Ala.: 140 ra. N. by E. Montgomery. WoETH, p. 0., Perry co., Ohio : 45 m. E. P. E. Columbus. Worth, t. and p. o., Tuscola county, Mich. : 77 m. N. E. Lansing. Pop. of t. 600. Worth, p. o.. Cook co., III. : 163 m. N. E. Springfield. Worth, p. o.. Marion co.. Ark. : on S. ei UM feet. It is navigable for boats and smatl vessels throughout the greater part of its course. Yakima river, Oreg. Ter. : rises in the Cascade Kange, flows S. 9. E. and E., and t-mpties into Columbia river, near the confluence of Lewis river. Yale, p. o., .Jasper cu., III.: S5 m. S. E. Springfield. Yallaburiia. county. Jfi.ss. Situate towanl the N.. and contains S9" sq. m. Yallabusha r. passes through the S. por- tion from E. to W., by which and its branches it is drained. Surface undulating and somewhat elevated ; soil a deep rich mi-dd, very fertile, and produces fine crops of grain an. : on Yan- tic river, and New London, Willirnanlic, an5. Yarmouth Port, p. v., Barnstable co., J/(/*a. ; on inlet of Cape Cod bay, 61 miles S. E. Boston. It contains 3 churches, several stores, and 1 bank, cap. $300,000. The " Yarmouth Regi.ner" (whig) is issued weekly, Yates county. N. Y. Situate W. centrally, ami contains 330 sq, m. Drained by Flint creek, West r.. Cnmked lake outlet, and Big and Rock streams, the two latter flowing into Seneca lake; much gt)od water-power is supplied in their courses. Surface diversified by hills and valleys, much of ii being greatly eluvaled : soil very fertile ; in S. portions a warm, clayey mold prevailing, and pnhhicli\ e in grain and fruits. It contains some good meadow land. Chief jiroductious, wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. Here are some minerals, and a valuable sulphur spring. A brine spring. lat«-ly found near Dundee, has proved productive, and yields a considerable revenue. Farms 1.G73: nianuf. 165; dwell. 3,7S4, and pop.— wh. 20.442, fr. col. 14S— total 2'»,r»90. CapitAil: Penn Van. I'ublic Work^i: Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. Yates, t and p, v., Orleans co., JV. }'. .• l$-3 ni, 'W. by N. Alliaiiy. Draini-d by Johnson's creek, flowing into Lake Ontario, wliich bounds it on the N. The; v. on -lohnsou'a cr. contains several mills and stores. Pop, of 1. 2,242. Yatesvili.e, p. o,. Yates co., y. Y. ; 232 m, W. Albany. Yatesville, p. o., Lunenburg co., Viri/. : Gl m. S. W. Richmond. Yatton, p. v., Washington co., lii. : 14 m. S. Iowa City. Yazoo county, j)//.w. Situate W. cenlrally. and contains 731 sq. m. Drained t)y Lril)utariea of Big Black and Yazoo rivers. Surface urnlulating; soil fertile, and well .adapted to grain. Chiif i)roductions, cotton and Indian com. Farms 464; manuf. 17; dwell. 935, and [t'>p, — wh. 4,069, fr. col.— , si. 10,349— total 14.418. Capital: Benton, Public Wurk^i : Mississippi Centra! R. K. Yazoo river, J/mw .■ is formed at "W. boundary of Carroll CO., by the confluence of Tailuhatchee and Yallabusha rivers, an tins place from Benton in 1S52. The court-houso is nn elegant stnic lure of brick. There are 5 churches, of which the Kpiacopul Society has a handsome edifice. The houses are chiefly built of wood, and are not characterized for their elegance The trade of the city is almo.st exchi.*;ivcly in colt<»n, of which from 75,000 to lOd.Oon bales are shipped aniHi;ilIy to New Orlcarts. There are 3 steam saw-milN, with no other manufacturing establishments. A plank-road extenund here; while on the river aro two grist-imlls and many shops which are operated by water-power. Yonkers has six churches— 1 Eoman Catholic, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, and 2 Presbyterian. There are also in the v. two academies for females, and one fir boys, and two public schools. The business of the place is extensive, it being a point of supply and deposit for a rich back country. It has an ample river front and several landings, which afford every fecility to steamboats and river craft ; and the Hudson Elver E. E., which passes through the t on the immediate bank of the river, secures frequent conimuniciilion with New York city, 14 or 16 passenger cars passing up and down during the day. Three steamboats ply daily on the Hudson between the two places. For the acoimmodation of visitors, there is a splendid hotel at the corner of Broadway and Mechanic YOR but border- Stre'l, fnmling on b..th, ami containing bc-twi-t-n 500 and 8U0 rocms. Altachfd lo tlie liolel is a flue hall, used for ex- hibitions, theatricals, lectures, etc, Tliire are other hotels and taverns in various i.arts. Broadway is the principal Beat of retail trade, and not a few of the stores ri\ at in as- sortment and elegance those of New Torlc city. On the same avenue stainls the market-house, which is well pr.j- Tidcd with suhstanlials and luxuries in their seasons. Tbe Croton .Aqueduct p:is8es through the v., and some of the streets are arched over for thiit purpose. Tonkers, indeed, lias all the charms of a fine and varied country, and at Iho same time all the accommo.lations "f a city ; and society at this place has many oriiauients.and isemlowed with all tlie advanUf'CS of wcallh, learning, and reflncment. Pop. arlly in the cod and mackerel fisheries. During the year previous, 2 vessels, 1 brig and 1 schooner, were built— 253 tons. Pol), of t 2,930. ToitK, p. v., Gibson CO., Intl. : 120 m. S. W. by S. Indian- apolis. The EvansvUle and Illinois U. P.. passes a little W. of this place. YoEK, p. v., Crawford co., //'. .• on W. side of Wabash river, 115 m. E. 8. E. Springfleld. It contains several stores and mills. Pop. about 500. York, t and p. o., Washtenaw co., MicJi. : 61 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by small creeks of Kaisin river. Popu- lation 1,.360. YoKK, t. and p. v., Livingston co., iV. 1'. ; 220 ni. W. Al- bany. Drained by branches of Genesee river, which forms its E. boundary, and along which the Genesee "Valley Canal passes. Pop. of t. 2,7S5. York, p. b., and cap. York Co., Pmn. : 21 m. S. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Lat. 390 sj' N., long. 70° 40' W. It is regu- larly laid out, with streets crossing eai'h other at right angles. It contains several liandsonie county buildings, built of brick and stone, and 13 churches. There are two banks, with aggregate caiiilal of |S20,000. It carries on extensive man- iifactu'res, and has cmisiderable trade. The York and Cum- berland R. E., from Ilarrisburg 25 m., here connects with the Baltimore and Susquehanna K. E. hence to Baltimore, 57 m.; and the Y'ork and Wrighuville Pv. P.. extends to Wrightsville, on Susquehanna r., connecting with Philadel- phia and Columbia E. E. Its newspajier press in 1850 con- sisteil of " Penn. Eepublicau" (whig), " People's Advocate" " Democratic Press," and the " Y'ork Gazette" (whig), print- ed both in the English and German languages; all issued weeklv. Pop. aliout 6,000. Y'oEk- river, York co., J/e. .■ in S. part of York t.. flowing E. into the Atlantic, which it enters by a broad month, af- fording for eight miles good harborage (or vessels of 200 tons. YoBK river, Viiv. : is formed at S. E. extremity of King William CO., by the confluence of Pamunkey and Matlapony rivers. It is about 30 in. long, and is navigable for large ves- sels. At Georgetown it is 1 ra. wide, aB'ording the best har- bor inVirginia. Below Georgetown its width increases grad- uallv until it enters Chesapeake bay, where it is 3 m. wide. YoEK Cestee, p. o., Du Page co.. III. .• 160 m. N. E. by N. Springfleld. YoEK Haven, p. v., York Co., Pfnri. : on S. W. bank of Susquehanna r., 12 ni. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Conewago cr. here enters the Susquehanna, and by its falls above affords good water-power. The York and Cumberland r.ailroad pas-ses through the place. Y'oEK NoETU KiDOE, p. 0., Saudusky co., Ohio : 94 m. N. Columbus. Yorkshire, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 2.50 m. W. Albany. Drained by Cattaraugus creek and branches. Surface of t. level ; soil fertile. The v., situate on S. side of Cattaraugus cr., conUins a church and several stores. Pop. of t. 2,010. York South P.idge, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 92 m. N. Columbus. York SiiPinjE SpRtxGS, p. v., Adams co., Pmn. : 20 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. These springs possess valuable medi- cinal properties, and are of much resort in summer Drom Pliiladelphia and Baltimore. YoEKTOw.-j, p. v. and sla., Delaware CO., Ind.: on Iho Indianapolis and Bellefonlainc K. P.., 43 m. N. E. flrom Indianapolis. The West fork of White r. flows near the T. and rccctves Buck cr.. each of which afford water-power, improved by large mills. Pop. about 800. YoEKiowN, L and p. o., West Chester CO., JV. T. : 94 m. 95S TOR TUB 8. Albany. Drained by Croton i'. and branches, from which, by means of a dam, 250 fiiel long, and 40 fyc-t high, istbrnied Croton Pond, which supplies New York city wiih water. Pop. of t. 2,273. YoRKTowN, p. o., Biyeau co., lU. : 120 ra. N. Springfield. YoKKTowN, p. v., De Witt county, Tex. : 84 m. S. by E. Aastin City. YoiiKTOwN, p. v., port of entry, and cap. York co., Virg. : on S. side of York river. 55 niilt-s E. S. E. Kichmond. Lat. 37^ 13' N. ; long. 76^ 34' W. It contains the county buildings and several stores. The tonnage of Yorktown district on June 30th, 1S50, was 4.S0T tons, all nf which was employed in the coasting trade. Yessels built during the year preceding, 2, schooners — 61 tons. Yorktown was in- corponited in 1705. Among its buildings are some of the oldest in Virginia. It is ever memonible in American history, as the place where Lord Comwallis surrendered to the American forces. October 19lh, 1781, which glorious event was the means of terminating the Revolutionary War. YoRKviLLE, p. v., Pickens co., Ala. : 134 m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. YoKKviLLE, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind.: 70 m. S. E. Indianapolis. YoKKVii-LE, p. v., Kalamazoo county, Mich. : 50 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. YoBKViLLF. p. v., and cap. York dist., S. Car. : on branch of Broad r., C3 m. N. by W. Columbia. It contains the county buildings, an academy.and 3 churches. The King's Mountain K. E. extends hence to Chester, 22 miles. The *' Y. Miscellany" (democrat) is issued weekly. Population about S50. YoRKviLLE. p. v., Gibson county, Te7m. : on a branch of Obion r., 1-23 m. W. Nashville. YoKKViLLE, t. jukI p. V., Eacinc CO., Wise. : 7S m. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Des Plaines r. Surface undulating ; soil fertile. The v. Is pleasantly situated and neatly builL Pop. of t. 998. Yoi'.Kvii.LE, p. v.. New York co., y. Y. : on the ITarlem E. E., 5 m. N. N. E. City Hall, New York. Thig flourish- ing suburb, properly a part of Jhe city, is on the 3d and 4tli avenues, between S'lth and lOUth streets. In common with al! other parts of New York island, the increase of the pop- ulation, and the erection of new buildings are rapidly Advancing. It contains several churches, and numerous manufactures. It is in the 12lh ward of the city. YoL'Gii Glades, p. o., Alleghany co., J/(/. ; on N. side of Beep cr., near its junction with Youghiogheny r., 151 m. W. by N. Annapolis. Youghiogheny river, Md. and Penri. : is formed in the TV. part of Alleghany co., Md., by the confluence of several creeks, flows N. and N. W., and empties into Monongaheta river, IS m. S. E. Pittsburg. It is navigable to the Ohio- pyle Falls, 30 m. from its mouth, where it has a perpendicular descent of 20 feet, which in high water presents a very in- teresting appearance. Young, p. o., M'Donougb county, III. : 86 miles N. W. Springflfld. Young Cane, p. o., Union county, Ga. : 142 m. N. N. W. Milled gevi lie. Younger's, p. 0., Boone county, Mo. : 33 m. N. Jeflerson City. Young nioKOP-T, p. o.. Will county. III. : 143 m. N. E. Springfield. Young IIickoey, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 54 m. E. Columbus. Young Hickokt, p. o., Washington county, Wise : 68 m. E. N. E. Madison. Yocng'b Cross Koads, p. o., Granville co., A^. Car. : 5S m. N. Raleigh. Young's Point, p. o., Madison parish, La. : 125 m. N. Baton Eouge. Young's Settlement, p. c, Bastrop county, Tex. : 29 m. E. 8. E. Austin City. 954 Young's Store, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car.: 72 m. N. W. by W. Culumbia. YouNGSTowN. p. V. and port of delivery, Niagara county, A'. )'. ; on E. side of Niagara r., near its enlrance into Lake Ontario, 276 m. W. by N. Albany. It is a laiidiiig-place for passengers to and from the lakes, and communication is had Willi Newark v., Canada, by means of a fL-rrv fur some time established here. It is a place of much historical interest as connected with the late war with the British. In the vicinity is Fort Niagara, celebrated in the French war; and opposite, in Canada, is Fort George. Population about 550. YouNGBTowN, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 138 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Mahoning river and branches. Surface oft. nearly level; soil fertile. The v. is situate on the N. side of the r., on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, and has considerable trade. Pop. of t. 3,002. YouNGSTowN, p. b., Westmi>reland co., Penn.: between head branches of Loyalhanna r., 127 m. W. Harrisburg. It is pleasantly situated, and contains several stores, mills, etc. Pop. about 600. YouNGsviLLE, p. v., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 43 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. YouNGSViLLE, p. o., SuUivan co., A^. K ; 84 m. S. W. Albany. YouNGSviLLE, p. V., Warrcu county, Penn. : on Broken Straw cr., about 3 m. from its mouth, 167 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. It lies in the midst of a fcriile and highly cul- tivated country, and is on the line of the pn'jecled Sunbury and Erie E. E. The ' Youngsville Express" (independent) is issued weekly. Pop. about 400. Youngsville, p. o., Adams county, OJiio : 85 m. S. by W. Columbus. ' Young Womanstown, p. v., Clinton co., Penn. : on N. side of W. branch of Susquehanna r., 85 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg. YouNTSviLLE, p. v., Montgomery county, Ind.: 45 m. W. N. W. Indianajiolis. Ypsilanti, t., p. v., and sta., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 60 ra. S. E. Lansing. Tho v. is pleasantly situated on both sides of Huron r., which here affords excellent water-power, im- proveil by numerous mills and manufactories. In 1S50, it contained 4 flouring-mills, the value of the annual product of which was $165,000 ; and 2 saw-mills, with annual product of .111,878. The v. also contains a Slate normal school, a branch of tho State university, and 5 churches. The Michigan Central E. E. passes through, 30 m. from Detroit, 243 m. from Chicago. The "Y. Chronicle" (whig) and "Y. Senliner are issued weekly. Pop. of v. about 2,000; of t. 3,1)52. YuABor Juab county, Vlah. Lies between Tooele and Millard counties, and extends from San Pete co. to the California line. It is chiefly a barren wilderness, crossed by mountain ranges, with some fertile spots near the water courses. There are several small lakes in the co. which receive the streams, but have no outlets, Nicollet r. and lake are the largest. Yuab was formerly a part of San Pete CO. Capital: Nephi City. Yuba, p. o., Hancock county, III.: 90 m. W. N. W, Springfield. YuHA river, Calif.: is formed in Yuba co. by the con- fluence of three head furks, and flows W. S. W. to its entrance m\f> Feallu-r r. The gold diggings on Yuba r. and its branches have been among the most profitable in the State. Yuba City, p. v., Sutter county, Calif. : on W. bank of Feather r., opposite mouth of Yuba r., 96 m. N. N. E. Yallejo. Yuba county, Calif. In the country on Yuba river. Drained by Bear river, Dry creek, Yuba river, on which are the principal mining npcrations, Indiana creek. CIark*s run. Deer creek, Middle Yuba, Caflon creek, Slate creek, etc., on all of which gold is found in abundance. Many of these ZAB ZOL streams have ti>'<'ii iiirru'il by canalliiiij. Tho liiglie?l peak of thy nu»uiil;iiiis — Oreiron Hill, risi-s 2,800 feet high. Farm lan-is luuler ciillivaiii>ii in 1S52, T,tiitS acres. The county contains IS ssiw-mills, proilm-ing; annnaliy 9.050,000 foet tinil)er, and one flunr-tniil. Cai>ilal em- ployed in quartz mining $12 1.400, in placer mining $710,900. in river mining $1.0S7,150, and in merchandise and trade :M.93y,0oO. Whi-le capital, exclusive »if real estate, $4,.'J7o,500. Pop. in 18.V2. 22.005: viz., whites 17,299— males 16.066, and females 6^55 ; negrt)e3 194 — males 1S2, and females 12 ; nmhttloea, 45 males; domesticated Indians 120; foreign residents 3.055— males 2,S09, and females 24G; Chinamen 2,100. Over 21 years of age— citizens 15.245, negroes 170, nuilattoea 45, Indians 102, foreign residents 2,S46. The principal towns and settlemt-nls are—Marysville, pop. 4.50it; OusIe\'s Bar, pop. :39o; Ki-nnebec. pop. 120; Long's Bar, pop. 450; Park's Bar, etc. Nevada county lias been taken fn:)m Yuba. Capital: Marysville. Public Works: Benecia and Marysville K, R. (jirojected). ZABP.iSKt. p. v.. De "Witt CO., ///. .- 47 m. N. E. Spring- field. Tlie Illinois Central R. R. will pass through it. Zachaky, p. o,, Marshall county, Ala^: on N. W. side of Tennessee r., 146 m. N. Monlgomerj'. Zaokville, p. v., Wirt co., Virg. : 232 m. W. N. W. of EiehmomJ* Zanesfielp, p. v., Logan co., Ohio : 4;3 m. N. W. by "W. Columbus. Laid out on October 11th, 1S19. Population about 250. Zanesville, p. v., Montgomery county, HI. : 32 m. S. of Springtield. ZA^'E5^^I.LE, p. v., and cap. Muskingum co., Ohio : on E. bank of Muskiuirum r., oppnsite the mouth of Licking r, 5t m. E. Columbus. This flourishing v. has experienced a rapid growth, and is one of the most thriving places iu the Stale. The Muskingum r. in passing the t. has a natural descent of 9 feel in IJ miles, which, by means of a dam. is increased to 16 feet, thus affording efficient water-power. The manulactories improving this great privilege are of all kinds, and many of them are extensive. The number of factorit-s using steam-power is also large, arising mainly from the abundance of bituminous coal supplied from the surrounding hills. The Muskingum has been made navi- gable for steamboats to Pri'sden, 15 miles above, where a navigable side-cut. 2| m. long, connects with the Ohio Canal, thus affording to Zanesville the advantages of direct con- nection wiih the great canals of the Stale. Steamboats ply regularly from this place t() Pittsburg and Cincinnati. The lines of railroad passing through Zanesville are, Central Ohio R. R., now completed from Columbus to this village, 59 m., and in construction to Wheeling; Cincinnati, AVil- mington. and Zani-svilk- R, l;.,125 m.. in con^ilruction ; and the Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati R. R., f<.irmer!y Akron Branch R. R., which will be completed in ls,'>4. The village contains very handsome county buildings, 3 hanks, and 14 churches. The general interests of education are well provided for in excellent public sehofils and munerous private academies. Among the former are 2 high schools, one for males and one for females, which are of high repute, and among the latter is an academy liberally established and endowed by the late John M'Intire, the founder of Zanesville. The citizens have an enviable reputation for general intelligence, as well as f<>r business enterprise. A popular Athemeum, having a library of 10,000 volumes, with reading-room, etc., and annual lectures, is well sustained. The newspapers here published in 1^50 were, "Zanesville Courier" (whis), issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly edi- tions. "Z. Gazi-lte" (neut.), and "Z. .\urora" («lem.). each issued weekly: " Clarion of Freedom" (free soil). "Western Recorder" (Melh.), "Family Quarto" (Presby.); besides which, the " Annual Rfgister" is a regular publication. The V. is abundantly supplieil with water, which is raised from the Muskingum by a powerful fon-ing-puinp. into a reservoir on a hill 160 feet high, and containing 750,000 gallons, anuted thrnngh the vilhige in iron pipes. Bridges connect the v. with Putnam, South Zanes- ville. and West Zanesville, which are intimately connected Willi the business interests of Zanesville. Pop. of v. in 1S40, 4.7G6; in 1S50, 7.791. Zavalla, p. v., Jasper co., Tex,: on E. side of AngeHna river, 220 m. E. by N. Austin City. Zebulon, p. v., and caj). Pike co., A rl: : 90 m. W. S. W. Little Rock. It contains the eoxmty buildings and several stores. Pop. about 150. Zebulon, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ga. : 6S m. W. Mil- ledgeville. It contains the county buildings.3 churches, au academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 300. Zelienople, p. v.. Butler co., /'i-nn.: on S. side of Cone- qiiennessiiig cr.. 164 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. It is a pleas- ant v., containing several mills and stores. Pop. about 300. Zk.nas. p. v., Jennimrs county, /mi.: on Vernon fork of Drijsilla r., 55 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Zf..vo, p. o., York dist., iS. Oir\: 66 m. N. Columbia. Zi>LMEKMAN, p. o., Gfeeno CO., Ohio: 52 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. Zn>N. p. v.. Centre co., Penn.: 65 m. N. W. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a liot-blasl charcoal furnace, with annua! capacity of 1,400 tons; also a rolling-mill making plate and sheet iron, employing 16 men. Zios, p. o., Iredell county, N, Car. : 120 miles W. by N. Raleigh. ZioN. p. 0., Cecil CO., Md. : 52 m. N. E. AnnapolLs. ZioN, p. 0., Grant co., Intf. : 55 ra. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Ziox Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Teiin.: 108 m. S. E. Na.shville. ZioN Semtnaf.t, p. o.. Covington co., Mi.fs. : on E. side of Bowie cr., 65 m. S. E. Jackson. ZioNsviLLE, p. o., Lehigh co., Peiin. : 70 m. E. N. E. of Harrisburg. ZoAR. p. o., Erie co., N. T. : 267 m. W. Albany. ZoAR. p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on E. bank of Tusca- rawas r., 90 m. E. N. E. Colnnibns. Settled by a German communist colony, called Separatists, underthe government of a patriarch. Their farms and gardens are well cultivated, and the general appearance of the village betokens indus- try and virtue. Pop. 249. ZoAit Bridge, p. v., New Haven co., CoJin. : 46 m. S. S.W. Hartford. ZoLLEitsviLLE, p. o.j Washington co., Perm. : 166 m. W. Harrisburg. 955 APPENDIX TO FISHER'S STATISTICAL GAZETTEER. RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1853. Alabama : Alabama and Florida Alabama and Mississippi Alabama and Tenru-ssce Iliver Cnlumbus and Opp.lika Fort Gaines and Penaacola Girard and Mnliile Memphis and Charleston Mobile and Ohio Monlsromery and West Point Nashville and Florence Kome and Jacksonville "Winchester and Alabama Arkansas: Helena and Little Rock Little Rock and Texas Little Rock and Fort Smith White River Valley California : Benicia and Marysville Oro City and Bear River Pacific and Atlantic CoNNEf"ricuT: Collinsville Branch Danbury and Norwalk Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill . Housatfmic WiiidK-town Branch Naugatiu-k New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield New Haven and Northampton. . . Now Haven and New Lorulun . . N. London, Willimantic, and Palmer New York and Boston ( air line) New York ami New Haven Norwich and Worcester Plainfield New London and Stonington Delaware: Delaware Central Newcastle and Frenchtown Newcastle ami Wilmington Philad., Wilmington, and Baltimore. Florida: Atlantic and Gulf Central Brunswick and Florida St. Joseph's St. Mark's and Penaacola Georgia: Athens Branch Brunswick and Florida Burke County Butler Branch of South-western Central Eatonton East Tennessee and Georgia Georgia La Grange Macon and Western Miiledgeville and Gordon Muscogee Kome Kome and Jacksonville Savannah and Albany Souih-western Warrenton Branch Western and Atlantic Wilkes County Illinois : Alton. Mount Carmel,and N. Albany Aurora Branch 956 Cfitn- pleied. Pro- gress 'g. 21 21 191 i:i 59 101 17 50 20 50 4 140 143 80 129 50 28 59 Lerigtb 164 118 1S2 30 73 227 2"4 S3 8S 19 42 21 112 158 12T 116 11 24 146 74 10 57 62 56 50 66 78 76 66 33 10 43 16 6 22 126 28 26 40 164 51 21 191 20 171 87 101 17 50 20 42 203 1119 4 140 18 182 13 Illinois — Continued : Aurora Extension Belle\'illc and Ulinoistown Beloit Branch Central Hlinois C!entral Military Tract Chicago and Milwaukie Ch icago and M issis^ippi Chicago and Rock Island Chicago and Savannah Junction.. Fox River Valley Galena and Chicago Union Great Western Central I!lin"i3 anetrnit, Monroe, and Toledo 85 Baltimore and Ohio Baltimore and Susquehanna Cumberland Coal Company's 10 Mississippi : Mississippi Central Mobile and Ohio New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlhern Nrw Orleans and Nashville 2fiO 273 Frederick Branch 100 Metropolitan 231) 7 23 60 Newcastle and Frenchtown Philadel.. Wilmington, and Baltimore Washinglon Branch St. Francis and Woodville Vieksburij, Jackson, and lirandon . . MiRSouBi: MABSAriuiSETTS : Hannibal and 8U Joseph's 210 70 260 230 Amherst and Belchertown Lexington and Daviess County Boston. Barro. anurff 37 ('inciiiiiali A\'r9lern ' Cuicinnaii.'Wilniinjrion. tt Zanesvill Cleveland and Mahiinint: Cleveland. Medina, and Tuscarawas Cleveland. Paimsville, & Ashtatuila 71 Cleveland. Zanesville. and Cincinnati 28 Cleveland and Pittsburg 100 Ciint'in Line Ciiliiniliiis and Lake Erie 60 ColnniLiiis and Parkersburg. Ciilunibns ami Xenia 55 Colurnbus, Piqiia. and Indiana.. Daylon and Mi<'Iiisan Daylon and Western Dayton and Rpringfield Dayton and Xenia Krie and Kalamazoo Findlay Branch Franklin and Warren Greenville and .Miami 87 Hamilton and Kalon 44 Hanover Branch 13 Iron 13 Junction Little Miami 84 Mad I'.iver and Lake Erie 184 Man,sHeld an Kames of Compaoiea. Chicago to Galena, Whitewater, & Dixon Cliicngo and -Jamt'sville IjUtTalM and Canada Junction Tel. Co. N. York and New Orleans, by Cliarieston Harper's Ferry to "Wineliesler, Virg. . Balliniore to Cumberland lialliinore to Harrisburg York and Lancaster Philadelphia and Lewistown, Dei Philadelphia and New Y'ork Philadelphia and Pitlsburg Philadelphia and Pottsyille Reading and Harrisburg Troy and Whitehall Auburn and Elmira Pitlslmrg and Cincinnati Columbus and Portsmouth, Ohio Columbia and New Orleans New Orleans to Balize Cincinnati and Maysville, Ky Alton and Galena St. Louis and Independence St. Louis and Chicago Newark and Zanesville Mansfield and Sandusky Columbus and Lancaster, Ohio Lancaster and Logan Cincinnati to Dayton Zanesville and Marietta Dunkirk, New Y'ork. and Pittsburg Camden and Cape Mav, N. .Ter Camden and Miuiiit Holly, N. Jer. New Y'ork and Sandy Hook Cleveland and N. Orleans, by Cincinnati 810 mo ^Oil 1,966 32 824 72 22 12 120 80il 9S 51 72 75 310 90 633 90 60 880 25 330 40 40 80 20 100 66 200 100 25 80 1,200 Toul nilesof 89 16,735 23,281 810 100 200 1,966 32 824 72 22 12 720 809 93 61 72 75 620 90 633 90 60 BSD 25 830 40 40 80 26 100 66 200 100 25 80 1,200 CANALS OF THE UNITED STATES. Names of Canals. LengtU in Miles. Maine: Cumberland and O.xford 20.5 Songo liiver Improvement.... 30.5 Nkw Hampshire: Bow Falls 75 Hookset Falls 13 Amoskeag Falls 1. Sewell's Falls 25. Union Falls 9. Middlesex — Vermont : While River Falls 5 Bellow's Falls 16 Waterquechy 4 Massachusetts : Middlesex 27. Pawtucket 1-6 Elackgtone 45. Hampshire and Hampden 22. Montague Fails 3. South llatiley Falls 2. Enoi>E Island: Blackstone — Connecticut: Farmington (filled in) 56. Enfl.-ld FaUs 5.5 Nkw y obk : Erie 8f>4. Charaplain Junctinn 64. Waterford Junction 2. Oswego 33. Cayuga and Seneca 21. Crooked Lake ^^ Chemung 39. Chemung Feeder 16. Chenango 97 Genesee Valley IOS.5 Danville Branch 11- Black River 77.5 Feeder 10. Delaware and Hudson 83. Harlem (ni)t used) 8. Crolon Aqueduct 40.5 960 ui Crt) t-ih . Miles. 8. Oneida New .Tersev : Delaware and Raritan 42. Morris 101.7 Salem 4. Pennsylvania : Delaware Division 59.7 Eastern do 44.5 Susquehanna do. " 39. Juniata 127.5 West Branch 75. North Braneh 73. Western Division inS. Franklin 22. Erie and Beaver 136. French Creek Feeder 27. Lackawaxen 23. Bald Eagle 25. Susquehanna, or Tide Water . 45. Conestoga 18. Codorus 11« ITnion 82. S(dinylliil! 108. Lehiirh Navigation 47 DELAWAr.F,: Chesapeake and Delaware ... 14. Maryland : Chesapeake and Ohio 134. Chesapeake and Delaware .... — District of Columiua : Chesapeake and Ohio — Virginia : Alexandria 7.2 James River and Kanawha ..14S. Dismal Swamp 23. Branches H. NoKTH Carolina: Weldnn 12. Club Fort and llarlow 1.5 Dism:d Swamp — South Carolina: Santee 22. Wiuyaw 7.5 Nftmes of Cacala. Length ia Mile^ Saluda 6.2 Drehr'8 1.3 Lnrick 1. Lockhart's 2.7 Waleree 4. Calawaba 7.8 Gkorgia : Savannah and Ogeechee 16. Brunswick 12. Alabama : Muscle Shoal 85.7 HuntsviHe 16. Louisiana : Orleans Bank 4.3 Cana! Caroudelet 2. Barat.-iria 85. Lake Veret 8. Kentucky : Kentucky River Navigation . .100. Licking - do. .. 94. Green do. ..190. Barren do. ..100. Louisville and Portland 2.5 Illinois: Illinois and Michigan 113. Indiana ; Wabash and Erie 458.7 Whitewater — Ohio: Ohio and Erie 807. Zanesville Branch 14. Columbus do 10. Lancaster do 9. llncking Valley 56. Walhonding Branch 26. Eastport, do 4. Dresden do 2. Miami and Branches 87.7 Miami Extension and do 189. Wabash and Erie — Muskingum Improvement 91. Sandy and Beaver, Mahoning. 86, J. H. COLTON'S GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL WORKS. Office, No. 86 Cedar Street, New York. Tlio general accuracy and exactness of [he works published from this long-estalilistied house lias been fully apDrociait'i by the learned and intelligent of ail parLt of the world ; and it is with pleasure that the publisher can refer to this fact, ih solicitinrj a continuance of the public favor. U has ever been his care to procure the earliest aniiB witii Uiat authenticity which has gained for him the confidence and approhalion of all persons interested in geographical aud statistical inqui- ries. His efTorls in the same direction are unremitted, and by frequent revisions and the issue of new works, the public may rely upon receiving, in an authentic form, every new geographical and statistical fact at the earliest period. The foUowiog works from his Catalogue for 1353 (which may be had on application), are worthy of special notice: Siinttnttil 3Jiii|is. CALIFORNIA GOVEBNMENT MAP, TO l.y 59 inches. WORLD, t^"i M by 3li inches. MEXICO, 42 by :32 indies. 1 Also, mounted Maps of PALESTINE, in tioo sizes, viz. ; TE^, etc., 82 by 25 inches; and a irrcat \arie(y of local Maps, OF THB Presidents, etc. COLTON'S AMERICAN ATLAS, $12 50 and $15. COLTON'S ATLAS OF THE WORLD, $15 and »1S. f II i Ji r - S n u I; s , €\i. Guide-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., «iih a large Map. Route-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., with a large Map. Guide-Book through New England and the Middle States, with a new Map. Western Tourist and Emigrant's Guide, 'vith a township Maj). Overland Guide to California and Oregon, by Horn, with a Map. Isthmus of Panama Guide, " iih (''■«'? .Maps, by Dr. E. L. Autenrieth. Western Portraiture, « nh a township Map. by D. S. Curliss. Progress of th» United States, by Br. Visher. (t'rnurliiiij ,H!ii|i3 in |^Driaiilr .furiii. NEW YORK, in townships, 60 by 50 inches. INDIANA, ill sections, of two sizes, viz. : 60 by 48 inches, and 43 by 32 inches. ILLINOIS, in .'•ections, 4-3 by 33 inches. MICHIGAN, in sections, 35 by 25 inches, TOWNSHIP MAPS, of the States severally, a cnitorm SERIES, size of each 32 by 29 inches, now in progress, asd of which the lullowing are completed : Mai.ne. N. Hamv., Ouio, Vkbmont, Conn., "^'lsconsin. Mass., Eiiode Island, Missooki. New YoltK, Iowa, YiEG., Mn.. Del., etc., etc. NEW ENGLAND, in townships, on steel and embellished 64 by 60 inches. SOUTHERN STATES, size. 80 by 60 inches (in progress). WESTERN STATES, in towns, ii by 36 inches. SO by 62 inches, and 43 by 32 inches ; Egypt, Arabia Pb- AI^o, the Stream of Time, an historical chart ; PonTRATTS UNITED STATES, in several sizes. NEW YORK, in i«c. sizes. MAINE, NEW BRUNSWICK, etc. NEW HAMPSHIRE and VERMONT. MASS., RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT. VIRGINIA, DELAWARE, ar,.l MARYLAND. WESTERN STATES, > iz : "hi,.. Indiana, etc. OHIO, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN. ILLINOIS, IOWA, INDIANA. NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA. MISSOURI, TEXAS, GEORGLi. NEW YORK VICINITY, LONG ISLAND. X. B. All of the above Maps arc complete in regard of railroads, canals, etc., up to the date which apjiears in the llljc, and ill all respects are much more correct and detailed than any others hilherlo published. Besides hh own puhlicalions.J. II. C. has constantly on hand an asfortmcnf of American and foreign Atluscx. Maps. Globes, and other geographical ivorls. "R 2A IG^; ■