Class F\lS. Book -G:>79 GoKiighl N" coRfRiGirr DEPOsrr. THE • Dream- OF "Ellen N" r^/ 7 AN ILLUSTRATED DKSCRIPTIVE AND HISTORIC NARRATIVE • OF • Southern Travels. ISSUED fXDER THE AISPICF.S OF THE LOUISVILLE ■ AND • NASII\ILLE • RAILROAD PASSEXC.ER ■ DEPARTMEXT, LOUISVILLE, KY. PUBLISHED 1!V JOHN F. C. MLl LLEN, CINCINNATI, U. 3 A. ■l6 15 18&6 I', Entered according to Act of Congrkss, in the Vkar 1SS6, 1 JOHN F. C. MULLEN, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washingtc All Ri gills Reserved. rUHI.lSIIHR'S NOTICE. JN' presenting this book to the public the publisher desires to sax- a few words He wishes to call attention to its many excellencies, and the original ideas ,n its'stvle "get-up" and contents. As can be seen, the publication of a volume as complete as " The Dream of Ellen N." involves an immense amount of labor. Yet labor pains or expense have not been spared to make it a success, and the publisher believes that It wll be accorded without question the first place among railroad books of its kind Well-known a.ui skillful artists have been employed to make the illustrations, and the work m this respect is as fine as anything that has ever been .seen in the countrx- No finer or more artistic engravings will be found in the "Centurv" or the " Haqjer's " M are famous the world over for the beauty and truthfulness of their illustrations The names of the artists, which are given elsewhere, will be recognized at once while of course their pidlures .speak for them. And not only have the arti.sts been men of rare abdity, but the>- have been seconded in their work b>- the engravers, better than whom there are none in America. The literary features of the volume are not to be forgotten. It is no n,ere guide- book, but a most readable history of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and its m-,„y branches. The travels, who reads it has presented to him a truthful picflure of the ground he :s passing over, of the cities he vis.ts, and of the people and their various pursuits. And on the line of the L. & X. are many fan.ous and historic places which are fully described, and the tourist is told in an interesting wav of what is to be seen nnd the way to see it. Special attention has been paid to .schools, colleges and educa- tional „i.stitutions, which are situated in great numbers along the line of the road, and the many watering places and "resorts" are mentioned at length. lint -The Dream of Ellex N." speaks for itself It h like good wine in that It needs no bush, and words of introduction are unnecessarv. In conclusion however the publisher would like to call the attention of railroad corporations to the benefits resulting to themselves from such publications, and to state that he has special facilities for publishing books of this kind. He is ready to do the work on short notice and IS at all times prepared to furnish estimates and designs. He has an organized corps of artists and engravers, whose experience in this particular line is most valuable. brexcelTed" "' '"'"''''" '" '""'''"•^ ' '-"d.some volume typographically can not Railroads thinking of issuing such a publication are respectfulK- asked to con. mnuicate with JOHN- F. C. MULLEX, P.bllsher. JOH.N F. C. MCLLEN, sviUe & Naslivine Ticket Offic Cl>)ClN.N*Ti,OHIO. i.isr ()i- iLi.rsiKArioxs. SUBJECT. AKTISTS. ENGRAVERS. Louisville & Nashville Passenger Station Robert McFee Mi l\e & Co. Along the Short Line T. C. Lindsay Mclue & Co. Bellewooil Seminary. Paii. joNFs . . Mi I'ec & Co. Crab Orchard Pali. Jonks M Fee & Co. Hamilton Female College Albert E. Evans Vi Fee & Co. .Agricultural and Mechanical College Albert E. Evans MiFee & Co. Home School for Young Ladies \'. Xowotnv ViFee i^ Co. Ik-thel College .Albert E. Evans 1/ I!. Hall. Dunbar Cave Pali. Jones UcFci- iSf Co. Evergreen Lodge Pal'l Jones Mc Fee & Co. Clarksville Tobacco E.xchange M. IS. Hali V. li. Hall Louisville Hotel \lhkrt E. Evans McFie & Co. The Home of " Ellen N." Pail Jones Mi- Fee & Co. .Mammoth Cave Paul Jones VrFee & Co. Mellbrough's Hill T. C. Lindsay MiFee & Co. (Igden College. . Albert E. Evans Mi Fee d-' Co. .Southern Normal School and Business College. . . .\lbert E. Evans McFee i2f Co. Henderson Bridge V. Novvotnv McFee <2f Co. \V. F.. Ward's Seminary for Young Ladies \'. Nowotnv McFee i!f Co. Nashville .\liikk r E. Evans. .McFee & Co. Nashville by Moonlight Vlbert E. Evans McFee <2f Co. Vanderbilt University Robert McFee McFcc l-\vays tluTf flow two unceasing stream^ i>i mIikIc.-. and people between Cincinnati and its fair vounK sister city Newport. Hut we are fairly across llie Ohio and in the South, and not only in the South but in Kentucky, that blissful region of fair maidens and gallant men. And Newport has more than its pro])or- tion of beautiful girls and brave men, and it is noted for its blue blooded families and generous hospitality as uuich as the other Newport is famous for its summer cottages and gorgeous display. Newport, however, is very familiar, for every Cincinnatian visits there, and liea simply remarks on the extreme quiet of the place in contrast to the bustle across the river. "Look," she cried, "we're running right in the middle of the street, just as though we were in a carriage. ' And this is true, for the I,. tS: N. goes directly through the town in a masterful kind of wa\-. not skirting it and stealing through the slums and back yards as is often the case in railroad approaches. There is onlv a moment's stop at Newjx)rt, and then the train .starts on its piclurcsque run to Louisville over the " Short-line." Si.\ miles out is " Latonia" station, and the track and great airy buildings of the Latonia Race Course are within a stone's throw. Here it is that the famous Kentucky thoroughbred " Leonatus " ni.nde such a wonderful record, while nearl.\' all of the great horses of the country have shown their paces as the\- sped rounv'. and round the course. The races are great events and thej- are not only attended b\- the wealth and beautv of the three cities of Cincinnati, Covington and Newport, but half of Kentucky gathers to see them ; and the grand stand is a brilliant sight on a field-day. Talk about beautiful women! They are there by the hundreds, and they are not only fair of face, they are well built, graceful, and as the Kentuckian hor.se fancier said, bestowing prai.se with the most expressive smile of which he was capable, "they are more symmetrical than a thoroughbred." The track at Latonia has a most excellent reputation among sportsmen and it is considered one of the finest in the country. The first race meeting took place in June, 1885, and there was a larger continuous attend- ance, heaxier purses gi\-en away, and a greater number of thoroughbreds gathered together than was ever before known in the South or West, and this auspicious beginning has been of a piece with its succeeding history. Truthfully and beautifully has it been written : "Latonia — sweet .sounding in name, I'aradise of horsemen." Latonia has done a great deal, and is doing a great deal, to encourage the breeding of fine horses. It oilers that practical encouragement in the shape of financial rewards to the horseman who succeeds in developing the fleetest-footed steeds, and it might be remarked that Kentucky has ever been noted for its horseflesh. The early X'irginians, who settled the State, were lovers of racing, and they brought their horses with them. In course of time the breed was improved by the importation of animals from Pennsylvania, and the settlers began to discover that the water and soil of Kentucky brought out the best jwints of horses, and that in two or three generations of horses the swift became swifter and the clean-footed, long-necked, slim-built, became cleaner footed, longer necked and slimmer built. In fact they awoke to the fad that "blue grass" and lime water were making such horses as the world has never seen. And Kentucky is one of the great horse growing and horse using States of the I'nion. When the war broke out the most daring bands of horsemen came from there. It was there that Morgan organized his company of wild rangers, and it was Kentucky horses that tirelessly carried them over field and flood on their desperate expeditions. His men were Kentuckians trained to the saddle from youth, and their free and easv style of performing cavalry evolutions would have astonished a prime German or English officer. But they knew how to manage their horses and they did more execution in a .shorter space of time during the war than did any other body of men of the same size. At one time their mere approach threw the whole of the great city of Cincinnati into tunnoil, while by one fierce rally they spread terror and dismay through- out Southern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. But I am not writing war reminiscences. That must be left to the Century Magazine. I simpl.\- started to say something about Kentucky horses and strayed a little from the subject. The rank and file of these horses still, however, have occasionally a chance to distinguish them.selves in military ser\ices, for the English government buys hundreds of them annually for the army. At the time of the Arabi Bey rebellion in Egypt, the English also bought all the Kentucky mules in the Cincinnati market for use in the war. So it can be seen that the breeding of horses has been turned to great practical account. Thousands of dollars are invested in some of the blue grass stock farms and they are managed with the same percision and sy.stem as a mercantile business. While we are thus entering and passing through the "dark and bloody ground," as it was called in the old Indian days, a glance at its varied history may be interesting. A hundred years ago and more, all this region was known as Transylvania, and it was free from settlers of an>' kind. The red men had no pennanent villages here but simply roamed through the country on hunting expeditions. Occasionall\ white hunters came here, too, and they brought back reports of the beauty and fertility of the region. A -. !ii: these eariy comers was Dr. Thomas Walker, a Virginian, who in 1750 journeyed as far as where Lexing- ton uow> stands, and his diary still exists. As Shaler, in his history of Kentucky, says: "He seems to have been a remarkably intelligent explorer, for he noticed the easternmost out-crop of the Appalachian coal field, which so fir is probably the first mention of any fact of geological nature concerning any part of the Virginian nmuntains " These early wanderers were all enthusia.stic, and in 1774— June 10 is the exact date— the first deliberate attempt was made to form a pennanent settlement. Jr.mes Ilarrod, with forty companions an act to prevent profane ascertainina; clerks' ^"'»H. , p istnre) an act for sailed down the Ohio to a point near Louisville, and then strikinjj inland they penetrated to Central Ken- tuckv where they founded what is now the flourishing and historic town of Harrodsburg. Then came Boone and the brave pioneers who followed where he led. In 1775 a frontier congress was held at Boone's Station an 1 the following laws were passed : an act to establish courts of judicature and establish practice therein ; In act for reguHting the militia • an act for the punishment of criminals ; swearing and Sibbath breaking an act for writs of attachment an act for and sheriffs' fees an act for to preserve the ran?e preser\ing the breed of horses and a game act The reader can see th it e\ en m that remote day the lioise was dear to the Kentucky heai t But the faift that this woodland congress w as held and th it these laws were passed is all imp rt ml in showing the charadler of the men who had thus ventured into the wilderness to make homes for themselves and t carve out a St ite % UK SHORT-LINE— KENTUCKY BEACH FOU: It would be useless to repeat the story of the trials and adventures of these bold settlers. It is a bloody narrative, full of border heroism, of midnight attack and murderous reprisal, of snake-like cunning watched by unceasing watchfulness and brave endurance, of savage torture and death, and of final triumph for the whites. After the Revolutionary war the Indians were driven westward and northward and the pioneers w-cre left pra(5lically undisturbed. However, at the very beginning of the Revolutionary struggle, in 1776, tbe name of Transylvania was dropped and Kentucky County was officially separated from Fincastle County, Virginia, Harrodsburg being named as the seat of government. The growth of the territor},- was rapid, and in 1792 it was admitted into the Union. Says Shaler : "From the settlement of Harrodsburg in 1774, to the admis- sion of Kentucky into the Union, was seventeen years. In these crowded >ears, full of incessant battle with the wiUk-nass aiul its IciiaiUs. a struggle in which thoiisamls of brave iiRii fell, a Stale had hten created. For nearly one-half the time during which this great work was a doing, the parent colon.\- of \irginia was engagetl in a war that drained her energies to utter exhaustion. "There is no similar speclacle in histor_\- that is so curious a.s this swarming of men into the wilder- ness during the time when their mother country was engaged in a life and death struggle. \Vc can only cxjdain it through the intense land-hunger which marks the Saxon people. The thirst for land which we find so strongly developed in the Ivlizabelhian English, seems to have been transmitted to Virginia in an intenser fonn. Knowing that free lands were to he won by giving life for it, the X'irginia and North Carolina peo])le were driven to de.sert their comfortable dwelling places in the colonies for the battle in the West. There is no other case where this land-winning motive is so clearly seen as here. All our other western immigration has been fostered by the protection of the goveniment. These people could look to no protection but what they gave themselves." The history of Kentucky until the Civil War is a narrative of uninterrupted prosperity and .steady growth. It was marked by tile brilliant episode of the Mexican war, in which Kentucky soldiers i)articu- larly distinguished themselves. C.en. Zachary Taylor was a Kentuckian, and the glorious victory at Huena Visia was won almost entirely by the regiments from his native State. Of course the history of the Com- monwealth in the late "unpleasantness" is well known. At first Kentucky resolved to remain neutral and keep invaders from her soil. Uut this could not be and the policy of neutrality was abandoned. The Slate stuck by the I'nion, yet more than 40,000 of her brave sons marched away to fight for the Confederacy. A still greater number fought under the old flag, but in '65 their battles were over and they returned to their homes to live together in the delights of restored peace, confidence and well being. There was no fighting of the war over again when the Northeni and Southern veterans came home. Neighbors again became brothers and joined in the common cause of making the land blossom as the ro.se, and restoring the prosperitx- which reigned before the war. .Ml pa.ssenger trains on the "Short-line" make splendid time, and the rapid flight acro.ss a comer of Ken- tuckv is hugely enjoyable. I'or four or five miles the road runs near the banks of the yellow and turbulent Licking, that fierce little river which occasionally rises in its might and pours its swollen waters against the craft lying at the Cincinnati levee, working untold damage and destruction. But just now its muddy current looks peaceful enough, and as we rattle across it and plunge into the Kentucky hills we look back and catch our last glimpse of the great .smoke cloud — that banner of industrv— which forever hangs above the "Queen Cil.\ . " "That is the last of Cincinnati for many a long day," I observe, and then a sudden turn hides Ihe smokv cloud. The " vShort-line" cuts directly acro.ss the State, making the shorte.st possible route between Cincinnati and Louisville. Miich of the .scenery along the road is very fine. Now the train is eur\ing around a hill who.se sides are covered with long rows of tobacco plants, while a noble stretch of valley, rich with woodland and meadow, is to be seen from the car window ; then it is rumbling aver some high embankment or whizzing through a tunnel. Many are the glimpses of beautiful scenery along the road, and the traveler who passes over it in the spring time finds it a veritable path of flowers. All the hillsides are radiant with bloom while the trees are dressed in colors that might make the gorgeous bird of Paradi.se ruffle his feathers in envy. It was at this .sea.sou that our artist sketched the beautiful and restful scene, " Along the .Short-line," which is one of the handsomest engravings ever made in America. There are .some very pretty towns along the line which are centers of local trade and depots of agricultural products. Uut the ride is of truth "short" and almost before we were aware, we were .ipproaching Louisville. After leaving La ('.range, which is only twenty-seven miles from Louisville, and which is a nourishing place, sid)urban houses began to make their appearance. All this stretch of country is destined to grow, and eventu- allv it will be one long, continuous suburb from Louisville. As the city becomes more and more a manufactur- ing center, the desirability of living bejond the noise and smoke will increa.se, and as the suburbs follow the railroads it is highly probable that .soon this region will be well built up. All the indications point that way, and year by year the number of suburban residents grows greater. It is very likely that some day this countrv- along the " Short-line " will be as popular as that along the roads running out of Cincinnati. In that great and unexprcssibly dirty city the people have found it necessary to seek the countn,- with its freshness and purity, and as a consequence the suburiis of Cincinnati are larger than any others in .America. And people in Loui.sville are gradually moving out into the "open" in the same way. This region oflTers great advantages to the city resident. In the first place it is easily accessible, and then it is high and free from malarial influences. In summer it is always cooler than in the city, as the breeze has a chance to make itself felt. Of course it is a wonderfully good piace to bring u]) a family of boys, uniting, as it does, all the wholesome associations of country life with tlie advantages of the city, while at the same time being beyond its hanuful tendencies. Pewee \'alley is one of the prettiest of the suburbs, and it is the home of many Ix>uisville business men. Kentucky College is located here, and as a college town it h,%s additional interest in the eyes of the tourist ; then comes .Vnchor- age, which is known everywhere through the State, as the Insane Asylum is .situated here. The in.stitution can be .seen from the car windows, and Bea and I hardly knew w-hich to admire most, the tasteful building or the beautifully kept grounds. .\nchorage is a suburb of Ixjuisville and it is one of the loveliest and best known in the .South. Originally it was called by the unromantic and prosaic name of Hobbs Station, being called for a former President of the Louisville & Lexington R. R. Co. Il.s picturesque and attractive surroundings give il a peculiarly liome-like appearance ; and some A-ears since a member of Mr. Hobbs' family suggested a change of name, and that it be called /,(. Anchorage, as in description of its restful and peaceful surround- Vl/ '"S'' The idea was approved, and the station became known under its present mme. Many elegant, handsome homes h-i\e been eredled here, and it has been for many years a great educational center. Dr. H. B. McCoun. 1 distniguished scholar, founded Fore.st Home Academy, a mile east of the station, and in twenty years since Dr. Hill located Bellewood Seminary near the station. Anchorage is also the home of Bellewood Female Seminant', one of the best known educa- tional centers in the South -' and West. It is splendidly located in a grove of magnificent shade trees and all its environments are unsurpas.sed kii ii.ilural beauty and healthfulness. It is several hundred feet above the level of Louisville and malaria is unknown. In the immediate vicinity are man^- fine residences, the homes of wealthj- people doing business in the city, and who come here to escape its tunnoil and restles.sness in the pure air and quietude of the countr5'. And the purely educational features of the institution are all that could be wished. The course of study is thorough and complete, while the young ladies are also taught what are known as the "accomplish- ments," that is music, drawing, and the polite arts. Prof. R. C. Morrison is the Principal, Miss Pauline Breck is the lady Principal, Rev. K. W. Bedinger is Chaplain, and Col. Bennet A. Young, of Louisville, is Regent. After leaving Anchorage came another and lesser suburb, and a few minutes more than four hours after .starting, we rolled past the houses and fadlories which indicated a great cit}-, and the porter, gathering up the ladies' wraps, cried out " Loui.sville." Bea and I had left Cincinnati at 7:55 A. m. and we were in Louisville at 12:20 p. M. Had we been going directh' through we would ha\e taken the Pullman, but as we intended to stop over at Loui.sville we rode in the chair car. seats in which are furnished the patrons of the road without extra charge. Tourists who are going through direct, however, can take a Pullman Buffet vSleeper at Cincinnati and go without change to New Orleans ; or, they can take it at Louisville and go without change to Pensacola and Jacksonville in Florida. -^ vONNECTIONS - AT - \ OUISVILLE §;V .<leasant drives, the joj-ous pic-nics. the gay dances, the innocent love-making— who can describe them.' Vou that have had the exquisite pleasure of spending a season at Crab Orchard know of its delights ; and know that it would be vain for me to attempt to tell of its numberless pleasures and attraiflions. Those that come here, brain-worn and wearied b>- the busy and pressing world, find the ver\- atmosphere of the place contagious ; and they give themselves up wholly and unreser\-edly to the enjoyment of the passing hour. As the pcx-t says, they "leave cark and care behind." And who could have a care at Crab Orchard.' Care is banished, and joy and mirth rule supreme. "his excellent engraving gives the stranger some faint idea of the beauties of the place and its romantic surroundings. The tree- ined, shady walks, " leafy arcades, " as they have been called, are wonderfully inviting, while the less pretentious paths, winding down <> the various springs, seem to repeat to the strolling couples that •two is company, three is a crowd." At least they have been made with such designuio skill that often thev are onlv wide enough for two. and this is the reason that the young people pair off so naturallv ; and, speaking of pairing off, they do say that there are more matches made durinc- the season at Crab Orchard than in all the rest of Kentucky put together. But tins is probably only a base rumor, gotten up to frighten tinii.l mammas and suspicious papas. Xeverthck-ss. if it is true that matches are made in heaven, then this delightful resort can la>- claim to being an earthly paradise that iinilalLS ht-avcnlv ways pix-Uy closely. But the SiJiings arc not only famous as a pleasure resort; they are almost iKtter known for their health-giving qualities. Those who are troubled with their digestion— that awful bugbear of motlern America, and of which our forefathers were more or less ignorant — find almost immediate relief; while others, afflicted in did'ercnt ways, are signally benefited. These Springs are sn numerous and so varied in chara<5\er that the invalid is indeed difficult to please who can not be suited. The lipsom Spring is even belter than the famous fountain in England, from which it takes its name. Then there are Chalybeate Springs of various strength, combined with sulphur, while the purity of the mountain air is an able auxiliary to the waters. The hotel.s are excellent, the company is at all times of the best, and the man or woman who has ever visited Crab Orchard and not been hugelj' pleased is unknown. We furnish an analysis of the principal mineral wat- ers of Crab Orchard Springs, taken from the second report of the C'leological Sur\ey in Kentucky, b> David Dale Owen. Composition on the basis of one thousand grains. Tllb: BROWN SrRl.NC.. Held in solution by Carbonic .Acid. Carbonate of Iron. ■ Maganese. l.ime, -Magnesia, .SiiiphaUul " l.inic, ■ I'otash. Chloride of Sodium. Silicia, - - . - Moisture and loss, 0.02.S I .OOi Held in soil ■_ I in tlic «ai •"" byCarbonic, .020 J .112 .015 .02S .018 .046 .053—0.442 grair .\.mi:kic.\x i-I'So.m si-rino. TIIIv VIV.IA) SPRING Carbonate of Iron and M.ngancse. 0.015 ■ Lime, - - - '^O ■ .Magnesia. ■ .131 Sulphate of ■ - - .066 • Soda. - - .024 " Potash, - - - .022 Chloride of Sodium. - .008 Silicia. .041 — 0.446 grains. The free Carbonic .\ci(l present was not estimated. 11()W.\KI) Sn.PIIUR WELL. Carbonate of .Magnesia. - 0.065 I Held in solution • Lime. - - - .015 ) by Carbonic Acid. .Sulphate of Magnesia, ■ - .012 ■ I'otash, - - - .008 Alumina and trace of I'hosijhate, .002 Chloride of Sodium. - - .017 ,.,S.«KVV 0.. Silicia, - - - - Moisture and loss. .022 ■ .025—0 .164 grains. Carbonate of Lime, 0.506 ) Held in solution • Magne.sia, - - -375 t by Carbonic Acid. TIIlv C.Rl )\i-: SPRINC. •• Iron, a trace. Carbonate of Iron. - 0.021 1 Sulphate < )f Magnesia, ■ Lime, ■ Pota.sli, 2.9S9 - 1.566 .298 • Lime. " Magnesia. - .005 1 ■'95 1 - •04" J Held in solution in the water by Carbonic .■\cid. " Soda, - .39S Sulphate ( jf - ^056 • .Sodium, 1. 000 " Potash, - - -013 Silicia, - .021 — -7 ■■53 grains. Chloride c )f Sodium, - ■013 Bromine a trace. vSilicia, - .040 — 1.3S4 grains. The waters of which the foregoing exhibit shows the medicinal ingredients, are considered remedial in "Bright's Disease," affections of the bladder, skin, diseases of the bowels, neuralgia, scrofula, convalesence from typhoid and malarial fevers, female diseases, general debility, etc., under medical advice by the resident physician. At Broadhead the hills and the mountains really begin to show themselves in something like grand fonns. as the train winds in and out of deep passes, and the eye confronted by high cliffs, glances occassionally, up deep, rocky glens, fringed or almost curtained by the thickets of cedar and laurel, and beneath these are dis- cerned brawling and foaming torrtMits, dashing along over pebbly and stony beds, as they seek their way to the larger streams below. From the edges of the great solid walls of rock, two on either side, which border the track, and above, we come upon small but lieautiful cascades of crj-stal water, tumbling down mossy fronts of cliffs, each one of the.se a picture, which, could it be faithfully given, would be a welcome contribu- tion to the wealth of fine landscapes for which our country is already noted. Livingston, one hundred and forty miles from Louisville, is a place of great promise. Coal lies in all the hills around, and iron abounds. The coal is being mined quite extensively. The timber iii the vicinity is of the be.st, and as yet the ax of the woodman has not shorn the hills of their native beauty. The town lies at the meeting-place of the Roundstone Creek and Rockca.stle River, which is crossed by a fine iron bridge. All the country through which the road now pas.ses is filled with coal and iron. Lonilon, one hundred ami fifty-seven miles, will probably be before long a great mining center. This is the place where tourists take way for 'Rockcastle Springs," eighteen miles distant, and which are delightfully situated in a pleasing country. Williamsburg is the last large town in Kentucky. After leaving it the ro.id traverses a broken and ever-picture.sque country, which is filled with surprises and delights for the eye of the traveler. The valleys are exceedingly rich, and all kinds of crops (lourish. Kno.willc, the metropolis of Eastern Tennessee, speaks for itself It is a trim, liusy cit\-, filled with vim and enterprise. Here are the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia, and the Kuo.wille & Charlestown railroads, which, in connection with the L. & N., give the town excellent railroad connections. It would be idle to say that Knoxville is bound to be an important place. Geographically it is a center, and man has done his I)art to further its development. It has manj- factories, and its trade is large. But these are facts which are so well known that to repeat them is almost like saying that New Castle is well supplied with coals One of the famous products are the beautifully variegated Tennessee marbles, which have been used to such good purpose in the Capitol at Washington, and the New York Capitol at Albany, not to speak of scores of other magnificent public and private buildings. The location of the city is rarely lovely. All around it rise hills, and the diversity of vale and upland is chaniiiugly picturesque. Walking up Bioad\\a> m Lexington, the most conspicuotis building which catches the eye is the Hamilton Female College, which is one of the model educational in- stitutions for 3oung ladies in the countr\-. It is attended by students from all over the land, but more especiallj' from the South : and the work that is done is really excellent. The Faculty, numbering thirteen, is made up of skilled and long-experienced instructors, who enter with a warm sympathy into the aims and aspirations of the pupils. It is this that makes a home-like atmosphere pervade the college, and takes away that hard, dr\ officialism which too often renders school uninviting. The site of the college is magnificent, overlooking, as it does, all of Lexington ; and no pains have been spared to make the grounds attractive. The structure itself is thoroughly modern with every comfort and convenience that is known to the architect or house furnisher. 'riiis loail runs from I.thaiion, KL-iiliuk\, on llic Kiioxvillc lint.-, lo ('.ri.<.iisl)iirt;, alioul llurlv-oni; iiiik-s ill a southerly direction. It jiasses throu}?li an excclknt ajj;ricultural country. Campbcllsville. nineteen miles from tlie startinjj place, is a pretentious and thri\infr town. Creenslnirg is a lovely rural community. It has no faclorics, but does a larj.je business in the jiroducts of the localit\-. -^(^ar^d^town f ine©^ Twenty-two miles south of Louisville, on the main line of the I.. & N., is Hardstown Junction, and tlie town of that name is .seventeen miles to the southwest. Three miles out on the branch is Clennont. where is situateil one of the finest quarries of stratified limestone in the world. The stone is very easily quarrietl and readily worked when first removed; but it hardens by exposure. Much of the stone u.sed iii the buildinjj of the bridffe across the Ohio at Louisville came from here, and it is in con.stant demand. The quarries are owned by the railroad company. At Xazareth is a flourishinjf Callu)lic female seminar\ , and a very imposing collection of l)uildiii.us. Hard.slown is a jjlace of about two llumsaiid five hundred inhabitants. It is substantially built, is the local metropolis, and is quite an educational center. .^(^loomRelcl £ine &$^ Bloomfield is an active. a<,',iCiessive little cily, forty-five miles south of .\nchora>;e. on the L. >.V .\ vShort Line, where the cars are taken to reacli il. .Sliell)yvil!e, nineteen miles, is the ]>rincii)al and largest town on the road. It does a coniinercial and manufacluriug business, and is well finnislK-d with educational institutions. It is in fact one of the towns which is noted throughout Kentuck\ for push and energy. .^Gla^^ow fineg^ Glasgow is ten miles west of C.Ia.sgow Junction, ninety miles soulli of Louisville, on the main line of the L. & N. The ro.id runs Ihiougli a rather hilly coiintrw though it is extremely fertile. ("dasgow is a thrifty, .solidly-built town, which covers a great deal of ground— all of the inhabitants being believers in the divine right of having just as large yards as may suit their fancy. It is a great shipping point, and the people for fifty miles around regard it as a center. Not far distant are a number of petroleum wells, whose product is about five hundred barrels per month. Glasgow is well supplied with all that ministers to the needs of modeni and higher civilization, and it has an expanding future. Ifexin^ton h This is a very important and niucli-lraveled road, running from \"adens. on the Short Line, through the State capital, Frankfort, to Lexington, which is situated in the very heart of the world-famous blue gra,ss country. The distance from Louisville is ninety-four miles. Frankfort is a trim little city, which is thronged with statesmen and visitors during the .sessions of the legislature, while the .State offices always make it a center of political interest. Among the most noted of the public institutions is the penitentiary, which has gained a national reputation during Gov. Blackburn's administration. It is almost superfluous to say aught about I^exington, the .second capital of Kentucky, the family home of Henrj' Clay, and the city where the aristocracy of the .State gather annually at the races. It is the capital of the blue grass country, and is famed alike for beautiful women and fast horses. It is no discredit to mention them both in the same breath, for the blue grass horses beat the world, and are second in a Kentuckian's aflections only to the ladies of his native State. Then, too, Lexington is a great educational center. The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky is situated here. It is a State institution and has an ample endowment, which promises much for the future. Its buildings are located in what was once the City Park, a noble stretch of land con- taining fifty-two acres, which was given by Lexington to the State. The site is elevated and commands a good view of the city and surrounding couiitr\-. A new college has been erected, containing commodi- ous chapel, society rooms, lecture and recitation rooms sufTicient for the accommodation of six hundred students. A large and well -ventilated dormitory has also been built, with rooms for ninety students, for the use of the appointees sent by the Legislative Representative Districts of the State to the .scientific or classical departnients of llie college, and containing suitable dining-room, kitchen, matron's and sen-ants' rooms. The natural confoniiation of the ground, and an abundant supply of water from the Maxwell vSpring, render the construction of an artificial lake, with boating course a quarter of a mile in length, comparatively easy, thus providing for a beautiful sheet of water to add to the attractions of the landscape. For the accommodation of students sent by the Board of Examiners appointed by the Court of Claims, as beneficiaries of the Legislative Representative Di.stricts of the State, rooms for ninety students are pro- vided in the dormitory. To these good, substantial board is furnished at $2.25 per week, payable in advance. Students lodging in the dormitory furnish their own rooms. Good boarding, with fuel, lights and furnished room can be obtained in private families, at rates varying from S3.50 to $5.00 per week. In all cases where students can at all afford it, boarding and lodging in priv.nte families are recommended. .\GRICri,Tt"RAL .\XD .MECH.VXIC.VL COLLEGE OF KENTUCKY. — LE.XIXGTON. ^^" "■ The necessar}- expenses of a student while at __ -- college need not exceed the following estimates. As a rule, the less pocket-money allowed by parents or ^u n 1 tl pupil When supplies are kept short, the opportunitj- for contracting \ilious habit', is LoncbpoudnigU diminished. Students should be allowed by their parents to create no debts. The necessary expenses for the college year are S133.50. The course of study at tlie college is very much like that of other similar institutions, except that a great deal of attention is paid to the really practical branches, while the course in mechanics and agriculture is exceptionally thorough. Pro- vision has been made to assist .students who wish to "work their way along" by a system that in reality amounts to a limited number of free scholarships. This is a college which is thoroughly in accord with modem ideas and the genius of our American civilization : and on that account alone it is assured of an ever-expanding growth and increasing influence. of all wx-U-kiiown private educational institutions in Louisville, the best and most noted is the Home School, at No. 717 Third Street. Miss Helle S. I'eers is the I'rincipal, and the Hoard of Trustees is made up of the followinj^i; gentlemen, wlio.si- names are all familiar: Messrs. \V. Cieo. Anderson, Joseph B. Kinkead, K .V. Robinson, Steiihen R. Jones, John 15. Temple, James W. Tate, J. M. Robinson and H. \V. Oray. Miss I'eers is a member of the i;i>iscopalian Church, and the school is under the particular pat- nmage of the Bishop of the Diocese; yet there is entire freedom as to the opinions and religious worship of the pupils. It may III- well to obser\'e that several diflerent denominations are rep- ! . >i.nted by the Tni.stees. Last jear the Faculty consisted of four- 1 11 teachers, and of the one hundred and twenty pupils sixteen \i.re resident boarders. The chief chann of the school is the jhtful air ol home which pervades it, and the refining influences lich penneate and radiate from it. All that is uplifting and HOME SCIIOOI, FOR VOUN't .onSVILLE, exalting is thrown about the young ladies; and the fa(5t that the first people in Louisville send their daughters here to be educated speaks volumes for its high character. The class of pupils who attend here is of the very liest, and the associations of the school are all that could be wished. There are a number of scholars who board in the institution, though the number is limited ; and these find school life as delightful as the loving care and watchful attention of their teachers can make it. In regard to location, no adjectives are too superlative. Third vStreet is a magnificent thoroughfare, lined with noble residences and beautiful with spreading shade trees and spreading lawns. It is, in facl, an almost ideal city street ; and the Home School is on just such a street as one would like to live, and in just such an attractive place that one would choose for a residence. All its surroundings are in keeping with its name, and it is in every way an excellent and thoroughl> complete institution— such an institution as is fitted for the education of young ladies. ..^ Citieinnati, foLii^ville and Cnempl2i^ f}\)^'S^ 'IMie name of this line, ti Memphis, via Louisville, ami W The traveler on hundred and eighteen from Louisville, a sma Juncflion, and here the Memphis road leave direction. JNIucli of the ^ Cumberland and Ten use a very slang phrase, "gives it away." It runs from Cincinnati to distance betwec^i the two cities is four hundred and eighty-seven miles. the EUenT " has noticed, two hundred and twenty-eight miles south of Cincinnati, and one 11 station with a number of side tracks. This is Memphis =3 the main line and runs toward the Mississippi in a southwestern scenery on the route, especially in the vicinitj- of the > nessee ri\ers is extremely picturesque, while the '1^ '2^ >& country for the most part is rich and fertile. At ^^€f - ^f^^^ - -5te^ South I'nion. eleven miles from tlie *^"«^ , -^ '^"'Ci ^ i^^ Junction, three Iiundred and twenty- -*!^^' """ *£:,- t£^*^ -i5? ^Slr*!*'^ nine from Cincin- iti, is a strong ■.Shaker vSettle- ment," with BETHEL COLLEC.I buildings, neat out houses and extensue and well planned ground^ The thrifty .sect have a model farm and do a large business in canned ■„,,.,, and dried fruits. Of course, the place will well repay a visit. Nestled among spreading trees is Uethe! College, at Russellville Kentuckv, while the beautifully-kept grounds around the buildings at once impress the visitor with the fad that the spirit of neatness and order rules in the institution. The location is excellent, and students throng here from all over Kentucky and Tennessee. For years the attendance has been steadily increasing, which in itself bears witness to the solid merits of Bethel College. One of its features is that mini.sters- sons and students for the ministry are given tuition free, while the latter receive forty dollars a vear additional (if needed) from the Enlow Fund. kiissLllvillc is a place of some picttiisions : aiul its silualiuii, in Uic- la.ul uf one of the best faiinin;^ rey:ions in Kentucky, is favorable to its growth and continued prosperity. It has a population of two thousand five hundred and is constantly growing. Bethel and Logan Colleges, and a theological school, are situated here ; and it is a center of culture and refinement, as well as of trade. «« (31arksuills»* On the Ivast bank of the Cumberland, just above the mouth of Red River, Clarksville is reached. It was the judicious eye of John Montgomery that first discovered in the rugged hills that lie in the fork if the.se two streams a superior site for the location of a town. January, 1-S4, John Montgomery and Martin Armstrong entered the tract of land on which Clarksville is located. Anustrong laid off the plan of a town upon it. They named the town Clarksville, in honor of (leneral George Rogers Clark, a distinguished soldier of that day, who was personally known to many of the early .settlers of Tennessee and Kentucky. After the town had been laid oft", the proprietors sold a considerable number of lots, and the purcha.sers being desirous that the town should be established by legislative authority, the C.eneral Assembly of North Carolina, in November, 17S5. est.nblishcd it a town and a town common, agreeable to the plan, by the name of Clarksville. What became of the town common does not appear. It was the second town established in Middle Tennessee. The Commissioners appointed were John Montgomery, Anthony Crutcher. William Polk, Anthony niedsoeand Carduer Clark. In 1788 a tobacco inspection was established at Clarksville. This was by an acl of the General Assemblv of North Carolina, and was the first tobacco inspection established in Tennessee. The fact is only remarkable as showing how early the cultivation of tobacco came to be an important industry around Clarksville. and as marking the inception of a tobacco market, which may still claim, with justice, to be the first in the .State. In this year also the county of Tennessee — the original name for Montgomery county —was established. There is nothing of the "mushroom" about her growth; and to-day Clarksville, as a colleclion of men, is one of the most solvent towns in the whole country. Situated in the center of a wide belt of the finest lands in the United States, on which is produced every variety of cereal, besides the great .staple of this country, tobacco; with railroad and river connexion with business points North, South, East and West ; surrounded by an industrious, energetic and intelligent people, whose school-houses crown even,- hill and dot every valley — we say, with such a business con.stituency, Clarksville pos.sesses advantages owned by but few towns ; and her solid growth, from a trifling village into an important city, has not been accidental, but is the result of natural causes. The population of Clarksville is now about seven thousand, including the suburbs, which, from their contiguity, are naturally a part of the town. It may not be as large as Rome was in the palmy days of Augu.stus ; but in the matter of hills it beats the famous "seven" all hollow. This is a thriving little city, and it is one of the great tobacco markets in the West. The river and the railroad have both combined to produce this favorable result. Then, of course, the adjacent country is celebrated as a tobacco-growing land. Clarksville is .solidly built, and its business blocks and large ware- hou.ses speak very forcibly of its go-aheadness. The general trade of the city is ever increasing, and the commercial tourist finds it one of the most fruitful tarrying places in Eastern Tennessee. ->« Dunbar (2au@j>i<- Chief among the attracflions of Clark.svilk- is Dunbar Cave, one of the largest blowing caves in the world. By that is meant that a steady stream of cool air pours out ot it summer and winter its temper- ature is the same, and this mighty and never-failing draft is in itself wonderful and ine.xplicable. But the cave is of immeasured extent, and its possibilities as regards size are as great as Mammoth Cave. Each year new discoveries add to its extent, and it may be that the gigantic natural catacombs undermine the whole region. But be that as it may, the cavern is singularly beautiful and it has never-ceasing attrac- tions for the touri.st. Tho.se who have traversed its echoing galleries, dimly lighted by the torches of the guide, have watched the play of the grotesque .shadows flung on the walls by the moving lights, have listened to the resonant falling of the subterranean waters, and heard afar off" the cry of some .stranger broken into a thousand faint yet clear echoes, can never forget the impression made upon the inner senses. But to return to the more practical affairs of life. The cave was di.scovered >ears ago, and held by its owner at such a fabulous price that none could afford to buy. At his death it fell into the hands of the present proprietors, who have built a hotel, improved the surroundings, and nmde the environments of the place all that could be wished. They have also taken .some very commendable liberties with the entrance to the cave. Once on a time it was a mere hole in the ground ; but, by removing the debris, which had been accumulating for ages, the entrance has been made grand and imposing. A magnificent arch of solid rock springs over it, while beneath is a splendid level floor on which hundreds can dance at a time ; and they can dance there on the hottest day in summer, for the breeze from the dark depths of the mysterious cave forever keeps the temperature at 56 degrees. Invalids coming here find the air from the cave a great restorative, while Idaho Springs, but a short walk from the cave, are in themselves a cure for many of the ills of which flesh is heir to. There are five distinct springs of mineral water-s— red sulphur, white sulphur, chalybeate, magnesia and alum— all of .superior character, and possessed of many curative qualities. DlNiJAIi CAV The Cuinberland is crossed on a splendid bridge, and then the road runs i>ver the river " bottoms" for a long distance on a high trestle, which is far removed above "high water mark." The rains may descend and the flooils xua_\- come, but travel on the I, iS: N. will not be interrupted. There is a very pretty stretch of road along the river, which the iron track follows for nearly twetity miles, and then it runs through a broken country to the Tennessee river, three liundred and thirty miles, which is spanned bv another mag- nificent bridge with an iron "draw" in the center. The view at this point is grand, and the Tennessee is seen to the best advantage. The country beyond is well limbered. As we go South there are evidences that we are in a land of cotton. Cotton fields lie on the track of the road. .\l Paris, three hundretl and fifty -six miles, there is a large cotton factory. The town has two thousand inhabitants, and the three staples— com, cotton and tobacco— are the exports. McKenzie, eighteen miles be>»nd I'aris, rejoices in a population of one thousand, and has two colleges— one a Methodist and the other a Cumberland Presbyterian, a sect which is very strong in this locality and in many other parts of the South, notably Texas and Arkansas. This is the crossing-place of the Nashville iS: St. I.ouis road. At Milan, three hundred and ninet>-four miles, the Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans road crosses. The town is rapidly growing and is building up finely. ♦« HurnIi>olt»«- Ilumbolt, four hundred and five miks, is slightly larger than Milan: and, like it, another railroad, the Moliile cS: Ohio, cro.sses the I,. cS: N. within its limits. The town covers a great deal of space; but it is very pretty and attractive. Large quantities of fruit are raised in this neighborhood; and at Gadsden, five miles beyond, this is an all-important enterprise. Strawberries, raspberries, pears, peaches, plums, in fact, all kinds of fruit grow as perhaps they grew in the Garden of Eden. Tliej- attain a delicious perfection, and year by year more and more fruit is being shipped to the North. An estimate was made some years ago, and it would be much larger now, that in one \ear the people around Gadsden cleared sixty thousand dollars from their fruit-crop. Frost never injures the fruit, the climate develops it; and. what is just as important, the L. & N. funiishes the best of facilities for carrying it to the North and Ha.st. It has been found that fanns which have been overworked and run out in the cultivation of cotton and tobacco, raise most excellent fruit, while this rotation of crops gives the land the needed ojiportunity for recuperation. Brownsville, four hundred and thirt>- miles, is a large and handsome town, which is considerably elevated alxjve the surrounding country. Its trade in cotton and other agricultural staples is large and growing, while its manufacturing interests are fast increasing. Brownsville Female College and the Wes- leyan Female Institute are both situated here, and are schools with far more than a local reputation. Just beyond the town of Big Ilatchie the railroad cro.sses the river of that name. It is a tributary of the Mississippi and is navigable for a number of miles. And now the road runs through a level strip of country, past a -number of small stations. Bartlctt, four hundred and .seventy-six miles, is reached. It is more in the nature of a suburb than aught el.se. Then the track runs in sight of the National Cemetery, and its high fiag-staft' lifts the stars and .stripes above thousands of soldiers who fell fighting beneath them. This great burial-place, with its massive gateways and splendidly-kept grounds, is at all times interesting. •>!^Msrnphis w<- But a few miles further, and Memphis, four hundred and eighty-seven miles, is reached — the depot being almost ui)oii the banks of the mighty father of waters. Memphis is a city which .speaks for itself In spite of two visitations from that dread scourge, yellow fever, it has continued to prosper. That which was imperfeift in its sanitary arrangements has been corrected, and the unhealthy places have been made healthy. The stranger walking along its bustling streets, sees no evidence that the city has ever suffered in any unusual way. Kven,thing speaks of activity and enterprise, which has had the encouragement of success. Cotton ma\- almost be said to be king in Memphis, and cotton seed, oil cake and meal products reach an amazing amount. Then there is a large trade in grain and fann .staples, while it has the wholesale trade that naturally comes to a great city. In a word, Memphis has risen superior to disaster, and is thriving and growing rich. One of the signs of the times is the recent erection of the magnificent cotton exchange, which is one of the finest commercial buildings in the country. In this way the merchants of the city have organ- ized methods of controlling trade and making it flow through their hands. They realize that the situation of Memphis makes an extensive territory of the most fertile lands in the world tributary to her; and that if they but make the effort the country will yield them its fruits— and the men of Memphis are not the men to let an opportunity slip through their fingers. They are wide-awake, pushing and abreast of the times. Of late vears the city has been almost entirely rebuilt, and it is altogether modem in appearance. T. . A both bv river and rail has steadily grown, and a wider field of enterprise has now been opened Its trade, both ^ > "^^ f *; ™ ^'^^^f^.^^.^ing 'its raw products, instead of sending them away to be manu since Memphis has taken to "'•^"^^'*""""- ^^^^^^1 impression that the city was unhealty, and, indeed ^t:^^lro^^^'^^"^^ ^ ^-™-^ --- "^ -- and surface^ drainage has removed this objedlion. The death-rate and m hcaltliN as the great majority of cities. licipal tables of mortality show that Memphis IS situited rn i northern suburb of the clt^ of ClirksMlle ind IS about ID nun utes \\ilk from the corner of See nd and \\ anklin Sts The Lodge IS the propert\ ol L >pt J J Crusman n whieh is his resi •a fit abode for i millionaire— nestling as ''*' it does xmong man^ fine sp^e niieiis of e%ergeens from which it de I nes its euphonious appellation Th fitness of the location for a nursery flower-garden may be seen at a glance, liom the facT: that the magnolias of Florida and spruces of Nor%vav flourish side by side, being in that happy medium of latitude where the rich and xaned lloral treasures of the South meet in gorgeous arra>- their "\o- jf"^^-^ ^^!^^ hood of the North. The flower-garden and nursery composes about fifteen " t cultivation. More than half is devoted to flowers. Carnations, roses chrysanthemums, tube roses and dahlias are grown by the thousands; palms S ferns are also a specialty, geraniums in endless --ty ■;-\- ^o" ,a general assortment of rare plants as is to be catalogued by any of ^y^Z:^^';;^'^:' ^^. targe importations of bulbs are received each fall ^7^ Holland^ \t"w^^^^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ flowering shrubs and fruit trees are all grown for sale ^'^J^'^^'f^ ^l^'^^'^^l ^ l.rge area of glass in patrons in all the Southern and Western States. Five ^^'f J^^^^'l'^'^'^J^^^ pits and frames is constantly in use in raismg and propagating oung plant Jor t P ^^^ of shipment. Their catalogues are replete with mfonnation as o tl- -t n nt ^^ mailed free to all applicants. What the Champs E y.ses is to 1 ans, LentuU mount to Philadelphia, Evergreen Lodge is to Clarksville. New York vill be and Fair- The Tobacco Exchange building at Clarksvillc, Tennessee, was erected by the Tobacco Board of Trade, and is perliaps the handsomest building of its class in the State. It was built, in the best possible manner, of brick, with stone facings and trimmings,' and roofed with slate and iron. The building contains a large purposes, and thirty thousand salesroom, lighted from the roof, as well as by windows; a handsome hall for general eighteen rooms for general offices. It was erected at a cost of .some twenty-five to dollars, funiished by the volunteer contributions of the .sellers and buyers of the market. Tobacco sales range from two mil- lions to two and a half millions of dollars. Tl are nine stemmcries and prizing houses, who handle from three to si.\ million pounds, according to the crop and prices. The tol)accoof thisseclion is composed mainly of tho.se grades and types most popular in foreign countries, and but little is man- ufactured for .\morican use. Under the progre.ssive spirit of the age, which leads demands to seek the fountain-head as closely as possible, the representatives of nearly ever\- countrv in Europe are to be found at this Board during the season, seek ing to secure their supplies; and orders are being filled at the same time for Great Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Aus- tria, vSpain, Switzerland, Bel- gium, Holland, and frequently orders from Australia, Africa, the West Indies and Mexico are filled here, besides a fair amount taken for different parts of the I'nited States and Canada. And, speaking of tobacco, it is interesting to note the fact that its production is increas- ing year by year. Formerly it was thought that tobacco grown out of \'irginia and North Carolina must of neces- sity be an inferior article; but this idea is now relegated back to the dusty recesses of once popular fallacies, and the fact " ^ , ' , , , ci,.\KKSvii,i.i: TOB.vccn r\ui\\' 1 II.!;. texn. IS everj-where acknowledged that tobacco grown in the West is excellent, posse.s.sing distinctive and lim. qinlun..-, oi Us own. Kentucky now stands at the head of tobacco-producing States, Mhile Tennessee ranks fourth, with good prospects of doing better in the near future. In faefl: the great crop of Kentucky is tobacco, and its yearly value is $11,089,782, or just about one-thirtieth of the entire property in the State returned for taxation. According to the latest and most trustworthy statistics, there were in Kentucky 226,120 acres of land planted with tobacco last year, producing a total of 171,120,784 pounds. Think of it! Enough to keep an army smoking for a campaign of a hundred years! In Tennessee the average was 41.522, and the number of pounds pro- duced was 29,365,052, the value being $1,538,757. These few fa(fls and figures .show .something of the importance of the crop, and the amount of capital invested in its culture; and, looking at it from a national stand-point, in 18S2 the internal revenue receipts from tobacco were $47,391,989— enough to pay the salary of the President of the United States 947 times and still have something to spare. Not only was this amount collected, but 472,661,159 pounds of leaf tobacco were exported, which enormous quantit>- was valued at $36,624,357. These latter figures are taken from the census of 18S0; and, as the trade has been growing, it is fair to presume that over $45,000,000 of "the weed" is now annually sent abroad. The kinds of tobacco grown in different localities vary greatly. For instance, in Pennsylvania the great thing is 'Havana seed tobacco," which, in other words, means tobacco grown from seed brought from Cuba. Most smokers are ignorant of this fa(fl, and imagine that Havana seed tobacco means that the seed is in some way mingled with the natural leaf. In Tennessee the trade caters to the foreign market, and the great bulk of the tobacco grown is exported, while the reverse holds true in Kentucky. And the most promising thing about this great industry is that the land suitable for tobacco-growing is not yet half utilized. There is ever greater and greater ; for men meals three times a day— still an ahundance for the new-comer. And not only that, hut the deniand ^viU smoke, just as they xvill fall in love, and just as they eat the.r and thev won't stop until the crack of doom. The stranger gets a good idea of the^ great Louisville Hotel by the faithful illustrations of the artist. It is a mas- sive building on Main Street, in the most central part of the city ; and the mighty Doric pillars at the principal entrance give it a distinctively southern look. Theoffice is a lort\ apart mtnt with the tessa lated marble floor broken by rows of large white columns it a cooland breezy appearance. This is on the famous hotels in the vSouth, and all I famous men who have visited Louisville h .\ been its guests. It is thoroughly modtrn . i..^ .,a> . In the selection of a plan for the Courier- Journal building, Mr. Haldeman, who has alwaj'S lieen a strong advocate and friend of ever.\' measure tending to advance the prosperity and interests of the city of Louisville, did not confine him.self to what would simply supply the necessan,- space and qualifications for business incident to the publication of a first- clas.<' newspaper ; but, with a generous foresight and deservedly successful issue, he has succeeded in fur- nishing the city of Louisville with a magnificent arcliilectural structure, a monument alike to his good taste and far-seeing judgment. Such a building, which may have served the purpo.ses of the Courier-Journal for years, could have been erected far below the actual cost of this building ; but this alone was not sufficient to .satisfy Mr. Haldeman as to what the future should be of the representative journal of the South and South- we.st, but with a liberality of means, as well as views, he erected a building upon a plan of unexcelled magnitude —a building unsurpa.ssed for mechanical skill or artistic design. riLDIXG.— I.OVISNII.I.K. ^)^ ?^^-^-;^' \1, wh ,t I eitx It IS ' V ol\ W 1 N ^ 1 Inmst to the point of i,lulaliy by its people, and ktt;aclion. for the Msiting stran -e, h.tuated on the du-id.ng hne of the North and Southern and jet distmctneh Northern Its cituens have the warm li^a^s and generous hospltaht^ of the Southland vvhile it has the go-ahead-ness, push and energ. that belongs to the North I tlnnk peopk ^^as Bea's sageobser^'atlon, after we had been sho^^n .round the citv ^^ho h.^e fncn.ls to visit in Louisville ought which ha vSonth, it , a thousani' is e-minenlh to be \ er\ happ\ \^^l^ , here we ha\ e been ^ isitmg at the house of a friend and \et\\e ha\e been treated — like princes ' But even the unknow n stranger finds LouiSMlle pleasant enough, for the hotels are exeellent, and theie is a \\ anuth and heart} genuineness about the inhabitants ^ that IS reassuring There -was much in the city -which \\e found entertaining In the first place there was the town Itself with Its fine Citj Hall, Court House and other public buildin^rs while Fourth street has ^"^ charms that are unfading. It is one of the finest residence streets in America. Not only that, but it has a character of its own and on that account can not be compared to Fifth Avenue, New York, or Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, or to the suburban drives of Clifton, adjoin- ing my own Cincinnati. It is lined on either side by splendid residences, dwellings which for attraclive- ness and magnificence have hardly a parallel on this continent. Tliey arc all (lelached and surrounding them are lawns as smooth as landscape gardening can make them, and in the summer time they are bright with flowers. A double row of trees shades this grand thoroughfare and adds materially to its beauty. At the end of I'ourth street are the grounds of'the .Southern Exposition, which are well worth a visit. Hut I'ourth street is not entirelj- given up to residences, as at its lower end it is a great place for business, and many of the stores are remarkable for their size and the completeness of their appoint- ments. The Courier-Journal OlTice is on this broad avenue, and above its main entrance is a statue of Prentiss, tile first great editor of the paper, whose mantle has fallen upon the shoulders of Henry Watterson. It is quite a work of art and it is probable that your Louisville friends will tell you long stories of Prentiss' wit and oddities. Certainly they told Bea and myself so many, that if I were to attempt to repeat them, this book would have to be enlarged to the size of Webster's I'nabridged. Then of course before we left Louisville we saw the Falls of Ohio, which give the name of the Falls City, and the great canal which has been built around them. In high water steamlxiats go over the falls, but in low water this is altogether too dangerous a proceeding. As to Louisville's enterprise and the extent of her manufacturing industries, I need say but little. Her thousands jf factories, great warehouses and extensive freight depots speak for me. They tell of her material prosperity and wealth, of her commercial greatness and progress. And as a railroad center she has no equal. She lies midway between the Atlantic and the cities of the West, and is the geographical radiating point for the lines of the North and the South. And now Bea and I, our visit at Louisville finished and my observations over, are en route again. This time for Nashville, Tenn., with a stop over at Mammoth Cave. As we slowly make our way out of the city, the train passes the immense workshops of the L. & N., where an army of workmen are eniplo\ed, and then after passing factories, and rows and rows of houses, we make our first stop at South Louisville, where the through Pullmans from Cincinnati are taken on, and then we rapidly proceed on our way. It is a pleasant ride. At first the road leads through level farming lands, dotted with thrifty-looking houses in the midst of orchards and well kept fields. At Lebanon Junction, the Knoxville and Greensburg trains leave the main track. A few miles further and the country changes. We run through rocky cuts and around the crests of hills green with cedar. Now we are crossing a loft\- trestle beneath which flows a clear stream, and as the train winds in and out we catch many a glimpse of bits of difficult and picturesque engineering. .Meanwhile the porter passes through the car, and Bea exclaims : "Look, brother mine, the porter is lighting the lamps in broad daylight. What is it for? " A moment after and we ninihle through a tunnel and the mystery of lighting the lamps at noon-day is explained. Had it not been done we would have Ixen left temporarily in total darkness. •>« @lizaKsthtov/n ix" One hundred and fifty-two miles from Cincinnati. This is the first important .stop after Louisville. It is a thriving place with many industries, and is also a countj- seat. Beyond Hlizabethtown the country grows more and more broken. Wooded "knobs," or shai-p pointed hills rise abruptly, serrating the horizon. The valleys make many turns and occasionally the land is flung aside by a bare crest of rock, whose jagged masses lie exposed upon the ground. It is a region in which Nature seems to have indulged her love for the unusual, and as Bea .stands at the rear door of the car and looks out upon the landscape, she remarks that the only thing necessan.- to complete it is a cave. And the cave is there in Mammoth Ca\e, whose limitless caverns stretch awa>- in unknown and undiscovered vastness, and whose thousand beauties and unprecedented extent make it one of the wonders .of the world. It is reached from •>i<3 (3a US (3ity tx<- This is a little village eight3--five miles from Louisville and one hundred and ninety-five from Cincinnati. Eight miles to the west lies the cave which is reached by a stage ride, o\er a road «hich reminds one of the hymn the colored folks sang at camp meeting. "Oh, de Jordan am a hard road to trabble." It certainly is a rough road, but the tourist can paulon its discomforti^ as the .scenerv is new and charming, and it gives him an appetite which is positively ravenous. But at the jouniey's end is an excel- lent hotel, a long, rambling, two-storied wooden structure, where the traveler is kindly cared for. A poet might rave over the untold loveliness and unspeakable mvsteries of the cave, which is so rightly named Mammoth, but I am no poet. Let me say that the half was never told. No guide-book c.in do the great cavern justice, and no one can speak too highl\- of its wonders. I have never yet heard of a tourist who visited Mammoth Cave and was disappointed. No m.itter how great may be one's anticipations they fall far short 'of the glorious reality. Vou who visit the Cave can obtain volumes of information on the .spot and your guide, for no one is allowed to venture in the cave without a guide, fairly overflows with narratives of the underground reces.ses in which the torch makes a "dim, religious light," and even the most inquisitive find in him all they can possibly wish to know. .\n(l you who do not visit the Cave can have no adequate idea of its mar\-els. As to the expense of a trip to the wonderful cavern it depends altop;ether upon what the tourist is pleased to make it. The L. & N. sells tickets to the Cave and return, so the traveler can at all times proceed upon a certainty. Not only this, but special rates can be made for parties and unusual inducements are offered in this direction. The rates at the hotel are exceedingly reasonable, not being based upon the fashionable "water- ing place " tariflf, and the e.xpense of a guide is trilling. Of course the larger the party the smaller the cxpen.se. Bea and I were with a party of six others, making eight in all, and one guide answered for all of us. We spent but a single day and a night at the Cave, and more time could liave been spent profitably in exploring the mighty chambers which Nature has constructed with such massiveness in the very heart of the eternal hills. • Well, Rea," I said as we regained the light of day after the everlasting darkness of the Cave, " what impressed you the most?" " Kver>thing impressed me. Let me see, there was the Rotunda, the Tea Table, the Gothic .V venue, the Bottomless Pit. and that horribly dark and sullen river Styx, and then there was the Church with the I'ulpit and Altar. I guess I was as much interested in tlie .story the guide told about the Church as in anytliing else. It was about a beautiful young lady who promised her dying motlier that she would ne\er wed an\- man upon the face of the e.irth, and if .she broke her promise all her fortune would go to another heir. And when she fell desperately in love, she came here with the man of her choice and was married with gorgeous pomp and ceremon_\- in the Church. So she kept her word and her fortune, for she did not marr>- a man upon the face of the earth, but in its bosom. I guess that .story impres.sed me about as much as anything." .\s Hea is a romantic young woman she is to be forgiven. But evervthing in the Cave is so man-elous and utterly strange that it is impossible to tell what plea.ses one the mo.st. As for myself there was nothing which did not chanu me. Hcho River is told by Emily Thornton Charles in charming verse: ECHO RIVER-M.V.MM 11 C.vVE Sunbeams never mystic river Nor the moonbeams, o'er tliee quiver ; Not the faintest starlight gleam Shines above thee, sombre stream. Night-enshrouded river Echo, Mournful dirge so sadly low, Loudly clear, or soft and low, Singing as we gliding go — O'er thy waters silent flow Comes the echo—" Lo ! " See the shimmering shadows playing, Born of torchlight's fitful swaying, Cast upon the cavern wall- Cast o'er Echo River Hall, Hear the echo call, Answering echo— "All!" And the boatman, standing grimly, Throws a shadow weird, unseemly. On the rocky space. Strangely out of place. As it were a network ghastlj — " Lace!" Bright-winged birds have never Hown O'er thy waters dim and lone; Shores of earth with flowers o'ergrown- Mossy banks, lo, thou hast none; Only walls of solid stone By the great Creator hewn— By His powers alone, Round thy waters—" Lone I " Wavering shadows weirdly falling. Seem as spirits beckoning, calling, Calling through the echo voices. Strangely awed, our soul rejoices. As 'twere voice from heaven calls us; Heavenly majesty enthralls us. Now from dome and wall surrounding, 'Gainst the massive rock resounding. Hear the echo Come and go ! Long we Kaze in silent wonder. We of earth Ihou'rt gliding under Through the rock reft wide asunder. O'er thy watery depth rock-girten Plays the flickering light uncertain. See o'er dome and caverned hall Tracery of mystic scroll, God's underwriting on the wall, All His work; His-" All I" Harken, now the voices singing. All the echoes backward bringing. As a grand triumphal ringing. Every sense with rapture filling Like a thousand harp-strings thrilling— Every breath to silence stilling Joy divine is o'er me stealing. And a bliss profound Echo tells me— "Found " In the echo sound. Long the sweet refrain will linger, As the trace of fairy finger. Rising now in fuller volume, Answ'ring from each arch and column. Joyous peals of music ringing, As it were the angels singing. Loud, resonant, rising higher- Melody of heavenly choir- Is it this 1 hear? Say, is heaven near? This the spirit sphere? List the echo— "F To my mind this ti Know I now by tliL Words that die will live again. And the grand resurgence rolling. All my inner soul controlling. Echoes ever o'er the river. Stirs this thought within my brain As long as a loudly-echoing strain: Words may die yet live again- Fairy river, gliding, going Through the cavern, winding, (lowing To the wondrous realm beyond. Here my thirsting soul hath found Peace my longing soul had wanted ; ouelled arc doubts that evetinie haunte Thou has taught me more than sages By thy rocky clifts of ages ; Taught me more than storied pages; Led me to the opening portal: Proved the soul to be immortal; Brought of knowledge's mighty store Hidden in mysterious lore : Echoing thoughts E're unto my mind recurring. Evermore this truth averring. Thou hast taught by sure refrain Echoing dying words so plain, I shall die yet live again, Dying be my — "Gain." MELLBROUGH S HILL. And now we again turn our faces southward toward Tennessee and the inviting countr\- that lies be>-ond it. But the region through which we are passing is singularly picturesque, and the landscape is varied and ever changing. One of the most lovelj- spots in all Kentuck\- is Mellbrough Hill, which is circled by the L. & N., and of which a charming and truthful sketch appears above. The artist took his view of the hill from its base, where flows one of those clear, noisy, babbling streams so common in Kentuckv. But in places the landscape is less bold and striking, and a softly undulating country is seen. wliich is ilotud Willi wliitc fanii lioiiscs. Sloiie walls diviili; the fieUls, which look particularly neat after a dreary monotony of rough rail fences. The region looks peaceful enough now, but once it was marched over and over by the contending anuies of the Blue and the Gray ; and many were the fierce skirmishes in this iniine- ; they are dead issues that are forever at rest. The above institution reflects great credit upon Bowling Green, K>-. Ogden College was organized and established in 1877 a. n. by the liberal endowment of the founder, Robt. W. Ogden. The College is for boys and 5'oung men, and is fully equipped with an able faculty, and with all the usual means and apparatus of a first-class college, and confers full collegiate honors. By the wise and munificent endowment of the founder, R. W. Ogden, and the bequest of John K. Robinson, education is offered free to any boy or young man fnini Kentucky, no charge of any kind being made, except a matriculation fee of five dollars per session ; to students from any State other than Kentucky only a tuition fee of fifteen dollars per session. SOITHFRN NOI M\l SL BOW I P Iliib institution tliL SiutliLrn \onnal School and Business College located in Bowling- Green IS the larcjest I^ormil School in the South and if it keeps on at its present rapid rate of growth i1 soon surpass the lirgest school of its class in the tr\ It^^as established in iS;^ and after a few ^e'lls( t trial and discouragement from those %\ ho did not under stand the scope of the \\ork it entered upon a success, whose genuine qualitj speaks for itself and so greath has the Normal Department flourished that a Commer cul Depirtment Ins hecn added uid %ounj; people are ii gn en a thorough and pradtical business education A place dear to every Kentucky heart. And a charming little city it is. It is the home of many old families, and many of its citizens have risen to distinction and national reputation. It is a place cherishing genuine culture in its mid.st, and a home of education, as here is situated Ogden College and the Southern Normal Scliool, two institutions with a widely extended name for thoroughness and general excellence. The little metropolis has a fine new Court House and a number of handsome churches. I say metropolis, and do so advisedly, for the thriving city has followed metropolitan ways and is supplied with all "modem improvements." Its Water Works are admirable, and the green mound of the reser\-oir. rising high above the city, is a striking and beautiful object. Bowling Green is also conspicuous for its enterprise, and it has a iiumlur of mills and iiianufactorifS. There is one handle factory alone, the handles being made of Soulhern hickory, renowned the world over for its exceeding loughness, which pays annually for slock and wages no less than §200,000. The river which winds around the city is the Big Barren, a poor name for a stream flowing through such a fertile land. And, speaking of the Big Barren, the question immediately comes to the mind of the stranger as to how it was named. The answer is simple. When the carlj- settlers came to this part of the State they found it treeless. All the rest of Kentucky was covered with beautiful and thick-growing forests ; but here it was a vast and wide-e.xtended prairie. It was covered with verdant grass, and great herds of buflalo roamed through it. But tho.se old pioneers did not know that prairies were rich and fitted for agriculture; and, becau.se there were no trees in the region they concluded that the soil was too poor and sterile for trees to flouri.sh, and .so they called the place the " Big Barrens." That they were very much mistaken in their ideas is shown by the fact that this part of Kentucky is as rich a section as is to be found in the Stale. Vet still the name of Big Barrens sticks, just as the name of the Batterj- sticks to what was once the Battery in New York, though for years it has been nothing more than a landing-place for immigrants. It has been prettv conclusively shown in recent years that the trees were bunied ofl" of this region by an immense forest fire, kindled, as has been suggested, by the Indians, who wished to turn it into a great meadow for the buflaloes. Four miles .south of Bowling Green is Memphis Junction, where the soulh-bouiid trains leave the main track for llie great cotton and commercial market on the Mis.sissii)])i ; Iml more of this in rinothcr clia])Ui. *« Rraqklin si* This is a flourishing town just twenty miles from Bowling Creen, ;nid its rival. The people of the Iwo places are very jealous of each other, something after the manner of Si. I'aul and .Minneapolis, hut it is a good- natured, chivalric emulation. Franklin also has a good Court House, two e.\cellcnt colleges and a number of thriving industries. When we left Franklin, Bea inquired of the Conductor when we would cross into Tennessee. " The State line," answered the man in the blue coat and silver buttons, " is between Mitchellville and Richland. The first town is in Kentucky and the .second is in Tennessee. No, there is no wall between the States and it is pretty hard to tell where one leaves olT and the other begins." And Bea was ver\- much disappointed when she found out there was nothing to mark the boundary of the two great States. There was much more timber to be seen in Tennesee than in the State which we had just left, and when the pine woods of the North are exhausted, the lumber men will find a har^-est awaiting them here. Already the lumber industrj- is very important, and it is increasing rapidly. ->« Gallatin ^'• This was the first large town in Tennessee, and it is a thriving place, being an agricultural as well as a manufacturing center. A very imperfect idea of the place can be got from the station, as it lies back from the railway track, and trees and rising ground shut out the \-iew. And now it is but a few miles further and we near Edgefield Junction, the country becomes more thickly peopled, and at last Bea points out a grand building which lifts its lofty cupola from the suinmil of a distant hill. " What is it .' " she exclaims. "That's the Capitol of the State of Tennessee, Mum," replies the porter. And the great structure looms up more grandly as we approach it, while everywhere the factor\- chimneys and great business blocks are to be seen. Edgefield is just across the Cumberland River from Nashville, and while it is a busy, bustling place, it might be called an " overflow " town. The train only stops a minute, and then we are rolling across a splendid iron bridge, while the swift current of the Cumberland is far beneath us. It looks narrow when compared to the Ohio at Loui.sville, but it is no insignificant stream, and the steamboats which ply upon it add many thousands of dollars yearly to Nashville's wealth. " But look," my sister cries and .she is raptly gazing out of the window, " look at the long sweep of the River between its high, steep banks. They are almost precipitous, and see the great hills in the distance which shut in the horizon. Oh, it is lovely ! Then just look at this Suspension Bridge in front of us which runs down hill. That's funny." And it does run down hill, for one bank is higher than the other. But I hardly have time to smile before we are in the long depot at Nashville, and as we gather up our various belongings there is the metropolitan greeting, " Cab. sir. cab. sir I this way to the bus ! Express, sir, carry your baggage to any part of the city," and so on. Ad infinitum. Tliis line is three liundred and ten miles in k-n>jtli and passes through some of the finest land in all Kentucky- and Illinois. There is a constant succession of thriving towns along the route. Leaving Nashville, the main line of the L. & N. is left at Edgefield Jundion, and the road runs, as a sailor would sa\-, directly Northwest by North. Springfield is passed and the Guthrie, where the jMemphis road crosses the track. The line now goes through that portion of Kentucky known as the "Barrens." It is not called that because it is barren and sterile, but because of a queer mistake made by the early pioneers. The region was a vast prairie, and they ignorantly supposed that there were no trees, as the soil was too poor to bear tli^ wooded, while the richness prosperity of the region that it is not barren, five miles from the Che-sapeake the travek evidences in a coal L\-er, the countr}' is well he farms and self-evident .ire sufficient evidences rtonville, ninety- Nashville, where & Ohio crosses es marked that he is region. Long trains of '■black diamonds" lie at the sidings, the coal shafts are to be seen, and as the train whizzes through the cuts, the black strata are visible, pressed between the grav shale and rock. Henderson is fifty miles further on. It is a large, well-built town and a center of trade for all the countr\- round. Here the new bridge, spanning the Ohio river at Henderson, Ky., is one of the finest structures of the kind in the country. Its length proper is 3,686 feet ; but the approaches, which are elevated on trestles to be above high water, will make its length in all four and one-sixth miles. The bridge proper is con- siderably shorter than the Louisville and Jeflfersonville bridge, which is 5,220 feet long- but which is, with Its graded approaches, only 7.750 feet in length. The Henderson bridge has the longest triangular tni.ss- .sij.in in the world IkIwclii Uie central piers, which allows 525 feet clear channel for steamers. The bridge crosses the river from the center of the thriving cilv of Henderson, which has at present a population of alx>nt eight thousand, and which has Ijeen growing rapidl\- during the past three >'ears. Fonnerly the railroad conne- to add another building, four stories in height, which is connected with the old edifice, and is lighted with gas and heated b>' a common fire- proof furnace. This school has no sympathy with co-edu- cational ideas. It is pre-eminently a school for girls and everything in it is adapted to them and to their special educational needs. In this way the Faculty think that the best results may be obtained, and they bend all their energies in accomplishing this end. OME people," I observed to Bea after we had pretty thoroughly "done" Nash- ville, "find vers- little interesting in a modern, wide awake, live American town. I suppose they think they are too ever} -day ish, too new and all of a piece to have anj-thing in them worth seeing. Now, what do you think?" "I think Nashville is just too lo^ely. I don't know anjthing about till- ever\-dayishness, as you call it. but I am sure we have found it verj- mteresting. ' ' "Just too lovely" is a woman's expressive way of saying that some- thmg is delightfulh- charming, and Bea hit the nail on the head exactly with vL-ard to Xashvilk-. I suppose most tourists like ouisc \ es urst Msit the Capitol. As we walked up one of The hillv avenues leading to the building %se passed an old fashioned Southern house, with a great veranda upheld' by Corinthian piUais. There ^^as nothing particularly remarkable m the house, unless it was its venerable aspect, but in the garden in front was a marble monument. There was a great stone platform in the center of which was a huge white block of marble, while four beautiful carved pillars supported a massive roof. We gazed at it from the street, then entered the gate, above whose iron posts is perched the American Ea<'le and coming near the monument we read that " Beneath this .stone rests the body of James Knox Polk Tenth President of the U. S." This is engraved upon one side of the block in the middle of the platform, and upon the other side is an inscription brieflv .summarizing the life of the distinguished Tennesseean. This modest house was his home, where his widow still dwells, and he went from here to the White House. Here he returned to end his days and here in the ver>- .shadow of his own home and the State Capitol where he finst won distinction, he will sleep until the "heavens are rolled together as a .scroll." Then we passed on to the Capitol which crowns a high hill encircled b>- the city. It is a tremendously lar-e .stone edifice and ever%- side is the front. That is, there is no distinction, as each of the faces of the buildings is complete, and all alike have a high, pillared portico, which is reached by massive steps. Immedi- atelv about the Capitol is a prettv park, with wide flagged walks and occasional fountains, while on one of the lower levels, for the park is arranged in a series of rising plateaus, is a statue of Tennessee's most distinguished son. also a President of the United States, Andrew Jackson. It is an equestrian statue of "Old Hickor>-. 'and it is identically like his statue on Pennsvlvania Avenue, Washington, and the one in Cathedral Square, New Orleans In fact all three statues were cast in the same mold. It is fitting that the statues should be in Naslu-ille where he sensed his State in various capacities ; in New Orieans, which he so successfully defended in the war of 1812 • and in Washington where he governed the nation and uttered the famous words which have since become historical : "The Union must and shall be preser^'ed ! " This is the thrilling sentence engraved upon the pedestal above which the hero's steed is rearing in a very warrior-like .style. "Ainln.\v l<)i>ks vi.T\- miK-li as if hu was j^oin^r t<> slip over liis horse's tail," said Hea, as she L-xaiiiined the statue. "llusiil" 1 exclaiiiieil ; "that is a work of art. ' "Well, it looks that way, anyhow," she replied, with a woinan's inborn persistence. And while speakiny; of the most famous of Tennessee's sons, it is well to pause before his statue, in the shadow of the Capitol, and take a hurried glance at his career and the growth of Nashville in and since his life-time. He came here in 17S8, as public prosecutor of the Superior Court of the Western District of North Carolina. (Tennessee then had no separate existence.) He was a young man, having just passed his twenty-first birthday, and Nashville was a wild frontier settlement, wliich was daily menaced by hostile Indians. It was in facl nothing but a collection of log ctbins, with one larger and more commodious than the rest were. Court was held, and it took its name from one Nash, an early settler, whose dwelling stood on one of the high blufTs overlooking the town. As yet the territon*- was only a district of North Caro- lina ; and there is a tradition that when the convention met at Kno.wille in 1796, to frame a constitution for the State of Tennessee, Jackson ])roposed that the newly-made member of the Union should bear the name of the river flowing through it. Certain it is that before that time the territory was never railed by that name, and Jackson may as well have the credit for its felicitous title as any one else. As public prosecutor Jack.son was a success. And it required a man of nerve and vigor to bring criminals to justice. In the first place all the western counties of North Carolina were in a state of anarchy, resulting from the ill-starred attempt to set up the independent vState of Franklin ; and then the constant warfare between the whites and Indians made men reckless of human life and regardless of the rights of others and the duties of civilization. But Jackson had been bred among frontiersmen : he was one of them and he knew how to manage them. He made a name for himself, and was sent as the first representative to Congress. In 1797 he was made a Senator to fill an unexpired term, and but a year later he resigned. Almost immediately he wa-> made Jud.ge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee (Jackson believed in holding ofiices, and plenty of them), and in iSoi he was elected Major-general of the State Militia. It was this last position which gave him the opportunity to make himself famous. When the second war with England broke out he offered his services; and in 1813 he set out for New Orleans at the head of two thousand five hundred enthusiastic frontier volunteers. He was ardent in the undertaking, and glowingly wrote to the Secretary of War that his men were not troubled with "constitutional scruples," but would, if directed, plant the American eagle on the walls of Mobile, Pensacola and St. Augustine, the main Spanish strongholds in this country. The first important action in which he was concerned was in the attack on the murderous Creek Indians at Hickory Ground, which is at the meeting of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. The red men were origin- ally defeated, and afterward Fort Jackson was erected on Hickory (Irouud, which may perhaps account fof the Oeneral's popular nickname. vShortly after this brilliant exploit Jackson was made a major-general in the regular army, and from this time his career may be said to have begun. The Government at Washington was badly demoralized, the capital itself had been captured by the British, and Jackson could neither get assistance nor orders. He marched to Mobile, defeated the Eugii.sh who fled to Pensacola. He followed them, stormed the town which the .Spaniards surrendered after a weak resistance, and then he hurriedly marched to New Orleans. The story of the battle of New Orleans is known to every school-boy ; and vet loyal Americans, who take delight in their country's glories, are never tired of hearing it again. The English blundered, and their two divisions fired into each other; then they attacked Jack.son's hastily-built breast-works of sand and cotton bales, and found that their cannon balls were powerless to batter them down. The red coats advanced in long lines, and every shot the frontier soldiers fired brought its man ; while the ammunition of the British was fired either into the air or the cotton bales. In brief, the mag- nitude of the victory is summed up in the statement that the British lost two thousand killed and wounded, while the Americans had six killed and seven wouuded. Instanth- Jackson was the popular hero — his praises were in the mouths of all. Well might he have said, after Byron's egotistical style, that he marched away from Nashville unknown, and marched back to find himself famous. In a little more than ten years he was President of the United States. He was chosen as the champion of reform, though exactly what needed to be reformed is very hard to tell. But he set energetic- ally about what in modeni phrase would be "turning the rascals out ;" and he made removals and appointed his political friends to place and power in a manner wliich caused the heads of the sober-minded, slow- going statesmen of the day to spin. "To the victors belong the spoils" was his maxim: and ever since his administration it has rung through American history with a continued protest from the party that is on the outside. This principle has been carried out by the Democrats and Republicans ; and it is only in these later days that civil service laws and the plan of competitive examinations threatens to do away with the time-honored spoils system. During the first year of Jackson's tenn as President he removed four hundred and twenty -nine postmasters and two hundred and thirty-nine other officers, and. as the new apix)intees changed all their clerks, deputies and attaches, it is estimated that nearly three thousand oflice- ho'idcrs lost their places. Up to that time the civil service had been looked upon as only moderately profit- able, but a safe and permanent occupation. Washington, during his two tenns as President, only removed nine persons from office; John Adams ten, and one of these was a defaulter; JeflTerson, thirty-nine; JIadison five, and three of the.se were short in their accounts ; Monroe nine, and John Quincy Adams two, both for cau.se. Then came Jackson and his ideas about office-holding and office-holders, which were startling innovations. From 1787 to 1829 there were 74 removals from Federal office. "Old Hickorv-" beat this record in a month. After his inauguration the capital saw what has since become a very familiar sight— an invasion of hungr>- office-seekers. They came in vast numbers, and their claims for place were based upon the fadt that they had been "workers" in the cause and deser^■ed all that party success could give them. This was the view that the President took of the matter, and his friends never had to complain that their services were not recognized and rewarded. Naturally, the administration strengthened itself wonderfullv, and Jackson was never more popular— among his admirers— than when his first term came to an end. He was enthusias- tically re-elected, and four years later was able to name his successor— Van Buren. In 1836 he returned to Nashville, after having been Chief Magistrate of the nation for eight jears. He was received with all possible marks of attention and affection. His home was the "Hermitage," a country place about nine miles cast of the city; and it became the Mecca for political pilgrims. Up to the day of his death, in 1S4S, he was bothered and pursued b>- office-seekers, who wished to obtain letters of recommendation from him. And his body still rests at the Hermitage. The tomb is of white marble, made after the style of the Roman Temple of \esta, which stands immediately adjoining the old house. Bea and I made a pilgrimage to the spot and found that it was a vastly enjoyable visit. Eversthing about the place is as Jackson left it ; some of the old servants are still there, while the relics are innumerable, and all of them are interesting. "This is really as good as going to school and learning American history," said Bea, after I had told her this long story about Andrew Jackson. In fact the man who goes over the L. & N. with his eyes open finds that he runs across a good deal of the most interesting American historj-. And speaking of histors-, Nashville saw some very exciting scenes during the late war. It was in 1862, and General Albert Sidney Johnston occupied the city with his army. Young, brave and chivalric, he was immensely popular, and the personal magnetism of the man drew many to his side of the struggle. All was going well, and the soldiers were reveling in the delights of city life. Suddenly came the news that Fort Donnelson had fallen, and Grant, with his overwhelming army, was on the march to Nashville. Instantly Johnston withdrew, adjourning the Legislature to meet in IMem- phis. The day was Sunday, yet the churches were empty, while the streets were filled with excited crowds. The property of those preparing to flee was piled on the sidewalks, and by and by the throng degenerated into a plundering mob. It was a terrible time, and law gave place to anarchy. Then Grant came, martial law was temporarily declared, and Andrew Johnson was made JMilitars- Governor of the State. The City Council refused to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, and the Governor, enraged, at once removed them from office. The mayor was also obstinate, and he was summarily arrested. But what need to enter into details? That is all over, thank heaven! Let us return to the live, energetic city of to-day— a city filled with fresh, live blood, and teeming with cnterpri.se, and which is in every way representative of what writers call the "New South." Like all other visitors, we greatly admired the splendid proportions of the Capitol. As I said before, it is a noble stone structure and its corridors and halls are all of stone. The Supreme Court happened to be in session when we made our visit, and we entered the Court room and saw the venerable judges sitting in a row, while lawyers and litigants were ranged around. But the most interesting place in the Capitol is the Library where is stored the collection of curios of the Tennessee Historical Society, and here the visitor can .spend hours profitably and pleasurably. There are all kinds of interesting things to be seen from Daniel Boone's rifle, to the rough hickory chairs with which Andrew Johnson began housekeeping. Then there are battle flags, tattered and torn with many a long campaign, and ever>- one of them has a hi.storj-. • I think these old silk dresses of the pioneer mothers of the vState are more interesting than the flags," observed Bea. with a shocking lack of patriotism for which I .sternly reproved her. But tile flags tell a stor>- of their own and beneath their folds are ranged the portraits of many of the famous men of Tennes.see. One of the pictures which catclies the visitor's eye is that of Parson Brownlow. who during the war and immediately after it was as much hated as he was loved. He was a Knoxville, Tenn.. editor at the outbreakinig of the war, and was a great I'nionist and fiery Abolitionist. He made his paper a compound of lightning .'ind brimstone, and very naturally he was prai.sed on the one hand and unstintedly abused on the other. After the war he was made Oovenior of Tennessee, and it was while at the head of the State Cioveni- inent that his picture was painted and hung in the Library. There are always a number of men, usually lawyers, here consulting books, and there is a hushed air about the place as in a church and the visitor goes about with muffled steps. When at last we had exhau.sted the curio.sities of the Library we climbed up the lofty stone stair- case leading to the Cupola. I .say climbed, for it is a veritable climb. "It reminds me of going up Bunker Hill Monument," I said as we toiled round and round mounling the top. " Oh, dear," sighed Bea, " why don't they have an elevator? " But the climb is well repaid by the glorious view that breaks upon the eye of the visitor from the toj). Na.shville lies at his feet, even the church spires being far beneath him ; in the distance the tawny stream of the Cumberland divides the landscape, while all around the horizon is closed by the jagged hills. " On nearly all ofthe.se hills," said one of the officers of the building who had accompanied us, " are the remains of earth-works and fortifications. During the war Xashville was fairl\- circled with rifle pits, batteries and forts. And part of the time there were gun boats on the river. The fighting hereabouts was desperate and determined. " " Many of the old soldiers are still living here ? " I asked. "Oh, yes, the town is full of old soldiers. I'nion and Confederate, living next door to each other like brothers. People up North have to come South to realize how thoroughly the war is over and its savage memories forgotten. The country- all around Nash\ille during the war was made desolate, but now >ou would never know that battle and fire had ever done their work." To the South we could see the red brick buildings and si)acions grounds of \"anderbilt University, a wonderfully flourishing institution which was founded and endowed by the late Commodore \'anderbilt. And now let those who say that railroad kings and millionaire monopoli.sts. as they call them, never use their money for the public good, be still. To the South-ea.st is the University of Xashville, and lo the West rise the stately buildings of Fisk University. This is for colored men. " That's Jubilee Hall," said our escort, as he pointed to the larger of the buildings of Fisk University. "Jubilee Hall !" exclaimed Bea, smilingly. " That name strikes most visitors as mighty peculiar. Vou see part of the money to build it was raised by the Jubilee Singers, and that's how it got its name." There can also be .seen the Tennes.see Penitentiar\-, which Bea and I afterward visited and enjoyed as much as a Penitentiary can be enjoyed, and the Custom House and Post OlTice. a splendid new structure. " This is a grand view," was all Bea said after drinking in the heaut_\- of the scene, and her words are as full of meaning as a chapter. In going about the business portion of Xashville one realizes more than ever what a great city it is, and how varied are its industries. It is the distributing point for an immense territory and yearly it is extending its trade and increasing its manufactories. Xo one can ever accuse Xashville of being behind the times. The city is progressive, and is metropolitan in every thing. It is a very closely-built town, and has more the air of the North than the South— that is, the buildings are not detached and have no suggestion of Grecian architecture about them. One of the finest -structures is the new post oflice, which is as charming and beautiful as can be imagined. It stands "at the top of quite a ridgy hill, and its lofty situation adds materially to the architectural effect. Here it is, in the after- noons, that the Nashville young ladies come on a promenade; and one man who would dare to suggest that they are not altogether lovely has not yet been born. " But, as a matter of fact, the new post office, which contains the other Federal ofiices, is exceedingly convenient and well arranged. Few Government buildings in the country make a better showing ; and it was built within the amount appropriated by Congress. But I must not forget to say that before Bea and I left Nashville we took a hurried trip to the Meade Farm and saw the blooded stock. There are some famous horses here, and elsewhere about the city are great stock forms. Buyers come from all over the countPi' and the stockman can find what he wants, be he ever so particular. of the most noticable things in connection with the L. & N. is the great number of colleges and seminaries along its line. Al- K most everj' town has a college and thei- sm are universally institutions of worth and __^ standing. Of course the most noted among them is N'anderbilt University it \ -ish\ die w hich is not only known Ihunuhout Tennessee and the South, but throughout the entire country. The site of the Lni\ersit\ is magnificent. It has se\e^t^ fixe acres of land on gentU rising ground to the w-est of Nash\ ille -md the elevation IS the same as that of Capitol L-**^ Hill Bj far the most strik- ing feature of the landscape seen from the top of the Capitol, is the Universit>- and the rk-like campus lich stretches . •„-=-=.„ .-.-, -iround it, and while the mlw from this lottx "coign of vantage is grand, it is not distance alone which lends en- chantment to the vii. V for the nearer one preaches the more he reali/os the extent and beaut\ of the University grounds, and the substantial excellence and archi teCtural fitness of the building Above them all is the mair ture, or University Hall, grand entrance on either side rise two massive towers. Then there are Wesley- Hall, a building of splendid proportions which is used for the Theo logical Department; Science Hall with its \aku.d museums, drawing and lecturing room^ whik in the basement is the steam plant which heats all the buildings. The obser\'ator\- is the best in the South and the apparatus is very fine. The me- ridian-circle room occupies one wing, with the usual roof and horizon shutters. The equatorial pier, built on a .solid rock foundation, extends to the floor of the dome, free from connection with the building, where it receives the cast iron base of the equatorial mountings. The dome is hemispherical, and revoh-es on a cur\'ed track, the motion being easily imparted by a traveling hand-gear. By means of a light windlass the shutter is opened by sliding it through the zenith. A tower in the north wing, with a revolving turret, V.\NDERBn,T UNIVERSITY. is occupied by the geotklic altaziinutli instrument. An electric clock in the tower, for use with this instrument, is connected by wire with the Uent sidereal clock in the meridian-circle room. A lower north window is provided with an exterior shutter-cage for the meteorological in.struments, while the computing-rooms are on the first floor. The gymnasium has not yet been mentioned nor the nine Professors' houses, which are located about the grounds, to comply with the conditions of convenience and taste, and an equal number of dwellings for the Janitor, Superintendent of Grounds, and other employees of the I'niversity. Then the Medical and Dental Colleges are in Nashville, making altogether as complete and lhun>u.i;li an educational institution as can be found in America. A word or two alxjut the history of the college may not be out of plaee. It was founded in 1873, by the late Conielius Xanderbilt, of New York, who on the 27th of March in that year, made it a gift of $500,000, which was soon afterward increased to §1,000,000. Seven years later Mr. William H. X'anderbilt made a special donation of $150,000, which was expended in building Wesley and Science Halls and the Gymnasium. But this is not Mr. W. II. Vanderbilfs only gift, as in July, 1.SS3, he gave $100,000 which was to be added to the pennanent endowment of the University. Thus, through the munificence of one family this splendid l"niversit>' has been finnl_\- established and its future greatness has been put beyond the shadow of a doubt. It is growing and flourishing, and as an indication of its influence it may be stated that last vear no less than 499 students were enrolled at the University, coming from twenty-five States of the Union and from Anuenia, China, Kngland, Gennany and wScotland. The great attention which is being paid to education is one of the features of "the New South." There was a time when the sons and daughters of Southern families were sent abroad to be educated, but now this is no longer the case. There are excellent colleges and schools at home, and the South is doing its own education. We were not at all willing to leave Nashville when the time came for our departure, and as the train slowly steamed out of the cit\- we kept our eyes fixed upon the lofty and beautiful Capitol, until a sudden bend and a high embankment hid it from our sight. Just beyond the city we crossed the tracks of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis R. R., and then we went on at the usual lightning express speed. Twenty miles south of Nashville is the old and .solid town of Franklin, in front of which runs the stream, nig Ilarpeth. The place has a substantial air of repose about it, and it is po.sse.s.sed of two colleges. ' There are cotton bales piled up at the depot," said a fellow traveler as he pointed to a great barricade of them, which were delivered here from the faniis where the cotton grew. In fact we had'fairly entered the great "cotton belt," and as we proceeded South, cotton fields, a strange sight to Northeni e3-es, grew more and more frequent. " Cotton is King," said Bea, as we whizzed by a cotton field much larger than usual. " Yes," put in a fellow touris-t, "but corn, wheat and tobacco, and in fact iron and coal are all members of the ro\al family, and each is striving for the supremacy. " But cotton is King," persisted that obstinate sister of mine. " Well, perhaps," said the other. " Certainly it is more king now when it is made into cloth and thread right here in the factories of Nashville, than when it had to be shipped across the ocean to make it useful." Another twenty miles and the famous old town of Columbia is reached. " Here it was," said I to Bea, " that President Polk began life. He started as a lawyer and his oflfice was in a delapidated old log cabin, the picture of which is to be seen in the State Library of Nashville." Columbia is a very old place and it has a reputation for business enterprise as well as for its educational advantages. The Athenaum and the Columbia Female Institute are both situated here, and if the tourist is as fortunate as Bea and myself were, he will see a crowd of red-cheeked laughing girls at the depot, awaiting the arrival of one of the companions. At this point the Nashville and Florence R. R. starts off for Mt. Pleasant !* This is, or was originally, a German colony, and it is named for its founder. A few years ago and it was like much of the rest of the country adjacent, bare and unimproved, but now it has been made to blossom as the rose. In fact it is a pretentious little city witli a Cuiiit Il.nis. . dmn In-, li-bN, imiK, faaorics of various kinds, a potter\-, and even that invaluable adjundt of modern civilization — a brewery. Its houses are models of neatness and comfort, and almost invar- iabh" thej- are surrounded with beds of flowers. This is the place for the emigrant and the stranger to the iron and coal country to get his first impres- sions of the locality. South of Cullman's the coun- try is rough and wild, and the track goes through mountain gorges and pretty valleys. Then all at once, in the very midst of the mountainous up- lands, we come to I^Iouqt Springs, which is four hundred and sev- enty miles from Cincinnati, and one hundred and sevent}--five miles from Nashville. Here are the finest sulphur and mineral springs in America, invaluable in the cure of certain diseases The air is a bracing tonic , and there are beautiful and romantic walks and drives without num ber, which invite to out door exercise, and assist matenalh in the up-building of the ph} s ical man. The people of the Gulf Coast and of the South generally come here in num bers, and the number of the Northern visitors is steadiU increasing. Hotel and cottage accommodations are all that the most fastidious could desire It is no barren wilderness; but all that makes life pleasant abounds, and the society is alvva^•s of the best. It is to be remembered that not the invalid alone comes to Blount Springs, but the mere pleasure seeker and inquisiti\-e tourist as well. The springs bubble up from their eternal reser\-oirs in the hills, not far from the hotel, and their rocky basins are shaded by forest trees. "These springs," remarked a healthy and robust-looking invalid to Bea, "are great institutions. I am the living embodiment of 'after taking;' but if 3-011 had seen me 'before taking,' you'd have thought I was the living skeleton escaped from some dime mu.seum." "Not so bad as that," I put in. "Well, not quite as bad, of course; but I was really nothing but skin and bone. The rest, the fare and the waters have built me up. I drink several gallons a day ; in fact, I am a regular old toper, and take my drinks as regularlv as I take my meals, and a deal oftener." S.iXD MOUNTAIX. The waters nrc especialh- good in all troubles of the kidneys, bowels, liver, and the complications growing from them. They absolutely drive away a bad complexion and make rosy cheeks and velvet skin more pennanent than all the "Lily White" and " Hloom of Youth" which ever was invented. As I remarked previously, the surroundings of Ulount Springs are beautiful. The .scenery is charm- ingly varied, and among the attractions of the locality is even to be numbered a trout stream. Within a few miles are a number of extensive caves, rich with stalactites and ponderous staglamites, and one of them has ,1 mysterious undergroiiud stream flowing silently through its dark recesses. The "blowing .spring," which is only a mile distant from the hotel, is always interesting. South of Ulount Springs the evidences that this is a great mining country increase. Coke ovens and smelting furnaces are frequent, while great piles of coal and reddish iron ore are at the railroad switches awaiting shipment. Even the soil is red with the superabundant iron : and when it rains the water rushing down the hillsides is almost vennillion. The evidences that the earth is being made to yield up its treasures increase, until at last we rcich •»K I^irrninpham »<■ the very center of the iron and coal interests of Alabama. "\Vh\!" ob.served Ika. after we had had a good look at the "Magic City." as they call it; Hinningham looks more like an Ohio town than a Southeni place." And, in fact, Birmingham is not distinctively Southern in its architecture. It is almost entirely Vmilt of brick, many of the business blocks and residences being as fine as can be found anywhere : and there is an air of settled prosperity and push about the city that impresses the new-comer. Binningham has not only a great present, but it is certain of a magnificent future. No wonder it is called the "Magic City." At the clo.se of the war it hardly had an existence. Now it is a city, and its population and wealth is more than doubling every five years. All about it is an abundant supply of iron, coal and timber; and the iron and coal do not lie deep in the bowels of the earth, as is the case with the English mines, but it everj-where crops up above the surface. As one old miner said: "It is visible to the naked ej-e." The story that a man can take a pick, shovel and wheel-barrow, and go out in the backward and dig out his supply of winter coal, is literally true. They tell a little incident here that is characteristic. An Eastern capitali.st had purchased a large tract of land near Birmingham, and he came South to look at it. "Why," he said to the seller, "I thought there was a mine npon it 1" , "Oh, that's all right," responded the other. "Here, JohnI" and he called his son: "go and di.scover three or four coal and iron mines for this gentleman." This is not as big as it .seems at first sight, for the hills which encircle the cit\- are actually filled willi iron and coal. The veins of coal in the neighborhood are from one to eight feet thick, and the quality of the article is unexcelled. Side by side with the iron and coal is found the purest and best limestone, while the hills above are clothed with the finest timber in the land. With such a wealth of resources, it is little wonder that Birmingham has so increased. On account of its great rolling mills, furnaces, foundries and machine-shops, it is sometimes called the Pittsburg of the South ; and I think that its marvelous growth and enterprise demand that it also be called the vSouthem Chicago. A branch railroad runs from the town to the famous Pratt mines, which turn out nearly two thousand tons of coal per day. The L. & N. has on this line of road a grant of 517,000 acres — all of it splendid mining land — scarcely a third of which has yet been touched. Those who know told nie that land in Pennsylvania, which would cost hundreds of dollars per acre, can be purchased here for a mere song. The L. & N. holds its land for sale, and, as it wishes to attract capital to the spot, its demands are extremely modest. It is here that the Northern visitor will, in all probability, first feel that he is in the genial .South. When we left Cincinnati it was cold and everything was frozen luinl, while here the air was balmy and s])nng-like. Bea was compelled to lay aside her jacket, and she even wished that her heav\- winter gown could be changed for one of lawn. Beyond Birmingham the road runs through a beautiful country. It is very much broken up, and there is much to see that is decidedl\- novel. The pine woods have a spicy fragrance about them, and the ground beneath is as smooth as velvet. "I would give a great deal to take a stroll through the woods and walk on the pine needles," said Bea. But the train rushed on and she must be satisfied to use her eyes alone. At Oxmoor, six miles bej-ond Birmingham, are two large iron furnaces, and in all of the ])laces hereabouts are smoking furnaces and great saw mills, with their miniature mountains of sawdust and broken boards. "I don't think anyone ever told me I had a great head for business," Bea obser\ed as we passed an unusuallj- huge .saw mill with a tremendously high pile of broken boards; "but I do believe that there is enough lumber wasted down here to make my fortune, if I could sell it for kindling wood up North. If I ever have to earn my own living, I think I shall start a kindling wood agency and grow rich." "(Vreat head! great headl" I say, and Bea proceeds to dilate upon the feasibility of her .scheme. Brock's dap lies beyond Oxmoor, and through it we enter the Great Cataba Iron Basin, a region of unlimite- gold hunters may not flock here, hungrj- for wealth, by the thousands ; and the quiet banks of the Coosa be whitened by the tents of the treasure seekers. Among the fine.st buildings of the "Magic City" is that of the First National Bank— a jjjk ^A handsome brick strucftnre with stone facings. This is the pioneer bank of this locality ; l[^PM». •• and its steady growth and permanent success are tj-pical of the progress of the ^k'v \ /jttjjL, region. When the banking house was put up nearly fourteen \cais a-o it stood ^■^ \\f ^■V' jj^ yjg middle of an old field — now it is surrounded by fine Iniildin-s, while at all times can be heard the busy hum of the great iiiaiuifac- tories which are making Birmingham rich and famous. The institution was originallj- charted Nov. 27, 1872, as the National Bank of Binningham, with a capital of only $50,000. Its business increased rapidlj- and the need of a larger capital w-as felt. This happy end was attained in 1884 by a con- ition with the City Bank, and the capital IS now $250,000, a quarter of a million of dollars. The busi- ness of this institution extends into all the adjoining counties, and its facili- ties for making collec- tions are unsurpassed. It is also well acquainted with the comniercia! standing of all business houses and information of this kind always at tiie grows more and bioken bv thickets of ser\ ice of its correspondents The present ofiicers of the Bank, aw \\ ho have done so much to make it a success, are. W. A Walker, Jr , Pres't John C. Henley, V -Pres't, W. J. Cameron Cashier, and E W. Linn, Assistant Cashiei Southward, and still southward, the counli \ more level, there being long stretchess of pine wood cane and hollj-, cheerful with its green leaves and brilliant red berries. (Occasionally we rush past a cotton or a corn field, and finally IMontgomery is reached, the Capital building looming high above the hou.ses in the distance. As the train rolls into the city we look down from the steep bluff, upon which the track is built, to the waters of the Alabama River. ->fs Montgonisry a<- It makes no dilTerence when the traveler nia^- arrive in ^Montgomery, he is sure to be received b},- a score or more of ragged, tattered colored boys, offering fruit or cakes for sale. They are queer little fellows and though they do not boast a single article of superfluous clothing, >et tlie garment or two which the\- do possess seems on the point of melting into thin air or vanishing into nothingness. "I do wish I could make one of those pinckaninnies stand still long enough to sketch him,' sighed Bea. But she is only an indifferent amateur artist, and the boys are such living examples of per- petual motion, that an instantaneous photograph is the only thing which would do them justice. Very naturally our allculion was at first taken up with looking after our baggage and observing the noisy little darkies. Hut we did not fail to note the beauty of our surroundings. The track is fairly upon the edge of a high blufl", which rises from the calmly flowing waters of the Alabama, and the river makes a great bend, so that the eye has a magnificent sweep. Almost at our feet was the steamboat landing, for the .Vlabama is navigable as far as Montgomery at nearly all seasons of the year. "If you notice these colored people," said a Southern gentleman whose acquaintance we had made upon the train, "you will see they are difierent from the colored folks you have up North. They are more tropical in the^r disjjosition and take life with more sunny ease and carelessness of the morrow, than their Northern brethren. In fact, you are fairly in what is called the "black lx;lt," which stretches across Mis.sissippi. .Mabnma and (ieorgia, and there are more colored people in it than in all the rest of the countrv put together. Sometimes we say down here that we have too many of tlicin, Inil tiuK- will in.ikc all things straight." "1 suppo.se," Bea questionlv asked, "that ne.irly all of the older colored people here were once slaves." "Yes, nearly all of them. Here in .Montgomery you can fiud .some almost perfect specimens of the old famil_\' servant, loyal and true-hearted they were, knowing nothing more in life, and having no other aim hut to faithfully serve their ma.ster and mistrc'SS. To many of them the Emancipation Proclamation had but very little meaning, and they have gone on .serving in the family to which they belonged without a thought of change. Hut of course that is not the way with the younger generation." And in addition to the multitudinous, and if the truth must be owned, generally lounging negroes, the obserxer can not fail to note that Montgomery is distinctively a Southern city. There is a gentle air of repose about its wide streets and shaded dwellings that is suggestive of long settled comfort and aristo- cratic breeding. The streets are magnificent in their width, while there are shade trees without number. In the business part of the city the stores and offices are like those in any other city, but the dwellings with their lofty pillared porticoes and large windows speak of the South. The visitor can take a carriage and be driven about Montgomery and its immediate vicinitj- and see much more in a short time than he possibly could hope to do on foot. That is what Bea and I done, and we were channed especially- when we found that our colored driver onlj- wanted a fair return for the drive, and did not demand all we ])()s- .sessed in the world, as is the case with our hackmen in Cincinnati. I was told that much of the water used in Montgomery was from artesian wells, and tliat they had been sunk there with e.xtraordinarj- success. I do not know whether it is the water from the artesian wells or not, but certain it is that Jlontgomery is a remarkably healthy place. It is al.so beginning to be a manufacturing as well as a commercial center. With unexhaustable coal and iron fields to the north of it, lumber all about it, and great cotton regions reached by its railways and the river, Montgomery mav aspire to anything. And its ])eople already realize the importance of its situation and are establishing new enterprises and reaching out in new directions. Our stay in Montgomery was necessarily brief— only over traiii.s — and once again we are speeding .southward. Before we had gone many miles tlie decided change in the flora and fauna showed we were really in another latitude and another and wanner climate. Indeed that latter fact was \er\- a])parenl. Spanish moss begins to hang in greenish-gray masses from the trees, looking .strangefully soft and light as it swayed in the wind. "This is the forest primeval," began a j'oung lady in the scat back of iis, and then slie went on, "with its ancient jiines and hemlocks, beared with moss." "She is trying to quote Evangeline, and say something about 'beared with mo.ss,' whispered Bea." "Yes," I replied, "they all do it. Down here every tourist regards it as a religious duty to say something about ' beared with moss, stand, indistinct in the twilight, like Druids of old, with voices sad and prophetic;' just as up in the Michigan woods, the summer visitors all say this is the forest primeval. They all think they have struck a bran new quotation." "It is verj- amusing," said Bea, and then both of us kept .still and looked out of the window, for the young lady suddenlj' relapsed into silence and we feared that she had overheard us. But there was not only the Spanish moss to show that we were down South ; there were cave breaks in the hollows, tangles of holly and laurel, magnolias and palmettos, with occasional oaks and always pines. Indeed, very soon the pines seemed to have driven everything else out. and to have monopolized the land, for it becomes one va.st pine forest. Greenville, forty-four miles from Montgomery, is (juite a place, and numbers among its other advant- ages, two female colleges. The pine woods seem endless, and beneath the ground was soft and brown with the pine needles. Ivvergreen, which is eighty-one miles from Montgomery and si.x hundred and eighty -one from Cincinnati, seemed particularly well named. Ten miles further south is Castleberry, where are I'anther and Murder Creeks, two streams of some pretentions, and down them are floated logs and lumber rafts to Pen.sacola. It was here that an old gentleman, a native of the region, came aboard the train and sat down opposite us. Bea was commenting on the unpleasant names of the two creeks. "I don't .see," .she obser\-ed, "why they didn't find some prettier name tliaii Mnider Creek. Us awful, isn't it?" " Rather suggestive," I replied. "Thar is a heap more pretty names than Murder Crick," continued put in the venerable old man on the opposite seat, who immagined that mv sister's remark was addressed to him, 'but then this here crick is named for cause, for cause." "And what was the Bta, whose sense of propriety was evidently utterly absorbed by her curiosity. "That crick, long 'fore I was a boy," said the ancient stranger, "used to be called Turpentine Crick; and thar' lived on it a squatter, who, 'long with his dogs and his cattle critters, had a darter She was a mighty purty girl, I reckon; and nearly all the young fellars in this here section kinder thought she was the purtiest thing on earth. But she jist went on a-helping her man in the house— a log cabin I reckon it was— and milking and making herself ginerally useful ; and she never let on that she knowed she ■ out of the gincral run or that the \oung felk was tr\ing to shine u]) to Ikt and she ne\er said iiDtlun., in tlii. \\ u ol tln-iii Viul wliLn th' .oui igLiuLiit to d ,,0 to the old e was an^- way purtv J^^ Sl\\\ SOI TH man, and ask for her, he'd always say: 'All right! Whichever on' you gets her, has her. \\-hichever on' you gets her, has her, he'd say. Thar' was one likely young fellar in the neighborhood-his name was ^r'la- T,, disremember-and he follered her round purty nigh on to all the time; but she jist treated him like all the rest, and all the old man would say to him was: 'Whichever on' vou gets her has her.' if; ?!,"l' TZ°" u ■ '"' ^'"'^ ^''" '"'""^ >°"' ^"^ ^" '^^ time the girl got purtier and purtier. But I didn t start m with no intention of talking until we get to Mobile, whar' I get off, and so I'll kind of hurry up. Well, bime by thar' came along a sur^-eyin' chap-one of them fellers that blazes the trees and ays off the country- into squares-and the girl fell dead in love with him. This voung feller, Ross told the sur^•eyln chap to pack up his things and git. But I reckon he didn't intend to be bossed, and so he stayed ;^ and he made love to the girl, while the old man jist said; 'Whichever on' vou gets her, has hich got her.'" said Bea, who, I suppose, was growing tired of his rambling tale. One day the sur\'eyin' chap was found dead in the crick, with nigh^onto twenlv That's the cause of calling it Murder Crick." •And "Neither on buckshot in his breast. •But whom did the girl marry?" "Well, the feller Ross was never heard of after that, and so she didn't marr>' him; and she couldn't anyway, because she was dead." "Dead!" echoed Bea, aghast at the tragic talc. "Yes'm. she went and drowned herself in the crick." Then Bea was silent, and the aged passenger from Castleberry looked mouniful, as though the story had been too much for him; and finall>- he arose and went into the smoker, leaving us in blissful ignorance as to how I'anther Creek come by its name. «« PsrjsaGola Junction 5>i<- Seven hundred and nineteen miles from Cincinnati, and si.\ty-one miles from Mobile. Here it is that the road to I'ensacola, Florida, leaves the main track, and the through cars for Florida are switched off. It is not much of a town ; there being merely a depot, a hotel, a half dozen stores, several saw mills and a number of houses. The tourist sees more railroad tracks than anything else; and if he is not going to Florida— unfortunate man— he can console iiimself by the thought that the orange State lies but a few miles to the eastward. -Kj PsnsaGola. Flori^Ia »<• It is a very short run on the Ivlkti N. from IV-nsacola Jui\ctioii to I'ensacola. ans been a grave historical question, and an English fleet in the Bay destroyed Forts San Carlos and Santa Rosa, and Santa Rosa Island. It was not until 1S19 that the territory was ceded to the United States, and in 1845 the State of Florida was admitted into the Union. "That is quite a chapter of history-," said Bea, when I had finished my narrative. And we found it hugely interesting to visit the old Spanish forts and fight the battles of two centuries over again. Across Pensacola Bay, a distance of four miles, is Warrington, where the Navy Yard is situated. I had seen the similar establishments at Washington and Norfolk, and Bea was delighted to learn that neither of them is as interesting as is this, not to mention the beauty of the surroundings. A landsman can spend days at the Navy Yard and never tire, while it has unfailing charms for the man of the sea. Ever>'thing about the place from the well kept lawns, war-like with piles of cannon balls and a field piece or two, to the docks and great work shops, is as neat as a pin. "It IS all in ship-shape order, I suppose a sailor would observe," commented Bea. After we had gone over the Nav\^ Yard, we strolled over to Fort Barrancas, which is immediateU- to the westward. Further on is the Pensacola Lighthouse, which Bea insisted on sketching becau.se it was so grace- ful and striking ; and further on are the ruins of Fort McRae. A historic old pile it is, with a wealth of memories clustering around its shattered walls. But those walls were not broken by man. They were built too strong for that. It was the work of the waters of the Gulf, which grad- ually supped the foundations. The visitor can find a great variety of shells here. One of the most delightful trips about Pensacola is to Santa Rosa Island. It is a long, narrow strip of sand which lies across the mouth of the Bay and shuts out the waring billows of the stonn-beaten Gulf The inhabitants call it a "sand- ke3-." It has a magnificent beach, where the finest surf bathing in the world may be enjo\-ed. The waves come rolling up the long, smooth white incline a hundred feet or more. This beach is the incubator of the great turtles of the Gulf Its gradual incline, the easily excavated sand beyond, and the wann southern exposure, adapt it to their approach, the making of nests and hatching of their eggs. So they resort to it for this purpose, and in due time the young turtles are hatched, unless the eggs are captured by various crea- tures, biped and quadruped, who seek them in the season. From Pensacola over to the Lsland is about seven miles, and as the land breeze of the night sets fair across the bay, it is a pleasant trip of moonlight nights to run over on a sail boat, land on the bay shore, walk acros.s the island, which is not a third of a mile wide opposite the city, and seek for "turtle crawls" on the Gulf beach, or bathe luxuriously in the surf The "crawl" shows on the sand where the under shell has been dragged along, and following this up to a pomt above the wash of the highest waves, the nest is found, usualh- about two and a half feet below the surface. A single nest will contain from one hundred to three hundred eggs. At Sabine Pass, on Santa Rosa Island, alligators are found by the ten thousand, and are killed in large numbers by the hunters who frequent the place. The fishing off the island is, as a veteran angler said, immense, and the Santa Rosa "red snapper banks" are known all over the South. I don't know whether it is pleasanter to catch red snapper or eat them, but certain it is that it is glorious, ner\'e-thrining sport to haul in the great, rosy fish almost as fast as }-ou can play j-our line. Then there is the gamely salt water trout and Spanish mackeral which afford excellent sport. Speaking of fishing I must not forget to saj- that fresh water fish abound in the net work of bayous, rivers and streamlets which surround Pensacola. There is as much genuine sport in catching them as in hooking fish in the waters of Northern Michigan, and you catch ten here to one there. All around excursions invite the tourist. Alter Saiila Rosa Island and a visit to Fort Pickens, conies a trip to Escambia Hay and the river of the same name. Then there is I'udido Hay which is only less lovely than Escambia Bay, though both are beautiful beyond description. A \-oyage up Escambia River which winds in and out with many a turn and convolution, is plea.surable. The little steamer in some places brushes through the foliage of the overhanging trees, and then again the shore is hugged so closely that it would be an easy matter to step from the deck of the moving boat to /tira fnina. But this is only one of many enjoyable excursions. West Florida abounds with uniquely beautiful places and scenery which is unequaled. The tourist may come here with great expectations, but he will find them more than realized. And for a trip through Florida there could be no better base of operations than Pensacola. In other parts of this book can be found a list of the F'lorida steamboat lines and railways, and the traveler will have no difficulty in selecting his route. Twenty different routes are open to him, and wherever he goes he will find this land of flowers and tropical fruits, this land of balmy breezes and genial sunshine, this land of health and physical well-being, attratflive and new. The Florida tourist is never dis- appointed. Thousands of people from the North have come here expecting to spend a week or two, and their stay has lengthened into months. The winter cottages in Pensacola, of many Northerners who spend half the year here, tell more forcibly than words of mine, the attracftiveness of this favored region. If the stranger wishes to follow in Bea's and my footsteps, he will take the Pensacola and Atlantic Rail- road to Chatahoochee, (which is pronounced with three sneezes and a shiver) thence to Tallahassee, capitol of the State, then east to Jacksonville, and down the St. John's River to Polatka and St. Augustine. That is a delightful trip. It takes one through the great orange country, and past the most characteristic Florida scenery. Then we returned via Cedar Ke\s and across the Gulf to Pensacola. We might have gone south to Key West and on to Havana, Cuba, which latter port is only five hundred and ten miles from Pensacola. Leaving Pensacola Junction the road runs through the same vast pine woods, and before long comes to Canoe. It is noted for its turpentine interests, and much capital and labor is employed in the manufacture of turpentine and rosin. Fortunes have been made in this business, and few Northerners have any idea as to its e.xtent. An ordinary turpentine facflory turns out between 5,000 and 10,000 barrels of rosin per year, and for each 5,000 barrels of rosin there are 800 barrels of turpentine. It must be remembered that a turpentine barrel is nearly twice as large as a rosin barrel. And now we go through a country that is very strange to our eyes. There are long stretches of level, marshy land where the vegetation grows luxuriantly thick and wild ; where pendant vines hang from tree to tree making tangled arcades ; but which are never traversed by the feet of man. Then comes a bit of higher ground, and the next moment the train is rumbling over an ann of the Mobile Bay, or over a river whose calm and sluggish waters seem to be drowsy. Tall rushes grow by their banks, unknown reeds lift themselves from the mud and the eminently tropical palmetto is everywhere. Gradually the country becomes a dead level, the smell of salt water comes to our nostrils and on and on until our train glides into Mobile. The City of Live Oaks, and it is rightly named. As soon as one leaves the busy commercial center of the city, the streets widen into magnificent avenues, shaded b\- long rows of the ever verdant live oaks, and lined with great Southern houses, reveling in veranda on veranda, and pillared portico on pillared portico. And the windows are so breezily open and the doors of such a generous and hospitable width that one feels that this must be the land of sunshine and flowers. At least Bea and I were very positive about it. Here the grass was a glorious green, and magnolias, figs and orange trees, mulberries and the umbella china were rich in their never failing foliage. But a few short days before in Cincinnati everj-thing was bleak and bare, and here seven hundred and eighty miles south, the winds bore with them the freshness of Spring, birds were singing and life seemed a delicious dream of light and warmth. Every year Mobile is becoming better known to the tourist. Those who are fleeing from the blizzards which blow with such icy fierceness from the snowy winter wastes of Dakota, here find shelter, balminess and all the comforts of civilized and urban life. There is the splendid "shell" road for driving, the Bay for sailing, theaters for amusement, and churches without number. And the delights of living are enhanced by the oysters from the Bay, which experienced and professional epicures pronounce to be par excellence. Of course Bea and I tried them, not once but often, and as I write of those delicious bivalves which go slipping down one's throat as though they enjoyed being eaten, I think of the song "Her sweet smile haunts me still." Those oysters still make mj- mouth water. Mobile is at the head of the Bay which bears its name, and here the Mobile River, a slow and sleepy stream, empties its waters. The Mobile Rirer, by the way, is quite eccentric. It is formed by the junction of the Alabama and a river which bears the remarkable name of Tombigbee, and after flowing south a few miles it divides, the eastern branch being called the Tensas, but before long the divided river again unites. The Bay is indeed beautiful, and a sail over its waves is delightful. I had been reading up on Mobile, and as we glided over the waters in front of the city, I told Bea the story of Iberville and his brother Bier\-ille. " They were Canadians," I said, "and nearly two centuries ago they left Canada, or New France as it was then called, and sailed down the Atlantic Coast into the Gulf to form a settlement on the Mississippi. They cr:pt along the coast until they came to Pensacola Harbor. There was a Spanish settlement here, and the Commander received them graciously enough but would not pennit them to land, so they sailed on until tliey readied Mobile Bay. They first landed on a large island on which they found piles on piles of bleached human bones. So they called it Massacre Island, though now it is known as Dauphine Island." •Were they white men's bones?" inquired Bea, interrupting my historical narrative. " Xo, I people from New Orleans spend their summers here, and the long beach is an admirable place for bathing, while there is the best of fishing off it. Peace and quiet seem to brood over the town, and the houses with theit massive white pillars are in themselves an invitation to rest and enjo>-nient. All around are the most delightful walks, and nature appears to have made the region especially for man's delectation. *« Pass Ghjristian Qr\A l^ay St. Iiouis ^'■ These are the great places of resort for the New Orleanites. They are two beautiful towns which lie on either side of Bay St. Louis, and thej- are, to use a happy Biblical phrase, " altogether lovely." Pass Christian is the unique town of all viniqne towns. The man who called it Shostringville was very felicitous in his description. It stretches along the (iulf for six miles, and is but one house deep. Villas and cottages line the landward side of the hard, smooth, shell road which is the delight and pride of the residents, while in front of nearly all the houses a long narrow wharf stretched from the shore to deep water. As a rule these whan-es end in either a boat or a bath house. Many of these villas are built with an eye to " style," while others were plainly constructed for "solid home comfort." In the evening the shell road is fairly alive with vehicles, and this is the great event of the day among those who are summering or wintering at the Pass. And what a drive it is ! The road is as hard as asphalt, and it is as smooth as a ball room floor. The horses actually find it a pleasure to put their '•best foot foremost," ami many are tlie good-natured races which take place, the drivers encouraged to bring out all the speed there is in their animals by the smiles of the beauties of the South. Happy and light are the hearts that beat at Pass Christian, and gay are the revels at the splendid Mexican Gulf Hotel. When the summer with its heavy heat lies drowsily upon New Orleans its people flock to this favored spot. This is a "Delicious land of lavish lights and floating shades." And when at even-tide the light fades out of the West and the waters of the Bay softly roll upon the sand, the dreamer can well imagine that this is a region of romance and the realities of the present go with the dying day, and he repeats : " Little breezes, dusk and shiver, This the wave that runs forever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot. Four graj' walls, and four gray towers. Overlook a space of flowers. And the silent isle embowers The Lady of Shalott." .Vs the light of day goes out the lights in Bay St. Louis begin to twinkle across the water, and from the windows of the hotel there streams i Hood of splendor. The town is very much like its neighbor. There is a shell road, the same long narrow wharves and bathing houses, and the same beautiful summer residences half hidden by the luxuriant foliage. The Ellen N. cuts directly across the mouth of the Bay, on a long trestle. "We're taking a ride on the water," exclaimed Bea, as we crossed it. And it looked ver}^ much like it. Looking out of the car windows water was to be seen on either hand, and we could not have more thoroughlj- felt that we were on the sea, "the glorious sea," if we had been taking a ride iu an ocean steamer. But what a glorious view it was ! Far awa}- extended the blue Bay until shut in by sand}' headlands crowned with pine. The waters of the Gulf sparkled in the sunshine, bright and beautiful To the West lay Bay St. Louis with its white houses and pretty church forming a picturesque ensemble, while to the East lay Pass Christian. Sails dotted the horizon, and light pleasure yachts were dart- ing in and out. He who has seen this scene in the glory of the sunshine can never forget it. Search where you will on the Atlantic Coast or on the shores of the Great Lakes, nowhere is there a spot so purely beautiful and so favored b}- bounteous nature as this. The tourist bent on pleasure will doubtless be .surprised to learn that Bay St. Louis is a place of some commercial importance. It possesses the onh- wollen mill on the coast, and carries on a trade in lumber of considerable extent. At the head of the Bay are a number of logging streams and the timber of course comes from them. Its population is between 2,500 and 3,000. It is juist fifty-two miles by the Ellen N. from Bay vSt. Louis to New Orleans, and a mar\-elous stretch of road it is. Joaquim Miller rode over it on a glorious afternoon in December, and was fired with its beauty and unique loveliness. Well he knew how to describe the region, when he wrote: "And we are dashing^ right gainst the sun as it falls into the sea. The Crescent City and the great river are fifty, forty, thirty miles away. Lagoons behind us, and bayous before us and right and left of us. Little clumps of oaks and ash and beech are springing up right and left from out the vast brown levels of marsh ; and men hunt here for deer, thirty miles from the city, and shoot ' canvas backs ' by the ship load. "On, on in the face of the falling sun. The sun is in the sea. Hut there is a conflagration of earth and of air. The heavens are illuminated. They know we are coming. There is a scene of conquest, of di.scovery, as we come near this olden city by the great river, all in the face of the burning heavens. Ah, don't you know that if this sunset, this scene, this water and this land, this air and illumination were in Europe, the writers there — upheld, countenanced, encouraged by the country— would lift them up in glory, so that all the world should be com])elled to come and see.'" I read Bea what Joaquim Miller said, as we djished on through the marshes and glimmering lagoons. "Ah!" said she, "it takes a poet to put in words what one feels." And as we pass over these \'ast swampy levels, through which the lazy bayous trace their way-like canals, we remark that if the landscape were but furnished with a wind-mill or two that it would lie remarkably like Holland. The railroad here is a wonder of engineering skill. The swamp is almost fathomless ; the black ooze everywhere being .soft and yielding. For nearly thirty miles the track is either built upon ponderous piles, driven deep into the unsubstantial mire, or upon embankments of sand. "It took a world of labor to make these embankments," said an old railroader to me; "and in .some places they are adlually boxed in to protecft tliem from the slow sopping of the water." Waveland, Toulme and Claiborne are successively passed, and at last we reach the Rigolets. The "Rigolets" is nothing else than a strait, or sluggi.sh water way, connecting Lake Bargne, which is off the Gulf of Mexico, and Lake Ponchartrain. Steamers going from Mobile and along the coast reach the rear of New Orleans by this route. It is a queer spot, and it is hard to tell whether the land or water predom- inates. So level is the locality that the tall reeds hide the bayous that wind their devious ways in and out among them, and the boats that slowly move either toward New Orleans or the Gulf, seem to be gliding along the land. Lake Catharine is simply a station, where in the season, sportsmen come to shoot water fowl. "This calls to mind," obser\'ed Bea, as she looked out upon the beautiful stretch of the Lake and then upon the land, which seemed to be more or less like the lake, "the poets 'water, water everywhere.'" "And not a drop to drink," I added, "for it is horribly brackish." Six miles further on is Chef Mentum, another water way to Lake Tonchartrain. It is only a stopping- place in the marsh and the passenger looks with curiositj- upon the little custom house, liuilt on piles and above which floats the revenue flag, with its bars running the wrong way, and an old-fashioned circular fort which the Ellen N. passes within a stone's throw. It is Fort Macomb, built long ago to defend the rear approaches to the Crescent City. But now no flag flutters from its flag-staff and no sunrise or sunset gun sets the echoes rolling. No garri.son is needed there in "these piping times of peace," and so no officers or men are e.xiled to this dreary spot. Life in such a place with its unvarying routine must have been monotonous enough to have made the soldiers wish for the comparative liveliness of the tomb. And how much more inexpres- sibly solitary it must have been before the railroad cheered the spot with its presence. It is not a great distance now to New Orleans, and the Ellen N. on this home stretch goes through a region as wild and tropical as in the most characteristic portions of Florida. Rugged, gnarled live oaks lift themselves from the half reclaimed swamp land and their every branch is draped with long gray .Spanish Moss. Pines and Cypresses are hidden by this mysterious plant of the air, and it veils the nakedness of their limbs and kindly hides the ravages of time. The watery wa.stes are filled with palmettoes, whose green bayonet-like shafts gleam in the sunshine, while beneath them the lazy alligator slowlj' crawls awaj' frightened bj- the thunder of the rushing train. "Lor' bless you, miss," said the porter to Bea, "there's more 'gators in dis here swamp than dere's people in Norf America. When the>- all done built dis railroad de 'gators was so plenjous dat dey used them for railroad ties. Solemn truf ! for de Lor", miss, for I'se seed 'em a thousand times." And Bea smiles in verj' evident doubt. But now Lee, Micheand and Gentilh' have been passed and houses begin to appear on the right and left. We are in the environs of New Orleans and the train slows up as it enters the city. On and on, however, past the strange looking houses and narrow streets, until at last the Mississippi, Father of Waters, bursts upon our e\'es and we see the nmltitudinous vessels that lie at the far extended whar\-es, we catch a glimpse of the bu.sy levee, and while all these new and unac- customed sights are still bewildering us the train stops. Our journey for the present is over. We are in New Orleans and we find as we leave the car that Ellen N. has kindly brought us right into the heart of the city and landed us at the foot of Canal Street, the great central thoroughfare of the place. eanA " You'll find New Orleans just like a foreign cit}-," said a lady at the hotel to Bea, • and you can see it without crossing the ocean and being dreadfully sea-sick." " And do you know what I told her?" obser^-ed ray sister when she afterward quoted the remark to me. ' ' No, what was it ? " " \V[\y, I said that riding on the Ellen N. to New Orleans and having a delightful time all the trip, was a great deal better than being sea-sick." But I must not wander away from the thread of my narrative to tell what we said, but what we saw. And If canal le Fre ch held swav, t; the west was the American quarter, and the long, tree-shaded promenade m ^"1" middle of the wide street was no man's land. Just now, however, th.s neutral ^-^d appears to la e been prettv thoroughlv monopobzed by the street cars. Every line m New Orleans, and by the waj Msitmg Bostonians, anxious to be minutely correct, call the cars "mule cars.' -f-Y'X^'.- 0--W starts on Canal street, and the cars alwavs beo-in and finish their tnp at the same place. There are little sentry- boxes in the middle of the street a tl^ croi nls and Bea and I were not long in finding that the men who occupied them were as good as fuide book 'Snal street," sagelv remarked Bea, "improves upon acquaintance. I never saw such a ftree? for shippiS and with the stores and windows all open so that yoi> can see everything there ,s to e 1 Then th^nk of he people we have seen, Americans, half a dozen different kinds. Frenchmen, Gennans Mexicli Spanrards taHans, and I don't know how many others." And I guess that it is a good street Mexicans, bpaniarcis, , ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ magnificent effects produced by distance, for for shopping, not to mention its splendid buildings and Bea dragged me into twenty stores where neither of us wanted to buy anjthing. I need hardly say that the first place wliicli \vc set oul lo visit in earnest was the Frendi Marki.t. \Vc had heard of it long Ixffore we had read tieorge \V. Cable's novels, still they had stirred our curiosity more than ever. To reach the market take a car on Canal street, or you can walk, as it is only aljont five squares from the Post Office. Were we disappointed.' No, the half has never lieen told. Of course, the market buildings are more or less like all such slni(5tures, except for their great si/e, but the diversified multiplicity of what is offered for sale is without a precedent, unless a score or two of Wandering Jews might get together, and fonning a pool, start an auction. The buyers and sellers are a study. "What in the world is there," I asked liea, ■llial can not In- hou-hl Ikix:' I ju.st saw a man .selling kid gloves, and I've noticed thai everything else thai ,i man miglil want for his toilet, from a pair of shoes to a silk hat, is for sale." "And I've noticed," she chimed in. "thai a woman might dress herself from top to toe, while you can furnish a hou.se, attic to cellar, not to mention the fact that there is almo.st enough food in sight to keep an anny for a week or two, and it includes all the 'delicacies of the season," as the papers say." And then the people! they furnish entertainment in themselves, and the mo.st careless observer finds something of interest from the old Indian woman— at lea.st they look old— who .sell reed baskets and gumbo, and on and on up to the prettiest and most modern French girl selling bon-bons. Ever>- visitor buys some- thing as a souvenir, and of course invests in fruit. Oranges and bananas purchased at the French market have a peculiar tropical sweetness, and really one never knows the real deliciousne.ss of Southern fruit until he goes South. Then, too, strangers must take a cup of cafe an tail, ore cafe iioir which, translated, means coffee with milk or black coffee. Bea said that the caf^ an lai I w-as about as bad as the coffee that our last new cook made, or rather tried to make ; but I found mine extremely palatable, while it was jolly fun to sit at one of the market tables and eat the fresh bayou oysters. Just oppo.site the market is Jackson vSquare and the Cathedral. In the center of the square is a statue of "Old Hickory," identical with the one we had already seen at Nashville. The square is a very pretty Park, filled with blooming tropical plants and shrubbery; while orange trees, yellow with fruit, shade the benches. Small, white shells fonn the paths which circle about the .square; and Bea was greatly taken with the children who romped around, chatting awa\- in French, and occasionally breaking out in English. "They play just like our Cincinnati children, ' remarked Bea, as though she had made an unlooked- for discovery. Then I went on to e.xplain that of cour.se they did, for Americans are Americans the world over ; and, my explanation finished, we strolled over to the Cathedral. It is a very old .stuccoed .structure, built in a semi-Spanish-Mexican style, and it .shows its age. We entered by the little side door, for the ponderous front doors are only opened on feast days and Sundajs. and were startled by the beaut>- of the interior. Here is some of the finest frescoeing and mural painting to be found on the continent. There is one especially fine piece back of the high altar. It is a picture of St. Louis; the good and gentle I/)uis IX. starting out on his last crusade. He is dressed in the garb of the Crusader, with the holy red cross upon his brea.st, his Queen stands by his side, while the nobles of his gorgeous Court and a brilliant array of Cardinals and prelates are ranged around. Then the pictures of the Apostles, heroic size, are most excellent. There was another church which we visited, and which the stranger should not miss seeing. It is the Church of the Jesuits on Baronne street, just a square from Canal ; and its elaborate interior decorations remind one of some of the splendidly ornamented halls in the Alhambra. But to return to the Cathedral. On either side is a characfteristically .Spanish building, whose heavj- pillared arcades are unique. The>- are used as Court Houses, and it seems very odd to see modem, nineteenth century notices of law-suits stuck over their ancient, seventeenth centurj- sides. Of course we rambled over the French part of the city and saw its beauties a-foot. All visitors see the French quarter on foot — that is, if they see it at all— for riding is simply an aggravation ; then, beside, ven,- few of the streets are wide enough to ride through, anyhow. "These houses are a never-ending surpri.se," said Bea, after one of these long rambles. "There are no duplicates, and each hou.se .seems to have been built on a plan of its own." I need not say that the result has been peculiar. The houses in New Orleans admit of everything; but one thing they must have, and that is, plenty of verandas. One veranda will not answer— there must be verandas on verandas and shaded balconies on shaded balconies. But, if the visitor is not wary, he will find that the channing bric-a-brac stores in the FVench quarter will utterly drain his pocket-book ; but, at the same time, the French restaurants will fill his stomach and make life .seem worth the living. The restaurants are intensely New Orleanish. The\- are not only one of the institutions, but one of the curiosities. You are ser\'ed a delicious dinner — the cooking being thoroughly and delightfully French — for fifty cents, and a small bottle of light wine comes with it. Dinner is not eaten until late in the afternoon, for here people .sen.sibly eat their heavy meal at their leisure, after the day's work is done, and the evening is given up to social amusement. Bea had somehow formed the idea that Lake Ponchartrain was a big, muddy pond, and she was ver\- much surprised on visiting it to find an inland lake, whose waters stretched awa\' until the sky closed down upon them. There are two places on the Lake which are to be seen. West End and Spanish Fort. To reach them take the dummy, or narrow gauge railway, that .starts on Canal .street above Carondelet. The fare is only fifteen cents. These two resorts are the Coney Island and Rockaway Beach of New Orleans. Here are magnificent gardens, rare trees, broad pavillions, great hotels; and in the sultry nights of .summer the people lUji. throng here by the thousands. They listen to the music, see a comic opera or comedv promenade through the grounds or gather at the tables and talk o\er their cream and lemonade, or it is perhaps something stronger. We found the ride to the lake very charming. The roads lead directtly through the •,wamps which environ New Orleans; and its distinctively tropical vegetation was grateful to our Northern eyes. On the return-trip from West End stop-off, at the cemeteries, it will cost nothing extra— -md take a stroll through them. It is hard to say whether the (.1(1 or new cemeterj- is the most interesting. Of course everybody kn.Avs the dead are buried in tombs above the ground; for if -ra\ LS were dug they would be filled with water even as the spade went down into the earth. Some of the tombs are more than a century old, and the epitaphs in French, you know, breathe a spirit of simple piety that is beautiful. The tombs and monuments in the new cemetery are more pretentious than those which were built earlier, and are more in keeping with modern ideas. We especially noted the tomb of General Albert Sidney Johnson— that brave South- ern soldier, who fell fighting at the awful battle of Shiloh— and the monuments to General Robert E. Lee and the Confederate dead. Many of these tombs are built like miniature Grecian temples. Others follow the lighter Gothic style of architecture ; while again others have been built according to the uncurbed fancy of the architedl. "I don't want to be sacreligious," obser\-ed Bea, as we passed beneath an orange tree in the new cemeter\ but some of these tombs are just fitted for the Romeo and Juliet stor\ You see that a young girl's fancv lighth turns to thoughts of love tales even amid the most solemn surroundings; and the en\iron ments of these cemeteries are most cer tainly solemnly mournful. All around the gloomy swamp shuts them in, while the hea\j with tall cedars and live oaks, drooping Spanish moss, close the vista. These bare trees are inexpressibly sad. Many are dead; yet the .M \(,N()i I vs. moss, which has sucked the sap of their life, still lives and flourishes. Where could a better emblem be found of that specter of which Coleridge speaks, Life in Death? And now we take the cars, a riding #ast beautiful residences and wide extended gardens— themselves worth visit, we are again amid the hum and bustle of Canal street. On :Mardi Gras and Christmas Eve this great thoroughfare, always interesting and attracts e is at its best. It is then superlative. Christmas Eve is observed by a grind imitation, or rather realistic representation, of Pandemonium. Bea keeps -i diary, and I remember that she graciously read me some extracts, one of which ran as follows : " 'Tis the night before Christmas, and all of the boys are blow ing tin horns and making a noise." Noise is a mild term— infernal racket would be°better. Northern people think Fourth of July is bad enough, but it does not begin to compare with Christmas Eve in New Orleans. All the city throngs Canal street, and everybody that is not blowing a tin horn is firing off Chinese crackers or fire -works of some kind. Overhead, the long row of electric light twinkle and blaze ; and below, the wide avenue seems on fire. All is light ind movement ; everybody is joyously laughing. Even the pretematurally solemn mules of the street cars grow frisky and sportive, and fling up their heels in i highly suggestive manner. On Christmas Eve all New Orleans is bent on having a good time and making a noise ; and they succeed. But when INIardi Gras comes the city is yet madder and merrier. Flags and gay banners flutter from all the houses, and when night comes the Carnival is wildly joyous Then comes the gorgeous procession of the INIystic Krewe, which presents one of the most brilliant spectacles in the worid. I feel, however, that it is almost a waste of time and paper to speak of the Carnival; for where is there a traveler who has not read all about it a hundred times? At the foot ot Canal street, and just bevond the L. & N, Depot, is the levee, where is piled BE.\'S M.\RDI-GR,\S. the merchandise of an extensive and ever-growing trade. There are hales and hales of cotton, hundreds of harrels of sugar, and hogsheads of molasses without number; while there are enough roustatxjuts, all singing their strange songs, to people a colony. The great ocean steamers lie side by side with the "floating palaces" that ply up and down the Mississippi. Perhaps a man-of-war lies in mid-channel, with her bow sturdily pointed up-stream, while the flag of her nation floats from the peak. Across the river lie the towns of Algiers and Tunis. The river makes a grand sweep as it flows toward the Gulf beyond the city, and this is called the "English Turn." In the war of 1S12 the English sailed up to this point, but they never went further. Gen. Jackson stopped them, and the old battle-ground is still to be seen. In the late war the batteries of Chalmette were planted on the spot, and hard by is the Great National Cemetery, where hundreds of the "lx)ys in blue" lie awaiting the bugle-blast which wll summon them to "fall in" the Eternal Ranks. Here is the G. A. R. monument, and the visitor will i nd it worth seeing. Walking down the levee as far as Esplanade street, the U. S. Mint is reached, the Sugar E.xchange having been passed on the way. Hea and I not only took the customary trip to the "jetties," which are really very interesting — although the ride on the river and the views in /•ussaiit are by far the best part of the journey — but we took a ride up the river and visited several sugar plantations. A good plan is to go up the river as far as Baton Rouge, and then come back. The tourist obtains in this way an excellent idea of the country, sees the levees, the bayous, and learns more about Louisiana along the river than he could if he read a thousand books. Once again in New Orleans, we rambled again over the streets, now grown familiar, but none the less attracflive. Again we visited the gloomy post-oflice, dark and heavy externally, with its Egyptian exterior, but with a great hall, which quite redeems the struclure. This hall is of white marble, and at one end is a very handsome piece of mural sculpture. There is the pelican nursing her young, the seal of Louisiana ; and on one side is Bier\'ille, founder of New Orlean.s — and on the other Jackson, its defender. Again we took long rides through the residence streets ; and in fadl the city is more or less a huge suburb. Once more we delighted in the oddities of the French quarter, and reveled in the deliciousness of the fruit purchased in the French market. Then we packed up our traps and prepared to take a nm through Florida. But I must say a word about the hotels. The tourist will find that in New Orleans he can secure first-class accommodations at just what he would pay in other American cities. And, if he wishes, he can secure rooms and eat where he pleases ; for the restaurants are not only numerous, but exceptionally good. If the traveler is going further West, he can slip over to Galveston, Texas, and from thence on through the Lone Star State to Mexico. '''^^0 ^/ejb W. X. HAI.DEMAN, HAIL Y. rRHS.DKNT. WEEk'LY. HENRY WATTILRSON, THE Louisville Qourier- J ournal , THE REPRESENTATIVE NEWSPAPER OF THE SOUTH, Its Weekly Issue having the Largest Ci rculation of any Democratic T Newspaper in the United States. HE COURIER-JOURNAL has a national reputation; it is tiie acknowledged Representative Newspaper of the South; is Democratic in Politics; and, first, last, and all the time, is for a Reduction of the War Taxes, as levied on the people by the tariff "ow in force. •■■■■"'' The Daily and Sunday editions of the Courier-Journal are not only recognized as the direct representa- tives of a vast majority of the newspaper readers in Louisville and in tlie State of Kentucky, but also have a wide circulation throughout the South and West. ...-•.-• THE WEEKLY COURIER-JOURNAL is tiie best weekly newspaper published in the United States, and> for the quantity and quality of matter that appears in each issue of it, it is the Cheapest. Its Telegraphic News facilities outclass any other paper, and it has the services of the ablest writers and correspondents in the country. It presents the News of the Week from every section of the world. It gives to its readers, throughout the year, a greater number of Serial and Sh»rt Stories by prominent and popular writers than any of the high-priced maga- zines. It is in every respect a Model Political and Family Paper. ..••-• The Weekly Courier Journal has nv far the Largest Circulation of any Democratic Newspaper in America. The Weekly Courier-Journal has no rival in the South. The Southern people recognize it as being in full sympathy with their social life, and as the ablest and truest exponent of their political convictions. Its circula- tion among farmers is equal to that of any exclusive agricultural weekly. Into their homes it is warmly welcomed as a friend and we say with confidence that satisfactory returns are certain from any investment in its advertising columns Its circulation in some of the Southern States is equal to that of the combined circulation of all the newspapers of those States. It is acknowledged by press and people throughout the United States to be a great paper— great in size, great in enterprise, great in ability, great in its correctness of information, great m variety great in every sense of the word. It is the paper that everybody should have. • • ■ • There are but few post-offices in all the South that it does not go to every week in the year. It is not only creditable to the enterprise of its publishers, but equally a credit to the city of Louisville, where it is pub lished that the Weekly Courier-Journal should have attained the enormous circulation our subscription list: show 'it to have. It regularly visits each week in the year over ioS,ooo homes— the homes of its yearly subscribers -and, as each copy sent out has at least four or five readers, it regularly reaches over half a million readers. . A list of handsome and useful premiums, of great variety, are offered free to yearly subscribers. On FREE PREMIUMS, receipt of a request for them, we will send, /,<.- either, without cartage. This location is in the finest Whisky-producing district of the State, which is the home of all the most expensive and popular brands of the State. The "Spring Hill" has no superior among them all, and we have every confidence that a trial with any of them will result in such a conclusion, • TT is rich and full in flavor, without the coarseness characteristic of so much of the Kentucky 1 Whisky. With age it takes on the flavor of ^ladeira Wine or a fine Cognac Brandy. We own some of the Whisky of each year's production up to this time, which has never been out of our possession. That which is obtained from us may be relied upon for absolute purity and of the age it is represented to be. Whether for the connoisseur recommend it. The picture accompany the Distillery premises. thi advertisement the invalid we unhesitatingly ; a fac-simile representation of reliable, m smal order that persons, who desire to secure Whisk>-, good and in every wa\- nit up the oldest, six years, in cases of one dozen bottles each. The labels ha 1 quantity, we pv a similar representation of the Distillery. ;OR the reliability of our statements we refer to the Bankers, Merchants, Physicians and the citizens generally of Louisville and Frankfort, Ky. ..•■■■• J NO. COCIIR.W cK: CO. PROPR IETORS, FRANKFORT, K V. TllL COCHRAN ril/roN CO. GEN'L AGENT S. LOUISVILLE. KY. LOUISVILLE, KY. Q_^hess-Carley Company - llhiiiiinatiiitf Oil. ^ Liibricatiiio- Oil. • * riRE-PR00F 01li SPECIALTY ABSOLUTE SAFI'TY FOR SOUTIIF.RX IIOMl-: . . • GOI.l) MKDAl. A\VARl)i:i) • • • World's Incluistrifil l£>cposition, New Orleans. BRANCHES Albany, Ga. Ailanta, Ga. Aii«o, 8i & 83 Jackson Street, CHICAGO, ILLS. -C-.ri_j-^^. •^SpaRd^islel-^ Opp. Grand Central Depot. Cor. Fourth & Central Ave. CINCINNATI. O. RAXES: — S3. OO and $4.00 per TDay ROOMS WITH BATHS AND PARLORS EXTRA. WHAT- COMcStROPIC CYLINDER OIL On a leading Railroad during the month of Septcmbei last, twenty round trips were made by alternating engineers on each locomotive. The result is, 7480 MILKS FROM 91 PINTS, or 82A MILKS I'J'R IMM oF TRdl'IC (YLINDFR nlL, besides oiling Rod Bearings and Air Brakes. During the month of October last, engines on the sameRoad, running in same way, made 5680 MILKS FROM 60 PIMS, or 945 MILKS PI-R PINT OF TROPIC CYLIXDKR OIL, besides oiling si.\ or eight Rod Bearings and usual Air Brakes. On a different division of the sameRoad, engines operated in the same manner, made 2260 MILKS KROM 25 PINTS, or 90! MILKS PKR PINT OF TROPIC CYLIXDKR OIL, besides oiling Roil Bearings and Air Brakes. The general average of mileage from our oil, for these two months, in all service, is not far from 62 miles per pint, and we are certain, with exceptionally favorable devices for feeding the oil, all these figures could have been greatly increased ; but what we desire to show is actual average results. We want the benefit of the facts only. Sample lots will be cheerfully sent to any Railroad desiring it, and we are certain of convincing even the most skeptical that, as to valve lubricants, TROPIC CYLINDER OIL IS "BEST VALUE." Respectfully, CINCINNATI a„d ST. LOUIS. INLAND OIL COMPANY. NEVER A DISTRESSED JOURNAL FROM POLAR GREASE, -OLLOWS THREE First — Hut Waste and pour on just enough car oil to wet the fibre of the waste through and through. It is better to let stand and thoroughly soak for awhile. Second — Put Oil and Polar Grease and mix together to the consistency of batter. Third — Put the contents of tub No. i and No. 2 together and tlie Waste tlioroughly saturated with the mixture. Your packing is now ready for the packer's use. Journals dressed with this rich, fatty packing, run for weeks with but the least attention, rarely heat, and net a large mileage for a comparatively trifling cost. MORE THAN HALF the trouble with journals arises from carelessly packing them. Every experienced Car Inspector knows this. By the plan herein shown The Waste is .made More Elastic, and holds better up to journal. ...... The Oil Cheapens the First Cost of the Lubri- cant, and distributes it over the surfaces to greater advantage. ....... The Grease supplies Bodv and Actual Lubkicat- ING Power to the oils, which are too thin and lean in anti-friction for the Fast Passenger or heavily loaded Freight Trains of this day. IN A WORD, the economy, the efficiency, and the lasting qualities of this Lubricating Compound are beyond comparison the best obtainable. These are Words ok Sober Truth. We have numer- ous letters from managers of leading railways, certifying to the success they have had with our Polar Grease, used ..... First.— FoK Hot Bo.x Cure. . . • Second.— IcoR Hot Bo.x Preventive. I®- Used as above stated, we guarantee satisfaction or no bills payable. .... Orders Solicited. IXI.AXI) OIL COMPANY. C\ .NATi .\Mi St. Lor ]])uplex*3^^^ni ''Pumps F OR COMPACTNESS, SIMPLICITY, QUIETNESS. RE LIABILIT Y AND DURABILITY THESE PUMPS HAVE NO EQUAL. HALL STEAM PUMP COMPANY 91 Liberty Street, NeW YoRK. A. S.WHITON, 115 Broadway, - - New York. S teel rails, and R ail fastenings. — ^S teel blooms, and - Steel rail crops. • RAILWAY » EQUIPMENTS # Portland Cement and Block Chalk, Old Rails and Railway Supplies, Turntables and Rail Crossings. T ONTRACTS made for delivery in the united states, west ind ies, south AMERICA OR F. O. B. ENGLISH PORTS. SOLE Ar.F.NT IN THE INITED STATES FOR The Northfleet Coal & Ballast Company, I.lMlTF.n. OF LOXnON. S. ROGERS, President. R. S. HUGHES. Sec'y & Treas. Rogers Locomotive ( PATERSON, NEW JERSEY. # and MacHme Works, New York Office, 44 Exchange Place. <^GAST-STEEU•yORI^S^ FRIED, KRUPP, ESSEN, GERMANY. American Ofticc, 15 Gold Street, New York. RKI'RKSENTKD HV THOS. PROSSER & SON, 1^. (). Box 13S7S. LOCOMOTIVE TIRES. ..... AXLES, CRANK PINS, • PISTON AND COUPLING RODS, SPRING AND TOOL STEEL. STEEL FORCINGS, UP TO FIFTY TONS ■ STEEL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, FORGED, ROLLED, Etc INTO ANY FORM OR ARTICLE DESIRED « Steel-Tired •Wheels • THESE Works cover an area of 1,200 acres, employ about 18,000 men, have the most improved plant and stand unique. They have their own Ore and Coal Mines, Blast Furnaces, etc., and every stage of manufacture is under their own supervision, and they are not (like others) dependent on the open market for a miscellaneous assortment of crude material. This, in connection with seventy-five years' e.xperience, enables them to turn out a product of very superior quality, second to none, and at the same time the different grades of Steel are always of the SAME UN'IFORM QUALITY. We beg to call special attention to KRUPP'S CRUCIBLE STEEL LOCOMOTIVE TIRES, which for the last thirty years have proved themselves to be tlie best and cheapest in the market. While the first cost of these is greater than of Open Hearth Steel (the grade usually furnished by other makers), it has been fully demonstrated that the e.xtra amount invested in Krupp's Crucible Steel Tires, is more than refunded by the increased wear obtained from them, to say nothing of their freedom from breakage, and the saving elTected in shop account, etc., by extra length of time Engines can be run before requiring Tires turned. We call attention to the superior quality of Krupp's Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, etc., which are being used by several of the leading Railways with most satisfactory results. Being in daily cable communication with Works, we fill orders at short notice. When ordering rolling stock, inserting in specifications that "Krupp's' Tires. Wheels (adding style of Wheel, with thickness, width and (lualiiy of Tire), Axles, etc., are to be used, will insure satisfactory articles. ESTABUISHEU ISliT. Joseph Dixon C^rucible C>«o, JERSEY CITY, N. J. MLXERS. IMPORTERS. AND MA.WFACT CRERS GRAPHITE MAKERS OF THE CELEBRATED » DIXON'S S^IS?^ PENCILS* UNRIVALED for smoothness and toughness of Leads, freedom from grit, and unitormity of grades.— 10 grades of hardness for Artists and Draughtsmen — 7 grades for Office and School use, and over 500 other kinds in No. 2 and 3 leads for general use. ......•• T ALSO MANUFACTCREKS OF c- DIXON'S 'or,Ko'/ STOVE POLISH * HE oldest, best, and most reliable Stove Polish in tlie market. No dirt, no smell, and the quickest to produce a lasting polish. ........ c. DIXON'S PURE DRY AMERICAN GRAPHITE* ITS superiority as a lubricant has been attested by all recent writers on friction. Its enduring qualities are several times greater than those of any oil. Unlike either oil or grease it is not affected by either heat or cold, steam or acids. It is equally useful for metal or wood surfaces. .... ^•DIXON'S PLUMBAGO CRUCIBLES •> Are the standard in this country and in Europe. \\\ sizes from \ lb. to 6lW lb. capacity. * DIXON'S RAILWAY CAR GREASE Is unsurpassed for hot boxes and general lubricating purposes for railroads. We shall be pleased i any and all inquiries concerning our products and to send explanatory circulars. The Luuisville Ov: Xasliville R. R. use the Dixuii I'ruducis. ■ Ih.s Ad. in Uie L. & N. Book.) Ti HE UNITED STATES « OLLING STOCK CO. OKKKRiS FOR Lease to Railroads, Freight Lines, Mining- Companies, Locomotive Engines, And Others , Refrigerator Cars, Box, Stock, Gondola, Dump and Flat Cars. ' S PREPARED TO BUILD FOR LEASE AND ON CONTRACT FOR CASH. OR UNDER THE CAR TRUST SYSTEM. .SUCH ROLLING STOCK AS MAY BE REQUIRED. CAPACITY OF SHOPS: .VEll^ WORKS AT HEGF.U'ISCH, 'r\\"enty Cars per Day. AT URBANA, OHIO, Sixteen Cars per Day. STORAGE YARDS:— Hk.(;ewiscii, Ii.i.s., Urbana. O. 33 W^n ^/t New Vorlc A. Htut W 1 jlH, I FCS I. l^G Lc. S^lle Stre*.t Mann Boudoir Car COMFORT! . PRIVACY! ■ LUXURY PERFECT VENTILATION ! • NO DUST ! • NO NOISE! These Maoiiificeiif Cars are now running on the following Roads : Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway, (Queen & crescent.) c/NC/xx.-i r/ A.vn .yew Orleans. Leave Cincinnati 7:40 A. M., 8:47 p. M. Leave New Orleans 12:30 p. M., 8:55 P. M. Louisville (!<: Nashville and Queen & Crescent Roads. LOUISVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA. Leave Louisville 9:05 p. m. Leave Chattanooga 6:25 p. m. Georgia Pacific and Queen cSc Crescent. . . . . ATLANTA AND NEIV ORLEANS. Leave Atlanta 4:30 p. m. Leave New Orleans 12:30 p. m. Queen & Crescent, E. T. Y. & G., and S. F. & W. Railways. CINCINNATI AND JACASONr/LLE, FLA. Leave Cincinnati 7:40 a. m., 8:47 p. m. Leave Jacksonville 7:30 a. m., 7:00 p. m. Queen & Crescent, W. & A., and Central of Georgia Roads. CINCINNATI AND JACk'.SONlTLLE. FLA. Leave Cincinnati 8:47 p. m. Leave Jacksonville 7:00 p. Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. . . . . CHICAGO AND ST. LOCIS. Leave Chicago 9:30 p. m. Leave St. Louis 8:00 p. m. CHICAGO AND KANSAS CITY. Leave Chicago 12:30 noon. Leave Kansas City 6:30 p. m. TOLEDO AND ST. LOUIS. Leave Toledo 2:30 p. m. Leave .St. Louis 6:40 p. M. Chicago, Detroit & Niagara Falls Short Line. CHICAGO A. YD DETROIT. Leave Chicago 8:45 p. m. Leave Detroit 9.30 p. m New York & Boston Express Line, (springfieid.) N. Y. N. H. & IL c^- P.. & A. Rds. NEir YORK A.VD BOSTON. Leave New York 10:30 p. m. Leave Boston i PRIVATE CARS~The private cars, "Adelina Patti," "Etelka Gerster," and •'Janauschek," undoubtedly ' — ' the handsomest cars in the world, are for hire for short or long trips. TV/f ANN'S BOUDOIR CAR CO. is now prepared to treat with R. R. companies for placing their cars in regular service on their lines. For Airther particulars and descriptive books apply to NIANN'S BOUDOIR CAR CO- IS T^^on^^^v£\y. (whiles Blu.dingi Xt'-NV Vork. George Westinghouse, Jr., President. H. H. Westinghouse, General Agent. John Caldwell, Treasurer. T. \V. Welch, Superintendent. \V. W. Card, Secretary-. THE = Westinghouse * Air-Brake-*- C^o. PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S. A. M.\XLI-A( TrRKKS OT TIIK We stinghouse Automatic Brake, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes, (Westin^hious^e ;ind Siiaithi Patents). »WESTlNGHefelSE- FREIGHT- BRAKE* 'T'HE AUTOMATIC FREIGHT BRAKE is essentially the same apparatus as the .\utomatic Brake for passenger ^ cars, e.\cept that the various parts are so combined as to form practically one piece of mechanism, and is sold at a very low price. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen's wages, and the increased speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application within a very short time. 'T'HE "Automatic" has proved itself to be the most efficient Train and Safety Brake known. Its application is instantaneous ; it can be operated from any car in the train if desired, and should the train separate, or hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given customers against loss from P.\TENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them. The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upwards of . . . . 12.000 ENGINES AND 60,000 CARS, and is adopted by the princi[)al Railways in all parts of the world. Full I u format ion Funiisbcd on Application. 11 llillfilSftBiiK^^^ % feu.: :. "^ .TjtTi "'"'*' # ',jr'^'2^^^^:^^^^i«i! rt: irrrrrKr^mrrTTr^^ELLLLyuj^ 'ic^^^jJtiirj "1 DAILY CAPACITY. MILL "A." 7,000; MILL "B," 2,000; "ANCHOR," 1500; TOTAL. 10,50.) Bbls. G has. A. Pillsbury & Co, MERCHANT MILLERS, Minneapolis, Minn. Geo. a. Pillsbury. John S. Pillsbury. Chas a Pillsbury. Fred. C. Pillsbury. eyR BRANBS Pillsbury's Best. • Carleton. Diamond. Reform. • Success. • Anchor. Reform. Minnesota Belle. Pillsbury. Straight. Alaska. Crowi Tonka. THESE mills are three in number, with a capacity of 10,500 bbls. per day, or nearly 3,000,000 bbls. per year. To feed these mills requires 15,000,000 bushels of wheat annually. Our Pillsbury A mill has the largest capacity of any mill in the world, consuming over 32,000 bushels of wheat per day. It is supplied with the best machinery known to the milling trade; no expense has been spared to ensure perfection in all details, and it is the most perfect and costly mill on the globe. In ordering flour, be sure and call for ■■ Pillsbury's Best, " as interested parties will try and supply you with an interior ilour upon which they can make a larger profit. CHAS R DII.WORTf SAM'L. T OWENS. VICK-CHAIRMAN JOS. R. DILWORTH. DiLWORTH, Porter & Co. (LIMITED) PITTSBURGH. PA. RAILROAD-AND-BOAT SPIKES GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr., President ASAPH T. ROWAND, Secretary, ROBERT PITCAIRN, Treasui C. H. JACKSON, VicePres. & Gen. Manager. HENRY SNVDER, General Agent, HARVEY TILDEN, Contracting : CHARLES R. JOHNSON, Signal Engin UNION SWITCH AND SIGNAL CO. SOLE MANUFACTIRERS UK .XPI'ROVKD Railway liuerlnckiiiii. Switching # Siifiialin|.i Aiipliances, WITH AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC LOCKING, Without which no Interlocking is Safe. FROGS, CROSSINGS, SWITCHES AND SWITCH STANDS Catalogues. Plans and Estimates, with reference to about 500 apparatus in practical operation, will be furnished jtpon application. OFFICE A.XD W'ORIvS: Corner Garrison Alley and Duquesne Way, PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S. A. CARNEGIE BROTHERS (^ CO. PITTSBUPvGH^PA. MANUFACTl'RERS OF Iron AM) Sti: i: L Hi:ams , Cii anm: Ls. Tei:s, AnclI'S. Stkktikal Ik ox and Sthhi,. UNUSIAL SIZES AM )^HAPE.S • A SPECIALTY ■ E:^STA.13I,I^SHKD 17S: • Transits, Levels, Leveling Rods, Chains, • • Chesterman's Taphs • PLANIMETERS, CLYNOMETERS, Etc. Drawiiiir ''Boards, Taper. " fnsfniiiic'ii/s Pat. Joint Swiss German " 'Brass 'Ti.T{. Curves. Irreoiilar •Jluffiilar " 'T Squares, Triangles, Straight Edges, Tarallel T^ules, Trotractors. 'Tlnunb Tacks, India Iniis. Liquid India Inl^s, Indelible " " Indelible Colored Inks Water Colors. ^loist 'Brushes of all kinds, Ink Stabs. Cabinet Saucers. 14^ hat ma us Papers, Protile Cross Section " 'Tracing Transit Books, Lezel Field Pencils. CATALOGUES FREE— Send for .S4th Edition. Oswald McAllister, [226 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Successor to \V. Y. MCALLISTER, formerly at :-'8 Chestnut * Penney lY?).niii S^^^I Gon^P^fiJ* SAM' I. M. l"i;i/rON. rrcsicknt. I I,. S. lU-NT, V. Tres, & Gen. Mjjr. 1^0,1;, I S. \V. HAl.DW IN. N. V. Agt. \S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. \ F. \V. WOOD. Superintendent. I STKKI.TOX. P.i. /fo Broadway, New York. FORCINGS • , ^"'^^t'' f^°'°°° """" °'" STI"-'^I> Bi>(K)MS Steel per year. of any weijjht to order. - STEEL -- SHAFTING ... RAILS SLABS & BILLETS ll.V.M.MlCRIvD Hammered or Rolled. laiidard T IJ » 1 1 C '■'on. 76 lb ems of L KAILS lbs. per' Mint- anil Car A.xUs • • I Luuix Paitkk.ns ox Sixk-k, with I'\astenings, Spikes, etc. Kail I-asi('iiiii< Spikes. i:tc.. Ki STREET RAILS ASP .sr/:/:/. ccui/i.s TO ORDER. Opex- Hearth Bessemer Sprinor and MaciiiiRTy • STEEL- Interlocking Switching and Signaling Appliances FOR JUxNCTIONS, CROSSINGS, DRAWBRIDGES AND TER.MINALS. Securing Safety from Accidents with I-xonomy of Operation. :STEEL RAIL..^^ FROGS. RAILROAD FROGS AND CROSSINGS, IMPROVED: SWITCHES:: AND:: SWITCH:: STANDS, (i\ several tlifferent patterns, suited It) all uses. -;r Mix^nelo • Eleclric • Crossing • Si^nixl batltry, requires 110 winding up, works successful!)- with aUendance at ery remote intervals, of motierate cost, and can be set up and put in operation y unskilled persons. 9^- The capacity of the Frog Switch and Signal Department is very great. Good workmanship and materials always guaranteed, with low prices. Fqr prices or information relating to such work address GEO. W. PAR.SONS, Sup't F. S. & S. Department, STEELTON, PA. F.W. DEVOE&CO. ESTABLISHED 1S52. Fulton St., Cor. of William, NEW YORK MAAL-FACTURERS OF GOAGH AND GAR G0li0RS • OKOUNU IN JAl^v\?\. ceived tlie h Appliances in Chicago. T70R tliese colors we received the highest award, the Gold Medal, at the National Exposition of Railway SPECIAL SHADES MADE TO ORDER. W/'E furnish special body colors to Pennsylvania R. R., New York. Central, New York & New Haven, Lehigh ' ' Valley, New Jersey Central and other large Railroads. Special Shades for Stations, Freight Cars and Cabooses— Bridge and F^oof Paints, *FINE:VARN1SHES:AND:JAPANS* KOR COACHES AMD CARS, IVood Fillers, Wood Surfacers, Wood Stains. Hani Oil Finish. 4V>^Kt niXED PAINTSN WE desire to call attention of consumers to the fact that we guarantee our ready-mixed paints to be made only of pure linseed oil and the most permanent pigments They are not "Chemical," "Rubber," "Patent," or "Fire-proof." We use no secret or patent method in manufacturing them by which benzine and water are made to serve the purpose of pure linseed oil. SAMPLE CARDS OF 50 DESIRABLE SHADES SENT ON REQUEST. We manufacture Brushes of every TID ED T T *^ "W PT "^ '"°'' Artists, Painting, Varnishing, description ^-^ ^^^ ^-^ ^-^ ^^^ i-V^J Gilding, Striping. WHITE LEAD, ZINC WHITE, COLORS IN OIL. ^^ ARTISTS^ ffiATERIAL2SN> F. W. D. & CO.'S Tube Colors. F. W. D. c^ CO.'S Fine Brushes. F. W. D. & CO.'S Canvas. OUR Manufactures are used by and command the confidence of the leading artists of the country. A list of those indorsing our goods sent on application. Crayon, Sculptors' and Etcliin^ Materials. ® Drawing Papers, Mathematical Instruments. Correspondence Invited. COFFIN, DEVOE & CO., i]6 Randolph Street, CHICAGO, ILLS. i/lsk your SLiliimcr for Es/rrhmok' s Pens ■ KSTAHI.ISHEn 1S60. ■ rSF.:THK: BF.ST ^ESTERBROOK'S^ • .SY "/'/•; A' /('A' ■ SrEcu-<:B»PcNs PENS KOR- All Business Purposes, Schools and Colleges, Book-Keeping and Correspondence, Rapid and Easy Writing. PENS IVIADE- In Every Degree of Fineness, Of Superior and Standard Quality, For Professional and Ornamental Work, Of Genuine American Manufacture. ''Phe Esterbrook Steel Pen Co. are the manufacturers of the Esterbrook Falcon 1 Pen No. 04S, unquestionably the best and most popular business pen in America. ■ Li:.\ DING:. STYLES • Fine Points, Nos. 232, 333, 444. ,. Blunt Points, Nos. 122, 183, 1743. Medium Points, Nos. 14, 130, 048. ^ Fine Engrossing, Nos. 239, 267, 313. Elastic Pens, Nos. 126, 12S, 135. Broad Points, Nos. 161, 209, 284. Turned u]i Points, Nos. 256, 309, 1876. -^ Tlie Esterbrook Steel Pen Co. ^^^^^ Camden, New J ersey. 26 John St., New York. T/if Esterbrook Sfee/ Pens hair been adopted by the I^ouisville &" Nashville Railroad. .^i > 60 to 2 w ^^,@^"" it y ? outhern ""° " Fire-Proof. THP: SOUrHI-:RX IIOrF.I.. cor. iMtil, and Walnut .Sts., St. Louis, Mo., has a frontage on four clilTcrciU streets — its rotunda forming a true cross 330 feet in length, running from North to .South, and 330 feet in length from East to West, si.\t\- feet in width and a t\\ent_\--foot ceiling. THK building is six stories high, has h\e elevators and every otiier mode convenience, antl it is tiie most thoroughl)' fire-proof hotel in America. 'I'l entire ini -pHK 1 1 of i entire interior construction is of iron, cement and concrete \ proprietors so Ijeliexe in its infallibilit) , that the}' do not cari-\- one' Dollar nsurance on the building or furniture. ..... IT is the most convenient and .suitable hotel in the cit\- for public and private entertainment, both on account of the completeness of its ajipointments, and the elegance and taste of the general arrangement. .... IT has four hundred rooms, with a sleeping capacit}' of from ciglit hundred to one thousand persons. It is a perfect model of order and cleanliness. THR rates of board are reasonable, from tiiree to five dolJars per day. Price fixed from location and space occupied. ..... IHAKESPEARE. AULT & WIBORG, Xcttcr prces Xitboorapbic llnht? anJ) fine Darni^bcs FOOT OF NEW STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO. No 26 Rose Street, New York. • BRANCH OFFICES • Monroe St., Chicago. PACine 0iu GE II. L. Ml.RSMAN, Pkbs. & Tkh 11. F. PARMELEE, Vice-Pri:s. D 1. SKIDMORE, Sec'v. /■A'(>/>/c/:a:s- ./a/' .\/.i.\r/:icTrh-j:h:s- of Rcjincd Tul/ow and Car Grease • Lubrieafing Oils ■ Railway Lubkicatin(; Supplies A Specialty. !-^OHINOo^ SOLE M AXl'FACrrRKK Paris \ahT Oil, <^--'r' ,j.aur I'aiiions Ivliiidcr Oil, TRADE \ .- E^ - MARK. ■^^ . I Ruby liiioiiio, Kohinoor iMvioht Car Grease, ~ ■ ^ -r kohinoor Loacn drease .1/. /AY •/■- It/ fA'/Ch'S OF • . FAMOUS BOILER COMPO UND • • • . F.iMOUJ,J^TJiAM PACKING - ■ iir»iicii iiotiHo: OFFICE, 521 Xorth Second St. t Ft. Scott, Kas. St. Louis, Mo. 0) M. Buck & Co. Manufaaurers and Dealers in Every Article used in Construding- and Operating- Railroads ; Steamboat, Telegraph, Miners', Foundry, Machinists' and Contractors' Supplies. Frogs, Crossings, Switches, Jacks, Tank Valves, Spikes, Bolts, Head Lights, Car Fixtures, Lamps, Lanterns, Locks, Car Brasses, etc. Ingot Copper and other Metals, Boiler Flues, Belting, Hose, Packing, ^ Tools, Machinery, "Tanite" Emery Wheels and Grinders. 207 and 209 North Third Street, St. Louis, Mo. A TRIUMPH OF MODERN CHEMISTRY IS The • Harden • Star- Hand Grenade. THE introduction of the "Hand Grenade" marks an era in the history of Fire Appliances. The costly, cumbersome, and complicated Chemical Kxtini,niishers are giving way to the simpler, cheaper and more powerful Grenade. . ■ • • Modern e.xperience shows that the most successful way to fight fire in its earlier stages is with chemicals, and it further shows that in the " Hand Grenade" is found the simplest and most practical means of appl) ing them. 1 , 088 Actual Fires Extinuu i shed with tliciii i n i88,s, savin^^ Millions of Dollars. EXTRACTS FROM THE PUBLIC PRESS. A simple and powerful extinguisher on the premises, ready for instant use, is better than a fire department several blocks away." . . . ■ "'■PHIi first five minutes at a fire is ^ belter tlum tlie next half liour." ■'pHE Grenade may not be infallible, ■•• but it seems nearer so than any other appliance." T TE who foils to provide his home ^ ^ with Hand Grenades is slioulder- ing a fearful responsibility." ■ PHE record of the Harde.n Star ■'■ Grenade is unparalleled in the listory of fire appliances " ■ 'I'HE e.xtinguishment by llie Hand ■'■ Grenade of a thou.sand actual fires, and scores of them, when used by women and children, saving millions of dollars worth of property, and all witliin twenty months, is a marvelous record." IT costs less to protect property with ^ the Hand Grenades than with any other appliance, and the protection is the best that can be had." ■ Adopted by Thirteen Railway Companies, for use in Depots, Shops, etc. A.\/0.\c; THEM ARB The Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, The Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad, The Southern Pacific Railroad, The Michigan Central Railroad, The Union Pacific Railway, The C. C. C. & I. Railway, The Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R., The K. C, Ft. Scott & Gulf Railroad, The D. & R. G. & \V. Railway. The Hurolitises of above Kt)n^^^ :x\V^ ^^ :1V Has used in every Department THK CKI.EHRATED STANDARD • RAILWAY* VARNISHES. ON MORE THAN 40,000 MikES-TRAGK ^ > -OF OTHER RAILWAYS-^ m*^ Stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Gulf -to Manitoba, where these Varnishes are being used, THE UNIVERSAL VERDICT IS: ''THEY ARE ALWAYS RELIABLE. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE CHICAGO*VARNISH-^Cd! Office, '^04: Hiiie Street, M Established 1865. V^lllCRg'O, 11 IS,