a®r]<,'57aia,J:^20 ss ' MEMORIAL ADDRESSES LIFE AND CHARACTER William Cogswell .Late a Repkesentati\e kkom Massachusetts), DKLIVERtD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATE, LliS FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS, 18^ J- ) f^l First anu Second Sessions. PUBLIS)IED BY ORDER OF CONGRESS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1897. AUG 6 iy08 j)» ot a CONTENTS. Page. Proceedings in the Hou.se 5 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Moody, of Massacliu.setts 8 Mr. Catchings, of Mississippi 22 Mr. W.VLKER, of Ma.ssachnsetts 25 Mr. Grosvenok, of Ohio 28 Mr. DoCKERY, of Mi.ssouii 34 Mr. Henderson, of Iowa 36 Mr. Morse, of Ma.ssachusetts 39 Mr. Draper, of Ma.ssachusetts 49 Mr. Tucker, of Virginia 55 Mr. Gillett, of Massachusetts 58 Proceedings in the Senate 62 Memorial addresses — Mr. Ho.\R, of Massachu.setts 66 Mr. Mills, of Texas , . . . 72 Mr. Hawley, of Connecticut 77 Mr. Blanchard, of Louisiana 80 Mr. G.YLLiNGER, of New Hampshire 82 Mr. Lodge, of Mas.sachusetts 86 3 Death of Hon, William Cogswell. Proceedings in the House, January i6, 1S96. Mr. Moody. Mr. Speaker, as the successor to the seat of Gen. William Cogswell it is my painful office to formally announce the intelligence of his death in this city on the 22d day of May of last year. General COGSWELL was a member of the Fiftieth, the Fifty-first, the Fifty-second, and the Fifty-third Congresses, and was elected, by a majority that swept away jDarty lines in his district, to membership in this House. I need not call the attention of those members who served with him to the fidelity with which he always performed every public duty. It is not my purpose at this time to enter into any extended eulogy of his life and ser\'ices, but at some later day I shall ask the House to set apart a time when its membership may express formally their appreciation of his life, his character, and his services. I content myself now with sending to the desk resolutions which I ask the House to adopt in honor of his memory. The resolutions were read, as follows: Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. William Cogswell, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. 5 6 Proceedings in tlie J louse. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to his niemory the House do now adjourn. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resohitions to the Senate. The resolutions v/ere unanimously adopted; and in jmr- siiance thereof the House (at 3 o'clock and 50 niinules j). ni. ) adjourned. MEMORIAL ADDRESSES. The Speaker. The time fixed for the .special order has arrived. Mr. MooDV. Mr. Speaker, I offer the resolutions which I send to the Clerk's desk. The resolutions were read, as follows : Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended that opportunity may be given for tributes to the meniorj- of Hon. WiLLi.^ii CoGSWELi,, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, and in recognition of his eminent abilities as a distinguished public servant, the House, at the conclusion of these memorial proceed- ings, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk be instructed to communicate a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. 7 Life ami C 'liaractcr of IVilliam Cogswell. ADDRESS OF MR. MOODY. Mr. IMOODV. Mr. Speaker, hi.s office wlio seeks to con- struct ill enduring form a just estimate of the life and char- acter of one who has so recently departed from the midst of living men that the glance of the eye and the sound of the voice seem hardly yet a memory is never easy of accom- plishment. He must neither degenerate into mere fulsome eulogy which overshoots the mark nor fail in due apprecia- tion of the great qualities which deserve commemoration. The difficulties and dangers of the duty, always sufficiently manifest, are multiplied in the case of the man whose memory we honor to-day. William Cogswell was the most modest of men. He was impatient of eulogy. If we could respect his wishes, if we could accept his own estimate of himself, we should be silent at this hour. But that can not be. His life, so full of splendid achievement, demands a higher measure of praise than he would willingly receive. I know how poor are the words which I shall speak. At the most, I can expect to recite his history only in meager outline, leaving it to the loving touch of others to delineate the beauty of its detail. There can be no complete knowledge of an individual unless we know of what manner of men he was born. WiLLiA.M Cogswell owed much to his ancestr>-. They were of English origin. He was descended from John Cogswell, who appears to have been a man of substance and position in Westbury Leigh, count)' of Wilts, where he Address of Mr. Moody. 9 owned and managed a woolen mill which had been in the family for many generations. When about 43 years of age he sailed from Bristol, with his wife and eight children, in search of a new home across the Atlantic. The voyage began on June 4, 1635, in the ship Aiigti Gabriel, and ended in shipwreck on the inhospitable shores of Maine in the great storm of August 15 of that \ear. The Cogswells were among the saved, and with little delay the family proceeded to Ipswich, in what is now the county of Essex, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and settled in that part of Ipswich which subsequently became the town of Essex. The Cogswells were always leaders in the comniunit}' in which the\- dwelt. In the fifth generation of the family eight brothers served in the Continental Army in the war of the Revolution, their aggregate tenn of service being thirty-eight years. One of the brothers, the grandfather of William Cogswell, entered the Army as a private at the age of 15 years, subsequently became surgeon's mate, sur- geon, and chief medical officer of the Army, from which position he resigned in 1785. William Cogswell, seventh in descent from John Cogs- well, was born at Bradford, Mass., August zt,, 1838, of the marriage of George Cogswell and Abigail Parker. His father, George Cogswell, is a surgeon of extended practice and great reputation, and through a long and busy life has held many important public and private offices. He was one of the founders of the Republican party in Massachu- setts, and was a delegate in the convention which nomi- nated Abraham Lincoln in i860. He is now, at the age of 88, living at his home in Bradford,, with mental powers lO Life and Charnctcr of William Cogs'a'cll. unimpaired by the passage of time, serenely awaitin<^ the summons which in the order of nature can not be man}' years delayed. Young Cogswell's mother died when he was about 7 years of age. He recei\-ed his early education at Atkinson Academy, .\tkinson, X. H., and Philips .\cademy, .Vndover, Mass., and at Kimball's Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. One of his instructors at Atkinson writes of him: He was a bright boy, decided and independent in his opin- ions, but always pleasant and gentlemanly in their expression, so that he did not offend those with whom he differed. Gentlemen on the other side of this ChambL-r can best testily how far in this respect the boy was the father of the man. Entering Dartmouth College in 1855, he remained there only a short time, and in 1856 and 1857 made the voyage around the world as a sailor before the mast. l'])on his return he began the stud\' of law at the Harvard Law School, and on September 8, i860, was admitted to practice as a member of the Essex bar. But Cogswell was not destined for a career at the bar. His life came to be so full of great events that lu) room was left for the wear\ing diligence and exclusive dexotion which alone command success in the legal profession, h'or a time he remained in the office of William D. Northend, an emi- nent member of the Essex bar, and in April, 1861, he ven- tured to open an office for himself at Salem. \\'e can well understand how little, in those exciting days, his mind and heart responded to the dreary exactions of the beginnings of a professional career. He had enlisted as a private in the Second Corps of Cadets, a militia organization of the State, and during the winter of i86o-6i was enthusiastic in Address of Mr. Moody. ii the performance of liis military duties. Governor Andrew believed war to be inevitable, and had sought to ascertain from the various militia organizations in the State how manv men, if called upon for dut\', would respond. When the roll of the cadets was called, WiLLiA.M COGSWELL was one of the first to answer that he was ready when the time should come. Throughout that winter his voice was heard at various public meetings in support of the Constitution, the laws, and the integrity of his country. I fanc\- that up to the igtli of .\pril, 1861, few clients had found their wa\' to the young lawyer's office. At about I o'clock in the afternoon of that day news came to Salem which changed his whole career. The Sixth Massachusetts had been attacked in the streets of Baltimore on its march to the defense of the capital, which it was destined to reach as the first armed body of volunteers. Law books, clients, and the hope of clients were all thrown aside, and the law office became the recruiting station, where in twenty-four hours a full company was raised for the war. It is worthy of notice that this was the first compau}' in the country which was recruited for the war. This company, with Cap- tain Cogswell in command, became Company C of the Second Massachusetts Infantr>- \'olunteers, which was under the command of Col. George H. Gordon, a graduate of West Point. On the 25th of May ]Mr. CoGSWELL was mustered into the service of the United States as captain, to serve three }ears, and on the 12th of Juh- the regiment crossed the Potomac and stepped upon the soil which was to receive so much of its precious blood. By the side of the national flag was borne the emblem of the Commonwealth of i\Ias- sachusetts, but upon its folds were the words, then, always, 12 Life and Character of William Cogswell. and forever dear lo Massachusetts hearts, "We carry the flag and keep step to the music of the Uuiou." !\Ir. Cogswell commanded this regiment longer than any other man. How closely it was connected with his military career we can judge from the words of General Hooker, who, when recommending him for promotion, wrote : He has commanded the regiment with distinction in and out of battle for more than two years. Colonels make regiments, and his, as is well known to two armies, has no superior. Mr. Speaker, you will forgive a son of Massachusetts if for one moment, yielding to a just pride, he dwells upon this regiment, which in its membership, its achievements, and its sufferings represents so much of all that is dear to that ancient State. Its commander, born on our soil, edu- cated at West Point, a veteran of the Mexican war, was destined to win new laurels and retire with the rank of brevet major-general. Its lieutenant-colonel, educated at West Point, retired with the rank of brevet major-general. Of its officers, 35 were graduates of colleges, and many more interrupted their higher education to enter the service, and 24 were killed in battle or died in the hospital of wounds or disease contracted in the line of duty. The valor and devotion of the enlisted men were abundantly manifest upon many fields. At Cedar Mountain the loss was 35 per cent; at Antietam, 25 per cent; at Chancellorsville, 33 per cent of those in action, and at Gettysburg 44 men out of every 100 who went into the battle were killed or wounded. In the war 843 men were killed, wounded, and disabled in action or by accident or disease. Well may the men of this regiment take to themselves the words that Address of Mr. Mood v. 13 were spoken b\- the side of the niomnnent of Robert G. Shaw, who entered tlie service with them as an officer: All, when the fi.tjlit is won. Dear Land, whom triflers now make bold to scorn (Thee! from whose forehead Earth awaits her morn), How nobler shall the sun Flame in th\' sky, how braver breathe thy air, That thou bredst children who for thee could dare And die as thine have done ! Although the limitations of this occasion prohibit a description in detail of General Cogswell's military serv- ices, a sketch of them can by no means be omitted. In the latter part of 1861 and the early part of 1862 he was under Banks's command. In March, 1862, when Banks was driven out of the Shenandoah Valley and across the Potomac at Williamsburg, the Second Massachusetts was the rear guard which, by its dogged persistence, resisted the approach of the victorious troops of Jackson. At Cedar ]\Iountain and at Antietam the regiment was hotly engaged, and in the latter battle Captain Cogswell received a sliglit wound. On September 25, 1862, he was detailed as acting major of the regiment and mustered in as lieu- tenant-colonel October 23, 1862. On the second day of the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, Colonel Cogswell received a severe wound in the left arm, from the effects of which he always suffered. Under his command the regiment fought on this battlefield until it was without ammunition of its own, and then continued the contest with ammunition gathered from the cartridge boxes of the wounded and dead of the retreating enemy, until this ammunition in its turn was exhausted. On June 25, 1863, when 24 years of age, he was mustered in as col- onel of the regiment. By reason of the wound whicli he i6 Life and Character of II 'illiaui Cogswell. the fields of the many where we had engaged in battle when we besieged the city. I came back to see a typical American city, built ujion the ruins and the ravages of war, in a contest in which its defenders had been defeated, and I was proud to see it capable so soon of renewing its old American .spirit and putting it.self in the front, where the noble and enterpri.sing citizens of Atlanta have put that beautiful "Gate City" of the South. Mr. Speaker, when the proposition came before nie as a member of the Committee on Appropriations whether in this enterpri.se, which contains all of the elements of sticce.ss, we .should take a part and have the Government exhibits displayed and help along the great exposition, I .said to that people, " If I stand alone there is one voice and one vote that will give Atlanta any reasonable assistance from the General Govern- ment." And so, all hail to her in her grand and what I believe will be successful exposition ! No man in the Union could have spoken more effectively for Atlanta's cause. No one more fittingly could carry from his comrades in arms and the people of his State their message of peace and good will to the new South than the man who, within its limits, had wrought ruin by fire and sword. After the destruction of ..Vtlanta, Colonel Cog.swku. was with Sherman on the n;arch to Savannah, and in the opera- tions about that city was promoted upon the battlefield and assigned to the comijiand of a Ijrigade. His brevet as brigadier-general dated from December 12, 1864, and on Januar\- 12, 1865, he was assigned b\' the President to the command of the Third Brigade of the Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, and continued in conmiand until June 13, 1865, when the corps was discontinued. At the battle of Avery.sboro, in April, 1865, ]\Ir. COGS- WELL was again wounded, but not so severely as to keep Address of Mr. Moody. 17 him from duty, for two days later we find him engaged upon a field where, according to the official report, upon the morning after the engagement three distinct rows of the enemy's dead were in the rear of his brigade. Here, too, he received a slight wound from a piece of shell. At the close of the war, on July 24, 1865, he was mus- tered out and honorably discharged, after four years and three months of service, and at the age of 26 years returned to the practice of law. I can not trust m>-self to speak of these years of splendid service. He who has not "shared the incommunicable experience of war" has neither the capacity nor the right to describe it. I trust I may be pardoned if, failing in my own, I borrow the words of a gallant soldier who in civil life has adorned an illustrious name. Mr. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, speaking on Memorial I)a>- to the students of Harvard College, said: Most men who know battle know the cynic force with which the thoughts of common sense will assail them in times of stress, but they know that in their greatest moments faith has trampled tho.se thoughts underfoot. If you have been in line, suppose on Tremont Street Mall, ordered .simply to wait and to do nothing, and have watched the enemy bring their guns to bear upon you down a gentle slope like that from Beacon street, have seen the puff of the firing, have felt the burst of the spherical-case shot as it came toward you, have heard and .seen the .shrieking fragments go tearing through your company, and have known that the next or the next shot carries your fate; if you have advanced in line and have .seen ahead of you the spot which you must pass where the rifle bullets are striking; if you have ridden by night at a walk toward the lilue line of fire at the "Dead Angle" of Spottsylvania, where for twenty-four hours the soldiers were fighting on the two sides of an earthwork, and in the mornin.<^ the dead and dying lay piled in a row six H. Doc. 332 2 i6 Life and Cliaractcr of William Cogs^vell. the fields of the many where we had enga<^ed in battle when we besieged the city. I came back to see a typical American cit\-, huill upon the ruins and the ravages of war, in a contest in which its defenders had been defeated, and I was proud to see it capable so soon of renewing its old American spirit and putting itself in the front, where the noble and enterprising citizens of Atlanta have put that beautiful "Gate City" of the South. Mr. Speaker, when the propo-sition came before me as a member of the Committee on Appropriations whether in this enterpri.se, which contains all of the elements of success, we should take a part and have the Government exhibits displayed and help along the great exposition, I said to that people, " If I stand alone there is one \-oice and one vote that will give Atlanta any reasonable assistance from the General Govern- ment." And so, all hail to her in her grand and what I believe will be successful exposition ! Neman in the Union could have spoken more eflfectively for Atlanta's cause. No one more fittingly could carry from his comrades in arms and the people of his State their message of peace and good will to the new South than the man who, within its limits, had wrought ruin by fire and sword. After the destruction of ^Atlanta, Colonel Cooswell was with Sherman on the inarch to Savannah, and in the opera- tions about that city was promoted upon the battlefield and assigned to the command of a brigade. His brevet as brigadier-general dated from December 12, 1864, and on January 12, 1865, he was assigned b\ tlie President to the command of tlic Third Brigade of the Third l)i\-ision. Twentieth Army Corps, aud continued in command until June 13, 1865, when the corps was discontinued. ;\t the battle of Averysboro, in A})ril, 1865, Mr. Cocs- WELL was again wounded, but not so .severely as to keep yldcirrss o/Mr. Mood v. 17 him tVoiii diit\', for two da\s later we find him engaged upon a field where, according to the oflticial report, upon the morning after the engagement three distinct rows of the enemy's dead were in the rear of his brigade. Here, too, he received a slight wound from a piece of shell. At the close of the war, on July 24, 1865, he was mus- tered out and honorabh' discharged, after four years and three months of ser\-ice, and at the age of 26 \-ears returned to the practice of law. I can not trust myself to speak of these years of splendid service. He who has not "shared the iucomnnniicable experience of war" has neither the capacit}' nor the right to describe it. I trust I may be pardoned if, failing in ni\- own, I borrow the words of a gallant soldier who in civil life has adorned an illustrious name. Mr. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, speaking on Memorial Day to the students of Harvard College, said: Most men who know battle know the cynic force with which the thoughts of common .sense will assail them in times of stress, but they know that in their greate.st moments faith has trampled those thoughts underfoot. If you ha\-e been in line, suppose on Tremont Street Mall, ordered simply to wait and to do nothing, and ha\-e watched the enemy bring their guns to bear upon you down a gentle slope like that from Beacon street, have .seen the puff of the firing, have felt the burst of the spherical-case shot as it came toward you, have heard and seen the shrieking fragments go tearing through your company, and have known that the next or the next shot carries your fate: if yon have advanced in line and have seen ahead of you the spot which von must pass where the rifle bullets are striking; if von have ridden by night at a walk toward the blue line of fire at the "Dead Angle" of vSpottsylvania, where for tweiUy-fonr hours the soldiers were fighting on the two sides of an earthwork, and in the morning the dead and dying lay piled in a row si.x H. Doc. ^^2 2 i8 Life and Character of ]\'illia»i Cogsicell. deep, and as you rode have heard the bullets splashing in the mud and earth ahcjut \ou; if you have been on the picket line at night in a black and unknown wood, have heard the spat of the bullets upon the trees, and as you moved have felt your foot slip upon a dead man's body; if you have had a blind, fierce gallop against the enemy, with your Ijlood up and a pace that left no time for fear: if, in short, as some, I hope many, who hear me have known, yon have known the vicissitudes of terror and of triumph in war, you know that there is such a thing as the faith I spoke of. You know your own weakne.ss and are modest, but you know that man has in him that unspeakable .somewhat which makes him capable of miracle, able to lift him- self by the might of his own soul, unaided, able to face annihi- lation for a blind belief. The men of my generation can never hope to understand the Irutli wliicli these words seek to tell ns. The\- come faintly to us like the sound of a distant bugle call, quick- ening the pulse with the hope that we might not be found wanting in an hour of trial. But the generation which is reaping where it has not sown, though it know not the agony of the seedtime, can measure the abundance of the harvest ; and as one by one, with ever-increasing frequency, those who by their valor and devotion have united discordant States into a lasting Union, sustained b\- the willing loyalt\- of freemen North and South alike, fall from the ranks of the li\-ing, upon their graves we reverent!}' lay the tribute of our enduring gratitude. Mr. Cogswell was married on June 20, 1865, to Kmma Thorndike Proctor, who died A])ril i, 1877. Of this mar- riage there are now li\'ing two children, William and Kmma Sil.sby. He married again on December 12, 18S1, Eva M. Uavis, who survives him. Address of Mr. Moody. 19 Tlie membership of tliis House for thirty years has dem- onstrated liow often the qualities of leadership which were developed in the war have led on to promotion in the walks of civil life. It was thus in the case of Mr. COGS- WKLL. Two years after his retirement from the AnuA' he was elected mayor of the city of vSalem, and served three years in that office. .Vsjfain, in 1S73 and 1874, he was reelected to that position. Five times, in 1870, 1871, 18S1, 1882, and 18S3, he was elected to membership in the Massachusetts house of representatives. In 1876 he was appointed inspector-general of fish throughout the State of Massachusetts, and held that lucrative office for ten years. In 1885 and 1886 he was a member of the State senate of Massachusetts. In all of these positions he rendered faithful and efFectix'e service. In 1886 he was elected from the Essex district of Massa- chusetts to membership in the Fiftieth Congress, and later reelected to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, Fifty-third, and Fifty-fourth Congresses. The principal committees on which he served were those on .\ppropriations. Rivers and Harbors, and the District of Columbia. In this presence I refrain from dwelling upon his service in this Chamber. Those who are to follow me can best do that. Rut this much I know and can say: To every duty wliich his position imposed upon him he was faithful to the end. No duty was so great that he shrank from it; none so small that he neglected it. He was neither an orator nor a frequent speaker, but he lent to all that he said the weight of sincerit\- and truth. Massachusetts has had few Repre- sentatives who have wielded a greater influence than his. He was respected and loved by his associates. Although he 20 Life and CJiaracter of IVilliam Cogswell. was unswerving in his allegiance to the principles of the Republican part\', he never forfeited the confidence and respect of gentlemen on the other side of the Chamber. While he never forgot the cause to which he had devoted the best years of his life upon the Ijattlefield, and jealously guarded everv right which he had helped to win, he had no more loving friends than his associates here against whom lie had so strenuously fought day after day for more tlian four vears. With him there was no shadow of \iclding of any of the great results of the war; but, saving this, with him the war was done wdien lie laid aside his sword in 1865. He so conducted himself in his great office as a repre- sentatix'eof the people in the Congress of the I'uited States that lie grew year after year in the esteem of his constitu- ents, so that in the election of 1894 he was returned to the Fifty-fourth Congress by a plurality of more than 10,000 votes. I!ut this message of renewed confidence from his people fell upon ears dulled by approaching death. The disease from whicli Mr. CoG.swELi. had been suffering for many months began in the autumn of 1894 to assume an alarming aspect. He was able to take little part in the political can- vass of that year, and it was not until January that he took his seat in the last session of the Fifty-third Congress, iiut his work was done. A few days of attendance on the sessions of the House ser\-ed but to convince him and his sorrowing colleagues of tlie havoc which disea.se had wrouglit in the sturd}' frame, and he soon sought to recover health and strength under more fa\'oring skies. In the Island of Jamaica, cheered by the companionship of his loving wife, he seemed at first to gain in vigor; but Address of Mr. Moody. 21 the hope which the teinporar\' improvement aroused in the breast of the stricken man soon passed awa}'. Returninfr to our shores, slowly he made his way northward tlirough (Georgia and Tennessee and North Carolina and Virginia, all so full of memories for him. The kindness of the people of the South, and especialh' of those of Atlanta, seemed like a benediction in those final days. He reached Wash- ington, but he could go no farther. Here he lingered until the 22d of May, 1S95. Then, surrounded and sustained by the love of children and of the woman who had been com- panion, friend, and wife alike, he passed into the eternal rest. When a few days later, in the cit\' of his home, he lay waiting the solemn service for the dead, a great throng of men and women came to his side for the last farewell. They remembered the steadfast friend, the faithful official, tlie brave soldier, and for him they mourned. They knew that after a lifetime of public service he had died in lionor- able po\-ert\', and in that the\- rejoiced. Mr. Speaker, the life which has been so lived has not been lived in vain, and its lesson will endure from genera- tion to generation, a heritage and an inspiration among his people. 22 Life and Character of William Cogswell. ADDRESS OF Mr. CATCHINGS. Mr. Catchixgs. Mr. Speaker, I have never known in all my life a man for whom I had greater admiration than I had for Mr. Cogswell. During his whole service in Con- gress my acquaintance with him was most intimate. In the Fiftieth Congress he was assigned to the Com- mittee on Ri\ers and Harbors, of which I was myself a member. The work of that committee is laborious and exacting, and calculated to bring to view both the strong and the weak characteristics of its members. It is wholly nonpartisan, and embraces the general subject of river and harbor improvement throughout the country. Delegations of citizens from every section come before it in advocacy of the projects in which they are chiefly concerned and to explain in general and in detail the character and extent of the commercial interests to be .subserved by the improve- ments sought by them. No member gave greater atten- tion to these demands or sought more diligently to .sift the good from the bad and to do what on the whole seemed best and wi.sest for the general welfare. It mattered not to him from what section these demands came. He was a national man in the broadest sen.se, and all that he cared to learn was whether or not they were worthy and, if allowed, would contribute to the general advancement and prosperity of tlie American people. It was a great pleasure to him to listen to the recital of the facts furnished by the.se delegations which gave evidence of the marvelous growth of our country and its future possibilities. I was soon impressed by his usefulness anil his jnire and I^atriotic instincts, and we .speedily grew to be warm and Address of Mr. Catchings. 23 devoted friends. He was a man of extraordinary natural ability, and his information on all subjects was extensive and accurate. The work of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, while useful and interesting in the highest degree, is so exacting and confining that its members are largely pre- cluded from general participation in the work of Congress and for that reason from manifesting their capabilities. I met him on the streets of this city one night shortly before the organization of the Fifty-first Congress, which was to be controlled by his party, and asked him what committee assignment he contemplated seeking. He replied that he supposed he would go back on the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. I said to him that his abilities and character entitled him to a position which would enable him to take a leading part in shaping legislative policies, and that he would do himself great injustice to again bind himself to the exacting labors of that committee, which he could leave without sacrificing any of the local interests of his State. His modesty was so great that I am quite sure he was somewhat startled when I urged him to apply for a place on the great and powerful Committee on Appropria- tions, but he finally consented to do so. He secured the transfer, and we all know how full\- he at once measured up to his increased responsibilities and forged to the front as one of the boldest, most attractive, and most trusted leaders of the House. No man rejoiced more than myself over the superb manner in which he bore his new honors, or the brilliant success which marked his career from that time until his death. Democrats and Republicans vied with each other in manifesting for him the most profound respect and 24 Life and Character of M'illiavi Cogszce/l. affectionate regard. I remcHiber when the committees were being framed in tlie Fifty-second Congress Speaker Crisp asked me to ascertain what assignments Mr. COGS- WELL wished, saying that his abilities and high character •entitled him to anything that he wanted. He was a strong and nnswerv'ing partisan, as he had the right to be, but with it all he was so manly, so fair, so honest, so brave, and so strong that he commanded the nnqnalified admiration of all. But I prefer to remember him as I knew him in the companionship of private life. Scarcely a day passed that he and I did not contrive in some way to get together and abandon ourselves to the pleasures of friendly intercourse. How I enjoyed these occasions I can not describe. His thoughts were so elevated and pure, his manners so gentle and refined, and his infor- mation so varied and rich that it was not onl\- profitable but ennobling to be with him. If he had any faults of character I never discovered them. To me he was always a wise, noble, and virtuous man, a winsome, knightly gen- tleman, and a delightful companion. The country never had a more ardent defender nor the people a truer friend or more devoted public servant. Had he lived he would surely have grown in power, and that power would as surely have been used for the public good as he saw and understood it. When the sad tidings of his death reached mc in ni\- dis- tant vSouthern home I grieved as sincerely and truly as though he had been flesh of my flesh and bone of my bone. No recompense can be made to liis bereaved family for his untimely loss, but it should be some consolation to them to know that he was universally honored and beloved and that his friends mourn with them sincerely and deeply. Address of Mr. Jl'al/ccr. 25 Address of Mr. Walker. Mr. Walker. ^Ir. Speaker, Mr. Willi.\.m Cogswei.i.'.s name will alwav.s be lield in hiorhest honor in this House, in his town, in his Congressional district, in the State of Massachnsetts, and in the whole country. I had known of hiui for many years, but the first time I met him was upon the assembling- of the Fift^■-first Con- gress, in December, 1889. I ne\-er shall forget the meetings of the Massachusetts delegation to take account of our duties to [Massachusetts as a delegation. Congressman Rockwell presided, and Mr. Cogswell took the lead in discussing the various plans whereb\' each member could best serve our beloved State. In this he pecnliarh- revealed himself Plight of us were new members. There, as e\erywhere, he knew no political parties when tiie interests of Massachusetts were at stake. The two Democrats in the delegation were as fully con- sidered as Republicans and secured some of the very best a.ssignments. His strength of character and skill in making the dele- gation felt in the House as a solid force for Massachusetts was exceptional. While always a thorough Republican, he knew no party in the House when party politics was not forced upon him. Like the noble soldier that he was, errors in war or peace, long ago forgiven by him and the country, were buried in oblivion. Indiscretions in bringing old errors and differ- ences of speech and conduct into prominence to revive bitter memories by any member of the House never angered 26 Life and Character of William Cogsivell. or provoked repl)' from lliis noble patriot. His f^reat heart passed them by in noble sorrow that small minds could not let the dead past lie quietly in its grave in the interest of a harmonious and patriotic living present. His sense of honor and love of justice was keen above that of almost any man I ever knew. He was always exceedingly watchful for the interests and reputation of every one of his colleagues. He would be at any pains to protect any one of them from being misunderstood, or to .see that credit was bestowed where justly due. He was in every fiber an honest man. In fact, his high sense of honor, ever prompting him to conscientious dis- charge of the burdensome duties of the high places assigned him in this House, very perceptibly shortened his life. There has not been a single man in any of the many Congresses in which he .served who was not proud to count Mr. CoGSWEi.i. or did not feel that he was among his friends. Where so much depends upon the personal good will of one's colleagues in securing legislation desired, no man in Congress was any more successful than I\Ir. CoGSWKiJ.. His lovable qualities, added to his acknowl- edged ability, made him peculiarly successful. His death was to me a very great personal sorrow and official loss. I feel shorn of half my ])ower and influence in his absence from the halls of legislation. His sym- l)ath\' with his associates, whicli led him alwa\s to put the better rather than the w'orsc construction upon words and conduct, his disinterested advice and assistance, seemed to double the influence of each one of us. Ma.ssachusetts sadl\- misses him from the halls of lei-islation. Address of Mr. JfaZ/ccr. 27 All of Its who had the great felicity of being counted among his dear friends mourn him with the sincerest sor- row. The district, the State, as well as the whole country he so faithfully served, hold his memory as a rich inherit- ance for their children. 28 Lijc and C Iiaractcr of II 'illiaui Cogsiccll. Address of Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. vSpeaker, so far as word.'; of mine are concerned, I niij^ht as well rest this memorial service upon the e.xceedini CogsiccU. propriety of great citizenslii]); and in liis ii])riglit manhood he was a man of the liighest integrit)-, a man of the strictest adherence to honor, a man whose faithfuhiess to friendship was only eqnaled by his faithfnlness to dnty. Nothing that has happened in my experience here in Congress was more jiainfnl forme to witness than the strug- gle of r^Ir. Cogswell with that fell destroyer that finally conquered when he died. I talked with him on several occasions, and he told me that he had been warned that he ought to leave, and I tirged him to go. I urged him to go to other climes and other atmospheres and seek health and restoration, but he said he had come from strong stock and felt that he could recover. He did not believe he was going to be stricken down. He did not speak of any tmfulfilled ambition, tor I never heard him speak of ambition, but then and always he spoke of his dut\- to the .State and the coun- try. He was not a provincial representati\'e. He never spoke about the section of the country- from which he came. It was impossible that a man with such a military record as his, a man who stood where he had stood, a man who fought where he had fought, a man who had associated where he had associated, should l)e a ])ri)\incialist. It could not be expected that he would be a uainiw-miuded representative of a single section of the country, and I never heard him put the claims of one section against aiu- other section. P)Ut 1 was speaking of his struggle against death: It was a fight for life, and whun I saw him coming back from the Soutli with death upon him I tried to encourage him. I hap])ened to be in the city on the very day he died. I tried to encourage him in that way which we are all so much in the habit of doing, saying that lie had recovered his looks Address of Mr. Grosvcnor. 33 and his strength. He said, " No, no; the battle is over;" and that was all he said. He did not discuss with me any- thing about his fears or hopes or an\thiug of that sort, but simply said, witli a resignation that astonished me, "No; the battle is over. " Mr. Speaker, his example was one worth)- of our emula- tion. The grand State that he had the honor in part to represent on this floor has lost another of her distinguished sons. I honor that great Commonwealth, that produces such eminent gentlemen on all occasions to take the places of her fallen great ones. Webster may fall, Sumner may pass away, and Mr. CoG.SWELL may vanish to the other shore, and yet there comes and will continue to come from Massachusetts, from that old stock of Puritans, ingrafted here and commingled with the blood of other nations, great men to fill the places of those who have fallen, but they can have no greater exhibition of statesmanship and manhood and no higher mark of emulation than is found in the life, career, and character of WiLLi.-\-M CoGSWELL. H. Doc. 332 3 34 Life and Character of William Cogswell. Address by Mr^ dockery. Wx. DocKKRV. Mr. S])caker, I reg;rcl that circumstances prevent me fmm paving to tlie life and character of the late William Cogswell the tribute I would desire to offer. But I can not forbear a single observation with respect to the high character of his public services and the stainless record of his private life. My acquaintance with Mr. Cogswell began with the Fiftieth Congress, and I served with him upon the Commit- tee on Appropriations during a period of six years. I knew him intimately as a member of that great committee, but was brought perhaps into even closer relations with him as a member of the special connnittee appointed to investigate the expenditures and conduct of the World's Columbian Exposition, whose exacting duties required their presence at Chicago for nearly two weeks. ]\Ir. Speaker, I recall in passing the oft-repeated opinion of Mr. Cogswell that the unanimous finding of this committee contributed very much to the success of that most marvelous Exposition of all time. A very brief time has wrought man}- changes in the rela- tions of that committee since their report was submitted to Congress in 1892. Of those who composed the committee, Breckinridge of Arkansas, courtly, scholarly, and the very soul of honor, represents the Rejiublic at the Court of St. Petersburg; Compton, genial and capable, is naval officer of customs at the ])ort of Baltimore; Henderson, chivalrous, able, and jjatriotic, is still an honored Representative of Address of Mi: Dockcry. 35 the great State of Iowa on this floor; while the sleeping dnst of iMr. Cogswell rests in the soil of the Common- wealth of Massachnsetts. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Cogswell was an earnest and con- vincing speaker, bnt to me rugged integrity, exalted cour- age, and sound judgment seemed to be his most conspicuous gifts, and they appeared to greatest advantage in the labors of the committee room. And in this arena, too, he was a sage in counsel and an unrelenting foe of every unworthy scheme and questionable proposition. He was indeed an efficient guardian of the people's interests. But, Mr. Speaker, I will not enter into the details of his long and useful career. I leave to others the privilege of properly presenting the brilliant record of Mr. Cogswell as a soldier, a legislator, a citizen, and a husband and father. He was brave and manh-, bluff, candid, honest, tireless and faithful in the discharge of every duty devolved upon him: The knight's bones are dust, And his good sword rust; His soul is with the saints, I trust. 36 Lijc and Characler of William Cogswell. Address of Mr. Henderson, Mr. Hexdersox. Mr. Speaker, one of the greatest pleas- ures, we will all agree, that we have in this public life springs from the strong, warm friendships that we form among our associates. The saddest experience that we have as members of this body is when one is torn from us whom we have learned to love. William Cogswell was one of my closest friends, the dearest and the most trusted that I have ever had during my membership of this House; and I share with others who knew him in feeling, deeply feeling, the great loss that has come to us. What can any of us say to-day about our absent, silent friend? We can only feebly summarize some of his lead- ing deeds and characteristics — opening, it may be, a page here of his life which reveals the lion, and then another page giving us some of the sunlight of his warm, rich life. Fortunately for him, his life was more eloquent than anything that the lips of warmest friend can speak this afternoon. Did I call liim absent friend? Xo; not absent while one remains on earth who ever felt and truly understood the charm, the intensity, the warmth, the honest}-, the tender- ness of his great soul, his great life. So many die and pass away, and the world says "Amen," and the fairest critics of their lives have hut little to say in their behalf Others come and stay with us and touch our lives and fill our souls with tender melodies and then pass away into the darkness, and questions loom up in our souls Address of Mr. Henderson. 37 which we seem to hurl at the foot of the eternal throne demanding an explanation of this breaking up of our loves. And so it was with Mr. Cogswell. For months he bravel>- and patiently lingered in the cruel agonies of sickness, and during that period of uncertainty many of us anxiously hoped that the dreaded message of the wires, which we knew must come, might in some wax- be averted. When at last the cruel, brief, chilling word "Dead" came to us, it was almost rebellion that rose tip in our souls, and all our religion, all our philosophies, failed to keep down the bitter plaint that we sent to the Master. Wh>' should he go while yet so young, so fond of life, so fond of all that sweetest is in life? The power that issued the final edict must have known how many hearts were pierced by the dread shaft when Mr. Cogswell died. Some men seem made of only one material. We see one man made of granite; another is made in softer mold of some fine clay; and another rises like some lofty pine until heaven's warmest sunlight touches his head. Some seem to have their existence only in the garden where the fairest flowers are found. Another seems to draw his life material from the great, dark sorrows of humanity. Then another is made of the melodies that come to us from the groves where the muses dwell. One heart is made only of stern material, while another consists of life's sweetest loves and holiest, tenderest sym- pathies. When the life of 'Six. COGSWELL comes to be written, it will have to be said that he was a composite man. .\11 the mighty feelings that surge through great hearts have passed tlirough his and left their abiding influence. 38 Life and CJiaractcr of William Cogswell. When heroes were needed, Mr. Cogswell conld easily be found. When the tender sympathies of a woman were needed, his heart was loaded with tliat sweet necessity of life. His close companions, those whom he loved, knew him to be great in God's holiest, sweetest, and tenderest gifts, as well as great in the heart that accomplishes the t^^rand achievements of life. He had a soul fitted to reprove the wicked. He had au arm potential against the oppressor. He had a heart daunt- less in the face of danger, ever quick to respond when duty called him to action. The tear of a suffering child, the sigh of an unfortunate woman, and the pitiful look of the debased, all found sympathy in his great soul. If he had sins — and who has not? — "they leaned to virtue's side." We have lost in his death one with every sweet element of the dearest relationships of life. The truest orations that will be delivered to the memory of Mr. Cogswell will only be heard by the angels as they are delivered in the aching hearts that loved him best. Address of Mr. Aforse. 39 ADDRESS OF Mr. Morse. Mr. MoR.SK. Mr. Speaker, an effort has been made at pre- vious Congresses of which I ha\-e been a member to abolish these memorial services in honor of our deceased members. I trust that proposition will never prevail, and that the time-honored custom in which we are now engaged will continue. Surely it is good tt) suspend our labor for a brief season, when one of our members is called away, and recite his virtues, recount his service to his countr}', that others ma)- be incited to patriotism and high and noble endeavor. I say it is good, I\Ir. Speaker, to suspend our busy work here for a brief hour on such an occasion as this and ponder upon the solemn fact that we, too, are mortal; that we have here no continuing city, and that sooner or later our work, too, will be done. And I am sure, in this connection, that it is pleasant to reflect that should we be called hence dur- ing our term of office our fellow-members would gather in this Hall and recall our memory and speak kindly of us. I think Shakespeare spoke ironically when he said: The evil that men do lives after them : the good is oft interred with their bones. I think it is exact!)- the other way, and it is well that it should be. We love to recount the worthy deeds and noble actions and the good there is in the lives of those who have fallen asleep. My acquaintance with William Cogswell began more than a decade ago, when we were both elected mem- bers of the Ma.ssachusetts State .senate; he from Esse.K County, I fronr Norfolk Count)-. 40 Life and Character of JVi/liam Cogswell. I learned to esteem liiui there, not only as a faithful serv- ant of the State, jealous of every interest of Massachusetts, but as a man of generous impulses, with noble tjualities of soul and mind. What he was in the State legislature of ^lassachusetts he was in a much greater and larger degree as a Representative of that ancient Commonwealth for eight years on the floor of the national House of Representatives. I need not tell any of the older members here who served with him of his untiring industry, of his zeal in the dis- charge of his public duties upon the important committees to which he was assigned by Speaker Carlisle, Speaker Reed, and Speaker Crisp. I need not tell any of his comrades, soldiers of the Union Army, how he loved them, how he was instant in season and out of season, willing and anxious to do everything to promote their welfare and to extend to them a heljDing hand and the bounty of the Government, when they needed it, which they heljjed to save. He was proud of the Commonvv'ealth which honored him, and the Commonwealth was proud of Mr. CoG.SWELL; and I do not think I am extravagant when I say in this presence and on this occasion, the bra\'e man wore himself out in her service. He struggled bravely and nianfulh- with the disease that was gnawing at his vitals. Whenever I met him beseemed cheerful and hopeful, and longed for the day when he could return to duty and the service of the dear old Common- wealth that he loved. As a specimen of his gencrosit\' and magnanimity and the big soul that was within him, let me recite an incident. Address of Mr. Morse. 41 When the appropriation for the \\'orld's Fair was under consideration, I was strongly opposed to opening that exposition on the Lord's day. The General, for reasons known to himself, took the opposite view, and thought that the best way to take care of the thronging thousands who were to attend the exposi- tion was to let such attend on the Lord's day as wished to. When the matter was under consideration in this House, I was confined to my bed by illness and was unable to deliver a speech which I had prepared. I telegraphed to Mr. Cogs- well to ask perinission to print my speech in the Record. At great personal inconvenience to himself he procured such permission, knowing m\- views to be entirely and utterly opposed to his own. On another occasion a sick and wounded soldier came to this cit)- from my district to seek my assistance at the Pen- sion Bureau. He found me absent in consequence of illness. Mr. Cogswell took the man, a humble man, only a private in the Army, and went with him to the Pension Bureau and procured for him the information which he desired to expedite his claim. These little incidents, perhaps trifling in themselves, show the large heart that was in this man. As straws tell which way the wind blows, so the little events of life go to make up character. Did you ever think what the righteous are finally com- mended for in that awful day when they come to stand before the Judge of all the earth to give an account for the deeds done in the body? It is not for great deeds — founding an orphan asylum or a scholarship in a college, or endowing a school — great deeds printed in the newspapers and heralded abroad. 42 Life and Character of William Cogswell. Oh, no; what does the Judo;e say? "I was a hungered, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me." Then shall the righteous answer, "When saw we thee a hungered, and fed thee? Or thirsty, and gave thee drink? When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? Or naked, and clothed thee? Or when saw we thee sick, or in jjiison, and came unto thee?" Then shall the Judge sa}*: ' ' Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, j-e have done it unto me." Mr. Cogswell's funeral was one of the most notable and remarkable ever held in Massachusetts. When the funeral escort composed of his fellow-members reached his home, in the old city of Salem, they fotind the city draped in mourning, and the tolling bells told the grief and sorrow of her citizens over the death of the great man who had fallen. His funeral was attended by the governor, lieutenant- governor, senators, members of the executive council, members of the legislature, judges of the court, and the highest officers of the Commonwealth. He died in this capital city, where such a man would wish to die; he died in the cai)ital of the nation, where for eight years he had stood as a Representative from Massachusetts. Like the ancient gladiator, hedied on his shield; he sleeps bravely and well, and the old Commonwealth of Massachu- setts will revere and honor his memory until the latest time. The streets of the cit\- of vSalem were thronged Ijy thou- sands on the occasion of his funeral, not only the inhabit- ants of that city, but by his constituents from every jaart of the district he had the honor to represent. Address of Mr. Morse. 43 There was general sorrow, inouniing, and grief among all classes of people in Massachusetts, for in his death his constituents lost an able Representative, the Common- wealth of ^Massachusetts lost one of her first citizens, and I have lost a friend. The following clippings from several of the newspapers of my State give evidence of the sorrow of Massachusetts o\-er the untimely death of Mr. CoG.swEi.L: [l-ruin the Salem Gazette] From first to last he was the embodiment of integrity, no smirch of dishonor ever attaching to his name. [From the Nashua Telea:raph.] His place will not be easily filled. [Kroni the Haverhill Gazette.] Since his election General Cogswell has been faithful to every trust, great or small, reposed in him !)>• his constituents. [From the New Betlford Journal.] General Cogswell's story is soniethin.a: for the rising gen- eration to study. [From the Lewiston Journal.] His death is a serious public loss. [From the Worcester c.azctte.] General Cogswell was courteous and affable, a man who made and kept friends. [From the Clinton Item.] He was one of the ablest of the Massachusetts Congressional delegation. [From the Lawrence .\:nerican-] An exceptional career of usefulness to city. State, and nation is that just closed by the death of Representative Cogswell. [From the Haverhill IJulletin.] He was a noble son of old Essex County, but his love of country .spurned all boundary lines, and the broad scope of his mind gave him a deep interest in the interests of all sections. 44 Life and Character of William Cogsivell. [From the Lowell \'ox ropuli.] In the death of General Cogswell Maasachusetts loses a dis- tinguished son and the Sixth district an able Representative in Congress. [From the Springfield Republican.] The tributes to General Cogswell will help make clear to Massachusetts people how strong a hold on the confidence of men in public life he had earned by faithful work in \Va.sliington. [i-rom the Lowell Citizen.] General Cogswell merited well of his countrymen. [Frnni the I.ynn ItLiii] General Cogswell was- an example in patrioti.sm for the ycning of the countn,'. [From the Urockton Times.] Massachusetts will long honor the memory of Willlvm Cogs- well, of Salem. The State has had among its brave soldiers and faithful public servants few men who have commanded such universal esteem as he. [From the Lawrence .\meric.in.] An exceptional career of usefulness to city, State, and nation is that just closed by the death of Representative Cogswell. [From the New JJedford Standard.] By the death of Congressman Cogswell Massachusetts loses a Representative who always honored his State. He was an earnest, true, manl\- man. of whom the Commonwealth was proud. [l-roni the Clinton Item.] Gen. William Cogswell was one of the ablest of the Massa- chu.setts Congressional delegation ; his war record as colonel of the Second Massachusetts Regiment was excellent, and during his long term of service in the National House he has distin- guished himself and his district. [I-roni the Newlmryport News.] General Cogswell's career as a .soldier and as a statesman was an honorable one, and his devotion to the needs of the Sixth Address ofMr. Morse. 45 district, which he represented so well, will long be remembered. Eulogies will be spoken o\-er his body, but the best compliment that could be paid him was that of his own people, who, without regard to party affiliations, recognized his worth and without question elected him again and again to his Congressional seat. [From the I.owell Times.] Gen. William Cogswell, Congressman from the Si.xth Essex district, was a gallant soldier, a genial, kind-hearted man. and an able Representative. His friends and constituents will mourn his death as a personal loss. [From the r.owell Citizen.] General Cogswell was a brave patriot, a gallant soldier, who won his honors on the field of battle and bore them modestly, as all genuine men do. If he was a patriot in the field, he was no less a patriot in the halls of legislation, and his honorable record in the National Congress rounded out that quality which in the time of trial gave him distinguished reputation. [F'roiii the Springfield I'liion,] Massachusetts suffers serious loss in the death of General Cogswell. He has been very efficient in public .service, and his efficiency was largely due to the kindly personal character- istics which made friends for him even among his political opponents. He seemed good for a score of years yet, but it is probabh- true of him as of thousands of men who fought for the Union, that he sacrificed a quarter part of his natural life on his country's altar. The governor .sends a message to the legislature, as follows: Governor Greenhalge, in announcing to the legislature the death of General CocswELL, said : "William Cogswell, a Representative of the Common- wealth in the Congress of the United States, died this morning in Washington. Congress is not now in session. "A statesman in the active service of the Commonwealth has died at his post. I deem it fitting that the legislature of Massa- chusetts should appoint a connnittee of their honorable body 46 Life and Characlcr of William Cogszvell. to proceed forthwitli to Washington and escort the cortege on the journej- back to the former home of your Representative in Massachtisetts and do all things suitable and worthy of this solemn occasion." The legislature of Massachusetts passed the following resolutions on the death of Mr. CoGSWELL, on motion of Mr. Jordan, of vSalein: Resolved, That the legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts receives with profound sorrow and regret the sad intelligence, communicated by his excellenc}' the governor, of the death in Washington of the Hon. William Cogswell, Representative in the National Congress from the Sixth Massa- chusetts district. Resolved, That in the loss of General Cogswell Massachu- setts and the nation have lost one worthy- of every tokeii of honor and respect; one whose life was literally spent in the .service of his country. As a soldier he manifested a loyal and patriotic devotion to country by raising the first volunteer com- pany for the late war, and his able, efficient, and continuous service throughout the entire conflict resulted in a deserved promotion on the field to the rank of brigadier-general. As a statesman he reflected great credit upon city. State, and nation, and was excelled by none in diligent and effective public ser\-ice and in faithful and fearless performance of public duty. He possessed unsurpassed sagacity and steadiness of purpose, en- ergy, and wisdom, and a mar\-elous strength of character. General Cogswell departed this life having won, to a marked degree, the confidence, admiration, and affection of his con- stituents, and of all who were privileged to have any relations with him, together with the esteem of his associates in Con- gre.ss. Having devoted his life to duty, death found him crowned with the highest honors his district could bestow, with a national renown, and possessing the deepest regard of all the people. Resolved, That in this tribute to Gen. William Cog.swkll, the Commonwealth honors the memory of an eminent citizen, a brave soldier, and an able .statesman. Address of Mr. Morse. 47 The Republican Club of Massachusetts, a large and in- fluential body of citizens of the Commonwealth, unani- mously adopted the following resolutions: The Republican Club of Massachusetts, in common with all lovers of State and country, deeply regrets the death of Gen. William Cogswell, and joins in paying to the soldier and statesman the heart-felt tribute which his life and his qualities demand. No party or sectional lines bound the mourning for the leader, who has fought his last fight. His whole career, from the day when, as a young man, he mustered soldiers in defense of his country to the day of his death, is one constant lesson in patriotism that will endure and grow with the years to come. Everywhere and always he fought for the truth and against the lie. His political enemies were his personal friends, his per- sonal enemies nowhere to be found. He was a national figure that brought honor to Massachu- setts. In the high councils of the nation his voice was power- ful, his advice sought and followed. In the many circles of his life work he will be keenly missed, but especially here in his own State, where all knew him as a statesman, soldier, friend, and neighbor, the mourning will be most sincere. To his wife and family the Republican Club of Ma.ssachusetts, through its executive committee, extends its sympathy and mourns with them over his death in the height of his usefulness. Francis H. Appleton, President. Forrest C. Manchester, Secretary. When Mr. Cogswell was, with myself, a member of the Massachusetts Senate, Stephen N. Gifford, of Duxbury, a venerable old man, who had served the Senate for more than a generation as its clerk, died. He was a venerable man, beloved by everybody, and the Senate and House of Representatives voted to attend his funeral in a body, and the Senate voted to pronounce eulogies upon his memory. 48 Life and Character of William Cogswell. I shall never forget the closing words of ?ilr. Cogswell's address, which are, as I remember them, as follows: Dear Gifford, we shall see you no more; we shall listen to your pleasant greetings no more. Fare you well, Stephen N. Gifford, clerk. So I say, standing here and now in this great presence, in this Hall where his voice was heard, in this seat near where he sat. Fare thee well, dear COGSWELL, we shall hear your voice no more; we shall hear your pleasant greet- ing and feel the grasp of your hand no more; 3'ou have crossed the "great divide;" we will little longer wait. Fare you well, William Cogswell, a long and last and sad farewell. Address of Mr. Draper. 49 Address of Mr. Draper. ^Ir. Draper. Mr. Speaker, I can not better contribute to these services in honor of William Cog-SWELL's memory than by reading to the House the story of his military record, dictated by himself and confided to me for this pur- pose bv Mrs. Cogswell. It bears a touching dedication cal- culated to bring tears to the eyes of those who knew him: To my dear wife, as a souvenir, this substantially correct statement of my military career is dedicated for ' ' her tender care and keepinjf and disposal;" On the 19th of April, 186 1 , the Massachusetts vSixth was fired upon in the streets of Baltimore on its march to the defense of the capital. The news reached Salem, Mass., at i o'clock that afternoon. William Cogswell, then a young attorney about six months in practice and 22 years of age, turned his office into a recruiting bureau for a company of volunteers for the war, and in twenty-four hours thereafter he had recruited a full com- pany of 100 men. This was the first company raised in the country for the war. In May following it became Company C of Gordon's famous Second Massachusetts. As captain of that company Cogswell with his company and regiment left Massachusetts shortly after- wards and joined General Patterson's command at Martinsburg, now in West Virginia. When the Confederate General John- ston escaped from Patterson's front and joined Beauregard at the first Bull Run, Patterson was retired to Harper's Ferry and his connnand turned o\-er to General Banks. Here Captain Cogswell, with his own and three other com- panies, commanded the outposts of General Banks's command. Later in the season, the command having retired to Darnestovvn, Md. , the regiment marched to the support of our troops at the battle of Balls Bluff. That winter it bivouacked in the field, and the following spring made the advance with Banks up the H. Doc. 332 4 50 Life and Character of Jl'iniam Cogswell. Shenandoah Valley as far as Harrisonburg, \'a,, when it fell back to Strasburg, Ya.. . and here commenced the famous cam- paign in which Jackson drove Banks out of the valley and across the Potomac at W'illiamsport. During the early part of this retreat the Second Massachu- setts was the rear guard of Banks's column, and Captain Cogs- well's company with another skirmished in retreat from early in the afternoon until midnight, when Banks halted at \^'in- chester. During the skirmish in retreat with these two com- panies several charges of cavalr\- supported by infantry were made, but repulsed in every instance. The stout resistance of these companies was even mentioned in the Life of Stonewall Jackson. When the Union command halted at midnight at Winchester Captain Cogswell's company, although it had been skirmish- ing in retreat since early in the afternoon before, was placed on picket in front of our lines, which position he held against repeated attacks of the enemy, after daylight next morning, until Banks's troops could be thrown together in line, when a stubborn fight took place. But before long, Banks's whole line being nearly surrounded, it cut its way through, and the follow- ing night reached the Potomac at Williamsport. Later that season Cogswell with his company and regiment, in Banks's command, moved up the valley again, and after- wards crossed into the \'alley of \'irginia and took part in the battle of Cedar Mountain. Thence came the retreat under General Pope, back finally to the lines in and around Wash- ington: then to the battle of Antietam, where his company and regiment were engaged all day, himself receiving a .slight wound. Previous to this Gordon had been made a brigadier, and after the battle of Antietam the then Colonel Andrews was pro- moted, and Cogswell received his protnotion to be lieutenant- colonel of the regiment, which he afterwards commanded as lieutenant-colonel and colonel mitil he was promoted on the field at Savannah to the command of a brigade and a.ssigned to the command of the Third Division of the Twentieth Army Corps, which command he held until after the .grand review in Washington and his muster out of service in July, 1S65. Address of Mr. Draper. 51 After Antietam Cogswell conducted a night expedition across the river into Virginia, capturing a baud of guerrillas under the notorious Captain Burk, who was killed in the encounter. For this Cogswell received many compliments. The following spring he took part in Hooker's campaign at Chancellorsville, and at the head of his regiment in that bloody and disastrous battle was severely wounded in the left arm, which took him from the field, and from the effects of which he suffered up to the time of his death. While he was in hospital his regiment participated in the battle of Gettysburg, where it made a famous record. Soon after Gettysburg, with his arm in a sling and his wound not yet healed, COGSWELL resumed command of his regiment, which remained with the Army of the Potomac until the riots in New York. In that emergency his regiment and 19 others were selected as the best 20 regiments in the Army of the Poto- mac to go back to New York to quell the riot, protect that city, and subdue the rebel mob which then seemed to ha\'e possession of it. This was a duty which required the utmost coolness and caution, and in its execution Cogswell was situated with his regiment in Citj- Hall Park, now the site of the present post-office building, for the space of two weeks. Comparative quiet having been restored, with his regiment Cogswell re- joined the Army of the Potomac at the front, where it remained until after the battle of Chickamauga, when his corps, the Twelfth, and the Eleventh Corps, both under Hooker, were transferred to Tennessee and became part of the Arm)- of the Cumberland. While his division was guarding the line of railroad at the battle of Missionary Ridge it was ordered to the front to take part in the campaign of Atlanta, Cogswell being actively engaged with his regiment at the battle of Resaca, where he was mentioned for distinguished conduct. At the battle of Peach Tree Creek, in front of Atlanta, Cogswell was division officer of the daj'. It was noon, and the Union troops were resting en masse in the shade, taking their dinner, totally unpre- pared for and not expecting the sudden attack which Hood made upon the Union Army at that time. When it began there 52 Life and Character of William Cogswell. was nothing in front of the corps but Cogswell's line of divis- ion pickets, but, putting his reserve inunediately upon the Hne, he was enabled to check the rebel advance long enough to give the Union troops opportunity to deploy in line and prepare to meet the assault which almost inunediately followed. When the Union lines closed in on the immediate defenses of Atlanta, witli his regiment COGSWELL was ordered one morning to advance on the picket line and take some rebel earthworks. This was successfully done, despite a hot fire, and the rebel lines were driven back into their interior fortifications. When Sherman made his famous flank movement on the right Cogswell's command was retired to the Chattahoochee to defend that line. The flank movement resulting in the evacu- ation of Atlanta, Cogswell's command moved up into the city, and there he was made by General Sherman post commandant of Atlanta while the Union troops held the place, from Septem- ber 3 to November 17, 1864. This command he held with from 12,000 to 13,000 troops under him until after the Union Army had moved South on its march, and there Cogswell, with his provisional command, joined the main body of Sherman's arnn-. Continuing on to Savannah he was engaged in front of the works there some three days, during which he was sent with his regiment to Argyle Island, in the Savannah River, for the purpose of cutting off Hardee's retreat ; but that retreat had already begun before this expedition was completed, and Savannah was evacuated. At this point, as has been stated, Colonel Cogswell was pro- moted on the field and given a brigade conunand. Crossing into South Carohna at the head of his brigade he took part in the arduous and difficult campaign through South and North Caro- lina, being detailed frequently with liis regiment to meet the ever-repeated attacks of the rebel ca\-alry, whicli hovered in front of the advance. At the battle of Averysboro, in April, 1865, his brigade was actively engaged, losing heavily, and in this engagement Cogs- well was again .slightly wounded. Two days subsecjuent his brigade was detached from its corps and ordered to the Four- teenth Corps, to hold a line from which a Union division had Address of Mr. Draper. 53 just beeti driven. This line was not only successfully held, but Cogswell advanced his forces, meeting and overcoming three successive lines of the enemy. As was said in the words of another, ' ' The next morning three distinct windrows of rebel dead could be seen in rear of Cogswell's line, which showed that it had broken and driven back three distinct lines of the enemy." In this engagement General Cogswell was knocked over by a piece of shell, but was not .seriously injured. With his com- mand he marched to Raleigh, where Johnston capitulated to Sherman ; thence up through Richmond to the grand review at Washington; and, as stated before, in July, 1S65. he was mustered out of the ser\-ice. having rendered a continuous active sen-ice in the field of four years and three months. In addition to this stor}' of the General's own coniposi- tion, I will add just a brief statement from a man who served in the same command — Gen. Benjamin Harrison, ex- President of the United States. Rewrites to Mrs. Cogs- well as follows: I did esteem him very highly, and we had much delightful intercourse. He was a man whose heart was full of loyalt)- and courage — an unflinching and gallant soldier in action — a hearty and lovable comrade — and a just, kind, clear-headed man. If this brief but most sincere tribute can be made use of in any way to honor his memory, you are welcome so to use it, and I am glad that your letter gives me an opportunity to express my appreciation of a noble man. Most sincerely, yours Benjamin Harrison. It was not my fortune during my military service to have been associated with Mr. Cogswell. Soon after the war I met him in various military and political channels, and the friendship then formed endured to the end. He was bra\-e, loyal, a devoted friend, and an honorable aud outspoken opponent. 54 i^'fc n>id Character of William Cogswell. At the time nf his death he was one of the most distin- guished, if not the most distinguislied, of the remaining soldiers who served from Massacluisetts in the civil war. His career in jniblic life since the war, both at home and here in Congress, was a credit to himself and an honor to his State. His associates here, regardless of part}' or sec- tion, unite in sorrow for his loss and honor to his memory. In the words of Burns: He was an honest man: if there is another world he lives in bliss: If there is no other %vorld, he made the best of this. Before taking my seat I will read a brief letter which I have received from my colleague, j\lr. McCall, who would have taken part in these memorial services: House of Represent.-vtives, Washington, D. C, April i8, 1896. My De.\r Gener.\l: An imperative engagement out of the city will prevent me, much to my regret, from being present on Saturday at the consideration of the resolution in honor of our former colleague. Gen. \Villi.\m Cogswell. The high degree of popularity among members of the House which General Cocswell enjoyed was thoroughly desen.'ed. He was able, frank, and genial, diligent in the di.scharge of his duty, and his death was a loss to the whole country. He had the respect of everybody- and the warm affection of his friends, of whom, I am glad to .say, I was one. Sincerely, S. W. McCall. Gen. WiLLi.vji F. Draper, House of Representatives. Address of Mr. Tucker. 55 ADDRESS OF MR. TUCKER. Mr. Tucker. Mr. vSpeaker, I very much regret that the pressure of public business has prevented me from prepar- ing something worthy of tliis occasion and our friend who is the subject of these memorial ceremonies, but I am left to speak from the suggestions of the moment. I came to know William Cogswell in the Fifty-first Congress, in a Congress full of partisanship and feeling, but from the first day I met him I felt that he was a man who could be trusted, and a man worthy of all honor. Our friendship grew with time, and as I look back over an experience of seven years here, the warm friendships which have been made in that time and the noble characters with whom I have been brought in contact, I hesitate not to say that not one of them stands out more prominenth' in memory than our deceased friend, ;\Ir. CoGSWELL. .\s I think of the memorable speeches which have been made in this body since I have been a member of it, I recall many that have impressed me with the lawyer's skill and the orator's power; but, sir, I recall no speech in that time that exhibited the great virtue of patriotism more than the one made by 'Sir. Cogswell to which allusion has been made. I can never forget the impression made upon me by his speech on the Atlanta Exposition. I was op- posed to the bill to aid that exposition; I voted against it; I doubt not that my honored friend who sits before me [Mr. Sayers] voted against it; but the broad, catholic spirit 56 Life and Character of William Cogswell. of that speech and its qeiuiine patriotism won nie for life to the man who nttered it. Mr. vSpeaker, tliere was another quality of Mr. COGSWELL which the honorable (gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Grosvenor] has referred to, and which impressed itself upon everybody who knew him. There was no narrowness in his composi- tion. His political convictions were pronounced and fixed, but he did not "play" politics at the expense of his patri- otism. A lie, duplicity in any form, could not live in his nature. He was the personification of frankness ; and manhood, with all that the word imports, was his chief characteristic. For of all the qualities with which human nature is endowed I believe that one which Mr. Cocswkll possessed to a higher extent than any other is the most beautiful and the most worthy of emulation. His was indeed a manhood symmetrical in all its elements. Mr. Speaker, I mourn the death of our friend, for I counted him among my friends ; but, as has been well .said, his life was not lived in vain. In the great trouble in this country which succeeded the civil war Mr. Cogs- well, as a prominent factor in that strife, did as much, in my humble judgment, as any man who has lived in his day to smother the fires of that strife forever ; and surely no higher eulogy could be passed upon any man as a patriot than to say that he did what he could to bring together the distracted elements of our country. Mr. Speaker, when the history of the great men of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is written, the historian will find many who were eminent for their powers of oratory, or for their legal lore, or distinguished in art and in science ; but, believe me, there will be none in the long t Address of Mr. Tucker. 57 catalogue of the distinguished meu of that great State to whom she can more proudly point as a fit object of the emulation of her children in a sturd}' and robust manhood than William Cogswell, our friend, gone now forever. And since his blood has moistened the soil of old ^'irginia in time of war, I have deemed it a mournful pleasure that I, as one of her Representatives on this floor, have been permitted to bear testimony to his splendid character and drop a flower — a tribute of my affection — on his new-made grave. 58 Life and Character of William Cogswell. Address of Mr. Gillett. Mr. Gillett. Mr. Speaker, at the coiiiinencenieut of the last Congress the lotter\- of drawing seats placed me beside William Cogswell, and he seemed to take pleasure in inducting nie to my new position, instructing me about my duties, smoothing the way into pleasant and useful associa- tions, and exercising a general sponsorship which was most helpful and agreeable at the time and led to an intimacy and a gratitude which impels me now to a word of expres- sion. I appreciate how adequately he has already been portrayed and shall only attempt to summarily characterize what to me was most impressive in his personality as I saw him here and what I think was the secret of his wide influence. It was a quality of frank, direct, courageous sincerity which marked all his words and conduct. I do not think he was endowed with those shining traits which inevitably catch public admiration and rai.se a man above his fellows. He was not preeminently Ijrilliant or ])ro- found or farseeing or eloquent, but he brought to e\'er\' emergency a strong mind guided by a straightforward will, and his judgment was never clouded by the politician's baneful calculation of personal consequences. He chose •what seemed to him right, without afterthouglit, and hence his decision was quick and sound and earned respect and confidence. In social intercourse he won and kept his friends by no art or sycophancy, but by a free disclosure of his real per- sonality, and you felt here is a true man who does not seek to hide his defects beneath a cloak of reserve, and extended Addrt'ss of Mr. Gillctt. 59 acquaintance increased your reliance on liis transparent trustworthiness. He was a warm partisan and not without prejudices, and I think what quickest kindled his antipathy was a professed sanctity, springing not from conviction but from hypocritical prudence. Of such assumption he was innocent himself and outspoken in his contempt. Indeed, I sometimes thought his aversion led him to the other extreme, and that in his hatred of hypocrisy he almost posed as more lenient to vice than was his nature. Not only did he never "assume a virtue if he had it not," but virtues which were ingrained in his being he never paraded. It was this same quality of unostentatious sin- cerity which gave impressiveness to his public utterances and influence to his public example. For while a strong he was not a brilliant speaker ; he was a clear but not a deep thinker, a good but not a learned lawyer, an indus- trious but not tireless worker. But from him words, though not eloquent, and thoughts, though not striking, bore with them the weight of his stalwart personality. His shafts were always feathered with honesty and pointed with con- viction, and so flew far and penetrated deep. I think, too, his slender means added to his great popu- larity. While wealth acquired in public office does not imply corruption, yet the people are quick to ascribe an impregnable honesty to the man who through long service continues poor. And there is a certain propriety in this conclusion. Albert Gallatin, in 1S18, wrote to Baring Bros., in reph- to their tender of a lucrative position : I will not accept your obliging offer, because a man who has had the direction of the finances of his couutrj' as long as I have should not die rich. 6o Life and Character of William Cogswell. And although that showed a sensitiveness far above the modern standard, and which perhaps can not be logically defended, ^-et it appeals directly to the popular heart. And I think some of the warm sympathy and attachment to Mr. Cogswell sprang from the fact that public office never brought to him private luxury. That he should leave at his death an estate less than $500 was accepted as a natural and honorable result of a pure and disinterested public career. His position here was eminent and distinguished, influ- ential alike from personal popularity and proved desert. Perhaps his associates were unconsciously affected, too, by the knowledge that he had been a brilliant soldier; that his energ}' and prudence and dauntless courage had made him a general when in appearance yet a boy, though this was never disclosed by any allusion of his own. To those of tis who have only known the "canker of a long peace" the reputation of success in war invests its possessors with a glamour to which their perils well entitle them, and ■which, I trust, may never be diminished. The fact that at 26 he had fought his way to the head of a brigade gave authority to his opinions. Indeed, there was ever about him a flavor of that blunt directness which we associate with the resolute soldier. And if he had nut the poetic, quivering imagination wliicli soars into the highest flights of eloquence, he was free from the feverish and variable judgment of the poet; if he lacked the profotind and all- embracing grasp of the philosopher, he had not his uncer- tainty and hesitation in action; if he was not gifted with genius, he was without its aberrations and eccentricities and mistakes. God gave him a noble heart and strong Address of Mr. Cillctt. 6i talents, whicli he did not Iiide in a nai:)kin, but so eiiij^loved tliem as to be more effectual and fruitful for himself and for liis country than endowments far more lavish. His useful career seems but the acting out of his manly nature, and well illustrates the classic admonition — To thine own self be true, and it must follow as the night the day, thou cans't not then be false to any man. Mr. MoODV. Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption of the resolutions. The resolutions were adopted unanimously; and the House accordingly, as a mark of respect to the memory of ]Mr. Cogswell (at 2 o'clock and 51 minutes p. m. ), ad- journed until Monday. PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE, Jaxuary i6, 1896. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. Browning, its Chief Clerk, communicated to the Sen- ate the intelligence of the death of William Cogswell, late a member of the House from the State of Massachusetts, and transmitted the resolutions of the House thereon. The Presiding Officer. The Chair lays before the Sen- ate resolutions from the House of Representatives, which will be read. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: In the House of Representatives, January 16, j8g6. Resolved, That the House has lieard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. William Cogswell, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to his memory the House do now adjourn. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Mr. Ho.AR. ]\Ir. President, I ask for the immediate con- sideration of the resolutions which I send to the desk. The Presiding Officer. The resolutions submitted by the Senator from Massachusetts will be read. 62 Proceedings in the Senate. 63 The Secretary read the resolutions, as foHows: Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow the communication of the death of Hon. Williaji Cogswell, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, Januan,' 20, 1896, at X2 o'clock meridian. MEMORIAL ADDRESSES. February 6, 1897. The Presiding Officer (Mr. Hill in the chair). The hour of 3 o'clock havinqf arrived, the Chair lays before the Senate resolutions of the House of Representatives, which will be read. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: Ix THE HorSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, April iS , iSg6. Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. W'lLLiAJi Cogswell, late a Representative from the State of Massachusetts. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, and in recognition of his eminent abilities as a di.stinguished public servant, the House, at the conclusion of these memorial proceedings, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk connnunicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk be instructed to communicate a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. Mr. Lodge. I submit the resolutions which I send to the desk. The resolutions were read, as follows: Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow the announcement of the death of Hon. William Cogswell, late a Representative from the State of Ma.ssachusetts. Resolved, That the business of the Senate be now suspended in order that fitting tribute may be paid to his memory. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted by the Secretary of the Senate to the family of the deceased; and that as a further mark of respect the Senate will, at the conclu- sion of these ceremonies, stand adjourned. The Presiding Officer. The resolutions are before the Senate. II. Doc. 332 5 65 66 Life and Cliaracter of W'illia)!! Cogszvcll. Address of Mr. Hoar. Mr. Hoar. Mr. President, Gen. \Villi.\m Cogswell, member-elect from the old Essex district of Massachusetts, one of the bravest and ablest soldiers she ever .sent into battle, a statesman who had been gaining and growing in a large national fame for four terms in the House of Repre- .sentatives, until it had been expected that by the general desire of the House he would have been assigned the place which carries with it the leadership of that bod}- on the floor, died in Washington May 22, 1895. He rai.sed and commanded one of the first companies — he thought the very first — enlisted in the country for the war. He was in many battles, was with Sherman in the march to the sea, was three times wounded, and came lujuie a general when the war ended. He was lieloved In- his .soldiers, and had the confidence and affection of General vSherman. The detail of this brilliant .service, as of the lesser but important work which he did for his native Commonwealth in m:un- other Iion<:)rabIe places of trust, have been stated in the other House, especialh- in the admirable eulogy by his successor. Those proceedings will be jirinted with ours. So I need not repeat them here. Mr. President, what I have said alreadx- would seem to be enough. To have been lo\-ed and trusted b)- as noble a constituency as e\-er made a ])art of a free people ; to have been of the very first and of the very last in the great struggle for the country's life; to have gained a foremost place in that great A.ssembly which now as ever represents Address of Mr. Hoar. 67 what is best and most trustworthy' in American character ; to have steadily grown in power and in honor nntil the boy who offered his lite for his cinuitr\- at 22 was borne to his grave amid tlie lamentations of a whole people wlio hon- ored him as one of the foremost among the statesmen of America in America's best and greatest da\', wonld seem to make the langnage of ordinary' enlogy alike ridicnlons and snperflnous. One or two traits I will speak of for which ]\Ir. C(>(;s- WELL was specially remarkable: He was an example of what we so often find to be true, that the bravest men are the gentlest and most affectionate in their own households. He was a lover of home, of wife, of family, of children. The men who loved him best, where everybody knew him, were his near neighbors, and his townsmen, and the people of his district. He was a man who grew constantly. The faults which he had when his public service began wore off and dis- appeared with life's discipline and experience. His intel- lectual powers de\-eloped and strengthened from year to year; so you could almost see the difference from year to year in the quality of his work and speech. When he entered the House of Representatives he was an able man. When he died, six years after, he was a great man. He had laid aside weaknesses and infirmities; he had burst and outgrown limitations; he had put under his feet faults and bad habits; so that if his life had been spared we should have looked upon him as one of our brightest and most shining models of what is excellent l)oth in public and in private character. I think in these da\-s, when there is so much well-founded and so much ill-founded 68 Life and Character of IVilliatn Cogswell. criticism of the public life in this country, that it is well to point out to the people what an intellectual and what a moral education is service in these Halls for the men, and they are the large majority, who perform that public service faithfully to the best of their ability. I believe I have been longer in continuous national legis- lative service in this country than an\- other man, with the single exception of my honored and venerable friend the senior Senator from Vermont. I declare as the result of my observation that the character of our national legis- lators is, on the whole, growing better from \ear to year and from generation to generation. Life in Washington is becoming purer and sweeter and simpler. General Cogswell grew in the confidence and esteem of his constituency. He was nominated by a majority of i and elected by a plurality only, being in a minority of near 1,400 of the total vote. At his last election he was nom- inated by acclamation and chosen by a majority in his district of 8,600 over all competitors, having a majority in ever\- town, city, and ward in his entire district. He grew also, as I have .said, in the love and afifection of his associates. He was as brave a man as ever went into battle. When his commandintj officer had iriven him an order there was no occasion for any further an.xiety if the order was one which coidd be executed by human courage and skill. The men under his command felt sure that he would lead them in the path of glor\- and, if an\- man could lead them in that path, in the path to victory. He was a stanch friend, a trusty companion, and a wise counselor ; a dauntless and unflinching champion of any Address of Mr. Hoar. 69 cause in which lie enlisted. If I were to sum up his qual- ity by a single word, it would be the word manliness. ■General CoGSWELi, had some very original and racy qualities of intellect and character. They were disclosed to his friends and companions more freely as he grew older. He was a man who mellowed with years. But \-et his peculiarities remained. He had a certain gruff independ- ence and originality which made every man like to know what he was thinking of and to listen to what he would say. He had a gift of pithy, sententious speech, a shrewd common sense, and sharp wit. He was a man whom Dr. Johnson would have liked for a companion. While he grew kindlier as he grew older, and was tolerant of human infirmities and liked men when he came to know them well, he was a good hater, and was especially impatient of cant and affectation and pomposity and the varnish and veneering of behavior. Mr. President, my words of praise will seem feeble to those who have heard or who shall read the eloquent tributes of my colleagues in this and the other House. They will seem poor and inadequate as an expression of the feeling of the Commonwealth for the brave son she has lost and of the great constituency who mourn for their lo\-ed and honored Representati\'e. He sleeps in her holy Pilgrim soil with the great men who for nearly three htmdred years have adorned her annals. Massachtisetts has given to the service of the country her full share of patriots, of benefactors, of states- men, of orators, of poets, and of sages. It is no time for boasting when we are mourning for our dead. Certainh' I wotild arrogate for ^Massachusetts no superioritv of merit, especially in the presence of the representatives of the great 70 Life and CharactiT of M'illiam Cogswell. Coiniiiomvealtli of \'irgiuia. And still it almost seems as if we might say of the little vState what one of her poets said of onr mother England — (Jne-half of her soil has walked the rest, In heroes, martyrs, sages. To that honorable company William Cogswell is gathered. The men who loved him and whom he loved have laid him to sleep within the limits of old Esse.x, where Winthrop landed, where Endicott dwelt, where Putnam was born, where Whittier sang, where Dane and Cntler planned the great ordinance of 1787, which stands with the Declaration and the Constitution as one of three great title deeds of American liberty, and where the sailors put to sea for the great sea fights of the war of 181 2. General Cog.swell's ser\-ices in ci\'il life alone would have given him a high place in the grateful memory of the people. But it is as a soldier that his countrymen will remember him, and it is as a soldier that he would wish to be remembered. Whatever may be said by the philosopher, the moralist, or the preacher, the instincts of the greater portion of mankind still lead them to award the highest meed of admiration to the militarx- character. Even when the most selfish of human passions — the love of power, or the love of fame — is the stimulant of the .soldier's career, he must at least be read\- for the supreme sacrifice — the willingness to give his life, if need be, for the object he is ]Mirsuing. The great apostle of the (lentiles in his loftiest passages illustrates the highest Christian character by comparing it to that of the soldier. And surely, when the end is unselfish, when the love of country or the desire to sa\'e her life by giving his own has entire master\- of the Adiircss of Mr. Hoar. 71 soul, when all the ends he aims at are his country's, his God's, and truth's, all mankind are agreed to award to the good soldier a glory which it bestows nowhere else. Mr. President, more than the full allotted time of a gen- eration has jjassed since the splendid youth of 1S61 sprang at the call of their country to the defense of Washington. Men have reached mature middle life who were born since the sound was heard of the first shot at Fort Sumter. The great majority of the soldiers of the great war for the Union have gone. Their eyes will never again flash with triumph as they follow the flag to victory, or kindle with affection when they gaze on comrades' faces. Their ears are cold in death — They list no more the tuck of drum. No more the trumpet hear. They will never again answer to the general's summons, to the thunder of the captains, and the shouting. They sleep with the great leaders— with Grant, and Sherman, and Sheridan, with Deveus, and Hooker, and Shaw. The majority have gone. The few survivors who remain with us are entering upon an honored old age, crowned with the love of their countrymen. But their fame and honor shall abide. It shall abide when the walls of this Capitol shall have crumbled, eternal and imperishable as the libert\' the\' lo\-ed and the Union the^• saved. 72 Lifr a!i({ Character of WillicDii Cogstvcll. Address of Mr. Mills. Mr. A[rLi..s. ;\Ir. President, I knew William Cogswell as a meinljer of the House of Representatives, where it was ni\' lortune to ser\'e with liini several vears. He was a een- tleman of tlie highest character, modest and retiring in his disposition, and kind and courteous in his intercourse with his fellows. While he was well informed on all the subjects which come before Congress for consideration, he \-ery rarely took part in the debates of that body. He was not a ready debater. He shrank from the arena. He had no taste for the controversial part of the consideration of subjects. He left that for others who were better adapted to it and whose tastes inclined them to share in the intellectual com- bat. He had his convictions, the result of intelligent con- sideration, and by them his conduct was controlled. It takes nothing from the character of Mr. CoG.swKLL to sa\- that he was not a skilled and ready debater. This is not a faculty which can be acquired by labor, however intense and long continued. It is a gift of the Creator, and one that does not always accompany the mind of man, how- ever largel\' it may be stored with knowledge. Its absence docs not mean that character is wanting in moral force, or that intelligence is destitute of usefulness. Every day's experience j)roves to the contrary. Main' of the greatest Statesmen whom thi'< countrv has ever produced were con- spicuously deficient in the power of debate. The author of the Declaration nf Independence immortalized himself with his pen. Xo man of his day posses.sed such power to arouse Address of Mr. Mills. 73 the world througli the point of his pen as he. Yet when that great instrument was assailed in the Continental Con- gress by men whose names did not outlive their generation, he was utterly powerless to defend it. Benjamin Franklin was confessedly one of the greatest philosophers of the Revolutionary era and a very accomplished diplomat; but he could not debate a proposition like Hamilton or Adams, nor was he a match for men below them in the gifts of debate. Andrew Jackson was strong with the pen and still stronger with the sword, and notwithstanding the fact that he was a trained lawyer and of ability enough to grace the supreme bench of his State, to represent her in the Senate of the United States, and to preside over the destinies of the nation, yet he could not debate. When he was in the Sen- ate of the United States, during the Administration of the elder Adams, the \'ice-President who presided over that body, and who was conscious enough of his own deficiency in that respect, formed a very unfavorable opinion of the man who, in after years, proved himself the great general, and as President of the United States so indelibly stamped his opinions on public questions on the minds of the people of the Republic. To know Mr. Cogswell, one had to be in close contact with him socially. In the committee room or in the aban- don of social conversation at the fireside he showed himself the man of intelligence and thought. He could not l)e drawn into a heated controversy about anything. His whole nature was averse to it. He was not born for storm, but for sunshine. He was affable, gentle, and kind. His con- victions and conduct were the product of reason, not of passion. In his intercourse with his fellows he sought to 74 L'fi' i-T-iid Character of William Cogsiccll. do rig;lit to them and to deserve right from them, and when he finished liis career I do not suppose lie left an enemy on the earth. His was, indeed, a massive, a splendid char- acter. It stood cut like a monumental stone, not adorned by fretted work, but plain, clean, powerful, and ponderous as it rested on its imperturbable base. Everywhere in the world of humanity character stands for a certain quantit\' of force — a force that is not percejitible to the sight or tan- gible to the touch. l!ut it is a force nevertheless. It exists and exerts itself beyond the sphere of sensuous cognition. The elements in the character of an upright man impress themselves upon the moral and intellectual world just as light, heat, and moisture do upon the material world. They are among the silent forces which ([uicken with life the latent germs and cause them to grow and mature and bring forth their harvests in their season. Stich was the character of the distinguished son of ]ilas- sachusetts around whose bier we are gathered to-day. I have spoken of him as he appeared to me, the representative of his people in the councils of the nation. lUit there was another theater where he appeared as an actor in the earlier days of his life. He was his country's soldier in a great war where hundreds of thousands gave their lives for the land thev loved. To one who has borne arms in such a war, who has seen and felt all which that one word means, it would be more acceptable that almost all the other virtues he possessed should be forgotten than that crowning virtue of true manhood. He was a brave soldier, an intelligent officer and leader, tried on many fields and measuring up to the duties of every station which he was appointed to fill. His record as a soldier gave Massachu.setts just cause Address of Mr. Mills. 75 to be proud of him, and imposes upon her the duty of cherishing his memor\' and carving his name in the list of those wlio in peace and war have made her name immortal. In the conflict of which I have spoken he and I were on opposite sides. Each fought for the cause he loved. Each fought with those among whom he was born — he for ]\Iassachusetts and I for Texas. For four long and troubled }-ears our armies were striking at each other's lives and the lives of the governments whose standards they bore. The arbitrament of the sword declared the United States victor and the Confederate States \-auquished — that the Union of the States should be an indissoluble union; and that each citizen should be a member of the great commonwealth of States as it was established by a common ancestry. The wise counsels that dominated the policy of the conquerors soon restored fraternity, and a union of "hearts and hands" as well as of "lakes and lands." Soon Union and Confed- erate soldiers met and mingled in the national councils, and soon the estranged people were brought together and mingled in peace and patriotic devotion in all the relations of private life. Having by the consent of our people been sent to the House of Representatives, we met here as friends, not as foes, and began our labors for the advance- ment of our country, each in the way he thought wisest and best. .\s intimately as I knew him, I never heard him speak of his military career until I met him one evening at a lecture delivered on the battle of Missionary Ridge, which was some years after he had been elected to Congress. When the lecture was over some questions were asked about certain commands that took part in the battle, and during the colloquN' I learned that we had been confronting each j6 Life and Chai-acicr of IVilliam Cogszccll. other from Chattanooga to Atlanta. That campaign has gone into history, and those who shared in it are rapidly passing away. Most of them, like Mr. Cogswell, have stacked arms on this side tlie river, and have crossed over and are now "resting under the shade of tlie trees." Those of us whom the roster has designated for duty with the rear guard are still on the march, and soon shall reach the ren- dezvous on the farther bank of the shining river, where the blue jacket and the gra}- are both faded into white, and where Grant and Lee, and Jackson and Sheridan, and Thomas and Hood, and Burnside and Johnston, and the thousands whom they led, are standing round the same bivouac fires, citizens of the same great commonwealth and soldiers in the armies of the Prince of Peace. Address of Mr. Haivley. 77 Address of Mr. Hawley. Mr. Hawlev. Mr. President, I am glad to give my testimony to the excellencies of William Cogswell. The addresses made in the other House and the one made b}- the senior Senator from Massachusetts, however, leave verj' little to be said by anyone. There are some bare facts, and the facts that I venture to mention of his life alone are a sufEcient eulogy. His descent was that which we in New England think is honorable. From a Puritan who landed in a shipwreck on the coast of Maine in 1635, in the fifth generation that family illustrated the character of the people who had a belief, recognized a duty, and never flinched from it. Eight brothers of the Cogswell name were in the Revolutionary war, their aggregate service counting thirty -eight years. We may judge from that where the young man was likely to go when the long roll sounded. He enlisted as soon as he heard of the trouble of a Massachusetts regiment in the streets of Baltimore. He was a gentleman of education, and had entered upon a professional life, but he dropped everything. He enlisted April 19, 1861. He became a captain of the Second Massachusetts Infantry on the 25th of May. We may be assisted in estimating the character of the man b}' looking at the history of his regiment. At Cedar Mountain it lost 35 per cent of its force; at Antietam, 25 per cent; at Chan- cellorsville, "i^^t P^'^ c&vA of those who were in action; at Gettysburg, 44 per cent of all who entered into that great battle. During the war that regiment on its rolls bore the 78 Life and Character of William Cogswell. names of 843 soldiers killed, injured, and disabled in action or bv accident or disease. On the 25th of September, 1862, he was detailed to duty as a major. He was made lieutenant-colonel shortly after- wards, on the 23d of October. He became a colonel of his regiment in June, 1S63, at the age of 24. His regiment reenlisted in December, 1863, becoming the Second Regi- ment of Massachusetts \'eteran A'olunteers. During the furlough of thirty days to which they became entitled, he took the remnant of the regiment to Massachusetts. Of the 1,046 who had left Boston tliirt\- months before, 222 returned. When the}" were welcomed b\- Governor Andrew, Mr. Cogswell felicitously replied: When I say to your excellency that these men, with the expe- rience they ha\-e had, with the hardships, sufferings, and dangers that they have seen and dared, have reenlisted, I have said enough for a lifetime in their praise. He was in the famous Atlanta campaign. He was put in command of Atlanta for a time, and to this day he is remem- bered with kindliness and respect in that region. In April, 1S65, when Sherman was about closing his great campaign, ]\Ir. COGSWELL was wounded at Averysboro, X. C. The second day after that he was again wounded, the third wound he received in the war. The last two, though more or less painful, did not keep him from contin- uing on duty. In ci\-il life he was adequate to every task imposed u])on him, and the good will of his constituency is shown by the fact that, coming from the war, he was three times elected mayor; he was once a senator of liis State; he was five times a representati\e in the Massachusetts assembly; he Address of Mr. Hawley. yg was fi\-e times elected to Congress, and had his life not been cut off untimely he would probably have continued in the public service, even to a great old age. He was elected, as has been stated, to the present Congress by a majority of over 8,000, but the plurality was 10,000. While "Sir. Cogswell was a stanch Republican and com- manded the respect of everybody having a creed and living up to it, he was a generous friend of his Southern brethren, as is shown by a short and eloquent speech that he deliv- ered in the House when Georgia was asking Federal aid for an exposition which she was about to hold. In the private relations of life he was without a fault. In public life he was a man of absolute integritv. He was diligent, faithful, honorable, lovable. He was emphatically a patriot, a soldier, and a gentleman. The tribute to his character paid by his colleagues in the two Houses of Congress from East, West, North, and vSouth abound in the strongest terms of respect, friendship, and sorrow. It was a very noble life. There never was a dutv that he did not full}' discharge. There never was a place which he did not fill with a fidelity and a capacitv more than satisfactory to his constituents and all others who knew him. The bare facts of his life, I say, are a sufficient eulogy. His fellow-citizens and neighbors of Washington remember him with more than affection. Massachusetts will honor him from generation to generation. 8o Li/c and L 'liaractcr of II '////am Cogswe//. ADDRESS OF Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Blaxchard. .Mr. President, I esteemed William Cogswell too highh- to permit this occasion to pass with- out adding my own testimonial, however brief, to his worth as a man and liis value as a citizen. My acquaintance witii him was not a long one, but I knew him well. Tliis acquaintanceship with him began when he entered the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States. I served with him as a member of the House of the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-.second, and Fifty-third Con- gresses, and during the two \'ears of the Fiftieth Congress he was associated with me in membership upon the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of that bod\-. This association led to close acquaintanceship; aye, to more than tha!;, to good will, high esteem, and a friendship which existed up to the time of his death. Mr. Cogswell was a high type of a man. His disposi- tion was genial, his manner and address courteous and attractive, his presence magnetic. The qualities of his heart indicated the broad-minded, liberal, ])hilanthropic, svmixilhetic man; while the qualities of his mind denoted high capacity, the constituent parts of which are discern- ment, clearness of intellectual vision, anahtical power, and strength of grasp of a- question. In the consideration of questions that came before him for decision or action he was at once fair and just, accurate and able. Mr. President, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has been represented in the two Houses of Congress by many sons who have honored her trust and shed luster upon her name. The great Webster stands out like an Eiffel Tower Address ofMr. lilaiichard. 8i or Washington IMonument in American history, while over the names of the Adamses, Winthrop, Rufus Choate, Charles Snniner, Edward Everett, and others, the student of American biography loves to linger. Some of her sons who figure in contemporaneous history are most worthy of honorable mention in this regard. But while pa}-ing this tribute to the statesmanship of the Bay State, it may be said with equal truth that not all of her public men have alwa\s been tolerant of judgment of the opinions and actions of other men. Too often ha\'e we seen the reverse. But this can not be said of him whose life and character form the theme which now occu- pies the attention of the Senate. Mr. Cogswell was a man whose opinions, while strong and forceful, were tempered with a just regard for and consideration of the opinions of others. He was tolerant of judgment. Bigotry had no place in his make-up or composition. He believed that good could come out, and does come out, of "every Nazareth " in the land, whether it be situated in the Xorthern or Southern, Eastern or Western portion of this great country of ours. His lieart was broad and catholic in its sentiment. It embraced the whole of this couutrv and included in a common brotherhood all who bore the insignia of his country's citizenship. A gallant soldier in the war between the States, who won rank in arms and distinction in the field, j\lr. Cogswell exemplified in his career after the war the truth of the maxim that " Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war." He won civic victories as great as those he had achieved as a soldier. He .served his State with dis- tinction in both houses of her legislature, and as one of her Representatives in Congress he occupied an enviable position among the legislators of his time. H. Doc. 332 6 Life and Character of William Cogswell. Address of Mr. Gallinger. Mr. Gallinger. Mr. President, on occasions like this we are forcibly reminded of the fact that — Man'.s home is in the grave ! Here dwells the iimltitiule. Death is an inseparable condition of life — inexorable and snre. It has been said that there is nothing so nionientons, so iiuininent, so certain, so nniversal. "It is appointed unto men once to die." There is no exemption, no re- prieve, for "dust to dust" was the sentence pronounced on all humanit>'. Earth to earth, and clust to dust! Here the evil and the just, Here the youthful and the old. Here the fearful and the bold, Here the matron and the maid, In one silent bed are laid ; Here the vassal and the king Side by side lie withering; Here the sword and scepter rust — Earth to earth, and dust to dust ! We are here to-day to speak loving words of eulogy to the memory of a friend and associate. WiLLlAM COGSWELL impressed me as a man of broad sympathies, profound con- victions, and generous impulses. He was genial, kind, companionable, and sincere. Brave and fearless on the fiL-ld (.)f battle, he was iu ])ri\'ate life as gentle as a woman and as sweet as a child. If he ever did a mean thing, those of us who associated with him in the other House of Con- gress knew it not. He was a strong debater, a tireless worker, and an indomitable antagonist, but he was always Address of Mr. (.aniiio-cr. 83 a fair and open opponent. The idol of his city and his district, he enjoyed in the Honse of Representatives the distinction of being one of the most popnlar men of that bod\-. On leading committees and charged with grave dnties, he was always equal to the requirements of the position, acquitting himself with distinguished ability and with an integrity and fidelity questioned b\- none. His record is one of conspicuous merit, without a spot or blemish to mar its symmetry or cloud its horizon. Mr. CoG.swELL was withal a man of intense earnestness. How well I remember him at the Republican national con- vention of 1892, in the city of Minneapolis. In the contest before that convention he differed from some of us, but no arguments or entreaties moved him in the least. Early and late he sought the accomplishment of his purpose, and when finally the candidate of his choice was nominated, he re- sumed his wonted composure, as though nothing unusual had engaged his attention. He had made a great fight and bad won a conspicuous victory, but in the moment of tri- umph humility rather than pride possessed him. That was like the man. An earnest opponent, but never a bitter or revengeful antagonist. Others have told the stor)- of Mr. COGSWELL'S career as soldier, civilian, and legislator. That I need not repeat. It is sufficient for me to recall him as a friend and an asso- ciate in the .service of the Government. I knew him well, and to know him well was to admire and love him. Large- hearted, generous, and sympathetic, his companionship was an inspiration and his friendship a benediction. Through all the weary months of his sickness and suffering my heart went out to him in sympath\- and affection. At last death 84 Life and Character of William Cogswell. came as a respite, and the soul of this great and good man took its flight to the abode of the blessed, where suffering, sorrow, and death are unknown. He passed away gently and quietly, and joined the ma- jority on the shores of the Great Beyond. But wh\- should we mourn for our departed friend; for is not death a necessary result, to be welcomed rather than repelled after the strifes and toils and struggles of a busy and eventful life? Let us, as we contemplate death, adopt the words of Addison: When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me; when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, ever>' inordinate desire goes out ; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone, my heart melts with compassion ; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow ; when I see kings lying by those who deposed them, when I con- sider rival wits placed side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions, factions, and de- bates of mankind ; when I read the several dates of the tombs, of some that died yesterday and some six hundred years ago, I consider that great day when we shall all of us be contempora- ries and make our appearance together. Mr. President, 1 bring to the memory of my friend a tender and loving tribute. The place he so well filled on earth is forever vacant, but I believe that his earnest spirit is enjoying the delights, the joys, and the labors of a better world than this. This belief reconciles one to death, and prepares our minds for the great change that awaits us all. On the grave of the distinguished dead I would plant sweet- est flowers, and in my heart of hearts cherish his memory in loving kindness and tenderest affection. A good man Address of Mr. (iallingcr. 85 left the world when WiLLiA.\r COGSWELL died, and the world was the better becanse he lived in it. Let us, in appreciation of his virtues, emulate his example, and strive to so live that it can be said of us, when the end comes, that we left behind us a legacy of good deeds and of honor- able achievement. - following Captain Cogswell's company became Compan\- C of Gordon's famous Second Massa- chusetts. On an occasion like this it is impossible to do more than allude briefly to some of the leading incidents of a militar>- career filled with deeds of conspicuous gallantry. In the winter and spring of 1861-62 Mr. COGSWELL was attached to Banks's command in the vShenandoah Valley, and on several occasions opposed an effectual resistance to Jack- son's operations in that region. After the battle of An- tietam, where his company and regiment were engaged all day with signal success, Mr. Cogswell was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. In this battle he was slightly wounded, but he (juickly recovered sufficiently to be able to lead an expedition under the cover of darkness across the river into Virginia, which ended in the capture of a band of guerrillas and in the death of their notorious captain, Rurk. Mr. CoGSWELL participated at the head of his regiment in the bloody conflict at Chancellorsville. On the second day of the engagement he was wounded severely in the left arm. This obliged him to retire from the field of battle, and he was unable to rejoin his regiment until after the battle of Gettysburg. In the following month of Address of Mr. Lodge. 89 June he was made colonel of the regiment, being at that time but 24 \ears of age. His next conspicuous service was in connection with the draft riots in New York City. The discharge of this duty called for unusual coolness and discretion, but Mr. CoG.swELL proved equal to the emer- gency. When comparative quiet had been restored, the regiment rejoined the Arm\- of the Potomac, and a little later became a part of the Arm\- of the Cumberland. His most conspicuous ser\'ice, however, was probably rendered before Atlanta. He was actively engaged in- the campaign which resulted in the evacuation of Atlanta, and was men- tioned for distinguished conduct at the battle of Resaca. When Shennan entered the city, on September 3, 1864, one of his first acts was to make Colonel Cogswell post com- mander, a position which he held until the 17th of Novem- ber, when the Union Army began its famous march to the sea. It is worth remembrance here that when, thirty years later, the people of Georgia were asking for national aid for the Atlanta Exposition, they found no more effective advocate than the former military commander of Atlanta, then serving his native State with distinction in the halls of Congress. Both in the Appropriations Committee, of which he was a member, and on the floor of the House, Mr. Cogswell did zealous service for the city which he left a heap of smoldering ruins in November, 1864. Shortly after the fall of Atlanta, on December 12, 1S64, Mr. Cogs- well was brevetted brigadier-general, and just a month later was assigned to the command of the Third Division of the Twentieth Army Corps. This command he con- tinued to hold until he was mustered out of the service in July, 1865. In one of the last engagements of the war, at 90 Life and Cliaractcr of IVilliaiii Cogswell. the battle of Averysboro, in April, 1865, IMr. Cogswell was wounded for the' third time. The injury did not prove serious, however, but the one received at Chancellorsville conlinucd to harass hiui to tht- end of his life. With the close of the war Mr. CocswKLi. returned to Salem and to the practice of the law. Two years later he was elected ina\'or of Salem, and served three years in that capacity. In 1.S73 and 1874 he was again mayor. From the time he was first summoned to public office he never for a moment forfeited the confidence of his adoj^ted citv. Five times he represented it in the Massachusetts house of representatives, and during the years 1885-86 was State senator. In 1876 he was made inspector-general of fish for the State of ^lassachusetts, a post he continued to enjoy until he was elected to the Fiftieth Congress in 1886 from the old Esse.x district. He was reelected to the Fifty-first, Fifty-.second, Fifty-third, and Fifty-fourth Congresses. His committee assignments were varied and iniDortant. He served, among others, on Appropriations, Rivers and Har- bors, and the District of Columbia. His work on Appro- priations and Rivers and Harbors was most exacting, but he discharged it with unusual abilit)' and fidelit>-. In the fall of 1894 he was selected by the Republican State committee to preside over the convention of that year. His speech had lieen jjrcpared and had been given out to tlie newspapers in accordance with custom. There had been no intimation of declining health, and the report, which was first given out on the morning of the conven- tion, that he could not preside over its deliberations, came, therefore, as a painful surprise to his friends and the public generally. His indisposition was at first thought to be but .iMrcss of Mr. Lodge. 91 temporary, but it soon became evident as the campaign progressed that he was stricken with an incurable malady. In the November election his constituents rallied to pay him one last tribute of affection and regard. The plurality he received was the largest given any candidate for Con- gress in Massachusetts that year. When Congress con- vened for the short session in December he was unable to take his seat, but in a few weeks he insisted on coming on to Washington to resume his public duties. Attendance upon the sessions of the House, however, onlj^ aggravated his malady, and he soon afterwards journeyed southward to Jamaica, in a \-ain search for health. Rut the skill of phy- sicians and the loving and tender care of wife and friends were alike hopeless. He succeeded in getting as far as Washington on his return journey, and here, after linger- ing for a number of weeks, he died on the 22d of May, 1895. Such in bare cold outline are the incidents of an honor- able and distinguished life. Rut there is much more than this to be .said. He was not only a good soldier, who rose at a ver}- early age to a high command, but he was conspic- uous for personal gallantry. He had a warm and impetuous temperament that carried him to the front of battle in his vouth and which gave him the energy and the power which marked his career in later life. We speak of him here in the Capitol as the soldier and public man, and it is not fitting perhaps to go further. Yet to those of us who knew him well and whose affection he possessed, the qualities of mind and heart which made him beloved by his constituents and which endeared him to those nearest to him are very pres- ent. He was a loyal friend and a frank and open foe. He was warm hearted and affectionate, vigorous in speech, and 92 Life and Character of William Cogsivell. full of .sympathy and humor. He had strong convictions and was always earnest in expressing them. He showed a strength of will and a power of self-control which com- manded the admiration of everyone who understood the manner in which he had displayed these fine and manh- (pialities. Those who were associated with him in Congress understood and appreciated his high value as a public ser\'- ant and grieved for his death because it was the loss of a companion and friend. The State wdiich he had repre- sented, the famous count\- and the old Puritan town whicli he had served so long, mourned with deep and genuine sorrow when he was brought back to his last resting place in the land where his people had lived for seven generations, and which he loved with all the strength of his heart. If we reckon length of life by the number of days, that of William Cogswell was short indeed, but if we take for otir measure the words of Stevenson that ' ' to the bold and the busy life is always long," then this life whose end we mourn to-day was far longer than that of manv which outrun the psalmist's span. It was filled with work which any man might have been proud of, with deeds which not only brought fame and honor to the doer, but which served country and vState in the day of battle and in the time of peace. What he did may have fallen short of what he desired to do, as is always the case with strong men of action. The outward rewards that he received, distin- guished as they were, ma\' well have seemed to him, as they certainly often did to others, not always to equal the deserts. Rut now that the book is closed and the last account made up, we can fairly say that he had, whatever else might have been lacking, the l)est of all rewards — the Address of Mr. Lodge. 93 consciousness that he had plaved a man's part in tlie life of Ills time, and left a memory wliich his cliildren and his children's children \\\\\ reverence and cherish. He not only served with distinction in public life, performing with faithful diligence arduous duties, many of which brought no compensation except the knowledge of dutv done, but he also served his country on the great field of the civil war. In that mighty trial he had had his share. What an opportunity it was to men like Mr. CoGSVVELL, who tasted it to the full! With such a life as his in that war time, I always think of the splendid and familiar lines of Scott, in which we may find the secret of the great romancer's life and art: Sound, sound the clarion ! fill the fife ! To all the sensual world proclaim, One crowded hour of glorious life Is worth an age without a name. It was given to a man like :\Ir. CoG.SWKLL to be able to .say this, and I think we may well ask ourselves whether an\' man who can say it of himself truthfulh- has much need to desire more. The Presiding Officer. The question is on the adop- tion of the resolutions which have been read. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 3 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, February 8, 1897, at 12 o'clock meridian.