J 1 \/ .-««*. <^* .'2fr, V X^-. ^* .*2feT: 1'; ^ ^ :iMbp~ ^ov^ :\ 5^r 9 *°' ^ v si^L:* <%> 4? '"* c° v ,*J ^6* ;♦ ^ •"' ^cr v % *i^L% ^ ** *'.7V» ,o ^ ADDRESS PREPARED BY THE COMMISSION!:]; OF EDUCATION TO BE READ IX ALL THE SCHOOLS OF PORTO RICO ON THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN FEBRUARY 12, 1909 One hundred years ago to-day, in a log caliin scarcely better than the poorer huts we know on this island, in the wilderness of the State of Kentucky, was horn Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States, and the first to become a martyr for Ids country. At this very moment in which we are assembled here, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, is addressing a multitude oi people upon the very spot in that wilderness of the West where our martyred President first saw the light. For the President of the United States to leave the pressing duties of his office and travel more than one thousand miles to perform this tribute, is but just and fitting. For us to lay aside our school work for a little while and do honor to the great name of Abraham Lincoln, is little less than a civic duty. In a letter written to a friend in the year 1859, Lincoln tells I hi- story of his life: "I was born February 12, 1 *<>!», in Hardin county, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families- — second families, perhaps I should say. M\ mother, who 'lied in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Banks, some of whom now reside in Adams, and others in .Macon county. Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abraham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockingham count v. Virginia, to Kentucky about 1781 or 1782, where a year or two later he w r as killed by the Indians, not in battle, hut by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks county, Pennsylvania. An effort to identify them with the New England famil\ of the same name ended in nothing more definite than a similarity of Christian nam.- in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mordecai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was hut -i\ years of age, 1 and he grew up literally without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer county, Indiana, in mv eighth year. We reached onr new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up. There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond "r'eadin', writin', and cipherin" to the rule of three. If a straggler supposed to understand Latin happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and cipher to the rule of three, but that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm work, which I continued till I was twenty- two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois, Macon county. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard county, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. Then came the Black Hawk war; and I was elected a captain of volunteers, a success which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated, ran for the Legislature the same year (1832), and was beaten — the only time I ever have been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature. I was not a candidate afterward. During tins legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was once elected to the lower House of Congress. Was not a candidate for re-election. From 1849 to 1854, both inclusive, practiced law more assiduously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics; and generally on the Whig electoral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing in- teresl in politics when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise aroused me again. What I have done since that is pretty well known. [f any personal description of me is thoughl desirable it may be said I am, in height, six feel tour inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weigh- ing on an average one hundred and eighty pounds: dark complexion, with course black hair and gray eves. No other marks or brands recollected. Springfield, December 20, 1859." This is the modest story of the great man. It says nothing of his struggles in childhood; of the weary hours he spent working upon the farm to help his parents; of the long nights spent before the open fire in the rude cabin, reading what hooks he could secure: of his struggles to gel a foothold in the profession of law which he had chosen; of the rugged truth and honesty which often placed him in a false light before 2 D. OF 0- DEC 10 '3HJ his fellows; of his struggles to attain the high ideal which he had set for himself., At the age of fifty, after having climbed the ladder of fame by the various rounds which he mentions in his own Btory, be was elected President of the United States, at a time when the country was on the eve of Civil War. Ashe left his home in Illinois for the Capitol at Washington to undertake these duties, a group of friends gathered round the car to bid him goodbye. These were his words of parting: "Mv Friends : No one not in my position can realize the sadness I feel at this parting. To this people I owe all that I am. Here I have lived more than a quarter of a century. Here my children were born, and here one of them lies buried. I know not how soon 1 shall see you again. I go to assume a task far more difficult than that which has devolved upon any other man since the days of Washington. He never would have succeeded except for the aid of Divine Providence, upon which he'at all times relied. I feel that I can not succeed with- out the same Divine blessing which sustained him; and on the same Almighty Being I place my reliance for support. And 1 hope you, my friends, will all pray that I may receive that Divine assistance without which I can not succeed, but with which success is certain. Again I bid you an affectionate farewell." For four long years he led the nation through one of the darkest periods of its existence. The war undertaken to preserve the integrity of a nation, soon became, in his mind, a war to liberate the slaves, and it was his hand which penned the proclamation setting free 4 millions of slaves who had been held in bondage. But the weary years drag- ged to a close and Lincoln looked forward to the problem of reconciling brother to brother who had fought in the opposing armies. With prayerful gratitude that the war was over, he undertook the no less trying problems of peace; but the hand of an assassin struck him down, even in the midst of the nation's rejoicing that peace once more reigned. Beloved, almost deified by the nation which he had led, his body, cold in death, was borne back to his old home in Illinois, to the sound of muffled drums and through cities and towns draped in black, and in the presence of millions who stood with heads bowed at the pas of the nation's beloved. He sleeps to-day in a magnificent mausoleum erected by the people of the country, near his old home at Springfield, 111. Hundreds of volumes have been written aboul this greal man: thousands of schools named for him; statues erected all over the land, and every honor done his memory that it is possible to imagine. In closing I wish to bring to you tributes from two of America's greatest poets -W. C. Bryant and Walt. Whitman. 3 LINCOLN. O, slow to smite and swift to spare, Gentle and merciful and just! Who in the fear of God, didst bear The sword of power — a nation's trust. In sorrow by the bier we stand. Amid the awe that hushes all, And speak the anguish of a land That shook with horror at thy fall. Thy task is done — the bond are free; We bear thee to an honored grave. Whose noblest monument shall be The broken fetters of the slave. Pure was thy life: its bloody close 1 1 a tli placed thee with the sons of Light, Among- the noble host of those Who perished in the cause of right. William ( 'ullen Bryant. O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done. The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won. The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting: While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim ami daring; But <> heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red. Where on the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. (» Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the hells; Rise up lor you the Hag is hung-for you the bugle trills, For sou bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths for you the shores a-crowding For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager laces turning; I [ere < !aptain! dear father! This arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck. You"\ e fal len cold and dead. M \ i 'a plain does not answer, his lips are pale and still. My Father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will. The ship is anchor'd safe and souml. its voyage closed and done. From fearful trip I he victor ship comes in with object won: Exull i » shores, and ring < > bells! Bui I with moil rnful tread. Wall, the deck my captain lies. fallen cold an. I dead. Walt Whitman. alocuciCn preparada por el comisionado de instruction ptjblk a CON MOTIVO DEL CENTEX ARID DEL NATALICIO DE ABRAHAM LINCOLN PARA SER LEI DA EN TODAS LAS ESCUELAS DE PUERTO RICO FEBRERO 12 DE 1909 Hace hoy justamente cien afios qiu- en una misera cabana de madera escasamente de mejores condiciones que los ranchos mas pobres que encontramos en esta isla, situada en uno de los sitios mas desiertos del estado de Kentucky, nacio Abraham Lincoln, decimo sexto Pre- sidente de los Estados Unidos, y el primero que como un martir sacrifico su vida por su pais. En este mismo instante, en estos momentos en que aqui nos hallamos reunidos, el Presidente de los Estados Unidos. Tbeodore Roosevelt, dirige su palabra a un numeroso auditorio en el sitio mismo de aquel desierto del Oeste donde el Presidente martir vi6 la luz primera. Muy propio y muy de justicia es que el Presidente de los Estados Unidos deje a un lado los urgent es asuntos de su despacho y recorra mas de un miliar de millas para rendirle este tribute. Represents, para nosotros poco menos que un deber civico dejar a un lado nuestro trabajo escolar por un momento para honrar el esclarecido nombre de Abraham Lincoln. En una carta dirigida a un amigo suyo en el afio 1859, refiere Lincoln su historia en la siguiente forma: Naci el 12 de febrero de 1809 en el cbndado de Hardin, en el estado de Kentucky. Mis padres eran oriundos de Virginia, de familias modestas, familias de segunda clase, quizas debiera decir. Mi madre, que murio cuando yo tenia diez afios, procedia de una familia de apellido blanks, algunos de cuyos miembros residen actual- mente en Adams, y otros en el condado de Macon, estado de Illinois. Mi abuelo por parte de padre, Abraham Lincoln, emigro del condado de Rockingham, estado de Virginia, dirigiendose ;i Kentucky en el ano 1781 6 1782, en donde al ano 6 a los dos anus file muerto | >» >r los indios.no en lucha abierta, sino a traici6n, cuando trabajaba en el bosque para preparar un campo de lahranza. Sus antepasadoe, que 5 eraa Cuaqueros, fueron & Virginia desde el condado de Berks, estado de Pensilvania. Los esfuerzos hechos para averiguar si procedian de la familia del misrno nombre establecida en Nueva Inglaterra, dieron por resultado el demostrar que entre las dos familias no habia mas relacidn que la de la semejanza de nombres, como hubiera podido baberla con Los Euoeh, Levi, Mordecai, Solomon. Abraham v otros semejantes. Mi padre, cuando murio mi abuelo, tenia seis afios de edad, y llego a ser un hombre sin liaber recibido instruction alguna. Se traslad6 de Kentucky a I que es hoy el condado de Spencer, estado de Indiana, cuando y<> tenia ochp alios de edad. Nos establecimos en nuestro nuevo hogar hacia la epoca en que el estado vino a formar parte de la I niun. El estado era entonces nna region casi desierta, en cuyos bosques habia muchos osos y fieras de distintas clases. En aquella regi6n creci y me desarrolle. Habia alii algunas escuelas, 6 por lo menos este nombre se les daba, aun cuando al maestro no se le exigia otra cosa que saber leer, escribir, y conocer las operaciones aritmeticas liasta la regla de tres. Si por aquellos contornos aparecia algun vaga- bundo cualquiera y la gente suponia que entendia latin, todos lo miraban como si fuera un brujo 6 un nigromante. Nada habia alii que indujera a despertar el deseo de instruirse. Como es natural mis conocimientos eran muy escasos cuando llegue a la mayor edad. Sin embargo, de un modo 6 de otro yo podia leer y escribir y conocia la aritmetica hasta la regla de tres; pero esto era todo. Desde entonces no he estado en escuela alguna. Lo poco que he logrado aprender hasta el presente, ademas de lo que ya sabia, lo lie ido adquiriendo de cuando en cuando conforme la necesidad me ha obligado a ello. Me crie" trabajando en el campo y en este trabajo continue hasta la edad de 22 ailos. A los 2] vine a establecerme en el condado de Macon, estado de Illinois, y alii pase* ;i New Salem, que en aquel tiempo pertenecia al condado de Sangamon y hoy al de Menard, en donde estuve un afio sirviendo como dependiente en una tienda. Ocurri6 entonces la guerra llamada Black Hawk, y fui elegido capitan de voluntarios, — un aeon teci mien to que me proporcion6 el mayor placer de mi vida. Sali a campana, trinntc, fui propuesto el inisnio ano i 1832) para formar parte de la legislatura, y fui derrotado : La iinica yez que el voto popular me ha sido adverso. En la elecci6n siguiente fui elegid iembro <\r la Legislatura, y lo fuiasimismo en la- i res Bucesivas elecciones bienales. Despues deesto \a no me presente como candidate. Durante este periodo legislative habia estudiado Leyea \ me traslad^ & Springfield, en donde abri mi bufete de abogado. En 1846 fui elegido Representante, y ocupe mi sitio en la (Yunara Baja del Congreso. No presents mi candidature para la reelecci6n. Desde el ano 184H hasta el 1854, am bos inclusive, ejerci la profesi6n de abogado con m;is asiduidad. En politica perteneci siempre al partido de los Whigs, y generalmente en su favor hice muy activae campaiias politicas. Habia ya perdido el interes en la politica cuando la revocacion del Compromiso de .Missouri me hi/.o volver ;i ella. Lo que he hecbo desde entonces es de todos bien conocido. Si se desea una description de mi persona, le dire 1 que tengo cerca de seis pies y cuatro pulgadas de estatura, y que por termino medio peso unas 180 libras; que soy enjuto de carnes, moreno, de pelo negro y basto, y ojos grises. No recuerdo otra marca 6 sena especial. Springfield, Diciembre 20, 1859. Esta es la historia de un grande honibre contada modestamente por si mismo. Nada se dice en ella de las constantes luchas < |i i c tuvo que sostener en su ninez para librar su subsistencia; de las muchas boras de fatiga y de cansancio que pas6 trabajando para ayudar ;i bus padres; de las largas nocbes pasadas ante la cbimenea, en la tosca cabana, leyendo los libros que podia conseguir; de las dificultades que tuvo que veneer para abrirse paso en la carrera de abogado que habia elegido; del culto severisimo que rindio siempre a la verdad v a la honradez, culto que a menudo le hizo aparecer como sospecboso ante sus companeros, y, finalmente, de sus luchas para alcanzar el alto ideal que se habia seiialado a si mimo. A la edad de cincuenta afios fur nombrado Presidente de los Estados Unidos, despnes de haber subido la escalera de la fama de la manera que renere en su autobiografia, precisamente en la epoca en que el pais se encontraba en visperas de una Guerra Civil. Al dejai su hogar en Illinois para dirigirse al Capitolio de Washington, en donde habia de hacerse cargo de sus deberes oficiales, un grupo de amigos se acerco al carro del ferrocarril para decirle actios. De estoa amigos se despidio diciendoles : "Amigos mios : Solamente el s supiste, enhiesto, Kl acero esgrimir del Pueblo augusto! 8 En torno de tu feretro, anhelante, Silencioso dolor el alma embarga, Y vese en cada t€trico semblante l>c La ingente Nat-ion la pena amarga. Terming tu misidn; pudiste, al cabo, Sublime realizar tu noble intento, Y las rotas cadenas del esclavo Seran tu mas hermoso monumento. Fue - ejemplar tn existencia; tu partida Tragica, cruel, perpe.uara tu nombre Junto con lo.s de aquellos que la vida. Martires, dieron por horirar al hombre. iOH CAPITAN, MI CAPITAN! De Walt Whitman fOh, Capitan. mi Capitan, ya el viaje hemos rendido, La nave, al fin, logro veneer turbion, borrasca y sirte; Del puerto las campanas mil alegran el oido, Y naira eual tu ])ueblo fiel se apresta a reeibirte. ;Mas, oh! tu sangre, Capitan, Del eoraz6n vertida. Do sobre el puente caer te vf, Mi Capitan, sin vida! iOh, Capitan, mi Capitan, levantate y escueha; Por ti repiea ei esquil6n, por tf el clarin resuena, For tf la aelamaeion febril que en entusiasta India Lanza apinada multitud y los espaeios llena. Sobre este brazo, I 'apitan. Tu sien reposa herida, No c> mas que un suefio verte asi, M i < 'apitan. sin vida! Mi Capitan no puede oir mi sopliea angustiosa, El alma que viril inch.', por siempre estS apagada; Y anclada ya mi el pu< n<> ved la nave victoriosa, Tras los azares que sorteo, rendida la Jornada. t lelebre ufano el esquilon I. a 1'atria rod i inida . Yo on tanto lloro a I \ erte asf, Mi < 'apitan. sin vida! • so ^ ^f^ ^ °o * \* °^ *•» 'ok ;♦ «> v o^ •^SBr. **d* v .c^?. < A * 4X, V «4» • V '• °- ^.-^fe-% c°.5^r> s*..&Li'S.. I* 1 - t • A v ^ *<».»• A <> •-T7J* '. ,^ , ^0^ ^ ■fey .0° V'^-'V" ^♦•T." Ap "5*^ II BOOKBINDINC J aV "^ • * • A ^ .;* ^ % ^ ^oV* I I