LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 00005^2710 "^. O VV ^ • no 9 ^ 0* ^ *?JPP A ° >* 4°* V^V •fel? * v ..»••• >fc ' <& \. 'aSP.* ** ^ »: 'ASP.* . * ' ♦* ^ L* % 'I* Frontispiece— Ellis' England. Packenham Charges the French at Salamanca. YOUNG PEOPLE'S HISTORY of ENGLAND m BY EDWARD S. ELLIS, A. M, With One Hundred and Sixty-four Illustrations PHILADELPHIA HENRY ALTEMUS COMPANY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two Copies Received AUG. 12 1901 Copyright entry CLASS ^XXo. N«. COPY B. in uniform style by EDWARD S. EL.US, A.M. Young Peoples' History OF United States with 164 illustrations Young Peoples' History of England with 164 illustrations Young Peoples' History OF Germany with 115 illustrations Young Peoples' History OF France with 115 illust? atinns Young Peoples' History ( F Greece with 70 illustrations Young Peoples' History OF Rome with So illustrations Price, y$ cents each Cppvright woi, by Henry A Item us INTRODUCTION. THE full history of England, teeming with mighty events and spanning twenty centuries, would re- quire volumes for its telling. The story is one of the most impressive in the annals of mankind, and of profound interest to all. But, glancing over the vast field, the eye rests upon towering landmarks, which mark the sweep of the British empire along the road of prog- ress, development, civilization, learning, conquest, discov- ery, science, art, literature and Christianity. It is our aim in the present volume to give a compre- hensive survey of the advancement of the horde of wild savages, conquered hy the Romans before the Christian era, to the present position as the foremost Christian Power of the Old World. No history can be more ab- sorbing and instructive to youths and adults, and we have endeavored so to present the leading facts in the building up of this stupendous empire that an intelligent idea can be formed of the history of England, and an interest aroused that will lead to a deeper and more extensive study of her history. (iii) IV Introduction. England and the United States have often been called cousins, though it might be said with greater truth that they are brothers. The Anglo-Saxon race is to become the dominant factor in the future development and prog- ress of the world, and it is the manifest will of Heaven that these invincible Powers shall clasp hands and march triumphantly forward, side by side, in their benefactions to the members of the whole human family, in all climes and under all conditions. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. From the Earliest Times to the Reign of Egbert. A. D. 802. The Early Britons— Their Customs — The Druids— Caesar's Invasion of Brittany— Its Conquest by the Romans— The Invasion by the Picts and Scots — Withdrawal of the Romans from Brittany, . , .13 CHAPTER II. Danes and Saxons. 802-1066. Good Conferred by the Roman Invasion— Introduction of Christianity — "The Groans of the Britons"— Vortigern— The Saxons— The Saxon Heptarchy— Egbert— Angle-Land or England— Alfred the Great— His Grand Work for England— Edward, Athelstone, Edmund, Edred, Ethelred, the Unready— His Horrible Crimes— Invasion of England by Sweyn, the Danish King— The Danish Invasion— Canute— Harold — Hardicanute— Edward the Confessor— A Strange Victory — Harold, 26 CHAPTER III. Normans. 1066-1154. William the Conqueror— William II. (1066-1100.) William Duke of Normandy — His Invasion and Conquest of England — Coronation vi William I., Better Known as William the Conqueror — A Revolt— Us Merciless Suppression by William — The Curfew Bell — (v) vi Contents. The Domesday Book — Robert, William and Henry, Sons of King William — Extravagance and Cruelty of King William — His Death — William the Red — His Wicked Character — Good Archbishop Anselm — Strange Death of King William— Henry I. — "The Lion of Jus- tice" — A Few Good Things Accomplished by Him — Return of Robert — His Departure, 47 CHAPTER IV. Normans (Concluded). 1066-1154. Henry I.— Stephen. (1100-1154.) Perfidy of Henry I. — Cruelty to his Brother Robert — Melancholy Death of Prince Edward — Death of Henry— Stephen— War Over the Claims of Matilda and Stephen — Brief Reign of Matilda — Wise Decision of a Dispute — Death of Stephen — The Great or National Council — The King's Council— Trial by Ordeal- Trial by Battle— Orders of Nobility in England and France — Land Tenures — The Feudal System — Cav- alry, Knights and Foot Soldiers — Ceremony of Knighting — Books — Ignorance of the Knights — Surnames — Fashions — Amusements — Cru- elties of the Barons, .......... 65 CHAPTER V. Peantagenets. 1154-1399. Henry II. (1154-1189.) Henry's Reforms — "Scutage" — Difficulties with the Clergy — Appoint- ment of Thomas Becket as Archoishop of Canterbury — Quarrel Be- tween him and the King — The "Constitutions of Clarendon" — Flight of Becket — Reconciliation Between Becket and the King— Re- newed Quarrel — Murder of Becket — Penance Done by the King — Con- quest of Ireland — The King's Rebellious Sons — His Death from a Broken Heart, 80 Contents. vii chapter VI. Plant agenets (Continued). 1154-1399. Richard I. the Lion-Hearted. (1189-1199.) The Crusades— Richard the Lion-Hearted — His Wonderful Prowess as a Warrior — His Exploits in Palestine— Knightly Saladin — Richard's Departure for Home — His Imprisonment in Germany — Romantic Story of his Discovery by his Favorite Page — Kansom of Richard— His Return to England— His Coronation, his War with France and his Death — The Good Resulting from the Crusades, .... 92 CHAPTER VII. Plantagenets (Continued). 1154-1399. John— Henry III.— Edward I. (1199-1307.) John's Despicable Character— Murder of Arthur— King John Driven Out of France and the Duchy of Normandy — England Put Under an In- terdict by the Pope— King John's Dethronement Declared by the Pope— His Submission—Revolt of the Barons— Signing of the Magna Charta by King John— His Perfidy— His Death from Gluttony- Crowning of Henry III.— His Worthless Character— His Power Taken from Him— Civil War— His Long: Reign and Death— Edward I. Be- comes King— First Prince of Wales— War with Scotland— Banish- ment of the Jews — Death of Edward I., 105 CHAPTER VIII. Plantagenets (Concluded). 1154-1399. Edward II.— Edward III.— Richard II. (1307-1399.) Worthless Character of Edward II.— Monarchical and Republican Forms of Government Compared— Lords Ordainers— Gaveston, the King's Favorite— Battle of Bannockburn— The Hundred Years' War— Its ( viii Contents. PA0E Causes— Battle of Crecy— Edward the Black Prince— First Use of Gun- powder by the British— Capture of Calais— The Black Plague— Eng- lish Victory at Poictiers— Death of Edward the Black Prince — Richard II.— Revolt of the Peasants Under Wat Tyler— Government Taken from Richard— Chevy Chase— King Richard's Revenge— His Dethronement and Death— John Wickliffe and his Blessed Work, . 120 CHAPTER IX. House of Lancaster. 1399-1461. Henry IV. — Henry V. — Henry VI. Conspiracies in Every Quarter — Revolt of the Percy Family— Crushing of the Rebellion at Shrewsbury — Burning of Heretics — Death of Henry iy p — w ar of Henry V. Against France — Great English Victory at Agincourt — Death of Henry V. — Crowning of Henry VI. — His Weak Character — The Wonderful Story of Joan of Arc — English Driven Out of France — Marriage of Henry VI. to Margaret of Anjou — His Dominance in the Government of England — Unpopularity of the Queen — Execution of the Duke of Suffolk — Jack Cade's Rebellion—- The War of the Roses— Triumph of the House of York, . . . i35 CHAPTER X. House of York. 1461-1485. Edward IV. — Edward V. — Richard III. Battle of Towton — Edward IV.— Quarrel with the Earl of Warwick — Death of Henry— Misfortunes of Queen Margaret— Death of t'/va Prince — Introduction of Printing into England — Death of Edw&fot IV. — Edward V. Proclaimed King — Cruelty of Richard, Duke of Gloucester — Crowned as Richard III. of England — Murder of the Two Princes in the Tower of London — Henry Tudor — Battle of Bosworth Field — Death of Richard — Last of the Plantagenets and End of the War of the Roses — Most Important Events Between 1154 and 1485— Disappearance of Serfdom and Feudalism — Armor of the Period- Commerce and Trade — Improvement in the Modes of Living — Gro- tesque Fashions — First Era in English Literature, .... 149 Contents. ix CHAPTER XL House of Tudor. 1485-1603. Henry VII.— Henry VIII. —Edward VI. (1485-1553.) PAGE Character of Henry VII.— Two Pretenders to the English Throne— Exe- cution of Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick— Discovery ot America— Henrv VIII.— Battle of the Spurs— The Field of the Cloth of Gold -Luther's Reformation— The Pope Proclaims Henry De- fender of the Faith— Fall of Cardinal Wolsey— Trial of Queen Cath- erine—King Henrv Made Head of the Church in England— Ex- communicated by the Pope— Destruction of the Monasteries— King Henry's Many Marriages—" Act of Six Articles "—Death of Henry- Edward VI. — The Duke of Somerset— Persecution of the Catholics- Sufferings of the People— Lady Jane Grey, 165 CHAPTER XII. House of Tudor (Concluded). 1485-1603. Mary— Elizabeth. (1553-1603. ) Brief Reign of Lady Jane Grey— Queen Mary- England Formally Brought Back to the Roman Church— Disastrous War with* ranee— "Bloody Mary"— Queen Elizabeth— Her Difficult Task— England s Dangers— The Beginning of England's Maritime Career— Destruction of Spain's Invincible Armada-The Sad Story of Mary Queen of Scots— Elizabeth's Duplicity— Her Last Days— Glories of the ludor Period, CHAPTER XIII. House of Stuart. 1603-1714. James I. -Charles I. (1603-1642.) Union of England and Scotland— " Divine Right of Kings"— The Three Religious Parties in the Kingdom— Preference of James— Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh— The Gunpowder Plot— Personal Appearance 180 Contents. of James I. — English Settlements in America — Translation of the Bible — Marriage of Prince Charles and Henrietta Maria of France- Death of King James — Two Fatal Blunders of Charles I. — Quarrel Between the King and Parliament — The Petition of Right — Assassina- tion of the Duke of Buckingham— King Charles's Illegal Methods of Raising Money — Revival of Monopolies— The Star Chamber — The Long Parliament — Insurrection in Ireland— The "Grand Remon- strance" — Royal Standard Raised by the King at Nottingham, . 195 CHAPTER XIV. Interregnum — The Commonwealth. 1642-1660. Oliver Cromwell — Cavaliers and Roundheads — Indecisive Battles — League of England with Scotland — Defeat of Royalists at Marston Moor — Bravery and Military Skill of Cromwell — Decisive Parliamentary Victory at Naseby — Surrender of King Charles to the Scots — Deliv- ered to Parliament and Held a Prisoner — "Colonel Pride's Purge" — Condemnation and Execution of Charles I. — Cromwell Crushes a Rebellion in Ireland and Routs the Scottish Army — Flight of Charles II. — England a Republic — Its Success and Prosperity — Parliament Dissolved by Cromwell — The " Barebones Parliament" — Cromwell made Lord Protector — The "Humble Petition and Advice" — Some of the Virginia Cavaliers — Character of Cromwell — Bigotry of the Puritans— Cromwell's Last Days and Death — Richard Cromwell — His Resignation as Lord Protector — The Convention Parliament — The Restoration, 209 CHAPTER XV. House of Stuart (Concluded). 1603-1714. Charles II. — James II. — William and Mary — William III. — Anne. (1660-1714.) Reaction from Puritanism — Execution of Cromwell's Judges — Extrava- gance of King Charles— Great Plague of London — Great Fire of London — Duplicity of the King — War Against Holland — William, Prince of Orange — "Whigs" and "Tories" — Habeas Corpus Act — Rye House Plot — Death of Charles and Accession of James II. — Duke of Monmouth's Rebellion — Unpopularity of James's Acts in Contents. Favor of Catholics— The Seven Bishops— Flight of James— Crowning of William, Prince of Orange, and Mary— Defeat of James at the Battle of the Bovne— Hopes of James Destroyed in 1692— Treaty of Ryswick— Death" of Mary— Death of William III. — Good Queen Anne— War of the Spanish Succession— The Duke of Marlborough— His Victorious Career and his Disgrace— Union of England and Scot- land—Adoption of a New Flag— Death of Queen Anne— The " Au- gustan Age of England"— First Daily Paper in England, . . .224 CHAPTER XVI. House of Hanover. 1714 . George F— George II. (1714-1760.) George I.— A Good-Natured Dolt— His Sensible Course— The Present Method of Government— The Old Pretender— Suppression of the Jacobite Outbreak— Extension of the Duration of Parliament— Intro- duction of Inoculation for the Cure of Smallpox— Dr. Jenner's Dis- coveries— " Every Man has his Price"— Death of George I.— George It. —Events in America— A War Caused by a Man's Ear -War of the Spanish Succession— American Colonies Involved— Defeat and Flight of the Young Pretender- Blight of Intemperance— Great Religious Revival— John and Charles Wesley and the Methodists, . . .241 CHAPTER XVII. House of Hanover (Continued). 1714 . George III. (1760-1820.) Character of King George III. -Struggle of England and France for Mas- tery in America— George Washington— Braddock's Massacre— Early French Successes— William Pitt— Great Change Wrought in American Affairs— Defeat of France and Spain— Terms of the Treaty of 1/63— The Stamp Act— Revolt of the American Colonies— The Revolution- Independence of the United States Acknowledged by Great Britain- Lord Gordon Riots in London -The French Revolution of 1,89— Napoleon Bonaparte— Nelson's Victory of the Nile— His Gallantry at Cape St. Vincent— Decisiv 3 English Naval Victory of Trafalgar- Peninsular War in Spain— Second War Between Great Britain and xii Contents. PAGE the United States — Peninsular War Continued — Waterloo — Death of George III.— His Last Days, 254 CHAPTER XVIII. House op Hanover (Continued). 1714 . George IV.— William IV. (1820-1837.) Infamous Character of George IV. — Interference of England, France and Russia in Favor of Greece against Turkey — Union of England and Ireland— Repeal of Unjust Acts by Parliament — Incongruous Representation — Parliamentary Reforms — Abolition of the African Slave Trade— Abolishment of Slavery in the British West Indies — Death of William IV.— His Successor, 272 CHAPTER XIX. House of Hanover (Continued) 1714 . Victoria. (1837-1901.) Victoria — Her Marriage to Prince Albert — War in Afghanistan — In the Punjaub — The Crimean War — Charge of the Six Hundred — Florence Nightingale — Sepoy Mutiny in India — England's Unjust Course in the American Civil War — Alabama Claims — War with China — With the Transvaal Republic — First British Steamboat — First British Lo- comotive — Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway — James Watt's Improvement of the Steam Engine — Spinning Jenny — Pottery Manufacture — Telegraph — Submarine Cables — Age of Electricity, . 278 CHAPTER XX. House of Hanover (Concluded). 1714 . Victoria. (1837-1901. Concluded.) The History of England a History of Progress— The Oppressive Corn Law — Its Repeal— The Roman Catholic Emancipation Bill — Its Un- Contents. xni just Provisions — Disestablishment Law — Sunday Schools — Further Reform Measures— Woman Suffrage — Removal of Political Restric- tions from Jews— Second Reform Bill — Third Reform Bill — Home Rule in Ireland — Establishment of a System of Public Schools — All Colleges and Universities Thrown Op m to Every Religious Faith — England a Great and Progressive Nation— This Truth Apparent in Every Department of Thought and Action — The Destinies of the World in the Hands of the United States and Great Britain, 296 2— Ellis' England. Great Seal of Henry VIII. ifrmmuitt w flUfatnmq'frflMW qihipiliebut jju