/.•i-;?^-\ c°^iat'^.*°o /.•i.;^.\ /•^a';i-*^ SUPPLEMENT TO THE EMANCIPATOR. A LETTER THOMAS CLARKSON, JAMES 9ROPPER PREJUDICE VINCIBLE; THE PRACTICABILITY OF CONdUERING PREJUDICE BY BETTER MEANS THAN BY SLAVERY AND EXILE ; IN RELATION TO THE AMEKICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. BY C. STUART. -Op'en tb, n.o«th. pdge nghteously. and plead the cause of the poo. aad needy.»-P.o.. x„i. 0. RE-PRINTED FROM AN ENGLISH EDITION. 1833 -1^ INDEX. Letter to Thomas Clarkson, by James Cropper, ------. --..3 Description of Liberia, - .--.---.-.-.__5 Fundamental Principle of the American Colonization Society, ----..--5 General Obsf^rvafions, ........._...__. .5 duotations from Reports of the American Colonization Society, ---.-■- .5 Real and proposed remedies contrasted, --..----.....7 Assertions and Evidences, ................g Evi's incident to all Colonies on the African coast as long as negro slavery lasts, ..... II Evidences in favor of the free colaf ^i JBoplc, - ---.......12 Contrast between Jamaica, and aoJ 5Te United States, --.-..-..12 Our duty, ,-- ...-.-......'. 13 A I.ETTEI1 TO THOMAS CLARKSON, JAMES CROPPER, Liverpffol, lOlh month 2(1, 1832. ?viT DEAR Friend — It has caused mc deep regret to sec thy name amongst those ot^many long tried friends of hunaanity ^s supporters of the American Colonization Society. — Though I am not surprised that many, under the mask of a voluntary and prosperous settlement of free 'blacks on the coast of Africa — a measure in which «vcry friend of humanity must rejoice — have been 'led to support a scheme the nature and effects of which are of a very different character. In judging of this scheme we ought never to lose sight of two facts with respect to the enslaved Afri cans in the United States, in which the enormities of that free country have exceeded those of any otlier. — The first is, that slaves are regularly bred for sale. — The second, that in many of the States the laws af- fecting free blacks are of so violently persecuting a character as to compel those who obtain their liberty to leave those States.. From the former of these cau- ses, instances must often occur (from the state of morals in slave countries) of fathers selling their own children ! ! From the latter has originated the Colo- nization society; it arose out of those prejudices against color, and is a direct attempt to extend the same prin- ciple to transportation. Why are slave-holders so anxious to send away free people of color? Because their slave institutions would be endangered by thccompetitien of respecta- ble free black laborers ; and they dread slill more their education and advancement in science. If they were desirous to serve the free blacks they would instruct them at home, (not a few of them, but every one that they send,) and not send them, in ignorance to a barbarous countiy. To this real scheme of transporting the people of color a professed one is attached, for the ultimate ex- tinction of slavery, by the transportation of the whole black population to the coast of Africa; and we are gravely told that one hundred thousand slaves are rea- dy to be given up, if means can be found of sending them to Africa ! A most extraordinary statement, and one for which I believe there is no foundnt i, in ei- her fact pr probability. Can it be beli" • ? 5hat the slave-holders of tlie United States are ready to give up their property, worth at least five millions sterling ? — a liberality unheard of since the foundation of the world. In all the rest of the United States, enough to pay the expense of their emigration cannot be rais- ed, and hence it is sought for in England. If there was any truth in this wonderful statement, we must all of us have been sadly deceived about the debasing effects of slave-holding on the minds of those enga- ged in it. No other occupation ever produced such extraordinary liberality. It would be interesting to know to what class these men belong. Is it the practice of selling their own children which has produced this extraordinary effect ? Or are these men amongst the slave-buyers, who pur- chase them for no other purpose than to give them their freedom so soon as the means of sending them to Liberia can be found? Is it not strange indeed, that any man can be bold enough to make assertions so obviously at variance with truth ? To whatever extent this transportation of slaves was carried, the slave-holders know that the price of those slaves which remain would be enhanced, and their condition embittered, by the removal of all hopes of liberty, so precious to the human soul. The free col- ored people I)eing kept few and poor, will be preven- ted from rising, by fair competition, to the equal rank and honorto which that competition naturally conducts, when not marred in its progress by some such scheme as the American Colonization Society. No wonder that with the exception of some who do not understand the plan, the planters are friendly to the colonization scheme. But the free people of color are opposed to this scheme. They have comm'rtted no crime, and -do not like to be transported and to suffer the highest penalty of the law next to death. To whatever cxtcRt the United States expatriate their cotton cultivators they destroy one of the chief -inews of their own prosperity, and increase the temp- tation to other states to renew the slave trade by fresh importations. The whole revenue of the United States, for fully thirty years to come, would be required to purchase the slaves and to transport them and the free blacks to Afric «. Such an idea as the extiactioii «£" Bkvery by means of the Colonization Society can never have been seriously contemplated. No! per- petuation, and not extinciimi of slavery, i? its obicct! The first command ever j^iven to r.^a;i Mas " Be fruitful and multiply." Who can doubt thai it is :'or his interest to obey this and every other command of God? But in no case is it so manifest as when in a state of slavery. The value of men, as of every oth- er commodity, is governed by their plenty or scarcity ; where they are so abundant that parishes are willing to pay the expenses of emigration to get rid of them, there must be an end of slavery. Every increase' of numbers tends, whilst it is a proof of better treatment, to promote the mitigation and final extinction of sla- very: audit must be admitted that the Americans evince this proof of good treatment. The slaves in the United States have rapidly increas- ed, and this increase has been highly beneficial to the cause of humanity. It is estimated that they havei increased since 1S03, (the time of both our and their abolition of the slave trade,) from 1,130,000 to 2,010,- OOO, and they have mote than trebled the growth of cotton since the peace in 1814, and have reduced its price to one-Uiird of what it then was, though the Bra- zils, with all their slave trading, have only added one- fourth part to their growth of cotton in the same time. Hence it is plain, that if there has been any increase in the cotton cultivators of Brazils, few or no slaves can have been imported for its cultivation. May we not then say that the increase of the slavu population of the United States has done more than all our enor- mous expenditure for the suppression of the African slave trade ? It cannot but be interesting to thee to know what ■would have been the efiect^of a similar increase in the English West Indian slaves. H?.d they increased in the same proportion as those of the United State? (since the abolition of the slave trade) their numbers would have been 728,317 more than they now arc, which, if employed in the cultivation of sugar, would have been sufticient to have produced an increase of 240,000 tons annually, whilst all the slave trading of the Braxils and Cuba and the French colonics have only added 115,000 tons to their growth. Such an in- crease of sugar would have greatly reduced its price. and consequently the price of slaves, and thereby have destroyed the slave trade for the growth of sugar, as it has long since extinguished that for the cultiva- tion of indigo, and moro recently for the growth of cotton. The disguise is now removing, and the real ip.nAm cy of the society is becoming apparent. A bill was re ported to the House of Delegates of Virginia for scnc ingthe free blacks away by force; but though tin compulsory clause was rejected, it is added that sev- ral other motions wcr-> made, and decided by major tics which amply proved the determination of tli House, to adopt some measure for the removal of th free blacks. These legislators admit that the fr( blacks will not leave the land withont some sort i force; which nmy either be absolute, or by renderin their situation absolutely intolerable. Great injury has been done to the cause of negi emancipation by the encouragement which the agei of this most diabolical scheme has received from th sanction of thy name. The term diabolical is not tc severe ; for never did Satan, M-ith more success, tran Iforra himself into an angel of light than m the gloi which has covered its deformities. These persecuted free blacks view the whole pla with the abhorrence which is justly due to it, and ws which we should view a plan of general transport tion from the land of our nativity. The slave-owne are its advocates and suppoiters. Surely the name Clarkson will be withdrawn from the ranks of the o pressors, and will be found, as it has ever yet bee amongst the friends of the oppressed African race. Let us repair the injury which has been done \ both sides of the water by this unholy connexion Ij twcen slave-holders and philanthropists ; for since tli scheme has been on footits deadening influence ont energies of the friends of humanity in the United Sta1j has been most manifest. Let there no longer be any doubt which side is ken by the philanthropist of England. Let them clare their deep feeling of sympathy with thc.ve sor persecuted and oppressed people; and such an exa pie will be followed in the United States, where friends of humanity will hasten to leave the ranks the oppressors, and the cause of justice will agi flourish. May I particularly request thy attentive peru ofthe following twenty pages, writtt^n by my Trie Charics Stuart, one of the most devotifd Christian have ever known, and an unwearied advocate sf oppressed Africans, I am, with great regard, Thy sincere friend, JAMES CROPPER PREJITDICE VINCIBLE, &.C, Conflicting statements having been plAced before ti\e pnblic on the subject of the American Coloniza- tion Society, the writer is led by what he deems a sol- -cinn resjard for truth and duty, to offer the following ■evidence in relation to it: Liberia is an American settlement on the western -roast of Africa, about 206 miles southward of Sierra Leone, in lat. 6 deg. 30 min. N. and Ion. 11 deg. W. Its principal point is Cape Mesurado, on which Mon- rovia, its capital, is built. The settlement comprises a small domain, immediately around Mmi^'ovia, pur- •chused from the native chic/.;, and is io ^sely said to consist of a much larger territory, because the native chiefs have merely put themselves, during pleasurs, under its protection. Cape Mesurado is a fine eleva- ted spot, completely ventilated and drenched ^y•ith the fresh, moist, sea air, extending two or three miles. The rest of the territory differs in nothing materially from the fertile and imperfectly cultivated continental sea coasts of the regions of the equator. Vessels of moderate burthen only can enter its harbor. The American Colonization Society founded anO supports Liberia. It was commenced in 1817, and ot late has obtained considerable attention. Its funda- mental principles are embodied in the two fust arti- ■cles of its constitution, and are as follow : Article 1. "This Society shall be called 'The American Society for Colonizing the Free People of 'Colour of the United States.'" Article 2. " The object to which its attention is to be exclusively directed is to promote and execute a plan for colonizing (with their consent) the free jjcople of colpr residing in our country, in Africa, or such other place as Congress shall deem most expedient," fee. The broad facts of the case are these : The whole population of the United States is about 13,000,000. Out of this upwards of 2,000,000 are held in a most degrading and brutal state of personal sla- very, under laws worse than even those of the v/retch- ed slave c-olonies of Great Britain. Out of the v.hole, 330,000, tliough free, are in most cases only partially so ; and are exposed to an exceed ingly malignant ar,d destructive persecution, merely because lliey have a skin diticrenily colnrcd from the remaining eleven and a kalf millions of their lellow subjects. Both those two persecuted classes arc rapidly in- creasing. Their increase terrifies the slave party, and fills them with anxious musings of danger. The glaring contradiction of a free people being a,, slnve-holding people ; of eleven or twelve millions o men, calling themselves the most free in the world keeping upwards of 2 000.000 of their unoffending fel- low subjects in the most abject and degrading slavery, affects many, and urg£s them to seek a remedy. The word of God stands out lx;forc others, and bids them blush and tremble at the guilt and danger of thei. country, while the smothered cry of the oppressed and unoffending poor rises incessantly to God agamst *^From this state of things it was that the Americari colonization Society arose; by thi? state of things^ is that the American Colonization Society subsists. It is agreeable to the slave-master, for it calms his tears. It offers a remedy to the man who mourns over the dis- honor and inconsistency of his country ; and to tne man who fears God, it commends itself by pretendmfir to do all that it can for the unoffending poor. . The views of its advocates are frankly expressed in its own constitution as above quoted, and in '^s own reports. I refer to them all, particularly to the three last, 13th, 14th, and 13th, and submit from them Uie following quotations : 1. 1 3th Report, pag- 44 :— " The present number of this unfortunate, degraded, and anomalous class ot in- habitants cannot be much short of half a million, and the nvimbLris fast increasing. They areemphaticallj mildew u'^oa our fields, a scourge to our backs, and a stain upon our escutcheon. To remove them is mer- cy to our=,olves, and justice (!!!) to them." 15th Ke- port, pao-c 24 :— " The race in question were known, as a class, to be destitute, depraved, the victims ot ail forms of social misery. The peculiarity of their tate was, that this was not their condition lay accident or transiently, but inevitibly and immutably, whilst they remained "in their present place, bv a law as iniallible in its opo; ation as any of a physical nature." In same 15th Report, page 25:— "What is the free black to the slave ? A sUndi;ig, perpetual excitement to dis- content The slave would have then little excite- ment to c'iscontent, but for the free black, he would have as little to habits of depredation, his next strong- est tendency, but from the same source of deteriora- tion!!! Ingettinjrrid, then, of the free blacks, tho slave will be suvedTrom the chief occasions for sutter- ms:, and the owner from inflicting severity." 2. 1 5th Report, papc 26:— "If none were drained away, slaves became inevitably and speedi y redun- dant, &c. &c. When this sta.crchad been reached, what c.ur-e or remedy remainod f Was open hntchei-y tohe^ resorted to, as araon;r the Spartans with the helots; or <^cr)eral etrMiicipallon atul incorporaticn, as in ..^outli America; or ahamfor.vunt of the ccimtry by the mas- tera ?''* Either of those was a deplorable catastro- phe- could all of them be avoidod? and if they could, how .' "There was but one way, and it was to provide •In conlpmplotinc tlicse altPrnativrs, how c.nn we sufflcicnt. Ivftrlinirethe goncUiess of God In havinir piovutPil tliiit the increase o( eUve" shall necessarily lead to emancipatmn ana incorooriUionl And how can we be sufficiently sirucX with horror at the deliboralc and Insolent cruelty of man, in dcvls- '>.' schemes like this for ll.c perpetuation of slavery .-J. fc-. ■t,nd keep open a drain for lite excess of iiicvcasc, beyond the occasions of profitable employment, &.c. &c. This drain was already opened." The ^^fncan Repository, vol. 7, pac:e 246, says, " Enoacrh, under favorable cir- cumstances, might be removed for a few successive years, if young fema'es loere encouraged to go, to keep Ihe whole colored population in fAfc/c .'.'.'" How dread- ful thus coolly to rend asunder the sexes which wer'" made to be each other's mutual strength and solace through earth's dangerous pilgrimage !! And in i>age 232, anticipating within two generations a result of forty v/hit'?s to one black, it declares that all uheasi- ness would then be at an end. 3. In 14th Report, pages 12 and 13:— "Andtb- slave-holder, so far from having just cause to com- plain of the Colonisation Society, has reason to con- gratulate himself that in this institution a channel is opened up, in which the public feeling and public ae- '■tion can flow on without doing violence to Ids rights ! The closing of this channel mi^ht be calamitous to the slave-holder beyond his conception ; for the stream of benevolence that now flows so innocently in it might then break out in forms even far more dlsas- ^:rou3 than abolition societies and all their kindred :and ill-judged measires." Report of Pennsylvania Colonization Society for 1. The Evils which need a Remedy. Remedy needed. Remedy proposed by the American Col- onization Society. 1. The brutal and degrndinz per- The immediate abolition, by a well The sending to Africa under circum- sonal slavery of upwards of 2,000,000 digested legislative enactment in each stances as favorable as in their power, unoffending subjects of the United slave Statelind in Congress, of the bru- of as many of the enslaved and unof- States. tal, criminal, and luinous system of fending negroes as their own masters negro slavery, and the immediate sub- may please' to emancipate for that pur- stitution in ier seen il'^sliores. The po'>r, ignorant slave, M-ho in all probability, has never heard the name of Christ, by tlie colonization process is suddenly transformed into a 'missionary,' to instruct in the principles of cliristianity, and the arts of civilized life. The Friends have been the last to aid the system pursued by the society's ad- vocates. And we say (for we feel it") that in proportion as they become colonizationi.sts, they become lc?s active and less (riendly to our welfare, as citizens of the United States. "Tliere does exist iti the United Slates a pre- judice against us ; but is it unconquerable ? Is it not in the power of these gentlemen to sub- line it? If their object is to benefit us, why not better c-.:r condition here ? What keeps us ^^wn but the want of wealth ? Why do we not accumulate wealth ? Simply because we are not encouraged. If we wish to give our hoys a classical education, they are refused ad- mission into your colleges. If we consume our means in giving them a mercantile education, you will not employ them as clerks ; if they are taught navigation, you will not employ them as captains. If we make thera meehaa- 8 ics, you will not encourage tlieni, nor will white mechanics work in the same siiop with them. And with all these disiibilities, like mill-stones, about us, because we cannot point out our statesmen, bankers and lawyers, we are called an inferior race. "These gentlemen know but little of a large portion of the colored population of this city. Their opinions are forniijd from the unfortunate portion of our people, whose characters are scrutinized by them as judges of courts. Their patrician principles prevent an intercourse with men in the middle walks of life, antong whom a portion of our people may be classed. We ask them to visit the dwellings of the respectable part of our people, and we are satisfied that they will discover more civilization and refine- ment than will be found in the same number of white families of an equal standing. "Finally, we hope that those who have so eloquently pleaded the cause of the Indian, will at least endeavor to preserve consistency in thejr conduct. They put no faith in Georgia, although she declares that the Indians shall not be removed but wiih their own consent. — Can they blame us if we attach the same credit U) the declaration, that they mean to colonize us onli/ with our consent 1 They cannot indeed, use force; that is out of the question. But they harp so much on 'inferiority, prejudice, distinc- tion,' and whatnot, that there will be no alter- native left us but to fail in with tlieir plans.— We are content to abide where we ai^. We do, not believe that things will always continu the same. The time must come when the de claration of independence will be felt in tho heart as well as uttered from the niouth ; and, when the rights of all shall be properly ackowl- edged and appreciated. God hasten that time ! This is our home, and this our country. Be- neath its sod lie the bones of our fathers : for it some of them fought, bled, and died. Here we were born, and here we will die." (Signed) "Samuel Ennals, Chairman." 'Dec. 25, 1830.' Extract from the Brooldyn Aildress, June^ 1831. "We truly believe that many gentlemen who are engaged in the Colonization Society are our sincere friends and well wishers ; they wish to do something for us, consequently they have subscribed largely to it, because there was no plan on foot. Some of them have been delu- ded into its schemes, with a view of thorough- ly civilizing Africa, by our free people of color and emancipated slaves, who may, from time to time, be colonized on its coast, with their own consent. We conceive that such measures are fraught with inconsistency, and in no way cal- culated to liave such an effect. To send a par- cel of unlnstructed, uncivilized, and unchristian people to the western coast ofAuica, with Bi bles in their hands, to teach the natives the truths of the gosina!, social happiness, and mor^ al virtue, is mockery and ridicule in the ex- treme. "Missionary families should be well instruc- ted in the rudimen ts of our holy religion, that their example may shine forth as hghts in that much neglected .and benighted land. '•Many wish us to go to Africa, because they ay tiiai our consdtutions are better adapted to that climate th;in this. If so, we woiUd ask why so many of our hearty, hale, and heal- thy countrymen, on arrhivg in that country, fall victims to the malignant fevers and disor- ders prevalent i)/, those reffionsl We would observe that nont -■ are exempt i'rom being touch- ed with the coni agion. It operates more se- verely upon tho-!e from the higher latitudes. "Brethren, it is time for us to awake to our interests, for the colonization society is strain- ing every nerve for the accomplishment of its objects. They have got the consent of eleven states, who have instructed their senators to do something in the next congress for our removal. Maryland calls imperatively on the general government to send us away, or else they will colonize their ovvji free blacks. They have by their influence, stopped the emancipation of slaves in a measur e, except for colonization pur- poses. « 'We pray the Lord to hasten the day when prejudice, inferiority, degradation, and oppres- sion will be done away, and the kingdoms of this world become the kingdom of God and his Christ. (Signed) "H. C. Thompson, Chairman." Extracts from the JVew-Haven Addi-ess, Atigust, 1831. '•Resolved, That we consider those christians and philantropists, who are boasting of their liberty and equality, saying that all men are born free and equal, and yet are endeavoring to remove us from our native land, to be inhuman? in their proceedings, defective in their princi- ples, and imworthy of our confidence. '■'•Resolved, That we consider these coloni- zationists and ministers of the Gospel, who are advocating our transportation to an unknown clime, because our skin is a little darker than theirs, notwithstanding God has made of one blood all nations of men, and has no respect of persons, as violators of the commandments of God and the laws of the Bible, and as trying to blind our eyes by their vain movements — their mouths being as slippery as oil, and their words sharper than a two edged sword. ^'Resolved, That it is our earnest desire that Africa may become speedily civilized, and re- ceive religious instructions ; but not by the ab- surd and invidious plan of the colonization soci- ety, namely, to send a nation of ignorant men to leach a nation of ignorant men. We think it most wise for them to send missionaries. ^'Resolved, That we know of no other place that we can call our true and appropriate home,. 9' excepting tlicse United Hlalts, into wliicli our fathers were brouglit, who enriched the coun- try by their toils, and fought, and bled, ana died iin its defence, and left us in its possession ; and here we will live and die." (Signed) "Henry Berp.ian. Chairman." Auhist 81 h, 1831. Extracts from PUtshurgh Resolutions, September, 1S31. "Resolved, It is the decided opinion of this meet- ing that African colonization is a scheme to }'^. ''l^'^''"''''pnty."~Proceedings of tht^eio lorlc btale Colonization Sori-ty at its second anniver- sary. E.B. Caldwell, the first Secretary of the American Colonization Society, m his speech at its formation, re- commended them tc\ be kept "in the lowest state of ir chance do )'ou give them of posscssingtheir apathy ! !" 10, It deceives and misleads the nation. At one time the colonizationistssay, ".Qdmittino-that the oelonization scheme contemplates the utter aboli- tion of slavery, yet that result could only be produced by the gradual and slow operation of centHries "— ^f rican Repnsitonj, page 217. And yet, by a sche-4 like this, It satisfies its proselytes that they am doin^ their duty, and that they are going to abolish slavery !" Again,— Mr. Clay, their champion, savs, "Every emigrant to Africa is a missionary, rarryirrT with hiiii credentials in the holy cause of civilization, relioion and free institutions."- And multitudes believe him ' ' Again,— "As to the morals of the colonists I con- sider them much better than those of the people of the Unrted States. That la, you may take an equal number of inhabitants from any section'of the Union, and you will lind more drunkards, more profane swearers and sabbath breakers, &c. tlian in Liberia. The Sabbath 13 more strictly observed than I oversaw it in the Uni- ted States."— J. Mechlin, Jan. Governor of Liberia. Now, leaving magic out of the case, let us allow this to be true,and what pitiable and criminal insanity does It mark in the United States, to transpon such a peo- ple,— or havmcr transported them, nottosend ships of the -nation to entreat them l,ack instantly to evan- gelize their native country. Or let us deem it false and how base and cruel is the decoy, which is thus heW out to us, to patronize a system so nefarious. The American Colonization Society tells us, that the exiles in Liberia consist of emaiicipated slaves But this a deception. They consist chiefly of /rce people of color. Now why have they not really sent, and onlx, sent, emancipated slaves instead of free'people of color seeing they have, as they say, so manv thousands of- fered to them for that purpose? Will thev i-pply "\Ve have sent free people of color, because they are morel virtuous, and it was necessary to lay an inteliio-ent and virtuous foundation?" Then bnw «K,r,v„„ Jf.A i pie of color ! Or will they reply, "Oh, we have made a careful selection between the virtuous and vicious?" 1 hen where wii! the sekction be when they be-^in to transport Mr. Clay's six or Jifty-six thousand mifsiona- nes yearly ! The American Colonization Society pretends that It costs but twenty dollars each to send the exiles to Liberia. On the tuher liund, we have a report to the hinate of the Unilod States, made in 1S2S by Mr Tazewell, arguing that the expense must be 100 dol- lars per head, perhaps twice as much,— and very con- vincing reasons are given in favor of this estimate. Again, The American Colonization Society pretcnd«< that It has abolished the .\frican slave trade to a vast extent. But in their .yrican Repository, vol. 5, p. 274 I read " It has been declared felony, it has been decla- red piracy ; and the fleets of Britain and America have been commissioned to drive it from the ocean. Still in defiance ol all this array of legislation and arma- ment, slave ships ride triumphantly^on the ocean ; and in these floating caverns f:om sixty to eighty thou- sand wretches are borne annually away to slavery or death. Of these wretches a fiiglitful number are, with an audacity that amazes, landed and disposed oi with- in the jurisdiction of this republic.''' "The fact that much was done by Mr. Ashmun to banish it from the territory under the colonial juris- diction, is unquestionable, but it now exists even on 'his terrhory ; and a little to the north and south of Liberia it is seen in its true characters, of fraud ra- pine, and blood. In the opinion of the late ncen't the present efforts to suppress this trade must prove abor- tive."— 13-»*> 12 port, page 12. Mr. Frelinghuysen, one of the finest miiuls in tl/e United States, is speaking. "Yes, Sir, I ascribe it chiefly to the kindly influence of this Society, that the indiscriminate clamors, once so liberally dealt out, have all died .ivvay. I hail the return of better feelings, of juster vie«s. \Vu now. Sir, regard the mischief as of common and universal concern. The language of harsh and unjust crimina- tion and reproach is succeeded by that of sympathy «nd kindness!"— That is, formerly freemen used to feel andspeakhke iVeemen, like reallovers of righteous liberty, in their intercourse with slave-holders. But now the freeman smiles courteously upon the oppres- sor of his unoffending brother, and joins in all his slave-holding sympatliies! Such is the American Co- lonization Society. But the free blacks have not always been thus tra- duced and persecuted. There have been occasions when the truth has been wrung out, and when, under the power of the emergency, their persecutors them- selves have left an imperishable reeord of their own infamy, whenever they -dare to slander, as they are doing, this alBicted and outraged class. In tlie great plague in Philadelphia, (yellow fever,) just after the revolutionary war, the mayor of the city officially acknowledged the public gratitude due to the free colored people, for their eminent services in the very jaws of deatli. In the Friend, an American paper of Jan. 28, 1832, speaking of the late drcjidful fire in Raleigh, Virginia, we read "Too much praise cannot be bestowed on the colored population, who used every exertion in their power tij be serviceable." During the public emergency at Is cw Orleans, in the last war, the free colored people \vere called upon in conmion with the whiles, and their services were thus recorded by General Jackson : — "Soldiers,— When on the banks of the Mobile, I called you to take up arms, inviting you to partake the perils and glory of your white fellow citizens; I ex- pected much from you, lor I was noi iynoiunt iliut you posecsscd qualities most formidable to an inva- ding enemy. I knew with what fortitude you could end'iire hunger and thirst, and all the fatigues of a campaign. 1 knew well how you loved your naiive country%nd that you had, as well as ourselves, to de- fend what man holds most dear, his parents, relations, wife, children, and property. You have done more than I expected. In addition to the previous qualities I before knew you to poss(:ss, I find, moreover, among you a noble enthusiasm, which leads to the perform- ance of great things. "Soldiers,— The President of the United States shall hear how praiseworthy was your conduct in the hourof dancer ; and the lepresentativcs of the Amer- ican people will, I doubt not, give you the praise your deeds entitle you to. Your Genera! anticipates them in applauding your noble ardor. "The enemy approaches: his vessels cover our lakes ; our brave citizens are untied, and all contention has ceased among them. Their only dispute i-^, who shall win the prize of valor, or who tiie most glory, its noblest reward ? " By order, (Signed) Thomas Butler, Aid-Jc-Camp."' In Philadelphia, by the census of 1S30, the proportion of the free colored peophi to the whites, vva:^ about one-ninth. Cut in the sanre year, during the lime of the greatest need, the proportion of the free colored ouT-of-door paupers, receiving regular weekly supplies, only about onc-ticenty-thircJ, that is, in proportion to their several numbers, there was twice as much ex- treme pauperism amongst the whites as amongst the free blacks. One causeof this disproportion deserves to be particularly noticed ; it is, thai they have numerous societies amongst thtmseives for mvlual aid; and this, while they are commonly confined to the lowest offices of the community, and the most honorable and profit- able professions are generally closed against them. In the winter of 1S30, wood for fuel became exces- sively dear at Rochester, a flourishing town in the State of New York. A benevolent society was quick- ly formed, and a general visitation commenced. The visitors entered in their course the house of a free eol- ored laboring man, and found that he was possessed cf a large store of the finest wood. They offered to purcliase it from him ; he refused ; they tempted him with a higher price, he c.ahnly and steadily refused. — " But you must let us have it," they said, "for hun- dreds of the poor are perishing of cold." " Oh," said the man, "is that what you want it for? then take half of it freely ! 1 want no price." He gave the half, and would reeeive nothing. And these arc the people whom the colonizationists are traversing land and sea to get transported from their native country- Not long ago, our own whites were as insanely crueV in principle in our own wretched slave colonies, on- ly no process equally cruel had occurred to them for the development of their dreadiul insanity. But now, righteousness has so far prevailed, tliat these same abhorred and slandered free-colored people have been placed upon a par in law with the whites ; and thefiist men in the assembly of Jamaica, I mean thefiist in manly and generous principle, as far as their public conduct in the assembly qualifies us to judge of them are acluaUy colored men. Yes, the names of Watkis and of JNIaundersoii, in these particulars, will live ia the hearts of every lover of righteousness, while the remembrance ot the supjiorters of slavery, whenever truth and law shall prevail over prejudice and tyranny, shall present no I'airer picture than that of the felon — felons in htiart and in deed, and only not oalleil anil treated as felons, for a time, because the luxohss laws of their country, thru put darkness for light, and light for darkness: i/ifn call evil good, and good evil. Is not the African slave trade now called felony ? And' what has made it more felony now, than it was while \\. was honorable and legal 7 Do human laws alter the nature of things, or can man subvert the constitutions of his Maker? And what real difference is there be- tween negro slavery and the African slave trade ? — What, btU that negro slavery is the parent, and the African slave trade the child loorthy of its sire. What, but that negro slavery is the cause, and the African slave trade the consequence worthy of its cause. Is not the one as fundamentally as the other, a system of rob!)ery and wrong? What article of property in the world is so inalienably his, and so sacredly dear to everv man, as liis own personal liberty? and if the man who purloins my purse, or plunders or burns my house — these unspeakably lesser and poorer things — be worthy of the last penalty of the law, ni'iuhat is the man worthy, whoever lie be, and whatever he the law for the time, — ot what, I say, is he worthy who plun- ders his uuoffiinding and guiltless neighbor of his per- sonal liberty? Or, if this be not felony — felony I mean in the nature of tilings — unalterably and ever~ lastingly felony — and felony of the highest grade, next to intentional and maliimant murder — what is felony? Where shall we find right? and what can be wrong? Or, what would then be wanting, but the opportuni- ty, the power, and the legality, to sanction the most atrocious deeds? 13 5. — JVoiO, what is our duty ? Is it to encourage a society which is riveting; his chains upon the unoifending slave ; and which is em- bittering and strengtheninj? the most atrocious of all prejudices against ihe persecuted free black man? Is it to encourage a society, which while it as- sails slavery in Africa, is spreading the kindliest sha- dow of its wings over a worse slavery in the United States ? Is it to encourage a society, which can so impudent- ly presume upon our ignorance, as to represent alow, fertile, moist, and imperfectly cultivated region within eight degrees of the equator, as a Paradise of health- fulness, to a class of people, tens of thousands of whom are the natives of the finest regions of the tem- perate climates, and of highly cultivated states ? Is it to encourage a society which so daringly tra- duces another colony, as to pretend that Liberia is the most healthful, while every one who pleases may know, that the sea-fiice and the upper settlements of the mountain ridge of Sierra Leone, is as healthful as Cape Mesurado, and is ten times as extensive; while the whole of the remainder, whether of Sierra Leone or Liberia, has alike the putrid climate which is common all over the world to lands of the same de- scription similarly situated' Is it to encourage a society, which recognizes the right of the slave-master, as a right which ought to be soothed ; as a right which righteous law ought not in- stantly to overturn, and from rebuking which in its pride, truth and love should refrain? Is it to encourage a society which carries death to the spirit of Christian enterprise, by substituting a plan which so harmonizes with wickedness, that sin- ners the most unbending in this respect can delight in it ? Is it to encourage a society which invites us to lend our aid to the moral and religious degradation of our honored brethren of the United States; to sap with their worst enemies the glorious principles of Chris- tian truth which nre growing there ; to sanction /rcc men in holdina; slaves, and Christians!! in plundering without compunction, God's unoffending and pros- trate poor? But what is our duty ? Britons, Christians, awake! The time past of our lives is enough to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, We ought not to seek, we do not want the aid of Sa- tan in doing the work of God. Ours is the business to abolish negro slavery in our own colonies, — to abolish it instantly and utterly, — to substitute at once, for the hncless iav}s which display its guilt and record its infomy, laws which shall be worthy of a great, free, and Chris- tian people. This is our duty. Every moment that we delay, our gtiilt is increasing ; and more and more deep- ly is entering into the ears of Jehovah of hosts, the cry of the laborer whose wages we are keeping hack by fraud : of the slave, whose innocent blood we are shed- ding. Britons, Christians, awake ! Still it is day ; still the opportunity lasts. Aw-ake! awake! lest, like the thunderbolt which ushered in the waters of the Flood, the dreadful words should break too late upon our ears, " Oh, Britain, Britain! thou that plunderedst my unoft'ending poor, and dravedst them by thousands to •leatli, thou that reviledstand resistedst them that were sent unto thee ; how often would I have gathered thee, even as a hengathereth her chickens, but ye would not. "Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." — Malt, xxiii, 38. Let us remember, that prepari^ig to do right is con- tinuing to do wrong ; that we cannot serve God and tnammon ! In relation to the American Colonization Society, let us prove that we love the members which compose it, by not suffering sin upon them, but by doing all that we can to bring them to repentance, that they may neither perish nor destroy ; but may obtain ever- asting life, through Him who died that sinners might not die ; and who says to us, with all the pathos of heavenly love, " Beloved, if God so loved us we ought to love one another." In relation to the free colored people, if we wish to help them, let us help them to be happy in their native ountry, instead of helping to drive them voluntarily into exile in a distant and barbarous land. Their real friends at home are actively aiding them to rise there, by assailing the brutal prejudice which outrages them, md by helping them with the means of religious, moral, and .intellectual culture. Amongst themselves they are alert in forming societies for their mutual provision, ed- ification and comfort. With the aid of their real friends amongst the whites, they are erecting schools and pre- paring to found a college. And in view of their present legradation through the insane prejudice which outra- ges them, and partirularly of the aggravated wrongs to which they have become subjected by the horrible rowth of colonization principles, they have resolved as a body, while the laughing white man still holds his processions, and clamors out his joy by ten thousand commingled voices on his occasions of revelry,they have resolved, I say, when the anniversaries of their few pri- vileges return, (the dearer because few) to express theif gratitude, without parade and without tumult, to the God who is everlastingly the friend of the poor, and the avenger of the oppressed. — And shall we join in goad- ing such a people as this to fly from their native coun- try, — and then cry, even in the face of everlasting truth, "They are doing it voluntarily !!!" In relation to the enslaved Americans. — Let us give what we ca7i give to the societies in the United States which seek their emancipation at home, instead of their exile far away, amongst an uncivilized people. Let us remember that exile is exile though it be belter than slavery. And if any defender of slavery, or excuser ot s^^ilt, ohouki start up and say, that this is out of the question, because the United States Government has no legal right to abolish slavery at home, let him know, that the United Stiites Government, being eminently a gov- ernmetit of public opinion, may be moulded, as it has been Ibrmed, by public opinion ; that all that is requi- site, is to correct public opinion; that the way to do this is not to pander to its wicked nes*, but to assail its wickedness by the all-conquering weapons of truth and love;"' that meanwhile each State has even now the legal title within its own jurisdiction; that tlie free people of each State have the power to reform their gov- ernments ; and that the genwal government lias already the right in its own territory of Columbia. Of the New England Anti-Slavery Society, the prin- ciples are as unobjectionable as is simple and everlait- ing truth. The President is Arnold Buftum ; the Sec- retary is William Lloyd Garrison ; the Treasurer, iMi- chael H. Simpson, Boston, Massachusetts. The an- nual subscription is two dollars, or about nine shillings; and the life subscription, fifteen dollars. This is the channel in which Christian and British love may flow towards the blacks, whether of America or of Africa, without inconsistency and without hypocrisy. I say of America and of Africa alike : for the cultivation of the blacks of the United States, in their own glorious country, will better provide for the missionary servkse of Africa than all the colonization missionaries in the world. And if it should yet be said," But the white people of the United States are so invincibly the slaves of this most bascand cruel prejudice, that they never will availthem- 14 sftWes of their glorious privileges to put it down, or to give tlieii- goverunieiits the puwer which is requisite," our plain answer is,— There are Bibles in America; there are minis'ters in America ; God is in America ; and Gotl has children in America ; and God can win the civilised sinner as well as the savage, to rcpeTitanee. It is as true in America as elsewheie, that '• Great is truth, and truth shall prevail :" and if the ministers of the gospel have not yet proclaimed it, let them hence- forward lift up their voice like a trumpet and sh.ow the people iheir sms : and let every one who can read open his Bible and read, and take his Bible to the poor slave who cannot read, and read to liim,— Tiie weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of .-trong holds rca>ting down imagi- nations and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and' bringing into captivity ev ary thought to the obedience of Christ. 2 Cor. x. 4, 5. la relation to Africa itself, let us freely assist in pouring missionaries on her shores; btit not such missionaries as the American Colonization Society recommends. Young women, lorn away from liieir country and their friends, that their race niity perish from the scenes of their childhood ;— thousands, or tens of thousands of writhing and untutored minds, who have fled into exile in order to escape from slavery ;— speculators in commerce, o>- hunters of land, to whom commercial or agricultural enterprise is dearer far than immortal souls :— multitudes of needy and ignorant poor, who can have neither leisure nor knowledge to set up for instructors. But missionnries, such as Christian lo-^e else- where supplies,— such as there are in Liberia, — such as there are in Sierra Leone and on the Gambia,— such as there are at home and abroad, but such as are always few; llie jewel.^ amongst mHukind— which can be got wholesale, by thousands and tens of thousands, no where. And in relation to the people at large of the United States, what are they but our t)rethren. —of one race and of one sort with ourselves'? Where is the man in Britain who has not a fa- ther, moth.er, brother, sister, friend, in the Uni- ted Slates? Who but thev are sending out with us the glorious Bible over the whole world'? Who keep pace with us, or go before us, but they, in every effort of (i^hristian love? From whence, like the United Slates, do we hear the soul hunrbling and soul ennobling voice of Re visa's? And do we not owe our Temperance Societies to ihem ? Shall we then foster in the United States a source of ruin, beneath which we ourselves are writhing, and to the deadly guilt of whicii we have awakened? Shall we encourage the United States in stiffening their necks against God and against their unoflbnd- ing brother ? Shall we speak peace to the op- pressor wiide he is impenitent? Or shall we as- sist in outraging the vveakbecause the strong in- vite us courteously to their whitewashed revel ? No. The United States are worthy of better things. By the ties of blood,— by the stronger ties of love, woven for ever around many of our hearts,— by the ties of Christ stronger than all,— we owe better things to the United States. Let us 'remonstrate with them ; let us rebuke them even as brother rebukes tbebrotherwhom' he loves; let us recal them to Jesus, from whose word and whose example, in this respect, they tre so fearfully wandering ; let us set them the example even as t!ie father should set the exam- ple of all righteousness to the child of his heartj and if they wiU still cause the poor negro to per- ish ; if they will still refuse to allow him any alternative but slareri/, persecution, or e.ri'Ze, let ihe applause and llie reward be theirs alone.— We shall have cleared our skirls of their blood, in having done all that we could do U) win them to repentance and to love. Of their blood did I say? And will they die? I cannot believe it. Truth is striding forth in his glory amongst them ; love has softened, and is softening, many of their proudest hearts. The Gospel is pro- claimed in their ears by men like Paul : and from the gray hair and fromthe lisping lip ; from the vigor of maturity and from the freshness of youth ; where tlie sunrise assembly is convened for pntyer, and where the silence of the closet witnesses the communion between His children and their God, a heart-voice is arising from black and white alike that never rises in vain. No: the people of the United States— Davids in the matter of Uriah, though they be, in rela- tion to the black man— the people of the United States cannot perish ; for there are praying souls amongst them, souls that agonize for their peo- ple, with their God. And even now, perhaps, some Nathan is receiving hiscommission to cry, with converting i)0wer, to the slave-master, and to the colonizationist, "Thou art the man !" Finally : Let not the colored man, whether enslavcd'or free, be discouraged. God left Ids own clio.-^en people 400 years in Egypt, (Gen. XV. 13.) while the Egyptians and Amorites were, year by year, filling up the measure of their iniquities and making themselves altogeth- er meet for destruction. The same God is God still, and still the poor and oppressed are as much his care as ever ; and still as much as ev- er Heresistelh the proud, and is the enemy of the oppressor. Bear up, brethren ! God has children and servants both amongst yoursebes and abroad, who enter into all y(nir sympathies, and who are carrying you on their hearts in prayer, to His mercy seat. Take courage!— verdant as the bay-leaf, though be the flourish- ing of the wicked for a season, yet he shall per- ish. He is hcapivfr treasure tog-ether for- the last days. James v. 3. Thus saith the Lord, "I, even I, am He that comforteth you. Who art thou, that thou shouldst be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man who shall be made as grass ; and forgettest the Lord thy Maker, that "hath stretched forth the heavens and laid the foundations of the earth, and fear- est continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to de- stroy. And where is the fury of the oppres- sor f" Isa. li, 12, 13. Be of goood courage, brethren ! Christianity is shaking off its du?t; the rottenness of the 15 •\vhitcd sepulchres is coming out ; the gospel is resuming its healing power ; there is balm in Gilead ; there is a physician there. The mor al sense of the world is awakening ; — Despo tism is quailing — Falsehood is uncovering — Truth is about to triumph — Liberty to i)e re- stored — and Prejudice, that fiend of darkness, tluU bane of the earth, tliat brand oftlie Avhite luan, searing iiini wish infamy ; that bane of the black man, tightening his chains or con demning him to exile — Prejudice shall be abol ished, and over it, as over Babylon, soon shall be written, "Prejudice, the tyrant of the tyrant the waster of the poor — the liar — the coward— tiie mother of abominations, is fallen, is fallen !' And here, in concluding, let us once more advert to the alternative mentioned in page 5, viz. — open butchery, — emancipation and incor poration, — abandonment of the country by the masters, — or draining off the blacks, by trans- porting them to a dislant and barbarous land. And, while we admire and adore the benevo lent design of an all-gracious God, as manifested in South America, by the emancipation and amalgamation of the whole colored race ; let us abhor and reject the object of the American Colonization Society, which would frustrate those benevolent designs, and keep the family of man asunder, by preventing the increase of the colored people, whether enslaved or free, and by getting rid of their finest minds, that those, who remain behjnd, inay always continue a separate and degraded class. ?I3" To Peter IMorse, Roswell Allen, Ebene- 7.er Sanger, Asahcl Bacon, and Andrew T. Jud- son, select men of the town of Canterbury, in the State of Connecticut, We commend a careful perusal of and special at- tention to, the first clause of the second section of the fourth article of the Gonstltution of the United States, which " We the People" liavc ordained and esti lished ; and which the tyranny or cupidity of any hody of men, will liardly he allowed to trample under foot It read.s thus : — " The citizens of each state shall be enthled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States." AFRICAN COLONIZATION. IX AMERICA. " Can any one doubt wheflier preient good re suits, and will result, from the measures of the Colo- nization Society ? Is it not too evident to admit of doubt that the condition of the colonists is improved by their settling in Africa? — To doubt of this is about the same as to doubt wheth- er freedom, with all its at- tendant blessings, is prefer- able to the degraded condi- tion of the free people of co- lor in this country. As soon IN LIBERIA. " Tlie colonists are very ignorant of every thing about the interior : except of the tribes along the coast nothing at all is known, and of them little but their manner of traf- fic. Nothing has been done for the natives, hitherto, by the colonists, except to edu- cate a few who were in their families in the capacity of ser- vants. The natives are, as to wealth and intellectual cultivation, related to the col- onists as the negro in Ameri- ca is to the white man — and as they step foot on the so- ciety's territory, they are re- leased t>om the oppression of CONTEMPT ; realize the importance of the change in their circumstances ; feel the dignity and responsibil- ty of free men ; have the means of education, and of nrquiring property put into their hands ; and while they respect themselves, are re- spected by every body else. It is equally evident that the country to which they emigrate is made better by them. The vicinity of a well-regulated communi- ty must have a salutary in- fluence upon the natives, and has already exerted such an influence to a con- siderable extent." — Chris- tian Advocate. ^- Journal, (N.York, May 10,1833.) this fact, added to their mode of dress, which consists of nothing usually but a hand- kerchief around the loins, leads to the same distinc- TiojT as exists in America between colors. A colonist of any dye (and many there are of a darker hue than the Vey or Dey, or Croo, or Bas- soo,) would, if at all respect- able, think himself degraded by marrying a native. The natives are in fact menials — I mean those in town — and sor- ry am I to be obliged to say, that from my limited observa- tion, it is evident, that as little effort IS made by the colonislx to elevate /hem, as is usucdly made by the higher classes in the United States to better the condition of the lower. Such I suppose will ever be the case, when men are not actu- ated by a pure desire to do good." " It requires no <;reat keen- ness of observa.'ion, to see tho cause why the colony is not more prosperous. But two or throe hitherto have done any thing scaucely tow- ards agriculture. The weal- thy find it easier to trade; the poor suppose it degra- ding." — Letter of Rev. J. B. Pinney, missionary to Africa, (Liberia, Feb. 20, 1S33.) llCP Which is right ? Professor Durhin, who writes three thousand miles from Liberia — or Rev. J. B. Pinney OM tAe ground? At a public meetincj of the people of color at the Wcsleyan Church, Philadelphia, on Thursday eve- ning,8th insf. Joseph Cassey was called tothecliair,and Wm. Wliippey appointed Sec. After an ajipropriate prayer, by Rev. C. Gardner, and the objectsofthe meet- ing stated by the chairman, Mr. David Rugeles ad- dressed the meeting in behalf of "The Emancipator." Mr. F. A. Idintoii addressed the meeting in a verv spirited manner showing the importance of supporting the Press which is open for our defence. Joseph Cassey, Chairman. Wm. Whippey, Sec'y. Idr" A new monthly publication, entitled the ".^Ji- ti Slavery Reporter,'' will be issued at the office of the Emancipator in a few days. The first No. will con- tain Stuart's Prejudice Vincible, &c. Price $30 per 1000, $4 per 100, or 6 cts single. For sale at the principal book stores. ^Ixt ISmaiTctpiTttsr. published and edited by C H A R li E S W. O E N I S O IV . " The Emancipator" will be printed with fair, small type, on a super royal sheet, and published in N. York, every Saturday. Besides original and selected arti- cles on the subject of slavery, religious, literary, mis- cellaneous, and news items, of a valuable character will find place. 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