*rench lerms for American Field Artillerymen .T?4 WV6 Class Book Gopwlghtlvl COPYRIGHT rEPQSZTi SEVEN HUNDRED FRENCH TERMS FOR AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN 700 FRENCH TERMS 7 Q 3 AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN BY EDWARD BLISS REED Formerly Regimental Sergeant Major, ioth F. A., N. G. Ct. Instructor in the Reserve Officers Training Corps, Yale University With a Foreword by Lieutenant Colonel Robert M. Danford 302nd F. A., U Second Edition, Revised and Augmented New Haven Yale University Press London : Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press MDCCCCXVIII /f/8 Copyright, 1917 By Yale University Press First published, October, 1917 Second edition, March, 1918 APR J 1918 ©CI.A4S4744 h PREFACE The object of this little book is to offer Ameri- can soldiers a short and convenient vocabulary of French words most frequently used in Field Artillery. The difficulty in preparing it has been to limit its size. It is hoped that the process of elimination has left only the most essential words. Major Durette has kindly read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. Captain Dupont has read the proof and made important correc- tions. I wish to thank these officers of the French Artillery for their very material assistance. Edward Bliss Reed. Fort Sill, Oklahoma September 14, 1917. FOREWORD Although the Field Artillery of the United States Army, since the advent of the French canon a tir rapide, has closely copied the French service, and has largely derived its inspiration therefrom, it is now about to be far more in- timately associated with the officers, men, and guns that have brought such glory to France. Our field artillerymen of all grades will find, under the instruction of French officers and men, and in the use of French materiel, that a common understanding of the technical terms relating to field artillery tactics and materiel is" indispensable. This small volume by Professor E. B. Reed, in- structor in the Field Artillery Unit of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Yale University, is therefore most timely, and meets a real and serious need. Robert M. Danford Lieutenant Colonel, 302nd Field Artillery. CONTENTS PAGE Materiel General Terms 11 The 75 Millimeter Gun 13 Observing Instruments 24 Signaling 25 Ammunition 26 Firing Data 29 Terms for Designating Aiming Points and Targets 34 Battery Telephone 37 Maps 39 For Rapid Calculations 41 Commands 43 Soldier Dismounted The Gun Squad The Soldier Mounted Maneuvers of Battery The Firing Battery Methods of Fire Organization 53 The Horse 59 Harness 62 SEVEN HUNDRED FRENCH TERMS FOR AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN MATERIEL GENERAL TERMS Bed, hole, recess le logement Bolt le verrou Clamp l'ecrou de pression ; la vis de serrage Crank la manivelle Eye le piton Gear l'engrenage (m) Groove la rainure Handle la poignee Handle, or knob, milled le bouton molete Index (line or point) le trait de repere Key la clavette Lever le levier Lug le tenon Nail le clou Nut l'ecrou Oil hole le trou graisseur Pin la goupille Pin, axis l'axe (m) 12 700 FRENCH TERMS Plunger Rest la masselotte la butee Screw la vis Screw thread le filet de vis To screw ; to unscrew visser ; devisser Spring Washer le ressort la rondelle Wedge Wire la cale le fil de fer Worm la vis sans fin Brass le laiton Bronze le bronze Copper Iron le cuivre le fer Leather le cuir Steel racier (m) Wood le bois THE 75 MILLIMETER (THREE INCH) GUN Le Soixante-Quinze I The piece ; the gun Tube Rifling Bore Chase Muzzle Muzzle cover Front clip Muzzle rollers Jacket Front line sight Gun slides Rear line sight Breech hoop Breech hoop, lug Breech la piece ; le canon le tube les rayures (f) 1'ame (f) la volee la bouche le couvre-bouche la frette de la bouche les galets de la bouche (m) la jaquette le guidon les longerons (m) l'oeilleton (m) le manchon le tenon du manchon la culasse 14 700 FRENCH TERMS Breech cover Breech chamber Breech screw Hinged stop Breech block notch Recoil indices Extractor Extractor branches Extractor heel Extractor spindle Breech block Breech block handle Breech block loading recess Firing pin Hammer Hammer safety lock Hammer safety bolt head le couvre-culasse la chambre la vis-culasse le loquet la gache les traits de repere (an- terieur et posterieur) (m) Textracteur les branches de l'extrac- teur (f) le talon de l'extracteur l'axe de l'extracteur (m) le bloc-culasse la poignee de culasse Techancrure (f) le percuteur le marteau la piece de surte le bouton du bonhomme d'arret 15 Firing spring Firing spring blage pin Rack Breech block lock Breech lock bolt shoulder Lanyard Lanyard cord Lanyard handle le ressort de percussion assem- la tige d'appui la cremaillere le linguet le pene du linguet la laniere le cordon la poignee II Gun carriage Buffer ; recoil mechan- ism (Recoil ; to recoil) (In battery) Roller tracks Recoil piston l'affut (m) le frein (le recul; reculer) (en batterie) les chemins de roulement (m) le piston 16 700 FRENCH TERMS Recoil piston rod Oil gauge Oil pump Coupler Coupler key Coupler key bolt Rocker Trunnion Range mechanism Range disc Range plate Range plate notches Range crank la tige la jauge* la pompe la chape la clavette (de chape) le verrou de clavette le berceau le tourillon la hausse le tambour gradue le plateau les encoches (f) la manivelle de la hausse III Sight l'appareil de pointage (m) Sight case le sac aux armaments Sight extension shaft la rallonge Sight hood la visiere Sight index le trait de repere MATERIEL 17 Sight shank Sight socket Eye -sight Cross-wires Plate, (azimuth scale) (Deflection) (A mil) Drum, (micrometer scale for deflection) le colonne de l'appareil de pointage la douille du support de l'appareil de pointage le collimateur les lignes de foi (m) le plateau (divided into four quadrants of 1,600 mils each, with eight divisions of 200 mils on each quad- rant ) (la derive) (un millieme) le tambour (It has 200 divisions, each a mil. To lay off on the sight 1,525 mils, the com- mand is : Plateau qua- torze, tambour cent vingt-cinq.) 18 700 FRENCH TERMS Level Level vial Level vial bubble Level latch Site micrometer Site micrometer screw Site support cover Elevating wheel Toothed elevating arc Traversing wheel le niveau la hole la bulle la queue du chien le disque gradue du niveau la vise de commande le couvre-support le volant de pointage en hauteur le secteur dente le volant de pointage en direction Trail Trail flasks Trail float Trail handles IV la fleche les flasques (f) la crosse les poignees de la fleche (0 MATERIEL Trail knee guard le pare-genou Trail lunette la lunette Trail spade la beche de crosse Brake le frein des roues Brake beam le traverse du frein Brake beam carrier le levier d'accrochage Brake beam carrier pin la chevillette Brake rod le tirant Brake shoes les patins (m) (Setting gun on brake (l'abattage) shoes; anchoring) Equalizing bar le levier pivotant Pawl lever le levier du crochet coulisseau Seat le siege Shield le bouclier Shield port la fenetre Apron le bouclier articule Rammer le refouloir Sponge (on staff) l'ecouvillon (m) 19 du 20 700 FRENCH TERMS Axle Axle transom Wheel Wheel hub Wheel felloe Wheel spoke Wheel tire Caisson Caisson ammunition chest Caisson door Caisson espagnolette rod Caisson padlock Caisson padlock key Caisson rests Caisson trail locking bolt l'essieu (m) l'entretoise (f) la roue le moyeu la jante le rais le bandage V le caisson le corTre le couvercle du coffre l'espagnolette (f) le cadenas la clef de cadenas les butees de renverse- ment (f) l'axe d'accrochage (m) MATERIEL 21 Caisson trail locking lever Fuze setter Fuze setter corrector Fuze setter corrector clamp Fuze setter cup Fuze setter lid Fuze setter lock Fuze punch Fuze punch carrier Fuze punch lever Fuze range scale Fuze range crank (To lower the fuze setter) (To put back -the fuze setter) (To punch the fuze) le levier de l'axe d'ac- crochage le debouchoir le correcteur l'oreille de serrage la boite d'ogive le couvercle le fermoir la lame le porte-lame le levier de maneuvre le cadran de distances la manivelle du cadran (abattre le debouchoir) (relever le debouchoir) (deboucher) 22 700 FRENCH TERMS VI Limber (To limber ; unlimber) Limber axle step Limber chest handles Limber kit holder Limber luggage frame Limber pintle Limber pintle latch Limber (caisson) pole Limber (caisson) pole chain Limber (caisson) pole head Limber (caisson) pole key Limber (caisson) pole pin l'avant-train (m) reunir les trains ; separer les trains le marche-pied les poignees de coffre la case d'armons la galerie porte-sacs le crochet cheville- ouvriere le cheville-ouvriere le timon les chaines de bout du timon (f) le bout de timon la clavette la chevillete clef de timon MATERIEL 23 Limber (caisson) pole la servante prop Limber (caisson) pole le tetard du timon socket Limber (caisson) pole la volee splinter bar Limber (caisson) pole les branches de support yoke-branches ( f ) OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS la lunette de batterie la lunette a ciseaux le trepied les ecrous de pression le plateau le bouchon d'oeil le micrometre B. C. Telescope Scissors Tripod Tripod clamps Azimuth scale Eye piece Graduated scale in eye piece Range finder Angle of site measure le telemetre le sitogoniometre ; le sitometre (This pocket instrument also serves to measure large deflections.) Compass Field glasses Case for, Strap for, Jacob's staff for Field of sight Focussing la boussole les jumelles (f) l'etui (m) la courroie le support de jumelles le champ la mise an point OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS 25 B. C. ruler la reglette de direction B. C. ruler cord le cordonnet SIGNALING Illumination l'eclairage Lantern la lanterne Rocket ; flair la fusee eclairante Searchlight; flashlight le projecteur Semaphore flag le fanion Handle of la hampe Signaling . la signalisation Arm la signalisation a bras By rocket la signalisation par arti- fice By strips of cloth la signalisation par pan- neaux Visual la signalisation optique AMMUNITION Expenditure of am- munition Replenishment of am- munition To replenish ammuni- tion Ammunition shelter Cartridge Cartridge case Cartridge, base of Cartridge, rim of (caught by the ex- tractor) Cartridge cap Cartridge primer Charge Fuze Fuze, base Fuze, combination (time and percussion LES MUNITIONS la consommation de mu- nitions le ravitaillement en mu- nitions ravitailler l'abri a munitions (m) la cartouche la douille le culot le bourrelet l'amorce (f) le tube porte-amorce la charge la fusee la fusee de culot la fusee a double effet AMMUNITION 27 Fuze, delayed action Fuze, without delayed action Fuze, instantaneous Fuze, instantaneous elongated To screw fuze on shell Projectile Shell Shrapnel Shell or shrapnel case Copper rotating band Disc screwed on nose of projectile to in- crease angle of fall Shell, asphyxiating Shell, gas Shell, incendiary Shell, percussion la fusee A.R. (avec re- tard) la fusee S.R. (sans, re- tard) la fusee I. (instantanee) la fusee LA. (instan- tanee allongee) amorcer l'obus l'obus (m) l'obus explosif l'obus a balles ; le shrap- nel le corps d'obus (m) le ceinture la plaquette l'obus asphyxiant l'obus special (m) l'obus incendiaire l'obus percutant 28 700 FRENCH TERMS SheI1 > star l'obus eclairant Shell, -tear" i' obus i acrymog * ne A misfire un rat6 FIRING DATA Aiming point le point de pointage Aiming point in rear le point de pointage en arriere Aiming point in front le point de pointage en avant Aiming point on the le point de pointage sur flank le cote Aiming point to the le point de pointage vers right la droite Aiming point to the le point de pointage vers left la gauche Auxiliary aiming point le point de reperage To register ; to set off reperer la piece deflection of auxil- iary aiming point Stick or pole put in le jalon ground for auxiliary aiming point Reference point by le point de repere which to designate objects 30 700 FRENCH TERMS Angular distance be- tween two points Angle of departure Angle of elevation Angle of fall Angle of opening Angle of site Bracket Bracketing salvo Mixed salvo Burst Burst center Burst center, height of Burst interval Burst, height of Graze Low l'ecart angulaire (m) I'angle de projection (m) Tangle de tir (m) Tangle de chute (m) Tangle d'ouverture de la gerbe (m) I'angle de site (m) la fourchette une salve encadrante une salve mixte Teclatement (m) le point moyen d'eelate- ment la hauteur moyenne d'eclatement Tintervalle d'eclatement (m) la hauteur d'eclatement coup percutant bas FIRING DATA 31 Normal High Very high Doubtful Short Target Over Lost Burst range Cone of dispersion Crest Not to clear a crest To clear a crest Minimum range to clear crest Deflection difference Directing piece a bonne hauteur (trois milliemes) haut (trois a six mil- liemes) tres haut (superieur a six milliemes) douteux court au but long non vu la distance d'eclatement la gerbe la crete ecreter le masque ne pas ecreter la hausse minima l'echelonnement ( m ) la piece directrice 32 700 FRENCH TERMS Drift Effective depth Jump Maximum ordinate Muzzle velocity Parallax Pattern of shrapnel Point of impact Probable error Range Range (in giving com- mands) e.g., Range 3,500 Range table Registration point or mark Remaining velocity Sheaf la derivation la profondeur de la zone battue Tangle de relevement (m) la fleche la vitesse initiale la parallaxe la trace des balles le point de chute l'ecart probable (m) la portee la hausse ; trois mille cinq cents la table de tir le but auxiliaire ; le but temoin la vitesse restante le faisceau FIRING DATA 33 Shot or round ; noise of shot Smoke ; smoke ball Slope, counter Slope, front Target Target, moving Smoke hides the target Smoke sihouettes the target Trajectory Time of flight Walk through le coup ; le coup de depart la f umee ; le globe de fumee la contre-pente la pente ou le glacis le but; l'objectif (m) le but mobile la fumee cache le but le but se detache sur la fumee la trajectoire la duree du trajet le tir par rafales eche- lonnees TERMS FREQUENTLY USED IN DESIG- NATING AIMING POINTS AND TARGETS Barracks la caserne (infant.) ; le quartier (cav. and art.) Bivouac le bivouac Bridge le pont Bridge, foot le ponceau ; la passerelle Bush le buisson Cantonment le cantonnement Cellar la cave Chimney la cheminee Church l'eglise (f) Earthworks les terrassements (m) Hedge la haie Hill la colline House la ma i son Loophole le creneau Machine gun la mitrailleuse Mill le moulin Path le sentier ; la piste TERMS DESIGNATING TARGETS 35 Parapet Railroad Railroad, narrow gauge Railroad, station Railroad, switching sta- tion Pole, telegraph Reenforcing troops Road Shelter Sign post Steeple Tower Transports on road Tree ; a lone tree Trees, clump of Trench Trench, first line Trench, steps to get over top e parapet a voie ferree a voie etroite a gare e poste d'aiguillage e poteau es renforts (m) a route abri (m) e poteau indicateur e clocher a tour a colonne de voitures 'arbre ; un arbre isole un bouquet d'arbres a tranchee a tranchee de premiere ligne les gradins de fran- chissement (m) 36 700 FRENCH TERMS Trench mat le caillebotis Trench, for circulation, le boyau joining different lines Water tank Water works Wire entanglement Wood Wood, edge of le reservoir le chateau d'eau le reseau de fils de fer (m) le bois la lisiere BATTERY TELEPHONE Battery of telephone Buzzer Circuit, short Connection is broken Coil, induction Connect with a wire ; tap a wire Contact Current Current, to switch on Ground rod To ground a wire Key Plug Post, pole Receiver Reel LE TELEPHONE la pile le telephone a appel vibre le court circuit (m) la communication est rompue la bobine d'induction faire un branchement le contact le courant mettre le contact la fiche de terre mettre a la terre le manipulateur la fiche le poteau le recepteur la derouleuse 38 700 FRENCH TERMS Station la station Station, transmitting le poste de depart Station, receiving le poste recepteur Transmitter le transmetteur Wire, telephone le fil telephonique Telephone line la ligne a break in une rupture ; une cou- pure to locate trouver la rupture (ou la coupure) to repair reparer la rupture (ou la coupure) to splice a faire une epissure to test a verifier Dash le trait Dot le point Wireless la telegraphie sans fil Map Map, battle Map, road (printed) Map, road (sketched) A survey Map, scale squares on contour lines shading lines conventional signs on Plane table with com- pass Ruler Alidade Protractor Panoramic sketch Sector Plotting board MAPS le plan ; la carte le plan directeur la carte routiere le lever d'itineraire le lever topographique l'echelle (f) les carres (m) les courbes de niveau (0 les hachures (f) les signes conventionnels (m) la planchette avec decli- nature la regie l'alidade (f) le rapporteur le croquis panoramique le secteur la planchette de tir 40 700 FRENCH TERMS Pencil le crayon Eraser la gomme Penknife le canif Sheet of paper la feuille de papier FOR RAPID CALCULATIONS 1. To change millimeters to inches: Multiply by .04. Example, 75 millimeters = 3 in. (75 X -04). 2. To change inches to millimeters : Multiply by 25. Example, 3 in. = 75 millimeters (3 X 25). 3. To change centimeters to inches : Multiply by .4. Example, 10 centimeters = 4 in. (10 X -4). 4. To change inches to centimeters : Multiply by 2.5. Example, 4 in. = 10 centimeters (4X2.5). 5. To change meters to yards: Multiply by 1.1. Example, 1,000 meters =1,100 yards (1,000 X i.i). 6. To change yards to meters : Multiply by .9. Example, 1,100 yards = 990 meters (approx- imately) (1,100 X-9). 42 700 FRENCH TERMS 7. To change kilometer to miles : Multiply by %. Example, 8 kilometers =5 miles (8X S A)- 8. To change miles to kilometers: Multiply by %. Example, 5 miles = 8 kilometers (5 X %)■ COMMANDS THE SOLDIER DIS- MOUNTED Fall in; fall out Attention As you were Right (left) dress Count off Rest Right face ; left face Forward march Quick time, march Double time, march Backzvard, march Halt Mark time, march COMMANDE- MENTS LE CANONNIER A PIED Rassemblement; rompes vos rangs Garde a vous Au temps A droite (gauche) ALIGNEMENT Numerote.z-vous Repos A droite, droite ; a gauche, gauche En avant, marche Pas cadence, marche Pas gymnastique, MARCHE En arriere, marche Halte Marquee le pas, marche 44 700 FRENCH TERMS Change step, march Changes le pas, marche Right turn; left turn A droite, marche; a gauche, marche To the rear, march Demi-tour a droite, MARCHE Right (left) oblique, Oblique a droite march (gauche) marche (To resume original En avant, marche direction) RigJit by squads, En avant par quatre, MARCH MARCHE Left by squads, march Par la gauche, par quatre, marche Squads right (left) A droite (gauche) par march quatre, droite (^gaucheJ Left front into line, En bataille, marche march On right (left) into En bataille face a gauche line, march (droite) gauche (droite) COMMANDS 45 Rout order, march Pas de route, marche THE GUN SQUAD ECOLE DE LA PIECE In front of your cais- rassemblement sons (pieces), fall in Cannoneers posts a vos postes Cannoneers mount Canonniers montez (dismount) (descendez) prepare for action dispositions de combat march order dispositions de route action right (left) Face a droite (gauche) EN BATTERIE action front (rear) Face en avant (en ar- ■ Here) en batterie limber front and Face en avant (en ar- rear riere) Amenez Vavant-train marche 46 700 FRENCH TERMS THE SOLDIER MOUNTED ECOLE DU CANON NIER A CHEVAL LEAD OUT MOUNT DISMOUNT In right (left hand) TAKE REINS DROP REINS; RETAKE REINS Forward march Backward march HALT Trot MARCH Gallop MARCH Walk MARCH By the right (left) flank march Right by squads, MARCH SORTEZ VOS CHEVAUX A CHEVAL pied a terre prenez vos renes dans la main droite (gauche) abandonnez vos renes/ garde a vous MARCHEZ RECULEZ ARRETEZ MARCHEZ AU TROT MARCHEZ AU GALOP MARCHEZ AU PAS TOURNEZ A DROITE (A GAUCHE) Par quatre marche COMMANDS 47 Right (left) into line Face a droit e (a gauche) march en bataille marche MANEUVERS OF THE ECOLE DU CANONNIER BATTERY CONDUCTEUR Drivers hitch (un- attelez (detelez) hitch) Section column colonne par pieces (f) Double section column colonne par pieces doublees Right (left) oblique Oblique a droite march (gauche) marche Column right (left) Tournez a droite march (gauche) marche Double section right Par pieces doublees (Par (left) oblique march la gauche par piece doublce) marche 48 700 FRENCH TERMS >En bataille marc he Right (left) front into line march To the right, right (left) into line MARCH (To form column from Par pieces marche line) Right by sec- tions MARCH Left by sections march Par la gauche, par pieces MARCHE Counter march march Contremarche marche THE FIRING BATTERY ECOLE DE BATTERIE AIMING POINT, THAT POINT DE POINTAGE, CHURCH l'eGLISE DEFLECTION 1530; ON POUR LA PREMIERE PIECE, THE FIRST PIECE PLATEAU QUATORZE OPEN TEN TAMBOUR CENT TRENTE, ECHELONNEZ DE DIX COMMANDS 49 DEFLECTION 1530; ON POUR LA PREMIERE PIECE, THE FIRST CLOSE TEN PIECE site 305 ; 295 PLATEAU QUATORZE TAMBOUR CENT TRENTE, DIMINUEZ l'echelonnement DE DIX angle de site plus cinq; moins cinq corrector 25 (up five; correcteur vingt cinq down ten) (trente; vingt) battery right (left) par la droite (gauche) par batterie second piece at my deuxieme piece a mon COMMAND 3,500 FIRE . (On the way!) RIGHT (LEFT) TEN COMMANDEMENT TROIS MILLE CINQ CENTS FEU (Parti!) DIMINUEZ (AUGMENTEZ) DE DIX 50 700 FRENCH TERMS on the first piece open (close) five cease firing close station mark deflection basis deflection register; set off de- flection OF auxili- ary AIMING POINT MAKE FAST BRAKES UP SWEEPING FIRE FIRE AT WILL AUGMENTEZ (DIMINUEZ) l'echelonnement DE CINQ HALTE AU FEU CESSEZ LE FEU INSCRIVEZ LA DERIVE EN SURVEILLANCE REPEREZ ABATTEZ SANS ABATTRE FAUCHEZ FEU A VOLONTE METHODS OF FIRE To adjust the fire Fire for adjustment Fire, barrage LES GENRES DE TIR Regler le tir le tir de reglage le tir de barrage COMMANDS 51 Fire, concentrated Fire for demolition Fire for effect 1. On a certain area 2. Fire of precision 3. By change of tar- get 4. Fire at a single range Fire, enfilading Fire, harassing Fire, neutralization Fire, plunging Fire, reprisal Fire, searching Fire, steady Fire, sweeping Fire, for verification Speed of fire Salvo le tir de concentration le tir de demolition le tir d'efficacite le tir sur zone le tir de precision le transport de tir le tir sur hausse unique le tir d'enfilade le tir de harcelement le tir de neutralisation le tir plongeant le tir de represailles le tir en profondeur un tir nourri le tir avec fauchage le tir de controle la vitesse de tir Une salve 52 700 FRENCH TERMS Volley (Battery one Une rafale round ) Data book- To conceal a battery The position of a bat- tery Observing station Observation post To "fake" (by painted scenery, etc.) The act or process of "faking" le carnet de tir denier une batterie l'emplacement d'une bat- terie (m) ; la position de batterie l'observatoire le poste d'observation camoufler le camouflage ORGANIZATION Field Artillery Battery Battalion (artillery) Regiment Brigade Artilleryman To enlist ; enlisted man A recruit Drill ; to be drilled ; to drill Private ; private first class Barber Bugler Cannoneer PERSONNEL l'artillerie de campagne (f) la batterie le groupe le regiment la brigade l'artilleur (m) s'engager ; un engage 1 volontaire la recrue l'exercice (m) ; faire l'exercice ; faire faire l'exercice a le simple soldat ; soldat de premiere classe le perruquier le trompette le servant ; le canonnier ("servants" have to do with the guns only) 54 700 FRENCH TERMS Cook Driver Horse-holder Orderly Range finder Saddler Scout Telephone operator File leader Blank file Squad Squad, gun Gunner No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Nos. 4 and 5 Section (gun and cais- son) Section, chief of (The French battery le cuisinier le conducteur le garde-chevaux l'ordonnance (m) le telemetriste le bourrelier l'eclaireur le telephoniste le chef de file la file creuse l'escouade (f) le peloton de piece le pointeur le tireur le chargeur le deboucheur les pourvoyeurs la piece le chef de piece , as the American, has ORGANIZATION 55 nine sections (pieces). First four, gun and caisson; fifth, two caissons; sixth and seventh, three caissons ; eighth, store wagons, tools, forge ; ninth, supplies, food, baggage.) Platoon (two guns, la section two caissons) Platoon, chief of N.C.O. Corporal Corporal, mess Sergeant Sergeant, chief me- chanic Sergeant, supply Sergeant, first * Aspirant (one who may be appointed second lieutenant) * Adjutant le chef de section le grade le brigadier le brigadier d'ordinaire le marechal-des-logis le marechal-des-logis mecanicien le marechal-des-logis fourrier le marechal-des-logis chef l'aspirant l'a-djudant 56 700 FRENCH TERMS First lieutenant ; second le lieutenant ; le sous- lieutenant Captain le capitaine LE REGIMENT Major le commandant, le chef d'escadron Colonel ; Lieutenant le colonel ; lieutenant- Colonel colonel Major General ; Brig- le general de division ; adier General general de brigade General le general MARKS OF RANK DISTINCTIONS DE GRADE (Short bands or stripes worn on sleeves of each forearm and. cords on the kepi.) Corporal, two woolen deux galons en laine stripes Sergeant, one broad un large galon dore stripe, gold ORGANIZATION 57 Sergeant, supply, the le meme sur le bras et same on arm and l'avant-bras forearm Aspirant, gold stripe galon dore avec filet de with silk thread soie rouge Adjutant, silver stripe galon argente avec filet with red silk thread de soie rouge Lieutenant; second deux galons d'or; un lieutenant; two gold galon d'or stripes ; one gold stripe Captain, three gold trois galons d'or stripes Major, four gold quatre galons d'or stripes Lieutenant Colonel, cinq galons aont deux en three gold, two silver argent Colonel, five gold cinq galons d'or stripes 58 700 FRENCH TERMS Major General ; Brig- trois etoiles d'argent ; adier General; three deux etoiles d'argent silver stars ; two sil- ver stars On the French uniform, chevrons on the left arm indicate years of service in the present war ; one for the first year and one for each six months thereafter. Chevrons on right arm indicate num- ber of wounds received. Branch of service indicated by colour on collar and narrow stripe on breeches or trousers. Artillery, red Artillerie, rouge Aviation, orange Aviation, orange Cavalry, green Cavalerie, vert Engineers, black Genie, noir Infantry, yellow Infanterie, jaune THE HORSE LE CHEVAL The back The belly The coat The eyes The frog The haunches The hoof The knee The leg The mane The mouth The neck The pastern The nostrils The tail The tush The throat The withers le dos le ventre la robe les yeux la fourchette la croupe le sabot le genou le membre la criniere la bouche l'encolure (f) le paturon les naseaux (m) la queue le crochet la gorge le garrot (m) The off horse le sous-verge 60 700 FRENCH TERMS The near horse The lead pair The swing pair The wheel pair le porteur l'attelage de devant (m) l'attelage du milieu l'attelage de derriere To bridle, unbridle To back a horse To feed a horse To gallop a horse To gather a horse To groom a horse To groom with curry comb A curry comb To harness ; unharness To hitch up ; to unhitch To hold a horse To jump a horse To have a good seat brider ; debrider un cheval faire reculer un cheval donner a manger a un cheval galoper un cheval rassembler un cheval panser un cheval etriller un cheval l'etrille (f) harnacher ; deharnacher atteler ; deteler tenir un cheval faire sauter un cheval avoir de l'assiette THE HORSE 61 To put on the snaffle To ride a horse To saddle; unsaddle To spur (use your spurs) To tie to a line or post Picket line To trot a horse To train a horse To water a horse To whip a horse bridonner tin cheval monter un cheval seller ; desseller servez-vous de vos eperons attacher un cheval la corde a chevaux trotter un cheval dresser un cheval abreuver un cheval se servir du fouet HARNESS Bit, curb Bit, snaffle Bit mouth-piece Bit ring Blanket ; saddle cloth Body strap Breeching Bridle Bridle, crown piece of Brow band Brow band ornament Buckle Buckle tongue Cheek straps Collar Curb chain Halter Hitching collar LE HARNACHE- MENT le mors de bride le mors de filet l'embouchure (f) 1'anneau du mors (m) la couverture le bras du bas d'avaloire l'avaloire (f) la bride le dessus de tete le frontal le fleuron la boucle l'ardillon (m) les montants (m) le collier la gourmette le licol (d'ecurie) le collier d'attache HARNESS 63 Horse shoe Horse shoe nail Horse shoer; to shoe a horse Nose bag Reins Saddle Saddle of off horse; pad Saddle bags cantle pommel girth ; cincha to tighten girth skirts Spur Stirrup Stirrup eye Stirrup strap Stirrups, to lower ; to raise le fer a cheval le clou a ferrer le marechal-ferrant; ferrer un cheval la musette-mangeoire les renes (f) la selle la sellette les sacoches (f) le troussequin le pommeau la sangle ressangler les quartiers l'eperon (m) l'etrier (m) l'oeil de l'etrier (m) l'etriviere (f) allonger ; raccourcir les etriers 64 700 FRENCH TERMS Stirrups, to put foot in ; chausser ; dechausser out of les etriers Stirrups, to throw over relever les etriers sur saddle l'encolure Strap la courroie Strap, end of, with le contre-sanglon buckle hole Strap, keeper on, with le passant buckle Throat latch la sous-gorge To buckle ; unbuckle boucler ; deboucler Traces les traits (m) Traces, to lengthen ; allonger ; raccourcir les shorten traits Whip le fouet Riding crop la cravache Bedding la litiere Bucket le seau Hay le foin Manger la mangeoire 65 Manure Oats Pitch fork Rack, hay Stable Stall To pasture Watering trough le crottin Tavoine (f) la.fourche le ratelier l'ecurie (f) la stalle mettre au vert l'abreuvoir (m) ADDITION Atmospheric pressure Temperature Velocity of the wind Correction of the error of the day Gas mask Asphyxiating gas Howitzer Runner Aeroplane VL TERMS la pression atmospheri- que le temperature la vitesse du vent la correction du moment la cagoule le gaz asphyxiant l'obusier (m) ; le canon court le coureur l'avion (m) ADDITIONAL TERMS ADDITIONAL TERMS ADDITIONAL TERMS ADDITIONAL TERMS ADDITIONAL TERMS ADDITIONAL TERMS LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 011 393 965 5