■V ^o -^ .^■ '4- :Sn^ ^ly S.B.SaZl. iroTn-eie. originjillFajJilmg ^y Stuwt. THE r^^: LD ML AG ,^^-V STILL WAVES" ' Forever float that Standard sheet. NEW YORK: E. B. TREAT & COMPANY, No. 654 Broadway. THE NATIONAL ^ ^^ POLITICAL MANUAL COMPKISING FACTS AI^D FIGUEES, HISTOEIOAL, DOOUMEIfTAKY, STATISTICAL, POLITICAL, FROM THE FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME. WITH A FULL OHROUOLOGY OF THE EEBELLION. i FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER SOURCES,' By E. B. TKEAT. u ILLUSTRATED. NEW YORK: E. B. TREAT, 805 BEOADWAY. H. C. WRIGHT, ST. LOUIS, MO. ; IRA S. SMITH, CHICAGO, ILL. ; RANDALL & FISH, DETROIT, MICH. ; A. L. BANCROFT & CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 1872. f-_^/'^. -'^ Ealcred, accordinpf to Act of Congresa, in the year 1872, by E. B. TREAT, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. POOLE & MACLAUCHLAN, PRINTEES, 205 to 213 Kast 12th St PKEFACE This book appeals to the patriotic sentiments of all classes of readers. In its pages will be found those words of burning eloquence which lighted the fires of the American Eevolution, stirring the hearts of our fathers to do battle for our independence; the words of wisdom which brought our ship of state safely through the storms of strife into the calms of peace, and all of the most important speeches and proclamations of our statesmen which guided our country during critical periods of our political life. It is a book of our country as a whole ; all must read it with emotions of gratitude and pride at the grandeur and stability of our institutions as exempli- fied by the eloquent words of the statesmen and leading spirits of the great Republic. First in its pages, appropriately, will be found the " Declaration of Independence," the great corner VI PEEFACE. Btone of American liberty ; and as a fitting close, one of our most distinguished historians has fur- nished a " History of the Flag,"— the Flag of the Union, the sacred emblem around which are clus- tered the memories of the thousands of heroes who have struggled to sustain it untarnished against both foreign and domestic foes. To the Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and Washington's Farewell Address — truly " Key Notes to American Liberty " — have been added many important proclamations and congressional acts of a later day, namely : President Jackson's famous ITullification Proclamation to South Caro- lina, The Monroe Doctrine, Dred Scott Decision, ISTeutrality laws, with numerous documents, state papers and statistical matter growing out of the late Bebellion ; all of which will be read with new and ever increasing interest. And as long as our Republic endures, these pages will be cherished as the representative of all that is great and good in our country ; and will prove incentives to our chil- dren to follow in the footsteps of the patriots by whose genius and valor our institutions have been cherished and preserved, and liberty, like water made to run throughout the land free to all. CONTENTS. »-«-• . PAGE Declaration op Independence 9 Constitution of the United States 18 Amendments to the Constitution 89 Constitutional Amendment Abolishing Slavery 44 Amendment concerning Reconstruction, Rights of Citizens, &c 48 The Ordnance op 1787 51 The Fugitive Slave Bill op 1793 53 Tub Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850 , 55 The Missouri Compromise 67 Constitutional Amendment — No Distinction in Color 68 Battles of the Revolution 69 Inaugural Address op George Washington 70 Washington's Farewell Address 77 President Jackson's Proclamation to South Carolina 105 Monroe Doctrine 144 Dred Scott Decision 146 Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States, with the Popular Vote for Each 154 Popular Names of States 166 Statement op the Public Debt of the United States, for Thirteen Years, ending June 1st, 1872. 167 Neutrality Law op the United States 168 Population of the United States at each Decade for Half a Century 176 Population of our Largest Cities (New Census) 177 Slave Population in the United States in I860.. 178 Statistics of Slavery before the Revolution 178 Speech of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, — His Last Words FOR THE Union 179 President Lincoln's First Call for Troops 186 Total Number op Troops called into Service during the Rebellion 188 Vlll CX)NTENTS. PAGE Resolutions op the N. Y. Chambeb op Commerce. ... 189 Blockade Proclamation, by President Lincoln 194 Emancipation Proclamation 197 Confiscation Act 201 First Inaugural Address op President Lincoln 204 Balance Sheet of the Government, before and since the War, 1859 and 1865 221 President Lincoln's Second and Last Inaugural Address. 222 President Lincoln's Proclamation op Amnesty 22G President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation 232 President Johnson's Peace Proclamation 237 The Civil Rights Bill 239 Freedmen's Bureau Bill 248 Provost Marshal-General's Report op the Killed AND Wounded during the Rebellion 261 The United States Army, showing the number op men furnished prom each State during the Rebellion 265 History op the Flag 266 Important Events op the Rebellion 274 Chronological Table op the Battles ajstd Skir- mishes OP THE War, — SHOWING the Commanding Officers and Loss on each side 280 List of Vessels Captured and Destroyed for Vio- lation OP the Blockade or in Battle 319 Union Vessels Captured or Destroyed by the dif- ferent Confederate Privateers 352 The Various Reconstruction Measures op Congress. 361 Tenure op Office Bill 381 President Johnson's Veto 386 The Bankruptcy Act 398 Statistics op the States and Territories 403 The Popular Electoral Vote op 1860 ai^d 1864, 1868 . 406 lATIONAL HAND-BOOK DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. In Congeess, July 4, 1776. By the Bepresentatives of the United States, in Congress assembled. A DECLARATION. "When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate imd equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 1# 10 NATIONAL BAND-BOOK. We hold these truths to be self-evident : — tliat all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- lished should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to ; reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- onies; and such is now the necessity which con strains them to alter their former system of govern- DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 11 ment. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- tions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- some and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- modation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of ^ fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the right of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such disso- lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 12 NATIONAL -HAND-BOOK. returned to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remainingj iu the mean time, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without and convul- sions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the .administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military indepen- dent of and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation, — DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 13 For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun- ishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English law in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our government : For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- ing themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 14 NATIONAL .HAND-BOOK. burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends ai]d brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. ]^or have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We DECLAKATION OF INDEPEITOENCE. 15 have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin- dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must therefore acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- kind, enemies in war — in peace, friends. We, therefore, tlie representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of riglit do. And for the support of this declaration, with a 16 NATIONAB HAiTD-BOOK. firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. JOHN HA:N^C0CK, President Attested, Chaeles Thompson, Secretary, NEW HAMPSHIEE. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. Siimiiel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Eldridge Gerry. EHODE ISLAND, ETC. Stephen Hopkins, William EUery. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William WiUiams, Oliver Wolcott. NEW TOEK. William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. NEW JEESEY. Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. DELAWAEE. Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas M'Kean. MAEYLAND. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 17 NOETH OAEOLINA. William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn. SOUTH OAllOLINA. Edward Rutledge, Thomas Hey ward, jr., Thomas Lynch, jr., Arthur Middleton. GEOEGIA. Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton. 18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. "We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. AETICLE I. § I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- tives. § II. — 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States ; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State leirislature. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 19 2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be chosen. 3. Eepresentatives and direct taxes shall be appor- tioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according- to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- ing those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Con- gress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three ; MassaoImseUs^ eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations^ one ; Connecticut^ ^y^ ; New YorJx\ six ; Neio Jersey, four ; Pennsylvania, eight ; Dela- ware, one ; Maryland, six ; Virginia, ten ; North Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five ; Georgia, three. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation 20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of any State, tlie executive autliority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 6. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. § III. — 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof^ for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. ISTo person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 21 4. The Yice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless thej be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tempore in the absence of the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments, "When sitting for that purpose, thej shall be on oSth or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and dis- qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punish- ment, according to law. § lY. — 1. The times, places, and manner of hold- ing elections for Senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 22 NATIONxVL 4IAND-E00K. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law aj)- point a different day. § Y. — 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec- tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members ; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- ings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- bers of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. ITeither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. § YI. — 1. The senators and representatives shall CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 23 receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- leged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. 'No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. § yil. — 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before i«t becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall !24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. enter the objections at large on tlieir joui-nal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house ; and if approved bj two-thirds of, that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays ; and the name of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- days excepted) after it shall have been presented to liim, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representa- tives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap- proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a biU. § YIII. — The Congress shall have power — CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 25 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com- mon defence and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States : 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States : 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes : L To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States : 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures : 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- ing the securities and current coin of the United States : 7. To establish post offices and post roads : 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ- ings and discoveries : 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supremo Court : 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies 2 26 NATION^ HAND-BOOK. committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations : 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water : 12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro- priation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : 13. To provide and maintain a navy : 14:. To make rules for the government and reg- ulation of the land and naval forces : 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci- phning the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline pre- scribed by Congress : 17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 27 tlie legislature of the State in whicli tlie same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful building : And, 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti- tution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. § IX. — 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con- gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re- bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. ]^o bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed, 4. J^o capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken, 5. In'o tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- ported from any States. 'No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor 28 NATIONAL JIAND-BOOK. shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, cr pay duties in anotlier. G. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub- lished from time to time. 7. Xo title of nobility shall be granted by tlie Cnited States ; and no person holding any ofhce of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. § X. — 1. JSTo state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anj^ thing but gold and silver coin a tender in paynjent of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. 2. 'No State shall, without the consent of Con- gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on im- ports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 29 subject to tlie revision and control of the Congress. "No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State or with a foreign power, oi engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. AKTICLE n. § I. — 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec- tors, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an ofHce of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throuirhout the United States. 30 NATIONAL ■hand-book. 5. ITo person except a^atural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- charge the powers and duties of said office, the same shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con- gress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the President and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accord- ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 1. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation : — "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 31 United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of tlie United States." § II. — 1. The President shall be commander-in- chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States : he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offi3nces against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up all 32 NATIONAL* HAND-BOOK. vacancies tliat may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of the next session. § III. — He shall, from time to time, give to the Coiiiiress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures a3 he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith- fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. §IY.— The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde- meanors. ARTICLE in. § I. — The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices COS^STITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 dui'ing good beliavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminislied durino; their continuance in office. § II. — 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu- tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authorit}^ ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies be- tween two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State ; between citizens of differ- ent States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different State?, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men- tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex- ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im- peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall bo 2* 34: NATIONAI^ HAND-BOOK. held in the State where such crimes shall have 'been committed; but when not committed within an^' State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. §111.— 1. Treason against the United Stat(.<^ shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- fort ISTo person shall be convicted of treason, unless on tlie testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confessions in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason ; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. § I. — Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- ceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. § II. — 1. The citizens of each State shall be en titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 felony, or other crime, wlio sliall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. § III. — 1. I^ew States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall shall be formed or expected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislature of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. § ly. — The United States shall guaranty to every State of this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, 36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. on application of tlie legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. AETICLE V. The Cono^ress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratihed by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend- ment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, with- out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal sufii-age in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the confederation. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. oi 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 3. The senators and representatives before men- tioned, and the members of the several State legisla- tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE YII. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- stitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of tlie States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEOKGE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia, 38 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. NEW HAMPSEIIEE. Johii Langclon, Nicholas Giiman. MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus KiDg. CONNECTICUT. Wm. Samuel Johnson, Eoger Sherman. NEW TOEK. Alexander Hamilton. NEW JEKSET. "William Livingston, David Br earl ey, William Patterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. DELAWAEE. George Read, Gunning Bedford, jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. MAEYLAND. James McHenry, Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. VIEGINIA. John Blair, James Madison, jr. NOETH CAEOLINA. William Blount, Rich. Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. SOUTH CAEOLINA. John Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest, William Jackson, Secretary. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. Art. I, — Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or tlie right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Aet. II. — A well-regulated militia being neces- sary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Aet. III.— ]^o soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Art. IY. — The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against im reasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon 40 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. probable cause, supported by oatli or afSruiation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Akt. Y. — 'No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamons crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actnal service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. Aet. YI. — In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jnry of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- ing witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. Art. YII. — In suits of common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the A]VIENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 41 riglit of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Art. YIII. — Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Akt. IX. — The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Art. X. — The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Art. XI. — The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Art. XII. — The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Yice-President, one of w^hom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted lor as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 42 NATIONAL' HAND-BOOK. persons voted for as Yice-President, and of tho number of votes for each ; wliich lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov- ernment of the United States, directed to the presi- dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Kepresentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Pepresen tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur- pose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, when- ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, the?i the Yice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 43 2. The person having the greatest nnmber ot votes as Yice-President shall be the Yice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Yice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Yice-President of the United States. 44 NATIONAL IIAND-BOOX,. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. ABOLISHrNG SLAVERY. Article Y. of the Constitution of the United States clearly and distinctly sets forth the mode and manner in which that instrument may be amended, as follows : " The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which in either case shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- posed by the Congress." In accordance with this article of the Constitu- tion, the following resolution was proposed in the • Senate, on February 1, 1864, adopted April 8, 1864, by THE CONSTITUTIONAL AilENDMENT. 45 a vote of 33 to 6, and was proposed in the House June 15, 1864, adopted Jan. 31, 18G5, by a vote of 119 to 56 : Resolved^ By the Senate and House of Represen- tatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following article be proposed to the Legislatures, of the several States, as an amendment to the consti- tution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as apart of the said Constitution, namely : Art. XIII. 1st. J^either slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. The amendment was now sent by the Secretary of State to th-e Governors of the several States for rati- fication by the Legislatures ; a majority vote in three- fourths being required to make it a law of the land. On Dec. 18, 1865, Secretary Seward officially announced to the country the ratification of the Amendment as follows : To all to loJiom these presents may come, Greeting : Know ye, That, whereas the Congress of the United States, on the 1st of February last, passed a resolution, which is in the words following, namely : 46 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. "A resolution submitting to tlie Legislatures of the several States a proposition to amend the Con stitution of the United States." " ResoVced^ Bj the Senate and House of Eepre- sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Housea concurring, that the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an Amend- ment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legisla- tures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of said Cod stitution, namely : "'Article XUL " ' Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or anj^ place subject to their jurisdiction. " ' Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.' " And whereas, It appears from official documents on file in this Department, that the Amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed as aforesaid, has been ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michisjan, I>Iarv- land, IN'ew York, West Yirginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Yirginia, Ohio, Mis THE CONSTITUTIONAL AIMENDMENT. 47 Bouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, "Wisconsin, Yermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecti- cut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia, in all 27 States. And whereas^ The whole number of States in the United States is 36. And ivhereas^ The before specially named States, whose Legislatures have ratified the said proposed Amendment, constitute three-fourths of the whole number of States in the United States : Now, therefore, be it known that I, William H. Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, by virtue and in pursuance of the second section of the act of Congress, approved the 20th of April, 1818, entitled " An act to provide for the publication of the laws of the United States, and for other pur- poses," do hereby certify that the Amendment afore- said has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the United States. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of St^te to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this 18th day of December, in the year of our Lord 186v, and of the Independence of the United States of America the 90th. Wm. H. Sewaed, Secretary of State. 48 NATIONAE IIANIVUnOK. THE XIV AMENDMENT. CONCERNING RIGHTS OF CITIZENS, REPRESENTATION, RECON- STRUCTION, AND VALIDITY OP THE PUBLIC DEBT. ADOPTED BY CONGRESS JUNE IStH, 18GG, AND RATIFIED BY THREE- fourths of the legislatures op the states, july 20th, 1868. The joint resolution as passed is as follows : Resolved^ By the Senate and House of Represen- tatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring), That the following article be proposed to the Legis- latures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when rati- fied by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : ARTICLE — . § 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the States wherein they reside. No State shall make or PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. 49 enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or happiness, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec- tion of the laws, § 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective num- bers, counting the whole nunriber of persons, exclud- ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Yice-President, representatives in Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 21 years of age in such State. § 3. That no person shall be a Senator or Repre- sentative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, nnder the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as 3 50 NATIONAi HAND-BOOK. a member of any State Legislature^ or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there- of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disabilities. § 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insm-rection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States or any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. § 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. THE OKDINANCE OF 1T8T. 51 THE OEDIMNOE OF 1787. Passed hy Congress previous to the Adoption of the New Consti- tntion, and subsequently adopted hy Congress, Aug. 7, 1789, entitled, ^^ An Ordinance for the Government of the Terri- tory of the United States north-west of the Biver Ohio." (All the Articles of this ordinance, previous to Article VL, relate to the organization and powers of the government of the territory, the following section being all that relates to slavery.) ARTICLE VI. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territoiy, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted : Provided always, that any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service, as aforesaid. Done by the United States in Congress assembled the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and Independence the twelfth. William Geatson, Chairmari. Chaeles Thompson, /Secretari/. 52 NATIONAL tIAND-BOOE. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1783. ADOPTED FEBEUAET 12, 1793. An Act respecting fugitives from Justice^ and Persons escaping from the Service of their Masters, Be it enacted ly the Senate and House of Bepre- sentatives of the United States of Avnerica in Co'ii- gress assembled, That whenever the executive authority of auy State in the Union, or of either of the territories north-west or south of the River Ohio, shall demand any person, as a fugitive from justice, of the executive authority of any such State or Terri- tory to which such person shall have fled, and shall, moreover, produce the copy of an indictment found, or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State or Territory as aforesaid, charging tlie person so demanded with having committed treason, felony, or other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793. 53 chief magistrate of the State or Territory from whence the person so charged fled, it shall be the duty of the executive authority of the State or Terri- tory to which such person shall have fled, to cause him or her to be arrested and secured, and notice of the arrest to be given to the executive authority making such demand, or to the agent of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and to cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear. But if no such agent shall appear within six months from the time of the arrest, the prisoner may be discharged. And all costs or expenses incurred in the apprehending, securing, and transmitting such fugitive to the State or Territory making such demand, shall be j)aid by such State or Territory. And he it further enacted^ That any agent appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive into his custody, shall be empowered to transport him or her to the State or Territory from which he or she shall have fled. And if any person or persons shall by force set at liberty or rescue the fugitive from such agent while transporting as aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding one year. AQid he it also enacted^ That when a person held 64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. to labor in any of the United States, or in either of the Territories on the north-west or south of the River Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into any other of the said States or Territory, the person to whom such labor or service may be due, his agent or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor, and to take him or her before any judge of the Circuit or District Courts of the United States, residing or being within the State, or before any magistrate of a county, city, or town corporate, wherein such seizure or arrest shall be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of such judge or magistrate, either by oral testimony or affi- davit taken before, and certified by, a magistrate of any such State or Territorj^, that the person so seized or arrested doth, under the laws of the State or Territory from which he or she fled, owe services or labor to tlie person claiming him or her, it shall be the duty of such judge or magistrate to give a certificate thereof to such claimant, his agent or attorney, which shall be sufficient warrant for remov- ing the said fugitive from labor to the State or Territory from which he or she fled. A7id he it further enacted, That any person who shall knowingly and willingly obstruct or hinder such claimant, his agent or attorney, in so seizing or arresting such fugitive from labor, or shall rescue THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 55 such fugitive from such claimant, his agent or attor- ney, when BO arrested pursuant to the authority herein given or declared, or shall harbor or conceal such person after notice that he or she was a fugitive from labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of the said offences, forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars. Which penalty may be recovered by and for the benefit of such claimant, by action of debt, in any court proper to try the same ; saving, moreover, to the person claiming such labor or service, his right of action for or on account of the said injuries, or either of them. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. SIGNED SEPTEMBEE 18, 1850. An Act to am^end^ and sujyplementary to the Act entitled ''An Act respecting Fugitives from. Justice ^ and Persons escaping from the Service of their Masters^'' approved February twelfth^ one thousand seven himdved and ninety-three. Be it enacted ly the Senate and House of Mejpr&- sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assernbUd^ That the persons who have been, or may hereafter be, appointed commissioners, in 56 NATIONAIi HAJs^D-BOOK. virtue of any act of Congress, by tlie Circuit Courts of the United States, and who, in consequence of such ap'[)ointment, are authorized to exercise the powers- that any justice of the peace, or other magistrate of any of the United States, may exercise in respect to oli'enders for any crime or offence against the United States, by arresting, imprisoning, or bailing the same under and hj virtue of the thirty-third section of the act of the twenty-fourth of September, seven- teen hundred and eighty-nine, entitled " An Act to establish the judicial courts of the United States," shall be, and are hereby, authorized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred by this act. A?id be it further enacted^ That the Superior Court of each organized Territory of the United States shall have the same power to appoint commis- sioners to take acknowledgments of bail and affi- davits, and to take depositions of witnesses in civil causes, which is now possessed by the Circuit Court of the United States ; and all commissioners who shall hereafter be appointed for such purposes by the Supreme Court of any organized Territory of the United States, shall possess all the powers, and exer- cise all the duties, conferred by law upon the commissioners appointed by the Circuit Courts of the United States for similar purposes, and shall THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 57 moreover exercise and discharge all tlie powers and duties conferred by this act. And he it further enacted^ That the Circuit Courts of the United States, and the Superior Courts of each organized Territory of the United States, shall from time to time enlarge the number of com- missioners, with a view to afford reasonable facilities to reclaim fugitives from labor, and to the prompt discharge of the duties imposed bj this act. And he it further enacted, That the commis- sioners above named shall have cdbcurrent jurisdic- tion with the judges of the Circuit and District Courts of the United States, in their respective circuits and districts within the several States, and the judges of the Superior Courts of the Territories severally and collectively, in term time and vaca- tion ; and shall grant certificates to such claimants upon satisfactory proof being made, with authority to take and remove such fugitives from service or labor, under the restrictions herein contained, to the State or Territory from which such persons may have escaped or fled. And he it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of this act, when to them directed ; and should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to 3# 58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. receive such warrant, or other process, when tend- ered, or to use all proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the use of such claimant, on the motion of such claimant, by the Circuit or District Court for the district of such marshal ; and after arrest of such fugitive, by such marshal or his deputy, or whilst at any time in his custody, under the provisions of this act, should such fugitive escape, whether with or without the as- sent of such mar^al or his deputy, such marshal shall be liable, on his official bond, to be prosecuted for the benefit of such claimant, for the full value of the service or labor of said fugitive in the State, Terri- tory, or district whence he escaped ; and the better to enable said commissioners, when thus appointed, to execute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in conformity with the requirements of the constitution of the United States, and of this act, they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in w^riting under their hands, any one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro cess as may be issued by them in the lawful performance of their respective duties ; with authority to such commissioners, or the persons to be appointed by them, to execute process as aforesaid. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 59 to summon and call to their aid the bystanders, or posse comitatus of the proper county, when necessary to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the constitution referred to, in conformity with the pi'o visions of this act ; and all good citizens are hereby commanded to aid and assist in the prompt and effi- cient execution of this law, whenever their services may be required, as aforesaid, for that purpose ; and said warrants shall run, and be executed by said officers, any where in the State within which they are issued. And le it further enacted, That when a person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the United States has heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United States, the person or persons to whom such service or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent or attorney, duly authorized by power of attorney, in writing acknowledged and certified under the seal of some legal officer or court of the State or Territory in which the same may be executed, may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a warrant from some one of the courts, judges, or com- missioners aforesaid, of the proper circuit, district, or county, for the apprehension of such fugitive from service or labor, or by seizing and arresting such fugitive where the same can be done without pro- 60 NATIOl^J^AI. HAND-BOOK. cess, and by taking, or causing such person to be taken fortliwitli before sncb court, judge, or commis- sioner, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine the case of such claimant in a summary manner ; and upon satisfactory proof being made, by deposi- tion or affidavit, in writing, to be taken and certified hy such court, judge, or commissioner, or by other satisfactory testimony, duly taken and certified by some court, magistrate, justice of the peace, or other legal ofiicer authorized to administer an oath and take depositions under the laws of the State or Terri- tory from which such person owing service or labor may have escaped, with a certificate of such magis- tracy, or other authority as aforesaid, with the seal of the proper court or ofiicer thereto attached, which seal shall be sufficient to establish the competency of the proof, also by affidavit, of the identity of the per- son whose service or labor is claimed to be due as aforesaid, that the person so arrested does in fact ow§ service or labor to the person or persons claim- ing him or her, in the State or Territory from which such fugitive may have escaped as aforesaid, and that said person escaped, to make out and deliver to such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certifi- cate setting fortli the substanticil facts as to the service or labor due from such fugitive to the claim- ant, and of his or her escape from the State or THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 61 Territory in which such service or labor was dne to the State or Territory in which he or she was arrested, with authority to such claimant, or his or her agent or attorney, to use such reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary, under the circum- stances of the case, to take and remove such fugitive person back to the State or Territory whence he or she may have escaped as aforesaid. In no trial or hearing under this act shall the testimony of such alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence; and the certificates in this and the first (fourth) section men- tioned, shall be conclusive of the right of the person or persons in whose favor granted, to remove such fugitive to the State or Territory from which he escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such person or persons by any process issued by any court, judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever. And he it further enacted^ That any person who shall knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder, or prevent such claimant, his agent or attorney, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him, her, or them, from arresting such a fugitive from service or labor, either with or without process as aforesaid, or shall rescue or attempt to rescue such fugitive from service or labor from the custody of such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, or other person or persons lawfully assisting as aforesaid, when 62 NATIONAL 'hand-book:. so arrested pursuant to the authority hereiu given and declared, or shall aid, abet, or assist such person so owing service or labor as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from such claimant, his agent or attorney, or other person or persons legally author- ized as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal such fugitive, so as to prevent the discovery and arrest of such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact that such person was a fugitive from service or labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of said offences, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment and conviction before the District Court of the United States for the district in which such offence may have been committed, or before the proper court of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within ixny one of the organized Territories of the United States, and shall moreover forfeit and pay, by way of civil damages to the party injured by such illegal conduct, the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so lost as aforesaid, to be recovered by action of debt in any of the district or territorial courts aforesaid, within whose jurisdiction the said offence may have been committed. And he it further enacted^ That the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 63 like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services iu other cases ; and where such services are rendered exclusively in the arrest, custody, and delivery of the fugitive to the claimant, his or her agent or attorney, or where such supposed fugitive may be discharged out of custody for the want of sufficient proof as aforesaid, then such fees are to be paid in the whole by such claimant, his agent or attorney ; and in all cases where the proceedings are before a commissioner, he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, upon the delivery of the said certificate to the claim- ant, his or her agent or attorney ; or a fee of five dollars in cases where the proof shall not, in the opinion of such commissioner, warrant such certifi- cate and delivery, inclusive of all services incident to snch arrest or examination, to be paid in either case by the claimant, his or her agent or attorney. The person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such commissioner for the arrest and detention of fugitives from service or labor as afore- said, shall also be entitled to a fee of five dollars each, for each person he or they may arrest and take before any such commissioner, as aforesaid, at the' instance and request of such claimant, with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such commissioners for such other additional services as 64. NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. may be necessarily performed by him or them ; such as attending at the examination, keeping the lugi« tive in custody, and providing him with food and lodging during his detention and until the final determination of such commissioner; and, in general, for performing such other duties as may be required by such claimant, his or her attorney or agent, or commissioner in the premises. Such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the courts of juctice within the proper district or county, as near as may be practica- ble, and paid by such claimants, their agents or attorneys, whether such supposed fugitives from service or labor be ordered to be delivered to such claimants by the final determination of such commis sioner or not. A7id le it further enacted^ That, upon affidavit made by the claimant of such fugitive, his agent oi attorney, after such certificate has been issued that he has reason to apprehend that such fugitive will be rescued by force from his or her possession before ho can be taken beyond the limits of the State in which the arrest is made, it shall be the duty of the officer making the arrest to retain such fugitive in his cus- tody, and to remove him to the State whence he fled, and there deliver him to said claimant, his agent or attorney. And to this end, the officer THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 65 aforesaid is hereby authorized and required to employ BO many persons as he may deem necessary to overcome such force, and to retain them in his service so long as circumstances may require. The said officer and his assistants while so employed to receive the com- pensation, and to be allowed the same expenses, as are now allowed by law for transportation of crimi- nals, to be certified by the judge of the district within which the arrest is made, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. And he it further enacted^ That when any per- son held to service or labor in any State or Terri- tory, or in the District of Columbia, shall escape therefrom, the party to whom such service or labor may be due, his, her, or their agent or attorney, may apply to any court of record therein, or judge thereof in vacation, and make satisfactory proof to Buch court, or judge in vacation, of the escape afore- said, and that the person escaping owed service or labor to such party. "Whereupon the court shall cause a record to be made of the matters so proved, and also a general description of the person so escap- ing with such convenient certainty as may be ; and a transcript of such record, authenticated by the attestation of the clerk and of the seal of the said court, being produced in any other State, Territory, or district in which the person so escaping may be QQ NATIONAIi HAND-BOOK. found, and being exhibited to any judge, commis- sioner, or otlier officer authorized by the law of the United States to cause persons escaping from service or labor to be delivered up, shall be held and taken to be full and conclusive evidence of the fact of the escape, and that the service or labor of the person escaping is due to the party in such record men- tioned. And upon the production by the said party of other and further evidence if necessary, either oral or by affidavit, in addition to what is contained in the said record of the identity of the person escap- ing, he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant. And the said court, commissioner, judge, or other person authorized by this act to grant certificates to claimants of fugitives, shall, upon the production of tlie record and other evidences aforesaid, grant to such claimant a certificate of his right to take any such person identified and proved to be owing service or labor as aforesaid, which shall authorize such claimant to seize or arrest and transport such person to the State or Territory from which he escaped. Provided^ That nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring the production of a transcript of such record as evidence as aforesaid. But in its absence the claim shall be heard and determined upon other satisfactory proofs, competent in law. THE MISSOUEI COMPEOMISE. 67 THE MISSOUEI COMPEOMISE. ADOPTED MAEOH 6, 1820. A71 Act to authorize the Peoi?le of the Missouri Territory to forin a Constitution and State Gov- eminent , and for the Admission of such State into the Union on an equal Footing with the original States^ and to jprohihit Slavery in certain Terri- tories, (All the previous sections of tliis act relate entirely to the formation of the Missouri Territory in the usual form of territo- rial bills, the 8th section only relating to the slavery question.) And he it further enacted, That in all that Territory ceded by France to the United States, imder the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, "not included within the limits of the State contem- plated by their act, slavery and involuntary servi- tude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, 68 NATIONAL nAND-EOOK. sliall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited. Fro- vided always^ That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, in any State or Territory of the United States, snch fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or Bervicc as aforesaid. THE XY AMENDMENT. ISTo Distinction in Color. The following resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, passed Congress, February 27th, 1869 : JResolved, By the Senate and House of Itepresen- tatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following article be proposed to the Legis- latures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : Article 15, Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or .abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of ser- vitude. Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Itatifiedhy three- fouHlis of the States, Mar. 30, 1370. BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION. 69 BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION. The following statistics show the losses of life in the various battles of the American Ee volution, also the dates of the several battles : British American Loss. Loss. Lexington, April 15, 1775 273 84 Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 1054 456 Flatbush, August 12, 1776 400 200 White Plams, August 26, 1776 400 400 Trenton, December 25, 1776 1000 9 Pnnceton, January 5, 1777 400 100 Hubbardstown, August 17, 1777 800 800 Bennington, August 16, 1777 800 100 Brandy wine, September 11, 1777 500 1100 Stillwater, September 17, 1777 600 350 Germantown, October 5, 1777 600 1250 Saratoga, October 17, 1777* 5752 lied Hook, October 22, 1777 500 32 Monmouth, June 25, 1778 400 130 Rhode Island, August 27, 1778 260 214 Briar Creek, March 30, 1779 13 400 Stony Point, July 15, 1779 600 100 Camden, August 16, 1779 375 610 King's Mountain, October 1, 1780 950 66 Cowpens, January 17, 1781 800 72 Guilford C. H,, March 15, 1781 632 400 Hobkirk's Hill, April 25, 1781 400 460 Eutaw Springs, September, 1781 1000 550 Yorktown, October, 1781* 7072 Total 25,481 7913 * Surrendered. 70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. INAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF GEOEGE WASHINGTON, FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DELIVEEED APEIL 30, 1789. Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Repkesentatives — Among tlie vicissitudes incident to life, no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the four- teenth day of the present month. On the one hand I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predi- lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta- ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 71 On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of mj country called me being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de- spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments from nature, and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be afiected. All I dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by any affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its consequences be judged by»my country with some share of the partiality with which they originated. Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica- tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the 72 NATIOX.iL HAND-BOOK. universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can snpplj every human defect that his benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States, a government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every in- Btrnment employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the great author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it ex- presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. "No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men more than the people of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distin- guished by some token of providential agenc}^, and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil de- liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can- not be compared with the means by which most gov- ernments have been established without some return ol' pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections arising out of the present crisis INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 73 have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in tJiinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of anew and free government can more auspiciously commence. By the article establishing the executive depart- ment it is made the duty of the President " to re- commend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum- stances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject farther than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which in defining your powers designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those cir- cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom- mendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot- ism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so on another, that the foundations of our national policy 74 i5"ATioNAlL hai^d-eook:. mil be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the pre-eminence of free gov- ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect v/ith every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor- oughly established than that there exists in the econ- omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be- tween virtue and happiness, between duty and advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis- regards the eternal rules of order and right which heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva- tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly con- sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people. Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren- dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of the objections which have been urged against IN"AFGUEAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 75 the system, or by tlie degree of inquietude wliicli lias given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic- ular recommendations on this subject in which 1 could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment and pursuit of the public good, for I assure myself that while you care- fully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experi- ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will sufiicientl}" influence your deliberations on the ques- tion, how fiir the former can be more impregnably fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted. To the preceding observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will, therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liber- ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed, and being still under the impres- sions which produced it, I must decline as inapplica 76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ble to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a perma- nent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed, may, during my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex- penditures as the public good may be thought to require. Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as as they have heen awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave, but not without resorting once more to the benign parent of the human race in humble supplication, that since he has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un- paralleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the tem- I perate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this government must depend. Washington's farewell address. 77 WASHINQTON'S FAEEWELL ADDEESS. Friends and Fellow-Citizens — The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States not being far dis- tant, and the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the num- ber of those out of whom a choice is to be made. I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has not been taken without a strict regard to all the considerations ap- pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi- zen to his country; and that, in withdrawing the tender of service which silence, in my situation, 78 NATIONAL HA^D-BOOK. might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness, but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compatible with both. The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office to which your suffrages have twice called me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election, had been led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you; but mature reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders the pm'suit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety; and am persuaded, whatever partiality may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove my determination to retire. WASHINGTON'S FAUEWELL ADDRESS. 70 The impressions with which I first undertook tlio arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I have with good intentions contributed toward the organization and administration of the government the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my own eyes — ^perhaps still more in the eyes of others — has strengthened the motives to difiidence of myself; and every day the increasing weight of years admon- ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire- ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu- liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru- dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid it. In looking forward to the moment which is in- tended to terminate the career of my public life, my feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac- knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi- dence with which it has supported me, and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by Bervices faithful and 80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeaL If benefits have resulted to our country from these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, and as an instructive example in our annals, that, under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead; amid appear- ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging ; in situations in which, not unfre- quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism — the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen- etrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence ; that your union and brotherly affec- tion may be perpetual; that the free constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that its administration, in every depart- ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glory of recommending it to the applause, the affec- tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it. 81 Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude for jour welfare, which can not end but with my life, and the apprehension of danger natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present to offer to jour solemn contemplation, and to recommend to jour frequent review, some sentiments, which are the result of much reflection, of no incon- siderable observation, and which appear to me all- important to the permanencj of jour felicitj as a people. These will be afforded to jou w^ith the more freedom, as jou can onlj see them in the disin- terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi- blj have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, jour indul- gent reception of mj sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion. Interwoven as is the love of libertj with every ligament of jour hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessarj to fortifj or confirm the attachment. The unitj of government, which constitutes jou one people, is also now dear to jou. It is justlj so ; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of jour real inde- pendence, the support of jour tranquillitj at home, jour peace abroad, of jour safet j, of your prosperit j, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to forsee that from different causes and from different quarters much pains will be taken, 82 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of tliis truth — as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed — it is of infinite moment that you should proj^erly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness ; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im- movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its ' preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown- ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts. For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com- mon country, that country has a right to concentrate your afiections. The name of American, which be- longs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difierence, you have the same 83 religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have, in a common cause, fought and tri- umphed together ; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes. But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which apply more Immediately to your interest ; here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole. The I^orth, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds, in the productions of the latter, great additional resources of maritime and commer- cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur- ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency of the l^orth, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the ]S"orth, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ; and while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national naviga- tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength to w^hich itself is unequally adapted. The 84 NATIONAL ■ HAND-BOOK. East, in like intercourse with the "West, already finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte- rior communication, by land and water, will more and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ- ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com- munity of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the "West can hold this essential advan- tage, whether derived from its own separate strength or from an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. While, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united mass of means and eflbrts, greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from exter- nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive from union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequently afilict neighboring countries, not 85 tied together by the same government, which thoir own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over- grown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib- erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other. These considerations speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a continuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation, in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to hope that a proper organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec- tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi- ment. With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe- rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica- bility, there will always be reason to distrust the 8 b NATIONAL *irAND-BOOK. patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor to weaken its bands. In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it cccurs, as a matter of serious concern, that any ground should have been furnished for char- acterizing parties by geographical discriminations — ]N"orthern and Southern, Atlantic and Western — whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You can not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings which, spring from these misrep- resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal aifection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them, of a policy in the general government, and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter- ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit- nesses to the formation of two treaties — that with 87 Great Britain and that with Spain — which secure to them everything they could desire in respect to our foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity. "Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva* tion of these advantages on the Union by which they were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren and connect them with aliens ? To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a government for the whole is indispensable. 'No alli- ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an adequate substitute ; they must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, in all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo- mentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern- ment better calculated than your former lor an inti- mate Union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. This government, the off- spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera- tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. Kespect for its authority, compliance 88 N-ATIONAfi HAND-BOOK. with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- ment ; but the constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the peo- ple to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established govern- ment. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausi- ble character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele- gated will of the nation the will of a party — often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community — and, according to the alternate triumphs of difi'erent parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels, and modified by mutual interests. 89 However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of government; destroying, afterward, the very engine which had lifted them to unjust dominion. Toward the preservation of your government, and the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno- vation upon its principles, however specious the pre- texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in the forms of the constitution, alterations which will impair the energy of the system, and thus to under- mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes to which you may be invited, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex- poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety 90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of hjpotliesis and opinion ; and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern- ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per- fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty, itself will find in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov- ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the society within the liniits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property. I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the state, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, an& warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists, under different shapes, in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. The alternate domination of one faction over an- other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to WASHINGTON S FAEEWELL ADDEESS. 91 party dissension, wliich, in different ages and coun- tries, lias perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length, to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on the ruins of public liberty. Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the inter- est and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it. It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms ; kindles the animosity of one part against an- other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. 92 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. There is an opinion tliat parties, in free countries, are useful cliecks upon the administration of the gov- ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in .governments of a monarchial cast, patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac- ter, in governments purel}^ elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutatory purpose. And there being con- stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A lire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume. It is important, likewise, that the habits of think- ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those intrusted with its administration, to confine them- selves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart- ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments into one, and thus to create, what- ever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power and proneness to abuse it which predominate in the human heart is 93 siifBcient to satisfy us of the trntli of this position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of political power, by dividing and distributing it into different depositories, and constituting each the guardian of the public weal, against invasion by tho others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient and modern — some of them in our own country and under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of the people, the distribution or modification of the constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which the constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation ; for tliough this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or transient benefit which the use can, at any time, yield. Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indis- pensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute ot patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought to 94 NATIOI^AL HA^ra-BOOK. respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths vt-hich are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice % And let us with caution indulge the sup- position that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ- ence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclu- sion of religious principles. It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric ? Promote, then, as an object of primary impor- tance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowl- edge. In proportion as a structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened. As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of pre- serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible ; 95 avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought to bear. The execution of these maxims belons-s to your representatives, but it is necessary that public opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it is essential that yon should practically bear in mind that toward the pay- ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be devised which are not more or less inconvenient and unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa- rable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci- sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct of the government in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ; cultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that 96 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. good policy does not really enjoin it? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation, to give to mankind the mag- nanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. Who can doubt that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would riclily repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by a steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue? The experiment, at least, is recitui- mended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its vices ? In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent inveterate antij^athies against particular nations, and passionate attach- ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all should be cultivated. The nation which indulges toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or its affection, either of which is sulii cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty Washington's farewell address. 97 and intractable when accidental or triflino; occasions of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti- nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The government sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts, through passion, what reason would reject ; at other times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi- ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of nations, has been the victim. So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym- pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec- essarily parting with what ought to have been retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom 98 NATIONAL ' II AND-BOOK. equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ambi- tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with- out odium, sometimes even with popularity ; gilding with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to the truly enlightened and independent patriot. How many opportunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc- tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe the public councils ! Such an attachment of a small or w^eak toward a great and powerful nation dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter. Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal- ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub- lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense against it. E:scessive partiality for one foreign 99 nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, who may I'esist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to become suspected and odious, while its tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo- ple, to surrender their interests. The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela- tions, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as w^e hav« already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our con- cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or- dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a difierent course. If we remain one people, under an eflicient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material 100 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. injurj from external annoyance, when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected — when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly^ hazard the giving us provocation — when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus- tice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival- shij), interest, humor, or caprice ? It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in m} opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to extend them. Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, Washington's farewell address. 101 we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra- ordinary emergencies. Harmony, and a liberal intercom^se with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con- sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com- merce, but forcing nothing ; establishing, with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our mercliants, and to enable the government to support them, conven- tional rules of intercourse, the best that present circumstances and mutual opinions will permit, but temporary, and liable to be, from time to time, abandoned or varied, as experience and circum- stances shall dictate ; constantly keeping in view that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por- tion of its independence, for -whatever it may accept under that character ; that by such acceptance it may place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect, or calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation, 102 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a just pride ought to discard. In offering to jou, mj countrymen, these counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will make the strong and lasting impression I could wish — that they will control the usual current of the passions, or prevent our nation from running the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they may be productive of some partial benefit, some occasional good, that they may now and then recur to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against the im.postures of pretended patriotism — this hope will be a full recompense for the solicitude for joiir welfare by which they have been dictated. How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I have been guided by the principles which have been delineated, the public records, and other evidences of my conduct, must witness to you and the world. To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least believed myself to be guided by them. In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both 103 Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I conld obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main- tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness. The considerations which respect the right to hold this conduct, it is not necessar}^ on this occasion to detail. I will only observe that, according to my understanding of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has been virtually admitted by all. The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity toward other nations. The inducements of interest, for observing that conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections and experience. With me, a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress, without interruption, to that degree of 104 NATIONAL 'hand-book. strengtli and consistency wliich is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes. Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin- istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I aui, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned to obli?vion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. Relying on its kindness in this, as in other things, and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitors for several generations, I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free government — the ever favorite object of my heart — and the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers. Geoege Washington. United States, 17tli September, 1796. 105 PEESIDENT JACKSON'S PEOOLAMATION, ISSUED IX 1832, WHEN SOUTH OAEOLINA UNDERTOOK TO ANNUL THE FEDERAL REVENUE LAW. Whereas a convention, assembled in the State of South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which tliey declare '' that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities, and now having actual operation and effect within the United States, and more especially ' two acts for the same purposes, passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi- cers ; and by the said ordinance it is further declared to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori- ties of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 106 NATIONAL nAND-BOOK. the payment of the duties imposed bj the said acta within the same State, and that it is the duty of the legishiture to pass such laws as may be necessary to give full effect to the said ordinances : And whereas, by the said ordinance it is furthe* ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the United States, nor shall m\j copy of the record be permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- ished as for a contempt of court : And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the people of South Carolina will maintain the said ordi- nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or closing the ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- structmo; the free inc^ress or e^Tess of vessels to and from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that PEESiDENT Jackson's proclamation. 107 the people of the said State will thenceforth hold themselves absolved from all further obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States, and will forthwith proceed to organize a separate government, and do all other acts and things which sovereign and inde- pendent States may of right do : And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct violation of their duty as citizens of the United States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the destruction of the Union — that Union, which, coeval with our political existence, led our fathers, without any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to a glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto, inviolate, which, perfected hj our happy Constitu- tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a state of prosperity at home, and high consideration abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, have thought proper to issue this, my Proclamation, 108 NATIONS AL 'HAND-BOOK. stating my views of the Constitution and lawa applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the understanding and j)atriotism of the people, warn them of the consequences that must inevitably result from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. Strict duty would require of me nothing more than the exercise of those powers with which I am now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and the deep interest which the people of the United States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger measures, wdiile there is a hope that anything will be yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will require me to pursue. The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the strange position that any one State may not only PEEsiDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 109 declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its exc cution — that they may do this consistently with the Constitution — that the true construction of that instrument permits a State to retain its place in the Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; but it is evident, that to give the right of resisting laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. Eor, as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient check against the abuse of this power, it may be asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- ble, and which does not exist in the other. There are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed by Congress — one to the judiciary, the other to the people and the States. There is no appeal from the State decision in theory ; and the practical iilustra- tration shows that the courts are closed against an application to review it, both judges and jurors being 110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on tMa subject is superfluous, when our social compact in express terms declares, that the laws of the United States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater caution ^adds, " that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." And it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, that no federative government could exist without a similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent their execution in the port of Charleston, there would be a clear constitutional objection to their collection in every other port, and no revenue could be collected anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long as the question of its legality is to be decided by the State itself; for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. If this doctrine had been established at an earlier day, the Union would have been dissolved in its infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States, Ill the carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon- stitutional, and were more unequal in tlieir operation than any of the laws now complained of; but, fortu- nately, none of those States discovered that they had the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war into which we were forced, to support the dignity of the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution. Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon several members of the Union, to the legislatures of none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor- tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it to practice. If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im- practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will also afford abundant proof that it would have been repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to form a feature in our government. 112 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. In our colonial state, although dependent on an- other power, we very early considered ourselves as connected bj common interest with each other. Leagues were formed for common defense, and before the Declaration of Independence, we were known in our aggregate character as the United Colonies of America. That decisive and important step was taken jointly. We declared ourselves a nation by a joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of our confederation were reduced to form, it was in that of a solemn league of several States, by which they agreed that they would, collectively, form one nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the instrument forming that Union, is found an article which declares that " every State shall abide by the determinations of Congress on all questions which by that Confederation should be submitted to them." Under the Confederation, then, no State could legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to submit to its execution ; but no provision was made to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- ernment could not operate on individuals. They had no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. But the defects of the Confederation need not be detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be 113 called a nation. We had neither prosperity at home nor consideration abroad. This state of things conld not be endured, and our present happy Constitution was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine prevails. It was formed for important objects tliat are announced in the preamble made in the name and by the authority of the people of the United States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- tions approved, it. The most important among these objects, that which is placed first in rank, on which all the others rest, is ''to form a more jperfect TJnionP ]^ow, it is possible that, even if there were no express provision giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of the United States over those of the States, it can be conceived that an instrument made for the purpose oi"- forming a more jperfect TJnion^'' than that of the Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that confederation a form of government, dependent for its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who hears the question, will give such an answer as will preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have devised one that is calculated to destroy it. 5* 114: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. I consider, tlien, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed bv one State, incorrvpatible with the existence of the Union^ contTadicted expressly hj the letter' of the Constitution,, unauthorized hy its spirit^ inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded^ and destructive of tJie great object for which it VMS formed. After this general view of the leading principle, we must examine the particular application of it which is made in the ordinance. The preamble rests its justification on these grounds : It assumes as a fact, that the obnoxious laws, although tliey purport to be laws for raising revenue, were in reality intended for the protection of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater than is required by the wants of the government ; and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are the only causes alleged to justity an open opposition to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt should be made to enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that the law in question was passed under power ex- pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques- 115 tion from tlie motives of those who passed it. How- ever apparent this purpose may be in the present case, nothing can be more dangerous than to admit the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- tained by the members who assent to a law enacted under a constitutional power, shall make that law void ; for hoAV is that purpose to be ascertained ? Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases are they concealed by false professions? In how many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled right to decide, and every law may be annulled under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it deems such, it will not apply to the present case. The next objection is, that the laws in question, operate unequally. This objection may be made with truth to every law that has been or can be passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a system of taxation that would operate with perfect equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the slightest efforts for its preservation. "We have hith- 116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. "We have received it as the work of the assembled wisdom of the nation. We have trusted to it as to the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, in attaching this importance to the Constitution of our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new" doc- trine would make it ? Did. we pledge ourselves to the support of an airy nothing — a bubble that must be blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did the name of Washington sanction, did the States de- liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of fundamental legislation? 'No. We were not mis- taken. The letter of this great instrument is free from this radical fault ; its language directly contra- dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, contradicts it. !N"o, we did not err. Our Constitu- tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power PRESIDENT JACKSOn's PEOCLAMATION. 117 to make laws, and another power to resist tliem. The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per* manent constitutional compact. The Father of his Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable an absurdity. ISTor did the States, when they sever- ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto on the laws of the United States was reserved to them, or that they could exercise it by application. Search the debates in all their conventions — examine the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal authority — look at the amendments that were pro- posed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union over those of the States, or to show that implication, as is now contended, could defeat it. J^o, we have not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into existence, will again be patriotically offered for its support. The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 118 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to bo raised bj them are greater than are required, and that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum the public exigencies will require. The States have .no control over the exercise of this ria-ht other than that which results from the power of changing the representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- tionary power, but tlie same may be said of others with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to the representatives of all the people, checked by the representatives of the States, and by the executive power. The South Carolina construction gives it to the legislature, or the convention of a single State, where neither the people of the different States, nor the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the power? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which is the constitutional disposition — that instrument speaks a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were assembled in general convention, which would you think the safest depository of this discretionary power in the last resort ? Would you add a clause giving PRESIDENT Jackson's proclajviation. 119 it to each of the States, or would you sanction the wise provisions ah^eady made by your Constitution ? If this should be the result of your deliberations when providing for the future, are you — can you — be ready to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- porary and a local purpose, that which you must acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a general provision ? Carry out the consequences of this right vested in the different States, and you must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents at this day would recur whenever any law of the United States displeased any of the States, and that we should soon cease to be a nation. The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the future that characterizes a former objection, tells you that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty, the objection would, with more propriety, be reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but surely can not be urged against the laws levying the duty. These are the allegations contained in the ordi- nance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens — ^judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you should come to this conclusion, how far they justify 120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the reckless, destructive course which jou are directed to pursue. Eeview these objections, and the conclu- sions drawn from them once more. AVhat are they? Every laAV, then, for raising revenue, according to the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws for raising revenue, and each State has a right to oppose their execution — two rights directly opposed to each other ; and yet is this absurdity supposed to be contained in an instrument drawn for the express purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and the general government, by an assembly of the most enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- bodied for a similiar purpose. In vain have these sages declared that Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- posts, and excises — in vain have they provided that they shall have power to pass laws which shall be necessary and proper to carry those powers into execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- visions, made them their paramount law, and indi- PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 121 viduallj sworn to support them whenever they were called on to execute any office. Yain provisions ! IneiFectual restrictions ! Yile profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the intent with which a law has been passed, declare themselves free from its operation — say here it gives too little, there too much, and operates unequally — here it suffers articles to be free that ought to bo taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free — in this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to purposes which we do not approve, in that the amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it is true, are invested by the Constitution with the right of deciding these questions according to their sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of all the States ; but we, part of the people of one State, to whom the Constitution has given no power on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it away — we, who have solemnly agreed that this Con- stitution shall be our law — wc, most of whom have sworn to support it — we now abrogate this law, and swear, and force others to swear, that it shall not be obeyed — and we do this, not because Congress have no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ; 122 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. but because they have passed them with improper views. They are unconstitutional from the motives of those who pass them, which we can never with certainty know, from their unequal operation; although it is impossible from the nature of things that they should be equal — and from the disposition which we presume may be made of their proceeds, although that disposition has not been declared. This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. The Ck)nstitution declares that the judicial powers of the United States extend to cases arising under the laws of the United States, and that such laws the Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- scribes the mode by which the case may be brought before a court of the United States, by appeal, when a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of the Constitution. The ordinance declares there shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount to the Constitution and laws of the United States ; forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 123 a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities of the United States, or of that State, to enforce tlie payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws within its limits. Here is a law of the United States, not even pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the authority of a small majority of the voters of a single State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which is solemnly- abrogated by the same authority. On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt is made to execute them. This right to secede is deduced from the nature of the Constitution, which they say is a compact between sovereign States, who have preserved their whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no superior ; that because they made the compact, they can break it when in their opinion it has been departed from by the other States. Fallacious as this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and iinds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who have not studied the nature of our government suffi- ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. The people of the United States formed the Con- 124 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. stitutiori, acting tliroiigh the State legislatures, in making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis- ions, and acting in separate conventions when they ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its construction show it to be a government hi whiclii the people of all the States collectively are repre- sented. We are one people in the choice of the President and Yice-President. Here the States have no other agency than to direct the mode in which the votes shall be given. The candidates having the majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors of a majority of States may have given their votes for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. The people then, and not the States, are represented in the executive branch. In the House of Representatives there is this difference, that the people of one State do not, as in the case of President and Yice-President, all vote for all the members, each State electing only its own representatives. But this creates no material distinc- tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of the United States, not representatives of the particu- lar State from which they come. They are paid by the United States, not by the State ; nor are they accountable to it for any act done in performance of their legislative functions ; and however they may in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre- 125 fer the interests of their particular constituents when they come in conflict with any other partial or local interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as representatives of the United States, to promote the general good. The Constitution of the United States, then, forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be formed by compact between the States, or in any other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- ernment in which all the people are represented, which operates directly on the people individually, not upon the States ; they retained all the power they did not grant. But each State having expressly parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly with the other States a single nation, can not from that period possess any right to secede, because such secession does not break a league, but destroys the unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not only a breach which would result from the contra- vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- cism to contend that any part of a nation might dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their injury or ruin, without committing any offense. Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 126 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the meaning of terms, and can only be done through gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to assert a right, but would pause before they made a revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a failure. Because the Union was formed by compact, it is said the parties to that compact may, when they feel aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an agreement or binding obligation. It may by its terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the designated or implied penalty. A league between independent nations, generally, has no sanction other than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, as there is no common superior, it cannot be enforced. A government, on the contrary, always has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. An attempt by force of arms to destroy a govern ment is an oifense, by whatever means the constitu- tional compact may have been formed ; and such government has the right, by the law of self-defense, TEESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 127 to pass acts for punisliing tlie offender, unless tliat right is modiiiecl, restrained, or resumed by the con- stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi- fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers into effect, and under this grant provision has been made for punishing acts which obstruct the due administration of the laws. It would seem superfluous to add anything to show the nature of that union which connects us ; but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our peace, I must give some further development to my views on this subject. I^o one, fellow-citizens, has a higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States than the magistrate who now addresses you. IS^o one would make greater personal sacrifices, or offi- cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, an improper interference with, or resumption of, the rights they have vested in the nation. The line has not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the best intentions and soundest views may differ in their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; but there are others on which dispassionate reflection can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of tlio States, and of their having formed in this sovereign capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, from which, because they made it, they have the right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so have been anticipated. The States severally have not retained their entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, they surrendered many of their essential parts of sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The States, then, for all these important purposes, were no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens was transferred in the first instance to the govern- ment of the United States ; they became American citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of the United States, and to laws made in conformity with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, then, can that State be said to be sovereign and independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to disregard those laws, when they come in conflict PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 129 with those passed by another ? What shows conclu- sively that the States can not be said to have reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they expressly ceded the right to punish treason — not treason against a separate power, but treason against the United States. Treason is an offense ^against sov* ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States are not less sacred because they have for their com- mon interest made the general government the depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- cal cliaracter (as has been shown for another pur- pose) commenced with its very existence. Under the royal government we had no separate character ; our opposition to its oppression began as united COLONIES. We were the United States under the Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con- stitution. In none of these stages did we consider ourselves in any other light than as forming one nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the name of all. Troops were raised for the joint defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that under all changes of our position we had, for desig- nated purposes and with defined ]30wers, created national governments — how is it that the most per- fect of these several modes of union should now be 130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at pleasure? It is from an abuse of terms. Compact is used as synonymous with league, although the true term is not employed, because it would at once show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do t > say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is labored to prove it a compact (wliich, in one sense, it is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, every compact between nations must, of course, be a league, and that from such an engagement every sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has been shown that in this sense the States are not sovereign, and that even if they were, and the national Constitution had been formed by compact, there would be no right in any one State to exone- rate itself from the obligation. So obvious are the reasons which forbid this secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. Tlie Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions. Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, wdio magnanimously surrendered their title to the territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the duties that may be imposed without their assent by those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own benefit 1 Shall there be a free port in one State, PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 131 and enormous duties in another ? 'No one believes that any right exists in a single State to involve all the others in these and countless other evils, contrary to engagements solemnly made. Every one must see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose it at all hazards. These are the alternatives that are presented by the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising revenue, leaving the government without the means of support ; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our Union by the secession of one of its members. When the first was proposed, it was known that it could not be listened to for a moment. It was known if force was applied to oppose the execution of the laws, that it must be repelled by force — that Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. The majority of a convention assembled for ihe pur- pose 'have dictated these terms, or rather this rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the State speaks of the submission of their grievances to a convention of all the States ; whicli, he says, they "sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this 132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the sense of the other States on the construction of the federal compact, and amending it, if necessary, has never been attempted by those who have urged the State on to this destructive measure. The State might have proposed a call for a general convention to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- tionaries of the general government of the merits of the controversy," such a convention will be accorded to them, must have known that neither Congress, nor any functionary in the general government, has authority to call such a convention, unless it be demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of | the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a general convention to consider their complaints, why have they not made application for it in the way the Constitution points out? The assertion that they " earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the omission. 133 This, then is the position in which we stand. A small majority of the citizens of one State in the Union have elected delegates to a State convention ; that convention has ordained that all the revenue laws of the United States must be repealed, or that they are no longer a member of the Union. The governor of that State has recommended to the legis- lature the raising of an army to carry the secession into effect, and that he may be empowered to give clearances to vessels in the name of the State. No act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to PROCLAIM, not only that the duty imposed on me by the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent of the powers already vested in me by law, or of such others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing ordinance of the convention — to exhort those who have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- tion into which the good people of that State have 134 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. been led, and that the course they are urged to pur- sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State whose rights they effect to support. Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, but use the influence that a father would over his children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded by men who are either deceived themselves or wish to deceive you. Mark under what pretenses you have been led on to the brink of insurrection and treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- production in other quarters and the consequent diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole effect of the tariff laws. The effect of those laws was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly exaggerated by the unfounded theory^ you were taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- tion to your exports, not to your consumption of imported articles. Your pride was roused by the assertions that a submission to these laws was a state of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers offered to the oppressive laws of Great Britain. Ton 185 were told that this opposition might be peaceably — ■ miglit be constitutionally made — that you might enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, to your State pride, to your native courage, to your sense of real injury, vi^ere used to prepare you for the period when the mask which concealed the hideous features of disuoton should be taken off. It fell, and you were made to look with complacency on objects which not long since you would have regarded with horror. Look back to the arts which have brought you to this state — look forward to the consequences to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to what was first told you as an inducement to enter into this dangerous course. The great political truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive — it was added that the right to nullify a law rested on the same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy ! This character v/hich was given to it, made you receive with too much confidence the assertions that were made of the -unconstitutionality of the law and its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that by the admission of your leaders the unconstitution ality must hQ palpable, or it will justify either resist- ance or nullification ! What is the meaning of the 136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. word palpable in the sense in which it is here used 1 — that which is apparent to every one, that which no man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is the unconstitutionality of these laws of that descrip- tion? Let those among your leaders who once approved and advocated the principles of protective duties, answer the question ; and let them choose whether they will be considered as incapable, then, of perceiving that which must have been apparent to every man of common understanding, or as imposing upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well on this circumstance, and you will know how to appreciate the exaggerated language they address to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat- ing the fame of our Revolutionary fathers, nor are you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You are free members of a flourishing and happy Union. There is no settled design to oppress you. You have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be removed. At the very moment when you were madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. 137 The nearly approaching payment of the public debt, and the consequent necessity of a diminution of duties, had already caused a considerable reduction, and that, too, on some articles of general consump- tion in your State. The importance of this change was underrated, and you were authoritatively told that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be expected, at the very time when the condition of the country imperiously demanded such a modification of the duties as sliould reduce them to a just and equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect of this change in allaying your discontents, you were precipitated into a fearful state in which you now find yourselves. I have urged you to look back to the means that were used to hurry you on to the position you have now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- plate the condition of that country of which you still form an important part ; consider its government uniting in one bond of common interest and general protection so many different States — giving to all their inhabitants the proud title of Ameeican citi- zens — protecting their commerce — securing their literature and arts — facilitating their intercommuni- cation — defending their frontiers — and making their name respected in the remotest parts of the earth 1 138 NATIONAL hand-booe:. Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and happy popnhition, its advance in arts, which render life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the mind! See education spreading the lights of religion, morality, and general information into every cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, we, TOO, AEE CITIZENS OF America — Carolina is one of these proud States her arms have defended — her best blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this happy Union we will dissolv^e — this picture of peace and prosperity we will deface — this free intercourse we will interrupt — these fertile fields we will deluge with blood— ^the protection of that glorious flag we renounce — the very name of Americans we discard. And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw away these inestimable blessings — for what would you exchange your share in the advantages and honor of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- pendence — a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts with your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- lishing a separation, what would be your situation ? Are you united at home — are you free from the 139 apprehension of civil discord, with all its fearful con- sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every day suifering some new revolution or contending with some new insurrection — do they excite your envy? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. The laws of the United States must be executed. I ]iave no discretionary power on the subject — my duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution, deceived you — they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by armed force, is treason. Are you really ready to incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences — on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall the punishment — on your unhappy State will inev- itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon the government of your country. It cannot accede to the mad project of disunion of which jou would be the first victims- — its first magistrate can not, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty — the con- sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 14:0 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov- ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have beheld our prospentj with a vexation they could not conceal — it was a standing refutation of their slavish doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the Rutledges, and of the thousand other names which adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will not abandon that Union to support which so many of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as you honor their memory — as you love the cause of freedom, to which they dedicated their lives — as you prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the disorganizing edict of its convention — bid its mem- bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided expressions of your wiU to remain in the path which alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and honor — tell them that compared to disunion, all other evils are light, because that brings with it an accumulation of all — declare that you will never take the held unless the star-spangled banner of your country shall float over you — that you will not be stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned 141 while jou live, as the authors of the first attack on the Constitution of jour country ! — its destroyers you can not be. You may disturb its peace — you may interrupt the course of its prosperity — you may cloud its reputation for stability — but its tranquillity will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the stain upon its national character will be transferred and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those who caused the disorder. Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of unhallowed disunion — the names of those, once re- spected, by whom it is uttered — the array of military force to support it — denote the approach of a crisis in our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps that of all free governments, may depend. The con- jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles of action ; and as the claim was asserted of a right by a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my opinions in relation to the origin and form of our government, and the construction I give to the instrument by which it was created, seemed to be proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 142 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. confidence on your undivided support in mj deter- mination to execute the laws — to preserve the Union by all constitutional means — to arrest, if possible, b^ moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heaven that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon our land, that it be not called down by any ofiensive act on the part of the United States. Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before you. On your undivided support of your govern- ment depends the decision of tlie great question it involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people shall be perpetuated. I^o one can doubt that the unanimity with whicli that decision will be expressed, will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, and the courage which it will bring to their defense, will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to our children. May the Great Euler of nations grant that the signal blessings with which He has favored ours may not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- dence bring those who have produced this crisis to see the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil PEESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 143 strife, and inspire a returning veneration for that Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His designs. He has chosen, as the only means of attain- ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably aspire. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, having signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde- pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. Andrew Jacksow. By the President. Edw. Livtngsoe, Secreta/ry of State, Ii4 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. MONEOE DOOTEmE. EXTEAOT FEOM PRESIDENT MONROE's A^'^TUAL MESSAGE, WASU- INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. The citizens of the United States cherish senti- ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep arations for our defence. With the movements in this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- ately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essen- tially different, in this respect, from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments. And to the defence of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blocd and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under MONEOE DOCTRINE. 145 wMch we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- able relations existing between the United States and those powers, to declare, that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But, with the Governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great con- sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an un- friendly disposition towards the United States. In the war between those new Governments and Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au-' thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- ponding change on the part of the United States, indispensable to their security. 146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. DEED SOOTT, PLAINTIFF IN EEEOE, VS. JOHN F. A. SANDFOED. This case was brought up bj writ of error, from the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Missouri. It was an action of trespass vi et armis instituted in the Circuit Court by Scott against Sanford. Prior to the institution of the present suit, an action was brought by Scott for his freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county, (State court,) where there was a verdict and judgment in his favor. On a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the State, the judgment below was reversed, and the case remanded to the Circuit Court, where it was continued to await the decision of the case now in question. The declaration of Scott contained three counts : one, that Sandford had assaulted the plaintiff; one, THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 147 that he had assaulted Harriet Scott, his wife ; and one, that he had assaulted Eliza Scott and Lizzie Scott, his children. Sandford appeared, and filed the following plea : ,i Deed Soott, vs. J- Plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court. John F. A. Sandfoed. Apeil Teem, 1854. And the said John F. A. Sandford, in his own proper person, comes and says that this court ought not to have or take further cognizance of the action aforesaid, because he says that said cause of action, and each and every of them, (if any such have ac- crued to the said Dred Scott,) accrued to the said Pred Scott out of the jurisdiction of this court, and exclusively within the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Missouri, for that, to wit : the said plain- tiff, Dred Scott, is not a citizen of the State of Mis- souri, as alleged in his declaration, because he is a negro of African descent ; his ancestors were of pure African blood, and were brought into this country and sold as negro slaves, and this the said Sandford is ready to verify. "Wherefore he prays judgment whether this court can or will take further cogni^ zance of the action aforesaid. John F. A. Sandford, 148 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. To this plea there was a demurrer in the usual form, which was argued in April, 1854, when the court gave judgment that the demurrer should be sustained. In May, 1854, the defendant, in pursuance of an^ agreement between counsel, and with the leave of the court, pleaded in bar of the action : 1. "Not guilty. 2. That the plaintiff was a negro slave, the law- ful property of the defendant, and, as such, the de- fendant gently laid his hands upon him, and thereby had only restrained him, as the defendant had a right to do. 3. That with respect to the wife and daughters of the plaintiff, in the second and third counts of the declaration mentioned, the defendant had, as to them, only acted in the same manner, and in virtue of the same legal right. In the first of these pleas, the plaintiff joined issue ; and to the second and thii-d filed replications alleging that the defendant, of his own wrong and without the cause in his second and third pleas alleged, committed the trespasses, etc. The counsel then filed the following agreed state- ment of facts, viz.: In the year 1834, the plaintiff was a negro slave belonging to Dr. Emerson, who was a surgeon in the THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 149 army of the United States. In that year, 1834, said Dr. Emerson took the plaintiff from the State of Missouri to the military post at Eock Island in the State of Illinois, and held him there as a slave until the month of April or May, 1836. At the time last mentioned, said Dr. Emerson removed the plantiff from said military post at Eock Island to the mili- tary post at Fort Snelling, situate on the west bank of the Mississippi river, in the Territory known as Upper Louisiana, acquired by the United States of France, and situate north of the latitude of thirty-sis degrees thirty minutes north, and north of the State of Missouri. Said Dr. Emerson held the plaintiff in slavery at said Fort Snelling, from said last-men- tioned date until the year 1838. In the year 1835, Harriet, who is named in the second count of the plaintiff's declaration, was the negro slave of Major Taliaferro, who belonged to the army of the United States. In that year, 1835, said Major Taliaferro took said Harriet to said Fort Snelling, a military post, situated as hereinbefore stated, and kept her there as a slave until the year 1836, and then sold and delivered her as a slave at said Fort Snelling unto the said Dr. Em- erson hereinbefore named. Said Dr. Emerson held said Harriet in slavery at said Fort Snelling until the year 1838. 150 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.. In the year 1836, the plaintiff and said Harriet, at said Fort Snelling, with the consent of said Dr. Emerson, who then claimed to be their master and owner, intermarried, and took each other for hus- band and wife. Ehza and Lizzie, named in the third count of the plaintiff's declaration, are the fruit of that marriage. Eliza is about fourteen years old, and was born on board the steamboat Gipsey, north of the north line of the State of Missouri, and upon the river Mississippi. Lizzie is about seven years old, and was born in the State of Missouri, at the mili- tary post called Jefferson Barracks. In the year 1838, said Dr. Emerson removed the plaintiff and said Harriet and their said daughter Eliza, from said Fort Snelling to the State of Mis- souri, where they have ever since resided. Before the commencement of this suit, said Dr. Emerson sold and conveyed the plaintiff, said Har- riet, Eliza, and Lizzie, to the defendant, as slaves, and the defendant has ever since claimed to hold them and each of them as slaves. At the times mentioned in the plaintiff's declara- tion, the defendant claiming to be owner as aforesaid, laid his hands upon said plaintiff, Harriet, Eliza, and Lizzie, and imprisoned them, doing in this respect, however, no more than what he might lawfully do if they were of right his slaves at such times. THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 151 Furtlier proof may be given on the trial for either party. It is agreed that Dred Scott brought suit for his freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county ; that there was a verdict and judgment in his favor ; that on a writ of error to the Supreme Court, the judgment below was reversed, and the same re- manded to the Circuit Court, where it has been con- tiuued to await the decision of this case. In May, 1854, the cause went before a jury, who found the following verdict, viz.: " As to the first issae joined in this case, we of the jury find the de- fendant not guilty ; and as to the issue secondly above joiued, we of the jury fiud that before and at the time when, &c., in the first count mentioned, the said Dred Scott was a negro slave, the lawful property of the defendant ; and as to the issue thirdly above joined, we, the jury, find that before and at the time when, &c., in the second and third counts mentioned, the said Harriet, wife of said Dred Scott, and Eliza and Lizzie, the daughters of the said Dred Scott, were negra slaves, the lawful property of the defendant." thereupon the court gave judgment for the de- fendant. After an ineffectual motion for a new trial, the plainiiff filed the following bill of exceptions. On the trial of this cause by the jury, the plain- 152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. tiff, to maintain the issnes on his part, read to the jury the following agreed statment of facts, (see agreement above.) 'No further testimony was given to the jury by either party. Thereupon the plaintiff moved the court to give to the jury the following instruction, viz.: " That upon the facts agreed to by the parties,- they ought to find for the plaintiff. The court re- fused to give such instruction to the jury, and the plaintiff', to such refusal, then and there duly ex- cepted." The court then gave the following instruction to the jury, on motion of the defendant : " The jury are instructed, that upon the facts in this case, the law is with the defendant." The plaintiff excepted to this instruction. Upon these exceptions, the case came up to this court. It was argued at December term, 1855, and or- dered to be reargued at the present term. The opinion of the court, as delivered bj Chief Justice Taney, being so lengthy, we omit all but the summing up, to wit: Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us, that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which tliat word is used in the Con- THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 153 stitution ; and that tlie Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judg- ment for the defendant must, consequently, bo reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. J^54: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENTS AND VIOE-PEESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. WITH THE VOTE FOR EACH CANDIDATE FOE OFFICE. BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. FmsT Congress, Sept. 5, 1774. Peyton Ran- dolpli, of Yirginia, President. Bom in Virginia, in 1723, died at Philadelpiiia, Oct. 22, 1TS5. Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary. Born in Ireland, 1730, died in Pennsylvania, Aug. 16, 1824. Second Congress, May 10, 1775. Peyton Randolph, President. Resigned May 24, 1775. John Hancock, of Massachusetts, elected his successor. He was born at Quincy, Mass., 1737, died Oct. 8, 1793. He was President of Congress until October, 1777. Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, President from ITov. 1, 1777, to Dec. 1778. He was born at Charleston, S. C, 1724, died in South Carolina, Dec, 1792. John Jay, of ISTew York, President from Dec. 10, PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENTS. 155 1778, to Sept. 27, 1779. He was born in l^ew York City, Dec. 12, 1745, died at ISTew York, May 17, 1829. Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, President from Sept. 28, 1779, until July 10, 1781. He was born in Connecticut, in 1732, died 1796. Thos. McKean, of Pennsylvania, President from July 1781, until 'Nov. 5, 1781. He was born in Pennsylvania, March 19, 1784, died at Philadelphia, June 24, 1817. John Hanson, of Maryland, President from ISTov. 5, 1781, to Nov, 4, 1782. Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, President from N'ov. 4, 1782, until Feb. 4, 1783. life was born at Philadelphia, May 2, 1740, died 1824. Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, President from Feb. 4, 1783, to E'ov. 30, 1784. Born at Philadel- phia, 1744, died in the same city, Jan. 21, 1800. Eichard Henry Lee, of Virginia, President from JSTov. 30, 1784, to "Nov. 23, 1785. He was born in Virginia, 1732, died 1794. John Hancock, of Massachusetts, President from Nov. 23, 1785, to June 6, 1786. E'athaniel Gorham, of Massachusetts, President from June 6, 1786, to Feb. 2, 1787. He was born at Charlestown, Mass., 1738, died June 11, 1796. Arthur St. Clair, of Pennsylvania^ President from Feb. 2, 1787, to Jan. 28, l^^ 88. He was born in Edinburgh, Scothind, , died in 1818. Cyrus Griffin, of Virgirda, President from Jan. 28, 1788, to the end of the Congress under the 156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Confederation, March 3, 1789. He was born in England, 1748, died in Virginia, 1810. UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 1789 to 1793. — George Washington, of Virginia, inaugurated as President of the United States, April 30, 1789. He was born upon Wakefield estate, Virginia, Feb. 22, (11th old style,) 1732, died at Mount Yernon, Dec. 14, 1799. John Adams, of Massachusetts, Yice-President. Born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, 1735, died July 4, ,1826, near Quincy, Mass. Electoral vote. — Geo. Washington, 69 ; John Adams, 34 ; John Jay, l^ew York, 9 ; E. H. Har- rison, Maryland, 6 ; John Rutledge, South Carolina, 6 ; John Hancock, Massachusetts, 4 ; Geo. Clinton, 'J^ew York, 3 ; Sam'l Huntingdon, Connecticut, 2 ; •John Milton, Georgia, 2 ; James Armstrong, Georgia, 1 ; Edward Telfair, Georgia, 1 ; Benj. Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1 — Total, 69. Ten States voted, — Khode Island, E'ew York, and N'orth Caro- lina not voting, not having ratified the Constitution in time. 1793 to 1797.— George Washington, President, inaugurated March 4, 1793. John Adams, Yice-President. Electokal ' VOTE. — Gco. Washington, 132 ; John Adams, 77 ; Geo. Clinton, 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Yir- gia, 4; Aaron Burr, ISTew York, 1. — Total, 132. Fifteen States voted. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 157 1797 to 1801. — Jolin, Adams President, inaiigii- lated March 4, 1797. , Thomas Jefferson, of Yirginia, Yice-President. Born at Shadwell, Yirginia, April 13, 1743, died at Monticello, Yirginia, July 4, 1826. Electoral vote. — John Adams, 71 ; Thomas Jefferson, 68 ; Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina, 59 ; Aaron Burr, 30 ; Sam'l Adams, Massachusetts, 15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 11 ; Geo. Clin- ton, 7 ; John Jay, 5 ; James Iredell, North Carolina, 3 ; George Washington, 2 ; John Henry, Maryland, 2 ; S. Johnson, ISTorth Carolina, 2 ; Charles C. Pinckney, South Carolina, 1. — Total 138, Sixteen States voting. 1801 to 1805. — Thomas Jefferson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1801. Aaron Burr, of New York Yice-President. Born at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756, died at Staten Island, K Y., Sept. 14, 1836. Electoral vote. — Thos. Jefferson, 73 ; Aaron Burr, 73 ; John Adams, 65 ; Chas. C. Pinckney, 64 ; John Jay 1. — Total, 13. Sixteen States voting. There was no choice by the Electoral colleges, and the election was carried into the House of Pepresen- tatives, and upon the 36th ballot, ten States voted for Jefferson, four States for Aaron Burr, and two States in blank. Jefferson was declared to be elected President, and Burr Yice-President. The Constitu- tion was then amended, so that the Yice-President was voted for separately, instead of being the second on the vote for President. 158 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 1805 to 1809. — Thomas Jefferson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1805. George Clinton, of New York, Yice-Presideut. He was born in Ulster county, N. T., 1739, died in Washington, D. C, April 20, 1812. Electokal vote. — For President, Thos. Jefferson 162 ; Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 14.— Total, 176. Seven States voting. For Yice-President, George Clinton, 162 ; Eufus King, New York, 14. 1809 to 1813. — James Madison, of Yirginia, President, inaugurated March 4, 1809. He was born March 16, 1751, in Prince George county, Ya., and died at Montpelier, Ya., June 28, 1836. George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President, until his death, April 20, 1812. Electoral vote. — For President, James Madi- son, 122 ; Geo. Clinton, 6 ; C. C. Pincknev, 47.— Total, 175. Seventeen States voting. For Yice- President, George Clinton, 113 ; James Madison, 3 ; James Monroe, Yirginia, 3 ; John Langdon, New Hampshire, 9 ; Rufus King, New York, 47. 1813 to 1817. — James Madison, of Yirginia, Presi- dent, inaugurated March 4, 1813. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Yice-President, until his death, Nov. 23, 1814. He was born at Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 1744, and died at "Washington, D. C. Electoral vote. — For President, James Madi- son, 128 ; De Witt Clinton, New York, 89.— Total, 217. Eighteen States voting. For Yice-President, Elbridge Gerry, 131 ; Jared Ingersoll, Pa., 86. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENTS, 159 1817 to 1821. — James Monroe, of Yirginla, Presi- dent, inaugurated March 4, 1817. He was born in Westmoreland county, Ya., 1759, and died in 'New York, July 4, 1831. " Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Yice-Presi- dent. Born June 21, 1774, at Fox Meadows, K Y., and died at Staten Island, June 11, 1825. Electoral vote. — For President, James Monroe, 183 ; Eufus King, 34.— Total, 221. E"ineteen States voting. For Yiee-President, Daniel D. Tompkins, 183 ; Jolm Eager Howard, Maryland, 22 ; James Ross, Pennsylvania, 5 ; Jolm Marshall, Yirginia, 4 ; Hobt. Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 3. 1821 to 1825. — James Monroe, President, inaugu- rated March 4, 1821. Daniel D. Tompkins, Yice-President. Electoral vote. — For President, James Monroe, 231 ; John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 1. — Total, 232. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-Presi- dent, Daniel D. Tompkins, 218 ; Richard Stockton, JSTew Jersey, 8 ; Robert G. Harper, 1 ; Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, 1 ; Daniel Rodney, Delaware, 1. 1825 to 1829. — John Quincy Adams, of Massa- chusetts, President, inaugurated March 4, 1825. He was born at Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767, and died at Washington City, Feb. 23, 1848. John Caldwell Calhoun, of South Carolina, Yice- President. Born in Abbeville district, S. C, March* 18, 1782, and died March 31, 1850, in Washington City. Popular vote. — For President, John Quincy 160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Adams, 105,321 ; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 152,899; Wm. H. Crawford, Georgia, 47,265; Henrj Clay, Kentucky, 47,087. Electoral vote. — For President Andrew Jack- Bon, 99 ; John Quincy Adams, 84 ; Wm. 11. Craw- ford, 41 ; Henry Clay, 37.— Total, 261. Twenty- four States voting. There being no choice by the Electoral colleges, the vote was taken into the House of Representa- tives. Adams received the votes of thirteen States, Jackson seven, and Crawford four. John Quincy Adams was therefore declared elected President. For Yice-President, the Electoral vote was John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 182 ; I^athan San- ford, 'New York, 30 ; ISTathaniel Macon, Georgia, 24 ; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 13 ; Martin Yan Buren, Kew York, 9 ; Henry Clay, Kentucky, 2. 1829 to 1833. — Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated March 4, 1829. He was born in Mecklenburg county, K C, March 15, 1767, and died at the HermitagCj Tenn., June 8, 1845. John Caldwell Calhoun, Yice-President, until his resignation, Dec. 28, 1832. PopuLAE vote. — For President, Andrew Jackson, 650,028 ; John Quincy Adams, 512,158. Electoral vote. — Fo;* President, Andrew Jack- eon, 178 ; J. Q. Adams, 83.— Total, 261. Twenty- four States voting. For Yice-President, John C. Calhoun, 171 ; Eichard Eush, Pentisylvania, 83 ; Wm. Smith, South Carolina, 7. PRESIDENTS AND VI0E-PRE3IDENTS. 161 1833 to 1837 — Andrew Jackson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1833. Martin Van Buren, of l^ew York, Yice-Presi- dent. He was born at Kinderhook, I^. Y., Dec. 5, 1782. PopiJLAE VOTE. — For President, Andrew Jackson, 687,502 ; Henry Clay, 550,189 ; Opposition, (John Floyd, Virginia, and'Wm. Wirt, Maryland,) 33,108. Electoral vote. — For President, Andrew Jack- son, 219 ; Henry Clay, 49 ; John Floyd, 11 ; Wm. Wirt, 7.— Total 288. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-President, Martin Yan Buren, 189 ; John Sergeant, Pennsylvania, 49 ; William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, 30 ; Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11 ; Amos Ellmaker, Pennsylvania, 7. 1837 to 1841. — Martin Yan Buren, President, inaugurated March 4, 1837. Pichard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- dent. He was born in 1780, and died Nov. 19, 1850. Popular vote. — For President, Martin Yan Buren, 762,149 ; Opposition, (Wm. H. Harrison, Hugh L. White, Daniel Webster, W. P. Mangum,) 736,736. Electoral vote. — For President, Martin Yan Buren, 170 ; Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio, 73 ; Hugh L. White, Tennessee, 26 ; Daniel Webster, Massachu- setts, 14 ; W. P. Mangum, 11.— Total, 294. Twenty- six States voting. For Yice-President,. Pichard M. Johnson, Ken- tucky, 147 ; Francis Granger, ]^ew York, 77 ; John Tyler, Yir^inia, 47 ; Wm. Smith, Alabama, 23. 162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 1841 to 1845 — Wm. Henry Harrison, of Ohio, President, until his death, at "Washington, April 4, 1841. lie was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He was born in Berkeley county, Ya., Feb. 9, 1773. Jolm Tyler, of Virginia, Yice-President. He was born April, 1790, at Greenway, Charles City county, Ya. John Tyler, of Yirginia, became President by the death of W. H. Harrison. He took the oath of office April 6, 1841. Popular vote — ]N'ov. 1840. — For President, Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783; Martin Yan Buren, 1,128,702 ; James G. Birney, JSTew York, (Abolition,) 7,609. Electoral vote. — For President, W. H. Harri- son, 234; M. Yan Buren, 60.— Total, 294. Twenty- six States voting. For Yice-President, John Tyler, 234; Eichard M. Johnson, 48 ; L. W. Tazewell, South Carolina, 11 ; James K. Polk, Tennessee, 1. 1845 to 1849. — James Knox Polk, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated March 4, 1845. He was born in Mecklenburg county, ISTorth Carolina, 'Nov, 2, 1795, and died at JSTashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. George Mifflin Dallas, of Pennsylvania, Yice- President. Born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. Popular vote. — For President, James K. Polk, 1,335,834; Henry Clay, 1,297,033; James G. Birney, 62,290. Electoral vote. — For President, James K. Polk, PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PEESIDENT8. 163 irO; Henry Claj, 105.— Total, 275. Twenty-six States voting. For Yice-President, George M. Dallas, 170; Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, 105. 184:9 to 1853. — Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, President, inaugurated March 4, 184-9. Born in Virginia, 1784, died in Washington City, July 9, 1850. Millard Fillmore, of 'New York, Yice-President. Born in Locke townsliip, Caynga county, JS^. Y., Jan. 7, 1800. Millard Fillmore, President, after the death of Zachary Taylor, July 9, 1850. He took the oath of office, July 10, 1850. Popular vote. — For President, Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031; Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1,222,445; Martin Yan Buren, (Free-Soil,) 291,455. Electoral vote. — For President, Zachary Taylor, 163 ; Lewis Cass, 127.— Total, 290. Thirty States voting. For Yice-President, Millard Fillmore, 163 ; Wil- liam O. Butler, Kentucky, 127. 1853 to 1857.— Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- shire, President, inaugurated March 5, 1853. He was born at Hillsboro, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. William li. King, of Alabama, Yice-President. He was born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786, died at Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. Popular vote. — For President, Franklin Pierce, 1,590,490; Winfield Scott, 1,378,589; John P. Hale, ITew Hampshire, (Abolition,) 157,296. 164 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Electoral vote. — For President, Franklin Pierce, 254 ; Winiield Scott of l^ew Jersey, 42.— Total, 296. Thirty-one States voting. For Yice President, "Wm. E. King, 254 ; Wm. A. Graham, Morth Carolina, 42. 1857 to 1861. — James Buchanan, of Pennsyl- vania, President. He was born at Stony Batter, Franklin county, Penn., April 22, 1791. John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- dent. Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Jan. 21, 1820. Popular vote. — For President, James Buchanan, Pemocratic.) 1,832,232; John C. Fremont, Cali- fornia, (Eepublican,) 1,341,514; Millard Fillmore, New York, (American,) 874,707. Electoral vote. — For President, James Bu- chanan, 174 ; John C. Fremont, 109 ; Millard Fill- more, 8. — Total, 291. Thirty-one States voting. For Yice-President, John Breckenridge, 174; "Wm. L. Dayton, JSTew Jersey, 109 ; A. J. Donelson, Tennessee, 8.— Total, 291. 1861 to 1865. — Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, President, inaugurated March 4, 1861. He was born near Muldraugh's Hill, Hardin county, Ky., Feb. 1809. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Yice-President. ■He was born at Paris, Oxford county. Me., Aug. 27, 1809. Popular vote. — For President, Abraham Lin- coln, (Eepublican,) 1,857,610 ; Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, (Democratic,) 1,365,976 ; John C. Breck- PEESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 165 enridge, of Kentucky, (Democratic,) 847,953 ; John Bell, of Tennessee, (Constitutional Union,) 590,631. Electoral vote. — For President, Abraham Lin- coln, 180; John C. Breckenridge, 72; John Bell, 39; Stephen A.Douglas, 12.— Total, 291. Thirty- three States voting. For Yice-President, Hannibal Hamlin, Maine, 180 ; Joseph Lane, Oregon, 72 ; Edward Everett, Massachusetts, 39 ; Herschel Y. Johnson, Georgia, 12. 1865 to 1869.— Abraham Lincoln, President, inaugurated March 4, 1865. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Yice-President. Popular vote. — For President, Abraham Lincoln, (Republican), 3,213,035; George B. McClellan, (Democrat,) 1,811,754. States not Yoting (Civil War.) — Ala., Ark., FJa., Ga., La., Miss., N. Ca., S. Ca., Tenn., Texas, and Ya. Electoral Yote. — For President, Abraham Lin- coln, 212 ; George B. McClellan, 21. For Yice-President, Andrew Johnson, 212. Upon the assassination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, Andrew Johnson, tlien Yice-Presi- dent, assumed the Presidency, and Lafayette S. Foster, of Norwich, Conn., President of the Senate, became Yice-President. 1869 to 1873.— Ulysses S. Grant, of 111., President. Born at Mount Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Schuyler Colfax, of Ind., Yice-President. Born in New York city. May 22, 1823. Popular vote. — Ulysses S. Grant, 3,012,833'; Horatio Seymour, 2,703,249. States not Yoting — Ya., Miss., and Texas. Electoral vote. — Ulysses Grant, 214 ; Horatio Seymour, 80. 166 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULAE NAMES OF STATES. Yirginia, the Old Dominion. Massaclmsetts, the Bay State. Maine, the Border State. Ehode Island, Little Ehodj. New York, the Empire State. New Hampshire, the Granite State. Vermont, the Green Mountain State. Connecticut, the Land of Steady Habits. Pennsylvania, the Keystone State. North Carolina, the Old North State. Ohio, the Buckeye State. South Carolina, the Palmetto State. Michigan, the Wolverine State. Kentucky, the Corn-Cracker. Delaware, the Blue Hen's Chicken. Missouri, the Puke State. Indiana, the Hoosier State. Illinois, the Sucker State. Iowa, the Hawkeye State. "Wisconsin, the Badger State. Florida, the Peninsular State. Texas, the Lone Star State. Mississippi, the Bayou State. Louisiana, the Creole State. Tennessee, the Big Bend State. Arkansas, the Bear State. California, the Golden State. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT. 167 STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT of the united states, for thirteen years, ending june 1st, 1872. July 1st, 1860 $64,709,703.08 " 1861 90,867,828.08 " 1862 514,211,371.92 " 1863 1,098,793,181.37 " 1864 1,740,090,489.49 " 1805 2,082,593,026.53 " 1866 2,783,425,789.21 " 1867 •. 2,692,199,215.12 June" 1868 2,510,245,886.74 Dec. " 1869 2,453,559,735.23 June" 1870 2,406,562,371.00 " " 1871 2,397,740,148.63 *' " 1872 2,295,833,523.97 Public Debt of the Leading Nationalities. From the following statement it will be seen that the debt of the United States is less oppressive than that of any other country in proportion to its terri- tory and population. Our average is based on the debt of June 1st, 1870, and the estimated population : 1866-67. Sq. Miles, Population. Debt. Av. per hd. Austria 236,311 37,931,000 $1,459,858,845 $38.49 Belgium 11,267 4,984,000 141,584,033 28.40 France 207,480 38,092,000 2,598,659,600 68.10 Great Britain... 112,190 29,935,000 4,014,214,745 134.89 Holland 13,464 3,636,000 392,595,832 107.97 Italy 98,154 22,483,000 1,355,081,632 60.27 Portugal 30,312 4,350,000 188,850,238 45.71 Prussia 107,185 19,304,000 210,015,320 10.91 Spain 190,325 10,287,000 819,037,350 50.32 United States.. 2,819,811 38,000,000 2,453,559,735 64.57 168 NATION AI, HAND-BOOK. NEUTEALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, AS AMENDED AND APPEOVED BY 00NGEE6S, JULY 26, 1866. A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela- tions of the United States. Be it enacted^ c&c, That if any citizen of the United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- ple in war by land or by sea against any prince. State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, the person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender may be convicted. Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That if any NETJTEALITT LAW. 169 pei'son shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the service of any foreign prince. State, colony, district or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such offender shall be convicted; provided that this act shall not be construed to extend to any subject or citizen of any foreign prince. State, colony, district or people, who shall transiently be within tlie United States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of its arrival within the United States, was fitted and equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire^or retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself, to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people. Sec. 3. And he it further enacted, That if any person shall within the limits of the United States fit out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or property of any foreign prince. State, or any colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender shall be convicted ; and every NEUTRALITY LAW. 171 sucli ship and vessel, witli her tackle, apparel and furniture, together with all materials, arms^ ammu- nition and stores which may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited to the United States of America. Sec. 4. A^id he it ftcrther enacted, That it shall be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize such ships and vessels in such places and in such manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- powered to make seizures under the law for the col- lection and protection of the revenue, and that every such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- nition and stores which may belong to or be on board such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned for the violation of the provisions of this act in like manner as ships or yessels may be prosecuted and condemned for any breach of the laws made for the collection and protection of the revenue. Sec. 5. And he it furtJier enacted, That if any person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con- cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. at the time of her arrival within the United States was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of any such prince, State, colony, district or people, the^ same being at war with any foreign prince. State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall have on board any person or persons who shall have enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment, or either of them, at the discretion of the court in which such offender shall be convicted. Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That the Dis- trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made within the waters of the United States or within a marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. Sec. 7. And he it further enacted^ That in every NEUTRALITY LAW. 173 case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed. or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as before defined, and in every case in which any pro- cess issuing out of any court of the United States shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or citizens of any foreign prince. State, or of any colony, district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have empowered for that purpose to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States or of the militia thereof, for the purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. Sec. 8. A^id he it futher enacted^ That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such person as he shall empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 174: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the United States in all cases in which, by the laws of nations or the treaties of the United States they ought not to remain within the United States. Sec. 9. And he it further enacted^ That offences made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the jurisdiction of the Uuited States, may be prosecuted and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the offences prohibited by this act. Sec. 10. And he it further enacted^ That noth- ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit citizens of the United States from selling vessels, ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or materials or munitions of war, the growth or product of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to Governments not at war with the United States : provided that the operation of this section of this act shall be suspended by the President of the United States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with any foreign nation may in liis judgment require it. Sec. 11. And he it further enacted^ That noth- ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any NEUTEALITY LAW. 175 jiracj or other felony defined by the laws of the United States. Sec. 12. And he it further enacted, That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The acts forbidden herein are hereby repealed. UNITED STATES CENSUS FOE 1870; With the Population of each Decade for Half a Century. New York.. 4,370,846 3,880,735 3,097,394 2,428,921 1,918,608 1,372,111 Penusylvca.. 3,511,543 2,906,215 2,311,786 1,724,033 1,348,233 1,047,507 Ohio 2,652,302 2,339,511 1,980,329 1,519,467 937,903 581 295 Illinois §,529,410 1,711,951 851,470 476,133 157,445 55,161 Missouri. .. 1,691,693 1,182 012 682,044 383,702 140,455 66,557 Indiana 1,655,675 1,350,428 988,416 685,866 343,031 147,178 Mas-achus . 1,457,351 1,231,066 994.514 737,699 610,408 523,159 Kentucky . . 1,320,407 1,155,684 982,405 779,828 687,917 564,135 Tennessee.. 1,225,937 1,109,801 1,002 717 829.210 .681,904 422,761 Virginia. .. 1,211,442 1,596,318 1,421,661 1,239,797 1,211.405 1,065.129 Michigan... 1,184,653 749,113 397.654 212,267 31,639 8,765 Iowa 1,181,359 674,913 192,214 43,112 Georgia 1,174,832 1,057,286 906,185 691,392 516,823 340,983 Wisconsin . 1,055 501 775 881 .305,391 30,945 N. Carolina 1,016.954 992,622 869,039 753,419 737,987 638,829 Alabama... 996,175 964,201 771,623 590,756 309,527 127,901 N. Jersey . . 903,014 672,035 489,5.55 373,306 320,823 277,426 Mississippi 842,056 791,305 616,526 375,651 136,621 75,443 Texas 795,500 604.215 212,592 ^ ...r... Maryland . . 790,095 687,049 583,034 470,019 447,040 407,350 Louisiana.. 734,420 708,002 517,762 342.411 215,739 152 923 S. Carolina. 705,789 703,708 668,507 594,398 581,185 502,741 Maine 628,719 628,279 583,169 501,793 399,455 298,269 California.. 549,808 379.994 92,597 Connecticut 537,417 460,147 370,792 309,978 297.675 2-5,102 Arkansas. . . 473,174 435,450 209,897 ^,oU 30,388 14,255 WestVa.... 441,094 Minnesota.. 424,543 172.023 6,077 Kansas 379,497 330.582 107,206 315,098 314,120 291,848 280,652 , Vermont... 235 749 N. Hamps'e 317,710 326.073 317,976 284,574 269,328 241,022 Rhode IsPd 217,356 174,620 147,545 108,830 97,199 83,015 Florida.... 189,995 140,424 87,445 54,477 34,730 \ Delaware... 125,015 112,216 91,532 78,085 76,748 72,749 Nebraska . . 116,888 28,841 1 Oregon 90,878 52,465 13,294 Nevada 42,456 6857 33,039 Dis. Colum. 131,706 750,80 51,687 43,712 39,834 Territories. 288,161 184,497 72,927 Total Union. 38,538,180 31,443,321 2.3,191,876 17,069,453 12,866,020 9,638,191 TERRITORIES. New Mexico, 86,122 Washington, 23,925 Dakota, 14,181 Utah, 70,000 Montana 20,594 Arizona, 9,658 Colorado, 39,681 Idaho, 14,882 Wyoming, 9,118 CENSUS OF 1870. Population of 100 Large Cities of the United States. OFFICIAL— From the Advance Sheets of the Census Bureau, at Washington, D. C. 10. 11. 1-2. 13. 14. 15. 16. n. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 30. 37. 38. 3!). 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 146. 47. 48. 49. 50. New York, N. Y 942,946 Philadelphia, Pa 674,u22 Brooklyn, N. Y 396,300 St. Louis, Mo 312.963 Chicago, 111 298,983 Baltimore, Mel 267.354 Boston, Mass 25i>,526 Cincinnati. O 216.239 New Orleans, La 191,322 San Francisco, Cal 149.482 Buffalo, N.Y... 117,715 Washington, D. C 109,204 Newark, N. J 105,078 Louisville, Ky 100,754 Cleveland, O 92,846 Pittsburg, Pa 86,235 Jersey City, N. J 81.744 Detroit, Mich 79,580 Milwaukee, Wis 71,499 Albany, N. Y 69,422 Providence, R. 1 68,906 Rochester, N.Y 62,385 Alleghany City, Pa 53.181 Richmond, Va 51,038 New Haven, Conn 50,840 Charleston, S. C 48,9i;6 Troy, N.Y 40,471 Syracuse, N.Y 43,051 Worcester, Mass 41,105 Lowell, Mass 40,928 Memphis, Tenu . : 40,226 Cambridge, Mass , 39,634 Hartford, Conn 37,180 Indianapolis, Ind... ... 41,600 Scranton, Pa , 35,093 Reading, Pa. .,.,.,, „„.. ... . , 33,932 Columbus, O, ,.,.,. ., 33,745 Patterson, N.; J ..,.. 33,582 Dayton, O...... ,...,.. . 32,579! Kansas ^City, Mo....,.,.,.,' .S2,2H0. Mobile,'^- Ala. . . , .,.-. ........ 32,084' Portland,-. Me . .-..,.. ...r. . .-. 31 ,414 Wilmington, Del.-.,.....,.,. 30,841i Lawrence, Mass.-^r^-.-.^,-.-^ 28,921' Utica,N. Y,..T.-..-x....... 28,804 Toledo. O.. .■..-.-., 28,546 Charlestown, Mass, .... ;ton was inauo^urated first President of these United States, when the rights of the Southern States stood firmer under the laws of the land than they do now ; there never was a time when they had not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day. What good cause have they now that has not existed under every Administration ? If they say the Territorial question — now, for the first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have they ? The slavery question is a mere excuse. The election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present secession movement is the result of an enormous con- spiracy formed more than a year since— formed by leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than twelve months ago. 182 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. They use the Slavery question as a means to aid the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote, in order to show that the two sections cannot live together. When the history of the two years from the Lecbmpton charter down to the Presidential election shall be written, it will be shown that the scheme was deliberately made to break up this Union. They desired a Northern Eepublican to be elected by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact as a reason why the sections may not longer live together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi- dential contest had carried the united South, their scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South and divided North hold it. That scheme was defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in several of the Southern States. Put this is no time for a detail of causes. The conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two sides to the question. Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neu- trals in this war ; only patriots — or traitors. Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques- tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a SPEECH OP HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 183 united South against a divided IN'ortli. Tliey hoped in the JSTorthern States, party questions would bring civil war between Democrats and ^Republicans, when the South would step in with her cohorts, aid ona party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil war in the JN'orth. There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois it is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when the question comes of war in the cotton-fields of the South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther off the better. We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn fact that war does exist. The Government must be maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed, and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember certain restraints on our action even in time of war. We are a Christian people, and the war must be prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian nations. ^ We must not invade Constitutional rights. The innocent must not suffer, nor women and children be the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But 184 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will im])lore my countrymen not to lay down their arms until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.) The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth- right, and I am ready to enforce that inalienable ri^ht to the last extent. We can not reco2:nize seces- sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only dissolved government, but you have destroyed social order — upturned the foundations of society. You have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will shortly experience all the horrors of the French Revolution. Then we have a solemn duty — to maintain the Government. The greater our unanimity, tlie speedier the day of peace. We have prejudices to overcome from the few short months since of a fierce party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to the origin of these difficulties. When we shall have again a country with the United States flag floating over it, and respected on every inch of American soil, it will then be time enough to ask who and what brought all this upon us. I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries of " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis- astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 185 conviction before God, that it is the duty of every American citizen to rally round the flag of his country. I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra- tion. By it you show you have laid aside party strife. Illinois has a proud position — United, firm, determined never to permit the Government to be destroyed. (Prolonged cheering.) 186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PRESIDENT LINOOLFS FIEST CALL FOR TROOPS. ATEiL 15th, 1861. Whereas^ the laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth the Militia of the several States of the Union to the aggregate number of 75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. The details for this object will be immediately comnmnicated to the State authorities through the 187 War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union ; and in every event the utmost care wil] be observed, consistently with the objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the country ; and I hereby command the persons compos- ing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty days from this date. Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu- tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena- tors and Eepresentatives are, therefore, summoned to assemble at their respective chambers at twelve o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and interest may seem to demand. 183 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ- ence of the United States the eighty-fifth. Abraham Lincoln. J3y the President. William H. Sewaed, Secretary of State, TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE DURING THE REBELLION. The various calls of the President for men were as follows : 1861, — 3 months' men, 75,000 1861,-3 years' men, . 500,000 1862,-3 years' men, . 300,000 1862, — 9 months' men, 300,000 1864, — 3 years' men, February, . 500,000 1864, — 3 years' men, March, 200,000 1864,-3 years' men, July, 500,000 1864, — 3 years' men, December, 300,000 Total, 2,675,000 These do not include the militia that were brought into service during the various invasions of Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania.* N. T. flHOTBEE OF COMMEKCE EESOLTJTIOM. 1S9 EESOLUTIONS OF THE N. Y. OHAMBEE OF OOMMEEOE. SUSTAINING THE FEDEEAL GOVERNMENT AND URGING A STEIOT BLOCKADE OF SOUTHEEN POETS, APEIL 19tH, 1861. Whereas^ Our country lias, in the course of events, reached, a crisis unprecedented in its past history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv- ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas^ The President of the United States has, by his Proclama- tion, made known the dangers which threaten the stability of Government, and called upon the people to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and Whereas^ The merchants of IN^ew York, represented in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results which may flow from the present exposed state of national aifairs, as well as a jealous regard for the honor of that flag under whose protection they have extended the commerce of this city to the remotest part of the world ; therefore, 190 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ResoVced^ That this Chamber, alive to the perils which have been gathering around oiir cherished form of Government and menacing its overthrow, has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina- tion of the President to maintain the Constitution and vindicate the supremacy of Government and law at every hazard. (Cheers.) Resolved^ That the so-called secession of some ot the Southern States having at last culminated in open war against the United States, the American people can no longer defer their decision between anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the other liberty, order, and law under the most benign Government the world has ever known. Resolmed^ That this Chamber, forgetful of past differences of political opinion among its members, will, wdth unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the Government in this great crisis: and it hereby pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili- tate its financial operations. It also confidently appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts. (Applause.) Resolved^ That while deploring the advent of civil war which has been precipitated on the country by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per- suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that it should be met by the most prompt and energetic N. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 191 measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov- ernment the instant adoption and prof^ecution of a policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush put treason now and forever. (Applause.) Resolved^ That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov- ernment, is not only without the sanction of public law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions, to despoil our commerce and that of all other maritime nations. (Applause.) Hesol'ded^ That in view of this threatening evil, it is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning all persons, that privateering under the commissions proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other maritime nations, who have a right to demand that the CTnited States Government shall promptly discoun- tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block- ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.) 192 NATIONAL hand-booe:. Eesolmd, That the Secretary be directed to send copies of these resohitions to the Chambers of Com- merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in such measures as may be deemed effective in strengthening the hands of Government in this emergency. Resolved^ That a copy of these resolutions, duly attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded to the President of the United States. BLOCKADE EESOLUTIONS. Whereas^ "War against the Constitution and Gov- ernment of these United States has been commenced, and is carried on by certain combinations of indi- viduals, assuming to act for States at the South claiming to have seceded from the United States ; and ^Tiereas^ Such combinations have officially pro- mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels, to act under their authorization, and as so-called " privateers," against the flag and commerce of the United States ; therefore, Resol/Ded^ by the Chamber of Commerce of the State of ]S"ew York, That the United States Govern- ment be recommended and urged to blockade the ports of such States, or any other State that shall N. T. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 193 join them, and that this measure is demanded for defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce of the United States against these so-called '' priva- teers " invited to enrol under the authority of such States. Resolved^ That the Chamber of Commerce of the State of ITew York pledges its hearty and cor- dial support to such measures as the Government of the United States may, in its wisdom, inaugurate and carry through in the blockade of such Dorts. 194 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. A PEOOLAMATION, BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE TrNITED STATES OF AMEBIOA, BLOCKADING THE SOUTHEKN POETS. Whereas an insurrection against the Government of tlie United States lias broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis- sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the United States for the collection of the revenue can not be efficiently executed therein conformably to that provision of the Constitution which requires duties to be uniform throughout the United States : And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pre- tended letters of marque to authorize the bearers thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and property of good citizens of the country lawfully engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters of the United States ; And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has BLOCKADE PEOCLAMATION. 195 been already issued, requiring the persons engaged in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress- ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi- nary session to deliberate and determine thereon : "Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, with a view to the same pur- poses before mentioned, and to the protection of the public peace, and the lives and property of quiet and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa- tions, until Congress shall have assembled and deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or until the same shall have ceased, have further deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States and of the laws of nations in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe- tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who will endorse on her register the fact and date of such warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be cap- tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for 196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Buch proceedings against her and her cargo as prize as may be deemed advisable. And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any person, under the pretended authority of said States, or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel ot the United States, or the persons or cargo on board of her, such person will be held amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy. Abbaham Lincoln. By the President. William H. Seward, Secretary of State. Washington, April 19, 1861. THE EMAKCIPATION PB0CLA1L4.TI0N. 197 THE EMANCIPATION PEOOLAMATION. BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. Whereas, on the twenty-second day of Septen> ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing among other things the following, to wit : " That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforth and forever free, and the Executive Government of the United States, includ- ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. "That the Executive will, on the first day of 198 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Jaiuiarj aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against the United States, and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma- jority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong counter- vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people tliereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." Now, therefore, T, ABEAHAM LUSTCOLN, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and l!^avy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaim for the full period of one hundred days from the day of the first above mentioned order, and, designate, as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel- lion against the United States, the following, to wit : THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION". 199 AEKAE'SAS, TEXAS, LOUISIAE"A, (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS- SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOKIDA, GEOKGIA, SOUTH CAKOLIISrA, NOETH CAKOLOTA, and YIPGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig- nated as West Yirginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, ISTorthampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of JN'orfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex- cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if this Proclamation were not issued. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons HELD AS SLAVES witMu Said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward SHALL BE FREE ! and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval au- thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 200 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg- ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al- mighty God. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one Tl. s.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-seventh. ABRAHAM LUSTCOLK. By the President. William H. Sewabd, Secretary of State. THB CONFISCATION ACT. 20] TEE OONFISOATION ACT. TO CONFISCATE PEOPEETT USED FOR INSDEREOTIONAEY PURPOSES. Be it enacted^ etc.^ That if, during the present or any future insurrection against the Government of the United States, after the President of the United States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind or description, with intent to use or employ the same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 202 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. owner or owners of any sucli property, shall know- ingly use or employ, or consent to tlie use or employ- ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of the President of the United States to cause the same to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. Sec. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- demned in the district or circuit court of the United States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, or into which they may be taken and proceedings first instituted. Sec. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district attorney of the United States in which said property may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly for the benefit of the United States ; or any person may file an information with such attorney, in which case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- former and the United States in equal parts. Sec. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the j)resent insurrection against the Government of the United States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- vice under the law of any State, shall be required or permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- vice is claimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203 Bucli persons, to take up arms against the United States, or shall he required or permitted by the per- son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, sliip, intrenchment, or in any military or naval service whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- thority of the United States, then, and in cv^ery such case, the person to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, any law of the State or of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter the person claiming such labor or service shall seek to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient answer to such claim that the person whose service or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile service against the Government of the United States, contrary to the provisions of this act. 204: NAIIONAL HANU-BOOK. PIEST INAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT LINCOLN Maeoh 4th, 1861. Fellow- Citizens of the United States: In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov- ernment itself, I appear before yon to address you briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre- scribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President, before he enters on the execution of his ofiice. I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub- lican Administration, their property and their peace mAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESmENT LINCOLN. 205 and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such appre- hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed, and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub- lished speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches, when I declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi- rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists." I believe I have no lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so with the full knowledge that I had made this, and made many similar declarations, and had never re- canted them. And, more than this, they placed in the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu- tion which I now read : ''Hesolved^ That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institu- tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the per- fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." 206 NATIONAL hand-book:. 1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so I oiilj press upon the public attention the most con- chisive evidence o^ which the case is susceptible, that the propert}', peace, and security of no section are to be in anywise endangered by the now incoming Administration. I add, too, that all the protection which, consist- ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully to one section as to another. There is much controvery about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions : " No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law. All members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitution — to this provision as well as IITAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PEESmENT L,tNCOLN. 207 Em J other. To tlie proposition, tlien, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause " shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. ISTow, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath ? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by National or by State authority ; but surely that difference is not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done ; and should any one, in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept ? Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a slave ? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi- zens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States?" I take the official oath to-day with no mental 20^ NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. reservations, and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws bj any hypercritical rules ; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of them, trusting to find impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura- tion of a President under our national Constitution. During that period fifteen difierent and very distin- guished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the government. They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre- cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief constitutional term of four years, under great and peculiar difficulties. A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attemj^ted. I hold that in the contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is per- petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termin- INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. ^09 ation. Continue to execute all the express provisiong of our national Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it^ except bj some action not provided for in the instru- ment itself. Again, if the United States be not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it? One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it ? Descending from these general principles we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued in the Dec- laration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ; and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of 'the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, 210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the Constitution having lost the vital element of perpetuity. It follows from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect, are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord- ing to circumstances. I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti- tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisition, or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will he used to holdy occxijpy^ and possess the j^rojperty andjplaces helonging mAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PEESmENT LINCOLN". 211 to the Govern7ne7it, and collect the duties and im- posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. Where hostility to the United States shall be so great and so universal as to prevent competent resi- dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people that object. While the strict legal right may exist of the Government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time the nses of such offices. The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union. So far as possible, the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflection. The course here indicated will be followed, unless current events and experience shall show a modifica- tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord- ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections. 212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. That there are persons, in one section or anotlior, who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor deny. But if there be such, I need address no word to them. To those, however, who really love the Union, may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the ills you fly from, have no real existence ? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk the com- mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional -rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, plainly written in the Constitution has been denied ? I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti- tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly-written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If, by the mere force of nnmbers, a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- written constitutional right, it might, in a moral point of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, mAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PEESIDENT LINCOLlSr. 213 if such riglit were a vital one. But such is not our case. All the vital rights of minorities and of individu- als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti- tution, that controversies never arise concerning them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration. ISTo foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason- able length contain, express provisions for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by State authorities? The Constitu- tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of this class, spring all our constitutional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and minorities. If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the government must cease. There is no alternative for continuing the government but acqui- escence on the one side or the other. If a minority in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will secede from them wheneve?* a majority refuses to be con- trolled by such a minority. For instance, why not 214: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. any portion of a new confederacy, a year or t^vro hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there Buch perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional check and limitation, and always changing easily •with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen- timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is •wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left. I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis- ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the government ; and while it is obviously possible that nfAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 215 such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be over- ruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the government upon the vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo- cably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own masters, unless having to that extent practically resigned their government into the hands of that eminent tribunal. !N'or is there in this view any assault upon the court or the judges. It is a duty from which they may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions into political purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the only substantial dispute ; and the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the law for the sup pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com- 216 NATIONAI. HAiTD-BOOK. munitj where the moral sense of the people imper- fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking we cannot separate— we can- not remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different sections of our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face; and inter- course, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always ; and when, after much loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease mAUGURAL ADBEESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 217 fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter- course are again upon you. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending, or their revolu- tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can- not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national Constitution amended. While I make no recom- mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full authority of the people over the whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itselfj and I should, under existing cir- cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor- tunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add, that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under- stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution (which amendment, however, I have not seen) has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov- ernment shall never interfere with the domestic 10 218 NATION AI. HAND-BOOK. institutions of States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. The chief magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves, also, can do this if they choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer the present gov- ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal hope in the world? In our present difierences is either party without faith of being in the right ? If the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the JSTorth, or on yours of the South, that truth and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, the American people. By the frame of the Govern- ment under which we live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 219 for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals. While the people retain their virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex- treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years. My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject. ISTothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot haste, to a step which you would never take deliber- ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; but no good object can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it ; while the new administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulties. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. 220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and defend it." ^ I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE GOVERNMENT. 221 THE BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT, BEFOEB AND SINCE THE WAE, 1859 AND 1865. The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1859, were as follows : From Customs $49,565,824 38 From Public Lands 1,756,687 30 From Miscellaneous Sources 2,082,559 33 From Treasury Notes 9,667,400 00 From Loans 18,620,000 00 Aggregate resources for the year ending June 30, 1859 $88,090,787 11 Which amount was expended as follows : Civil, Foreign and Miscellan's. .$23,635,820 94 Interior (Indians and Pensions), 4,753,972 60 War Department 23,243,822 38 Navy Department 14,712,610 21 Public Debt 17,405,285 44 Total expenses for the year $83,751,511 57 Balance in Treasury July 1, 1859 4,339,275 64 The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, was $1,898,532,533 24, of which were received : From loans applied to expenses $864,863,499 17 From loans applied to Public Debt 607,361,241 68 From Internal Revenue. 209,464,215 25 Expenditures for the year $1,897,674,224 09 War Department charged with 1,031^323,360 79 Balance in Treasury July 1, 1865 658,309 15 Total increase of Public Debt during the year 941,902,537 04 222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDEJITT LmCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST INAUGUEAL ADDEESS. Mabch 4, 1865. Fellow-Cotintrtmen : At this second appearing to take tlie oiitli of the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, (f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and proper. ITow, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. "With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 223 On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- pending civil war. AIL dreaded it ; all sought to avoid it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive ; and the other would rather accept war than let it perish, and the war came. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest, was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. ITeither party expected for the war the magni- tude or the duration which it has already attained. Keither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier tri 224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. umph, and a result less fundamental and astound- ing. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been an- swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. " Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- ces, which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through his appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with 225 the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." With malice toward none, with charity to all, with firmness in the right, as God gives "us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher- ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 226 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. AOOOMPAITTINa THE PEESIDKNt's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863. Wheeeas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the President " shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments oi several States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and are now guilty of treason against the United States ; and w^hereas, with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and also declaring that the President was thereby author- ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the 227 existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par- don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- gressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- tion of the pardoning power ; and whereas, with reference to said rebelHon, the President of the United States has issued several proclamations with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State governments within and for their respective States : Therefore, " I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties shall have inter- vened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take and subscribe an oath,, and thence- forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : " I, , do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the union of the States there- under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified, or lield void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- dent made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me God." The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so- called confederate government ; all who have left judicial stations under the United States to aid the rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval officers of said so-called confederate govern- ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats in the United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all who Lincoln's proclamation of aivinestt. 229 resigned commissions in tlie Army or 'Navj of the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; and all who have engaged in any way in treating colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the United States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity. And I do further proclaim, declare and make known, that whenever, in any of the States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of secession, and excluding all others shall re-establish a State government which shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern-* ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- under the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that " the United States shall guar- anty to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 230 ^ NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence." And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State, which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be objected to by the E'ational Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- tution, and the general code of laws, as before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing the new State government. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be proper to further say that whether members sent LmCOLN's PEOCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 231 to Congress from any State shall be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusiv^e with the respective Houses, and not to auj extent with tlie Executive. And still further, that this proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a mode in and by which the national authority and loj^al State governments may be re-established within said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with his present impressions, it must not be understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable. Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the 8th day of December, a. d. 1863, and of [l. s.] the independence of the United States of America the eighty-eighth. ABEAHAM LmCOLK By the President. Wm. H. Sewakd, Secretary of State, 232 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PEOOLA- MATION. BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. f Whereas^ The President of the United States, on the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all persons to lay down their arms, to return to their loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and Whereas^ Many persons who had so engaged in the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits offered thereby ; and Whereas^ Many persons who have been justly deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- under, by reason of their participation directly or by implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos- tility to the Government of the United States since 233 the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply for and obtain amnesty and pardon : To the end, therefore, that the authority of the Government of the United States may be restored, and tha-t peace, and order, and freedom may be es- tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do proclaim and declare, that I hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- directly participated in the existing rebellion, except as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, except in cases where legal proceedings under the laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, that every such person shall take and subscribe to the following oath, which shall be registered, for permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the United States, and will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So help me God. 234 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. The following classes of persons are excepted from the benefits of this proclamation. 1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of the pretended Confederate States. 2. All who left judicial stations under the United States to aid in the rebellion. 3. All who have been military or naval officers of the pretended Confederate Government above the rank of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the United States to aid in the rebellion. 5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation of their commissions in the army and navy of the United States to evade their duty in resisting the rebellion. 6. All who have engaged in any way in treating otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons found in the United States service as officers, sol- diers, seamen, or in other capacities. 7. All persons who have been or are absentees from the United States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- vice who were educated by the Government in the Military Academy at West Point, or at the United States l!^aval Academy. jokn-son's amnesty peoclamation. 235 9. All persons who held the pretended offices of Governors of the States in insurrection against the United States. 10. All persons who left their homes within the jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and passed beyond the Federal military lines into the so-called Confederate States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 11. All persons who have engaged in the de- struction of the commerce of the United States upon the high seas, and all persons who have made raids into the United States from Canada, or been engaged in destroying the commerce of the United States on the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- inces from the United States. 12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement or custody, or under bond of the military or naval authorities or agents of the United States as pris- oners of any kind, either before or after their con- viction. 13. All persons who have voluntarily particij)ated in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 236 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the United States since the date of said proclamation, and who have not thenceforward kept the same inviolate ; provided, that special application may be made to the President for pardon by any person be- longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency will be extended as may be consistent with the facts of the case and the peace and dignity of the United States. The Secretary of State will establish rules aijd regulations for administering and recording the said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the people, and guard the government against fraud. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th day of May, 1865, and of the independence of America the 89th. A]SrDKEW JOHNSON. By the President, Wm. H. Sewaed, Secretary of State, A PEACE PKOCLAMATION. 237 A PEACE PEOOLAMATION. On the 20th of August, 1866, the President issued a proclamation announcing the return of peace and restoring the writ of habeas corpus in all the Southern States. Among the points made in this proclamation are the following : " There now exists no organized armed resistance of the misguided citizens or others to the authority of the United States in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of the amendment to the Constitution of the United 238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. States proMbitiiig slavery within tlie jurisdiction of tlie United States. « * * vf 'p}j(3 people of the several before men- tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov- ereign and important revolution of the national unity. " It is believed to be a fundamental principle of government that people who have revolted, and who have been overcome and subdued, must either be dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. " The Constitution of the United States provides for constitutional communities only as States, and not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or protec- torates. u -x- * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, ISTorth Carolina, Yirginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and henceforth to be so regarded." THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 23'J CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. A8 ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, MAEOH, 1866. § 1. That all persons in the United States^ and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States ; and such citizens of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and shall be subject to the like punishment, pains and penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- 240 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. iiauce, regulation, or custom to tlie contrary not- witlistanding. § 2. And that any person who, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such person having at any time been held in a condition of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court. § 3. That the district courts of the United States, within their respective districts, shall have, exclu- sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance of all crimes and offences committed against the provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal of the State or locality where they may be, any of THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 241 the rights secured to them by the first section of this act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, has been, or shall be commenced in any State court against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees, and all acts amenda- tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, such defendant shall have the right to remove such cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas coTj^us^ and regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit courts of the United States shall be exercised and enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect ; but in all cases where such laws are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offences against the law, the common law, as modified and changed by the Constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 242 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. diction of tlie cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, and laws of the United States, shall be extended, and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. § 4-. That the district attorneys, marshals, and deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts of the United States, with power of arresting, impris- oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the United States, the officers and agents of the Freed- men's iiureau, and every other officer who may be specially empowered by the President of the United States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially authorized and required, at the expense of the United States, to institute proceedings against all and every person who shall violate the provisions of this act, and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of the United States or territorial courts as by this act have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to affording reasonable protection to all persons in their constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- out distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 243 duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit courts of the United States and the superior courts of the territories of the United States, from time to time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as to afford a speedy and convenient means for the arrest and examination of persons charged with a violation of this act. § 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and district courts of the United States, and the judges of the superior courts of the territories, severally and collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis^ factory proof being made, to issue warrants and precepts for arresting and bringing before them all offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit them for trial, as the facts may warrant. § 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author- ized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, and the same duties with regard to offences created by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise with regard to other offences against the laws of the United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued imder the provisions of 244 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. this act when to them directed, and should any mar- shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all j)roper means diligently to execute the same, he shall on conviction thereof be fined in the sura of one thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon whom the accused is alleged to have committed the offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and the requirements of this act, they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- ance of their respective duties, and the person so appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- said shall have authority to summon and call to their aid the bystanders of ^ posse comitatus of the proper county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- sary to the performance of the duty with which they are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the Constitution which prohibits slavery, in conformity with the provisions of tbis act ; and said warrants shall run and bo executed by THE CrVIL EIGHTS BILL. 245 Baid officers anywhere in the State or Territory within which they are issued. § 7. That any person who shall knowingly and wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or other person charged with the execution of any war- rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person from the custody of the officer, other person or per- sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from the custody of the officer or other per- sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process shall have been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- hension of such person, shall for either of said offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment before the district court of the United States for the district in which said offence may have been committed, or before the proper court 246 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one of the organized Territories of the United States. § 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services in other cases ; and in all cases where the proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such arrest and examination. The person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five dollars for each person he or they may arrest and take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such Commissioner for such other additional services as may be necessarily performed by him or them — such as attending at the examination, keeping the prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings during his detention and until the final determina- tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- forming such other duties as may be required in the premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the court of justice, within the proper district or county, as THE CrVIL RIGHTS BILL. 247 near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States, on the certificate of the district within which the arrest iis made, and to be i^ecover- able from the defendant as part of the judgment in case of conviction. § 9. That whenever the President of the United States shall have reason to believe that offences havo been or are likely to be committed against the pro- visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the judge, marshal and district attorney of such district to attend at such place within the district and for such time as he may designate, for the purpose of the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the duty of every judge or other officer, when any such requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the place and for the time therein designated. § 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such persons as he may empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- lation and enforce the due execution of this act. § 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal may be taken to the supreme court of the United States. 248 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEEEDMEFS BUEEAU BILL, •■ AB AMENDED AND APPEOVED BT THE XXXIXTH OONaEESS. AN ACT to continue in force and to amend *' An act to estab- lish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other purposes. JBe it enacted hy the Senate and House of Beip- resentatives of the United States of America in Con- gress assemlled^ That the act to establisli a Bureau for the Eelief of Freedmen and Eefugees, approved March third, eighteen hundred and si^ty-five, shall continue in force for the term of two years from and after the passage of this act. § 2. And he it further enacted^ That the super- vision and care of said bureau shall extend to all loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall be necessary to enable them as speedily as practicable to become self-supporting citizens of the United States, and to aid them in making the freedom con- 249 ferred by proclamation of the commander-in-cliief, by emancipation under the laws of States, and by con- stitutional amendment, available to them and bene- ficial to the republic. § 3. And he it further enacted^ That the Presi- dent shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addi- tion to those authorized by the act to which this is an amendment, who shall give like bonds and receive the same annual salary provided in said act, and each of the assistant commissioners of the bureau shall have charge of one district containing such ref- ugees or freedmen, to be assigned him by the Com- missioner, with the approval of the President. And the Commissioner shall, under the direction of the President, and so far as the same shall be, in his judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical administration of the affairs of the bureau, appoint such agents, clerks, and assistants as maybe required for the proper conduct of the bureau. Military offi- cers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and assigned to duty under this act ; and the President may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, detail from the army all the officers and agents of this bureau ; but no officer so assigned shall have in- crease of pay or allowances. Each agetit or clerk, not heretofore authorized by law, not being a mili- 250 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. tary officer, shall have an annual salary of not less than five hundred dollars, nor more than twelve hun- dred dollars, according to the service required of him. And it shall be the duty of the Commissioner, when it can be done consistently with public interest, to appoint, as assistant commissioners, agents, and clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by faithful service in the armies of the Union during the rebellion. And all persons appointed to service under this act and the act to which this is an amend- ment shall be so far deemed in the military service of the United States as to be under the military juris- diction, and entitled to the military protection of the government while in discharge of the duties of their office. § 4. And he it further enacted^ That officers of the Yeteran Heserve Corps or of the volunteer ser- vice, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been or may hereafter be mustered out ot service, may be retained upon such duty as officers of said bureau, with the same compensation as is now provided by law for their respective grades ; and the Secretary of "War shall have power to fill vacancies until other officers can be detailed in their places without detri- ment to the public service. 251 § 5. And he it further enacted^ That the second section of the act to which this is an amendment shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to issue such medical stores or other supplies and trans- portation, and afford such medical or other aid as may be needful for the purpose named in said sec- tion : Provided^ That no person shall be deemed "destitute," "suffering," or "dependent upon the government for support," within the meaning of this act, who is able to find employment, and could, by proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, suffering, or dependence. § 6. Whereas, by the provisions of an act ap- proved February sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty- three, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled ' An act for the collection of direct taxes in insurrec- tionary districts within the United States, and for other purposes,' approved June seventh, eigliteen hun- dred and sixty-two," certain lands in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke, South Carolina, were bid in by the United States at public tax sales, and by the limitation of said act the time of redemption of said lands has expired ; and wliereas, in accord- ance with instructions issued by President Lincoln on the sixteenth day of September, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, to the United States direct tax com missioners for South Carolina, certain lands bid in by 252 . NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the United States in the parish of Saint Helena, in said State, were in part sold by the said tax commis- sioners to " heads of families of the African race," in parcels of not more than twenty acres to each pur- chaser; and whereas, under the said instructions, the said tax commissioners did also set apart as " school farms " certain parcels of land in said parish, num- bered on their plats from one to thirty-three, inclu- sive, making an aggregate of six thousand acres, more or less : Therefore^ he it further enacted^ That the sales made to " heads of families of the African race," under the instructions of President Lincoln to the United States direct tax commissioners for South Carolina, of date of September sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, are hereby confirmed and established ; and all leases which have been made to such " heads of families," by said direct tax commis- sioners, shall be changed into certificates of sale in all cases wherein the lease provides for such substitu- tion ; and all the lands jjow remaing unsold, which come within the same designation, being eight thou- sand acres, more or less, shall be disposed of accord- ing to said instructions. § 7. And le it further enacted, That all other lands bid in by the United States at tax sales, being thirty-eight thousand acres, more or less, and now in the hands of the said tax commissioners as the prop- 253 erty of the United States, in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke, excepting the " school farms," as specified in the preceding section, and so much as may be necessary for military and naval purposes at Hilton Head, Bay Point, and Land's End, and ex- cepting also the city of Port Koyal, on Saint Helena island, and the town of Beaufort, shall be disposed of in parcels of twenty acres, at one dollar and fifty cents per acre, to such persons, and to such only, as have acquired and are now occupying lands under and agreeably to the provisions of General Sher- man's special field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and the remaining lands, if any, shall be disposed of in like manner to such persons as had acquired lands agreeably to the said order of General Sherman, but who have been dispossessed by the restoration of the same to former owners : Provided^ That the lands sold in compliance with the provisions of this and the preceding section shall not be alienated by their pur- chasers within six years from and after the passage of this act. § 8. And he it further enacted^ That the " school farms " in the parish of Saint Helena, South Caro- lina, shall be sold, subject to any leases of the same, by the said tax commissioners, at public auction, on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred 254 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. and sixty-seven, at not less than ten dollars per acre , and the lots in the city of Port Royal, as laid down by the said tax commissioners, and the lots and houses in the town of Beaufort, which are still held in like manner, shall be sold at public auction ; and the proceeds of said sales, after paying expenses of the surveys and sales, shall be invested in United States bonds, the interest of which shall be appropri- ated, under the direction of the Commissioner, to the support of schools, without distinction of color or race, on the islands in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke. § 9. And he it further enacted^ That the assistant commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in their respective States which are claimed under the provisions of General Sherman's special field order, and to give each person having a valid claim a war- rant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Car- olina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, pre- senting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, as provided for in section T, for the term of six years ; but at any time thereafter, upon the payment of a sum not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per acre, the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a 255 certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres frora the direct tax commissioner or such officer as may be authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall be held valid longer than two years after the issue of the same. § 10. And he it further enacted^ That the direct tax commissioners for South Carolina are hereby au- thorized and required at the earliest day practicable to survey the lands designated in section 7 into lots of twenty acres each, with proper metes and bounds distinctly marked, so that the several tracts shall be convenient in form, and as near as practicable have an average of fertility and woodland; and the expense of such surveys shall be paid from the pro- ceeds of the sales of said lands, or, if sooner required, out of any moneys received for other lands on these islands, sold by the United States for taxes, and now in the hands of the dh-ect tax commissioners. § 11. And he it further enacted^ That restoration of lands occupied by freedmen under General Sher- man's field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, Jan- uary sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall not be made until after the crops of the present year shall have been gathered by the occupants of said, lands, nor until a fair compensation shall have been made to them by the former owners of such lands or their legal representatives for all improvements or 256 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. betterments erected or constructed thereon, and after due notice of the same being done shall have been given by the assistant commissioner. § 12. And he it further enacted^ That the Com- missioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease, or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands appertaining to the same, or otherwise, formerly held under color of title by the late so-called Confederate States, and not heretofore disposed of by the United States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for the same by any person or persons, and to use the same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom to the education of the freed people ; and whenever the bureau shall cease to exist, such of said so-called Confederate States as shall have made provision for the education of their citizens without distinction of color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed among said States for educational purposes in pro- portion to their population. § 13. And he it further enacted^ That the Com- missioner of this bureau shall at all times co-operate with private benevolent associations of citizens in aid of freedmen, and with agents and teachers, duly accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or provide by lease buildings for purposes of education whenever such associations shall, without cost to the 257 government, provide suitable teachers and means of instructions ; and he shall furnish such protection as may be required for the safe conduct of such schools. § 14. And he it further enacted, That in every State or district where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and in every State or district whose constitutional relations to the government have been practically discontinued by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been restored in such relations, and shall be duly repre- sented in the Congress of the United States, the right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, and to have full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal security, and the acquisition, enjoyment, and disposition of estate, real and personal, including the constitutional right to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all the citizens of such State or district without respect to race or color, or previous condition of slavery. And whenever in either of said States or districts the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been inter- rupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and until such State shall have been restored in its constitutional relations to the govern* 258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. inent, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the President shall, through the Commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and under such rules and regulations as the President, through the Secretary of War, shall prescribe, extend military protection and have military jurisdiction over all cases and questions concerning the free en- joyment of such immunities and rights, and no pen- alty or punishment for any violation of law shall be imposed or permitted because of race or color, or previous condition of slavery, other or greater than the penalty or punishment to which white persons may be liable by law for the like offence. But the jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the offi- cers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has not been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in every State when the courts of the State and of the United States are not disturbed in the peaceable course of justice, and after such State shall be fully restored in its constitutional relations to the govern- ment, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States. § 15. And 1)6 it further enacted^ That all officers, agents, and employes of this bureau, before entering upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath prescribed in the first section of the act to which this 259 is an amendment ; and all acts or parts of acts incon- sistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. Sghuylee Colfax, Speaker of the House of Bejpresentatives. Lafayette S. Fostee, President of Senate ^ro tenupore. In the Hottse of Repeesentatiyes United States, July 16, 18G6. The President of the United States having returned to the House of Eepresentatives, in which it originated, the bill entitled " An act to continue in force and to amend ' An act to establish a Biu-eau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other purposes," with his objections thereto, the House of Representatives proceeded, in pursuance of the Con- stitution to reconsider the same ; and Resolved^ That the said bill pass, two-thirds of the House of Representatives agreeing to pass the same. Attest: Edwaed McPheeson", Cleric House of JRepresentatives of the United States, In Senate of the United States, July i% 1866. The Senate having proceeded, in pursuance of the Constitution, to reconsider the bill entitled " An 260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. act to continue in force and to amend ' An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugess,' and for other purposes," returned to the House of Representatives bj the President of the United States, with his objections, and sent by the House of Representatives to the Senate with the mes- sage of the President returning the bill — Resolved^ That the bill do pass, two-thirds of the Senate agreeing to pass the same. Attest : J. W. Fokney, Seereta/ry of the Senate of the United States, 261 PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NUMBER OF KILLED, WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FROM DISEASE, DURING THE REBELLION. Washington, D. C, Friday, April 27, 18G6. The following is a condensed snmniary of the results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- ganization to the close of the war. 1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all persons liable to conscription, under the law of March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of the military resources of the loyal States, in men, was made, showing an aggregate number of 2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually under arms, when hostilities ceased. 2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand six hundred and twenty-one men were raised, at an average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit- ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith- standing the increase in the price of subsistence, transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years of the war. (Item: The number above given does not embrace the naval credits allowed under the eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for men raised prior to that date.) 3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. The vigilance and energy Tn.t,ps dpfpfited 3k. 19 w 685 k., w., and p. . Unions defeated. 292 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. June 18 " 25 " 26 " 27 " 27 " 27 July 1 " 23 " 24 " 25 •' 2S " 29 Aug. 2 *' 5 " 5 " 6 " n " 7 " 9 " 11 " 11 " 11 " 11 " 12 " 15 " 16 " 19 " 20 » 20 " 21 " 22 « 25 " 28 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. K'ear Smithville, Ark Oak Grove, Va Chickahominy Near Richmond Gaines' Mills, Va Village Creek, Ark Malvern Hill, Va. (7 days.). Florida, Mo Commanders. Union. Confed. Near Decatur, Ala Near Grange C. H., Va, Moore's Mills. Mo Brownsville, Tenn. Grange C. H., Va Baton Rouge, La. . Malvern Hill, Va Near Mattapony River, Va. . . Fort Filmore, N. M , Near Trenton, Tenn , Kirkville, Mo Cedar Mountain, Va , 11 miles east of Helena, Ark. Compton's Ferry, Mo Kinderhook, Tenn Clarendon, Ark , Gallatin, Tenn , Merriwether's Landing, Tenn . Lov?" Jack, Mo Near Hickman, Mo Edgefield Junction, Tenn Near Union Mills, Mo . Pinclcncy's Island, S. C. Near Gallatin, Tenn. . . Attack on Fort Donelson Kettle Run, Va Readyville, Tenn .Maj. Zeley Gen. Hooker. . , McClellan , Gen. ^McClellan, Gen. I'orter. . , , Col. Brackett. . . Gen. McClellan, Maj. Caldwell . , Capt. Harraan Gen. Gibson.. , Capt. Dollin Gen. Crawford.. Gen. Williams . . Gen. Hooker. , . Generals Gibbon and Cutter . . . CoLCanby Col. McNeill . . . Gen. Banks . . . . Col. Guitars Col. McGowan. . Gen. Hovey. . . . Col. MHler Col. T. W. Harris Maj. Foster. . . . Capt Moore. . . . Maj. Price. Gen. Johnson. Gen. Hooker. Col. Murphy. Capt. Jones. .. . Gen. Lee Gen. Lee i Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Col. Porter .... CoLs. Porter and Cobb Gen. J. C. Breck- inridge Gen. Stuarc Col. Sibley Capt, Faulkner. Col. Porter Gen. Jackson. . . Jeif. Thompson. Col. Poindexter. Anderson Col. J. H. Mor- gan Capt. Barlield. Col. Coffoo . . . , Col. J. H. Mor- gan Morgan. Col. "Woodward . Gen. Ewel! Gen. Forrest. . . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAB. 293 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. B k. 4 w 4 w. 15 p Capt. Jones captured. Confed. loss much the heaviest. Confederates retreated. Federals retreated. 200 loss 80 k. 150 w Over 1000 7500 k., w. & m.. . 2 k. 31 w About the same.. . About 1000 About 3000 Federals defeated, with a loss of 26 men. Cnnfpflprnf p«i rlpfpflfprl 10 k. 30 w 5 k. 12 w. &p 10 k. 30 w 4 k. 6 w 52 k. 100 w 10 k. & w., lip... Confed. w. left on the field. 4 k. 12 w 250 k., w., and m. 600 k., w., and m . Gen. Williams killed. The Con- federates were defeated. •72 p Confederate troops defeated. 20 k. 30 w Confederate troops defeated. Confederates repulsed. 1500 k., w., and p. 1000 k. 1500 w... 100 k. &w., 200 p. 7 k. 27 p 600 p Confederates defeated. 6 k. and many w. . 20 k. 9 p 110 k. andw 4 k. 19 p. . . 60 k. loo w 2 w 7 k. 20 w 1 k. 4 p 4 k. 3 w 16 horses captured. 3 k. 3 w., 32 p. . . 64 k. 100 w. 20U p Gen. Johnson and his staff cap- i tured. Confed. repulsed with heavy loss. Confeds. driven from the field. Confederates defeated. About 800 k. & w. BOOk.&w., lOOOp. 294 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. Aug. 28 " 29 " 30 29-30 " 30 Sept. 1 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. 6 miles west of Centre ville,Va. Groveton, Va 2d Bull Run. Richmond, Ky Bolivar, Tenn Britton's Lane, Tenn. Chantilly, Va N'ear Plymouth, N. C. . . N'ear Slaughterville, Ky. Fort Ridgely, Minn Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Washington, IST. Near Martinsburg, Va. . Washington, N. C Capture of ShepherdsviEe, Ky. Near Poolesville, Md Williamsburg, Va Edwards' Ferry, on the Poto- mac Fayette, Va Near Coldwater, Miss Middletown, Md South Mountain, Md Mumfordsville, Kj , Greene River, Ky , Harper's Ferry (3 days siege) . Near Durhamville, Tenn . . . . Falmouth, on Ky. Cen. R.R. Near Florence, Ky Commanders. Union. Gens. McDowell and Sigel. . . . Gens. Hooker, Sigel, Kear- ney, Reno, and King Gen. Pope Gens. Mason and Craft Col. Leggett.. Col. Dennis. . . Gen. Pope . . . Sergt. Green . . . Lt.-Col. Foster. . Gen. Jul. White Maj. Chapman. Col. Campbell. . Gen. Keves. . . Col. Siber Col. Grierson . . Gens. Hooker Reno Col. WUder. . . , Col. MUes Lieut. R. GrifQn. Col. Berry . . . . . Maj. Foley. . « . Confed. Gen. Jackson. Gens. Jackson and Longstreet Gen. Lee Gen. E. Kirby Smith Gen. Armstrong Gen. Armstrong Gens. Jackson, Ewell, and Hill Col. Garret Indians Col. Shingle Gen. Stuart. Gen. Loring. Gen. Lee Gen. Duncan. Gen. A. P. Hill. LtCoL Faulkner CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 295 Killed, Wounded, aud Prisoners. Remarks. Union. Confed. Confeds. driven back with loss and many prisoners. Confederates defeated. 6000 k. andw 800 k., 4000 w., & 3000 p 200 k., 700 w., 2000 p 12,000 k., w.,&m. 700 k. 3000 w 250 k. 500 w 5 k., 18 w., 64 m Confederates routed. Confederates defeated, Heavy loss on both sides. Death of Gens. Kearney and Stearns. 200 k.and w 1300 k. &w 180 k. 220 w 800 k. &w. 30 k. 40 p 3 k., 2 w., 25 p... 13 k. 47 w 8 k. 36w 2 k. lOw 33 k. 100 w 50p.besidesk. &w 30 k. 36 p Federal gunboat exploded her magazine during the engage- ment. 18 killed & wounded, i 85 p Ik. 8 w 7 k.:';;.:;;:::::: Confederates defeated. 5 capts., 4 lieuts., aad Capt. Camp- beUp 8 k. CoL Shingle k. Confederates repulsed with the loss of 90 men 100 k. and w 4 k. 80 w 80 k and w 443k.1806w.76m. 500 k., 2343 w., & 1500 p Gen. Eeno killed. Confederates defeated. 80 k., 120 w., and 11,583 p 2 k. 10 w 1 w 1500 k. andw 8 k. 20 w. 2 k. 4w. 1 p 5 k. 7 w Federals surrendei*. Col. Miles killed. 1 k 1 w 296 THE NATION.IL Hi\J^D-BOOK. Date. 1862. Sept. 17 " 17 "19-20 " 19-20 " 20 " 21 " 21 " 21 " 22 " 22 " 23 " 29 " 30 " 30 Oct. 1 1 " 8 Names arid Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Antietam, Md. . Leesburg, Va. . . luka, Miss . . , . . Oweusboro, Ky. Near Shirley's Ford, Mo. On Potomac Muufordsville, Ky Shepherdsville, Ky Sturgeou, Mo Commanders. Union. Gen. McCleUan Col. Kilpatrick. Gen.Rosecraus. Confed. Asbby's Gap, Ya . Yellow Medicine Eiver, Minn Sharps burg, Md. (( 3 (( 3-5 (( 6 (( 6 il 7 Newtonia, Mo Riissellville, Ky Gallatin, Tenn Shepherdstown and Martins- burg, Ya On Blackwater River, near Erankhn, Ya Blackwater, near Franklin, Ya, Near Corinth, Miss , Near Charlestown, Ya Lavergue, Tenn Near Sibley's Landing, Mo . Chaplin HiUs, PerryviUe, Ky. Near Lawrenceburg, Ky .... Near Helena, Ark .... Stanford, Ky Carsville, Ya Near Charlestown, Ya. Thoroughfare Gap, Ya- Woodville, Tenn. ..... Col. Ritchie. . . Col. Barnes . . . Col. E. McCook Col. Granger . . Maj. Hunt Col. R. B. Price Col. Sibley.... Gen. Solomon. , Col. Harrison., Col. Stokes.... Gen. Pleasanton Corns. Perry, Hunchback, & Whitehead, Col. Spears Gens. Ord, Hurl but, & Yeatch Gen. Palmer. Gen. Buell. Col. Parrott. . . Maj. Rector. . . Lieut. Wilhams. Gen. Hancock . . Gen. Stahl Maj. J. J.Mudd. Gen. Lee. Gen. Price, Capt. Cunning- ham Lieut. Col. Green Indians Col. Cooper Col. Bennett... . Gen. Hampton.. Capt. Flusser. . . Gens. Price, Yan Dorn, & Lovell. Robertson's Bat. Gen. Anderson. Quantrell and Childs Gen. Smith CoL Giddings. . . Haywood. CHRONOLOGICAL TAELE OF THE WAR. 297 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 12,600 loss 15,000 loss Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated 135 k. 527 w li k 18 w 2H3k.400w.600p. Confederates defeated. Federal Col Webber k Con- 60 or TOk and w. feds, defeated with severe loss. 150 k., w., and p.. Cnnfpdp'rflt'.pct dpfpfltpd 5 k. 28 p Confederates defeated. 3 T) Lieut. Col. Green captured. 30 Indians killed and many wounded ; 4 whites killed and 30 wounded. Confederates dispersed, and a squad of them captured. 50 k. & w., 100 p. 35 k. 10 p 40 k., 39 p., and many w 60 k. and w., 9 p. . 12w. 3 p 30 or 40 k. and w. 1423 k., 5692 w., & 2268 p Confederates defeated. 315 k., 1812 w., & 232in Confederates routed. 18 k. and w 10 k. and w Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. 3200 k. w. and m. . 1300 k., 3000 w., & 200 p Confeds. retreated ; great loss. Confederates defeated with con- 6 k. 18 w 9p siderable loss. Confederates defeated. several k. 14 p Federals defeated. Ik. 8 w 9 w. and p 100 p 40 n 100 horses and mules captured. 13* 298 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. Oct. 22 " 22 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Pocotaligo, S. C. Van Buren, Ark. Commanders. Union. Confed. G-en. Brannon . . Maj. Lazear . . . . 23 Waverley, Tenn Maj. Blott. 23 Shelby Depot, Tenn Col. Stuart. 24 Manassas Junction, Ya 24 Grand Prairie, Mo Maj. F. G-. White 27iPutnam's Ferry, Mo jCol. LeAvis. . . . 27JDona]dsonville, La ;Gen. "Weitzel. . 28|Fayetteville, Ark 'Gen. Herron. . . 29;5 miles from Petersburg, Ya. .ILt.-Col. Iswick 29 Near Butler, Mo. 3 In Webster Co., Ky. " 11 " 11 « 11 " 13 " 15 " 18 " 18 " 21 " 22 " 26 " 27 " 28 " 29 Dec. 1 Lamar, Mo Near Nashville, Tenn, Warrenton, Ya Piketon, Ky Hudson ville, Miss. . . Near Marianna, Ark. Fredricksburg, Ya Huntsville, Tenn Near Lebanon, Tenn. . . Near La Grange, Tenn. Holly Springs, Miss . . . Fayetteville, Ya Rural Hills, Tenn Cove Creek, N. C Bayou Boutouca, near Fort Pike, La Near Winchester, Ya Cold Knob Mountain, Ya Near La Yergne, Tenn Kane Hill, Ark Snicker's Gap, Ya Near Ciiarlestovsm, Ya. Col. Seaman. Col. Foster . . Gen. Negleys. Gen. Reynolds Col. Dills Col. Lee , Capt. L. M. Per kins Capt. Dahlgren, Capt. Duncan.. . Capts. Kennett and Wolford, Col. Lee Col. Lee Gen. Sturgis. . , Col. Hawkms. . , Lieut.-Col. Mix, Capt. Darling. . . Capt. Harkins. . Col. J. C. Paxton Cols. Hurd and Dodge Gen. Blunt . . . Gen. Stahl Gen. Slocum Gen. Beauregard Col. Boon Col. Craven Stuart's cavalry, Coclcerill Quantrell J. H. Morgan.. Morgan's men. Capt. Evans. Gn. Marmaduke CHRONOLOGICAL T.\J3LE OF THE WAU. 299 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Eemarks. Union. Confed. 30 k 180 w Confed. loss not reported. Confederates defeated with con- siderable loss. ^ 1 k. 5 w 40 k, and w., 30 p. 8 or 10 k. and w. . ii'v 3 w. 8 k. 20 w several k. 40 p. . . 6 k. 16 w. 208 p.. . 8 k 18 k 14 w Confederates defeated. ::;::;:::::::::: 16 p 200 cattle captured. 3 Confederate lieutenants and 40 8 k. 10 w 30 k. and w '-^5p horses and carts captured. 5 k. 19 w 23 p 7 p 150 muskets and 40 horses and 80 p wagons captured. 16 k. 175 p 5 k. several w 39 p 1 w 6 k. several w t k. 125 p 16 k. 134 p 4 k. several cap- tured 16 k Left on the field 1 w 4 k. several w 4 k 30 horses captured. Confederates defeated. 100 p lOw Several k Confederates defeated. 45 k. 40 p 5 k. 18w Confederates defeated. 300 THE NATION^U. HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. Dec. 2 " 12 " 12 " 12 " 13 " 13 " 14 ** 17 « 18 " 21 " 24 " 25 " 27 ♦' 28 27-29 " 30 1863. Jan'y 2 10 Franklin, Va. . . , Near Cliarlestown, Va Oxford, Miss Helena, Ark Prairie Grove, K W. Ark. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Col. Spear . Gen. Geary Col. Hatch . Gens, Blunt and Herron Hartsville, Tenn. Near Corinth, Miss. , . Near Kingston, N. C, Franklin, Tenn Fredericksburg, Va... Tuscumbia, Ala, Kingston, N. C. Goldsboro, N. C, Lexington, Kj, . Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss , Near Munfordsville, Ky , Near Munfordsville, Ky Dumfries, Va Elkford, Ky Vicksburg, Miss. , , , Parker's Cross Roads Tenn. Stone River, or Murfreesboro, Tenn Gen. Rosecrans, Commanders. Union, Col, A, B, Moore Col. Sweeney , , , Gen. Foster . . . , Gen. A.S.Stanley Gen, Burnside. . Gens. Hindman, Marraaduke, Parsons, and Frost Gen. J, H. Mor- gan Col. Roddy Gen. Foster Gen. Foster. . . . Col. B. G. Inger- soll Col. K. H.Morgan Capt. Dickeys. , , Col. Gray Col. C, Candy,. Maj. Foley Gen. Sherman. Gen. Sullivan, . Near La Grange, Ark. Springfield, Mo Ripley, Tenn. . Sutfolk, Va. , . . Hartsville, Mo. Gen.Washburne Gen, Brown and Col. Crabb.. Capt. Moore. , . Gen, Corcoran. Col. Merritt, . . Gonfed. Gen, Lee. Gen, Evans. . Gen. Evans. . Gen, Forrest. Gen. Van . , . . Gen. Morgan, . . Gen. Morgan , . . Gens. Stuart & FitzHugh Lee. Gen, Johnston.. Gen. Forrest Gen. Bragg, Gens. Marma- duke and Bur- bridge Lt,-Col, Dawson. Gen, Pryor Gen.Marmaduke CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 301 Killed. Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. 20 k. and w 495 k. 600 55 k. 100 w Ik. 2 p Ik 1512 k., 6000 w., & 2078 p 4k. 14 w 90 k. 478 w 40 k. 23 p. 10 k. and w. 191k.982w.756m 200 k. andw 1533 k., 6000 w. 17 k. 50 w... 3w Fed. loss 104. 35 k. andw. . Confed. 70 k. & w., 145 p. 92 p 8 k. 30 p 1500 k. andw Loss about the same 11 k. 30w 400 p 5 k. 10 w Loss 1800 70 p 71k. 268 w., 400 p. 2 k., 30 w., 20 p. 9 k. 22 w 30 or 40 k. andw. 30 k., 176 w., 51 p. 600 w. 10 k. and w., 10 p. 8 k., 20 w., 46p. 150k. andw. 150 p Remarks. Confed. defeated with severe loss. Confederates defeated. Confederates repulsed. Confederates defeated. Federals surrendered. 13 pieces artillery, etc., captured. Confederates defeated. Federals repulsed. Confederates routed. 1 3 pieces of artillery captured. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. 100 stand of Confederate arms left on the field. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates routed. 80 Confederate horses captured. Confederate loss not reported. Confederates defeated. Confeds. defeated. Their loss over 10,000, of which 9,000 were killed and wounded. Confederate loss 200. Confederates defeated. 302 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1863. Jan'y 11 " 26 " 30 " SO " 31 Feb'y 3 " 3 ♦' 4 " 10 " 12 " 15 " 15 " 15 " 19 " 20 " 26 " 27 March 1 " 2 " 2 *•- 6 " 7 " 10 u 17 u 17 " IS " 20 " 22 » 29 " 30 " 30 April 1 " 2 " 2 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Capture of Fort Hindman, on the Arkansas Eiver Near "Woodbury, Tenn Trenton, Tenn Deserted House, 9 miles from Suffolk, Va Near Nashville, Tenn Mingo Swamp, Mo Fort Donelson, Tenn Commanders. Union. Near Lake Providence, La. Old River, La Near Bolivar, Tenn Canesville, Tenu Nolens ville, Tenn Arkadelphia, Ark Coldwater, Miss Yazoo Pass "Woodstock, Ya 15 miles from Newbern, N. BradyviUe, Tenn Near Petersburg, Tenn . . . . Aldie, Va Chapel Hill, Tenn Near Franklin, Tenn Union ville, Tenn Near Covington, Tenn. Kelly's Ford, Va Near Franklin, Va Berwick Bay, La Near Milton, Tenn Near Blue Spring, Mo. Near Somerville, Tenn. Near Somerset, Ky. . . , Point Pleasant, W. Va. DoanesviUe, Va "Woodbury, Tenn In Jackson Co., Mo. . . , Adm. Porter and Gen. McCler naud , Gren. Palmer Col. Wood Gen. Corcoran . Maj. Reeder . , Col. Harding. Capt. Tucker. Col. Monroe. . . Sergt. Holmes. Capt. Brown . . Lt.-Col. Wood. 5th Illinois . . . Capt. Jacobs . . . Gen. Rosecrans Capt. Schultze . Col. Johnson. . Col. Colburn. . . Gen. Manly . . CoL Grierson. . Gen. Averill. . . Col. Spear Capt. Perkins. Col. Hall Gen. Gillmore, 1st Vermont. Gen. Hazen. . Maj. Ransom. Confed. Gen, Churchill. . Capt. Dawson. . Gen, Pry or D. McGee Wheeler and Forrest "3d La." Morgan's Cav. Morga Mosby . . . . Col. Roger. Van Dorn. . Gen. Russell . . . Col. Richardson. Morgan and Breckinridge . Quantrell Pegram Gen. Jenkins. Capt. Mosby. . Hicks . i CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 303 Killed, Wouuded, and Prisoners. Union. Xearly 1000 k., w, and missing. . . . 2 k. 9 w 5 w. 12 k. 30 w. 8 k. and w. 2 k. 12w 6 k., 3 w., 15 p. 5 w 200 k, and p.... Iw 15 k. and w 100 k., 300 w. and 1200 p Ik. 16 w, •7 k.3 w 9 k. 5 m. several w. 40 k. and w 1 k. 1 w 60 k., w., and p. Confcd. 5.50 k. & w. 5000 p 35 k. ]00 p 34 p. or killed 12 k., 12 w., 300 p 9 k. 20 w 100 k. 400 w. 300 p 30 k. and w 11 k. and w., 25 p, 4 k. 5 w 20 k., many w., 6 p. 8 k., 20 w., 4 p. . . 14 k. 12 w 6 k. 26 p. 3 k. 48 p 8 k., 30 w., 89 p. 12 k. 20 W 30 p 12 k. 72p 120 k. 300 w 50 k. 180 w 25 k. many p 86 p 10 k. 20 w 40 k. 140 w. 1 2 m. 12 k. 14 p. 12 k. 30 w. andp. 17 k Kemarks. Confederates defeated. Loss in killed aud wounded on each side about 60. D. McGee killed. Confederates repulsed. 90 horses taken. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. 50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- tured. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals routed. Confederates dispersed. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates retreated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Federals retreated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. . Conf. loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. ^ Federals defeated, Confederates defeated. 304 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1863. April Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Snow Hill, Tenu . 10 Franklin, Tenn . . . 14 Bayou Teche, La . . 1 9 Cold water, Tenn . . . 20 Patterson, Mo 22 Near Strasburor, Ya. G-en. Stanley. . Gen. Grano'er. " 26 May 1 Cape Girardeau, Mo . . Near Franklin, Tenn. . Col. Bryant. . . Col. Smart. . . Majors McGee and White . Gen. McNeil. . Col. Campbell. Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan- semond River 1 Port Gibson, Miss 1 MonticeUo, Ky 1 1 Near La Tlrange, Ark 2 Before Fredericksburg, Va. . . 2-3 Chancellors ville, Va June War ronton Junction Hain's Bluff on the Miss. Tupelo, Miss Raymond, Miss Near Jackson, Miss Champion Hill, Miss Big Black River, j\liss . . . Vicksburg, Miss Col. Corwyn. . . . G-en. McPherson Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Grant and Adm. Porter. Gen. Milroy Gen. Stanley. . . Gen. Banks and Ad. Farragut. Near Doniphan, Mo Major Lippert. . Millikeu's Bend, Miss G-en. Thomas. .. Beverly Ford, Va [Gens. Buford & I Gregg Winchester, Va Near Middleburg, Va Hoover's Gap, Tenn .... Liberty Gap, Tenn South Anna, Va Near Winchester, Va. Middletown, Tenn . . . . Port Hudson, La. .... Col. Nixon Gen. Grant.; . . . Gen. Carter . . . Capt. De Huff. . Gen. Sedgwick. Gen. Hooker. . . Col. De Forrest. Gen. Milroy. . . . Gen. Pleasanton Col. Hoover G-en. Willich Col. Spear Confed. Morton and Wharton Van Dorn Marmaduke . . Van Dorn's Pickets . . . Gen. J.S.Bowen. Col. Morrison. . . Gen. Lee Gen. Mosby — Gen. Ruggles, . . Gen. Gregg .... Gen. Johnston.. Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Gen. Gardner. Gn. McCuUough Gn.J.E.B.Stuart & F. Hugh Lee Gen. Ewell CHRONOLOGICAL TAJ5LE OF THE WAR. 305 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. 100 350 10 k. 20 w. . 50 k. aDd w. 2 6 k. 6 w. 41 k. and w 1.30 k. 718 w. 5 ni 41 k., w., and m. . 2000 k. and w 16,000 k. and w. 1*7,000 p 80 k. andw. 51 k. 181 w 40 k. 240 w. G m, 426 k. 1842 w... 29 k. 242 w Loss about 2500. 900 k., w., and m . 80 k., w., and ra . . 127 k. 287 w. 151 m 380 k., w., and m . 2000 45 k. and w. . 90 k. 100 w. I- Confed. 15 or 20 k. 50 o, 300 k. and w. .\ 20 k. 40. 5 k., 9 w., 25 p. 40 k. 200 w Eemarks. 30 k. andw., 11 p. 1500 k.,w., and p. 18,000 k. and w. 5000 p 90 p 75k. 250 w. 186 p.. 40o k. andw 4000 k., w., and m 2600 Loss not reported. 6 k. 7 p 8 k. 90 p 600 k., w., and m. 200 k. 500 w. & m 750 k., w., and m. 850 k., w., and m. 150 k. andw., 80 p. 10 p., Confederates defeated. Confederates repulsed. Confederate loss much greater. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confeds, defeated with severe loss Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confed. defeated with heavy L^aval engagement. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. 29 cannon captured. 17 cannon captured. Confederates defeated. 200 horses captured. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confeds. defeated witli heavy loss. Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 800 horses, 35 wagons, and their commander captured. 106 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1863. June 26 July 1 u 2-3 " 4 « 4 a 5 (( 8 u 12 <( 12 (( 14 u 17 11 18 "18-1'J| (( 19 u 23 (( 26 Auor. 20 (( 22 « 28 Sept. 7 (( 9 (( ' "19-20 Oct. 8 (( 14 21- -28 Nov. 3 (( 16 Nov. 17 to Dec 4| Nov. 24 Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, and Skirmishes. Shelbyville, Tenn G-ettysburg G-ettysburg Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. Helena, Ark Bolton, Miss. Surrender of Port Hudsou, Miss Near Jackson, Miss Jackson, Miss Falling AVatcrs, Va Elk Creek, Ark Honey Springs, Ind. Territory Fort Wagner, S. C Wythevilie, W. Va Commanders. Union. Manassas Gap, Va. New Lisbon, Ohio. Chickamauga . . . Pocahontas, Ark. Warm Spring, Va Fort Sumter Tilford, Tenn Cumberland Gap, Tenn, Chickamauga Farmington, Tenn. . , Bristow Station, Va.. Brown's Ferry, Tenn, Bayou Cokay, La Campbell Stajtion, Tenn , Knoxville, Tenn. . , Lookout Mountain, Gen. Eosecrans, Gen. Meade . . . . Gen. Mead Gen. Grant . . . . Gen. Prentiss . . Gen. Grant Gen. Banks Col. Hatch..... Gen. Lanmann. . Gen. Kilpatrick . Gen. Blunt Gen. Blunt. .... Gen. Giimore... Cols. Tolland & Powell Col. Shackleford. T. H. Stevens. Gen. Burnside.. . Gen. Rosecrans. Gen. Cook Gen. Warren. . . Gens. Smith & Hooker Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Burnside.. Gen. Burnside. Hooker Confed. Gen. Bragg. , . . Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gen. Pemberton' Generals Price, Holmes, and Marraaduke . . Gen. Johnson . . Gen. Gardner. Gen. Cooper Gen. Cooper. . . . Gn. Beauregard. Gen. Morgan . . . Gen. Bragg Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson . . . Gen. Frazier. . . Gen. Bragg Gen. Wheeler . . Gen. A. P. Hill Gen. Longstreet Gen. Longstreet Gen. Longstreet Bragg CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 307 Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 85 k. 463 w. 13m, Total loss '28, 1 98. . iTotal loss 37,000. . 245 k. 3688 w. & 9000 k. & w. and 303 p. 30,000 p. 250 k., w., and m. 1 o k. and w oOO k. and w 29 k. 36 w 10 k. 25 w 9 k. 50 w j'^00 k., w. audm. 65 k. and w. i30k. 80 w... 114... 300 p. 1644 k. 9262 w. 4945 m 29 k. 150 w 51 k. 329 w 76 k. 339 w. 22 m. 18 k. luo w. 559 m. 400 600. 500 k. or w., 1000 p 4000 p 5500 p 175 k. and w. L300 p. 130 k. &w 400 k. or w. 60 p. 50 k. 75 w. 65 p. . 500 k. 331 w 75 k. 150 p 300 k. or w., 60 p, 100 p. 200.. 2000 p. 17,000 k., iY.,&ra. 125 k. & w., 300 p 1200 k. &w. 800 p Loss over 1000. . . 100 k. 200 p 1000 1600. Remarks. Oonfed. k.(few. notrep'td; lG34p. Gen. Reynolds killed. Confederates paroled. Confederates defeated. Rear-guard of Johnson's army captured. 100 conscripts released. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals repulsed. Virginia and Tennessee Railroad destroyed. Confederates defeated. Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 400 men, captured. Federals defeated. Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff captured. Naval engagement. Federals de- feated. Federals defeated. A large supply of army stores captured. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates withdrew. 808 THE NATION^IL HAND-BOOK. Dcate. Names and Places of Battles, En- o-ajreinents, and Sldrmishes. Commanders. Uiiion. 1863. N.2y-25 '^ 25 " 27 27-3W Dec. 14 '• 25 " 20 1864. Jan. 2 3 " 12 " n " 28 " 2y " 30 Feb. 3 " 3 « 4 14 * 20 22-25 " 22 March 5 " 9-10 " 16 " 21 " 21 25 Ap'18-9 ! " 12 Chattanooga, Tenn Capture of Missionary Ridge, Va Hinggold, Ga Locust Grove, Ya Beau Station Pulaski, Tenn Charleston, Tenn Gen. Grant. Gen. Hooker. . , Gen. Hooker. . . Gen. ^leade. . . Shackleibrd . . . , Geu. Dodge. . . Col. Luberk . . . Gen. Bragg. , Bragg Gen. Hardee. Gen. Lee. . . . Longstreet. . . Gen. Wheeler ISTear ilooriield, Va Jonesville, Va Mossy Greek, Tenn Near Dandridge, Tenn Tunnel HiU, Ga Scottville, Ky Federal supply train captured near Petersburg, W. Va — Bolton, Miss Gen. McCook. Maj. Johnson. Newborn, K C. Chnton, Miss. . . Gainesville, Fla. Ulustee, Fla. . . . Col. Snyder . . . . cjherman's ad- vance Gen. Foster. . . . Gen. Pickett. Tunnel Hill, Ga Near DrainsvLUe, Va, Yazoo City Capt. Roberts . . Gen, Seymour . , Gen. Palmer. . Gen. Gardner. . Gen. Wheeler . , Mosby Suffolk, Va Near Fort Pillow Henderson's HUl Near Alexandria At Fed. Fork, Paducah, Ky. Gen. Mower. Banks Col. Hicks . . Mansfield, La. Fort Pillow . . 17-20 Plymouth, N. ' 24| Cane River, La 25 Supply train captured near Pine Bluff, Ark Gen, Banks Majs. Booth & Bradford .... Gen. Wessels . . Gen. A. T. Smith Gen. Forrest. . . Klirby Smith . . . Gen. Forrest. . . Gen. Hoke Gen.Dick Taylor Col. Drake. CHEONOLOGICAL T.iliI.E OF THE WAR. 509 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Con fed. Eemarks. 40OO. About 16,000... 800.. 1000. 200., 300 p 2500 800 k. and w. 50 p 121 p 13 k. 20 w. 60 k. or w., 300 p. 150 k. and w. 14 k. 49 p. 32 k. and iCo.p. 40 k. 20 p , 80 k. and w. 12 k. 35 w. 212 k., w., andm. 15 k. 30 w 300 k., w., and m. loi)'.'.'. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'. . 1500. 75 k. and w. . . 8 k. 7 w. 75 m. 6k. 20 w..... 300 210. 14 k. 46 w 500 k. &w. 1500 p. 600 k. 100 w. 150 k. llOO p. 80 k. andw. . 25 k 50 k. and w. . . 282 p 306 p 1000 k. andw. 2000 p. Loss not reported. 1500 k. and w 1000 Braji^g defeated. Confed. k. and w. not reported. Forrest's guerrillas captured. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confeds. defeated. Loss much greater. Confed. Battery defeated. Confederates routed. Federals defeated. Confederate loss about the same. Killed and wounded not reported. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated with con- siderable loss. Suffolk captured. Confederates defeated. Confederate camp captured. Town nearly destroyed by the bombardment. Confederates defeated. 9 guns captured. 2000 p. 310 THE NATIONAL HANL-BOOK. Date. 1864. May 5-7 8-11 ' 10 ' 10 ' 12 12-15 13-15 " 15 19-20 " 24 May 25 " 28 Junel-3 June 5 " 10 " 11 15-18 " 22 " 27 July 9 Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, and Skirmishes. Wilderness, Ya. Rock Face Ridge, Ga, Spottsj'lvania C. H, . , Near Wytheville, Ya . Spottsylvania C. H. . , Fort Darling, Ya Resaca, Ga New Market, Ya Bermuda Hundred, Ya. Wilson's Landing, Ya. , Near Dallas, Ga Dallas, Ga Gold Harbor. Ya Piedmont, Ya. Mount Sterling Guntowa, Miss Near Cynthiana, Ky, Petersburg, Ya. Weldon Railroad, Ya Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga Monocacy, Md ..... " 12 Silver Springs, D. C J'yl3-15 Between Pontotoc and Tupelo, Tenn '* 20 Before Winchester, Va " 20 Peach Tree Creek, Ga " 22 Before Atlanta, Ga 27-30 Petersburg, Ya Ag. 5-20 Mobile Bay, Ala Commanders. Union. Gens. Grant Meade, and Burnside . . , Gen. Sherman. Grant , Gen. Averill. . , Gen. Grant. . . , Gen. Butler. . Gen. Sherman Gen. Sigel. . . Gen. Butler. . . . Gen. Wild... Gen. Hooker. Gen. Sherman Gens. Grant and Meade Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Slurgis. . . . Gen. Burbridge. Gens. Grant and Meade Gen. Meade .... Gen, Sherman . . Gen. Wallace. . . Gen. Augur. . . . Gens. Smith and Slocum Gen. Averill... . Gen. Sherman . . Gen, Sherman . . Gen. Grant Adm.Farragut & Gen. Granger. Confed Gen. Lee. Gn. Joe Johnson Lee Gen. Jones Gen. Lee Gn, Beauregard. Gn. Joe Johnson Breckinridge . . . Gn. Beauregard. Gn. Fitz H. Lee. Gen. Hardee. . . Gen. Longstreet. Gen, Lee. E. Kirby Smitli . Gen. Morgan . . , Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gen. Johnson. . Gen. J. Early. Gen, Early. Gen. Forrest . . . Gen. Early Gen. Hood Gen, Hood Gen. Lee Gn.Page & Adm. Buchanan... . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 311 Killed, ■Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. 800 k., w., and m. 5000 k., w., and m 700 k. 2800 w 91 k.440 w. 225 m 300 40 k. and w 1500 300 9000 k., w., and m. 986 y. & w. 1000 p 200 k. &w. 1200 p. 10,000 600 k. ••• „ ... New Loudon & R. R. Schooner... Sloop Schooner... A. J. View Advocate Anna Smith Arrow. Cuyler New London & R. R. Cuyler New London, &o St. John's, Florida.. West coast of Florida East coast of Florida Newbern,N. M Bienville & Mohican Sloop Yacht Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Atlanta .... .... Ethan Allen America Albemarle A. H. Partridge. March.. Mar. 14 Ottawa, (fee. Rowan's expedition Anna Belle Alert March. . Feb. 26 April 26 April 19 April 26 May 1 April 29 May 14 Mar. 6 May 26 June 1 June 7 July 16 Cape Blass. . . - ..... Pursuit St. John's, Florida.. Stono, S. Carolina.. Florence, Alabama. Captured at Fort Bienville Active Flambeau Steamer.... Ship Alfred Robb.... Alliance Albert Tyler Daylight and Chip- pewa Sloop Annie Gulf of Mexico Roanoke river Pamlico river, N. C. Mural, Cuba Coast of S. Carolina Pamunkey river Kanawha Alice PeiTy, Lockwood & Ceres Ceres Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Andromeda Agnes H. Ward. Amer'n Coaster. Agnes Pursuit Northern Light Currituck Huntsville 320 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED Class. Schooner . . . Steamer Steamer.... Schooner. . . Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Tug Ram Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer. . Steamer.. Schooner . Boat Schooner . Schooner. Brig Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Bchooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Ram Steamer. . Ii'on-clad, rebel... Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Brig Name. iquilla. Adela . . Ann fVlbemarle. . . . America Anna Sophia . Arctic 1862 Aug. 4 July 7 June 19 Agnes . A.nn Squires. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what Charleston i Huron Bahamas. Mobile. Mar. April Aug. Sept. Oct. Aug. Oct. Anglo American Arkansas Adventure A. B 'Aug. Annie Dees INov. Adelaide Oct. Anglia lOct. Ariel INov. Agnes Nov. Dec. Nov. 25 Tungo river, N. C. . . 10 NeM'togan c'k, N. C. 27 Gulf of Mexico . . Potomac river or St. Andrew's sound, ^^j Cxa liWicomico bay 23 Mississippi river. . . . 1 Pensacola 15 Corpus Christi.... 7 Charleston 21 Sounds of N. Car. Bull's bay Lat. 24°, long. 83° Indian river Avenger Antona W. Baker . . . A.W.Thompson Alligator :^von Annie Atlantic Aries Antelope Agnes Aurelia Anna Ascension Annie B Alabama A. Carson Ahna Amelia Angelina A. J. Hodge.... Argo Atlanta Anna Maria.... Arctic Artist... Atlantic. Quaker City and Huntsville Susquchanna&Kan- awha Delaware Com. Perry, &c R. R. Cuyler Freeborn Florida "William Bacon. Kensington, &c. Arthur I Seneca ! Ellis I Flag & Restless Huntsville ; Sagamore Dec 18G3. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Mar. Mar. Mar. )> Mar. Feb. April April April April May 24 15 24 lo: , I 18 Shallotte inlet, :N. C I.Monticello 30 Jupiter inlet Gem of the Sea Cape St. Bias 3 [Mississippi river 28|Finey Point Caloosahatchie river Abaco Wilmiugton Havana Bull's Bay, S. Car. . Charleston Tortugas Mosquito inlet Suwanee river Havana Lat. 27% long. 83° . . Lat. 29°, long. —°. . . May 16 May 13 May 20 Jime 17 June 28 May 28 July Aug. 15 Aug. 10 Chesapeake hay ... Savannah Steinhathee river... Great Yiocomico Charlotte Harbor Florida Lat. 28% long. 95° . , Rio Grande Sag.imore Pocahontas Queen of the "West Wyandank Julia Tioga State of Georgia Sonoma Stettin Memphis Two Sisters Arizona Fort Henry Huntsville Wanderer Susquehanna W. World and S. Rotan Perry Flag, Canandaigua, Wamsutta Courier Huntsville Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Weehawken Nahant Fort Henry SateUite and Bermuda Princess Royal rOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 321 Class. Name. Wlien cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer..., Schooner.., Steamer Steamer... Brig Steamer Steamer Boat , Schooner.., Schooner. ., English sch, Schooner.., British sch., Steamer Alice Vivian... Ann Alonzo Childs . AraVuan Atlantic Alabama ArL':us Alice Arctic Anita Amelia Ann Alhert, or We^ non.a , Antoinette Antonica , 1863 Aug. 16 Aug. 8 Gulf of Mexico Gilhert's bar . . , Sloop Schooner... Steamer Mexican sch Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Bebel ram.. Rebel steam Schooner. . . Steamer .... Schooner . . • Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Bebel sch. . . Sloop Annie Thomps'n Arietta, or Mar- tha AUiani- Alma Sept. If) Aug. 11 Sept. 12 Oct. 7 July 1.3 Nov. 1;") Oct. 27 Nov. — Nov. 30 Dec. 8 Dec. 20 1864. Jan, 16 New inlet. N. Car.. Off' the Rio Grande. Chandeleur island . . Red river Dc Soto Sagamore Mississippi squadron Shenandoah At sea At sea Brazos Santiago. Off Mobile Cumberland beach.. Off Wilmington Amanda. . Agnes .... Ann C Daven- port , Arrow A. D. Vance... Annie Annie Virden.. Annie Ann Louisa... Albemarle Alabama Albert Edward St. Cath.'s sound. . . Mar. 3 ft' Tybee island .... April 12 Off Savannah April 19 1 Coast of Texas May 14 ^f.^^J'P^"*^^ '^^"^« May 3 Oft' Velasco, Texas. . May 12 Alligator river. Eugenie Black Hawk Fort Henry Ladona Granite City Kanawha Bra zi 11 era Gov. Buckingham Fernandina July 28 Gatesville, N. Sept. 10 1 At sea Oct. Oct. Oct. Sept. 6 31 [Off New inlet. slOff Valasco... Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Armstrong Alabama Augusta Ajnazon Annie Sophia.. Anna Dale .... Annie Belle Conway. Brilliante Basilde Brunette Baltimore Beverly Bachelor Brena Vista... Beauregard.... June 19 Oct. 31 Dec. 4 Dec. 7 1865. Jan. 17 Mar. 2 Feb. 7 Feb. 18 April 11 1861. May 15 June 23 July 16 Sept. 23 Oct. 3 July 17 Nov. 13 Near Cape Fear Lat.26°30'N.; long. 89°30' W Roanoke river Off Cherbourg, Fr.. Lat. 27° N.; long. 94*^ W Lat. 32° N.; long. 7 7^^ W Off St. Louis Pass. . . Suwanee river, Fla. Savannah river Galveston Bay Pass Cavallo Crystal river, Fla.. Hampton roads Mississippi sound. . . Coast of Maryland. . Hatteras inlet Potomac river Bahama channel. . . S. Car., T. A. Ward Virginia Kanawha Chocura Ceres and Rockland Naval and army cap- tui-e Santiago de Cuba Kansas, &c. Mobile Aster Proteus Torpedo boat (Lieuf . Cashing) Kearsarge Katahdin R. R. Cuyler and others Princess Royal and Chociu-a Honeysuckle Pontiac Bienville and Prin- cess Royal Panola Sea Bird Minnesota Massachusetts Potomac flotilla Susquehanna Gemsbok Potomac llotilla Resolute W. G. Anderson 322 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTKOTED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vesseL Brig Sloop Schooner... B. F. Martin . . . Blooming Youth Black "Warrior.. British Queen... Bermuda Belle 1861 July 28 Dec. 18 1862. Feb. — Mar. 1 April 27 April 26 June 9 Hatteras Alexandria, Va Elizabeth City Perry Rowan's expedition Steamer.... ITole-in-Wall Charleston Mercedita XJncas Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Schooner... Sloop Sloop Schooner... Schooner. . . Steamer. . . . British Empire.. Baigorry Maratonzas inlet.... Lat. 23°, loBg. 83° . . Coast ofTeias Potomac river Coast of Texas New Topsail inlet . . Indian river Isaac Smith Bainbridge. Blossom Breaker Bellefont Belie Italia Brilliant By George Bloomer Brave .......... Aug. 12 Feb. — July 10 Nov. 3 Dec. 1 1863. Jan. 1 Jan. 15 Jan. 19 Feb. 3 Feb. 23 R.diance Ai'thur Daylight Sagamore Naval and army cap- New Orleans, La. . . . Mississippi river . . . ture Octorara Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Schooner... Burto n. ...... Admiral Farragut's Berwick Bay... Belle fleet Queen of the "West Brothers Banffor Mar. 22'Abaco Mar. 25' April 'M r^nlf of "M prxio.n Tioga Fort Henry Do Soto Sloop Sloop Steamer.... Ship Schooner... Sloop ■Roat Steamer.... Schooner.... Steamer.... Sloop Brio-ht Biazer Britannia Banshee Bettie Oratzer.. Blue Belle Buckshot Banshee Bigelow Bendigo Buffalo May 27 June 25 July 29 June 23 July 2 Aug. 7 Nov. 21 Dec. 16 1864. Jan. 3 Feb. 1 May 5 July 8 Oct. 10 Nov. 6 Nov. 27 Dec. 27 1865. Jan. 24 Feb. 2 Mar. — May 10 1861. Sept. 24 April 23 Lat. 26°, long. 96° . . Lat. 25°, long. 74°... New Inlet Coast of N. Car.... Sabine Pass Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Niphon Flambeau Cayuga ') Bear Inlet Grand Gulf and Ful- ton Off Wilmington St. Andrew's sound Blockading squadron Braziliera Steamer.... Steamer Bombshell Boston Bat OffPlymouth, N. C. Off Wilmiug-ton St. George's Sound, Mattabesett and oth- ers Fort Jackson Jlontgomery, &c. Adela Schooner... Badger Steamer.... Schoo ner . . . Beatrice Belle Off CLaiieston, S. C. Gralvestou, Texas... Cape Fear river.... Lat. 28° N., long, 92° w Picket boats Virginia Steamer.... Schooner.... Blenheim Ben Willis Beaufort Baltic N. Atlantic squadron Panola Gunboat. .. Rebel st'r-.. Hichmond, Va Tombigbee river ,, .... Part of N. Atlantic squadron Part of West Gulf Kebel st'r.. Black Diamond squadron Dart Schooner... Cambria Hamilton roads .... Cximberland FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 323 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. . 1861 May 2 May 17 May 27 July 5 Aug. 8 April 7 Sept. 4 Dec 6 Dec. 15 Dec. 31 1862- Jan. 23 Feb. — Mar. — Mar. 14 April 3 April 2 April 5 April 10 May 4 May 22 May 26 May ■ si May 13 I Hampton roads.... „ .... )? .... Galveston ... .... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner . Crenshaw Catherine Caroline G. P. Knapp.... Charles Henry. Col. Long Cheshii-e Charity Capt. Spedden.. Calhoun Curlew Caroline Cora Minnesota South Carolina Sloop Chandcleur island.. At sea Massachusetts Schooner. . . Savannah.... ...... Flag, Seneca, Poca- hontas, Augusta, and Savannah Stars and Stripes Harry Lewis, "Water- Witch and New Schooner.... Schooner.... Hatteras inlet Biloxi Steamer Steamer. . . . Sloop Schooner. . . Southwest Pass Roanoke island West coast of FI a... Lat. 26°, long. 84°.. London Colorado, Hachel Seaman, and tend- er of Samuel Eo- tan Rowan's expedition Etlian Allen Panola Clifton.. .. Rowan's expedition Susquehanna Mercedita and Saga- Sloop Pilot boat.. Coquette CharJeston bar A^palachicola Coast of Texas Mobile Schooner.... Columbia Charlotte more Montgomery Steamer.... Steamer Circassian Constitution Cambria Coast of Cuba Lockwood's Folly in- let Somerset Mount Vernon, Vic- toria, and State of Steamer Charleston Gooi-oia Huron At Sea Charleston Bayou Bonfouca Keystone State Gunboat.... Coryphens Calhoun Mound City Alabama and Flam- Catalina Curlew June 20 June 16 June 28 Mar. 14 April 10 Charleston.. ..... Cedar Keys Warsaw Sound Sounds of N. Car.... Newbem.... ...... beau Somerset Schooner Caroline Virginia Comet.. ........ Naval exi3edition Rowan's expedition Commodore Perry Schooner. • . Newtncan c'k N. C. Propeller... Schooner. . . Columbia Corelia July 9 Coast of Texas Aug. 3 Lat. 28°, long. 76°. . . Aug. 23 Lat. 23°. Ions-. 84°.. Arthur Santiago de Cuba James S. Chambers Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer.... Sloop Sloop Sphnnnpr Chapel Point... Conchita Carolina Capitola. ...... Sept. 20 Oct. — Oct. 28 Nov. 8 ») Nov. 11 Dec. 22 Potomac river Coast of Texas Lat. 29°, long. 87°... Glymont, Md Jacob Bell Crocker's expedition Montgomery Resolute Caperton Corse... ........ Sabine Pass Lat. 24°, long. 83°... Velocity, Dan Ken- si nsrt on, and Ra- Schooner... Courier chel Seaman Iluiitsville 324 VESSELS CAPTURED A:ND DESTROYED Class. Brig Schooner.. Ship. Steamer.. Schooner.. Steamer . . Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Steamer.. Steamer Brigantine. Boat , Sloop Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. Comet... Carmita. Dec. 2G- Dec. 27 1863. C. A.Parwell... Ceres Chatham Curlew Charm C. AV. Worrell. Clara Clyde.... CrotUda.. Cherokee. Cuba Comet , Crazy Jane C. llonterean..., Schooner.. . Steamer.... Clarita.. CaljT)so . Charleston . Cassandra . . Clara Ann . Clotilda... Steamer Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer Schooner. . . . Sloop Schooner.. . . Steamer. . . . jCornubia Feb. 27 Alexandria, Va.. Feb. 28 Feb. 23 Indian river Feb. 24| Mar. 251 Mobile Mar. 30 1 Deer creek April l-4jCampeachy bank. April lejLat. 28°, long. 80° May 7 Charleston bar. AprU 20 May 17 Lat. 28°, long 87°.., May 15 Fort Morgan May SiTampa bay, Florida. May 16 Charleston.... Cronstadt Carmita Clara Louisa... Charmer Abaco Marquesas keys New Orleans, La., Apalachicola. April 26 June 11 June 1 June 3 June 21 June 19 July 26 July 11 Ana:. 7 July 29 April 20 July July July Dec. Dec. July Lat. 26°, long Wilmington. Crystal river. Near Apalachicola. St. Joseph's bay.... Mississippi squadron Wilmington Rappahannock rivei Cone river Mosquito inlet... Wacassassa river Cape San Bias.... By what vesaeL Santiago de Cuba Magnolia Admiral Farragnt's fleet Adolf Hugel New Era Gem of the Sea Wyandank Kanawha Mississippi squadron Sonoma McClelian Canandaigua and Flag Port Royal De Soto Kanawha Tahoma S. Atlantic block- ad'g squadron. De Si.to Florida Fort Henry and Beauregard Fort Henry and Beauregard Octorara and Tioga Fort Henry Hendiick Hudson De Soto San Jacinto Port Royal Aug. 1 July 26 July 17 do. 19-26 Aug. 1C| Lat. 27°, long. 76° ii.ug. 14 Aug. 8 July 26 Nov. 8 Lat. 26°, long. 95 Indian River inlet.. Mosquito inlet Off New Inlet Port Royal J. L. Davis Seminole Yankee. Sagamore, &c Fort Henry Hendrifk Hudson. Rhode Island Bermuda Sagamore Sagamore, &c. Jas. AdgerandNip- hon FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 325 Class. Steamer.... Eng. stem'r. Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Sloop. Steamer. Schooner. Sloop.... Steamer. Sloop... . Sloop Schooner. Steamer. Steamer. Schooner. Schooner, Schooner.... Steamer Schooner.... Steamer Schooner, . . . Sloop Steanaer Schooner.... Steamer..,. Rebel iron- clad Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner. H. brig... Schooner. Cumberland. Camilla Cassie Holt . . Caledonia ... Caroline Cyclops ■. . Coquette Condor Constance CoraSmyser.... Carrie Mair . . . . Name. Chatham. Ceres Caroline.. Concordia. Caroline. Oct, 1864. Jan. 18 Jan . C Feb. 26 Cora. Charlotte. Coquette. Celt Comus. . . Cath. Coombs. Cora , Chaos , Cotton Plant. Coltmibia. Dorothy Haines Delaware Far mer Dart , Delta Delight When cap- tured. 1863 Dec. 16 Dec. (\ Where captured. Dotey sound . Cape Fe.ir river,. Dec. 28lOc]oclrney river, Fla. Feb. Feb. Feb. May 30 Tune June Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct Nov. Dec Dec Jan. Calcasieu Pass Jvipiter inlet At sea Suwanee river, Fla. Port Pembertim. At sea San Luis Pass.., By -what vessel. Huron Conn, and others Stars and Stripes Granite City Roebuck Vandcrbilt Clyde Mississippi squadron Expedition up Yazoo De Soto Virginia Massachusetts and Keystone State Union Flag Adolph Hugel 5|OtrCharleb-ton. 28 Off Velasco, Texas.. Sciota and Chocura Jupiter inlet... Otf Charleston. Potomac river. 30 Pass Caballo, Texas 5 Lat. 32° N., long. 77° W. jAt eea 9, Off Galveston island Jan. 19 Jan. 26 Mar. 31 Feb. Mar. April April April April 1861. May 11 May 14 July 4 Oct. 27 Dec 9 long. Lat. 33° N. 75° W. Cape Fear river Combahee river, S. Carolina Stranded on Sulli- van's island Lat. 23° N., long. 83° W. Yoi^ktown, Va Near Brazos de St. lago. Mississippi river. . . . Off Galveston, Texas Roanoke river. Charleston, S. C... Hampton roads. Galveston Mississippi sound. Itasca Gettysburg and oth- ers Mackinaw Princess Royal Horace Beals Malvern and others Dai-Ching and Clo- ver luka Crusader Quaker City Huntress Gertrude Comubia Cornubia and trude Boat expedition Ger*. Cumberland South Carolina Santee New London 326 VESSELS CAPTUltED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Sloop Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Propeller. Steamer.. Schooner., Steamer . . Schooner. . Schoonei". . Steamer.. Steamer.. Brig Dudley or Pink- ney Darlington Dixie Deer Island Director JDirector , Defiance , David Crockett, Dart , 1862 Jan. 10 Mar. 3 April 15 May 13 May 4 July - Sept. Cedar keys Fernandina Georgeto^Ti Mississippi sound. York river Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner.. Schoonei'.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner. . Bark Schooner. . Sloop Sloop Sloop Dan. . . Diana. Dove.. Oct, Oct. 6 Oct. — Nov. 26 7|Sapello cound. Diana Douro Dolphin D. Sargent.... Dart Dew Drop Don Jose Director Duoro Diamond Dashing Wave. Dare Defy Dee Don Donegal, or Aus tin. 1863. Jan. 19 Mar. 9 Mar. 25 Mar. 12 May 1 May - July 2 Sept. 30 Oct. 11 Sept. 23 Nov. 5 1S64. Jan, 9 Feb. 3 Feb. H Mar. 4 June Charleston. Coast of Texas. Pass Cavalo. :New Orleans Lat. 33°, long. 77°. Lat. 19°, long, 65° Oalvciton Mobile At sea Point Eossa New inlet St. Simon's sound. Oft" Rio Grande... Schooner.. Schooner . Delia Deiphina. Deer Off Doboy light, Ga, Near Masonbi )ro' . . . Oft Eeaufort, N. C. . , e' Off Mobile bay 1865. Feb. 17 1 Near Bayport, Fla. . Jan. 22jCalcasicu river Feb. 18 1 Charleston, S. C Dolly.... Denbigh. Elite Emily Ann Elizabeth Ann. . Enchantress Extra Eagle Edvin Ezilda Ewd. Barnard.. Empress E. J. Waterman Express Ellen Jane Eugenia Smith. May 1861 May May Roanoke river, N. C July Aug. Aug. Emma Eugenia Smith, Sept. Oct Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. 1862 Jan. Feb. Hampton roads Coast of Virginia Hatteraa Naval expedition Keystone State Bohio Corwin and Curri- tuck Rappahannock river Beaufort, N. C Barrataria bay Pass a rOutre Northeast Pass, Miss Tybee light Mississippi sound . . . Alexandria, Va Off Ptio Grande 17 Coast of Florida . . . . Lat. 28°, long. 91°.. Brazil! era ^^merica and Flag Kensington, &c Kitta tinny Magnolia Admiral Farragut Quaker City Wachusett Kittatrnny Kanawha Yazoo expedition Juniata Gem of the Sea Nansemond Stettin Owasco, Virginia, Aries Midnight Cambridge Pequot Metacomet Mahaska Chocura Monad nock and oth- ers Naval expedition Cumberland Daylight Resolute Cambridge South Carolina Vincennes and Miss. Savannah New London Perry Santiago de Cuba Connecticut Bohio FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 327 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vesBcl. Steamer... Sloop Schoouer.. Schooner. . Schooner., Schooner.. Ship Propeller.. Steamer... Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer. . . Schooner.. Steamer. . . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Sloop Armed sch. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Steamer. . . Sloop Sloop Schooner.. Sloop Steamer... Sloop Schooner.. Schooner. . Steamer... Steamer... Sloop Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Steamer... Steamer... Steamer... Schooner.. Steamer... Steamer... Elhs Edisto Elizabeth Eva Bell Eothen Eugenie Emily St. Pierre Eureka EUaWarley... Eugenia EllaD Elizabeth Emily. Emily ;. Emm'a Elizabeth Eliza ElmiraC'rnelius Eliza Elmer Eiias Keed Emma 1862 Feb. . Feb. 14 Mar. 14 Ma'r. 16 Mar. 18 April April May 20 May 22 May 29 June 26 July July 23 July 5 Aug. 21 Oct. 11 Roanolce island. Bull's Bay Newborn f )fF the Mississippi. Charleston Potomac river Lat. 28°, long. 97°.. North Carolina Charleston. Wilmington. Bull's bay. Lat. 27°, long. 75° Charleston. Bull's bay.. EnamaTuttle.. Ellen Exchange EmmaTuttle.. Emily Murray. Elizabeth Evansville Enterprise. Express.... Emma Amelia.. EliasBeekwith.. P^ugenie Emeline Emily Echo Eagle , Emma Bett Evening Star . . . Elizabeth , Emma Emma Eureka Emma. . . . Elmira.... Excelsior. Elizabeth Ella and Anna. Aug. Nov. Sept. l^ov. Nov. Dec. 1863, Jan. Feb. June Feb. Mar. May May April May l\Iay May May May May May 'June June July July- July July July Oct. Nov. Coast of Texas Lat. 26°, long. 77°... Velasco, Texas New inlet Indian river Happaliannock river Jupiter inlet Carson's landing. Kowan's expedition liestlcss Pcowau's expedition Owasco Blockadi'g squadron Potomac flotilla Hanti.Tgo de Cuba Hunchback and Whitehead Whitehead Kevf-tone State and Jas. Adger Mt. Vernon, Penob- Bcot, Mystic, and Victoria Pvestless and Flag Adirondack Hatteraa Biei.ville Flag and Pestless. Crocker's expedition Arthur Octortira Kittatinny Mt. Vernon and Cambridge Sagamore Anacostia Hope Cceur de Lion Sagamore Conestoga & Duch- Coast of S. Carolina bay, St. Andrew' Fla Mobile 16:At Fea , 2i;Urbana, Va 31 Lat. 2.5°, long. 83°., 18 Lat. 25°, long. 77°., 29 Warsaw sound, Ga 14 Lat. 23°, l> Brooklyn Union St. Bawrence Thomas Freeborn Wabash Vandalia Naval expedition (( Pawnee Gremsbok Resolute New Bondon and R. R. Cuyler Jamestown Louisiana Rowan's expedition Bohio Isilda Arthur Connecticut Currituck Commodore Morris Ottowa Somerset, &c. Naval expedition Estrella Octorara Juniata Kanawha, &a Ossipee Satellite Florida Tahoma Vinccnnes & Clifton Atlantic blockad'g uadron Tioga ISiphon and others Calypso Sunflower Beauregard Virginia. Daffodil and others Para Badona Bolus VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When oap- tured. "WTiere captured. By what vessel. Rebel st'r. . , Gunboat un finished . , Schooner..., Schooner..., Schooner..., Schooner.. • , Brig. , Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner Schooner... Brig Sloop. Hampton. Halifax... 1864 Pdchmond, Va Eoanoke river, N. C. Industry Iris , Island Belle.... Isabel or "W. R, King. Intended Ida Ida Inez Isabel Isabella Thomp- son Isabella English 8ch, Steamer.... Steamer..., Steamer.... Schooner. . , Schooner... Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner.., Bark Indian. Isabel . . Ivanhoe. Ida Schooner... Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Sloop Schooner. J. H. Etheridge. Jolin Hamilton. Jane Wright. . . . Julia Joseph H.Toone Judith Jorgen Lorent- zen Jane Campbell.. J. "W. "Wilder... Julia Joanna "Ward. . . 1861 May 15 May 27 Dec. 31 1862, Feb. 1 May 1 July 12 1863. Mar. 4 April 18 May 18 June 19 Mav 22 1864. April 10 May 28 July July 1861, Mav Jufy Aug. Hampton roads Bull's Island light. . Atchafalaya bay New inlet, N. Car. . • Lat. 26°N., long. 76° W. Charlotte harb'r Fla. Indian River inlet.. Mobile Lat. 41° N"., long. 67° W Wacassassa bay At sea Off Galveston. Off Mobile.... Sajpelc sound. Hampton roads Oct. Sept. Dec. Dec. 1862 Jan. Jan, Feb. Potomac river Beaufort, N. Car. Barrataria bay. Naval expedition Minnesota Augusta Montgomery Jamestown Mercedita J. S. Chambers Gem of the Sea R. R. Cuyler United States Fort Henry Vicksburg Admiral Fleet off Mobile Sonoma Minnesota Daylight, &c. Thomas Freeborn Cambridge South Carolina Pensacola navy yard Boat expedition from Dat, 6° N., Long! Colorado 37° "W iMorning Light Beaiifort, N. Car. . .State of Georgia 20 Mobile bar,., 24' New Orleans. R. R. Cuyler Mercedita, &c. J. J. McNeil..., Julia Worden., J. Cox. . . . I Julia, jjane. Jeff. Thompson, I Jeff. Davis I John Jan. Mar. Mar. May May June Mar. April H^.-olf ^- l«^S.,Harriet 30° W. Corpus Christi Cape Roman pas- sage Mobile long. Schooner ... I J. J. Crittenden Schooner . Brig Schooner, Sloop Schooner. April 10 Lat, 26° N., 83° w ; Memphis 14i Newbern 8 1 Pasquotank river, N. Carolina James Norcon . . .losephine John Gilpin.,.. John Thompson J. C. Rozer Mar. July Sept. Dec. Newtogan creek, N. Carolina Little River, N. C. . . Ship Island, Miss, . . Mississippi sound. . . Wilmington, Arthur Restless Cayuga. Kittatiimy R. R. Cuyler. Western flotilla Vessels in sounds of North Carolina Commodore Perry, &c. Shawsheen, &c. Hatteras Ivatahdin Restless Cambridge FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 333 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Sloop Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop..... Sloop Steamer. . Sloop.. .. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Sloop Mexican sch Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Schooner... Julia John C. Calhoun J. C. McCabe... John Williams.. J. D Clark... Joe Flanner.. Juniper Jane Adelie . . Justlna John "Walsh . . John Wesley. Julia . Schooner.. Steamer.... Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer.... 1863 Jan. Jan. Jan. Mar. April April May; April April May- June James Battle. J, T. Davis... Juno Jenny. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Jupiter. Tane... Jenny. John Scott. John Douglass.. Josephine Juanita Julia A. Hodges Judson Jupiter Julia James Williams John James Sandy John A. Hazard Julia. Julia. Josephine . John Hale. Kate. Kate. Jupiter inlet Chuckatuck creek . . Tames river Lat. 26° N., long. 76° W Tied river Mobile Gulf of Mexico Lat. 28° N., long. 78° W Kate . ICate. liiate. Kate. Sept. 13 Oct. — Oct. 6 1864. Jan. 7 Feb. 29 Mar . 24 April 11 April 6 April 30 June 2" July 12 Sept. 11 Oct. --^ Nov. Dec. 5 Dec. 23 1865, Jan. 14 Feb. 3 1862. April 2 Dec. 27 1863. Feb. 25 May 28 June 23 Aug. 1 Where captured. long. Lat, 28° N 83° W Lat. 25° N., Ion 76° W Rio Grande Off Wilmington, N. Ofl"Ilio'Grande....i Off Rio Brazos. Coast of Texas. Off Mobile. OffVelasco, Texas.. Saversota sotmd.... Off San Luis Pass... Matagorda bay Off Mobile bar At sea Off Sapelo sound. . . . Off Galveston OffVelasco Off Alexandria, Va. Lat. 26° N., long. 96° W Near Velasco, Texas Alligator creek, S. C. Off Brazos, St. lago, Texas Coast of Florida .... By what vessel. Wilmington St. Mark's river. Point Isabel light. . Indian river , New Inlet, N. C..., Sagamore Commodore Morris Zouavo Octorara Hartford Pembina Kanawha De Soto Tioga Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Circassian Tioga De Soto, &c. Cayuga Connecticut Virginia Cimarron & Nan- tucket Tennessee Virginia liennebec and otb- ers Penobscot Sunflower Virginia Estrella Conemaugh Proteus Nipsic Penobscot Augusta Dinsmore Adolph Hugel Fort Morgan Chocura Acacia Seminole Matthew Vassar Mount Vernon Roebuck Potomac flotilla Brooklyn Pursuit James Adger, &o. 334 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer.. Steamer. . Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Propeller. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner . Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner . Brig Sloop Sloop Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Bark Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner . Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer. . Kate Dale. Kaskaskia. 1863 July 14 Kate Dale. Laurie Lynchburg Louisa Leon Louisa , Louisa Agues. . . Lida Lizzie Weston . , Labuan , Lynnhaven. Lion Lizzie Taylor... Lydia and Mary. Lookout Liifayctte Liverpool Lewis White- more Lucy 0. Holmes. Lion LaCrioUa Little Rebel . . . . Louise Lucy Lilla L. Rebecca. Lizzie Lodona Lonely Bell. Louisa La Manche. Lavinia . . . . Lilly Levi Rowe. Landis Little Magruder, Lightning Laura Dudley., Ladies' Delight. Linnet Lady Walton... Lizzie Oct. 16 186L May 4 May 30i July 4 July 25 Aug. 11 Sept. 9 Dec. 1 1862. Jan. 19 Feb. 1 Feb. Feb. 5 Mar. 4 Mar. 9j April — April 4 April 10 May 6 May 27 Mar. 28 May 29 June 6 1 June 19' June 20 July 3 June 21 Aug. 2 Aug. 4 Max. 21 Aug. 23 Aug. 27 Aug. 31 Nov. 30 1S63. Jan. 19 Jan. 8 Mar. 15 April 27 May 14 May 21 June — July 15 Tampa bay. TTampton roads Chesapeake bay..., Galveston Potomac river , Cape Fear river . . . , Beaufort, N. Car... Off St. Simonds Boca Chica Elizabeth City, N.C. Lat.26°N.,long. 93° W Newbcrn Cape Roman passage Potomac river Georgetown At sea Pantago creek,N. C Charleston Mt'mi)his Lat. 29° N., ions. 83' W Hole in the Wall..., Coast of Noith Caro- lina Ossabaw sound Powell's Point Charleston Lat. 38° N., long. 6£ W Lat. 27° N, long, li W At sea New inlet New Orleans, La... White House Lat. 27° N., long. 86' W Urbana, Va Lat. 26° N., long.84' W White river Lat. 27° N., long. 75' W R. R. Cuyler Mississippi squad- ron. Tahoma and Adela Cumberland Quaker City South Carolina Thomas Freeborn Penguin Cambridge Seminole Itasca Portsmouth Delaware Kingfisher Rowan's expedition Restless Potomac flotilla Pursuit. Keystone State Colorado Santiago de Cuba Delaware Bienville Western flotilla Albatros Beauregard Quaker City Eohio Penobscot Unadilla General Putnam Bienville and Pel bina Ino Santiago de Cuba W. G. Anderson Mount Vernon :\dmiral Farragut'j fleet. Mahaska, &c. Bienville McClellan Currituck, &c Union Naval boat exp'n Santiago de Cuba FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 335 Class. ScTiooner... Steamer. Sloop.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Steamer... Boat , Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . , Schooner . . . English sch )> • . . . Sloop Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer Steamer.... Schooner . . , Schooner.... Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Sloop Schooner.... Schooner... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sc?iooner... Longboat... Schooner... Bark Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Name. Lady Maria. Louisville.. Last Trial.. Lizzie Davis... Leviathan, Laura...., Lydia.. Louisa Linda. Lilly Lauretta Lilly Laura Last Resort. . . , Little Ada.... Lilian Lynx Lucy Louisa , Louisa, Lady Sterling. Louisa Lucy Little Elmere. Lone Louisa Lowood Lady Hui-ley. Lilly Louisa Lecompte. . . Lady Davis. Mary & Virginia Mary Willis Mary Mary Clinton... McCanfield Mary Monticello Morning Star... Mary Alice Macao Mary Wood.... Mary E. Pindar Mabel When cap- tured. Where captured. 1863 July 6|Bay Port, Ela. E.cd River Oct. — Sept. 16 Sept. 22 1864 Jan. 18 Feb. 4 Feb. 11 Mar. 11 Feb. 28 Mar. 1 April 17 April 21 June 30 July 9 Aug. 24 Sept. 25 Nov. 2 Oct. 15 Oct. 12 Oct. 31 Oct. 12 Oct. 21 Nov. 9 Nov. 6 Nov. 24 Dec. 4 Dec. 6 1865. Jan. 6 Feb. 18 May 25 Lat. 25° 58' N., long. 85°11'W Off Southwest Pass . Ockockney river. . . Jupiter inlet Off Brazos River Off Mosquito inlet. . OffVelasco, Texas.. Off Indian River OffVelasco Jupiter inlet. At sea 1861. May 4 May 14 May 15 May 30 July 4 July 13 July 20 Off New inlet, N. C Lat. 32° 40' N., long. 77° 48' W Oft' San Luis Pass... Near Aransas Pass. Off Wilmington.... Off Aransas Pass, Texas Off'Payport, Fla.... Mobjack bay, Va... Lat. 28^^ N., long. 95'=' W Ear of St. Bernard . . Near Velasco, Texas Off' Velasco, Texas. . By what vessel. Off Galveston, Texas Arkansas Pass, Texas Galveston, Texas... Charleston, S. C Hampton Roads.... Mouth of Mississippi Galveston North Carolina.... Rappahannock river Potomac river Aug. 3 Sept. 5 Sept. 9, Sept. 22 Nov. A 5 Mouth of Mississipi^i Hatteras inlet De Soto and others Red river expedit'n Beauregard San Jacinto Do Soto Stars and Stripes Beauregard Queen Beauregard and Nor- folk packet Penobscot Roebuck Owasco Roebuck Gettysburg Keystone State and )thers Niphon and others Santiago de Cuba Mobile Chocura Calypso, Eolus, Fort Jackson Chocura Sea Bird Stepping Stones Fort Morgan Chocura Metacomet Penobscot Cornubia Cumberland Minnesota Powhatan South Carolina Roanoke Daylight Freeborn Wabash Brooklyn & StLouia Pawnee - - - Gemsbok ^w.^!°^.":.\°;!!'.!?lDaio VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer Pilot boat.. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Sloop Schooner... Schooner. Schooner. Ship Ship Sloop Sloop Schooner.. Schooner., Steamer.. Schooner. Brig Brig Schooner . Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Brig Schooner. Schooner. Major Barbour.. Mars Mary Lev.'is Margaret, alias "Wm. Heiuy.. Magnolia Mary Olivia Monterey Where captured. By what vesBcL 28 j Racoon Toi 11 1, La...;De Soto 5' Fernandina 'Keystone State 25_\[antle river, Fla. .. Kingfisher & others Mersey — Maria April Magnet '• Mary Teresa. . . . iMay Magnolia jMay Monitor June Mary Stewart. . . June- Morning Star. . . June Modem Greece. .1 „ Memphis [july Mail lAiig. Mary Elizabeth. Aug. Monte Christo..|July Mary Ann Mustang. . Maria Feb. G,Isle au Briton. Feb. April April April Sciota Schooner. Schooner. Schooner., Mary Grey.. Mont Blanc. Feb. Nov. Dec. Dec. Dec. Metropolis. . Milan Music Mercury. . . . Matilda . . , . Margaret... More Mail Minna 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. Jan. Magicienne. Mary Jane. Minnie Mattie Maggie Fulton . Minnie Major E. Willis Martha Ajin. . . . Maria Bishop... Mignionette . . . . M.^ssissippian . . . 19!Pass a I'Outre Brooklyn and others 2 j Apalachicola Mercedita, &:c. — Potomac river 'Potomac river 26i^ W.!!° f!:'.!!!"?:??/Santiago de Cuba SOjCharieston | „ — Fernandina Dunont'S expedition 10: Charleston TJnudilla. 1| Bei-n-ick bay Hatteras — ;Piankatank river. . . ' Anacosiia 3 Santee river ; Gem of the Sea 27 Frying Pan shoals.. Bienville Near Fort I^her...|%™bi^^J«' ^tars & At sea 'Magnolia Freeborn 24| Wilmington Stars & Stripes, &c. 10, Coast of Texas Arthur Kensington, &c. — Coast of Texas Arthur Kensington, &c. Essex T. A. "Ward Octorara 12 Sabine Pass. 3 Baton Eouge. 19 25 i Bahamas Feb. 1 Feb. Feb. Feb. New Orleans, La. . . . Chuckatuck creek. • . Charleston Matagorda bay Lat. 27° N., long. 83° W Mississippi river.... Shallot inlet Lat. 22° N., long. 28* W Wilmington Lat. 26* N., long. 82° W Lat. 23° N., long. 83° W Indian river inlet.. . Jan. 28 Mar. 24 April 6 April 13 April 8 April 20 i Bull's bay April 19 '^1— T—^— April 24 Mav 13- 14 May 17 May 19 June 1 May 19 Charleston Chesapeake bay. Urbana, Va At sea Piney Point Lawson's bay, Va. Gulf of Mexico. . . Admiral Farra gut's fleet Commodore Morris. Quaker City Henry Janes, «fcc. Tahoma, &c. Queen of the West Potomac flotilla ^'ictoria Onward State of Georgia, &c. Huntsville. Annie Gem of the Sea Ladona Powhatan Western World, &c. Currituck, «fcc. Courier Sophronia Primrose, &c. De Soto FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 337 UlasB. Name. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer.... Mobile 1863 Yazoo City. Yazoo Pass exped'n Steamer.. . . Magnolia. ...... Schooner.... Mary Jane June 18 July 24 July 2 Sept. 17 Sept. 13 Aug. 25 Clearwater harbor.. Brazos Santiago New inlet, Nrc... Baltimore, Md Potomac river Lat. 28° 32' N., long. 89°12' W Tahoma Steamer.... Steamer Sloop Steamer.... Merrimack Massachusetts.. Music Iroquois Yankee Adolph Hugel De Soto Montgomery. . . . MackCanfield.. May Schooner.. . . Schooner... . Rio Grande W. G. Anderson Cceur de Lion &c» 'Rritish s1;mr Mail Oct. 15 Oct. 20 Nov. 5 Nov. 4 Dec. 9 Nov. 27 Dec. 16 Nov. 26 Dec. 9 Nov. 14 1864. Jan. 13 Jan. 15 Jan. 10 Jan. 19 Mar. 6 Mar. 11 Mar, 12 At sea.. ....... .. Honduras & others British stmr Steamer.... Martha Jane.... Margaret and Jessie Near Cedar Keys.... Off Wilmington Off Rio Grande Off Mobile Anne, tender to Fort Henry Keystone State and others Schooner.... Matamoras Marshal J.Smith Maria Alberta. . Magnolia Mary Ann Minna ......... Owasco and Virginia Schooner.... Sloop Bay port, Florida. . . . Lat. 26° 15' N., long. 82° "W Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Ariel, tender to San Schooner. . . Lat. 26° 22' N., long. 97" w Antona Steamer.. . . Lat 23° 48' N., long. 78° 3' W ".. Circassian Mary Campbell. Mayflower Minnie. .... Schooner. . . Steamer Schooner . . . Near Pensacola Sarasope Pass, Fla. . Mosquito inlet Jupiter inlet Bermuda Union Beauregard Roebuck Sloop Sloop Schooner. . . British ech.. Maria Louise... Mary Mary Ann M. P. Burton... Off Wilmington Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 96° 5' W Grand'Gulf Aroostook Gulf of Mexico Schooner. . . Schooner... British sch.. Mary Sorley.... Maudoliae Maria Alfred... Afinnio . T. • . r • • . April 4 April 13 j> May 9 April, 29 Off Galveston Atchafalayabay.... Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 95° 5' "W Scioto" Nyanza Rachel Seaman Eng.steamer Lat. 34° N., long. 75° 28' W Connecticut English sch. Lat. 25° 25' N., long. 84° 30' W Honeysuckle M. O'Neill Matagorda Matagorda Mary Bowers. . . Medera. ........ Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer Schooner.... fVhooTifir. . May 5 July 8 Sept. 10 Oct. 29 Dec. 8 Dec. 3 Dec. 8 Dec. 19 1865. Jan. 3 Off "Washington, N. Carolina. Off coast of Texas.. Lat. 22° 50' N., long. 85° 47' W. Off Charleston, S.C. Pascagoular bar. .... Lat. 32° N., long. 78° Off Pass Cabello, Tex Gulf of Mexico Off Velasco, Texas.. Valley City Kanawha and others Magnolia S. Atlantic Block. Squadron J. P. Jackson and . Mary Stockdale Mackinaw Sloop Schooner . . . Mary Ann Morris. ......... Itasca Pocahontas Schooner.... Mary Ellen. .... Kanawha 338 VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED ClasB. Name. When cap- tured. "Wliere captured. By what vesseL Schooner. Schooner. Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Iron-clad (rebel) Steamer.. Matilda, Mary Agnes.... Matilde Malta Mary. . . . Mortcan. . Mab..... Missouri. 1865 Feb. 11 Feb. 18 Feb. 11 Mar. 3 Mar. 16 Off Pass CabcUo, Tex Aransas Pass, Texas Near Pass Cabello, Texas. Bayou Vermillion, Louisiana. Indian river, Fla... Ship. Brig. Mary T. Cotton. North Carolina. Nahum Stetson. Schooner., Schooner., Schooner. Napoleon. . . New Island. Newcastle... Sloop Steamer.. Brig Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Sloop New Eagle Nassau Napier Nathan'l Taylor Nellie Nonsuch Neustra Sonora de Eegla. Naniope June 1861. May 14 June 19 1862. Mar. 14 April 2 May 11 May 15 May 28 July 29 April 8 Sept. 23 Dec. 1 Charleston, S. C. Red river Hampton roads. . Mouth of Misciissippi river. Newbern Ajialachicola Lat. 23° N., long, 83° W. Coast of Cuba "Wilmington Pasquotank river, N. Carolina. Ossabaw Sound, Ga. Bahama Banks Port Royal Penobscot GUde Pursuit Minnesota Brooklyn, < Rowan's expedition Mercedita, &a Bainbridge Sea Foam State of Georgia, «fec. Mount Vernon, &c. Commodore Perry, &c. Alabama Tioga General &,c. Diana Sherman, Schooner., Schooner., Schooner.. Steamer.. Schooner., Steamer.. Steamer.. Nashville.. Nicolai 1st. Neptune... Nellie New Year. Nymph.... Natchez... Nanjemoy. Nita Neptune. . . Fort McAllister Cape Fear river... Charleston. Port Royal Tortugas Coast of Texas Sloop Sloop Steamer.. Schooner.. Steamer.. Irou-elad (rebel).. Nutfield Nan-Nan. . . . Nina , Neptune Night Hawk. Neptune Cone river Gulf of Mexico Lat. 25° N„ long. 85^ "W. Montauk Victoria, &c. S. Atlantic Block. Squadron South Carolina Sagamore Rachel Seaman Yazoo Pass exped'n. Yankee DeSoto Lackawanna Nansemond. . Nashville. . . . Baxk Schooner.. Octavia Olive Branch. . 1863. Feb. 28 Mar. 21 April 19 Mar. 29 Aprn 26 April 22 May —I July 15 Aug. 17 June 14 1864. eb. 4 eb. 24 Feb. 27 May 6 Sept. 29 Nov. 19 1865. April — May 10 1861. May 16 Hampton road-s Star June 23 Mississippi sound... I Massachusetts Sassacus Nita Roebuck New river inlet. Suwannee river. Indian river.... Tampa bay Sunflower Niphon Off Brazos de Santi- Princess Royal ago, Texas. Richmond, Va. FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 339 Class. Scliooner. . , Pungy Schooner..., Sloop Schooner..., Schooner.... Sloop Steamer.... Sloop Bchooner.... Steamer.... Schooner.... Barkantine, Schooner... Schooner.., Steamer.... British sch., Ocean Eagle . . . , Odd Fellow Oliver S. Breeze Oconee Ocean Bird Sloop Eng. schn'r, Schooner... Schooner... Bark Ship Bark Schooner.., Schooner... Schooner. ., Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner.., Sloop , Schooner. . , Steamer..., Sloop , Steamer. . . , Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner. . , Schooner. . Sloop Boat...... Sloop Schooner.. Steamer... Steamer... (Steamer... Sloop, Name. Ocean "Wave... Ocean Wave..., Olive Osceola , Olive Branch... Ocilla O. K Old North State. Octavia Orion Ouachita. . Orion Oscar. O.K Oramoneta. Oregon. Pioneer Perthshire Pilgxim Petrel Prince Leopold. Prince Alfred... Prince of Wales, P. A. Sanders Palma Pioneer President.... P. 0. Wallis. Poody Patras Providence.. Princeton.... Planter Post Boy.... Pathfinder... Pointer Prize Potter Pride. Pearl Princess Royal Peterhoif Petee When cap- tured. Where captured. Hatteras inlet.... Potomac river.... Mississippi sound. Coast of Florida... Cedar Keys JSTewbern Appalachicola Lat. 22° ]Sr., long. 87' W. Coast of Carolina. . . New Orleans. 1861 Sept. 9 July 18 Nov. 22 Dec. 9 1862, Jan. 21 Jan. 10 Feb. — Mar. 14 April 2 July 24 Oct. 14 Dec. — 1863. Jan. 19 April 15 May 16 Aug. — Oct. 23 1864. May 1 AprH 27 April 18 Aug. 24 1861. May 25 June 9 June 7 July 28 Aug. 22 Sept. 28 Dec. 24 1862. Mar. 14 Feb. 20 Mar. 16 April 4 May 17 May 20 May 29 June — May 7 Mar. 14 Nov. 2 Oct. 3l! Dec. 20 1863. June 3 1 Potomac river June 21 Frying Pan shoals. June 20! June 29jCharleston Feb. 25jSt. Thumas Mar. lol By what vessel. Little Piver inlet, N. Carolina. Anclote Key Near Savannah Off St. Aug-ustine in- let. Lat. 26° 5' N., long. 83° 20' W. Coast of Florida.... Off St. Augustine, Florida. Biloxi bay Hampton roads Gulf of Mexico Pass a I'Outre Charleston New York , Hatteras inlet , Georgetown , Newborn. Pawnee Resolute New London, Kingfisher, «Skc. Hatteras Santiago de Cuba Rowan's expedition Mcrcedita Quaker City Memphis Calhoun Admiral Farragut's fleet Monticello Two Sisters Norfolk packet Fox, tender to S. Jacinto Union Beauregard Narcissus Minnesota. Massachusetts. Brooklyn. St. Lawrence. ( olloctor of the port Susquehanna Gem of the Sea Rio Grande Mississippi river. Pass Christiana. . Vermillion bay.. Charleston Tortugas banks.. Pamunkey river Rowan's expedition Portsmouth Owasco Hatteras, &c. Hatteras Bienville Susquehanna Currituck Vessels in sounds of N. Carolina Penobscot Reliance Octorara Currituck Cbocura Tioga TJnadilla, &c. Vanderbilt Gem of the Sea 340 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner... Schooner. . . Pacifique . . . . Pushmataha. Steamer. ... I Planter. . . I Steamer. . . . Powerful . I Steamer .... Phantom . 1863 Mar. 27 June 13 June 15 St. Mark's Tortugas Lat. 27° N., long. 86° W Deo. 20 Suwannee river..., Steamer — Steamer. . . , Presto. Pet.... Sloop.... Steamer. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Small boat.. Steamer Sloop Schooner... Sloop Steamer Rebel steam. Persis Pevensey... I Pocahontas. Prince Albert Pancha Larispa. Peep O'Day. Petrel Pickwick .... Sept. 23 1864. Feb. 2 Feb. 16 Mar. 12 June 9 July 8 Oct. 29 Oct. 27 Near Pdch inlet, N, Carolina Sul livan's island. . . . Off Lockwood's Fol- ly inlet Off "Wasnaw sound, Ga : Bam , Schooner . . . Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner . . . Schooner... Armed rebel schooner. . Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner . Steamer. . Schfloner. Schooner, Schooner. Brig Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Pet Phantom Philadelphia... Patrick Henry Qu'noftheWest Tling Dove.... Kichard Lacey. Remittance..!. Revere Reindeer Royal Yacht... Rattler Dec. 15 Dec. 6 1865. Feb. 7 Mar. 3 Jan. — April — 1863. April — 18G1. July 16 OS Charleston, S. C. OffYeiasco, Texas.. Near Indian river, Fla New inlet, N. C Coast of Florida Galveston bay.... Suwannee river... Sounds of N. Car. Richmond, Va.... Red river. Ark. Aug. 28 Sept. 10 lEastern Shore, Md. I Potomac river 1.... „ Beaufort, N. C... Nov. Galveston. Reindeer .. R. C. Files Rebecca... Puowena... Rich'd O. Bryan J Resolution Reindeer.. Reliance. . . 1862. Jan. 10 Cedar Keys April 2iAppalachicola April 20 -^ Rambler Rising Sun Revere Robert Bruce . , Reindeer , Racer Rising Dawn,., Richards May 29 June 6 une 4 April 4 July 9 July 21 Sept. 9 Sept. 5 Oct. 11 Oct. 22 Sept. 17 Oct. 30 1863. Jan. 10 Feb. 1 Potomac river. . Mobile Charleston Stono inlet Coast of Texas.. Pass Christian.. Coast of Texas. . Lat. 28< W... N., long. 94° Cape Fear river Shallot inlet, N. C. NewinietVN.'c!!!!! Bocos Grande Stars and Stripes (Sunflower Lackawanna Fox, tender to S. Ja- cinto Connecticut Lehigh and others Montgomery Massachusetts and others Xewbem Azalia and Sweet Brier S. Atlantic Blockad- ing squadron Sciota Pursuit Sunflower Boat expedition Honeysuckle Estrella, &c. Potomac flotilla Thomas Freeborn Yankee Cambridge Dart Expedition from Santee Hatteras Mercedita, &c. Potomac flotilla Kanawha Bienville Pawnee and others Rhode Island Hatteras Arthur Hunts ville Connecticut Wyandank Monticello, &c. Penobscot W. G. Anderson Daylight Octorara Two Sisters FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 341 Clasa. Schooner, Steamer.... Sloop Sloop Sloop Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Ram .... Sloop Schooner. . Sloop Schooner. . Schooner... Sloop ..,.. Schooner.. Steamer... British sch. Mexican sch Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer.... Sloop Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer.... British sch. . British st'r. Sloop. , Sloop , Steamer.... Schooner... Iron-clad, rebel. Iron -el ad, rebel. Bi-ig Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Bark Schooner... Bark Schooner... Name. Rowena , Hose Hamilton Relanpago , When cap- tured. 1863 Fel). Mar. Mar. Mar. 18 Ranger Mar. 25 Rising Dawn Royal Yacht.... April 15 1-iipple May 18 Kapid ,|April24 R. J. liockland. May 24 Republic ! Richard Vaux.. June 20 Rebekah June 18 Relempago.. Revenge .... Eenshaw.... Richard Robert Knowies R. E. Lee, for merly Giraiie. Ring Dove Raton del Nile . Rosita Roebuck. Ranger. Racer Rebel . . . Rosina . . Resolute. R. S. Hood. Rouen. Racer . . . Reliance. Ruby.... Rob Roy Richmond. Roanoke. R. H. Vei-milyea Soledad Cos. Sarah and ]Stary Star July July : July ■ Aug. ; Sept. : Nov. Dec. ] Dec. 1864. Jan. ; Jan. 14 Where captured. Carson's landing. Charlotteharbor,Fla Lat. 26° N., long. 76 W Crystal river New inlet Galveston Mobile GuK of Mexico . . . . , Yazoo City Potomac river Lat. 27° N., long. 83' W Lat. 25° N., long. 82 W Calcasieu Washington, N. C. Charlotte harbor. . . By what vessel. New Era Conestoga, &c. J. S. Chambers Octorara Fort Henry. &c. Mount Vernon, &c. W. G. Anderson Kanawha De Soto Yazoo Pass exped'n. »♦ Primrose J. S. Chambers Jan. 11 Jan. Feb. Oft' "Wilmington. Jasmine Owasco .! Louisiana . Gem of the Sea . Coeur de Leon .James Adger Off Indian river, Fl a Roebuck East of Padre island, JNew London Texas . Gulf Western Metropolis Lat. 26° 23' N.; long. San Jacinto 88° 59' W. Near Lockwood'sj Minnesota and oth* Folly inlet. ers Off Cape Canaveral. [Beauregard Indian river | Roebuck April 13 San Luis Pass Virginia May 12|Cape Ca,naveral.. . .iBeauregard June 2 Off Georgetown .... ! Warasutta June Savannah Sallie M agee Sally Moars July 2 Aug. 2 Nov. 9 1865. Feb. 27 Mar. 2 April — April — Mar. 12 1861. Sept. 11 May 1 May 17 June 3 long. Lnt. 23° 2' N. 77° W. Lat. 32° 50' N. ; long. 75° 40' W. Off Bull's Bay Mobjack bay, Va. . . At sea Steinhutchie Fla. Richmond, Va river, Lat. 27° N., long. ! W. Galveston Hampton roads. Charleston June 26! Hampton roads.. July li.... „ Proteus Keystone state Hope Stepping Stones Proteus Fox Quaker City South Carolina Cumberland Miimesota Perry Quaker City Minnesota 342 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Schooner.. Schooner. . Bark Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner., Schooner., Steamer... Schooner.., Schooner., Schooner. Schooner. . . Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Sam Houston. Shark Solferino Sarah Starr... Susan Jane... San Juan Specie Salvor Somerset S. T. Garrison Sarah & Carol'c Stephen Hart. . . Sloop Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner . Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer. . Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Sloop Steamer.. Bark Sloop..... Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner.. Bark Schooner. Jan. Feb. Feb. Spitfire I Mar. ~ ■ • " - Ma.T. Stag star ."^ca Bird. When cap- ture il. 1861 July- July June Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. June Where captured. Galveston 4 „ 26 Rattlesnake shoals. . 3 Wilmington 10, Hatteras inlet 28|.... „ 12|Lat. 3rN.,long.80° 131 Tortugas 8 Maryland By what veseeL 29 10 Dec. 11 St. John's river, 1862, Jan. South Carolina Vandalia, &c. Wabash Pawnee Susquehanna I Dale 'Keystone State I Resolute Louisiana 'BienvUle Sarah A. Fal- coner. Sarah Ann Sidney C. Jones Sea Foam Southern Inde- pendence. Sarah Stettin Dat. 24° N., long. 82° Supply W. I Cedar keys 8|Bayon Lal'oiirche . . — Roanoke island.... — : AVest coast of Fla. . 14 Newbern Hatteras De Soto Rowan's expedition Ethan Allen Rowan's expedition April — Potomac river Potomac flotilla Swan Schooner. Schooner. Sarah Sovereign Sumter Sereta Sarah Sarah Susan Ann How- ard. Scuppernong... Sabme S. C. Jones Southerner Sunbeam Swan ,. . . Scotia Sophia S. W. Green . . . Southern Mer- chant. St. Charles. Sallie Robinson. Silas Henry.... Stonewall Springbok Sue Surprise. April May May May June June June June June Mar. 10! Off Mobile.. I 1 BuU's bay.. 24 Charleston. Lat. 23° N., long. 82* W. 15 Coast of Cuba , 5 Memphis June April Aug. Sept. Sept. Feb. Oct. Nov. Xov. Dec. 14 Shallow inlet, N. C. 20 Charleston 3 Berwick bay 14i Newberu 9 Indian Town, N. C. 19! 11! 22iCone river 28'Xew inlet, N. C — I Coast of Texas Bull's bay Masonborough inlet 1863. Jan. 19 New Orleans, La. . Jan. Feb. Feb. Mar. Mar, 20 Point Rosa, Florida, Lat. 25° N., long. 73' W. Little River inlet... 13 1 Lat. 26° N., long. 83' I W. Kanawha Onward Bienville Bainbridge, &c. Sea Foam Western flotiUa Penobscot Keystone State, &c Hatteras Vessels in sounds of N. Carolina General Putnam Wyandank State of Georgia, &c, Ai-thur Restless Daylight, &c. T. A. Ward Diana Admiral Farragut's Tahoma Julia, &c. Sonoma Monticello Hunts ville FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 343 ClaBS. Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Sloop Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . British bark British sch. Bark British sch. Ens:, scli'ner Schooner.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner Schooner... Sloop Schooner.... Steamer.... Name. St. John's St. Georp:e Samuel First. . . . Sarah Lavinia.. Sea Bird Sea Lion Secesh Scotland Star of the West Star Sea Drift Statesman Saralo. Southern Star.. Southern Eights Shot Sir William Peel St. Mai-y's Spauldiisg Scottish Chief.., Saxon Sallie Science , Silvanus Susan Swift St. Mary's Spunky Stingray Scotia , Sloop Steamer. . . . Schooner.... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner.. . Schooner... Brig Rebel stm'r Kebel stm'r Schooner.... Schooner Schooner.. . . Sophia... Sylphide Swallow. Spunky. . Siren.... Sarah Mary. Selma Sea Witch. Sybil Susanna. Sorts Stag Syren Salvador Sort Sar. M. Newhall Shrapnell Spray Theresa C... Tropic Wind. TrosFreres... When cap- tured. Where captured. 1861 April 18|Cape Homain inlet. April 22 May May May May May May Fort Fisher, N. C. Potomac river Gurritoman river. . . Lat. 29° N., long. 87' W. Mobile Charleston May 30 Brazos Santiago June 22 Matagorda island... June 6 1 Tampa, Florida. . . . May 28 j Great Wicomico Aug. 6 St. Martin's reef. . . Aug. 8 Gilbert's bar Aug. Oct*' Oct. 16 Oct 30 Dec. 20 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 2 Jan. 11 Feb. 9 Feb. 29 Mar. 1 Mar. 8 Mar. 9 Mar. 20 April 7 June 5 June 26 Aug. 5 Dec. 31 Nov. 21 Nov. 27 Dec. 10 1865, Jan. 19 Feb. 18 Feb. 25 Feb. April — Off Bio Grande Yazoo City Lat. 31° N., long. 80» W. Tampa bay Coast of Africa Oif Wilmington Off Rio Grande 1861 May 4 May 20 June 23 Doboy sound, Ga... Off Jupiter inlet. . . . Wassaw sound St. John's river Fort Caswell, N.C.. OffVelasco, Texas.. Lat. 32° 34' W., long. 77° 18' W, Altamaha sound, Ga. Off Coast of Texas. Off Elbow Light.... Off Cape Canaveral. South of Cape Look- out. Mosquito inlet Mobile bay Lat. 27° W. By -what vessel. N., long. 93"^ Off Campeachy b'ks Anclote keys Cape Fear river. . . . Charleston, S. C At sea Cedar keys, Fla S. A. squadron Richmond, Va Stettin Mount Vernon, &c. Dragon Primrose De Soto Aroostook, «&c. Canandaigua Yazoo Pass exped'n Brooklyn Itasca. Tahoma Satellite Fort Henry Sagamore Seminole Mississippi squadr'n Union Tahoma and Adela Vanderbilt Connecticut Owasco N., long. 93° W. Mobjack bay New Orleans, La. By -what veeaeL i South Carolina ^ »» Dana >> Eoanoke, &c. Cambridge Kingfisher llestless Octorara Maratanza Kensington Freeborn Albatross "W. G. Anderson Sagamore Crusader Admiral Farragut'fl fleet Cambridge H. Hudson New inlet Lat. 27° N., long. 83" W. Sabine Pass Cayuga, &c. Great Wicomico...- fcJalellite Cape Canaveral.... Sagamore Tensas Hver Mississippi squadr'n Potomac river i Currituck &. Fuchsia Near Eio Grand e...i Granite City Texas. Torpedo.., Transport . Union. Uncle Mose..., Union 1861. June 5 1862. July 7 Aug. 25 Off Indian river.... Roebuck Homasassa river. . . . 'Nita Lat. 34° 6' N., long. Kansas 77° 27' W. Lat. 32° 38' N., long. Fort Jackson 75° 55' W. Off Indian riv. inlet. Mobile bay. Perquimon's river, N, Carolina. Lat. 25° N. ; long. 96° W. Richmond, Va Richmond, Va.. Charleston, S. C. Coast of Yucatan . . . Lat. 23° N.; long. 85= W. Roebuck W. Gulf blockading squadron Wyalusing Quaker City Part of N. squadron Harriet Lane Tahoma J. S. Chambers A. B FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 345 Class. Schooner. Schooner, Scbooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Name. When cap- tured. Union. Venus. . Velasco Venus.. Sloop Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Sloop Steamer.. Steamer.. Brig British sch. Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Rebel iron- clad Schooner,... Schooner... Bark Yacht Schooner.. . Schooner. . Sloop Schooner. , Schooner. . Schooner, Schooner.. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer. . Schooner. , Sloop Sloop Steamer.. Schooner,. Victoria. Victoria. Venus . . . Volaiite. Victoria. Venture. Velocity. Virginia. Vesta. . . . Victoria. Victoria. Victory. . Venus... Volante . Volante. Vesta . . . Vixen... Virginia. , 18C3, JMay 19 1861. July 4 July 18 Dec. 26 Dec. 3 1862. April 10 May 15 July 2 July 12 June 19 Sept. 30 1863 Jan. 18 Feb. 28 May 28 May 30 June 21 Oct. 21 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 12 Dec. 1 1865. ilar. — 1861. May 15 May 25 May 14 Dec. 25 1862. Jan. 10 Where captured. Lat. 27° ]Sr. long, 85= Galveston Coast of N. Carolina Lat.28°N.;long. 93° W. Point Isabel By what vessel. "William & John William Henry. "Winifred Wanderer William H. Nor- throp. Wyfe or Nye. . . . William H. Mid. dleton. Wave Feb. 1 Wandoo Feb. 14 William Mallory May 5 Wave April 19 W. C. Bee April 23 Winter Shrub. . . May 21 Whlteman JMay 6 Will 0' th e Wisp ! June 3 Water Witch... iMay 5 Wave jJune 27 Wilson [July 9 William July 1 Mobile Lake Ponchartrain Georgetown, S. C. . Lat.26°N.: long. 76° W. Mobile bay Mugue's island Piney Point Havana Point Isabel Lat. 25° N.; long. 75' W. New inlet, N. C... Off Rio Grande Oli'Cape Canaveral. Between Tubb's riv er and Little inlet. N. Carolina. Lat. 32° N.; long. 78"= W. Richmond, Va. Hampton roads. Cape Henry. Key West... Cape Fear... Cedar keys. Boca Chico Bull's bay St. Andrew's bay.. Georgetown Huntsville South Carolina Vlbatross Rhode Island Santiago de Cuba Kanawha Calhoun Gem of the Sea, &c. Mercedita Morning Light Crocker's expedition Wachusett Wyandank Juniata Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Nansemond Owasco &. Virginia Beauregard Rhode Island Keel's creek, N. G . . Lake Pontchartrain. Rio Grande Mississippi sound,. Hamilton, N. C Sabine lake, La. ... , Minnesota Quaker City Crusader Fernandina Hatteras Portsmouth Restless Water Witch G. W. Blunt Santiago de Cuba Hunchback, ifec. Calhoun. Montgomery Currituck, &c Bohio. Com'dore Perry, *o, De Soto 346 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . . Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner,... Sloop Schooner.., Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Scliooner.., Schooner..., Schooner.., Steamer.... Schooner... British sch, Steamer.... British sch. Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner..., Schooner.... Steamer.... Schooner..., Steamer... Steamer... West Florida Water Witch... Wave Water Witch. . . Wm E. Chester Wm.TI.Harrison Wm. A. Ivnapp. White Cloud... Wave Queen. . . . AVanderer W.Y. Leitch... Wonder Wm. Bagley. Wave Tug..... Rebel priv'r schooner. British slo'p Steamer. Sloop. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer.... Sloop. 1862. Sept. 27 Nov. 4 Aug. 24 Nov. 20 1863. Jan. 24 William. Warrior. William. Wm. A. Kain... AYildPaiTell... Wm. Douglass.. Wild Pigeon Wando Watchful. Will o' the Wisp Winona Young America. York Young Racer.. Young Republic Yankee Doodle, Zeland , Zavala . Zulima , Zouave. Zion. Kensington, i Corpus Christi Arthur E. B.Hale Aiizoua Pass Corypheus Montgomery Feb. 25 May 2 April 20 May 13 July 18 Aug. 22 Oct. 28 Aug. 16 1864. Jan. 13 Jan. 22 Feb. 1 Feb. 1") Mar. 21 Oct. 21 Sept, 27 1865. Feb. Jan. 21 1861. April 24 Aug. — 1864, Jan. 14 May June 10 1861. Nov, 21 Oct. North Santee. Lat. 20° N.; long. 76' W. Port Royal, S. C... Lat, 26° N.; long. 96' W. Lat. 26° N.; long, 86° W. Off Suwannee river. St. Andrew's bay. , , Stump inlet, N, C. San Luis Pass Florida coast Lat. 33° 5' N. ; long. 76° 40' W. Lat. 28° 46' N.; long, 90° 53' W. Off Galveston, Texas Mississippi Squadr'n Hampton Roads. . . . Cape Hatteras Near Jupiter's inlet. Lat. 32° 10' N.; long. 78°49' W. Entrance to Pearl river. Miss. Off Tampico bay Vermillion bay 1864. Nov. New Era Conemaugb Sacramento Octorara Wabash, &c. De Soto, &c. Cayuga Mercedita Gertrude Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Restless Norwich, &c. Virginia Hendi ick Hudson Fort Jackson Arkansas Cumberland Union Roebuck Grand Gulf Elk Connecticut Himtsville New London Mississippi squadr'a Adolph Hugel FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 347 MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. Description. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. 1861 Dee. lllOff St. .Tohn'srivfir. T^la... Bienville May 28 Oct. 5 Chh^o.ntMP-MP inlp.t Scboonei" Oct 11 1 Oil an t.ico crfifik . .. .... Union Slonr .. . . Aug. 16 Nov. 15 Potomac river Yankee St. Lone bar ... ... . . Sam Houston. Dec. 15 1862. Jan. 24 Jan. 23 Jan. 10 Mar. 14 Bienville Bark Ilatteras Ijauncli - Fprrv •s.rciw . ...... " Roanoke, N. C Naval expedition Scbooner Feb. 10 Jan. 22 Feb. - Feb. 12 Elizabeth City Commodore Perry Ariel. Schooner New gunboat Rowan's expedition Louisiana &c Edenton, N. C " " Schooner " Lieut. Jefffer's expedition Schooner ........... Isle au Pied Mar. 3 " Schooner ••• Sullivan's island Rappahannock river S. Atlantic Blockading Squadron April — " Schooner. • " Hatteras Schooner. .......... April 12 April 26 May 8 Coast of South Carolina. BulPs bav TTnroTi Light-house inlet Santiago de Cuba Tahoma Schooner April 24 June 6 Ma^: - June 17 June — May — May 4 July - Cedar kevs. ... . . Steamer ............ Memphis. .... Steamer. .. ........ " " Near Sabine river Table land of Mariel Santiago Cuba ' Bark Schooner, (supposed to be Monticello.) TjOti o" p^er ... "West Point, Virginia. . . . nnrTV^in Xrt^ 1,200 bars railroad iron. Steamer St. Simon's sound, Ga. . . Newbem N C Naval expedition Steamei- iiar. 21 Delaware 348 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED Description. When cap- tured. "WTiere captured. By what Sloop Schooutu- Sloop Sloop A wharf boat Schooner A n old launch Three boats One seven-oaredboat Metalic life-boat. .. . Two canoes Three boats One seine boat Schooner -Brig Schooner Bark Pilot schooner Schooner Schooner Vessel on stocks.. . . Schooner Schooner Schooner Scows and boats Two sloops Schooner Plat-bottomed boat. Launch Two sloops Sloop Nine boats Fifteen boats Pive boats Sloop Eight boats Scow JLighter Boat Aug. 11 Aug. 12 July 10 July 29 Sept. 26 Oct. 1 Oct. 3-5 Oct. 9 Oct. 17 Oct. 24 Nov. 1 Nov. 16 Nov. 17 Potomac river.. Sturgeon creek. Eunice New inlet, N. C. Quantico creek.. Potomac river. Masonborough inlet. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov. 25 Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. Sloop Sloop Bark Bark Scow Sloop Ptcbel vessel, (bldg.) Pebel vessel, (bldg.) Pebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Bebei vessel, (bldg.) Canoe Sloop Four clinker-built boats. Two small boats. . . . Two canoes Nine canoes Thi-ee boats Dec. 20 Dec. - Dec. 2i 1863. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Shallow inlet Masonborough inlet. Nassau river North river East river. New inlet.., Floro creek Bell river.. York river., Indian river, Pla. White House .... „ ............ Newport News, Va Capture of New Orleans. Dividing creek, Va. Chuckatuck creek.. Jan. 2( Jan. 2i Jan. 24 25. Indian creek.. Tabb's creek.. Potomac river. Arthur Pittsburg State of Georgia- Eureka. T. A. Ward >> Jacob Bell Matthew VassM Freeborn T. A. Ward Cambridge Daylight Chocura E. B. Hale General Putnam, &c. Crusader Mt. Vemon, & Dan Smith Calhoun Sagamore Mahaska, &c. Diana Octorara Mahaska Minnesota, &c. Admiral Farragut's fleot Currituck Commodore Morris Currituck George Maugham FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 34:9 Description. When cap- tured. "WTiere capttired. By what vesseL Schooner. Vessel. . . . 1863 Jan. 21 Topsail inlet. Feb. 121 Sloop , Two boats , Schooner , Canoe Schooner Schooner Schooner Brig , Sloop "Wharf boat Sloop. Schooner Schooner Steamer Six vessels, &c Steamer " 35th Par allel" Schooner , T-wo transports...., Monster ram Horses and "Wagons, Fishing scow Schooner Flat-boat Sloop boat Scow boat Skiff and flat , Barge Flat Sloop boat , Schooner Sloop , Sloop Canoe Flat-boat , Lot of Merchandise Dry-goods and shoes Four canoes 20' Jan. Feb. 9 Feb. 2 Topsail inlet... Mar. 13 Mar. 2 Mosquito inlet. Daylight George Mangham Oommodore Morris Dan Smith Mt. Vernon CcBur de Leon Sagamore Mar. 24 Boat expedition April 19 Charleston , AprU 10 Sabine Pass "New London April 8 "Warrenton | Hartford AprU 24 "Wassaw sound, Ga ICimmaron May 2 Rich inJet iPerry. May 14 Drbana, Va i Cturituck, &c. May 20 Charleston ' May 1-8 Western World, &o. j Yazoo Pass expedition May May May 4 schooners 11 bbs. of turpentine Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner and launch Row-boat 3 rolls bagging... Scow Scow Sloop Schooner Steamer Schooner Schooner Schooner Sloop Steamer May June June June June June May May July July July July July 17 July 20- 21. July 8-9 July 24 July 8 July 9 June 22 July 14 10 Moirell's inlet Conemaugh, &c. — i Yazoo Pass expedition 20 Yazoo City Naval expedition Mississippi squadron 30 Brooklyn June 24 July 19 July 8 Sept, 28 June 30 Oct. - Oct.' 7 Dec. 31 Mantau river, Fla Withlacoochee river, Fla Withlacoochee river, Fla Crystal river, Fla Wacassassa bay White House Cumberland Charlotte harbor, Fla Rappahannock river Charles county, Md. Dividing creek, Va.. Coast of Texas . Coast of Texas Neuse river. Old Haven creek... Coast of Louisiana. Off Sabine Pass Matagorda bay Tahoma Fort Henry Shokokon Commodore Morris Restless Yankee, &c. Ccetir de Leon Currituck Sciota De Soto Sciota Boat expedition Annie Tahoma Fort Henry Restless Currituck Cayuga Granite City, &c. 350 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Description. Sloop boat. Schooner Twelve oyster boats. Boat Sloop. Skitf Schooner Schooner Schooner Two canoes Schooner Twenty-two boats.. Twenty-six small boats. Large barge Seven boats (bldg.). Three boats Steamer Sail-boat Twenty-two boats. Nine boats Bosin Turpentine Sugar ■Railroad iron Sugar Bacon Horses Wheat Tobacco Schooner Four scows Rifles— 9 Eifles, &o Schooner Sloop boat Sloop Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Boat Steamer Cargo of eloop, name unknown. Rebel torpedo boat. 3 rebel torpedo boats One lighter Iron, cables, anch'rs, &c. Flat-boat Machinery, &c When cap- tured. 1863 Dec. 14 1864. Jan. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 13 Mar. 11 Feb. 8 Feb. 23 Mar. 28 April 18 May 15 July 4 Aug. 9 Sept. 2 Oct. 4 Mar. 11 Mar. 11 Mar 16 Mar. 21 Ap'r'il 18 July 28 June 30 Aug. 5 Aug. 24 Nov. 21 Oct. 24 Nov. 5 Nov. 29 Dec. 3 Dec. 27 1865. Jan. 27 Feb. 4 Feb. 27 April April Where captured. By what vessel. Indian river, Fla. Morrell's inlet, S. C. York river Lat. 24° N. ; long. SS" W. Caney creek, Texas Running from Va. to Md. Matagorda bay Up tlie Rappahannock.. . Tui-key creek Lat. 27° 41' N. ; long. 78' 54' W. Off Charleston Potomac river Piankatank river. . . Up St. John's river. Up Rappahannock. Gatesville, N. C Mobile Mobile bay Masonboro' inlet Bruinsburg, Miss Tampa bay, Fla Ofl' Little Malco, Fla Off Charleston, S. C Decross's Point, Texas.. Off Cape Fear river Western bar Manitee river Beach inlet, S. C. Wando river, S. C. Columbus Charleston, S. C. Wilmington, N. C. Windmill Point, Va .... Richmond, Va Roebuck Nipsic Morse San Jacinto Dragon Estrella Potomac flotilla Commodore Perry Magnolia Katskill Primrose Potomac flotilla Pawnee's launch Pawnee and others Potomac flotilla Whitehead Glasgow W. Gr. B. squadron Niphon Avenger Nita Rosalie Patapsco Itasca Emma and others Monticello Ino and Ariel Wamsutta, &c. Jonquil and others Mercury N. A. B. squadron The number of the prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 1867), is seven hundred and thirty. The total amount of money FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 351 involved — including that for distribution to the captors, and that which is passed to the credit of the United States — is about $25,000,000. Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to thirty-eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- cated about six hundred prizes, the most of which will probably be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. UNION VESSELS CAPTUEED OE DESTEOYED BY THE DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. BY THE ALABAMA. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Alert bark New London Sept. 9, 1862. . . 391 Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 13, 1862. . . SOO Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6,1863... 595 Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1863 . . . 481 A. P. Schmidt, ship . . .St. Thomas July 2, 1863. . . 784 Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 1862. . .1295 Avon, ship Howland's Island Mar. 29, 1864. . . 980 B'nde Castine, brig...Castine Oct. 29, 1862... 267 Ben). Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1862 ... 800 B. Thayer, ship CaUao Mar. 1, 1863. . . 896 Brilliant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862. . . 839 Charles HUl, ship Liverpool .• Nov. 25, 1 863 . . . 699 Chastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1863 . . . 240 Conrad, bark .Montevideo June 20, 1863 .. . 347 Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863... 1098 Corsair, schr Provincetown Sept. 13, 1862... 200 Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1862... 278 Dorcas Prince, ship. . .New York April 26, 1863... 699 Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. — , 1863 ... 298 E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, 1862. . . 300 E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862. . .1119 Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1864. . . 1096 Express, ship Callao July 6, 1863. ..1072 Golden Eagie, ship.. . .Howland's Island Feb. 21, 1863. . .1273 Golden Rule,n)ark New York Jan. 26, 1863. . . 250 Har't Spaulding, bark . New Yorlc Nov. 18, 1863 .. . 299 Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1863. . . 800 Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863. . . 439 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 353 Name of Vessels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . .1149 Jabez Snow, ship New York Mar. 25, 1868 . . .1070 John A. Park, ship.. . .New York Mar. 2, 1863. . .1050 Justiua, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863. . . 4U0 Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1863... 125 Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863. . . 125 Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945 Lafayette, bark New Bedford April 15, 1863 .. . 300 Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862... 279 Loretta, bark New York Oct. 28, 1862. . . 284 Levi Starbuck, ship . . . New Bedford Nov. 2, 1862 .. . 376 Loiiisa Hatch, ship.. . .Cardiff , 1863. . . 835 Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 .. . 1075 Martha Wenzell, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1863 ... 578 Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807 Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1863 . . .1105 Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863 ... 800 Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300 Ocean Rover, bark Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766 Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown Sept. 6, 1862 .. • 300 Olive Jane, bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863 .. . 300 Oneida, ship Shanghae April 24, 1863 . . . 420 Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863... 172 Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130 Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863. . . 760 Rockingham, ship Callao AprU23, 1864. . . 976 Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 .. . 447 Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863. . . 974 S. GUdersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847 Sonora, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707 Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1862. . . 205 Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863 ... 1239 T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863 ... 599 Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1862 .. . 1300 Tycoon, bark New York , 735 Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863... 300 Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 17, 1863 ... 300 "Washington, ship Callao Feb. 27, 1863. . .1655 Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862 .. . 409 Weather Gauge, schr.. Pro vincetown Sept. 4, 1862... 200 Winged Racer, ship ... Manilla Nov. 10, 1863... 17 67 BY THE SHENANDOAH. Abigail, bark New Bedford May 25, 1865 ... 375 Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864... 437 AUna, bark Newport, Bng Oct. —, 1864 ... 47C 354 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Nnme of Vessels. Where from. Bate of Capture. Brunswick, bark New Bedford June — , 18fi5 . Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 . Charter Oak, schr Boston Oct. — , 1864 . Congress '2d, bark New Bedford June 28 Covmcton, bark Warren, R. I June 28 Delphine, bark London Jan, 1 3 D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. — Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, Edward Cary, bark . . .San Francisco. ... April 1 Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21 Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28. Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22 Gen. Williams, ship Now London June 25 Gipsy, bark New Bedford June 26 Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1 Hector, ship New Bedford April 1 Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27 Isabella, bark New Bedford June 21. I. Howland, ship New Bedford June 28, James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, Jireh Swift, bark New Bedford June 23 Kate Prince, ship Cardiff Nov. 1 2 Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13 Martha 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, Milo, ship New Bedford June 28, Nassau, ship New_ Bedford June 28 Nile, bark NewLondon June 22 Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25 Pearl, bark New London April 1 Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23 Susan Abigail, bark. . .San Francisco June 23 Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28 W. Thompson, ship. . .New Bedford June 22 Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco June 26, 1865. 1865. 1865. 1864. 1864. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1864. 1864. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. 1865. Tons. . 226 . 226 . 140 . 875 . 800 . 698 . 29'.) . 4-20 . 370 . 597 . 360 . 425 . 469 . 390 . 350 '. 600 . 394 . 900 . 400 . 360 . 997 . 140 . 298 . 500 . 450 . 380 . 340 . 275 . 400 . 159 '. 450 . 600 . 388 BT THE FLORIDA. Aldebaran, schr New York Mar. 13, Anglo Saxon, ship Liverpool Aug. 21, Arabella, brig AspinwaU Jan. 12, B. P. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, Clarence, brig Bahia , Commonwealtl?, ship . .New York April 17, Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero , Electric Spark, str New York July 10, 1863. . 187 1863.' . 868 1863. . 291 1863. .1387 1863. . 253 1863. .1245 1863. . 235 . 289 1864. .1400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 355 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons, Estella, brig Manzanilla Jan. 11, 1863. . . 300 F. B. Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . . 796 Geo. Latititer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 Geu. Berry, bark , . . .New York July 10, . . . 469 Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1864. . . 331 Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 Har't Stephens, bark , .Portland , . . . 500 J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863. . .1382 Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia Juno — , 1863... 387 Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1 863 . . . 590 Mary Alvina, brig Boston June — , 1863 . . . 266 M. A. Schinler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. . . 270 M. J. Colcord, bark . . . New York Mar. 30, 1863 . . 374 Mondamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. — , 1864. . . 886 Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Yista May 26, 1863. . .1038 Rieuzi, schr Provincetown July 7, 1863 ... 95 Soutliern Rights, ship . Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830 Southern Cross Boston June 6, 1863. . . 938 Star of Peace, ship Calcutta Mar. 6, 1863 .. . 941 Sunrise, ship New York July — , 1863 .. . 1174 Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1863 .. . 296 Varnum H. Hill, schr .Provincetown June 27, 1852. . . 90 Wm. B. Nash, brig New York July 8, 1863... 299 Wm. C. Clark, brig Machias, Me June 17, . . . 338 Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 ... 199 Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 BY THE SUMTER. Abbie Bradford, schr. . July 25, 1861 ... 180 Albert Adams, brig Cuba July 5, 1861 .. . 192 Alvarado, bark Cape Town June — , 1861 . . . 299 Arcade, schr Portland Nov. 20, 1861 .. . 122 Benj. Dunning, brig . . . Cuba July 5, 1861 . . . 284 B. P. Martin, brig Philadelphia June 16, 1861. . . 293 California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 .. . 299 Cuba, brig New York July 4, 1861 . . . 199 D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1861... 200 Eben Dodge, bark New Bedford Dec. 8, 1861... 1222 Glen, bark.' Philadelphia July — , 1861 ... 287 Golden Rocket, ship. . .Havana. July 13, 1861 .. . 608 Henrv Nutt, schr Key West Aug. — , 1861 .. . 235 Jos. Maxwell, bark PhUadelphia July 27, 1861 .. . 295 Joseph Parks, brig. . . .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861 .. . 300 J. S.Harris, ship Cuba , 1861... 800 Louisa Kilham, bark . .Oienfuegos July 6, 1861 .. . 468 356 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Machias, brig July 4, 186^2 , Naiad, brig July 6, IMl . N. Chase, sclir New York Sept. — , 1 -iel , Neapolitan, bark Messina Feb. — , 1 ?u2 , Ocean Eagle Rockland Feb. — , 1861 . Santa Clara, brig Porto Rico Feb. — , 1 8«1 , Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Fob. — , 1861 , Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 1861 . West Wind, bark New York July 6, 1 861 , W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June — , 1861 , Tons. . 250 . 300 . I,o0 . 322 . 290 . 189 . 549 . 65U . 429 . 460 BY THE TALLAHASSEE. Adriatic, ship London Aug. 12 A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 11 Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. 3 Atlantic, schr.. Addison, Me Bay State, bark Alexandria, Ya Aug. 1 1 Billow, brig Calais, Me Aug. 10, Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 11, Castine, ship Callao Jan. 25, Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 11 Etta Carolme, str Aug. 10, Flora Reed, schr Aug, 15, Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 13 Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 2, Howard, bark Aug. 15 Jas. Littlefleld, ship.. .. Cardiff Aug. 14, J. H. Ho wen, schr Gloucester Aug. 14 L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 13 Magnolia, schr Aug. 15 Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. 15 N. America, schr Connecticut P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York Pearl, schr Aug. 16 Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. 23. Roan, brig Sahsbury Aug. 20, S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. 11 Sarah Louisa, schr Spokane, schr Calais, Me. ....^ Aug. 12 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1864. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1863. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. 1863! 1864. 1864. 1864. 1864. BY THE TACONY. Ada, schr Gloucester. June 23, 1863 .. . 90 Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863. . . 200 Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863. . . 100 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 357 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863 . . . 1048 Elizabeth Ann, schr. . .Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 100 Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 .. . 200 Goodspeecl, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863. . . 629 Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . . 1300 L. A. Macomber, schr. .Noank June 20, 1863 ... 100 Marengo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200 Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 160 Rutus Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863 .. . 100 Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863... 849 Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196 "Wanderer, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 ... 125 BY THE CLARENCE. A. H. Partridge, schr. .Gloucester June 1, 1863. . . 100 C. Gushing, cutter Portland June 24, 1863. . . 150 Whistling Wind, bark . .Philadelphia June 6, 1863 .. . 349 BY THE SALLIE. Ames, brig Cuba Oct. — , 1861... 265 Grenada, brig Neuvitas Oct. 13, 1861. . . 265 BY THE GEORGIA. Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863. . . 191 City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863. . . 19 Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863 ... 97 Crown Point, ship New York May 16, 1863... 1053 Dictator, ship. Liverpool April 25, 1863... 1293 Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1863... 436 John Watt,' ship Maulmain Oct. — , 1863 .. . 947 J. W. Seaver, bark. . .Boston June 22, 1863. . . 340 Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863. . . 960 BY THE JEFF DAYIS. D. C. Pierce, bark Remedies June — , Ella, schr Tampico , Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, Jno. Crawford, ship Philadelphia Aug. — , John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 1861. .. 306 1861. .. 92 1861. .. 200 1861. 1861. .. 275 358 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tona. Rowena, bark Laguayra June — , 1861 ... 340 S. J. Waring, schr New York July 16, 1861... 372 W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July — 1861 ... 193 BY THE WIN SLOW. Herbert, schr Juno 18, 1861... 100 Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300 Mary Alice, schr Porto Rico July — , 1801 ... 181 Priscilla, schr Curafoa July — , 1861... 144 Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195 BY THE CHICKAMAUGA. Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. 29, 1864. . . 237 Emma L. Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. 31, 1864. . . 492 Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. 30, 1864. . . 400 Shooting Star, ship New York Oct. 31, 1864. . . 957 BY THE OLUSTEE. A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. E. P. Lewis, schr Portland Nov. T. B. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe Nov. BY THE RETRIBUTION. Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. — , 1863 .. . 230 Hanover, schr Boston Jan. 31, 1863... 200 J. P. Ellicott, brig Boston Jan. 10, 1863 ... 231 BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. 3, 1864.. . 178 1, 1864.. . 316 3, 1864.. . 197 3, 1864.. . 390 Mary Pierce, schr Boston. Margaret, schr. Moiiticello, brig Rio Janeu-o. July 1, 1862.. . 192 July 29, 1862.. . 206 July 1, 1862.. . 800 BY THE CALHOUN. John Adams, schr Provincetown May — , 1861. . . 100 Mermaid, schr Provincetown May — , 1861 .. . 200 Panama, brig Provincetown May 29, 1861 ... 163 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 359 BY THE NASHVILLE. Name of Yesaels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tom. Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 K. Gillillan, schr Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 BY THE BOSTON. Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 37u Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863. . . 588 BY THE SAVANNAH. Joseph, brig .Cardenas June 15, 1861... Itl BY THE LAPWING. Kate Dywer, ship Callao June It, 1863... 1278 BY THE ECHO. M. E. Thompson, brig. . July 9,1862... 210 Mary Goodell, schr July 9, 1862 ... 200 BY THE YORK. G. V. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100 BY THE CONRAD. Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 898 BY THE TUSCARORA Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. . .1193 MISCELLANEOUS. A. B. Thompson, ship. . Savannah May 19, 1861 .. . 800 Alleghanian, ship Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862. . .1142 Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept. — , 1863. . . 190 Boston, tug — June 9, 1865. . . 100 160 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tone. Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. Golden Rod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. Hannah Balch, brig. . .Cardenas July Harriet Lane, aunbt. . .Gralveston Jan. James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. J. R. Watson, schr. New York July Lydia Francis, brig July Pearl, schr Moriches Protector, schr Cuba June Sea Bird, sell Pliiiadelphia Sea Witch, schr Baracoa Union, schr Baltimore Dec. 7 1863... 1863.. 6 1862.. 11 1863... 1SG3... 13 1861... 15 1862... — 1862... — 1861... — 1863... — 1861... 5 1862... 460 130 149 325 90 20O 262 183 200 2()0 95 115 — From the Coriiinercial and Financial Chronicle, RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361 EEOONSTRUOTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF TFE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS, OF MARCH 2, 186*?. The bill passed the House on February 20, 186T, by the following vote — yeas 128, nays 46. The Senate passed the bill on the same day — yeas 35, nays 7. Tlie bill was vetoed on March 2. Both Houses of Congress re-passed it on the same day, the House by a vote of yeas 138, nays 51 ; the Senate by a vote of yeas 38, nays 10. An Act to provide efficient Government for the Insurrec- tionary States. Whereas^ No legal State governments or adequate protection for life or property now exist in the Rebel States of Virginia, I^orth Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas ; and 16 862 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Whereas^ it is necessary that peace and good order should be enforced in said States until lojal and republican State governments can be legally estab- lished; therefore Be it enacted, etc., Tliat said Rebel States shall be divided into military districts and made subject to the military authority of the United States, as here- inafter mentioned; and for that purpose Virginia shall constitute the First District ; North Carolina and South Carolina the Second District ; Georgia, Alabama, and Florida the Third District ; Mississippi and Arkansas the Fourth District, and Louisiana and Texas the Fifth District. Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the President to assign to the command of each of said districts an officer of the army not below the rank of brigadier- general, and to detail a sufficient military force to enable such officer to perform liis duties and enforce his authority within the district to which he is as- signed. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of each officer assigned as aforesaid to protect all persons in their rights of person and property, to suppress insurrec- tion, disorder, and violence, and to punish or cause to be punished all disturbers of the public peace and criminals ; and to this end he may allow local civil tribunals to take jurisdiction of and try offenders, or, KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 363 when in liis judgment it may be necessary for tlie trial of offenders, he shall have power to organize military committees or tribunals for that purpose ; and all interference, under color of State authority, with the exercise of military authority under this act, shall be null and void. Sec. 4. That all persons put under military arrest by wtue of this act shall be tried without unneces- sary delay, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall be inflicted ; and no sentence of any military commis- sion or tribunal hereby authorized, affecting the life or liberty of any person, shall be executed until it is approved by the officer in command of the district ; and the laws and regulations for the government of the army shall not be affected by this act, except in so far as they may conflict with its provisions. Provided, That no sentence of death under this act shall be carried into execution without the ap- proval of the President. Sec. 6. When the people of any one of said Kebel States shall have formed a constitution and govern- ment in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, color, or previous condition, who have been resident in said State for one year previous to the day of such S64r THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. election, except siicli as may be disfrancliisecl for participation in the Rebellion or for felony at com- mon law ; and when such constitution shall provide that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all sucli persons as have the qualifications herein stated for electors of delegates ; and when such constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting on the question of ratification who are qualified as electors for delegates; and when such constitution shall have been submitted to Congress for examina- tion and approval, and Congress shall have approved the same ; and when said State by a vote of its Legislature, elected under said constitution, shall have adopted the amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed by the Thirty-ninth Con- gress, and known as Article 14 ; and when said arti- cle shall have become part of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled to representation in Congress, and senators and rep- resentatives shall be admitted therefrom on their taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and thereafter the preceding sections of this act shall be inoperative in said State. Provided^ That no person excluded from the privilege of holding ofiice by said proposed amend- ment to the Constitution of the United States shall be eliorible to election as a member of the convention KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 365 to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel States, nor shall any sucli person vote for members of such convention. Sec. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States shall by law be admitted to representation to the Congress of the United States, all civil governments that may exist therein shall be deemed provisional only, and shall be in all respects subject to the para- mount authority of the United States, at any time to abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and in all elections to any office under such provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote under the provisions of the fifth section of this act. And no person shall be eligible to any office under such provisional governments who would be dis- qualified from holding office under the provisions of the third article of said Constitutional amendment. [This bill was passed over the President's veto on March 2, 1867.] SUPPLEMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OF MARCH 23, 186t. A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the above act of March 2, passed both Houses of Congress on March 19. It was vetoed on March 23. On the same day the House repassed it b}^ a vote of yeas 114 (all Republicans), nays 25 (all Democrats), and 366 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the Senate by a vote of yeas 40 (all Republicans ex- cept Johnson of Md.), and nays 7 (all Democrats). The following are the main provisions of this act : Before Sept. 1, 18G7, the commanding-general in each district, defined by an act entitled " An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, shall canse a regis- tration to be made of the male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age and upwards, resident in each county or parish in the State or States included in his district, which registration shall include only those persons who are qualified to vote for delegates by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and subscribed the following oath or affirmation : " I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State of ; that I have resided in said State for months next preceding this day, and now reside in the county of , or the parish of , in said State (as the case may be) ; that I am twenty-one years old; that I have not been disfranchised for participation in any rebellion or ci^dl war against the United States, nor for felony committed against the laws of any State or of the United States ; that I have never been a member of any State Legisla- ture, nor held any executive or judicial office in any RECONSTKUCTION MEASURES OF CONGEESS. 367 State, and afterward engaged in insurrection or re- bellion against tlie United States, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I have never taken an oath as a member of Congress of the United States, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, and afterward engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to the en- emies thereof; that I will faithfully support the Constitution and obey the laws of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, encourage others so to do, so help me God ;" which oath or affir- mation may be administered by any registering officer. Sec. 2. After the completion of the registration hereby provided for in any State, at such time and places therein as the commanding-general shall ap- point and direct, of which at least thirty daj^s' public notice shall be given, an election shall be held of delegates to a convention for the purpose of estab- lishing a constitution and civil government for such State loyal to the Union, said convention in each State, except Yirginia, to consist of the same num- ber of members as the most numerous branch of the State Legislature of such State in the year 1860, tc 368 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. be apportioned among the several districts, counties^ or parishes of such State by the commanding-gen- eral, giving to each representation in the ratio of voters registered as aforesaid, as nearly as may be. The convention in Virginia shall consist of the same nmnber of members as represented the terri- tory now constituting Virginia in the most numerous branch of the Legislature of said State in the year 1860, to be apportioned as aforesaid. Sec. 3. At said election the registered voters of each State shall vote for or against a convention to form a constitution therefor under this act. The person appointed to superintend said election, and to make return of the votes given thereat, as herein provided, shall count and make return of the votes given for and against a convention ; and the com- manding-general to whom the same shall have been returned, shall ascertain and declare the total vote in each State for and against a convention. If a majority of the votes given on that question shall be for a convention, then such convention shall be held as liereinafter provided ; but if a majority of said votes shall be against a convention, then no such convention shall be held under this act : Provided^ that such convention shall not be held unless a ma- jority of all such registered voters shall have voted on the question of holding such convention. RECONSTEUOTION MEi\SUEES OF CONGRESS. 369 Sec. 4. The commanding-genera] of each district shall appoint as many boards of registration as may be necessary, consisting of three loyal officers or per- sons, to make and complete the registration, super- intend the election, and make return to him of the votes, lists of voters, and of the persons elected as delegates by a plurality of the votes cast at said election ; and upon receiving said returns he shall open the same, ascertain the persons elected as dele- gates according to the returns of the officers who conducted said election, and make proclamation thereof; and if a majority of the votes given on that question shall be for a convention, the com- manding-general, within sixty days from the date of election, shall notify the delegates to assemble in convention, at a time and place to be mentioned in the notification, and said convention, when organ- ized, shall proceed to frame a constitution and civil government according to the provisions of this act and the act to which it is supplementary ; and when the same shall have been so framed, said constitution shall be submitted by the convention for ratification to the pei-sons registered under the provisions of this act at an election to be conducted by the officers or persons aj^pointed or to be appointed by the com- manding-general, as hereinbefore provided, and to be held after the expiration of thirty days from the 16* 370 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. date of notice thereof, to be given by said conven- tion ; and the retm^ns thereof shall be made to the commanding-general of the district. Sec. 5. That if, according to said returns, the constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the votes of the registered electors qualified as herein specified, cast at said election (at least one-half of all the registered voters voting upon the question of such ratification), the president of the convention shall transmit a copy of the same, duly certified, to the President of the United States, who shall forth- witli transmit the same to Congress, if then in ses- sion, and if not in session, then immediately upon its next assembling ; and if it shall, moreover, ap- pear to Congress, that the election was one at which all the registered and qualified electors in the State had an opportunity to vote freely and without re- straint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if the Congress shall be satisfied that such constitution meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified electors in the State, and if the said constitution shall be declared by Congress to be in conformity with the provisions of the act to which this is sup- plementary, and the other provisions of said act shall have been complied with, and the said consti- tution shall be approved by Congress, the State shall be declared entitled to representation, and Senators EECONSTEUCTION MEASUKES OF CONGRESS. 371 and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as therein provided. Sec. 6. Ail elections m the States mentioned in the said " Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," shall, during the operation of said act, be by ballot ; and all officers making the said registration of voters and conduct- ing said elections shall, before entering upon the discharge of their duties, take and subscribe the oath prescribed by the act approved July 2, 1862, entitled " An Act to prescribe an oath of office : " Provided^ That if any person shall laiowingly and falsely take and subscribe any oath in this act pre- scribed, such person so offending and being thereof duly convicted, shall be subject to the pains, penal- ties, and disabilities which by law are provided for the punishment of the crime of wilful and corrupt perjury. SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OP JULY 19, 186V. A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the two preceding acts, passed both Houses of Congress, on July 13, It was vetoed by the President on July 19, but on the same day repassed by both Houses over the veto. The vote in the Senate stood — yeas 30 (all liep.), nays 6 (all Dem.); in the House — 372 THE NATIONAJL nAND-BOOK. yeas 100 (all Eep.), nays 22 (all Dem.). The bill is as follows : Section 1. That it is hereby declared to have been the true intent and meaning of the act of the 2d day of March, 1867, entitled " An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," and the act supplementary thereto, passed the 23d of March, 1867, that the governments then existing in the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas, were not legal State governments, and that thereafter said governments, if continued, were to be continued subject in all re- spects to the military commanders of the respective districts, and to the paramount authority of Con- gress. Sec. 2. That the commander of any district named in said act shall have power, subject to the disapproval of the general of the army of the United States, and to have effect until disapproved, when- ever, in the opinion of such commander, the proper administration of said act shall require it, to sus- pend or remove from office, or from the performance of official duties, and the exercise of official powers, any officer or person holding or exercising, or pro- fessing to hold or exercise, any civil or military office or duty in such district, under any power, RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 373 election, appointment, or autliority derived from, or granted by, or claimed mider, any so-called State, or the government thereof, or any municipal or other division thereof, and upon such suspension or removal such commander, subject to the approval of the general as aforesaid, shall have power to pro- vide from time to time for the performance of the said duties of such officer or person so suspended or removed, by the detail of some competent officer or soldier of the army, or by the appointment of some other person to perform the same, and to fill vacan- cies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise. Sec 3. That the general of the army of the United States shall be invested with all the powers of suspension, removal, appointment, and detaching granted in the preceding section to district com- manders. Sec. 4. That the acts of the officers of the army, already done in removing in said districts persons exercising the functions of civil officers, and ap- pointing others in their stead, are hereby confirmed ; provided, that any persons heretofore or hereafter appointed by any district commander to exercise the functions of any civil office may be removed either by the military officer in command of the district or by the general of the army, and it shall be the duty of such commander to remove from office, as afore- 374: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. said, all persons who are disloyal to the Govern- ment of the United States, or who use then- offi- cial influence in any manner to hinder, delay, pre- vent, or obstruct the due and proper administration of this act and the acts to which it is supplement- ary. Sec. 5. Tliat the boards of registration provided for in the act entitled '' An Act supplementary to an act entitled 'An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States,' passed March 2, 1867, and to facilitate restoration," passed March 23, 1867, shall have power, and it shall be their duty, before allowing the registration of any person, to ascertain, upon such facts or information as they can obtain, whether such person is entitled to be registered under said act, and the oath required by said act shall not be conclusive on such question ; and no person shall be registered unless such board shall decide that he is entitled thereto; and such board shall also have power to examine under oath, to be administered by any member of such board, any one touching the qualification of any person claiming registration ; but in every case of refusal by the board to register an applicant, and in every case of striking his name from the list, as herein- after provided, the board shall make a note or mem- oranduto, which shall be returned with the registra- EECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGKESS. 375 tion list to the commanding-general of the district, setting forth the ground of such refusal or such striking from the list ; provided, that no person shall be disqualified as a member of any board of regis- tration by reason of race or color. Sec. 6. That the true intent and meaning of the oath presented in said supplementary acts is (among other things) that no person who has been a member of the Legislature of any State, or who has held any executive or judicial office in any State, whether he has taken an oath to support the Consti- tution of the United States or not, and whether he was holding such office at the commencement of the rebellion or had held it before, and who has after- wards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof, is entitled to be registered or to vote ; and the words " executive or judicial " office in any State, in said oath mentioned, shall be con- strued to include all civil offices created by law for the administration of any general law of a State or for the administration of justice. Sec. 7. That the time for completing the origi nal registration provided for in any act may, in tlio discretion of the commander of any district, be ex- tended to the 1st day of October, 1867; and the board of registration shall have power, and it shall 376 THE NATIONAL HAND-B ,)0K:. be their duty, commencing fourteen days prior to any election under said act, and upon reasonable public notice of the time and place thereof, to revise for a period of five days the registration lists, and upon being satisfied that any person not entitled thereto has been registered, to strike the name of such person from the list, and such person shall not be allowed to vote. And such board shall also, dm*- ing the same period, add to each registry the names of all persons who at that time possess tlie qualifica- tions required by said act, who have not been al- ready registered, and no person shall at any time be entitled to be registered or to vote by reason of any executive pardon or amnesty, for any act or tiling which, without such pardon or am- nesty, would disqualify him from registration or voting. Sec. 8. That all members of said boards of reg- istration, and all persons hereafter elected or ap- pointed to office in said military districts under any so-called State or municipal authority, or by detail or appointment of the district commander, shall be required to take and subscribe to the oath of office prescribed by law for the officers of the United States. Sec. 9. That no district conmiander or mem- ber of the board of registration, or any officer or EECONSTEUOTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 377 appointee acting under them, shall be bound in his action by any opinion of any civil officer of the United States. Sec. 10. That section four of said last-named act shall be construed to authorize the commanding- general named therein, whenever he shall deem it needful, to remove any member of a board of regis- tration, and to appoint another in his stead, and to lill any vacancy in such board. Sec. 11. That all the proWsions of this act, and of the acts to which this is supplementary, shall be construed liberally, to the end that all the intents thereof may be fully and perfectly cai'ried out. RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1868.— FORTIETH CONGRESS — SECOND SESSION. The following is the Reconstruction bill as it passed the House, Jan. 21st, 1868 — yeas 123, nays 45 : Be it enaxited, c&c, That in Yirginia, JSTorth Car- olina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis- sippi, Lousiana, Texas, Florida, and Arkansas, there are no civil State governments republican in form, and that the so-called civil governments in said States respectively shall not be recognized as valid or legal State governments either by the executive or the judicial power or authority of the United States. 378 THE NATIONAJL IIAIND-BOOK. Sec. 2. A'iul he it further enacted^ Tliat for the speedy enforcement of the act entitled "An Act to provide for the more efficient government of tlie rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, and the several acts supplementary thereto, the General of the Army of the United States is hereby authorized and re- quired to enjoin by special orders upon all officers in command within the several military depart- ments within said several States, the performance of all acts authorized by said several laws above re- cited ; is authorized to remove at his discretion, by his order, from command any or all of said com- manders and detail other officers of the United States Army, not below the rank of colonel, to perform all the duties and exercise all the powers authorized by said several acts, to the end that the people of said several States may speedily reorganize civil govern- ments, republican in form, in said several States, and be restored to political power in the Union. Sec. 3. And he it further enacted^ That the Gen- eral of the Army may remove any or all civil officers now acting under the several provisional govern- ments within the said several disorganized States, and appoint others to discharge the duties pertain- ing to their respective offices, and may do any and all acts which by said several laws above mentioned are authorized to be done by the several commanders KECONSTEUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 379 of tlie military departments within said States ; and so mucli of said acts or of any act as authorizes the President to detail the military commanders to said military departments, or to remove any officers who may be detailed as herein provided, is hereby re- pealed. Sec. 4. And be it fui'ther enacted^ That it shall be unlawful for the President of the United States to order any part of the army or navy of the United States to assist, by force of arms, the authority of either of said provisional governments in said disor- ganized States, to oppose or to obstruct the authority of the United States, as provided in this act and the acts to which this is supplementary. Sec. 5. And he itf%irther enacted^ That any inter- ference by any person, with intent to prevent by force the execution of the orders of the General of the Army made in pursuance of this act and of the acts aforesaid, or any refusal or wilful neglect of any per- son to issue any order or do any act required by this act or other of the acts to which this act is additional and supplementary, with intent to defeat or delay the due execution of this act or of either of the acts to whicli this is supplementary, shall be held to be high misdemeanor, and the party guilty thereof shall, upon conviction, be fined not exceeding five thousand dollars and imprisoned not exceeding two years. 380 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That so mach of all acts and parts of acts as conflicts or is incon- sistent with the provisions of this act is hereby re- pealed. Mr. Wood (Dem.), of N. Y., desired to move an amendment to the title of the bill, but was cut oft' by the previous question. The title which it was pro- posed to give the bill was : — " A bill to absorb the entire authority of the government into the hands of Congress, by which the powers of the Executive as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy shall be abolished ; the power of the Supreme Court to pass upon the validity of the acts of Congress prohibited ; Congressional usurpation over ten States established by force, and a new form of government created in place of that which formerly existed under the Con- stitution of the United States, hereby declared to be annulled and made void." — From the N. T. Herald^ Jan. 22, 1868. TKITOEB OF OFFICE BILL. 381 TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. An Act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices. Be it enacted^ d&c, That every person holding any civil office to which he has been appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and every person who shall hereafter be appointed to any such office, and shall become duly qualified to act therein, is, and shall be, entitled to hold such office until a successor shall have been in like manner appointed and duly qualified, except as herein otherwise pro- vided : Provided^ That the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, and of the Interior, the Postmaster-General, and the Attorney- General, shall hold their offices respectively for and during the term of the President by wliom they may have been appointed and for one month thereafter, subject to removal by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate. 382 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Sec. 2. Tliat wlicn any officer appointed as afore- said, excepting judges of the United States courts, shall, during the recess of the Senate, be shown, by evidence satisfactory to the President, to be guilty of misconduct in office, or crime, or for any reason shall become incapable or legally disqualified to per- form its duties, in such case, and in no other, the President may suspend such officer and designate some suitable person to perform temporarily the duties of such office until the next meeting of the Senate, and until the case shall be acted upon by the Senate ; and such person so designated shall take the oaths and give the bonds required by law to be taken and given by the person duly appointed to fill such office ; and in such case it shall be the duty of the President, within twenty days after the first day of such next meeting of the Senate, to report to the Senate such suspension, with the evidence and reasons for his action in the case and the name of the person so designated to perform the duties of such office. And if the Senate shall concur in such sus- pension and advise and consent to the removal of such officer, they shall so certify to the President, who may thereupon remove such officer, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, ap- point another person to such office. But if the Senate shall refuse to concur in such suspension, such TENIJKE OF OFFICE BILL. 383 officer so suspended sliall forthwith resume the func- tions of his office, and the powers of the person so performing its duties in his stead shall cease, and the official salary and emoluments of such officer shall, during such suspension, belong to the person so performing the duties thereof, and not to the officer so suspended : Provided^ however^ That the President, in case he shall become satisfied tliat such suspension was made on insufficient grounds, shall be authorized, at any time before reporting such sus- pension to the Senate as above provided, to revoke such suspension and reinstate such officer in the per- formance of the duties of his office. Sec. 3. That the President shall have power to fill all vacancies which may happen during the recess of the Senate, by reason of death or resignation, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session thereafter. And if no appoint- ment, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be made to such office so vacant or temporarily filled as aforesaid, during such next ses- sion of the Senate, such office shall remain in abey- ance, without any salary, fees or emoluments attached thereto, until the same shall be filled by appointment thereto, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate ; and during such time all the powers and duties belonging to such office shall be exercised by 384 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. sucli otlier officer as maj by law exercise siicli pow ers and duties in case of a vacancy in such office. Sec. 4. That nothing in this act contained shall be construed to extend the term of any office tho duration of which is limited by law. Sec. 5. That if any person shall, contrary to the provisions of this act, accept any appointment to or employment in any office, or shall hold or exercise, or attempt to hold or exercise, any such office or em- ployment, he shall be deemed, and is hereby declared to be, guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial and conviction thereof, he shall be punished therefor by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 6. That every removal, appointment, or em- ployment, made, had, or exercised, contrary to the provisions of this act, and the making, signing, seal- ing, countersigning, or issuing of any commission or letter of authority for or in respect to any such ap- pointment or employment, shall be deemed, and are hereby declared to be high misdemeanors, and, upon trial and conviction thereof, every person guilty thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both said punishments, in the discretion of the court : Provided^ That the President shall TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. 385 have power to make out and deliver, after the ad- joiirmnent of the Senate, commissions for all officera whose appointment shall have been advised and con- sented to by the Senate. Sec. 7. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Senate, at the close of each session thereof, to deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury, and to each of his Assistants, and to each of the Auditors, and to each of the Comptrollers in the Treasury, and to the Treasurer, and to the Register of the Treas- ury, a full and complete list, duly certified, of all persons who shall have been nominated to and rejected by the Senate during sucli session, and a like list of all the offices to which nominations shall have been made and not confirmed and filled at such session. Sec. 8. That whenever the President shall, with- out the consent of the Senate, designate, autliorize, or employ any person to perform the duties of any office, he shall forthwith notify the Secretary of the Treasury thereof; and it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury thereupon to communi- cate such notice to all the proper accounting and disbursing ofiicers of his department. Sec. 9. That no money shall be paid or received from, the Treasury, or paid or received from or retain- ed out of any public moneys or funds of the United 17 386 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOX. States, whether in the Treasury or not, to or by or for the benefit of any person appointed to or autlior- ized to act in, or holding or exercising the duties or functions of, any office contrary to the provisions of this act; nor shall any claim, account, voucher, order, certificate, warrant, or other instrument pro- viding for or relating to such pa3mient, receipt or retention, be presented, passed, allowed, approved, certified, or paid by any officer of the United States, or by any person exercising the functions or per- forming the duties of any office or place of trust under the United States, for or in respect of such office, or the exercising or performing the functions or duties thereof; and every person who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial and conviction thereof, shall be punished therefor by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by im- prisonment not exceeding ten years, or both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Passed March 2, 1867. THE PBESroENT'S VETO. To the Senate of the United States : I HAVE carefully examined the bill " to regulate the tenure of certain civil offices." The material portion of the bill is contained in the first section, 387 and is of the effect following, namely : * * -5^ * These provisions are qualified by a reservation in the fourth section, "that nothing contained in the bill shall be construed to extend the term of any office, the duration of which is limited by law." In effect the bill provides that the President shall not remove from their places any of the civil officers whose terms of service are not limited by law, with- out the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States. The bill in this respect conflicts, in my judgment, with the Constitution of the United States. The question, as Congress is well aware, is by no means a new one. That the power of removal is constitutionally vested in the President of the United States is a principle which has been not more distinctly declared by judicial authority and judicial commentators than it has been uni- formly practiced upon by the legislative and execu- tive departments of the Government. The question arose in the House of Representatives so early as the 16th of June, 1789, on the bill for establishing an executive department denominated " Tlie De- partment of Foreign Affairs." The first clause of the bill, after recapitulating the functions of that officer and defining his duties, had these words : "to be removable from office by the President of the United States." It was moved to strike out these 388 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. words, and the motion was sustained with great ability and vigor. It was insisted that the Presi- dent could not constitutionally exercise the power of removal exclusively of the Senate ; that the Federalist so interpreted the Constitution when arguing for its adoption by the several States ; that the Constitution had nowhere given the President power of removal, either expressly or by strong im- plication, but, on the contrary, had distinctly pro- vided for removals from office by impeachment only. A construction which denied the power of removal by the President was further maintained by argu- ments drawn from the danger of the abuse of the power ; from the supposed tendency of an exposure of public officers to capricious removal to impair the efficiency of the civil service ; from the alleged injustice and hardship of displacing incumbents dependent upon their official stations without suth- cient consideration ; from a supposed want of respon- sibility on the part of the President, and from an imagined defect of guarantees against a vicious Pres- ident who might incline to abuse the power. On the other hand, an exclusive power of removal by the President was defended as a true exposition of the text of the Constitution. It was maintained that there are certain causes for which persons ought to be removed from office without being guilty of trea- THE PEESIDENt's VETO. 389 son, bribery, or malfeasance, and that the nature of things demands that it shonhi be so. " Suppose," it was said, " a man becomes insane by the visita- tion of God, and is likely to ruin our affairs, are the hands of the Government to be confined from ward- ing off the evil? Suppose a person in office, not possessing the talents he was judged to have at the time of the appointment, is the error not to be cor- rected? Suppose he acquires vicious habits and incurable indolence, or total neglect of the duties of his office, which shall work mischief to the public welfare, is there no way to arrest the threatened danger? Suppose he becomes odious and unpopular by reason of the measures he pursues — and this he may do without committing any positive offence against the law — must he preserve his office in despite of the popular will ? Suppose him grasping for his own aggrandizement and the elevation of his connections by every means short of the treason defined by the Constitution, hurrying your affairs to the precipice of destruction, endangering your domestic tranquillity, plundering you of the means of defence, alienating the affections of your allies, and promoting the spirit of discord, must the tardy, tedious, desultory road by way of impeachment be travelled to overtake the man who, barely confining himself within the letter of the law, is employed in 390 THE NATIONAI. HAND-BOOK. drawing off the vital principle of the Government ? The nature of things, the great object of society, the express objects of the Constitution itself, require that this thing should be otherwise. To unite the Senate wdth the President in the exercise of the powder," it was said, " would involve us in the most serious difficulty. Suppose a discovery of any of those events should take place when the Senate is not in session, how is the remedy to be applied ? The evil could be avoided in no other way than by the Senate sitting alwaj^s." In regard to the danger of the power being abused if exercised by one man, it w^as said, " that the danger is as great with respect to the Senate, who are assembled from various parts of the continent with, different impressions and opinions ; " " that such a body is more likely to mis- use the power of removal than the man whom the united voice of America calls to the Presidential chair. As the nature of government requu'es the power of removal," it was maintained " that it should be exercised in this way by the hand capable of exerting itself with effect ; and the power must be conferred on the President by the Constitution as the executive officer of the Government." Mr. Madison, whose adverse opinion in the Federal- ist has been relied upon by those who denied the exclusive power, now participated in the debate. 391 He declared that lie had reviewed his former opin- ions, and he summed np the whole case as fol lows : " The Constitution affirms that the executive power is vested in the President. Are there ex- ceptions to this proposition ? Yes, there are. The Constitution says that in appointing to office, the Senate shall be associated with the President, unless in the case of inferior officers, when the law shall otherwise direct. Have we (that is. Congress) a right to extend this exception ? I believe not. If the Constitution has invested all executive power in the President, I ventm-e to assert that the Legis- lature has no right to diminish or modify his execu- tive authority. The question now resolves itself into this : Is the power of displacing an executive power ? I conceive that if any power whatsoever is in the Executive, it is the power of appointing, overseeing, and controlling those who execute the laws. If the Constitution had not qualified the power of the President in appointing to office by associating the Senate with him in that business, would it not be clear that he would have the right, by virtue of his executive power, to make such ap- pointment ? Should we be authorized, in defiance of that clause in the Constitution — ' The executive power shall be vested in the President ' — to unite the Senate with the President in the appointment 392 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. to office ? T conceive not. If it is admitted that we should not be authorized to do this, I think it may be disputed whether we have a right to asso- ciate them in removing persons from office, the one power being as much of an executive nature as the otlier ; and the first one is authorized by being ex- cepted out of the general rule established by the Constitution in these words : ' The executive power shall be vested in the President.' " The question, thus ably and exhaustively argued, was decided by the House of Representatives, by a vote of thirty- four to twenty, in favor of the 23rinciple that the executive power of removal is vested by the Consti- tution in the Executive, and in the Senate by the casting vote of the Yice-President. The question has often been raised in subsequent times of high excitement, and the practice of the government has nevertheless conformed in all cases to the decision thus early made. The question was revived during the administration of President Jackson, who made, as is well recollected, a very large number of re- movals, which were made an occasion of close and rigorous scrutiny and remonstrance. The subject was long and earnestly debated in the Senate, and the early construction of the Constitution was nevertheless freely accepted as binding and conclu- sive upon Congress. 393 Chancellor Kent's remarks on the subject are as follows : " On the first organization of the Govern- ment it was made a question whether the power of removal in case of officers appointed to hold at pleasure resided nowhere but in the body which ap- pointed, and, of course, whether the consent of the Senate was not requisite to remove. This was the construction given to the Constitution wdiile it was pending for ratification before the State conven- tions, by the author of the Federalist. But the con- struction which was given to the Constitution by Congress, after great consideration and discussion, was different. The words of the act (establishing the Treasury Department) are : ' And whenever the same shall be removed from office by the President of the United States, or in any other case of va- cancy in the office, the assistant shall act.' This amounted to a legislative construction of the Con- stitution, and it has ever since been acquiesced in and acted upon as a decisive authority in the case. It applies equally to every other officer of the Government appointed by the President, whose term of duration is not specially declared. It is supported by the weighty reason that the subordi- nate officers in the executive department ought to hold at the pleasure of the head of the department, because he is invested generally with the executive 17* 394 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. authority, and tlie participation in that au- thority by the Senate was an exception to a general principle, and ought to be taken strictly. The President is the great responsible officer for the faithful execution of the law, and the power of re- moval was incidental to that duty, and might often be requisite to fulfil it." Thus has the important question presented by tins bill been settled, in the language of the late Daniel Webster (who, while dissenting from it, admitted that it was settled), by construction, settled by precedent, settled by the practice of the Government, and settled by statute. The events of the last war furnished a practical confirmation of the wisdom of the Consti- tution as it has hitherto been maintained, in many of its parts, including that wtich is now the subject of consideration. When the war broke out rebel enemies, traitore, abettors, and sympathizers were found in every department of the Government, as well in the civil ser\dce as in the land and naval military service. They were found in Congress and among the keepers of the Capitol; in foreign missions ; in each and all of the executive depart- ments ; in the judicial service ; in the Post-office, and among the agents for conducting Indian affairs. Upon probable suspicion, they were promptly dis- placed by my predecessor, so far as they held their THE president's VETO. 395 offices under executive authority, and tlieir duties were confided to new and loyal successors. 'No complaints against that power or doubts of its wis- dom were entertained in any quarter. I sincerely trust and believe that no such civil war is likely to occur again. I cannot doubt, however, that in whatever form, and on whatever occasion, sedition can raise an effort to hinder, or embarrass, or defeat, the legitimate action of this Government, whether by preventing the collection of revenue, or disturb- ing the public peace, or separating the States, or betraying the country to a foreign enemy, the power of removal from office by the Executive, as it has heretofore existed and been practised, will be found indispensable. Under these circumstances, as a depositary of the executive authority of the nation, I do not feel at liberty to unite with Congress in reversing it by giving my approval to the bill. At the eai'ly day when this question was settled, and, indeed, at the several periods when it has subse- quently been agitated, the success of the Constitu- tion of the United States, as a new and peculiar system of the free representative government, was held doubtful in other countries, and was even a subject of patriotic apprehension among the Ameri- can people themselves. A trial of nearly eighty years, through the vicissitudes of foreign confficta 396 THE NA'nONAi HAl^D-BOOK. and of civil war, is confidently regarded as having extinguished all such doubts and apprehensions for the future. During that eighty years the people of tlie United States have enjoyed a measure of se- curity, peace, prosperity, and happiness, never sur- passed by any nation. It cannot be doubted that the triumphant success of the Constitution is due to the wonderful wisdom with which the functions of government were distributed between the three principal departments — the legislative, the execu- tive, and the judicial — and to the fidelity with which each has confined itself, or been confined by the general voice of the nation, within its peculiar and proper sphere. While a just, proper, and watchful jealousy of executive power constantly prevails, as it ought ever to prevail, yet it is equally true that an efiicient Executive, capable, in the language of the oath prescribed to the President, of executing the laws, and, within the sphere of ex- ecutive action, of preserving, protecting, and de- fending the Constitution of the United States, is an indispensable security for tranquillity at home, and peace, honor, and safety abroad. Governments have been erected in many countries upon our model. If one or many of them have thus far failed in fully secm^ing to their people the benefits Avhich we have derived from our system, it may be THE PEESIDENT'S VETO. 39 T confidently asserted that tlieir misfortune has re- sulted from their unfortunate failure to maintain the integrity of each of the three great departments while preserving harmony among them all. Hav- ing at an early period accepted the Constitution in regard to the executive office in the sense in which it was interpreted with the concm-rence of its founds ers, I have found no sufficient grounds in the argu- ments now opposed to that construction, or in any assumed necessity of the times, for changing those opinions. For these reasons I return the bill to the Senate, in which House it originated, for the fur- ther consideration of Congress which the Constitu- tion prescribes. Insomuch as the several parts of the bill which I have not considered are matters chiefly of detail, and are based altogether upon the theory of the Constitution from which I am obliged to dissent, I have not thought it necessary to examine them with a view" to make them an oc- casion of distinct and special objections. When- ever administration fails, or seems to fail, in secur- ing any of the great ends for wdiich republican government is established, the proper course seems to be to renew the original spirit and forms of the Constitution itself. Washington, March 2, 1867. S98 THE NATIONAL HANB-BOOK. THE BANZEUPTOY ACT. THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS: An Act to establish a uniform System of Bankruptcy through- out the United States. The district com-ts of the United States are consti- tuted courts of bankruptcy under tliis act, in all mat- ters under, or growing out of wliicli, they have original jurisdiction. They are always open for business under this act, and the powers of the judge in vacation, and when sitting in chambers, are the same as when sitting in court and in term time. They may be held in any part of the district. The circuit courts have also a general supervision of all cases under this act, and may be appealed to from the district courts, with which they have also concur- rent jurisdiction in all cases wherein the assignee in bankruptcy is a party ; but no claim can be main- tained by or against an assignee touching the bank- THE BANKEUPTCT ACT. 399 rupt's property after the lapse of two years. One or jiio^^e registers shall be appointed in each Congres- sional district, whose duty it is to act in the place of the judge in all merely administrative and uncon- tested cases. Bankruptcy may be either voluntary or involuntary. The debtor may assume voluntary bankruptcy if his debts exceed three hundred dol- lars, by filing a petition, setting forth his debts, an inventory of all his possessions, and a declaration of willingness to give them up to his creditors. A waiTant then issues from the court appointing a time and place for a meeting of the creditors. At tills meeting an assignee or assignees are chosen, sub- ject to the approval of the court, to whom is deliv- ered all the property of the bankrupt, except that specifically exempted. The assignee possesses all the powers for recovering debts due the debtor, w^hich the latter would otherwise have possessed. The court may examine the bankrupt, or the wife of the bankrupt, on oath, or any person who may be able to give evidence on any matter pertaining to the bankrupt's affairs, and may compel their attend- ance. All claims against the bankrupt must be duly verified in writing and on oath. Those wdiich ar i approved are registered by the assignee, and all creditors, whose claims are allowed, are entitled to share in the bankrupt's estate, pro ratd^ no priority 400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of claim being allowed except for tlie wages of cer- tain servants. At the expiration of each three months after the adjudication of bankruptcy, the ap- proved creditors may receive dividends on their claims ; and after all claims have been decided nj^on, and the assignee's accounts have been approved by the court, all expenses of the proceedings are paid from the portion of the estate remaining in the hands of the assignee, and the residue divided finally among the creditors. After six months from the adjudication of bankruptcy, the bankrupt may receive a discharge from all previous debts honestly contracted by and due from him, provided there has been no fraud on his part in the proceedings. Any conveyance or transfer of property made by the debtor to a preferred creditor, in view of insolvency, within four months before the filing of a petition in bankruptcy, is void ; and the creditor who, knowing the facts, receives such conveyance, forfeits all share in the bankrupt's estate, and also double the value of the money or property so obtained, which is re- coverable by the assignee for the benefit of the es- tate. A partnership or firm may be made bankrupt by the filing of a petition by any member, when not only the joint property, but the separate estates ot each member of the firm is taken by the assignee. Separate accounts are kept by the assignee, who THE BANKRUrXCY ACT. 401 pays the private debts of each member from his own estate, and the balance is added to the joint stoclv for the beneiit of the creditors of tlie firm, if the property of the firm shall not have been sufii- cient to liquidate the claims against it. A certifi- cate of discharge is given or refused to each partner according to the merits of his individual case. Where partners reside in different districts, jurisdic- tion is in that district where the petition is first filed. Involuntary bankruptcy may be forced upon any debtor who has committed certain acts of ac- tual or constructive fraud, by which he is deemed to have committed an act of bankruptcy, on the peti- tion of any one of his creditors whose debt amounts to $250. If the debtor so demand, the question of fact as to the alleged act of bankruptcy may be tried by a jury ; and if the allegatioiis in the ques- tion be maintained, or if the debtor allow the mat- ter to go by default, a w^arrant of bankruptcy issues, and the estate of the bankrupt is settled in a manner similar to that in a case of voluntary bankruptcy. Fines and imprisonment are decreed against either bankrupts or officers who are guilty of fraud or of- fences under this act. [March 2, 1867.] TABLE OF STATES AND TEEEITORIES. 403 ^ ^ g i o o o c •rt o ^ 00 c Cq CT '^f CO g3 010CNOJ>OC CO iO 10 a i-COOCOiOO-^OCC -t- '^ ^ G^l 00 Ol CO CO C<5 CO i- G< rH 10 CO rHi— 1— li-Hi— tr-i,— It— Ir- CD CO CO CO i-H r-H I— 1 1-H ^ : : cc • G . . o . m s ^ rt : G S (/J S • 2 != a: ill 1^ c/] ]:^ P O (1h (IL . . . ^ . . . • • ^ • . . > . . p: :c^ : , C 03 . CO • . 7 • "^ t:* f= ^ • • t • !^ ^ II ; ifS •h^ 1 P^ ^ o c C3 I:^Jr^i:^0O0O00O0000C GO 00 CJi a OOQOCOOOOOOOOOCOQC 00 00 00 <3i ^«- J:-J:^J:^l:^i:^J:^j>-j>.j:-i:^j^l^i>. 11 l-J x^T G^" oo" of oT co' Qo~ co" i-H CO cTr-Tor "S rH r-l CM 01 CO ^ ^il 404 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. J O O O -f o 05 CO Oi cq CO o 00 CO 00 T— 1 ^ »o o S iOCOOOiOOiOO CsJCOOOOS'^CO^'MGq-* i o O^ O^ O^ O (>]__ OD^ r-H^ -^^ ■c-^x^-^ co_ 7-H^ (>-j^ oi^ <:o_ Oi^ o_ -< ^ cTx--^ juo" cT r-T CO Jr^ lo cT T-T-tr^ of o' cT i^- co" io" CO ^ CO ^ CO tH lO lOCOOiOiO^CCOiOO ^ l-ilrir^r^^ ^ . . . o • • ^;s :•§ : : ^ ^■-d-S-tt-M^t ^ P :- J h'' b §^ .A • 1 1 ^=>,^SH oK 'i 'o|^||| |j P r-1 f-< ^ ^a. ta. t* ^ ."S .-t^ rS r^ O r^^ o ^ ^xOOOOOiOCDO -* -^ o 01 o OJ>'OiOOOicoi— loq CM CO o Oi i>- j:^j>.i>.t— OJ>--t>-l>- CO i:- T— 1 l-H CO X- CO rH 1— 1 B .' : -t-= taL as • • • o -.23 .2 •1 l§ ^ +j .S • .?< C O O r^ -3 § "o gj -S OQ 1 I— icqcDcqcqoi^oo o: O -I CC -tr- iC IC 00 CO p OiOiOSO'— li— li— Ir^ ^CMfMCOCO'+i^^'* .a a ir-i^ir-cooocooocc oooocoooooooa)ooco o ^r-Tr-T"^ CrTr-TO CC "-^lO^o"^ ZD CO C^ Ci CO ^ '^ "^ Oq ^ rH 1— IT— ii— ii— iQq c^cqc^i g '^- 2 2 >-s: c5 6 c c5;^bc2*sJo>-»c5 'o <:«;::j:30iaHOOc . ? lb ^ b • a •r; o rH 3 :" 1 S • C - - o • c • -o H s -g ^; : a «H oH • ^ C3 rH ^ r< ' ^ .2 sa t^ i : >> •r-4 . • ,-) t» 1 O t» <:« • cc • Phco PQ • d) ; ; ; 5 O OD Oi Ci C-l ->:tH ^^ XO lO lO »0 CD CO ^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 ^ i-H 1— 1 r— ( r— I r— 1 -H ^_l o O rJ JU cT rn" of o" -T ^ ^ ^ ^ CO CO a ci • nH r^ •rH .2^ ^X3 c3 g i S* «^ tS cj^l Q tw O Co 'T3 c3 l§S"||g-S ce r^ ;h 03 K : 8 a ofo'o^ ^ IC CO .-H n rH CO '^ a" P % S '3 rt to o r- CO CO o cc O CO CO oc CO 00 GO 1 — 1 T-H 1— 1 • c« 03 ^ -t-* -^ •r- 03 o ft<15s O) f^ "^ ).!? t:; ^O 406 THE NATIONAL HAHD-BOOK. POPULAE AND ELEOTOEAL STATES. 1860. Rep Lincoln. Dem. Douj^las. Dem. Breckenridge Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . Mieliigan Minnesota Mississippi . . . . l*Iissouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey . . . New York North Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . South CaroHna . Teun.essee Texas Vermont Yirginia "West Virginia . . Wisconsin Total 39,1'<3 43,792 3,815 17-2,161 139,033 70,409 1,364 62,811 2,294 106,533 88,480 22,0(59 17,028 37,519 58,324 362,646 231,610 5,270 268,030 12,244 Electors 83,808 1,929 86,iio 13,651 5,227 38,516 15,522 1,023 367 11,590 160,215 115,509 65,111 25,651 7,625 26,693 5,966 34,372 65,057 11,920 8,283 58,801 25,881 62,801 312,510 2,701 187.232 3,951 16,765 7,707 chosen by 11,350 6,849 16,290 65,021 1,866,452 1,375,157 48,831 28,732 34,3^;4 14,641 7.337 8,543 51,889 2,404 12,295 1,048 53,143 22,H81 6,368 42,482 5,989 805 748 40,797 31,317 2,112 48,539 11,405 5,006 178,871 the Legis- 64,709 47,548 218 74,323 847,953 lu 1864, wh. vote, 4,000,850 ; Line's maj ., 406,812.— Li 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line. ov. POPULAil AND ELECTORAL VOTES. 40^ VOTES FOE PEESIDENT. ELECTORAL VOTES. 1864. ELECTORAL VOTES. Eep. Dem. Line. Doug. Breck. Bell. Lincoln. McClellan. Lincoln. McCleirn i:::: 4 9 4 58,698 42,255 "5 .... 6 .... 44,691 42,285 6 .... 3 3 10 8,155 8,767 '3 '.'..'. '.'/.'. .... 14 .... 189,496 158*, 730 "u .... 13 .... 150,238 130,233 13 .... 4 .... 89,075 49,596 8 .... .... . . . - 16,441 3,691 3 .... .... a 12 26,592 61,478 11 '"s D 61,803 44,211 *'*7 ..'.'. .... '**8 40,153 82,739 7 .... 13 .... 126,742 48,745 12 6 85,352 67,370 8 .... 4 7 25,060 17,375 4 .... .... T 1,67 6 31,626 *'ii «... .... 9,826 6,594 '"'3 .'..'. 5 36,400 32,871 5 .... .... .... 60,723 68,024 ' 7 35 368,735 361,986 ■*33 . . . ■. 10 . .... 23 .... 264,975 205,557 21 3 .... 9,888 8,457 3 .... 27 296,391 276,316 26 .... 4 .... 13,692 8,470 4 .... 8 la iture. 12 .... 4 .... • . . . .... 5 .... 42,419 13,321 5 .... 15 .... .... .... .... 23,152 10,438 5 .... 5 ... 83,458 65,884 8 .... 119 16 72 89 2,203,831 1,797,019 213 21 491,275; ov. Breck., 1,018,500; ov. Bell, 1,275,821 ; all others ov. Line, 947,S 408 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULAE AND ELEOTOEAL VOTE TOE PEESIDEl^TT, 186S. Rep. Grant. Dem. Seymom-. Rep. Majority. Alabama 76,366 22,152 54,592 50,996 7,623 57,134 250,293 176,552 120,399 31,046 39,569 33,263 70,426 30,438 136,477 128,550 43,542 85,671 9,729 6,480 38,191 80,121 419,883 96,226 280,128 10,961 342,280 12,903 62,301 56,757 44,167 29,025 108,857 72,086 19,078 54,078 47,951 10,980 102,822 199,143 166,980 74,040 14,019 115,889 80,225 42,396 62,357 59,408 97,069 28,072 59,788 5,439 5,218 31,224 83,001 429,883 84,090 238,700 11,125 313,382 6,548 45,237 36,311 12,045 20,306 84,710 4,280 Arkansas 3,074 California 514 Connecticut 3,045 *3,357 *45,688 Delaware Florida [by Legislature] . . Georgia Illinois 51,150 Indiana 9,572 Iowa. . 46,359 Kansas 17,030 Kentucky * 76, 323 Louisiana. ... *46,962 Maine 28,030 Maryland *31,919 Massachusetts 77,069 Michigan. . . . .... 31,481 Minnesota, 15,470 25,883 4,290 Mississippi [no vote] Missouri Nebraska . . . , Nevada 1,262 New HampsMre. 6,967 *2,880 New Jersey New York *10,000 North Carolina 12,136 Ohio 41,428 Oregon *164 Pennsylvania. . . . 28,898 Rhode Island 6,445 South Carolina 17,064 Tennessee 30,446 Texas [no vote] Vermont 32,122 8,719 Virginia [no vote] West Virginia Wisconsin 24,447 Total 3,013,188 52.71 2,703,600 47.29 309,588 Per cent 5,42 * Democratic majorities. Electoral vote— Ulyssea S. Grant, 214 ; Horatio Seymour, 80. THE GREELEY AND BKOWN PLATFOKM„ 409 THE GREELEY AND BROWN PLATFORM. We, the Liberal Republicans of the United States, in National Convention assembled at Cin- cinnati, proclaim the following principles as essential to just government : CincirmaU, M, 1872. We, the Democratic electors of the United States, in Convention assembled, do present the fol- lowing principles, already adopt- ed at Cincinnati, as essential to just government : Baltimore^ July }Ot?t, 1872. First : We recognize the equality of all men be- fore the law, and hold that it is the duty of Govern- ment, in its dealings with the people, to mete out equal and exact justice to all, of whatever nativity, race, color, or persuasion, religious or political. Second : We pledge ourselves to maintain the Union of these States, emancipation and enfranchise- ment, and to oppose any reopening of tlie questions settled by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution. Third : We demand the immediate and absolute removal of all disabilities imposed on account of the Kebellion, which was finally subdued seven years ago, believing that universal anmesty will re- sult in complete pacification in all sections of the country. 410 THE GREELEY AND BROWN TLATFORM. Fourth : Local self-government, with impartial suffrage, will guard the rights of all citizens more securely than any centralized power. The public welfare requires the supremacy of the civil over the military authority, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus. We demand for the individual the largest liberty consistent with public order ; for the State, self-government, and for the nation a return to the methods of peace and the constitutional limitations of power. Fifth: The Civil Service of the Government has become a mere instrument of partisan tyranny and personal ambition, and an object of selfish greed. It is a scandal and reproach upon free institutions, and breeds a demoralization dangerous to the per- petuity of republican government. AYe therefore regard such thorough reforms of the Civil Service as one of the most pressing necessities of the hour ; that honesty, capacity, and fidelity constitute the onlj^ valid claim to public employment ; that the ofiices of the Government cease to be a matter of arbitrary favoritism and patronage, and that public station become again a post of honor. To this end it is imperatively required that no President shall be a candidate for re-election. Sixth : We demand a system of Federal taxation which shall not unnecessarily interfere with the in- dustry of the people, and which shall provide the means necessary to pay the expenses of the Govern- ment economically administered, the pensions, the THE GKEELEl AND BROWN PLATFORM. 411 interest on the public debt, and a moderate reduc- tion annually of the principal thereof ; and, recog- nizing that there are in our midst honest but irrecon- cilable differences of opinion with regard to the respective systems of Protection and Free Trade, we remit the discussion of the subject to the people in their Congress Districts, and to the decision of Con- gress thereon, wholly free of Executive interference or dictation. Seventh : The public credit must be sacredly maintained, and we denounce repudiation in every form and guise. Eighth : A speedy return to specie payment is demanded alike by the highest considerations of commercial morality and honest government. Ninth : We remember with gratitude the hero- ism and sacrifices (~)f the soldiers and sailors af the Repul)lic, and no acts of ours shall ever detract from their justly earned fame, or the full reward of their patriotism. Tenth : We are opposed to all further grants of lands if^ railroads or other corporations. The public domain should be held sacred to actual settlers. Eleventh : We hold that it is tlie duty of the Government in intercourse with foreign nations, to cultivate the friendship of peace, by treating with all on fair and equal terms, regarding it alike dis- honorable either to demand what is not right, or to submit to what is wrong. 412 THE GREELEY ANB BROWN PLATFORM. Twelfth : For the promotion and success of these- vital principles, and the support of the candidates nominated by this Convention, w^e invite and cor- dially welcome the co-operation of all patriotic citi- zens, without regard to previous affiliations. THTE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. 413 THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. Adopted by the Repuhlioan National Contention held at PMladelphm^ June 5 and 6, 1872. The Republican party of the XlDited States, assem- bled in National Convention in the city of Philadel- phia on the 5th and 6tli days of June, 1872, again declares its faith, appeals to its history, and announces its position upon the questions before the country : First : During eleven years of supremacy it has ac- cepted with grand courage the solemn duties of the time. It suppressed a gigantic rebellion, enancipated four millions of slaves, decreed the equal citizenship of all, and established universal suffrage. Exhibiting unparalleled magnanimity, it criminally punished no man for political offences, and warmly welcomed all who proved their loyalty by obeying the laws and dealing justly with their neighbors. It has steadily decreased, with a tirm hand, the resultant disorders of a great war, and initiated a wise policy toward the Indians. The Pacific Railroad and similar vast enterprises have been generally aided and successfully conducted, the public lands freely given to actual set- lers, immigration protected and encouraged, and a full 414 THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFOKM. acknowledgment of naturalized citizens' rights secured from European Powers. A uniform national cur- rency has been provided, repudiation frowned down^ the national credit sustained under most extraordina- ry burdens, and new bonds negotiated at lower rates. The revenues have been carefull}^ collected and hon- estly- applied. Despite the annual large reductions of rates of taxation, the public debt has been reduced during General (xrant's Presidency at the rate of one hundred millions a year. A great financial crisis has been avoided, and peace and plenty prevail throughout the land. Menacing foreign difficulties have been peacefully and honorably compromised, and the honor and power of the nation kept in high respect throughout the world. This glorious record of the past is the party's best pledge for the future. We believe the people will not entrust the Govern- ment to any party or combination of men composed chiefly of those who have i-esisted eveiy step of this beneficial progress. Seco7id : Complete liberty and exact ecpiality in the enjoyment of all civil, political, and public rights should be established and effectually maintained throughout the Union by efficient and appropriate State and Federal leo-islation. Xeither the law nor its administration should admit of any discrimination in respect of citizenship by reason of race, creed, color, or previous condition of servitude. Third : The i-ecent amendments to the i^ational Constitution should be cordially sustained because they are right, not mei-ely tolerated because they THE GRANT AND WILSON PLATFORM. 415 are law ; and should be carried out accordiug to their spirit by appropriate legislation, the enforcement of which can be safely trusted only to the })arty that secured those amendments. Fov/vth : The National Government should seek to maintain an honorable peace with all nations, pro- tecting its citizens everywhere, and sympathizing with all peoples who strive for greater liberty. Fifth: Any system of the Civil Service under whidi the subordinated positions of the Government are considered rewards for mere party zeal, is fatally demoralizing ; and we therefore favor a reform of the system by laws which shall abolish the evils of patronage, and make honesty, efficiency, and fidelity the essential qualifications for public position, with- out practically creating a life-tenure of office. Sixth: We are opposed to further grants of the public lands to corporations and monopolies, and de- mand that the National domain be set apart for free liomes for the people. Seventh: The annual revenues, after paying the current debts, should furnish a moderate balance for the reduction of the principal, and the revenue, ex- cept so much as may be derived from a tax on tobacco and liquors, be raised by duties upon importations ; the duties of which should be so adjusted as to aid in securing remunerative wages to labor, and promote the industries, gi-owth, and prosperity of the whole country. Eighth: We hold in undying honor the soldiers and sailors whose valor saved the Union ; their pen- 4rl6 THE GEANT AND WILSON PLATFOKM. sions are a sacred debt of the nation, and the widows and orphans ©f those who died for their country are entitled to the care of a generous and grateful peo- ple. We favor such additional legislation as will ex- tend the bounty of the Government to all our soldiers and sailors who where honorably discharged, and who in line of duty became disabled, without regard to the length of service or the cause of such dis- charge. Ninth : The doctrine of Gi-eat Bi'itain and other European Powers concerning allegiance — ^* once a subject, always a subject " — having at last, through the efforts of the Hepnblican party, been abandoned, and the American idea of the individual's right to transfer his allegiance having been accepted by European nations, it is the duty of our Government to guard with jealous care the rights of adopted cit- izens against the assumption of unauthorized claims by their former governments ; and we urge the con- tinual and careful encoumgement and protection of v<,»luntary immigratioTi. Tenth: The franking privilege ought to be abol- ished, and the way prepared for a speedy reduction in the rate of postage. Eleventh: Among the questions which press for attention is that which concerns the relations of cap- ital and labor ; and the Republican part}- recognize the duty of so shaping legislation as to secure full protection and the ablest iield for capital ; and for labor — the creator of capital — the largest opportuni- THE GRANT AND AVILSON PLATFORM. 417 ties and a just share of the mutual profits of those two great servants of ciyilization. Tioelfth : We hold that Congress and the Presi- dent have only fulfilled an imperative duty in their measures for the suppression of violent and treasona- ble organizations in certain lately rebellious regions, and for the protecition of the ballot- l)Ox ; and there- fore they are entitled to the thanks of the nation. Thirteeiith: We denounce repudiation of the pub- lic debt, in any form or disguise, as a national crime. We witness with pride the reduction of the principal of the debt, and of the rates of interest upon the balance ; and confidently expect that onr excellent national cuiTency will l)e perfected by a speedy resumption of specie ]:»ayment. FoitTteenth: The Republican party is mindful of its obligations to the loyal women of America for their noble devotion to the cause of freedom. Their admission to wider fields of usefulness is received* with satisfaction, and the honest demands of any class of citizens for additional rights should be treat- ed with respectful coiisidei-ation. Fifteenth : We heartily approve the action of Con- gress in extending amnesty to those lately in rebel- lion, and rejoice in the growth of peace and fraternal feeling throughout the land. Sixteenth: The Republican party propose to re- spect the rights i-eserved by the people to themselves as carefully as the }X)wers delegated by them to the 418 THE GRANT AND M^ILSON PLATFORM. State and to the Federal government. It disapproves of the resort to unconstitutional laws for the pur- pose of removing evils by interference with rights not surrendered by the people to either the State or National Government. Seventeenth : It is the duty of the General Govern- ment to adopt such measures as will tend to encourage American commerce and ship-building. Eighteenth: We believe that the modest patriot- ism, the earnest purpose, the sound judgment, the practical wisdom, the incorruptible integrity, and the illustrious services of Ulysses S. Grant have commended him to the heart of the American people ; and with him at our head we start to-day upon a new march to victory. Wineteeenth: That the speedy restoration of our foreign commerce, and navigation and ship-building is vital to the honor as it is essential to the security of the nation ; and that a vigorous maritime policy which shall secure employment for our ships, by making the American-built ship the preferred vehi- cle of commerce with foreign countries the same as with the States of the Union, is alone adequate to the emergency. Q,GQ>GQ>(5 Q > O Q> 0' Qj O QjO Q.' OC ' 00 <<'^ (Mi) o I! B _ , w ,' •^ >»| ^ . cj (0 op - — ^ 5 y,, O IJ 4 SI o ® ri n E ':S£ ^ o 0^ 3!^- o a O o o o §1 2^.w « i 5CU U o o a o c3 g^ ^ x"?-, a<(j « =■ o :*->,•/, o e p 4(a^-:3Cc«o"'^-aa-::^^ & C3 ^ y < iS .5- S ^3^2 = 3 O — 00 '^ on --/^ a g-i a ag s^a^ g^ ^^ "C,Oc3^7oSa7cS?3oS Ed 8 S5 *^ -^ ^' ft