">> J?--*. ^v**"'° S^ ^ V' • • • • •^.•i:rij* A^*^ 4^^ ^ \ .'^^^^^'.^^^ A^'^-^AVl-^^ .^''^*^i^^^^^ ^ • "^^ A^ •t'i .$>^^^ ^^-^^^ <^^^ ^°-;k ^4%. V'*^'\^^^ V*^-'*/ v*^^*\/ % /.*^:»^'\ co*.ia^.>o /.ii^.^ o°* /"-^. 55* /. -* • • • V.^'^^ .3 A DISCOURSE C|e Imperatibe Jnties of t^e Jour, DELIVERED IN THE E STREET BAPTIST CHTTRCU, WASHINGTON, D. C, SABBATH EVENING, JULY 5, 1863, BY THE PASTOR, i/ rl Rev. E. H. gray. WASHINGTON : H. POLKINHORN, PRINTER, D STREET, BETWEEN GtH AND 7tH. 1863. .3 Washington, July 9, 1863. Rev. E. H. Gray, Pastor E Street Baptist Church. Reverend and Dear Sir : — Having had the privilege of listening, on Sunday evening last, to your eloquent discourse on "The Imperative Duties of the Hour," and desiring that the admonitions which you have uttered, as appropriate to this day of trouble and rebuke, may reach a wider circle of our fellow-citizens, -we respectfully request that you will favor us with a copy for publication, and thus add to the many obligations under which we remain, Most faithfully yours, JAMES C. WELLING, J. S. POLER, GEORGE WOOD, J. H. YEATMAN, Z. RICHARDS, J. T. GIVEN, A. ROTHWELL, EDMUND F. BROWN. Washington, July 10, 1863. Gentlemen : — Your note asking for a copy of the Sermon preached last Sabbath evening, is received. Your opinion has great weight with me. From the high respect I entertain for your wishes I submit the discourse to your disposal. It was prepared under a sense of great responsibility to God and to my country. That we may individually be prepared for " The Duties of the Hour," and ready to respond cheerfully to the claims of the noblest government God ever gave to man, is the prayer of Truly your servant, E. H. GRAY. Messrs. J. C. Welling, George Wood, Z. Richards, A. Rothwell, J. S. Poler, J. H. Yeatman, J. T. Given, Edmund F. Brown. DISCOURSE. •aUIT YOU LIKE MEN."— I Cor 16: 13. You recollect the opening words of the famous French preacher, at the funeral of the Grrand Monarch : " Only God is Great !" As I stand to-night amid strange scenes, the waves of excitement and awful desolation surging around me, and great changes, involving the interests, and happiness, and national existence even, of thirty millions of human beings ; I feel " Only God is Great !" It seems a kind of impiety to recognize any hand but that which made the world. I know men figure in these scenes largely, but I look upon them only as insignificant agents ; and their very insignifi- cance serves only to bring all the more clearly into the fore- ground, that mysterious Power which led the bannered hosts of Israel through the wilderness — which stood by Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego in the fiery furnace ; and which, in the visions of heaven, "John saw riding forth in righteousness, to judge and to make war !" That august Power is passing through the nation, and amid convulsion and the shock of battle, his voice rings out like a trumpet, " Quit you like menP'' Our Government, the freest-, noblest, best Government of the world, is in peril. All its free institutions are threatened by a gigantic and unholy rebellion, evoked from the sea of stormy passions. It is a Government constructed by the THE IMPERATIVE DUTIES •wisdom, and cemented by the blood of our fathers. It occu- pies a continent that seems designed to be united in one political union, inhabited by one people, speaking one lan- guage, and establishing an identity of interest. This Gov- ernment was intended to be perpetual, it was accepted with that understanding, it was ratified in most solemn covenants and blood, and thus introduced into the brotherhood of the nations of the earth. Under this Government we have become a most happy and favored people. We have had peace at home and respect abroad. We have been prospered without a parallel. The area of our territory has been ex- tended, our population increased, the sails of our commerce spread over every sea, and our institutions have given us position and prestige among the nations, and have commanded respect and honor in courts and cabinets beyond the seas. Here the arts have flourished, enterprise has been quickened, territories have been improved, intelligence has been diffused, prejudices have been corrected, ideas enlarged, wealth accu- mulated, civilization extended, and society achieved a per- manent advance, and the Kingdom of God has been expand- ing itself, and girding for future conquest. Indeed, the his- tory of the world presents no other such instance of liberty, order, and happines. All these are now in peril ; God calls us to rise up for their defence ! It is not for military con- quest we gird on our arms — witness High Heaven — but to defend the Government against overthrow ; the Constitution against anarchy ; liberty against military despotism, and loyalty against treason ! The great body of our people would have rejoiced to have escaped the conflict ; they prayed against it ; they reasoned against it — but it has come. Our armies have been mustered into service, they have met on the battle-field, and, as a people, we stand to-day confronted with all the stern, grim, and terrible realities of civil war ! What, then, are the imperative duties of the hour? OF THE HOUR. I. — There should be humiliation before God, and sin- cere REPENTANCE FOR SIN. We are verily guilty, and it is for our sins God is punish- ing us. Nothing is clearer than that for the first 4,000 years of our race, God gave special attention to the manage- ment of nations and of governments. He dealt with na- tions in prosperity and in judgment, with rewards and with punishments, just as He did with individuals; He dealt with them by name and by character ; He dealt with nations and with national sins; He delivered oppressed nations from their oppressors ; He exalted, and He debased them ; He raised them up, and He destroyed them. High above all em- pire roll the living wheels of God's moral Government ; and the rolling of those wheels can no more be arrested than can the sun in his march. Whenever, therefore, nations have thrown themselves across the track of those burning wheels, they have been like gossamer in the path of the whirlwind. Egypt, ancient of empires, in her pride, threw herself across it, and headless sphinxes, cities of the dead, and pyramids, which lift themselves as the gravestones of 4,000 years, are all that remain of her ancient grandeur. The Assyrian threw himself across it, and mountain heaps and masses of vitrified rubbish strown amid arid wastes — these, the " finger prints of the Red Right Hand,'" tell us where Celestial Wrath did its dreadful work ! Tyre and Idumea threw themselves across it ; and their ruins show where the car of vengeance drove along the mountains of Edom ! The Jew threw himself across the Eternal Counsels, and the liv- ing wheels rolled over him ! " The Roman ploughshare has passed over the sepulchre of David, and the Moslem Mosque rises on the sight of the. Holy of Holies !" Hence, we are taught (and it is a fearful lesson that comes down from dead 6 THE IMPERATIVE DUTIES nations) that sin challenges the wrath of Heaven, and whelms guilty nations in ruin. When nations become impious, and scoff at God, and trample upon his authority, then the angels of wrath are already at work, and the fires of ruin are already on temple and tower ; for " wider than the sword devours, or the pestilence walks, or the whirlwind raves, prevails the eternal law for men and nations, that to sin is to die !"* And we have sinned ! Men and brethren, as a nation, we have sinned ! We have been mad in our pursuit of gain ; we have been irreverent towards God ; we have scoffed at his law; we have desecrated His Sabbaths; we have pro- faned his name ; we have cruelly oppressed the weaker race in our borders, and the cry of four millions of God's poor has gone up to Heaven against us — 'therefore, the judgments of God are upon us, and "His red artillery has started down the slope of the Heavens" and opened upon us ! What shall we do ? Do as Nineveh did ! The prophet cry rung through the city its terrible alarm. It was repentance or ruin ! The king rose up from his throne, laid aside his robe, covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. The people followed the example ; the people of that great city bowed before God, humbled, and penitent, and believing. And God turned away his wrath and saved them ! So He will save us, if we humble ourselves, confess our sins, and turn away from our wrong-doing. This, this is the first imperative duty of the hour. The II IS, Loyalty to the Government. I am not here to preach politics, in the part}'" sense of the term ; I never did this in the pulpit; I think I shall not begin now. Nor am I here to make an apology for my * Voices of History by T. M. Post, D. D. OF THE HOUR. utterances. Honest plainness of speech, inspired by the fear of God, and bj love for our common country, which only deepens under disaster, surely can offend no honest hearer, if he be either Christian or patriot. And the times, in my judgment, imperatively demand that the pulpit should speak. This is no how- for God's servants to hide themselves and practice ambiguity. The tremendous and appalling drama of events, in which God is chief actor, should bring every man to the altar of pra^'-er, and then carry him, at once, from the altar to the discharge of the duties he owes to God and to his country. I honor the clergymen of Philadelphia, who, last week, offered to go into the trenches, to work for the defence of the city. They did no more than their duty. Clergymen should both preach and practice loyalty. I should be very happy with my brother clergymen to do the same thing for Wash- ington, when necessary. No good citizen can be neutral in such an hour as this. The principle which Christ applied to men in respect to His kingdom will apply equally here : " S^e that is not for me is against one .'" It must be so, for we cannot serve two mas- ters. We are, therefore, called upon to prove, by patriotic sacrifices, that hosts of freemen, rallying at the call of the Government, can sustain it, and uphold it, and defend it, better than it can be defended by a standing army. We are to prove ourselves worthy of our institutions, worthy of our lineage, worthy of the rights of freemen, by making sacri- fices with cheerfulness; by rendering due reverence to those whom God has placed in authority, and by remaining true to the great interests at stake, amid all risks of life or treas- ure, through all trial and disaster, to the end. And recollect the Government does not consist in a piece of parchment, but in the living men who, by the Providence of God, are entrusted with the administration of national affairs ; and if you do not support the men charged with the interests of the 8 THE IMPERATIVE DUTIES nation, you bid for a revolution, and that will bring anarchy. Let loyalty then find a home in every patriotic breast. Let its suppressed fires flame out I Let its earnest words be voiced forth ! Let the patriotic glow become hotter and whiter ! Let the fervor of patriotism be like the subterra- nean forces that rock a mountain or shake a continent. This is the second duty of the hour — loyalty I The III Duty demanded, is Earnest Prayer. Oh, what act more imperative at this awful hour, than that of earnest, importunate prayer to Almighty God? The nation ought to be upon their knees ! The divine displeasure is waked up against us. The voice of God's Providence, lifted above the tumults of the people, is calling us to thoughtful- ness and to prayer. In ancient times, when the war note rang through the tribes of Israel, the people flocked to Shiloh, to ask counsel of Jehovah, before they set the battle in array against the foe. Oh, that the nation would now come up to the world's great Shiloh. A better preparation for the present crisis, I am sure, cannot be secured than humbly to confess our sins and com- mit our country's cause to the care of Almighty God. This done, we may safely take the field against rebellion, and, in the name of the Lord, set up our banner. Indeed, prayer is urgent. Pray ye who can. Pray for our brothers already in arms, who have left home and friends, and gone forth to battle for our dearest rights and most sacred liberties. Pray for those who are gathering to breast the shock of bat- tle, to pour out their blood and sacrifice their lives upon the altar of their country. Pray as the Eoyal Singer and Cap- tain of Israel did: " Wilt not thou, oh, God, go forth loith our hosts and had on our armics?^^ Pray for our commanders, that they may be men of God. Pray for the sick and OF THE HOUR. wounded, and for the prisoner. Pray for our public enemies, entreating God to give them repentance for their great crime, and turn them away from their great wickedness. Pray for the Chief Magistrate and his associates, that God would endue them with all the wisdom, and prudence, and energy, and decision necessary to meet the tremendous responsibilities of the hour. Pray for bereaved and bleeding hearts in lonely homes ; hearts whose agonized thoughts, by an irresistible fascination, go forth on the battle-field in the (;ieep hour of the night, searching for well-remembered faces and familiar forms, now gashed and gory. Oh, what imaginary searchings are on yonder field to-night ! Oh, pray for them. Prayer is the third great duty of the hour ! The IV IS, Coxcert of Action among all Loyal Men. This is no time to contend for personal preferences, or to maintain party attachments. It is a time that calls for the union of all true men in the one great issue now pending before the country. Could I get the ear of politicians, I would say, let there be no contending for old party lines, and no attempt to form new issues, while the roar of cannon is in our ears and the sword at our breasts. Side issues are now out of place. We ask not for men's antecedents, we care nothing for them ; we ask for their present loyalty. We want "one idea'''' men, and that idea for the Government." We may differ in respect to many things in the past ; we may differ as to many things in the future ; but God grant we may be a " unit " for the present. " Misguided and trea- sonable men have left us no alternative (a statesman has well said) but to fight ; our capital must be defended, our flag must be sustained, the authority of the Government must be vindicated !" To do this we must be united. If we divide our strength our cause is lost. We cannot conquer this rebel- 10 THE IMPERATIVE DUTIES lion unless we are thoroughly united in purpose to do so, and if we are thus united, with the blessing of God, nothing is surer than our successful triumph. V. — We should strike vigorously, and earnestly, and FATALLY, THIS KeBELLION. This fierce and bloody war has been forced upon us by disappointed, wicked men; and I verily believe if we would save the effusion of blood, if we would shorten the fearful struggle, if we would conquer an enduring peace, we must smite this rebellion with a giant arm. There must be no dismemberment of :he republic. Should we' consent to such a separation it would settle nothing. Two clusters of States, such as the proposed dismemberment would give us, cannot possibly divide our territory amicably between thern. The very structure of the Continent forbids it ; all the antecedents of our history forbid it ; all the passions of our nation forbid it ; the ink upon such a treaty of peace would scarcely be dry, before the hot embers of civil strife would fiame up afresh. The only way out of this terrible war is on straight through it luith tnight and main. Just after the rebellion broke out, a statesman of France* said to an American : " Sir, your republic is dead, and it is probably the last the world will ever see. You will have a reign of terrorism, and after that, break up into monarchies." " Yotir rejmhlic dead P^ High Heaven forbid it ! God of our fathers, and God of the right, forbid it ! And still, all this, and more, is likely to be verified if this revolt succeed. This conflict, then, in which we are engaged, is not for our- selves alone, nor even for our j^osterity : it is for the world — • it is for all time. * M. Achille Fould, Minister of Finance. OF THE HOUR. H The question of the possibility of maintaining free institu- tions is now before the world for solution. The problem of the continuance of a free government is about to be solved, and if the grand experiment, inaugurated by our fathers, and so long and so successfully carried forward in our hands, shall now fail, and our country sink into a state of anarchy, or be broken up into petty sovereign States, alien, hostile, and making war upon each other, farevjell to future rej^uhlics ; farewell to the genius of liberty ; farewell to the freedom of the world! For despotism, having clutched the throat of free- dom, will throttle her ; and^^vljen the heart that beats so proud and strong with glorio.trs"ho|)e3 and memories is stilled, then the wretched ages that wait on dead empires will gather around and lay her in the grave. Oh, brethren, shall there be such a burial ? To prevent this let us strike — strike hard; deal overwhelming blows; send the giant treason staggering to the earth. Finish the work — finish it effectually — finish it forever ! Let it hence- forth be settled that this Grovernment has a right to be ; and when discontent and treason stretch out their sacrilegious hand, to smite down the pillars of government, let that hand itself be smitten down and forever palsied. This rebellion has grown to such gigantic proportions that no half-way measures to suppress it will suffice ; no feeble, superficial treatment will cure the malignant cancer. Surgery, terrible surgery, is demanded, to cut deep around its roots and probe it to the bottom. Let the cautery burn this ulcer out. This is not cruelty, but kindness. I would not love to amputate a limb, but I would cut away the limb with knife and saw — through flesh, and bone, and marrow, to save a man's life ; this would be mercy to the man. So, love for the country, for our homes, for our free institutions ; nay, philanthrophy and patriotism, and liberty, all demand vigorous and sum- mary treatment of this rebellion. The questions of national rights and constitutional freedom should now be so settled 12 THE IMPERATIVE DUTIES that the grim spectre of secession and treason shall not again pass through the land, with fire and sword, shaking their gory locks in the faces of posterity. Yet I would by no means counsel unnecessary severity. Loyalty is not revenge. A spirit of bitterness and hate does not wait upon justice. True courage does not revel in wanton violence. A holy cause, like ours, does not require cruelty. Strike, but be magnanimous ; strike, but pity. This is both the lesson and the duty of the hour. VI. — We should cherish in this conflict, a firm and UNWAVERING RELIANCE UPON DiVINE PROVIDENCE. A most imperative duty always, but especially so at this juncture. If ever a nation could stand uncovered before the God of battles, and appeal to his Almighty arm to give vic- tory to the right, then I solemnly believe that we may, in this hour, rely upon God. I believe we are in the right ; I believe God is on the side of the right, and the right will ultimately prevail. The victory may not come to day, nor to-morrow. It may be long delayed. It may not come with- out much cost of blood and treasure, it probably will not ; for what, either great or good, was ever obtained that did not pass through a baptism of blood? But it will come, as sure as truth, and knowledge, and right, and freedom, shall prevail over error, and ignorance, and tyranny, and crime ; it will come. The goal is certain, fore written in prophecy and in history. We can wait for the issue, if need be ; wait in patience and in hope, since we are moving on in the line of causes, fixed as the Throne of God, and sure of triumph as His own kingdom of truth and righteousness. Hence, this cause is one which every Christian can plead before his God. It is one which every minister can take into his pulpit, and advocate with the same voice with which he pleads the won- OF THE HOUR. 13 ders of redemption. But, replies the objector, was not your master a man of peace ? Most certainly, He was the " Prince of Peace ;" and yet, there are times when it is equally true, as He Himself said, " I came not to send peace, but a sword !" This, doubtless, is one of them. Hence, I think there need be no hesitation in our minds concerning the attitude of God in this field of strife. I speak with reverence, yet with firm conviction, when I say that every attribute of God, and every movement of His hand in human history, points clearly towards the integrity and the justice of this cause. If it were "conquest" that was in- tended, or mere "military subjugation," or "avarice," or " oppression," that was sought for in this war, on our part, we might well have our misgivings. But it is a struggle for "freedom," for "justice," for "right," for the maintenance of a righteous government and equitable laws ; and hence, the " Lord of hosts is with us ; the God of Jacob is our refuge !" But, if God is with us, why are our armies suffered to be defeated ? I reply, why did God permit His chosen peo- ple, the Jews, to be frequently defeated by their enemies, while He Himself was leading them from Egypt to Canaan ? Why did He allow them to be driven, panic-smitten, before their enemies, even after they had entered the promised land ? This, we now see, was no evidence that God was not with them. Why did God permit His servant Daniel to remain all night among the lions, and not send deliverance till morn- ing ? This was no proof that God had forsaken the prophet ! Why did Christ suffer his disciples to be tossed a whole night on a tempestuous sea, every moment liable to go down, and not go to their relief till the fourth watch of the night, or five o'clock in the morning ? This was no evidence that Christ had abandoned his disciples. Why did God permit Sin and Satan to run riot over all the earth for 4,000 years, before he sent deliverance to the race, in the person of his Son ? Nor have we any reason to apprehend that God has forsaken us 14 THE mrEEATIVE DUTIES because every movement is not a success, and every battle a victory. " God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform, He plants his footsteps in the sea, And rides upon the storm," directing it. God is directing this storm, and at the right time, and in the right manner. He will still it. When we come to read God's record of this war, we shall find that every battle lost, every fortress evacuated, and every soldier slain, were necessary to our final success. God's sovereign hand is in the whole ; it is as busy in our affairs to-day, as it was in those of David and Solomon. It is guiding the marching of events as truly now, as in those stupendous scenes des- cribed in the Apocalypse. Hence, a late writer* has very significantly compared God's government to a huge time piece, wound up and set a going by the hand of the Almighty Maker. " The pendulum of this great clock is ever swinging, ticking one child of Adam into existence, and ticking another out. Now, it gives the whirr of warning, and the world may look out for some great event. Then it speedily rings in a noisy revolution. Another swing of the pendulum, a continent is discovered, a kingdom is dismembered, an em- pire falls. "We cannot read the writing on the mystic cogs as they are coming slowly up ; but each of them is coming on God's errand, and carries in its graven brass, a Divine decree !" And thus, the great clock of human destiny will move on till a mighty hand shall grasp its heart and hush its pulse of iron. Truly God is in human destiny. Let us trust him ! Thus, brethren, I have given you my thoughts on the duties of the hour. I have not spoken as a politician or a partizan, but as a minister of Christ, and a citizen of this great republic. I have duties and interests in common with * Rev. James Hamilton, D. D. OF THE HOUR. 15 you, and hence I have spoken from a sense of duty to you, to my bleeding country, to my God. If the views I have expressed are not, in your opinion, correct, or the utterances deemed out of place, I have only to say, you have as much right to think your thoughts as I have to think mine. All I claim is, to do my own thinking ; I accord to you the right to do yours. But, brethren, a great responsibility is on us. "We are living, we are dwelling, in a grand and awful time." God has summoned us to "array both for the battle and for the altar." Shall we quit us like men ? Never in our day did we stand on so high a moral vantage-ground. Never, I firmly believe, were we in closer alliance with eternal justice than now. A vast work is to be done, requiring great forti- tude, valor, loyalty, and faith in God. Shall we quit us like men. We have only to glance at the colossal forces arrayed against each other in mortal struggle, to perceive that we are in the midst of events, the fame of which will go sound- ing along the ages to come. Events move on with, a rush ; there is something in their magnitude, rapidity, and prodi- gious effects which baffles all strategy and defies all foresight. A thousand years used to be with the Lord as one day, now one day is almost as a thousand years. These are the times appointed for the highest development of manhood ; this is the hour for making heroes ; mankind are marching on to freedom ! "Each revolution is a step ;" the wheels of destiny do not go backward ; the " sun of the moral universe is entering a new ecliptic !" Trust in God ; Jehovah is Ruler of Nations, not demagogues. It is always folly to try to walk through this world by sight only ; it is madness to do so now ! Oh ! let us remember, if we would not be confounded, if we would triumph over the wrong, if we would look the future in the face without dismay, we must keep step to the music of Divine Providence, and in all our march shout " alleluia, FOR THE Lord God omnipotent reigneth !" \ i60 s