CJassEA^ZS 
 BookX5!\4- 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 J&5± 
 
GIBBON'S BOMAN EMPIEE, 
 
 , EDITED BY AN ENGLISH CHURCHMAN. VOL. I. 
 
 \> 
 
 FOKIIING- THE PIEST VOLUME OF 
 
 JOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS. 
 
 A dishonest review of the above volume having 
 appeared in the Athenaeum of February 18th, the 
 editors feel called upon to expose and reply to it. That 
 it has been concocted by an unscrupulous partizan of a 
 rival undertaking is conspicuous from the whole tenor 
 of the article, and particularly from the following indi- 
 cations — the gratuitous praise of Dean Milman's edi- 
 tion, not properly in question, and an adroit inuendo 
 in favour of another edition then at press and since 
 obsequiously lauded in the same journal. The writer 
 is recognizable, for as much of the matter as is his 
 own, by a stereotyped mode of criticism, which a very 
 ordinary scholar may turn against any author or editor, 
 so as to mystify and mislead those (now daily becoming 
 fewer) who do not take the trouble to examine for 
 themselves, but believe that whatever appears in an 
 accredited journal must be honest and faithful. 
 
 The faults alleged against our edition are, when 
 sifted, so utterly insignificant, that we cannot but 
 congratulate ourselves that the lynx-eyed jealousy 
 and spleen which dictated the article could discern 
 none of more importance. It is all but impossible to 
 take up any book, especially a first edition, in which 
 printers' mistakes, technically called 'literals/ do not 
 occur; but they so rarely interfere with the sense, that 
 a reader must be very incompetent who cannot correct 
 them for himself. We will undertake to find them in 
 every book extant, and could at once, were there occa- 
 sion, point out a considerable number in some of the 
 most expensive publications of the day. 
 
 Having drawn attention to the animus of the review, 
 we shall now proceed to rebut the charges seriatim. 
 
 Passing over the common-place jargon of the 
 reviewer, and his assumptions without proof, we come 
 to the figures, which, as they are of a counting-house 
 character, we shall deal with ledger-fashion. 
 
ATHENiEUM. 
 
 " At page 12 we should 
 read, ' a hundred and sixty- 
 two,' instead, of ' a hundred 
 and thirty-two ;' the former 
 number is found in the 
 quarto, and is necessary to 
 make the total." 
 
 EDITORS REPLY. 
 
 The very first assertion of 
 our would - be immaculate 
 critic is a quadruple blun- 
 der of his own. The num- 
 ber in question is not at 
 page 12, but at page 15; it 
 should not "read 162, in- 
 stead of 132;" the former 
 number is not " found in the 
 quarto," and it is not "the 
 number necessary to make 
 the total." 
 
 After all this blundering,. 
 we may tell him that he- 
 will find the correct number 
 in our second edition. 
 
 All that brings out this- 
 extra piece of flippancy is- 
 the accidental omission of ah. 
 n in a short note ; which pro- 
 duces no confusion whatever, 
 and would be passed over 
 by any one who has done 
 spelling his letters. 
 
 The critic is welcome to* 
 his "1," but as the term 
 Alani, correctly spelt, occurs 
 continually throughout the- 
 volume, the reader must be 
 very fastidious who can be 
 disconcerted by its once- 
 having a letter more than 
 required. 
 
 Another blunder of the 
 critic's own. We do not 
 read at page 20, but at 
 page 23. Those who so 
 anxiously peer for faults in 
 others should beware of com- 
 mitting them wholesale them-, 
 selves. The ellipsis of the 
 word "the" does not in the 
 least disturb the sense. 
 
 At page 38, we read of Simply an i for a u, an or-. 
 
 "At page 18 we have \ Mar- 
 cus Antoniws' confounded 
 with ' Marcus Antoninus,' 
 and a beautiful piece of confu- 
 sion introduced into histori- 
 cal chronology." 
 
 " At page 19 we notice a 
 misspelling — ' AZlani,' in- 
 stead of ' Alani.' 
 
 "At page 20, we read 'the 
 one eastern,' instead of ' the 
 one the eastern.' 
 
3 
 
 ATITE> T JEt7Ar. 
 
 • the ingenious youth who 
 resorted to Athens,' instead 
 of ' the ingenuous youth,' — 
 an error which destroys the 
 force and perverts the sense 
 of Gibbon's passage." 
 
 "At page 41 (in a note), 
 we make acquaintance with 
 a new author, one ' Tretul- 
 lian,' who turns out, however, 
 to be our old friend ' Tertul- 
 lian,' in the ' Churchman's ' 
 disguise." 
 
 At page 62, we have " the 
 majestic edifices designed to 
 the public use," instead of 
 ' destined.'' 
 
 " At page 93, a word is 
 omitted. We read ' after a 
 serious discussion,' instead 
 of 'after a very serious dis- 
 cussion.'" 
 
 EDITORS EEPLT. 
 
 dinary printer's error, which 
 would not perplex a boy on 
 the lowest form. Indeed, if 
 the word had been entirely 
 omitted, the sense would 
 have been just as complete. 
 
 This gratuitous comment 
 on the accidental transpose 
 tion of a single letter in a 
 name so familiar to the rea- 
 ders of G-ibbon, is a fair spe- 
 cimen of the reviewer's lite- 
 rary chicanery. He does not 
 let it transpire that the name 
 is merely part of the title, of 
 a book else so correctly de- 
 scribed, that the veriest tyro 
 in literature could not mis- 
 take it. 
 
 This very reading occurs 
 in both Milman's editions, 
 and in every edition we have 
 been able to examine, since 
 the second quarto. The 
 reviewer seems to have known 
 that it was to be altered in 
 Smith's, which was then 
 printed, though not pub- 
 lished. AVe are after all 
 not quite sure which is the 
 best word, and think it very 
 likely to have been a cor- 
 rection of Gibbon's own, in 
 one of the 8vo editions 
 printed during his lifetime. 
 
 Strange to say, this very 
 omission occurs in both Mil- 
 man's editions, as well as in 
 one of the preceding tratUj 
 editions, which the respec- 
 tive printers appear to have 
 taken in common as their 
 rough copy. This was in 
 the early pages, and before 
 
4 ; 
 
 ATHE^^UM. EDITOES REPLY. 
 
 our reader had been put on 
 his guard to trust only to 
 the best quarto edition. 
 
 There are half-a-dozen other printer's slips of exactly 
 the same importance, such as thirteenth volume for 
 thirtieth, in a note ; institutions for institution, where 
 the sense is not in the least altered ; averse for adverse ; 
 to all of which we could give the like answers, but 
 must save our space for something more to the purpose. 
 All such errors of the press will be pointed out in a 
 list of errata at the end of the work. 
 
 We halt, however, before proceeding to our next 
 division, at one assumed error, which calls for more 
 particular notice. 
 
 "On page 65, we read of a 
 city of ' Vienna ' (in Gaul). 
 Of course it is an error. 
 Thetruereadmgis'Vienne.' " 
 
 This is the Pons Asinorum 
 of our conceited critic. He 
 must either admit his igno- 
 rance or his dishonesty. If 
 he had looked into a classical 
 atlas, he would have seen 
 that Vienna is correct. Gib- 
 bon has so given it delibe- 
 rately in both his quartos; 
 and every subsequent edi- 
 tion, including Milman's, has 
 followed it. Any schoolboy 
 knows that the modern name 
 is Vtenne, but we should not 
 have felt justified in altering 
 what Gibbon wrote, and evi- 
 dently meant to retain. Our 
 business is fidelity not capri- 
 cious alterations. We leave 
 these to the recent editor, the 
 critic's bantling, who we see 
 has changed the a into an e. 
 
 And here we have done with this trumpery parade 
 of typographical oversights, and turn to consider what 
 more concerns us : the quality of the additional notes, 
 and our competency as editors. 
 
 " In the first place, we We consider our arrange- 
 object to the arrangement, ment of the notes the very 
 
5 
 
 ATHEKEUM. 
 
 for although the notes very 
 properly bear the names 
 of their several contribu- 
 tors, they are mixed up with 
 the notes of Gibbon himself, 
 and consequently the reader 
 cannot consult the author's 
 own elucidations of his text 
 without having his attention 
 drawn away to irrelevant spe- 
 culations." 
 
 "In the second place, we ob- 
 ject both to the number and to 
 the quality of the notes. As 
 in other Variorum editious, 
 the editor seems to have con- 
 sidered it part of his duty to 
 give in extenso all previous 
 commentaries, whether good, 
 bad, or indifferent, and then 
 to expatiate at length on the 
 errors of his predecessors." 
 
 EDITORS' EEPLT. 
 
 best possible, but of this 
 the reader will judge for 
 himself. Instead of giving 
 the additions in separate de- 
 tachments, on the principle 
 so humorously quizzed in 
 "Horace with Notes upon 
 Notes," or as exemplified 
 in " Valpy's Delphin and 
 Variorum Classics," where, 
 when you think you have 
 done you have to begin 
 again, we make our additional 
 illustrations follow Gibbon's 
 own consecutively, separating 
 them only by brackets. This 
 is our publisher's arrange- 
 ment, and he is likely to know 
 pretty well what his readers 
 prefer. Milman and Dr. 
 Smith have followed the 
 other course, which we think 
 perplexing and wasteful of 
 space. Our plan enables us 
 to give more information in 
 half their compass. 
 
 This remark is utterly at 
 variance with the fact, as the 
 reader will see at a single 
 glance. Were it true, the 
 book would be swelled to fifty 
 volumes. It has sometimes 
 been necessary to give long 
 notes, but wherever this oc- 
 curs they are extremely con- 
 densed, and often comprehend 
 the substance of a chapter. 
 
 One of such notes, respect- 
 ing Palestine, is at page 
 30. It comprehends in sixty 
 lines all that has been use- 
 fully said by Wenck, Guizot, 
 and Dr. Clarke. The paral- 
 lel note in Dean Milman's 
 
6 
 
 ATHEMUM. EDITOKS' REPLY. 
 
 edition, which is partially 
 adopted from "Wenck and 
 Guizot, occupies nearly two 
 octavo pages. In Dr. Smith's 
 new edition of Milman (which 
 though then unpublished our 
 critic evidently had in view), 
 the note extends to only half 
 a dozen lines, which for the 
 value of their information 
 might just as well have been 
 omitted. It is underwritten, 
 like many more of the notes, 
 
 ABRIDGED EROM G. & M. 
 
 and a pretty abridgment it is. 
 
 The critic, in further evidence of his assumption, 
 that many of our notes are unnecessarily given in 
 cxtenso, quotes one on Cyrene, at page 32, extending 
 to exactly half a page, which, he says, w r e have taken 
 occasion to introduce en. the c slight circumstance ' of 
 Gibbon's mention of this city; and declares it to be 
 a mere parade of learning. Now Gibbon happens to 
 make particular, not slight, mention of Cyrene, and 
 often refers to it in succeeding volumes. We think 
 the note instructive, and are sure that it contains 
 facts not accessible by reference to any dictionary, 
 even Dr. Smith's. We doubt, therefore, whether 
 the critic's clever "Westminster boy, with a library 
 within reach," (mark, a whole library !) could have 
 found the illustration. But what comparison does 
 this note bear to its parallel by Guizot, who occu- 
 pies more than an octavo page with a parcel of ex- 
 ploded fables, and gives us no information but what may 
 be found more complete in Lempriere. Milman properly 
 describes Guizot' s note as 'long and unnecessary;' but, 
 instead of substituting anything which illustrates the 
 text, favours us with some " irrelevant speculations" on 
 Mahommed Ali and the French in Algiers. 
 
 Having found fault with us for giving too much illus- 
 tration, our captious critic next objects that we give too 
 little ; but again blunders, citing, instead of chap, vi, 
 chap, xvii, which was not in the volume^ before him. 
 
He informs us that Gibbon's elaborate account of the 
 taxation of the Roman empire, " is perhaps one of the 
 most important of his errors %y — " a subject so dark here- 
 tofore," &c, and then presumes that we had never heard 
 of Savigny' s researches on the subject. Now as Ger- 
 man scholars, with Mr. Bonn's library at hand, we are 
 likely to be quite as familiar with Savigny as either of the 
 reviewer's pet editors; but the very complete information 
 furnished us by Wenck and others made more unneces- 
 sary. It is curious too, and very peculiar, that Milman 
 does not in his sixth chapter quote a line from Savigny 
 on the subject, although the essay in question, at least 
 the portion of it referred to, was published long before 
 his edition. He satisfies himself with a few short quo- 
 tations from Wenck, as Guizot in substance had done 
 before him ; but neither editor is anything like so full 
 as our own. The cynic seems to have been aware, that 
 Savigny was to be quoted in Dr. Smith's forthcoming 
 edition, and paves the way for so important a fact ! 
 We therefore, on the day of publication, turned to the 
 sixth chapter with avidity, and found — lo and behold ! 
 what? two notes, one affording no elucidation whatever 
 of anything in the text, the other pointing out some 
 changes in the mode of taxing the provinces, which Gib- 
 bon is accused of having omitted. We have only to ob- 
 serve, that the subject of changes in Roruan taxation was 
 reserved by Gibbon for his seventeenth chapter, and there 
 our illustrations are given from Niebuhr's Lectures. 
 
 The critic next cavils at us, for not finding a corner 
 for the curious fact brought to light by the recently 
 discovered work of Hippolytus,* that Marcia, the con- 
 cubine of Commodus, was a Christian ; but he omits 
 to tell us how this would illustrate one word in Gibbon, 
 
 * Alluding to an anonymous Greek fragment entitled ( Omnium 
 Hrrrcsium Refutatlo,' at first, from internal evidence, presumed to be 
 the work of Origen, and published as such in 1851, (in one volume 
 8vo.) by the Oxford University press ; but since asserted to be part of 
 •a lost work of Hippolijtus, and under that title elaborated into four 
 volumes by the Chevalier Bunsen. The gist of the passage in question 
 turns on the interpretation of the word <pi\69eoe. The book is praised 
 in the Edinburgh Review of January, 1853, and disparaged, evidently 
 by a High-churchman, in the Morning Chronicle of N/ovember 2nd 
 aud 10th, 1S52, where it is called a mare's nest, and the editor 
 accused of discovering forgeries everywhere but where they exist. 
 
or throw any light on the history of the age. Unless 
 such a case can be made out, surely the blushing 
 Christian would rather conceal than proclaim the 
 obnoxious truth. It is not introduced either by Dean 
 Milman or Dr. Smith, and if the latter had originally 
 intended to insert it, when the review was concocted, 
 the Dean probably saw in time the propriety of ex- 
 punging it. 
 
 ATIIENJEUM. 
 
 *'•' How shall we account," 
 proceeds the reviewer, " for 
 the extraordinary statement 
 made at page 77, that Plu- 
 tarch was appointed Prelect 
 of Illyricum ? Is not this 
 statement founded on a mis- 
 apprehension of the mean- 
 ing of a passage in Suidas? 
 Moreover, is not that passage 
 justly rejected by scholars ?" 
 
 EDITOKS REPLY. 
 
 The passage in Suidas 
 which the critic assumes to be 
 "justly rejected by scholars," 
 is given as genuine by that 
 distinguished scholar Gais- 
 eoed, in his very accu- 
 rate edition, recently pub- 
 lished under the auspices, 
 and at the expense, of the 
 University of Oxford ; and 
 the passage is quoted as au- 
 thentic by Clinton, in the 
 first volume of his Fasti Ro- 
 mani, published at Oxford 
 1841 ; and in the second 
 volume published in 1850, he 
 adds, without contradicting 
 anything forgone, that, ' Plu- 
 tarch also held office many 
 years at Delphi.' We would 
 rather be wrong with Gais- 
 ford and Clinton, than right 
 with the reviewer. But 
 even had the passage been 
 proved spurious, which it 
 has not (and we believe it to 
 be quite as authentic as any 
 thing in the so-called Hip- 
 poly tus), it would not have 
 aiFected the value of the 
 note, the object of which is 
 to show that learned men 
 were patronised and promot- 
 ed to lucrative offices by 
 Trajan and his successors ; 
 and Plutarch is only instan- 
 
.A.TREKJBUM. EDITOEs' BEPLT. 
 
 ced as one among the num- 
 ber. The other examples are 
 more than sufficient to sub- 
 stantiate the assertion. 
 
 We now arrive at the climax of the reviewer's absur- 
 dities. Let him speak for himself: — 
 
 " In another place our 
 doughty editor attempts to 
 correct Gibbon himself, in 
 spite of Xiebuhr's warning, 
 even to the ripest scholars, 
 to beware of contradicting 
 the great English historian ; 
 and as a matter of course he 
 makes a ridiculous blunder 
 in his daring attempt." 
 
 (The next (paragraph, 
 which we have separated' for 
 the convenience of a juxta- 
 position answer, is " the 
 daring attempt T) 
 
 " Gibbon speaks of the 
 Aboras, or as it is called by 
 Xenophon, the Araxes. The 
 editor says that Xenophon 
 did' not cross this river, and 
 that the Araxes of Xenophon 
 is the well-known river which 
 flows into the Caspian Sea. 
 The reader curious in Gib- 
 bonian lore and criticism, 
 has only to turn to the 
 Anabasis (lib. 1, cap. 4, sec. 
 19) to see that Xenophon 
 did cross the Araxes, and 
 that it was a river of Syria, 
 
 With regard to our teme- 
 rity in proposing any cor- 
 rections of Gibbon, we refer 
 him to the authority of his 
 own types of perfection, both 
 of whom correct unhesita- 
 tingly. Niebuhr, too, not- 
 withstanding his own warn- 
 ing, corrects Gibbon very 
 frequently (and very pro- 
 perly) ; and in Milman's 
 Index, w T e find this head- 
 ing : " Errors which occur 
 in the Decline and Fall, 
 detected by the Rev. H. H. 
 Milman, M. Guizot, and 
 M. Wenck." After which 
 follow three closely printed 
 columns of instances, many 
 of which are not errors at 
 all, some very doubtful, and 
 others so insignificant as not 
 to be worth naming. 
 
 Our blunderer has here 
 got himself into a terrible 
 slough, out of which his 
 geography would certainly 
 never extricate him. 
 
 We said that " Xeuophon 
 did not cross this river." Of 
 course we meant on the 
 Retreat, as is self-evident. 
 Layard's observations, as 
 quoted in our note, relate 
 to the Retreat of the ten 
 thousand, along the eastern 
 bank of the Tigris, while 
 the passage in Xenophon to 
 
10 
 
 ATHEIOSUM. 
 
 — not the more celebrated 
 river which flows into the 
 Caspian Sea." 
 
 EDITORS REPLY. 
 
 which the critic ingeniously 
 refers us relates to the 
 early operations, that is the 
 advance of Cyrus, long before 
 Xenophon had the command. 
 Had the reviewer consulted 
 Layard (the map as well as 
 the text), he would have 
 saved himself this flourish of 
 ignorance. We never assert- 
 ed that Xenophon did not 
 cross the A raxes, which does 
 run into the Caspian Sea, 
 but, as is well-known to 
 scholars, he erroneously calls 
 the Araxes the Phasis, and 
 we have designated it by its 
 right name. 
 
 The conduct of the army 
 on the advance was under 
 Cyrus, and Xenophon is 
 never even mentioned in it. 
 Xenophon, as we have stated 
 in our note (page 448), did 
 lead the Greeks across the 
 Khabur of Kurdistan, but he 
 makes no mention of it. He 
 is the only classical author 
 who commits the error of 
 calling the Khabur, the 
 Araxes. The Khabur is the 
 Kabor, or Chebar, of the 
 Bible ; the place of captivity 
 of the Israelites ; and is so 
 well-known that such a mis- 
 take would not mislead any 
 but persons utterly and to- 
 tally ignorant of the subject. 
 
 The critic then tells us 
 that the Araxes of Xeno- 
 phon was a river oe Syria, 
 a gross blunder which even 
 his 'Westminster boy,' with- 
 out ' recourse to a library,' 
 could have corrected. Xeno- 
 
11 
 
 ATIIENJIUM. EDITORS' REPLY. 
 
 plion used the term Syria 
 erroneously, as Ainswortli 
 has shown, hence the critic's 
 bewilderment. 
 
 Hide your diminished 
 heads, geographers and his- 
 torians ! and learn that the 
 retreat of the ten thousand 
 was through Syria ! 
 
 Having completed our exposure of the reviewer's 
 misrepresentations, calumnies, and puerilities, we pro- 
 ceed to consider how far his favoured pair are entitled to 
 the laudations he bestows. Although it may be invidious 
 to defend ourselves by proclaiming the short -comings 
 of our fellow-labourers, they have been unfairly pitted 
 against us by their own party, and we see no alternative. 
 Had the reviewer confined himself to a candid and 
 temperate examination of our edition we should have 
 welcomed his criticism, but he has shewn such a run- 
 a-muck partisanship, and such intimate acquaintance 
 with what could not then be knowm out of the ' charnel- 
 house/ that we feel justified in turning his own weapons 
 against him. 
 
 We begin, then, with Dean Milman's last revised 
 edition, which, immediately on the publication of ours 
 was advertised as ' unmutilated/ and f most carefully com- 
 pared and edited/ &c. 
 
 " Almost at the first page," to use the words of the 
 Athenseum, " our suspicion is excited. We notice 
 faults, we pencil careless readings. Ere many pages 
 are read, we lose all confidence in the editor; and 
 even a brief and hasty inspection convinces us that 
 the publisher's description of the book does not in any 
 way correspond with the reality. - " 
 
 Turning over ' hastily' the volume which happens 
 to lie before us (the second), w r e read — 
 
 At p, 2S5, note 5, that " Julian laboured to effect that holy 
 mark in the blood" (alluding to baptism). This 
 is placing Julian in a much better light than 
 anything Gibbon ever advanced in his favour. 
 
12 
 
 The proper reading is efface, as will be seen in 
 our edition. 
 At p. 536, we read " Instead of inviting the royal guests to 
 take the palace of Constantinople, &c," Gibbon 
 says nothing about taking it; probably the 
 printer was taking a dram, or the editor a nap*. 
 
 We see that we should have no trouble in hunting 
 up scores of such blunders, but we shall satisfy our- 
 selves with a few more examples, taken at random. 
 
 At p. 554-, note 116, we have a new reading in Claudian, 
 
 priorem for priori. 
 At p. 540, success of a for the civil war, which " alters the 
 
 meaning of the sentence ;" and on the same page 
 
 we have a second blunder, Ambros. Epist. XL. 
 
 p. 55 instead of 955. 
 At p. 479, note 75, some more bad Latin, pacem sibis esse, 
 
 for sibi. 
 At p. 470, instead of page ccl. (250) we find eel., which 
 
 makes the reference " quite unintelligible." 
 At p. 382, note 9, we read that Greg. Nazianzen and 
 
 Libanius expresses the living sentiments, &c, 
 
 instead of express. 
 At p. 397, note 53, two loyal brothers, for royal. 
 At p. 273, note 54, satisfied with, wealth, instead of satiated, 
 
 which "quite alters the sense of the passage." 
 At p. 231, we read. Arms for Armour, which greatly enfeebles 
 
 the whole passage. 
 At p. 220, the deputation returns from Alexander, which 
 
 makes the text unintelligible. Our edition reads, 
 
 with Gibbon, Alexandria. 
 At p. 168, note 82, M. de la Basfte is transformed into 
 
 Basft'eZ. 
 At p. 162, note 63, bad French, Sacrament for Sacrement. 
 At p. 160, note 54, more bad French, leur intrigues, for 
 
 At p. 155, note 37, " we make acquaintance with a new 
 author, one Zbzomen, who turns out however to 
 be our old friend /Sbzomen, in the venerable 
 Dean's disguise." 
 
 We just looked to the third volume to see whether 
 there was any improvement, but soon found that we 
 should have too fatiguing a harvest, and therefore cite 
 only the first two or three blunders which caught our eye. 
 
 At p. 203, we find Yalentinian made emperor of the East, 
 
13 
 
 which, as it occurs in the heading of the chapter, 
 introduces " a beautiful piece of confusion," &c. 
 Every schoolboy knows it should be West. 
 At p. Ill, we have two Latin blunders in one note: alvevolus 
 for alveolus and calculi for calculi. 
 
 In vol. IV., we will cite but one out of a host, and 
 that merely because it happens, curiously enough, to 
 occur in the word design, for which we have ourselves 
 been called to account. 
 
 At p. 98, we have, Ckosroes pursued his ambitious signs, 
 instead of designs, " which makes nonsense of 
 the passage." 
 
 But we shall not tire the reader with any more 
 examples from Dean Milman's edition, which, but for 
 the party-assault on ourselves, we should gladly have 
 left in repose. 
 
 Our business is now with the new edition, edited 
 by Dr. Smith. After all the parade and pretensious- 
 ness with which it has been heralded, we took it for 
 granted that the book would be a ne plus ultra of 
 accuracy; but we had occasion to change our opinion 
 at almost the very first page we happened to open. 
 
 TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS. 
 
 At page 112, we find filfilled, which we presume escaped 
 while the editor was fill-filling Burgundy or Champagne 
 with his publisher ; it should read fulfilled. 
 
 At another turn (p. 98), we find our deceased friend 
 Golly Knight, pronounced a Galley Knight, which is any- 
 thing but respectful. 
 
 We could without trouble give a handful of such 
 oversights but shall abstain. 
 
 While looking, however, for printers' " literals/' we 
 were struck by the meagreness of the additional notes, 
 and immediately compared a few pages with Dean 
 Milman's two previous editions ; for Smith's is a pro- 
 fessed revisal of Milman's. We immediately came to 
 the conclusion, that the first edition, in 12 vols. 8vo., 
 published at £5 8s. is preferable to the second, in 
 6 vols., published at ,£3 3s. ; and. that both are prefer- 
 able to the present abridged edition by Dr. Smith, now 
 publishing in 8 vols, at £3. 
 
 Some of the long notes are cut down to very short 
 
14 
 
 ones, some are entirely omitted, and others changed, 
 — not always for the better. Directing attention with 
 most interest to those notes signed S, expecting that 
 they would contain something new, we were surprised 
 to find them, in many instances, M our old friends 
 Guizot, Wenck, Milman, or Niebuhr, in the Doctor's 
 disguise. - " 
 
 We will now take a glance, without reference to the 
 respective signatures (as the new editor is responsible 
 for all that he adopts), at 
 
 THE QUALITY OF THE NOTES. 
 
 At p. 158, on Gibbon's slight mention of Bagusa, we have 
 a note informing us, that " the sea-coast of 
 Dalmatia, together with Bagusa, now forms part 
 of the Austrian dominions." Prodigious! Any 
 Westminster boy, with ' Pinnock's Catechism,' 
 or ' The Young Lady's Geography,' in hand, 
 could have told him that Venice and its depen- 
 dencies now belong to Austria. If the editor 
 had told us how long they will so belong, we 
 should perhaps have gained some useful informa- 
 tion. 
 
 Presently after (p. 163), we have another geographical note 
 of similar importance, which we give in extenso* 
 " Malta, it need scarcely be said, is now in the 
 possession of the English. We have not, how- 
 ever, thought it necessary to notice every change 
 in the political state of the world since the time 
 of Gibbon." How communicative, and yet 
 how forbearing ! 
 
 At p. 232, we have seventeen lines on the giraffe, in w r hich 
 we are told (as an illustration of lioman history!) 
 that " London probably now contains more 
 specimens of this animal than have been seen 
 in Europe since the fall of the Roman empire,' * 
 &c. This is introduced, we suppose, by way of 
 teaching classical students something of natural 
 science. 
 
 At p. 351, we have a note of twenty lines informing us, 
 that the Danube is constantly frozen over, and 
 that the Rhine, two years out of five, is in many 
 parts passable on the ice ; with some references 
 to the Thirty Tears' War, the severity of the 
 winter in 1794-5, and the Zuyder Zee. How 
 new and curious all this, and how instructive to 
 the student of Roman historv ! 
 
15 
 
 And here we must conclude. The candid reader will 
 not fail to perceive, that of our critic's aggression " all 
 that is true is trifling, all that is not trifling is untrue/*' 
 
 Having dissected and disposed of this abortion of 
 criticism, we may now be permitted to say something 
 of ourselves. In undertaking to edit Gibbon, our 
 engagement with the publisher was to omit nothing, 
 but to add in the shape of notes whatever might be 
 afforded by later researches in elucidation or correction 
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II ■-' 
 
 v 
 
 L2c/ 
 
EROTICA. 
 
 THE POEMS OE 
 
 CATULLUS AND TIBULLUS, 
 
 THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 A LITERAL PROSE TRANSLATION WITH NOTES, 
 
 BY 
 
 WALTER K. KELLY. 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED 
 
 THE METRICAL VERSIONS OF LAMB AND GRAINGER, 
 
 AND A SELECTION OF VERSIONS BY OTHER WRITERS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 MDCCCL1V. 
 

 <$:$* 
 
 Gift. 
 
 W. L. Shoemaker 
 1 S '06 
 
CONTENTS, 
 
 Biographical Introduction — Catullus 
 
 . 
 
 
 1 
 
 Tibullus 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 THE POEMS OF CATULLUS 
 
 
 
 
 PROSE. 
 
 VERSE. 
 
 1. Dedication .... 
 
 Page 9 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Page 169 
 
 2. To Lesbia's Sparrow 
 
 9 
 
 Elton 
 
 170 
 
 
 
 Lamb 
 
 170 
 
 3. On the death of Lesbia's Sparrow 
 
 11 
 
 Lamb 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 171 
 
 4. The praise of the Pinnace 
 
 11 
 
 Lamb 
 
 172 
 
 5. To Lesbia .... 
 
 12 
 
 Lamb 
 
 173 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 174 
 
 6. To Flavius 
 
 13 
 
 Lamb 
 
 174 
 
 7. To Lesbia .... 
 
 . 13 
 
 Lamb 
 
 175 
 
 
 
 Moore 
 
 176 
 
 8, To himself, on Lesbia's inconstancy 
 
 14 
 
 Lamb 
 
 176 
 
 
 
 Moore 
 
 177 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 178 
 
 9. To Verannius .... 
 
 . 14 
 
 Lamb 
 
 179 
 
 10. On Varus' mistress 
 
 15 
 
 Lamb 
 
 179 
 
 11. To Furius and Aurelius, the message 
 
 to Lesbia 16 
 
 Lamb 
 
 180 
 
 
 
 Moore 
 
 181 
 
 12. To Asinius, on his practical jokes . 
 
 17 
 
 Lamb 
 
 182 
 
 13. Inyitation to Fabullus 
 
 . 18 
 
 Lamb 
 
 182 
 
 14. To Licinius Calvus, in return for a 
 
 present 
 
 
 
 of poems 
 
 18 
 
 Lamb 
 
 183 
 
 15. To Aurelius .... 
 
 . 19 
 
 Nott 
 
 184 
 
 16. To Aurelius and Furius, a defence 
 
 of his 
 
 
 
 amatory poems 
 
 . 20 
 
 Lamb 
 
 185 
 
 17. To a town, on a stupid husband 
 
 21 
 
 Lamb 
 
 186 
 
 J8. To the garden god 
 
 . 22 
 
 Nott 
 
 187 
 
 19. The garden god .... 
 
 22 
 
 Lamb 
 
 187 
 
 20. The garden god 
 
 . 23 
 
 Lamb 
 
 188 
 
 21 . To Aurelius ..... 
 
 23 
 
 Nott 
 
 189 
 
 22. To Varus, on Suffenus 
 
 24 
 
 Lamb 
 
 189 
 
 
 
 Anon. 
 
 190 
 
CONTENTS. CATULLUS. 
 
 
 
 PROSE 
 
 
 VERSE. 
 
 23. 
 
 To Furius, congratulations on poverty 
 
 Page 25 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Page 191 
 192 
 
 24. 
 
 To Juventius 
 
 . 25 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 193 
 193 
 
 25. 
 
 To Thallus 
 
 26 
 
 Nott 
 
 194 
 
 26. 
 
 To Furius, on his villa 
 
 . 26 
 
 Lamb 
 
 194 
 
 27. 
 
 To his cupbearer .... 
 
 26 
 
 Lamb 
 
 194 
 
 28. 
 
 To Verannius and Fabullus 
 
 . 27 
 
 Lamb 
 
 195 
 
 29. 
 
 To Caesar on Mamurra 
 
 28 
 
 Lamb 
 
 196 
 
 30. 
 
 To Alphenus 
 
 . 29 
 
 Lamb 
 
 197 
 
 31. 
 
 To the Peninsula of Sirmio . 
 
 29 
 
 Lamb 
 Elton 
 Moore 
 
 197 
 198 
 198 
 
 
 
 
 Leigh Hunt 199 
 
 32. 
 
 To Hypsithilla .... 
 
 30 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Anon. 
 
 200 
 200 
 
 33. 
 
 On the Vibennii .... 
 
 . 31 
 
 Nott 
 
 201 
 
 34. 
 
 Hymn to Diana .... 
 
 31 
 
 Lamb 
 
 201 
 
 35. 
 
 Invitation to Caecilius 
 
 . 32 
 
 Lamb 
 
 202 
 
 36. 
 
 On the Annals of Volusius 
 
 32 
 
 Lamb 
 
 202 
 
 37. 
 
 To Cornificius 
 
 . 33 
 
 Lamb 
 
 203 
 
 
 
 
 Leigh Hunt 204 
 
 38. 
 
 To the frequenters of a certain tavern 
 
 . 33 
 
 Nott 
 
 204 
 
 39. 
 
 On Egnatius 
 
 34 
 
 Nott 
 
 205 
 
 40. 
 
 To Ravidus 
 
 . 35 
 
 Lamb 
 
 206 
 
 41. 
 
 On Mamurra's mistress 
 
 35 
 
 Lamb 
 
 206 
 
 42. 
 
 On a harlot, who detained his tablets' . 
 
 . 36 
 
 Lamb 
 
 206 
 
 43. 
 
 To the mistress of Formianus 
 
 36 
 
 Lamb 
 
 207 
 
 44. 
 
 To his farm 
 
 . 37 
 
 Lamb 
 
 208 
 
 45. 
 
 Acme and Septimius 
 
 37 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Elton 
 
 208 
 210 
 
 
 
 
 Leigh Hunt 211 
 
 46. 
 
 Farewell to Bithynia 
 
 . 38 
 
 Lamb 
 Peter 
 
 211 
 212 
 
 47. 
 
 To Porcius and Socration 
 
 39 
 
 Lamb 
 
 212 
 
 48. 
 
 To his Love ..... 
 
 . 39 
 
 Lamb 
 
 213 
 
 49. 
 
 To Marcus Tullius Cicero 
 
 39 
 
 Lamb 
 
 213 
 
 50. 
 
 To Licinius . . . • . 
 
 . 39 
 
 Lamb 
 
 213 
 
 51. 
 
 To Lesbia (Sappho's Ode translated) 
 
 40 
 
 Phillips 
 Elton 
 
 214 
 215 
 
 52. 
 
 To himself, on the times 
 
 . 41 
 
 Lamb 
 
 215 
 
 53. 
 
 On Calvus 
 
 41 
 
 Lamb 
 
 215 
 
 54. 
 
 To Caesar, on his companions 
 
 . 42 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 216 
 216 
 
 55. 
 
 To Camerius 
 
 42 
 
 Lamb 
 
 216 
 
 56. 
 
 To Cato 
 
 . 43 
 
 Nott ' 
 
 217 
 
 57. 
 
 On Mamurra and Caesar 
 
 44 
 
 Nott 
 
 218 
 
 58. 
 
 To Cselius, on Lesbia's infamy . 
 
 . 44 
 
 Lamb 
 
 218 
 
 59. 
 
 On Rufa 
 
 45 
 
 Nott 
 
 218 
 
 60. 
 
 Fragment 
 
 . 45 
 
 Nott 
 
 219 
 
CONTENTS. CATULLUS. 
 
 PROSE. 
 
 61. Epithalamium, ou the marriage of Manlius 
 
 and Julia Page 45 
 
 62. Nuptial song 51 
 
 63. Atys 
 
 64. 
 
 65. 
 66. 
 
 67. 
 68. 
 69. 
 70. 
 71. 
 72. 
 
 73. 
 74. 
 
 75. 
 
 76. 
 77. 
 78. 
 79. 
 80. 
 81. 
 
 82. 
 83. 
 84. 
 
 85. 
 
 The marriage of Peleus and Thetis 
 Episode of Ariadne, from the same 
 To H or talus . 
 Berenice's Hair 
 
 On a wanton's door 
 Epistle to Manlius 
 To Rufus 
 
 On the inconstancy 
 To Verro 
 To Lesbia 
 
 of 
 
 On an ingrate 
 On Gellius 
 To Lesbia 
 
 To himself 
 To Rufus 
 To Gallus 
 On Gellius 
 On Gellius 
 To Juventius 
 
 To Quintius 
 
 On Lesbia's husband 
 
 On Arrius 
 
 On his love . 
 
 86. On Quintia and Lesbia 
 
 87. (Incorporated with 75.) 
 
 88. Against Gellius 
 
 89. On Gellius . 
 
 90. On Gellius 
 
 91. On Gellius . 
 92 On Lesbia's abuse of him 
 
 93. On Caesar 
 
 94. On Mentula 
 
 95. On the " Smyrna " of the poet Cinna 
 
 96. To Calvus, on the death of Quintilia 
 
 On iEmilius 
 To Yettius 
 
 55 
 
 58 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 87 
 87 
 
 VERSE. 
 
 Lamb Page 219 
 Lamb 226 
 
 Elton 230 
 
 Lamb 232 
 
 Leigh Hunt 235 
 
 89 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 91 
 
 91 
 91 
 91 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 92 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 94 \ 
 
 94) 
 
 94 
 
 95 
 
 95 
 95 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Elton 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Tytler 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Moore 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Moore 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Elton 
 
 Nott 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 Lamb 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Anon. 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Elton 
 
 Nott 
 
 Lamb 
 
 238 
 251 
 259 
 
 260 
 263 
 267 
 268 
 274 
 274 
 274 
 274 
 275 
 275 
 276 
 276 
 276 
 277 
 277 
 278 
 278 
 279 
 279 
 279 
 280 
 280 
 280 
 281 
 281 
 281 
 282 
 
 282 
 282 
 
 283 
 
 283 
 
 283 
 
 284 
 284 
 284 
 285 
 285 
 286 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. TIBULLUS. 
 
 99. To Ms love 
 
 100. On Caelius and Quintius 
 
 101. The rites at his brother's tomb 
 
 102. To Cornelius .... 
 
 103. To Silo 
 
 104. To some one who spread rumours concern- 
 
 ing himself and Lesbia 
 
 105. On Mentula .... 
 
 106. On a boy and a public crier . 
 
 107. To Lesbia, the reconciliation 
 
 108. To Cominius 
 
 109. To Lesbia, on her vow of constancy 
 
 110. To Aufilena .... 
 
 111. To Aufilena 
 
 112. OnNaso 
 
 113. To Cinna, on the growth of adultery 
 
 114. To Mentula, on his estate 
 
 115. On Mentula 
 
 116. To Gellius 
 
 The Vigil of Venus 
 
 PROSE. VERSE. 
 
 Page 95 
 
 Lamb Page 286 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 . 96 
 
 Lamb 
 
 287 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 287 
 
 
 Hodgson 
 
 287 
 
 . 97 
 
 Lamb 
 
 288 
 
 97 
 
 Lamb 
 
 288 
 
 97 
 
 Lamb 
 
 288 
 
 . 97 
 
 Nott 
 
 289 
 
 97 
 
 Nott 
 
 289 
 
 . 97 
 
 Lamb 
 
 289 
 
 98 
 
 Lamb 
 
 290 
 
 . 98 
 
 Lamb 
 
 290 
 
 
 Hodgson 
 
 290 
 
 . 98 
 
 Lamb 
 
 290 
 
 98 
 
 Nott 
 
 291 
 
 . 98 
 
 Nott 
 
 291 
 
 99 
 
 Lamb 
 
 291 
 
 . 99 
 
 Lamb 
 
 291 
 
 99 
 
 Nott 
 
 292 
 
 . 99 
 
 Lamb 
 
 292 
 
 100 
 
 Parnell 
 
 293 
 
 
 Stanley 
 
 297 
 
 THE ELEGIES OF TIBULLUS. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 i. 
 
 The pleasures of a country life . 
 
 . 105 
 
 Grainger 
 
 Otway 
 
 Elton 
 
 303 
 306 
 310 
 
 
 Part of the same . 
 
 
 Hodgson 
 
 313 
 
 2. 
 
 To Delia 
 
 110 
 
 Grainger 
 Hodgson 
 Hammond 
 
 313 
 315 
 317 
 
 3. 
 
 Written in sickness and absence 
 
 112 
 
 Grainger 
 
 318 
 
 
 Part of the same 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 321 
 
 1. 
 
 Priapus on the art of love 
 
 115 
 
 Grainger 
 
 323 
 
 5. 
 
 The boast recanted . 
 
 . 118 
 
 Grainger 
 
 326 
 
CONTENTS. TIBULLUS. 
 
 
 Vll 
 
 
 PROSE. VERSE. 
 
 6. Love slighted for wealth . 
 
 Page 120 
 
 Grainger 
 
 P. 327 
 
 7. Delia's infidelity 
 
 . 121 
 
 Grainger 
 
 329 
 
 8. Messala's birthday .... 
 
 124 
 
 Grainger 
 
 331 
 
 9. Marathus and Pholoe .... 
 
 . 127 
 
 Grainger 
 
 334 
 
 10. Venal inconstancy .... 
 
 129 
 
 Grainger 
 
 336 
 
 11. The excellence of peace 
 
 . 131 
 
 Grainger 
 
 339 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 
 
 
 1. The Ambarvalia . ... 
 
 133 
 
 Grainger 
 
 341 
 
 2. The birth-day of Cerinthus . 
 
 . 136 
 
 Grainger 
 
 344 
 
 3. Nemesis gone to the country 
 
 137 
 
 Grainger 
 
 345 
 
 4. Slavery in love 
 
 . 139 
 
 Grainger 
 
 346 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 348 
 
 5. The Sibylline Books .... 
 
 . 141 
 
 Grainger 
 
 350 
 
 6. The cupidity of Nemesis . 
 
 145 
 
 Grainger 
 
 354 
 
 Part of the same 
 
 
 Hammonc 
 
 355 
 
 7. Appeal to Nemesis .... 
 
 147 
 
 Grainger 
 
 356 
 
 
 
 Otway 
 
 357 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 
 
 
 1. Dedication 
 
 . 148 
 
 Grainger 
 
 359 
 
 2. Forebodings of death 
 
 149 
 
 Grainger 
 
 360 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 362 
 
 3. The lover's contempt of wealth 
 
 150 
 
 Grainger 
 
 363 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 364 
 
 4. The dream of Tibullus . 
 
 151 
 
 Grainger 
 
 365 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 368 
 
 5. Written in sickness 
 
 153 
 
 Grainger 
 
 370 
 
 6. The strife between wine and love 
 
 . 155 
 
 Grainger 
 
 371 
 
 Part of the same .... 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 374 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 
 
 
 1 . Panegyric to Messala .... 
 
 
 Dart 
 
 375 
 
 2. Eulogy of Sulpicia .... 
 
 162 
 
 Grainger 
 
 382 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 383 
 
 3. Sulpicia on her lover's going to the chase 
 
 163 
 
 Grainger 
 
 384 
 
 
 
 Otway 
 
 385 
 
 
 
 Elton 
 
 386 
 
 4. On Sulpicia's illness .... 
 
 . 164 
 
 Grainger 
 
 386 
 
 5. Sulpicia on her lover's birth-day 
 
 164 
 
 Grainger 
 
 387 
 
 6. To Sulpicia's Juno .... 
 
 . 165 
 
 Grainger 
 
 388 
 
 7. Sulpicia to Venus, an avowal . 
 
 165 
 
 Grainger 
 
 389 
 
 8. Sulpicia to Messala .... 
 
 . 166 
 
 Grainger 
 
 389 
 
 9. Sulpicia to Cerinthus 
 
 166 
 
 Grainger 
 
 390 
 
Vlll 
 
 CONTENTS. T1BULLUS. 
 
 10. Sulpicia to Cerinthus . 
 
 11. Sulpicia to Cerinthus 
 
 12. Sulpicia to Cerinthus . 
 
 13. Tibullus to his mistress 
 
 PROSE. 
 
 ye 166 
 166 
 167 
 167 
 
 Grainger P. 
 
 Grainger 
 
 Grainger 
 
 Grainger 
 
 Moore 
 
 Hammond 
 
 Grainger 
 
 14. On importunate Rumour . . . i 168 
 
 15. Epigram by Domitius Marsus, on the death of 
 
 Tibullus 168 Grainger 
 
 VERSE. 
 390 
 390 
 391 
 391 
 392 
 393 
 394 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 A meagre array of facts more or less controverted, and a few critical 
 remarks, are all we can offer towards a biography of Valerius Catullus. 
 We learn from the testimony of many ancient writers, that he was a na- 
 tive of Verona or its immediate neighbourhood ; and the Marquis Scipio 
 Maffei, himself a Veronese, asserts that in his day there were still traits 
 of the language of Catullus in the dialect of his countrymen. Whether 
 the poet's pramomen was Caius or Quintus is uncertain, the former being 
 assigned to him by Apuleius, the latter by Pliny. A more important ques- 
 tion is that which concerns the dates of his birth and death. According 
 to Hieronymus, in the Eusebian chronicle, he was born b. c. 87, and died 
 in his thirtieth year, b. c. 57. The second date is undoubtedly erroneous, 
 for we have positive evidence from his own works that he was alive in the 
 consulship of Vatinius, b. c. 47. It is evident too that he must have sur- 
 vived at least till b. c. 45, for Cicero, in his Letters, talks of the verses of 
 Catullus against Csesar and Mamurra (xxix.) as newly written, and first 
 seen by Caesar in that year. The chronologer's mistake as to the time 
 of the poet's death, throws some doubt also on that which he assigns to 
 his birth. We shall however be exact enough for all literary purposes, if 
 we conclude with Dunlop that Catullus " was nearly contemporary with 
 Lucretius, having come into the world a few years after him, and having 
 survived him but a short period." 
 
 It is not certain that the poet belonged to the patrician family of the 
 Valerii, but his father must have been a person of some consideration, for 
 he was the friend and habitual entertainer of Julius Caesar. The son took 
 up his abode in Rome in the very spring of youth (lxviii. 15) and plunged 
 without restraint into all the expensive pleasures of the best — that is to 
 say, the most debauched — society. This is sufficient to account for the 
 jocular complaints of poverty interspersed through his writings. It is 
 easy to conceive that one whose only business was to enjoy life in an age 
 and in a city of unbounded luxury, and who was a liberal purchaser of 
 such commodities as were dealt in by the worthy Silo (ciii.), should have 
 been often " hard up " for cash ; and that he should have had occasion for 
 frequent intercourse with lawyers and orators, such as Alphenus Varus, 
 
2 BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Licinius Calvus, and M. Tullius Cicero. Yet his fortune was by no means 
 small, for he possessed a noble villa on the beautiful promontory of Sir- 
 mio, another near Tibur, and he made a voyage from the Pontus in his 
 own yacht. To improve his pecuniary circumstances, he adopted the 
 usual Roman expedient for quickly filling a lank purse, and accompanied 
 Caius Memmius, the celebrated patron of Lucretius, to Bithynia, when 
 he was appointed Praetor of that province. But it is plain from his direct 
 testimony, as well as from the bitterness of his invectives against his chief, 
 that he derived little profit from that expedition. 
 
 Catullus repeatedly deplores with every mark of heartfelt grief the loss 
 of a brother who died in the Troad. This event is generally supposed to 
 have happened whilst the poet was in Bithynia ; but, as Professor Ramsay 
 has well remarked, " any evidence we possess leads to a different conclu- 
 sion. When railing against the evil fortune which attended the journey 
 to the East, he makes no allusion to any such misfortune as this ; we 
 find no notice of the event in the pieces written immediately before quit- 
 ting Asia and immediately after his return to Italy ; nor does the language 
 of those passages in which he gives vent to his sorrow, in any way con- 
 firm the conjecture." 
 
 Gifted with a fine person, a vigorous constitution, and rare genius, Ca- 
 tullus was meant by nature for better things : it was the curse of his times 
 that made him an idler and a voluptuary : 
 
 O blame not the bard if he fly to the bowers 
 Where Pleasure sits carelessly smiling at Fame ; 
 He was born for much more, and in happier hours 
 His soul might have glowed with a holier flame. 
 
 That he was not indifferent to public wrongs is proved by the vehe- 
 mence with which he assailed Caesar in the plenitude of his power. A 
 man of fine sensibility and delicate fancy, he was no less remarkable 
 for the strength and depth of his feelings. Regarded as indications of 
 character, his poems to Lesbia are unique in Roman literature for the 
 intensity and self-oblivion of the passion they portray. Some of them 
 breathe the delicious frenzy of desire ; or the sweet sadness that ever 
 mingles with the best of joy, and is so like it that we scarce know 
 whether to call it pain or pleasure ; the rest are heavy with the grief for 
 which there is no cure, the anguish of a heart that dotes, yet more than 
 doubts ; that cannot cease to love what it loathes and scorns. 
 
 Clodia, as we learn from Apuleius, was the real namcbf Lesbia, " but 
 this bare fact " — we again quote Ramsay — " by no means entitles us to 
 jump to the conclusion at which many have arrived, that she was the 
 sister of the celebrated Clodius slain by Milo. Indeed the presumption 
 is strong against such an inference. The tribute of high-flown praise paid 
 to Cicero would have been but a bad recommendation to the favour of 
 one whom the orator makes the subject of scurrilous jests, and who is 
 said to have cherished against him all the vindictive animosity of a woman 
 first slighted, and then openly insulted." Of other women with whom 
 he may have amused himself, Catullus names only Hypsithilla and Aufi- 
 lina, ladies of Verona ; but the language in which he writes of them de- 
 notes an intercourse in which the senses were vividly interested, the affec- 
 tions not at all. Some of his poems are hideous from the traces of a 
 
CATULLUS. 3 
 
 turpitude to which we cannot without a painful effort make even a passing 
 allusion. But so are portions of almost every Roman poet ; and amidst 
 our natural disgust at these abominations, and at the filthy ribaldry of 
 many of the short pieces of Catullus, it is right to remember that these 
 things were the vices of the age rather than of the individual. " The 
 filth of Catullus seldom springs from a prurient imagination revelling in 
 voluptuous images ; it rather proceeds from habitual impurity of expres- 
 sion, and probably gives a fair representation of the manners and con- 
 versation of the gay society of Rome at that period." 
 
 In the contents of a very small book, Catullus has given proof of ex- 
 traordinary versatility, and consummate skill in the most dissimilar 
 moods of his art. His compass is a wide one, and he is master of all 
 within it. His peculiar characteristics are neatness, racy simplicity, 
 graceful turns of thought, and exquisite happiness of expression. In 
 these qualities he has never been surpassed ; and they are apparent 
 alike in his most playful trifles, and when he ascends to the mountain- 
 heights of passion and imagination. Of him it may be affirmed with ab- 
 solute truth, that he adorned all he touched ; hence the appropriateness 
 of the epithet doctits which was bestowed upon him by his poetic brethren, 
 not, as many have supposed, because of his proficiency in Greek liter- 
 ature, but because of his mastery in the art he professed. Doctus does 
 not always mean book-learned ; it is often used to signify skill in any art 
 — as in "that of archery for instance, when Tibullus calls Cupid's hands 
 doctas, after they had learned the use of the bow. Doctus means " taught," 
 and as one who is well taught is accomplished in his speciality, the epithet 
 came naturally to bear that secondary signification. That the English 
 epithet "learned" is restricted to one particular kind of proficiency, 
 is merely the result of arbitrary custom. The wider import of the Latin 
 word is better expressed in such obsolete phrases as " cunning of fence," 
 " cunning in music, in mathematics," &c. In this sense Horace applies 
 it to the great actor Roscius ; and in this sense it was applied by courtesy 
 to poets in general, and distinctively and emphatically to Catullus. 
 
 Horace unjustly assumes to himself (Epist. 19, lib. i.) the credit of 
 having been the first to enrich the literature of his country with imi- 
 tations of the Greek lyric poets ; Catullus had preceded him in that field, 
 and with the more essential advantage which genius possesses over talent. 
 " Catullus," says Dunlop, " translated many of the shorter and more 
 delicate pieces of the Greeks ; an attempt which hitherto had been thought 
 impossible, though the broad humour of their comedies, the vehement 
 pathos of their tragedies, and the romantic interest of the Odyssey, had 
 stood the transformation. His stay in Bithynia, though little advantageous 
 to his fortune, rendered him better acquainted than he might otherwise 
 have been with the productions of Greece ; and he was therefore in a 
 great degree indebted to this expedition (on which he always appears to 
 have looked back with mortification and disappointment) for those felici- 
 tous turns of expression, that grace, simplicity, and purity, which are the 
 characteristics of his poems, and of which hitherto Greece alone had af- 
 forded models. Indeed in all his verses, whether elegiac or heroic, we 
 perceive his imitation of the Greeks, and it must be admitted that he has 
 drawn from them his choicest stores. His Hellenisms are frequent ; his 
 images, similes, metaphors, and addresses to himself, are all Greek ; and 
 
 b 2 
 
4 BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 even in the versification of his odes we see visible traces of their origin. 
 Nevertheless he was the inventor of a new species of Latin poetry ; and 
 as he was the first who used such variety of measures, and perhaps in- 
 vented some that were new, he was amply entitled to call the poetical 
 volume which he presented to Cornelius Nepos Lepidum Novum Libellum. 
 The beautiful expressions, too, and idioms of the Greek language, which 
 he has so carefully selected, are woven with such art into the texture of 
 his composition, and so aptly figure the impassioned ideas of his amorous 
 muse, that they have all the fresh and untarnished hues of originality." 
 It is certain that some, and probable that many, of the poems of Catul- 
 lus have perished. Pliny makes mention of verses upon love-charms of 
 which no trace remains, and Terentianus Maurus mentions some Tthy- 
 p /tallica . The scholiasts Servius and Nonius refer to passages which are 
 not to be found in the existing collection of the works of Catullus. On 
 the other hand, the Ciris and the Pervigilium Veneris have been errone- 
 ously ascribed to him. We should have lost him wholly but for the for- 
 tuitous discovery of a single manuscript in bad condition, which was found 
 in France in the year 1425. From this source were derived all the MSS. 
 on which the old editions were founded, and hence, as might be expected, 
 the text is very corrupt, and presents a greater number of various and 
 contradictory readings than that of almost any other classic. It is cer- 
 tain too that it has been repeatedly interpolated. 
 
 The present prose translation of Catullus, the first, we believe, that has 
 appeared in English, has been framed upon the principle of adhering as 
 closely to the letter of the original as is consistent with the genius of the 
 respective languages. For a faithful rendering of the letter, prose is the 
 best medium ; but there its powers end ; for all beyond we must have< 
 recourse to verse. The poetical versions that follow have been carefully 
 selected from many writers, and comprise all the best specimens of their 
 kind that have yet been published. 
 
 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Albius Tibullus (his praenomen is unknown) was a Roman knight, 
 contemporary with Horace and Virgil. The date of his birth is uncertain, 
 but must be placed somewhere about b. c. 59, the year in which Livy 
 came into the world. A spurious distich in the fifth Elegy of book iii. 
 was long accepted as proof that Tibullus was born in the same year as 
 Ovid, who, on the contrary, invariably speaks of him as a more ancient 
 writer and an older man than himself, and particularly in a passage of the 
 Tristia, (IV. x.,) in which he fixes the order of succession of the Elegiac 
 poets : — 
 
 Virgil I but beheld ; and greedy fate 
 
 Denied Tibullus' friendship, wish'd too late : 
 
 He followed Gallus, next Propertius came ; 
 
 The last was I, the fourth successive name. Elton. 
 
TIBULLUS. 5 
 
 It appears from an epigram of Domitius Marsus, another contemporary 
 of Tibullus, that he died soon after Virgil, that is to say, in or about b. c. 
 19, "while he was yet in the prime of life, or, as the epigram says, while he 
 was still juvenis, for by that term the Romans meant one who had not 
 passed his forty -sixth year. 
 
 Te quoque, Virgilio comitem, non a?qua, Tibulle, 
 
 Mors juvenem campos misit ad Elysios : 
 Ne foret, aut elegis molles qui fleret amores, 
 Aut caneret forti regia bella pede. 
 
 Thee, young Tibullus, to th' Elysian plain 
 
 Death bade accompany great Maro's shade ; 
 Determined that no poet should remain, 
 
 Or to sing wars, or weep the cruel maid. Grainger. 
 
 Tibullus was descended from an ancient and wealthy equestrian family ; 
 but we learn from himself that he possessed only a small portion of the 
 estates of his forefathers. The cause of this decline of fortune has been 
 warmly debated among the learned ; some alleging, rightly, as it seems to 
 us, that we need not look further for it than to the confiscations of the tri- 
 umviri, in which so many Italian estates were involved ; others, that he was 
 ruined by his own extravagance. The father of Tibullus had been en- 
 gaged on the side of Pompey in the civil wars, and died soon after Caesar 
 had finally triumphed over the liberties of Rome. It is not to be doubted 
 that the patrimony of the son should have been involved in the subsequent 
 partition of the lands of Italy ; and though he saved something from the 
 wreck, probably through the interest of his patron, Messala, we do not 
 find in his Elegies a single expression of gratitude or compliment from 
 which it might be conjectured that Augustus had atoned to him for the 
 wrongs done by Octavius. It is certainly remarkable, in reference to this 
 question, and it raises our respect for the man, that the name of Augustus, 
 celebrated with such persevering and fulsome adulation by the other great 
 poets of the day, is nowhere to be found in the writings of Tibullus. The 
 notion that he wasted his large fortune in dissipation is little more than a 
 gratuitous assumption, the only evidence offered in support of it being a 
 poetical hyperbole. In the fourth Elegy of the second book he declares 
 himself ready to sacrifice all that was left of his hereditary possessions to 
 gratify the demands of his covetous mistress : whence some would have 
 us infer, that the man who could deliberately talk thus, in a good hex- 
 ameter and pentameter distich, must certainly have made ducks and drakes 
 of his property. We rather think that the general tenour of his writings, 
 as well as the direct testimony of his friend Horace, leads to the opposite 
 conclusion. That discreet Epicurean would not have complimented a 
 reckless spendthrift on his knowledge of the art of enjoyment. 
 
 Tibullus acquired at an early period the friendship of his great patron, 
 Messala, and retained it to the end of his life. He declined that com- 
 mander's invitation to accompany him in the naval war which was des- 
 tined to close with the decisive battle of Actium, doubtless because he 
 remained stedfast in his attachment to the cause for which his father had 
 suffered. Immediately after that victory, Messala was detached by Caesar 
 to suppress a formidable insurrection which had broken out in Aquitaine ; 
 and Tibullus accompanied him in the honourable post of contubernalis, 
 
6 BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 corresponding nearly to that of aid-de-camp. Part of the glory of the 
 Aquitanian campaign, for which Messala, four years later, obtained a tri- 
 umph, and which Tibullus celebrates in language of unwonted loftiness, 
 redounds, according to the poet, to his own fame (book I. vii. 9 — 11). 
 In the following year, (b. c. 30,) Messala was sent to Asia, and again 
 Tibullus went with him, but was taken ill and obliged to remain in Cor- 
 cyra, an incident which forms the theme of another beautiful poem 
 (book I. iii.). 
 
 After his recovery he seems to have returned home, and to have spent 
 the rest of his days, excepting occasional visits to the capital, at his coun- 
 try seat near Pedum, a small town of Latium on the skirts of the Apen- 
 nines, between Praeneste and Tibur. That he lived there in the enjoy- 
 ment of a liberal competence is clear enough, and also that when he speaks 
 of his poverty, that term is only to be understood by contrast with the 
 overgrown fortunes of many of his noble countrymen. This is apparent 
 from many of his own expressions (e. g. book I. i. 5) ; as a Roman knight 
 he must have been worth upwards of three thousand pounds ; and Horace 
 even speaks of him as wealthy. According to him, Tibullus possessed all 
 the blessings of life : he was beautiful in person (Horace on this point 
 confirms the strong language of the old biographers) ; he had a competent 
 fortune, favour with the great, fame, health ; and knew how to enjoy all 
 those blessings. Epist. iv. book i. 
 
 Albius ! the candid critic of my strains, 
 
 What shall I say thou dost on Pedum's plains ? 
 
 Say, dost thou verses write that shall outvie 
 
 Cassius of Parma's darling poesy ? . 
 
 Dost thou steal silent through some healthful wood, 
 
 And muse thoughts worthy of the wise arid good ? 
 
 Thou wert not born a body void of mind ; 
 
 Yet heaven to thee a graceful form assigned. 
 
 Heaven gave thee riches, and it gave thee more, 
 
 The art to use and to enjoy thy store. 
 
 What beyond this could some fond nurse devise 
 
 To bless her foster-son ? whose thoughts are wise, 
 
 And graced with fluent speech ; whom favours crown 
 
 From the high great, and, from his muse, renown ; 
 
 Abundant health ; a style of life and board 
 
 Genteel with decency, and purse well stored. Elton. 
 
 Notwithstanding all his personal and mental graces, and his singularly 
 amiable disposition, Tibullus was not happy in love. The object of that 
 attachment, which we have Ovid's authority for considering as his first, is 
 celebrated under the poetic name of Delia, a Greek equivalent for her real 
 name, which Apuleius tells us was Plania. It is evident (see book I. vi.) 
 that she was not of gentle blood (not ingenua, but libertince conditionis). 
 She belonged, says Milman, " to that class of females of the middle order, 
 not of good family, but above poverty, which answered to the Greek 
 hetairai." Tibullus became attached to her before his expedition to 
 Aquitaine, and thought of retiring to the country with her as his mistress. 
 But Delia was faithless during his absence. On his return from Corcyra 
 he found her ill, and attended her with affectionate solicitude, again hoping 
 
TIBULLUS. 7 
 
 to realize his favourite project. But first a richer rival supplanted him ; 
 next there appears a husband in the way ; and after the seventh Elegy of 
 the first book we hear no more of Delia. His last love was the mercen- 
 ary Nemesis, to whom the second book and the last two years of the 
 poet's life were devoted, apparently without any return. The third book 
 — -if this indeed is the composition of Tibullus — is chiefly occupied Avith 
 his unfortunate passion for Neasra. Her, it would appear, he wished to 
 marry, he had indeed been actually betrothed to her, but she forsook 
 him on the eve of the nuptials. Lastly, there was Glycera, who gave him 
 great pain by forsaking him for a younger man, and whom we have no 
 reason for confounding with any of the other three, though she is not 
 known to us from his own writings, but only from the Ode in which 
 Horace attempts to console him for her inconstancy. 
 
 Tibullus belongs eminently to that class of poets whose works reflect 
 the form and colour of their own history. His lot fell upon the evil days 
 of his country, in which the remnant of its virtues perished with its rights. 
 A long series of civil wars and proscriptions had produced that general 
 dissoluteness of manners which invariably attends uncertainty of life and 
 property; Eastern conquests had filled Rome with the accumulated wealth, 
 and polluted her with the vices, of enslaved nations. Had her freedom 
 survived, the old Roman spirit might yet have rallied ; but the one died 
 out when the other was crushed under the despotism of Augustus. The 
 empire grew in might and majesty ; but its men and women became daily 
 viler ; and the refinement gamed by imitation of foreign examples, though 
 in itself a good thing, was a poor exchange for the honour and honesty of 
 the rough old republican days ; for the racy freshness of home-grown 
 habits, thoughts, feelings, and affections ; for every native grace of life, 
 lost for ever. Imagine a man like Tibullus cast upon such times as those, 
 — a man of instinctive elegance of mind, of extreme sensibility and warm 
 affections, more given to contemplation than to action, — and you may go 
 near to anticipate much of the general tone of those effusions in which 
 his inward nature spontaneously reveals itself. Add to this, that he was 
 unhappy in love — how could he have been otherwise ? — less prosperous in 
 fortune than in early youth he had reason to expect, a member of a de- 
 feated party, and faithful to the memory of a ruined cause ; and we shall 
 more clearly discern the sources of that tender melancholy which is his 
 habitual mood, and of those changeful and often impulsive emotions that 
 break its even flow, but always subside into it and leave it as before. Ill 
 at ease among the realities of the life that surrounded him, he flew to na- 
 ture, the perpetual nurse of wounded spirits, and animating his solitude 
 with the traditions of the past, he lived hi an ideal world. A relish for 
 the delights of the country was a national characteristic of the Romans ; . 
 in him it had the force of a passion. Hence all those exquisite pictures 
 of rural scenes and habits, which so strongly impress us with the idea of 
 the poet's kindly nature. 
 
 The Latin elegy, like the Greek epigram or inscription, had a latitude 
 beyond its title. Practically the name implies nothing more definite than 
 a poem not exceeding a certain length, and written in alternate hexa- 
 meter and pentameter lines. Of that species which turns on love, Tibul- 
 lus is confessedly the master. He is also the most original Latin poet of 
 the Augustan age, by which we do not mean that he is distinguished for 
 
8 BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 extraordinary powers of invention, but that he owed nothing to Greek 
 models. His subjects, method, diction, and tone, are all his own. His 
 thoughts are natural ; he abounds with delicate strokes of sentiment and 
 expression ; his language is pure from conceit, and his style, though highly 
 finished, has a perfectly easy and flowing simplicity. His range, however, 
 as may be supposed from what we have already said, is not a wide one ; 
 and it must be admitted that he recurs to one set of themes and imagery 
 with something of a monotonous frequency. But this defect belongs only 
 to his elegies taken collectively. Separately considered, each piece is re- 
 markable for the copious variety of its thoughts and images, as well as for 
 the subtlety of the links by which it is made to cohere in the smoothest 
 and most unconstrained manner. 
 
 The poems which bear the name of Tibullus are comprised in four books. 
 The authenticity of the first two has never been questioned ; but a con- 
 troversy was raised by I. H. Voss, towards the close of the last century, 
 respecting the authorship of the third book, which is addressed to Nesera, 
 nominally by one Lygdamus. Who was he ? According to the common 
 opinion, he was either a fictitious personage, or, much more probably, Ti- 
 bullus himself under an assumed name. Voss however contended that 
 Lygdamus, or whoever wrote under that name, was not Tibullus, but an- 
 other and very inferior poet. This opinion found some adherents in Ger- 
 many ; but Milman, so far as we are aware, is the only scholar of note by 
 whom it has been adopted in this country. 1 Bach, who at one time in- 
 clined to the Vossian theory, has pronounced what we think a sounder 
 critical opinion in his edition of 1819. He says it appears that Tibullus 
 addressed the book in question to Neaera when he was very young, and 
 that this circumstance sufficiently explains the faults here and there ob- 
 servable in a work which bears strong marks of resemblance to the manner 
 of Tibullus, and is on the whole not unworthy of his genius. As for the 
 fourth book, we see no reason to dissent from the judgment pronounced 
 upon it by Milman, in common with many of the best critics. " The hex- 
 ameter poem on Messala," he says, " which opens the fourth book, is so 
 bad, that although a successful Elegiac poet may have failed when he at- 
 tempted Epic verse, it cannot well be ascribed to a writer of the exquisite 
 taste of Tibullus. The smaller Elegies of the fourth book have all the 
 inimitable grace and simplicity of Tibullus. With the exception of the 
 thirteenth, (of which some lines are hardly surpassed by Tibullus himself,) 
 these poems relate to the love of Sulpicia, a woman of noble birth, for 
 Cerinthus, the real or fictitious name of a beautiful youth. Sulpicia 
 seems to have belonged to the intimate society of Messala (El. iv. 8). 
 Nor is there any improbability in supposing that Tibullus may have writ- 
 ten Elegies in the name or by the desire of Sulpicia. If Sulpicia was her- 
 self the poetess, she approached nearer to Tibullus than any other writer 
 of Elegies." 
 
 i Smith's Diet, of Greek and Rom. Biog. art. Tibullus. 
 
THE POEMS 
 
 YALEKIUS CATULLUS. 
 
 I. DEDICATION. 
 
 To whom do I give this sprightly little book, new, and 
 just polished with dry pumice ? l To you, Cornelius ; 2 for you 
 were wont to think my trifles of some account, and that even 
 at the time when you alone among Italian scholars dared to 
 expound the history of every age in three treatises, Jupiter ! 
 how erudite and elaborate ! Accept therefore this little book, 
 such as it is ; and, O protecting Virgin, 3 may it endure for 
 many a century. 
 
 II. TO LESBIA'S SPARROW. 4 
 Sparrow, delight of my girl, which she plays with, which 
 
 1 Dry pumice.'] The Romans wrote on parchment, and used pumice 
 stone, as the moderns do, to smooth the face of the sheet that it might 
 the better receive the ink. When the writing was finished they smoothed 
 the outside of the sheet also ; hence any highly finished composition was 
 said figuratively to be pumice expolitum. 
 
 2 Cornelius.'] That this was Cornelius Nepos, the historian, is suffici- 
 ently established by a poem of Ausonius. 
 
 3 Protecting Virgin.] Minerva, the patroness of literature. Several 
 editions read patrima Virgo, an allusion to the birth of the goddess from 
 the brain of Jove without a mother. But probably the whole passage 
 is spurious, as Handius argues ; nor is it likely that Catullus would 
 have invoked the austere Minerva's patronage for his light and sportive 
 effusions, though she might not have disdained a few of his poems, such 
 as the " Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis." 
 
 4 To Lesbia's Sparrow.] The learned Politian, Lampridius, Turnebus, 
 and Vossius will have it, that Lesbia's sparrow is an indecent allegory, 
 typifying the same thing as the " grey duck " in Pope's imitation of 
 Chaucer. Politian has been smartly castigated for this by Sannazarius, 
 
10 CATULLUS. 
 
 she keeps in her bosom, to whose eager beak she offers the tip 
 of her finger, and provokes its sharp peckings, when my bright- 
 ly fair darling has a mind to indulge in some little endearing 
 sport, as a solace, I believe, for the grief of absence, that the 
 painful smarting of her bosom may be still : to be able to 
 play with thee, as she does, and allay my grief and anxiety of 
 mind, were as welcome to me, as they say was to the swift- 
 footed girl 1 that golden apple, which loosed her long-bound 
 zone. 2 
 
 in some witty lines, which end with something to the effect that the critic 
 would like to devour the bird : 
 
 Meus hie Pulicianus 
 Tarn bellum sibi passerem Catulli 
 Intra viscera habere concupiscit. 
 " I agree with Sannazarius," says Noel. "Take this piece in its natural 
 and obvious sense, and it is a model of grace and good taste : adopt the 
 licentious allegory, and nothing can be more forced and frigid." Martial, 
 the professed imitator of Catullus, and for that very reason to be dis- 
 trusted as his interpreter, set the first example of this perverse refinement 
 on the simple meaning of the poem. " Kiss me," he says, " and then 
 Donabo tibi passerem Catulli, I will give you Catullus's sparrow," — by 
 which he does not mean a poem. Again, in the Apophoreta there is the 
 following passage about putting a bird in a cage. 
 
 Si tibi talis erit, qualem dilecta Catullo 
 Lesbia ploravit, hie habitare potest. 
 " If you have such a sparrow as Catullus's Lesbia deplored, it may lodge 
 here." Chaulieu has an epigram to the same purport : 
 
 Autant et plus que sa vie 
 
 Phyllis aime un passereau ; 
 
 Ainsi la jeune Lesbie 
 
 Jadis aima son moineau. 
 
 Mais de celui de Catulle 
 
 Se laissant aussi charmer, 
 
 Dans sa cage, sans scrupule, 
 
 Elle eut soin de 1' enfermer. 
 
 1 The swift-footed girl.'] Atalanta would accept no one as a husband 
 who could not excel her in the race. After baffling many suitors by her 
 extraordinary speed, she was won by Hippomenes by means of a strata- 
 gem suggested by Venus. The goddess gave him three golden apples, 
 which he threw down before Atalanta at critical moments in the race ; 
 she stopped to pick them up, and was beaten. 
 
 2 Loosed her zone.'] Virgins wore a girdle which was unbound by the 
 bridegroom's own hands on the wedding night. The custom was common 
 both to Greece and Italy, and, in the language of both, the phrase to undo 
 the zone, was currently used to, signify the loss of virginity. In Greece 
 the same significance was attached to the " mitra," the band, or " snood," 
 as the Scotch call it, with which maidens bound up their hair ; and in 
 
CATULLUS. 1 1 
 
 III. LAMENT FOR THE DEATH OF THE SPARROW. 1 
 
 Lament, Loves and Desires, and every man of refine- 
 ment ! My girl's sparrow is dead, my girl's pet sparrow, 
 which she loved more than her own eyes ; for it was a honeyed 
 darling, and knew its mistress as well as my girl herself 
 knew her mother; nor did it ever depart from her breast, 
 but hopping about now hither, now thither, would chirp ever 
 more to its mistress only. Now does it go along the gloomy 
 path to that region whence no one can return. Malediction 
 to you ! cruel glooms of Orcus, that devour all fair things ; 
 such a pretty sparrow you have taken from me. Unhappy 
 event ! poor little sparrow ! On your account my girl's eyes 
 are now red and swollen with weeping. 
 
 IV. THE PRAISE OF THE PINNACE. 2 
 
 That pinnace you see, my friends, avers that it was once 
 the swiftest of vessels, and never failed to outstrip the speed 
 of any craft that swam, whether the course was to be run 
 with oars or canvass. And this, it says, the coast 3 of the 
 threatening Adriatic, and the Cyclades 4 deny not, nor noble 
 Rhodes, nor rugged Thrace, 5 Propontis, 6 nor the angry 
 Pontic Gulf; 7 where that pinnace, as it afterwards became, 
 was formerly a leafy wood ; for often hath it uttered a rust- 
 ling sound with its vocal foliage on the Cytorian range. 
 
 Scotland formerly, the lassie "who had lost her snood without permission 
 of the kirk, was in danger of the cutty stool. 
 
 1 The Death of the Sparroio.] This exquisite little poem v» r as in high 
 repute among the ancients. Juvenal alludes to it in his sixth Satire, and 
 Martial in several places. It has been imitated, but far from equalled, 
 by Ovid, in his elegy on the death of a parrot, and by Stella, Martial's 
 contemporary, in a lost poem on a dove. Noel, the French translator 
 of Catullus, has enumerated fifteen modern Latin imitations. 
 
 2 The Praise of the Pinnace.] Catullus appears to have written this 
 poem on the occasion of his return from Bithynia. It contains a geo- 
 graphical summary of his voyage in inverted order. 
 
 3 Coast.] There is a peculiar propriety in this word ; because the 
 ancient navigators usually coasted along and seldom ventured on the 
 open sea. 
 
 4 Cyclades.~\ A round cluster of islands in the Archipelago. 
 
 5 Thrace.] Now called Romania or Roumelia. 
 * Propontis.] Sea of Marmora. 
 
 7 Pontic Bay.] The Euxine, now the Black Sea. 
 
12 CATULLUS. 
 
 To you also, Pontic Amastris, 1 and box-clad Cytorus, 2 my 
 pinnace says that these facts were well known, — says that from 
 its earliest origin it stood upon your summit, that it first 
 dipped its oars in your waters, and bore its master thence 
 through so many raging seas, whether the wind piped from 
 larboard or from starboard, or whether favouring Jove 3 fell 
 on both sheets 4 together ; and that it made no vows under 
 distress to the gods of the coast, when it came from the ex- 
 tremity of the sea and reached this limpid lake. 5 
 
 But these things belong to the past ; it is now growing old 
 in secluded repose, and dedicates itself to thee, Castor, and to 
 thy twin brother. 6 
 
 V. TO LESBIA. 
 
 Let us live and love, my Lesbia, and a farthing for all the 
 talk of morose old sages ! Suns may set and rise again ; but 
 we, when once our brief light has set, must sleep through a 
 perpetual night. Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred, 
 then another thousand, then a second hundred, then still 7 
 another thousand, then a hundred. Then: when we shall have 
 made up many thousands, we will confuse the reckoning, so 
 that we ourselves may not know their amount, nor any spite- 
 
 1 Amastris.] A town near Cytorus, now called Famastro. 
 
 2 Cytorus.~] A mountain in Paphlagonia in Asia Minor. Evelyn calls 
 Box-hill in Surrey, " The Cytorus of England." 
 
 3 Favouring Jove.] The god of the air, put by synecdoche for the 
 wind. 
 
 4 Both sheets.] Utrumque pedem. The lower corners of the sail, and 
 the ropes by which they were made fast, were called pedes. " Sheets" 
 is the corresponding technical term in English. 
 
 5 This limpid lake.] Lake Benacus, now the Lago di Garda. 
 
 6 Dedicates itself, &c] This little poem, which was probably sus- 
 pended as an exvoto in the temple of Castor and Pollux, has compara- 
 tively slight interest for modern readers, yet it has been the theme of 
 countless imitations and parodies, the earliest of which is extant in the 
 Catalecta Virgilii. It is a squib upon the famous Ventidius, who began 
 life as a muleteer, and afterwards rose to be praetor and consul. The 
 modern parodies are very numerous. A collection of ten, edited with 
 notes by Sextus Octavianus, was published at York in 1579. The most 
 notable of them is one by Julius Caesar Scaliger ; it is a fine sample of 
 the mutual amenity of the learned of the sixteenth century. The subject 
 of the lampoon is Doletus, who is shown up as a pimp, a thief, an 
 assassin, and a drunkard, &c. 
 
 7 Still another, &c] Usque : without intermission ; in a breath. 
 
CATULLUS. 13 
 
 ful person have it in his power to envy us l when he knows 
 that our kisses were so many. 
 
 VI. TO FLAVIUS. 
 
 Flavius, you would freely tell Catullus of your charmer, 
 nor could you keep silence on that subject, were it not that 
 she has neither sprightliness nor grace. Surely you love 
 some hot-blooded jade or another, and you are ashamed to 
 confess it. Your couch, scented with garlands and Syrian 
 oil, is by no means silent, but tells a clamorous tale ; so too 
 does the cushion equally indented in this place and in that, 
 and the creaking and stamping of the quivering bed ; for 
 unless you can hush up these evidences, silence is of no avail. 
 Who is there to whom your lank, enfeebled flanks do not 
 reveal what follies you commit by night ? Tell me therefore 
 what you have got, whether fair or foul ; I wish to cry up 
 you and your beloved to the skies in gay verse. 
 
 VII. TO LESBIA. 
 
 You ask how many kisses of yours, Lesbia, may be enough 
 for me, and more ? As the numerous sands that lie on the spicy 
 shores 2 of Cyrene, between the oracle of sultry Jove 3 and the 
 sacred tomb of old Battus ; 4 or as the many stars that in the 
 silence of night behold men's furtive amours ; 5 to kiss you with 
 so many kisses is enough and more for madly fond Catullus ; 
 
 1 Envy us.~\ Invidere ; i. e. to hurt us by his envy ; for Roman super- 
 stition recognised an occult and mischievous potency in the very senti- 
 ment of envy. See the last note on Poem vii. 
 
 2 Spicy shores.'] Literally, productive of Laserpitium. This Laser- 
 pitium appears to have been a gum -resin, but what was its precise nature 
 is unknown to the moderns. In an old translation of three plays of 
 Plautus, a note on the words of Sirpe and Laserpitium says : " This 
 Sirpe is a species of Benjamin, from whence sprung an odoriferous 
 liquor, called Laserpitium, quasi Lac Serpitium." 
 
 3 The oracle, &c] The oracle of Jupiter Ammon on the confines of 
 Egypt. The epithet cestuosi, here translated sultry, is literally surging, 
 and applies to the heaps of burning sand, like waves, amidst which stood 
 the oases of Jupiter Ammon. 
 
 4 Old Battus.] Battus was the royal founder of the city of Cyrene in 
 Libya. His tomb was four hundred miles from Amnion's temple. 
 
 5 As the many stars, &c] Thus imitated by Ariosto, canto 14, 
 
 E per quanti occhi il ciel le furtive opre 
 Degli amatori a mezza notte scopre. 
 
14 CATULLUS. 
 
 such a multitude as prying gossips can neither count, nor be- 
 witch l with their evil tongues. 
 
 VIII. TO HIMSELF. 
 
 Wretched Catullus, cease your folly, and look upon that 
 as lost which you see has perished. Fair days shone once for 
 you, when you bent your constant steps whither that girl drew 
 them, who was loved by us as none ever will be loved. There 
 all these merry things were done which you desired, and to 
 which she was nothing loth. Fair days indeed shone for 
 you then. Now she is not willing, be you too self-possessed, 
 and follow not one who shuns you, nor lead a miserable life, 
 but bear all with obstinacy, be obdurate. Farewell, girl ; 
 Catullus is now obdurate : he will neither seek you more, nor 
 solicit your unwilling favours. But you will grieve, false one, 
 when you shall not be entreated for a single night. What 
 manner of life now remains for you ? Who will visit you ? 
 Who will think you charming ? Whom will you love now ? 
 Whose will you be called ? Whom will you kiss ? Whose 
 lips will you bite ? 2 But you, Catullus, be stubbornly obdurate. 
 
 IX. TO VERANNIUS. 3 
 
 Verannius, foremost in my eyes of all my friends, had I 
 three hundred thousand of them, are you come home to your 
 household gods, to your affectionate brothers, and your aged 
 
 1 Beivitch.~\ The Romans thought it unlucky to let the exact count 
 of any of their possessions be known. So far did they carry this super- 
 stition, that when they stored their wine, they would never write " one " 
 on the first jar, but " many " as being an indefinite number. The French 
 have an old adage which seems to arise from the same source. " Brebis 
 comptee, le loup la mange : " Count your sheep and the wolf will eat them. 
 
 2 Whose lips will you bite ?] Plautus speaks of Teneris labellis molles 
 morsiunculse. Thus too Horace : 
 
 Sive puer furens 
 Impressit memorem dente labris notam. 
 Or on thy lips the fierce fond boy 
 Marks with his teeth the furious joy. Francis. 
 Plutarch tells us that Flora, the mistress of Cn. Pompey, used to say in 
 commendation of her lover, that she could never quit his arms without 
 giving him a bite. 
 
 3 Verannius.'] He had followed Cneius Calpurnius Piso into Spain, 
 whither he went as questor with pretorian power. See Poem xxv. 
 
CATULLUS. 15 
 
 mother ? Are you come ? happy news for me ! I shall 
 see you safe and well, and hear you tell of the regions, acts, 
 and tribes of the Iberians, as your custom is ; and, neck to 
 neck, I shall kiss your pleasant mouth and eyes. O all ye 
 happy men, what gladness or happiness exceeds mine ? 
 
 X. ON VARUS' MISTRESS. 
 
 Varus 1 took me to see his mistress, as I was returning 
 leisurely from the Forum : a wench, as it struck me at a 
 glance, by no means deficient in sprightliness or beauty. 
 When we came in, various subjects of conversation occurred 
 to us: among them, what sort of a country was Bithynia, 2 
 what was the state of things there, and how much money had 
 I made in it. I answered as was the fact, that neither my- 
 self, nor the praetors, nor their followers had made wherewith 
 any one of us should show a better scented head 3 on his return, 
 especially as we had a blackguard praetor, who did not care a 
 rush for his followers. " But surely," said she, "you at least 
 got bearers for your litter, for the custom is said to have 
 originated there." 4 " Nay," said I, that I might pass myself 
 off to the girl as one of the prosperous*, "it did not go so 
 hardly with me, bad as I found the province, that I could 
 not procure eight straight-backed fellows." But not one had 
 I either here or there who could lay the broken leg of my old 
 truckle-bed on his neck. Thereupon, as became a wanton, 
 she said, " Lend me those fellows for a little, I entreat you, 
 my Catullus, for I want to be carried to the temple of Sera- 
 
 1 Varus.] Probably Alphenus Varus, for whom see Poem xxvii. 
 
 2 Bithynia.~] Catullus held some office under C. Memmius Gemellus, 
 the provincial praetor of Bithynia. 
 
 3 Show a better scented head.'] A common metaphor for becoming rich. 
 * Originated there.] We have followed, but with some misgiving, 
 
 the common interpretation, which is based upon the questionable asser- 
 tion that the litter or palanquin was first introduced at Rome from 
 Bithynia. But Hahdius maintains the true reading to be : 
 quod illic 
 Natum dicitur, sere comparasti, 
 that is to say, " But surely — for money (metal) is said to grow there — 
 you bought, &c.'' Bithynia was a sort of Australia in old times, as 
 appears from many passages in classical writers, as well as from the 
 names of some of its cities, such as Chrysopolis, Chalcedon, &c. 
 
16 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 pis." 1 " Stop," said I to the girl ; "what I just said I had 
 — I made a mistake — Cinna is my comrade — Caius Cinna — 
 he bought them. But whether his or mine, what matters it 
 to me ? I use them as freely as though I had bought them. 
 But you are plaguily absurd and vexatious, who will not 
 allow one to be careless." 
 
 XI. TO FURIUS AND AURELIUS. 2 
 
 Furius and Aurelius, comrades of Catullus, whether he 
 shall make his way among the farthest Indians, where the 
 shore is beaten by the far-resounding eastern wave ; or among 
 the Hyrcani, and the soft Arabs, or the Sacas and the Par- 
 thian archers, or where the seven-mouthed Nile colours the 
 sea ; or whether he shall march across the lofty Alps, visiting 
 the monuments of the great Caesar, the Gallic Rhine and the 
 horrible and remotest Britons ; you who are ready to venture 
 with him upon all enterprises whatever, which the will of 
 the gods shall impose, bear these few unwelcome words to my 
 girl: let her live and be happy with her paramours, three 
 hundred of whom she embraces, loving not one of them truly, 
 but wearing them all out alike. 3 Let her not regard my love 4 
 as before, a love which has fallen like a flower on the verge 
 of the* meadow, after it has been touched by the passing 
 ploughshare. 5 
 
 1 Seraph."] The temple of this Egyptian deity stood in the suburbs in 
 Catullus's time. It was a favourite resort of loose women. 
 
 2 Furius and Aurelius.] This Furius is supposed to have been F. Bi- 
 baculus, whom Quintilian ranks high among the Iambic poets ; and Aure- 
 lius may have been L. Aurelius Cotta, the Praetor. Catullus soon quarrelled 
 with these dear friends, as we shall see presently. 
 
 3 Wearing them all out alike.] Ilia rumpens. More exactly rendered 
 by Biacca : 
 
 E sol di tutti 
 Tenta 1' iniqua ad isnervar i fianchi. 
 Guarini says of a coquette, that she likes to do with lovers as with gowns, 
 have plenty of them, use one after another, and change them often. 
 
 4 Regard my love.] Noel discerns a peculiar grace in the word respectet, 
 which seems to portray the coquette looking back to see if she is still 
 followed by the lover she affects to shun. 
 
 5 Like a flower, &c] Very like this is a passage in Virgil, which has 
 been imitated by Ariosto : 
 
 Purpureus veluti cum flos, succisus aratro 
 Languescit moriens . . . 
 
CATULLUS. 17 
 
 XII. TO ASINIUS. 
 Marrucinus Asinius, 1 you use your left hand 2 in no credit- 
 able manner in hours of mirth and wine. You filch the 
 napkins of those who are at all heedless. Do you think this 
 witty ? You do not perceive, silly fellow, how low and un- 
 becoming a thing it is. You do not believe me ? Believe 
 your brother Pollio, 3 who would be glad if your thefts could 
 be got rid of even at the cost of a talent : for he is a youth ac- 
 complished in pleasantries. 4 Wherefore expect either three 
 hundred lampoons, or send me back my napkin, which I 
 regard not for its intrinsic value, but as a souvenir of my 
 comrade. For Fabullus and Verannius sent me napkins as 
 a present from Iberian Setabis, 5 which of course I must prize 
 as I do my Verannius and Fabullus. 
 
 Come purpureo fior languendo more 
 
 Che '1 vomere al passar tagliato lassa. 
 Noel's remarks on this poem are ingenious. Catullus, he says, appears 
 by no means cured of his passion, though he talks so boldly. He is 
 jealous and piqued : he vents his resentment in no gentle terms, but dares 
 not address his faithless mistress directly. He imposes that painful task 
 on his friends, and implies that in so doing he puts their friendship to as 
 severe a test as though he asked them to accompany him upon one of 
 those formidable j ourneys he has enumerated. This explanation justifies the 
 geographical exordium, which would otherwise seem cold and out of place. 
 
 1 Marrucinus Asinius.'] Whether Marrucinus is a name or an epithet, 
 and if the latter, what is to be understood by it, are questions much dis- 
 puted. The Marrucini were a people of Campania, situate between the 
 Vestini and the Peligini : their chief town was Teate, now Chieti. They 
 were distinguished for their fidelity to the Romans : therefore Vulpius 
 and Doering suppose the epithet Marrucinian is meant to reproach 
 Asinius with his degeneracy from the high character of his countrymen. 
 Scaliger says, the Marrucini stood in equal repute with Boeotians for 
 stupidity, and accuses Avantius of proposing to read " Inter ccenam," in- 
 stead of " Marrucine," merely because he was himself a Marrucinian by 
 birth, and wished to destroy the record of the hebetude of his countrymen. 
 Many conceive that Asinius is merely styled of thecountry he belonged to, 
 without any reproach implied. Lastly, Marrucinus may be a proper name. 
 
 2 Left hand.] Thievish hand is implied. 
 
 3 Pollio.] Supposed to be Asinius Pollio, the poet, orator, and states- 
 man, the friend of Horace and Virgil, who played so important a part 
 under the reign of Augustus. 
 
 4 Pleasantries.] Facetiarum : the word has a larger meaning than its 
 English derivative " facetiousness." Facetus comes from facere, and 
 signifies, as Noel well says, " un homme qui a 1' heureux don de 1' apropos 
 dans tout ce qu'il dit et tout ce qu'il fait." 
 
 5 Setabis.] A city of Spain, on the river Tarracon. 
 
 c 
 
18 CATULLUS. 
 
 XIII. TO FABULLUS. 
 
 You will sup well at my house in a few days, my Fabullus, 
 if the gods favour you, provided you bring with you a good 
 and copious supper, not forgetting a fair girl, and wine, and 
 wit, and all manner of laughter. These things I say if you 
 bring with you, my bonny man, you shall sup well ; for the 
 purse of your Catullus is full of cobwebs. But in return you 
 shall have ivhat you may call a very love, 1 or if there be any- 
 thing else sweeter or more elegant, you may call it by that 
 name. For I will give you an unguent 2 which the Loves 
 and Desires bestowed on my girl; and when you smell it, 
 you will beseech the gods, Fabullus, to make you all nose. 
 
 XIV. TO LICINIUS CALVUS. 3 
 
 Did I not love you more than my eyes, most pleasant 
 Calvus, I should hate you with Vatinian hatred 4 for that pre- 
 sent of yours. For what have I done, or what have I said, 
 that you should cruelly plague me with so many poets? May 
 the gods heap many evils on that client who sent you such a 
 lot of villains. But if, as I suspect, Sulla, the commentator, 
 
 1 A very love.~\ Accipies meros amoves. Doering and others take 
 this to mean : You shall have whatever I can offer in token of the love 
 I bear you, in other words, a hearty welcome. Achilles Statius ex- 
 plains the phrase as a promise that nothing shall be talked of at the 
 supper but love, either love in general, or " my love," i. e. Catullus's, if 
 the reading be meos amoves; and he quotes several passages in point, 
 e. g. Vineta crepat mera, Hor., " tie prates of nothing but vineyards." 
 Our interpretation is supported by the authority of Muretus. 
 
 2 An unguent.'] Both Greeks and Romans used perfumes and chaplets 
 of flowers at their entertainments. " Longepierre, to give an idea of the 
 luxurious estimation in which garlands were held by the ancients, relates 
 an anecdote of a courtesan, who in order to gratify three lovers without 
 leaving cause of jealousy with any of them, gave a kiss to one, let' the 
 other drink after her, and put a garland on the brow of the third ; so 
 that each was satisfied with his favour and flattered himself with the pre- 
 ference." — Moore, Anacr. lxx. 
 
 3 Calvus.'] Cornelius Licinius Calvus, a celebrated lawyer, orator, and 
 poet. See Poems 1. liii. 
 
 4 Vatinian hatred.] Calvus had prosecuted Vatinius for bribery, and 
 the man's general character for malignity made Vatinian hate proverbial. 
 See Poem 1. 
 
CATULLUS. 19 
 
 has given you this new and choice present, I am not vexed, but 
 delighted that your labours were not spent in vain. 1 Great 
 gods, what a horrible and accursed book ! And this forsooth 
 you have sent to your Catullus, that he might be bored to 
 death all day long in the Saturnalia, 2 the best of our festivals. 
 No, no, wag, this shall not pass with you so ; for as soon as 
 it dawns I will run to the booksellers' stalls ; I will collect 
 your Csesii, your Aquinii, Suffenus, and all sorts of poisonous 
 trash, and pay you back with these torments. 
 
 Fare you well, meanwhile, hence with you, begone to 
 whence you came in evil hour, pests of the age, you execrable 
 poets. 
 
 XV. TO AURELIUS. 
 
 I commend myself and my love to you, Aurelius, with this 
 modest request ; if ever your heart was set upon an object 
 and longed to find it chaste and unsullied, watch over the 
 chastity of this ward I commit to your care, and keep it safe ; — 
 not from the general public : I have no fear of men who hurry 
 here and there through the streets, engrossed with business ; 
 but I fear you and your everlasting priapism, that spares 
 neither fair nor foul. Expend it abroad, how you please and 
 on whom you please ; I except this one object alone, and not 
 unreasonably, as I think. But if in natural depravity and 
 the delirium of concupiscence, you proceed to the unpardonable 
 crime of inveigling one who is dear to me as my own life, oh 
 then merciless will be your fate : feet bound — doors open — 
 radishes and mullets ! 3 
 
 1 Labours not spent in vai?i.] That is, I am glad that you have re- 
 ceived so appropriate an honorarium for advocating the cause of that 
 wretched pedant. 
 
 2 Saturnalia.] At the festival of the Saturnalia held in December, 
 friends exchanged presents ; slaves took mirthful liberties with their 
 masters ; all business was suspended ; and in short, people endeavoured 
 to revive for the time the famed golden age of the reign of Saturn. 
 
 3 Radishes, mullets.'] He threatens Aurelius with the atrocious 
 punishment, which law or custom allowed the injured person to inflict 
 on the spot upon the adulterer who was caught in the fact. It is thus 
 described by Parthenius : Deprehensos quadrupedes constituebant, ac 
 partibus posterioribus violenter expilatis, grandiores raphanos, aut 
 mugiles, summo cum cruciatu immittebant. 
 
 c 2 
 
20 CATULLUS. 
 
 XVI. TO AURELIUS AND FURIUS. 
 
 I will trim you and trounce you, 1 Aurelius and Furius, 
 you infamous libertines, who judge from my verses that I am 
 myself indecent because they are a little voluptuous ; for it 
 becomes the true poet 2 to be himself chaste ; but it is not at 
 all necessary that his verses should be so. 3 On the contrary, 
 
 1 I will trim you and trounce you.] Pcedicabo et irrumabo. These 
 detestable words are used here only as coarse forms of threatening, with 
 no very definite meaning. It is certain that they were very commonly 
 employed in this way, with no more distinct reference to their original 
 import than the corresponding phrases of the modern Italians, T ho in 
 culo and becco fottuto, or certain brutal exclamations common in the 
 mouths of the English vulgar. 
 
 2 The true poet.'] Pium poetam ; the idea which these words conveyed 
 to the mind of a Roman corresponded very closely with that which is 
 expressed in the words, " the poet who is true to his vocation." In Poem 
 xiv. the epithet impiorum is applied to bad poets. 
 
 3 To be chaste, &c] Ovid has a distich to the same effect: 
 
 Crede mihi, distant mores a carmine nostri ; 
 
 Vita verecunda est, musa jocosa mihi. 
 " Believe me there is a wide difference between my morals and my song ; 
 my life is decorous, my muse is wanton." And Martial says : 
 
 Lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba est. 
 Which is thus translated by Maynard : 
 
 Si ma plume est une putain, 
 Ma vie est une sainte. 
 Pliny quotes this poem of Catullus to excuse the wantonness of his 
 own verses, which he is sending to his friend Paternus ; and Apuleius 
 cites the passage in his Apology for the same purpose. " Whoever," says 
 Lambe, " would see the subject fully discussed, should turn to the Essay 
 on the Literary Character by Mr. Disraeli." He enumerates as instances 
 of free writers who have led pure lives, La Motte le Vayer, Bayle, La 
 Fontaine, Smollet, and Cowley. ' The imagination,' he adds, ' may be a 
 volcano, while the heart is an Alp of ice.' It would, however, be diffi- 
 cult to enlarge this list, while oh the other hand the catalogue of those 
 who really practised the licentiousness they celebrated, would be very 
 numerous. One period alone, the reign of Charles the Second, would 
 furnish more than enough to outnumber the above small phalanx of 
 purity. Muretus, whose poems clearly gave him every right to know- 
 ledge on the subject, but whose known debauchery would certainly have 
 forbidden any credit to accrue to himself from establishing the general 
 purity of lascivious poets, at once rejects the probability of such a con- 
 trast, saying : 
 
 Quisquis versibus exprimit Catullum 
 Raro inoribus exprimit Catonem. 
 " One who is a Catullus in verse, is rarely a Cato in morals." 
 
CATULLUS. 21 
 
 the very thing to give them zest and charm, is that they be a 
 little voluptuous and indecent, and able to excite prurience, 
 I do not say in beardless boys, but in the hardened fibres of 
 veterans in debauchery. You, because you have read of many 
 thousand kisses in my lines, think me effeminate ; but do not 
 presume upon my written follies ; hands off ! or I will give 
 you awkward proof of my manhood. 
 
 XVII. TO A TOWN. 
 
 town, that wishest to exhibit games on a long bridge, 1 
 and art ready to dance, but fearest the crazy legs of the little 
 bridge standing on piles, lest it fall flat beyond recovery, and 
 sink in the deep pool ; may a good bridge be made for thee 
 after thy own heart, one on which even the Salian rites 2 may 
 be undertaken ; but then, O town, grant me this most laughter- 
 moving boon. 
 
 1 want a certain townsman of mine to be pitched neck and 
 heels from the bridge into the water ; and just in that part 
 where the boggy slime is the bluest and deepest in the whole 
 lake and fetid marsh. The man is utterly witless ; he has 
 not as much sense as a child of two years old, rocked to sleep 
 on his father's arm. Though he has to wife a girl in her 
 earliest bloom, and though this girl, more delicate than a 
 tender kid, should be watched more carefully than the ripest 
 grapes, he lets her play as she will, and never cares a rush ; 
 nor does he bestir himself on his own part, but lies like the 
 felled alder in a Ligurian ditch, 3 as wholly insensible as though 
 he had no wife at all. Just so this dolt of mine sees nothing, 
 hears nothing ; he does not even know who he is, or whether 
 he exists or not. 
 
 Now I want to send him head foremost from the bridge, 
 in order to see if it be possible suddenly to rouse the stolid 
 
 1 Exhibit games on a long bridge.'] Public spectacles were usually 
 exhibited on the town bridge ; and the practice continued in modern 
 Italy in the times of Volpi and Corradini. 
 
 3 The Salian rites.'] Salisubsulus was a name of Mars, whose priests, 
 the Salii, used in their rites to dance wildly through the streets, carrying 
 the sacred ancilia in procession. 
 
 3 Ligurian ditch.] The Ligurians carried on a considerable traffic in 
 timber, which they felled in the forests of the Apennines. 
 
22 CATULLUS. 
 
 numskull, and leave his inert soul behind in the heavy mud, 
 as the mule leaves her iron shoe 1 in the stiff slough. 
 
 XVIII. TO THE GARDEN GOD. 2 
 
 This grove I dedicate and consecrate to thee, Priapus, 3 
 who hast thy dwelling and thy woodlands at Lampsacus ; for 
 the coast of the Hellespont, abounding above all others in 
 oysters, especially worships thee in its cities. 
 
 XIX. THE GARDEN GOD. 
 
 Shaped out of a dry oak 4 by a rustic hatchet, I, lads, have 
 fostered this place, and the marsh-land cot thatched with 
 rushes and bundles of reeds, so that they have thriven more 
 and more every year. For the masters of the place worship 
 me and salute me as a god, both the father of the cottage 
 and his son ; the one taking care with diligent husbandry to 
 keep my fane clear from brambles and rough weeds, the other 
 continually bringing me little offerings with liberal hand. I 
 am crowned with a garland of bright flowers, the firstlings of 
 the blossoming spring, and with the soft green blade and ear 
 of the tender corn. Yellow violets are offered to me, and the 
 yellow poppy, pale gourds and fragrant apples, and the red 
 grape reared under its shady vine. Sometimes (but you will 
 keep it secret) 5 even the bearded he-goat and the horny-footed 
 she-goat stain my altar with blood ; in return for which 
 
 1 Iron shoe.] The shoes of beasts, among the ancients, were not nailed 
 to the hoof, but tied on with leather ; consequently they were very liable 
 to slip off. 
 
 2 To the Garden God.] This fragment, and the two following poems, 
 are found in the Catalecta of Virgil, but they are assigned to Catullus by 
 many of the best critics, chiefly on the authority of Terentianus Maurus. 
 
 3 Priapus.] This lusty god, born at Lampsacus, a city of Asia Minor, 
 near the Hellespont, was the son of Bacchus and Venus, and his tempera- 
 ment was such as became his parentage. Hence the appropriateness of 
 that peculiarly Catullian epithet ostreosior, " more abounding in oysters," 
 as applied to the coasts most favoured by the lascivious deity. 
 
 * A dry oak.] The bust of Priapus was commonly cut out of the 
 standing trunk of a tree, and was armed with a sickle, as well as with a 
 phallus of most formidable dimensions. 
 
 5 Keep it secret.] Some understand by this that Priapus was afraid of 
 the anger of the Celestials if they heard of his receiving honours due to 
 
CATULLUS. 23 
 
 honours Priapus is bound to do all those things which are 
 expected of him, and to watch the master's garden and vine- 
 yard. Forbear therefore, boys, from pilfering here. Our 
 next neighbour is rich and his Priapus is negligent. Take 
 from him ; this path will lead you to his grounds. 
 
 XX. THE GARDEN GOD. 
 
 I, traveller, I, fashioned by rustic art out of a dry poplar, 
 watch the little field you see on the left, and the cottage and 
 the little garden of the poor owner, and repel the thief's 
 rapacious hands. I am crowned in spring with a wreath of 
 many colours ; in the heat of summer with reddening corn ; 
 in autumn with sweet grapes and green shoots of the vine, 
 and with the pale green olive. The delicate goat carries to 
 the town from my pasture udders distended with milk ; and the 
 fat lamb from my folds sends its owner home with a handful 
 of money ; and the tender calf, in spite of its mother's lowings, 
 pours out its blood before the temples of the gods. There- 
 fore, traveller, you shall revere this god, who addresses you, 
 and keep your hands off. It will be better for you ; for an 
 instrument of punishment, a rude phallus, is in readiness. "I 
 should like to see it, egad," say you : then, egad, here comes 
 the farmer, and that same phallus, plucked from its place by 
 his sturdy arm, will become a handy cudgel in his fist. 
 
 XXI. TO AURELIUS. 
 
 Aurelius, chief furnisher of famine-spread boards, 1 past, 
 present, and to come, you are bent on debauching my young 
 friend ; and you make no secret of it ; for you never quit the 
 poor thing's side, nor lose an opportunity of toying and try- 
 ing all the arts of seduction. But all in vain ; for my venge- 
 ance will anticipate your insidious purposes. Now if you 
 did all this upon a full stomach, I might have patience ; but 
 
 them alone ; for he "was one of that lower order of deities, to which Fannus, 
 Hippona, and others belonged, who were not admitted into heaven, or 
 entitled to blood offerings. 
 
 1 Furnisher of famine-spread boards.} Pater esuritionum : literally 
 " father of starvations." It was usual in the banquets of the Romans to 
 appoint a president, not necessarily the master of the house, who was 
 called master, lord, or father of the feast. In allusion to this custom, 
 Catullus humorously calls Aurelius a father of fasts. 
 
24 CATULLUS. 
 
 what vexes me is, that under your tuition the poor child must 
 learn to bear hunger and thirst. Desist, now, I warn you, 
 whilst you can do so with honour, lest 
 
 XXII. TO VARUS. 
 
 That Suffenus, whom you, Varus, know well, is a nice 
 fellow, a pleasant talker, and a wit ; ] moreover he makes no 
 end of verses. I believe he has written ten thousand or 
 more, nor are they scribbled as usual on palimpsest. 2 no! 
 royal paper, new covers, new bosses, red bands, the sheets 
 ruled with lead, and the whole smoothed with pumice. When 
 you read these books, then that graceful and witty Suffenus 
 seems to you again a downright goatherd 3 or a ditcher, so ex- 
 treme is the change. What are we to think of this ? He who 
 but now seemed a professed jester, or whatever else is more 
 glib and flippant, becomes stupider than a stupid country clown 
 as soon as he puts his hand to poetry ; and this same man is 
 never so happy as when he is writing poetry, he so delights in 
 himself, so admires himself. 4 Doubtless we are all likewise 
 fallible, nor is there any one whom you may not perceive to 
 be a Suffenus in some particular. Each has his own assign - 
 
 1 A wit.] Urbanus. Muretus, in a note on this word, adduces pass- 
 ages from Horace and Plautus, in which it is applied in this sense to 
 " diners out." 
 
 2 Palimpsest.'] Parchment used a second time to write on, after 
 erasing the characters previously inscribed on it, was called a palimpsest. 
 The Romans called their best kinds of paper, royal, hieratic, Augustan, 
 &c. The word liber, which commonly signifies a book, is here under- 
 stood to mean the wrapper. The Romans had very few books of the 
 modern form, libri quadrat i ; their volumes (volumen, from volvere, 
 to roll) were generally scrolls consisting of sheets of parchment ce- 
 mented together and rolled round a piece of wood. The scroll had an 
 ornamental boss, umbilicus, attached to its lower end ; "and it was tied 
 up with thongs of stained leather, lora. 
 
 3 A doicnright goatherd.] JJnus caprimulgus, h. e. plane et quantus 
 quantus est. Doering. 
 
 4 Is never so happy, &c] So Horace, Epist. ii. 2, 107 : 
 
 Gaudent scribentes, et se venerantur, et ultro, 
 Si taceas, laudant, quicquid scripsere beati. 
 and Boileau in his second satire : 
 
 Un sot en ecrivant fait tout avec plaisir ; 
 II n'a pas dans ses vers 1' embarras de choisir ; 
 Et toujours amoureux de ce qu' il vient d' ecrire, 
 Ravi d' etonnement, en soi-meme il s' admire. 
 
CATULLUS. 25 
 
 ed failing ; but we do not see what is in the wallet on our 
 back. 1 
 
 XXIII. TO FURIUS. 
 
 You, Furius, who possess neither slave nor coffer, nor a bug, 
 nor a spider, nor a fire, 2 have yet a father and a step-mother 
 whose teeth can chew up even flint. A pretty life you lead with 
 your father and your father's wooden spouse ; 3 and no wonder ; 
 for you are all in good health, you digest well, you fear no- 
 thing, neither fires, nor heavy losses, nor impious deeds, nor 
 treacherous poison, nor any perilous chances. Moreover you 
 have bodies more dried than horn, or if anything else there is 
 more arid, by heat, and by cold, and hunger. Wherefore 
 should you not be comfortable and happy? You are free 
 from sweat, from spittle, from mucus, and unpleasant snivel at 
 the nose. To this cleanliness add the still cleanlier fact that 
 your posteriors are neater than a salt cellar, nor do you void 
 anything from them ten times in a year, and when you do, it 
 is harder than a bean or than pebbles, so that if you rub and 
 crumble it in your hands you can never dirty a finger. De- 
 spise not these precious advantages, Furius, nor think little 
 of them, and cease to pray, as you are wont, for a hundred 
 thousand sesterces ; for you are blest enough. 
 
 XXIV. TO JUVENTIUS. 
 
 fairest bud of the Juventian race, past, present, and to 
 come, I had rather you had given my wealth to that fellow 
 who has neither slave nor coffer, than suffer yourself to be 
 loved by him. — What ! is he not handsome ? you will say. — 
 He is ; but this handsome man has neither slave nor coffer. 
 Disdain my words, and make light of them as you will ; still, 
 I say, he has neither slave nor coffer. 
 
 1 The wallet, &c] An allusion to iEsop's fable, that Jove has hung 
 two wallets on every man, one in front, stuffed with his neighbour's faults, 
 the other behind, containing his own. 
 
 2 Neither slave, &c.J To have neither slave nor coffer, was a pro- 
 verbial phrase to express extreme poverty. The house that could not 
 maintain a bug must have been a poor one indeed. 
 
 3 Wooden spouse.~\ Dry and meagre as wood ; like the woman of 
 whom Scarron says, that she never snuffed the candle with her fingers 
 for fear of setting them on fire. 
 
26 CATULLUS. 
 
 XXV. TO THALLUS. 
 
 Lascivious Thallus, softer than rabbit's fur, or goose 
 down, or the tip of the ear, or spider's web, yet more 
 rapacious than the driving storm, when the dire wintry sea 
 forces the boding birds ashore : send me back my cloak which 
 you stole, and my Setabian napkin, and my Thynian tablets, 
 which you, fool, exhibit openly as if they were heir-looms. 
 Unglue them now from your nails, 1 and send them back to 
 me, lest the smarting whip inscribe ugly marks on your deli- 
 cate flanks and soft buttocks, and you toss about in a way you 
 are not used to, like a tiny bark caught by the raging wind 
 on the vast sea. 
 
 XXVI. TO FURIUS. 
 
 Your villa, Furius, is set 2 not against the south wind, nor 
 the west, nor the keen north, nor the east ; but against fifteen 
 thousand two hundred sesterces. 3 O horrible and pestilent 
 wind ! 
 
 XXVII. TO HIS YOUNG CUP-BEARER. 
 
 Young server of old Falernian, pour out for me stronger 
 cups, 4 for so orders the law imposed by our president Post- 
 humia, more drunken than a drunken grape-seed. But 
 you, spring water, bane of wine, 5 begone hence whither you 
 
 1 Unglue them, &c] Reglutina. The Italians say, " Appicarsi la 
 roba alle mani," and the Italian translator of Catullus thus renders this 
 line : Sciogli adunque dalla pece 1' unghia infame. 
 
 2 Is set.] Catullus puns upon the word opposita, which besides its 
 ordinary meaning, opposed to, signifies also pawned for — 
 
 3 15,200 sesterces. ] A sum nominally equivalent to about £95, accord- 
 ing to the calculation of Vossius, but in reality to more than ten times 
 that amount. 
 
 4 Stronger cups.] Literally more bitter, amariores, that is, draughts of 
 drier wine, the original sweetness of which has been converted into spirit 
 by the slow fermentation of years. 
 
 5 Bane of wine.] This scorn of water implies an uncompromising de- 
 termination to get drunk as soon as possible, for it was the general prac- 
 tice of the ancients to dilute their wine. Anacreon, like a sage tippler 
 as he was, exclaims, 
 
 Fill me, boy, as deep a draught, 
 
 As e'er was fill'd, as e'er was quafFd ; 
 
CATULLUS. 27 
 
 will, and migrate to the sober: here is nothing but pure 
 Thyonian juice. 1 
 
 XXVIII. TO VERANNIUS AND FABULLUS. 
 
 Ye followers of Piso, empty-handed train, with knapsacks 
 well-packed and light of burthen, excellent Verannius and 
 you my Fabullus, what are you doing ? Have you endured 
 cold and hunger enough with that scamp ? 2 How much of 
 your profits figures in your account-books as expended ? As 
 happened to myself, who, when I followed my praetor, was out 
 of pocket instead of gaining. O Memmius, finely you cheated 
 and abused me in all that business. 3 But as far as I see, 
 you, my friends, have been in the same case ; for you have 
 had to do with just such another scoundrel. Court noble 
 friends after this! But may gods and goddesses shower many 
 curses on you, disgraces to Romulus and Remus ! 
 
 But let the water amply flow, 
 To cool the grape's intemperate gloAV : 
 Let not the fiery god be single, 
 But with the nymphs in union mingle. 
 For though the bowl 's the grave of sadness, 
 Oh ! be it ne'er the birth of madness ! 
 There is an ingenious epigram on this subject in the Greek Anthology, 
 which has been imitated in Latin by Pierius Valerianus. Bacchus, be- 
 it remembered, " was from his mother's womb untimely snatched," 
 when she was consumed by the effulgence of Jove, her lover, whom she 
 had rashly insisted on beholding in his native majesty. 
 Ardentem ex utero Semeles lavere Lyseum 
 
 Naiades, extincto fulminis igne sacri ; 
 Cum nymphis igitur tractabilis, at sine nymphis 
 Candente rursus fulmine corripitur. 
 While heavenly fire consumed his Theban dame, 
 A Naiad caught young Bacchus from the flame, 
 And dipp'd him burning in her purest lymph ; 
 Still, still he loves the sea-maid's crystal urn, 
 And when his native fires infuriate burn, 
 
 He bathes him in the fountain of the nymph. Moore. 
 
 1 Thyonian juice.'] Thyoneus was one of the names of Bacchus. 
 
 2 That scamp.] Vappa. The word means primitively wine that is 
 grown flat and good for nothing. Vulpius remarks with much probability, 
 that Catullus chose this common term of contempt for the sake of the con- 
 trast with Frugi (thrifty), the surname of the Piso family. 
 
 3 O Memmius, &c] The original of this passage will not bear to be 
 translated literally. Catullus vents his indignation against Memmius in 
 the most obscene invective. See the last note on Poem xxxviii. 
 
28 CATULLUS. 
 
 XXIX. TO C^SAR ON MAMURRA. 1 
 
 Who can behold this, who can endure it, save a lewd 
 reprobate, and an extortioner, and a reckless squanderer, that 
 Mamurra should have all the fulness of long-haired Gaul 2 
 and farthest Britain ? Vicious Cassar, 3 wilt thou behold and 
 tolerate such things ? Thou art a lewd reprobate, and an 
 extortioner, and a reckless squanderer. And shall he now, 
 proud and profuse, perambulate all men's beds, like the white 
 dove of Venus, or Adonis ? Vicious Caesar, wilt thou behold 
 and tolerate such things ? Thou art a lewd reprobate, and 
 an extortioner, and a reckless squanderer. Is it for this, sole 
 and unrivalled emperor, that thou hast been to the extremest 
 island of the west, that this worn-out lecher of thine should 
 riot in boundless extravagance? "What matters it?" says 
 thy ill-placed liberality. Has he then made away with little ? 
 Has he devoured little ? First his patrimony was spent ; next 
 the spoil of Pontus ; then thirdly that of Iberia, which the 
 auriferous Tagus knows. He is the terror of Gaul, the terror 
 of Britain. Why dost thou cherish this wretch ? Or what 
 
 1 Mamurra.] Mamurra Formianus was a Roman knight, and com- 
 mander of the artillery, prafectum fabrum, to Caesar during his Avars in 
 Gaul. From the fruits of that and other expeditions he amassed an 
 immense fortune, and is said by Pliny to have been the first in Rome who 
 adorned his house with pillars of solid marble. When Caesar was on a 
 visit at Cicero's villa, this poem, or that numbered lvii., which appears to 
 have been written before it, was read to him by one of his suite as he 
 was bathing. He heard it without even changing countenance, and with 
 a moderation which has been highly extolled, accepted the submission 
 of Catullus, and invited him on the same evening to supper. But the 
 nature of this submission, as implied by the word satisfacientem in the 
 passage in which Suetonius relates this anecdote, was abject enough, for 
 it was a penitent retractation made before witnesses. 
 
 2 Long-haired Gaul.] Gallia comata. All Transalpine Gaul was so 
 called. 
 
 3 Vicious Ccesar.] Cincede Romule. The epithet is here applied in its 
 grossest sense, which again is implied in the allusion to the spoil of Pon- 
 tus ; for this, as Vossius proves, can only be understood to mean the 
 wealth obtained by Caesar, when a young man, through his infamous rela- 
 tions with Nicomedes, king of Pontus — as witness two lines sung by 
 Ceesar's own soldiers on the occasion of his triumph : 
 
 Ecce Caesar nunc triumphat, qui subegit Galliam ; 
 Nicomedes non triumphat, qui subegit Ccesarem. 
 
CATULLUS. 29 
 
 can he do but devour fat inheritances ? Was it for this, sole 
 and unrivalled emperor, that both of you, father-in-law and 
 son-in-law, 1 ruined the world? 
 
 XXX. TO ALPHENUS. 
 
 Alphenus, 2 unmindful, and false to your affectionate com- 
 panions, you have no pity now, hard-hearted man, for your 
 dear friend. You do not hesitate to beguile and betray me, 
 perfidious wretch ! The impious deeds of deceitful men please 
 not the celestials ; but this you heed not, and you desert me 
 in misfortune. Alas, what can men do henceforth, or in 
 whom can they have confidence ? Surely you bade me yield 
 my soul to you implicitly, unjust one, luring me to love you 
 as though I had nothing to fear. And now you retract, and 
 let the winds and the airy clouds carry away all your idle 
 words and acts. If you have forgotten, yet the gods remem- 
 ber. Faith 3 remembers and will make you by and by repent 
 your conduct. 
 
 XXXI. TO THE PENINSULA OF SIRMIO.* 
 
 Sirmio, thou precious little eye of all peninsulas and 
 islands which either Neptune owns in calm lakes and in the 
 
 1 Father-in-law and son-in-laxc] Pompey married Csesar's daughter, 
 Julia, and is commonly supposed to be the " son-in-law " here meant ; 
 but Vossius argues with some force, that socer and gener apply, not to 
 Cassar and Pompey, but to Caesar and Mamurra. Those words, and the 
 corresponding terms in Greek, were often used in an unnatural sense, as 
 for instance in an epigram on Noctuinus, attributed to Calvus, in which 
 occurs this very line, Gener socer que perdidisiis omnia. 
 
 2 Alphenus.'] The circumstances which provoked this complaint are 
 not known to us. The person to whom it is addressed is presumed to 
 have been that Alfenus Varus of Cremona, mentioned by Horace, (Sat. 4, 
 lib. i.,) who was originally a barber, and afterwards turned lawyer. 
 
 3 Faith had a temple at Rome and was treated with divine honours. 
 
 4 The Peninsula of Sirmio.] Vulpius infers from the expression " your 
 master," near the end of the poem, that the whole peninsula belonged to 
 Catullus. It is a beautiful spot, finely wooded, and about two miles in 
 circumference. At its extreme point on the Lago di Garda, the founda- 
 tions of a very extensive edifice have been discovered — the villa, as some 
 suppose, of Catullus. After the siege of Peschiera by the French, General 
 Lacombe Saint Michel surveyed the site, and drew a ground-plan of the 
 building, which is printed in Noel's notes. It indicates the existence of 
 
30 CATULLUS. 
 
 vast sea ; how willingly, how joyfully do I revisit thee, scarcely 
 believing myself that I have left Thynia and the Bithynian 
 plains, and behold thee in safety ! Oh, what is more blessed 
 than cares dismissed ; when the mind lays down all its bur- 
 then, and, weary with foreign toil, we come to our own home, 
 and rest in the longed-for bed ! This is what alone repays 
 me for so many toils. Hail, beautiful Sirmio, and rejoice in 
 thy master. Rejoice too, ye waves of the Lydian lake. 1 Peal 
 out every laugh that is in my home. 
 
 XXXII. TO HYPSITHILLA. 
 
 My sweet Hypsithilla, my delight, my merry soul ; bid me, 
 like a dear girl, come to you to pass the noon. 2 And if you bid 
 me, add this, that no one bar the gate, that no fancy take you 
 to go abroad, but that you remain at home, and prepare for 
 us no end of amorous delights. 3 But if you agree, summon 
 me immediately, for I am lying on my back after dinner, full, 
 and pampered, and am bursting my tunic and my very cloak. 4 
 
 a noble palace in former days, and if this was the villa of Catullus, he 
 must have possessed no inconsiderable fortune. The same general gave a 
 brilliant fete on the spot in honour of its ancient owner, whose praises 
 were said and sung on the occasion by the Italian poet Anelli. Appropri- 
 ate toasts were drunk, and such was the enthusiasm of the moment, that 
 the inhabitants of Sermione (the modern name of the town of Sirmio) 
 luckily just then arriving with a petition of some troops quartered upon 
 them, obtained their request ! Bonaparte himself, when going to ne- 
 gotiate the treaty of Campo Formio, turned out of his road between 
 Brescia and Peschiera to visit the poet's residence. 
 
 1 Lydian lake.] Why Benacus should be so called is not very clear; 
 Vulpius says it is because the territory of Verona, in which the lake lies, 
 belonged to the Rhceti ; the Rhceti sprang from the Tuscans, and the 
 Tuscans from the Lydians. 
 
 2 To pass the noon.'] That is, to take my siesta with you. See Ovid, 
 Amor. i. Eleg. v. 
 
 3 Prepare for us, &c] We have substituted a vague phrase for a sin- 
 gularly plain and precise one. Noel, the French translator, approaches 
 the original more nearly, but still in a covert manner : " Prepare neuf 
 couronnes au front de ton vainqueur." The Abbe" Marolle, he says, 
 " traduit ce passage scabreux d'une maniere assez plaisante : ' Et de neuf 
 facons qu' il y a de caresser quand on est de bonne humeur, n'en oublie 
 pas une.' II est gai, le cher abbe ! " 
 
 4 Am bursting, &c] Pezay, a French translator, strangely mistakes the 
 meaning of the passage, as if it amounted to this, " I have gorged till I 
 am ready to burst;" and he quotes the remark of "une femme char- 
 mante," who said that her only reply to such a billet-doux would have 
 
CATULLUS. 3 1 
 
 XXXIII. ON THE VIBENNII.i [ See Metrical Version.] 
 
 XXXIV. HYMN TO DIANA. 2 
 
 We, virgins and unblemished youths, are under the protec- 
 tion of Diana. Unblemished youths and virgins, let us sing 
 Diana. 
 
 great Latonian progeny of mightiest Jove, whom thy 
 mother laid down near the Delian olive ; 
 
 That thou mightest be mistress of mountains, and verdant 
 woods, and secluded groves, and sounding rivers ; 
 
 Thou art called Juno Lucina by women in the pains of 
 childbed ; thou art the mighty Trivia, and art called Luna with 
 the. borrowed light. 3 
 
 Thou, goddess, measuring the annual period with thy 
 monthly round, fillest the rustic roofs of the husbandman 
 with good harvests. 
 
 Be sacred under whatever name it pleases thee, 4 and pre- 
 teen to send the writer an emetic. But the lady might have prescribed 
 a different remedy if she had been acquainted with Martial's line : 
 
 O quoties rigida pulsabis pallia vena. ! 
 or -with this quatrain of an old French poet : 
 Ainsi depuis une semaine 
 La longue roideur de ma veine, 
 Pour neant rouge et bien en point, 
 Bat ma chemise et mon pourpoint. 
 
 1 On the Vibennii.~\ Instead of a literal translation of this, and of some 
 other pieces, which would be insufferable in English, the reader will 
 please to accept Noel's free version in French prose : Effroi des bains 
 publics, filou consomme dans ton art, Vibennius aux mains armees de 
 glu, et toi digne filsd 5 un tel pere, degoutant Ganymede, fuyez, V exil 
 est votre seule ressource. Que feriez-vous ici ? Le pere est trop illustre 
 par ses rapines, et les charmes du fils, quoique mis au rabais, ne trouvent 
 plus de chalands. 
 
 2 Hymn to Diana.] This was probably composed for some festival of 
 Diana, but chronology establishes that it was not a secular ode. Ad- 
 dresses to this goddess were sung by youths and girls of noble families. 
 Horace has three odes on the same subject. 
 
 3 Luna with the borrowed light.] " Bastard light " would be a more 
 literal translation. The ancients knew that the moon derived her light 
 from the sun. The fact is mentioned both by Lucian and Pliny ; and 
 Luna's car was fabled to be drawn by mules, as emblematic of her spu- 
 rious splendour. 
 
 4 Whatever name it pleases thee.] Diana, as well as Isis, was " Dea 
 
32 CATULLUS. 
 
 serve by thy good aid, as thou art wont, the race of Romulus 
 and Ancus. 
 
 XXXV. INVITATION TO CJECILIUS. 
 
 Say, paper, to the tender poet, my companion Ceecilius, 
 that he must come to Verona, forsaking the walls of New 
 Comum and the Larian shore, 1 for I wish him to hear certain 
 reflections of his friends and mine. Wherefore, if he be wise, 
 he will devour the way, though a girl a thousand times fair 
 call him back, and throwing both her arms round his neck 
 entreat him to delay ; a girl who now, if I am truly informed, 
 yearns for him with uncontrollable love. For ever since he 
 read to her his story of the mistress of Dindymus, 2 fires have 
 been consuming the inward marrow of the poor girl. I can 
 excuse thee, girl, more learned than the Muse of Sappho ; 
 for beautifully has the Mighty Mother been sung by Caecilius. 
 
 XXXVI. ON THE ANNALS OF VOLUSIUS. 
 
 Annals of Volusius, most execrable book, 3 fulfil a vow for 
 my girl; for she pledged herself to sacred Venus and to 
 Cupid that if I were restored to her, and ceased to brandish 
 my truculent iambics, 4 she would give the choicest productions 
 
 Myrionoma," a goddess of ten thousaud names. Callimachus, in a hymn 
 to Diana, represents her as asking Jove for perpetual chastity and many 
 names ; attributes which seem rather discordant to us, who are not 
 taught to esteem an alias as connected with any virtue. However, 
 she thought the distinction of value, for she preserved it more care- 
 fully than Jove's other gift. Minerva is, I believe, of all heathen god- 
 desses, the only one of quite unimpeached chastity, except the Furies. 
 This passage, begging Diana to choose the name she liked, was to avoid 
 a tedious enumeration ; it was usual in invocations to the deities to call 
 upon them by all their names, lest the most agreeable might be missed. 
 Why was there no chance of offence from some nickname or disrelished 
 title ? — Lambe. 
 
 1 Larian shore.'] The Larius Lacus is now the Lake of Como. 
 
 2 The mistress of Dindymus. .] The goddess Cybele. 
 
 3 Annals of Volusius, &c] These annals were an historical poem by 
 Volusius of Padua, written, as the author hoped, after the manner of 
 Ennius. " Most execrable " is a strong epithet, but not half so strong as 
 the original : cacata charta ; " rhapsodie digne du cabinet," says Noel, 
 borrowing a phrase of Moliere's. 
 
 4 Truculent iambics.] The Iambic verse was held to be peculiarly 
 adapted to invective and sarcasm. 
 
CATULLUS. 33 
 
 of the worst poet to the limping god, 1 to be burnt with un- 
 lucky wood. 2 So it is plain to my girl that by her merry 
 and facetious oath she has devoted these worst of poems to the 
 gods. 3 Now, O offspring of the azure deep, who dwellest in 
 the sacred Idalium, and the open plains of Syria, in Ancona, 
 the reedy Cnidus, Amathus and G-olgos, and Dyrrachium, 4 
 the hostelry of the Adriatic, accept and recognise the fulfil- 
 ment of the vow, if it is not devoid of piquancy and pretti- 
 ness. Into the fire with you, meanwhile, full as you are of 
 boorishness and stupidity, Annals of Volusius, most execrable 
 book. 
 
 XXXVII. TO CORNIFICIUS. 
 
 All goes ill, Cornificius, with your Catullus, ill indeed and 
 distressingly, and more and more so every day and hour. I 
 am angry with you. Is it thus you return my love ? Have 
 you — it would have been the slightest and easiest task for 
 you — have you comforted me by any line of yours ? some 
 little line or other would be welcome to me, though sadder than 
 the tearful strains of Simonides. 5 
 
 XXXVIII. TO THE FREQUENTERS OF A CERTAIN TAVERN. 
 
 Lewd tavern, the ninth sign-post from the temple of the 
 capped brothers, 6 and you its frequenters, do you think that 
 
 1 The limping god.'] Vulcan, who was thrown down from heaven to 
 earth by Jupiter, and had his thigh broken by the fall. 
 
 2 Unlucky wood.] Roman superstition classified even firewood as 
 lucky and unlucky. To the former belonged in general the wood of such 
 trees as bore fruit, to the latter the rest; but this rule was not without 
 exceptions. 
 
 3 So it is plain, &c] Other meanings have been given to this passage, 
 but all of them appear forced and insipid in comparison with that which 
 we have adopted. The test itself is variously given ; we follow Doering's 
 reading : 
 
 Et hsec pessima se puella vidit 
 Jocose et lepide vovere Divis. 
 
 4 Idalium, &c] Catullus here enumerates the places where Venus was 
 chiefly worshipped. Ascalon, in the southern lowlands of Syria, was the 
 first city which had a public building in honour of the goddess. Amathus 
 and Goigos were cities, Idalium a forest and city, of Cyprus. Dyrrachium, 
 formerly Epidamnum, is now Durazzo. 
 
 5 Simonides.'] An exquisite elegiac poet of the island of Ceos. 
 
 6 The capped brothers.'] Castor and Pollux, who were represented as 
 
34 CATULLUS. 
 
 you alone have the attributes of manhood ? that you alone are 
 licensed to kiss the girls, all and sundry, [and to scorn other 
 men as if they were rank goats]? 1 Is it because you sit there 
 night and day, a hundred boobies or two, that you do not 
 think I will venture to tackle the whole two hundred of you 
 at once ? Ay, but you may think it ; and I will write all 
 over the front of your tavern with burnt sticks. 2 For my girl, 
 who has fled from my bosom, my girl whom I loved with a love 
 that will never be equalled, for whom I have waged great 
 wars, has sat herself down there ; and now you all make love 
 to her, pleasant, comfortable fellows, and — what is really too 
 bad — all of you pitiful knaves, gallants of the by-streets, and 
 you above all, Egnatius, one of the long-haired race from the 
 rabbit-warrens of Celtiberia, you whose merit consists in a 
 bushy beard, and teeth scrubbed with Spanish urine. 3 
 
 XXXIX. UPON EGNATIUS. 
 
 Because Egnatius has white teeth he grins incessantly. 
 Whether he be present at a criminal prosecution when the 
 
 •wearing a sort of Phrygian cap, in shape like half an egg-shell, — an allu- 
 sion to their birth from Leda's eggs. 
 
 1 Rank c/oats.'] The line corresponding to the passage enclosed be- 
 tween brackets, appears in all the editions, but is certainly spurious, as 
 Handius has shown. 
 
 2 Burnt sticks.'] Scipionibus, which is the reading of all the MSS., is 
 shrewdly suspected by Handius to be a transcriber's mistake for inscrip- 
 tionibus, a word which is here doubly appropriate, whilst the " burnt 
 stick" is a common-place detail, the mention of which is superfluous. 
 Inscriptio is the Latin equivalent for the Greek word epigram. Moreover 
 it was customary to display on the fronts of brothels the names of the 
 inmates, just as shopkeepers' names were inscribed over places of more 
 reputable trade : this was called inscriptio or titulus. The passage thus 
 amended would mean, " I will scribble the front of your tavern all over 
 with epigrams and inscriptions of your names." 
 
 3 Spanish urine.] This is not a malicious invention of the angry poet's. 
 Strabo and Diodorus state positively that the Spaniards were in the 
 habit of beautifying their teeth and skin w r ith this singular cosmetic. 
 It has been necessary greatly to mitigate the obscene ribaldry of this 
 poem in the translation; but this perhaps has not induced any great 
 sacrifice of fidelity. There is often an immense difference between the 
 conventional and the etymological meaning of words, and a translator 
 who regards only the latter must often grossly misrepresent his original. 
 A perfectly literal version of this poem would not be more repugnant to 
 the taste of the English reader than to the spirit of the original, which is 
 that of coarse, half-angry jocularity, rather than of serious menace. 
 
CATULLUS. 35 
 
 orator moves the audience to tears, he grins ; or whether at 
 the scene of woe round the funeral pile of a dutiful son, when 
 the bereaved mother weeps for her only child, he grins. What- 
 ever is in hand, wherever he is, whatever he does, he grins. 
 He has this disease upon him, a thing neither elegant, in my 
 opinion, nor genteel. Wherefore I must admonish you, good 
 Egnatius, if you were a native of Rome, or a Tiburtine, or an 
 Umbrian hog, or a fat Etruscan, or a swarthy and huge- 
 toothed Lanuvian, or a Transpadane — that I may touch upon 
 my own countrymen also — or were you a native of any country 
 where they wash their teeth in clean water, still I would not 
 have you grin incessantly; for nothing is sillier than silly 
 laughter. But every Celtiberian in the Celtiberian land is in 
 the habit of scrubbing his teeth and his red gums in the 
 morning with his last night's urine, so that the more finely 
 polished your teeth are, the more the fact declares you to 
 have drunk of chamber-lye. 
 
 XL. TO RAVIDUS. 
 
 What infatuation, wretched Ravidus, drives you headlong 
 upon my iambics? What god, an evil counsellor for you, 
 urges you to an insane strife ? Is it that you may become the 
 common talk ? What would you have ? Do you wish to be 
 notorious on any terms ? You shall be so, since you have sought 
 to supplant me in my love at the cost of lasting punishment. 
 
 XLI. ON MAMTJRRA'S MISTRESS. 
 Is that battered strumpet in her senses, who asks me ten 
 thousand sesterces ? l That girl with the nasty nose, the 
 mistress of the desperate spendthrift Formianus ? Ye kins- 
 men, to whom the care of the girl belongs, call together friends 
 and physicians : the girl is insane. Do not ask what is her 
 malady : she is labouring under visionary delirium. 2 
 
 1 Ten thousand sesterces.] Nominally about £60, but equivalent to 
 more than ten times that amount in coin of the present day. 
 
 2 She is labouring, &c] Such is the best explanation given of the 
 dubious text solet hcec imaginosum ; solet being construed as a neuter 
 transitive verb. But we strongly incline to Doering's conjectural emend- 
 ation : nee rogare 
 
 Qualis sit, solet ; en imaginosam ! 
 " The girl is mad, and never thinks of asking what sort of a looking per- 
 son she is ; what a fanciful wench ! " 
 
 d 2 
 
36 CATULLUS. 
 
 XLII. ON A HARLOT. 
 
 Hither, Phalsecian verses ! 1 hither all of you from every 
 quarter ; hither one and all ! A vile harlot thinks me a fit 
 laughing-stock, and refuses to return me your tablets, 2 if you 
 can bear this. Let us pursue her and beset her with our 
 demands. Who is she, do you ask? That jade whom you 
 see moving with ugly affected gait, and grinning disgustingly 
 with a mouth like a Gallic beagle. Plant yourselves round 
 her and beset her with your demands ; " Filthy harlot, give 
 back the tablets ; give back the tablets, filthy harlot. You 
 care not a farthing ? lump of mud, common strumpet, 
 or more infamous still if anything can be so ? " 
 
 But you must not think even this enough ; if, however, it 
 can do nothing more, at least let us force a blush upon her 
 iron dog's-face. 3 Shout again with louder voice : " Filthy 
 harlot, give back the tablets; give back the tablets, filthy 
 harlot." 
 
 But we can do no good ; she is not moved a jot. You 
 must change your plan and method, and try if you can suc- 
 ceed any better. " Chaste and virtuous maid, return the 
 tablets." 
 
 XLIII. TO THE MISTRESS OF FORMIANUS. 
 
 Hail, girl, with not over-much of a nose, with no pretty 
 foot, nor black eyes, nor long fingers, nor dry mouth, nor 
 particularly pleasing tongue, hail, spendthrift Formian's mis- 
 tress ! Does the province 4 tell that you are beautiful ? Does 
 it compare you with my Lesbia? senseless and stupid 
 
 1 Phalcecian verses.'] The liendecasyllabic metre, so called from Pha- 
 Ifficus, who perfected, if he did not invent it. 
 
 2 Tablets.] Pugillaria. These were tables of ivory or wood, thinly 
 coated with wax, the writing upon which could be erased, or scratched 
 in again at pleasure. Upon these Catullus set down the rough draft of 
 the verses he apostrophises in this poem ; therefore he calls the lost 
 property "your tablets." 
 
 3 Iron dog's-face.] The Latins said cs ferrcum, " iron face," as we 
 now say " brazen face." 
 
 4 The province.] The Transpadanian province. 
 
CATULLUS. 37 
 
 XLIV. TO HIS FARM. 
 
 my farm, whether Sabine or Tiburtine l — for those who 
 have no wish to vex Catullus, aver that you belong to the 
 territory of Tibur ; but those who do so wish, will lay any bet 
 that you are Sabine — but whether you are Sabine or rather 
 Tiburtine, gladly did I find myself in your suburban villa, 
 and get rid of a bad cough which my stomach bestowed upon 
 me not undeservedly, whilst I indulged in sumptuous feasting. 
 For Sextianus, whilst I had a mind to be a partaker of his 
 good cheer, read me an oration delivered in opposition to 
 Antius, the prosecutor, full of poisonous and pestilent stuff; 
 thereupon a cold rheum and frequent cough shook me 2 until 
 I fled to your bosom, and doctored myself with basil and 
 nettle. Wherefore, now restored to health, I return you my 
 best thanks for that you have not punished my fault. Nor 
 do I now object, if again I listen to Sextian's infernal writ- 
 ings, but that their frigidity may inflict rheum and cough, not 
 on me, but on Sextius himself, who only invites me when he 
 has a bad book of his to read. 
 
 XLV. ON ACME AND SEPTIMIUS. 
 
 Thus said Septimius, as he held his beloved Acme on his 
 bosom : " If I do not love thee to perdition, my Acme, and am 
 not bent on still loving thee constantly through all coming 
 years, as much and as consumingly as possible, 3 may I be ex- 
 
 1 Sabine or Tiburtine.'] The farm was situated on the confines of both 
 territories. Why Catullus preferred Tibur does not appear. 
 
 2 A cold rheum, &c.] Modern compositions have had the same influ- 
 ence on their readers. Swift tells us, in his verses on burning a dull 
 poem : 
 
 " The cold conceits, the chilling thoughts, 
 Went down like stupifying draughts ; 
 I found my head begin to swim ; 
 A numbness crept through every limb." 
 
 3 If I do not love thee, &c] Granville, Lord Lansdown, has imitated 
 this passage, in an inscription on a drinking glass, written under the 
 name of the Lady Mary Villiers, whom he afterwards married : 
 
 " If I not love thee, Villiers, more 
 Than ever mortal loved before ; 
 
38 CATULLUS. 
 
 posed alone to a grim-eyed lion 1 in Libya or in scorching 
 India." When he said this, Love, who had looked upon him 
 before from the left, now sneezed approvingly from the 
 right. 
 
 But Acme gently bending back her head, and kissing the 
 love-drunken eyes of her sweet boy with that rosy mouth of 
 hers, said, " My own life, Septimillus, let us ever serve this 
 one lord alone, so surely as the fire in my soft marrow burns 
 fuller far and more fiercely than ever.'''' 2 When she said this, 
 Love, who had looked upon her before from the left, now 
 sneezed approvingly from the right. 
 
 Now sped upon their course with a good omen, they love 
 and are loved with mutual affection. Love-lorn Septimius 
 prefers Acme before Syria and Britain : 3 faithful Acme 
 centres all her pleasure and delight in Septimius alone. Who 
 ever saw happier mortals ? Who ever saw a more auspicious 
 passion ! 
 
 XLVL HIS FAREWELL TO BITHYNIA. 
 
 Now spring brings back tepid gales, now the fury of the 
 equinoctial sky is hushed before the pleasant breath of zephyr. 
 
 With such a passion, fix'd and sure, 
 As e'en possession could not cure, 
 Never to cease but with my breath, 
 May then this bumper be my death ! " 
 
 1 A grim-eyed Hon.] Casio leoni. This epithet, says Dr. Nott, here 
 implies having eyes of a greenish brightness, as cats, tigers, lions, and the 
 generality of beasts of prey : ccesius is much the same with the Greek 
 glaucus ; whence Minerva, who had such eyes, is called glaucopis. 
 
 2 My own life, &c] Both Nott and Lambe appear to have mistaken 
 the meaning of this passage, making Acme institute a comparison be- 
 tween the force of her own passion and her lover's, of which we can dis- 
 cover no indication in the original here subjoined : 
 
 Sic, inquit, mea vita, Septimille, 
 
 Huic uni domino usque serviemus, 
 
 Ut multo mihi major acriorque 
 
 Ignis mollibus ardet in medullis. 
 Acme's meaning is, Let our exclusive devotion to this god increase ever- 
 more, as does the fervour of my passion. 
 
 3 Syria and Britain.] The Romans supposed Syria to be the centre 
 of the world, and Britain the extremity. Hence there is a peculiar force 
 in the use of these two words in this place ; they imply that Acme was 
 dearer to Septimius than all between the world's centre and its remotest 
 verge. 
 
CATULLUS. 39 
 
 Left be the Phrygian fields, Catullus, and the fertile soil of 
 sultrj Nicasa; let us fly to the illustrious cities of Asia. 1 
 Now my mind, in a flutter of anticipation, longs to roam ; now 
 my feet grow strong in joyful eagerness. Farewell, sweet 
 circle of companions, who left your distant home together, 
 and who depart by various ways. 
 
 XLVII. TO PORCIUS AND SOCRATION. 
 
 Porcius and Socration, two unlucky, scurvy knaves of 
 Piso, and famished underlings of Memmius, has that circum- 
 cised Priapus preferred you to my Verannulus and Fabullus ? 
 Do you fare sumptuously every day ; and are my comrades 
 forced to look for invitations in the street? 2 
 
 XLVIII. TO HIS LOVE. 
 
 Were I allowed to kiss your sweet eyes without stint, I 
 would kiss on and on up to three hundred thousand times ; 
 nor even then should I ever have enough, not though our 
 crop of kissing were thicker than the dry ears of the corn-field. 
 
 XLIX. TO MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO. 
 
 Marcus Tullius, most eloquent of the race of Romulus, of 
 all that are, that have been, and that shall be in future years, 
 Catullus thanks you heartily, Catullus the worst of poets — as 
 much the worst of poets as you are the best of all advocates. 
 
 L. TO LICINIUS. 
 
 Yesterday, Licinius, we spent our leisure in writing many 
 sportive things on my tablets, as became men like us. Each 
 of us writing verses of refined wit frolicked now in this mea- 
 sure now in that, interchanging sallies amid mirth and wine. 
 I left the place so fired by your wit and fun, that food had no 
 relish for poor me, nor could sleep veil my eyes in quiet, but 
 
 1 Phrygian fields . . . Asia.] Achilles Statius says, As Phrygia is in 
 Asia, how could Catullus leave Phrygia to go into Asia ? The answer is : 
 Phrygia is in Asia Minor, not in Asia Proper. 
 
 2 Look for invitations, &c] This hunting for invitations does not, ac- 
 cording to modern notions, place the two friends of Catullus in a respect- 
 able light ; but it was a common and avowed practice at Rome. 
 
40 CATULLUS. 
 
 I tossed all about the bed in unconquerable excitement, longing 
 to see the light, that I might talk to you and be with you. 
 
 But after my wearied limbs lay half dead upon my bed, I 
 wrote these lines to you, pleasant friend, that you might per- 
 ceive from them my grief at your absence. Now be not over- 
 weening, and despise not my prayers I entreat you, apple of 
 my eye, lest Nemesis exact penalties from you. She is a 
 vehement goddess ; beware of offending her. 
 
 LI. TO LESBIA.i 
 
 He seems to me to be equal to a god, he seems to me, if it 
 be meet, to surpass the gods, who, sitting opposite to thee, at 
 
 1 To Lesbia.] The first three stanzas of this poem are translated from 
 Sappho's celebrated ode, preserved by Longinus. Ambrose Phillips's 
 well-known version of it will be found in a subsequent page ; here fol- 
 lows one in meagre prose : 
 
 " That man seems to me to be equal to the gods, who sits opposite 
 thee, and hearkens to thee near him sweetly speaking and laughing. This 
 flutters the heart in my breast ; for when I see thee, no voice comes from 
 my throat, but my tongue is silent ; a subtle fire immediately suffuses 
 my skin ; I have no sight in my eyes ; my ears boom ; a cold sweat 
 overspreads me ; trembling seizes me all over ; I am greener than grass, 
 and breathless, I seem all but dead." 
 
 The reader will perceive that Catullus has not translated Sappho's 
 last stanza, but has substituted for it (or some one else has done so) 
 one of a very common-place and inapposite character. It is scarcely 
 credible indeed that Catullus can have written such a piece of bathos at 
 all ; it is more probably the patchwork of some stupid and conceited 
 pedant. Three attempts have been made to supply the missing stanza. 
 One is by Achilles Statius : 
 
 Sudor it late gelidus trementi 
 
 Artubus totis, violamque vincit 
 
 Insidens pallor, moriens nee auras 
 Ducere possum. 
 Another is by Jans Van der Does or Douza : 
 
 Frigidus sudor fluit ; horror artus 
 
 Pallidos herba, magis it per omnes, 
 
 Et pati mortem videor morans in 
 Limine mortis. 
 The third is by Henry Stephens : 
 
 Manat et sudor gelidus, tremorque 
 
 Occupat to tarn ; velut herba pallent 
 
 Ora ; sperandi neque compos, orco 
 Proxima credo. 
 
 II is also to be .remarked, that Catullus has injudiciously omitted to 
 
CATULLUS. 41 
 
 once beholds thee and hears thy sweet laughter; but this 
 takes away all my senses, wretch that I am ; for, as soon as 
 I have looked upon thee, Lesbia, there remains to me \no 
 voice], but my tongue is paralysed ; a subtle flame flows down 
 through my limbs ; my ears ring with their own sound ; both 
 my eyes are veiled in night. 
 
 Ease is baneful to thee, Catullus; thou revellest and de- 
 lightest to excess in ease ; love of ease has ere now destroyed 
 kings and prosperous cities. 
 
 LII. TO HIMSELF. 
 
 Wherefore, Catullus, wherefore dost thou delay to die ? 
 Struma Nonius sits in the curule chair ; Vatinius perjures 
 himself in the consulship. "Wherefore, Catullus, wherefore 
 dost thou delay to die ? 
 
 LTII. ON CALVUS. 
 
 I laughed at some one in the crowd at the Forum, who, 
 when my friend Calvus had marvellously well set forth the 
 crimes of Vatinius, exclaimed in admiration, lifting up his 
 hands : " Great gods, what an eloquent little hop-on-a- 
 stool!" 1 
 
 translate the phrase signifying " sweetly speaking." Horace has caught 
 the spirit of it more faithfully : 
 
 Dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo, 
 Dulce loquentem. 
 1 Eop-an-a-stooL] The word which contains the point of this epigram 
 has been the subject of much debate among the learned. Some read 
 solopachium, meaning " a mannikin eighteen inches high;" Saumasius 
 proposes salopygium, a " wagtail ;" several editors have salaputium, an 
 indelicate word nurses used to children when they fondled them, so that 
 the exclamation would mean, " what a learned little puppet ! " Thus Au- 
 gustus called Horace purissimum penem. The reading to which we have 
 adhered is salicippium, implying that little Calvus perched himself upon 
 a stool. This reading is confirmed by a passage in Seneca, which men- 
 tions the oration against Vatinius, and particularly records the fact that 
 on one occasion at least Calvus imponi se supra cippum jussit, and that 
 his friend Catullus called him salicippium disertum. 
 
42 CATULLUS. 
 
 LIV. TO C^ESAR.i 
 
 Coarse-minded Cassar, I would that, if not everything, 
 at least Otho's very puny head, Vettius's half-washed legs, and 
 Libo's nasty stinking habit, were disliked by you, and by that 
 double-dyed old rogue 2 Fuffitius. You shall again be angered 
 by my honest iambics, unique captain ! 
 
 LV. TO CAMERIUS. 
 
 I beg you will tell me, if it is not an impertinent question, 
 where is your hiding-place. I looked for you in the Lesser 
 Campus, in the Circus, in all the book-shops, in the conse- 
 crated temple of supreme Jove, and likewise in Pompey's pro- 
 menade. I stopped all the girls I met, those more especially 
 whom I saw looking serenely, 3 and demanded you of them, cry- 
 
 1 To Ccesar.] Muretus declared these lines to be utterly unintelligible 
 to any but a sibyl ; and so they are in the form in which they appear in 
 most editions ; but the sense of the amended text, as given by Doering, 
 is clear and pointed. He reads, 
 
 Othonis caput oppido pusillum, 
 Vetti, rustice, semilauta crura, 
 Subtile et leve peditum Libonis, 
 Si non omnia, displicere vellem 
 Tibi, et Fuffitio seni recocto. 
 Irascere iterum meis iambis' 
 Immerentibus, unice imperator. 
 
 2 Double-dyed old rogue.'] Seiii recocto. Horace applies this epithet 
 to one who had often served the office of quinquevir, or proconsul's not- 
 ary, and who was therefore master of all the arts of chicanery. These 
 are his words, Sat. v. lib. 2 : 
 
 Plerumque recoctus 
 Scriba ex quinqueviro corvum deludit hiantcm. 
 A seasoned scrivener, bred in office low, 
 Full often dupes and mocks the gaping crow. Francis. 
 The modern Italians say of a man of this stamp, Egli ha cotto il culo ne' 
 ceci rossi. The phrase seni recocto may also imply one who enjoys a 
 green and vigorous old age, as if made young again, as the old woman 
 was by wine, of whom Petronius speaks, Anus recocta vino ; or iEson, 
 who was re-cooked by Medaea. That witch, says Valerius Flaccus, Re- 
 coquit fessos estate parentes. 
 
 3 Looking serenely.'] " Meaning," says Dr. Nott, " that the lovely 
 tranquillity of every female countenance convinced me you were safe ; for 
 if any accident had happened to you, all the women in the city must have 
 had grief pictured in their faces." " Rather," says Lambe, " supposing 
 
CATULLUS. 43 
 
 ing, " Give me up my Camerius, wicked wantons ! " One of 
 them, baring her bosom, says, " Lo, here he lies hid in these rosy 
 nipples." Now it would be a labour of Hercules to seek you, 
 if that be true, for in such a proud lodging as that you are 
 sure to be " not at home," my friend. Tell me where you are 
 likely to be ; out with it boldly, give it to the light of day. 
 Do the milk-white girls detain you? If you keep a close 
 tongue, you will throw away all the fruits of love; Venus 
 delights in tattling. Or if you will, you may keep your 
 mouth shut, provided I have a share in your friendship. 
 Not if I were that famed guardian of Crete ; l not if I were 
 borne by the flying Pegasus ; not if I were Ladas, 2 or the 
 wing-footed Perseus ; 3 not if Rhesus' 4 swift, snow-white team 
 were mine, — add to these the feather-footed flying sons of 
 Boreas, 5 take too the speed of the winds, and though you 
 should bestow upon me all these put together, still I should 
 be wearied in the marrow of every limb, and eaten up with 
 fatigue upon fatigue in hunting after you, my friend. 
 
 LVI. TO CATO. 6 [See Metrical Version.] 
 
 it probable that any female who looked peculiarly smiling, was rejoicing 
 in the possession of your love, and the knowledge of your place of con- - 
 cealment." The choice between these two interpretations turns upon 
 the meaning to be given to tamen in the line Quas vultu vidi tamen sereno. 
 If the force of the word tamen (however) be thrown on the relative pro- 
 noun, it will give us Nott's view of the passage ; but if it be made to 
 bear upon the antecedent, it will give us Lambe's. Doering adopts the 
 latter construction, and exhibits it in this paraphrase : illas tamen prseci- 
 pue, quas vultum serenum pras se ferre videbam, vel his verbis, ut te mihi 
 redderent, impensius rogabam. 
 
 1 Guardian of Crete.] Talus, a giant with a brazen body, employed 
 by Jove to guard Crete while Europa resided there as his mistress. He 
 went round the whole island every day. • 
 
 2 Ladas.] One of Alexander the Great's couriers, who ran so swiftly 
 as to leave no foot-marks in the sand. 
 
 3 Perseus.] Son of Jupiter and Danae. Mercury lent him his winged 
 sandals to enable him to attack the Gorgons. 
 
 4 Rhesus.] King of Thrace, possessed of very swift horses, on which 
 the fate of Troy depended. 
 
 5 So7is of Boreas.] Calais and Zethus. 
 
 4 To Cato.] L' aventure est trop plaisante ! Tu vas rire mon cher 
 Caton; toi qui aimes les bons contes, tu vas en rire pour 1' amour de 
 moi. Je viens de surprendre un joli enfant, que ma nymphe initiait 
 complaisamment aux plus doux mysteres. J' ai perce le petit drole d' 
 un trait vengeur, et Venus a souri de ma vengeance. Noel. 
 
44 CATULLUS. 
 
 LVII. ON MAMURRA AND C^ISAR. 
 
 Well matched are the infamous reprobates, 1 the pathic 
 Mamurra and Csesar, and no wonder ; for on both foul marks, 
 contracted by the one at Rome, by the other at Formias, are 
 deeply and indelibly impressed. Both libidinous 2 alike, a 
 twin pair, sharing one bed, both dabblers in erudition, 3 the 
 one not a more insatiable lecher than the other, rival allies of 
 the girls — well-matched are these infamous reprobates. 
 
 LVIII. TO C^LIUS* ON LESBIA. 
 
 CLelius, our Lesbia, Lesbia, that Lesbia whom Catullus 
 loved more than himself and all his kin, now in the public 
 streets and in alleys makes herself a common trull to the 
 magnanimous descendants of Remus. 5 
 
 1 Infamous reprobates.'] Improbis cincedis. There is scarcely a phrase 
 in this most atrocious lampoon which we dare reproduce in its loathsome 
 nudity. 
 
 2 Libidinous.'] Morbosi, say the commentators, has the same meaning 
 as pathici. Herodotus says that angry Venus smote the Scythians morbo 
 muliebri. Perhaps the epithet may be elucidated by this line of Juvenal : 
 Caeduntur tumida:, medico ridente, mariscse. 
 
 3 Dabblers in erudition.] Erudituli. We are content, with the ma- 
 jority of commentators, to understand this in a contemptuous, but at least 
 a decent sense. Some, however, will have it that the accomplishments 
 alluded to are not literary, but Priapeian. It is in this sense Petronius 
 calls Gito doctissimus puer. CBzema, a grave German jurist, parodied a 
 part of this piece. His epigram can be read without danger of having 
 one's stomach turned. 
 
 Belle convenit inter elegantes 
 
 Dione's famulas, et eruditos 
 
 Antiquse Themidis meos sodales. 
 
 Nos jus justitiamque profitemur : 
 
 Ilia? semper amant coluntque rectum. 
 " There is a charming coincidence of sentiment between the fair votaries 
 of Venus and my learned brethren : we profess law and justice ; they 
 dearly love the thing that is upright. 
 
 4 Ccelius.] This is conjectured to have been Cselius Rufus, Catullus's 
 rival in the affection of Lesbia, supposing — which is again conjectural — 
 that she was the sister of Clodius. 
 
 5 O Ccelius, &c] Nothing can exceed the sad sweetness of the first 
 three of these five verses ; but that villanous glubit in the last line is 
 enough to poison all the waters of Aganippe. 
 
CATULLUS. 45 
 
 LIX. ON RUFA. 
 
 Can it be that Rufa of Bononia, the wife of Menius, cajoles 
 the consequential Rufulus ? That Rufa whom you have seen 
 in the burial-grounds snatching a meal from the funeral pile, 
 and who, when she prowled for the bread that rolled down 
 out of the fire, was beaten by the half-shaved body-burner ? 
 
 LX. FRAGMENT. 
 
 Did a lioness on the Libyan mountains, or Scylla barking 
 with the part below her groins, bring thee forth of so hard 
 and savage a mind that thou shouldst hold in contempt the 
 voice of a suppliant in extremity ? too savage-hearted ! 
 
 LXI. EPITHALAMIUM. 
 ON THE MARRIAGE OF MANLIUS AND JULIAN 
 
 Dweller on the hill of Helicon, offspring of Urania, who 
 snatchest away the tender virgin to the bridegroom, Hymen ! 
 O Hymen ! 
 
 Bind thy brows with blossoms of the fragrant marjoram ; 
 take thy flame-coloured veil; 2 hither, hither come, joyous, 
 wearing the yellow sandal 3 on thy snow-white foot; 
 
 And roused by this glad day, carolling nuptial songs with 
 silvery voice, beat the ground with thy feet, shake the pine 
 torch in thy hand. 
 
 For Julia — lovely as Idalian Venus when she came before 
 
 1 Fpithalamium, &c] The Epitlialamium was a poem sung by youths 
 or virgins, or both, when the bride was brought to the bridegroom and 
 placed in the thalamus or bridal bed; hence the name, from £7ri and 
 SaXa/xog. Of Julia no more is known than that her cognomen Aurun- 
 culeia was that of the Cotta family ; but Manlius of the illustrious line of 
 the Torquati, is a well-known character. Catullus commemorates his 
 friendship in another poem. 
 
 2 Flame-coloured veil.'] The Flammeum, which the bride put on be- 
 fore she proceeded to her husband's house. It covered her from head 
 to foot, and its bright saffron or flame colour is supposed to have been 
 intended as another means of concealing her blushes. 
 
 3 Yellow sandal.] This has always been given to Hymen by the poets. 
 It is more usual to crown him with roses than with marjoram. 
 
46 CATULLUS. 
 
 the Phrygian judge — Julia, a virgin good, with good omen 
 weds Manlius, 1 — 
 
 Julia, shining forth as the myrtle on Asian ground 2 with 
 its blossomed branches, which the Hamadryads nourish with 
 dewy moisture to be the scene of their sports. 
 
 Come then ; wending hither, forsake the Aonian grottoes of 
 the Thespian rock, over which flows the cool water of 
 Aganippe. 
 
 And call home the lady yearning for her bridegroom, bind- 
 ing her mind with love, as the clinging ivy enfolds the tree, 3 
 spreading its sprays all over it. 
 
 And you too, joining with us, chaste virgins for whom a 
 like day approaches, come, repeat in measure, Hymen, O 
 Hymen ! 
 
 That so much the more willingly hearing himself summoned 
 to his office, the conductor of chaste Venus, the conjoiner of 
 true love, may wend his way hither. 
 
 What god, oh what god, is more worthy to be invoked by 
 lovers ? Which of the celestials should men worship more ? 
 Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 Thee the anxious parent invokes for his children ; for thee 
 virgins loose the zone from their bosoms ; 4 thee the agitated 
 bridegroom listens for with craving ear. 
 
 Thou givest to the arms of the fiery youth the blooming 
 maid, snatched from her mother's bosom. Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 No indulgence can Venus take without thee which fair 
 fame approves ; but with thy consent she may. What power 
 may be compared with this god ? 
 
 No house can have heirs without thee, no parent race be 
 
 1 Julia, a virgin, &c] Julia will her Manlius wed, 
 
 Good with good, a blessed bed. Leigh Hunt. 
 
 2 Asian ground.'] A marshy tract of land, with a town on it of the 
 same name, between the river Cayster and Mount Tmolus. 
 
 3 As the clinging ivy, &c.] This natural simile is constantly recurring 
 in the poets ; and their fondness for it is fully justified by its beauty. In 
 Shakspeare, Titania thus addresses her monstrous idol, Bottom : 
 
 Sleep thou, and I will wind thee in my arms ; 
 Fairies, begone, and be all ways away ! 
 So doth the woodbine the sweet honeysuckle 
 Gently entwist ; the female ivy so 
 Enrings the barky fingers of the elm. 
 1 Loose the zone, &c] See the last note to Poem viii. 
 
CATULLUS. 47 
 
 prolonged in its progeny ; but with thy consent it may. What 
 power may be compared with this god ? 
 
 The land that lacks thy rites cannot give itself magistrates ; l 
 but with thy consent it may. What power may be compared 
 with this god ? 
 
 Gates, unfold your wings ! The virgin is at hand. See 
 you how the torches shake their gleaming hair ? But thou 
 tarriest ; the day is waning ; come, bride, come ! 
 
 Ingenuous shame retards her, and she weeps more and 
 more, hearing that she must needs advance. But thou tarri- 
 est ; the day is waning ; come, bride, come ! 
 
 Cease to weep ; there is no danger for thee, Aurunculeia, 
 that any fairer woman shall see the bright day coming up 
 from the ocean. 
 
 So stands the hyacinth amidst the varied bloom of a rich 
 owner's garden. But thou tarriest ; the day is waning ; 
 come, bride, come ! 
 
 Come, bride, come, (now she is in sight,) and hear our 
 words. See you how the torches shake their golden hair ? 
 Come, bride, come ! 
 
 Not like a profligate sunk in vile adultery, not in pursuit of 
 base pleasures, will thy husband wish to rest apart from thy 
 tender breast. 
 
 As the clinging vine entwines its companion tree, will he be 
 entwined in thy embrace. But the day is waning ; come, 
 bride, come ! 
 
 O white-footed bed, 2 
 
 What joys await thy master, what joys in the rayless 
 night and in the noon-day. But the day is waning ; come, 
 bride, come ! 
 
 Lift up your torches, boys, I see the flame-coloured veil 
 approaching. Come, carol in measure, Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 1 Magistrates.] Before the time of the Caesars those of illegitimate birth 
 were excluded from all magisterial offices. 
 
 2 Three lines are wanting here. 
 
 3 Here we omit some lines which foully disfigure this beautiful poem. 
 They are thus rendered by Noel : 
 
 Que les airs retentissent de vos chansons folatres ; la fete permet un 
 peu de licence ; et toi, favori d' hier, delaisse" aujourdhui, jette a, ces 
 enfans les noix que 1' usage leur abandonne. 
 
48 CATULLUS. 
 
 It is said of thee, essenced bridegroom, that thou canst 
 hardly abstain from thy illicit joys ; but abstain. Hymen, 
 Hymen ! 
 
 We know that only those delights have been known to thee 
 which are allowed ; but those same delights are not allowable 
 for a married man. Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 And thou too, bride, beware of refusing what thy husband 
 craves, lest he go and seek it elsewhere. Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 Lo, what a potent and prosperous house thou hast in thy 
 husband's, which shall obey thee for ever ; Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 Until white-haired age nods perpetual assent with thy 
 tremulous head. Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 Bear thy golden feet with a good omen over the threshold, 1 
 and enter the polished gates. Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 Look how thy husband, reclining within on the purple 
 couch, expects thee with his whole soul. Hymen, O Hymen ! 
 
 A flame glows in his inmost breast, no less than in thine, 
 but with deeper searching fire. Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 Ce jeu de leur age ne convient plus au tien. L' Hymen dont Manlius 
 suit les loix, rend desormais ton ministere inutile. 
 
 Hier encore, fier de la faveur du maitre, tu dedaignais les avances des 
 jeunes filles. Aujourdhui tes beaux cheveux vont tomber sous le fer ; 
 favori disgracie, donne a ces enfans les noix qu' ils attendent. 
 
 " This coarse imitation of the Fescennine poems," says Dunlop, (His- 
 tory of Roman Literature,) " leaves on our minds a stronger impression 
 of the prevalence and extent of Roman vices, than any other passage in 
 the Latin classics. Martial, and Catullus himself elsewhere, have branded 
 their enemies ; and Juvenal, in bursts of satiric indignation, has re- 
 proached his countrymen with the blackest crimes. But here in a com- 
 plimentary poem to a patron and intimate friend, these are jocularly 
 alluded to as the venial indulgence of his earliest youth." 
 
 1 Over the threshold.'] The bride entering her husband's house was 
 lifted over the threshold, that she might not touch it. Various reasons 
 have been assigned for this, among others, that the threshold was sacred 
 to Vesta, the goddess of chastity, who might be offended at the nuptials ; 
 or that the bride should avoid touching any spell which some jealous 
 rival might have secretly laid there. Perhaps the true reason is less 
 recondite. Cicero speaks of the offensio 2^eclis, (striking the threshold with 
 the foot,) generally as an ill omen ; and Ovid and Tibullus both mention 
 it as to be avoided at the outset of any undertaking. Shakspeare, Henry 
 VI., part 3, makes Gloucester say, on finding the gates of York closed 
 against him and Edward IV., 
 
 " The gates made fast ! Brother, I like not this ; 
 For many men, that stumble at the threshold, 
 Are well foretold that danger lurks within." 
 
CATULLUS. 49 
 
 Let go the maiden's arm, smooth, purple-robed boy, 1 and 
 let her now go to her husband's bed. Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 You, worthy matrons, known for your faithfulness to your 
 aged husbands, place the maiden. 2 Hymen, Hymen ! 
 
 Now, bridegroom, thou mayest come ; thy wife is in the 
 bridal chamber, her blooming face shining like the white 
 camomile and the yellow poppy. 3 
 
 But, so help me the celestials, thou bridegroom art no less 
 handsome, nor does Venus neglect thee. But the day is 
 waning ; forward ! make no delay. 
 
 Thou hast not long delayed ; thou comest now ; may kind 
 Venus aid thee, since thou takest openly what thou desirest, 
 nor dost thou make a secret of thy virtuous love. 
 
 Let him first compute the number of the Eed Sea's sands, 
 or of the glittering stars, who would count your many thou- 
 sand sports and joys. 
 
 Sport to your hearts' content, and soon produce children : 
 
 1 Purple-robed boy.~] This was the paranymphus, whose province it 
 was to escort the bride home ; he was chosen of noble birth, and there- 
 fore wore the prcetexta or garb bordered with purple. 
 
 2 Place the maiden.'] Widows, and matrons who had contracted a 
 second marriage, were disqualified for this office. 
 
 3 White camomile, &c] Commentators have expended a world of 
 labour in endeavouring to identify the parthenice, which we have rendered 
 " camomile," in accordance with what seems to us the most plausible 
 conjecture. The " yellow poppy," luteum papaver, suggests to the 
 English reader an unfortunate image which was certainly not contem- 
 plated by Catullus. According to Parthenias, the poet's meaning is, that 
 the fair complexion of the bride looks as beautiful through her yellow 
 marriage veil, as the white blossom of the parthenice does beside the 
 yellow poppy. Dr. Nott thinks this interpretation ingenious, but un- 
 sound, for, he says, " When the bride is in bed (uxor in thalamo est) we 
 must suppose the flammeum or veil thrown aside : there is then no apt- 
 ness in the comparison, which evidently relates to her blooming counten- 
 ance (os floridulum) : I should rather think luteus was meant to express 
 a colour bordering on red. We are very ignorant of the true meaning of 
 Latin words that have a reference to colours." Admitted : but luteus is 
 one of the least ambiguous words of its class, and is decidedly more sug- 
 gestive of jaundice than of the roseate hue of youthful beauty. And 
 why must we suppose that the act of removing the bride's veil was not a 
 pleasure and a privilege reserved for the bridegroom himself, as is the 
 custom among some oriental nations to this day? In the celebrated 
 Aldobrandini fresco-painting, found in the baths of Titus, the bride is 
 seated veiled on a bed, with the pronuba or bridesmatron near her, whilst 
 the bridegroom sits at the foot of the bed. 
 
 E 
 
50 CATULLUS. 
 
 it is not meet that so ancient a name should be without chil- 
 dren, but that heirs to it should be engendered evermore. 1 
 
 I long to see a little Torquatus, 2 stretching out his tender 
 hands from his mother's bosom, smile sweetly at his father 
 with little lips half-opened. 
 
 May he be like his father Manlius, and easily recognised by 
 every stranger, so that he shall attest his mother's chastity 
 with his face. 
 
 And may a fair repute approve his birth from his good 
 mother, such a rare fame as devolved from his excellent 
 mother on Telemachus, the son of Penelope. 
 
 Close the doors, virgins ; 3 we have sported enough. And 
 
 1 Engendered.'] Indidem semper ingenerari. The 'word, indidem is not 
 superfluous ; it emphasizes the wish that the heirs should be of the same 
 race, not adopted from other families. 
 
 2 A Utile Torquatus.] Parvtdus Torquatus. 
 
 Si quis mihi parvulus aula 
 
 Luderet iEneas, qui te tantuin ore referret ; 
 says Virgil's Dido : but there the parallel necessarily ceased ; the charm- 
 ing image which accompanies the same wish in Catullus, could not be 
 expressed by the forsaken queen. Biacca, the Italian translator, has been 
 happy in his version of this passage : 
 
 M' auguro de' Torquati un figlio erede 
 
 Veder scherzando della madre in seno, 
 
 Con la tenera man cercar le poppe ; 
 
 E con la bocca ridente e mezza aperta, 
 
 Quasi voglia parlar, volgersi al padre. 
 It has been thus imitated by Sir William Jones : 
 
 And soon, to be completely blest, 
 Soon may a young Torquatus rise, 
 
 Who, hanging on his mother's breast, 
 To his known sire shall turn his eyes, 
 
 Outstretch his infant arms awhile, 
 
 Half ope his little lips and smile. 
 
 3 Close the doors, virgins.] The virgins addressed are those who accom- 
 panied the bride in the procession. Some suppose, however, that 'the 
 Muses are meant, and cite in favour of that opinion Ovid's distich, 
 
 Conscius ecce duos accepit lectus amantes ; 
 Ad thalami clausas, Musa, resiste fores. 
 " The conscious bed has received the loving pair ; halt, Muse, before the 
 closed door of the bridal chamber." 
 
 This epithalamium, says Noel, is incontestably the paragon of all 
 poems of its kind. Those who would compare it with others, may 
 refer to Seneca's tragedy of Medea for the epithalamium of Jason 
 and Creusa, chanted by the chorus ; to Statius, for that of Stella and 
 
CATULLUS. 5 1 
 
 now live happily, well-matched pair, and exercise unceasingly 
 the functions of your lusty youth. 
 
 LXII. NUPTIAL SONG.i 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Hesperus is here, arise, youths, together; Hespe-rus 2 is 
 just now lifting his long-expected light in the heavens. It is 
 now time to rise^ and leave the rich tables. Now will the 
 virgin come ; now let the hymenaeal song be raised. Hymen, 
 Hymen, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 Virgins, do you see the youths ? Rise up against them. 
 Doubtless the evening star shows its GEtrean fires. 3 It is so 
 indeed. Do you see how swiftly they have rushed forth? 
 They have not rushed forth for nothing; they will sing what 
 it is for you to surpass. Hymen, Hymen, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 No easy triumph awaits us, comrades. Look how the vir- 
 gins muse and meditate together; nor do they meditate in 
 vain ; they have found something worthy of memory. We 
 have divided our attention, giving our minds to one thing, our 
 ears to another; 4 justly therefore shall we be defeated; vic- 
 
 Violantella ; and to Claudian, for that of Honorius and Marca, the 
 daughter of Stilicho. The modern Latin poets have frequently employed 
 themselves upon this subject. A great number of specimens will be found 
 in the Delicice. I will only mention two : Buchanan's epithalamium on 
 Francis II. and the unfortunate Mary Stuart, and one by another Scot, 
 Thorn. Bhcedus. The former is remarkable for grandeur of thought and 
 pomp of style ; the other for the elaborate oddity of its libertine allusions. 
 
 1 Nuptial Song.~\ This is an epithalamium as well as the preceding 
 poem, but there is no evidence to support the conjecture of Achilles 
 Statins that it was made on the same marriage. 
 
 8 HesperusJ] The evening star. Its rising was the signal for conduct- 
 ing the bride in procession to the bridegroom's house. 
 
 3 (Etcean fires.] Rising from Mount CEta in Thessaly. 
 
 4 We have divided, &c] Nos alio mentes, alio divisimus aures. Dr. 
 Nott understands this to mean, We have suffered our attention to be 
 diverted from the matter in hand, by the beauty and the sweet voices of 
 the virgins. But the words cannot possibly admit of such a construction. 
 The Delphin editor's interpretation is, We direct our minds to one thing, 
 our ears to another ; and this brings us half-way to the clearer explana- 
 
 e 2 
 
52 CATULLUS. 
 
 tory favours diligence. Wherefore, now at least apply your 
 minds to your task; the virgins will presently begin their 
 strain ; you will presently have to reply. Hymen, Hymen, 
 hither, Hymen! 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 Hesperus, what more cruel light does heaven bear than 
 thine ? who canst tear the child from her mother's embrace, 
 tear from her mother's embrace the child that clings fast to 
 it, 1 and bestow the chaste girl on a hot youth. What worse 
 than this could enemies do in a captured city ? Hymen, Hy- 
 men, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Hesperus, what more cheerful light shines in heaven than 
 thine ? who ratifiest with thy beams the compacts of wed- 
 lock which lovers and parents have previously made, but 
 which they never fulfil before thy fires have risen. What is 
 there in the gift of the gods more desirable than that blissful 
 hour ? Hymen, Hymen, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 Hesperus has taken from us one of our companions. 2 * * * * 
 At thy appearance the wakeful guard is set, spoilers 3 always 
 prowl by night, and often, Hesperus, returning with an altered 
 name, 4 thou catchest them still in the fact. Hymen, Hymen, 
 hither, Hymen ! 
 
 tion given by Vulpius, namely, that the young men, having to improvise 
 their responses, must attend to what the virgins sing, and think at the 
 same time of what they shall reply. 
 
 1 Clings to it.] This is not merely a metaphorical expression. It was 
 a part of the established etiquette of the marriage procession, that it 
 should begin with forcing away the daughter, whilst she pretended to 
 cling to her mother with all her might. This custom is said to have been 
 instituted in commemoration of the rape of the Sabines. 
 
 2 There is here a line lost of the original : its import must have been 
 to charge Hesperus with furtive propensities, proof of which is offered in 
 the lines that follow. Another hiatus at the end of the virgins' part, pro- 
 bably involves no more than the burden. 
 
 3 Spoilers.'] Fures, thieves, meaning lovers; for by almost every 
 Latin poet, lovers are called fures, and amours furta. 
 
 4 Altered name.] The same planet that at night is called Hesperus, 
 is in the morning called Phosphorus or Lucifer. It is the first star to 
 rise, and the last to set. 
 
CATULLUS. 53 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 The virgins are pleased to attack thee with feigned re- 
 proaches. What if they attack whom they in their secret 
 hearts desire ? Hymen, Hymen, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 As a flower grows sequestered in a fenced garden, unknown 
 to the cattle, bruised by no ploughshare, whilst the breezes 
 freshen it, the sun gives it strength, and the shower nourishes 
 it ; many a youth, many a girl covets it. But when plucked 
 from its tender stem and faded, no youths, no girls covet it. 
 So whilst the virgin remains untouched, she is dear to her 
 kindred ; but when she has lost her chaste flower from her 
 polluted body, she remains no longer pleasing to youths, nor 
 dear to maids. 1 Hymen, Hymen, hither, Hymen ! 
 
 1 As a floicer, &c] This exquisite passage has been imitated times 
 ■without number, but by no poet so closely as by Ariosto, cant. i. 42. 
 
 La verginella e simile alia rosa, 
 
 Che 'n bel giardin su la nativa spina, 
 
 Mentre sola, e sicura si riposa, 
 
 Ne gregge, ne pastor se le avvicina ; 
 
 L' aura soave, e 1' alba rugiadosa, 
 
 L' acqua, la terra al suo favor s" inchina . 
 
 Giovini vaghi, e donne innamorate 
 
 Amano averne e seni, e tempie ornate. 
 
 Ma non si tosto dal materno stelo 
 
 Rimossa viene, e dal suo ceppe verde, 
 
 Che, quanto avea da gli uomini, el dal cielo, 
 
 Favor, grazia, e bellezza, tutto perde. 
 
 La vergine, che '1 fior, di che piu. zelo 
 
 Che de' begli occhi, e della vita, aver de, 
 
 Lascia altrui corre, il pregio, ch' avea innanti, 
 
 Perde nel cor di tutti gli altri amanti. 
 Tasso has certainly had Catullus in view, while drawing a different moral 
 from the same subject : 
 
 Deh ! mira (egli canto) spuntar la rosa 
 
 Dal verde suo modesta, e verginella, 
 
 Che mezzo aperta ancora, e mezzo ascosa, 
 
 Quanto si mostra men tanto e piu bella 
 
 Ecco poi nudo it sen gia baldanzosa 
 
 Dispiega, ecco poi langue, e non par quella, 
 
 Quella non par, che desiata avanti 
 
 Fu da mille donzelle, e mille amanti. 
 
54 CATULLUS. 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 As the unwedded vine which grows in a naked field, never 
 lifts its head, never matures a mellow grape, but bending 
 prone its tender body under its own weight, touches its top- 
 most shoot with its root ; no hinds, no herdsmen cherish it ; 
 but if perchance it be united with a husband elm, many hinds, 
 many herdsmen cherish it : so the virgin, whilst she remains 
 untouched, grows old, uncared for; when she has secured a 
 fit union in due season, she is dearer to her spouse, and less 
 irksome to her parent. 
 
 YOUTHS AND VIRGINS. 
 
 Then offer no resistance, virgin, to such a spouse as thine. 
 It is not right to resist one to whom thy father has given thee, 
 thy father himself with thy mother whom thou must obey. 
 Thy virginity is not wholly thine own ; it is partly thy pa- 
 rents'. One third of it belongs to thy father, another to thy 
 
 Cosi trapassa al trapassar d' un giorno 
 Delia vita mortale il fiore, e '1 verde, 
 Ne perche faccia in dietro april ritorno 
 Si rinfiori ella mai, ne si renverde. 
 Cogliam la rosa in su '1 mattino adorno 
 Di questo di, che tosto il seren perde, 
 Cogliam d' amor la rosa : amiamo or, quando 
 Esser si puote riamato amando. 
 Thus exquisitely rendered by Spencer, Faery Queen, b. ii. c. 12 : 
 The whiles some one did chaunt this lovely lay : 
 
 " Ah ! see, whoso fayre thing doest faine to see, 
 In springing flowre the image of thy day ! 
 Ah ! see the virgin rose, how sweetly she 
 Doth first peepe foorth with bashfull modestie, 
 That fairer seemes the lesse ye see her may ! 
 Lo see soone after how more bold and free 
 Her bared bosome she doth broad display ; 
 Lo ! see soone after how she fades and falls away ! 
 
 " So passeth, in the passing of a day, 
 
 Of mortal life the leafe, the bud, the flowre ; 
 Ne more doth flourish after first decay, 
 
 That erst was sought to deck both bed and bowre 
 
 Of many a lady, and many a paramoure ! 
 Gather therefore the rose whilest yet is prime, 
 
 For soone comes age that will her pride deflowre ; 
 Gather the rose of love whilest yet is time, 
 Whilest loving thou mayst loved be with equal crime." 
 
CATULLUS. 55 
 
 mother, the remaining third alone is thine : do not strive 
 against two parents who have bestowed their own rights 
 along with thy dower on their son-in-law. Hymen, Hymen, 
 hither Hymen ! 
 
 LXIII. ON ATYS.' 
 
 Borne over the deep seas in a swift bark, Atys eagerly 
 touched the Phrygian forest with hurried foot, and went to 
 the gloomy, wood-covered grounds of the goddess ; where, 
 goaded by raging madness, he emasculated himself with a 
 sharp flint. 
 
 So when he found his limbs bereft of manhood, and while 
 still spotting the ground with fresh blood, this new-made wo- 
 man 11 hurriedly took in her snowy hands the light timbrel, 
 the timbrel and the trumpet 3 proper to thy initiatory rites, 
 mighty mother Cybele, and, shaking the hollow bull's hide in 
 her tender fingers, she began, quivering with excitement, to 
 sing thus to her followers : 
 
 " Come, speed ye together, Gallae, 4 to Cybele's deep forests ; 
 
 1 Atys.~] This poem, unique in subject and in metre, is spoken of by 
 Gibbon with enthusiasm. " Perhaps," says Ramsay, " the greatest of 
 all our poet's works is the Atys, one of the most remarkable poems in 
 the whole range of Latin literature. Rolling impetuously along in a flood 
 of wild passion, bodied forth in the grandest imagery and the noblest 
 diction, it breathes in every line the frantic spirit of orgiastic worship, 
 the fiery vehemence of the Greek dithyramb." It is the only specimen 
 we have in Latin of the Galliambic measure ; so called because sung by 
 the Galli, the emasculated votaries of Cybele. The Romans under the 
 republic, being a more sober and severe people than the Greeks, gave less 
 encouragement than they to the celebration of orgiastic rites, such as 
 those of Bacchus and Cybele, and have left few examples of dithyrambic 
 poetry. 
 
 2 This new-made woman.~\ These words are a prosaic substitute for 
 the abrupt transition to the feminine gender, which is so striking in the 
 original. 
 
 s Timbrel.'] Tympanum. An instrument like the modern tambourine, 
 but without its jingling metallic appendages. The Cymbalum was a small 
 cup-like brazen instrument with a handle. Vossius reads tympanum 
 tubam, without a comma interposed, and understands the passage to 
 mean, " the tympanum which serves in lieu of a trumpet in the mys- 
 teries of Cybele." This reading is authorized by Suidas, who says ex- 
 pressly, that the only instruments used in those rites were the tympanum 
 And flagellum. 
 
 4 GallceA Catullus substitutes the feminine form Gallae for the mascu- 
 
56 CATULLUS. 
 
 speed ye together, roving cattle of the mistress of Dindymus ; l 
 who seeking foreign lands, like exiles, following my sect, led 
 by me, have borne as my comrades the rapid salt-sea wave, 
 the fierceness of the deep, and have unmanned your bodies 
 in intense hatred of Venus ; gladden your souls with frenzied 
 excitement ; let dull delay begone from your minds ; speed 
 ye together ; follow to the Phrygian home of Cybele, to the 
 goddess's Phrygian forests, where the cymbals resound, where 
 the timbrels roar aloud, where the Phrygian flutist drones on 
 the curved pipe, where the ivy-crowned Maenades 2 wildly 
 toss their heads, where they ply their hallowed mysteries 
 with piercing yells ; where that roving train of the goddesses 
 is wont to run to and fro, thither it befits us to hasten in 
 quick-step dancing measure." 
 
 When Atys, the new-made woman, thus sang to her mates, 
 the whole rout 3 forthwith yelled with quivering tongues, the 
 light timbrel booms, the hollow cymbals clash, and up to 
 Ida goes the impetuous rout with hurried steps ; with them 
 goes Atys with her timbrel, raving, panting, like one lost 
 and demented, and leads the way through the murky forests, 
 like an unbroke heifer shunning the burthen of the yoke. 
 Swiftly the Gallas follow their hasty-footed leader. 4 So when 
 they reach the home of Cybele, wearied with excessive exer- 
 tion, they fall asleep fasting. Heavy sleep covers their droop- 
 ing eyes with languor, and their raving phrensy subsides in 
 soft repose. 
 
 line Galli, the ordinary name of the emasculated priests of Cybele. They 
 were so called from Gallus, a river of Phrygia, the water of which mad- 
 dened those who drank it. 
 
 1 Dindymus.~\ A part of Mount Ida, sacred to Cybele. 
 
 2 Mcenades.] Women devoted to the service of Bacchus or of Cybele ; 
 for many things were common to the rites of both deities. The name is 
 derived from fiaivfcrOat, to rave. 
 
 3 The whole rout.'] Thiasus is properly a chorus of sacred singers and 
 dancers, living in community, like a college of dervishes, who, indeed, 
 are an exact counterpart of the Galli as regards their howling and dancing 
 ritual, but have the advantage of their predecessors in one important 
 particular. 
 
 4 Hasty-footed leader .] We adopt the suggestion of Vossius, who ob- 
 jects to the tautology of the common reading, Rapidce ducem sequuntur 
 Gallce propero pede. For propero pede he substitutes properipedem, which, 
 as he further observes, is more conformable to the style of this poem, in 
 which Catullus affects the use of compound words, such as hederigera, 
 sonipedibus, herifugce, sylvicultrix, nemorivagus, &c. 
 
CATULLUS. 57 
 
 But when the sun surveyed with the radiant eyes of his 
 golden face the aether, and the firm land, and the wild sea, 
 and chased the shades of night with his sonorous-footed steeds, 
 then Sleep swiftly fled from awakened Atys, and the divine 
 Pasithea 1 received the fugitive to her bosom. So when, her 
 madness allayed by soothing rest, Atys reflected on her own 
 acts, and saw with lucid mind what she had lost, and where 
 she was, again with surging soul she retraced her way to the 
 shore. There, gazing on the vast sea with streaming eyes, the 
 sorrowing wretch thus piteously apostrophized her native land. 
 
 " My country ! creatress, parent country ! which I, 
 wretch, forsaking, as fugitive slaves forsake their masters, 
 fled to the forests of Ida, to dwell amid snow and the chill 
 dens of wild beasts, and to roam frantically among all their 
 lairs ! Where, in what quarter, shall I now deem thee placed, 
 my country ? My very eyeball longs to turn its rays to thee, 
 whilst my mind is for a brief while free from fierce delirium. 
 Must I roam these woods remote from my own home ? Must 
 I dwell far away from my country, from all I possess, from 
 my friends, my parents ; far from the forum, the palaestra, the 
 stadium, and the gymnasia? 2 O wretched, wretched soul ! for 
 ever and for ever must I wail. For what kind of form is 
 there that I have not worn ? I have been man, 3 youth, strip- 
 ling, boy. I was the flower of the gymnasium and the pride 
 of the wrestling ground. My gate, my hospitable threshold 
 was thronged, my home was hung with flowery chaplets, 4 when 
 
 1 Pasithea.~\ One of the three Graces, whom Juno bestowed in mar- 
 riage on the god of sleep for exerting his power over Jupiter, while Juno 
 was assisting the Trojans. 
 
 2 The forum, &c.] Atys enumerates the recreations of his manhood : 
 the public spectacles of the forum ; the wrestling ground {palaestra) ; the 
 race course {stadium); and the schools for gymnastic exercises. 
 
 3 A man.'] Puber. We adopt without hesitation this amended reading 
 of Scaliger's instead of mulier, which is irreconcilable with the general 
 tenor of the passage. 
 
 4 Hung with floicery chaplets.] It was customary with lovers to hang 
 garlands before the doors of the beloved. See Tibullus, book i. El. ii. 
 There are some beautiful lines on this subject by a modern poet, Angeri- 
 anus, translated by Moore : 
 
 Ante fores madidae sic sic pendete corollae, 
 
 Mane orto imponet Caelia vos capiti ; 
 At quum per niveam cervicem influxerit humor, 
 
 Dicite, non roris sed pluvia heec lacrymae. 
 
58 CATULLUS. 
 
 I had to leave my couch at sunrise. Must I rank as a vota- 
 ress of the gods, as Cybele's bondsmaid ? Must I be a Mienas, 
 a part of myself, a sterile man ? Must I dwell in green Ida's 
 snow-clad regions, and pass my life under the lofty peaks of 
 Phrygia, where dwell the sylvan stag, and the forest-ranging 
 boar ? Now do I grieve, now do I repent what I have done." 
 
 When these sounds escaped her rosy lips, 1 then Cybele, un- 
 yoking the lions from her chariot, and pricking the left hand 
 foe of the herd, thus speaks : " Up, fierce beast, up, she says ; 
 go, hence with him, in madness, make him return hence, smit- 
 ten with madness, into the forest, who audaciously desires to 
 fly from my sway. Up ! beat thy flanks with thy tail ; lash 
 thyself; make the whole region resound with thy roaring. 
 Toss fiercely thy tawny mane on thy brawny neck." — So said 
 terrific Cybele, and unfastened the yokes with her hand. The 
 beast, inciting himself, pricks up his impetuous spirit, runs, 
 roars, and breaks down the bushes in his headlong course. 
 But when he reached the verge of the foam-whitened shore, 
 and saw soft Atys near the breakers, he made a rush. The 
 bewildered wretch fled into the wild forest, and there he re- 
 mained all his life long a bondsmaid 2 to Cybele. 
 
 Goddess, mighty goddess, goddess lady of Dindymus, far 
 from my house be all thy fury, dread mistress : goad others 
 to such rage ; madden others ; but leave me free. 
 
 LXIV. THE MARRIAGE OF PELEUS AND THETIS. 5 
 
 Pines that grew on Mount Pelion are said to have swum 
 through Neptune's liquid waves to the banks of the river 
 
 By Caslia's arbour all the night 
 
 Hang, humid wreath, the lover's vow ; 
 And haply, at the morning light, 
 
 My love shall twine thee round her brow. 
 Then, if upon her bosom bright 
 
 Some drops of dew shall fall from thee, 
 Tell her, they are not drops of night, 
 
 But tears of sorrow shed by me. 
 
 1 Rosy lips.] The line beginning Geminas Deorum is condemned as 
 spurious by the best commentators. We have not translated it. 
 
 2 A bondsmaid.'] Famula. This mingling of two genders in the same 
 sentence exists in the original. 
 
 3 The Marriage of Peleus and Thetis.] This longest and most elaborate 
 
CATULLUS. 59 
 
 Phasis l and the iEetaean confines ; when chosen young men, 
 the flower of the stout Argive youth, desiring to carry off 
 the Golden Fleece 2 from Colchis, dared to traverse the salt 
 seas in a fleet ship, sweeping the azure plains with oars of iir. 
 The goddess who holds the citadels in the high places of 
 towns, 3 herself made for them the chariot that flew with a 
 light breath of wind, connecting the knitted pine timbers 4 
 with the curved keel. That ship first acquainted inexperi- 
 enced Amphi trite 5 with navigation. As soon as it clove the 
 windy sea with its prow, and the oar-tortured wave grew 
 white with foam, wild faces emerged out of the whitening 
 deep, namely, the marine Nereids, wondering at the prodigy ; 6 
 on that day, and no other, mortal eyes saw sea-nymphs with 
 naked bodies exposed to the breasts from out the hoary wa- 
 ters. Then Peleus is said to have been inflamed with love 
 for Thetis ; then Thetis did not despise human nuptials ; then 
 father Jove himself consented that Peleus should be united 
 to Thetis. 7 
 
 O heroes born in that happier age, hail, progeny of gods ! 
 
 of the poems of Catullus has been erroneously styled an Epithalamium, 
 for no other reason than because it treats of a marriage. We might be 
 content to reject the misnomer in silence, were it not that it has been 
 made the pretext for some very silly criticism, according to which we are 
 to regard the poem as altogether void of method and symmetry, a mere 
 tissue of splendid faults ; and this because its structure does not conform 
 to that of the epithalamium, a species of composition with which it has 
 no affinity. It is wonderful how much there is in a name. Call the 
 poem, with Gurlitt, a small Epos, which it really is, and you take away 
 all ground for objection, especially as to the length of the episode of 
 Ariadne, which no man of taste would wish to shorten by a single line. 
 
 1 Phasis.'] A river of Colchis, up which the Argonauts sailed to the 
 capital of king iEetes, the father of Medea. 
 
 2 Golden Fleece.] The expedition of the Argonauts to rob y£etas, king 
 of Colchis, of the golden fleece, is narrated by Ovid, and is the subject of 
 a Greek poem by Apollonius Rhodius, and of a Latin poem by Valerius 
 Flaccus. 
 
 3 The goddess, &c] Minerva. 
 
 * Knitted pine timbers.] Pinea texta. To build ships is in Latin texere 
 naves ; and the shipbuilder's yard is textrinum. 
 
 5 Amphitrite.] The wife of Neptune, here put for the sea. 
 
 6 Wondering at the prodigy.] The reader of the original will not fail 
 to note the fine effect produced by making admirantes the ending of a 
 spondaic hexameter. 
 
 7 Jove consented. &c] Jupiter had himself intended to marry Thetis, 
 but, learning from Prometheus that she was fated to bear a son who should 
 eclipse the glory of his father, he bestowed her on his grandson Peleus. 
 
60 CATULLUS. 
 
 good mother l of the brave! Often will I invoke thee in my 
 song ; and thee too so surpassingly honoured by thy happy 
 marriage, Thessalia's bulwark, Peleus, to whom Jupiter him- 
 self, the father of the gods himself, resigned his love. Did 
 Thetis, fairest daughter of Neptune, accept thee? Did 
 Tethys grant thee to wed her grandchild, and did Oceanus 
 consent, who embraces the whole globe with the sea ? 
 
 Now when in due time the longed-for day was come, all 
 Thessaly thronged to the abode of Peleus; the palace is filled 
 by the joyous assemblage; they bring presents ; and declare 
 with their faces the gladness of their hearts. Scyros is deserted ; 
 they leave Phthian Tempe, and Cranon's homes and the walls 
 of Larissa ; they flock to Pharsalia, 2 and throng the Pharsa- 
 lian halls. No one tills the lands ; the callous necks of the 
 steers are left to soften ; the low vine is not cleared from 
 weeds with rakes ; no bull tears up the glebe with the prone 
 plough ; no pruner's hook thins the trees' shady boughs ; 
 squalid rust overspreads the deserted ploughshares. 
 
 But the mansion, in every part of its opulent interior, 
 glitters with shining gold and silver ; white are the ivory 
 seats ; goblets gleam on the tables ; the whole dwelling re- 
 joices in the splendour of regal wealth. In the midst of the 
 mansion is placed the genial couch of the goddess, inlaid 
 with polished Indian tooth, and covered with purple dyed with 
 the shell's rosy juice. This coverlet, diversified with figures 
 of the men of yore, portrays the virtues of heroes with won- 
 drous art. 3 
 
 1 Good mother.] The ship Argo, poetically called the mother of her 
 valiant crew. 
 
 2 Scyros, &c] An island in the iEgean, off the coast of Thessaly. 
 The celebrated vale of Tempe in Thessaly is called Phthiotica from the 
 neighbouring city of Phthia, or from Phthiotis, the region to which the 
 city belongs. Cranon and Larissa were towns of Thessaly. Pharsalus, 
 where stood the palace of Peleus, is well known as the scene of the 
 battle between Ceesar and Pornpey. 
 
 3 This coverlet, diversified, &c] The tapestry comprised two pictures, 
 each of which represented a scene in the history of Ariadne, which the 
 poet now proceeds to expound. We are to imagine him standing by the 
 picture, and explaining to the admiring crowd not only the incidents 
 actually portrayed, but also their causes and consequences ; and hence 
 we account for the words ferunt, perhibent, and so forth, which occur 
 throughout the narrative. In the first compartment Ariadne is seen just 
 at the moment when she has discovered her lover's perfidy, and stands 
 petrified by the shock, saxea ut effigies bacchantis. 
 
CATULLUS. 61 
 
 For, gazing from the wave-sounding shore of Dia, 1 Ari- < 
 adne, 2 her heart filled with unconquered rages, beholds The- 
 seus departing with his swift ship ; 3 nor does she yet believe 
 that she sees what she does see, 4 as but just awakened from 
 her treacherous sleep she finds herself wretched and deserted 
 on the lonely sands. But the ungrateful youth, flying from 
 her, smites the sea with his oars, abandoning his vain pro- 
 mises to the stormy winds. With sad eyes the daughter of 
 Minos, like a stone image of a Masnad yelling Evoe, gazes on 
 him speeding far from the weedy strand, and she heaves with 
 great waves of sorrow. No more she retains the slender fillet 
 on her yellow hair ; no more the light veil conceals her 
 bosom ; no more the smooth cincture 5 binds her struggling 
 
 1 Dia.] Naxos, the divine island, <5t'a, sacred to Bacchus, is generally 
 held to have been the scene of Ariadne's desertion ; but Vossius contends 
 that the Dia in question was an islet near Crete, now called Standia. His 
 arguments, however, have very little weight. 
 
 2 Ariadne."] For the sake of brevity we will here compress together the 
 leading facts connected with the story of Theseus and Ariadne. The 
 Athenians having joined in the murder of Androgeus, son of Minos, king 
 of Crete, the latter made war on them, and compelled them to send every 
 year to Crete seven youths and as many virgins to be devoured by the 
 Minotaur. This monster was the fruit of an unnatural passion which 
 Pasiphae, the daughter of the Sun, and the wife of Minos, had conceived 
 for a bull. Da?dalus, who had lent his mechanical skill to the fulfilment 
 of the queen's desires, built the famous labyrinth to conceal her half- 
 human, half-brute offspring. Theseus, son of yEgeus, king of Athens, 
 slew the monster, and made his way out of the labyrinth by means of a 
 clue supplied to him by Ariadne, one of the two daughters of Minos and 
 Pasiphae. Theseus then departed for his home, taking with him Ariadne, 
 who was accompanied by her sister Phaedra ; but he deserted the former 
 at Naxos, and took the latter to Athens as his bride. Catullus, however, 
 omits this part of the story, and says expressly that Ariadne left her sister 
 behind when she fled from Crete. 
 
 3 Swift ship.] Classis must here stand for a single ship, for a fleet was 
 not requisite to convey to Crete the tribute of fourteen human victims. 
 
 4 Nor does she yet believe, &c] The true reading of this line- is very 
 uncertain ; we have adopted that proposed by Vossius. Achilles Statius 
 would read Necdum etiam sese quce sit turn credidit esse, " Nor does she 
 yet believe that she is herself." 
 
 5 Cincture.] The strophium was a band which confined the breasts 
 and restrained the exuberance of their growth. Martial apostrophizes 
 it thus : 
 
 Fascia, crescentes dominae compesce papillas, 
 
 Ut sit quod capiat nostra tegatque manus. 
 " Confine the growth of my fair one's breasts, that they may be just large 
 enough for my hand to enclose them." 
 
62 CATULLUS. 
 
 breasts ; the salt wave sports with them all, dropped from 
 her body, and scattered at her feet. But thinking neither of 
 fillet, nor of floating veil, lost and undone, she was intent on 
 thee, Theseus, with her whole heart, and soul, and mind. 
 Ah wretched Ariadne, whom Venus doomed to distracting 
 sorrows, 1 implanting thorny cares in thy bosom, what time 
 cruel Theseus, issuing from the curved shores of the Piraeus, 2 
 reached the Gortynian 3 abode of the unjust king. 
 
 For ancient legends tell that, compelled by a dire pestilence 
 to atone for the murder of Androgeos, the Cecropian city 4 
 was wont to present choice youths and fairest virgins as food 
 for the Minotaur. Seeing that the little city was thus afflicted, 
 Theseus desired to sacrifice his own body for his dear Athens, 
 rather than that such unfuneralled funerals 5 of Athens should 
 be carried to Crete. Borne therefore in a fleet ship by 
 gentle winds, he came to the arrogant Minos and his superb 
 abode. There as soon as the royal virgin beheld him with 
 desiring eye, she whom the chaste bed, breathing sweet 
 odours, cherished in her mother's soft embrace, lovely as the 
 myrtles which the waters of Eurotas 7 rear, or the various- 
 coloured flowers which the breath of spring brings forth; 
 she did not take her glistening eyes off him until her whole 
 bosom was thoroughly on fire, and she burned to her inmost 
 marrow. Alas ! divine boy, who confoundest together human 
 joys and sorrows, with ruthless heart exciting wretched mor- 
 tals to frenzy, and thou who rulest Golgos, and the evergreen 
 Idalium, 8 on what billows ye tossed that soul-kindled maiden, 
 
 1 Doomed to distracting sorrows.] Externavit,^x\t\>esi&e thyself. 
 
 2 Pirceus.] The harbour of Athens, but mentioned here with poetic 
 independence of historical fact, for it was not made a naval station until 
 the time of Themistocles. 
 
 s Gortynian.] Gortyna, a city of Crete. 
 
 4 Cecropian city.] Athens, founded by Cecrops. 
 
 5 Unfuneralled funerals.] Funera nefunera : a Greek form of expres- 
 sion, frequently imitated in Latin. 
 
 6 Arrogant. 1 ] Magnanimum. Doering justly observes that this epithet 
 must here be understood in a bad sense. 
 
 1 Eurotas.'] The river of Sparta. 
 
 8 Idalium.] Lambe's note on this passage is judicious. " Venus," he 
 says, " is not mentioned merely as the goddess of love, as seems to have 
 been conceived by most commentators. Pasiphae, Ariadne's mother, was 
 the daughter of the Sun and Perseis, one of the Oceanides ; and Venus 
 persecuted all the descendants of Apollo, because that god discovered her 
 amour with Mars. This is finely alluded to in the Phedre of Racine : 
 
CATULLUS. 63 
 
 often sighing for the yellow-haired stranger ! What fears she 
 endured in her fainting heart ! How often did she grow wan- 
 ner than the sheen of gold ! When Theseus, eager to contend 
 with the dread monster, was about to encounter death or the 
 glory of victory, then did she timidly frame vows with silent 
 lip, 1 promising gifts to the gods, gifts not unacceptable to them, 
 but offered unprofitably for herself. For as an irresistible 
 whirlwind tears up an oak that shakes its branches on the 
 summit of Taurus, or a cone-bearing pine with oozing stem, 
 twisting the trunk with its blast ; uprooted it falls prone, 
 covering a wide space, and breaking all beneath it far and 
 near ; so Theseus prostrated the carcase of the vanquished 
 monster, vainly tossing its horns to the empty air. Thence 
 he returned safely with great renown, directing his wander- 
 ing steps by a slender thread, that the indistinguishable maze 
 might not baffle his attempt to issue from its labyrinthine 
 windings. 
 
 But why, digressing from my first subject, need I tell more ? 
 How the daughter, forsaking her father's face, forsaking the 
 embrace of her sister, and even of her mother, who wept in 
 despair for her child, gladly preferred the sweet love of Theseus 
 to them all ? Or how their ship was borne to the foamy shores 
 of Dia ? Or how her husband, departing with ungrateful 
 breast, left her with her eyes closed in calamitous sleep ? Often, 
 'tis said, with a heart on fire with rage, she sent out shrill 
 shrieks in gushes 2 from the bottom of her breast ; then sadly 
 climbed the precipitous mountains, whence she could stretch 
 forth her gaze over the wide billows : then ran into the oppos- 
 ing waves of the agitated sea, lifting up the soft coverings from 
 her bared leg, 3 and with streaming face and shivering sobs, 
 uttered these words in the extremity of her woe : 
 
 ' O haine de Venus ! O fatale colere ! 
 
 Dans quels egaremens 1' amour jeta ma mere ! 
 
 Ariane, ma sceur ! De quel amour bless£e,' &c." 
 
 1 Timidly frame vows, &C.1 Tacito suspendit vota labello. This is an 
 uncommon and beautiful use of the word suspendit, the meaning of which 
 may be deduced from the familiar phrase pedem suspendere, to tread cau- 
 tiously, as if one feared to set one foot before the other. Ariadne durst 
 not breathe a syllable of the wishes of her heart. 
 
 2 In gushes. ] Fudisse. 
 
 3 Lifting, &c] Nott quotes with approval the remark made on this 
 passage by an English annotator on Tibullus, who notes as " a fine stroke 
 
64 CATULLUS. 
 
 " Is it thus, perfidious ! thou hast left me, borne away from my 
 native shores, left me, perfidious Theseus! on the desert strand? 
 Is it thus thou departest, in contempt of the gods, ingrate ! and 
 carriest home thy perjuries and the curses that cling to them ? l 
 Could nothing change the purpose of thy cruel mind ? Was 
 there no mercy about thee, that thy ruthless breast might have 
 pity on me ? But not such were the promises thou gavest me 
 formerly ; this was not what thou badest me, miserable girl, 
 to expect, but joyful union, happy rites of wedlock ; — all idle 
 words scattered by the winds ! Henceforth let no woman believe 
 man's oaths ; let none hope that a man's words are trusty ; for 
 whilst their lusting minds are bent on obtaining, they shrink 
 from no oaths, they spare no promises ; but as soon as their 
 lustful desire is satiated, they have no fear to break their 
 words, they care nothing for perjury. Surely I rescued thee 
 when thou wast in the midst of the vortex of death, and re- 
 solved rather to lose my brother than to fail thee, treacherous 
 as thou art, in that supreme moment. For this I shall be 
 given as a prey to be torn asunder by wild beasts and birds, 
 and when dead, I shall remain unentombed, with no earth cast 
 upon my body. What lioness gave thee birth under some lonely 
 rock ? What sea conceived and spat thee forth from her 
 foaming waves ? What Syrtis, what greedy Scylla, what vast 
 Charybdis, bore thee, who returnest such rewards for sweet 
 life ? If thou wast averse to wedlock with me because thou 
 didst abhor the cruel edicts of my stern father, 2 yet thou 
 mightest have taken me to thy dwelling, and I would have 
 served thee as a handmaid 3 with cheerful labour, bathing thy 
 
 of genius " this picture of " Ariadne running into the sea, as though to 
 catch Theseus, who was sailing off." And then in the very next sentence 
 he tells us that the " coverings " of which she bared her legs were her 
 buskins ! Instead of instinctively catching up the robe that impeded her 
 movements, an act which would have been consistent with the most im- 
 petuous emotion, she stopped, like a thrifty girl, to take off her best bus- 
 kins, lest the salt water should spoil them ! 
 
 1 Perjuries and the curses, &c] Devota perjuria, perjuries that are 
 diris obnoxia, that infer the wrath of the gods. 
 
 2 Stem father. ,] Prisei ; one whose cast of mind retains the primitive 
 harshness of earlier times. 
 
 3 Served thee as a handmaid.~\ Lambe quotes from the old ballad of 
 Childe Waters, in Percy's collection, a simple but pathetic parallel to 
 this touching passage : 
 
 " To-morrow, Ellen, I must forth ride 
 Farr into the north countrie ; 
 
CATULLUS. 65 
 
 white feet with limpid water, or spreading the purple coverlet 
 on thy bed. 
 
 " But why, beside myself ivith woe, do I complain in vain 
 to the ignorant winds, which being endowed with no senses, 
 can neither hear uttered words, nor return any ? He is now 
 nearly mid-way on the sea, and no mortal appears on the 
 vacant beach. Thus cruel fortune, too much insulting me 
 in my last moments, grudges even ears to hear my lamenta- 
 tions. Almighty Jove, would that neither in the beginning 
 the Cecropian ships had touched the Gnossian shores ; nor that 
 the perfidious mariner had ever unmoored for Crete, bringing 
 dire tribute to the unconquered bull ; nor that yon bad man, 
 concealing cruel purposes under a winning form, had rested 
 as a guest in our abode ! For whither shall I betake myself? 
 On what hope shall I, undone, rely ? Shall I seek the Cretan 
 mountains ? But the fierce severing sea divides me from them 
 with its wide expanse. Can I hope for aid from my father, 
 whom I left of my own accord to follow the youth stained 
 with my brother's gore? Can I console myself with the 
 trusty love of a husband who flees from me, bending his 
 pliant oars in the deep ? If I pass from the shore, the 
 lonely island is without a roof ; nor is there any exit open 
 from it, encompassed as it is by the waves. There is no 
 means of escape, no hope ; all around is silence and desolation ; 
 all around is death. Not however shall my eyes languish in 
 death, nor shall my senses depart from my weary body, before 
 I implore from the gods a just penalty for my betrayal, and 
 invoke the faith of the celestials in my last hour. Wherefore, 
 ye who visit the deeds of men with avenging chastisement, 
 Eumenides, whose brows, covered with serpents for hairs, be- 
 speak the wrath that exhales from your breasts, 1 hither, 
 
 The fairest lady that I can find, 
 
 Ellen, must goe with me." 
 " Though I am not that lady fayre, 
 
 Yet let me goe with thee ; 
 And ever, I pray you, Childe Waters, 
 Your foot-page let me bee." 
 1 Wrath that exhales.'] Expirantis pectoris iras : literally, " the wrath 
 of ... . expiring breast." That is, as we understand it, of " your " 
 breasts, or, according to Elton, " my" breast, i. e. Ariadne's. The Del- 
 phin editor absurdly interprets the passage as meaning " Whose brows 
 covered, Sec., typify the anguish of the dying man." 
 
66 GATULLUS. 
 
 hither speed ye, hear my wailings, which I, how wretched ! am 
 forced, helpless, with burning brain, blind with raving mad- 
 ness, to .pour out from my inmost vitals. And since they 
 truly spring from the bottom of my heart, suffer not my cries 
 of agony to pass idly away ; but through that spirit which 
 prompted Theseus to leave me forlorn, through that same 
 Spirit, goddesses, let him bring destruction on him and his." 
 
 After the anguished girl, imprecating punishment on the 
 cruel deeds of her betrayer, sent forth these words from her 
 sad bosom, the ruler of the celestial gods assented with his po- 
 tent nod, whereat the earth and the rough sea trembled, and 
 the firmament shook its glittering stars. But Theseus him- 
 self, seized with thick mental darkness, lost from his oblivious 
 bosom all those injunctions which he before held fast in mind, 
 and hoisted no glad signals for his sad father, to show that he 
 was in sight of harbour safe and rescued. For they say that 
 previously, when JEgeus intrusted his son to the winds, as he 
 was leaving the city of the goddess Pallas with his fleet, em- 
 bracing his so?i, he gave the young man these injunctions: 
 
 " My only son, dearer to me than long life, my son, lately 
 restored to me at the end of an extreme old age, 1 and whom 
 I am compelled to send away to dangerous adventures, since 
 my ill fortune and thy hot valour tear thee away from me so 
 loth to part with thee, for not yet have my dim eyes had 
 enough of my son's dear face : not in joy and gladness of heart 
 will I send thee away, nor will I let thee show tokens of pros- 
 perous fortune ; but first I will send forth many a lamentation 
 from my heart, defiling my white hairs with earth and dust ; 
 and then I will hang dyed sails upon the flitting mast, that so 
 the Iberian canvass with its dark dye may declare my grief, and 
 the burning anguish of my mind. But if the dweller on sacred 
 Itone 2 (who has promised us, her trusting votaries, to defend 
 our race and these abodes) grants thee to stain thy right hand 
 with the blood of the bull, then be sure that these injunctions 
 have force, stored up in thy heart, and that no lapse of time 
 obliterate them. As soon as thine eyes behold our hills, let 
 the yards drop every where their funereal clothing, and let 
 
 1 Lately restored to me.] Theseus was born in Troezene, and brought 
 up by his maternal grandfather Pittheus. 
 
 2 Itone,'] A town in Boeotia, in which Pallas was especially wor- 
 shipped. 
 
CATULLUS. 67 
 
 the twisted ropes hoist white sails, so that discerning them as 
 soon as possible, I may recognise their glad tidings with joy, 
 when a prosperous time puts thee, returned, before me." 
 
 As clouds driven by the breath of the winds leave a snowy 
 mountain's airy crest, so these injunctions departed from the 
 memory of Theseus, who had previously retained them with 
 constant mind. But his father, as he looked out from the top 
 of the fortress, wasting his anxious eyes in ceaseless tears, 
 when first he beheld the canvass of the inflated sail, threw 
 himself headlong from the top of the rocks, believing that 
 Theseus was lost by a cruel fate. Thus exulting Theseus, 
 entering a house woe-stricken by his father's death, 1 himself 
 encountered such sorrow as he had inflicted by his forgetful- 
 ness on the daughter of Minos ; while she, wholly rapt, still 
 gazed upon his departing ship, and heart-stricken, was agi- 
 tated with manifold woes. 2 
 
 But on another part of the coverlet the blooming Iacchus 
 was hastening with his crew of Satyrs and the Nysa-reared 
 Sileni, seeking thee, Ariadne, and burning with love for thee. 
 In wild joy they raved all around him, yelling Evoe, Evoe, 
 and rolling their heads about. Some of them brandished 
 thyrsi with ivy-covered points ; some snatched away the 
 limbs of oxen torn to pieces ; some girt themselves with 
 twisted serpents ; some celebrated mysterious orgies with im- 
 plements contained in wicker-baskets, orgies which the unini- 
 tiated vainly desire to hear. Others beat timbrels with ex- 
 tended hands, or produced fine tinklings with the smooth brass. 
 Horns yielded hoarse blasts to many, and the barbarian pipe 
 droned with horrible notes. 3 
 
 1 Thus exulting Theseus, &c] We follow Vossius and Doering in their 
 interpretation of this passage. Others understand it thus : Theseus, ex- 
 ulting in the death of the monster, entered his woe-stricken paternal 
 dwelling, &c. 
 
 2 While she, wholly rapt, &c] The common reading is, 
 
 Quae turn prospectans cedentem mcesta carinam. 
 We prefer that given by Vossius on manuscript authority, 
 
 Quae tamen aspectans cedentem cuncta carinam. 
 Theseus had reached home, but though his ship was no longer in sight, 
 she still remained with her gaze fixed on vacancy, and wholly absorbed 
 in gazing, as though the ship was still before her eyes. 
 
 3 Horrible notes.'] The introduction of Bacchus closes the episode with 
 an animated picture, and forms a pleasing contrast to the melancholy 
 
 f 2 
 
68 CATULLUS. 
 
 Magnificently adorned with such figures, the coverlet con- 
 cealed the bed, enfolding it with its drapery. After the 
 young men of Thessaly had satisfied themselves with eagerly 
 inspecting it, they began to make room for the holy gods. As 
 Zephyr with his morning breath crisping the calm sea, when 
 Aurora rises, just at the dawn of the journeying sun, stirs 
 up the slanting waves, which first move slowly, urged by a 
 mild breath, and sound with a gentle noise of laughter, but 
 afterwards as the wind increases, grow more and more fre- 
 quent, and gleam afar as they float away from the purple 
 light : so then leaving the royal vestibule they departed, each 
 to his own home, with steps diverging in all directions. 
 
 After they were gone, foremost from the summit of Pelion, 
 came Chiron, 1 bringing sylvan gifts. For all kinds of flowers 
 which the fields produce, which the Thessalian land engenders 
 on its broad mountains, and which the pregnant breath of 
 warm Favonius brings forth beside the running waters, these 
 he brought interwoven in promiscuous garlands, and the house 
 laughed, impregnated with their pleasant odour. 
 
 Presently comes Peneus, leaving green Tempe, girt with 
 over-hanging woods, leaving Tempe to be frequented by the 
 
 scenes that precede it. At the same time the poet, delicately breaking 
 off without ever hinting at the fair one's ready acceptance of her new 
 lover, leaves the pity we feel for her abandonment unweakened on the 
 mind. — Dunlop. 
 
 1 Chiron.] The mortals having departed, the demigods next arrive ; 
 who neither inhabited Olympus with Jupiter, nor were of rank enough 
 to join his train. Catullus has with peculiar propriety selected those who 
 had promoted or were interested in the nuptials, or were connected by 
 some tie with the bride or bridegroom. The centaur Chiron, the inhabit- 
 ant of Mount Pelion in Thessaly, the kingdom of Peleus, and afterwards 
 tutor of Achilles, the predestined offspring of the marriage, first bears his 
 offerings. Next Peneus, the offspring of Oceanus and Tethys, is selected 
 from the water deities as the most celebrated river of Thessaly, and as a 
 kinsman of the bride. He bears an appropriate offering of the trees that 
 grow on his banks, and with Chiron decks the palace with flowers and 
 boughs ; with which it was usual to decorate every part of the bride- 
 groom's abode, and particularly the door, as we learn from Ovid, Fast. 4, 
 Juvenal, Sat. 6, and Plutarch in Erotico. To these are added Prome- 
 theus, who, by his prophecy of the powerful offspring to spring from 
 Thetis, had induced Jupiter to sanction her union with Peleus, and might 
 regard the wedding as his own work. These three are the fitting fore- 
 runners of the celestial host, who, with Jupiter, descend from Olympus 
 to honour the bridal which he had sanctioned. — Lambe. 
 
CATULLUS. 69 
 
 Dorian choirs of the Nessomdes ; l nor does he come empty- 
 handed, for he has brought tall beeches, roots and all, and 
 stately bay-trees with straight stems, with the nodding plane- 
 tree, and lightning-stricken Phaethon's flexible sister, 2 and 
 the airy cypress. These, grouped together, he planted widely 
 round the mansion, that the vestibule might look verdant with 
 its pleasant leafy screen. , 
 
 After him follows ingenious Prometheus, bearing partly 
 effaced traces of his old punishment, which he once endured, 
 chained to a rock, and suspended from the precipitous peaks 
 of Caucasus. 3 
 
 Then the father of the gods came from heaven with his 
 divine spouse and his children, leaving only thee, Phoebus, 4 
 and thy twin sister, dweller on the mountains of Ida ; for 
 like thee she scorned Peleus, and would not celebrate the 
 nuptials of Thetis. 
 
 After the gods bent their snowy limbs on the seats, the 
 tables were copiously covered with various cheer. Mean- 
 while the Parcae, shaking their bodies with infirm gesture, 
 began to utter soothsaying canticles. A white garment wrap- 
 ping their tremulous bodies all round, was encircled with a 
 purple hem where it reached their heels ; snowy fillets sat on 
 their ambrosial heads, 5 and their hands plied their eternal 
 task, according to their custom. The left hand held the dis- 
 taff covered with soft wool ; the right hand, lightly drawing 
 forth the threads, formed them with upturned fingers, then 
 twisting them on the downward-pointed thumb, made the 
 
 1 Leaving Tempe to be, &c] The MSS. are very corrupt in this place, 
 and nearly a score of various readings have been proposed. Nessonides : 
 nymphs of Nessos, a lake near Tempe. Dorian choirs : the girls of the 
 Dorian race danced naked on certain occasions. 
 
 2 Phaethon's flexible sister.'] Phaethon's sisters, inconsolable for the 
 death of their brother, who perished in his mad attempt to drive the 
 chariot of his father, the Sun, were changed into poplars. 
 
 3 Prometheus, &c] An eagle had preyed on his liver for thirty years. 
 
 4 Phasbus.] Homer makes Apollo play the lyre at the nuptials of 
 Peleus and Thetis. The reason why Catullus rejected this tradition, was 
 probably that the prescient Apollo could not look with favour on a mar- 
 riage which was to give birth to Achilles, the destroyer of his favourite 
 Trojans, and whom the god himself was to slay. 
 
 5 Ambrosial heads.] Ambrosio is manifestly preferable to the common 
 reading At roseo, for roses are surely an incongruous ornament for the 
 hoary heads of the awful Fates. 
 
70 CATULLUS. 
 
 spindle revolve smoothly and swiftly ; their nipping teeth 
 always smoothed the work, and the woolly fibres which had 
 stood out from the light thread, being bitten off, adhered to 
 their dry lips. Wicker-baskets, before their feet, held fleeces 
 of white wool. With shrill voices, as they drew out the 
 threads, they poured forth these fates in divine song, in song 
 which no after-time shall convict of falsehood : l 
 
 " Peleus, of most illustrious birth, 2 safeguard of Thes- 
 saly, enhancing signal honour by great virtues, hear the truth- 
 telling oracle which the sisters reveal to thee on this joyful 
 day ; and you, whereon fates depend, run, spindles, run, and 
 draw out the threads. 
 
 "Hesperus will soon come, and bring thee what bride- 
 grooms desire ; with that auspicious star will come the spouse, 
 who bathes thy mind in soul-softening love, and prepares to 
 sink to sleep with thee in pleasing languor, putting her smooth 
 arms under thy strong neck. Run, spindles, run, and draw 
 out the threads. 
 
 "No house ever united such loves beneath one roof; 3 no 
 love ever bound lovers together in such unanimity, so reci- 
 procal is the concord between Thetis and Peleus. Run, spin- 
 dles, run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 " To you shall be born Achilles void of fear, known to the 
 foe, not by his back, but by his valiant breast ; who many a 
 time victor in the rapid race, shall outstrip the fiery steps of 
 the swift stag. Run, spindles, run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 " No hero shall compare with him in war, when the Phry- 
 gian streams shall flow with Trojan blood, and the third heir 
 of perjured Pelops, 4 waging long war against the Trojan city, 
 shall lay it waste. Run, spindles, run, and draw out the 
 threads. 
 
 1 Convict of falsehood.'] Whereas, says Muretus, this could not be 
 said of the prophecy reported by others to have been delivered on the 
 same occasion by Apollo. 
 
 2 Illustrious birth.] Instead of clarissime natu, some read clarissime 
 nato, " illustrious in thy son," a phrase which would not indeed be inap- 
 priate in the mouths of the Fates, though that son was not yet born ; but 
 which appears superfluous, since ample mention is subsequently made of 
 the glories of Achilles. 
 
 3 United . . . beneath one roof] So Achilles Statius interprets con- 
 texit. 
 
 4 Pelops. ] The first two successors of Pelops, were his sons Thyestes 
 and Atreus ; the third was Agamemnon, son of Atreus. 
 
CATULLUS. 71 
 
 " Mothers shall often confess, in the death of their sons, 
 his egregious valour and illustrious deeds, when they shall 
 let fall their hair whitened with dust, and beat their livid 
 breasts with their feeble hands. Run, spindles, run, and 
 draw out the vital thread. 
 
 " For as the husbandman, prostrating the ears of corn, 
 mows the crops that yellow under the hot sun, so shall he 
 prostrate the bodies of the sons of Troy with hostile sword. 
 Run, spindles, run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 " A witness of his great valour shall be the wave of Sca- 
 mander, which is poured diffusely into the rapid Hellespont ; 
 and choking whose course with heaps of slain, he shall make 
 the deep stream warm with mingled gore. Run, spindles, 
 run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 " A witness too shall be the captive given to death, when 
 the smooth pile heaped upon the lofty mound shall receive the 
 snowy limbs of the slaughtered virgin. 1 Run, spindles, run, 
 and draw out the threads. 
 
 " For as soon as fortune shall have enabled the Greeks to 
 break through the Neptunian walls of the Dardanian city, 
 the lofty sepulchre shall be wetted with Polyxena's blood ; 
 who, like a victim falling beneath a two-edged knife, kneeling 
 to the stroke, shall fall a headless corpse. Run, spindles, run, 
 and draw out the threads. 
 
 " Come then, consummate the amorous longings of your 
 souls ; let the bridegroom receive the goddess in happy wed- 
 lock ; let the bride be delivered to the husband long eager for 
 her. Run, spindles, run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 " Her nurse, when she visits her again at dawn of day, 
 shall not be able to surround her neck with yesterday's thread. 2 
 Run, spindles, run, and draw out the threads. 
 
 1 The slaughtered virgin.'] Achilles was about to marry Polyxena, the 
 daughter of Priam, when he was slain by Paris in the temple of Apollo. 
 After the fall of Troy Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, immolated her on his 
 father's tomb. 
 
 2 Yesterday's thread.] The swelling of the bride's neck, ascertained 
 by measurement with a thread on the morning after the nuptials, was 
 held to be sufficient proof of their happy consummation. The ancients, 
 says Pezay, had faith in another equally absurd test of virginity. They 
 measured the circumference of the neck with a thread. Then the girl 
 under trial took the two ends of the magic thread in her teeth, and if it 
 was found to be so long that its bight could be passed over her head, it 
 
72 CATULLUS. 
 
 " Nor shall her mother grieve to see her daughter at dis- 
 cord with her mate, and sleeping apart ; nor cease to hope 
 for grandchildren. Run, spindles, run, and draw out the 
 threads." 
 
 Thus prophesying in days of yore, the Fates sang the happy 
 destinies of Peleus with divine omen. For formerly, ere virtue 
 was yet despised, the inhabitants of heaven were wont to visit 
 in person the guiltless abodes of heroes, and to show them- 
 selves in mortal assemblies. Often did the father of the gods, 
 revisiting 1 his splendid temple, when the annual solemnities 
 arrived with the festal days, behold a hundred chariots run- 
 ning along the ground. Often did roving Bacchus drive his 
 screaming Thyads with dishevelled hair from the highest 
 peak of Parnassus, 2 when the Delphians, eagerly rushing out 
 from the whole city, joyfully welcomed the god with smoking 
 altars. Often, in the deadly strife of war, Mars, or the mistress 
 of the rapid Triton, 3 or the Rhamnusian virgin, 4 in person 
 exhorted armed troops of men. But after the earth was 
 stained with nefarious crime, and all men drove out justice 
 from their covetous souls ; after brothers drenched their hands 
 in brothers' blood ; the son ceased to mourn his dead parents ; 
 the father desired the death of his firstborn son, that he might 
 be free to enjoy the beauty of an unwedded step-dame ; 5 after 
 
 was clear she was not a maid. By this rule all the thin girls might pass 
 for vestals, and all the plump ones for the reverse. 
 
 1 Revisiting, &c.] Templo in fulgente revisens : an archaic form of 
 expression, says Scaliger, like reviso domi, reviso ad eum. 
 
 2 Parnassus.'] One summit of the biforked hill was sacred to Bacchus, 
 (Pezay says, " in favour of the fine lines which wine inspires,") and his 
 worship was cultivated at Delphi, as well as that of Apollo. This we 
 learn from Lucian, "book v. 
 
 Between the ruddy west and eastern skies, 
 
 In the mid-earth, Parnassus' tops arise : 
 
 To Phoebus, and the cheerful god of wine, 
 
 Sacred in common stands the hill divine. 
 
 Still as the short revolving year comes round, 
 
 The Mamades, with leafy chaplets crown'd, 
 
 The double deity in solemn songs resound. Rowe. 
 
 3 Triton.'] A torrent in Boeotia ; also a river and marsh in Africa ; 
 both sacred to Pallas. 
 
 4 Rhamnusian virgin.] Nemesis, so called from Rhamnus, a town in 
 Attica. 
 
 5 An unwedded step-dame.] Unwedded, but whom he wished to wed. 
 Sallust states that Catiline murdered his son, because the young man 
 was an obstacle to his marriage with Aurelia Orestilla. 
 
CATULLUS. 73 
 
 the impious mother, submitting herself to the embrace of her 
 unconscious son, 1 feared not to contaminate her household 
 gods with sacrilege ; all right and wrong confounded together 
 by the madness of guilt, averted from us the righteous minds 
 of the gods. Wherefore they neither deign to visit assem- 
 blages so composed, nor suffer themselves to be encountered 
 in the light of day. 2 
 
 LXV. TO HORTALUS. 
 
 Though care, and incessant, consuming sorrow, alienate 
 me, Hortalus, from the learned virgins, nor is my mind capa- 
 ble of drawing forth the sweet younglings of the Muses, with 
 such afflictions is it agitated ; for the wave that flows from 
 the Lethsean gulf hath lately washed the pallid foot of my 
 
 1 The impious mother, &c] Semiramis is said to have done thus by 
 her son Ninus. 
 
 2 Day.] The Marriage of Peleus and Thetis fully justifies Scaliger's 
 opinion that " it approached nearer to the divinity of the Iliad than any 
 other poem." He might however have added, that some part of that 
 divinity was even borrowed from it. The parting of Egeus and Theseus 
 is the prototype of that of Evander and Pallas ; the despair of Dido is 
 worked up with sentiment and passion probably suggested by that of Ari- 
 adne ; and even the beautiful commemoration of Marcellus is an im- 
 provement upon the prophecy of the career of Achilles. — Lambe. Ovid 
 has treated the subject of Ariadne not less than four times, and has bor- 
 rowed largely from Catullus. In the Epistle of Ariadne to Theseus he 
 has painted, like his predecessor, her disordered person, her sense of de- 
 sertion, and remembrance of the benefits she had conferred on Theseus. 
 But the epistle is a cold production, chiefly because her grief is not im- 
 mediately presented before us ; and she merely tells that she had wept, 
 and sighed, and raved. The minute detail, too, into which she enters, is 
 inconsistent with her vehement passion. She recollects too well each 
 heap of sand which retarded her steps, and the thorns on the summit of 
 the mountain. Returning from her wanderings, she addresses her couch, 
 of which she asks advice, till she becomes overpowered by apprehension 
 for the wild beasts and marine monsters, of which she presents her false 
 lover with a faithful catalogue. The simple ideas of Catullus are fre- 
 quently converted into conceits, and his natural bursts of passion into 
 quibbles and artificial points. In the eighth book of the Metamorphoses, 
 the melancholy part of Ariadne's story is only recalled in order to intro- 
 duce the transformation of her crown into a star. In the third book of 
 the Fasti, she deplores the double desertion of Theseus and Bacchus. 
 It is in the first book of the Art of Love that Ovid approaches nearest to 
 Catullus, particularly in the sudden contrast between the solitude and 
 melancholy of Ariadne, and the revelry of the Bacchanalians. — Dunlop. 
 
74 CATULLUS. 
 
 brother, whom, snatched from my eyes, the Trojan earth 
 covers beneath the Rhoetean shore. 1 tf * * * Ah brother 
 dearer than life, shall I never henceforth behold thee ? But 
 surely I will always love thee; the songs I sing shall always 
 be saddened by thy death, like those which the bird of Daulia 2 
 warbles beneath the shade of thick boughs, bewailing the fate 
 of the lost Itys. Yet in the midst of such grief I send thee, 
 Hortalus, these strains imitated from Battiades, 3 that you may 
 not perchance suppose that your words have escaped from my 
 mind, to be given idly to the passing winds, but as the apple, 4 
 the clandestine gift of the wooer, rolls out from the virgin's 
 chaste bosom ; 5 for she forgets, poor thing, that it is placed 
 beneath her soft robe, and as she starts up at her mother's 
 coming, it is shaken out ; down it falls at once to the ground, 
 whilst a conscious blush suffuses the face of the distressed 
 damsel. 6 
 
 1 A line is wanting here. 
 
 2 The bird of Daulia.'] Daulia in Thrace was the scene of the tragedy 
 of Itys. Tereus, king of Thrace, ravished Philomela and cut out her 
 tongue. Her sister Procne, the wife of Tereus, revenged the deed by 
 killing her son Itys, and cooking him for his father's supper. All four 
 were transformed into birds. Philomela became a nightingale. 
 
 3 Battiades.] The Greek poet Callimachus, who was descended from 
 Battus the founder of Cyrene. It would seem that Hortalus had re- 
 quested Catullus to translate from Callimachus the next poem after this, 
 " Berenice's Hair." 
 
 4 The apple.] The gift of an apple had a very tender meaning ; ac- 
 cording to Vossius it was quasi pignus concubitus, that is to say, it was 
 the climax 
 
 To " all those token flowers that tell 
 
 What words can never speak so well." 
 The emperor Theodosius caused Paulinus to be murdered for receiving 
 an apple from his empress. In one of the love epistles of Aristsenetus, 
 Phalaris complains to her friend Petala, how her younger sister, who had 
 accompanied her to dine with Pamphilus, her lover, attempted to seduce 
 him, and among other wanton tricks did as follows : " Pamphilus, biting 
 off a piece of an apple, chucked it dexterously into her bosom ; she took 
 it, kissed it, and thrusting it under her sash, hid it between her breasts." 
 
 5 Bosom.] The Romans had an ungallant proverb, nee mulieri, nee 
 gremio credi oportere, nothing should be intrusted to a woman or a bo- 
 som, because, says Festus, the former are light and variable, and what- 
 ever is put in the latter is forgotten when one stands up. 
 
 6 The distressed damsel.] The intrinsic beauty of this comparison is 
 universally admitted, but many of its warmest admirers confess that they 
 have little to say in defence of its appositeness. But, says Doering, this 
 is because they have not rightly apprehended it. If, for instance, we ac- 
 
CATULLUS. 75 
 
 LXVI. BERENICE'S HAIR. 1 
 (the hair speaks.) 
 
 Conon, who hath investigated all the lights in the great 
 firmament ; who hath ascertained the rising and the setting 
 of the stars, and knows, how the splendour of the rapid sun is 
 obscured, how the stars depart at certain times, and how sweet 
 love detaining Diana among the crags of Latmos, withdraws 
 her from her airy circuit ; that same Conon saw, shining bril- 
 liantly with celestial light, me, the hair of Berenice's head, 
 which she, outstretching her smooth arms, had promised to 
 many gods, at the time when the king, recently blest in mar- 
 riage, and bearing marks of the nocturnal struggle in which 
 he had been engaged for the virgin's spoils, had gone to lay 
 waste the Assyrian territory. Is Venus odious to the newly 
 wedded ? Why do brides frustrate their parents' joys by the 
 feigned tears they pour out profusely within the nuptial 
 chamber ? Their grief is not real, so help me the gods ! 
 
 cept the interpretation given by Muretus, " Do not think that your words 
 have lapsed from my mind like an apple from a girl's bosom," then indeed 
 the comparison is quite frigid. But this was not what Catullus intended ; 
 his meaning was, " It is true I forgot for a while what I had promised 
 you, but forgot it just as it sometimes happens to a maiden to forget a 
 thing she prizes most dearly, and to be overcome with shame and confu- 
 sion when she is suddenly reminded of her inattention." 
 
 1 Berenice's Hair.~\ According to Hyginus, whom all the commentators 
 have implicitly followed, Berenice, the daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus 
 and Arsinoe, married her brother Ptolemy Euergetes, in accordance with 
 the Egyptian custom. But we know from Justin, lib. xxvi. c. 3, that 
 Berenice was not really Ptolemy's sister, but his cousin-german, a rela- 
 tionship to which ancient usage gave the name of sisterhood. Her hus- 
 band having soon afterwards marched with his army into Syria, Berenice 
 devoted her beautiful locks to Venus on condition of her husband's vic- 
 torious return. Her prayers were heard, and she suspended her locks 
 with her own hand in the temple of the goddess, whence they disappeared 
 before the next morning, to the great vexation of both the royal consorts. 
 Conon, a famous astronomer of Samos, and a no less adroit courtier, 
 averred that a divine hand had withdrawn them, and placed them among 
 the stars. On this hint Callimachus composed a poem, which Catullus 
 has here imitated. But though the poem of Callimachus may have been 
 seriously written, and gravely read by the court of Ptolemy, the lines of 
 Catullus often approach to something like pleasantrv or persiflage. The 
 original is lost, which is the more unfortunate, as no work of Catullus 
 has been more disfigured by transcribers than this. 
 
76 CATULLUS. 
 
 This truth my queen taught me by her many lamentations, 
 when her newly-wedded spouse set out for grim battles. It 
 was not, however, for the loneliness of thy deserted bed that 
 thou didst grieve, but for the sad departure of thy dear bro- 
 ther, when sorrow so consumed thy very marrow, and thy 
 whole bosom was so racked, that sense and reason departed ! 
 But surely I have known thee magnanimous since thou wast 
 but a little maiden. Hast thou forgotten that good deed, 1 by 
 which thou didst win a royal marriage, a deed than which 
 none ever dared to do a bolder? 2 But what words thou didst 
 utter at thy sad parting from thy husband ! O Jupiter ! how 
 often thou didst wipe thine eyes with thy hand ! What 
 
 1 That good deed.] Hyginus gives a romantic and incredible explana- 
 tion of these verses, in which he is followed by modern commentators. 
 Berenice is represented as a heroine, who broke horses, drove chariots, 
 and practised all military exercises. The exploit here alluded to was, 
 they say, her rescue of her father in battle, when surrounded by enemies ; 
 in reward for which her brother married her. But the poet certainly 
 alludes to a memorable passage in history, related by Plutarch in his Life 
 of Demetrius. Magas, the uterine brother of Ptolemy Philadelphus, was 
 by the influence of his mother promoted to the government of Cyrene and 
 Libya. (Pausanias in Attic.) He governed those provinces many years 
 with ability, and having fortified his own power by the affection of the 
 natives and by his marriage with Apame, daughter of Antiochus Soter, 
 king of Syria, he determined to secure to his own family the dominion of 
 the countries which he had long ruled as a viceroy. His revolt was suc- 
 cessful ; but the supposed contingency which had at first inspired him 
 with disaffection to his brother, failed to happen. He had reached the 
 extremity of old age, and his queen Apame had brought him no male 
 children, and only one daughter, Berenice. Under this disappointment 
 Magas expressed a desire to compose all differences with his brother 
 Ptolemy Philadelphus, by marrying his only daughter with Ptolemy's 
 eldest son, and giving as her dower the restored allegiance of Cyrene and 
 Libya. The treaty was accepted, but Magas died before the conditions 
 of it were executed. The ambitious Apame, unwilling that her husband's 
 independent kingdom should sink into a tributary province, invited to 
 Cyrene Demetrius, the brother of Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedon, 
 promising him her daughter in marriage. But the figure and accomplish- 
 ments of this young prince changed her resolutions and captivated her 
 affections. Demetrius, instead of marrying the daughter, became the 
 paramour of the mother. But the slighted Berenice determined to avenge 
 her wrongs. A conspiracy was formed in the palace. Demetrius Avas 
 slain in the embraces of Apame ; the daughter conducting the assassins 
 to the chamber and bed of her mother. Apame was sent into Syria, and 
 Berenice repaired to Alexandria, and consummated her marriage with 
 young Ptolemy, afterwards called Euergetes. — Tytler. 
 
 2 A deed than which, &c] Quo non fortius ausit alis. Alls for alius. 
 
CATULLUS. 77 
 
 mighty god thus changed thee ? Was this because lovers are 
 loth to be long absent from the beloved one ? And there thou 
 didst promise me, together with blood of bulls, to all the gods 
 for thy dear spouse, if he returned in no long time, and added 
 vanquished Asia to the bounds of Egypt. For these reasons, 
 I, now numbered among the celestial assembly, discharge thy 
 pristine vow by a new gift. 
 
 Unwillingly, O queen, did I quit thy crown ; l unwillingly, 
 I swear by thee and thy head ; and fit chastisement befall 
 whoever takes that oath lightly ! But who can hope to with- 
 stand steel? That mountain too was cut down with steel, 
 over which, the largest on the coasts, the illustrious race of 
 Thia 2 was borne, when the Medes swept through a new sea, 
 and the Barbarian youth navigated through the midst of 
 Athos. What can hairs do when such things yield to steel ? 
 Perish, O Jupiter, the whole race of the Chalybes, 3 and who- 
 ever in the beginning instituted the practice of seeking out 
 veins under ground and forging hard iron ! My sister hairs, 
 just before separated from me, were bewailing my fate, when 
 ^Ethiopian Memnon's brother, the winged steed of Chloris, 
 beating the air with quivering wings, presented himself in 
 Arsinoe's temple, and catching me up flew through the dusky 
 ether and laid me in the chaste bosom of Venus. 4 Zephyritis 
 
 1 Unioilli?igly, &c] Macrobius remarks that Virgil, who was well 
 acquainted with the works of his predecessors, has borrowed this line 
 from Catullus (Mn. iv. 460) : 
 
 Invitus, Regina, tuo de littore cessi. 
 
 2 Thia.] Macedon, who gave his name to Macedonia, the original 
 country of the Ptolemies, was the son of Jupiter and Thia, the daughter of 
 Deucalion. The Macedonians were among the auxiliaries of Xerxes when 
 he invaded Greece, cutting a channel through Mount Athos on his way. 
 
 3 The Clialybes.] A people of Asia Minor, descended from Chalybs, 
 a son of Mars, who first taught the use of iron. Pope has imitated this 
 passage in the third canto of the Rape of the Lock : 
 
 What time would spare, from steel receives its date, 
 And monuments, like men, submit to fate. 
 Steel could the labours of the gods destroy, 
 And strike to dust the imperial towers of Troy ; 
 Steel could the works of mortal pride confound, 
 And hew triumphal arches to the ground ; 
 What wonder then, fair nymph, thy hairs should feel 
 The conquering force of unresisted steel ? 
 * The chaste bosom of Venus.'] The Venus here meant is the more 
 
78 CATULLUS. 
 
 herself had sent her servant to the pleasant regions on the 
 Canopian shores, to the end that not only the golden crown 
 from Ariadne's temples should be fixed in the varied extent 
 of heaven, but that we, the consecrated spoils of Berenice's 
 yellow head, might shine there too. As moist with tears I 
 entered the temple of the gods, divine Venus placed me as a 
 new constellation among the ancient ones. For contiguous 
 to the stars of the Virgin and of the fierce Lion, adjoining 
 Calisto the daughter of Lycaon, I turn to the west, preced- 
 ing the slow Bootes, who sinks late and reluctantly into the 
 deep ocean. But though the footsteps of the gods press me 
 by night, 1 yet by day I am restored to the bosom of white- 
 haired Tethys. Let me be allowed to say these things with 
 thy permission, Rhamnusian virgin, for I will not conceal the 
 truth from any fear ; no, though the stars assail me with in- 
 vectives, I will unfold the secret feelings of my sincere mind : 
 I am not so rejoiced by these events, as not to be tortured by 
 the thought that I am for ever parted from the head of my 
 mistress, with whom I imbibed many thousand fragrant oint- 
 ments, though whilst she was yet a virgin I never had any. 2 
 
 Now you, on whose union the marriage torch has shone 
 with its precious light, give not your persons to your fond 
 mates, nor throw off your robes and bare your bosoms, before 
 your onyx box presents me with pleasing libations ; let your 
 onyx box do this, all you who seek the rights of wedlock in 
 a chaste bed. But whoso gives herself up to impure adultery, 
 let the light dust unwillingly imbibe her loathed gifts ; for I 
 
 reputable of the two goddesses of that name, the one who presides over 
 lawful wedlock. Multitudinous blunders in the MSS. combine with 
 mythological intricacies to make this whole passage one of the most ob- 
 scure in the works of Catullus. Briefly, its meaning appears to be this ; 
 Zephyrus, son of Aurora, brother of Memnon, and husband of Chloris, 
 carried off the hair by order of Venus, who is also called Arsinoe, from 
 her temple in the town of that name founded by Ptolemy Philadelphus 
 in honour of his sister-spouse ; and Zephyritis, from the Egyptian pro- 
 montory of Zephyrium where she was worshipped. Some commentators 
 make Zephyritis identical with Chloris. 
 
 1 The footsteps of the gods press me.~\ The Coma Berenices is situated 
 in the Milky Way, the road by which the gods passed over the sky to 
 and from Olympus. 
 
 2 Never had any.] Maidens used simple oil alone, and no perfumes 
 for their hair, or only such as were extracted from single plants, but not 
 those composite essences which were always implied by the words un- 
 guentum and fxvppa. They wore no garlands of flowers, only plain fillets. 
 
CATULLUS. 79 
 
 desire no offerings from the unworthy. Rather, brides, may 
 concord and constant love always abide in your dwellings. 
 
 But thou, queen, when gazing on the stars thou shalt 
 propitiate Venus with festive torches, let not me, thine own, 
 be left without my share of sacrifice, but rather present me 
 with copious offerings. 
 
 "Why do the stars hold me ? Would I might again become 
 the hair of my royal mistress ! Orion might' then shine next 
 to Aquarius 1 for aught I cared. 
 
 LXYII. ON A WANTON'S DOOR. 2 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 Hail, door, dear to the amiable husband and dear to his 
 father, and may Jove bless thee with his good aid, door, 
 who they say didst formerly serve Balbus with good will, 
 when the old man lived here ; and who they say again didst 
 serve an evil intent after the old man was stretched out and 
 the mistress was again made a bride. Come, tell me why thou 
 art reported to be so changed and to have thus renounced thy 
 old fidelity to thy master. 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 As I hope to please Caecilius, to whom I now belong, it is 
 not my fault, although it is said to be so ; nor can any one 
 say that any offence has been committed by me ; but if you 
 believe the people, everything is the door's doing : for when- 
 ever anything is known to have been done amiss, they all cry 
 out at me, " It is your fault, door." 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 It is not enough to assert this by word only ; but you must 
 make it so plain that any one may understand and see it. 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 How can I ? No one asks, or cares to know. 
 
 1 Orion .... Aquarius, .] These two constellations are very far asunder; 
 the mention of them implies, Could I but get back to my old place, the 
 whole order of the heavens might be upset for aught I cared. 
 
 2 On a wanton's door.] The persons and the circumstances alluded to 
 in this satire being totally unknown, our interest in it is greatly impaired. 
 Several commentators have endeavoured to explain its personal allusions, 
 but their conjectures are quite arbitrary and therefore worthless. 
 
80 CATULLUS. 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 I do : do not hesitate to tell me. 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 In the first place then it is false that she was delivered to 
 us a virgin : not that her impotent husband had first been in- 
 timate with her ; but her own father is said to have violated 
 his son's bed, and to have dishonoured his unfortunate house ; 
 whether it was that his incestuous soul burned with blind 
 passion, or that his enervated son was incapable of marital 
 functions, and that abler means to loose the virgin's zone had 
 to be sought elsewhere. 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 You make known to me a rare instance of admirable pa- 
 rental conscientiousness ; — to cuckold his own son ! 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 But this is not the only thing which Brixia professes to know, 
 Brixia, situated below the Cycnaean peak, beloved mother of 
 my Verona, 1 which the yellow Mela traverses with its gentle 
 stream. But it tells of the amours of Posthumius and of Cor- 
 nelius, with whom she committed shameful adultery. Now 
 some one may say : " How do you know these things, door, 
 you who are never free to quit your master's threshold, nor 
 to hear the talk of the people, but, fastened to this post, are 
 wont only to shut or open the house ? " I have often heard 
 her in private talking of these wicked deeds of hers, with her 
 handmaids, in a stealthy voice, and mentioning by name those 
 I have mentioned ; for she did not of course expect that I had 
 tongue or ear. Moreover, she spake of a certain person whom 
 I do not wish to mention by name, lest he bristle up his red 
 eyebrows. He is a long, lanky fellow, who formerly got in- 
 volved in great litigation about a simulated pregnancy and 
 false parturition. 
 
 1 Beloved mother, &c] Maifei ( Verona Illustrata) maintains that the 
 two lines which predicate this relationship of Brescia and Verona contradict 
 history, and that they are spurious. 
 
CATULLUS. 81 
 
 LXVIII. TO MANLIUS. 
 
 That, bowed down by misfortune and sore calamity, you 
 send me this epistle blotted with your tears, praying me to 
 raise you up as a shipwrecked man flung ashore by the foam- 
 ing billows, and to rescue you from the gates of death ; and 
 telling me that neither sacred Yenus suffers you to enjoy soft 
 slumber in your lonely, deserted bed, nor do the Muses delight 
 you with the sweet strains of old poets, whilst your sorrow- 
 ing mind knows no rest ; this is gratifying to me, for as much 
 as you esteem me your friend, and therefore ask of me the 
 gifts of the Muses and of Venus. But that my sorrows may 
 not be unknown to you, Manlius, and that you may not sup- 
 pose I shrink from the duties incumbent on your guest, 2 hear 
 now in what billows of misfortune I myself am plunged, and 
 ask no more for the gifts of the happy from a wretch like 
 me. 
 
 When first the white robe 3 was conferred upon me, when 
 my flowery years were in their jocund spring, I disported 
 variously enough ; 4 I have not been unknown to the goddess 
 
 1 To Manlius.'] Most commentators conclude from the fifth and sixth lines 
 of this poem that it was addressed to Manlius on the occasion of the death 
 of his wife Julia, celebrated in the first epithalamium. But this seems 
 incongruous with the wish expressed at the end of the piece, that Man- 
 lius and the lady, whoever she was, who is emphatically termed " his 
 life," may long live happily together. Doering supposes that the fond 
 pair had quarrelled ; but that hypothesis fails also if tried by the same 
 test ; besides, the poet offers no hint or inducement towards reconciliation, 
 as he would naturally have done in such a case: It is to be regretted that 
 we are left in the dark as to the occasion on which this poem was com- 
 posed, for we are thus deprived of the means of clearing up many of its 
 obscurities, and of becoming reconciled to many things in it which now 
 appear as blemishes upon a work which presents many extraordinary 
 beauties. 
 
 2 Your guest.] The Romans regarded hospitality as a permanent 
 mutual relation, and assigned to it a high place among the duties of life. 
 Aulus Gellius thus classifies social duties in the order in which they are 
 to be preferred when they happen to clash with each other — First, the 
 duty towards parents and guardians ; next, that towards clients and 
 adopted dependants ; thirdly, the duties of those who accepted or inter- 
 changed hospitality ; and lastly, duties towards kindred and relations. 
 The duties of hospitality, he says, are sometimes placed second. 
 
 3 The white robe.] The toga virilis, assumed at the age of puberty, and 
 which was of but one colour ; the boy's robe was bordered with purple. 
 
 4 / disported variously enough.] Some interpret this to mean, I toyed 
 
82 CATULLUS. 
 
 who mingles sweet bitterness l with our cares. But my brother's 
 death has absorbed all such tastes in grief. O my brother, 
 whose loss hath left me wretched ! Thou hast broken all my 
 enjoyments by thy death, brother ; our whole house is buried 
 along with thee ; with thee have perished all my delights, 
 which thy dear love fostered in thy lifetime. Since thy de- 
 parture I have wholly abandoned all my fondness for poetry, 
 and all my favourite pursuits. Therefore as for what you 
 write, that " It is a shame for Catullus to be at Verona, for 
 there a man of mark must warm his cold limbs in his solitary 
 bed ;" 2 /this is not shameful, Manlius ; say rather it is pitiable. 
 You will pardon me then if I do not send you those gifts of 
 which sorrow has bereft me, since I am unable. For that I 
 have no great stock of writings by me is a result of my living 
 at Rome; that is my home, my domicile ; there my life is 
 passed. Only one case of books 3 out of many has accom- 
 panied me to this place. This being so, I would not have 
 you conclude that it is from ill will, or illiberality of mind on 
 my part, that both your requests are not fulfilled. I would 
 
 with the Muses ; others, I dallied with love ; we rather think that 
 Catullus meant both. 
 
 1 Sweet bitterness.'] This was a familiar idea with the ancients, and 
 Byron's imitation of Lucretius has naturalized it in England : 
 
 Medio de fontedeporum 
 Surgit amari aliquid quod in ipsis floribus angat. 
 Full from the fount of joy's delicious springs 
 Some bitter o'er the flowers its bubbling venom flings. 
 Anacreon, Ode 45, describes the manufacture of Cupid's arrow-heads : 
 Vulcan forges them, Venus then dips them in honey, and Cupid after- 
 wards in gall. Claudian gives a somewhat different account of the mat- 
 ter : 
 
 Labuntur gemini fontes, hie dulcis, amarus 
 Alter, et infusis corrumpit melle venenis, 
 Unde Cupidineas armavit fima sagittas. 
 In Cypris' isle two rippling fountains fall, 
 And one with honey flows and one with gall ; 
 In these, if we may take the tale from fame, 
 The son of Venus dips his darts of flame. Moore. 
 
 2 It is a shame, &c] Lamb, and many others before him, have 
 strangely mistaken the meaning of this passage, as thougb it signified 
 that while Catullus buried himself in a provincial town, others were taking 
 the place he left vacant by Lesbia's side at home. 
 
 3 Case of books.] Capsula, a portable case in which the ancients kept 
 their books, whence the slaves who carried the books of patrician boys 
 when they went to school were called Capsarii. 
 
CATULLUS. 83 
 
 gladly send you both books and verses, if I had any supply of 
 them. 
 
 I cannot forbear, O goddesses, to tell in what things 
 Manlius has aided ine, and how great has been his kindness, 
 lest fleeting, oblivious time veil in obscurity this friendship of 
 his for me. But I will tell you all: do you tell it again to 
 many thousands, and make this paper talk of it when it shall 
 have become an ancient writing. ****** [Let him become 
 more and more famous when dead, *] and let not the pendent 
 spider, weaving her fine web, ply her work over the neglected 
 name of Manlius. 
 
 For you know, Muses, what anxiety wily Venus 2 caused 
 me, and in what manner -she fired my bosom ; when it boiled 
 like the bowels of ./Etna, or the Malian fountain in CEtaean 
 Thermopylae; 3 when my eyes were bedimmecl with incessant 
 tears, and my cheeks were wet with sad showers. As the 
 limpid stream bursts from the mossy stone on the airy moun- 
 tain's crest, and having rolled down the sloping valley, makes 
 its way through the midst of a dense population, presenting a 
 sweet refreshment to the weary traveller, when the oppressive 
 heat makes the parched fields crack and gape : and as a soft 
 and favouring wind comes to mariners whom a black tempest 
 has tossed, and who invoke the aid of Castor and Pollux ; such, 
 and so helpful has Manlius been to me. He widely extended 
 the limits of my narrow domain ; he gave me the house I dwell 
 in and its mistress, whom we might love in common. 4 Thither 
 
 1 Let him become, &c] Handius suspects this line to be an interpolation. 
 
 2 Wily Venus.] We agree with Muretus in thinking that the epithet 
 duplex has the same meaning as that in which Horace applies it to 
 Ulysses. Scaliger understands by it Venus Urania and the common 
 Venus. Vossius and Vulpius think it alludes to the Venus with two 
 faces, one of them bearded, who was worshipped by the people of 
 Amathus. 
 
 3 The Malian fountain, &c] Thermopylae is etymologically The Pass 
 of the Hot Wells: Oepfxbg, warm, TrvXn, gate. 
 
 4 Love in common.'] Vulpius quotes instances from Plautus and 
 other writers, to prove that this excess of friendship was not unusual 
 in Rome. An epigram in the Greek Anthology condemns the practice, 
 and thereby proves its existence ; and Donatus states that Virgil refused 
 an invitation from Varius to establish such an intimacy. It seems to be 
 generally taken for granted that the mistress here in question was Lesbia ; 
 but this is merely a conjecture, and a very improbable one, as it ap- 
 pears to us. 
 
 g 2 
 
84 CATULLUS. 
 
 my fair divinity turned her light steps, 1 and halted on the 
 threshold, pressing it with her shining foot and creaking san- 
 dals. 2 So came of yore Laodamia, 3 burning with love, to the 
 home of Protesilaus, a home she entered with hopes doomed to 
 be frustrated, since no victim had yet propitiated the lords of 
 heaven with consecrated blood. May nothing, O Nemesis, 
 ever engage my affections so strongly, as that I should rashly 
 enter upon its enjoyment without the sanction of the gods. 
 Laodamia learned by the loss of her husband how hungrily 
 the altar craves for sacrificial blood ; for she ivas compelled to 
 quit the neck of her lately wedded spouse, before a second 
 return of the long winter nights had so satisfied her eager love, 
 that sh\ could survive the dissolution of her marriage, which 
 the Fates knew would not be far remote in time, if her hus- 
 band went in arms to the walls of Ilium. For Troy had then 
 begun to provoke the leaders of the Greeks against it by the 
 rape of Helen : accursed Troy ! the common sepulchre of 
 Europe and Asia; Troy, the cruel grave of brave men and 
 noble qualities ; to which I also owe the lamentable death of 
 my brother. O brother, lost to my sorrow ! O light of glad- 
 ness, lost to thy wretched brother ! Our whole house is buried 
 with thee. With thee have perished all my delights, which 
 thy sweet love fostered in thy lifetime. Now, an alien land 
 holds thee so far from me, in its remote soil, laid not among 
 familiar tombs, not near kindred ashes, but buried in infamous, 
 unhappy Troy. 
 
 Thither hastened from all quarters the whole manhood of 
 Greece, forsaking their domestic hearths, that Paris might not 
 enjoy his stolen adulteress in the ease and freedom of a peace- 
 
 1 Light steps,'] Molli pedi: Noel, the French translator of Catullus, 
 understands by this, " The grace of a voluptuous gait ; a feminine at- 
 traction which was so highly prized, that we find it commemorated in 
 ancient inscriptions : Sermone lepido, turn autem incessu commodo. Pro- 
 perties has specified it in a pretty line : 
 
 Et canit, nt solent molliter ire pedes.'" 
 
 2 Creaking sandals.'] Arguta solea is susceptible of a different mean- 
 ing, viz. " small and pretty : " we prefer that which we have given, for 
 reasons which no lover will be at a loss to assign. 
 
 3 Laodamia.] Too fondly impatient to consummate her marriage with 
 Protesilaus, Laodamia neglected previously to propitiate the gods with 
 sacrifices. In revenge they caused her husband to be the first hero slain 
 before Troy. She desired to see his shade, and died embracing it. 
 
CATULLUS. 85 
 
 ful bed. Thus it happened that thou, O fairest Laodaniia, 
 wast bereft of a spouse dearer to thee than life and soul. A 
 very whirlpool of love had sucked thee in, and plunged thee 
 down a gulf as deep as the rich soil which the Greeks tell us 
 was dried by the drainage of the marsh near Cyllenean Phe- 
 neus, and which the falsely supposed son of Amphitryon is 
 said to have dug, when he cut through the hearts of moun- 
 tains, at the time when he smote the Stymphalian monsters 
 with his sure arrows, by command of a less valiant lord ; l that 
 the gateway of heaven might be trodden by a divinity the 
 more, and that Hebe 2 might not be long a virgin. But thy 
 deep love was deeper than that gulf which taught the god to 
 bear tamely the yoke of a master, 3 For no only daughter 
 rears a late-born child so dear to his aged grandsire, a child 
 who, when hope was almost gone, appears at last as heir to 
 his ancestral wealth, has had his name inserted in the attested 
 will, and thus extinguishing the unkindly joy of the baffled 
 next of kin, drives away the vulture that hovered over the 
 grandsire's hoary head ; 4 nor did any dove ever delight so 
 much in its snowy mate, (though that bird is said to surpass 
 all others in the indefatigable ardour of its billing kisses,) as 
 thou didst, Laodamia. though woman is pre-eminently incon- 
 stant. But thou alone didst surpass every great love ever 
 known, when once thou wast united with thy yellow-haired 
 husband. 5 
 
 1 The drainage of the marsh, &c] Hercules, son of Jupiter, by Alc- 
 mena, the wife of Amphitryon, was by an artifice of Juno's made subject 
 to his less heroic uterine brother Eurystheus. The two labours of Her- 
 cules, here mentioned, are the destruction of the monstrous birds of prey 
 that infested the neighbourhood of Stymphalus in Arcadia, and the drain- 
 ing of a marsh formed by the waters of the Pheneus, which he effected 
 by opening a passage through a mountain. 
 
 2 Hebe!\ Whom Hercules married after his reception into heaven, and 
 his reconciliation to her mother, Juno. 
 
 3 That taught the god, &c] The various readings of this passage are in- 
 numerable ; Muretus, one of the most judicious of commentators, frankly 
 confesses that he cannot make sense of it. It must be confessed that the 
 whole of this allusion to Hercules has very much the air of an illustra- 
 tion, dragged in by the head and shoulders. 
 
 4 The vulture, &c] That is, the heir at law, who watched like a 
 carrion bird of prey for the old man's death. 
 
 5 But thou alone, &c] Noel inclines to the opinion that the death of 
 Julia was the real theme of this poem, notwithstanding the mention of 
 the lady, who would seem to have anticipated Catullus in consoling the 
 
86 CATULLUS. 
 
 Worthy to yield to her in no respect, or but little, the light 
 of my life came to my bosom ; while often fluttering round 
 her here and there, fair Cupid shone in saffron tunic. And 
 though indeed she is not content with Catullus alone, I will 
 bear with the few infidelities of my discreet mistress, that I 
 may not make myself intolerable as fools do. [Often, even Juno, 
 the greatest of the celestial goddesses, raged at the daily faults 
 of her consort, knowing the many amours of most volatile 
 Jove. But it is not meet that men should be compared with 
 gods.] Let me be rid hoivever of the annoying burthen of her 
 fidgetty father. Why should he interfere ? For l she was not 
 delivered to me by a father's hand, when she came to my 
 house scented with Assyrian perfume ; but quitting the very 
 bosom of her husband, she bestowed furtive favours on me in 
 that delicious night. Enough then, if she gives to me alone 
 that day which she marks with a white stone. 
 
 I send you, Manlius, this gift of verse, the best I could 
 compose, in return for many acts of friendship, that this day, 
 or that, or another, may not touch your name with the un- 
 seemly rust of oblivion. May the gods add, moreover, all 
 kinds of gifts which Themis was wont to bestow on the vir- 
 tuous of yore. May you both be happy, yourself and she who 
 is your life ; and happy be the house in which we have dal- 
 lied, and its mistress, and he who first made me known to 
 you, and from whom all my good fortune was primarily de- 
 rived ; and happy beyond all others be that light of my days, 
 who is dearer to me than myself, and who while she lives 
 makes life sweet to me. 
 
 widower ; for he says that the ancients were not so squeamish in such 
 matters as the moderns. In confirmation of this conjecture, he asks : 
 " Would it be unreasonable to suppose that this digression about Laoda- 
 mia, which seems so foreign to the subject, is an allusion to the love of 
 Julia for Manlius,— Julia carried off like her in the bloom of youth ? " 
 
 1 Let me be rid, &c] We have given this line the only interpretation by 
 which it seems possible to connect it with the received context ; but the 
 latter bears obvious marks of some clumsy interpolater's handiwork. If 
 we reject Avith Handius the preceding passage enclosed between brackets, 
 the meaning will come out clearly thus : " Let me not be unreasonably 
 fretful about such slight grievances, after the manner of fools ; away with 
 the onerous and ungracious task of watching and chiding, like a fidgetty 
 parent rather than a lover." 
 
CATULLUS. 87 
 
 LXIX. TO RUFUS. 
 
 Wonder not, Rufus, why no woman will submit to your 
 embrace, nor why you can tempt none by the gift of a choice 
 robe, or an exquisite transparent gem. Your reputation suf- 
 fers from a certain ugly story that is current, to the effect that a 
 horrid buck goat is lodged in your armpits. They are all 
 afraid of him, and no wonder, for he is a very dreadful beast, 
 and one which no fair damsel could sleep along- side of. 
 "Wherefore either slay that dire foe to their noses, or cease to 
 wonder why the women shun you. 
 
 LXX. OX THE INCONSTANCY OF WOMAN'S LOVE. 
 
 My mistress says there is none she would rather wed than 
 me ; not though Jove himself should woo her. She says so : l 
 
 1 She says so.~\ Dicit. Noel traces a strong resemblance between this 
 epigram and one by Callimachus, especially in the graceful repetition, 
 which serves so well to introduce the closing thought. The Greek epi- 
 gram is to this effect : 
 
 " Calignotus has sworn to Ionis that he will never love any one better 
 than her. H e has sworn it : but it is a true saying that lovers' oaths do 
 not reach the ears of the immortals." 
 
 Some very pretty lines of similar tenor by Montemayor, a Spanish 
 poet, have frequently been imitated in English : 
 " One eve of beauty, when the sun 
 Was on the waves of Guadalquiver, 
 To gold converting one by one 
 
 The ripples of the mighty river ; 
 Beside me on the bank was seated 
 A Seville girl, with auburn hair, 
 And eyes that might the world have cheated, 
 A wild, bright, wicked diamond pair." 
 " She stoop'd and wrote upon the sand, 
 Just as the loving sun was going, 
 With such a soft, small, shining hand, 
 
 You would have sworn 'twas silver flowing. 
 Three words she wrote and not one more ; 
 
 What could Diana's motto be ? 
 The syren wrote upon the shore : 
 " Death, not inconstancy." 
 " And then her two large languid eyes 
 
 So turn'd on mine, that, devil take me, 
 I set the air on fire with sighs, 
 And was the fool she chose to make me. 
 
88 CATULLUS. 
 
 but what a woman says to an eager lover, should be written 
 on the wind and the running water. 
 
 LXXI. TO .VERRO. 
 
 If ever, Verro, any worthy was infested with a cursed buck- 
 goatish effluvia from his armpits ; or if hobbling gout ever 
 deservedly racked any one, that rival of yours, who supplants 
 you in your love, has with marvellous fitness acquired both 
 maladies ; for as often as he enjoys his conquest, he avenges 
 you on the pair ; her he stifles with his rank smell, and he 
 himself is half killed by the gout. 
 
 LXXII. TO LESBIA. 
 
 You used once'to say, Lesbia, that you knew none but your 
 own Catullus, and that you would not prefer even Jove to me. 
 I loved you then not merely as men commonly love a mistress, 
 but as a father loves his sons and his sons-in-law. Now I 
 know you. Wherefore though I burn for you more vehe- 
 mently than ever, yet are you much more despicable and 
 worthless in my eyes. How can this be ? you ask. Because 
 such wrongs as mine compel a lover to love more, but to like 
 less. 
 
 LXXIII. ON AN INGRATE. 
 
 Cease to wish to deserve well of any one, or to think that 
 any one can be made faithfully observant of his obligations. 
 The whole world is ungrateful : kind acts are of no avail ; 
 nay, they even weary, they weary and offend rather. [So it is 
 in my own case ; for no one pursues me with more acrimonious 
 hostility than he who but lately had in me his one only friend. 1 ] 
 
 LXXIV. ON GELLIUS. 2 [See Metrical Version.] 
 
 Saint Francis would have been deceived 
 
 By such an eye, and such a hand : 
 But one week more, and I believed 
 
 As much the woman as the sand." 
 
 1 So it is, &c] The passage enclosed between brackets is palpably 
 spurious. 
 
 2 On Gellius.~\ Les oncles sont grondeurs ; Gellius n' ignorait pas que 
 le sien declamait en rigoriste outre contre les propos gais et les galantes 
 
CATULLUS. 89 
 
 LXXV. TO LESBIA. 
 
 No woman can say truly she has been loved so well as 
 thou, my Lesbia, hast been loved by me. Never was so much 
 faith observed in any compact as hath been manifested on my 
 part in my love for thee^J Now is my mind brought to this pass 
 by thy perfidy, my Lesbia, and has so lost itself in its devotion 
 to thee, that I can neither like thee, shouldst thou become 
 faultless, nor cease to love thee, do what thou wilt. 
 
 LXXVI. TO HIMSELF. 
 
 If there be any pleasure to a man in the remembrance of 
 former good deeds, when he considers that his conduct 
 is upright, 2 and that he has not broken sacred faith, or 
 abused the sanction of the gods, in any compact, to the de- 
 ception of men ; many delights remain in store for thee, 
 Catullus, for long years to come, out of that ill-requited love 
 of thine. For all the kindness that men can show to any one 
 by word or deed, has been evinced in thy words and deeds ; 
 but all has been lavished in vain on a thankless mind. Why 
 then torture thyself more ? Why not summon up resolution 
 enough to withdraw utterly from that illusion, and cease to be 
 wretched in defiance of the gods ? 3 : It is hard to put off sud- 
 
 fredaines. L' habile neveu a commence par interesser sa tante en sa 
 faveur, et a fini par faire de son oncle un Harpocrate. C etait le moyen 
 de reussir ; car, pour faire taire la censure, il n' y a rien de mieux que 
 de fermer la boucbe au censeur. Noel. 
 
 There were two persons of the name of Gellius at Rome in the time 
 of Catullus — an uncle and nephew. The first was a notorious profligate, 
 who had wasted his patrimony, and afterwards headed mobs in the forum 
 for hire (Cicero, pro Sextio, c. 51). The nephew was equally dissolute. 
 After the death of Caesar he conspired to assassinate Cassius in the midst 
 of his army, and having been pardoned, deserted to Antony. One of the 
 various crimes of which he was suspected identifies him as the Gellius 
 branded by our poet, and whose vices were so enormous that all the 
 water of the sea could not wash him clean, (lxxxvii.) 
 
 1 For thee.'] The first part of this poem, as far as the words "for thee," 
 appears in some editions as a separate poem or fragment, numbered 
 lxxxvii. 
 
 2 Upright.] Pium; a term which implies a conscientious regard for 
 all social as well as religious duties. 
 
 3 In defiance of the gods.] Viz. Venus and Cupid. 
 
90 CATULLUS. 
 
 denly a long-cherished love : it is hard, but do it how thou 
 mayest. This is thine only safety ; this must be achieved by 
 thee ; this thou shalt do, be it possible or impossible. O ye 
 gods, if it is your attribute to have pity, or if ever you 
 granted aid to mortals in the very crisis of mortal agony, look 
 upon my misery ; and if I have led a pure life, pluck from me 
 this plague and destruction, which, creeping like a lethargy 
 through every fibre of my frame, has expelled all gladness 
 from my breast. I do not now ask that she may love me in 
 return, or, what is impossible, that she should be chaste ; I 
 desire myself to be healed, and to cast off this dire disease. 
 Grant me this, gods, in reward of my piety. 
 
 LXXVII. TO RUFUS. 
 
 Rufus, whom fruitlessly and in vain I treated as a friend ; 
 fruitlessly ? nay, to my great loss and damage ; hast thou thus 
 cajoled me, and consuming my vitals, ravished from me all 
 my joys ? Thou hast ravished them from me. cruel poison 
 of my life ! plague of my friendship ! And now I grieve 
 that thou hast beslavered my girl's sweet lips with thy filthy 
 kisses. But thou shalt not escape with impunity; for all 
 ages shall know thee, and long-lived fame shall tell what 
 thou art. 
 
 LXXVIII. ON GALLUS. 
 
 Gallus has brothers, one of whom has a very charming 
 wife ; the other a charming son. Gallus is a nice man ; for 
 he panders sweetly, and puts the handsome aunt and the 
 handsome nephew to bed together. Gallus is a fool ; for he 
 does not stop to consider that he is a husband and an uncle, 
 before he demonstrates how an uncle may be made a cuckold. 
 
 LXXIX. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 Gelltus is handsome : who can doubt it ? since Lesbia 
 prefers him to you, Catullus, and your whole race. Neverthe- 
 less this handsome youth is at liberty to sell Catullus and his 
 race, if he find three men of condition to salute him. 
 
 LXXX. TO GELLIUS. 1 [See Metrical Version.'] 
 1 To Gellius.] Nous diras tu, Gellius, pourquoi tes levres de rose out 
 
CATULLUS. 91 
 
 LXXXI. TO JUVENTIUS. 
 
 Was there no one in so great a multitude, Juventius, no 
 nice fellow, to whom you might take it into your head to be- 
 come attached, besides that host of yours from deadly malari- 
 ous Pisaurum, 1 wanner then a gilded statue ; who is now 
 dear to you, whom you dare to prefer to me ? Ah ! you know 
 not what you do. 
 
 LXXXII. TO QUINTIUS. 
 
 If you would have Catullus owe his eyes to you, Quintius, 
 or aught else dearer to him than his eyes, if such thing there 
 be, do not ravish from him what is much dearer to him than 
 his eyes, or than anything still dearer. 
 
 LXXXIII. ON LESBIA'S HUSBAND. 
 
 Lesbia says all sorts of abusive things of me, when her 
 husband is by, and this is a great delight to that numskull. 
 Ass ! do you not see that if she forgot me and said nothing, 
 she would be all right ? Whereas now she snarls and rails, she 
 not only remembers, but what is worse, she is angry: that is 
 to say, she is on fire and she speaks. 
 
 LXXXIV. ON AREIUS. 
 
 Whenever Arrius had occasion to say the word commodi- 
 ous he would say chommodious, and hinsidious when he meant 
 insidious, and he hoped that he had spoken marvellously well 
 when he had aspirated hinsidious as much as he could. I be- 
 lieve his mother, his uncle Liber, and his maternal grand- 
 father and grandmother spoke thus. When he was sent into 
 Syria, our ears had all a respite, for they heard the same words 
 
 pris la blancheur de la neige, lorsque dans les longs jours d' ct6, la huiti- 
 hme heure t' arrache a la mollesse d' un repos voluptueux ? En croirons 
 nous les bruits qui t' accusent de preter ta bouche a d' infames complais- 
 sances ? II le faut bien ; 1' epuisement de ton ami Victor, et les traces 
 honteuses que conservent tes levres decolorees, ne deposent que trop 
 contre vous deux. Noel. 
 
 1 Pisaurum.] A town of Umbria noted for its insalubrity, now called 
 Pesaro. Vossius says tbat in his time it had the same character, and 
 there were few old inhabitants there. 
 
92 CATULLUS. 
 
 pronounced smoothly and lightly. Thenceforth they had no 
 dread of them, when suddenly the horrible news arrives, that 
 the Ionian waves, after Arrius had gone thither, were no 
 longer Ionian but Hionian. 
 
 LXXXV. ON HIS LOVE. 
 
 I hate and love. You ask perhaps how can that be. I 
 know not ; but I feel that it is so, and I am tortured. 1 
 
 LXXXVI. ON QUINTIA AND LESBIA. 
 Qulntia is handsome in the opinion of many ; in mine she 
 is fair, tall, straight ; this I acknowledge ; I admit these 
 several details, but that aggregate "handsome" I deny; for 
 there is no loveliness, not a grain of piquancy, in her whole 
 person, large as it is. Lesbia is handsome ; for, beautiful all 
 over as she is, she combines in her single self all the graces 
 stolen from her whole sex. 
 
 LXXXVII. [See note on LXXV.] 
 LXXXVIII. AGAINST GELLIUS. 
 
 What does he do,Grellius, who indulges his prurience with 
 his mother and his sister, and is naked and busy all night ? 
 What does he do, who suffers not his uncle to be a husband ? 
 Have you any idea, what a load of guilt he takes upon him ? 
 He takes upon him, Gellius, so much as not Tethys to her far- 
 thest bounds, not Oceanus the farthest of the Nymphs, can 
 wash away. 1 For there is no possible kind or form of guilt 
 which can exceed this : Non si demisso se ipse voret capite. 
 
 LXXXIX. ON GELLIUS. 
 Gellius is thin ; and why not ? when he has such a kind 
 
 1 / hate and love, &c] The reader may perhaps like to hear the opinion 
 of the pure and saintly Fenelon concerning our obscene pagan author. 
 " Catullus," he says, " whom we cannot name without shuddering at his 
 obscenities, is perfection itself in impassioned simplicity. Odi et amo, 
 &c. Compare him here with Ovid and Martial ; how far inferior are their 
 ingenious and artificial points to these unadorned words, in which the 
 suffering heart talks with itself alone in an access of despair." 
 
 2 Wash aicay.~] The ancients believed the sea had the virtue to 
 purge moral impurity, and that not typically or metaphorically, but in 
 reality. 
 
CATULLUS. 93 
 
 mother, such a buxom and comely sister, such a good easy 
 uncle, and such lots of female cousins, 1 how should he cease 
 to be lean ? Though he never touches anything but what it is 
 nefarious to touch, you will find cause enough why he should 
 be as lean as you please. 
 
 XC. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 Let there be born from the nefarious commerce of 
 Gellius and his mother a Magus, who shall learn the Persian 
 system of augury. For a Magus must be born of a mother 
 and her son, if the impious religion of the Persians is true, 
 that their offspring may worship the gods with acceptable hymns, 
 melting the fat omentum 2 in the flame of the altar. 
 
 XCI. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 It was not because I know you well, Gellius, and thought 
 you constant, or capable of refraining from infamous villany, 
 that I hoped you would be faithful to me in this matter of my 
 wretched, my desperate love ; but because I saw that this girl, 
 for whom I was consumed with passion, was neither your 
 mother nor your sister ; and though I had the experience of 
 much personal intercourse to guide my judgment, I did not 
 believe that there was enough in such a case to tempt you. 
 You thought there was ; so great is your delight in every of- 
 fence in which there is some mixture of enormous guilt. 
 
 XCII. OX LESBIA. 
 
 Lesbia always abuses me, and never ceases to talk about 
 me. May I die but Lesbia loves me. How does that appear ? 
 As if I am not perpetually reviling her just as much ; yet may 
 I die but I love her. 3 
 
 1 Lots of female cousins.] Omnia plena puellis cognatis. This very 
 idiomatic expression is frequently used by Latin authors. Omnia mise- 
 riarum jylenissvna. Cic. Epist. 24, L. ii., ad Attic. Lac-rymis omnia 
 plena, Tibul. Eleg. 9, L. i. 
 
 2 Omentum.'] The fat of the victim, wrapped in the omentum, a mem- 
 brane that covers the intestines, "was thrown into the fire on the altar, and 
 auguries were drawn from the appearance of the flame. 
 
 3 Lesbia, &c] Bussy de Rabutinhas pretty well imitated this epigram : 
 
94 CATULLUS. 
 
 XCIII. ON CAESAR. 
 
 I do not greatly care to court your good will, Caesar, nor to 
 know whether you are white or black. 
 
 XCIV. AGAINST MENTULA. 
 
 The flesh sins : certainly the flesh sins. That is as much 
 as to say, The pot gathers garden stuff for the pot. 1 
 
 XCV. ON THE " SMYRNA" OF THE POET CINNA.* 
 
 At last my friend Cinna's Smyrna is published, after the 
 lapse of nine years since it was begun ; whereas Hortensius 
 has in the mean while thrown off his fifty thousand verses in 
 one ***** The Smyrna shall reach as far as the 
 deep waves of Atrax ; 3 distant ages shall peruse the Smyrna ; 
 but the Annals of Volusius * * * and shall often furnish 
 loose wrappers for mackarel. The brief works of my friend 
 Cinna are precious to me * * ; but let the mob delight in 
 the turgid Antimachus. 4 
 
 Phillis dit le diable de moi ; 
 De son amour et de sa foi 
 C'est une preuve assez nouvelle : 
 Ce qui me fait croire pourtant 
 Qu' elle m' aime effeotisement, 
 C'est que je dis le diable d'elle, 
 Et que je l'aime eperdument. 
 
 1 The flesh, &c] There is a double meaning in the original, and the 
 translator can give but half of it. Mcntula, synonymous with penis, is a 
 nickname applied by Catullus to Mamurra, of whom he says (cxv.) that 
 he is not a man, but a great thundering mentula. Maherault has hap- 
 pily rendered the meaning of the epigram in French, in which language 
 there is an equivalent for Mentula, that is to say, a man's name which is 
 also a popular synonyme for what characterizes the god Priapus. " Jean 
 Chouard fornique; eh! sans doute, c'est bien Jean Chouard. C'est 
 ainsi qu'on peut dire que c'est la marmite qui cueille les choux." 
 
 2 The Smyrna.'] The author of this lost poem was the unlucky Cinna, 
 who was torn " for his bad verses " by Antony's mob after the assassina- 
 tion of Cassar. The text of this poem is defective in three places. 
 
 3 Atrax.~] A town and river of Thessaly,- introduced here merely to 
 express distance. Volusius' Annals have been before celebrated. 
 
 4 Turgid Antimachus.'] A Greek poet who wrote an Epic poem on the 
 Theban war ; and having composed twenty-four books without mention- 
 ing Thebes, unfortunately died, and never got to his subject in this 
 world. His name is used here for any prolix and tiresome poet. 
 
CATULLUS. 95 
 
 XCVI. TO CALVUS ON QUINTILIA. 
 
 If anything pleasing and acceptable can accrue to the mute 
 grave from our sorrow, Calvus, and from the yearning with 
 which we revive the memory of old loves, and weep over long- 
 lost friendships ; l surely Quintilia mourns less her premature 
 death, than she is gladdened by your love. 
 
 XCVII. ON ^MILIUS. 2 [See Metrical Version.} 
 
 XCVIII. TO VETTIUS. 3 
 
 To you, stinking Vettius, if to any one, may be applied 
 what is said to babblers and fools. With that tongue of yours 
 
 1 The yearning, &c] "The two lines of the original," says Lamb, 
 " beginning Quo desideris, flow with a sweet melancholy that defies imi- 
 tation. Shakspeare has a sonnet much resembling it in idea and ex- 
 pression : 
 
 When to the sessions of sweet silent thought 
 
 I summon up remembrance of things past, 
 
 I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought, 
 
 And with old woes new wail my time's dear waste. 
 
 Then can I drown an eye (unused to flow) 
 
 For precious friends hid in death's dateless night, 
 
 And weep afresh love's long since cancell'd woe, 
 
 And moan th' expense of many a ravish'd sight. 
 
 2 On 2Emilius7\ There is in the Greek Anthology a similar epigram 
 by Nicarchus, which has been thus translated by Grotius : 
 
 Non culo, Theodore, minus tibi foetida bucca est 
 
 Noscere discrimen sit sapientis opus. 
 Scribere debueras hie podex est meus, hie os : 
 
 Nunc tu cum pedas atque loquare simul, 
 Discere non valeo, quid venerit inde vel inde ; 
 
 Vipera namque infra sibilat atque supra. 
 
 3 To Vettius.] Justus Lipsius has written a dissertation with regard 
 to Vettius, whom he supposes to be the person mentioned in Cicero's Let- 
 ters to Atticus, and by Suetonius, as having been suborned by Caesar to 
 allow himself to be seized with a weapon on his person, and to confess 
 that he had been employed by the chiefs of the senate to assassinate 
 Pompey — a device contrived by Caesar in order to set Pompey and the 
 senate at variance. Vettius was strangled in prison, and Cicero charged 
 Vatinius with the murder. He had previously served Cicero as a spy in 
 the affair of Catiline's conspiracy, and had accused Csesar of being impli- 
 cated in it. He was a dirty fellow (see Poem liv.) and ready for any 
 dirty work. 
 
96 CATULLUS. 
 
 you may wipe cowkeepers' shoes and nastier things yet, if you 
 have occasion. If you wish utterly to destroy us all, Vettius, 
 open your mouth ; you will effect your purpose to a certainty 
 
 XCIX, TO 
 
 I snatched from you, while you played, honeyed one, a kiss 
 sweeter than sweet ambrosia ; but not with impunity ; for 
 I remember that I hung for more than an hour on the cross, all 
 the while endeavouring to excuse myself, but unable to abate 
 your cruelty in the least. For as soon as the act was committed, 
 you rinsed your lips again and again, and rubbed them with 
 every joint of your fingers- ; that no particle from my mouth 
 should remain on them, as though it were the filthy slaver of 
 a common trull. Moreover you have never ceased to subject 
 my miserable being to the despites of love, and to torture me 
 in every way : so that now that kiss is changed for me from 
 ambrosia to be bitterer than bitter hellebore. Since such is 
 the penalty you impose on unfortunate love, never more will 
 I steal kisses. 
 
 C. ON CCELIUS AND QUINCTiUS. 1 [See Metrical Version^ 
 
 CI. FUNERAL CEREMONIES AT HIS BROTHER'S TOMB. 
 
 Through many nations, over many seas I am come, bro- 
 ther, to these sad funeral rites, to bestow upon thee the last 
 gifts to the dead, and vainly to address thy mute ashes, since 
 fortune has bereft me of thyself, ah ! poor brother, cruelly 
 taken from me ! Now then accept those gifts, profusely 
 watered with a brother's tears, which the ancient usage, de- 
 rived from our ancestors, prescribes for the sad rites of the 
 grave ; and now for ever hail, brother, and farewell ! 
 
 1 On Ccelius and Quinctius.~\ Coelius et Quincthis, la flenr de la jeu- 
 nesse de Verone, brulent tous deux, 1' un pour Aufilenus, 1' autre pour 
 Aufilena. Voila ce qu' on pent appeler une charmante confraternite. 
 Pour qui seront mes voeux ? Pour 1' ami du frere, on pour 1' amant de 
 la soeur ? Ccelius ! j' ai trop reconnu la sincerite de ton amitie, lors 
 que les feux d' amour qui m' embrasaient me rendaient son indulgence 
 necessaire. Puisse done 1' amour couronner tes ardeurs ! Puisses tu 
 1e montrer digne des faveurs de 1' amour ! 
 
CATULLUS. 97 
 
 CIL TO CORNELIUS. 
 
 If ever anything was committed by a confiding friend to 
 the secret keeping of another whose fidelity was thoroughly 
 known, you will find me too, Cornelius, religiously bound to 
 secrecy ; so think that I am become Harpocrates. 
 
 cm. TO SILO. 
 
 Either be good enough to return me ten thousand sesterces, 
 and then be as surly and savage as you please ; or if you like 
 the money too ivell, cease, I beg, to be a pimp, and at the same 
 time surly and savage. 
 
 CIV. TO A CERTAIN PERSON, CONCERNING LESBIA. 
 
 Do you believe that I could revile my life, who is dearer to 
 me than both my eyes ? I neither could do so, nor if I could, 
 should I love her so desperately. But you invent all sorts of 
 monstrous things with your friend the tavern-keeper. 
 
 CV. ON MENTULA. 
 
 Mentula strives to climb the Pimplcean mountain : the' 
 Muses pitch him down headlong with forks. 
 
 CVI. ON A BOY AND A PUBLIC CRIER. 1 [See Metrical Version.] 
 
 CYII. TO LESBIA. 
 
 If ever any one who desires and longs for anything, but has 
 no hope of it, obtains the object of his wishes, then is it pecu- 
 liarly welcome to his soul : therefore it is welcome to me, and 
 more precious than gold, that you, Lesbia, restore yourself to 
 my longing breast. You restore yourself, and of your own 
 accord give yourself back to me unexpectedly. O day of 
 whiter mark ! Who can say what happier man lives than I, 
 or what there is more to be desired in life than this ? 
 
 1 On a Boy, &c] Un crieur paraitre en public a cote" <T un jeune et 
 beau garqon ! C est done pour afficher qu' il est a vendre et qu' il 
 cherche chaland ? 
 
98 CATULLUS. 
 
 CVIII. ON COMINIUS. 
 
 If your hoary age, Cominius, defiled by foul habits, were to 
 perish by the sentence of the people, I make no doubt but that 
 your tongue, so hostile to the good, would be cut out and 
 thrown to a vulture ; the crow would pick out your eyes and 
 swallow them down its black throat ; dogs would devour your 
 intestines, and wolves the rest of your carcase. 
 
 CIX. TO LESBIA. 
 
 My life, my Lesbia, you profess that this love of ours shall 
 be mutually fond and perpetual. Great gods ! grant that she 
 may be able to promise truly, and that she say this sincerely 
 and from her soul ; that we may be permitted to maintain 
 throughout our lives this hallowed bond of affection. 
 
 CX. TO ATJFILENA. 
 
 Good friendly wenches are always praised, Aufilena ; they 
 take the price of what they mean to perform. But you are the 
 reverse of good and friendly, because you have made me 
 promises and not kept them ; and forasmuch as you never 
 give, and often take, you are criminal. It became you, Au- 
 filena, either as a frank, honest girl to keep your word, or as 
 a modest girl not to promise. But to clutch what is given 
 you, and bilk the giver, exceeds the infamy of the greediest 
 harlot, that prostitutes herself with her whole body. 
 
 CXI. TO AUFILENA. 
 
 To live content with one husband, Aufilena, is the first 
 among the choicest glories of married women ; but it is allow- 
 able to yield to any lover, rather than to be the mother of one's 
 s german. 1 
 
 CXII. ON NASO.s [See Metrical Version.] 
 
 1 Cousins german.'] Fratres ex patruo. Uncles' sons were called fratres 
 or fraires patrueles. Thus in Ovid, Ajax claims as a brother's right the 
 arms of his dead cousin Achilles : Frater erat , fratema peto. Metam. 13. 
 
 2 On Naso.] A tes yeux, Nason, tu es un grand personnage. Mais 
 comment concilier cette haute opinion de toi raeme avec 1' etrange hu- 
 miliation a la quelle tu te soumets ? 
 
 own cousins german. 1 
 
CATULLUS. 99 
 
 CXIII. TO CINNA. 
 When Pompey was consul the first time, there were two 
 known adulterers in Rome ; when he was again made consul, 
 the number was still two ; but several thousands have been 
 superadded to each one of the pair. Adultery is prolific. 
 
 CXIV. ON MENTULA. 
 Your Formian estate, Mentula, is not untruly reputed rich, 
 for how many fine things does it comprise ! Feathered game of 
 all kinds, fish, beasts, pasture and arable lands. All in vain ; 
 for your expenditure exceeds the income. I grant then your 
 estate is rich, but you are destitute ; let us praise the wealth of 
 your estate, but you are a beggar. 
 
 CXV. AGAINST MENTULA. 
 
 Mentula has something like thirty acres of meadow and 
 forty of arable land : the rest is as wide as the sea. Why can 
 he not surpass Croesus in wealth, who possesses so many fine 
 things in one domain ; meadows, arable land, vast woods 
 and forests, and marshes, stretching away to the world's end 
 and to the ocean ? All these are great ; but greatest of all. 
 by far is himself, no man, but truly a great threatening 
 
 MENTULA. 
 
 CXYI. TO GELLIUS. 
 
 Though often inquiring how I might send you the poems of 
 Battiades to be carefully investigated, that so I might soften 
 you towards me, and that you might not attempt to prick my 
 head with your gnat's sting ; I now see that I took all this 
 trouble in vain, Gellius, and that my prayers to that effect 
 were of no avail. 1 So then I will ward oif your weapons with 
 my cloak alone, but you shall suffer condign punishment, pierced 
 by mine. 
 
 1 Though often inquiring, &c] On this epigram Lamb remarks ; 
 " From the former poems on Gellius, it would not be expected to find Ca- 
 tullus at last trying to conciliate him by the compliment of asking for his 
 criticisms. This poem however shows that it was so, and that the attempt 
 had failed." We notice this remark as an instance of the false inferences 
 often drawn from the order in which the poems of Catullus are arranged, 
 as if that was chronological. For aught we know to the contrary, this 
 epigram is just as likely to have been the first as the last addressed to 
 Gellius. 
 
 H 2 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 1 
 
 To-morrow let those love, who have never loved ; let those 
 who have loved, love to-morrow. 
 
 The new spring is come, the warbling spring, the season 
 in which the world was born. In spring the loves impel to 
 union ; in spring the birds mate together, and the woods, 
 quickened by prolific showers, shake loose their locks of ver- 
 dure. To-morrow she who knits the bonds of love will visit 
 the shady groves, and twine the myrtle sprays into green 
 bowers : to-morrow, seated on her lofty throne, Dione pub- 
 lishes her edicts. 
 
 To-morrow, 8cc. 
 
 It was in spring that, from its foamy womb, impregnated 
 by celestial blood, the mighty deep produced Dione, 2 floating 
 
 1 The Vigil of Venus. ~\ This pretty poem has been by turns ascribed 
 to a great number of authors, among the rest, to Catullus ; but all the 
 learned are now agreed that it is certainly the work of an anonymous 
 writer, and probably of the second cenkiry, if not of later date. The 
 language of the piece is evidently that of an age of degenerate Latinity, 
 and in its florid luxuriance, as well as in certain peculiarities of expres- 
 sion, it exhibits the closest affinity to that African school, of which 
 Apuleius is the most remarkable example. When the poem was first 
 rescued from oblivion by Pierre Pithou and Claude Saumaise, the text 
 was corrupt in every line, sometimes in every word of a line ; and al- 
 though much labour has since been bestowed on its correction, its condi- 
 tion in many places is still far from satisfactory. The subject of the 
 poem is the Festival of Venus, which was celebrated on the first three 
 days of April, beginning at nightfall on the last day of March. For, 
 says Macrobius, Saturnal. i. 21, " When the sun ascends above the 
 lower parts of the earth, and passes the bounds of the vernal equinox, 
 lengthening the days, then is Venus glad, the fair fields are green with 
 corn, the meadows with grass, the trees with leaves. For this reason our 
 forefathers dedicated the month of April to Venus." 
 
 2 Produced Dione.] The " celestial blood " of which Dione or Venus 
 was engendered, was that which fell from the god Coelus, when he was 
 mutilated by his son Saturn, the father of Jove. 
 
CATULLUS. 101 
 
 over the waves, amidst the azure throngs of Tritons and 
 JVereids, and the biped horses. 1 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 She paints the year with flowers that purple it as with 
 gems ; she urges the buds, swelling with the breath of Zephyr, 
 into the warm bridal bed of air ; 2 she scatters the bright dewy 
 moisture left by the humid air of night ; how its tears glitter 
 and tremble as if they would fall ; but each pendent drop re- 
 mains self-balanced by its little orb. That moisture which 
 the stars shed in the calm night loosens the virgin buds in the 
 morning from their humid robe, and displays the crimson 
 blushes of the flower. She has commanded that to-morrow 
 all the virgins shall wear roses. The rose tinged with the blood 
 of Venus, 3 perfumed by the kisses of Love, and glowing with 
 the lustre of gems, of flames, of the sun's orient splendours, 
 to-morrow will not be ashamed to loose as a bride her last 
 knot, and display the crimson concealed beneath her robe of 
 fire. 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 The goddess hath bidden the Nymphs assemble in the myrtle 
 grove. Her boy accompanies them; but Love cannot be 
 trusted as a harmless associate in the festival if he carries his 
 arrows. G-o, Nymphs ; Love has laid aside his arms, he is 
 harmless. He is ordered to go unarmed and naked, that he 
 may do no mischief with his bow, or his arrows, or his torch. 
 Yet, Nymphs, beware, for Cupid is beautiful. Love is all 
 armed even when he is naked. 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 1 Biped horses.'] The horses of Neptune were, like seals, famished 
 only with fore feet, and these were webbed. 
 
 - The toarm bridal bed of air, ,] We read with Lipsius in toros iepentis. 
 3 The blood of Venus.'] The following epigram tells how this happened : 
 
 Ilia quidem studiosa suum defendere Adonim, 
 
 Gradivus stricto quern petit ense ferox, 
 Affixit duris vestigia coeca rosetis, 
 
 Albaque divino picta cruore rosa est. 
 
 While the enamour'd queen of joy 
 Flies to protect her lovely boy, 
 
 On whom the jealous war-god rushes ; 
 She treads upon a thorned rose, 
 And while the wound with crimson flows, 
 
 The snowy flowret feels her blood, and blushes ! Moors. 
 
102 CATULLUS. 
 
 Virgin of Delos, Venus sends thee virgins modest as thy- 
 self. There is one thing we beg of thee. Leave this grove 
 to her awhile unsullied by the slaughters of the chase. She 
 would fain invite thee if thy maiden modesty would yield to 
 her prayer. She would gladly see thee at her festival if the 
 scene were not repugnant to thy virgin mind. For three 
 nights thou wouldst see the festive choirs, crowned with 
 flowers, wandering through the groves, or disporting in its 
 myrtle bowers. Ceres and Bacchus 1 will be there, and the 
 god of the poets ; the whole wakeful night will resound with 
 song. Dione shall reign in the woods ; give place to her, 
 Delia. 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 The goddess hath commanded a tribunal to be reared of 
 flowers of Hybla. She will preside there ; the Graces will 
 be her assessors. Hybla, pour out every flower that the year 
 produces ; Hybla, cast forth a tapestry of flowers, vast as that 
 which adorns the plain of Enna. Hither will come the Nymphs 
 of the fields and the mountains, and those that dwell in forests, 
 groves, and streams. The mother of the winged boy has 
 bidden them all to attend, and has enjoined them not to trust 
 Love though he be naked. 
 
 To-morrow let those love, who have never loved ; let those 
 who have loved, love to-morrow, and weave a verdant shade 
 with new-opened flowers. The day returns to-morrow on 
 
 1 Ceres and Bacchns.~\ Every one knows the aphorism in Terence's 
 Eunuch, " Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus," " Without Ceres and 
 Bacchus Venus freezes ;" or, as Le Noble oddly paraphrases it, 
 
 Point de beau feu sans la marmite ; 
 
 Mille accidens m'ont convaincu 
 
 Que l'Amour n'est qu'un froid-au-cu, 
 
 Si Ceres et Bacchus ne marchent a sa suite. 
 
 After the line of the original beginning Nee Ceres, nee Bacchus, Lipsius 
 places the four following, which he believes to be by the author of the 
 Vigil : 
 
 Hie Apollo, deinde Liber hie videtur ignifer ; 
 
 Ambo flammis sunt creati, prosatique ex ignibus ; 
 
 Ambo de comis calorem, vite, radio conserunt : 
 
 Noctis hie rumpit tenebras, hie tenebras pectoris. 
 
 " Here are seen Apollo and fire-giving Bacchus ; both were born of flames 
 and begotten of fire ; both shed warmth from what crowns their brows, 
 the vine, and the rays : the one bursts the gloom of night, the other the 
 gloom of the breast." 
 
CATULLUS. 103 
 
 which the primal aether consummated its nuptials ; 1 that he, 
 the father of the dew, might beget the year with his innu- 
 merable clouds. The bridegroom-shower flowed into the bo- 
 som of his genial spouse, and spread throughout her vast body- 
 to nurture all its germs of life. The great procreant goddess 
 herself breathing through all the veins and the mind, governs 
 them with occult powers ; suffuses her penetrating influence 
 by every channel of generation through heaven and earth, 
 and the sea's depths ; and bids the world know the ways of 
 reproduction. 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 She transported the Trojan Penates to the shores of La- 
 tium ; she gave the Laurentian maid as a spouse to her son 
 ./Eneas ; she gave a chaste vestal to the arms of Mars ; she 
 effected the marriage of the Romans with the Sabines, whence 
 sprang the Ramnes and the Quirites, and for the weal of 
 Romulus's remote descendants — the Caesars, father and ne- 
 phew. 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 
 
 The goddess of Pleasure fructifies the fields ; they feel the 
 presence of Yenus ; Love himself, Dione's son, is said to 
 have been born among them. 2 It was when they were in their 
 season of parturition that his mother first folded him to her 
 bosom, and she reared his infancy on the perfumed juice of 
 flowers. 
 
 To-morrow, &c 
 
 1 Consummated its nuptials.'] Of all marriages the most ancient is that 
 of the air with the earth, and it is renewed every year in spring. This 
 idea, and the very forms in which it is here expressed, are taken from 
 Virgil, Georg. ii. 325. Stanley cites a kindred passage from Euripides, 
 which he thus renders : 
 
 How far Cythera's power extends 
 
 No speech, no fancy comprehends. 
 
 Me, thee, and all she doth sustain. 
 
 The barren earth affects the rain : 
 
 Heaven big with showers, this Queen of Loves 
 
 To fall into Earth's bosom moves : 
 
 These two, commixed with mutual heat, 
 
 All things that serve mankind, beget. 
 
 2 Love himself, &c] Tibullus gives the same account of the birth of 
 Love, Book ii. El. 1. 
 
104 CATULLUS. 
 
 The bonds of marriage bind all creatures. See the bulls 
 spread their broad flanks over the brooms ; the bleating ewes 
 flock to the shade with the rams ; the lakes resound with the 
 hoarse voice of the swan ; and the goddess has forbidden the 
 tuneful birds to be silent. The nightingale sings in the shade 
 of the poplar, that you would suppose she was uttering in 
 music the emotions of love, not that she was complaining to 
 her sister of the barbarity of Tereus. She sings : we are silent ! 
 When shall my spring come ? When shall I be like Chelidon, 
 and silent never more ? I have lost the Muse's favour by 
 keeping silence, and Phoebus no longer regards me. So was 
 Amyclae undone by silence. 1 
 
 To-morrow, &c. 2 
 
 1 Amyclce undone by silence.] Amyclae was a town of Italy between 
 Cuieta and Terracina. Its people having been frequently terrified by false 
 alarms of the approach of besiegers, passed a law forbidding that any 
 one should make report of danger on any grounds whatever. The be- 
 siegers came at last, and the place was taken by surprise. 
 
 2 It was with reference to this poem that Dousa (Van des Deos) plan- 
 ned a hoax upon his learned contemporaries, like that which Muretus 
 practised on Scaliger. He gave out that one of his friends had seen 
 another Vigil in a library in France, and had retained these four lines of 
 it in his memory — 
 
 Nemo tentis mentulis det, nemo nervis otium. 
 
 Ecce passeres salaces, ecce rauci turtures, 
 
 Hac super virenti myrto nos amoris admonent. 
 
 Nemo tentis, etc. 
 The trick succeeded ; the learned unanimously recognised the genuine 
 air of antiquity in this fragment ; and when they were undeceived, they 
 consoled them as Scaliger had done, by virulently abusing the clever 
 mystifier. 
 
ELEGIES OF TIBULLUS. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 ELEGY I. J 
 
 Let another heap up wealthy store of yellow gold, 2 and 
 hold many thousand acres 3 of cultivated land; so shall he be 
 troubled with incessant dread of the approaching enemy, and 
 his sleep be scared by the trumpet's blast. As for me, let 
 my poverty consign me to a life without excitement, whilst the 
 
 1 Elegy /.] An invitation from Messala to accompany him to the wars, 
 with a view to repairing the poet's fortunes, appears to have been the 
 occasion of this Elegy, in which Tibullus declares his determination to 
 abandon the pursuit of wealth and power, and to retire to the country, 
 there to lead a life of calm and simple enjoyment with the girl of his 
 heart. We may confidently fix the date of the poem about the begin- 
 ning of b. c 31, the year in which Messala won the battle of Actium 
 for Octavius. According to Scaliger and Bronkhusius, whose arrange- 
 ment of the text we generally follow, this Elegy consists of 92 lines : 
 H eyrie and the Vulgate give it 78. Tibullus has suffered a twofold injury 
 at 'the hands of ignorant copyists, who, not content with mutilating and 
 changing his words, have in many instances broken the order of his 
 lines, and shuffled them about in pairs and in scores in the most ran- 
 dom manner. 
 
 2 Gold, &c] The poet here specifies wealth in money and wealth in 
 land, both however with reference to the " praemia militiee." The soldier 
 acquired gold by direct plunder from his foes, and at this period it was the 
 practice to make an assignment of land to each veteran when discharged 
 from service. 
 
 1 Mci7iy acres.'] Jugera. The Roman jugerum contained two actus, 
 the actus being a square whose side was one hundred and twenty Roman 
 feet. The Roman foot was equal to 11*64 English inches. From these 
 data it is easily calculated that the jugerum was not quite two-thirds of 
 an English acre. 
 
106 TIBULLUS. 
 
 fire on my hearth is always bright ; 1 nor let hope disappoint 
 me, but always yield me heaps of fruit, and a vat full of rich 
 must. Myself a rustic, I will plant my tender vines and large 
 apples with ready hand in due season. Nor yet will I shame 
 to handle the fork at times, or to hasten the slow oxen with 
 the goad. I will not be loth to carry home the lamb in my 
 bosom, or the kid deserted by its mother. Here it is my 
 yearly custom to fumigate my shepherd, and to sprinkle the 
 altar of the placid Pales 2 with milk ; for I revere every 
 divinity, whether a forlorn bole in the fields, or an old stone in 
 a forking of the roads bear flowery garlands ; and whatever 
 apples the new year rears for me, their firstlings are placed 
 before the goddess of the fields. 
 
 Yellow Ceres, let there be a crown woven from the corn- 
 ears of our crop, to hang before the door of thy temple ; and 
 let Priapus, ruddy 3 guardian, stand in my orchard to frighten 
 the birds with his menacing sickle. And you too receive 
 your offerings, my Lares, 4 guardians of a once rich, now poor, 
 
 1 The fire — always bright. ,] Assiduo luceat igne focus : or, if we read 
 exiguo, for which there is equal MS. authority, " whilst my hearth shines 
 with a small fire." The chief objection to assiduo is the occurrence of 
 the same word three lines before. On the other hand exiguo would per- 
 haps imply sordid poverty, as Ramsay remarks. The " blazing hearth" 
 was the emblem of domestic comfort among the Romans as well as among 
 ourselves. There is a sepulchral inscription preserved in Fabretti, c. iv. 
 283, apparently engraved by a husband as a memorial to his wife and 
 friend, which concludes with these words, — tvnc. mevs.*assidve. semper. 
 
 BENE LVX1T. AMICE. FOCVS. 
 
 2 Pales.'] The goddess of shepherds. See II. v. 
 
 3 Ruddy.'] Ruber. Painted with vermilion. See Virg. E. x. 26. 
 Pliny has a curious passage (N. H. xxxiii. 7) on the custom practised 
 by the early Romans of adorning the faces of their gods, and even the 
 bodies of their triumphant generals, triumphantumque corpora, with red 
 paint. Camillus, he says, followed that fashion when he triumphed. 
 
 4 Lares.] The word Lar is of Tuscan origin, and in that language 
 was a title of honour, equivalent, apparently, to chief or prince. Thus we 
 read of Lar Porsenna, king of Clusium, Lar Tolumnius, king of the 
 Veiientes. The testimony of those among the Romans who were best quali- 
 fied to form an opinion upon such a subject is so precise that we can enter- 
 tain no doubt that, according to the popular belief, the deities denominated 
 Lares were certain spirits of dead men, who were supposed to watch over 
 and protect the living. They were very numerous, and were ranked in 
 classes according to the departments over which they presided, the first 
 grand division being into private and public Lares. The former were 
 tutelary spirits who received the homage of all the individuals residing 
 under the same roof. The spot peculiarly sacred to them was the focus 
 
TIBULLUS. 107 
 
 domain. In those days a slaughtered calf was the propitia- 
 tory sacrifice for vast herds ; now a lamb is a sumptuous vic- 
 tim to come from my small estate. A lamb shall fall before 
 you, and round it the rustic youth shall cry : " Io ! give us a 
 plenteous harvest and a good vintage." Favour us with your 
 presence, gods ; scorn not the gifts of a poor table, nor liba- 
 tions from clean pottery. Such vessels the husbandman of 
 yore made for himself and formed them of ductile clay. 
 
 And you, ye thieves and wolves, spare my few heads of 
 cattle, and take your prey from large herds. I do not regret 
 the wealth of my fathers, and the plenty which their stored 
 harvests afforded of yore. For me a small crop is enough ; it 
 is enough to rest under my own roof, if I may, and to stretch 
 my limbs on my wonted couch. How delightful it is to hear 
 the pitiless winds as we lie in bed, and fold the mistress we 
 love to our bosom; or when the wintry south wind pours 
 down its sleety waters, to sleep on securely, lulled by the 
 plashing rain ! Let this be my lot. Let him grow rich, as is 
 but fair, who can bear the rage of the sea and the dismal rain. 
 Now I, who am content to live on a little, cannot do this, nor 
 can I be alway resigned to long wayfaring ; l but my choice is 
 
 or hearth, situated in the principal apartment (atrium), and considered - 
 the central point of the mansion. ' Here stood the altar for domestic 
 sacrifice, and near to this there was usually a niche, containing little 
 images of these gods, and denominated lararium cedimla, which in the 
 sumptuous palaces of later times was not unl'requently enlarged into a 
 chapel with magnificent decorations. The public Lares were of several 
 kinds : e. g. Lares Rurales, guardians of flocks, herds, and fruits of the 
 earth : the poet addresses these in the lines before us : Lares Compitales, 
 worshipped at the spot where two or more roads crossed ; Lares Prcestites, 
 protectors of the city, &c. &c. The Lares bear a striking resemblance to 
 the saints of modern Italy. Moreover the holy books of the Etruscans 
 described certain sacred rites, by means of which the souls of men might 
 be changed into gods, a process somewhat analogous to canonization. 
 The Penates were the deities worshipped in the perms, or innermost part 
 of the house. Penates is a generic term, and includes the Lares and cer- 
 tain other gods who were worshipped at the hearth, especially Vesta, who 
 was herself the Goddess of the Hearth. — Ramsay. 
 1 Note I, who am content, &c] 
 
 Jam modo non possum contentus vivere parvo, 
 Nee semper longee deditus esse vise. 
 The first of these lines has greatly perplexed all the editors ; for, separ- 
 ated from its true context, and punctuated as above, it seems to express 
 the very reverse of its author's undoubted meaning. The difficulty arises 
 
108 TIBULLUS. 
 
 to shun the heat when the sultry dogstar is in the ascendant, 
 reposing under the shade of foliage, beside the running stream. 1 
 Oh perish all the gold and gems 2 in the world rather than any 
 girl should weep for my wayfaring ! 
 
 It is for thee, Messala, to war by land and sea, that thy 
 house may display the spoils of the foe. Me the bonds of a 
 fair girl hold captive, and I sit like a gate-keeper 3 before her 
 obdurate door. I care not to be praised, my Delia ; only let 
 me be with thee, and I am content to be called slow and 
 
 entirely from the dislocation we have spoken of in a preceding note ; for 
 in most editions the foregoing twenty-five lines, from "Adsitis divi," 
 " Favour us with your presence, gods," down to " ferre potest pluvias," 
 " can bear, &c. the dismal rain," are printed out of their proper place. 
 After their restoration to it, nothing more is wanted to make the sense 
 quite clear, except a comma after possum. 
 
 1 Under the shade of foliage, &c] In Dunlop's notice of Catullus (Hist. 
 Rom. Lit.) we find a passage which commends itself especially to the reader 
 of Tibullus : " The Romans, and particularly the Roman poets, as if the 
 rustic spirit of their Italian ancestry was not altogether banished by the 
 buildings of Rome, appear to have had a genuine and exquisite relish for 
 the delights of the country ; not as we are apt to enjoy it, for the sake of 
 exercise or field sports, but for its amenity and repose, and the mental 
 tranquillity which it diffused. With them it seems to have been truly — 
 
 ' The relish for the calm delight 
 
 Of verdant fields and fountains bright ; 
 
 Trees that nod on sloping hills, 
 
 And caves that echo tinkling rills.' 
 Love of the country among the Romans thus became conjoined with the 
 idea of a life of pastoral tranquillity and retirement, a life of friendship, 
 liberty, and repose, free from labour and from care, and from all turbu- 
 lent passions. Scenes of this kind delight and interest us supremely, 
 whether they be painted as what is hoped or what is enjoyed. We feel 
 how natural it is for a mind with a certain disposition to relaxation and 
 indolence, when fatigued with the bustle of life, to long for serenity and 
 quiet, and for those sequestered scenes in which they can be most exqui- 
 sitely enjoyed. There is much less of this in the writings of the Greeks, 
 who were originally a seafaring and piratical, not, like the Italians, a pas- 
 toral, people. It is thus that even in their highest stage of refinement 
 the manners and feelings of nations bear some affinity to their original 
 rudeness, though that rudeness itself has been imperceptibly converted 
 into a source of elegance and ornament." 
 
 2 Gems.'] Smaragdi. It appears extremely probable that the ancients 
 gave this name not merely to the precious gem which we call an emerald, 
 but also to fluor spar, green vitrified lava, (green Iceland agate,) green 
 jasper, and green glass. 
 
 3 i" sit, &c] A remark of Heyne's happily disposes of the apparent 
 incongruity between the two images of wearing chains and sitting as a 
 door-keeper. Porters in Rome were chained to the doors. 
 
TIBULLUS. 109 
 
 spiritless. Let me be free to joke my oxen ; so I be but with 
 thee, my Delia, and to feed my flock on the lone mountain ; 
 and, if I may but hold thee in my fond arms, soft be my sleep 
 on the rude ground ! What boots it to lie down on a Tyrian 
 couch without favouring love, when the sleepless night must 
 be passed in tears ? Yain then are down, and richly dyed 
 tapestry, and even the gentle murmuring of water, to induce 
 slumber. The man were iron who, when he could have thee, 
 should stupidly prefer to follow arms and rapine. He may 
 drive before him vanquished troops of Cilicians, and pitch 
 his martial camp on the conquered soil ; caparisoned all over 
 with gold and silver, he may bestride his swift steed in all the 
 pomp of his glory. Let me behold thee when my last hour is 
 come, thee let me hold with my dying hand. 1 Thou wilt weep, 
 Delia, when I am laid on the funeral pile, and thou wilt give 
 me kisses mingled with sad tears ; thy bosom is not cased in 
 hard iron, nor hast thou flint in thy tender heart. No youth, 
 no virgin will be able to return from that funeral with dry 
 eyes. But pain not my Manes ; spare thy dishevelled hair, 
 Delia, and spare thy tender cheeks. 
 
 Meanwhile, as long as the fates permit, let us indulge our 
 mutual love. Soon death will come with its head wrapt in 
 gloom ; soon sluggish age will creep upon us ; nor will it be 
 seemly to love or to talk amorously with hoary heads. Now 
 is our time to ply light Venus, whilst we may without blush- 
 ing break doors, and commit riotous frolics. In this warfare 
 I am a captain and a good soldier. Banners and trumpets, 
 begone ! Bestow wounds and rich booty on heroes who long 
 for them ; as for me, secure in the store I possess, I will 
 despise both opulence and penury. 
 
 1 Let me behold thee.] No other poet so often introduces the dismal 
 images of death. Tibullus does not, like Anacreon or Catullus, present 
 them for a moment, or on the back-ground of his pictures of joy, but ex- 
 hibits them at full length and on the front of the canvass. When he 
 thinks of death he thinks so profoundly, and so long contemplates its 
 image, that the ideas it suggests must have occupied a large space in his 
 soul. Even to the most joyous thoughts of Tibullus some mournful or 
 plaintive sentiment is generally united, and his most gay and smiling 
 figures wear chaplets of cypress on their brows. While deeming himself 
 happy in comparison with the great Messala, because he will pass his life 
 unknown in the arms of Delia, he thus concludes his address to this be- 
 loved mistress : " Let me behold thee," &c. Dunlop. 
 
110 TIBULLUS. 
 
 ELEGY II. 
 
 More wine ! Lull my new pains with wine, till sleep hold 
 my weary eyes in subjection. Let no one wake me as I lie 
 with my brain drenched by Bacchus, and have a respite from 
 the wretchedness of love. Let me drink; for a stern watch 
 is set upon my girl, and the obdurate door is firmly barred 
 upon her for the night. Surly door, may the rain beat upon 
 thee, may the lightning smite thee by Jove's command. 
 Open, door, for me only, subdued by my plaintive entreaties, 
 and make no noise as thou turnest stealthily on thy hinges. 
 And if my crazy passion has given thee any bad words, par- 
 don me ; let them be upon my own head, I pray. Remember 
 all the thousand things I said to thee in suppliant tone, when 
 I hung thy frame with garlands of flowers. 2 And thou too, 
 Delia, be not afraid to elude thy guards. Be venturous ; 
 Venus herself aids the bold. She favours enterprise whether 
 some youth assays new thresholds or a girl opens the barred 
 doors. She teaches how to creep stealthily out of the soft 
 bed ; how to step with noiseless foot ; how to converse in 
 speaking signs in presence of a husband, and to convey hidden 
 phrases of soft import in preconcerted tokens. 
 
 Nor does she teach this to all, but only to those who are 
 neither laggards, nor forbidden by fear to rise in the dark night. 
 As for me, when I wander anxiously over the whole city in 
 darkness, Venus makes me fearless in the darkness, nor does 
 she let any one meet me to wound my body with steel, or to 
 
 1 Elegy II.] Delia having married during her lover's absence from 
 Rome, he tries to drown his grief in wine. Then he alternately abuses 
 and coaxes her obdurate door, and begs her to summon courage enough 
 to admit him, assuring her that he has procured magic means to hinder 
 all discovery. 
 
 2 Garlands.] We have already seen that this kind of gallantry was 
 much practised by the Romans : thus Lucretius : 
 
 At lacrimans exclusus amator limina seepe 
 Floribus, et sertis operit, postesque superbos 
 Ungit amaracyno. 
 
 Meantime excluded, and exposed to cold, 
 
 The whining lover stands before the gates, 
 
 And there with humble adoration waits ; 
 
 Crowning with flowers the threshold and the floor, 
 
 And printing kisses on the obdurate door. Dryden. 
 
TIBTJLLTJS. Ill 
 
 make booty of my garments. 1 Whoever is possessed by love, 
 may go where he will, safe and sacred ; it is not for him to 
 fear any lurking dangers. I am not hurt by the numbing 
 cold of the winter nights ; nor when the rain falls in torrents ; 
 all this does not harm me, if only Delia unclose the door, 
 and mutely summon me to the beck of her finger. Man or 
 woman who come in my way, hold off with lights ! Venus 
 chooses that her thefts should be concealed. Alarm me not 
 with the sound of your feet ; ask not my name, nor bring the 
 light of a blazing torch near me. If any indiscreet person see 
 me, let him forget who I am, and swear by all the gods he 
 does not know me. For should any one chatter, he shall be 
 made to feel that Venus is born of blood and of the swiftly- 
 roused sea. 
 
 Your husband however will not believe this impertinent 
 meddler, as a truth-telling sorceress hath assured me by means 
 of her magic art. I have seen her draw down the stars from 
 heaven ; she turns the course of the swift lightning by her 
 incantations ; she cleaves the earth, brings out the Manes from 
 the sepulchres, and calls down the bones from the still 
 smouldering pile. Now she makes the infernal hosts swarm 
 round her with her magic screamings, and now she bids them 
 be gone, sprinkling them with milk. When she pleases, she 
 sweeps away the clouds from the sombre sky ; when she 
 pleases, she calls down the snow in summer by a word from 
 her mouth. She is said to possess alone all the evil herbs 
 known to Medea, alone to have brought the fierce dogs of He- 
 cate under subjection. This witch has composed for me chants 
 by which you may deceive all eyes. Chant thrice, spit thrice 2 
 after reciting the charm ; your husband will be unable to be- 
 
 1 To wound my body, &c] During the civil Avars, and for a long time 
 after them, Rome Avas full of thieves and cut-throats. 
 
 2 Spit thrice.'] The poor IrisliAvoman who spits for luck on the first 
 coin she takes in the day, has classical authority for the practice. The 
 reader who wishes to be informed of the many uses made of spittle in 
 medicine, in magic, in expiations, in averting Avitchcraft, and in concili- 
 ating love, may consult Pliny the Elder, and those commentators Avhom 
 Brockhusius has quoted. The Romans had great faith in it as a pre- 
 servative against fascination. Accordingly on the day when an infant 
 Avas named (the eighth after birth for girls, the ninth for boys) the grand- 
 mother or aunt, walking round it in a ring, rubbed, with her middle ringer, 
 the child's forehead Avith spittle, which was hence called lustralis saliva. 
 The occult potency of odd numbers is well known. 
 
112 
 
 TIBULLUS. 
 
 lieve any one's tale about us, or even himself though he see 
 us with his own eyes on the soft bed. Abstain however from 
 others ; for he will discern all else ; of me alone he will know 
 nothing. 
 
 What shall I think of it ? This same witch actually told 
 me that she could dissolve my love by incantations or herbs. 
 She fumigated me with torches, and a black victim was sa- 
 crificed in the dead of night to the magic gods. I prayed not 
 that my love should wholly depart, but that it should be re- 
 ciprocated; nor can I wish to be able to live without you. 1 
 
 ELEGY III. 8 
 
 You will traverse the JEgean waves without me, Messala ; 
 may the gods grant that you and your followers remember me. 
 Phceacia 3 detains me, a sick man in her unknown land : keep 
 off thy hands, violent death ; keep them off, black death, I 
 implore. My mother is not here to gather my burned bones to 
 her sad bosom ; nor my sister to pour Assyrian odours on my 
 ashes, and weep with dishevelled hair before my sepulchre. 
 There is no Delia here, who, when she was about to let me go 
 from the city, is said to have first consulted all the gods. 
 Thrice she drew the boy's sacred lots ; 4 the boy brought 
 
 1 To live without you.~\ Though this is evidently the conclusion of the 
 Elegy, yet some editors have strangely tacked to it " Ferreus ille fuit," 
 and the thirteen following lines, which belong to the first Elegy. And not 
 content with this, they have forced " Num Veneris magna?," and the 
 seven succeeding verses, from their natural place in the fifth Elegy of this 
 book, and have added them to the other transposition. 
 
 2 Elegy III.'] Soon after his successful campaign in Aquitania, Mes- 
 sala was despatched by Augustus on a mission to the East. Tibullus 
 formed one of his retinue, but was taken ill and compelled to remain 
 behind at Corcyra, where this Elegy was composed, b. c. 29. 
 
 2 Phceacia.] The island of Corcyra, now Corfu. 
 
 4 The lots.] Sortes. These were of various kinds. The first words 
 spoken by the virgin in the temple of Juno were the sortes in cases of 
 marriage ; as the first spoken by a boy in the high-way, gave the omen 
 commonly depended upon before a journey was undertaken. An example 
 will better explain this obscure piece of superstition. A lady who was 
 betrothed went with a young companion to the temple of the goddess of 
 marriage to watch the first words spoken by a woman. Anxiously at- 
 tentive, she seated herself while her companion stood. Two hours having 
 passed without a word being uttered, or anybody entering the temple, 
 the younger at last said, " My dear, I am tired ; will you permit me to 
 
TIBULLUS. 113 
 
 her news of sure omens from the streets. Everything prog- 
 nosticated my return, yet nothing could hinder her from weep- 
 ing and turning to look after me as I went. I myself, to 
 console her, when I had already given orders for my departure, 
 still anxiously sought for pretexts to delay ; and alleged 
 either an unpromising appearance of the birds, or dire omens, 
 or that Saturn's unlucky day 1 detained me. Oh how often 
 at the outset of my journey did I say that a stumble at the 
 threshold 2 had given me sinister warning ! Let no one dare 
 to set out on a journey in spite of love, or if he does, let him 
 know that his course is begun under the prohibition of the 
 god. 
 
 What does your Isis for me now, Delia ? What avail me 
 those brazen sistra of hers so often shaken by your hand ? 3 
 Or what am I the better for remembering that, while you 
 were pursuing her rites, you bathed purely and lay alone in 
 
 sit in your chair a little ? " These were the first words. The sequel ac- 
 corded with them. The betrothed lady died soon after, and the other was 
 married to the bridegroom in her stead. Another way of taking the lots 
 was by means of slips of parchment or pieces of wood, upon which certain 
 words or sentences were inscribed. They were shuffled together in a box 
 or urn ; one was drawn or shaken out at random, and a conclusion drawn 
 from the import of its inscription. Fortune-tellers drove a brisk trade in 
 Rome, and frequented the Forum, the Circus Maximus, and other places 
 of public resort. In the case before us, Delia sent a boy to a place where 
 three ways met, that he might watch for an omen ; or if we read trinis 
 instead of triviis, she employed him to draw the lots from the urn three 
 times — the mystical number. 
 
 1 Saturn's unlucky day.~\ It was doubtless from observing the conduct 
 of the Jews on their sabbath, which corresponded with Saturn's day, 
 (Saturday,) that the superstitious Romans thought that an unlucky day 
 to begin a journey. Thus Ovid, A. A. i. 415, 
 
 Quaque dies redeunt rebus minus apta gerendis 
 Culta Palaestino septima sacra Syro. 
 " The passage before us," says Ramsay, " is remarkable as being the first 
 in which we find mention of a day of the week named after a planet, 
 and it is by no means certain that the planetary names for the other six 
 were at this time known to the Romans." 
 
 2 Stumble at the threshold.] The worst of all omens to a person set- 
 ting out upon a journey, or about to begin any important undertaking. 
 
 3 Sistrum.~\ A bronze instrument which the worshippers of Isis held 
 in their hands, and shook whilst performing their devotions. It re- 
 sembled the frame of a racket or battledore in miniature, with trans- 
 verse rods loosely fitted in, by means of which a jingling sound was 
 produced. 
 
114 TIBULLUS. 
 
 a pure bed. Now, now, goddess, succour me ; for that man 
 may be healed by thee, is proved by many a picture in thy 
 temples. Let my Delia, dressed in linen, 1 sit before thy sacred 
 doors, performing vigils vowed for me ; and twice a day, with 
 hair unbound, conspicuous among the Pharian crowd, let her 
 recite thy due praises ; but be it my lot to celebrate my native 
 Penates, and to offer monthly incense to my ancient Lar. 
 
 How happily men lived when Saturn reigned, before the 
 earth was laid open by long roads ! Not yet had the pine 
 contemned the azure waves, and shaken put its bellying sails 
 to the winds, nor had the roving mariner, seeking gain in un- 
 known lands, loaded his ship with foreign merchandise. In 
 those days the strong bull did not bear the yoke ; the horse 
 did not champ the bit in his subject mouth ; no house had 
 doors ; there was no stone fixed on the fields, to mark the 
 precise boundaries of each man's crop ; the very oaks yielded 
 honey, and the sheep spontaneously offered their milky udders, 
 and gave no trouble to those who wanted them. There were 
 no armies, no enmity, no wars ; nor had the cruel smith forged 
 the sword with ruthless art. 
 
 Now under the rule of Jove, slaughter and swords are in- 
 cessant ; now sea and land offer a thousand ways of sudden 
 death. Spare me, Father ; I have not a conscience frightened 
 by any perjuries, or impious words uttered against the holy 
 gods. But if I have now completed my destined years, let a 
 stone stand over my bones, with this inscription : — Here lies 
 Tibullus, consumed by pitiless death, while following Messala 
 by land and sea. < 
 
 But because I am always obsequious to tender Love, Venus 
 herself will conduct me to the Elysian fields. There dance 
 and song are perpetual, and birds flitting in all directions 
 warble sweetly with their small throats. The uncultivated 
 vegetation bears cinnamon, and the benignant ground blooms 
 all over with fragrant roses. Groups of youth sport with 
 
 1 Linen.'] The priests of Egypt were compelled to pay the most scru- 
 pulous regard to personal cleanliness. To insure this, they shaved their 
 heads, and wore no garments but such as were made of linen, and per- 
 haps cotton. It appears from this passage that the worshippers of Isis, 
 when they appeared at his shrine, wore habits of this description, which 
 would be very remarkable at Rome, where the clothing of all ranks was 
 chiefly woollen. The fullest account of the worship of Isis is given by 
 Apuleius in the eleventh book of his Metamorphoses. 
 
TIBULLUS. 115 
 
 tender damsels, and love incessantly mingles them in pleasing 
 strife. There is the place of every one whom rapacious death 
 interrupts in the midst of his love, and he bears myrtle wreaths 
 on his distinguished head. 
 
 But the abode of guilt lies buried in deep night, and black 
 floods roar around it. There rages Tisiphone with fierce 
 tangled snakes for hair, and the crowd of the wicked flies 
 hither and thither before her. Black Cerberus hisses with 
 his serpents l at the entrance, and watches before the brazen 
 gates. There the guilty limbs of Ixion, who dared to attempt 
 Juno, are whirled round on the rapid wheel, and Tityos, ex- 
 tended over nine acres of ground, feeds the ever-ravening 
 birds with his dark entrails. Tantalus is there, with a lake 
 around him ; but the water baffles his hot thirst just as he is 
 about to drink : and the children of Danaus, who committed 
 sacrilege against Venus, carry the water of Lethe into pierced 
 casks. There let him be, whosoever troubled my love, and 
 wished for me the tedious anxieties of warfare. 
 
 But, Delia, remain faithful, I implore, and let an old woman 
 always sit by your side, a sedulous guardian of your sacred 
 modesty. Let her tell you stories, and fill long spindles with 
 the threads she draws from the distaff by lamp-light ; and let 
 the girl near her, intent on her busy task, yield gradually to 
 sleep and leave off her work. Then I will come suddenly ; 
 no one shall announce me, but I shall seem to you as if I had 
 dropped from the sky. Then run to me, Delia, just as you 
 are, with bare feet and your long hair in disorder. This is my 
 prayer ; may fair Aurora bring us that bright day with her 
 rosy horses. 
 
 ELEGY IV. 8 
 
 So may you always have a shady canopy, Priapus, to de- 
 fend your head from sun and snow ; but tell me by what 
 
 1 Cerberus hisses, &c] The three-headed dog Cerberus had a crest 
 and mane of hissing serpents, and the tail of a dragon. 
 
 2 Elegy IV.] Unsuccessful in an amour, Tibullus consults Priapus, 
 who delivers so animated a lecture on the art of conducting such matters, 
 that his pupil at once proclaims himself advanced to the ranks of a pro- 
 fessor ; but ends by confessing that he has still much to learn. Bach 
 thinks it probable the date of the poem is not earlier than b. c. 24. The 
 translator has been compelled to be unfaithful to the origiual with regard 
 
 i 2 
 
116 TIBDLLUS. 
 
 cunning art of yours do you captivate the fair ? Truly your 
 beard is not glossy, your hair is not neat ; naked you endure 
 the winter's frost, and naked you endure the parching season 
 of the dog-star. 
 
 So said I, and thus answered the rustic son of Bacchus 
 armed with his curved sickle. " Be not disheartened, if haply 
 a girl refuse you at first ; by degrees she will give her neck to 
 t]ie yoke. Time has taught lions to obey man ; with time soft 
 water cuts its way through stone. A year ripens the grapes 
 on the sunny hills ; a year brings round the changes of the 
 constellations in sure order. Be not afraid to swear ; the 
 oaths broken in the sight of Venus the winds scatter over 
 bind and sea. For this, great thanks to Jove : the great father 
 himself has forbidden to have any force, whatever oaths 
 thoughtless love may have eagerly sworn ; and Diana allows 
 you to pledge yourself with impunity by her arrows, and 
 Minerva by her hair. But if you are not prompt you will 
 miss all. Time passes away ! The day does not stand still, 
 or return. How soon the earth loses its brilliant hues! How 
 soon the tall poplar its comely tresses ! How helpless lies, 
 when the fates of old age are come upon him, the courser that 
 was first to bound forth from the Elasan starting-place. I have 
 seen one who was but now a youth, lamenting, when graver 
 years pressed upon him, the days that had passed foolishly 
 away. Cruel gods ! the serpent casts his skin and comes forth 
 anew every year : but the Fates have granted no delay to 
 beauty. Eternal youth belongs to Phoebus and Bacchus alone, 
 for unshorn locks adorn both gods. 
 
 " Whatever your fair one has a mind to do, let her have 
 her own way. Love achieves many victories by compliance. 
 Do not refuse to accompany her, though a long journey 
 is intended, and the fiery dog-star parches the fields ; though 
 the watery bow, marking the sky with its parti-coloured 
 dyes, portend the coming rain. Or if she desires to roam 
 over the azure waves, ply the oar yourself and speed the light 
 bark over the waters. Grudge not to undergo hard labour, 
 and to chafe your hands unused to such work. And if she 
 wishes to enclose deep valleys with the hunter's toils, let not 
 
 to gender. This change has occasioned some awkwardness in a few 
 places ; but without it the poem, which is one of the most elegant of the 
 author's works, could not have been presented in English. 
 
TIBULLL'S. 117 
 
 your shoulders refuse to carry the nets, if so you may please 
 her. If she will practise arms, you will try to fence with a 
 light hand, and often expose your unguarded side that she may 
 make a hit. Then she will be indulgent ; then you will be 
 allowed to snatch sweet kisses ; she will struggle, but give 
 them after all. First she will give what you steal ; afterwards 
 she will offer them for you to take, and at last she will freely 
 clasp your neck. 
 
 " Alas, how vilely these times treat unfortunate art. The 
 tender girl is now grown used to desire presents. Kow may 
 the stone press wretchedly on thy bones, whoever thou art, 
 that first taught Venus to sell her favours. love the Muses, 
 young beauties, and love learned poets ; let not golden gifts out- 
 do the Muses. Through song is the hair of Nisus ! purple ; if 
 song were not, ivory would not have shone from the shoulder 
 of Pelops. Whom the Muses extol, shall live whilst the earth 
 has trees, the sky has stars, the river rolls waters. But whoso 
 hears not the Muses, whoso [buys or] sells love, be it theirs 
 to follow the chariot of Idan Ops, let them fill three hundred 
 cities with their wanderings, and mutilate their vile bodies in 
 Phrygian fashion. Yenus desires that there be room for the 
 winning ways of courtship ; she favours plaintive supplica- 
 tions and piteous tears." 
 
 These precepts the god delivered to me that I might sing 
 them to Titia, but Titia's spouse bids her not mind them. 
 " O beware of trusting the amorous crowd of youths," he says, 
 " for they never want a plausible pretext for love. This one 
 finds favour because he reins the steed with address ; that 
 one, because he cleaves the calm waters with snowy breast ; 
 another captivates, because he is strong and daring; and a 
 fourth, because maiden modesty sits upon his soft cheeks." 
 
 Let her obey her monitor ; but as for you, whom the wily 
 boy maltreats, extol me as your guide and master. To each 
 belongs her own glory ; to me let all lovers who are scorned 
 come for consultation : my door is open to them all. The 
 time will come when a studious crowd of youths will attend 
 the aged Tibullus as he expounds the doctrines of Venus. 
 
 Alas, alas, with what slow tortures Titia racks me. Vain 
 
 1 The hair of Nisus.'] Nisus, king of Megara, had among his white 
 locks a single purple one, on the preservation of which his life depended. 
 Ovid, Met. viii. 8. 
 
118 TIBULLUS. 
 
 are all my arts, vain all my wiles. Spare me, Titia, I implore, 
 let me not become the laughing-stock of my acolytes, when 
 they see how idle is the science I profess. 
 
 ELEGY V. 1 
 
 I was cross, and said that I could bear a rupture well, but 
 now my brave boasting is far away ; for I am whirled like the 
 top 2 which the nimble boy with practised skill lashes along 
 the smooth ground. Burn, torture me for my insolence ; cure 
 me of all desire to talk big in future ; put down my bluster- 
 ing. Yet spare me, I implore you, by our confederate bed- 
 thefts, by Venus, and by your own comely head. 
 
 I am he who is declared to have snatched you from the 
 grasp of death by my vows when you lay overcome by griev- 
 ous illness. I myself performed fumigations round you with 
 pure sulphur, whilst the old woman was busied with magic 
 incantations. I took care that you should not be troubled 
 with painful dreams, which I caused to be charmed away by 
 a thrice-consecrated cake. 3 Veiled in linen, with robes un- 
 bound, I paid nine vows to Trivia in the silent night. I did 
 all ; another now enjoys your love, and is happy in the fruits 
 of my prayers ; whilst, fool that I was, I pictured to myself 
 the happy life that should be mine, if you were saved; but the 
 gods opposed my hopes. 
 
 I will cultivate my fields ; my Delia will be the keeper of 
 my garners, whilst the harvest is threshed under the hot sun ; 
 or she will keep my grapes in full baskets, and my rich must 
 pressed with nimble feet. She will grow used to number 
 
 1 Elegy V. ] Tibullus recants the boast he had made, that he could easily 
 reconcile himself to the loss of Delia, and pleads to her the care he had 
 bestowed when she was ill, and the hopes he had built on her recovery. 
 Bach concludes from internal evidence that the Elegy was written not 
 earlier than b. c. 29. 
 
 2 Like the top.] No poet perhaps ever used fewer similes than Tibullus. 
 The principal object always employed him too much to think of resem- 
 blances. Virgil has applied the simile of the top to Amata in the seventh 
 book of the ^Eneid ; as Valerius Flaccus does to Medea in the eighth 
 book of his Argonautus. Things of no dignity in themselves become im- 
 portant in the hands of a real poet. — Grainger. 
 
 3 Thrice-consecrated cake.~\ This cake, which was made three times a 
 year by the Vestal virgins, was a composition of flour and two kinds of 
 salt. 
 
T1BULLUS. 119 
 
 my flock ; the prattling boy born in my house will grow used 
 to play on the lap of my mistress ; she will know how to offer 
 to the god of the husbandman grapes for the vines, ears of 
 corn for the crops, meat-offerings for the flock. Let her 
 rule all my people ; let her have charge of everything, and 
 let it be a pleasure to me to be as nothing in my house 
 and all that belongs to it. Hither will come my Messala ; 
 Delia will set before him sweet apples from choice trees ; and 
 reverencing so great a man, she will sedulously entertain him, 
 obey his wishes, and herself serve the banquet and wait upon 
 him. These things I pictured to myself, but now Eurus and 
 Notus have swept the fond visions to the odorous shores of 
 Armenia. 
 
 Have I outraged the divinity of great Venus by any words 
 of mine, and do I now suffer the penalty due to my impious 
 tongue ? Am I charged with having assailed the abodes of 
 the gods, and torn the garlands from their sacred shrines ? 
 Let me not hesitate, if I have incurred this guilt, to prostrate 
 myself in their temples and kiss their sanctified thresholds ; 
 I will not refuse to crawl suppliantly on *my knees, and beat 
 my wretched head against the holy doors. 1 But you who ex- 
 ultingly deride my woe, beware ; your own turn will come by 
 and by; one god will not always be wroth alone. I have 
 seen an old man, because he had mocked the unfortunate loves 
 of his juniors, himself afterwards forced to bend his neck to 
 the bonds of Venus ; and to shape his quavering voice to the 
 utterance of soft things, and to try to arrange his white hairs 
 with his hands. Nor was he ashamed to stand before the 
 dear girl's doors, and to stop her servant in the middle of the 
 forum. Boys and youths encompassed him in dense crowds, 
 and each one spat upon his own soft bosom. 2 
 
 But spare me, Venus : my mind has always been devoted 
 to thy service ; why dost thou rancorously consume thy own 
 harvests ? 
 
 1 Beat my head.] According to Broekhusius, the beating of the head 
 against the sacred threshold was an expiatory ceremony brought from 
 Ezypt along with the goddess Isis. This is the only passage of antiquity 
 where this extraordinary rite is mentioned ; whence that commentator 
 concludes that it neither prevailed long, nor was generally received at 
 Rome. 
 
 2 Spat upon his own soft bosom.'] As a preservative against the bad 
 omen of such preposterous love. 
 
120 TIBULLUS. 
 
 ELEGY VI.i 
 
 Often have I tried to dispel my cares with wine; hut 
 grief turned all my wine to tears. I have often clasped an- 
 other fair one in my arms ; but just as I was at the point of 
 enjoyment, Venus reminded me of my mistress and deserted 
 me. Then the woman quitted me, saying I was bewitched, 2 
 and, oh shame ! she goes about telling that she knows abomin- 
 able things about me. 
 
 No witch does this by magic words ; my girl it is that be- 
 witches me with her face, her gentle arms, and her yellow 
 hair ; lovely as Thetis, 3 the daughter of Nereus, when she was 
 wafted of yore by a bridled fish to JEmonian Peleus. This 
 is what wrought my hurt. That she has a rich lover, is the 
 work of a cunning bawd who interferes for my destruction. 
 May she eat bloody food, and drink with gory mouth cups all 
 bitter with gall. May souls complaining of their fate always 
 hover round her, and the screech-owl hoot wildly on her roof. 
 Goaded to madness, by hunger, may she pluck grass from the 
 sepulchres, and the bones left by ravening wolves. May she 
 run naked and howling through the towns, and snarling packs 
 of dogs hunt her from the cross-ways. It will come to pass ; 
 a god forebodes it ; there is a divinity in a lover, and Venus 
 unjustly forsaken takes dire vengeance. 
 
 But you, my girl, reject forthwith the counsels of this 
 greedy witch. Is all love overcome by gifts ? The poor lover 
 
 1 Elegy VI.] Tibullus relates the failure of sundry remedies he has 
 tried for his unfortunate passion ; curses the go-between who has intro- 
 duced a wealthier lover to Delia ; and demonstrates the error committed 
 by ladies who prefer a rich lover to a poor one — a general doctrine which 
 he applies to his own advantage. Some editors have very injudiciously 
 tacked this Elegy to the preceding one, with which it coincides in date. 
 
 2 Bewitched.] Devotum. Devovere, says Broekhusius, properly signi- 
 fies, frigore ferire earn partem qua viri sumus, ut quantumvis cupiamus, 
 tamen minime possumus. The French call it nouer V aiguillette ; and the 
 doctors of the canon law say that such persons are frigidi and malificiati. 
 
 3 Lovely as Thetis.] The heathen poets, in comparing a person to any 
 of their deities, had a sure method of giving the reader a picture of that 
 person, as the statues of their gods were known to every one and their 
 features ascertained ; and this, says the ingenious author of the Poly- 
 metis, is one reason why similes of this kind are so frequent in ancient 
 authors. 
 
TIBULLTJ3. 121 
 
 will be ever at your command ; the poor lover will be the 
 first to fly to you, and will cling inseparably to your side. 
 The poor lover will be your faithful escort through the 
 crowd, will fend off the pressure with his hands, and make 
 way for you. The poor lover will furtively conduct you to 
 the secret carousals of his friends, and will himself untie your 
 shoes and take them off your snow-white feet. Alas, I sing 
 in vain ; the door will not open for words alone, but must be 
 knocked at by a well-filled hand. 
 
 But you who now have the advantage, beware; light- 
 wheeled fortune spins rapidly round. 
 
 ELEGY VII. 1 
 
 Love, thou offerest me always a smiling countenance in 
 order to allure me ; but afterwards I find thee, to my sorrow, 
 gloomy and severe. What quarrel hast thou with me, cruel 
 boy ? Is it a great glory for a god to have laid snares for a 
 man ? Toils are now spread for me ; now crafty Delia fur- 
 tively cherishes I know not whom 2 in the silent night. She 
 indeed denies this over and over again ; but it is hard to be- 
 lieve her, for she makes just as pertinacious denials about me 
 to her husband. Unfortunate that I am, I taught her myself 
 how to elude her guardians ; alas, alas ! I am now the victim 
 of my own art. She has now learned how to invent pre- 
 tences for lying alone, and how to make the doors turn on 
 noiseless hinges. And then I gave her juices and herbs, for 
 
 1 Elegy VII.~\ This must have been written before the preceding Elegy, 
 (and probably in a. u. c. 724,) for here he only suspects what there he 
 speaks of as a fact already beyond all doubt. The unfortunate lover 
 complains that he is caught in his own trap, for he has taught Delia how 
 to deceive. Then he appeals to her husband, makes a clean breast of it, 
 and invites the poor man to make common cause with him. This is 
 rather a bold step, it must be owned ; it is asking too much, as Ovid says, 
 Trist. ii. 457 : 
 
 Denique ab incauto nimium petit ille marito 
 Se quoque uti servet, peccet ut ilia minus. 
 Grainger and Dunlop are shocked at the impropriety of this proceeding, 
 but without much reason. They forget the class to which Delia belonged, 
 and the probability that her intimacy with Tibullus was no news to her 
 husband. The address to that person is an exquisite piece of persiflage, 
 and nothing more. 
 
 2 I know not whom.'] Nescio quern: this is not to be understood liter- 
 ally, but as an expression of contempt. 
 
122 TIBULLUS. 
 
 removing the livid marks which mutual Venus makes by the 
 impress of the teeth. 
 
 But you, incautious husband of the tricksome girl, keep 
 me too, that she may be hindered from erring at all. Take 
 care that she is not profuse in her compliments to young 
 men, nor let her recline with her robe loose so as to ex- 
 pose her bosom ; let her not betray you with secret looks and 
 nods, nor dip her finger in liquid, and draw marks on the table. 
 If she goes out very often, be on your guard ; or if she says 
 she intends to visit the rites of the Bona Dea to which males 
 are not admitted. But if you will intrust her to me, I will 
 follow her alone to the altar ; and then far it be from me to 
 doubt the vigilance of my own eyes. I remember that I often 
 touched her hand under pretence of examining her jewels or 
 her ['seal. Often I plied you with strong wine till you fell 
 asleep, while I secured my victory by drinking sober draughts 
 mingled with water. I did not wrong you intentionally ; for- 
 give me, as I confess my fault ; Love commanded it should be 
 so, and who can fight against the gods ? I am the very man, 
 nor will I now be ashamed to tell the truth, at whom your dog 
 used to bark all night long. It is not for nothing that some 
 one just now is always stopping before your threshold; that he 
 looks about, retreats, pretends to pass the house, and presently 
 comes back alone, and hawks and hems close by the door\ Some 
 furtive amour is preparing for you, I know not what ; bestir 
 yourself, I beg, while you may ; as yet your boat swims in 
 smooth water. What use is it to have a charming wife, if you 
 cannot keep what you have got ? It is in vain you have locks 
 to your doors. While she embraces you, she sighs for other 
 absent loves, and suddenly feigns a head-ache. But intrust 
 her to my keeping ; I do not refuse to endure stripes, I do 
 not object to have my feet put in fetters, if I let her escape. 
 Then keep off, all you who dress your hair with art, whose 
 tunics hang loose upon your breasts. Any man that comes 
 this way, to hinder all chance of his doing mischief, let him 
 keep off, and not stop until he is far away in another street. 
 
 Thus the god himself commands it to be done ; thus the 
 great priestess has conveyed to me the injunctions of the 
 divine oracle. Once she is agitated and distraught by the 
 impulse of Bellona, she fears neither scorching flame, nor 
 lashes ; she lacerates her own arms with an axe, and unmur- 
 
TIBCLLTTS. 123 
 
 muringly sprinkles the goddess with her blood ; with a spike 
 thrust through her side, and her bosom torn, she stands, and 
 chants the events which the great goddess foretells. " For- 
 bear from assailing a girl whom Love guards, lest you be 
 afterwards taught a terrible lesson. Touch her, and your 
 wealth shall pass away, like the blood from my wounds, like 
 these ashes scattered by the winds." And on you, my Delia, 
 she denounced I know not what penalties : but if you receive 
 me, I will pray her to be light with you. I do not spare you 
 for your own sake ; but your mother moves me, and the ex- 
 cellent old woman subdues my resentment. She brings you 
 to me in the dark, and mutely and in great fear joins our 
 hands together. She waits for me by night, fixed to the door, 
 and recognises the sound of my footstep a long way off. Long 
 may you live for me, sweet old woman : fain would I com- 
 pound my own years with yours, were it possible. I will 
 always love you, and your daughter for your sake ; whatever 
 she does, she is, after all, your blood. Teach her only to be 
 chaste, though no fillet binds her hair, no long robe impedes 
 her feet. 1 And on me, too, let hard laws be imposed, nor let 
 it be possible for me to praise any beauty, unless she is before 
 my eyes. And if I am adjudged to have offended in any 
 way, and am pulled by the hair undeservedly, and am dragged 
 along the sloping street ; 2 let me not think of striking of you ; 
 but if such madness seizes me, I should wish myself without 
 hands. And be not chaste through fear alone, but let mutual 
 love keep you faithful in mind to me when I am absent. The 
 girl who was faithful to no lover, after age has overcome her, 
 sinks into want, and draws out the twisted threads with her 
 
 1 Though no fillet^ &c] The vitta and the stola were worn only by 
 matrons and maidens of free descent (ingenuae). Delia was therefore 
 libertines conditionis, a foreigner, or the daughter or grand-daughter of 
 one who had been a slave. The condition of such women in Rome was 
 very like that of the free quadroon girls of New Orleans, who are all 
 destined to become the mistresses of white men, never their wives. This 
 is confirmed by Ovid, Ep. ex Pont. iii. 3 : 
 
 Scio tamen, ut liquido juratus dicere possis 
 
 Non me legitimos solicitasse toros. 
 Scripsimus hrec istis, quarum nee vitta pudicos 
 
 Contingit crines, nee stola longa pedes. 
 
 2 The sloping street.] Pro?ias vias : most of the streets in Rome ran 
 up and down hill. 
 
124 TIBULLUS. 
 
 tremulous hand, and interweaves the woof with the firm warp, 
 and picks off the rough fibres drawn from the snowy fleece. 
 The young men gather round her rejoicing to see her so em- 
 ployed, and remark that she deserves to bear all this in her 
 old age. Venus looks down disdainfully on her tears from 
 the summit of Olympus, and shows by such an example how 
 severe she is to the faithless. 
 
 May these curses befall others; may we, Delia, be examples 
 of love when we are both white-haired. 
 
 ELEGY VIII.i 
 
 The Fates, who weave the threads which no god can break, 
 sang of this day ; they foretold that He would be, who should 
 overthrow the tribes of Aquitania, 2 and whom vanquished Atur 
 should tremble to see approaching in martial might. The 
 Roman youth has seen new triumphs, and kings with their 
 arms bound. And thou, Messala, crowned with laurel, wast 
 borne in an ivory chariot drawn by white horses. Thy hon- 
 ours were not won without me ; Tarbella 3 of the Pyrenees is 
 witness, and the shores of the Santonic Sea ; 4 witness the Arar 
 and the rapid Rhone, and the great Garonne, the yellow-haired 
 Carnuto, and the Loire's blue water. And thee, Cydnus, I 
 will sing, which flowest softly with noiseless water, and vast 
 
 1 Elegy VIII.'] On his return from the East, b. c. 27, Messala enjoyed 
 the honour of a magnificent triumph for his victories over the Aquitani. 
 His birthday, which occurred soon after in the same year, is celebrated 
 in this Elegy. The poet enumerates Messala's exploits in Gaul, Cilicia, 
 Syria, Egypt, dwelling especially on the wonders and fertility of the latter, 
 and singing the praises of Osiris the inventor of agriculture. He then 
 calls upon the genius of Messala to come and receive the honours which 
 were peculiarly his own upon such an occasion, and concludes with 
 prayers for his patron and his descendants. 
 
 2 Aquitania.] The southern part of Gaul, extending from the Garumna, 
 the modern Garonne, to the Pyrenees. The river Atax is now the Ande. 
 
 3 Tarbella.] The Tarbelli, one of the tribes of Aquitaine, have left their 
 name to the city of Tarbes. They occupied the valley of the Atur 
 (Adour). 
 
 4 Santonic Sea, &c] The Santones were another tribe of Aquitania, 
 who dwelt north of the Garumna (Garonne) in the province lately called 
 Saintonge. The Arar is the modern Saone ; the " Rhodanus celer " is 
 " the arrowy Rhone :" the Liger is the Loire; the principal town of the 
 Carnuti was Autricum (Chartres). 
 
TIBULLUS. 125 
 
 frozen Taurus lifting its head among the clouds, the mountain 
 of the bearded Cilicians. 
 
 Why need I tell how the sacred white dove l flutters un- 
 touched about the numerous cities of Syrian Palestine ? Or 
 how Tyre, which first learned how to give the bark to the 
 gale, looks out over the vast sea from its towers. And how 
 the fertile Nile abounds in summer floods when the dog-star 
 splits the parched ground ? Father Nile, wherefore or in 
 what lands can I say that thou hast hidden thy head ? Through 
 thee thy land has no need of rain, nor does the parched grass 
 supplicate pluvious Jove. The barbarian youth, taught to 
 bewail the bull of Memphis, sings thee, and admires its own 
 Osiris. 2 Osiris with skilful hand first fashioned the plough, 
 and fretted the soft soil with iron. He first committed seed 
 to the inexperienced earth, and gathered fruit from unknown 
 trees. He taught the practice of attaching the tender vine 
 to the stake, and lopping the green foliage with the pruning- 
 hook. To him first the ripe grape, pressed by the feet of 
 clowns, 3 yielded sweet juice. That liquor taught men to mo- 
 dulate their voices in song, and move their unpractised limbs to 
 certain measures. Bacchus gave the over-laboured husband- 
 men what cheers their heavy hearts ; and Bacchus brings rest 
 to oppressed mortals, though their legs sound to the knock- 
 ings of their hard fetters. No sad cares or wailings are 
 
 1 Sacred dove.] The dove was not used as food by the Syrians, being 
 sacred to their goddess Astarte, whom the Greeks identified with Aphro- 
 dite (Venus). 
 
 2 Osiris.'] The chief god of the Egyptians. The inventor of agricul- 
 ture and vine husbandry. The Greeks and Latins confounded him with 
 Bacchus ; and this is probably the reason why the latter was represented 
 with horns ; for the bull was an incarnation of Osiris : Memphitem . . . 
 bovem. The sacred animal was called Apis, and was kept at Memphis 
 in Lower Egypt in a magnificent temple and park. He was said to live 
 for twenty-five years, at the end of which period he was supposed to 
 drown himself by leaping into the Nile. He was then buried with great 
 pomp, and the priests wandered about for some days shrieking, beating 
 their breasts (plangere bovem), and exhibiting every outward sign of grief 
 until a new Apis was found, when the discovery was celebrated by a joy- 
 ful festival. 
 
 3 By the feet of clowns.] Incultis — pedibus does not mean " with slovenly, 
 dirty feet," as most commentators suppose : a disgusting mistake ! Dissen 
 alone has pointed out that the phrase is an example of a very common 
 poetical figure, and equivalent to incultorum pedibus, " by the feet of men 
 as yet rude and uncivilized." 
 
126 TIBULLUS. 
 
 thine, Osiris, but dance, and song, and light, ready love ; vari- 
 ous flowers, and a forehead wreathed with ivy ; yellow robes 
 flowing down to thy soft feet ; and Tyrian garments, and the 
 
 sweet flute, and the light ark with its hidden mysteries. 
 
 — Come hither and celebrate a hundred games, and delight 
 the Genius l with dances, and steep the brain in wine. Let 
 perfumed ointments drop from his smooth hair, and let him 
 wear soft garlands on his head and neck. Come thus to-day, 
 that I may honour thee with incense, and offer thee cates 
 sweetened with Arcadian honey. 
 
 But may a progeny spring from thee, Messala, which shall 
 add to their father's deeds, and stand in honour round the old 
 man. Nor silent be the road-monuments 2 which the Tusculan 
 
 1 Genius.] The Genius was a spiritual being who presided over the 
 birth of man, watched over him during life, and perished at his death. 
 Each individual had a separate Genius who regulated his lot, and was re- 
 presented as black or white according to his fortunes. The Genius of 
 women was called a Juno. It was natural that the birthday should be 
 particularly set apart for the worship of the Genius, and that the marriage 
 bed should be under his special protection, and hence called genialis torus. 
 Genialis is used generally as an epithet for anything which conduces to 
 festivity, mirth, or pleasure. To practise abstinence is "to defraud one's 
 Genius ;" on the other hand, " to indulge one's Genius " is to eat, drink, 
 and be merry. 
 
 2 The monuments, &c] The passage refers to some repairs executed 
 upon the Via Latina by Messala at the command of Augustus. This road 
 began at the Porta Capena, ran through the Albana Vallis, and joined the 
 Via Appia at Beneventum. Messala's road must have been esteemed a 
 strong and durable work, since Martial, to represent that perpetuity of 
 fame, to which he thought himself entitled as a poet, alludes to it in these 
 words, (B. viii. E. 3,) Et cum rupta situ Messalae saxa jacebunt. " The 
 public ways ranked among the most important works of Roman magnifi- 
 cence. Amazing labour, with vast expense, were devoted and combined 
 in extending them from the capital to the utmost limits of the known 
 world ; and in many instances they seem to have been calculated by their 
 construction to outlast the empire, of which they have not inaptly been 
 termed the arteries. Nor was their construction alone the object of soli- 
 citude, the care of looking to their repair was not thought unworthy the 
 greatest men of the republic. None but those of the highest rank were 
 eligible to the office of superintending that service ; and we find Augustus 
 himself taking the charge of a district. The Appian Way, the most an- 
 cient as well as the most noble, being distinguished by the epithet regina 
 viarum, as originally made by Appius Claudius the censor, extended from 
 Rome to Capua. It was composed of three strata ; the lower of rough 
 stones or flint cemented together, formed a foundation or statumen ; the 
 middle stratum or rudera was of gravel ; the upper of well-jointed stones 
 of irregular forms. It remains in many places perfect to the present 
 day." — Sir William GeWs "Pompeii." 
 
TIBULLUS. 127 
 
 land holds, and fair Alba in its ancient abode. For by thy 
 command here the hard pebbles are compacted together, there 
 the blocks of stone are aptly fitted to each other. The hus- 
 bandman sings thy praise when he comes home late from the 
 great city, and finds his feet uninjured. 
 
 And thou, Messala's natal day, return and be celebrated 
 through many years, ever fairer and fairer. 
 
 ELEGY IX.i 
 
 It cannot be concealed from me what import there is in a 
 lover's language of signs, and his softly-whispered words. 
 I have not the gift of sortilege, or of reading the secrets of 
 the gods in entrails ; nor does the song of birds forewarn me 
 of things to come ; but Venus, binding my arms behind me 
 with a magic knot, hath thoroughly instructed me, not without 
 many stripes. 
 
 Cease to dissemble. The god of love burns more merci- 
 lessly those whom he sees to have succumbed to him unwill- 
 ingly. You, Marathon, have done this. What does it avail 
 you now to have bestowed such pains on your soft locks, and 
 to have so often changed their arrangement ? to have adorned 
 your cheeks with shining dye ? to have had your nails trim- 
 med by the artist's skilful hand ? In vain are your garments 
 frequently changed, and your feet compressed in tight shoes. 
 She charms though she comes with a face which she has taken 
 no pains to beautify, and though she has not spent much time 
 and art in dressing her shining head. Has an old woman be- 
 witched you with incantations and potent herbs in the silent 
 time of night ? Incantations steal away the crops from the 
 fields ; incantations stop the course of the enraged serpent ; 
 incantations attempt to drag down the moon from her chariot, 
 and would do it, were it not for the sound of the clashing 
 brasses. But why do I accuse incantations of having worked 
 you woe ? Why do I talk of herbs ? Beauty has no need of 
 
 1 Elegy IK.'] Tibullus pleads the cause of his favourite Marathus, 
 who was ill-used by the coquette, Pholoe, and lectures the former on his 
 foppishness, and the latter on her arrogance and avarice. The date of the 
 poem is not determined, but it is later than that of El. iv. Certain allu- 
 sions to a theme more extensively treated in the latter, have again ren- 
 dered necessary some infidelity in the translation. 
 
1 28 T1BULLUS. 
 
 magic auxiliaries. The charm that is really noxious, is to 
 have touched the fair body, to have given long kisses, to have 
 been mutually entwined. 
 
 Remember this, Pholo'e, and be not unkind to the youth ; 
 Venus punishes such misdeeds. Ask not for presents ; let 
 the white-headed lover give presents, that you may warm his 
 frigid frame in your bosom. More precious than gold is a 
 youth with smooth shining face, and no rough beard to scrape 
 the bosom he embraces. Put your white arms beneath his 
 shoulder, and despise the treasures of kings. Venus will find 
 you opportunities to yield furtively to the ardent boy, when 
 he presses your tender bosom, and to give him moist kisses 
 with tilting tongue as he pants for breath, and to mark his 
 neck with your teeth. 
 
 No joy can precious stones and jewels yield to her who 
 sleeps alone in the cold, and who is an object of desire to no 
 man. Alas, too late is love, too late is youth recalled, when 
 age has shed its whiteness on the head. Then is the 
 toilette a serious business ; then are the locks tinctured and 
 changed with the green husk of the walnut, to disguise the 
 effect of years ; then what pains are taken to root out white 
 hairs, and to make the face cast its skin and be new again. 
 
 But you whose life is in its blooming prime, use it while 
 you may ; it is gliding away with no slow foot. And torture 
 not Marathus : what glory is there in smiting a boy ? Be 
 obdurate to the old ; but spare the tender youth, I beseech 
 you. It is not bodily ailment, but excessive love, that tinges 
 his complexion with yellow. Poor lad ! How often, when 
 you are far away, he pours out piteous complaints and sheds 
 no end of tears ! 
 
 « Why does she scorn me?" he says. " The vigilance of 
 those who watch her might be defeated. The god of love 
 himself has given lovers the power of eluding restraint. I 
 know the arts of furtive Venus, how to breathe softly, and 
 how to snatch kisses without letting them be heard. I can 
 creep in noiselessly even in the dead of night, and open the 
 doors without the least sound. But what avail these arts, if 
 she spurns her wretched lover, and flies, cruel girl, from the 
 very bed in which I would embrace her ? Even when she 
 promises, with sudden perfidy she breaks her word, and I 
 must watch the livelong night in countless torments. While 
 
TIBULLUS. 129 
 
 I delude myself with the thought that she will come, I think 
 every movement I hear is the sound of her steps. Ah, perish 
 all vain arts and observances of wooing ! I will clothe my 
 squalid body in shaggy garments. If my girl's door is shut, 
 if I have few opportunities of seeing her, alas, what good does 
 it do an unfortunate wretch like me to wear a flowing toga ? " 
 Cease your tears, poor youth ; her hard heart is unmoved, 
 and your wearied eyes are swollen with weeping. The gods 
 hate disdain, I warn you, Pholoe, and those who are guilty of 
 it offer incense in vain at their holy altars. This Marathus 
 used formerly to mock unhappy lovers, not aware that an 
 avenorino; god was behind him. He is said even to have often 
 laughed at the tears of an anguished lover, and purposely to 
 have thrown obstacles in his way. Now he hates all arrogant 
 disdain ; now he loathes every door that is shut fast at night. 
 Your punishment too will come unless you cease to be haughty. 
 With what yearning you will then desire to recall this day ! 
 
 ELEGY X. 1 
 
 Why, if you were to wrong my wretched love, why did^ 
 you give me pledges in the name of the gods, which were to 
 be secretly broken ? Ah ! cruel one, though perjuries be at 
 first concealed, yet chastisement comes at last with noiseless 
 steps. Spare her, gods ; it is just that the lovely should be 
 free once to break with impunity oaths sworn by your sacred 
 names. In hope of gain the husbandman yokes his bulls to 
 the plough, and plies the hard work of agriculture. In hope 
 of gain unstable ships are led by sure stars over seas that obey 
 the winds. My girl has been seduced by gifts : but may an 
 avenging god turn them into ashes and water. I shall soon 
 see her punished ; dust shall disfigure her beauty ; her hair 
 shall be roughened by the winds ; her face and her locks shall 
 be sun-burnt, and her delicate feet shall be way-worn. 
 
 How often have I admonished you thus ! " Sully not your 
 loveliness for gold, countless ills often lurk beneath it. If any 
 one, beguiled by wealth, does violence to Love, Venus visits 
 her with rigorous severity. Rather give my head to the 
 
 1 Elegy X] Happily this is the last occasion on which the translator 
 will have had to ask the reader's indulgence for a necessary, but not always 
 successful, remodelling of the original. 
 
 K 
 
130 TIBULLUS. 
 
 flames, smite my body with steel, and gore my back with 
 lashes. Nor hope when you are about to sin that you can 
 conceal it : there is a god who will not let perfidy be hidden. 
 That god makes the taciturn confederate speak out freely 
 when he has drunk largely. That god compels dreamers to 
 articulate, and unwillingly to declare things they would hide." 
 Thus did I say ; and now I blush to think that I spoke in 
 tears, and prostrated myself before your fair feet. Then you 
 swore to me that you would not barter your faith for heaps 
 of gold or gems ; no, not if all Campania, not if the Falernian 
 soil so dear to Bacchus, were offered to you. With such words 
 as these you might have brought me to deny that the stars 
 shine in heaven, or that there was purity in the water of the 
 stream. You wept too ; and I, unpractised in deceit, and 
 credulous, wiped your moist cheeks assiduously. How would 
 you treat me, were you not yourself in love ? 1 I pray that 
 the object of your passion may follow the example you give 
 of fickleness. * * * * 2 Wretch that I was, I believed that 
 I was loved ; believed it foolishly, for I might have been more 
 wary against your snares. Smitten with your charms, I sang 
 your praises ; but now I am ashamed of myself and my Muses. 
 May Vulcan consume those songs with swift flame ; may they 
 be washed out by the waters of the stream. Out upon you, 
 whose only care is how to sell your beauty, and to fill your 
 hand with a large payment. 
 
 But you, who have dared to corrupt my girl with presents, 
 may your wife make you with impunity the dupe of her in- 
 cessant wiles ; and when she shall have tired out her favoured 
 youth in furtive concourse, may she keep you aloof in bed. 
 May strangers always press your bed, and may your house 
 always lie open and at the command of wooers. Let not 
 even your lascivious sister be said to have drained more cups, 
 or used up more men, than your wife ; and that sister, they 
 
 1 Were you not yourself in love.'] And therefore partly softened by the 
 thought that you are liable to the same unkindness as that which I com- 
 plain of. 
 
 2 quoties, verbis ne quisquam conscius esset 
 
 Ipse comes multa lumina nocte tub ! 
 
 Seepe insperanti venit tibi munere nostro, 
 
 Et latuit clausas post adoperta fores. 
 
 As these lines are incapable of being modified in the same way as the 
 
 rest, we have not translated them. 
 
TIBTJLLUS. 131 
 
 say, often prolongs her Bacchic revels until the risen orb of 
 Lucifer portends the day ; nor is any one abler than she to 
 consume the night, and to fill it with variety of occupation. 
 But your wife has learned these accomplishments ; and you, 
 dolt, do not perceive this when she practises with you the 
 lesson she has learned from another. 1 Do you imagine it is 
 for you she arranges her hair, and parts it with a close- 
 toothed comb ? Is it that face of yours that induces her to 
 wear golden bracelets, and to fold her bosom in a purple robe ? 
 It is not in your eyes she wishes to seem beautiful, but in 
 those of a certain youth, for whom she would let your house 
 and fortune go to ruin. Nor is it with evil intent she does 
 this ; but like a girl of cultured taste she shuns your gouty 
 deformed body, and your senile embraces. 
 
 And this man my girl has taken to her bed : after this I 
 can believe her capable of fondling a wild beast. Have you 
 dared to sell to others the endearments that were mine ? to 
 give my kisses, infatuated girl, to others ? But your turn 
 will come to weep 'when another shall claim me as her con- 
 quest, and shall imperiously rule the bosom that was yours. 
 Then will I rejoice in your punishment, and a golden shield 
 suspended in the temple of my kind protectress, Venus, shall 
 make known my case in these words : " Freed from the toils 
 of a perfidious mistress, Tibullus dedicates this to thee, god- 
 dess, and prays thee to regard him with favour." 
 
 ELEGY XI.* 
 
 Who was it that first produced horrid swords ? How 
 savage, how utterly iron-hearted he was ! From that day 
 began battles and carnage, and a shorter way was opened to 
 dire death. But the unhappy inventor apprehended nothing 
 like this ; we turn to our own destruction the weapons he gave 
 us against wild beasts. This is the fault of gold ; there were 
 
 1 When she practises, &c] Quum tibi non solita corpus ab arte movet. 
 
 2 Elegy XI.) The poet, being about to quit Rome on military service, 
 expresses his abhorrence of war, and of avarice, the cause of war ; and 
 praises the blissful security of those simple ages when strife was yet un- 
 known. He prays to his Lares to preserve him that he may end his days 
 in the quiet of his rural home ; and concludes with an enumeration of 
 the joys of peace. This Elegy appears to have been written on the eve of 
 Messala's expedition to Aquitaine, a. u. 724. 
 
 k 2 
 
132 TIBULLUS. 
 
 no wars when the beechen platter held the feast ; there were 
 no citadels or ramparts, and the shepherd slept secure amidst 
 his particoloured flock. 1 Would I had lived then, and had not 
 known the horrors of arms, nor heard with quivering heart the 
 blast of the trumpet. Now I am forced away to war, and now 
 perhaps some enemy carries the weapon that is to be buried 
 in my body. Preserve me, paternal Lares ; you who nurtured 
 me when I ran about in childhood before your feet. Be it no 
 shame that you are fashioned out of an old trunk, for even so 
 jou inhabited the abode of my old grandfather. ^ The men of 
 those days kept better faith, when a wooden idol stood in a 
 small shrine, and received poor offerings. The deity was pro- 
 pitiated, if one gave it a libation from the new vintage, or set 
 a crown of corn-ears on its sacred head. Whoever had had 
 his wishes fulfilled, carried offerings to the god with his own 
 hand, followed by a little girl bearing fine honeycomb. 
 
 Turn away keen-pointed shafts from us, O Lares; your 
 victim shall be a pig from the full rustic stye. I will follow 
 it dressed in white, with a myrtle wreath onfnry head, and 
 carrying baskets twined with myrtle. So may I please you : 
 let any one else be mighty in arms, and prostrate hostile cap- 
 tains by favour of Mars ; enough for me that the soldier nar- 
 rate his deeds to me as I drink, and sketch his camp on the 
 table with his finger dipped in wine. What madness to seek 
 dark death in war ! It is always at hand, and approaches un- 
 seen with silent step. There are no corn-crops below, no 
 cultivated vineyards ; but fierce Cerberus and the Stygian 
 ferry-boat. There a pale crowd, with fleshless chaps and 
 burnt hair, wander by the gloomy marsh. 
 
 How much more to be praised is the lot of him who, with 
 his progeny round him, passes his old age in his little cabin. 
 He follows his sheep, his son attends to the lambs ; and his 
 wife prepares warm water to refresh him when he returns 
 home weary. So may I live ; may my head grow white, and 
 may I relate as an old man the deeds done in my early days. 
 
 1 Parti-coloured flock.] Varias. This epithet, says Ramsay, points to 
 the primitive simplicity of those ancient times. The sheep in the flock 
 were varice — that is, spotted, no anxiety having been as yet displayed with 
 regard to the fineness and purity of the fleece. Bach thinks that varias 
 means, roaming at pleasure as theij fed — an image of security more appo- 
 site than any question of colour. Brukhusius, not satisfied with any ex- 
 planation of varias, reads saturas, "full pastured." 
 
TIBULLUS. 133 
 
 Meanwhile may peace bless our fields. Fair peace first 
 brought the steers under the curved yoke of the plough. Peace 
 reared the vines, and stored the juice of the grape, that the 
 cask filled by the father might yield cheering draughts to the 
 son. In peace the mattock and plough are in full play, but 
 cobwebs gather in dark lumber-holes over the weapons of the 
 stern soldier. The rustic, not very sober, carries home his 
 wife and his children in his cart from the grove. 1 But then 
 the wars of Venus grow hot ; a woman complains of locks 
 cut off her head, and of her doors broken open ; she weeps 
 and shows the bruises on her tender cheeks ; and then the 
 victor himself weeps to think that his mad hands were so 
 strong. Meanwhile wanton Love suggests spiteful words to 
 swell the quarrel, and seats himself at his ease between the 
 angry pair. Ah, he must be stone or iron, who beats his own 
 girl ; he brings down the swift vengeance of the gods from 
 heaven. Be it enough to cut off the fine hem of her robe ; to 
 undo the arrangement of her tresses ; to make her shed tears ; 
 thrice happy he whose anger has the power to make a gentle 
 girl weep. But whoever shall be guilty of ill usage with his 
 hands, let him carry shield and pike, and keep far aloof from 
 gentle Venus. 
 
 Come to us, bounteous peace, holding ears of corn in thy 
 hand, whilst thy lap overflows with fruit. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ELEGY 1.2 
 
 Favour us, each and all who are present ; we perform the 
 lustration of our crops and fields, as the rite has been handed 
 
 1 The grove.] The consecrated grove, where he had been paying 
 homage to the gods, and feasting with his wife and children. 
 
 2 Elegy /.] Written apparently in the spring of b. c. 26. The subject 
 is the ambarvalia celebrated in spring for the purification of the fields and 
 all belonging to them. The name was derived from the ceremony of lead- 
 ing the victims in procession round the limits of the farm or district on be- 
 half of which they were to be offered. Ceres and Bacchus are invoked to 
 
134 TIBULLUS. 
 
 down from times of yore. Come, Bacchus, and let the sweet 
 grape hang from thy horns ; and Ceres, bind thy brows with 
 ears of corn. Let the earth rest on this sacred day ; let the 
 ploughman rest, and suspend the hard labour of the furrow. 
 Unfasten the yokes ; the oxen must now stand at the full man- 
 gers with garlanded heads. Let all things be devoted to the god : 
 let no woman dare to put her hand to the spindle. You too I 
 command to stand aloof, approach not the altars, you who last 
 night enjoyed the pleasures of Venus. Chaste things are 
 pleasing to the gods ; come in clean garments, and cleanse 
 your hands in spring water. 
 
 See where the consecrated lamb advances to the glowing 
 altar ; a crowd follows it crowned with fair olive branches. 
 Gods of our native land, we purify our fields, we purify our 
 hinds ; repel, ye gods, all evils from our boundaries. Let not 
 our crops cheat the labours of the harvest with deceitful 
 blades, 1 nor the slow-footed lamb fear the swift wolves. Then 
 the sleek rustic, cheered by the plenteousness of his fields, will 
 heap large logs on the blazing hearth ; and a crowd of born- 
 thralls, 2 good signs of a thriving farmer, will sport, and erect 
 bowers of twigs before the altar. 3 
 
 My prayers for the future will be fulfilled. See you how 
 the presaging entrails give happy tokens that the gods are 
 placid. Now bring me smoky Falernian of an old consul- 
 ship, and unbind the Chian cask. Let wine celebrate the day ; 
 
 bless the farm, and the omens appearing favourable, all present are en- 
 couraged to spend the day in jollity. Then follows a hymn in honour of 
 the rural deities, and of Love, their foster-brother. The phrase " favour 
 us" is sacerdotal ; favour us with your tongues, is implied, that is to say, 
 either with words proper to the occasion, or jWith silence. See the be- 
 ginning of the next Elegy. 
 
 1 Deceitful blades.] Fallacibus herbis : with corn that looks well in the 
 blade but carries light ears, and yields less grain in proportion than straw. 
 
 2 Bom-thralls.'] Turba vemarum. The vernce were slaves born in 
 their owner's house or on his estate. 
 
 3 Bowers oftioigs.'] Many of the best commentators understand these 
 words to refer to the erection of little temporary bowers by the slaves, 
 under the shelter of which they might drink and amuse themselves. 
 Others suppose that the vernce in question are the slave children (the 
 " picaninnies ") of the family, who are represented as building baby-houses, 
 one of the amusements enumerated in the catalogue of Horace, Sat. II. 
 iii. 247, 
 
 JEdificare casas, plostello adjungere mures, 
 Ludere par impar, equitare in arundine longa. 
 
TIBULLUS. 135 
 
 it is no shame to be tipsy on a holiday and to reel and stagger. 
 But, Health to Messala ! say every one as he takes his cup, and 
 in every phrase that is uttered let the name of the absent hero 
 be heard. 
 
 Messala, renowned for thy triumphs over the Aquitanian 
 nation, victor who reflectest glory on thy rough-haired an- 
 cestors, 1 come hither, inspire me while I raise my song of 
 thanks to the rural gods. I sing the country and the gods of 
 the country : under their instruction, mankind ceased to re- 
 lieve their hunger with acorns. They first taught how to 
 cover the little log-hut with green thatch. They too are said 
 to have first taught bulls to serve under the yoke, and to have 
 put wheels to the cart. Then wild food was dressed ; then 
 apples were grafted ; then the fertile garden drank irrigating 
 waters ; then the golden grape yielded its pressed juices to 
 the feet ; and sober water was mingled with the care-dispel- 
 ling liquor of the vine. The country yields harvests, when 
 the earth annually sheds its locks in the season of the hot star. 
 In the vernal country the light-winged bee gathers the spoil of 
 flowers in its hive, and busily fills its combs with sweet honey. 
 The husbandman, wearied with the continual labours of the 
 plough, first sang rustic words in determinate measure y and 
 first modulated, after his repasts, on the dry oaten pipe, the 
 airs he prepared to sing before the adorned images of the gods. 
 The husbandman, with cheeks reddened with ochre, first led 
 thy unfashioned chorus, O Bacchus ; a he-goat, the leader of 
 the flock, was given to him from the full fold — a notable re- 
 ward. 2 In the country the youth first wove crowns of flowers, 
 and placed them on the heads of his ancient Lares. In the 
 country too the bright-fleeced sheep bears on its back the 
 wool that is to be the care of the tender damsels. • Hence is 
 derived the labour of the- females in the household, the dis- 
 taff clothed with wool, and the "spindle that revolves under 
 
 1 Rough-haired ancestors.] Barbers were unknown in Rome until four 
 hundred and fifty-four years after the foundation of the city, when they 
 vv-ere imported from Sicily. In earlier times the Romans universally wore 
 flowing hair and long beards ; Scipio Africanus is said to have first set 
 the example of shaving. 
 
 - A he-goat, &c] Tragedy was at first nothing but an annual hymn, 
 sung by peasants in honour of Bacchus ; and he who acquitted himself 
 best upon this topic was rewarded with a goat. Hence the Greek name 
 rpayojcia. 
 
136 TIBULLUS. 
 
 the touch of the thumb ; and hence the task of the weaver, 
 who sings as she busily plies the work of Minerva, and the 
 web sounds to the stroke of the lay. 
 
 Cupid himself too is said to have been bora in the fields 
 among the herds and the unbroken mares. There he made 
 his first inexpert efforts with the bow : ah me ! what ex- 
 pert hands he has now ! Nor does he take cattle for his 
 mark, as he did then ; his delight is to transfix girls and to 
 bring down proud-spirited men. He strips the young man of 
 his wealth ; and constrains the old man to utter words that 
 disgrace him at the angry fair one's door. Led by him, the 
 girl steps furtively over the bodies of the sleeping watch, and 
 meets the youth alone in the dark. Timorously she treads the 
 ground on tiptoe, and gropes her blind way. Alas, unhappy 
 they whom the god severely persecutes ; and happy he on 
 whom kind Love breathes gently. 
 
 Come, sacred boy, to our festive banquet ; but lay aside thy 
 arrows, and hide far, far hence, thy glowing torch. Celebrate 
 the god, all of you, in song, and summon him with your 
 voices to the flock ; let each summon openly to the flock, and 
 secretly to himself; or even openly each to himself, for the 
 jocund rout is boisterous, and the curved pipe dins in Phry- 
 gian tone. Be merry : Night is now yoking her horses, and 
 the yellow Stars are following the chariot of their mother in 
 wanton dance ; after them comes silent Sleep with sombre 
 wings outspread, and black Dreams with dubious gait. 
 
 ELEGY II.» 
 
 Let us speak good words at the altars ; the natal day is 
 come. All who are present, man and woman, favour us with 
 your tongues. Let pious incense be burnt on the hearths, 
 and odours which the luxurious Arab sends us from his rich 
 land. Let the Genius himself be present to behold his own 
 honours, with his sacred locks adorned with soft garlands. 
 Let his temples drop with pure spikenard, and let him have 
 his fill of libations of pure wine. May he grant you, Cer- 
 inthus, whatever you shall demand. Come, why do you 
 delay? He will grant; make your request. I augur that 
 
 1 Elegy II] This Elegy properly belongs to the fourth book 3 for it 
 celebrates the birth-day of Cerinthus, the lover of Sulpicia. 
 
TIBULLITS. 137 
 
 you will wish for the faithful love of a wife. I suspect the 
 gods themselves are already aware of this, 1 and that you would 
 be less pleased to have all the fields in the whole world which 
 the stout rustic ploughs with the strong ox, or all the gems 
 produced by the earth in wealthy India, where shines the 
 ruddy wave of the eastern sea. Your vows are ratified. 2 
 See you how Love flies hither with quivering wings, and 
 bears the yellow bonds of marriage ? Bonds which will en- 
 dure for ever, until decrepit age brings wrinkles and hoary 
 hair. Come with this winged omen, O natal day, and 
 supply a progeny ; and may a young group sport before thy 
 feet. 
 
 ELEGY III. 3 
 
 The country and her villa detain my girl, Cornutus ; oh, 
 one must be made of iron to remain in the city. Venus her- 
 self has now migrated to the glad fields. And Love is learn- 
 ing the ploughman's rustic words. Oh, if I might behold my 
 mistress the while, how bravely would I there turn up the 
 ground with the stout prong ! I would follow the curved 
 plough, like a husbandman, when the bullocks prepare the 
 ground for sowing ; nor would I complain that the sun scorched 
 my delicate limbs, and the burst blisters made my soft hands 
 sore. 
 
 Even beauteous Apollo feci the oxen of Admetus ; neither 
 his harp nor his unshorn locks availed him, nor could he cure 
 his amorous distresses with wholesome herbs ; love had con- 
 quered all the powers of his medical art. The god himself 
 
 1 / suspect the gods, &c] That is, I suspect that this is the burthen 
 of all your prayers to them. 
 
 2 Your vows are ratified.'] Vota cadunt. Most editors take this to mean 
 just the reverse, "your vows are made in vain;" the same words are 
 used in this sense in Propertius, i. 17. But we have the authority of 
 Bach and others for the sense which we have adopted, and which is 
 alone consistent with what follows. 
 
 3 Elegy III.] Nemesis, to whom the remaining Elegies of this book 
 are addressed, had gone from Rome to her country house, and Tibullus 
 declares his intention of becoming a peasant, and working in her fields, 
 after the example of Apollo, who in similar circumstances became the 
 herdsman of Admetus. So exasperated is he by the departure of his 
 mistress, that he curses his favourite pursuit of agriculture for having 
 caused it, and wishes for a return of the happy times when men fed on 
 acorns. 
 
1 38 T1BULLUS. 
 
 was wont to drive the cows from the stalls, and take them after 
 feeding time to the streams to drink. Then the light rush 
 basket was woven by his hand, and fine openings were left 
 between the meshes for the passage of the whey. Oh how 
 often is his sister said to have blushed when she met him 
 carrying a calf across the fields ! Oh how often when he sang 
 in some deep valley did the cattle dare to interrupt his exqui- 
 site strains with their lowing ! Often did princes seek oracles 
 in their anxiety, but found them not, and the crowd returned 
 home, frustrated, from the temple. Often did Latona grieve 
 to see the rough disorder of those sacred locks, which a step- 
 dame herself had before admired. Whoever had seen that 
 undressed head and that unbound hair, would have asked 
 where were the locks of Phosbus ? Where is thy Delos now, 
 Phoebus ? Where is the Delphic Pythoness ? Love com- 
 mands thee to dwell in a little cabin. 
 
 Happy the days of yore, when, as story tells, the immortals 
 were not ashamed to serve Venus. That love-smitten god is 
 now a common jest; but one to whom his mistress is dear, 
 would rather be a common jest than a god without love. 
 
 But oh, cruel Ceres, who wilest away Nemesis from the city, 
 may the earth never faithfully return thee the seed committed 
 to it. And thou, youthful Bacchus, planter of the pleasant 
 vine, do thou abandon the accursed vats. Thou canst not bury 
 lovely woman in the dreary fields with impunity ; thy vintage 
 is not worth such a price, father. O farewell to the fruits of 
 the earth ; rather than our girls should be banished to the 
 country, let us eat acorns and drink water in primitive fashion. 
 What were the men of those times the worse for not having 
 sown furrows ? When love inspired them, kind Venus gave 
 them joys in the shady valley. There were no guards then, 
 no doors that shut out those who would come in ; charming 
 customs, return, if it be possible ! 
 
 Lead on : I will till the land in obedience to my mistress. 
 I do not shrink from chains and blows. 
 
TIBULLUS. 189 
 
 ELEGY IV. 
 
 I see my slavery, and a mistress ready : farewell now, 
 freedom of my fathers. A hard servitude is imposed upon 
 me; I am held in chains ; and Love will never relax my bonds. 
 And whether I have done well or ill, he burns me. I am 
 burned ; oh remove the torch, cruel girl ! Oh, that I might 
 not feel such pangs, how much rather would I be a stone on 
 the frosty mountain ; or stand like a rock breasting the mad 
 winds, and beaten by the wrecking rage of the vast sea ! Now 
 bitter is the day, and more bitter the shades of night : all 
 seasons are now filled with gall and wretchedness. Elegies 
 help me not, nor Apollo, the author of song : her craving hand 
 is always stretched out for pay. Avaunt, Muses, if you are of 
 no help to a lover. I do not worship you in order to sing of 
 wars ; I describe not the journeyings of the Sun, nor how 
 the Moon, when she has completed her orbit, turns her horses 
 back again. I seek easy access to my mistress by my songs : 
 avaunt, Muses, if they are of no avail. 
 
 But means of largess must be won by me by slaughter and 
 crime, that I may not lie weeping before her closed doors. 
 Or I will carry off the tokens suspended in the holy fanes ; 
 and Yenus above all others shall be the object of my violence. 
 She tempts me to wickedness by giving me a rapacious mis- 
 tress : let her feel my sacrilegious hands. 
 
 O perish, whoever gathers green emeralds, and dyes the 
 snowy fleece with the Tyrian shell ! He gives girls motives 
 for avarice, and so does the Coan robe, and the clear pearl from 
 
 1 Elegy IV.~] Hopelessly devoted to a thankless mistress, Tibullus 
 execrates her venality, but is ready to indulge it at all hazards. " The 
 whole poem," says Grainger, " is a tempest of amorous and contrary 
 affections. By these our author is particularly distinguished from Ovid 
 and Propertius. These poets generally begin and end their elegies with 
 the same passion ; whereas the reader will often find in one of Tibullus's 
 all those contrarieties and transitions which peculiarly characterize the 
 passion of love, and are so beautiful in poetry. This justifies the elegant 
 encomium which Joannes Baptista Pius bestows on our author: Princeps 
 elegorum poetarum est dubio procul Al. Tibullus, quia vere amantem 
 agit. Modo superbit, modo supplicat; annuit, renuit; minatur, inter- 
 cedit ; dedignatur, devovet, orat ; inconstans est, quod voluit non vult, 
 quod optavit, refugit ; secum dissidens, ut in vera Cupidinis rota circumagi 
 credas. 
 
140 TIBULLUS. 
 
 the Red Sea. 1 These things have made them ill-natured ; 
 hence the door has come to know the key, and the dog has 
 begun to guard the threshold. But if you offer a large pre- 
 sent, the guard is overcome, the locks do not oppose your 
 entrance, and the dog is dumb. 2 Alas, whosoever of the gods 
 gave beauty to an avaricious woman, what a good thing he 
 buried under many bad ones ! Hence tears and quarrels ; 
 this in fine is what has made Love an ill-famed god. But you 
 who bar the door against lovers scorned for lucre, may wind 
 and fire rob you of your ill-got gain. Let young men look 
 with joy on the conflagration of your property, and not one of 
 them trouble himself to throw water on the flames. Or death 
 will overtake you ; and there will be none to mourn, or sadly 
 to minister to your obsequies. But the girl who was good- 
 natured and not avaricious, though she live a hundred years, 
 shall be wept for before the blazing pyre ; and some aged 
 man, revering the memory of his old love, shall yearly deck 
 her reared tomb with flowers, and say as he quits it, "Rest 
 well and placidly, and light be the earth above thy quiet 
 bones ! " 
 
 My warnings are true ; but what does truth avail me ? 
 I must love her upon her own conditions. Even if she bid 
 me sell my ancestral domain, go, my Lares, pass into the prae- 
 tor's hands and into the schedule. 3 All the poisons of Circe 
 and of Medea, all the deadly herbs produced by the soil of 
 Thessaly, and the virulent hippomanes 4 which drops from the 
 
 1 perish, &c] Stanley has rendered this passage in the notes on 
 his translation of Anacreon, first published in 1655 : 
 
 Oh may the man who digg'd green emeralds first, 
 And dipt white wool in Tyrian dye, be curs' d ! 
 Garments from Cos, and orient pearls he brought 
 From the Red Sea, and women avarice taught. 
 
 2 The dog is dumb.] We know not who is the author of the following 
 sarcastic epitaph on a dog which belonged to a married lady : 
 
 Latratu fures excepi, mutus amantes : 
 Sic placui domino, sic placui dominse. 
 I barked at thieves, was mute when lovers came ; 
 And thus I pleased my master, pleased my dame. 
 
 3 Pass into the prator's hands, &c] Ite sub imperium, sub titulumque 
 Lares : Be placed at the disposal of the praetor to be sold by auction, and 
 be inscribed in the public lists of property for sale. 
 
 4 Hippomanes.] Both authors and critics vary greatly in their opinions 
 
TIBULLUS. 141 
 
 lustful mare, when Venus inspires the unbroken herd, — if 
 only Xemesis looks upon me complacently — let her mix these 
 and a thousand other dreadful ingredients, and I will drink 
 them. 
 
 ELEGY V.i 
 
 Thy favour, Phoebus ! A new priest enters thy temple : 
 hither, come hither with harp and song ; I entreat thee now 
 
 respecting this mysterious ingredient of -witchcraft. Aristotle and The- 
 ocritus mention a plant of that name, the smell of which made mares 
 turn mad for the stallion. Pliny says the hippomanes was a fig-like ex- 
 crescence on the forehead of the new-born foal, which the dam immedi- 
 ately bit off and swallowed ; and if she was prevented, she would not let 
 the foal suck. Virgil, Georg. iii., agrees with Tibullus in making it a 
 liquid exudation. 
 
 1 Elegy F.] The subject of this Elegy is the appointment of Messalinus, 
 Messala's eldest son, as one of the Quindecemviri, the fifteen priests of 
 Apollo, who had charge of the Sibylline books. "The Romans," says 
 Grainger, "were proud of being thought the posterity of the Trojans; 
 and their poets embraced every opportunity of making their court to the 
 people by adopting that notion. Nor was this prejudice confined to the 
 meaner sort of Romans ; Julius Caesar, and his successor, either believed, 
 or affected from political motives to believe, that they were descendants 
 of iEneas. Nay, so far was this folly carried, that Augustus entertained 
 a design of transferring the seat of empire from Rome to Troy. This 
 the Romans dreaded not a little ; and to such a height did their ap- 
 prehensions increase, a. u. c. 734, when Augustus was in Syria, that Ho- 
 race, all courtier as he was, is supposed to have written that noble ode, 
 Justum et tenacem, lib. iii. od. 5, obliquely to dissuade the emperor from 
 that measure. As this, however, was a very delicate subject, and none 
 knew better how to flatter his patron than Horace, he abruptly breaks off, 
 — non heec jocosse conveniunt lyrse : these things are unsuited to the 
 sportive lyre. Tibullus, however, not lying under the same obligations 
 to Augustus as the lyric poet, and neither courting the smiles nor dread- 
 ing the frowns of the court, he, like a true patriot in all the enthusiasm 
 of poetry, introduces the Sibyl pushing on iEneas to the new settlement 
 destined by heaven for him and his followers in Italy. As Augustus pro- 
 fessed a great veneration for the Sibylline books, and was anxious to be 
 thought the son of Apollo, who, he said, fought for him at the battle of 
 Actium ; the people (whose prejudices to the removing of their seat of 
 empire must have been augmented by our poet's well-timed prophecy) 
 would have regarded Augustus's breach of the Sibyl's orders as the most 
 impious of violations. Besides, so flagrant a disrespect, and in one too of 
 such eminence, might have produced the most fatal consequences to his 
 government, by weakening the reverence which his subjects entertained 
 for the Sibylline writings. This, Augustus was too sensible not to per- 
 ceive, and too politic not to avoid." 
 
142 TIBULLUS. 
 
 to strike the vocal chords with thy thumb, and shape the 
 strains to words of praise. With thy temples bound with 
 triumphal laurel, come to thy own rites, while they heap the 
 altar ; but come neat and fair ; put on now thy choicest gar- 
 ment; 1 comb well thy long locks, and appear as they say 
 thou didst, when after the rout of King Saturn thou sangest 
 praises to victorious Jove. Thou seest coming events long 
 beforehand ; the augur, vowed to thee, knows well what the 
 prescient bird sings. Thou governest lots ; through thee the 
 aruspex forecasts the future, when a god has set marks on 
 the slippery entrails. Guided by thee, the Sibyl who sings 
 in hexameters the hidden things of fate, has never misled the 
 Romans. Phoebus, suffer Messalinus to touch the books of 
 the prophetess, and expound to him thyself, I beseech thee, 
 what she sings. 
 
 She made known his destiny to iEneas, after, as the. legend 
 tells, he bore off his father and his rescued Lares, nor thought 
 that Rome would be, when he looked back in sorrow from the 
 deep on Ilion and its burning gods. Romulus had not yet 
 formed the walls of the eternal city, in which his associate 
 Remus was not destined to dwell ; but cows fed there on 
 the grassy Palatine, and humble cabins stood on the site of 
 Jove's citadel. Milk-swilling Pan lodged there under the 
 shade of the holm-oak, and wooden Pales carved with a rustic 
 bill-hook. The garrulous pipe, sacred to the woodland god, 
 hung on a tree, as the homage of the roving shepherd : the pipe, 
 in which the range of reeds decreases continually, for a smaller 
 tube is joined with wax to the first, and so on to the end. 
 But where the open region of the Velabrum 2 extends, a little 
 boat used to ply over the water. In it the girl who was to 
 charm the rich master of the flock, was often ferried over to 
 the youth on festal days. Gifts of the fruitful country re- 
 turned with her, a cheese, and the white lamb of a snowy 
 ewe. 
 
 1 Thy choicest garment.'] Sepositum. The poet in plain terms requests 
 the god to wash his face, comb his hair, and put on his best suit, the one 
 which is laid by for high days and holidays. 
 
 2 The Velabrum.'] The low ground lying between the Capitoline and 
 the Aventine hills, and stretching from the forum to the river. It was 
 anciently a swamp, until drained by the Cloaca Maxima and its branches, 
 after which it was covered with streets and became one of the most popu- 
 lous districts of the city. 
 
TIBULLUS. 143 
 
 '•'Intrepid iEneas," sang the Sibyl, " brother of winged Love, 
 who carriest the sacred things of Troy in thy ships as thou 
 fliest, Jupiter now assigns to thee the Laurentian fields ; that 
 hospitable land now invites thy wandering Lares. Troy will 
 then indeed marvel at itself, and own that thou hast done 
 wisely in traversing so long a way. There thou wilt be sanc- 
 tified when the honoured water of Numicus l shall have sent 
 thee to heaven as one of the Dii Indigetes. Lo, victory hovers 
 over thy wave- worn ships. At last the haughty goddess joins 
 the Trojans. Lo, the flames gleam before me in the camp of 
 the Rutuli ; now I foretell death to thee, barbarian Turnus. 
 Before my eyes is the Laurentian camp and the wall of La- 
 vinium, and Alba Longa founded by Prince Ascanius. Thee, 
 too, I see, priestess, who wilt charm Mars ; Ilia, thou hast 
 deserted the altars of Vesta; I see your stealthy embraces,- 
 and the fillets cast on the ground, and the arms of the ardent 
 god left on the shore. Pluck, bulls, the grass from the seven 
 mountains while now you may ; this will be the site of a great 
 city. Rome, thy name is destined by fate to rule the earth, 
 wherever Ceres looks down from heaven on her fields, from 
 where the rising of the sun is seen, to where his panting steeds 
 bathe in the restless waves. I sing true things : so may I 
 ever feed unharmed on the sacred laurel, 2 and my virginity 
 be eternal." 
 
 Thus the prophetess sang, and called thee, Phoebus, to her, 
 and tossed her head and her dishevelled hair. Expound also 
 to Messalinus whatever Amalthea, whatever Mermessia told ; 
 what Herophile, beloved of Phoebus, announced ; and the sa- 
 cred oracles which Aniena of Tibur carried dry in her bosom 
 through the floods. 3 These foretold that there would be a 
 
 1 Numicus 7[ iEneas lost Lis life either in the river Numicus or in a 
 battle fought near it. See Livy, i. 2. Modern topographers fix on a 
 small stream called the Rio Torto as the ancient Numicus ; it passes 
 within a short distance of Pontica, which is generally recognised as the 
 ancient Lavinium. 
 
 2 Feed on the sacred laurel.~\ The Pythia before she ascended the tri- 
 pod bathed in the water of Castalia, crowned herself with laurel, and 
 chewed its leaves to increase the inspiration. 
 
 3 Amalthea, Mermessia, &c] According to the most learned of the 
 Romans there were ten Sibyls : the Persian, Libyan, Delphic, Cumeean, 
 Erythraean, Samian, Cuman, Hellespontic, Phrygian, and Tiburtine. But 
 the list may be greatly curtailed, for in some cases two or more of these 
 local titles were given to the same person. It seems certain that the 
 
144 TIBULLUS. 
 
 comet, evil sign of war, and that many stones would rain down 
 upon the earth ; and they say that trumpets and clashing arms 
 were heard in the sky, and that the sacred groves predicted 
 flight. The cloudy year, too, saw the rayless sun yoke his pale 
 horses ; and the images of the gods shedding warm tears ; and 
 heard oxen foretelling the fates with human voices. 
 
 These things were of old ; but now, mild Apollo, sink such 
 portents beneath the tameless ocean ; and may the lighted 
 laurel crackle well in the sacred fire, giving omen of a happy 
 and sacred year. Ho, the laurel hath given good tokens ; 
 farmers, rejoice ! Ceres will distend the full granaries with 
 corn, and the rustic, tipsy with must, will tread the grapes 
 till cisterns and vats shall fail to hold the abundant liquor. 
 The shepherd bedewed by Bacchus shall celebrate his festival 
 of Pales ; then keep aloof from the stalls, ye wolves. Filled 
 with drink he will set fire solemnly to heaps of straw, and leap 
 through the sacred flames. And the matron will bear chil- 
 dren, and the son will catch hold of his father by the ears 
 and kiss him ; nor will the grandfather weary of watching 
 over his little grandson, and prattling broken words with the 
 child. Then the lads who have done service to the gods will 
 stretch themselves on the grass where falls the light shade of 
 an ancient tree. Or they will spread out their garments for 
 screens and tie them with flowery sprays ; and a crowned 
 goblet shall stand before them. Each spreads a banquet for 
 himself, and erects a table and a couch of turf. There the 
 youth will fling spiteful words at his girl in his drink, which 
 lie will soon wish unsaid ; for savage as he is just now, he will 
 weep when he is sober, and swear that he was not in his right 
 senses. 
 
 So please thee, Phoebus, perish bows, perish arrows, only 
 let Love roam the earth unarmed. Good is the art of archery, 
 but since Cupid took up arms, alas, alas, to how many has 
 that art been woeful ! And to myself especially, for I have 
 lain wounded for this year past ; and I encourage the fester- 
 ing sore, so pleased am I with the pain ! Scarcely have I 
 
 Cumsean, Cuman, Erythraean, and Hellespontic were one and the same. 
 The names of these prophetesses, Amalthea, Herophile, &c, are involved 
 in almost hopeless confusion. Tibullus appears to have taken at random 
 names commonly current without investigating very closely their origin 
 or their relations to each other. 
 
TIBULLUS. 145 
 
 power left to sing my Nemesis, without whom I cannot find 
 words or measure for a line. 
 
 But thee, girl, I warn (for poets are under the safeguard of 
 the gods) spare the sacred poet ; that I may celebrate Messa- 
 linus, when vanquished towns 1 shall be borne as honours of 
 war before the chariot in which he sits crowned with laurel ; 
 whilst the soldier also, bound with the laurel of the fields, 
 shall sing aloud, Io, triumphe ! Then let his father, my Mes- 
 sala, present a hallowed spectacle to the crowd, 2 as he ap- 
 plauds the son who passes before him in the chariot of victory. 
 Grant this, Phoebus : so may thy locks be unshorn ; so may 
 thy sister be ever pure. 
 
 ELEGY VI. 3 
 
 Macer is bound for the camp : what will become of tender 
 Love ? Shall he go with him, and bravely bear arms on his 
 neck ? And whether Macer toils on the long march by land, 
 or crosses the uncertain sea, will Love be ready to go by his 
 side equipped with weapons ? Burn him, boy, I beseech thee, 
 for thus savagely forsaking the leisure of thy service, and. 
 bring back the deserter beneath thy banners. If thou sparest 
 soldiers, here too is one who will be a soldier, ay, and even 
 fetch his own thin potation of water in his helmet. 
 
 1 Vanquished towns. ] Plans of towns taken in war formed part of the 
 pageantry of triumphs. They were at first of wood ; but in Caesar's last 
 triumph they were of silver. 
 
 2 Then let his father, &c.] Turn Messala metis det pia spcctacula turbce, 
 Et plaudat curru prcetereunte pater. Grainger, following the false lead of 
 most commentators, translates these lines thus : 
 
 His father hails him as he rides along, 
 And entertains with pompous shows the throng. 
 The interpretation we have given above is that of Heyne ; the father ap- 
 plauding his son's triumph were a spectacle of paternal pride and affec- 
 tion that would claim the sympathy of the beholders : such is the force of 
 the word pia. 
 
 3 Elegy VI.'] Impatient of the cruelty of Nemesis, Tibullus proposes 
 to follow the example of his brother poet, Macer, and go to the wars, 
 but quickly recollects how often he had made similar resolutions, but 
 wanted firmness to persevere in them. The poem must have been writ- 
 ten about b. c. 24, when Augustus was preparing to send iElius Gallus 
 into Arabia Felix. The latter part of this Elegy, beginning with, " But 
 come, whoever thou art," is, in the common text, inserted into the third 
 Elegy of the second book, where, as the best editors admit, it is quite out 
 of place. 
 
 L 
 
146 TIBULLUS. 
 
 I am for the camp : farewell Venus, farewell the girls ! I, 
 too, am valiant, and the trumpet was made for me. I talk 
 big ; but when I have talked magnificently big, the barred 
 door upsets all my brave words. How often have I sworn 
 that I would never return to her threshold ! And when 
 I have sworn stoutly, my foot goes back there of its own 
 accord. Cruel Love, may I see thy arrows broken, and thy 
 torch extinguished, if it be possible ! Wretch that I am, thou 
 torturest me, and forcest me to curse myself, and to utter 
 mad blasphemies. 
 
 But come, whoever thou art, to whom Cupid is a grim- 
 visaged commander, come to my tent and let us share the toils 
 of war together. This iron age prizes not Venus, but booty ; 
 yet booty is won with many hardships. Booty hath girded 
 fierce ranks with hostile arms ; hence comes bloodshed, and 
 slaughter, and expedited death. Booty impelled men to double 
 their dangers on the restless sea, when it put warlike prows 
 to insecure ships. He who fights for booty longs to possess 
 immense fields, that he may have countless flocks feeding 
 over multitudes of acres. He is anxious to procure foreign 
 stone ; a column is carried to his mansion, amidst the con- 
 fusion of the city, by a thousand strong pairs of oxen ; and a 
 mole locks in the tameless sea, that the fish at ease within it 
 may disregard the wintry billows. But let Samian pottery, 
 and plastic clay fashioned on the Cuman wheel, bear glad 
 cheer for you. Alas, alas, I see that our girls delight in 
 wealthy lovers. Come then spoil and plunder, if Venus 
 craves for opulence ; that my Nemesis may swim in luxury, 
 and be made conspicuous by my presents as she walks through 
 the city. Let her wear thin robes spun by the Coan women 
 and inwoven with gold ; let her be attended by dark-skinned 
 servants scorched in India, and blackened by the fire from 
 the near chariot of the sun ; let Africa and Tyre vie in sup- 
 plying her with their choicest colours, their purples of violet 
 and crimson tinge. 
 
 I speak things notorious to all lovers : that fellow is now 
 royally installed, who was often forced to show his chalked 
 feet 1 on the barbarian platform. 
 
 1 Chalked feet.] Slaves imported from abroad, when they were ex- 
 posed for sale, had their feet whitened with chalk or gypsum (plaster of 
 Paris). The poet's successful rival was some wealthy freedman. 
 
TIBULLUS. 147 
 
 ELEGY VII. 1 
 
 I would ere this have put an end to my woes by death ; 
 but credulous hope cherishes life, and always says that to- 
 morrow will be better. Hope cheers the husbandman ; hope 
 commits the seed to the ploughed furrow, to be repaid by 
 the field with large interest. She catches birds with the 
 snare, and fishes with the rod, when the bait has previ- 
 ously concealed the fine hooks. Hope consoles even the 
 slave who is fastened in strong fetters : the irons rattle on his 
 legs, yet he sings at his work. Hope assures me that Neme- 
 sis will be kind ; but she refuses. Oh, stubborn girl, be not 
 stronger than a goddess ! Spare me, I implore you by the 
 bones and premature death of your sister ; so may the little 
 one rest well beneath the gentle earth, She is sacred to me ; 
 I will offer gifts upon her tomb, and garlands wet with my 
 tears. I will fly to her tomb, and sit there a suppliant, and 
 complain of my fate to her mute dust. She will not suffer 
 me, her client, always to weep for your sake. I deprecate 
 her words, that you be kind to me, lest her neglected manes 
 send you bad dreams, and your sad sister stand before your 
 bed as you sleep, such in appearance as when, falling head- 
 long from a high window, she went all bloody to the shades. 
 
 I drop the subject, lest the bitter grief of my mistress be 
 renewed. I am not worth that she should weep once through 
 me ; nor does she deserve that her speaking eyes should be 
 spoiled with tears. It is a bawd that injures me ; my girl 
 herself is good-natured. Phryne, the bawd, denies me ad- 
 mittance, and goes backwards and forwards carrying notes 
 concealed in her bosom. Often when I hear sweet tones 
 from my mistress's hard threshold, that old wretch says she 
 is not at home. Often when a night has been promised me 
 she brings me word that my girl is ill, or that she is frightened 
 by some threatening events or other. Then I am mortally 
 
 1 Elegy VII.] The poet would long ago have ended his woes by death, 
 had he not been sustained by the catholic cordial of hope. He implores 
 Nemesis to have pity on him, adjuring her by the manes of her sister, to 
 whose tomb he will repair as a suppliant ; and he inveighs against the go- 
 between who thwarts his passion. In many editions this poem is joined 
 to the 1 preceding one. 
 
 l 2 
 
148 T1BULLUS. 
 
 tormented ; then my mind is lost in conjecturing who it is 
 that enjoys my girl, and in how many ways. Then, bawd, I 
 curse you ; you will have a sore life enough, if the gods fulfil 
 the least part of my prayers. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ELEGY I. 
 
 The festive calends of Roman Mars are come. This was 
 the beginning of the year for our ancestors ; and now, accord- 
 ing to established custom, gifts fly about in all directions 
 through the streets of the city, and the houses. Say, Muses, 
 with what gift shall I do homage to her who, mine or not 
 mine, is always dear Necera ? 
 
 THE MUSES. 
 
 " The lovely are won with song, the avaricious with gold. 
 Let her rejoice, as she is worthy to do, in your verses. But 
 let a yellow wrapper enclose the snow-white book, and let the 
 pumice first of all smooth its white leaves. On the surface 
 of the thin paper let there be a finely-executed inscription, 
 declaring your name, and between the two fronts let there be 
 stained ornamental tips ; for thus should the work be adorned 
 to be fit to send to her." 
 
 TIBULLUS. 
 
 I entreat you by yourselves, who have dictated my strains, 
 and by the Castalian shade and the Pierian waters, go to her 
 house, and give her the handsome book as it was ; let it lose 
 none of its gloss. She will send me back word, whether she 
 
 1 Elegy /.] This is a dedication, in the form of a dialogue between 
 the poet and the Muses. Romulus, who divided the year into ten months, 
 dedicated the first to his father Mars. Numa Pompilius added the months 
 of January and February to the calendar of Romulus ; but the custom 
 of presenting New-year's gifts continued, nevertheless, to be observed on 
 the first of March. 
 
TIBULLUS. 149 
 
 regards me with mutual affection, or with less, or whether I 
 have lost all place in her bosom. But first wish her long 
 health as she deserves, and say thus to her in submissive 
 tone : " Your husband that will be, your brother that now is, 
 chaste Neoera, sends you 'this little gift and begs you to ac- 
 cept it. And he swears that you are dearer to him than his 
 vitals, whether you are to be his wife or his sister ; but his 
 wife rather : nothing but Pluto's pallid water shall take from 
 him the hope of that name." 
 
 ELEGY II. 1 
 
 He was made of iron who first tore the beloved maid from 
 the youth, and the beloved youth from the maid. Hard too 
 was he who could bear such grief, and survive the loss of his 
 mistress. I have not such fortitude ; such power of endur- 
 ance is not in my nature. Sorrow breaks even stout hearts. 
 Nor am I ashamed to speak the truth, and to confess my dis- 
 gust for a life that has suffered so many woes. So when I 
 shall have been changed into a thin shade, and the black dust 
 shall cover my white bones, may Neasra with long dishevelled 
 hair-come and weep before my funeral pile. But let her come 
 accompanied by her dear sorrowing mother ; and let the one 
 mourn a son-in-law, the other a husband. Then having ad- 
 dressed my manes, invoked my soul, and washed their pious 
 hands in water, let them with their black robes unbound col- 
 lect all that will remain of my body, my whitened bones. And 
 when they have collected them, let them first sprinkle them 
 with old wine, then wash them with white milk ; afterwards 
 soak the moisture from them with linen cloths, and lay them 
 dry in their marble home. Then be there poured upon them 
 the materials supplied by rich Panchaia, the Eastern Arabians, 
 and fruitful Assyria, and with them tears to my memory. 
 Thus I desire to be disposed of when I am turned to bones. 
 And let an inscription declare the sad cause of my death, and 
 display these words on the conspicuous front of the tomb : 
 Here lies Lygdamus ; grief and pining love for his lost bride 
 Neaera were the cause of his death. 
 
 1 Elegy ll.~] Written on the occasion of Neaera's departure from Rome 
 with her mother. 
 
150 TIBULLUS. 
 
 ELEGY III.' 
 
 What avails it, Nesera, to have wearied the gods with 
 vows, and to have offered them pleasing incense with many 
 prayers ? I have not done this that I might issue forth from 
 a marble mansion, as the distinguished scion of an illustrious 
 house ; or that my oxen might till many acres of land, and 
 the kindly earth yield me large crops ; but that I might share 
 with you the joys of a long life, and that my age might sink 
 to rest on your bosom, when I should have completed my 
 allotted span of life, and should be compelled to be ferried 
 naked in the Lethasan boat. For what were I the better for 
 a vast weight of gold ? Or though a thousand oxen tilled my 
 fertile land? What to me were a mansion supported on 
 Phrygian columns, or on those from your quarries, Tsenarus 
 or Caristus ? 2 Or to have in my house plantations resembling 
 sacred groves, and gilded beams, and a marble floor ? What 
 delight have I in cloths dyed with the shell collected on the 
 Red Sea's shore, or with the murex of Sidon, or in all the 
 things besides which the vulgar admire ? These things excite 
 envy. The things which the vulgar love are mostly worthless. 
 A man's mind is not lightened or his cares removed by wealth, 
 for Fortune rules time and its events by her own law. To 
 me let poverty be welcome with thee, Neaera, but without 
 thee I care for no gifts of kings. brightly fair day, that 
 shall restore thee to me ! day for me thrice and four times 
 blessed ! But if my god hears with no averted ears whatever 
 vows are offered for that sweet return, I care not for kingdoms, 
 
 1 Elegy III.'] Tibulhis complains of the inflexible cruelty of Neeera, 
 and of the failure of all his vows and offerings to the gods — vows and 
 offerings the object of which was not wealth, but that he might enjoy the 
 society of his beloved one until the close of life. He values not wealth 
 without love, and would gladly embrace poverty with Neaera. Without 
 her, he would gladly die. 
 
 2 Phrygian columns, &c] The Phrygian marble, so highly prized by 
 the Romans, was obtained from the quarries of Dorimia, a village near 
 Synnada, one of the chief towns of Phrygia Magna. It was white with 
 purple spots. Black marble, now known as Nero Antico, was obtained 
 from the promontory of Tasnarus in Laconia (Cape Matapan). Carystus 
 in the island of Euboea produced a white and green marble, resembling 
 in hue the lower part of the stalk and outer coat of an onion or leek ; 
 and hence it has received the name of Cipollino marble. 
 
TIBULLTJS. 151 
 
 nor for the golden stream of Lydia, 1 nor for all the riches 
 which the whole earth contains. Let others covet them ; to 
 me be it granted to enjoy my dear spouse, content in humble 
 competence. 
 
 Come, daughter of Saturn, and favour my timid vows; come, 
 Cyprian goddess, wafted on thy shell, and favour them. But 
 if the return I pray for is denied by fate and by the sad 
 sisters who spin the threads and sing the things that are to 
 be, may lurid Orcus in his dull water call me to the vast 
 rivers and the black marsh of the realms below. 
 
 ELEGY IV.2 
 
 Mat the gods grant me better things ; nor let those dreams 
 be true which hateful sleep presented to me last night. Avaunt, 
 dreams ; turn away your false, delusive faces, and expect no 
 longer to be believed. The gods give true warnings of com- 
 ing destiny ; the entrails examined by the Tuscan seers give 
 true warnings ; but idle dreams beguile us in the deceitful 
 night, and fill our timorous minds with false fears ; yet man- 
 kind, born for trouble, deprecate the omens of night with con- 
 secrated meal and crackling salt. Be this as it may, whether 
 they will ; believe the true soothsayer or a lying dream, / will 
 pray that Lucina make my nightly fears to be vain, and grant 
 that my anticipations be not fulfilled ; if my mind is conscious 
 of no base deed, nor has my tongue impiously blasphemed 
 the great gods. 
 
 Night having traversed the firmament in her black chariot, 
 had washed her wheels in the azure flood, nor had I been 
 lulled by the god that is wholesome to the sick mind. Sleep 
 fails before the house of care. At length when Phoebus looked 
 forth from the verge of the orient, tardy sleep closed my weary 
 eyes. Then a youth, with temples wreathed in chaste laurel, 
 was seen to set foot within my dwelling. His unshorn locks 
 flowed down his long neck, and breathed Syrian perfumes. 
 His fairness was like that which shines from the face of 
 Latona's daughter, and a rosy hue mingled with his snowy 
 
 1 The golden stream of Lydia.] The Pactolus. The name is now 
 corrupted by the Turks into Bagouly. 
 
 2 Elegy IV\. Tibullus describes a dream in which Apollo appeared to 
 him, and warned him of Neaera's inconstancy. 
 
152 TIBULLUS. 
 
 whiteness ; like the blush that suffuses the soft cheeks of the 
 maid when first she is delivered to her young husband ; like 
 as when maidens twine white lilies with amaranths ; like as 
 when autumn ruddies the white apples. A palla l played upon 
 his ankles, for that was the garb in which his fair body was 
 clothed. On his left side hung the speaking lyre, a work of 
 rare art, shining with tortoise-shell and gold. Striking its 
 chords with an ivory plectrum as soon as he entered, he gave 
 forth auspicious sounds, accompanying them with his lips. 
 And when his fingers and his voice had mingled in harmony, 
 he uttered these words in sweet, sad measure : 
 
 " Hail, favourite of gods ; for Phoebus, and Bacchus, and 
 the Muses constantly favour the chaste poet. But Bacchus, 
 son of Semele, and the learned Sisters, are unable to declare 
 what the future will bring, but to me my father has given to 
 be able to see the laws of fate, and the events of coming 
 time. Hear therefore what I, unfailing prophet, what I, the 
 Cynthian god, will utter with true lips. She who is dear to 
 thee as no daughter is to her mother, as no fair girl is to the 
 eager bridegroom ; she for whom thou dost weary the gods 
 with vows, who suffers not thy days to pass in peace, and 
 who mocks thee with nightly visions when sleep has wrapped 
 thee in her sombre mantle ; she who is celebrated in thy 
 songs, the beautiful Nesera, prefers to be the bride of another. 
 The unkind girl has her own amorous cares which are not 
 for thee ; Neasra. rejoices not in the thought of entering a pure 
 house as a bride. Ah, cruel sex ! woman, faithless name ! 
 Ah perish whosoever she be that has learned to betray a 
 lover's hopes ! But she may be bent ; their minds are change- 
 able ; only stretch out thy arms to her with abundant prayers. 
 Harsh Love hath taught his votaries to perform stubborn 
 tasks ; harsh Love hath taught them to bear stripes. That 
 I once pastured the white herds of Admetus, is not a tale in- 
 vented for idle pastime. At that time I could neither take 
 pleasure in my tuneful lute, nor accompany its chords with 
 my voice ; but I practised airs on a shining oaten pipe, I, the 
 great son of Latona and Jove. Thou knowest not what love 
 is, young man, if thou refusest to bear with a cruel and in- 
 tractable mistress. Hesitate not therefore to employ the per- 
 
 1 A palla.'] This was a loose robe reaching from the head to the feet. 
 It was the appropriate garb of harpers, and of their patron Apollo. 
 
TIBULLUS. 153 
 
 suasive accents of sorrow ; hard hearts are overcome by soft 
 prayer. If there be truth in the oracles chanted in the sacred 
 temples, report these words to her in my name : The Delian 
 god himself promises thee this marriage, this happy marriage ! 
 Cease to wish for another husband." 
 
 He said, and dull sleep departed from me. Ah may I 
 escape the sight of such ills ! I cannot believe that thy wishes 
 are contrary to mine, nor that there is such guilt in thy heart. 
 For thou wast not born of the waters of the vast deep, nor of 
 the fierce, fire-vomiting Chimera ; nor of the dog with three 
 tongues and three heads, whose back is covered with a ser- 
 pent brood ; nor of Scylla, whose virgin form is cinctured with 
 dogs ; nor did a savage lioness conceive and bring thee forth, 
 nor the barbarous land of Scythia, nor dread Syrtis ; but thou 
 wast born in a civilized dwelling, not inhabited by cruel beings, 
 and of a mother exceeding all others in gentleness, and of the 
 most amiable of fathers. 
 
 May the god turn these cruel dreams to a better result, and 
 bid the soft south winds sweep them away as frustrated presages. 
 
 ELEGY V. 1 
 
 You are staying at the waters that flow from the Tuscan 
 fountains, waters not to be visited in the dog-days, but now 
 excelling even the sacred wells of Baias, 2 whilst the earth is 
 renewing itself in the purple spring. To me Persephone 
 announces the fatal hour ; spare, goddess, an innocent youth ! 
 I have not attempted audaciously to reveal the inviolable rites 
 of the goddess worthy of all praise. My hand has not tainted 
 the cup with deadly juices, nor given sure poisons to any one ; 
 I have not sacrilegiously set fire to temples ; no impious deeds 
 rack my heart with remorse ; nor have I opened my mouth to 
 utter mad blasphemies against the gods. My black hair is 
 
 1 Elegy V.] The poet, suffering under a protracted fever, addresses 
 some friends who were visiting the hot springs of Etruria. He laments 
 his prospect of untimely death, and entreats his friends to offer sacrifices 
 for his recovery. 
 
 2 But now excelling, &c] The common reading of the original is 
 unanimously given up as unintelligible. We have adopted Bach's con- 
 jectural emendation, which appears to us one of the happiest efforts of the 
 kind with which we are acquainted : Nunc autem ante sacras Baiarum 
 maxima lymphas. 
 
154 TIBULLUS. 
 
 not yet touched with grey, nor has age, bent and slow-footed, 
 come upon me. [My parents first saw my birth-day when 
 both consuls fell by the same fate.] 1 Why rob the vine of its 
 growing grapes ; and pluck with marring hand the just-formed 
 apples ? Spare me, all ye gods who possess the pale waters, 
 you to whose lot has fallen the third dread realm ! Let me 
 become acquainted hereafter with the Elysian fields, and the 
 bark of Lethe, and the Cimmerian lakes, 2 when my face is 
 pale with wrinkled age, and I, an old man, relate the events of 
 early days to youths. 3 May the fear which this fever causes 
 
 1 Both consuls fell.'] Meaning Hirtius and Pansa, who were mortally- 
 wounded at Mutina, in the battle against Antony, b. g. 43. The passage 
 enclosed between brackets is certainly an interpolation ; not only has it 
 no necessary dependence on the context, but the latter would be improved 
 if it were taken away. The original consists of two lines, the second of 
 which is found verbatim in Ovid, Trist. iv. 10, 6; 
 
 Here was I born: then rose my natal day, 
 When by one fate both consuls slaughter' d lay. 
 If Tibullus was bom in the same year with Ovid, it is singular that 
 the latter, who was so minutely communicative, should have omitted so 
 remarkable a fact, the mention of which would seem naturally prompted 
 by his esteem for Tibullus. But on the contrary he leaves us to suppose, 
 from a successive enumeration of poets, that Tibullus was considerably 
 his senior ; and he regrets that fate had not allowed him to cultivate his 
 friendship. Moreover the chronology which these lines would establish, 
 can by no means be reconciled with various known events of our poet's 
 life. For instance, it would show him to have been only thirteen or 
 fourteen years of age when he bore a distinguished part in his patron 
 Messala's victorious campaign in Gaul. Tibullus fell sick at Corcyra on 
 his voyage with Messala to Syria, which was undertaken at the latest in 
 726 (b. c. 28); and it appears from the Elegy which he wrote on that oc- 
 casion that he must have been for some time the favoured lover of Delia. 
 That Elegy is one of his most successful compositions, and his precocity 
 is unexampled, if before reaching the age of sixteen, he had earned ail 
 these triumphs in war, and love, and poetry. Lastly, Horace must have 
 been forty when he wrote the Epistle in which he compliments Tibullus as 
 the candid critic of his satirical and epistolary " discourses: " a very un- 
 likely sort of deference to one who was more than twenty years his 
 junior. 
 
 2 Cimmerian lakes.'] In Homer and his imitators the Cimmerians are a 
 people who dwell in the mysterious regions of the far west, in a sunless 
 land, shrouded in mists and clouds on the borders of the Ocean Stream, 
 near the entrance to the realms of Hades. 
 
 3 My black hair . . . to youths.] These lines have been happily imi- 
 tated by Hammond : — 
 
 No stealth of time has thinned'my flowing hair, 
 Nor age yet bent me with her iron hand ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 155 
 
 me prove groundless ! I have now lain ill these fifteen days, 
 whilst you are celebrating the divine powers of the Tuscan 
 waters, and the yielding wave is parted by your straining 
 arms. Live happy, and remember me, whether I remain on 
 earth, or the Fates will that I shall be no more. Meanwhile, 
 promise black victims to Pluto, and libations of white milk 
 
 mingled with wine. 
 
 ELEGY VI. 1 
 
 Come, fair Bacchus : so may the mystic vine be thine per- 
 petually ; so may thy brows be ever bound with ivy. Take 
 away my pangs, thou who hast thyself had need of the same 
 medication : often has Love succumbed beneath the power of 
 thy attribute. Dear boy, let the goblets mantle with generous 
 Bacchus ; go pou* out Falernian for me with prone hand. Be 
 gone far hence, cares and troubles, a tormenting race ! Here 
 let the Delian god show his radiant presence with white birds 
 of good omen. And you, sweet friends, second my purpose, 
 and let no one decline to follow my example. Or if any one 
 refuses the friendly strife of wine, may the girl he loves de- 
 ceive him by some impenetrable artifice. 
 
 That god makes the soul wealthy ; he tames the haughty 
 spirit, and makes it obedient to the will of a mistress ; he 
 conquers Armenian tigers and tawny lions, and gives soft 
 hearts to savage beasts. These things, and greater yet, Love 
 can do. But call for the gifts of Bacchus ! Which of you 
 likes an empty cup ? Bacchus is equitable ; he does not look 
 grimly on those who honour him, and with him merry wine ; 
 but to the sober he shows his wrath more and more : whoso 
 fears the might of an angry god, let him drink ! How dread- 
 
 Ah why so soon the tender blossom tear, 
 
 Ere autumn yet the ripened fruit demand ? 
 Ye gods who dwell in gloomy shades below, 
 
 Now slowly tread your melancholy round ; 
 Now wandering view the baleful rivers flow, 
 
 And musing hearken to their solemn sound : 
 O let me still enjoy the cheerful day, 
 
 Till, many years unheeded o'er me rolled, 
 Pleased in my age I trifle life away, 
 
 And tell how much I loved ere 1 grew old. 
 1 Elegy VI.~] Neaera has married a man of her own rank in life, and 
 Tibullus seeks solace in wine for his disappointed affections. 
 
156 
 
 TIBULLUS. 
 
 fill he is to such, and with what chastisement he visits them, 
 the gory victim of the Cadmean matron teaches us. 1 But far 
 from us be this fear ; let her feel, wherever she be, what is 
 the force of an offended deity's anger ! 
 
 What prayer do I utter, insensate that I am ! Let my rash 
 wishes be scattered to the winds and the clouds. Though 
 thou no longer carest for me, Neaera, be happy, and fair be 
 thy destiny. For us, let us give our careless moments to the 
 table ; one serene day is come after many bad ones. — Ah me, 
 it is hard to affect false joys ; it is hard to feign merriment 
 when the mind is sad ; the forced smile sits ill on lips that 
 belie the heart, and the words of drunken revelry ill befit the 
 anxious. — Why do I grieve and whine ? Base cares, begone ! 
 Father Lenseus hates sad talk. 
 
 Thus didst thou weep of yore the perjury of Theseus, O 
 Gnosian maid, deserted on the unknown shore. Thus, 
 daughter of Minos, did skilled Catullus sing for thee, and tell 
 of the abominable acts of the ungrateful man. And I now 
 warn you, my comrades: Happy will you be if you learn from 
 another's suffering to avoid your own. Be not insnared by 
 arms that hang round your neck, nor beguiled by the coaxing 
 prayers of a crafty tongue. Though the false one swear by 
 her own eyes, and by her Juno and her Venus, there will be 
 no faith in her oaths : Jupiter smiles at lovers' perjuries, and 
 bids the winds scatter them. Why then do I complain so 
 often of the words of a deceiving girl ? Away from me, all 
 serious words. — How gladly would I rest with thee the live- 
 long night, and wake with thee the live-long day ! False to 
 me without cause ; not kind to me though with cause to be 
 so ; false, but though false, yet dear ! 
 
 Bacchus loves the Naiads ; Iwhy do you loiter, slow attend- 
 ant ? Dilute this old wine with water. If my fickle mis- 
 tress shuns my table, preferring the bed of a low rival, I 
 will not spend the whole night in sighing. Go, boy, bring 
 stronger wine. I ought long ago to have perfumed my head 
 with Syrian nard, and have twined flowers in my hair. 
 
 1 The gory victim^ &c] Pentheus, king of Thebes, having denied the 
 divinity of Bacchus, and given orders that he should be treated as a crimi- 
 nal, the god inspired all the women of the land with raving madness, and 
 the king's own mother, Agave, the daughter of Cadmus, headed the 
 Bacchanals who tore him to pieces. 
 
TIBULLUS. 157 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 POEM I. 1 
 A PANEGYRIC. TO MESSALA. 
 
 I will sing of thee, Messala. Though thy known worth 
 makes me fear that my feeble powers may be unequal to the 
 task, yet I will begin. But if my song fails to express the 
 praise due to thee, though I be a humble recorder of such 
 great deeds as thine, and no one by thyself can so commit thy 
 exploits to writing but that still greater things shall remain 
 to tell, it is enough for me to have had the will. Nor do thou 
 scorn my humble offering. Even the Cretan 2 offered accept- 
 able gifts to Phoebus ; and Icarus 3 was the most pleasing of all 
 hosts to Bacchus, as the constellations of Erigone and the Dog 
 testify in the clear sky, beyond denial by any future age. 
 Moreover Alcides, who was to ascend Olympus as a god, set 
 his glad feet within the house of Molorchus. 4 Often have the 
 celestials been propitiated with a little salt, nor are bulls with 
 gilded horns always sacrificed to them. Let this little work 
 too be accepted by thee, that I may have courage thence to 
 compose many another copy of verses in thy praise. Be it 
 another's task to tell of the wondrous work of the great uni- 
 verse ; how the earth hath taken its place beneath the im- 
 
 1 Poem J.] A laboured, clumsy, dull production, such as could not 
 have been written by Tibullus. Some editors apologize for it upon the 
 assumption that it was a juvenile effort ; but that cannot be admitted, since 
 it is certain that it cannot be referred to an earlier date than that of the 
 first Elegy of the first book, which is perhaps the most beautiful in the 
 whole collection. 
 
 2 The Cretan.} The legend to which this refers is not known. 
 
 3 Icarus.~\ A king of Laconia. Bacchus taught him the art of making 
 wine, a favour for which he paid dearly; for some peasants whom he 
 treated with the strange liquor thought they were poisoned, and mur- 
 dered him. His daughter Erigone hanged herself for grief. Bacchus 
 changed the father and daughter and their bitch Mera into constella- 
 tions. 
 
 * Molorchus.'] A shepherd of Cleonia, who gave hospitality to Hercules. 
 The hero rewarded him by killing the Nemaean lion, the ravager of the 
 shepherd's flock. 
 
158 TIBULLUS. 
 
 mense atmosphere ; how the ocean hath gathered itself into 
 a globular form ; how the unstable air where it strives to 
 rise from the earth, is everywhere mingled with the fiery 
 ether, and how the whole is enclosed above by the pendent 
 sky. But whatever my Muses may avail to do, whether they 
 can match thy glory, or, surpass it, which I have no hope of, 
 or fall short, and they will certainly fall short of it, I will de- 
 dicate all this song to thee, that my poem may not want the 
 dignity of thy great name. 
 
 Though thou hast inherited the abundant renown of thy 
 ancient race, thy glory was not content with ancestral fame ; 
 nor dost thou inquire only what the inscription states beneath 
 each bust, but thou strivest to surpass the old honour of thy 
 line, and to shed more lustre on thy ancestors than they on 
 thee. But not the inscription alone beneath thy image, shall 
 contain thy deeds, but great volumes shall be filled for thee 
 with immortal verse ; and writers will spring up on all sides to 
 celebrate thee in verse and prose. There will be a contest 
 among them, who best praises thee. May I be victor among 
 them, that I may inscribe my name upon such great acts. 
 
 For who does greater things than thou dost, in camps and in 
 the forum ? Thy merit is neither greater nor less in the one 
 or the other ; as when a just balance is pressed down by 
 equal weights in both scales, and neither falls nor rises ; 
 whereas if the weights in either scale be unequal ; it fluctu- 
 ates alternately up and down. If the inconstant, discordant 
 populace is in commotion, no other can appease them like 
 thee ; or if the anger of the judge is to be assuaged, no orator 
 can soften him more. Pylos or Ithaca had not such a man 
 in Nestor, or Ulysses, that great glory of a small state, though' 
 the former lived until Titan in his orbit had completed three 
 centuries with prosperous hours ; and the latter had daringly 
 roamed through unknown cities where the earth is enclosed 
 by the farthest waters of the sea. For he defeated the Cicones 
 in arms, nor could the lotus stop him from his course. The 
 Neptunian dweller among the crags of JEtna was vanquished 
 by him, and, drunk with Thracian wine, was deprived of sight. 
 He carried the winds of ^Eolus with him over the smooth sea, 
 and visited the savage Lestrigonians, and Antiphates, through 
 whose territory flows the cold stream of the noble Artacia. 
 Him alone the magic beverage of the learned Circe did not 
 
TIBULLUS. 159 
 
 transform, although she. was the child of the Sun, and skilled 
 in changing old forms by herbs or incantations. He arrived 
 too at the cities of the Cimmerians on which day never rose, 
 whether Phoebus was on that part of his course above the 
 earth or on that below it. He saw how the great progeny of 
 gods, made subjects of Pluto's realm below, went about among 
 the light shades. He passed swiftly the shores of the Syrens 
 in his ship. Swimming between two confines of death, he was 
 not affrighted by the ravening mouths of Scylla, when the 
 monster writhed with her dogs amidst the mad waves ; nor 
 did violent Charybdis swallow him as was her wont, whether 
 she rose aloft from the depths of the waves, or with yawning 
 gulf laid bare the bottom of the sea. Nor let the slaughtered 
 herds of the journeying Sun be passed in silence, nor the love 
 of Calypso the daughter of Atlas, and her fruitful fields, nor 
 the Phceacian lands, the end of his weary wanderings. But 
 whether these things are facts known to our earth, or whether 
 fable has given them a new world, his may have been the 
 gTeater toil, but thine is the greater eloquence. 
 
 No one is more expert than thyself in the arts of war ; 
 how to encircle the camp with a safe ditch ; how to plant 
 palisades against the approach of the enemy ; what spot is 
 most fit to enclose with intrenchments ; how the earth throws 
 out springs of fresh water ; how the approach may be made 
 easy for thy own men, and difficult for the enemy, and how 
 the soldier may be kept in vigour by continual rivalry for 
 praise ; who best casts the heavy javelin or the light arrow, 
 or bursts through impediments with the stiff pike ; who can 
 restrain the swift steed with a tight rein, or throw the reins 
 loose to the slow one, and urge the animal straight forward, 
 or compel it to wheel round in a narrow circle ; who excels 
 with the shield, in guarding right or left, whether the shock 
 of the spear come this way or that ; or in hitting the mark 
 with the sling. When comes the strife of bold Mars, and the 
 adverse lines prepare to meet, then thy promptitude is seen in 
 forming the order of battle, whether it is requisite that the 
 forces should be drawn up in a square with a long 'and even 
 front, or in two wings, so that the right should attack the 
 enemy's left, the left his right, and that the two should achieve 
 a double victory. Nor does my song praise at random ; for 
 I state things proved in war : witness for me the brave soldier 
 
160 TIBULLUS. 
 
 of the vanquished Iapydia ; witness, the crafty Pannonian, 
 everywhere driven back into the cold Alps ; and witness that 
 poor Arupinian, a soldier born, to see whom, so unbroken by 
 age, might make one wonder less at Pylian Nestor's reputed 
 three centuries. For though the old man may have seen 
 Titan bring back a hundred fruitful years, yet he will spring 
 boldly on a swift courser's back, and govern him with the 
 reins. Under thy command the horse-taming nation, that 
 never turned their backs before, bent their free necks to the 
 Roman chain. 
 
 Nor shalt thou be content with these things ; for greater 
 are at hand, as I have ascertained by veracious auguries such 
 as Melampus son of Amythaon 1 could not surpass. Thou 
 hadst just put on a garment shining with Tyrian woof at the 
 dawn of the day that led in the fertile years ; when the Sun 
 rose brighter out of the waves, and the discordant winds held 
 their rude breath, nor did the sinuous streams run; their ac- 
 customed course ; even the stormy sea was calm, no bird 
 swept through the air, no rough quadruped depastured the 
 dense woods, when deep silence was afforded for the hearing 
 of thy wishes. Jupiter himself came in his light chariot 
 through the empty air, left the heaven -touching top of Olym- 
 pus, lent an attentive ear to thy prayers, and assented to 
 them all with his infallible nod. The fire applied to the altar 
 shone out joyously above the heaped brands. Begin then 
 with divine encouragement to do great deeds ; be thy triumphs 
 unlike those of others. Neighbouring Gaul will not be able 
 to withstand thee in war, nor the bold warriors of broad Spain; 
 nor the wild land possessed by the Tyrian colonists, nor those 
 through which flows the Nile, or the royal water of Choaspes, 2 
 or when the rapid Gyndes wears away the Arectaean plains 
 with its many mouths, monuments of the infatuation of Cyrus, 3 
 nor the realms to which Tomyris gave the Araxes for bound- 
 
 1 Melampus. ] A great soothsayer, extolled in the Odyssey. 
 
 2 Choaspes.] A river of Media, a confluent of the Tigris. The Per- 
 sian kings drank no other water, and were provided with a supply of it 
 wherever they went. 
 
 3 The infatuation of Cyrus.] When about to attack Babylon, Cyrus 
 drew off the waters of the river Gyndes through three hundred and sixty 
 new-made channels, and spent so much time on the work, that the Baby- 
 lonians were enabled to collect large forces against him. 
 
TIBULLUS. 161 
 
 ary ; l nor the remotest land where the Padaeans, nearest of 
 men to the rising sun, hold their inhuman banquets; 2 nor 
 the Getre, whose country is watered by the Hebrus, the Tanai's, 
 and the Mosynos. Why dwell on details ? Far as Oceanus 
 bounds the habitable globe with his waters, there is no region 
 which will stand against thee in arms. The Briton, yet un- 
 conquered by Roman warfare, awaits thee, and the other part 
 of the world beyond the course of the sun. For the earth is 
 seated in the midst of the ambient air, and its whole orb is 
 divided into five parts ; and two of these are always made 
 waste by icy cold. There the ground is always covered with 
 thick mist, and the flowing wave is arrested in its course by 
 frost, and stiffens into dense ice and snow; for Titan has 
 never carried his beams above those regions. But the middle 
 region is always exposed to the heat of Phoebus, whether he 
 approaches nearer the earth in his summer orbit, or hurries 
 swiftly through the short days of winter. There therefore 
 the earth is not thrown up by the ploughshare, nor does it 
 yield corn-crops or fodder. Neither Bacchus nor Ceres blesses 
 the fields, nor do animals inhabit the scorched region. Be- 
 tween it and the cold regions are placed the two fertile zones, 
 our own and that which is opposite to it. Both these are 
 tempered alike by the climate that adjoins them on either 
 hand, in such wise that the one climate counteracts the other. 
 Hence the year revolves for us through mild seasons ; hence 
 the bull has learned to submit his neck to the yoke, and the 
 flexible vine to ascend the lofty branches of the elm; the 
 annual crop yields mature harvests, the earth is cleft with 
 steel, the sea with the keel, and towns arise with walls of 
 masonry. So when thy deeds shall have marched through 
 new triumphs, thou alone wilt be declared the greatest in the 
 two worlds. 
 
 I am not adequate to the heralding of such glory, not 
 though Phoebus himself should dictate to me the strains I 
 should sing. Thou hast Valgius, who may gird himself up 
 for this great effort ; no one comes nearer than he to immortal 
 Homer. I too will not be idle, but will devote my labour to 
 
 1 The Araxes for botindary .~\ Tomyris, queen of the Scythians, de- 
 feated Cyrus on the Araxes. 
 
 2 Inhuman banquets.] Herodotus (Thalia) mentions the Padaei as a 
 cannibal people of India, who ate their sick relations. 
 
 M 
 
162 
 
 TIBULLUS. 
 
 thy praises, though Fortune, adverse to me, impairs my powers, 
 as is her wont. For whereas of old my house shone with 
 great wealth, I had yellow crops to enrich granaries that were 
 too small for my exuberant harvests, and vast flocks and herds 
 feeding on the hills, plenty for their master, and too much for 
 thieves and wolves ; now regret remains ; for my grief is re- 
 newed as often as sad memory recalls the years that are past. 
 But though worse befall, and I am despoiled of what is left, 
 my Muses will not fail to celebrate thee. Nor shall Pierian 
 honours alone be paid to thee ; for thee I would dare to go 
 through the wild waves, though the wintry billows swell be- 
 neath the winds ; for thee I would stand alone in the thick of 
 battle, or cast my small body into the flames of ./Etna. All I 
 am is thine ; if then thou hast a little regard for me ; be it as 
 much or as little as thou wilt, if it be but at all ; the Lydian 
 reahn or the fame of Gylippus * were not more precious to 
 me, nor would I choose in preference the ability to write 
 books like Homer's. But if this poem of mine, the whole or 
 a part of it, be either well approved or slightly skimmed by 
 thee, no Fates shall put an end to my poetic laudations of 
 thee. Even when the tomb shall have covered my bones ; 
 whether my death is near at hand, or a long life remains for 
 me ; should I be transformed, and range the solid plains as a 
 horse, or become a bull, the glory of the slow herd, or as a 
 bird be wafted with wings through the liquid air, whatever 
 human form I may assume again after a long lapse of time, 
 I will add new poems in thy praise to those I have begun. 
 
 POEM II. 
 IN PRAISE OF SULPICIA. 
 
 Sulpicia is adorned on thy calends, great Mars ; come thy- 
 self from heaven to behold her if thou art wise. Venus will 
 pardon this ; but thou, truculent god, beware, lest, struck with 
 admiration, thou let thy arms fall ignobly. When Love wants 
 to fire gods, he lights two torches at her eyes. Whatever she 
 does, wherever she goes, Grace attends her unseen, and ar- 
 ranges her attire. If she unbinds her hair, loose locks be- 
 
 1 Gylippus.] Commander of the Lacedaemonians, who defeated the 
 Athenians in the Syracusan war. 
 
TIBULLUS. 163 
 
 come her ; if she braids it, she is adorable in braided hair. 
 She inflames all hearts if she walks abroad in a purple robe ; 
 she inflames them if she is clad in pure white. So they say 
 blessed Vertuinnus wears a thousand dresses in eternal Olym- 
 pus, and wears a thousand becomingly. She alone among 
 girls is worthy of robes twice dipped in the precious dye of 
 Tyre, and to possess all the odorous produce gathered by the 
 wealthy Arab husbandman in his fragrant fields, and all the 
 gems which the black Indian, nearest neighbour of the East- 
 ern waves, collects on the red shore. Sound her praise, ye 
 Muses, on the festive calends, and thou, proud Phoebus, on 
 the vocal shell. May she enjoy this solemn rite for many 
 years. No girl is worthier of your choir. 
 
 POEM III. 
 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 Spare my dear youth, boar that rangest the good pastures 
 of the plain, or the intricacies of the shady mountain ; be it 
 of no avail for thee to have whetted thy hard teeth for fight, 
 but may Love preserve him safe for me. But Diana and the 
 chase drive all thoughts of me from his mind. Oh perish the 
 forests and the hounds ! What infatuation to wish to hurt 
 your soft hands in enclosing thick-wooded hills with toils ! 
 What pleasure is it to creep stealthily into the lairs of wild 
 beasts, and scar your white legs with hooked brambles ? Yet 
 that I might roam with you, Cerinthus, I myself would carry 
 the twisted nets through the mountains. I myself would 
 track the steps of the swift stag, and loose the iron chains 
 from the hound. Then, then would the forests please me, 
 though I be convicted of lying down with you, light of my 
 eyes, before the very toils. Then let the boar come to them ; 
 he shall escape unhurt, rather than he shall disturb the joys of 
 eager Venus. Now let there be no Venus without me ; but, 
 obedient to Diana's law, spread the nets, chaste youth, with 
 chaste hands. And whosoever shall surreptitiously trespass 
 upon my delight, may she fall into the grasp of wild beasts 
 and be torn to pieces. But you, Cerinthus, leave the chase 
 to your father, and come back quickly to my bosom. 
 
 m 2 
 
164 TIBULLUS. 
 
 POEM IV. 
 TO PHOEBUS. 
 
 Come hither and dispel the sickness of my tender mistress, 
 come hither, superb Phoebus of the unshorn locks ! Hasten, 
 Phoebus, and believe me thou wilt not be sorry to have ap- 
 plied thy healing hands to the beautiful girl. Suffer not pale 
 emaciation to settle upon her limbs, nor a sickly hue to 
 blemish her fair body ; and let the running waters of the river 
 sweep all her malady and all our sad fears into the sea. Come, 
 god, and bring with thee all the medicinal juices and all the 
 chants that relieve bodily suffering. Torture not a youth, who 
 fears the death of his mistress, and makes innumerable vows 
 for her recovery. At times he vows, at times he utters angry 
 words against the immortal gods, because she lies ill. Lay 
 aside your fears, Cerinthus; no god does hurt to lovers. 
 Only love always, and your girl's safety is insured to you. 
 There is no need to weep ; it will be a fitter time to use tears 
 if ever she becomes a little unkind to you. But now she is 
 wholly yours ; the fair girl thinks of you alone, and the cre- 
 dulous crowd of suitors beset her doors in vain. Be favour- 
 able, Phoebus ; it will be a great renown for thee, in saving 
 one to have restored two. Thou wilt be celebrated, thou wilt 
 be joyful, when both shall joyfully vie in paying their vows 
 on thy holy altar. Then the blessed assembly of the gods 
 will pronounce thee happy, and each will covet the possession 
 of thy arts. 
 
 POEM V. 
 SULPICIA TO CEKINTHUS. 
 
 This day which gave you birth, Cerinthus, is sacred for 
 me, and always to be reckoned among festal days. At your 
 birth the Fates foretold new servitude for girls, and bestowed 
 proud sovereignty on you. I beyond all others am inflamed ; 
 and pleased am I, Cerinthus, to be inflamed, if you burn with 
 a mutual flame for me. Be it so, I entreat you, by our sweet 
 secret blisses, by your eyes, and by your Genius ! Divine 
 Genius, take graciously the gifts I offer, and favour my vows, 
 if only he glows when he thinks of me. But if haply he now 
 
TIBULLUS. 165 
 
 sighs for other loves, then, I beseech thee, quit his faithless 
 hearth. Nor be thou unjust, Venus ; either let both serve thee, 
 bound alike, or take off my bonds. But rather let us both be 
 held in a strong chain, which no day to come shall be able to 
 break. The youth wishes the same things as I, but wishes 
 them more covertly ; for he is ashamed to speak these words 
 openly. But thou, natal god, since thou knowest all, as- 
 sent ; "what matters it whether he ask in secret or openly ? 
 
 POEM VI. 
 TO JUNO. 
 
 Take, Natal Juno, the sacred tribute of incense which an 
 accomplished girl presents with her tender hand. To-day is 
 wholly thine ; to-day she has with a heart full of gladness 
 adorned herself, that she might stand before thy altar worthy 
 to be seen. She ascribes indeed the cause of her adornment 
 to the goddess, yet there is one whom in secret she wishes to 
 please. But grant thy favour, divine Juno, and let nothing 
 part the lovers; but prepare mutual bonds, I implore thee, 
 for the youth. Thus wilt thou well unite them. He can- 
 not more worthily serve any girl, nor she any man. Let 
 not the watchful guard be able to detect the longing pair, but 
 let Love supply a thousand ways of eluding them. Give 
 thy assent ; come resplendent in thy purple robe ; thrice, 
 chaste goddess, libation is made to thee of wine. The care- 
 ful mother prescribes her own wishes to the daughter, but she 
 in her secret heart prays for another thing. She burns like 
 the swift flames on the altar, nor would she, though she could, 
 be cured. Let her be dear to the youth, and when the next 
 year is come, let this love, then mutual and old, assist at her 
 vows. 
 
 POEM VII. 
 
 SCLPICIA TO VENUS. 
 
 The love is come at last, which I glory less in modestly 
 concealing, than in openly confessing. Moved by the sup- 
 plications of my Muse, Cytherea has brought it, and laid it in 
 my bosom. Venus fulfils her promises ; let any one tattle of 
 my joys who is known not to have had the favours of his own 
 
166 TIBULLUS. 
 
 mistress. I will not commit anything to a sealed letter, that 
 none may read me before my own lover ; but I rejoice to have 
 sinned ; I loathe to shape my face in deference to public 
 opinion ; let it be told of me that I have been with one who 
 was worthy of me, and I of him. 
 
 POEM VIII. 
 
 SULPTCIA TO MESS ALA. 
 
 The unwelcome natal day is come, which must be sadly 
 spent in the odious country and without Cerinthus. What is 
 sweeter than the city ? Is a villa a fit place for a girl ? And 
 the cold Arnus in the Aretine district ? Now stay here, 
 Messala, who indeed are too importunately anxious about me, 
 and too often ready to take me on an unseasonable journey. 
 Carried hence, I leave my soul and my senses behind me, 
 since you will not let me exercise my own will. 
 
 POEM IX. 
 
 SULPICTA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 Do you know that your girl has put all thoughts of the un- 
 welcome journey out of her mind ? We may now remain in 
 Rome on her birthday. Let that day be passed by us all as a 
 birthday, which now comes to you perhaps unexpectedly. 
 
 X. EPISTLE. 
 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 I am glad that you very securely promise yourself that I 
 will not in foolish infatuation suddenly fall. If you like the 
 harlot with her toga and her basket better than Sulpicia the 
 daughter of Servius ; others care for me and regard her with 
 anger ; nor will I, who am an object of the greatest interest 
 to many, patiently bear to have a low wench preferred to me. 
 
 XI. EPISTLE. 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 Do you feel an affectionate concern, Cerinthus, for your 
 girl, whose weary frame is now racked by fever ? Ah, I can- 
 
TIBULLUS. 167 
 
 not wish to overcome this painful illness, unless I think that 
 you wish it top. For what were I the better for recovering 
 from illness, if you can bear my sufferings with easy mind ? 
 
 XII. EPISTLE. 
 SULPICIA TO CEKINTHUS. 
 
 Light of my eyes, let me no longer be so fervently loved 
 by you as I think I was some days ago, if ever I committed 
 a fault in all my foolish youth of which I confess myself more 
 penitent, than that I left you alone last night, wishing to dis- 
 semble the ardour of my passion. 
 
 XIII. ELEGY. 
 TIBULLUS TO HIS MISTRESS. 
 
 No woman shall steal me from your bed ; our compact of 
 love was made from the first on this condition. You alone 
 charm me, and no girl but you in the whole city is lovely in 
 my eyes. And I would that you might seem lovely to me 
 alone. Be without charms for others ! so shall I be safe. I 
 want not to be envied ; away with vulgar notoriety; let him 
 who is wise rejoice in his own silent heart. So may I be 
 able to live happily in the sequestered woods, where there is 
 no path trodden by human foot. You are rest to my cares ; 
 you are my light even in the black night ; you are for me a 
 numerous company in lonely places. Were a mistress sent 
 down this moment from heaven to Tibullus, she would be 
 sent in vain, and would move no desire. 1 This I swear to 
 
 1 Were a mistress, &c] Thus smartly imitated by Croxall : 
 Were I invited to a nectar feast 
 In heaven, and Venus named me for her guest ; 
 Though Mercury the messenger should prove, 
 Or her own son, the mighty god of love ; 
 At the same instant let but honest Tom 
 From Sylvia's dear terrestrial lodging come, 
 With look important say, " Desires — at three, 
 Alone — your company — to drink some tea ;" 
 Though Tom were mortal, Mercury divine, 
 Though Sylvia gave me water, Venus wine, 
 Though heaven was here, and Bow Street lay as far 
 As the vast distance of the utmost star ; 
 To Sylvia's arms with all my strength I'd fly : 
 Let who would meet the Beauty of the sky. 
 
168 TIBULLUS. 
 
 you by the divinity of your Juno, whom alone I revere before 
 the other gods. Fool that I am ! what have I done ? I have 
 given up my securities. How stupid I was to swear ! that 
 fear on your part made me safe. Now you will be bold, now 
 you will torture me more daringly. This is the unfortunate 
 result of letting my tongue run on too fast. I will now do 
 whatever you please ; I will remain yours for ever, nor seek 
 to escape from the service of my acknowledged mistress ; but 
 I will sit down in bonds before the altar of blessed Venus ; 
 she lashes the unjust, and favours suppliants. 
 
 XIV. EPIGRAM. 
 
 Rumour says that my girl often wrongs me ; now would I 
 that my ears were deaf. These charges are not made without 
 pain to me. Why dost thou torture me, importunate Ru- 
 mour ? Be silent. 
 
 XV. EPIGRAM BY DOMITIUS MARSUS, 
 ON THE DEATH OF TIBULLUS. 
 
 Thee too, Tibullus, an untimely death has sent young to 
 the Elysian fields, as a companion to Virgil, that there should 
 be none to breathe the tenderness of love in plaintive elegies, 
 or to sing of royal wars in heroic measure. 
 
THE POEMS 
 
 VALERIUS CATULLUS, 
 
 I. DEDICATION OF HIS POEMS, 
 TO CORNELIUS NEPOS. 
 
 My little volume is complete, 
 With all the care and polish neat 
 
 That makes it fair to see : 
 To whom shall I then, to whose praise, 
 Inscribe my lively, graceful lays ? 
 
 Cornelius, friend, to thee. 
 
 Thou only of th' Italian race 
 
 Hast dared in three small books to trace 
 
 All time's remotest flight : 
 O Jove, how labour'd, learn'd, and wise ! 
 Yet still thou ne'er wouldst quite despise 
 
 The trifles that I write. 
 
 Then take the book I now address, 
 Though small its size, its merit less, 
 
 'Tis all thy friend can give ; 
 And let me, guardian Muse, implore 
 That when at least one age is o'er, 
 
 This volume yet may live. Lamb. 
 
170 CATULLUS. 
 
 II. TO LESBIA'S SPARROW. 
 
 Sparrow ! my nymph's delicious pleasure ! 
 
 Who with thee, her pretty treasure, 
 
 Fanciful in frolic, plays 
 
 Thousand, thousand wanton ways ; 
 
 And, fluttering, lays to panting rest 
 
 On the soft orbings of her breast ; 
 
 Thy beak with finger-tip incites, 
 
 And dallies with thy becks and bites ; 
 
 When my beauty, my desire, 
 
 Feels her darling whim inspire, 
 
 With nameless triflings, such as these, 
 
 To snatch, I trow, a tiny ease 
 
 For some keen fever of the breast, 
 
 While passion toys itself to rest ; 
 
 I would that happy lady be, 
 
 And so in pastime sport with thee, 
 
 And lighten love's soft agony. 
 
 The sweet resource were bliss untold, 
 
 Dear as that apple of ripe gold, 
 
 Which, by the nimble virgin found, 
 
 Unloos'd the zone that had so fast been bound. 
 
 Elton. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Dear sparrow, long my fair's delight, 
 
 Which in her breast to lay, 
 To give her finger to whose bite, 
 Whose puny anger to excite, 
 
 She oft is wont in play. 
 For thus, when we are forced to part, 
 
 Her thoughts she from me steals ; 
 Thus solaces by sportive art 
 The soft regret, the fretful smart, 
 
 I fondly hope she feels. 
 
 Then may not I in absence play, 
 
 As she has play'd with thee ; 
 Nor thou, who couldst her grief allay, 
 Assuage my pangs when she's away, 
 
 And brinir relief to me. 
 
CATULLUS. 171 
 
 Thou wilt be welcome, as 't is known 
 
 Was to the nimble maid 
 The golden fruit that loosed the zone, 
 Her virgin guard, and bade her own 
 
 A lover's warmth repaid. Lamb. 
 
 III. ON THE DEATH OF LESBIA'S SPARROW. 
 
 Mourn, all ye loves and graces ; mourn, 
 
 Ye wits, ye gallant, and ye gay ; 
 Death from my fair her bird has torn, 
 
 Her much-loved sparrow 's snatch'd away. 
 
 Her very eyes she prized not so, 
 
 For he was fond, and knew my fair 
 Well as young girls their mothers know, 
 
 Flew to her breast and nestled there. 
 
 When fluttering round from place to place, 
 
 He gaily chirp'd to her alone ; 
 He now that gloomy path must trace, 
 
 Whence Fate permits return to none. 
 
 Accursed shades o'er hell that lower, 
 
 Oh be my curses on you heard ! 
 Ye, that all pretty things devour, 
 
 Have torn from me my pretty bird. 
 
 Oh evil deed ! oh sparrow dead ! 
 
 Oh what a wretch, if thou canst see 
 My fair one's eyes with weeping red, 
 
 And know how much she grieves for thee ! 1 Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Each Love, each Venus, mourn with me ! 
 
 Mourn, every son of gallantry ! 
 
 The sparrow, my own nymph's delight, 
 
 The joy and apple of her sight ; 
 
 The honey-bird, the darling, dies, 
 
 To Lesbia dearer than her eyes. 
 
 As the fair one knew her mother, 
 
 So he knew her from another. 
 
 1 The preposterous phrase, " Oh what a wretch," is most unlike the 
 original, " miselle passer ! " 
 
172 CATULLUS. 
 
 With his gentle lady wrestling ; 
 
 In her snowy bosom nestling ; 
 
 With a flutter, and a bound, 
 
 Quiv'ring round her and around ; 
 
 Chirping, twitt'ring, ever near, 
 
 Notes meant only for her ear. 
 
 Now he skims the shadowy way, 
 
 Whence none return to cheerful day. 
 
 Beshrew the shades ! that thus devour 
 
 All that's pretty in an hour. 
 
 The pretty sparrow thus is dead ; 
 
 The tiny fugitive is fled. 
 
 Deed of spite ! poor bird ! — ah ! see, 
 
 For thy dear sake, alas ! for me ! — 
 
 My nymph with brimful eyes appears 
 
 Red from the flushing of her tears. Elton. 
 
 IV. DEDICATION OF A PINNACE, 
 TO CASTOR AND POLLUX. 
 
 That pinnace, friends, can boast that erst 
 
 'Twas swiftest of its kind ; 
 Nor swam the bark whose fleetest burst 
 
 It could not leave behind ; 
 Whether the toiling rower's force, 
 Or swelling sail, impell'd its course. 
 
 This boast, it dares the shores that bound 
 
 The Adrian's stormy space, 
 The Cyclad islands sea-girt round, 
 
 Bright Rhodes or rugged Thrace, 
 The wide Propontis to gainsay, 
 Or still tempestuous Pontic bay. 
 
 There, ere it swam 'mid fleetest prows, 
 
 A grove of spreading trees 
 On high Cytorus' hill, its boughs 
 
 Oft whisper'd in the breeze. 
 Amastris, pride of Pontic floods, 
 Cytorus, green with boxen woods, 
 
CATULLUS. 173 
 
 Ye knew it then, and all its race, 
 
 And know the pinnace too, 
 Which, from its earliest rise, to grace 
 
 Thy lofty summit grew ; 
 And in the waves that wash thy shores 
 Which moisten'd first its sturdy oars. 
 
 Thence many vainly-raging seas 
 
 It bore its master through ; 
 Whether from right or left the breeze 
 
 Upon the canvass blew ; 
 Or prosperous to its course the gale 
 Spread full and square the straining sail. 
 
 No vows to Ocean's gods it gave, 
 
 For then no storm could shake ; 
 When erst from that remotest wave 
 
 It sought this limpid lake : 
 But, ah ! those days are fled at length, 
 And fled with them are speed and strength. 
 
 Now old, worn out, and lost to fame, 
 
 In rest that's justly due, 
 It dedicates this shatter'd frame, 
 
 Ye glorious Twins, to you — 
 To you, whose often cheering ray 
 Beam'd light and safety on its way. Lamb. 
 
 V. TO LESBIA. 
 
 Love, my Lesbia, while we live ; 
 
 Value all the cross advice 
 That the surly greybeards give 
 
 At a single farthing's price. 
 
 Suns that set again may rise ; 
 
 We, when once our fleeting light, 
 Once our day in darkness dies, 
 
 Sleep in one eternal night. 
 
 Give me kisses thousand-fold, 
 
 Add to them a hundred more ; 
 Other thousands still be told 
 
 Other hundreds o'er and o'er. 
 
174 CATULLUS. 
 
 But, with thousands when we burn, 
 
 Mix, confuse the sums at last, 
 That we may not blushing learn 
 
 All that have between us past. 
 
 None shall know to what amount 
 
 Envy's due for so much bliss ; 
 None — for none shall ever count 
 
 All the kisses we will kiss. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Let us, my Lesbia ! live and love ; 
 Though the old should disapprove : 
 Let us rate their saws severe 
 At the worth of a denier. 
 
 Suns can set beneath the main, 
 And lift their faded orbs again : 
 But we, when sets our scanted light, 
 Must slumber in perpetual night. 
 
 Give me, then, a thousand kisses 
 Add a hundred billing blisses : 
 Give me a thousand kisses more ; 
 Then repeat the hundred o'er : 
 Give me other thousand kisses 
 Give me other hundred blisses ; 
 And when thousands now are done, 
 Let us confuse them every one : 
 That we the number cannot know ; 
 And none that saw us kissing so, 
 Might glut his envious busy spleen, 
 By counting o'er the kisses that had been. Elton 
 
 VI. TO FLAVIUS. 
 
 Ah, Flavius, you would gladly tell 
 Catullus, whom you love so wajl, 
 
 What girl your favourite reigns : 
 Nor could your restless tongue forbear 
 To speak her name ; unless you wear 
 
 Some jade's disgraceful chains. 
 
CATULLUS. 175 
 
 And now yen love, I fain must guess, 
 Some shameless wanton's coarse caress, 
 
 Whom you would blush to own : 
 For, vainly mute, your couch that smells 
 Of flowers and Syrian essence, tells 
 
 You never lie alone. 
 
 Your fragrant room, disorder'd bed, 
 And, ah ! 'bove all, your drooping head, 
 
 Your thin and languid frame, 
 The fruits of love-sick loose excess, 
 Speak what your silence would suppress, 
 
 And all the truth proclaim. 
 
 Oh ! boldly then your flame declare, 
 Or false or true, or plain or fair, 
 
 The damsel that you prize : 
 My sprightly verse will lend a grace 
 To deck your worst amours, and place 
 
 With honour in the skies. Laiib. 
 
 TIL TO LESBIA. 
 
 Thy kisses dost thou bid me count, 
 And tell thee, Lesbia, what amount 
 My rage for love and thee could tire, 
 And satisfy and cloy desire ? 
 
 Many as grains of Libyan sand 
 
 Upon Cyrene's spicy land 
 
 From prescient Amnion's sultry dome 
 
 To sacred Battus' ancient tomb : 
 
 Many as stars that silent ken 
 
 At night the stolen loves of men. 
 
 Yes, when the kisses thou shalt kiss 
 
 Have reach'd a number vast as this, 
 
 Then may desire at length be stay'd, 
 
 And e'en my madness be allay'd : 
 
 Then when infinity defies 
 
 The calculations of the wise ; 
 
 2sor evil voice's deadly charm 
 
 Can work the unknown number harm. La3jb. 
 
176 CATULLUS. 
 
 PART OF THE SAME. 
 
 As many stellar eyes of light, 
 
 As through the silent waste of night, 
 
 Gazing upon the world of shade, 
 
 Witness some secret youth and maid, 
 
 Who fair as thou and fond as I, 
 
 In stolen joys enamour'd lie ! 
 
 So many kisses, ere I slumber, 
 
 Upon those dew-bright lips I'll number; 
 
 So many vermil, honied kisses, 
 
 Envy can never count our blisses : 
 
 No tongue shall tell the sum, but mine ; 
 
 No lips shall fascinate but thine ! Moore. 
 
 VIII. TO HIMSELF, 
 
 ON LESBIA'S INCONSTANCY. 
 
 Cease from this idle fooling trade — 
 Cease, wretch Catullus, all is o'er ; 
 
 And what thou seest has long decay 'd, 
 E'en think it lost for evermore. 
 
 Of old thy suns were bright and clear, 
 When thou, where'er her path has lain, 
 
 Wouldst chase the damsel, loved so dear 
 As none will e'er be loved again. 
 
 Then were the sports of amorous jest 
 Still urged by thee with new delight ; 
 
 While she scarce chid and not repress'd — 
 Oh then thy suns were truly bright ! 
 
 She now rejects thee — cast her off, 
 Nor weakly chase a flying fair ; 
 
 Nor grieving live to be her scoff, 
 But coldly steel thy mind to bear. 
 
 Damsel, farewell ! Catullus stern 
 
 Thy scorn disdains, thy love will shun ; 
 
 And soon thy pride to grief shall turn, 
 When left by him, and woo'd by none. 
 
CATULLUS. 177 
 
 Think, wanton, what remains for thee : 
 
 Who will pursue thy lonely way ? 
 Who in thy form will beauty see ? 
 
 Whose fervent love shalt thou repay ? 
 
 Whose fondling care shalt thou avow? 
 
 Whose kisses now shalt thou return ? 
 Whose lip in rapture bite ? — But thou — 
 
 Hold ! hold ! Catullus, cold and stern. Lamb, 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Cease the sighing fool to play ; 
 
 Cease to trifle life away ; 
 
 Nor vainly think those joys thine own, 
 
 Which all, alas, have falsely flown. 
 
 What hours, Catullus, once were thine, 
 
 How fairly seem'd thy day to shine, 
 
 When lightly thou didst fly to meet 
 
 The girl whose smile was then so sweet — 
 
 The girl thou lov'dst with fonder pain 
 
 Than e'er thy heart can feel again. 
 
 Ye met — your souls seem'd all in one, 
 Like tapers that commingling shone ; 
 Thy heart was warm enough for both, 
 And hers in truth was nothing loth. 
 
 Such were the hours that once were thine 
 But, ah ! those hours no longer shine. 
 For now the nymph delights no more 
 In what she loved so much before ; 
 And all Catullus now can do, 
 Is to be proud and frigid too ; 
 Nor follow where the wanton flies, 
 Nor sue the bliss that she denies. 
 False maid ! he bids farewell to thee, 
 To love, and all love's misery ; 
 The hey-day of his heart is o'er, 
 Nor will he court one favour more. 
 
 Fly, perjured girl! — but whither fly? 
 Who now will praise thy cheek and eye ? 
 
178 CATULLUS. 
 
 Who now will drink the syren tone, 
 
 Which tells him thou art all his own ? 
 
 Oh, none : — and he who loved before 
 
 Can never, never love thee more. Moore. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Catullus ! give thy follies o'er : 
 
 Ah ! wretch ! what's lost expect no more: 
 
 Thy suns shone bright, when to and fro 
 
 Thou, at her beck, didst come and go : 
 
 The nymph who once thy passion proved 
 
 As never nymph shall e'er be loved. 
 
 What frolic joys would then enchant, 
 
 When thou wouldst ask and she would grant ! 
 
 Then clear and bright thy suns would shine : 
 
 And doth she now thy love decline ? 
 
 Then be alike refusal thine. 
 
 Follow not her, who flies from thee ; 
 
 Nor wretched in despondence be. 
 
 But scorn the weakness that can feel, 
 
 And bear thy grief with breast of steel. 
 
 Farewell, O girl ! whom I adore ! 
 
 Catullus now laments no more : 
 
 Firm he persists : he will not woo, 
 
 Nor for unwilling favours sue. 
 
 Yet wilt thou grieve, when ask'd by none, 
 
 Think, cruel ! how thy days will run ! 
 
 Who to thy side shall now repair ? 
 
 In whose fond eyes shalt thou be fair ? 
 
 Whom wilt thou for thy lover choose ? 
 
 Whose shall they call thee ? false one ! whose ? 
 
 Who shall thy darted kisses sip, 
 
 While thy keen love-bites scar his lip ? 
 
 But thou, Catullus ! scorn to feel : 
 
 Persist — and let thy heart be steel. Elton. 
 
CATULLUS. 179 
 
 IX. TO VERANNIUS, 
 ON fflS RETURN FROM SPAIN. 
 
 Of all the many loved by me, 
 Of all my friends most dear, 
 Verannius, is thy travel o'er, 
 And art thou home return'd once mere 
 To light thy brother's smile of glee, 
 Thy mother's age to cheer ? 
 
 Thou'rt come. Oh blissful, blessed news !— 
 Thou'rt come, and I again 
 
 Shall see and hear thee, in the way 
 I loved in former time, portray 
 The splendid towns, the mountain views, 
 The tribes, and deeds of Spain. 
 
 I warm shall press thee to my breast, 
 "Where fervent welcomes burn. 
 
 What mortal, though he dare to think 
 Of pleasure he may largely drink, 
 Is half so joyful, or so blest, 
 
 As I in his return ? Lamb. 
 
 X. THE INTERVIEW" WITH VARUS AND HIS MISTRESS. 
 
 As I was idling time away 
 Just by the Forum t' other day, 
 
 My Varus took me thence 
 To see the wanton, his delight ; 
 And, faith ! she struck me at first sight 
 
 To want nor charms nor sense. 
 
 We then fell into conversation 
 About Bithynia's situation, 
 
 The value of the land, 
 And what my profit there had been : 
 I mention'd truly all I'd seen, 
 
 And how things really stand. 
 
180 CATULLUS. 
 
 " That not the Pretor nor his train 
 Could there afford from any gain 
 
 More sumptuous dress or fare ; 
 And sure not we, that Pretor's slaves, 
 The worst of profligates and knaves, 
 
 Who prized us not a hair." 
 
 " Of course," she said, " as they relate 
 ? Tis usual, you some slaves for state 
 
 To bear your litter bought." 
 I felt a little pride arise ; 
 And was not willing in her eyes 
 
 To be a pauper thought. 
 
 So cried, " Oh, yes. Though luck was bad, 
 It was not on the whole so sad, 
 
 That I eight slaves should lack." 
 In truth, I never here nor there 
 Possess'd a single slave to bear 
 
 My litter on his back. 
 
 Said she, a harlot thorough-bred ! 
 " Catullus, lend me, pray, that bed, 
 
 I wish but to be taken 
 
 To where Serapis holds his fane " 
 
 " Stay ! stay !" said I, " let's think again — 
 
 I 've none — I was mistaken. 
 " 'Tis Cinna's bed, scarce his alone, 
 I use it just as 'twere my own : 
 
 Who's owner nought care I. 
 Thou'rt an uncivil, troublous jade, 
 Whose artful, mercenary trade 
 
 Won't let one tell a lie." Lamb. 
 
 XI. THE PARTING MESSAGE TO LESBIA. 
 ADDRESSED TO FUEIUS AND AUTtELIUS. 
 
 Companions, who would gladly go 
 With me through every toil below 
 
 To man's remotest seats : 
 Whether Catullus should explore 
 Far India, on whose echoing shore 
 
 The eastern billow beats : 
 
CATULLUS. 181 
 
 Whether he seek Hyrcania wild, 
 The Tartar hordes, or Arabs mild, 
 
 Or Parthia's archer train : 
 Or tread that intersected isle, 
 Whence pouring forth the sev'n-fold Nile 
 
 Discolours all the main. 
 
 Whether across the Alps he toil, 
 To view the war-ennobled soil 
 
 Where Caesar's trophies stand ; 
 The Rhine that saw its Gaul's disgrace, 
 Or dare the painted Briton race 
 
 In their extremest land. 
 
 Companions dear, prepared to wend 
 Where'er the gods may place your friend, 
 
 And every lot to share ; 
 A few unwelcome words receive, 
 And to that once-loved fair I leave 
 
 My latest message bear. 
 
 Still let her live and still be blest, 
 By profligates in hundreds prest, 
 
 Still sport in ease and wealth ; 
 Still of those hundreds love not one, 
 Still cast off each by turns undone 
 
 In fortune and in health. 
 
 But let her deem my passion o'er : 
 
 Her guilt has crush'd, to bloom no more, 
 
 The love her beauty raised ; 
 As droops the flower, the meadow's pride, 
 Which springing by the furrow's side 
 
 The passing share has grazed. Lamb. 
 
 PART OF THE SAME. 
 
 Comrades and friends, with whom where'er 
 The Fates have will'd through life I've roved, 
 
 Now speed ye home, and with you bear 
 These bitter words to her I've loved. 
 
182 CATULLUS. 
 
 Tell her from fool to fool to run, 
 Where'er her vain caprice may call ; 
 
 Of all her dupes, not loving one, 
 But ruining and maddening all. 
 
 Bid her forget' — what now is past — 
 Our once dear love, whose rain lies 
 
 Like a fair flower, the meadow's last, 
 
 That feels the ploughshare's edge, and dies. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 XII. TO ASINIUS, 
 ON BUS PRACTICAL JOKES. 
 
 Asinius, Marrucinian vile, 
 
 Think you, when wine gives life to jest, 
 'Tis wit to filch with left-hand wile 
 
 The napkin of the careless guest ? 
 
 Poor idiot, can you not perceive 
 
 How rude, how low the deed you do ? 
 
 But should you not my words believe, 
 Your brother, Pollio, says so too. 
 
 Pollio with hoards of gold would part 
 No more to see you thus disgraced ; 
 
 For that 's a youth of generous heart, 
 Of lively wit, and purest taste. 
 
 Expect a satire coarse and keen, 
 Or back to me your plunder send ; 
 
 'Tis not its value moves my spleen, 
 But it 's the keepsake of a friend. 
 
 A dearest friend from Spanish skies 
 Sent me the gift you stole so sly ; 
 
 And when the giver's love I prize, 
 
 I prize his smallest gift as high. Lamb. 
 
 XIII. INVITATION TO FABULLUS. 
 
 Fabullus, thou shalt be my guest 
 At supper soon, if Heaven's behest 
 No otherwise decree : 
 
CATULLUS. 183 
 
 The feast too must be rich and rare, 
 And since thou lov'st luxurious fare, 
 Bring such a feast with thee. 
 
 And bring the girl with breast of snow, 
 And wine and wit of ready flow, 
 
 And laughter's joyous peal ; 
 Bid but all these my board attend, 
 And then no doubt, my gallant friend, 
 
 We'll have a glorious meal. 
 
 For in my coffers spiders weave 
 Their webs in peace : so thou receive 
 
 For all thy kind expense 
 My lays, of love alone that sing, 
 Or aught, if aught thy friend can bring, 
 
 To please some finer sense. 
 
 And I can give thee essence rare 
 That Loves and Graces gave my fair : 
 
 So sweet its odour flows ; 
 Thou 'It pray the gods " may touch and taste 
 Be quite in smell alone effaced, 
 
 And I become all nose." Lamb. 
 
 XIV. TO CALVUS, AN ADVOCATE, 
 IN RETURN FOR A PRESENT OF POEMS. 
 
 Did I not dearer than my eyes 
 Your friendship, lively Calvus, prize, 
 With fiercer hate I should regard you, 
 Than e'en Vatinius feels toward you. 
 
 For what can I have ever done, 
 Or ever said in spite or fun, 
 That you my leisure hours should curse 
 With such a heap of wretched verse ? 
 Gods, on that client curses send, 
 Who gave these poems to my friend ! 
 Yet, if the gift so choice and pleasant 
 Was that poor pedant Sulla's present, 
 I'm glad, your legal toil to aid, 
 So vile a wretch is thus repaid. 
 
184 CATULLUS. 
 
 Great gods ! — I cannot calmly look 
 Upon the dreadful cursed book, 
 Which cruel Calvus yet could send 
 Catullus, whom he calls his friend. 
 I bore from morn till day was flying, 
 The torments of protracted dying ; 
 E'en while the Saturnalia gay 
 Rejoiced the year's most festive day. 
 
 But, wag, you shall not 'scape me so ; 
 With earliest sunrise will I go 
 Round every library and stall, 
 Collect Sufienus' works, and all 
 That e'er that crew of viler note, 
 The Cesii and Aquinii wrote ; 
 All foolish odes, and poisonous trash, 
 And dull bombast and balderdash ; 
 And send them, to repay to thee 
 The torments thou hast heap'd on me. 
 
 For you, ye scribblers, hence ! I spurn you ; 
 Again to that same place return ye 
 Whence ye began your cursed journey. 
 Avaunt, our age's worst disasters ! 
 Avaunt, ye wretched poetasters ! Lamb. 
 
 XV. TO AURELIUS. 
 
 Myself and my best loves to thee, 
 'Tis a small boon of modesty, 
 
 Aurelius, I commend ; 
 Then spare, although thy pamper'd taste 
 May long for what is fresh and chaste, 
 
 The favourite of thy friend. 
 
 I mean not from the harmless throng, 
 Who busy walk the streets along, 
 
 Intent on sordid pelf, 
 But from thy passion's rampant rage, 
 That dares both old and young engage, 
 
 From thy lascivious self. 
 
CATULLUS. 185 
 
 Let this one single instance be 
 Of thy surprising chastity ; — 
 
 When gone, indulge thy flame ; 
 But should thy lustful heat now dare 
 To wound me where I least can bear, 
 
 And clothe my head with shame ; 
 
 Soon may the punishment, prepared 
 For such offence, be thy reward ; 
 
 Exposed to public view, 
 Oh may thy legs be fitly tied, 
 Radish and mullets then applied 
 
 Inflict the torture due ! Nott. 
 
 XVI. DEFENCE OF HIS AMATORY POEMS 
 TO AURELTCS AXD FUEIUS. 
 
 Axd dare ye, profligates, arraign 
 The ardour of my sprightly strain, 
 
 And e'en myself asperse ? 
 And, if his lines are gay and free, 
 Deem ye the poet's self must be 
 
 As wanton as his verse ? 
 
 The sacred bard, to Muses dear, 
 Himself should pass a chaste career, 
 
 Arid pure his blood should roll: 
 But let his numbers warmly flow, 
 And paint in all their native glow 
 
 The passions of the soul. 
 
 His verse should be of power to move 
 Not only fervent boys with love, 
 
 And feed the blazing flame ; 
 But torpid age should feel the strain 
 Raise every youthful heat again, 
 
 And nerve the feeblest frame. 
 
 No more, ye rakes, peruse my line : 
 By minds debauch'd and base as thine 
 It scarce is understood. 
 
186 CATULLUS. 
 
 It sings of wine, of woman's charms, 
 Of love, of all that cheers and warms 
 The generous and the good. 
 
 But ye, on whom no fair one smiles, 
 Whose hours no social board beguiles, 
 
 I scorn your blame or praise. 
 Whom love and favouring woman bless, 
 Who taste the raptures they express, 
 
 Will never blame my lays. Lamb. 
 
 XVII. ON A STUPID HUSBAND. 
 ADDRESSED TO THE TOWN WHERE HE RESIDED. 
 
 Thou lively town, that wouldst with gladness see 
 On thy long bridge the sports of rustic glee, 
 
 And nimble dancers bounding to the strain, 
 Didst thou not fear the rotten props would throw 
 Thy tottering bridge into the marsh below, 
 
 Ne'er from its muddy bed to rise again ; 
 
 One boon, one sight, to raise my laughter, grant ; 
 And may a bridge so strong supply thy want, 
 
 That the wild Salii's dance can nothing hurt. 
 I ask that one, a townsman of thine own, 
 May only from thy bridge be headlong thrown, 
 
 And neck and shoulders plump into the dirt. 
 
 It should be there, where lies the deepest mud, 
 And greenest mire of all the stagnant flood. 
 
 The man's a senseless dolt, whom nought can warm. 
 His wit or sense no rivalry can hold 
 With any boy, who is but two years old, 
 
 And rock'd to sleep upon his father's arm. 
 
 His wife 's a girl in blooming beauty's dawn, 
 More soft and tender than the youngling fawn ; 
 
 Like ripest grapes demanding gentlest care. 
 He lets her rove uncheck'd her giddy way, 
 Where'er, with whom she lists, to jest and play, 
 
 Nor values all her charms a single hair. 
 
CATULLUS. 187 
 
 Life, for his only care himself, he keeps, 
 Dull as the axe-fell'd alder tree, that sleeps 
 
 In some remote Ligurian ditch confined : 
 He scarcely seems to know he has a wife ; 
 And dozes on his lethargy of life 
 
 Deaf to her accents, to her beauty blind. 
 
 E'en while he breathes, while strong his life-blood flows, 
 Whether he lives or not he scarcely knows. 
 
 Oh, let him from thy bridge be headlong cast, 
 Plunged deep with all his stupor in the flood ; 
 And his dull soul in the congenial mud, 
 
 Like the mule's iron shoe, leave sticking fast ! Lamb. 
 
 XVIII. TO THE GARDEN GOD. 
 
 To thee I dedicate this green retreat ; 
 
 Priapus, sacred be the shade to thee : 
 Whether some grove, or Lampsacus thy seat, 
 
 Detains thy steps, sylvan deity ! 
 Thou who in towns that deck the shelly coast 
 Of much-famed Hellespont art worshipp'd most. Nott, 
 
 XIX. THE GARDEN GOD'S ADDRESS. 
 
 This farm, young passengers, these marshy meads, 
 This cottage thatch'd with sedge and matted reeds, 
 Hewn from the season'd oak by rustic skill, 
 I long have nursed, and am their guardian still. 
 
 Years still succeeding by my influence bear 
 Some wealth, some added blessing to my care. 
 For sire and sons, who live and prosper here, 
 Worship my name, and as their god revere. 
 The grateful sire is careful to erase 
 Moss and rough brambles round my altar's base. 
 The gifts are small that childish hands impart, 
 But gain their value from the giver's heart ; 
 A crown of flowers, the earliest of the year, 
 And the green corn's yet moist and tender ear. 
 Round me the purple violets are pour'd ; 
 The poppy's crimson flower, the pallid gourd, 
 
SQ CATULLUS. 
 
 The fragrant apple, are as offerings paid, 
 And grapes that ripen in the vineyard's shade. 
 Oft bearded goats (but tell it not again) 
 And their hoof 'd ewes with blood my altar stain. 
 
 For all these honours, fix'd upon this spot, 
 
 I guard my master's vines and humble cot. 
 
 Then, boys, refrain from theft, nor pilfer here ; 
 
 Rich is our neighbour, and his garden 's near : 
 
 There a small loss Priapus little heeds ; 
 
 There's plenteous spoil. This pathway thither leads. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 XX. THE GARDEN GOD'S THREAT. 
 
 Form'd from the season'd poplar's heart 
 
 By the unskilful rustic's art, 
 
 From every foe and danger free, 
 
 I guard the little spot you see ; 
 
 And save from theft and rapine's hand 
 
 My humble master's cot and land. 
 
 To me the flowery chaplet, Spring ; 
 The deep brown ear doth Summer bring ; 
 Autumn the luscious grape bestows ; 
 The pale-green olive, Winter snows. 
 The she-goat bears from my rich down 
 Dugs swoll'n with milk to yonder town. 
 The lamb that 's fatten'd in my fold 
 Sends back its owner chinking gold. 
 The tender heifer hence that goes, 
 While here the frantic mother lows, 
 Oft pours its gushing blood to stain 
 The threshold of the richest fane. 
 
 Then, trav'ller, view this god with fear, 
 And check all thirst for plunder here. 
 'Twere well thou didst ; for I can be 
 Quick means of punishment to thee. 
 Say'st thou, " Come on," and scorn'st advice ? 
 Behold the cotter in a trice ; 
 And, if he please thy sides to drub, 
 Myself will serve him for a club. Lamb. 
 
CATULLUS. 189 
 
 XXI. TO AURELIUS. 
 
 Aurelius, father of the treat, 
 Where hunger finds not aught to eat ; 
 Such fasting treats were ne'er of yore, 
 Nor are, nor ever will be more ; 
 Thy lustful thoughts too freely rove, 
 Fain wouldst thou tempt my pretty love, 
 Nor mak'st a secret of the thing, 
 But to my charmer's side dost cling ; 
 Dost boldly, impudently toy, 
 And every wanton art employ ; 
 Yet vain shall prove thy base intent, 
 For e'en my guilt should thine prevent : 
 Wert thou high fed, all this I 'd bear ; 
 But that the one I hold most dear 
 Should learn to hunger and to thirst, 
 So moves my choler that 'twill burst. 
 Then hold, while thou canst honest be ; 
 If not, I'll do a deed for thee. Nott. 
 
 XXII. ON SUFFENUS. 
 ADDRESSED TO VARRUS. 
 
 Varrus, you well Sufienus know, 
 The wit, the scholar, and the beau. 
 Alas ! he also makes at times 
 A fearful quantity of rhymes. 
 I think a thousand lines, ay ten, 
 Or more, have issued from his pen. 
 Not written upon foolscap base, 
 To blot, and alter, and erase ; 
 On royal paper smooth and fine 
 He pens at once the perfect line ; 
 With edges gilt, and binding new, 
 And silver clasp, and silken clew, 
 Its shape by rule exactly right, 
 And all with highest polish bright. 
 
 But, if his verses are but read, 
 The wit's, the scholar's fame is fled. 
 
190 CATULLUS. 
 
 The veriest oaf, the dullest proser, 
 Must seem more bright than the composer : 
 Such different lights to those will show him 
 Who see himself, or read his poem. 
 
 What title can this creature fit, 
 Who now appears a very wit, 
 Or aught, if ever aught arises, 
 Society more seeks and prizes ; 
 But, when to verse he turns his mind, 
 Is duller than the dullest hind ; 
 Yet, ah ! for ever spends his time 
 In toil to build the lofty rhyme ? 
 He 's ne'er so truly blest, as when 
 He uses his poetic pen ; 
 So high he rates his wit, and ever 
 Wonders to find himself so clever. 
 
 Yet we are all, I doubt, in truth 
 
 Deceived like this complacent youth ; 
 
 All, I am much afraid, demean us 
 
 In some one thing just like Suffenus. 
 
 For still to every man that lives 
 
 His share of errors nature gives ; 
 
 But they, as 'tis in fable sung, 
 
 Are in a bag behind us hung ; 
 
 And our formation kindly lacks 
 
 The power to see behind our backs. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Varrus, that wretch Suffenus, whom you know 
 
 Is handsome, talkative, and is a beau ; 
 
 What's more, the coxcomb makes pretence to wit, 
 
 And verses has incontinently writ. 
 
 So great his stock of rhymes, so large his store, 
 
 He has at least ten thousand lines or more, 
 
 AH written out so curious and so clean, 
 
 That common writing paper's thought too mean. 
 
 His paper's royal, and his books are new, 
 
 With silver bosses tempting to the view, 
 
 Tied up with ribbons of the deepest red, [lead. 
 
 Each page with pumice smooth'd, and ruled with crimson 
 
CATULLUS. 191 
 
 But read him, and this fop so neat and nice 
 
 Is changed into a sloven in a trice. 
 
 Suffenus — Oh ! the foolish scribbling dotard 
 
 In's writings seems a ditcher or a goatherd ; 
 
 So much he 's altered from the man he was. 
 
 How can this be ? and what can be the cause ? 
 
 Yet he that but just now in others' sense 
 
 Was destitute of every excellence, 
 
 "Was made the common jest of all the town, 
 
 And thought much more unlearned than a clown, 
 
 Is wise, and to perfection, in his own. 
 
 When he puts pen to paper and indites, 
 
 No man so blest as he in what he writes. 
 
 He joys so much, and wonders at his skill, 
 
 As if the Muses had inspired his quill. 
 
 No wonder ; all are subject to mistakes ; 
 
 None but in something a Suifenus makes. 
 
 Our neighbour's bunch upon his back is known, 
 
 But we forsret what rises from our own. Aston. 
 
 XXIII. CONGRATULATIONS ON POVERTY, 
 TO FURIU3. 
 
 Fueius, thy life no servants tease, 
 
 No chests of gold with watchings tire ; 
 
 No downy bed to harbour fleas, 
 
 No blazing hearth thy house to fire. 
 
 Thou feed'st thy father and his wife, 
 
 Whose sharp-set teeth on flints could browse. 
 
 How blest must be your careless life 
 With him, and his old wooden spouse ! 
 
 Oh truly blest ! — ye keep your health, 
 Digest your food with ease ; nor dread 
 
 Nor fire, nor ruin's curse, nor stealth, 
 Plunder, nor poison in your bread. 
 
 Ye all the ills and dangers scorn, 
 
 The fear of which makes many sigh'; 
 
 Your bodies drier are than horn, 
 
 Or aught, if there is aught more dry. 
 
192 CATULLUS. 
 
 Still warm'd by Summer's burning rays, 
 Or cool'd in Winter's snowy vest, 
 
 Physick'd by famine, can your days 
 Be otherwise than truly blest ? 
 
 All fears of plethora ye may spurn, 
 And gout's and fever's anguish keen. 
 
 When others swell, and throb, and burn, 
 Ye still continue cool and clean. 
 
 Furius, no more these gifts disdain, 
 Nor rate them small, nor e'er infest 
 
 The gods with prayers for wealth again ; 
 For really thou art very blest. Lamb. 
 
 T1IE SAME. 
 
 Nor menial slave, nor coffer strong, 
 Nor blazing hearth to thee belong ; 
 Nor e'en a spider, nor a louse, 
 Can live within thy famish'd house : 
 Yet does my Furius to his cost 
 A father and a step-dame boast ; 
 So hungry, so extremely thin, 
 Their teeth a very flint would skin ; 
 And such thy sire, so lean his wife, 
 You needs must lead a pleasant life : 
 What wonder ? when, beyond a question, 
 You all are blest with good digestion ; 
 Have nought to fear, nor fire, nor losses, 
 Nor impious deeds, nor poisonous doses ; 
 Nor all the dangers which await 
 The wretchedness of human state. 
 Your harden'd bodies drier are 
 Than horn, or aught that 's drier far ; 
 And nursed by hunger, cold, and heat, 
 How can your bliss but be complete ? 
 From you no sweat, no spittle flows ; 
 No rheum, no snivel from your nose : 
 Besides, one cleanliness superior 
 To all you boast, that your posterior 
 Is so exceeding trim and sweet, 
 A salt-cellar 's not half so neat : 
 
CATULLUS. 193 
 
 Scarce ten times in a year you vent 
 Your indurated excrement ; 
 So indurated ne'er was known 
 Or shrivell'd bean, or hardest stone ; 
 Which, rubb'd, and crumbled o'er and o'er, 
 Would leave the finger as before. 
 Then hold not cheap, nor yet despise 
 Blessings, my Furius, you should prize ; 
 Nor, as you 're wont, ask more of heaven, 
 To thee enough's already given ! Nott. 
 
 XXIV. TO JUVENTIUS. 
 ON HIS CHOICE OF A FRIEND. 
 
 Dear boy, of thy race thou 'rt the blossom and pride ; 
 
 Not only of all who these days may adorn, 
 But all who through ages long distant have died, 
 
 And of all who shall ever hereafter be born. 
 
 With a wretch, who commands neither servant nor purse, 
 Wilt thou then thus warmly in friendship combine ? 
 
 Oh ! rather than thee his affection should curse, 
 I would almost have made him a crony of mine. 
 
 " He's a gallant," thou say'st. May be so ; still 'tis plain 
 This gallant nor slave has, nor cash at command ; 
 
 And, whate'er thou may'st deem him, the world will disdain, 
 Till a slave 's at his heels, or a purse in his hand. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 loveliest of Juventian bloom ! 
 Thou bud with early beauty graced ! 
 
 Unequall'd by the age to come, 
 Or by the present or the past ! 
 
 Oh hadst thou given but paltry pelf 
 
 To him who wants both slave and chest, 
 
 1 had not grieved ! — But that thyself 
 
 By yon lewd wretch should be possest ! 
 
194 CATULLUS. 
 
 You '11 cry, " He 's handsome ! " — so lie may ; 
 
 Still that he 's poor you needs must grant : 
 Reject, extenuate all I say ; 
 
 Both slave and chest he 's doom'd to want ! Nott. 
 
 XXV. TO THALLUS. 
 
 Voluptuous Thallus ! soft, I own, 
 As rabbit's fur, as cygnet's down ; 
 Soft as the tip of softest ear ; 
 As fliinsy age, or spider's silken snare ! 
 
 Yet more rapacious than the sea, 
 Which vext with storms sweeps all away ; 
 Whilst boding birds, with dismal cry, 
 O'er the tempestuous, wintry billows fly. 
 
 My cloak thou shalt return, I vow, 
 My fine Setabian napkin too ; 
 My tablets from the Thynian coast ; 
 All which as lineal wealth, vain fool, you boast ! 
 
 Unglue thy hands, my things restore ! 
 Lest thy soft breech and sides made sore 
 With unaccustom'd stripes, you rave, 
 Lash'd like some skiff that dares wild ocean's wave. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 XXVI. TO FURIUS, ON HIS VILLA. 
 
 Thy villa, Furius, is not placed 
 
 The southern gales to bear ; 
 Nor north, nor east, nor west is faced, 
 
 But screen'd from every air. 
 
 But, oh ! 'tis out at mortgage placed, 
 
 'Gainst sums thou can'tst repay ; 
 And that 's of all the likeliest blast 
 
 To sweep it quite away. Lamb. 
 
 XXVII. TO HIS CUP-BEARER. 
 
 Bor, who in my festive home 
 Mak'st the rich Falernian foam, 
 
CATULLUS. 195 
 
 Broach my oldest wine, and pour 
 
 Till the goblet mantles o'er. 
 
 Gay Postuniia thus ordains, 
 
 When she at my banquet reigns. » 
 
 Not the juice that swells its shape 
 
 Is so native to the grape, 
 
 As the draught that fills the bowl 
 
 Is congenial to her soul. 
 
 Hence, ye waters ! hence abstain, 
 
 Generous liquor's chilly bane ! 
 
 Hence, where'er it please you, flow ! 
 
 Hence, to surly wisdom go ! 
 
 Pure this draught as from the vine 
 
 Bacchus' self had press'd the wine. Lamb. 
 
 XXVIII. TO VERANNIUS AND FABULLUS, 
 ON THEIR RETURN FROM SPAIN. 
 
 "Well, friends, who big with hopes of gain, 
 Have follow'd Piso into Spain, 
 Your luggage is compact and tight, 
 And as it went of carriage light. 
 Verannius, friend, Fabullus, say, 
 What wealth ye gather'd in your way ? 
 
 Did ye in that curmudgeon's suite 
 Enough of cold and hunger meet : 
 And do now your accounts contain 
 Expenses in the place of gain, 
 Like me, who from my Pretor's tour 
 Came, 'stead of richer, much more poor ? 
 
 Ah, Memmius ! ill your train you treated, 
 And all the time abused and cheated : 
 And now, for all that I can view, 
 It's just the same with both of you. 
 Ye* by your scoundrel trick'd, repine ; 
 Your scoundrel is as great as mine. 
 
 Now speed, thou fool, whoe'er intends 
 To thrive by courting noble friends ; 
 o 2 
 
19'6 CATULLUS. 
 
 And every evil man can know 
 May gods and goddesses bestow 
 On you, ye Prefers, who disgrace 
 • The Roman name and Roman race. Lamb. 
 
 XXIX. UPON MAMURRA. 
 ADDRESSED TO CAESAR. 
 
 Who can behold, or who endure ; 
 
 Save rakes devoid of truth and shame, 
 Or gambling cheats, or gluttons tame ; 
 That base Mamurra should procure 
 And squander free the spoil and products all 
 Of farthest Britain's isle, and rich Transalpine Gaul ? 
 
 Miscreant Romulus, canst thou see, 
 
 And suffer this ? — Then thine the shame, 
 The rake's, the cheat's, the glutton's name. 
 Soon proud and all-abounding he 
 Through all our marriage beds shall wanton rove, 
 Gay as Adonis young, or Venus' snowy dove. 
 
 Canst thou still see and bear this thing, 
 Miscreant Romulus ? — Thine the shame, 
 The rake's, the cheat's, the glutton's name. 
 And for this name, unrivall'd king, 
 Proud didst thou bear afar thy conquering crest, 
 E'en to the farthest isle that gems the distant West, 
 
 That he, thy lustful friend, should prey 
 On all the spoil, thy valour's prize ? 
 " What matters it ?" thy bounty cries, 
 " A little wealth he throws away." 
 And has he then but little wealth devour'd ? 
 First he his father's hoards on low companions shower'd ; 
 
 Then by the spoil of Pontus fed, 
 And then by all Iberia gave, 
 And Tagus from its golden wave. 
 Him justly Gaul and Britain dread. 
 Justly his grasping sway may cause alarms 
 More than his emperor's name and all-victorious arms. 
 
CATULLUS. 197 
 
 Oh ! why so base a favourite choose. 
 Who has nor wit, nor use, nor power, 
 Save all thy riches to devour ? 
 Didst thou, son-in-law ! then lose, 
 Didst thou, O conquering father ! then obtain 
 The empire of the world to be this minion's gain ? Lamb. 
 
 XXX. TO ALPHENUS, OX HIS PERFIDY. 
 Forgetful, false to those who love thee best, 
 
 Alphenus, can no kindness from thy breast 
 
 E'en I, thy loved companion, know ? 
 No pitying pause, no doubts relenting stay 
 Thy reckless course, still eager to betray 
 With equal falsehood friend or foe. 
 
 Yet faithless deeds the lords of heaven offend ; 
 Though thou regardless canst behold thy friend 
 
 By anguish and despair opprest. 
 All trust is past, let man of man beware. 
 Thou, who by show of faith and friendliest care 
 
 Hadst made me open all my breast, 
 
 Changed from thyself, now bid'st the roving air 
 Thine oaths, thy pledges, far from memory bear, 
 
 And scatter in the tempest's course. 
 The sods, though, thou forgett'st, remember all, 
 And outraged faith will to thy breast recall 
 
 Thy perjury, and its due remorse. Lamb. 
 
 XXXI. TO THE PEXTXSULA OF SIRMIO. 
 UPON HIS RETURN TO HIS COUNTRY HOUSE THERE. 
 
 Sirmio, of all the shores the gem, 
 
 The isles where circling Neptune strays ; 
 Whether the vast and boisterous main 
 Or lake's more limpid waves they stem, 
 How gladly on thy lands I gaze ! 
 How blest to visit thee again ! 
 
 I scarce believe, while rapt I stand, 
 That I have left the Thynian fields, 
 And all Bithynia far behind, 
 
198 CATULLUS. 
 
 And safely view my favourite land. 
 Oh bliss, when care dispersing yields 
 To full repose the placid mind ! 
 
 Then when the mind its load lays down ; 
 When we regain, all hazards past, 
 And with long ceaseless travel tired, 
 Our household god again our own ; 
 And press in tranquil sleep at last 
 The well-known bed so oft desired — 
 
 This can alone atonement make 
 
 For every toil. Hail, Sirinio sweet ! 
 Be gay, thy lord hath ceased to roam ! 
 Ye laughing waves of Lydia's lake, 
 Smile all around ! Thy master greet 
 
 With all thy smiles, my pleasant home ! Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Sirmio ! the lovely eye of every isle 
 And green peninsula, where'er they smile ; 
 W r hether the fresh or briny wave surround, 
 The floating lake, or ocean's blue profound ; 
 With what a joyous willingness of mind 
 I thee revisit, leaving far behind, 
 Still half incredulous, Bithynia's plain, 
 And gaze m safety on thy scenes again ! 
 Oh ! what more blissful than to loose the breast 
 From cares, and bid the unburden'd spirit rest ? 
 Sit by our home fire-side ; forget the toil 
 Of weary wanderings on a foreign soil ; 
 And on the long'd-for bed sink down at last 
 In full-felt ease ; o'erpaid for hardships past ! 
 Hail, pleasant Sirmio ! for thy master's sake 
 Rejoice ! ye waters of the Lydian lake, 
 Brighten in joy ! and each remember'd thing, 
 That laughs of home, shall smile my welcoming ! 
 
 Elton. 
 ttte same. 
 Sweet Sirmio ! thou the very eye 
 Of all peninsulas and isles, 
 
CATULLUS. 199 
 
 That in our lakes of silver lie, 
 
 Or sleep, enwreath'd by Neptune's smiles — 
 
 How gladly back to thee I fly ! 
 
 Still doubting, asking — can it be 
 Tli at I have left Bithynia's sky, 
 
 And gaze in safety upon thee ? 
 
 Oh ! what is happier than to find 
 
 Our hearts at ease, our perils past ; 
 When, anxious long, the lighten'd mind 
 
 Lays down its load of care at last. 
 
 When tired with toil o'er land and deep, 
 
 Again we tread the welcome floor 
 Of our own home, and sink to sleep 
 
 On the long-wish'd-for bed once more. 
 
 This, this it is, that pays alone 
 
 The ills of all life's former track. — 
 Shine out, my beautiful, my own 
 
 Sweet Sirmio, greet thy master back. 
 
 And thou, fair Lake, whose water quaffs 
 
 The light of heaven like Lydia's sea, 
 Rejoice, rejoice — let all that laughs 
 
 Abroad, at home, laugh out for me ! Moore. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 O best of all the scatter'd spots that lie 
 
 In sea or lake, — apple of landscape's eye, — 
 
 How gladly do I drop within thy nest, 
 
 With what a sigh of full, contented rest, 
 
 Scarce able to believe my journey's o'er, 
 
 And that these eyes behold thee safe once more ! 
 
 Oh where 's the luxury like the smile at heart, 
 
 When the mind breathing, lays its load apart, — 
 
 When we come home again, tired out, and spread 
 
 The loosen'd limbs o'er all the wish'd-for bed ! 
 
 This, this alone is worth an age of toil. 
 
 Hail, lovely Sirmio ! Hail, paternal soil ! 
 
 Joy, my bright waters, joy: your master's come ! 
 
 Laugh every dimple on the cheek of home ! 
 
 Leigh Hunt. 
 
200 CATULLUS. 
 
 XXXII. THE RENDEZVOUS. 
 
 TO HYPSITHILLA. 
 
 Kind of heart, of beauty bright, 
 Pleasure's soul, and love's delight, 
 None by nature graced above thee, 
 Hypsithilla, let me love thee. 
 
 Tell me then, that I shall be 
 Welcome when I come to thee ; 
 And at noon's inspiring tide 
 Close thy gate to all beside. 
 Let no idle wish to roam 
 Steal thy thought from joys at home ; 
 But prepare thy charms to aid 
 Every frolic love e'er play'd. 
 Speed thy message. Day goes fast. 
 Now's the hour ; the banquet's past : 
 Mid-day suns and goblets flowing 
 Set my frame with passion glowing. 
 
 Speed thee, wanton, fair and free ! 
 Tell me I must haste to thee. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 My Hypsithilla, charming fair, 
 My life, my soul, ah ! hear my prayer : 
 Thy grateful summons quickly send, 
 And bless at noon, with joy, thy friend. 
 And if my fair one will comply, 
 And not her sighing swain deny, 
 Take care the door be then unbarr'd, 
 And let no spy be on the guard. 
 And thou, the aim of my desire, 
 Attend at home my amorous fire. 
 Prepare thy bosom to receive 
 All that so much love can give : 
 Prepare to meet repeated joy, 
 Continued bliss without alloy ; 
 Dissolving still in thy dear arms, 
 Still raised by thy reviving charms, 
 
CATULLUS. 201 
 
 To onsets fresh of sprightly pleasure, 
 Tumultuous joy beyond all measure. 
 But dally not with my desire, 
 Nor quash with thy delays my fire. 
 Bursting with love upon my couch I lie, 
 Forestalling with desire the distant joy. Anon. 
 
 XXXIII. ON THE VIBENNII. 
 
 Old Vibennius of all the bath thieves thou first thief ! 
 
 Of all monsters in lust, young Vibennius thou chief! 
 
 This is gifted with hands which are ever rapacious, 
 
 That is gifted with parts which are full as voracious ; 
 
 Then, oh why don't ye both into banishment go, 
 
 And deservedly wander in deserts of woe ? 
 
 Not a soul but the father's mean rapines must tell ; 
 
 And thou, son, canst no more thy stale infamy sell. Nott, 
 
 XXXIV. ODE TO DIANA. 
 
 Virgins fair, and boys yet chaste, 
 
 We Diana's service bear ; 
 Kaise her votive chorus, haste, 
 
 Spotless youths and virgins fair ! 
 
 Mighty child of mightiest Jove, 
 
 Thee, Latona, we adore ; 
 In the Delian olive grove 
 
 Thee thy beauteous mother bore. 
 
 Born to be the sacred queen 
 
 Of the mountain and the wood, 
 Of the valley's placid scene, 
 
 Of the river's echoing flood. 
 
 Soothing woman's labouring throe, 
 
 Goddess, thou Lucina hight ; 
 Thee, we powerful Trivia know, 
 
 Luna, thee, with borrow'd light. 
 
 By thy monthly rise and wane 
 
 Still th' apportion'd year is sped ; 
 Still thy power with fruits and grain 
 
 Stores the peasant's homely shed. 
 
202 CATULLUS. 
 
 Be thou, by whatever name 
 
 Please thee, sacred ; and embrace 
 
 Still with guardian care the same 
 
 Ancient Rome's heroic race. Lamb. 
 
 XXXY. INVITATION TO CECILIUS. 
 
 Go, paper, to Cecilius say, 
 
 To him I love, the bard whose lay 
 
 The sweetest thoughts attend ; 
 Say, he must quit his loved retreat, 
 Comum and Larius' lake, to greet 
 
 Verona and his friend. 
 
 Here let him some advice receive, 
 A friend of his and mine will give. 
 
 If wise, he'll speed his way ; 
 Although the fair his haste may check 
 A thousand times, and on his neck 
 
 May hang,, and beg his stay. 
 
 For, when of old she read his strains 
 To her on Dindymus who reigns, 
 
 Did raging passion seize 
 On all her heart ; and since that day 
 She idly wears his youth away 
 
 In love and slothful ease. 
 
 Yet thee, fair girl, I not abuse, 
 More learned than the Sapphic Muse, 
 
 And warm with all her fire ; 
 For, ah ! so soft, so sweetly flow'd 
 His melting strains, his tender ode, 
 
 They well might love inspire. Lamb. 
 
 XXXVI. TO " THE ANNALS." 
 A POEM, BY VOLUSIUS. 
 
 Volusius' Annals — worthless lay ! 
 
 E'en than thy writer's self more stupid ; 
 *Tis thou, my damsel's vow must pay 
 
 To sacred Venus, and to Cupid. 
 
CATULLUS. 203 
 
 She vow'd, that, should my soften'd heart 
 
 Be reconciled to her again ; 
 And at her I should cease to dart 
 
 My cross and keen Iambic strain ; 
 
 That she would give to him, the lame 
 
 Grim god, whom yet Jove's anger curses, 
 
 To be consumed by evil flame, 
 
 The chosen worst of all bad verses. 
 
 No fruitful tree must form the pyre, 
 
 Which heaven protects and man loves well ; 
 
 Ill-omen'd wood shall feed the fire, 
 Dear only to the gods of hell. 
 
 Thou art the poem, all declare, 
 
 Fore-destined by her frolic oath ; 
 Then, oh, thou goddess bright and fair, 
 
 Forni'd of the azure ocean's froth ; 
 
 Goddess of Syria's open meads, 
 
 Of sacred woods, Idalia's boast, 
 Cnidus, where grow the poet's reeds, 
 
 Amathus, and Ancona's coast, 
 
 Of Golgos, and Dyrrachium's port, 
 
 The market of the Adrian main ; 
 Accept the vow, nor deem our sport 
 
 That taste should shun, or wit disdain. 
 
 Then come, ye pointless, rugged lays, 
 
 Into the fire ; 'tis there you're due. 
 Then, whether Venus blame or praise, 
 
 We shall at least get rid of you. Lamb. 
 
 XXXVII. THE COMPLAINT. 
 TO COBNIE1CIUS. 
 
 O Corxificius ! all goes ill, 
 With wasting cares I bend ; 
 
 And more each day and hour they still 
 Oppress thy wretched friend. 
 
204 CATULLUS. 
 
 The tender lay which thou couldst frame 
 Might somewhat grief remove ; 
 
 And oft thy reckless heart I blame, 
 That thus neglects my love. 
 
 Some plaintive strain my grief might please, 
 
 How sad soe'er it be : 
 The sighs of old Simonides 
 
 Are not too sad for me. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Sick, Cornificius, is thy friend, 
 
 Sick to the heart ; and sees no end 
 
 Of wretched thoughts, that gathering fast 
 
 Threaten to wear him out at last. 
 
 And yet you never come and bring — 
 
 Though 't were the least and easiest thing — 
 
 A comfort in that talk of thine : — 
 
 You vex me : — this, to love like mine ? 
 
 Prithee, a little talk for ease, for ease, 
 
 Full as the tears of poor Simonides. Leigh Hunt. 
 
 XXXVIII. TO THE FREQUENTERS OF A CERTAIN TAVERN* 
 
 thou brothel most lewd, and you dissolute host, 
 From the cup-honour'd brothers who hold the ninth post ! 
 Do you think that you only have passions and power, 
 Thus to mingle with wantons and spend the soft hour ? 
 That no girl, be she dwarfish, tall, snowy, or brown, 
 — Each soul else a rank goat — but must kiss you alone ? 
 What ; because a good hundred at least, if not two, 
 You for ever sit down at the door of your stew ; 
 Do you fancy, you fools, as resentment may call, 
 I'll not venture one stroke, and let fly at you all? 
 Oh, in faith, but I will ! — and 'twere serving you right, 
 With my stick, duly burnt, o'er your brothel to write : 
 Since my girl, whom these arms could no longer detain ; 
 vSo beloved that none e'er shall be so loved again ; 
 For whose sake in a thousand mad riots I've bled ; 
 Hath with you ta'en her place both to board and to bed : 
 
CATULLUS. 205 
 
 And you love her forsooth ; you sweet, delicate souls ! 
 
 Oh 'tis shameful, you wretches, fit only for trulls ! 
 
 But of all the lewd, infamous posse, I vow, 
 
 The most lewd, the most worthless, Egnatius, art thou. 
 
 Celtiberia's soft son, for long tresses renown'd ; 
 
 Celtiberia, the country where rabbits abound ; 
 
 Of thy bushy, black beard, who canst only be vain, 
 
 And thy teeth nicely polish'd with urine of Spain. Nott. 
 
 XXXIX. ON EGNATIUS. 
 
 Because Egnatius' teeth are nicely white, 
 
 To grin and show them is his sole delight. 
 
 If haply at some trial he appear, 
 
 Where eloquence commands the gushing tear, 
 
 He grins. — If, at the pile, the duteous son, 
 
 The childless mother weeps, for ever gone, 
 
 He grins. — In short, whate'er the time or place, 
 
 Do as he may, the grin still marks his face : 
 
 'Tis his disease ; and, speaking as I feel, 
 
 We cannot call it decent or genteel. 
 
 Then, good Egnatius, list to what I sing : 
 
 Didst thou from Roman or from Sabine spring, 
 
 From Tiburine, or Umbrian highly fed ; 
 
 Or with Etrurians greasy wert thou bred ; 
 
 Wert thou descended of Lanuvian race, 
 
 Remark' d alike for teeth, and swarthy face ; 
 
 Or — that my native land may mention claim — 
 
 Wert thou like me of Transpadanian name ; 
 
 Wert thou a son of any region, where 
 
 Teeth are kept clean with water that is fair ? 
 
 E'en then that ceaseless, ill-timed grin forego : 
 
 A silly laugh 's the silliest thing I know : 
 
 But, Celtiberian ! in that country born, 
 
 Where what you make at night you every morn 
 
 Rub on your teeth and scarlet gums ; for you 
 
 To smirk and smile but proves this scandal true : 
 
 The more your teeth are polish'd white and fine, 
 
 The more you 've only swill'd of filthy brine. Nott. 
 
206 CATULLUS. 
 
 XL. TO RAVIDUS. 
 
 Wretch Ravidus, what impulse ill 
 
 Has hurried thee away 
 A base, unenvied place to fill 
 
 In my Iambic lay ? 
 What deity thus ill-invoked 
 This senseless squabble hath provoked ? 
 
 Wouldst thou be known and mention'd wide 
 
 The theme of trite report ? 
 Well, have thy wish. — Since thou hast tried 
 
 My fair one's love to court ; 
 My verses shall preserve thy name 
 In everlasting scorn and shame. Lamb. 
 
 XLI. ON MAMURRA'S MISTRESS. 
 
 Can that hackney'd jade be sane? 
 
 She, whom dirt and vice surrounds, 
 Spendthrift Formian's mistress plain 
 
 Asks me for two hundred pounds. 
 
 Neighbours, quick, physicians have in, 
 All her friends and kinsmen summon. 
 
 Doubt not she is mad; she's raving, 
 
 Thinks herself a pretty woman. Lamb. 
 
 XLII. ON A COURTESAN, 
 WHO KEPT HIS TABLETS FROM HIM. 
 
 Come, verses, come at my request ; 
 
 Nor, Satire, now thy coarseness lack ; 
 Yon filthy wench makes me her jest, 
 
 And will not give your tablets back. 
 
 If ye can bear the task, with me 
 
 Come claim them, worry, tease, and bait. 
 
 Ask ye of whom ? — Of her ye see 
 Who struts with yon affected gait ; 
 
CATULLUS. 207 
 
 Who gapes with stunning laughter wide 
 
 As is the Gallic beagle's grin. 
 Come, Satire, come, demand, and chide, 
 
 And persecute with ceaseless din. 
 
 Restore them, wench of vilest trade ! 
 
 Restore the tablets, wretch accurst ! 
 Dost thou not heed ? Oh filth ! oh jade ! 
 
 Oh all that 's lowest, basest, worst ! 
 
 And will not this abuse prevail ? 
 
 At least, however rare, let 's place 
 One blush, if in all else we fail, 
 
 Upon the strumpet's iron face. 
 
 Shout then, in terms more loud and keen, 
 " Drab, harlot ! give them back again ! 
 
 Give back the tablets, filthy quean ! " 
 Yet she 's not moved, and all is vain. 
 
 Ah ! we must breathe a softer tale. 
 
 Then, ' ; Chaste and modest maid, restore 
 Our tablets, pray ! " — That must prevail, 
 
 For that she never heard before. Lamb. 
 
 XLIIL TO MAMUHRA'S MISTRESS. 
 
 Though splaw thy feet, and snub thy nose, 
 Thy fingers short, and unlike sloes 
 
 Thine eyes in hue may be ; 
 Thy lip with driv'lling moisture dew'd, 
 Thy language vulgar, manners rude, 
 
 Yet, wanton, hail to thee ! 
 
 And does the province praise thy grace ; 
 And e'en presume thy form and face 
 
 With Lesbia to compare ? 
 Then why should I thy charms dispraise ? 
 'Mid vulgar fools, in tasteless days. 
 
 'Tis useless to be fair. Lamb. 
 
208 CATULLUS. 
 
 XLIV. TO HIS OWN FARM, 
 WHILE RESIDING THERE. 
 
 Whether, my farm, the Sabine bounds, 
 Or Tibur hold thy peaceful grounds ; 
 
 (For those who love me like a friend 
 Call thee of Tibur ; those who come 
 To vex my pride, with any sum 
 
 That thou art Sabine will contend.) 
 
 But whether that, or truly class'd 
 « 'Mong Tibur's lands, well pleased I've pass'd 
 
 Some days in thy sequester'd seat. 
 Thou from my loaded breast hast driven 
 A cough my stomach's sins had given, 
 
 Deserved by many a costly treat. 
 
 And when I plainly hoped to feed 
 As Sextius' guest, my host would read 
 
 His speech 'gainst Attius, made of old. 
 'Twas full of poison and disease ; 
 It made me shiver, made me sneeze, 
 
 And gave me a bad cough and cold. 
 
 At length I fled into thy breast ; 
 And there with med'cine and with rest 
 
 Have cured myself in little time : 
 So now, in health and spirits gay, 
 My warmest thanks to thee I pay, 
 
 Who thus hast done away my crime. 
 
 And, when I e'er again shall go 
 
 To hear his works, may they bestow 
 
 Their cough and cold, not on my head, 
 But upon Sextius' self, who ne'er 
 Asks me to sup, but when the fare 
 
 Is hearing his own nonsense read ! Lamb. 
 
 XLV. ACME AND SEPTIMIUS 
 
 Septimius said, and fondly prest 
 The doting Acme to his breast : — 
 
CATULLUS. 209 
 
 " My Acme, if I prize not thee 
 With love as warm as love can be, 
 With passion spurning any fears 
 Of growing faint in length of years, 
 Alone may I defenceless stand 
 To meet, on Libya's desert sand, 
 Or under India's torrid sky, 
 The tawny lion's glaring eye ! " 
 
 Love, before who utter'd still 
 On the left-hand omens ill, 
 As he ceased his faith to plight 
 Laugh'd propitious on the right. 
 
 Then Acme gently bent her head, 
 Kiss'd with those lips of cherry red 
 The eyes of the delighted boy, 
 That swam with glistening floods of joy ; 
 And whisper'd as she closely prest — 
 
 " Septimius, soul of Acme's breast, 
 Let all our lives and feelings own 
 One lord, one sovereign, Love alone ! 
 I yield to love, and yield to thee, 
 For thou and love art one to me. 
 Though fond thy fervent heart may beat, 
 My feelings glow with greater heat, 
 And madder flames my bosom melt 
 Than all that thou hast ever felt." 
 
 Love, before who utter'd still 
 On the left-hand omens ill, 
 As she ceased her faith to plight 
 Laugh'd propitious on the right. 
 
 Since favouring omens thus approved, 
 
 They mutual love and are beloved ; 
 
 Septimius prizes Acme more 
 
 Than Syria's realm and Britain's shore ; 
 
 And from Septimius only flows 
 
 The bliss that faithful Acme knows. 
 
 Then search the world, and search in vain 
 For fonder maid or happier swain. 
 
210 CATULLUS. 
 
 Ask men below, and gods above, 
 
 Ask Venus kind, and potent Love, 
 
 If e'er they with propitious care 
 
 Heap'd equal bliss on any pair. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 On Septimius' lap entwining, 
 While his Acme sank reclining ; 
 " If I love thee not/' he cried, 
 " Oh my Acme ! oh my bride ! 
 Even to perdition love thee, 
 And shall feel thy beauties move me, 
 As the rapid years roll by, 
 Like men who love distractedly, 
 Then, where Afric's sands are spread, 
 Or India's sun flames overhead, 
 May a lion cross me there 
 With his green-eyed, angry glare." 
 Love stood listening in delight, 
 And sneezed his auspice on the right. 
 
 Acme, as her lover said, 
 Lightly bending back her head, 
 And with lips of ruby skimming 
 His tipsy eyes, in pleasure swimming ; 
 " Septimillus ! darling mine ! 
 So may we thus ever twine, 
 Victims vow'd at Cupid's shrine, 
 As with still more keen requitals 
 Thou art felt within my vitals ! " 
 Love stood listening in delight, 
 And sneezed his auspice on the right. 
 
 In the heavenly omen blest 
 
 They love, caressing and carest ; 
 
 The poor youth would lightlier prize 
 
 Syria's groves than Acme's eyes : 
 
 Acme centres in the boy 
 
 All her longings, all her joy. 
 
 Who more bless'd has mortals seen ? 
 
 When has a kinder passion been ? Elton. 
 
CATULLUS. 211 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 " Acme, love !" Septimius cried, 
 As on his lap lie held his bride, — 
 " If all my heart is not for thee, 
 And dotes not on thee desperately, 
 And if it dote not more and more, 
 As desperate heart ne'er did before, 
 May I be doom'd on desert ground 
 To meet the lion in his round ! " 
 
 He said ; and Love on tiptoe near him, 
 
 Kind at last and come to cheer him, 
 
 Clapp'd his little hands to hear him. 
 
 But Acme to the bending youth 
 
 Just dropping back that rosy mouth, 
 
 Kiss'd his reeling, hovering eyes, 
 
 And, " O my life, my love ! " replies, 
 
 " So may our constant service be 
 
 To this one only deity, 
 
 As with a transport doubly true 
 
 He thrills your Acme's being through ! " 
 
 She said ; and Love on tiptoe near her, 
 
 Kind at last, and come to cheer her, 
 
 Clapp'd his little hands to hear her. 
 
 Favour'd thus by heaven above, 
 
 Their lives are one return of love ; 
 
 For he, poor fellow, so possess'd, 
 
 Is richer than with east and west, — 
 
 And she, in her enamour'd boy, 
 
 Finds all that she can frame of joy. 
 
 Now who has seen, in Love's subjection, 
 
 Two more blest in their connexion, 
 
 Or a more entire affection ? Leigh Hunt. 
 
 XLYI. TO HIMSELF. 
 ON THE APPROACH OF SPRING. 
 
 Sprung returns, and blended meet 
 Winter's cold and Summer's heat. 
 Zephyr's soothing airs assuage 
 Heaven's equinoctial rage. 
 p 2 
 
212 CATULLUS. 
 
 Leave, Catullus, Phrygia's plains, 
 Leave Nicaea's rich domains ; 
 And to Asia take thy flight 
 Where her splendid towns invite. 
 
 All my mind 's for travel fired ; 
 
 Hope hath all my limbs inspired : 
 
 Loved society, farewell, 
 
 Friends with whom I've joy'd to dwell ; 
 
 From our happy jovial home 
 
 Now we all together roam ; 
 
 Very soon how far and wide 
 
 Various paths shall all divide. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Now Spring renews her gentle charms, 
 And lull'd in Zephyr's balmy arms, 
 
 Soft grows the angry sky ; 
 Haste then, and leaving Phrygia's plains, 
 Leaving Nicsea's rich domains, 
 
 To Asia's cities fly. 
 
 My soul all trembling pants to stray, 
 My bounding feet the call obey ; 
 
 Friends of my youth, farewell ! 
 Loved friends with whom I left my home, 
 Now doom'd through various ways to roam, 
 
 In different lands to dwell. Peter. 
 
 . XLVII. TO PORCIUS AND SOCRATION. 
 
 Oh Porcius and Socration ! minions base, 
 Panders to Piso's avarice, lust, and lies, 
 
 You, 'bove my friends, does that vile Pretor grace, 
 Above Verannius and Fabullus prize ? 
 
 While ye at splendid banquets daily meet, 
 
 Revel from morn till day its light has hidden ; 
 
 My loved companions wandering in the street 
 Might vainly beg a place, where ye are bidden. 
 
 Still are they my companions, still most dear, 
 Though vice abhor and poverty pursue : 
 
CATULLUS. 213 
 
 Their honest lot is mine, and mine their cheer, 
 
 More blest to starve with them than feast with you ! 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 XLVIII. TO HIS LOVE. 
 
 If, all-complying, thou wouldst grant 
 
 Thy lovely eyes to kiss, my fair, 
 Long as I pleased ; oh ! I would plant 
 
 Three hundred thousand kisses there. 
 Nor could I even then refrain, 
 
 Nor satiate leave that fount of blisses ; 
 Though thicker than autumnal grain 
 
 Should be our growing crop of kisses. Lamb. 
 
 XLIX. TO M. T. CICERO, 
 WHO HAD PLEADED SUCCESSFULLY FOR CATULLUS. 
 
 Tully, most eloquent, most sage 
 
 Of all the Roman race, 
 That deck the past or present age, 
 
 Or future days may grace. 
 
 Oh ! may Catullus thus declare 
 
 An overflowing heart ; 
 And, though the worst of poets, dare 
 
 A grateful lay impart ! 
 
 'T will teach thee how thou hast surpast 
 
 All others in thy line ; 
 For, far as he in his is last, 
 
 Art thou the first in thine. Lamb. 
 
 L. TO LICINIUS. 
 
 'T was yesterday our careless sport, 
 Licinius, made the day seem short ; 
 As suited men of taste and wit, 
 We sported j ust as fancy hit ; 
 And in my tablets all day long 
 Wrote various kinds of verse and song ; 
 While mutual jokes and flowing bowls 
 United all our jovial souls. 
 
214 CATULLUS. 
 
 When home I went, my fancy run 
 So wholly on your wit and fun, 
 I loathed my lonely, cheerless meal, 
 Nor sleep would o'er my senses steal : 
 All night I toss'd from side to side, 
 Each corner of my bed I tried, 
 Still vainly wishing night would end, 
 And dawn bring pleasure and my friend. 
 
 Now listless, weary, almost dead, 
 
 I lie unrested on my bed ; 
 
 And 't is from thence this verse I write, 
 
 To let you know my cheerless plight. 
 
 Now be not stern, but have a c?ire ; 
 
 Nor dare neglect my sportive prayer. 
 
 My earnest wishes cannot brook 
 
 One scoffing word or sneering look. 
 
 Neglect me ! — I shall straight avow 
 
 Hatred as warm as friendship now ; 
 
 And Nemesis herself shall be 
 
 Invoked for vengeance upon thee. 
 
 She is a goddess little tender : 
 
 Beware, beware, how you offend her ! Lamb. 
 
 LI. SAPPHO'S ODE. 
 
 Blest as th' immortal gods is he, 
 The youth, who fondly sits by thee, 
 And hears and sees thee all the while 
 Softly speak, and sweetly smile. 
 
 'T was that deprived my soul of rest, 
 And raised such tumults in my breast ; 
 For while I gazed, in transport toss'd, 
 My breath was gone, my voice was lost. 
 
 My bosom glow'd ; the subtle flame 
 Ran quick through all my vital frame ; 
 On my dim eyes a darkness hung ; 
 My ears with hollow murmurs rung ; 
 
 With dewy damp my limbs were chill'd ; 
 My blood with gentle horrors thrill'd ; 
 
CATULLUS. 215 
 
 My feeble pulse forgot to play ; 
 I fainted, sank, and died away. 
 
 Ambrose Phillips. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 That man is like a god to me 
 Who, sitting face to face with thee, 
 Shall hear thee sweetly speak, and see 
 Thy laughter's gentle blandishing. 
 
 'Tis this astounds my trembling heart : 
 I see thee, lovely as thou art : 
 My fluttering words in murmurs start, 
 My broken tongue is faltering. 
 
 My flushing skin the fire betrays 
 That through my blood electric strays : 
 My eyes seem darkening as I gaze, 
 My ringing ears re-echoing. 
 
 Cold from my forehead glides the dew : 
 A shuddering tremour thrills me through : 
 My cheek a green and yellow hue : 
 
 All gasping, dying, languishing. Elton. 
 
 LIT. TO HIMSELF, ON THE TIMES. 
 
 How now, wretch Catullus ? say, 
 
 Why you still your death delay ? 
 For Struma Nonius fills the Curule chair ; 
 Perjured Vatinius holds the Consul's care : 
 
 How now, wretch Catullus? say, 
 
 Why you still your death delay ? Lamb. 
 
 LIII. CALVUS' ORATORY. 
 
 When Calvus short denounced aloud 
 
 Vatinius' venal rule ; 
 And, to be level with the crowd, 
 
 Had jump'd upon a stool : 
 
 " learned stool ! " cried some one near, 
 " How high thy fame should shine ! 
 
216 CATULLUS. 
 
 Since, but for thee, the words we cheer, 
 Nor he could speak, nor we could hear ; 
 The eloquence is thine ! " Lamb. 
 
 LIV. TO C^SAR, ON HIS COMPANIONS. 
 
 thou to taste, to feeling dead ! 
 If neither Otho's dwarfish head, 
 
 Nor Libo's filthy gibe, 
 Nor Vettius' unwash'd feet ; if these 
 Thee nor Fuffecius can displease, 
 
 Thine old and hackney'd scribe. 
 
 Then, mighty emperor, once again 
 
 1 '11 pour forth my Iambic strain 
 
 Uncourtly, bold, and free : 
 Again shalt thou my truth condemn ; 
 And he, who will be friend to them, 
 
 Shall still be foe to me. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Mayst thou, though fond of all the vicious tribe, 
 May old Fuffitius too, thy hackney'd scribe, 
 At least detest vile Otho's shallow brain, 
 That vulgar upstart of the rabble train ! 
 May stinking Libo your displeasure share, 
 Whose unbathed feet the filthy brute declare ! 
 Fume on, proud monarch, as thou read'st this strain ; 
 It breathes but truth ; then fume, and read again. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 LV. INQUIRIES AFTER CAMERIUS. 
 
 Oh ! tell me, dear friend, if it can be reveal'd, 
 In what dark abode you are lying conceal'd ; 
 
 For I vainly have traversed of late 
 The campus, the libraries all, and above 
 The circus, the temple of thundering Jove, 
 
 And the gardens of Pompey the Great. 
 
 I question'd the damsels that roam'd through the place, 
 Whenever I met any fair one, whose face 
 Was bedeck'd in contentment and smiles ; 
 
CATULLUS. 217 
 
 " Restore me Camerius ! " I confident cried. 
 " Restore me Camerius ! nor venture to hide 
 Any more by your profligate wiles." 
 
 Then one of them laughing and wantonly said, 
 Who drew down her vest and her bosom display'd — 
 
 " Hidden here in these roses he lies : 
 But, ah ! 't were a labour Herculean to tear 
 Your friend from that seat ; for while revelling there, 
 
 He all friendship will proudly despise." 
 
 Then say where you are, whither going, I pray, 
 And boldly declare it in face of the day ; 
 
 If some snow-bosom'd fair one employs 
 Your moments in bliss, you by secrecy blight 
 The fruits of your love ; for to love 't is delight 
 
 To converse and to boast of its joys. 
 
 Or secret be still, if your pleasure it be : 
 But yet, oh ! preserve, I entreat it, for me 
 
 As of old, in your friendship a place ; 
 For if I were Talus, the guardian of Crete, 
 Or rode I the winds upon Pegasus fleet, 
 
 Or were Ladas, the first in the race. 
 
 Or could ], the sandals of Perseus obtain, 
 
 The speed with which Rhesus rush'd over the plain 
 
 When he urged on his horses of snow ; 
 The force and the lightness of all living things 
 That gods ever gifted with swiftness or wings 
 
 Of the winds when the fiercest they blow : 
 
 All these might be join'd in my body alone ; 
 Yet wearied and faint in each sinew and bone, 
 
 Every nerve, every limb I should be ; 
 And failing, and sinking, exhausted and lame, 
 Would languor eat up all the strength of my frame, 
 
 Camerius ! in searching for thee. Lamb. 
 
 LVI. TO CATO. 
 
 'Tis ridiculous, Cato, 'tis really droll ; 
 
 When you hear it, I 'm sure you will laugh from your soul : 
 
 Cato, laugh ! if to thee thy Catullus is dear ; 
 
 For 'tis droll and ridiculous past all compare : 
 
218 CATULLUS. 
 
 The fact is, this moment I caught my young blade 
 Just attempting to rifle an innocent maid : 
 Then, sweet Venus, if thou wilt not take it amiss, 
 I will find out the shaft that shall punish for this ! 
 
 Nott. 
 
 LVII. ON MAMURRA AND C^ISAR. 
 
 No debauchees were better pair'd 
 Than vile Mamurra and his lord ; 
 
 Nor can we think it strange ; 
 The Roman's and the Formian's name, 
 With equal infamy and shame 
 
 Deep stampt, no time can change. 
 
 Vicious alike one couch they press ; 
 A little learning both possess ; 
 
 Both rank adulterers are : 
 No debauchees were better pair'd 
 Than vile Mamurra and his lord, 
 
 Twin rivals of the fair. * Nott. 
 
 LVIII. LESBIA'S DISGRACE. 
 ADDRESSED TO CELDUS. 
 
 O Celius ! think, our Lesbia, once thy pride ; 
 
 Lesbia, that Lesbia whom Catullus prized 
 More than himself, and all the world beside, 
 
 Now gives for hire to profligates despised 
 In the dark alley, or the common lane, 
 The charms he loved, the love he sigh'd to gain ! Lamb. 
 
 LIX. ON RUFA. 
 
 Can that wretch of Bononia, can Rufa, mean soul ! 
 
 Can that vile wife of Menius, liufulus cajole? 
 
 She who haunted each burying-place, merely to steal 
 
 From the pile that was burning her infamous meal ; 
 
 Who from funeral flames as collecting her meat, 
 
 By the low-lived, half-shaved body-burners was beat. 
 
 Nott. 
 
CATULLUS. 219 
 
 LX. FRAGMENT. 
 
 Whence sprang that savage, that unfeeling mind ? 
 
 Art thou some offspring of the lion kind, 
 
 On scorching Libya's thirsty mountains born ; 
 
 Or from the womb of barking Scylla torn ? 
 
 That thus thou'rt deaf to all my urgent woes ; 
 
 heart too harden'd that no pity knows ! Nott. 
 
 LXI. EPITHALAMIUM 
 ON THE MARRIAGE OF MANLIUS AND JULIA. 
 
 thou, Urania's heaven-born son, 
 Whose loved abode is Helicon ; 
 Whose power bestows the virgin's charms 
 To bless the youthful bridegroom's arms ; 
 Hymen ! friend to faithful pairs : 
 O Hymen ! hear our fervent prayers ! 
 
 Around thy brow the chaplet bind, 
 Of fragrant marjoram entwined ; 
 And bring the veil with crimson dyed, 
 The refuge of the blushing bride. 
 Come, joyous, while thy feet of snow 
 With yellow sandals brightly glow ! 
 
 Arouse thee on this happy day ; 
 Carol the hymeneal lay ; 
 Raise in the strain thy silver voice, 
 And in the festal dance rejoice ; 
 And brandish high the blissful sign, 
 The guiding torch of flaming pine. 
 
 When Venus claim'd the golden prize, 
 And bless'd the Phrygian shepherd's eyes ; 
 No brighter charms his judgment sway'd 
 Than those that grace this mortal maid ; 
 And every sigh and omen fair 
 The nuptials hail, and greet the pair. 
 
220 C4TULLUS. 
 
 The myrtle 's sweet on Asia's ground, 
 Its branches fair with blossoms crown'd ; 
 Which oft the Hamadryad crew 
 In frolic nourish with the dew : 
 But not less fair, but not less sweet, 
 Her Manlius now does Julia meet. 
 
 Then hither speed thy course to take : 
 Awhile the Thespian hill forsake ; 
 Nor waste awhile the lingering hours 
 Reclining in Aonian bowers, 
 Where Aganippe's springing fount 
 Refreshes all the sacred mount. 
 
 Propitiate here the maiden's vows, 
 And lead her fondly to her spouse ; 
 And firm as ivy clinging holds 
 The tree it grasps in mazy folds, 
 Let virtuous love as firmly bind 
 The tender passions of her mind. 
 
 Ye virgins, whom a day like this 
 Awaits to greet with equal bliss, 
 Oh ! join the song, your voices raise 
 To hail the god ye love to praise. 
 Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ; 
 Hymen ! hear our earnest prayers ! 
 
 The god, who loves the pure, will hear 
 A virgin's prayer with willing ear, 
 Will swiftly to his office haste 
 To bless the fond, reward the chaste ; 
 The god, who ever feels delight 
 When virtuous hearts in love unite. 
 
 O ye ! who warmly, truly love ; 
 Invoke no other god above : 
 To none beside address your sighs 
 Of all enthroned amid the skies. 
 O Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ; 
 O Hymen ! hear our earnest prayers ! 
 
CATULLUS. 221 
 
 Invoked by sires, with anxious fear, 
 Their children's days with bliss to cheer ; 
 By maidens, who to thee alone 
 Unloose the chaste, the virgin zone ; 
 By fervid bridegrooms, whose delight 
 Is staid till thou hast blest the rite. 
 
 Thy influence tears, thy fond behes,t, 
 The damsel from her mother's breast ; 
 And yields her blooming, blushing charms 
 To fiery man's resistless arms. 
 O Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ; 
 Hymen ! hear our earnest prayers I 
 
 Though wanton Venus feed the flame ; 
 Nor grateful praise, nor virtuous fame 
 Can wait on those, who loose and free 
 Indulge a love unblest by thee. 
 What other god can mortals dare 
 With genial Hymen to compare ? 
 
 No house can boast a lengthen'd race ; 
 No heir can parents' honours grace ; 
 They serve to deck their tombs alone, 
 If parents' lives thy sway disown. 
 What other god can mortals dare 
 With genial Hymen to compare ? 
 
 In vain the son, if scorn'd thy band, 
 Seeks power or greatness in the land ; 
 If blest by thee his natal day, 
 The proudest realm may own his sway. 
 What other god can mortals dare 
 With genial Hymen to compare ? 
 
 Unbar the door, the gates unfold ! 
 The bashful virgin comes. — Behold, 
 How red the nuptial torches glare ; 
 How bright they shake their splendid hair ! 
 Come, gentle bride ! — The waning day 
 Rebukes thy lingering, cold delay. 
 
222 CATULLUS. 
 
 We will not blame thy bashful fears, 
 Reluctant step, and gushing tears, 
 That chide the swift approach of night 
 To give thy bridegroom all his right. 
 Yet come, sweet bride ! — The waning day 
 Rebukes thy lingering, cold delay. 
 
 Daughter of Cotta, cease to weep, 
 For love shall watch, and falsehood sleep. 
 The sun, at dawn that lifts his blaze 
 From ocean, and the world surveys, 
 Shall never look, shall never shine 
 On beauties that shall rival thine. 
 
 Thus blooms, amid the gay parterre* 
 Some wealthy owner's pride and care, 
 The hyacinth with colours proud, 
 The loveliest of the varied crowd. 
 Come, gentle bride ! — The waning day 
 Rebukes thy lingering, cold delay. 
 
 Then come, sweet bride, and bless thy spouse, 
 
 And sanction love by nuptial vows. 
 
 At length our friendly numbers hear : 
 
 The torches high their brilliance rear, 
 
 And richly shake with glowing pride 
 
 Their golden hair. — Then come, sweet bride ! 
 
 No profligate, no faithless swain, 
 No follower of the wanton train, 
 No rake, who joys in wild excess, 
 Now woos thee to his warm caress. 
 He ne'er will taste of welcome rest, 
 But pillow'd on thy tender breast. 
 
 As round the husband elm entwine 
 The tendrils of the clinging vine, 
 Thus will he woo thee still to place 
 Round him a fondling close embrace. 
 Come, gentle bride !-*— The waning day 
 Rebukes thy lingering, cold delay. 
 
CATULLUS. 223 
 
 O festal couch ! with garlands sweet, 
 What joys thy happy lord will greet ! 
 What joys in many a sleepless night ! 
 What joys in day's inspiring light ! 
 Come, gentle bride ! — The waning day 
 Rebukes thy lingering, cold delay. 
 
 Raise, boys, the beaming torches high ! 
 She comes — but veil'd from every eye ; 
 The deeper dyes her blushes hide : 
 With songs, with poeans greet the bride ! 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Now pour the warm Fescennine lays, 
 And all the bridegroom's passion raise : 
 Now let his pure, his plighted hand 
 Throw nuts to all the youthful band, 
 Base emblems of the looser joys 
 He henceforth leaves to wanton boys. 
 
 Throw, bridegroom, throw thy nuts away ! 
 Enough in joy's voluptuous day 
 Hast thou beguiled thy youthful time ; 
 But now thy manhood's riper prime 
 Let pure, let bless'd Thalassus sway : 
 Then throw thy mystic nuts away. 
 
 'Tis whisper'd, that the wanton's charms 
 
 Will yet allure thee to her arms : 
 
 Oh ! let no shameless rival's pride 
 
 Degrade and pain thy gentle bride. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Unloved, unwedded youths and boys 
 
 May freely sport in wanton joys : 
 
 Let him, that's blest by wedlock's rite, 
 
 In wedlock seek his sole delight. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
224 CATULLUS. 
 
 And let no coldness damp his fire, 
 
 Fair bride, nor coyness check desire. 
 
 Oh ! make his heart less sweet confess 
 
 All lawless love, than thy caress. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Riches, and power, and rank, and state, 
 With Manlius' love thy days await : 
 These all thy youth shall proudly cheer, 
 And these shall nurse thy latest year. 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Till dotage, with enfeebling sway, 
 
 Shall tremble in thy temples grey ; 
 
 And shake the brow, as if it meant 
 
 To nod perpetual assent. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Let not the threshold, omen blest ! 
 
 Be with thy golden slipper prest ; 
 
 But swiftly spring with lightness o'er, 
 
 And swiftly pass the polish'd door. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 See, on the Tyrian couch reclining, 
 
 The bridegroom for thy summons pining : 
 
 By thee are all his senses fired ; 
 
 By thee is all his frame inspired. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 As warm as thine, his passion's heat, 
 As strong his rapturous pulses beat ; 
 Nay, fiercer flames must still pervade 
 The bridegroom than the timid maid. 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
CATULLUS. 225 
 
 Purple-robed boy, whose pleasing care 
 
 Has been to lead the lingering fair, 
 
 Release her arm : — By others led 
 
 She now ascends the bridal bed. 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Ye chaster matrons, who have known 
 One honour'd husband's love alone, 
 Of truth in years long virtuous tried, 
 'Tis yours to place the lovely bride. 
 Hail, Hymen ! god of faithful pairs ! 
 Hail, Hymen ! who hast heard our prayers ! 
 
 Now haste, young bridegroom, swiftly haste ; 
 The bride is in the chamber placed : 
 Inspiring blushes warmly streak 
 The fairness of her snowy cheek. 
 So mix'd with poppies' crimson glow 
 The white parthenium's flow'rets blow. 
 
 Nor is thy form, by heaven above ! 
 
 Unworthy such a fair one's love. 
 
 Venus in rival charms array'd 
 
 The manly youth and tender maid. 
 
 Haste, bridegroom, haste ! — One western ray, 
 
 Still faintly lingering, chides delay. 
 
 Needs not to chide ; thou swift hast sped. 
 Propitious Venus bless thy bed ! 
 For sanction' d passion, solemn rites, 
 On thee bestow thy wish'd delights : 
 Not lust perverted, shame supprest, 
 The pure desires that warm thy breast. 
 
 Whoe'er the number would define 
 Of sports and joys that shall be thine, 
 He first must count the grains of sand 
 That spread the Erythraean strand, 
 And every star and twinkling light 
 That stud the glistening arch of night. 
 
 Q 
 
226 CATULLUS. 
 
 Oh ! boundless be your love's excess, 
 And soon our hopes let children bless ! 
 Let not this ancient honour'd name 
 Want heirs to guard its future fame ; 
 Nor any length of years assign 
 A limit to the glorious line. 
 
 Soon may we see a baby rest 
 Upon its lovely mother's breast ; 
 Which, feebly playful, stretching out 
 Its little arms to those about, 
 With lips apart a tiny space, 
 Is laughing in its father's face. 
 
 Let young Torquatus' look avow 
 
 All Manlius' features in his brow ; 
 
 That those, who know him not, may trace 
 
 The knowledge of his noble race ; 
 
 And by his lineal brow declare 
 
 His lovely mother chaste as fair. 
 
 Then shall maternal virtue claim 
 As splendid praise, as pure a name 
 To deck her child, as erst was known 
 To young Telemachus alone, 
 Whom, then of all most fair and chaste, 
 Penelope with honour graced. 
 
 Now close the doors, ye maiden friends ; 
 
 Our sports, our rite, our service ends. 
 
 With you let virtue still reside, 
 
 O bridegroom brave, and gentle bride ! 
 
 And youth its lusty hours employ 
 
 In constant love and ardent joy. Lamb. 
 
 LXII. THE BRIDAL SONG. 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 'Tis Hesper beams ! — Behold his rising light 
 Brings on, at length, the long-expected night. 
 Then, youths, arise ; the festal banquet leave, 
 Obey the summons of the star of eve ! 
 
CATULLUS. 227 
 
 The virgin comes, led by his genial ray ; 
 *Tis yours to greet her with the nuptial lay. 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 MAIDENS. 
 
 Behold, the youths are ris'n ! — Rise, maidens, rise ; 
 Hesper o'er Eta's height illumes the skies. 
 Blithe are the youths ; with tuneful art they frame 
 A tender song, that to surpass were fame. 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Not to an easy conquest we aspire ; 
 Mark with what studious zeal the lovely quire 
 Polish their lay ; nor will the care be vain, 
 Fame long shall cherish their harmonious strain. 
 Our minds, while verse should be their only care, 
 Still muse enraptured on th' attendant fair ; 
 Heedless how wild the measure flows along, 
 Our ears still dwell on their entrancing song. 
 We shall be justly conquer 'd. Victory wise 
 On zeal and labour still bestows her prize. 
 At least, then, rally all our mental powers, 
 And let the palm of poetry be ours. 
 They sing — let us then pour responsive lays, 
 Repel their chiding or return their praise. 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 MAIDENS. 
 
 Hesper, whose fatal splendour flames on high, 
 Most cruel star of all that stud the sky ! 
 Who still art prompt, while no remorse can check, 
 To tear the daughter from her mother's neck, 
 E'en while that daughter clinging begs delay ; 
 And give to man her chastity a prey. 
 What blacker deed do brutal victors act 
 In cities doom'd by vengeance to be sack'd ? 
 Yet, Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 q 2 
 
228 CATULLUS. 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Hesper, most blissful star of all above, 
 Thy torch still ratifies the bond of love. 
 Long since their sires the sacred compact made, 
 Long since their youthful hearts the call obey'd. 
 Yet still their ardent breasts apart have sigh'd, 
 Till thy kind light would bless the knot they tied. 
 What god can give, what proud celestial power, 
 A richer boon than thy connubial hour ? 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 MAIDENS. 
 
 Hesper, sweet maids, hath from us dared to rend 
 A childish playmate and a youthful friend. 
 Guards, star of ill ! at thy appearing light, 
 Watch for the various plunderers of the night : 
 Then prowl, when bright thy favouring beams above, 
 Seduction, ravishment, and lawless love ; 
 Till changed thy task, thy renovated ray, 
 As morning's star forewarns them of the day. 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Hear not the maids who these reproaches feign, 
 Their secret breasts adore thine amorous reign. 
 Shine still serene ! then, Hesper, proudly shine. 
 Nor heed their words, whose hearts are wholly thine. 
 O Hymen hear ! sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 MAIDENS. 
 
 When in the garden's fenced and cultured ground, 
 Where browse no flocks, where ploughshares never wound, 
 By sunbeams strengthen^!, nourish'd by the shower, 
 And sooth'd by zephyr, blooms the lovely flower : 
 Maids long to place it in their modest zone, 
 And youths enraptured wish it for their own. 
 But, from the stem once pluck'd, in dust it lies, 
 Nor youth nor maid will then desire or prize. 
 The virgin thus her blushing beauty rears, 
 Loved by her kindred and her young compeers ; 
 
CATULLUS. 229 
 
 But, if her simple charm, her maiden grace, 
 Is sullied by one spoiler's rude embrace, 
 Adoring youths no more her steps attend, 
 Nor loving maidens greet the maiden friend. 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 As in the naked field the vine's weak shoot 
 
 Nor lifts its languid stem, nor glows with fruit ; 
 
 But by itself weigh'd down it lowly strays, 
 
 And on its root its highest tendril lays : 
 
 The herdsmen then, the passing hinds, neglect 
 
 The lonely vine, nor cherish, nor protect. 
 
 If by some happy chance its feeble boughs 
 
 Twined round the trunk shall make the elm a spouse ; 
 
 No herdsmen then, nor passing hinds, neglect 
 
 The wedded vine, but cherish and protect. 
 
 So scorn'd the maid, who flies the fond embrace, 
 
 And withering adds no honours to her race. 
 
 So is the fail* beloved, who binds her fate 
 
 In wedlock chaste to some accordant mate : 
 
 She gives the joys that warm her husband's breast, 
 
 And doting parents by her bliss are blest. 
 
 YOUTHS AND MAIDENS. 
 
 Then, gentle maiden, shun no more the spouse 
 
 To whom thy father pledged thy bridal vows. 
 
 If thou hast loved as daughters should, obey 
 
 The latest dictate of parental sway. 
 
 Thou must thy timid wish to his resign ; 
 
 Nor is thy chastity entirely thine ; 
 
 Thy parents gave it thee with life and light ; 
 
 Part is thy father's, part thy mother's right. 
 
 They to thy bridegroom yielded with his bride 
 
 Her filial duty and her maiden pride. 
 
 Then yield, nor damp by chill reluctant shame 
 
 Thy parents' wishes and thy lover's flame. 
 
 O Hymen, hear ! O sacred Hymen, haste ; 
 
 Come, god and guardian of the fond and chaste. Lamb. 
 
230 CATULLUS. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 A YOUTH. 
 
 Vesper ascends : ye youths ! together rise : 
 Eve's long-expected star has gilt the skies. 
 Rise, leave the feast ; the bride will soon appear ; 
 The bridal song be sung : O Hymen, Hymen, hear ! 
 
 A VIRGIN, 
 
 Mark ye the youths ? to face them, maidens, rise ; 
 Night-shedding Hesper lights the spangled skies : 
 Look up ; 'tis so ; and saw ye how their throng 
 Sprang forth ? nor idly : soon to raise the song : 
 Let us in rival strain surpass the lay : 
 Hymen, Hymen, bless the wedding day ! 
 
 A YOUTH. 
 
 Arduous the palm of strife : oh, friends ! be strong : 
 
 For see yon maidens muse some mutter'd song : 
 
 Nor idly muse : some memorable lay ; 
 
 While we our ears and thoughts have turn'd away : 
 
 We merit shame, since victory favours care : 
 
 Yet now your parts with emulation bear : 
 
 'Tis theirs to speak : let us responses frame ! 
 
 O Hymen, Hymen, bless the marriage flame \ 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 Hesper ! knows heaven a star like thee severe, 
 That tear'st the maiden from her mother dear ? 
 The ling'ring maiden from her mother's arms, 
 And yield'st some fervid youth her spotless charms ; 
 What wrongs more fierce can cities storm'd display ! 
 Come, Hymen, hither ! Hymen, grace the day ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 Hesper ! what star more joyous shines above ? 
 Thy flames confirm the plighted troth of love : 
 By covenants of men, of parents seal'd, 
 Thy dawn alone the wish'd embrace can yield : 
 What hour can gods bestow more wish'd than this ? 
 Come, Hymen, hither ! crown the hour of bliss ! 
 
CATULLUS. 231 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 Alas, companions ! Hesper's dawning ray- 
 Has stolen a playmate of our sports away. 
 Oh, dreaded star ! how many sentries wait 
 At thy pale glance to watch the guarded gate ! 
 Through nightly shades the stealthy robbers rove, 
 The soft, th' insidious ravishers of love : 
 And oft, as Lucifer, from morning skies 
 Does thy pale gleam their hairbreadth 'scapes surprise. 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 This, Hesper ! is th' unwedded fair one's joy : 
 To rail on thee who dost her thoughts employ. 
 What if their railing be a trick of art, 
 And him they flout, they worship in their heart ? 
 They long for him whom prudishly they chide, 
 Hymen, Hymen, at this hour preside ! 
 
 VIRGINS. 
 
 As in fenced gardens blows some floweret rare, 
 Safe from the nibbling flock, or griding share : 
 Which gales refresh, sun strengthens, rain-drops rear, 
 To many a youth and many a maiden dear : 
 Clipt by the nail, it bends the stem and fades : 
 No more by youths admired, or wish'd by maids ; 
 So loved the unpolluted virgin blooms ; 
 But when the blighting touch her flower consumes, 
 No more she charms the youth, or charms the maid. 
 Come, Hymen, Hymen, give the nuptials aid ! 
 
 YOUTHS. 
 
 As on the naked field the lonely vine 
 Yields no sweet grape, nor lifts its tendril twine : 
 Droops with its weight, and winds its tendril shoots 
 With earthward bend around their twisted roots, 
 Nor herd nor peasant, in the noon-day heat, 
 Beneath its chequer'd, bow'ry shade retreat : 
 But if it clasp some elm with married leaves, 
 Its shade the peasant and the herd receives : 
 Such is the virgin who untouch'd remains, 
 While still unwoo'd her useless beauty wanes. 
 
232 CATULLUS. 
 
 But wedded in her bloom, those charms delight 
 Her husband's eyes, nor shame her parents' sight. 
 
 YOUTHS AND VIRGINS. 
 
 Resist not fiercely, virgin ! — but obey 
 
 Thy mother, father : thy betrothers they : 
 
 Not thine thy virgin flower : a part is theirs : 
 
 Thy sire a third ; a third thy mother shares ; 
 
 A third thy own : then struggle not, coy maid ! 
 
 For in thy bridegroom both are disobeyed : 
 
 They with thy dower have yielded every right. 
 
 Come, Hymen, Hymen, bless the marriage night ! Elton. 
 
 LXIII. ATYS. 
 
 Borne swiftly o'er the seas to Phrygia's woody strand, 
 Atys with rapid haste infuriate leap'd to land ; 
 Where high-inwoven groves in solemn darkness meet, 
 Rush'd to the mighty deity's remote and awful seat, 
 And wilder'd in his brain, fierce inspiration's prey, 
 There with a broken flint he struck his sex away. 
 
 Soon as he then beheld his comely form unmann'd, 
 While yet the purple blood flow'd reeking on the land ; 
 Seized in his snowy grasp the drum, the timbrel light, 
 That still is heard, dread Cybele, at thine initiate rite, 
 And struck the quivering skin, whence hollow echoes flew, 
 And raised this panting song to his infuriate crew. 
 
 " Ye priests of Cybele, or rather let me say, 
 
 For ye are men no longer, ye priestesses, away ! 
 
 Together pierce the forest, great Cybele's domains, 
 
 Ye vagrant flocks of her on Dindymus who reigns. 
 
 Ye, like devoted exiles, who, seeking foreign lands, 
 
 Have follow'd me your leader, have bow'd to my commands ; 
 
 Have cross'd the salt-sea wave, have dared the raging storms, 
 
 And, loathing woman's love, unmann'd your lusty forms ; 
 
 The sense of error past let laughing frenzy blind ; 
 
 Let doubt, let thought itself be driven from the mind. 
 
 Haste, haste, together haste to Cybele divine ! 
 
 Seek we her Phrygian grove and dark sequester'd shrine, 
 
CATULLUS. 233 
 
 Where c} r mbals clash, where drums resound their deepening 
 
 tone, 
 Where Phrygia's crooked pipe breathes out its solemn drone, 
 Where votaresses toss their ivy-circled brows, 
 And urge with piercing yells their consecrated vows, 
 Where the delirious train disport as chance may lead : 
 Thither our vows command in mystic dance to speed." 
 
 Thus Atys, female now, to female comrades sung. 
 
 The frantic chorus rose from many a panting tongue ; 
 
 Re-echoes the deep timbrel, the hollow cymbals ring, 
 
 And all to verdant Ida run madly as they sing. 
 
 Though breathless, still impetuous with inspiration's force, 
 
 Raving and bewilder'd, scarce conscious of her course, 
 
 As the unbroken heifer will fly the threaten'd yoke, 
 
 Atys through gloomy woods, where never sun -beam broke, 
 
 Loud-striking the light timbrel, rush'd on with bounding stride, 
 
 And all the frantic priestesses pursue their rapid guide. 
 
 The fearful fane at length their panting ardour stops, 
 
 Each, faint and unrefresh'd, in leaden slumber drops. 
 
 In languor most profound their eyelids are deprest, 
 
 And all ecstatic rage is lull'd in torpid rest. 
 
 But when again the sun returning to the skies 
 
 Put forth his golden brow, when now his radiant eyes 
 
 Throughout white heaven, and earth, and ocean pour'd their 
 
 light, 
 And with thunder-pacing steeds he chased the shades of night, 
 Sleep then leaving Atys, who started from her rest, 
 To fair Pasithea fled, and sunk upon her breast. 
 When slumber's reign serene had frenzy's flame subdued ; 
 When Atys her fell deed in clearer reason view'd, 
 Beheld in what abode her future lot was placed, 
 And, ah ! how low she stood in nature's rank disgraced ; 
 Then, hurried to despair by passion's rising tide, 
 Again she wildly sought the country's sea-girt side ; 
 There, casting her full eyes o'er boundless ocean's flow, 
 Address'd her native land in plaintive words of woe. 
 
 " My country, oh my mother ! creatress, parent earth ! 
 My country, oh my nurse that fed me from my birth ! 
 From whom, as churlish slaves their kindly lord have fled, 
 To Ida's gloomy wood an exile I have sped, 
 
234 
 
 CATULLUS. 
 
 With beasts their frozen dens for my abode to share, 
 And madly roaming rouse the fierce one from his lair. 
 Ah ! where, in what far point of this surrounding sky, 
 Shall I now deem, my native land, thy loved shores lie ? 
 My longing eyeballs strain to cast their sight to thee, 
 While yet awhile my mind is from its frenzy free. 
 Must I for dreary woods forsake my native shore, 
 And see my friends, my home, my parents never more ? 
 No more the Forum seek, the gay Palestra's court, 
 The Stadium, urge no more each famed gymnastic sport ? 
 O wretched, wretched man ! while years shall slowly roll 
 For ever o'er and o'er again, grieve, grieve, my soul ! 
 
 " What grace, what beauty is there, that I did not enjoy ? 
 
 I, when in manhood's prime, a youth, or yet a boy, 
 
 The flower of all who trod the firm gymnastic soil, 
 
 The victor 'mid the crowd who wore the wrestler's oil. 
 
 My gates were ever throng'd, and full my threshold swarm'd ; 
 
 With blooming garlands hung, that lovesick maidens form'd ; 
 
 My mansion gaily glitter'd each morning as I sped 
 
 At earliest blush of sunrise with lightness from my bed. 
 
 " And must I ever now a maniac votaress rave, 
 Heaven's devoted handmaid, to Cybele a slave, 
 Her frantic orgies ply, disgraced in nature's plan, 
 A part of what I was, a maim'd, a barren man ; 
 And dwell in Ida's caves which snow for ever chills ; 
 And pass my savage life on Phrygia's rugged hills, 
 Placed with the sylvan stag, the forest-ranging boar ? 
 Oh ! now how soon I rue the deed, how bitterly deplore ! " 
 
 As from her rosy lips these wandering murmurs broke, 
 
 They rose to heaven and bore th' unwonted words she spoke : 
 
 Indignantly unyoking her lions on the plain, 
 
 And rousing the grim beast that bore the left-hand rein, 
 
 Great Cybele, enraged, her dread injunction told ; 
 
 And thus to fury waked the tyrant of the fold. 
 
 " Haste, fierce one, haste away ! rush on with glaring ire ; 
 With inspiration's rage, with frenzy's goad of fire, 
 Drive the too-daring youth, who would my service fly, 
 Again to seek the gloom of yonder forest high. 
 
CATULLUS. 235 
 
 Haste : lash thyself to rage till all thy flank be sore : 
 
 Let all around re-echo to thine appalling roar : 
 
 Toss with thy sinewy neck on high thy glossy mane." 
 
 So spake terrific Cybele, and loosed her lion's rein. 
 
 Gladly the beast awakes his ruthlessness of mind, 
 
 Bounds, rages, reckless leaves the thicket crush'd behind, 
 
 Then swiftly gain'd the beach, wash'd by the foamy flood, 
 
 Where Atys in despair amid the breakers stood, 
 
 And springing fiercely forth — the wretch, no longer brave, 
 
 Into the forest plunged, and in a living grave 
 
 There pass'd her long devoted life, a priestess and a slave. 
 
 O great, O fearful goddess ! O Cybele divine ! 
 O goddess, who hast placed on Dindymus thy shrine ! 
 Far be from my abode thy sacred frenzy's fire, 
 Madden more willing votaries, more daring minds inspire ! 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Atts o'er the distant waters, driving in his rapid bark, 
 Soon with foot of wild impatience touch'd the Phrygian forest 
 
 dark, 
 Where amid the awful shades possess'd by mighty Cybele, 
 In his zealous frenzy blind, 
 And wand'ring in his hapless mind, 
 With flinty knife he gave to earth the weights that stamp 
 
 virility. 
 Then as the widow'd being saw its wretched limbs bereft of 
 
 man, 
 And the unaccustom'd blood that on the ground polluting ran, 
 With snowy hand it snatch'd in haste the timbrel's airy 
 
 round on high, 
 That opens with the trumpet's blast, thy rites, Maternal 
 
 Mystery ; 
 And upon its whirling fingers, while the hollow parchment 
 
 rung, 
 Thus in outcry tremulous to its wild companions sung : — 
 
 "Now come along, come along with me, 
 
 Worshippers of Cybele, 
 
 To the lofty groves of the deity ! 
 
236 CATULLUS. 
 
 Ye vagabond herds that bear the name 
 
 Of the Dindymenian dame ! 
 Who seeking strange lands, like the banish'd of home, 
 With Atys, with Atys distractedly roam ; 
 Who your limbs have unmann'd in a desperate hour, 
 With a frantic disdain of the Cyprian power ; 
 Who have earned my sect through the dreadful salt sea, 
 Rouse, rouse your wild spirits careeringly ! 
 
 No delay, no delay, 
 
 But together awa}', 
 And follow me up to the Dame all-compelling, 
 To her high Phrygian groves, and her dark Phrygian 
 
 dwelling, 
 Where the cymbals they clash, and the drums they resound, 
 And the Phrygian's curved pipe pours its moanings around ; 
 Where the ivy-crown'd priestesses toss with their brows, 
 And send the shrill howl through their deity's house ; 
 Where they shriek, and they scour, and they madden about, — 
 "Tis there we go bounding in mystical rout." 
 
 No sooner had spoken 
 This voice half-broken, 
 When suddenly from quivering tongues arose the universal cry. 
 The timbrels with a boom resound, the cymbals with a clash 
 
 reply, 
 And up the verdant Ida with a quicken'd step the chorus flew, 
 While Atys with the timbrels' smite the terrible procession 
 
 drew ; 
 Raging, panting, wild, and witless, through the sullen shades 
 
 it broke, 
 Like the fierce, unconquer'd heifer bursting from her galling 
 
 yoke; 
 And on pursue the sacred crew, till at the door of Cybele, 
 Faint and fasting, down they sink, in pale immovability : 
 The heavy sleep — the heavy sleep — grows o'er their failing 
 
 eyes, 
 And lock'd in dead repose the rabid frenzy lies. 
 But when the Sun look'd out with eyes of light 
 Round the firm earth, wild seas, and skies of morning white, 
 Scaring the lingering shades 
 With echo-footed steeds, 
 
CATULLUS. 23' 
 
 Sleep took his flight from Atys, hurrying 
 
 To his Pasithea's arms on tremulous wing ; 
 
 And the poor dreamer woke, oppress'd with sadness, 
 
 To memory woke and to collected madness. — 
 
 Struck with its loss, with what it was, and where, 
 
 Back trod the wretched being in despair 
 
 To the sea-shore, and stretching forth its eye 
 
 O'er the wide waste of waters and of sky, 
 
 Thus to its country cried with tears of misery : — 
 
 " My country, oh my country, parent state, 
 
 Whom like a very slave and runagate, 
 
 Wretch that I am, I left for wilds like these, 
 
 This wilderness of snows and matted trees, 
 
 To house with shivering beasts and learn their wants, 
 
 A fierce intruder on their sullen haunts, — 
 
 Where shall I fancy thee ? Where cheat mine eye 
 
 With tricking out thy quarter in the sky ? 
 
 Fain, while my wits a little space are free, 
 
 Would my poor eye-balls strain their points on thee ! 
 
 Am I then torn from home and far away ! 
 
 Doorn'd through these woods to trample day by day, 
 
 Far from my kindred friends and native soil, 
 
 The mall, the race, and wrestlers bright with oil ? 
 
 Ah wretch, bewail, bewail ; and think for this 
 
 On all thy past variety of bliss. 
 
 I was the charm of li%, the social spring, 
 
 First in the race, and brightest in the ring : 
 
 Warm with the stir of welcome was my home ; 
 
 And when I rose betimes, my friends would come 
 
 Smiling and pressing in officious scores, 
 
 Thick as the flowers that hang at lovers' doors : — 
 
 And shall I then a minist'ring madman be 
 
 To angry gods ? A howling devotee ? — 
 
 A slave to bear what never senses can, — 
 
 Half of myself, sexless, — a sterile man ? 
 
 And must I feel, with never-varied woes, 
 
 The o'erhanging winter of these mountain snows, 
 
 Skulking through ghastly woods for evermore, 
 
 Like the lean stag, or the brute vagrant boar ? 
 
238 CATULLUS. 
 
 Ah me ! ah me ! Already I repent ; 
 
 E'en now, e'en now I feel my shame and punishment ! " 
 
 As thus with rosy lips the wretch grew loud, 
 
 Startling the ears of heaven's imperial crowd, 
 
 The Mighty Mistress o'er her lion yoke 
 
 Bow'd in her wrath, — and loosening as she spoke 
 
 The left-hand savage, scatterer of herds, 
 
 Roused his fell nature with impetuous words. 
 
 " Fly, ruffian, fly, indignant and amain, 
 
 And scare this being, who resists my reign, 
 
 Back to the horror-breathing woods again. 
 
 Lash thee, and fly and shake with sinewy might 
 
 Thine ireful hair, and as at dead of night 
 
 Fill the wild echoes with rebellowing fright."" 
 
 Threatening she spoke, and loosed the vengeance dire, 
 
 Who gathering all his rage and glaring fire, 
 
 Starts with a roar, and scours beneath her eyes, 
 
 Scattering the splinter'd bushes as he flies : 
 
 Down by the sea he spies the wretch at last, 
 
 And springs precipitous : — the wretch as fast, 
 
 Flies raving back into his living grave, 
 
 And there for ever dwells, a savage and a slave 
 
 O goddess ! Mistress. Cybele ! dread name ! 
 
 O mighty power ! O Dindymenian dame ! 
 
 Far from my home thy visitations be : 
 
 Drive others mad, not me : + 
 
 Drive others into impulse wild, and fierce insanity. 
 
 Leigh Hunt. 
 
 LXIV. THE NUPTIALS OF PELEUS AND THETIS. 
 
 When erst the pines, hewn from the towering wood 
 On Pelion's summit, swam o'er Neptune's flood 
 Far as the streams of Phasis, and the land 
 Aetes ruled : what time the daring band, 
 The chosen strength of all the youth of Greece, 
 Resolved to plunder Colchos of its fleece, 
 In their swift vessel braved the salt domain, 
 And swept with oars of fir its azure plain ; 
 
CATULLUS. 239 
 
 (For them the goddess, whose proud empire frowns 
 From lofty citadels o'er vassal towns, 
 Form'd the light chariot that from every blast 
 Collects its vigour till it flies as fast ; 
 Fix'd to the crooked keel the knitted trees, 
 And bade them first profane the virgin seas.) 
 Soon as its beak the turbid billows clove, 
 And with the wreathing foam the steerage strove ; 
 Strange forms arose amid the tossing spray, 
 Sea-Nereids wondering at the monster's way. 
 For two succeeding suns the gallant crew, 
 (A sight before unknown to human view,) 
 With breasts exposed above the liquid plain, 
 Beheld the naked daughters of the main. 
 Then Peleus first with love for Thetis burn'd, 
 Nor Thetis then a mortal bridegroom spurn'd ; 
 Then Jove himself, to whom all nature bows, 
 Deem'd Peleus worthy a celestial spouse. 
 
 Oh ! born in that proud day, that age of earth 
 Most blest, hail, heroes ! hail, of heavenly birth ! 
 Hail, mighty bark, that like a mother bore 
 The living host enwomb'd from shore to shore ! 
 Ye I '11 invoke ; ye shall my verse address ; 
 And Peleus, thee, whom glorious spousals bless, 
 Thessalia's shield, to whom all-powerful Jove 
 Yielded the fair himself had sought with love : 
 Thetis, of all the offspring of the sea 
 The loveliest nymph, bestows her love on thee ; 
 Ocean, who earth encircles with his tide, 
 And Tethys, give their grandchild as thy bride. 
 
 At length the weary interval was spent 
 'Twixt love's avowal and its full content. 
 Thessalia's crowds with gifts the palace s«ek, 
 And looks of greater joy than words can speak. 
 The throng from Tempe's vale, from Scyros roams, 
 From Cranon's turrets and Larissa's homes, 
 And seek from every side the rich Pharsalian domes. 
 The earth 's untill'd, the bullock's callous throat, 
 Free from the yoke, regains its softer coat : 
 
240 CATULLUS. 
 
 The lowly vineyard knows no weeding rakes, 
 
 Nor ox with sloping share the furrow breaks : 
 
 No primer lops the trees' encumbering boughs, 
 
 And rust grows thick on the neglected ploughs. 
 
 But through the halls of Peleus' vast abode 
 
 Pale silver shone, or gold more warmly glow'd ; 
 
 Thrones white with ivory, tables rich with plate ; 
 
 The dome all gladden'd with its regal state. 
 
 'Twas in the central chamber had been spread 
 
 For her, the bride divine, the nuptial bed ; 
 
 Of Indian ivory form'd, it shunn'd the eye, 
 
 Yeil'd by its covering of the crimson dye. 
 
 On that were pictured men and times of old, 
 
 And wondrous art the deeds of heroes told. 
 
 There Ariadne, whose distracted soul 
 
 Felt every passion that defies control, 
 
 From Dia's coast, where foaming billows beat, 
 
 On Theseus gazed and his receding fleet. 
 
 She scarce believes, though sleep beguiles no more, 
 
 Though waking sense beholds the lonely shore, 
 
 That she, so lately to her Theseus dear, 
 
 Can be the wretched maid forsaken here. 
 
 But he, the treacherous youth, spreads all his sails, 
 
 And gives his vows of love to passing gales. 
 
 Him Minos' daughter, left to weep alone, 
 
 Like some wild Bacchant's form in sculptured stone, 
 
 Looks on afar from ocean's barren side, 
 
 While anguish heaves her with its silent tide. 
 
 No more the fillet wreaths her locks of gold ; 
 
 Her snowy bosom no light garments fold, 
 
 Nor the thin laces of the girdle bind 
 
 Her swelling breast that scarce will be confined : 
 
 Before her feet the scatter'd vestments fall, 
 
 And restless surf is sporting with them all. 
 
 She nor her fillet heeds, nor floating vest : 
 
 Theseus, on thee alone her turbid breast, 
 
 Her tearful eyes, her thoughts are all engrost, 
 
 And every sense is in thy falsehood lost. 
 
 Ah ! how thy mind was madden'd, hapless fair ! 
 By the keen woes that Venus planted there, 
 
CATULLUS. 241 
 
 When cruel Theseus from th' Athenian road 
 
 Sail'd to proud Crete, thy tyrant sire's abode. 
 
 For Athens, forced by pestilence's reign 
 
 To dire atonement for Androgeus slain, 
 
 Took from her sons the glories of the race, 
 
 Cull'd from her virgin train the flower and grace, 
 
 And to the Minotaur desponding bore 
 
 Recurring banquets on her native gore. 
 
 When Theseus learnt his noble country's woes, 
 
 Peril and painful death he rather chose, 
 
 Than still to see from Athens sadly led 
 
 These woeful funerals of the living dead. 
 
 Swiftly with pleasant gales his vessel gain'd 
 
 The sea-girt realm where awful Minos reign'd ; 
 
 There with enraptured eyes the royal maid, 
 
 There Ariadne first his form survey'd. 
 
 Her bed yet breathed its fragrance o'er her charms 
 
 To lull them chastely in a mother's arms, 
 
 Pure as the myrtle on Eurotas' side 
 
 That draws its limpid nurture from the tide, 
 
 Or as the flower, whose varied colours blow 
 
 Warm'd by the breath of spring with all their glow. 
 
 Now, ere she turn'd away her doting sight, 
 
 Her eyes were glistening with impassion'd light ; 
 
 Her breast was heated with the fiercest flame, 
 
 And springing pulses throbb'd o'er all her frame. 
 
 maddener of the mind ! immortal boy, 
 
 Whose power still blends with woe our richest joy ! 
 
 O beauty's goddess ! celestial queen 
 
 Of Golgos rugged and Idalia green ! 
 
 With what wild storms ye toss'd that virgin's breast, 
 
 Who sigh'd whene'er she met the fair-hair'd guest ! 
 
 What chilling terror made her heart-blood cold ; 
 
 How sicklier far her cheek than pallid gold, 
 
 When Theseus, burning the fell brute to tame, 
 
 Sought instant death or everlasting fame ! 
 
 Rich gifts in secret to the gods she vow'd 
 
 To gain the wish she dared not breathe aloud : 
 
 Those pious offerings could another save, 
 
 But vainly sought the bliss of her who gave. 
 
242 CATULLUS. 
 
 For as the whirlwind hurls from Taurus' brow 
 
 The oak, and twists like reeds each giant bough, 
 
 Or thick with cones the oozy pine will tear ; 
 
 And whirl the massive trunk aloft in air : 
 
 Far from the broken roots it falls to ground, 
 
 And scatters crashing devastation round : 
 
 So Theseus down the ponderous monster cast. 
 
 Who vainly raging gored the passing blast. 
 
 Thence back the victor bent his cautious tread, 
 
 Led through the labyrinth by a slender thread, 
 
 Which mark'd those tortuous paths, that thought in vain 
 
 Had toil'd to trace, or memory to retain. 
 
 But why in long digression need I tell 
 
 The further fortune that the fair befell ? 
 
 Who from a sister's arms, a father's eye, 
 
 And e'en a mother's dear embrace could fly, 
 
 (Ah ! mother doom'd with flowing tears to moan !) 
 
 And gave up all for Theseus' love alone. 
 
 Nor need I tell, how the swift vessel bore 
 
 The pair to Dia's isle ; how from that shore 
 
 The traitor fled, while sleep her eyelids prest, 
 
 And lull'd her senses in unkindly rest. 
 
 Then, as with burning pangs she madly grieved, 
 
 Oft piercing shrieks her bursting heart relieved : 
 
 Often she climb'd the craggy cliff to gain 
 
 A larger prospect o'er the boundless main ; 
 
 Then rush'd, her ankles naked to the breeze, 
 
 Amid the breakers of repelling seas, 
 
 And there with half-drawn sighs, and moanings faint, 
 
 And streaming eyes, pour'd forth this wild complaint. 
 
 " And hast thou, Theseus, on this desert strand 
 
 Left her, who fled for thee my native land ; 
 
 And has thy double perfidy beguiled 
 
 The trusting father to betray the child ? 
 
 Darest thou, in scorn of heaven's attested host, 
 
 Bear fated perjury to thy native coast ? 
 
 Could nothing check the deed thy soul design'd ; 
 
 Did rising pity never touch thy mind ; 
 
 Nor e'er thy bosom to itself pourtray 
 
 Those burning pangs that now make mine their prey ? 
 
CATULLUS. 243 
 
 Xot these thy promises so fondly vow'd, 
 When all affections to thine accent bow'd : 
 Thou never bad'st me hope a fate like this, 
 But festive spousals and connubial bliss. 
 The oaths thy passion urged thee then to swear 
 Are now all scatter'd to the senseless air. 
 Then let no woman hence in man believe, 
 Or think a lover speaks but to deceive. 
 He, while ungratified desire is high, 
 Shrinks from no oath, no promise will deny ; 
 Soon as his lust is satiate with its prize, 
 He spurns his vows, and perjury's curse defies. 
 I snatch'd thee, lost, from death's ingulfing wave ; 
 I rather doom'd my brother to the grave, 
 Than fail in peril's desperate hour to aid 
 Thee, hard and false ; and I am thus repaid ; 
 Am giv'n to beasts a prey ; nor shall remorse 
 Heap e'en the rudest grave upon my corse. 
 
 " What lonely lioness thy childhood fed, 
 What raging sea disgorged, what quicksand bred, 
 What vast Charybdis, or what Scylla stern ; 
 Who mak'st for life preserved such fell return ? 
 Though by the will of thy harsh father tied 
 Thou couldst not wed, and hail me as thy bride ; 
 Thou might'st have borne me to thy native soil, 
 And I, thine handmaid, plied my pleasing toil ; 
 O'er thy fair feet the tepid stream have shed, 
 And smoothed the purple covering of thy bed. 
 
 ;: But, ah ! has grief subdued my tortured mind, 
 Or why complain I to the reckless wind ; 
 Which with no sense endow'd, no feeling warm, 
 Xor hears my utterance, nor can answer form ? 
 The midmost sea his barks already reach ; 
 No man, no creature treads the silent beach. 
 Harsh fate, insulting thus my latest pain, 
 Denies the last sad solace, to complain. 
 Oh ! would, all-powerful Jove, th' Athenian fleet 
 Had neve* touch'd upon the shore of Crete ; 
 Xor treacherous sailor to its port convey'd 
 The fatal tribute to the monster paid ; 
 
244 CATULLUS. 
 
 Nor he, whose form too bright, whose look too kind, 
 
 Cloak'd well the savage purpose of his mind, 
 
 This heartless, cruel man, had never prest 
 
 My father's threshold, a perfidious guest ! 
 
 Lost as I am, what path, what hopes remain ? 
 
 Shall I my native mountains seek again ? 
 
 Ah ! the wide depth of ocean's pathless roar 
 
 Bars my approach ; and dare I hope once more 
 
 My sire's affection, whom I left to wed 
 
 The reeking murderer of my brother dead ? 
 
 Can love's sweet musings any solace give, 
 
 Or pictured truth, or promised rapture live ; 
 
 When the dear youth, on whom this heart relied, 
 
 Forsakes my bed and flies o'er yonder tide ? 
 
 No home, no busy cots around me smile, 
 
 And seas confine me to this hapless isle. 
 
 No means, no hope of flight, no living breath, 
 
 All round is desert, but all big with death. 
 
 " But yet, ere fate shall close my languid eye, 
 Ere from my woe -worn breast my senses fly ; 
 I from the gods some ample curse will claim 
 On him who outraged their attested name ; 
 Will still, betray'd, invoke their awful power, 
 And pray for vengeance in my latest hour. 
 
 ",Ye, who avenge their crimes on all mankind, 
 Furies, whose hair with angry snakes entwined 
 Paint on the threatening brow the hell-born breast, 
 Haste, hither haste, and hear my fell request. 
 'Tis helpless frenzy, senseless, blind despair ; 
 Teach me, 'tis all that 's left, my frantic prayer ; 
 Rend from my secret heart each cold restraint, 
 And pour forth all my soul in my complaint. 
 Since then it warmly flows from heartfelt pain, 
 Let me not speak my rage, my grief in vain ; 
 But grant, that still the reckless, ruthless mind 
 Which made him fly, and leave a wretch behind, 
 May guide, may urge his life with headlong pace, 
 Till Theseus curse alike himself and all his race." 
 
 As from her burning breast this prayer she pour'd, 
 And vengeful penance on his crime implored, 
 
CATULLUS. 245 
 
 The heavenly ruler, Jove, all-powerful god ! 
 Nodded his stern assent ; and at that nod 
 Earth and wild ocean trembled, and on high 
 The glistening stars were shaken in the sky. 
 Then dark oblivion every thought supprest 
 Which Theseus yet had treasured in his breast : 
 Of the fond precepts he had long revered 
 He kept no memory, and no sign he rear'd, 
 No wish'd-for signal, that his sire might learn 
 His glorious triumph and his safe return. 
 
 For story tells, that Egeus, when the fleet 
 Unmoor'd to leave Minerva's favour'd seat, 
 Ere yet he launch'd him on the boisterous wave, 
 Embraced his son, and this injunction gave. 
 
 " My son, my only child, more dear than life, 
 Son I am forced to send 'mid deadly strife ; 
 Oh ! late restored to cheer my closing day, 
 While age yet lingers in its last decay ! 
 Since my stern doom and thy too generous heart 
 Parts thee from me ; alas ! how loth to part ! 
 While these weak eyes of fastly-dying flame 
 Yet long to gaze upon thy manly frame ; 
 I do not send thee forth with hope elate, 
 Nor shalt thou bear the garb of prosperous fate. 
 Let me with dust strew my grey temples o'er ; 
 Let all its sighs my swelling bosom pour : 
 Then will I hang to your loose yards on high 
 Funereal sails dark with Iberian dye ; 
 And let their hue proclaim to every wind 
 The black despair and misery of my mind. 
 
 " But should the goddess in Itone known, 
 Pallas, who still protects our race and throne, 
 Propitious grant thy conquering arm to stain 
 In gushing life-blood of the monster slain ; 
 Then heed, my son, that treasured in thy heart 
 This precept live, nor e'er with time depart. 
 Soon as these hills once more thine eyes shall hail, 
 Let every yard cast off its gloomy sail ; 
 And hoisted high in air let every rope 
 With snow-white canvass greet thy father's hope. 
 
246 CATULLUS. 
 
 I still shall watch, and I the first be blest, 
 If happier days give thee return and rest." 
 
 Theseus had kept these words in memory bright 
 'Mid peril's turmoil, and through love's delight ; 
 Now light as clouds, when tempests rudely sweep 
 The sky-hid summit of some frozen steep, 
 They fled his mind, nor bless'd the prosperous time, 
 Forgot in safety's hour and victory's prime. 
 Wearing with constant tears his eager sight, 
 His sire still watch'd upon the rampart's height, 
 Saw the dark sails the clear horizon stain, 
 Madden'd with thoughts of Theseus fiercely slain, 
 And from the lofty rock plunged headlong to the main. 
 
 Thus, when his natal threshold Theseus prest, 
 A father's death reproach'd his reckless breast. 
 Scarce less his woe, scarce lighter was his care 
 Than he had heap'd on the deserted fair ; 
 Whose hopeless gaze there linger'd to descry 
 His sails just fading into viewless sky, 
 While, broken-hearted, in her thoughts she drew 
 All shapes of woe and miseries ever new. 
 
 On the rich covering from another part, 
 
 With love for thee high raging in his heart, 
 
 Thee seeking, Ariadne, Bacchus young 
 
 Hurries with flying steps the shores along. 
 
 Before his path the Satyrs madly prance, 
 
 The gay Sileni, Nysa's offspring, dance ; 
 
 Wild sporting round him range the frantic rout, 
 
 And toss their brows, and Evae, Evce ! shout. 
 
 Some brandish high their ivy-cover'd spears ; 
 
 Some tear the quivering limbs from mangled steers ; 
 
 Some round their waists enwrithing serpents tie ; 
 
 Some with their stores from ozier caskets ply 
 
 Those fearful orgies, that high mystic rite 
 
 That 's ever hid from uninitiate sight ; 
 
 Some their lank arms on echoing timbrels dash ; 
 
 Some from the cymbals their thin tinklings clash ; 
 
 Some wake the trumpet's hoarser blast and strife, 
 
 Or the sharp note of the discordant fife. 
 
CATULLUS. 247 
 
 Such were the portraitures profusely spread 
 
 O'er the rich covering of the nuptial bed. 
 
 Pall'd with the sight the throng now bending home 
 
 Left for celestial guests the festal dome. 
 
 As when young Zephyr flits across the plain, 
 
 Rippling with early breath the placid main ; 
 
 What time Aurora smiles on day begun 
 
 With all the freshest glory of the sun ; 
 
 Soft break the waves, and low their laughing sound, 
 
 But soon with blasts increasing swell around, 
 
 And loud and louder roar, and far away 
 
 Raging toss back the purple beams of day ; 
 
 So the close crowd, that left the palace, spread, 
 
 And wide dispersing urged their quickening tread. 
 
 Chiron the first, when all the dome was still, 
 His rural offering bore from Pelion's hill. 
 Whatever flowers the meads produce, whate'er 
 Thessalia's broad and fertile mountains bear, 
 Whatever blossom some poor streamlet near 
 The tepid breezes of Favonius rear, 
 He brought in chaplets of promiscuous bloom ; 
 And all the palace breathed their glad perfume. 
 
 Then Peneus came from Tempe's verdant glades, 
 
 Tempe, encircled by o'erhanging shades, 
 
 Where Nessos' lovely maids their carols pour. 
 
 Peneus the towering beech uprooted bore, 
 
 The plane, whose leaves in every zephyr play. 
 
 The lofty cypress, and the tapering bay, 
 
 And that tall tree whose form the sisters fair 
 
 Of blasted Phaeton were doom'd to bear. 
 
 These round the dome he placed, a blooming screen, 
 
 And veil'd the porch with interwoven green. 
 
 Next came Prometheus, rich in craftiest lore, 
 Who yet faint marks of ancient penance bore ; 
 When erst his limbs in flinty bondage stiff 
 Were hung extended on the dizzy cliff. 
 
 Then with his sacred queen and all his race 
 The sire of gods the palace deign'd to grace ; 
 
248 CATULLUS. 
 
 All, save thee, Phoebus, and thy sister bright, 
 The sylvan huntress upon Ida's height ; 
 Alike ye Peleus both beheld with scorn. 
 Nor Thetis' nuptials would as guests adorn. 
 Soon as the glorious host were seated round, 
 A lavish feast the costly table crown'd ; 
 Then through their frames while aged tremors ran, 
 The ancient Fates their prescient song began. 
 Round their weak bodies a white robe was flung, 
 Whose crimson border o'er their ankles hung ; 
 Their purple locks with snowy bands were tied ; 
 And aye their hands the sacred labour plied. 
 The left the distaff grasp'd, the right hand drew 
 The wool from thence, and twisted in the clew, 
 On the bent thumb the winding spindle held, 
 And as the whirlwind moves its course impell'd. 
 Still as they spun they bit off every shred 
 That roughly hung about the new-made thread ; 
 And the coarse fibres rent in ragged strips 
 Clung white and dry upon their shrivell'd lips. 
 Rush-baskets held of wool a snowy choice : 
 Still as they toil'd they pour'd a piercing voice, 
 And hymn'd prophetic destiny's behest, 
 Whose truth all future ages shall attest. 
 
 " Peleus, Emathia's stay, and virtue's care, 
 Renown'd thyself and glorious in thine heir, 
 Hear on thy nuptial day the Sisters sing 
 The splendid destiny that time shall bring ; 
 And, spindles, speed, so life and fate are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the mortal thread ! 
 
 " Hesper, who gives the bridegroom's sweetest right, 
 Shall lead thy bride with his auspicious light : 
 Then she and Love, Love that all hearts obey, 
 Shall make thy soul in bliss dissolve away ; 
 Fix'd round thy neck her smooth embrace will keep, 
 And both in soothing languor sink to sleep. 
 O spindles, speed, thus love and life are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless twine the vital thread ! 
 
 " No festal palace e'er such loves possess'd, 
 No loves were ever by such nuptials blest, 
 
CATULLUS. 249 
 
 As those that Peleus to his Thetis wed. 
 
 Ye spindles, speed, who draw the vital thread ! 
 
 " Achilles' birth shall bless your fond career, 
 
 Of heart unstrung to know the touch of fear. 
 
 Ne'er his receding back, but well the foe 
 
 His breast exposed, and fierce attack, shall know : 
 
 He, in the devious race for ever first, 
 
 Shall leave behind the stag's most fiery burst. 
 
 Ye spindles, speed, so life and fate are sped ; 
 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless twine the vital thread ! 
 
 " No other warrior equal fame shall gain, 
 When Trojan gore shall Phrygian rivers stain ; 
 And perjured Pelops' grandson shall destroy 
 With weary siege the towering walls of Troy. 
 Speed, spindles, speed, thus life and fate are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the mortal thread ! 
 
 " His valour oft, his ever dauntless breast 
 Shall mothers' grief o'er children's biers attest ; 
 While each with dust her hoary forehead strows, 
 And beats her livid breast with trembling blows. 
 Ye spindles, speed, thus fate and death are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the fatal thread ! 
 
 " As, when the corn by autumn's heat is brown'd, 
 The reaper strews the crowded stalks around ; 
 Thus shall his sword the falling Trojans spread. 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the mortal thread ! 
 
 " Scamander's waves, in hurrying eddies tost, 
 That roll to Hellespont, and there are lost, 
 Shall see his glorious deeds, his deadly force ; 
 When heaps of slain shall narrow all its course, 
 When its encumber'd stream the shore shall flood, 
 And all its depths shall glow with reeking blood. 
 Speed, spindles, speed, thus fate and death are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the fatal thread ! 
 
 " At length the virgin too, by victory's doom, 
 Shall fall to grace his obsequies and tomb : 
 There shall her snowy limbs, an offering laid, 
 Attest his glory and appease his shade. 
 
250 CATULLUS. 
 
 Speed, spindles, speed, so love and death are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless twine the fatal thread ! 
 
 " When to the war-worn Greeks by fraud shall fall 
 Neptune's proud work, the sacred Trojan wall ; 
 Then on his tomb Polyxena shall kneel, 
 A victim stooping to the two-edged steel ; 
 Shall there, a headless corpse, her life-blood pour, 
 And dye the sepulchre with maiden gore. 
 Speed, spindles, speed, thus love and life are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless draw the fatal thread ! 
 
 " Then haste, let wedlock's blissful knot be tied ; 
 Receive, great Peleus, thine immortal bride : 
 Now lead the fair one to the bridegroom's bed, 
 And, spindles, speed, and twine the vital thread ! 
 
 " Her nurse the morrow's morn shall find too tight 
 The band that girds her slender neck to-night. 
 Speed, spindles, speed, thus love and life are sped ; 
 Speed ye, who ceaseless twine the vital thread ! 
 
 " Ne'er shall the mother mourn, their passion o'er, 
 The separate homes and bride beloved no more ; 
 Nor see her hopes of playful grandsons fled. 
 Still, spindles, speed, thus life and fate are sped ; 
 Speed, ever ceaseless speed, and twine the mortal thread ! 
 
 Such was the bliss to Peleus which of old 
 In lofty song the prescient Fates foretold. 
 For oft, while piety was yet revered 
 By pristine man, the gods on earth appear'd ; 
 And, entering oft some hero's pure abode, 
 To human crowds immortal beauty show'd. 
 
 Oft heaven's dread father, when the festal day 
 Would to his name its yearly rite display, 
 Himself would visit the resplendent fane, 
 And see his hundred chariots scour the plain. 
 Oft from Parnassus Bacchus drove his flocks 
 Of Thyads rev'lling with dishevell'd locks ; 
 When all the Delphians from their city pour'd, 
 And glad with smoking shrines the god adored. 
 
CATULLUS. 251 
 
 Oft 'mid the deadly warfare, proudly seen, 
 Would horrid Mars, or rapid Triton's queen, 
 Or Nemesis, Rhamnusian maid, incite 
 Their armed throngs to brave the thickest fight. 
 But when this earth with impious crime was stain'd, 
 When virtue fled from man, and passion reign'd ; 
 When brothers dyed their hands in brothers' gore ; 
 When children wept a parent's death no more ; 
 When the harsh father sigh'd for early fate 
 To snatch the first-born of his buried mate ; 
 And leave him free from fonder ties, to press 
 Some blooming stepdame in his faint caress ; 
 When e'en the mother, warm'd by youthful charms, 
 Lured her unconscious offspring to her arms ; 
 Bade incest's curse her household gods condemn, 
 Impious alike to nature and to them ; 
 When rival honour crime and virtue knew ; 
 Their favour justly all the gods withdrew ; 
 No more to visit sinful earth would deign, 
 Nor let the eye of man their forms profane. Lamb. 
 
 ARIADNE. 
 FROM THE NUPTIALS OF PELEUS AND THETIS. 
 
 No peasant tills the fields ; the steers are eased 
 
 Of the neck-galling yoke ; no bull upturns 
 
 With downward sloping share the mouldering glebe ; 
 
 Discolouring rust soils the deserted plough, 
 
 Nor the bent rake clears from the creeping vine 
 
 The crumbling earth ; nor he that prunes the bough 
 
 Lops with his lightening hook the leafy tree. 
 
 The palace, through its inner space discern'd 
 
 Of long receding halls, shone gorgeously 
 
 With gold and burnish'd silver ; couches gleam'd 
 
 Whitening with ivory ; tables glitter'd thick 
 
 With goblets ; all the splendid mansion laugh'd 
 
 With regal opulence. The couch, prepared 
 
 In the mid chamber for the goddess bride, 
 
 Rose high with plumy cushions. It was carved 
 
 From teeth of Indie elephants, and spread 
 
 With the shell purple's crimson of the sea. 
 
252 CATULLUS. 
 
 The tapestried covering, wrought with antique forms 
 
 Of men, display'd heroic lore, in threads 
 
 Of wondrous art. For there upon the shore 
 
 Long echoing to the flowing sound of waves 
 
 Stood Ariadne, casting a far look 
 
 On Theseus as in rapid bark he pass'd 
 
 Away ; and pangs of furious wild despair 
 
 Master'd her throbbing heart. Nor yet believed 
 
 That she was Ariadne ; while scarce waked 
 
 From her deceiving sleep, she saw herself 
 
 Left wretched on the solitary sands. 
 
 The youth, who could forget her, flying beat 
 
 The billows with his oars, and left his vows 
 
 Light scatter'd to the winds and to the storms. . 
 
 Him when the princess from the weedy shore 
 
 Discern'd remote, she bent her straining eyes, 
 
 In posture like the statue of a nymph 
 
 Nodding in Bacchic orgies ; troubled thoughts 
 
 Rush'd on her soul, like waves ; nor suffer'd she 
 
 The slender mitre on her yellow hair ; 
 
 Or the transparent scarf that o'er her breast 
 
 Spread light its covering ; or the girdle's grasp 
 
 'Gainst which her bosom's struggling orbs rebell'd ; 
 
 But all torn wildly off from all her form 
 
 Lay strewn on every side, and the salt seas, 
 
 White foaming at her feet, broke over them. 
 
 She nor her mitre, nor her floating zone 
 
 Regarded aught : on thee, O Theseus ! — still 
 
 On thee she dwelt with heart and mind and soul 
 
 Distracted. Ah ! unhappy one ! how grief 
 
 And senseless frenzy seized her ! and what thorns 
 
 Of anguish Venus planted in her breast ! 
 
 In that heroic age did Theseus leave 
 
 Piraeus' winding bay, and visited 
 
 The Cretan walls of that inhuman king. 
 
 For legends tell that Athens, erst constrain'd 
 
 By cruel pestilence, atoned the death 
 
 Of slain Androgeos ; and a tribute sent 
 
 Of chosen youths, and maids in beauty's flower. 
 
 To glut the monstrous Minotaur. When thus 
 
 The noble city underneath its curse 
 
CATULLUS. 253 
 
 Groan'd heavily, the gallant Theseus chose 
 
 To perish self-devoted, in behalf 
 
 Of his dear Athens, rather than these maids 
 
 Find graves in Crete, yet need a funeral rite. 
 
 So, in light bark, with gentle breeze he sail'd 
 
 To awful Minos, and his stately court. 
 
 When on the stranger fell the eager gaze 
 
 Of that same royal virgin, who reposed 
 
 Within her mother's arms, on pillow chaste 
 
 That breathed sweet perfumes, like the myrtle buds 
 
 On green Eurotas' river-banks, or breath 
 
 Of the spring gale, that draws the colours forth 
 
 From all the streaky flowers. No sooner then 
 
 The gazing maid withdrew her glowing eyes, 
 
 And bent them on the floor, than all her breast 
 
 Conceived a flame, and all her vitals burn'd. 
 
 Oh sacred boy ! that, merciless of heart, 
 Troublest, alas, how cruelly ! the soul 
 With passion's fury, yet with human griefs 
 Minglest delights ; and thou, O Venus ! queen 
 Of Golgos and Idalia's leafy lawns ; 
 With what a sea of troubles did ye toss 
 The maiden's heart ; with what a flame consume ! 
 When for the stranger of the yellow locks 
 She drew full many a sigh. How languish'd she 
 In heart-struck terrors ! how her cheek grew pale 
 With yellowing tinge, like the wan shine of gold, 
 When Theseus, match'd against the monster, sought 
 Death or the palm of glory ! Nor to heaven 
 Vow'd she unpleasing offerings, though to her 
 Fruitless ; nor vainly on her silent lips 
 Whisper'd suspended hopes. For as the blast 
 Of irresistible whirlwind with a rush 
 Of sudden eddy shakes a branching oak 
 On the Mount Taurus ; or cone -rustling pine, 
 Dropping with gum ; and smites the knotted trunk ; 
 Wrench'd from the roots, the tree falls headlong down, 
 And crushes all beneath it : with such force 
 Did Theseus quell the savage prostrated 
 In dust, and beatinsr with his horns the wind. 
 
254 CATULLUS. 
 
 Then, in his glory, he secure retraced 
 
 His footsteps, governing with silken skein 
 
 His wandering feet ; lest measuring forth his way 
 
 From winding of the labyrinth, he should err, 
 
 Foil'd by the cunning edifice, that spread 
 
 Its undiscoverable maze around. 
 
 But why, thus starting from my theme, recount 
 
 Superfluous tales ? how Ariadne left 
 
 Her father's aspect, and her sister's kiss, 
 
 And mother's folding arms j who, wretched made, 
 
 Should with flush'd weeping mourn her daughter lost ? 
 
 But Theseus' love was dearer than them all. 
 
 Or how the ship was wafted to the shore 
 
 Of Naxos' foaming isle ; or how, when closed 
 
 Her heavy eyes in that disastrous sleep, 
 
 Ingrate he fled, and left her. — Oft, they say, 
 
 With burning indignation she pour'd forth 
 
 Shrill outcries from the bottom of her heart ; 
 
 Climb'd sad the steepy mountains, and threw out 
 
 A long glance o'er the vast and foamy deep ; 
 
 Or on the flat shore ran amidst the waves, 
 
 That swell'd their rippling surface opposite, 
 
 From her bared leg lifting the drapery light ; 
 
 Then, in extremity of anguish, spoke 
 
 These wild upbraidings, with her cheek all bathed 
 
 In tears, while shivering sobs confused her words: 
 
 " And is it thus, perfidious man ! led far 
 From my own country, thou forsak'st me now, 
 Perfidious Theseus ! on a desert shore ? 
 And dost thou then depart, of watchful gods ' 
 Heedless, and ah ! bear with thee to thy home 
 Those vows, accurs'd by me ? Could nothing turn 
 Thy cruel purpose ? did no sudden thought 
 Of pity cross thee ? did thy hard heart feel 
 No soft, compunctious visitings for me ? 
 Not such thy utter'd promises ; not these 
 The hopes thy lips convey'd to me undone ; 
 But wedding joys and wishes allfulfill'd 
 Of marriage love : now to the winds of air 
 Blown and dispers'd ! Let never woman trust 
 
CATULLUS. 255 
 
 The oath of man ; let never woman hope 
 
 Faith in his tender speeches ! He, while aught 
 
 Inflames his ardour to possess/ will fear 
 
 No oath, will spare no promise. But when once 
 
 His gust is sated, fears not what he spoke ; 
 
 Heeds not his perjured promise. Yet 'twas I 
 
 That from death's whirlpool snatch'd thee, and resolved 
 
 To sacrifice my brother Minotaur, 
 
 That I might spend with thee life's latest hour, 
 
 Deceiver as thou art ! — and 'tis for this 
 
 That forest beasts must tear me ; birds of prey 
 
 Dismember ; and no heap of friendly earth 
 
 Be scatter'd o'er my corpse ! — What lioness 
 
 In wilderness of rocks first brought thee forth ? 
 
 What sea conceived thee in its roaring depths, 
 
 And from its foaming billows cast thee out ? 
 
 Syrt, Scylla, or Charybdis, which, or what 
 
 Art thou, that for the sweets of life bestow'd 
 
 Mak'st this return ? But if thy heart repell'd 
 
 Union with me ; and if to thee seem stern 
 
 The laws of marriage which old Cecrops framed ; 
 
 Thou couldst at least have brought me to thy home, 
 
 That I with pleasant labour might have been 
 
 Thy handmaid ; tenderly thy snowy feet 
 
 Laving in limpid waters, or thy couch 
 
 Spreading with purple coverings. Ah ! what boot3 
 
 This frenzy of misfortune ? Why complain 
 
 To the unconscious air, that neither hears 
 
 My utter'd speech, nor can in words reply ? 
 
 He now has nearly pass'd the middle seas ; 
 
 And not one solitary mortal meets 
 
 My gaze along the ocean's weedy shore ; 
 
 And Fate, insulting even my dying hour, 
 
 Envious denies the blessing of complaint 
 
 To listening ears. Oh, mighty Jupiter ! 
 
 Would that in time long past no ships had touch'd 
 
 From Athens on our coast ; no mariner 
 
 With dreadful tribute to the bull had loosed 
 
 His cable, and, perfidious, sail'd for Crete ! 
 
 Nor e'er that stranger, masking in sweet form 
 
 His cruel purpose, rested in my home ! 
 
256 CATULLUS. 
 
 Whither shall I betake me ? on what hope 
 Lean for support ? Say, shall I seek again 
 The hills of Cretan Ide ? ah me ! the deep 
 Rolls broad its severing flood, and cruel forms 
 Of the wide seas a gulf impassable. 
 Or might I hope my father's succouring hand ? 
 I, who could leave him, following this stern youth 
 While reeking with my brother's sprinkled blood ? 
 Shall I console my sorrows with the love 
 Of that so faithful spouse, while now his oars 
 Bend pliant in the billows, as he flies ? 
 Shall I pass inland, and forsake the shore ? 
 No dwelling has this lone, unpeopled isle : 
 There is no egress hence ; the sea- waves roll 
 A girdle round ; no plan, no hope of flight ; 
 All solitary, silent, desolate ; 
 A prospect of inevitable death. 
 But let not yet my dying eyes grow dim, 
 Nor sense my faint limbs leave, ere, thus betray'd, 
 ' I ask the gods for vengeance, and attest 
 
 With my last breath the holy faith of heaven. 
 Ye, then, that with retributive revenge 
 Visit the deeds of men ; whose forehead 'twined 
 With snaky hair, waves with th' avenging wrath 
 Of my expiring breast, arise and hear ! 
 Come to my side : come listen the complaints, 
 Which, oh me miserable ! I perforce 
 Now from my inmost vitals breathe, thus lost, 
 Burning, and blind with my delirious rage, 
 Since from the very bottom of my heart 
 I heave this plaintive voice, oh suffer not 
 My tears and groans to vanish on the winds ! 
 But in the spirit that within him wrought, 
 When he forsook me on the desert shore, 
 In that same spirit, deadly to himself 
 And to his kindred, let him stain his house 
 With horror and pollution." 
 
 W T hen she thus 
 Had given her sorrows utterance, and had call'd 
 In her distraction heavenly vengeance down 
 On Theseus' cruel deed, heaven's ruler bow'd 
 
CATULLUS. 257 
 
 His head, and at his unresisted nod 
 Earth and sea trembled, and the firmament 
 Rock'd its bright orbs. But Theseus, dark of mind, 
 Dismiss'd from memory all injunctions past, 
 Though long with heed retain'd : nor lifted up 
 The gladdening symbol, that he safe return'd 
 To his own country's harbours, in the eyes 
 Of his long sorrowing father. Story tells 
 That when old JEgeus trusted to the winds 
 His son, who bent his galley's sails to leave 
 Minerva's towers, he clasp'd him in his arms, 
 And gave this mandate : — 
 
 " Oh, my only son ! 
 More pleasant in mine eyes than length of life : 
 My son ! whom I, perforce, dismiss to cope 
 With doubtful perils ; son ! so lately lent 
 Again to these fond arms, in the last stage 
 Of feeble years : since now my mournful hap 
 And thy own fervid valour tear thee hence 
 From these unwilling eyes, whose languid orbs 
 Still gaze unsated on my son's dear face ; 
 Not glad I send thee hence ; nor shalt thou bear 
 Symbols of prosperous Fortune. I will ease 
 My bosom of complaint, and soil in dust 
 My hoary locks ; and on thy flitting mast 
 Suspend discolour'd sails ; that this my grief 
 And soul-inflaming anguish may be read 
 In thy Iberian canvass, while its folds 
 Are tinged with dusky blue. If she, who dwells 
 In blest Itonus, Pallas, who defends 
 Our race and city, grant that in the blood 
 Of that half human bull thy hand be red ; 
 Then bury these injunctions in thy heart ; 
 Let them take growth, and flourish, so that time 
 May never root them out. Soon as thine eyes 
 Behold our hills again, then let thy crew 
 The dismal canvass on the yard-arm furl, 
 And hoist with ropes the sails of snowy white : 
 That, seeing, I may recognise the joy 
 Of that blest moment, when auspicious time 
 Returns thee present to mine eyes again." 
 
258 CATULLUS. 
 
 These mandates, which before with constant mind 
 He cherish'd, now from Theseus' memory fled, 
 Like mists from airy ridge of snowy Alp 
 Swept by the whirlwind. Still the father bent 
 From a high turret's top his straining eyes, 
 Anxious, and dim with weeping. When he saw 
 The sable swelling sails, from the steep rocks 
 He cast himself down headlong ; deeming then 
 His Theseus lost by an inhuman death. 
 So Theseus, glorying in the monster slain, 
 Enter'd beneath his father's roof, now changed 
 With funeral horror ; and himself now felt 
 A portion of that anguish, which, ingrate 
 Of soul, he fix'd in Ariadne's breast : 
 When, wounded to the heart, a thousand griefs 
 RolTd in her bosom, while she pensive bent 
 On the receding ship her lengthening gaze. 
 
 But in another part, Iacchus, flush'd 
 With bloom of youth, came flying from above, 
 With choirs of Satyrs, and Sileni, born 
 In Indian Nyse : seeking thee he came, 
 O Ariadne ! with thy love inflamed. 
 They, blithe, from every side came revelling on, 
 Distraught with jocund madness : with a burst 
 Of Bacchic outcries, and with tossing heads. 
 Some shook their ivy-shrouded spears ; and some 
 From hand to hand, in wild and fitful feast, 
 Snatch'd a torn heifer's limbs : some girt themselves 
 With twisted serpents : others bore along, 
 In hollow arks, the mysteries of the god : 
 Mysteries to uninitiated ear 
 In silence wrapt. On timbrels others smote 
 With tapering hands, or from smooth orbs of brass 
 Clank'd shrill a tinkling sound ; and many blew 
 The horn's hoarse blare, and the barbaric pipe 
 Bray'd harsh upon the ear its dinning tune. 
 
 Thus gorgeously with colour'd figures wrought 
 The drapery spread its mantling folds, and veil'd 
 With arras coverlet the wedding couch. 
 
CATULLUS. 259 
 
 When now the throng of Thessaly had gazed 
 Their eager fill, they rev'rently gave place 
 To step of gods approaching. As the gale, 
 Ruffling the calm sea with its murm'ring breeze, 
 Stirs the sloped waves, at rising of the dawn, 
 Beneath the flitting lustre of the sun : 
 They, forward driven with gentle blast, roll on 
 Slowly, and as with sounds of laughter shrill 
 Dash their soft echo ; till the growing wind 
 Freshens, and more and more in heaving swell 
 They float far glittering in the purple light : 
 So from the palace vestibule the throng 
 Flow'd gradual forth, and wander'd wide away. Elton. 
 
 LXY. TO HOETALUS. 
 SENT TO HIM WITH THE POEM OF BERENICE'S HAIR. 
 
 Though grief, my Hortalus, that wastes my heart, 
 Forbids the culture of the learned Nine ; 
 
 Nor can the Muses with their sweetest art 
 Inspire a bosom worn with grief like mine ; 
 
 For Lethe laves my brother's clay-cold foot, 
 His spirit lingers o'er its lazy wave ; 
 
 The Trojan earth at high Rhetaeum's root 
 O'erwhelms his relics in a distant grave ! 
 
 Shall I then never, in no future year, 
 brother, dearer far that vital breath ! 
 
 See thee again ? yet will I hold thee dear, 
 And in sad strains for ever mourn thy death. 
 
 Such as the Daulian bird so sadly pours ; 
 
 As, in some gloomy grove, whose branches crost 
 Inweave their shade, she still at night deplores 
 
 The hapless destinies of Itys lost. 
 
 Yet not forgetting thy request, my friend, 
 My love awhile can anguish disregard ; 
 
 And, though opprest by heaviest woe, I send 
 These lines, the chosen of Cyrene's bard, 
 s 2 
 
260 CATULLUS. 
 
 Lest, vainly borne upon the zephyrs swift, 
 
 Thou deem'st thy wishes fled my thought and care ; 
 
 As the dear apple, love's clandestine gift, 
 Falls from the bosom of the virgin fair ; 
 
 Which she forgetting in her vest conceal'd, 
 Springs her returning mother's kiss to claim, 
 
 It falls, and as it rolls to view reveal'd, 
 
 Her blushes own, like me, neglect and shame. Lamb. 
 
 LXVI. THE HAIR OF BERENICE. 
 
 TRANSLATED BY CATULLUS FROM THE GREEK OF CALLIMACHUS. 
 
 (the hair speaks.) 
 
 Conon, who knew the lights of yonder skies, 
 
 Told how the constellations set and rise ; 
 
 How the sun's glorious beam is clouded o'er; 
 
 How stars at certain times are seen no more ; 
 
 How love calls Dian from her orbit's place 
 
 To steal in Latmos' cave the mute embrace ; 
 
 He first mark'd me with heavenly light o'erspread, 
 
 The honours once of Berenice's head : 
 
 Which she, with arms outstretched in suppliant love, 
 
 Vow'd to devote to many gods above ; 
 
 What time the king, scarce past the nuptial rite, 
 
 Warm from th' unequal contest of the night, 
 
 Flush'd with its spoil and proud of amorous wounds, 
 
 Had led his warriors to Assyria's bounds. 
 
 Do brides, Venus ! hate the bridal bed, 
 
 Or feign the tears they oft profusely shed, 
 
 The tears that parents gladly mark arise 
 
 At wedlock's summons in a daughter's eyes ; 
 
 That to their doting hearts pay every debt 
 
 Of love, of gratitude, and fond regret ? 
 
 Yes, by the gods, feign'd are the tears they shed 
 
 To grace the nuptial rite and bridal bed ! 
 
 This truth my mistress taught, who wept each day 
 
 While war detain'd her youthful spouse away. 
 
 But, queen, thy sorrows did not mourn alone 
 
 A bridegroom's loss and nuptial rapture flown ; 
 
CATULLUS. 261 
 
 When from thy brother-husband forced to part, 
 A sister's purer love usurp'd thy heart: 
 That virtuous grief devour'd her pensive mind ; 
 Reason, by that subdued, all sway resign'd : 
 Then sunk that spirit, which had earn'd the praise 
 Of dauntless valour e'en in childish days. 
 
 Hadst thou forgotten the great deed, which won 
 A royal spouse, a deed yet dared by none ; 
 Jove ! that at parting thou could st weakly plain, 
 While tears, still vainly dried, still gush'd again ? 
 What mighty god transform'd thee ? Could the woe 
 Which every lover must in absence know, 
 Make thee thus promise to the heavenly throne, 
 Nor wonted blood nor hecatombs alone, 
 But bid the lovesick offering e'en embrace 
 Thy temple's shade and forehead's wavy grace, 
 That heaven might speed thy lord's returning hour, 
 And Asia's nation bow to Egypt's power ? 
 He conquer'd and return'd.— The vow was paid, 
 And heaven received the sweet oblation made. 
 Reluctant^ queen, by thee and by thy brow ! 
 (Evil to him who heeds not such a vow !) 
 I swear, reluctant from that brow I fell. 
 But what can iron's mighty strength repel ? 
 For e'en that mountain, that the tallest height 
 In Greece o'ertopp'd by swift Hyperion's light, 
 E'en Athos yielded when the Median host 
 Form'd a new ocean on the wondering coast, 
 And through its hills their gorgeous navy bore 
 The youth barbaric to the Grecian shore. 
 Could feeble hair that potent metal brave 
 Which cleaves the mountain, and directs the wave ? 
 
 Accursed, Jove, be all the Scythian race, 
 And they who, daring first her veins to trace, 
 Earth's hidden product from her entrails tore, 
 And shaped and harden' d the destructive ore ! 
 
 The sister locks I left bewail'd my fate, 
 When Ethiop Memnon's brother, Flora's mate, 
 
262 CATULLUS. 
 
 Fanning the yielding air with pennons fleet, 
 
 Young Zephyr sought Arsinoe's sacred seat. 
 
 Through gloomy night he hurried me away 
 
 To the pure regions of ethereal day ; 
 
 On Venus' bosom placed me then to rest, 
 
 And drink celestial nature from her breast. 
 
 Such, where Canopus crowns the fertile wave, 
 
 The mandate Flora to her Zephyr gave. 
 
 " Permit no more," she cried, " the crown, that shed 
 
 Its radiance erst round Ariadne's head, 
 
 Alone in heaven to lift its lovely flame, 
 
 Nor any star possess congenial fame : 
 
 Bid the rich spoil of Berenice's brow 
 
 Dart rival beams and share that glory now." 
 
 To heaven the goddess raised me, bathed in tears, 
 
 An added splendour to the starry spheres. 
 
 Betwixt the Lion and the Virgin chaste, 
 
 Close to Lycaon's child Callisto placed, 
 
 Turn'd from the east, I slow Bootes guide 
 
 In tardy progress to the western tide. 
 
 I stud that way, in that bright path I lie, 
 
 Oft pass'd by gods when journeying o'er the sky : 
 
 When night is still, and dark the solar blaze, 
 
 They tread my light, and trample on my rays ; 
 
 But dawn returning bids me Tethys greet, 
 
 And hide my splendour in her cool retreat. 
 
 But still — and let me, Nemesis, reveal 
 
 In peace the truth no terror shall conceal ; 
 
 Let every star reproachful curses dart, 
 
 I will unfold the secret of my heart ! 
 
 Though high 'mid heaven's immortal splendour placed, 
 
 I still regret the fair whom erst I graced. 
 
 Upon her polish'd brows, while yet a maid, 
 
 Unbraided, unperfumed, my ringlets stray'd ; 
 
 And drank the breath in wedlock's costlier hours 
 
 Of rarest unguents and the balmiest flowers. 
 
 And, O ye fair ! allured by Hymen's light, 
 
 Ere yet the husband gains his dearest right, 
 
 Ere your smooth bosoms heave from cincture free, 
 
 Let sweets in rich libation flow to me. 
 
CATULLUS. 263 
 
 Dear is the incense on my altar spread 
 
 By all who seek the chaste, the nuptial bed ; 
 
 But the foul offering of disgraceful lust 
 
 Shall sink forgotten in the barren dust : 
 
 Adulterers' gifts with loathing I reject, 
 
 Nor prize their worship, nor their love protect. 
 
 But bliss and passion ever young reside 
 
 With the fond bridegroom and the faithful bride. 
 
 But, queen, when thou shalt gaze upon the skies, 
 
 And bid thine orisons to Venus rise, 
 
 Though blood must never stain the Paphian shrine ; 
 
 Hope not by prayers alone to make me thine : 
 
 With purest offerings urge thy costly vows, 
 
 And speed my wish'd return to deck thy brows. 
 
 There will I wave, nor heed what ills betide, 
 
 Though dark Orion seek Aquarius' side, 
 
 And constant storms and elemental wars 
 
 Proclaim the wild disorder of the stars. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 The sage who view'd the shining heav'ns on high, 
 Explored the glories of th' expanded sky ; 
 Whence rise the radiant orbs, where still they bend 
 Their wand'ring course, and where at length descend ; 
 Why dim eclipse obscures the blazing sun ; 
 Why stars at certain times to darkness run ; 
 How Trivia nightly stole from realms above 
 To taste on Latmos' rocks the sweets of love. 
 Immortal Conon, blest with skill divine, 
 Amid the sacred skies beheld me shine, 
 Ev'n me, the beauteous hair, that lately shed 
 Refulgent beams from Berenice's head ; 
 The lock she fondly vow'd with lifted arms, 
 Imploring all the powers to save from harms 
 Her dearer lord, when from his bride he flew, 
 To wreak stern vengeance on th' Assyrian crew ; 
 While yet the monarch bore the pleasing scars 
 Of softer triumphs and nocturnal wars. 
 
 sacred queen, do virgins still despise 
 The joys of Venus and the nuptial ties, 
 
264 CATULLUS. 
 
 When oft in bridal rooms their sighs and tears 
 Distract the parent's heart with anxious fears ? 
 The tears descend from friendly powers above; 
 The sighs, ye gods ! are only sighs of love. 
 With tears like these fair Berenice mourn'd 
 When for her virgin spoils the monarch burn'd ; 
 With sighs like these she gave him all her charms, 
 And bless'd the raptured bridegroom in her arms. 
 
 But on the widow'd bed you wept alone. 
 And mourn'd the brother in the husband gone. 
 What sorrow then my pensive queen opprest, 
 What pangs of absence tore her tender breast ; 
 When, lost in woe, no trace remain'd behind 
 Of all her virgin mirth and strength of mind. 
 Hadst thou forgot the deed thy worth achieved, 
 For which thy brows the imperial crown received ; 
 The wondrous deed that placed thee far beyond 
 Thy fair compeers and made a monarch fond ? 
 
 But when for wars he left your tender arms, 
 
 What words you spoke, with what endearing charms, 
 
 Still breathed your soft complaints in mournful sighs, 
 
 And wiped with lifted hands your streaming eyes. 
 
 Didst thou, fair nymph, lament by power divine, 
 
 Or for an absent lover only pine ? 
 
 Then to the gods you vow'd with pious care 
 
 A sacred offering, your immortal hair, 
 
 With blood of slaughter'd bulls, would heaven restore 
 
 Your lord in triumph to his native shore ; 
 
 Should he, returning soon, with high renown 
 
 Add vanquish'd Asia to the Egyptian crown : 
 
 And I, fair lock, from orbs of radiance now 
 
 Diffuse new light to pay thy former vow. 
 
 But hear, O queen, the sacred oath I swear, 
 
 By thy bright head, and yet remaining hair, 
 
 I join'd unwilling the ethereal sphere ; 
 
 And well I know what woes the perjured feel : 
 
 But none can conquer unresisted steel. 
 
 Steel heaved the mightiest mountain to the ground 
 
 That Sol beholds in his diurnal round, 
 
CATULLUS. 265 
 
 Through Athos' rocky sides a passage tore, 
 When first the Medes arrived at Phthia's shore. 
 Then winds and waves drove their swift ships along, 
 And through the new-made gulf impell'd the throng. 
 If these withstood not steel's all-conquering blow, 
 What could thy hairs against so dire a foe ? 
 O mighty Jove ! may still thy wrath divine 
 Pour fierce destruction on their impious line, 
 Who dug with hands accurst the hollow mine ; 
 Who first from earth could shining ore produce, 
 First temper'd steel, and taught its various use. 
 
 As thy bright locks bewail'd their sister gone, 
 Arsinoe's horseman, Memnon's only son, 
 On flutt'ring wings descended from on high, 
 To bear the beauteous hairs above the sky ; 
 Then upward bent his flight, and softly placed 
 Thy radiant lock in chaste Arsinoe's breast, 
 Whom we Zephyritis and Venus name, 
 And on Canopus' shores her altars flame ; 
 When late the winged messenger came down 
 At her desire, lest Ariadne's crown 
 Should still unrivall'd glitter in the skies ; 
 And that thy precious hair, a richer prize. 
 The spoils devoted to the powers divine, 
 Might from the fields of light as brightly shine. 
 Yet bathed in tears I wing'd my rapid flight, 
 Swift from her shrine to this ethereal height, 
 And, placed amidst the fair celestial signs, 
 Thy lock for ever with new glory shines, 
 Just by the Virgin in the starry sphere, 
 The savage Lion, and the Northern Bear. 
 Full to the west with sparkling beams I lead, 
 And bright Bootes in my course precede, 
 Who scarcely moves along the ethereal plain, 
 And late and slowly sinks beneath the main. 
 
 Though feet of gods surround my throne by night ; 
 And in the seas I sleep with morning light, 
 Yet, O Rhamnusian maid, propitious hear 
 The words of sacred truth unawed by fear. 
 
266 CATULLUS. 
 
 The words of truth I wish not to conceal, 
 But still the dictates of my breast reveal. 
 Though these resplendent orbs in wrath should rise 
 And hurl me headlong from the flaming skies, 
 Though placed on high, sad absence I deplore, 
 Condemn'd to join my lovely queen no more, 
 On whose fair head, while yet in virgin bloom, 
 I drank unmeasured sweets and rich perfume. 
 
 But now, ye maids, and every beauteous dame, 
 For whom on nuptial nights the torches flame, 
 Though fondly wedded to some lovely boy, 
 Your virgin choice, and partner of your joy, 
 Forbear to taste the pleasures of a bride, 
 Nor from your bosoms draw the veil aside, 
 Till oils in alabaster ye prepare, 
 And chastely pour on Berenice's hair. 
 But I th' impure adulteress will confound, 
 And dash the ungrateful offering on the ground. 
 From her no rich libation I demand ; 
 I scorn the gift of her unhallow'd hand : 
 But if the virtuous fair invoke my power, 
 Unbounded bliss shall crown the nuptial hour ; 
 To her shall concord from high heaven descend, 
 And constant love her soft retreats attend. 
 
 And when, bright queen, on solemn feasts your eyes 
 
 Shall hail Arsinoe radiant in the skies ; 
 
 When she demands, bright opening on your view, 
 
 The sacred rites to heavenly Venus due ; 
 
 If thy loved lock appear resplendent there, 
 
 Let me with her an equal offering share. 
 
 But why should these surrounding stars detain 
 
 Thy golden hairs in this ethereal plain ? 
 
 Oh could I join thy beauteous head once more, 
 
 The sacred head on which I grew before ; 
 
 Though I should ever lose my light divine, 
 
 And moist Arcturus next the Virgin shine. Tttler. 
 
CATULLUS. 267 
 
 LXVII. ON A WANTON'S DOOR. 
 PASSENGER. 
 
 Hail, door, to husband and to father dear ! 
 And may Jove make thee hie peculiar care ! 
 Thou who, when Balbus lived, if fame say true, 
 Wast wont a thousand sorry things to do ; 
 And, when they carried forth the good old man, 
 For the new bride who didst them o'er again ; 
 Say, how have people this strange notion got, 
 As if thy former faith thou hadst forgot ? 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 So may Caeciliu3 help me, whom I now 
 Must own my master, as I truly vow ! — 
 Be the offences talk'd of great or small ; 
 Still I am free, and ignorant of all : 
 I boldly dare the worst that can be said ; 
 And yet, what charges to my fault are laid ! 
 No deed so infamous, but straight they cry, 
 ** Fie, wicked door ! this is your doing, fie ! " 
 
 PASSENGER. 
 
 This downright, bold assertion ne'er will do ; 
 You must speak plainer, and convince us too. 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 I would j — but how, when no one wants to know ? 
 
 PASSENGER. 
 
 I want % — collect your facts, and tell them now. 
 
 DOOR. 
 
 First, then, I will deny, for so 'tis thought, 
 That a young virgin to my charge was brought : 
 Not that her husband, with ungovern'd flame, 
 Had stolen, in hasty joy, that sacred name ; 
 So vile his manhood, and so cold his blood, 
 Poor, languid tool ! he could not, if he would : 
 But his own father, 'tis expressly said, 
 Had stain'd the honours of his nuptial bed ; 
 
268 CATULLUS. 
 
 Whether because, to virtue's image blind, 
 Thick clouds of lust had darken'd all his mind ; 
 Or, conscious of his son's unfruitful seed, 
 He thought some abler man should do the deed. 
 
 PASSENGER. 
 
 A pious deed, in truth ; and nobly done — 
 A father makes a cuckold of his son ! 
 
 DOOE. 
 
 Nor was this all that conscious Brixia knew ; 
 Sweet mother of the country where I grew 
 In earliest youth ! who, from Chinaea's height, 
 Sees boundless landscapes burst upon the sight ; 
 Brixia ! whose sides the yellow Mela laves 
 With the calm current of its gentle waves : 
 She also knows what bliss Posthumius proved ; 
 And how, in triumph, gay Cornelius loved ; 
 With both of whom, so wanton was the fair, 
 She did not blush her choicest gifts to share. 
 " But how," you '11 ask, " could you, a senseless door, 
 These secrets, and these mysteries explore ; 
 Who never from your master's threshold stirr'd, 
 Nor what the people talk'd of ever heard ; 
 Content upon your hinges to remain, 
 To ope, and shut, and then to ope again."- — 
 Learn, that full oft I've heard the whispering fair, 
 Who ne'er suspected I had tongue or ear, 
 To her own slaves her shameful actions tell, 
 And speak the very names I now reveal. 
 One more she mention'd, whom I will not speak, 
 Lest warm displeasure flush his angry cheek : 
 Thus far I'll tell thee; he's an awkward brute, 
 Whose spurious birth once caused no small dispute. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 LXVIII. EPISTLE TO MANLIUS. 
 
 The plaintive letter, Manlius, thou hast sent, 
 While low by fate and sudden misery bent, 
 That bids me raise thee from the whelming wave, 
 And rescue from the threshold of the grave ; 
 
CATULLUS. 269 
 
 Since mighty Venus lets not slumber shed 
 
 Its lulling influence o'er thy lonely bed ; 
 
 Nor all the verse, our tuneful sires' bequests, 
 
 Can soothe thy mind where anguish never rests ; 
 
 That hapless letter still my bosom cheers, 
 
 Those lines are dear, though written with thy tears : 
 
 For, ah ! they speak thy love, and bid me send 
 
 Verse from the bard, affection from the friend. 
 
 Think not I wish my duty to disown 
 
 To the first friend my life has ever known ; 
 
 But, Manlius, learn my own unhappy state ; 
 
 Learn in how rough a sea of troublous fate 
 
 I sink o'erwhelm'd ; nor ask from hopeless woe 
 
 For gifts the happy only can bestow. 
 
 When the white robe of man I first assumed, 
 
 When youth's light Spring with every pleasure bloom'd, 
 
 Free were my sports, nor did that goddess spare, 
 
 Who blends the bitter sweets of lovers' care. 
 
 But all these joys my brother's death has torn 
 
 From the lone wretch whom he hath left to mourn. 
 
 Brother, thy death has wrapt my days in gloom, 
 
 And all our house lies buried in thy tomb ; 
 
 Thy friendship still my life with pleasures fed, 
 
 And every pleasure now with thee is dead. 
 
 His early fate has from my bosom chased 
 
 All former joys, and all the mind can taste. 
 
 Then cry not, " Shame, Catullus should be known 
 
 To droop and linger in Verona's town, 
 
 While any noble's frigid form partakes 
 
 The warmth of that soft bed which he forsakes ! " 
 
 No, Manlius, call it not disgrace or shame, 
 
 For keenest misery is the fitter name. 
 
 Forgive me then, if thou shalt ask in vain 
 
 The gifts that sorrow from myself has ta'en. 
 
 No hoard of writers here their fires infuse, 
 
 To guide my taste and cheer my drooping Muse : 
 
 Few favourite volumes serve to fill the void, 
 
 And chase the gloom of leisure unemploy'd. 
 
 Rome holds my home, my comfort, and my care, 
 
 And life is only life when I am there. 
 
270 CATULLUS. 
 
 Then think not fretful envy prompts my part, 
 Or gratitude is irksome to my heart ; 
 Forced to refuse to each request of thine 
 Gifts I had sent unask'd, had they been mine. 
 Yet can I not, ye Nine, the tale repress, 
 How Manlius still has toil'd my life to bless ; 
 Nor let oblivious time its gloom extend 
 O'er the dear memory of so true a friencL 
 To you I speak his praise, do ye unfold 
 To countless crowds the praises I have told. 
 Let this time-honour'd verse for ever tell 
 To future days the name I loved so well ; 
 And when at length, alas ! his aged head 
 Shall rest inurn'd among the noble dead, 
 Wider and wider still his praise proclaim, 
 When all of him that lives will be his fame. 
 Thus, by its theme immortal, shall my page 
 Live still perused in every distant age ; 
 Nor spider ever venture to profane 
 With lazy web my laudatory strain. 
 
 Ye know how Venus false my life oppress'd, 
 
 With what destroying flame she scorch'd my breast, 
 
 Hot as the fires that Etna's crater fill, 
 
 Or Malia's springs that boil near Eta's hill. 
 
 With wasting tears my eyes were dim and weak, 
 
 And sorrow's drops for ever bathed my cheek. 
 
 As, springing on some mountain's airy throne, 
 
 The crystal streamlet from the mossy stone 
 
 Through the slope valley hurrying headlong down, 
 
 Crosses'the busy road to some rich town ; 
 
 A blest refreshment to the trav'ller's toil, 
 
 When arid heat has crack'd the fever'd soil. 
 
 As, when through storms the sailor long ha6 pray'd 
 
 To Pollux now, and now for Castor's aid, 
 
 Soft breathes the favouring air and calms the sea ; 
 
 Such Manlius was, such help and bliss to me. 
 
 When narrow bounds confined my poor domain, 
 
 He made me master of a spacious plain ; 
 
 He bounteous placed me in a rich abode, 
 
 And the fond girl, whose love we shared, bestow'd. 
 
CATULLUS. 27 1 
 
 That home my goddess blest : that mansion bore 
 Her graceful foot upon its tell-tale floor ; 
 There oft her creaking sandal, sweet to hear, 
 Foretold the fair one to her lover's ear. 
 
 Thus erst, while love warm'd every blissful thought, 
 Her husband's home Laodamia sought. 
 Too eager bride ! No victim led to die 
 Had yet propitiated the gods on high. 
 (Thy power, dread Nemesis, hath still suppress'd 
 All hopes unsanction'd by the heavens' behest : 
 Hapless, who grasp, unless the gods approve, 
 The proffer 'd gift of glory, wealth, or love !) 
 Soon did she learn how keen the thirsty fane 
 Desires the sacred blood of victims slain, 
 Forced from her parting husband's neck to tear 
 The close embrace that long'd to linger there ; 
 Ere yet two winters in their length of nights 
 Had glutted passion with its own delights ; 
 Or taught the bride, a strength how hard to give ! 
 To lose the mate she loved, and yet to live. 
 The Fates well knew this doom not distant far 
 If the bold chieftain sought the Trojan war. 
 For then had Troy by stealth of Helen's charms 
 Roused 'gainst herself the kings of Greece to arms. 
 Troy, baleful, impious Troy ! the common grave 
 Of Europe's warriors and of Asia's brave ! 
 Troy, whose vast ruin the sad ashes boasts 
 Of wisdom, valour, and unnumber'd hosts ! 
 Troy, where my brother died, untimely torn 
 From the lone wretch whom he has left to mourn ! 
 Alas ! his eyes are closed in lasting gloom ! 
 Brother, our house lies with thee in the tomb ; 
 Thy friendship still my life with pleasures fed, 
 And all my pleasures now with thee are dead. 
 Not 'mid ancestral tombs for ages traced, 
 Nor with the urns of kindred ashes placed ; 
 But hateful Troy, Troy's melancholy plains 
 Hold in ungenial soil thy loved remains. 
 To Troy then hastening, the assembled band 
 Of Grecian youth had left their native land, 
 
272 CATULLUS. 
 
 To burst on Paris with the din of arms, 
 
 To rouse him from th' adulteress matron's charms ; 
 
 Nor let his wrong its lawless rapture shed 
 
 On days of quiet or a peaceful bed. 
 
 'Twas in that hour, that he, beloved too well, 
 Thine heart-dear spouse, Laodamia, fell ; 
 And wild despair with overwhelming flow 
 Hurried thee down the deep abyss of woe. 
 Less deep that gulf described in Grecian lands, 
 Where Pheneus flews and high Cyllene stands, 
 Which pour'd the waste of waters through its drain, 
 And gave to man the firm and fertile plain. 
 Amphytrion's falsely-father'd son, they say, 
 Through the broad mountain clove its lofty way, 
 When, by a worthless lord's command employ'd, 
 His darts the birds of Stymphalus destroy'd : 
 'Twas for a throne in heaven his task he plied, 
 And blooming Hebe for his virgin bride. 
 
 How vast, how deep that gulf upon whose soil 
 A slaving god had spent a lengthen'd toil ! 
 More vast the love that warm'd thy bridal vows ; 
 More deep thy sorrow for thy plighted spouse. 
 Not to the sire so dear, when grey with years, 
 The late-born son an only daughter rears ; 
 Who, soon as first he draws the vital air, 
 Named by his grandsire for his only heir, 
 Blasts the fond hopes that hungry kinsmen fed ; 
 And drives like vultures from the hoary head. 
 Not e'en so much the tender sports of love 
 Please the soft partner of the snowy dove, 
 Who still with fire, to which her mate's is weak, 
 Plucks ceaseless kisses with a clinging beak. 
 (Never can love to manly breasts impart 
 The doting ardour of the female heart.) 
 With all their fires thy glowing passion vied, 
 When first the fair-hair'd warrior claim'd his bride. 
 
 Thus erst, thy bright compeer in love and charms, 
 Light of my life, the damsel sought my arms ; 
 
CATULLUS. 273 
 
 While Cupid, then in saffron vest array'd, 
 Hovering on sportive wing around her play'd. 
 What though, too warin'to freeze in rigid truth, 
 Her love at times may bless some other youth ; 
 Well may her favourite uncomplaining bear 
 The stolen falsehoods of the modest fair. 
 Vex not your amorous lives with jealous pain, 
 Juno, (if such compare be not profane,) 
 Imperial Juno knew the lusts of Jove, 
 Still daily false, yet view'd him still with love. 
 Love, independent love, no care requires, 
 No chilling sanction of intrusive sires ; 
 For by no father's formal conduct brought, 
 No Syrian odours nll'd the home she sought : 
 But on that wondrous night, all nights above ! 
 She gave at once the fullest gift of love ; 
 In that same night bestow'd, in that possess'd, 
 Warm from her lawful bed and husband's breast. 
 Enough that I that night of rapture pass'd, 
 Enough, had e'en that rapture been my last ! 
 
 This gift of verse, 'tis all I can, I send 
 To pay the duties of a grateful friend : 
 This grateful verse shall keep thy name and praise 
 Known and revered through all succeeding days. 
 To thee the gods will every boon supply 
 Which Themis' self, in ages long gone by, 
 Whom never softness sway'd nor favour woo'd, 
 Heap'd on the wise, the pious, and the good. 
 
 Then, Manlius, blest be thou, and blest be she, 
 
 The fair, whose life is life and love to thee ! 
 
 Blest be the lass, who, still of either fond, 
 
 Link'd love and friendship in a common bond : 
 
 Be e'en the mansion blest, whose walls contain'd 
 
 Our fervid sports in passion unrestrain'd ; 
 
 And he who made us friends, from whom hath grown 
 
 The highest solace that my days have known ; 
 
 And blest, more blest than all, that nymph divine, 
 
 Whose life alone can still give bliss to mine. Lamb. 
 
274 CATULLUS. 
 
 LXIX. TO RUFUS. 
 
 Nay, wonder not that no gay nymph will twine 
 
 In am'rous folds her tender frame with thine ! 
 
 Nor think the costly vest, the gem's proud glare, 
 
 ProiFer'd by thee, will ever tempt the fair ! 
 
 A sorry tale they tell ; that thou hast got 
 
 Under thy arms a vile and filthy goat : 
 
 Hence females fly ; nor strange — for never, sure, 
 
 Can the sweet maid a beast in bed endure. 
 
 Then, Rufus, first that noxious pest destroy ; 
 
 Or cease to wonder why the nymphs are coy. Nott. 
 
 LXX. ON THE INCONSTANCY OF WOMAN'S LOVE. 
 
 My Fair says, she no spouse but me 
 Would wed, though Jove himself were he. 
 
 She says it ; but I deem 
 That what the fair to lovers swear 
 Should be inscribed upon the air, 
 
 Or in the running stream. Lamb. 
 
 LXXI. TO VERRO. 
 
 If gouty pangs, or a rank goatish smell, 
 
 Did ever with poor mortal justly dwell ; 
 
 Thy rival, Virro, to console thy care, 
 
 Hath got of each disease an ample share : 
 
 For, when in hot embrace the lovers burn, 
 
 She's choked with stench, and he with gout is torn. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 LXXII. TO LESBIA, 
 ON HER FALSEHOOD. 
 
 To me alone, thou said'st, thy love was true, 
 
 And true should be, though Jove himself might woo. 
 
 I loved thee, Lesbia, not as rakes may prize 
 
 The favourite wanton who has pleased their eyes ; 
 
 Mine was a tender glow, a purer zeal ; 
 
 'Twas all the parent for the child can feel. 
 
CATULLUS. 27; 
 
 Thy common falsehood now, thyself I know ; 
 
 And though my frame with fiercer heat may glow, 
 
 Yet Lesbia 's vile and worthless in my sight, 
 
 Compared with Lesbia once my heart's delight ; 
 
 Nor wonder passion's unrestrain'd excess 
 
 Makes me desire thee more, but love thee less. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Thou told'st me, in our days of love, 
 
 That I had all that heart of thine ; 
 That ev'n to share the couch of Jove, 
 
 Thou wouldst not, Lesbia, part from mine. 
 
 How purely wert thou worshipp'd then ! 
 
 Not with the vague and vulgar fires 
 Which Beauty wakes in soulless men, — 
 
 But loved, as children by their sires. 
 
 That nattering dream, alas, is o'er ; — 
 I know thee now — and though these eyes 
 
 Dote on thee wildly as before, 
 Yet, ev'n in doting, I despise. 
 
 Yes, sorceress — mad as it may seem — 
 With all thy craft, such spells adorn thee, 
 
 That passion ev'n outlives esteem, 
 
 And I at once adore — and scorn thee. Moore. 
 
 LXXIII. ON AN INGRATE. 
 
 Cease, cease to toil for thanks, to merit well, 
 Or think that gratitude with man can dwell. 
 All are ungrateful. Selfish sloth 's the trade, 
 The only course by which we are repaid. 
 This hateful truth still more and more I rue, 
 vStill more each day and hour I feel it true. 
 
 Alas for me ! whom no one hates so sore, 
 Whom no one angers, injures, tortures more, 
 Than he who owes me all man ever owes 
 To the first, best, and only friend he knows. Lamb, 
 t 2 
 
276 CATULLUS. 
 
 LXXIV. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 Gellius had frequently been told, 
 
 His uncle used to rave and scold, 
 
 If any of his friends should be 
 
 Doing or talking wantonly : 
 
 He, to avoid reproof and strife, 
 
 Affects to flout his uncle's wife ; 
 
 His uncle silent, and his friend 
 
 Thus made, Gellius had gain'd his end ; 
 
 Who now this very uncle jeers, 
 
 And not one word of censure fears. Nott. 
 
 LXXV. TO LESBIA. 
 
 No fair was ever yet so dear 
 
 As thou, my Lesbia, wert to me ; 
 No faith was ever so sincere * 
 
 As that which bound my heart to thee. 
 
 Now even by thy frailties caught, 
 
 So strai'tly is my will confined ; 
 The tender duties it hath wrought 
 
 So wholly have enslaved my mind ; 
 
 Practise each virtue o'er and o'er, 
 
 Or every vice in turn approve, 
 Nor that could make me love thee more, 
 
 Nor this could make me cease to love. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 No nymph among the much-loved few 
 
 Is loved as thou art loved by me : 
 No love was e'er so fond, so true, 
 
 As my fond love, sweet maid, for thee ! 
 
 Yes, e'en thy faults, bewitching dear ! 
 
 With such delights my soul possess, 
 That whether faithless or sincere, 
 
 I cannot love thee more, nor less ! Anon. 
 
CATULLUS. 277 
 
 LXXVI. THE LOVER'S PETITION. 
 TO HIMSELF. 
 
 If virtuous deeds, if honour ever fair, 
 
 Pleasure the memory and console the mind ; 
 
 And faith preserved, and pious vows that ne'er 
 Attested heaven to deceive mankind ; 
 
 Then great the bliss that waits your future day, 
 From thy past passion for this thankless maid ; 
 
 For all that tenderest love could do or say 
 By thee, Catullus, has been done and said. 
 
 'Twas vain ; false Lesbia's breast forgot it all. 
 
 Why on this rack thy heart then longer stretch ? 
 Cast off, undauntedly, your slothful thrall, 
 
 And cease, in spite of heaven, to be a wretch. 
 
 'Tis hard to lay long-cherish'd love aside ; 
 
 Tis hard at once. But 'tis your only plan ; 
 'Tis all your hope. This love must be defied ; 
 
 Nor think you cannot, but assert you can. 
 
 Ye gods, if pity 's yours, if e'er ye raise 
 
 The wretch who sinks by hovering death opprest, 
 
 Oh ! look on me. — If I have lived with praise, 
 Root out this plague and fury from my breast ; 
 
 Which, like a torpor creeping through my frame, 
 Have peace and pleasure from my heart displaced. 
 
 I ask not that she should return my flame, 
 Or, what e'en ye could never give, be chaste : 
 
 I ask to have my life again mine own, 
 
 Eased of the languid load that on me weighs. 
 
 Oh! grant me this, ye gods ; with this alone 
 Repay my piety, and bless my days. Lamb. 
 
 LXXVIL TO RUFUS. 
 
 Rufus, oh thou I deem'd my friend, on whom 
 I love in vain and fruitless trust bestow'd. — 
 
278 CATULLUS. 
 
 Fruitless", ah no ! for from that trust a doom 
 Of heaviest loss and sad misfortune flow'd. 
 
 Thus didst thou creep into my secret breast ; 
 
 And. wasting thus my very heart with woe, 
 'Reft from me all that yet my life had bless'd, 
 
 And all the future bliss it hoped to know ? 
 
 Alas ! alas ! thou poison of my days ! 
 
 Alas ! alas ! my easy friendship's pest ! 
 And now thy noisome mouth 's foul dew bewrays 
 
 That purest fair's pure lip I oft have press'd. 
 
 Yet not unpunish'd shall thy falsehood go, 
 That thus destroys my love's ecstatic flame : 
 
 All ages foul and base thy life shall know, 
 
 And Fame, when doting, gossip of thy shame. Lamb. 
 
 LXXVIII. ON GALLUS. 
 
 Two brothers has Gallus : the one 
 Boasts a wife most seducingly fair ; 
 
 The other is blest with a son 
 As seducing in person and air. 
 
 Now Gallus, so weak, so gallant, 
 
 Would the beautiful stripling persuade 
 
 To make a bold push at his aunt, 
 
 And entice the sweet thing to his bed : 
 
 But Gallus must surely want thought ; 
 
 For, since married, methinks it should strike, 
 That nephews, so charmingly taught, 
 
 Will cornute every uncle alike. Nott. 
 
 LXXIX. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 Gellius is handsome. — I agree. — 
 Yes, Lesbia would thy race and thee 
 
 For him, Catullus, spurn. 
 Yet he shall all my race devote 
 To sale, if but three men of note 
 
 His greeting will return. 
 
CATULLUS. 279 
 
 Whom Rome abhors, her sons despise. 
 And pass with scorn-averted eyes, 
 
 My anger ne'er can move. 
 I do not envy, cannot hate ; 
 I grudge him, bought at such a rate, 
 
 Not even Lesbia's love. Lamb. 
 
 LXXX. TO GELLIUS. 
 
 Whence can those lips, that far out-shamed the rose, 
 Assume a paleness like the wintry snows ; 
 When from his home each morning Gellius flies. 
 Or when at two in summer noons he '11 rise ? 
 Fame whispers then, (but does she whisper right ?) 
 " Too much thou revel'st in obscene delight." — 
 Fame whispers right ; for thy parch'd lips must show 
 Thy lustful flame ; nay, Virro tells it too. Nott. 
 
 LXXXI. TO JUVENTIUS. 
 
 Couldst thou, in all the Roman race, 
 
 No youth more pleasing see ; 
 And could thy favour no one grace 
 
 A worthier friend for thee, 
 Than one of that unhealthy crew 
 
 From damp Pisaurus' vale ? 
 The gilded "statue's sallow hue 
 
 Is never half so pale. 
 
 Is such a wretch so dearly prized 
 
 By thy disgusting whim ; 
 And must I be by thee despised, 
 
 And also yield to him ? 
 
 Thou canst not see this foul abuse, 
 
 I fain would think, in kindness ; 
 And for thee seek thy sole excuse 
 
 In ignorance and blindness. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Can none of all the Roman race 
 
 Engage your heart ? and shall alone 
 
280 CATULLUS. 
 
 Be folded in your fond embrace 
 One of Pisaurus' sickly town ! 
 
 The wretch whom you so much prefer, 
 
 Is sallow as a gilded bust : 
 But, sweet fav'rite, have a care ! 
 
 You little know to whom you trust. Nott. 
 
 LXXXII. TO QUINTIUS. 
 
 Quintius, if 'tis thy wish and will 
 That I should owe my eyes to thee, 
 
 Or anything that 's dearer still, 
 
 If aught that 's dearer there can be ; 
 
 Then rob me not of that I prize, 
 Of the dear form that is to me, 
 
 Oh ! far, far dearer than my eyes, 
 
 Or aught, if dearer aught there be. Lamb. 
 
 LXXXIII. ON LESBIA'S HUSBAND. 
 
 Lesbia still loads me with abuse, 
 And when her husband 's by, the goose 
 
 O'erjoys to hear her flout me. 
 Dolt ! were she mute, did she not deign 
 To speak my name, 't would then be plain 
 
 She cared no jot about me. 
 
 But while she me for ever chides, 
 'Tis plain she thinks of none besides : 
 
 Indifference never spent 
 On one despised such daily din ; 
 And hot must be the flames within 
 
 That need such constant vent. Lamb. 
 
 LXXXIV. ON ARRIUS. 
 
 When Arrius would commodious say, 
 Chommodious always was his way ; 
 And when insidious he would name, 
 Straight from his lips hinsidious came : 
 
CATULLUS. 281 
 
 Nay more, he thought, with that strong swell, 
 He spoke hinsidious wondrous well. 
 His uncle Liber, and his mother, 
 I doubt not, so address'd each other ; 
 And that his grandsire, and grandame, 
 By female line, did just the same. 
 
 When Arrius was to Syria sent, 
 Each wearied ear became content : 
 But now no more these words displease, 
 Pronounced with neatness and with ease ; 
 Of aspiration no one thought ; 
 When sudden this dread news was brought, 
 That Arrius was return'd, and, strange ! 
 Had dared th' Ionian sea to change ; 
 For 'twas no more th' Ionian sea, 
 But the Hionian, from that day. Nott. 
 
 LXXXV. ON HIS OWN LOVE. 
 
 I hate and love — ask why — I can't explain ; 
 I feel 'tis so, and feel it racking pain. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 I love thee and hate thee, but if I can tell 
 The cause of my love and my hate, may I die ! 
 
 I can feel it, alas ! I can feel it too well, 
 
 That 1 love thee and hate thee, but cannot tell why. 
 
 Moore. 
 
 LXXXVI. THE COMPARISON. 
 
 OX QUIXTIA AND LESBIA. , 
 
 The crowd of beauteous Quintia prate : 
 To me she is but fair and straight ; 
 
 So far I can comply. 
 Those stated charms her form displays ; 
 But still the full, the general praise 
 
 Of beauteous I deny. 
 
 No grain of sprightliness or grace 
 In all her lofty form we trace. 
 I Lesbia beauteous call : 
 
282 CATULLUS. 
 
 Who, stealing from the lovely host 
 The separate charms each fair could boast, 
 Herself united all. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Quintia is beauteous in the million's eye : 
 
 Yes — beauteous in particulars, I own ; 
 Fair-skinn'd, straight-shaped, tall-sized ; yet I deny 
 
 A beauteous whole ; of charmingness there's none : 
 In all that height of figure there is not 
 A seasoning spice of that — I know not what ; 
 That piquant something, grace without a name : 
 But Lesbia's air is charming as her frame ; 
 Yes — Lesbia, beauteous in one graceful whole, 
 From all her sex their single graces stole. Elton. 
 
 LXXXVIII. TO GELLIUS. 
 
 Tell me, Gellius, what merits that fellow who '11 itch 
 For his mother and sisters ; and stript of his vest, 
 
 Waste the whole night with either, 'tis no matter which, 
 Or the conjugal bliss of his uncle molest ? 
 
 Dost thou know the extent of his baseness, I say ? 
 
 So enormous it is that great Tethys in vain, 
 With old Ocean, who fathers the Nymphs of the sea, 
 
 Would attempt to wash out the indelible stain. 
 
 5 Tis so great, 'tis a crime of such matchless offence, 
 
 That the wretch of all wretches is scarce more to blame, 
 
 Who, deaf to the dictates of nature and sense, 
 
 Lays his hand on himself, and bows down to his shame. 
 
 Nott. 
 
 LXXXIX. ON GELLIUS. 
 
 From Genius' and his parent's guilt shall rise 
 A sage deep vers'd in Eastern sacrifice ; 
 For, as from Persian oracles we learn, 
 Of son and mother must the sage be born ; 
 Soon for the gods the solemn song he'll frame, 
 And cast the entrails in the mystic flame. Nott. 
 
CATULLUS. 283 
 
 XCI. TO GELLIUS. 
 
 Gellius, my hope, that thou wouldst faithful prove 
 
 To the rash trust of my unhappy love, 
 
 On no tried honesty nor truth relied, 
 
 No dread of infamy nor jealous pride. 
 
 But not from thee could my confided fair 
 
 Claim filial duty or fraternal care : 
 
 No incest heighten'd with its richer gust 
 
 The simple treachery of the broken trust. 
 
 Though I, 'twas true, from thee could justly claim 
 All that is due to friendship's holy name ; 
 Still did I deem thy daring love for crime 
 Sought richer prey and trophies more sublime ; 
 Nor such trite petty sin could aught impart 
 To suit the blacker relish of thy heart. 
 
 But I was fool'd. — Thy guilt can e'en descend 
 
 To spoil a female or betray a friend. 
 
 Thine avarice lets no sin that 's offer'd go, 
 
 Still grasps the high, but ne'er neglects the low ; 
 
 While amply gorged with crimes of highest price, 
 
 Still finds some pleasure in the smallest vice. Lamb. 
 
 XCII. UPON LESBIA'S ABUSE OF HIM. 
 
 Lesbia still rails at me when by, 
 Still does the same though far I fly ; 
 Yet Lesbia loves me, or I '11 die. 
 
 You ask me how I tell : 
 How ! why for ever do not I 
 Retort her words ? yet let me die 
 
 But I love Lesbia well. Lamb. 
 
 XCIII. and XCIV. ON C^SAE. 
 
 So little I for Caesar care, 
 
 Whatever his complexion be, 
 That whether dark, or whether fair, 
 
 I vow 'tis all the same to me ! 
 
284 CATULLUS. 
 
 His favourite so debauch'd is got, 
 Yes, so debauch'd is his rank blood, 
 
 Folks say, he 's like a kitchen pot 
 
 That 's cramm'd with ev'ry dainty food. Nott. 
 
 XCV. ON " SMYRNA ; " 
 
 A POEM WRITTEN BY CTNNA. 
 
 Smyrna, my Cinna's poem, which nine years 
 His Muse hath labour'd, now at length appears ; 
 While brisk Hortensius hath conceived, and done, 
 And given the world five thousand lines in one. 
 Far Atrax' waves will hear of Smyrna's name, 
 And latest ages still keep Smyrna's fame ; 
 The while Volusius' Annals, soon forgot, 
 Shall wrap up herrings and in Padua rot. - 
 
 The smaller labours of poetic art 
 
 Still please my feelings most and touch my heart ; 
 
 But let the crowd's applauses still be cast 
 
 On long Antimachus and dull bombast. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Smyrna, my Cinna's little book, has ta'en 
 Its author nine years' labour of the brain, 
 When swift Hortensius has, in less than one, 
 Of fifty thousand lines a volume done. 
 But here 's the difference : times unborn shall hear 
 Smyrna rehearsed with an attentive ear. 
 When vile Hortensius' short-lived work shall die, 
 Neglected by our ear and by our eye ; 
 For nothing fit, though noisy and sublime, 
 But to wrap mack'rel with in mack'rel time. 
 Oh ! let my verse be few, but great my pains ; 
 None but the mob can like Antimachus's strains. 
 
 Anon. 
 
 XCVI. TO CALVUS. 
 ON THE DEATH OF QUINTILIA. 
 
 Calvus, if any joy from mortal tears 
 
 Can touch the feelings of the silent dead ; 
 
CATULLUS. 285 
 
 When dwells regret on loves of former years, 
 
 Or weeps o'er friendships that have long been fled, 
 
 Oh ! then far less will be Quintilia's woe 
 
 At early death and fate's severe decree, 
 Than the pure pleasure she will feel to know 
 
 How well, how truly she was loved by thee ! Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 If e'er in human grief there breathe a spell 
 
 To charm the silent tomb, and soothe the dead ; 
 When soft regrets on past affections dwell, 
 
 And o'er fond friendships lost, our tears are shed ; 
 Sure, a less pang must touch Quintilia's shade 
 
 While hov'ring o'er her sad, untimely bier, 
 Than keen-felt joy that spirit pure pervade, 
 
 To witness that her Calvus held her dear. Elton. 
 
 XCVII. ON ^EMILIUS. 
 
 By all that 's sacred I declare 
 
 I 'm doubtful which I should prefer ; 
 
 Whether, ^Emilius, I would choose 
 
 Thy odious mouth, to feast my nose, 
 
 Or that more odious part, which shame 
 
 Forbids me in my verse to name ! 
 
 Neither is over-clean at best ; 
 
 But if I must, I 'd take the last ; 
 
 It 's toothless sure ; whereas, you know 
 
 Your mouth has tusks a yard or so ; 
 
 Has gums so full of holes and stink, 
 
 'Twas a worm-eaten chest you 'd think ; 
 
 And then its width ! which to my mind 
 
 Brings some toil'd mule that 's oft inclined 
 
 To stale, when, chafed by summer heats, ' 
 
 The brine's lax aperture dilates. 
 
 Yet to the nymphs this homely swain 
 
 Makes love, and of his form is vain : 
 
 Oh, worthier sure a lash to feel, 
 
 And work with asses at the mill ! 
 
 Who 'd kiss that wretch might kiss, I swear, 
 
 A pale-faced hangman you know where. Nott. 
 
286 CATULLUS. 
 
 XCVIII. TO VETTIUS. 
 
 Whate'er is said that 's rude and gross 
 To the most silly and verbose, 
 May well with meaning j ust and true 
 Be, foul-rnouth'd Vettius, said to you. 
 Your rugged tongue might sound and whole 
 Lick e'en the ploughboy's filthy sole. 
 
 If all you know, 't would give you joy 
 
 To blast, to injure, and destroy, 
 
 But ope your mouth the wish to teach, 
 
 And no one can outlive the speech. Lamb. 
 
 XCIX. THE PROMISE. 
 TO HIS LOVE. 
 
 While playfully sporting, I ventured to snatch 
 A kiss from thy lips, dearest maid of my soul ; 
 
 And all heaven's ambrosia itself could not match 
 The ravishing sweetness of that which I stole. 
 
 Ah ! 'twas not unpunish'd. — I suffer'd more pain 
 Than the crucified wretch left to linger awhile. 
 
 For pardon I sued ; but not tears could obtain 
 One accent of kindness, one favouring smile. 
 
 You scornfully cleansed from the lip I 'd possessed 
 Every trace, every feeling by mine left behind ; 
 
 And wash'd it, as if by some profligate prest, 
 The foulest in person and basest in mind : 
 
 You sought every method to banish my bliss, 
 And Love the tormentor's rough duty embraced ; 
 
 Till all its ambrosia was lost to the kiss, 
 
 And 'twas bitter as bitterest hellebore's taste. 
 
 If this penance must follow each amorous slip, 
 From such thefts I for ever an abstinence vow ; 
 
 For not even the sweetness I taste on your lip 
 
 Can repay me the anger that sits on your brow. Lamb. 
 
CATULLUS. 287 
 
 CI. THE RITES AT HIS BROTHER'S GRAVE. 
 
 Brother, I come o'er many seas and lands 
 To the sad rite which pious love ordains, 
 
 To pay thee the last gift that death demands ; 
 And oft, though vain, invoke thy mute remains : 
 
 Since death has ravish'd half myself in thee, 
 
 wretched brother, sadly torn from me ! 
 
 And now ere fate our souls shall re-unite, 
 To give me back all it hath snatch'd away, 
 
 Receive the gifts, our fathers' ancient rite 
 To shades departed still was wont to pay ; 
 
 Gifts wet with tears of heartfelt grief that tell, 
 
 And ever, brother, bless thee, and farewell ! Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Slow pacing on, o'er many a land and sea, 
 
 Brother ! I come to thy sad obsequy : 
 
 The last fond tribute to the dead impart, 
 
 And call thee, speechless ashes as thou art, 
 
 Alas, in vain ! since fate has ravish'd thee, 
 
 E'en thee, thyself, poor brother ! torn from me 
 
 By too severe a blow ; let this be paid, 
 
 This rite of ancestry, to soothe thy shade ; 
 
 Let this, all bathed in tears, my friendship tell, 
 
 And oh ! for ever bless thee ! and farewell ! Elton. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 O'er many a realm, o'er many an ocean tost, 
 
 1 come, my brother, to salute thy ghost ! 
 Thus on thy tomb sad honour to bestow, 
 And vainly call the silent dust below. 
 
 Thou too art gone ! Yes, thee I must resign, 
 
 My more than brother — ah ! no longer mine. 
 
 The funeral rites to ancient Romans paid, 
 
 Duly I pay to thy lamented shade. 
 
 Take them — these tears their heart-felt homage tell ; 
 
 And now — all hail for ever, and farewell ! Hodgson. 
 
288 CATULLUS. 
 
 CII. INVITATION TO CONFIDENCE. 
 
 TO CORNELIUS. 
 
 If e'er friend dared a secret impart 
 
 To the friend in whose faith he believed ; 
 
 Or in any affectionate heart 
 
 Confided, and was not deceived : 
 
 Believe me, Cornelius, as just; 
 
 To secrecy's duties as true. 
 There needs but a friend who will trust 
 
 To make me Harpocrates too. Lamb. 
 
 CIIL THE ALTERNATIVE. 
 TO SILO. 
 
 Silo, restore the sums I 
 
 And lay aside the pander's trade 
 
 To seek an honest name : 
 Then practise every coarse affront, 
 Be noisy, quarrelsome, and blunt ; 
 
 And I will nothing blame. 
 
 But if you venal pass your days, 
 Then low obedience, servile praise, 
 
 Must be your fitting mood. 
 A cheat and pander must not wear 
 Such rudeness as we scarce forbear 
 
 To censure in the good. Lamb. 
 
 CIV. TO SOME ONE, 
 WHO SPREAD RUMOURS CONCERNING HIMSELF AND LESBIA. 
 
 Did you believe that I had cursed 
 My heart, my life, my cherish'd fair ? 
 
 No cause inflamed my rage to burst ; 
 
 Or had I cause, the gravest, worst, 
 My desperate love must still forbear. 
 
CATULLUS. 289 
 
 But whence the tale I well conceive, 
 
 For when with noise and wine elated, 
 When with your tavern host at eve, 
 Let one but talk and one believe, 
 
 And any miracle 's created. Lamb. 
 
 CV. ON MAMURRA. 
 
 Lo ! Formian, in his daring flight, 
 
 Would soar to Pimpla's tuneful brow ; 
 
 But, with their pitchforks, from the height 
 
 The Muses chuck him down below. Nott. 
 
 CVI. ON AN AUCTIONEER. 
 
 When along with a sly auctioneer 
 Such a dainty young thing we behold, 
 
 To the world it must surely appear, 
 
 That its beauty is meant to be sold. Nott. 
 
 CVII. THE RECONCILIATION. 
 TO LESBIA. 
 
 When the first wish the bosom knows, 
 
 But hope has never dared to plight, 
 Some unexpected hour bestows, 
 How heartfelt is the mind's delight ! 
 
 Thus grateful to my lovesick vow, 
 Than all the wealthiest can acquire 
 
 More precious far, thus, Lesbia, thou 
 Restor'st thyself to my desire. 
 
 Yes, thou restor'st thyself, my fair, 
 
 When high my love, but hope how dark ! 
 
 And this recorded day shall bear 
 Of all my life the happiest mark. 
 
 I ask the prosperous crowd in vain 
 For one possess'd of greater bliss : 
 
 Yes, challenge thought itself to feign 
 
 A boon that blesses more than this. Lamb. 
 
290 CATULLUS. 
 
 CVIII. TO COMINIUS. 
 
 If your foul age, which every vice defiles, 
 Were doom'd, Cominius, by the people's law ; 
 
 First your coarse tongue, that all the good reviles, 
 Cut out, would glut the vulture's hungry maw ; 
 
 The crow's black gorge your torn-out eyes digest ; 
 
 Your entrails dogs devour, and wolves the rest. Lamb. 
 
 CIX. LESBIA'S VOW OF CONSTANCY. 
 ADDRESSED TO HERSELF. 
 
 Dost thou, my life, a tender bond propose 
 Of lasting truth and constant love's delights ? 
 
 Gods grant, that truly from thy heart it flows, 
 And nerve that heart to keep the faith it plights ! 
 
 Thus let their hallow'd vows, their fond career 
 Till both shall end, our lives and loves pursue ; 
 
 And coming time through each succeeding year 
 
 Find me as fond as now, and her as true. Lamb. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Say you, my life, that we shall ever love ? 
 
 Oh ! may no time the pleasing words disprove ! 
 
 Heav'n to these words eternal truth impart ; 
 
 Let her have breathed them from her inmost heart ; 
 
 And through our lives to Lesbia's spirit grant 
 
 Firmness to keep this holy covenant. Hodgson. 
 
 CX. TO AUFILENA. 
 
 I like girls, Aufilena, of consciences nice, 
 
 For the favours they grant who are honestly paid ; 
 
 But you, who have cheated, and taken the price 
 Of the love you withhold, are an infamous jade. 
 
 'Tis an honest girl's part, what she 's promised, to do ; 
 
 'T were a modest one's not to have promised the deed : 
 But she who can jilt, while she pockets like you 
 
 The money for favours she will not concede, 
 
CATULLUS. .291 
 
 Commits a base fraud, which would shame and disgrace 
 The lowest and worst of the prostitute race. Lamb. 
 
 CXI. TO AUFILENA. 
 
 With only one fond spouse to live content, 
 
 O Aufilena ! best becomes the bride ; 
 Yet, if thou art on prostitution bent, 
 
 Go sin with those to whom thou'rt not allied ; 
 But let no uncle share thy body's shame, 
 Nor raise up children thou must blush to name. Nott. 
 
 CXII. OX XASO. 
 
 Does greatness to that man belong, 
 
 (And in thy own esteem, I know, 
 Thou'rt counted great,) who in lust's throng 
 
 Descends to all that's vile and low ? — 
 Naso, it does : for we behold in thee 
 Greatness, combined with lustful infamy. Nott. 
 
 CXIII. THE GROWTH OF ADULTERY. 
 
 TO CINNA. 
 
 When Pompey was Rome's Consul first, 
 'Twas but with two adulterers curst ; 
 And, Cinna, when again he reign'd, 
 Those two, still unreform'd, remain'd. 
 But, ah ! so skill'd their trade to teach, 
 A thousand then had sprung from each. 
 
 For easier much can love be grown 
 
 For others' wives than for our own. Lamb. 
 
 CXIV. TO MAMURRA. 
 ON fflS ESTATE. 
 
 Justly, Mamurra, does your Formian land 
 The grateful epithet of rich command : 
 All rural wealth, all wholesome fruits abound, 
 And fish, and game, and plough'd and pasture ground, 
 u 2 
 
292 CATULLUS. 
 
 Yet spite of all, how great your own distress, 
 Who squander three times more than you possess. 
 Rich then you are, if 'tis a name alone, 
 And means your farm's abundance, not your own. 
 
 Lamb. 
 
 CXV. ON MENTULA. 
 
 Formianus, that vile debauchee, is possest 
 
 Of a good thirty acres of meadow at least, 
 
 With some full forty more, all in arable lands ; 
 
 Nay, whole oceans of fortune the letcher commands. 
 
 With the wealth of rich Croesus his wealth surely vies, 
 
 So immensely extended his opulence lies : 
 
 His huge forests, his moors, with grove, pasture, and plain, 
 
 Would reach furthermost Scythia, or stretch o'er the main : 
 
 Yet this wretch, who such ample possessions can boast, 
 
 Is a blustering, bawdy poltroon at the most. Nott. 
 
 CXVI. TO GELLIUS. 
 
 Gellius, I oft in thought debated, 
 
 Whether I should the poem send 
 I from Callimachus translated, 
 
 For you to criticise and mend. 
 
 I hoped it might have soothed your hate, 
 And all your weak attempts have ended, 
 
 Poor fly ! to sting my well-arm'd pate 
 By store of weapons well defended. 
 
 But vain I find is all my toil ; 
 
 You will not to my wish incline. 
 So still my cloak your darts shall foil ; 
 
 While you shall keenly smart with mine. Lamb. 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 The spring, the new, the warbling spring appears, 
 The youthful season of reviving years ; 
 In spring the loves enkindle mutual heats, 
 The feather'd nation choose their tuneful mates, 
 The trees grow fruitful with descending rain, 
 And, drest in different greens, adorn the plain. 
 She comes ; to-morrow beauty's empress roves 
 Through walks that winding run within the groves ; 
 She twines the shooting myrtle into bowers, 
 And ties their meeting tops with wreaths of flowers ; 
 Then, raised sublimely on her easy throne, 
 From nature's powerful dictates draws her own. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 'Twas on that day which saw the teeming flood 
 Swell round, impregnate with celestial blood ; 
 Wand'ring in circles stood the finny crew, 
 The rest was left a void expanse of blue ; 
 Then parent ocean work'd with heaving throes, 
 And dripping wet the fair Dione rose. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 She paints the purple year with varied show, 
 Tips the green gem, and makes the blossom glow. 
 She makes the turgid buds receive the breeze, 
 Expand to leaves and shade the naked trees. 
 When gath'ring damps the misty nights diffuse, 
 She sprinkles all the morn with balmy dews ; 
 
294 THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 Bright trembling pearls depend at every spray, 
 And kept from falling, seem to fall away. 
 A glossy freshness hence the rose receives, 
 And blushes sweet through all her silken leaves ; 
 (The drops descending through the silent night, 
 While stars serenely roll their golden light ;) 
 Close till the morn her humid veil she holds ; 
 Then deck'dwith virgin pomp the flower unfolds. 
 Soon will the morning blush, ye maids, prepare ; 
 In rosy garlands bind your flowing hair ; 
 'Tis Venus' plant : the blood fair Venus shed, 
 O'er the gay beauty pour'd immortal red : 
 From love's soft kiss a sweet ambrosial smell 
 Was taught for ever on the leaves to dwell ; 
 From gems, from flames, from orient rays of light, 
 The richest lustre makes her purple bright ; 
 And she to-morrow weds ; the sportive gale 
 Unties her zone ; she bursts the verdant veil ; 
 Through all her sweets the rifling lover flies, 
 And as he breathes, her glowing fires arise. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 Now fair Dione to the myrtle grove 
 Sends the gay Nymphs, and sends her tender love. 
 And shall they venture ? Is it safe to go, 
 While nymphs have hearts and Cupid wears a bow ? 
 • Yes, safely venture ; 'tis his mother's will ; 
 He walks unarm'd and undesiring ill ; 
 His torch extinct, his quiver useless hung, 
 His arrows idle, and his bow unstrung. 
 And yet, ye nymphs, beware, his eyes have charms ; 
 And love that 's naked, still is love in arms. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 From Venus' bower to Delia's lodge repairs 
 
 A virgin train complete with modest airs : 
 
 " Chaste Delia, grant our suit ! oh shun the wood, 
 
 Nor stain this sacred lawn with savage blood. 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 295 
 
 Venus, Delia, if she could persuade, 
 "Would ask thy presence, might she ask a maid." 
 Here cheerful choirs for three auspicious nights 
 With songs prolong the pleasurable rites : 
 Her crowds in measures lightly decent move ; 
 Or seek by parrs the covert of the grove, 
 Where meeting greens for arbours arch above, 
 And mingling flowerets strew the scenes of love. 
 Here dancing Ceres shakes her golden sheaves ; 
 Here Bacchus revels, deckt with viny leaves ; 
 Here wit's enchanting god, in laurel crown'd, 
 Wakes all the ravish'd hours with silver sound. 
 Ye fields, ye forests, own Dione's reign, 
 And Delia, huntress Delia, shun the plain. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved now love the more. 
 
 Gay with the bloom of all her opening year, 
 The Queen at Hybla bids her throne appear, 
 And there presides ; and there the fav'rite band, 
 Her smiling Graces, share the great command. 
 Now, beauteous Hybla ! dress thy flowery beds 
 With all the pride the lavish season sheds ; 
 Now all thy colours, all thy fragrance yield, 
 And rival Enna's aromatic field. 
 To fill the presence of the gentle court 
 From every quarter rural Nymphs resort, 
 From woods, from mountains, from these humble vales, 
 From waters curling with the wanton gales. 
 Pleased with the joyful train, the laughing Queen 
 In circles seats them round the bank of green ; 
 And, "lovely girls," she whispers, "guard your hearts; 
 1 My boy, though stript of arms, abounds in arts." 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 Let tender grass in shaded alleys spread ; 
 Let early flowers erect their painted head ; 
 To-morrow's glory be to-morrow seen ; 
 That day old Ether wedded Earth in green. 
 
296 THE VIGIL OP VENUS. 
 
 The vernal father bade the spring appear, 
 In clouds he coupled to produce the year ; 
 The sap descending o'er her bosom ran, 
 And all the various sorts of soul began 
 By wheels unknown to sight, by secret veins 
 Distilling life ; the fruitful goddess reigns 
 Through all the lovely realms of native day, 
 Through all the circled land and circling sea ; 
 With fertile seed she fill'd the pervious earth, 
 And ever fix'd the mystic ways of birth. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 'Twas she, the parent, to the Latian shore 
 Through various dangers Troy's remainder bore. 
 She won Lavinia for her warlike son, 
 And winning her, the Latian empire won. 
 She gave to Mars the maid whose honour'd womb 
 Swell'd with the founder of immortal Rome. 
 Decoy'd by shows the Sabine dames she led, 
 And taught our vigorous youth the means to wed. 
 Hence sprung the Romans, hence the race divine 
 Through which great Caesar draws his Julian line. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 In rural seats the soul of pleasure reigns ; 
 The love of Beauty fills the rural scenes : 
 Ev'n Love (if fame the truth of Love declare) 
 Drew first the breathings of a rural air, 
 Some pleasing meadow pregnant Beauty prest, 
 She laid her infant on its bowery breast ; 
 From nature's sweets he supp'd the fragrant dew, 
 He smiled, he kiss'd them, and by kissing grew. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before ; 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 Now bulls o'er stalks of broom extend their sides, 
 Secure of favours from their lowing brides. 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 297 
 
 Now stately rams their fleecy consorts lead, 
 
 Who bleating follow through the wand'ring shade. 
 
 And now the goddess bids the birds appear, 
 
 Raise all their music, and salute the year ; 
 
 Then deep the swan begins, and deep the song 
 
 Runs o'er the water where he sails along ; 
 
 While Philomela tunes a treble strain, 
 
 And from the poplar charms the list'ning plain. 
 
 We fancy love exprest at every note ; 
 
 It melts, it warbles in her liquid throat. 
 
 Of barbarous Tereus she complains no more, 
 
 But sings for pleasure, as for grief before. 
 
 And still her graces rise, her airs extend, 
 
 And all is silence till the syren end. 
 
 How long in coming is my lovely spring ? 
 
 And when shall I, and when the swallow sing ? 
 
 Sweet Philomela, cease ; — or here I sit, 
 
 And silent loose my rapturous hour of wit. 
 
 'Tis gone ; the fit retires, the flames decay ; 
 
 My tuneful Phoebus flies averse away. 
 
 His own Amyclse thus, as stories run, 
 
 But once was silent, and that once undone. 
 
 Let those love now, who never loved before, 
 And those who always loved, now love the more. 
 
 Parnell. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 [First printed 1651. ] 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 The spring appears, in which the earth 
 Receives a new harmonious birth ; 
 When all things mutual love unites ; 
 When birds perform their nuptial rites ; 
 And fruitful by her watery lover, 
 Each grove its tresses doth recover. 
 Love's Queen to-morrow, in the shade, 
 Which by these verdant trees is made, 
 
298 THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 Their sprouting tops in wreaths shall bind, 
 And myrtles into arbours wind ; 
 To-morrow, raised on a high throne, 
 Dione shall her laws make known. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 Then the round ocean's foaming flood 
 Immingled with celestial blood, 
 'Mongst the blue purple of the main, 
 And horses whom two feet sustain, 
 Rising Dione did beget 
 With fruitful waters dropping wet. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 With flowery jewels everywhere 
 She paints the purple-colour'd year ; 
 She, when the rising bud receives 
 Favonius' breath, thrusts forth the leaves, 
 The naked roof with these t' adorn ; 
 She the transparent dew o' th' morn, 
 Which the thick air of night still uses 
 To leave behind, in rain diffuses ; 
 These tears with orient brightness shine, 
 Whilst they with trembling weight decline, 
 Whose every drop, into a small 
 Clear orb distill'd, sustains its fall. 
 Pregnant with these the bashful rose 
 Her purple blushes doth disclose. 
 The drops of falling dew that are 
 Shed in calm nights by every star, 
 She in her humid mantle holds, 
 And then her virgin leaves unfolds. 
 I' th' morn, by her command, each maid 
 With dewy roses is array'd ; 
 Which from Cythera's crimson blood, 
 From the soft kisses Love bestow'd, 
 From jewels, from the radiant flame, 
 And the sun's purple lustre, came. 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 299 
 
 She to her spouse shall married be 
 To-morrow ; not ashamed that he 
 Should with a single knot untie 
 Her fiery garment's purple dye. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 The goddess hade the nymphs remove 
 
 Unto the shady myrtle grove ; 
 
 The boy goes with the maids, yet none 
 
 Will trust, or think Love tame is grown, 
 
 If they perceive that anywhere 
 
 He arrows doth about him bear. 
 
 Go fearless, nymphs, for Love hath laid 
 
 Aside his arms, and tame is made. 
 
 His weapons by command resign'd, 
 
 Naked to go he is enjoin'd, 
 
 Lest he hurt any by his craft, 
 
 Either with flame, or bow, or shaft. 
 
 But yet take heed, young nymphs, beware 
 
 You trust him not, for Cupid's fair, 
 
 Lest by his beauty you be harm'd ; 
 
 Love naked is completely arni'd. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never : 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 Fair Venus virgins sends to thee, 
 
 Indued with equal modesty : 
 
 One only thing we thee desire, 
 
 Chaste Delia, for a while retire ; 
 
 That the wide forest, that the wood, 
 
 May be unstain'd with savage blood. 
 
 She would with prayers herself attend thee, 
 
 But that she knew she could not bend thee ; 
 
 She would thyself to come have pray'd, 
 
 Did these delights beseem a maid. 
 
 Xow mightst thou see with solemn rites 
 
 The Chorus celebrate three nights ; 
 
 'Mongst troops whom equal pleasure crowns. 
 
 To play and sport upon thy downs ; 
 
300 THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 'Mongst garlands made of various flowers, 
 
 'Mongst ever-verdant myrtle bowers. 
 
 Ceres nor Bacchus absent be, 
 
 Nor yet the poet's deity. 
 
 All night we wholly must employ 
 
 In vigils, and in songs of joy ; 
 
 None but Dione must bear sway 
 
 Amongst the woods ; Delia, give way. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 She the tribunal did command 
 Deck'd with Hybloean flowers should stand ; 
 She will in judgment sit ; the Graces 
 On either side shall have their places ; 
 Hybla, thy flowers pour forth, whate'er 
 Was brought thee by the welcome year ; 
 Hybla, thy flowery garment spread, 
 Wide as is Enna's fruitful mead ; 
 Maids of the country here will be ; 
 Maids of the mountain come to see ; 
 Hither resort all such as dwell 
 Either in grove, or wood, or well. 
 The wing'd boy's mother every one 
 Commands in order to sit down ; 
 Charging the virgins that they must 
 In nothing Love, though naked, trust. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever, 
 
 Let the fresh covert of a shade 
 Be by these early flowers display'd, 
 To-morrow (which with sports and play 
 We keep) was JEther's wedding day ; 
 When first the father of the spring 
 Did out of clouds the young year bring. 
 The husband Shower then courts his spouse, 
 And in her sacred bosom flows, 
 That all which that vast body bred 
 By this defluxion may be fed : 
 
THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 301 
 
 Produced within, she all there sways 
 By a hid spirit, which by ways 
 Unknown diffused through soul and veins, 
 All things both governs and sustains. 
 Piercing through the unsounded sea, 
 And earth, and highest heaven, she 
 All places with her power doth fill, 
 Which through each part she doth distil ; 
 And to the world the mystic ways 
 Of all production open lays. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever 
 
 She to the Latins did transfer 
 The Trojan nephews ; and by her 
 Was the Laurentian virgin won, 
 And join'd in marriage to her son. 
 By her assistance did Mars gain 
 A votaress from Vesta's fane. 
 To marriage Romulus betray'd 
 The Sabine women, by her aid, 
 (Of Romans the wide-spreading stem,) 
 And in the long descent of them 
 In whom that offspring was dilated, 
 Csesar her nephew she created. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 The fields are fruitful made by pleasure ; 
 The fields are rich in Venus' treasure ; 
 And Love, Dione's son, fame yields 
 For truth, his birth had in the fields ; 
 As soon as born the field reliev'd him, 
 Into its bosom first receiv'd him ; 
 She bred him from his infant hours 
 With the sweet kisses of the flowers. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 See how the bulls their sides distend, 
 And broom-stalks with the burthen bend ; 
 
302 THE VIGIL OF VENUS. 
 
 Now every one doth safely lie 
 
 Confined within his marriage tie ; 
 
 See, with their husbands here are laid 
 
 The bleating flocks beneath the shade. 
 
 The warbling birds on every tree 
 
 The goddess wills not silent be. 
 
 The vocal swans on every lake, 
 
 With their hoarse voice a harsh sound make ; 
 
 And Tereus' hapless maid beneath 
 
 The poplar's shade her song doth breathe ; 
 
 Such as might well persuade thee, love 
 
 Doth in those trembling accents move ; 
 
 Not that the sister in those strains 
 
 Of the inhuman spouse complains. 
 
 We silent are whilst she doth sing, 
 
 How long in coming is my spring ? 
 
 When will the time arrive, that I 
 
 May swallow-like my voice untie ? 
 
 My muse for being silent flies me, 
 
 And Phoebus will no longer prize me : 
 
 So did Amiclse once, whilst all 
 
 Silence observed, through silence fall. 
 
 Love he to-morrow, who loved never ; 
 To-morrow, who hath loved, persever. 
 
 Thomas Stanley 
 
ELEGIES OF TIBULLUS. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 ELEGY I. 
 
 The glittering ore let others vainly heap, 
 
 O'er fertile vales extend th' enclosing mound ; 
 
 With dread of neighb'ring foes forsake their sleep, 
 And start aghast at every trumpet's sound. 
 
 Me humbler scenes delight, and calmer days ; 
 
 A tranquil life fair poverty secure ! 
 Then boast, my hearth, a small but cheerful blaze, 
 
 And, riches grasp who will, let me be poor. 
 
 Nor yet be hope a stranger to my door, 
 
 But o'er my roof, bright goddess, still preside ! 
 With many a bounteous autumn heap my floor, 
 
 And swell my vats with must, a purple tide. 
 My tender vines I'll plant with early care, 
 
 And choicest apples with a skilful hand ; 
 Nor blush, a rustic, oft to guide the share, 
 
 Or goad the tardy ox along the land. 
 
 Let me, a simple swain, with honest pride, 
 
 If chance a lambkin from its dam should roam, 
 
 Or sportful kid, the little wanderer chide, 
 And in my bosom bear exulting home. 
 
 Here Pales I bedew with milky showers, 
 Lustrations yearly for my shepherd pay, 
 
 Revere each antique stone bedeck'd with flowers 
 That bounds the field, or points the doubtful way. 
 
304 TIBULLUS. 
 
 My grateful fruits, the earliest of the year, 
 
 Before the rural god shall duly wait. 
 From Ceres' gifts I'll cull each browner ear, 
 
 And hang a wheaten wreath before her gate. 
 The ruddy god shall save my fruit from stealth, 
 
 And far away each little plunderer scare : 
 And you, the guardians once of ampler wealth, 
 
 My household gods, shall still my off'rings share. 
 My num'rous herds that wanton'd o'er the mead 
 
 The choicest fatling then could richly yield ; 
 Now scarce I spare a little lamb to bleed 
 
 A mighty victim for my scanty field. 
 
 And yet a lamb shall bleed, while, ranged around, 
 The village youths shall stand in order meet, 
 
 With rustic hymns, ye gods, your praise resound, 
 And future crops and future wines entreat. 
 
 Then come, ye powers, nor scorn my frugal board, 
 Nor yet the gifts clean earthen bowls convey ; 
 
 With these the first of men the gods adored, 
 And form'd their simple shape of ductile clay. 
 
 My little flock, ye wolves, ye robbers, spare, 
 Too mean a plunder to deserve your toil ; 
 
 For wealthier herds the nightly theft prepare ; 
 There seek a nobler prey, and richer spoil. 
 
 For treasured wealth, nor stores of golden wheat, 
 The hoard of frugal sires, I vainly call ; 
 
 A little farm be mine, a cottage neat, 
 
 And wonted couch where balmy sleep may fall. 
 
 " What joy to hear the tempest howl in vain, 
 And clasp a fearful mistress to my breast ; 
 
 Or lull'd to slumber by the beating rain, 
 Secure and happy sink at last to rest." 
 
 These joys be mine ! — grant me only these, 
 And give to others bags of shining gold, 
 
 Whose steely heart can brave the boist'rous seas, 
 The storm wide-wasting, or the stiff'ning cold. 
 
 Content with little, I would rather stay 
 
 Than spend long months amid the wat'ry waste ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 305 
 
 In cooling shades elude the scorching ray, 
 Beside some fountain's gliding waters placed. 
 
 Oh perish rather all that 's rich and rare, 
 
 The diamond quarry, and the golden vein, 
 Than that my absence cost one precious tear, 
 
 Or give some gentle maid a moment's pain. 
 With glittering spoils, Messala, gild thy dome, 
 
 Be thine the noble task to lead the brave ; 
 A lovely foe me captive holds at home, 
 
 Chain'd to her scornful gate, a watchful slave. 
 
 Inglorious post ! — and yet I heed not fame : 
 Th' applause of crowds for Delia I 'd resign : 
 
 To live with thee I'd bear the coward's name, 
 Nor 'midst the scorn of nations once repine. 
 
 With thee to live I'd mock the ploughman's toil. 
 
 Or on some lonely mountain tend my sheep ; 
 At night I'd lay me on the flinty soil, 
 
 And happy 'midst thy dear embraces sleep. 
 
 What drooping lover heeds the Tyrian bed, 
 
 "While the long night is pass'd with many a sigh ; 
 
 Nor softest down with richest carpets spread, 
 Xor whisp'ring rills can close the weeping eye. 
 
 Of threefold iron were his rugged frame, 
 
 Who, when he might thy yielding heart obtain, 
 
 Could yet attend the calls of empty fame, 
 Or follow arms in quest of sordid gain. 
 
 Unenvied let him drive the vanquish'd host, 
 
 Through captive lands his conquering armies lead ; 
 
 Unenvied wear the robe with gold emboss'd, 
 And guide with solemn state his foaming steed. 
 
 Oh may I view thee with life's parting ray, 
 And thy dear hand with dying ardour press : 
 
 Sure thou wilt weep — and on thy lover's clay, 
 With breaking heart, print many a tender kiss ! 
 
 Sure thou wilt weep — and woes unutter'd feel, 
 When on the pile thou seest thy lover laid ! 
 
 For well I know, nor flint, nor ruthless steel, 
 Can arm the breast of such a gentle maid. 
 
306 TIBULLUS. 
 
 From the sad pomp, what youth, what pitying fair, 
 Returning slow, can tender tears refrain ? 
 
 O Delia, spare thy cheeks, thy tresses spare, 
 Nor give my ling'ring shade a world of pain. 
 
 But now while smiling hours the Fates bestow, 
 Let love, dear maid, our gentle hearts unite ! 
 
 Soon death will come and strike the fatal blow ; 
 Unseen his head, and veil'd in shades of night. 
 
 Soon creeping age will bow the lover's frame, 
 And tear the myrtle chaplet from his brow : 
 
 With hoary locks ill suits the youthful flame, 
 The soft persuasion, or the ardent vow. 
 
 Now the fair queen of gay desire is ours, 
 And lends our follies an indulgent smile : 
 
 'Tis lavish youth's t' enjoy the frolic hours, 
 The wanton revel and the midnight broil. 
 
 Your chief, my friends and fellow-soldiers, I 
 To these light wars will lead you boldly on : 
 
 Far hence, ye trumpets, sound, and banners fly ; 
 To those who covet wounds and fame begone. 
 
 And bear them fame and wounds ; and riches bear ; 
 
 There are that fame and wounds and riches prize. 
 For me, while I possess one plenteous year, 
 
 I'll wealth and meagre want alike despise. Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Let others raise enormous heaps of gold, 
 
 And by sure tenure numerous acres hold ; 
 
 Whom daily fears of neighbouring foes affright, 
 
 While the shrill trumpet breaks their sleep at night. 
 
 Me let my easy poverty release 
 
 From anxious cares, in liberty and ease ; 
 
 While my glad hearth with daily fires is bright, 
 
 And slumbers, undisturbed with cares, at night. 
 
 Still let the seasons crown my smiling field, 
 
 Of kindly fruits a plenteous harvest yield. 
 
 Still may the product of my loaded vine 
 
 Swell all my vessels with nectareous wine. 
 
TIBULIXS. 307 
 
 Myself th' industrious husbandman will be, 
 
 And set with ready hand the apple tree ; 
 
 And in due season plant the tender vine ; 
 
 Nor e'er the joys of solitude resign. 
 
 Nor shall I blush the rustic fork to wield, 
 
 Or goad the sluggish ox to plough the field ; 
 
 Or in my arms to bear the straggling lamb, 
 
 Or tender kid, home to the mourning dam. 
 
 With rural rites my careful shepherd here 
 
 I'm used to lustrate each revolving year ; 
 
 Propitious sacred Pales to retain, 
 
 I sprinkle milk upon the rising grain. 
 
 For still I worship wheresoe'er I see 
 
 An ancient stone, or remnant of a tree, 
 
 With flowery garlands crown'd in open field, 
 
 Or where three ways decisive limits yield. 
 
 The rural gods as offerings shall receive 
 
 The earliest fruit my loaded orchards give. 
 
 Thy temple gates, O Ceres, I '11 adorn 
 
 With auburn wreaths of ripen'd ears of corn. 
 
 And in my orchard let Priapus stand 
 
 With the dire sickle in his ruddy hand, 
 
 To scare the noxious birds from off my land. 
 
 And you, my household gods, shall have your due, 
 
 More spreading fields were once preserved by you. 
 
 The guardians once of large extended plains, 
 
 Now one small farm your kind protection gains. 
 
 A cow-calf then for numerous herds of kine 
 
 Fell a lustration to your powers divine. 
 
 A lambkin now at your bless'd altar dies, 
 
 Of narrow soil the mighty sacrifice. 
 
 A lambkin to your deities shall fall, 
 
 While round the rustic youths on you shall call. 
 
 " Good harvest and good vintage, oh ! bestow ! 
 
 Harvest and vintage to your smiles we owe. 
 
 Be present, O ye gods ! nor yet disdain 
 
 To take the off'rings of a lowly swain, 
 
 Though such small earthen vessels them contain. 
 
 The swains of old in earthen bowls caroused, 
 
 E'er glittering gold or silver yet were used. 
 
 x 2 
 
308 TIBULLUS. 
 
 And you, ye thieves and wolves, my flock refrain, 
 Your prey from larger herds you '11 easier gain. 
 My father's wealth's below my just desire, 
 Or the full granaries of his potent sire. 
 A little crop my wishes will supply, 
 It is enough upon my couch to lie. 
 Let me on that my wearied limbs repose, 
 And give a toilsome grandeur to my foes. 
 On that reclined, how pleasing 'tis to hear 
 The winds inclement make tumultuous war, 
 Clasping within my arms my clinging fair ! 
 Or when, by winter's cold congeal'd, the rain, 
 In rattling showers assaults my hut in vain. 
 Delia and I secure to slumbers haste, 
 Lull'd by the rocking storms and winter's blast. 
 This be my fate ; let riches be their share 
 Who can the fury of the billows dare, 
 And, patient of the weather, tempests bear. 
 My wishes move within a narrow bound, 
 Content at last with little I have found. 
 The tedious paths to wealth no more I'll stray, 
 My easy soul abhors that rugged way. 
 Beneath the shadow of some spreading tree, 
 From fear, from hope, from toil, from wishes free, 
 Upon the brink of a cool tumbling stream, 
 I shun the dog-star's fierce and sultry gleam. 
 
 Oh ! perish rather, all ye glittering gold, 
 And jewels which fond mortals precious hold, 
 Than any tender she let fall a tear, 
 Struck, by the danger of my ways, with fear ! 
 In thee, Messala, war has wondrous charms, 
 While land and sea are conquer'd by thy arms ; 
 When as the crown of all thy glorious toils, 
 Thou seest thy house adorn'd with hostile spoils. 
 Bound with Love's fetters, here will I remain, 
 I cannot break soft beauty's lovely chain. 
 No lust of praise invades my peaceful breast, 
 Whilst thus with thee, my Delia, I am blest. 
 Of sloth and idleness I court the fame ; 
 Thou art a solid good, that but a name. 
 
TIBULLUS. 309 
 
 If thou, my Delia, still with me remain, 
 To yoke the steers myself affords no pain. 
 I can, when thou art by, on lonely downs 
 Feed my own herds, secure from Delia's frowns. 
 While thee I can within my bosom keep, 
 I on the rugged ground can calmly sleep. 
 Of what avail are Tyrian beds of down, 
 When love averse will only give a frown ? 
 The tedious night in tears will slowly move, 
 The joys of night we only owe to love. 
 'Tis not the down, nor yet the Tyrian loom, 
 Nor all the golden carpets of thy room, 
 Nor the soft murmurs of the water's fall, 
 Can to thy rescue gentle slumbers call. 
 
 How dull is he ! more lumpish far than lead, 
 Who can have thee within his happy bed, 
 And yet would leave thee for the dire alarms 
 (In chase of spoils) of horrid martial arms : 
 Though his victorious troops subdue the foe, 
 And wait his nod where'er he please to go ; 
 Though clad in silver, cover'd o'er with gold, 
 Upon his prancing horse, most graceful to behold. 
 Thee let me view when I resign my breath, 
 Thee let me grasp e'en in the pangs of death ; 
 And press, with falt'ring hands, thy lovely arms, 
 In death my Delia still would have her charms. 
 You'd weep, my Delia, when you saw me die, 
 Beheld me on my bed expiring lie ; 
 On my cold lips thy kisses thou wouldst fix, 
 While flowing tears with thy dear kisses mix. 
 Yes, you would weep, you would let fall a tear ; 
 Those lovely eyes a drooping grief would wear. 
 I know thee well, all tenderness thou art, 
 Nor steel, nor stone, in thee have any part, 
 But love and soft compassion fill thy heart. 
 No, from my funeral no kind youth would go, 
 Nor tender virgin, ere their tears did flow. 
 Spare, spare my Manes, gentle Delia, spare 
 Thy lovely locks, thy bright, dishevell'd hair, 
 And violence to that dear face forbear. 
 
310 TIBULLUS. 
 
 While fate permits, then let us join our loves, 
 Death with his gloomy brow too swiftly moves ; 
 And feeble age steals on, when love will be 
 Indecent and in vain in thee and me. 
 With hoary hairs soft toys will not agree. 
 Now is the time bright Venus to enjoy, 
 And taste the pleasures of the wanton boy. 
 While youth is high, the pretty strifes of love, 
 Its war and peace, a sweet delight will move. 
 In this a soldier's merit I may claim, 
 And e'en a general's more exalted fame : 
 Far hence, ye ensigns ! far, ye trumpets' sounds, 
 To those who court them bear your blood and wounds ; 
 Bear to the same the heaps of gold away, 
 For gold and fame I yield their sordid prey. 
 Pleased with my present store, securely wise, 
 Hanger and wealth I equally despise. Otway. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Let others pile their yellow ingots high, 
 
 And see their cultured acres round them spread ; 
 
 While hostile borderers draw their anxious eye, 
 And at the trumpet's blast their sleep is fled. 
 
 . Me let my poverty to ease resign ; 
 
 While my bright hearth reflects its blazing cheer ; 
 In season let me plant the pliant vine, 
 
 And, with light hand, my swelling apples rear. 
 
 Hope, fail not thou ! let earth her fruitage yield ; 
 
 Let the brimm'd vat flow red with virgin wine : 
 For still some lone bare stump that marks the field, 
 
 Or antique cross-way stone, with flowers I twine, 
 
 In pious rite ; and, when the year anew 
 Matures the blossom on the budding spray, 
 
 I bear the peasant's god his grateful clue, 
 And firstling fruits upon his altar lay. 
 
 Still let thy temple's porch, Ceres ! wear 
 The spiky garland from my harvest field ; 
 
 And, 'midst my orchard, 'gainst the birds of air, 
 His threatening hook let red Priapus wield. 
 
TIBULLUS. 311 
 
 Ye too, once guardians of a rich domain, 
 Now of poor fields, domestic gods ! be kind. 
 
 Then, for unnumber'd herds, a calf was slain ; 
 Now to your altars is a lamb consign'd. 
 
 The mighty victim of a scanty soil, 
 
 A lamb alone shall bleed before your shrine ; 
 
 While round it shout the youthful sons of toil, 
 
 " Hail ! grant the harvest !♦ grant the generous wine !" 
 
 Content with little, I no more would tread 
 
 The lengthening road, but shun the summer day, 
 
 Where some o'er-branching tree might shade my head, 
 And watch the murmuring rivulet glide away. 
 
 Nor could I blush to wield the rustic prong, 
 The lingering oxen goad ; or some stray lamb, 
 
 Embosom'd in my garment, bear along, 
 Or kid forgotten by its heedless dam. 
 
 Spare my small flock ! ye thieves and wolves, assail 
 The wealthier cotes, that ampler booty hold ; 
 
 Ne'er for my shepherd due lustrations fail ; 
 I soothe with milk the goddess of the fold. 
 
 Be present, deities ! nor gifts disdain 
 
 From homely board ; nor cups with scorn survey, 
 
 Earthen, yet pure ; for such the ancient swain 
 Form'd for himself, and shaped of ductile clay. 
 
 I envy not my sires their golden heap ; 
 
 Their garners' floors with sheafy corn bespread ; 
 Few sheaves suffice : enough, in easy sleep 
 
 To lay my limbs upon th' accustom'd bed. 
 How sweet to hear, without, the howling blast, 
 
 And strain a yielding mistress to my breast ! 
 Or, when the gusty torrent's rush has past, 
 
 Sink, lull'd by beating rains, to shelter'd rest ! 
 
 Be this my lot ; be his th' unenvied store, 
 
 Who the drear storm endures, and raging sea ; 
 
 Ah ! perish emeralds and the golden ore, 
 
 If the fond, anxious nymph must weep for me ! 
 
 Messala ! range the earth and main, that Rome 
 May shine with trophies of the foes that fell ; 
 
312 TIBULLUS. 
 
 But me a beauteous nymph enchains at home, 
 At her hard door a sleepless sentinel. 
 
 I heed not praise, my Delia ! while with thee ; 
 
 Sloth brand my name, so I thy sight behold ; 
 Let me the oxen yoke ; oh come with me ! 
 
 On desert mountains I will feed my fold. 
 
 And, while I press'd thee in my tender arms, 
 Sweet were my slumber on the rugged ground : 
 
 What boots the purple couch, if cruel charms 
 
 In wakeful tears the midnight hours have drown'd ? 
 
 Not the soft plume can yield the limbs repose, 
 Nor yet the broider'd covering soothe to sleep ; 
 
 Not the calm streamlet that in murmurs flows, 
 With sound oblivious o'er the eyelids creep. 
 
 Iron is he who might thy form possess, 
 
 Yet flies to arms, and thirsts for plunder's gains ; 
 
 What though his spear Cilician squadrons press, 
 
 What though his tent be pitch'd on conquer'd plains ? 
 
 In gold and silver mail conspicuous he 
 
 May stride the steed, that, pawing, spurs the sand ; 
 May I my last looks fondly bend on thee, 
 
 And grasp thee with my dying, faltering hand ! 
 
 And thou wilt weep when, cold, I press the bier, 
 That soon shall on the flaming pyre be thrown 5 
 
 And print the kiss, and mingle many a tear ; 
 Not thine a breast of steel, a heart of stone. 
 
 Yes — thou wilt weep. No youth shall thence return 
 With tearless eye, no virgin homeward wend : 
 
 But thou forbear to violate my urn, 
 
 Spare thy soft cheeks, nor those loose tresses rend. 
 
 Now fate permits, now blend the sweet embrace : 
 
 Death, cowl'd in darkness, creeps with stealing tread ; 
 111 suits with sluggish age love's sprightly grace, 
 
 And murmur'd fondness with a hoary head. 
 The light amour be mine ; the shiver'd door ; 
 
 The midnight fray ; ye trumps and standards, hence ! 
 Here is my camp ; bleed they who thirst for ore : 
 
 Wealth I despise in easy competence. Elton. 
 
TIBULLTJS. 313 
 
 PART OF THE SAME. 
 
 Iron were he, who, when he could possess 
 Thy charms, preferr'd renown to happiness. 
 Though deck'd with spoils, the guerdon of the brave, 
 O'er conquer'd lands he bids his banners wave. 
 Though captive monarchs throng his sounding car, 
 And bow beneath that thunderbolt of war. 
 I envy not the blood-stain'd hero's pride, 
 Content to feed my flocks at Delia's side. 
 
 If thou art with me, oh ! how sweet my toil, 
 Though doom'd to turn for bread a thankless soil ! 
 On the cold hill to lay my pensive head, 
 If thou art with me, oh ! how soft my bed ! 
 What joy remains, when gentle love has flown? 
 On downy pillows, wretched and alone, 
 Still through the night the sons of fortune weep, 
 Nor gold, nor blushing purple, brings them sleep ; 
 Celestial music pours a fruitless strain, 
 Murmur soft airs and fountains flow in vain. 
 
 Hodgson. 
 
 ELEGY II. 
 
 With wine, more wine, my recent pains deceive, 
 Till creeping slumber send a soft reprieve : 
 Asleep, take heed no whisper stirs the air, 
 For waked, my boy, I wake to heart-felt care. 
 Now is my Delia watch'd by ruthless spies, 
 And the gate, bolted, all access denies. 
 Relentless gate ! may storms of wind and rain 
 With mingled violence avenge my pain ! 
 May forky thunders, hurl'd by Jove's red hand, 
 Burst every bolt, and shatter every band ! 
 Ah no ! rage turns my brain ; the curse recall ; 
 On me, devoted, let the thunder fall ! 
 Then recollect my many wreaths of yore, 
 How oft you've seen me weep, insensate door ! 
 No longer then our interview delay, 
 And as you open let no noise betray. 
 
314 TIBULLUS. 
 
 In vain I plead ! — dare then my Delia rise ! 
 Love aids the dauntless, and will blind your spies ! 
 Those who the godhead's soft behests obey, 
 Steal from their pillows unobserv'd away ; 
 On tip-toe traverse unobserv'd the floor ; 
 The key turn noiseless, and unfold the door : 
 In vain the jealous each precaution take, 
 Their speaking fingers assignations make. 
 Nor will the god impart to all his aid : 
 Love hates the fearful, hates the lazy maid ; 
 But through sly windings and unpractis'd ways 
 His bold knight-errants to their wish conveys : 
 For those whom he with expectation fires 
 No ambush frightens, and no labour tires ; 
 Sacred the dangers of the dark they dare, 
 No robbers stop them, and no bravoes scare. 
 Though wintry tempests howl, by love secure, 
 The howling tempest I with ease endure : 
 No watching hurts me, if my Delia smile, 
 Soft turn the gate, and beckon me the while. 
 
 She's mine. Be blind, ye ramblers of the night, 
 Lest angry Venus snatch your guilty sight : 
 The goddess bids her votaries' joys to be 
 From every casual interruption free : 
 With prying steps alarm us not, retire, 
 Nor glare your torches, nor our names inquire : 
 Or if ye know, deny, by heaven above, 
 Nor dare divulge the privacies of love. 
 From blood and seas vindictive Venus sprung, 
 And sure destruction waits the blabbing tongue ! 
 Nay, should they prate, you, Delia, need not fear ; 
 Your lord (a sorceress swore) should give no ear ! 
 By potent spells she cleaves the sacred ground, 
 And shuddering spectres wildly roam around ! 
 I 've seen her tear the planets from the sky ! 
 Seen lightning backward at her bidding fly ! 
 She calls ? from blazing pyres the corse descends, 
 And, re-enliven'd, clasps his wondering friends ! 
 The friends she gathers with a magic yell, 
 Then with aspersions frights them back to hell ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 315 
 
 She wills, — glad summer gilds the frozen pole ! 
 
 She wills, — in summer wintry tempests roll ! 
 
 She knows ('tis true) Medea's awful spell ! 
 
 She knows to vanquish the fierce guards of hell ! 
 
 To me she gave a charm for lovers meet, 
 
 (" Spit thrice, my fair, and thrice the charm repeat.") 
 
 Us in soft dalliance should your lord surprise, 
 
 By this imposed on he'd renounce his eyes ! 
 
 But bless no rival, or th' affair is known ; 
 
 Tin's incantation me befriends alone. 
 
 Nor stopp'd she here; but swore, if I'd agree, 
 
 By charms or herbs to set thy lover free. 
 
 With dire lustrations she began the rite ! 
 
 (Serenely shone the planet of the night,) 
 
 The magic gods she calfd with hellish sound, 
 
 A sable sacrifice distain'd the ground 
 
 I stopp'd the spell : I must not, cannot part : 
 
 I begor'd her aid to gain a mutual heart. Grainger. 
 
 -oo 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Oh ! give me wine, to heal my wounded breast, 
 
 And close my aching eyes in pleasant rest. 
 
 Let not a sound disturb the blissful bed, 
 
 Where love itself lies tranquil as the dead. 
 
 For cruel guards my weeping girl immure, 
 
 And heavy bolts her iron gate secure. 
 
 Gate of my rival ! enemy to love ! 
 
 May lightning blast thee, darted from above ! 
 
 No, gentle gate, thou 'It listen to my prayer, 
 
 Turn on thy noiseless hinge, and guide me to my fair. 
 
 And, if a lover's phrensy wish'd thee ill, 
 
 Heaven on himself avenge his guilty will. 
 
 Rather, kind gate, recall my suppliant hours, 
 
 And thy bright pillars hung with living flowers. 
 
 Thou too, my Delia, boldly brave thy guards — 
 
 Venus herself the dauntless pair rewards ; 
 
 And helps the boy who jealous walls explores, 
 
 And helps the girl who opes forbidden doors ! 
 
 To glide in silence from the downy bed, 
 To mount the staircase with a noiseless tread, 
 
316 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Hold the warm language of the varying eye, 
 And kiss by tokens when the fool is by — 
 Powers to the favour'd few by Venus given, 
 Betray the cuckold-making aid of heaven. 
 Such arts are theirs who fly from sluggard ease, 
 Cross the dark moor, and in the tempest freeze, 
 Till, safely nestling in their fair one's arms, 
 They feel the glowing change exalt her charms. 
 
 No lawless robber in my path shall rove, 
 For sacred is the messenger of love ; 
 Nor storm nor howling rain shall cloud my road, 
 If Delia beckon to the dear abode ; 
 Draw the soft bolt, and silently advise 
 My sounding footsteps with her fearful eyes, 
 With eager finger on her lip imprest, 
 Impatient brow, and quickly-beating breast. 
 Veil, veil your lamps, whoever travel nigh, 
 The thefts of Venus shun the curious eye. 
 Nor tread too loudly, nor inquire my name, 
 Nor to my face advance your taper's flame. 
 And ye, who chance to see, the sight forswear, 
 And vow by all the gods ye were not there. 
 The prating babbler shall confess with pain 
 That Venus issued from the savage main. 
 Nay, e'en your lord the tell-tale shall distrust, 
 And scorn the lying rumour of your lust. 
 
 So sang the witch, whose prophecy divine 
 Assured my hopes, and made thee wholly mine. 
 She draws the stars from heaven with influence strong, 
 And turns the course of rapid streams by song ; 
 Cleaves the firm ground, the dead with life inspires, 
 Bids rattling bones start forth from burial fires, 
 With magic yell the gathering ghosts commands, 
 Or purifies with milk their parting bands. 
 Wills she — the clouds of thunder disappear ! 
 Wills she — dark whirlwinds overcast the sphere ! 
 Sole mistress she of dire Medea's charms, 
 Her power alone the dogs of hell disarms. 
 A rhyme she framed, which if thou thrice rehearse, 
 Thy lord shall yield such homage to the verse, 
 
TIBULLUS. 317 
 
 That not a tale his spies relate of me, 
 No, nor the hot embrace his eyes may see, 
 Shall win his faith — but if my rivals dare 
 To snatch the slightest favour from my fair, 
 Her jealous lord shall every theft perceive, 
 Know all he suffers, all he hears believe. 
 
 Shall I too trust the sorceress' potent art, 
 By herb, or song, to free my captive heart ? 
 The lustral torches blazed at midnight hour, 
 Fell the black victim to each magic power, 
 And thus I pray'd — " Oh ! cure me not of love ! 
 But Delia's breast with mutual fondness move ! 
 I would not wish for freedom from my pains, 
 Oh ! what were life unless I wore her chains ! " 
 
 Hodgson. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 With wine, more wine, deceive thy master's care, 
 
 Till creeping slumber soothe his troubled breast ; 
 Let not a whisper stir the silent air, 
 
 If hapless love a while consent to rest. 
 Untoward guards beset my Cynthia's doors, 
 
 And cruel locks th' imprison'd fair conceal. 
 May lightnings blast whom love in vain implores, 
 
 And Jove's own thunder rive those bolts of steel. 
 
 Ah, gentle door, attend my humble call, 
 
 Nor let thy sounding hinge our thefts betray; 
 So all my curses far from thee shall fall. 
 
 We angry lovers mean not half we say. 
 Remember now the flowery wreaths I gave, 
 
 When first I told thee of my bold desires ; 
 Nor thou, Cynthia, fear the watchful slave, 
 
 Venus will favour what herself inspires. 
 She guides the youth who see not where they tread ; 
 
 She shows the virgin how to turn the door, 
 Softly to steal from off her silent bed, 
 
 And not a step betray her on the floor. 
 The fearless lover wants no beam of light ; 
 
 The robber knows him, nor obstructs his way ; 
 Sacred he wanders through the pathless night, 
 
 Belongs to Venus, and can never stray. 
 
318 TIBULLUS. 
 
 I scorn the chilling wind and beating rain, 
 Nor heed cold watchings on the dewy ground, 
 
 If all the hardships I for love sustain, 
 
 With love's victorious joys at last be crown'd : 
 
 With, sudden step let none our bliss surprise, 
 Or check the freedom of secure delight — 
 
 Rash man, beware, and shut thy curious eyes, 
 Lest angry Venus snatch their guilty sight. 
 
 But shouldst thou see, th' important secret hide, 
 
 Though question'd by the powers of earth and heaven 
 The prating tongue shall love's revenge abide, 
 
 Still sue for grace, and never be forgiven. 
 A wizard dame, the lover's ancient friend, 
 
 With magic charm has deaft thy husband's ear ; 
 At her command I saw the stars descend, 
 
 And winged lightnings stop in mid career. 
 I saw her stamp and cleave the solid ground, 
 
 While ghastly spectres round us wildly roam ; 
 I saw them hearken to her potent sound, 
 
 Till, scared at day, they sought their dreary home. 
 
 At her command the vigorous summer pines, 
 And wintry clouds obscure the hopeful year ; 
 
 At her strong bidding, gloomy winter shines, 
 And vernal roses on the snows appear. 
 
 She gave these charms, which I on thee bestow ; 
 
 They dim the eye, and dull the jealous mind ; 
 For me they make a husband nothing know, 
 
 For me, and only me, they make him blind. 
 But what did most this faithful heart surprise, 
 
 She boasted that her skill could set it free : 
 This faithful heart the boasted freedom flies ; 
 
 How could it venture to abandon thee ? Hammond. 
 
 ELEGY III. 
 
 While you, Messala, plough th' iEgean sea, 
 Oh sometimes kindly deign to think of me : 
 Me, hapless me, Phaeacian shores detain, 
 Unknown, unpitied, and oppress'd with pain. 
 
TIBULLUS. 319 
 
 Yet spare me, death, ah spare me, and retire : 
 No weeping mother 's here to light my pyre : 
 Here is no sister, with a sister's woe, 
 Rich Syrian odours on the pile to throw : 
 But chief, my soul's soft partner is not here, 
 Her locks to loose, and sorrow o'er my bier. 
 
 What though fair Delia my return implored, 
 Each fane frequented, and each god adored ; 
 What though they bade me every peril brave, 
 And Fortune thrice auspicious omens gave ; 
 All could not dry my tender Delia's tears, 
 Suppress her sighs, or calm her anxious fears ; 
 E'en as I strove to minister relief, ♦ 
 
 Unconscious tears proclaim'd my heart-felt grief: 
 Urged still to go, a thousand shifts I made, 
 Birds now, now festivals my voyage stay'd : 
 Or, if I struck my foot against the door, 
 Straight I return'd, and wisdom was no more. 
 Forbid by Cupid, let no swain depart ; 
 Cupid is vengeful, and will wring his heart. 
 
 What do your offerings now, my fair, avail ? 
 Your Isis heeds not, and your cymbals fail ! 
 What though array'd in sacred robes you stood, 
 Fled man's embrace, and sought the purest flood ? 
 While this I write, I sensibly decay, — 
 " Assist me, Isis, drive my pains away : 
 That you can every mortal ill remove, 
 The numerous tablets in your temple prove : 
 So shall my Delia, veil'd in votive white, 
 Before your threshold sit for many a night ; 
 And twice a day, her tresses all unbound, 
 Amid your votaries famed, your praises sound : 
 Safe to my household gods may I return, 
 And incense monthly on their altars burn." 
 
 How blest man liv'd in Saturn's golden days, 
 E'er distant climes were join'd by lengthen'd ways, 
 Secure the pine upon the mountain grew, 
 Nor yet o'er billows in the ocean flew ; 
 Then every clime a wild abundance bore, 
 And man liv'd happy on his natal shore : 
 
320 TIBULLUS. 
 
 For then no steed to feel the bit was broke, 
 
 Then had no steer submitted to the yoke ; 
 
 No house had gates, (blest times !) and, in the grounds, 
 
 No scanty land-marks parcell'd out the bounds : 
 
 From every oak redundant honey ran, 
 
 And ewes spontaneous bore their milk to man : 
 
 No deathful arms were forged, no war was waged, 
 
 No rapine plundered, no ambition raged. 
 
 How changed, alas ! Now cruel Jove commands ; 
 
 Gold fires the soul, and falchions arm our hands : 
 
 Each day, the main unnumber'd lives destroys ; 
 
 And slaughter, daily, o'er her myriads joys. 
 
 Yet spare me, Jove, I ne'er disown'd thy sway, 
 
 I ne'er was perjur'd ; spare me, Jove, I pray. 
 
 But, if the Sisters have pronounced my doom, 
 Inscribed be these upon my humble tomb. 
 " Lo ! here inurn'd a youthful poet lies, 
 Far from his Delia, and his native skies ! 
 Far from the lov'd Messala, whom to please 
 Tibullus follow'd over land and seas." 
 
 Then Love my ghost (for Love I still obey'd) 
 Will grateful usher to th' Elysian shade : 
 There joy and ceaseless revelry prevail; 
 There soothing music floats on every gale ; 
 There painted warblers hop from spray to spray, 
 And, wildly-pleasing, swell the general lay : 
 There every hedge, untaught, with cassia blooms, 
 And scents the ambient air with rich perfumes : 
 There every mead a various plenty yields ; 
 There lavish Flora paints the purple fields : 
 With ceaseless light a brighter Phoebus glows, 
 No sickness tortures, and no ocean flows ; 
 But youths associate with the gentle fair, 
 And stung with pleasure to the shade repair : 
 With them Love wanders wheresoe'er they stray, 
 Provokes to rapture, and inflames the play : 
 But chief, the constant few, by death betray'd, 
 Reign, crown'd with myrtle, monarchs of the shade. 
 
 Not so the wicked ; far they drag their chains, 
 By black lakes sever'd from the blissful plains ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 321 
 
 Those should they pass, impassable the gate 
 Where Cerberus howls, grim sentinel of fate. 
 There snake-hair'd fiends with whips patrol around, 
 Rack'd anguish bellows, and the deeps resound : 
 There he, who dared to tempt the queen of heaven, 
 Upon an ever-turning wheel is driven : 
 The Danaids there still strive huge casks to fill, 
 But strive in vain, the casks elude their skill : 
 There Pelops' sire, to quench his thirsty fires, 
 Still tries the flood, and still the flood retires : 
 There vultures tear the bow'ls, and drink the gore, 
 Of Tityus, stretch'd enormous on the shore. 
 Dread love, as vast as endless be their pain 
 Who tempt my fair, or wish a long campaign. 
 
 O let no rival your affections share, 
 Long as this bosom beats, my lovely fair ! 
 Still on you let your prudent nurse attend ; 
 She'll guard your honour, she's our common friend. 
 Her tales of love your sorrowings will allay, 
 And, in my absence, make my Delia gay : 
 Let her o'er all your virgin-train preside, 
 She'll praise th' industrious, and the lazy chide. 
 But see ! on all enfeebling languors creep ; 
 Their distaffs drop, they yawn, they nod, they sleep. 
 Then, if the destinies propitious prove, 
 Then will I rush, all passion, on my love : 
 My wish'd return no messenger shall tell, 
 I '11 seem, my fair, as if from heaven I fell. 
 A soft confusion flushes all your charms, 
 Your graceful dishabille my bosom warms, 
 You, Delia, fly and clasp me in your arms. 
 
 For this surprise, ye powers of love, I pray, 
 Post on, Aurora, bring the rosy day. Grainger. 
 
 THE SA3JE. 
 
 How well they lived in Saturn's golden times, 
 Ere earth lay open to her farthest climes ; 
 Ere hollow pine-trees mounted on the wave, 
 And to the wind their swelling canvass gave ; 
 Or sailors, wand'ring to a world unknown, 
 Prest their deep bark with produce not their own. 
 
322 TIBULLUS. 
 
 No lordly bull then dragg'd the pond'rous wain, 
 Nor noble horse obey'd the slavish rein ; 
 No house was guarded by the jealous wall, 
 No selfish landmark robb'd the wealth of all. 
 Spontaneous oaks distill'd their honey'd dews, 
 Their milk was offer'd by the teeming ewes : 
 War had not yet his iron front display'd, 
 Nor savage craft contrived the murd'rous blade. 
 Danger and death pursue the thunderer's reign, 
 And cross, by countless paths, the land and main. 
 Oh ! spare me, Jove ! no perjured tongue is mine, 
 No impious curses hurl'd at names divine. 
 Yet, if my fated length of life is gone, 
 Be this inscription graved upon my stone, 
 " Here young Tibullus slumbers with the dead, 
 O'er earth and sea by loved Messala led." 
 
 But I, who living yield to gentle love, 
 Dying shall seek the blest Elysian grove. 
 There tuneful choirs o'er verdant meadows stray, 
 And dance and song delight th' immortal day ; 
 Uncultur'd cassia scents the teeming ground, 
 And od'rous roses flourish all around. 
 There many a tender girl and favour'd boy 
 Renew the wonted interchange of joy. 
 There roam the pairs of guiltless lovers dead, 
 With wreaths of myrtle on each youthful head. 
 
 But Guilt's pale dens lie hid in night profound, 
 Where sable floods rush horribly around ; 
 Their snake-crown'd heads the hissing Furies rear, 
 And the damn'd souls are hurried here and there ; 
 His scorpion jaws black Cerberus expands, 
 And at the brazen gate expecting stands ! 
 There, on the rapid wheel is lust impaled, 
 Lust that the queen of heaven herself assail'd. 
 There Tityus, stretch'd at his enormous length, 
 Feeds the keen vulture with his bleeding strength. 
 There thirsting Tantalus, with eager eyes 
 fl And outstretch'd hands, pursues the stream that flies. 
 There the false brides who shed their husbands' blood, 
 Through hollow vessels pour the ceaseless flood. 
 
TIBULLUS. 323 
 
 There be the wretch who wishes me to rove, 
 In painful absence from my only love. 
 
 But rest for ever pure, my lovely bride, 
 Thy aged nurse still watching at thy side, 
 Telling sweet tales of seasons long gone by — 
 While, at their lamps, the circling damsels ply 
 The curious labours of the lengthening thread, 
 Or o'er the distaff bend their drowsy head. 
 Then, on a sudden, will thy lover come, 
 As if from heaven descending to his home : 
 No courier's speed my Delia shall prepare, 
 But in her chance undress I'll find the fair. 
 Then will she run these smiling eyes to meet, 
 Loose her dark locks, and bare her snowy feet. 
 Oh ! with what joy I'll strain her to my breast, 
 While tears and tender murmurs speak the rest. Elton. 
 
 ELEGY IV.i 
 POET. 
 
 So round my god may shady coverings bend, 
 No sun-beams scorch thy face, no snows offend ! 
 Whence are the fair so proud to win thy heart, 
 Yet rude thy beard, and guiltless thou of art ? 
 Naked thou stand'st, expos'd to wintry snows ! 
 Naked thou stand'st when burning Sirius glows ! 
 Thus I — and thus the garden-power replied, 
 A crooked sickle glittering by his side. 
 
 PRIAPTJS. 
 
 Take no repulse — at first what though they fly ! 
 O'ercome at last, reluctance will comply. 
 The vine in time full ripen'd clusters bears, 
 And circling time brings back the rolling spheres : 
 
 1 Those who understand the original, need not to be told the reasons 
 which obliged the translator to alter and omit many passages of this Elegy ; 
 •which, with some few others of the same stamp, were probably those 
 parts of Tibullus, which made the pious Anthony Possevin apply to heaven 
 in prayer, to preserve him from temptation whenever he purposed to read 
 our poet. — Grainger. 
 
 t 2 
 
324 TIBULLUS. 
 
 In time soft rains through marble sap their way, 
 And time taught man to tame fierce beasts of prey. 
 Nor awed by conscience meanly dread to swear ; 
 Love-oaths, unratified, wild tempests bear ! 
 Banish then scruples, if you'd gain a heart ; 
 Swear, swear by Pallas' locks, Diana's dart, 
 By all that 's most rever'd — if they require : 
 Oaths bind not eager love, thank heaven's good sire ! 
 Nor be too slow ; your slowness you'll deplore ; 
 Time posts ; and, oh ! youth's raptures soon are o'er : 
 Now forests bloom, and purple earth looks gay ; 
 Bleak winter blows, and all her charms decay : 
 How soon the steed to age's stiffness yields, 
 So late a victor in th' Olympic fields ? 
 I've seen the aged oft lament their fate, 
 That senseless they had learnt to live too late. 
 Ye partial gods, and can the snake renew 
 His youthful vigour and his burnish'd hue ? 
 But youth and beauty past, is art in vain 
 To bring the coy deserters back again ? 
 
 POET. 
 
 Jove gives alone the powers of wit and wine, 
 In youth immortal, spite of years, to shine. 
 
 PRIAPUS. 
 
 Yield prompt compliance to the maid's desires ; 
 A prompt compliance fans the lover's fires : 
 Go pleased where'er she goes, though long the way, 
 Though the fierce dog-star dart his sultry ray ; 
 Though painted Iris gird the bluish sky, 
 And sure portends that rattling storms are nigh : 
 Or, if the fair one pant for sylvan fame, 
 Gay drag the meshes and provoke the game : 
 Nay, should she choose to risk the driving gale, 
 Or steer, or row, or agile hand the sail : 
 No toil, though weak, though fearful, thou forbear ; 
 No toils should tire you, and no dangers scare. 
 Occasion smiles, then snatch an ardent kiss ; 
 The coy may struggle, but will grant the bliss : 
 The bliss obtain'd, the fictious struggle past, 
 Unbid, they'll clasp you in their arms at last. 
 
TIBULLUS. 325 
 
 POET. 
 
 Alas ! in such degenerate days as these, 
 No more love's gentle wiles the beauteous please ! 
 If poor, all gentle stratagems are vain ! 
 The fair ones languish now alone for gain ! 
 Oh may dishonour be the wretch's share, 
 Who first with hateful gold seduced the fair ! 
 
 PKIAPUS. 
 
 Ye charming dames, prefer the tuneful choir, 
 Nor meanly barter heavenly charms for hire. 
 What cannot song ? The purple locks that glow'd 
 On Nisus' head, harmonious song bestow'd ! 
 What cannot strains ? By tuneful strains alone 
 Fair iv'ry, Pelops, on thy shoulder shone ! 
 While stars with nightly radiance gild the pole, 
 Earth boasts her oaks, or mighty waters roll, 
 The fair, whose beauty poets deign to praise, 
 Shall bloom uninjur'd in poetic lays : 
 While she who hears not when the Muses call, 
 But flies their fav'rites, gold's inglorious thrall ! 
 Shall prove, believe the bard, or soon, or late, 
 A dread example of avenging fate ! 
 
 Soft, flattering songs, the Cyprian queen approves 
 And aids the suppliant swain with all her loves. 
 
 POET. 
 
 The god, no novice in th' intriguing trade, 
 This answer, Titius, to my question made : 
 But caution bids you fly th' insidious fair, 
 And paints the perils of their eyes and air ; 
 Nor these alone devoted man subdue, 
 Devoted man their slightest actions woo. 
 
 Be cautious those who list — but ye who know 
 Desire's hot fever, and contempt's chill woe, 
 Me grateful praise — contempt shall pain no more ; 
 But wish meet wish, instructed by my lore : 
 By various means, while others seek for fame, 
 Scorn'd love to counsel be my noblest aim. 
 
326 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Wide stands my gate for all — I rapt foresee 
 
 The time, when I Love's oracle shall be ! 
 
 When round my seat shall press th' enamour'd throng, 
 
 Attend my motions, and applaud my song. 
 
 Alas ! my hopes are fled, my wiles are vain ; 
 The fair I dote on treats me with disdain : 
 Yet spare me, charmer, your disdain betrays 
 To witty laughter my too boastful lays. Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY V. 
 
 Of late I boasted I could happy be, 
 Resume the man, and not my Delia see ! 
 My boasts of manhood, boasts of bliss are vain ; 
 Back to my bondage I return again ! 
 And like a top am whirl'd, which boys, for sport- 
 Lash on the pavement of a level court ! 
 
 What can atone, my fair, for crimes like these ? 
 I'll bear with patience, use me as you please ! 
 Yet, by Love's shafts, and by your braided hair, 
 By all the joys we stole, your suppliant spare. 
 When sickness dimm'd of late your radiant eyes, 
 My restless, fond petitions won the skies. 
 Thrice I with sulphur purified you round, 
 And thrice the rite, with songs, th' enchantress bound 
 The cake, by me thrice sprinkled, put to flight 
 The death-denouncing phantoms of the night : 
 And I nine times, in linen garbs array'd, 
 In silent night, nine times to Trivia pray'd. 
 What did I not ? Yet what reward have I ? 
 You love another, your preserver fly ! 
 He tastes the sweet effects of all my cares, 
 My fond lustrations, and my solemn prayers. 
 
 Are these the joys my madding fancy drew, 
 If young-eyed health restored your rosy hue ? 
 I fondly thought, sweet maid, oh thought in vain ! 
 With you to live a blithesome village swain. 
 When yellow Ceres asks the reaper's hand, 
 Delia (said I) will guard the reaper's band ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 327 
 
 Delia will keep, when hinds unload the vine, 
 The choicest grapes for me, the richest wine : 
 My flocks she'll count, and oft will sweetly deign 
 To clasp some prattler of my menial train : 
 With pious care will load each rural shrine, 
 For ripen'd crops a golden sheaf assign, 
 Gates for my fold, rich clusters for my vine : 
 No, no domestic care shall touch my soul ; 
 You, Delia, reign despotic o'er the whole ; 
 And will Messala fly from pomp of state, 
 And deign to enter at my lowly gate ? 
 The choicest fruitage that my trees afford 
 Delia will cull herself to deck the board ; 
 And wondering, such transcendent worth to see, 
 The fruit present, thy blushing hand-maid she. 
 
 Such were the fond chimeras of my brain, 
 Which now the winds have wafted o'er the main. 
 
 power of Love, whom still my soul obey'd, 
 What has my tongue against thy mother said ? 
 Guiltless of ill, unmark'd with incest's stain, 
 
 1 stole no garland from her holy fane : 
 
 For crimes like these I'd abject crawl the ground, 
 Kiss her dread threshold, and my forehead wound. 
 
 But ye who, falsely wise, deride my pains, 
 Beware ; your hour approaches- — love has chains. 
 I've known the young, who ridiculed his rage, 
 Love's humblest vassals when oppress'd with age : 
 Each art I've known them try to win the fair, 
 Smooth their hoarse voice, and dress their scant}^ hair : 
 I 've known them, in the street, her maid detain ; 
 And weeping, beg her to assist their pain. 
 At such preposterous love each school-boy sneers ; 
 Shuns, as an omen ; or pursues with fleers. 
 
 Why do you crush your slave, fair queen of joy ? 
 Destroying me, your harvest you destroy! Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY VI. 
 
 With wine I strove to soothe my love-sick soul, 
 But vengeful Cupid dash'd with tears the bowl: 
 
328 TIBULLUS. 
 
 All mad with rage, to kinder nymphs I flew ; 
 But vigour fled me, when I thought on you. 
 Balk'd of the rapture, from my arms they run, 
 Swear I'm devoted, and my converse shun ! 
 
 By what dire witchcraft am I thus betray'd ? 
 Your face and hair unnerve me, matchless maid : 
 Not more celestial look'd the sea-born fair, 
 Received by Peleus from her pearly chair. 
 A rich admirer his addresses paid, 
 And bribed my mistress by a beldam's aid. 
 From you my ruin, curst procuress, rose ; 
 What imprecations shall avenge my woes ? 
 May heaven, in pity to my sufferings, shed 
 Its keenest mischief on your plotting head ! 
 The ghosts of those you robb'd of love's delight, 
 In horrid visions haunt your irksome night ! 
 And, on the chimney, may the boding owl 
 Your rest disturb, and terrify your soul ! 
 By famine stung, to churchyards may you run ; 
 There feast on offals hungry wolves would shun ! 
 Or howling frantic, in a tatter'd gown, 
 Fierce mastiffs bait you through each crowded town ! 
 
 'Tis done ! a lover's curse the gods approve ; 
 But keenest vengeance fires the queen of love. 
 Leave then, my fair, the crafty, venal jade ; 
 What passion yields not, when such foes invade ? 
 
 Your hearts, ye fair, does modest merit claim ? 
 Though small his fortunes, feed his gentle flame ; 
 For genuine love's soft raptures would ye know ? 
 These raptures merit can alone bestow ; 
 The sons of opulence are folly's care, 
 But want's rough child is sense and honour's heir. 
 
 In vain we sing — the gate still bolted stands ; 
 Come, vengeance, let us burst its sullen bands. 
 Learn, happy rival, by my wrongs to know 
 Your fate ; since Fortune governs all below. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
TIBULLUS. 329 
 
 ELEGY VII. 
 
 Lote still invites me with a smiling eye ! 
 Beneath his smiles what pains and anguish lie ! 
 Yet since the gods, dread power, must yield to thee, 
 What laurels canst thou gain from conquering me?" 
 Me Delia loved ; but by thy subtle wiles, 
 The fair, in secret, on another smiles : 
 That my suspicion 's false, 'tis true, she swears ; 
 And backs her imprecations with her tears ! 
 False fair, your oaths and Syren tears refrain ; 
 Your Syren tears and oaths no credit gain ; 
 For when your lord suspected me of yore, 
 As much you wept, as many oaths you swore. 
 
 Yet wherefore blame I Love ? the blame is mine ; 
 I, wretched I, first taught her to design ! 
 I firsrflnstructed her her spies to foil ; 
 Back on myself my wanton arts recoil : 
 Herbs of rare energy my skill supplied, 
 All marks of too-fond gallantry to hide ! 
 More artful now, alone the wanton lies ; 
 And new pretexts her cozening brains devise. 
 
 Uncautious lord of a too cunning spouse ! 
 Admittance grant me, she shall keep her vows ! 
 Be warn'd, my friend, observe her when her tongue 
 Commends in wanton phrase the gay-dress'd young ; 
 Oh let her not her heaving bosom bare, 
 Exposed to every fop's immodest stare. 
 When leaning on the board, with flowing wine, 
 She seems to draw some inconsiderate line ; 
 Take heed, take heed, (I know the warning true,) 
 These random lines assign an interview. 
 Nor let your wife to fanes so frequent roam, 
 A modest wife's best temple is at home : 
 But if your prohibitions all are vain, 
 Give me the hint, I'll dodge her to the fane ; 
 What though the goddess snatch my curious sight, 
 I'll bring her wanton privacies to light. 
 
 Some gem she wore, I'd oft pretend to view, 
 But squeez'd her fingers unperceiv'd of you : 
 
330 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Oft with full racy bowls I seal'd your eyes, 
 Water my bev'rage, and obtain'd the prize. 
 Yet since I tell, forgive the pranks I play'd, 
 Love prompted all, and Love must be obey'd ! 
 
 Nay, 'twas at me (be now the truth avow'd) 
 Your watchful mastiff used to bark so loud ; 
 But now some other, with insidious wait, 
 Intent observes each creaking of your gate, 
 At which, whoever of the house appears, 
 Passing, the mien of quick despatch he wears ; 
 But comes again the minute they remove, 
 And coughs, sure signal of impatient love ! 
 
 What boots, though marriage gave a wife so fair, 
 If careless you, or she eludes your care ? 
 While men are artful, and your wife can feign, 
 Vain are your brazen bolts, your mastiffs vain. 
 
 Cold to the raptures of the genial bed, 
 She lays the fault upon an aching head : 
 'Tis false ; the wanton for some other sighs ; 
 From this her coolness, this her aches arise. 
 
 Then, then be warn'd, intrust her to my care ; 
 Whips, chains I laugh at, if you grant my prayer. 
 " Hence from my ward, ye sparkish essenced beaus ; 
 Illegal love oft springs from essenced clothes." 
 Where'er she walks, not distant I'll attend, 
 And guard your honour from the casual friend ! 
 " Off, gallants, off: for so the gods ordain, 
 So the dread priestess in unerring strain ! " 
 (When holy fury fires the frantic dame, 
 She mocks all torture, and exults in. flame ; 
 Her snow-white arms and heaving breast she tears ; 
 And with the gushing gore Bellona smears ; 
 Deep in her side she plants the glittering sword ; 
 And the dread goddess prompts each fateful word.) 
 "Ye youths, beware, nor touch whom Cupid guards, 
 Unpunish'd none attempt his gentle wards : 
 As my blood flows, and as these ashes fly, 
 Their wealth shall perish, and their manhood die." 
 
 She menaced then the fair with dreadful pain ; 
 E'en were you guilty, may her threats be vain : 
 
TIBULLUS. 331 
 
 Not on jour own account ; your mother's age, 
 Your worthy mother deprecates my rage : 
 When Love and Fortune smiled, her gentle aid 
 Oft me conducted to the blooming maid ; 
 My footsteps, wakeful, from afar she knew, 
 Unbarr'd the gate, nor fear'd the nightly dew : 
 Half of my life's long thread I'd pleas'd resign, 
 My sweet conductress, could I lengthen thine ! 
 Still, still, though much abus'd, I Delia prize ; 
 She 's still thy daughter, and enchants my eyes. 
 
 Yet though no coy cimarr invest the fair, 
 Nor vestal fillet bind her auburn hair ; 
 Teach her what decent modesty requires, 
 To crown my fire, alone, with equal fires. 
 Me too confine ; and if, in wanton praise 
 Of other maids, my tongue luxuriant strays, 
 Let thy suspicion then no limits know, 
 Insult me, spurn me, as thy greatest foe ! 
 But if your jealousies are built in air, 
 And patient love your usage cannot bear ; 
 What wrath may perpetrate, my soul alarms, 
 For wrath, I warn you, heeds not female charms. 
 Nor yet be chaste from mean unamorous fear ; 
 Be still most modest when I am not near. 
 
 For those, whom neither wit nor worth secure, 
 Grow old, unpitied ; palsied, worthless, poor ; 
 Yet with each servile drudgery they strive, 
 To keep their being's wretchedness alive ! 
 The gay regard their woe with laughing eyes ; 
 Swear they deserve it, and absolve the skies ! 
 Xor Venus less exults ! " May such a fate, 
 (From heaven she prays) upon th' inconstant wait." 
 
 The same my wish ! but oh may we two prove, 
 In age, a pattern of unalter'd love ! Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY YIII. 
 
 " This day" (the Fates foretold in sacred song, 
 And singing drew the vital twine along) 
 
332 TIBULLUS. 
 
 " He comes, nor shall the gods the doom recall, 
 He comes, whose sword shall quell the rebel Gaul. ■ 
 With all her laurels him shall Conquest crown, 
 And nations shudder at his awful frown ; 
 Smooth Atur, now that flows through peaceful lands, 
 Shall fly affrighted at his hostile bands." 
 'Tis done ! this prophecy Home joys to see, 
 Far-famed Messala, now fulfill'd in thee : 
 Long triumphs ravish the spectators' eyes, 
 And fetter'd chieftains of enormous size : 
 An ivory car, with steeds as white as snow, 
 Sustains thy grandeur through the pompous show. 
 
 Some little share in those exploits I bore ; 
 Witness Tarbella, and the Santoigne shore ; 
 Witness the land where steals the silent Soane, 
 Where rush the Garonne, and th' impetuous Rhone ; 
 Where Loire, enamour'd of Carnutian bounds, 
 Leads his blue water through the yellow grounds. 
 
 Or shall his other acts adorn my theme ? — 
 Fair Cydnus, winding with a silver stream ? 
 Taurus, that in the clouds his forehead hides, 
 And rich Cilicia from the world divides ; 
 Taurus, from which unnumber'd rivers spring, 
 The savage seat of tempests, shall I sing ? 
 Why should I tell, how sacred through the skies 
 Of Syrian cities, the white pigeon flies ? 
 Why sing of Tyrian towers, which Neptune laves ; 
 Whence the first vessel, venturous, stemm'd the waves ? 
 How shall the bard the secret source explore, 
 Whence, father Nile, thou draw'st thy watery store ? 
 Thy fields ne'er importune for rain the sky, 
 Thou dost benignly all their wants supply : 
 As Egypt, Apis mourns in mystic lays, 
 She joins thy praises to Osiris' praise. 
 
 Osiris first contrived the crooked plough, 
 And pull'd ripe apples from the novice bough ; 
 He taught the swains the savage mould to wound, 
 And scatter'd seed-corn in th' unpractised ground. 
 He first with poles sustain'd the reptile vine, 
 And show'd its infant tendrils how to twine ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 333 
 
 Its wanton shoots instructed man to shear, 
 Subdue their wildness, and mature the year : 
 Then too the ripen'd cluster first was trod ; 
 Then in gay streams its cordial soul bestow' d ; 
 This as swains quaff'd, spontaneous numbers came, 
 They praised the festal cask, and hymn'd thy name ; 
 All ecstasy, to certain time they bound, 
 And beat in measured awkwardness the ground. 
 Gay bowls serene the wrinkled front of care ; 
 Gay bowls the toil-oppressed swain repair ! 
 And let the slave the laughing goblet drain ; 
 He blithesome sings, though manacles enchain. 
 
 Thee sorrow flies, Osiris, god of wine ; 
 But songs, enchanting Love, and dance are thine : 
 But flowers and ivy thy fair head surround, 
 And a loose saffron mantle sweeps the ground. 
 With purple robes invested, now you glow ; 
 The shrine is shown, and flutes melodious blow : 
 Come then, my god, but come bedew'd with wine ! 
 Attend the rites, and in the dance combine ; 
 The rites and dances are to Genius due ! 
 Benign Osiris, stand confess'd to view ! 
 Rich unguents drop already from his hair, 
 His head and neck soft flowery garlands share ! 
 come, so shall my grateful incense rise, 
 And cates of honey meet thy laughing eyes ! 
 
 On thee, Messala, ('tis my fervent prayer,) 
 May heaven bestow a wise, a warlike heir : 
 In whom, increased, paternal worth may shine, 
 Whose acts may add a lustre to thy line, 
 And transports give thee in thy life's decline. 
 
 But should the gods my fervent prayer deny, 
 Thy fame, my glorious friend, shall never die. 
 Long as (thy bounteous work) the well-made way 
 Shall its broad pavement to the sun display, 
 The bards of Alba shall in lofty rhyme 
 Transmit thy glory down the tide of time : 
 They sing from gratitude : nor less the clown 
 Whom love or business have detain'd in town 
 
334 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Till late, as home he safely plods along, 
 Thee chants, Messala, in his village song. 
 
 Blest morn, which still my grateful Muse shall sing, 
 Oft rise, and with you greater blessings bring. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY IX. 
 
 In vain would lovers hide their infant-smart 
 From me, a master in the amorous art ; 
 I read their passion in their mien and eyes, 
 O'erhear their whispers, and explain their sighs. 
 This skill no Delphian oracles bestow'd, 
 No augurs taught me, and no victims show'd ; 
 But Love my wrists with magic fillets bound, 
 Lash'd me, and lashing, mutter'd many a sound. 
 No more then, Marathus, indifference feign, 
 Else vengeful Venus will enhance your pain ! 
 
 What now, sweet youth, avails your anxious care, 
 So oft to essence, oft to change your hair ? 
 What though cosmetics all their aid supply, 
 And every artifice of dress you try ? 
 She's not obliged to bredes, to gems, to clothes, 
 Her charms to nature Pholoe only owes. 
 
 What spells devote you ? say, what philtres bind ? 
 What midnight sorceress fascinates your mind ? 
 Spells can seduce the corn from neighbouring plains ! 
 The headlong serpent halts at magic strains ! 
 And did not cymbals stop thy prone career, 
 A spell thee, Luna, from thy orb would tear ! 
 
 Why do I magic for your passion blame, 
 Magic is useless to a perfect frame ! 
 You squeez'd her hands, your arms around her threw, 
 Join'd lip to lip, and hence your passion grew. 
 
 Cease then, fair maid, to give your lover pain ; 
 Love hates the haughty, will avenge the swain. 
 See youth vermilions o'er his modest face ! 
 Can riches equal such a boy's embrace ? 
 Then ask no bribe — when age affects the gay, 
 Your every smile let hoary dotage pay ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 335 
 
 But you your arms around the stripling throw, 
 And scorn the treasure monarchs can bestow. 
 But she who gives to age her charms for pay, 
 May her wealth perish and her bloom decay. 
 Then when impatience thrills in every vein, 
 May manhood shun her, and the young disdain. 
 
 Alas ! when age has silver'd o'er the head, 
 And youth that feeds the lamp of love is fled, 
 In vain the toilette charms ; 'tis vain to try, 
 Grey scanty locks with yellow nuts to die ; 
 You strip the tell-tales vainly from their place, 
 And vainly strive to mend an aged face. 
 
 Then in thine eyes while youth triumphant glows, 
 And with his flowers thy cheeks, my fair one, sows, 
 Incline thine heart to love and gentle play, 
 Youth, youth has rapid wings, and flies away ! 
 The fond old lover vilify, disdain ; 
 What praise can crown you from a stripling's pain ? 
 Spare then the lovely boy ; his beauties die, 
 By no dire sickness sent him from the sky : 
 The gods are j ust ; you, Pholoe, are to blame ; 
 His sallow colour from your coyness came. 
 
 Oh, wretched youth ! how oft, when absent you, 
 Groans rend his breast, and tears his cheeks bedew ! 
 " Why dost thou rack me with contempt ? " he cries, 
 " The willing ever can elude their spies. 
 Had you, oh had you felt what now I feel, 
 Venus would teach you from your spies to steal. 
 I can breathe low ; can snatch the melting kiss, 
 And noiseless ravish Love's enchanting bliss ; 
 At midnight I securely grope my way, 
 The floor tread noiseless, noiseless turn the key. 
 Poor fruitless skill I my skill if she despise, 
 And cruel from the bed of rapture flies. 
 Or if a promise haply I obtain, 
 That she will recompense at night my pain ; 
 How am I duped ! I wakeful listen round, 
 And think I hear her in each casual sound. 
 Perish the wiles of Love and arts of dress ! 
 In russet weeds I'll shroud my wretchedness. 
 
336 TIBULLUS. 
 
 The wiles of Love and arts of dress are vain, 
 My fair to soften and admittance gain." 
 
 Youth, weep no more, your eyes are swoln with tears ; 
 No more complain, for oh ! she stops her ears. 
 The gods, I warn you, hate the haughty fair, 
 Reject their incense, and deny their prayer. 
 This youth, this Marathus, who wears your chains, 
 Late laugh'd at love, and ridiculed its pains ! 
 Th' impatient lover in the street would stay ! 
 Nor dreamt that vengeance would his crimes repay. 
 Now, now he moans his past misdeeds with tears, 
 A prey to love, and all its frantic fears : 
 Now he exclaims at female scorn and hate ; 
 And from his soul abhors a bolted gate ! 
 
 Like vengeance waits you, trust th' unerring Muse, 
 If still you 're coy, and still access refuse ! 
 Then how you'll wish, when old, contemn'd of all, 
 But vainly wish, these moments to recall ! Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY X. 1 
 
 Why did you swear by all the powers above, 
 Yet never meant to crown my longing love ? 
 Wretch, though at first the perjured deed you hide, 
 Wrath comes with certain, though with tardy stride ; 
 Yet, yet, offended gods, my charmer spare ! 
 Yet pardon the first fault of one so fair ! 
 
 For gold the careful farmer ploughs the plain, 
 And joins his oxen to the cumbrous wain ; 
 For gold, through seas that stormy winds obey, 
 By stars, the sailor steers his watery way. 
 Yet, gracious gods, this gold from man remove, 
 That wicked metal bribed the fair I love. 
 
 Soon shall you suffer greatly for your crime, 
 A weary wanderer in a foreign clime ; 
 
 1 The translator has been obliged to use pretty much the same freedom 
 with this Elegy as with the fourth. Had the other Elegies of Tibullus 
 been like these two, he had never taken the trouble of translating them. 
 But, as both in this version are new modelled, it is hoped that neither of 
 them can shock the most delicate modesty. 
 
TIBULLUS. 337 
 
 Your hair shall change, and boasted bloom decay, 
 By wintry tempests and the solar ray. 
 
 " Beware of gold," how oft did I advise ! 
 " From tempting gold what mighty mischiefs rise ! 
 Love's generous power," I said, " with ten-fold pain, 
 The wretch will rack, who sells her charms for gain. 
 Let torture all her cruelties exert, 
 Torture is pastime to a venal heart. 
 
 " Nor idly dream your gallantries to hide, 
 The gods are ever on the sufferer's side. 
 With sleep or wine o'ercome, so fate ordains, 
 You'll blab the secret of your impious gains." 
 
 Thus oft I warn'd you ; this augments my shame ; 
 My sighs, tears, homage, henceforth I disclaim. 
 
 " No wealth shall bribe my constancy," you swore ; 
 " Be mine the bard," you sigh'd, " I crave no more : 
 Not all Campania shall my heart entice, 
 For thee Campania's autumns I despise. 
 Let Bacchus in Falernian vineyards stray, 
 Not Bacchus' vineyards shall my faith betray." 
 
 Such strong professions, in so soft a strain, 
 Might well deceive a captivated swain ; 
 Such strong professions might aversion charm, 
 Slow doubt determine, and indifference warm. 
 Nay more, you wept, unpractised to betray, 
 I kiss'd your cheeks, and wiped the tears away. 
 
 But if I tempting gold unjustly blame, 
 And you have left me for another flame, 
 May he, like you, seem kind, like you, deceive, 
 And oh may you, like cheated me, believe. 
 
 Oft I by night the torch myself would bear, 
 That none our tender converse might o'erhear ; 
 When least expected, oft some youth I led, 
 A youth all beauty, to the genial bed, 
 And tutor'd him your conquest to complete, 
 By soft enticements, and a fond deceit. 
 
 By these I foolish hoped to gain your love ! 
 Who than Tibullus could more cautious prove ? 
 
338 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Fired with uncommon powers, I swept the lyre, 
 And sent you melting strains of soft desire. 
 The thought o'erspreads my face with conscious shame, 
 Doom, doom them victims to the seas or flame. 
 No verse be theirs, who Love's soft fires profane, 
 And sell inestimable joys for gain. 
 
 But you who first the lovely maid decoy'd, 
 By each adulterer be your wife enjoy'd. 
 And when each youth has rifled all her charms, 
 May bed-gowns guard her from your loathed arms ! 
 May she, oh may she like your sister prove, 
 As famed for drinking, far more famed for love ! 
 "lis true, the bottle is her chief delight, 
 She knows no better way to pass the night ; 
 Your wife more knowing can the night improve, 
 To joys of Bacchus joins the joys of love. 
 
 Think'st thou for thee the toilette is her care ? 
 For thee, that fillets bind her well-dress'd hair ? 
 For thee, that Tyrian robes her charms enfold ? 
 For thee, her arms are deck'd with burnish'd gold? 
 By these, some youth the wanton would entice, 
 For him she dresses, and for him she sighs ; 
 To him she prostitutes, unawed by shame, 
 Your house, your pocket, and your injured fame: 
 Nor blame her conduct, say, ye young, what charms 
 Can beauty taste in gout and age's arms ? 
 
 Less nice my fair one, she for money can 
 Caress a gouty, impotent old man ; 
 thou by generous Love too justly blamed ! 
 All, all that Love could give, my passion claim'd. 
 Yet since thou couldst so mercenary prove, 
 The more deserving shall engross my love : 
 Then thou wilt weep when these adored you see ; 
 Weep on, thy tears will transport give to me. 
 To Venus I'll suspend a golden shield, 
 With this inscription graved upon the field : 
 
 " Tibullus, freed at last from amorous woes, 
 This offering, Queen of Bliss, on thee bestows : 
 And humbly begs, that henceforth thou wilt guard 
 From such a passion thy devoted bard." Grainger. 
 
TIBULLUS. 339 
 
 ELEGY XI. 
 
 Who was the first that forged the deadly blade ? 
 Of rugged steel his savage soul was made ; 
 By him, his bloody flag ambition waved, 
 And grisly carnage through the battle raved. 
 Yet wherefore blame him ? we're ourselves to blame ; 
 Arms first were forged to kill the savage game : 
 Death-dealing battles were unknown of old ; 
 Death-dealing battles took their rise from gold. 
 When beechen bowls on oaken tables stood, 
 When temperate acorns were our fathers' food, 
 The swain slept peaceful with his flocks around, 
 No trench was opend and no fortress frown'd. 
 
 Oh had I lived in gentle days like these, 
 To love devoted and to home-felt ease ; 
 Compell'd I had not been those arms to wear, 
 Nor had the trumpet forced me from the fair ; 
 But now I'm dragg'd to war, perhaps my foe 
 E'en now prepares th' inevitable blow ! 
 
 Come then, paternal gods, whose help I've known 
 From birth to manhood, still protect your own, 
 Nor blush, my gods, though carved of ancient wood, 
 So carved in our forefathers' times you stood ; 
 And though in no proud temples you were praised, 
 Nor foreign incense on your altars blazed, 
 Yet white-robed faith conducted every swain, 
 Yet meek-eyed piety serened the plain ; [hair, 
 
 While clustering grapes, or wheat-wreaths round your 
 Appeased your anger, and engaged your care : 
 Or dulcet cakes himself the farmer paid, 
 When crown'd his wishes by your powerful aid ; 
 While his fair daughter brought with her from home 
 The luscious offering of a honey-comb : 
 If now you'll aid me in the hour of need, 
 Your care I'll recompense — a boar shall bleed. 
 In white array'd, I'll myrtle baskets bear, 
 And myrtle foliage round my temples wear : 
 In arms redoubtable let others shine, 
 By Mars protected mow the hostile line ; 
 z 2 
 
340 TIBULLUS. 
 
 You let me please, my head with roses crown, 
 
 And every care in flowing goblets drown ; 
 
 Then Avhen I'm joyous let the soldier tell, 
 
 What foes were captived and what leaders fell ; 
 
 Or on the board describe with flowing wine, 
 
 The furious onset and the flying line. 
 
 For reason whispers, Why will short-lived man 
 
 By war contract his too contracted span ? 
 
 Yet when he leaves the cheerful realms of light, 
 
 No laughing bowls, no harvests cheer the sight, 
 
 But howl the damn'd, the triple monster roars, 
 
 And Charon grumbles on the Stygian shores : 
 
 By fiery lakes the blasted phantoms yell, 
 
 Or shroud their anguish in the depths of hell. 
 
 In a thatch'd cottage happier he by far, 
 Who never hears of arms, of gold, or war. 
 His chaste embrace a numerous offspring crown, 
 He courts not fortune's smile, nor dreads her frown : 
 While lenient baths at home his wife prepares, 
 He and his sons attend their fleecy cares. 
 As old, as poor, as peaceful may I be, 
 So guard my flocks, and such an offspring see. 
 Meantime, soft Peace, descend ; oh bless our plains ! 
 Soft Peace to plough with oxen taught the swains. 
 Peace plants the orchard and matures the vine, 
 And first gay-laughing prest the ruddy wine ; 
 The father quaffs, deep quaff his joyous friends, 
 Yet to his son a well-stored vault descends. 
 
 Bright shine the ploughshare, our support and joy ! 
 But rust, deep rust, the veteran's arms destroy ! 
 
 The villager, (his sacred offerings paid 
 In the dark grove and consecrated shade,) 
 His wife and sons, now darkness parts the throng, 
 Drives home, and whistles as he reels along. 
 Then triumphs Venus ; then love-feuds prevail ; 
 The youth all jealous then the fair assail ; 
 Doors, windows fly, no deference they pay, 
 The chastest suffer in th' ungentle fray : 
 These beat their breasts and melt in moving tears ; 
 The lover weeps and blames his rage and fears ; 
 
TIBULLUS. 341 
 
 Love sits between, unmoved with tears and sighs, 
 And with incentives sly the feud supplies. 
 
 Ye youths, though stung with taunts, of blows beware ; 
 They, they are impious, who can beat the fair : 
 If much provoked, or rend their silken zone, 
 Or on their tresses be your anger shown : 
 But if nor this your passion can appease, 
 Until the charmer weep, the charmer tease ! 
 Blest anger, if the fair dissolves in tears ! 
 Blest youth, her fondness undisguised appears ! 
 But crush the wretch, O war, with all thy woes, 
 Who to rough usage adds the crime of blows. 
 
 Bland Peace, descend with plenty on our plains, 
 And bless with ease and laughing sport the swains. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ELEGY I. 
 
 Attend ! and favour ! as our sires ordain, 
 The fields we lustrate, and the rising grain : 
 Come, Bacchus, and thy horns with grapes surround 
 Come, Ceres, with thy wheaten garland crown'd ; 
 This hallow'd day suspend each swain his toil, 
 Rest let the plough, and rest th' uncultured soil : 
 Unyoke the steer, his racks heap high with hay, 
 And deck with wreaths his honest front to-day. 
 Be all your thoughts to this grand work applied ! 
 And lay, ye thrifty fair, your wool aside ! 
 Hence I command you mortals from the rite, 
 Who spent in amorous blandishment the night, 
 The vernal powers in chastity delight. 
 But come, ye pure, in spotless garbs array'd ! 
 For you the solemn festival is made ; 
 Come ! follow thrice the victim round the lands ! 
 In running water purify your hands ! 
 
342 flBULLUS. 
 
 See ! to the flames the willing victim come ! 
 
 Ye swains with olive crown'd, be dumb ! be dumb ! 
 
 " From ills, sylvan gods, our limits shield, 
 
 To-day we purge the farmer and the field ; 
 
 Oh let no weeds destroy the rising grain ; 
 
 By no fell prowler be the lambkin slain ; 
 
 So shall the hind dread penury no more, 
 
 But gaily smiling o'er his plenteous store, 
 
 With liberal hand shall larger billets bring, 
 
 Heap the broad hearth, and hail the genial spring. 
 
 His numerous bond-slaves all in goodly rows, 
 
 With wicker huts your altars shall enclose. 
 
 That done, they'll cheerly laugh, and dance, and play, 
 
 And praise your goodness in their uncouth lay." 
 
 The gods assent ! see ! see ! those entrails show 
 That heaven approves of what is done below ! 
 Now quaff Falernian, let my Chian wine, 
 Pour'd from the cask, in massy goblets shine ! 
 Drink deep, my friends ; all, all, be madly gay, 
 'Twere irreligion not to reel to-day ! 
 Health to Messala, every peasant toast, 
 And not a letter of his name be lost ! 
 
 O come, my friend, whom Gallic triumphs grace, 
 Thou noblest splendour of an ancient race ; 
 Thou whom the arts all emulously crown, 
 Sword of the state, and honour of the gown ; 
 My theme is gratitude, inspire my lays ! 
 Oh be my Genius ! while I strive to praise 
 The rural deities, the rural plain, 
 The use of foodful corn they taught the swain. 
 They taught man first the social hut to raise, 
 And thatch it o'er with turf, or leafy sprays : 
 They first to tame the furious bull essay'd, 
 And on rude wheels the rolling carriage laid. 
 Man left his savage ways ; the garden glow'd, 
 Fruits not their own admiring trees bestow'd, 
 While through the thirsty ground meandering runnels 
 
 flow'd. 
 There bees of sweets despoil the breathing spring, 
 And to their cells the dulcet plunder bring. 
 
TIBULLUS. 343 
 
 The ploughman first to soothe the toilsome day, 
 Chanted in measur'd feet his sylvan lay : 
 And, seed-time o'er, he first in blithesome vein, 
 Piped to his household gods the hymning strain. 
 Then first the press with purple wine o'erran, 
 And cooling water made it fit for man. 
 The village lad first made a wreath of flowers 
 To deck in spring the tutelary powers : 
 Blest be the country, yearly there the plain 
 Yields, when the dog-star burns, the golden grain ; 
 Thence too thy chorus, Bacchus, first began, 
 The painted clown first laid the tragic plan. 
 A goat, the leader of the shaggy throng, 
 The village sent it, recompensed the song. 
 There too the sheep his woolly treasure wears ; 
 There too the swain his woolly treasure shears ; 
 This to the thirsty dame long work supplies ; 
 The distaff hence, and basket took their rise. 
 Hence too the various labours of the loom, 
 Thy praise, Minerva, and Arachne's doom ! 
 Mid mountain herds Love first drew vital air, 
 Unknown to man, and man had nought to fear ; 
 'Gainst herds, his bow th' unskilful archer drew ; 
 Ah my pierced heart, an archer now too true ! 
 Now herds may roam untouch'd, 'tis Cupid's joy, 
 The brave to vanquish, and to fix the coy. 
 The youth whose heart the soft emotion feels, 
 Nor sighs for wealth, nor waits at grandeur's heels ; 
 Age fired by Love is touch'd by shame no more, 
 But blabs its follies at the fair one's door ! 
 Led by soft Love, the tender, trembling fair 
 Steals to her swain, and cheats suspicion's care, 
 With outstretched arms she wins her darkling way, 
 And tiptoe listens that no noise betray ! 
 
 Ah wretched those on whom dread Cupid frowns ! 
 How happy they whose mutual choice he crowns ! 
 Will Love partake the banquet of the day ? 
 come — but throw thy burning shafts away. 
 
 Ye swains, begin to mighty Love the song, 
 Your songs, ye swains, to mighty Love belong I 
 
344 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Breathe out aloud your wishes for my fold, 
 Your own soft vows in whispers may be told. 
 But hark ! loud mirth and music fire the crowd — 
 Ye now may venture to request aloud ! 
 
 Pursue your sports ; night mounts her curtain'd wain 
 The dancing stars compose her filial train ; 
 Black muffled sleep steals on with silent pace, 
 And dreams flit last, imaginations race ! Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY II. 
 
 Rise, happy morn, without a cloud arise ! 
 This morn, Cornutus blest his mother's eyes ! 
 Hence each unholy wish, each adverse sound, 
 As we his altar's hallow'd verge surround ! 
 Let rich Arabian odours scent the skies, 
 And sacred incense from his altar rise ; 
 Implored, thou tutelary god, descend ! 
 And deck'd with flowery wreaths the rites attend ! 
 Then as his brows with precious unguents flow, 
 Sweet sacred cakes and liberal wine bestow. 
 
 O Genius, grant whate'er my friend desires ; 
 The cake is scatter'd, and the flame aspires ! 
 Ask then, my noble friend, whate'er you want : 
 What, silent still ? your prayer the god will grant : 
 Uncovetous of rural wide domains, 
 You beg no woody hills, no cultured plains : 
 Not venal, you request no Eastern stores, 
 Where ruddy waters lave the gemmy shores : 
 Your wish I guess ; you wish a beauteous spouse, 
 Joy of your joy, and faithful to your vows. 
 'Tis done ! my friend ! see nuptial Love appears ! 
 See ! in his hand a yellow zone he bears ! 
 A yellow zone, that spite of years shall last, 
 And heighten fondness, e'en when beauty's past. 
 
 With happy signs, great power, confirm our prayer. 
 With endless concord bless the married pair. 
 grant, dread Genius, that a numerous race 
 Of beauteous infants crown their fond embrace : 
 
TIBULLUS. 345 
 
 Their beauteous infants round thy feet shall play, 
 And keep with custom'd rites this happy day. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY III. 
 
 Mr fair, Cornutus, to the country's flown, 
 Oh how insipid is the city grown ! 
 No taste have they for elegance refined, 
 No tender blossoms, who remain behind : 
 Now Cytherea glads the laughing plain, 
 And smiles and sports compose her sylvan train. 
 Now Cupid joys to learn the ploughman's phrase, 
 And clad a peasant, o'er the fallows strays. 
 Oh how the weighty prong I'll busy wield ! 
 Should the fair wander to the labour'd field ; 
 A farmer then, the crooked ploughshare hold, 
 Whilst the dull ox prepares the vigorous mould : 
 I'd not complain though Phoebus burnt the lands, 
 And painful blisters swell'd my tender hands. 
 
 Admetus' herds the fair Apollo drove, 
 In spite of med'cine's power, a prey to love ; 
 Nor aught avail'd to soothe his amorous care, 
 His lyre of silver sound, or waving hair. 
 To quench their thirst the kine to streams he led, 
 And drove them from their pasture to the shed : 
 The milk to curdle, then, the fair he taught, 
 And from the cheese to strain the dulcet draught. 
 Oft, oft his virgin sister blush'd for shame, 
 As bearing lambkins o'er the field he came ! 
 Oft would he sing the list'ning vales among, 
 Till lowing oxen broke the plaintive song. 
 To Delphi trembling, anxious chiefs repair, 
 But got no answer, Phoebus was not there. 
 Thy curling locks that charm'd a step-dame's eye, 
 A jealous step-dame now neglected fly ! 
 To see thee, Phoebus, thus disfigured stray, 
 Who could discover the fair god of day ? 
 Constrain'd by Cupid in a cot to pine, 
 Where was thy Delos, where thy Pythian shrine ? 
 
346 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Thrice happy days, when Love almighty sway'cl ! 
 And openly the gods his will obey'd. 
 Now Love's soft power's become a common jest — 
 Yet those who feel his influence in their breast, 
 The prude's contempt, the wise man's sneer despise, 
 Nor would his chains forego to rule the skies. 
 
 Curst farm ! that forced my Nemesis from town, 
 Blasts taint thy vines, and rains thy harvests drown. 
 Though hymns implore your aid, great god of wine ! 
 Assist the lover, and neglect the vine ; 
 To shades, unpunish'd, ne'er let beauty stray ; 
 Not all your vintage can its absence pay ! 
 Rather than harvest should the fair detain, 
 May fills and acorns feed th' unactive swain ! 
 The swains of old no golden Ceres knew, 
 And yet how fervent was their love and true ! 
 Their melting vows the Paphian queen approved, 
 And every valley witness'd how they loved. 
 Then lurk'd no spies to catch the willing maid ; 
 Doorless each house ; in vain no shepherd pray'd. 
 Once more, ye simple usages, obtain ! 
 No — lead me, drive me to the cultur'd plain ! 
 Enchain me, whip me, if the fair command ; 
 Whipp'd and enchain'd I'll plough the stubborn land! 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY IV. 
 
 Chains and a haughty fair I fearless view ! 
 Hopes of paternal freedom, all adieu. 
 Ah, when will Love compassionate my woes ? 
 In one sad tenour my existence flows : 
 Whether I kiss or bite the galling chain, 
 Alike my pleasure, and alike my pain. 
 I burn, I burn ! oh banish my despair ! 
 Oh ease my torture, too, too cruel fair : 
 Rather than feel such vast, such matchless woe, 
 I'd rise some rock o'erspread with endless snow ; 
 Or frown a cliff on some disastrous shore, 
 Where ships are wreck'd, and tempests ever roar ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 34' 
 
 In pensive gloominess I pass the night, 
 Nor feel contentment at the dawn of light. 
 What though the god of verse my wees indite, 
 What though I soothing elegies can write, 
 No strains of elegy her pride control ; 
 Gold is the passport to her venal soul. 
 I ask not of the Nine the epic lay ; 
 Ye Nine ! or aid my passion, or away. 
 I ask not to describe in lofty strain 
 The sun's eclipses, or the lunar wane ; 
 To win admission to the haughty maid, 
 Alone I crave your elegiac aid ; 
 But if she still contemns the tearful lay, 
 Ye and your elegies away, away ! 
 In vain I ask, but gold ne'er asks in vain ; 
 Then will I desolate the world for gain ! 
 For gold, I'll impious plunder every shrine ; 
 But chief, Venus, will I plunder thine ! 
 By thee compell'd I love a venal maid, 
 And quit for bloody fields my peaceful shade : 
 By thee compell'd I rob the hallow'd shrine, 
 Then chiefly Venus will I plunder thine ! 
 
 Perish the man ! whose curst industrious toil 
 Or finds the gem, or dyes the woolly spoil ; 
 Hence, hence the sex's avarice arose, 
 And art with nature not enough bestows : 
 Hence the fierce dog was posted for a guard, 
 The fair grew venal, and their gates were barr'd. 
 But weighty presents vigilance o'ercome, 
 The gate bursts open, and the dog is dumb. 
 
 From venal charms, ye gods ! what mischiefs flow ! 
 The joy, how much o'erbalanced by the woe ! 
 Hence, hence so few, sweet Love, frequent thy fane, 
 Hence impious slander loads thy guiltless reign. 
 
 But ye ! who sell your heavenly charms for hire, 
 Your ill-got riches be consumed with fire ! 
 May not one lover strive to quench the blaze, 
 But smile malicious as o'er all it preys ! 
 And when ye die no gentle friend be near, 
 To catch your breath or shed a genuine tear ! 
 
348 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Behind the corpse to march in solemn show, 
 Or Syrian odours on the pile bestow. 
 
 Far other fates attend the generous maid ; 
 Though age and sickness bid her beauties fade, 
 Still she 's revered ; and when death's easy call 
 Has freed her spirit from life's anxious thrall, 
 The pitying neighbours all her loss deplore, 
 And many a weeping friend besets the door ; 
 While some old lover, touch'd with grateful woe, 
 Shall yearly garlands on her tomb bestow ; 
 And home returning, thus the fair address, 
 " Light may the turf thy gentle bosom press." 
 
 'Tis truth ; but what has truth with love to do ? 
 Imperious Cupid, I submit to you ! 
 To sell my father's seat should you command, 
 Adieu, my father's gods, my father's land ! 
 From madding mares, whate'er of poison flows, 
 Or on the forehead of their offspring grows, 
 Whate'er Medea brew'd of baleful juice, 
 What noxious herbs iEmathian hills produce ; 
 Of all, let Nemesis a draught compose, 
 Or mingle poisons, feller still than those ; 
 If she but smile, the deadly cup I'll drain, 
 Forget her avarice, and exult in pain ! Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 I see my slavery, and a mistress near ; 
 
 Oh, freedom of my fathers ! fare thee well ! 
 A slavery wretched, and a chain severe, 
 
 Nor Love remits the bonds that o'er me fell. 
 
 How have I then deserved consuming pain ? 
 
 Or for what sin am I of flames the prey ? 
 I burn, ah me ! I burn in every vein ! 
 
 Take, cruel girl, oh take thy torch away ! 
 
 Oh ! but to 'scape this agonizing heat, 
 
 Might I a stone on icy mountains lie ! 
 Stand a bleak rock by wreaking billows beat, 
 
 And swept by madding whirlwinds of the sky ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 349 
 
 Bitter the day, and ah ! the nightly shade ; 
 
 And all my hours in venom'd stream have roll'd ; 
 No elegies, no lays of Phoebus, aid ; 
 
 With hollow palm she craves the tinkling gold. 
 
 Away, ye Muses ! if ye serve not Love : 
 
 I, not to sing of battles, woo your strain ; 
 How walks the bright-hair'd sun the heavens above, 
 
 Or turns the full-orb'd moon her steeds again. 
 
 By verse I seek soft access to my fair ; 
 
 Away, ye Muses ! with the useless lore ; 
 Through blood and pillage I must gifts prepare ; 
 
 Or weep, thrown prostrate at her bolted door. 
 
 Suspended spoils I'll snatch from pompous fanes ; 
 
 But Venus first shall violated be ; 
 She prompts the sacrilege, who forged the chains ; 
 
 And gave that nymph insatiable to me. 
 
 Perish the wretch ! who culls the emerald green, 
 Or paints the snowy fleece with Tyrian red ! 
 
 Through filmy Coan robes her limbs are seen, 
 And India's pearls gleam lucid from her head. 
 
 'Tis pamper'd avarice thus corrupts the fair ; 
 
 The key is turn'd ; the mastiff guards the door : 
 The guard 's disarm'd, if large the bribe you bear ; 
 
 The dog is hush'd ; the key withstands no more. 
 
 Alas ! that e'er a heavenly form should grace 
 The nymph that pants with covetous desires ! 
 
 Hence tears and clamorous brawls, and sore disgrace 
 E'en to the name of love, that bliss inspires. 
 
 For thee, that shutt'st the lover from thy door, 
 Foil'd by a price, the gilded hire of shame, 
 
 May tempests scatter this thy ill-got ore, 
 Strewn on the winds, or melted in the flame. 
 
 May climbing fires thy mansion's roof devour, 
 
 And youths gaze glad, nor throw the quenching wave ; 
 
 May none bemoan thee at thy dying hour, 
 None pay the mournful tribute to thy grave. 
 
 But she, unbribed, unbought, yet melting kind, 
 May she a hundred years, unfading, bloom ; 
 
350 T1BULLUS. 
 
 Be wept, while on the flaming pile reclined, 
 And yearly garlands twine her pillar'd tomb. 
 
 Some ancient lover, with his locks of grey, 
 
 Honouring the raptures that his youth had blest, 
 
 Shall hang the wreath, and slow-departing say, 
 
 " Sleep ! — and may earth lie light upon thy breast ! " 
 
 Truth prompts my tongue ; but what can truth avail ? 
 
 The love her laws prescribe must now be mine ; 
 My ancestors' loved groves I set to sale — 
 
 My household gods, your title I resign ! 
 
 Nay — Circe's juice, Medea's drugs, each plant 
 Of Thessaly, whence dews of poison fall ; — 
 
 Let but my Nemesis' soft smile enchant, 
 
 Then let her mix the cup — I'll drink them all ! Elton. 
 
 ELEGY V. 
 
 To hear our solemn vows, Phcebus, deign ! 
 
 A novel pontiff treads thy sacred fane : 
 
 Nor distant hear, dread power ! 'tis Rome's request, 
 
 That with thy golden lyre thou stand'st confest : 
 
 Deign, mighty bard ! to strike the vocal string, 
 
 And praise thy pontiff ; we his praises sing : 
 
 Around thy brows triumphant laurels twine, 
 
 Thine altar visit, and thy rites divine : 
 
 New flush thy charms, new curl thy waving hair ; 
 
 O come the god in vestment and in air ! 
 
 When Saturn was dethroned, so crowned with bays, 
 
 So robed, thou sung'st th' almighty victor's praise. 
 
 What fate, from gods and man, has wrapt in night, 
 
 Prophetic flashes on thy mental sight : 
 
 From thee diviners learn their prescient lore, 
 
 On reeking bowels as they thoughtful pore : 
 
 The seer thou teachest the success of things, 
 
 As flies the bird, or feeds, or screams, or sings : 
 
 The Sibyl-leaves if Rome ne'er sought in vain, 
 
 Thou gav'st a meaning to the mystic strain : 
 
 Thy sacred influence may this pontiff know, 
 
 And as he reads them with the prophet glow. 
 
TIBULLUS. 351 
 
 When great ./Eneas snatch'd his aged sire, 
 And burning lares, from the Grecian fire, 
 She, she foretold this empire fix'd by fate, 
 And all the triumphs of the Roman state ; 
 Yet when he saw his Ilion wrapp'd in flame, 
 He scarce could credit the mysterious dame. 
 
 (Quirinus had not plann'd eternal Rome, 
 Nor had his brother met his early doom ; 
 Where now Jove's temple swells, low hamlets stood, 
 And domes ascend, where heifers cropp'd their food. 
 Sprinkled with milk, Pan graced an oak's dun shade, 
 And scythe-arm'd Pales watch'd the mossy glade ; 
 For help from Pan, to Pan on every bough 
 Pipes hung, the grateful shepherd's vocal vow ; 
 Of reeds, still lessening, was the gift composed, 
 And friendly wax th' unequal junctures closed. 
 So where Velabrian streets like cities seem, 
 One little wherry plied the lazy stream, 
 O'er which the wealthy shepherd's favourite maid 
 "Was to her swain, on holidays, convey'd ; 
 The swain, his truth of passion to declare, 
 Or lamb, or cheese, presented to the fair.) 
 
 THE CUALEAN SIBYL SPEAKS. 
 
 " Fierce brother of the power of soft desire, 
 Who fliest, with Trojan gods, the Grecian fire ! 
 Now Jove assigns thee Laurentine abodes, 
 Those friendly plains invite thy banish'd gods ! 
 There shall a nobler Troy herself applaud, 
 Admire her wanderings, and the Grecian fraud ! 
 There thou from yonder sacred stream shalt rise 
 A god thyself, and mingle with the skies ! 
 No more thy Phrygians for their country sigh, 
 See conquest o'er your shatter' d navy fly ! 
 See the Rutulian tents, a mighty blaze ! 
 Thou, Turnus ! soon shalt end thy hateful days ! 
 The camp I see, Lavinium greets my view ! 
 And Alba ! brave Ascanius ! built by you : 
 I see thee, Ilia ! leave, the vestal fire, 
 And, clasp'd by Mars, in amorous bliss expire ! 
 
352 TIBULLUS. 
 
 On Tiber's bank thy sacred robes I see, 
 
 And arms abandon'd, eager god ! by thee. 
 
 Your hills crop fast, ye herds ! while fate allows ; 
 
 Eternal Rome shall rise, where now ye browse : 
 
 Rome, that shall stretch her irresistless reign 
 
 Wherever Ceres views her golden grain ; 
 
 Far as the east extends his purple ray, 
 
 And where the west shuts up the gates of day. 
 
 The truth I sing ; so may the laurels prove 
 
 Safe food, and I be screen'd from guilty love." 
 
 Thus sung the sibyl, and address'd her prayer, 
 Phoebus ! to thee, and madding, loosed her hair. 
 Nor, Phoebus ! give him only these to know, 
 A further knowledge on thy priest bestow : 
 Let him interpret what thy fav'rite maid, 
 What Amalthea, what Mermessia said : 
 Let him interpret what Albuna bore 
 Through Tiber's waves, unwet, to Tiber's farthest shore. 
 
 When stony tempests fell, when comets glared, 
 Intestine wars their oracles declared : 
 The sacred groves (our ancestors relate) 
 Foretold the changes of the Roman state : 
 To charge the clarion sounded in the sky, 
 Arms clash'd, blood ran, and warriors, seem'd to die : 
 With monstrous prodigies the year began ; 
 An annual darkness the whole globe o'erran ; 
 Apollo, shorn of every beamy ray, 
 Oft strove, but strove in vain, to light the day : 
 The statues of the gods wept tepid tears ; 
 And speaking oxen fill'd mankind with fears ! 
 
 These were of old : no more, Apollo ! frown, 
 But in the waves each adverse omen drown. 
 Oh ! let thy bays in crackling flames ascend, 
 So shall the year with joy begin and end ! 
 The bays give prosperous signs ; rejoice, ye swains ! 
 Propitious Ceres shall reward your pains. 
 With must the jolly rustic purpled o'er, 
 Shall squeeze rich clusters, which their tribute pour, 
 Till vats are wanting to contain their store. 
 
T1BULLUS. 353 
 
 Far hence, ye wolves ! the mellow shepherds bring 
 Their gifts to Pales, and her praises sing. 
 Now, fired with wine, they solemn bonfires raise, 
 And .leap, untimorous, through the strawy blaze ! 
 From every cot unnumber'd children throng, 
 Frequent the dance, and louder raise the song : 
 And while in mirth the hours they thus employ, 
 At home the grandsire tends his little boy ; 
 And in each feature pleased himself to trace, 
 Foretells his prattler will adorn the race. 
 
 The sylvan youth, their grateful homage paid, 
 Where plays some streamlet, seek th' embowering shade ; 
 Or stretch'd on soft enamel'd meadows he, 
 Where thickest umbrage cools the summer sky : 
 With roses, see ! the sacred cup is crown'd, 
 Hark ! music breathes her animating sound : 
 The couch of turf, and festal tables stand 
 Of turf, erected by each shepherd-hand ; 
 And all well-pleased the votive feast prepare, 
 Each one his goblet and each one his share. 
 ]Sow drunk, they blame their stars and curse the maid, 
 But sober, deprecate whate'er they said. 
 
 Perish thy shafts, Apollo ! and thy bow ! 
 If Love unarmed in our forests go. 
 Yet since he learn'd to wing th' unerring dart, 
 Much cause has man to curse his fatal art : 
 But most have I ; the sun has wheel'd his round 
 Since first I felt the deadly festering wound ; 
 Yet, yet I fondly, madly, wish to burn, 
 Abjure indifference, and at comfort spurn ; 
 And though from Nemesis my Genius flows, 
 Her scarce I sing, so weighty are my woes ! 
 
 O cruel Love ! how joyous should I be, 
 Your arrows broke and torch extinct to see ! 
 From you, my want of reverence to the skies ! 
 From you, my woes and imprecations rise ! 
 Yet I advise you, too relentless fair ! 
 (As heaven protects the bards) a bard to spare ! 
 
 E'en now, the pontiff claims my loftiest lay, 
 In triumph soon he'll mount the sacred way. 
 
354 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Then pictured towns shall show successful war, 
 And spoils and chiefs attend his ivory car : 
 Myself will bear the laurel in my hand, 
 And pleased, amid the pleased spectators stand : 
 While war-worn veterans, with laurels crown'd, 
 With Io-triumphs shake the streets around. 
 His father hails him as he rides along, 
 And entertains with pompous shows the throng. 
 
 Phoebus ! kindly deign to grant my prayer ; 
 So may'st thou ever wave thy curled hair ; 
 So ever may thy virgin-sister's name 
 Preserve the lustre of a spotless fame. Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY YI. 
 
 Macer campaigns ; who now will thee obey, 
 O Love ! if Macer dare forego thy sway ? 
 Put on the crest, and grasp the burnish'd shield, 
 Pursue the base deserter to the field : 
 Or if to winds he gives the loosen'd sail, 
 Mount thou the deck, and risk the stormy gale : 
 To dare desert thy sweetly-pleasing pains, 
 For stormy seas, or sanguinary plains ! 
 'Tis, Cupid ! thine, the wanderer to reclaim, 
 Regain thy honour and avenge thy name ! 
 If such thou spar'st, a soldier I will be, 
 The meanest soldier, and abandon thee. 
 Adieu, ye trifling loves ! farewell, ye fair ! 
 The trumpet charms me, I to camps repair ; 
 The martial look, the martial garb assume, 
 And see the laurel on my forehead bloom ! 
 My vaunts how vain ! debarr'd the cruel maid, 
 The warrior softens, and my laurels fade. 
 Piqued to the soul, how frequent have I swore, 
 Her gate so servile to approach no more ! 
 Unconscious what I did, I still return'd, 
 Was still denied access, and yet I burn'd ! 
 
 Ye youths, whom Love commands with angry sway, 
 Attend his wars, like me, and pleased obey. 
 
TIBULLUS. 355 
 
 This iron age approves his sway no more. : 
 
 All fly to camps for gold, and gold adore : 
 
 Yet gold clothes kindred states in hostile arms ! 
 
 Hence blood and death, confusion and alarms ! 
 
 Mankind, for lust of gold, at once defy 
 
 The naval combat, and the stormy sky ! 
 
 The soldier hopes, by martial spoils, to gain 
 
 Flocks without number, and a rich domain : 
 
 His hopes obtain'd by every horrid crime, 
 
 He seeks for marble in each foreign clime : 
 
 A thousand yoke sustain the pillar'd freight, 
 
 And Rome, surprised, beholds th' enormous weight. 
 
 Let such with moles the furious deep enclose, 
 
 Where fish may swim unhurt, though winter blows : 
 
 Let flocks and villas call the spoiler lord ! 
 
 And be the spoiler by the fair adored ! 
 
 Let one we know, a whipp'd barbarian slave, 
 
 Live like a king, with kingly pride behave ! 
 
 Be ours the joys of economic ease, 
 
 From bloody fields remote, and stormy seas ! 
 
 In gold, alas ! the venal fair delight ! 
 Since beauty sighs for spoil, for spoil I '11 fight ! 
 In all my plunder Nemesis shall shine, 
 Yours be the profit, be the peril mine : 
 To deck your heav'nly charms the silk-worm dies, 
 Embroidery labours, and the shuttle flies ! 
 For you be rifled ocean's pearly store ! 
 To you Pactolus send his golden ore ! 
 Ye Indians ! blacken'd by the nearer sun, 
 Before her steps in splendid liveries run ; 
 For you shall wealthy Tyre and Afric vie, 
 To yield the purple and the scarlet dye. Grainger. 
 
 IMITATION OF PART OF THE SAME. 
 
 Few are the maids that now on merit smile, 
 On spoil and war is bent this iron age : 
 
 Yet pain and death attend on war and spoil, 
 Unsated vengeance and remorseless rage. 
 2 a 2 
 
356 T1BULLUS. 
 
 To purchase spoil, ev'n love itself is sold, 
 Her lover's heart is least Neaera's care, 
 
 And I through war must seek detested gold, 
 Not for myself, but for my venal fair : 
 
 That while she bends beneath the weight of dress, 
 The stiffen'd robe may spoil her easy mien : 
 
 And art mistaken make her beauty less, 
 
 While still it hides some graces better seen. 
 
 But if such toys can win her lovely smile, 
 Hers be the wealth of Tagus' golden sand, 
 
 Hers the bright gems that glow in India's soil, 
 Hers the black sons of Afric's sultry land. 
 
 To please her eye let every loom contend, 
 
 For her be rifled ocean's pearly bed. 
 But where, alas ! would idle fancy tend, 
 
 And soothe with dreams a youthful poet's head ? 
 
 Hammond. 
 
 ELEGY VII. 
 
 Thousands in death would seek an end of woe, 
 But hope, deceitful hope ! prevents the blow ! 
 Hope plants the forest, and she soavs the plain, 
 And feeds with future granaries the swain ; 
 Hope snares the winged vagrants of the sky, 
 Hope cheats in reedy brooks the scaly fry ; 
 By hope the fetter'd slave, the drudge of fate, 
 Sings, shakes his irons, and forgets his state ; 
 Hope promised you, you haughty still deny ; 
 Yield to the goddess, .my fair ! comply. 
 Hope whisper'd me, " Give sorrow to the wind ! 
 The haughty fair one shall at last be kind." 
 Yet, yet you treat me with the same disdain : 
 O let not hope's soft whispers prove in vain ! 
 
 Untimely fate your sister snatch'd away ; 
 Spare me, spare me, by her shade I pray ! 
 So shall my garlands deck her virgin-tomb ; 
 So shall I weep, no hypocrite, her doom ! 
 So may her grave with rising flowers be drest, 
 And the green turf lie lightly on her breast. 
 
TIBULLUS. 357 
 
 Ah me ! will nought avail ? the world I'll fly, 
 And, prostrate at her tomb, a suppliant sigh ! 
 To her attentive ghost, of you complain ; 
 Tell my long sorrowing, tell of your disdain. 
 Oft, when alive, in my behalf she spoke : 
 Your endless coyness must her shade provoke : 
 With ugly dreams she'll haunt your hour of rest, 
 And weep before you, an unwelcome guest ! 
 Ghastly and pale as when besmear'd with blood, 
 Oh fatal fall ! she pass'd the Stygian flood. 
 
 No more, my strains ! your eyes with tears o'erflow, 
 This moving object renovates your woe : 
 You, you are guiltless ! I your maid accuse ; 
 You generous are ! she, she has selfish views. 
 Nay, were you guilty, I '11 no more complain ; 
 One tear from you o'erpays a life of pain ! 
 She, Phryne, promised to promote my vows : 
 She took, but never gave my billet-doux. 
 You're gone abroad, she confidently swears, 
 Oft when your sweet-toned voice salutes mine ears : 
 Or, when you promise to reward my pains, 
 That you're afraid, or indisposed, she feigns: 
 Then madding jealousy inflames my breast; 
 Then fancy represents a rival blest ; 
 I wish thee, Phryne ! then, a thousand woes ; — 
 And if the gods with half my wishes close, 
 Phryne ! a wretch of wretches thou shalt be, 
 And vainly beg of death to set thee free ! Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Many by death their fatal ills would end, 
 Credulous hope does still their reign extend, 
 And promise wonders from the following day ; 
 To-morrow's sun shines always bright and gay. 
 Hope feeds the husbandman, and soothes his toil ; 
 Hope lends the seed-corn to the furrow'd soil, 
 That with a large increase the fertile field 
 May to his thirsty wishes golden harvests yield : 
 This to the snare the heedless birds betrays, 
 This to the hidden hook the finny race. 
 
358 TIBULLUS. 
 
 The galley-slave, bound fast in solid gyves, 
 
 From this a comfort in his woes derives ; 
 
 Who, whilst his legs resound with clinking chains, 
 
 Tugs at the oar and sings amidst his pains. 
 
 Hope si lows me Nemesis all soft and kind, 
 
 But still averse the froward nymph I find. 
 
 Let not the goddess of thy name appear, 
 
 Ah ! cruel maid ! less fierce and less severe, 
 
 Ah ! spare my anguish and thy hate abate, 
 
 I beg this for thy sister's timeless fate. 
 
 Disturb not with thy cruelty her grave, 
 
 But with a speedy smile thy votary save. 
 
 She is my saint, I to her tomb will bear 
 
 My gifts and chaplets wet with many a tear ; 
 
 Yes, to her tomb I'll fly, her suppliant prove, 
 
 And with her silent urn deplore my love : 
 
 She will not leave her client to his pain, 
 
 Nor let his tears for thee be ever vain. 
 
 I charge thee therefore in her name to prove 
 
 More swiftly kind to my complaining love. 
 
 Lest her neglected manes in the night 
 
 Thy conscious slumbers with sad dreams affright ; 
 
 And stand before thee all besmear'd with blood, 
 
 As she fell downward to the Stygian flood. 
 
 But hold — that dismal story I'll forbear, 
 
 Lest I renew my fair one's anxious care ; 
 
 I am not so much worth to call from her one tear, 
 
 Nor is it fit that tears should e'er disguise 
 
 The lustre of those dear loquacious eyes. 
 
 The bawd's my foe, and makes my vows all vain ; 
 
 The tender maid would pity else my pain : 
 
 Phryne the bawd against me bars the door, 
 
 A bawd is still obdurate to the poor. 
 
 Within her secret bosom she conveys 
 
 The amorous billets for the man that pays. 
 
 Oft when the pleasing music of her voice 
 
 Alarms my heart with the approaching joys, 
 
 Though to the door the well-known accents come, 
 
 This cursed bawd will swear she's not at home. 
 
 And often when my soul is all on fire, 
 
 Summon'd by love, and swelling with desire, 
 
TIBULLUS. 359 
 
 E'en in the harbour all my joys are split, 
 
 The eager lover Phryne won't admit ; 
 
 But with dissembled terror in her air, 
 
 Pretends that sudden pangs have seized my fair ; 
 
 Or that some threaten'd danger must that night 
 
 Prorogue the promised moments of delight. 
 
 Oh ! then my wounded soul in cares expires, 
 
 And feels new anguish from my jealous fires : 
 
 My pregnant fancy soon begets alarms, 
 
 And paints some happy lover in her arms ; 
 
 Paints all the tumults of the ravish'd pair, 
 
 And all the several ways he grasps the fair. 
 
 Then fall my curses on thy destin'd head, 
 
 Detested Phryne ! better thou wert dead, 
 
 Than that the gods but one of them should hear ; 
 
 For all the racks that the most guilty fear, 
 
 Would be thy hated lot, thy cursed share. Otwat. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ELEGY I 
 
 POET. 
 
 Thy calends, Mars ! are come, from whence of old 
 The year's beginning our forefathers told : 
 Now various gifts through every house impart 
 The pleasing tokens of the friendly heart. 
 To my Neaera, tuneful virgins ! say, 
 What shall I give, what honour shall I pay ? 
 Dear, e'en if fickle ; dearer, if my friend ! 
 To the loved fair what present shall I send ? 
 
 MUSES. 
 
 Gold wins the venal, verse the lovely maid : 
 In your smooth numbers be her charms display'd, 
 On polish'd ivory let the sheets be roll'd, 
 Your name in signature, the edges gold. 
 
360 TIBULLUS. 
 
 No pumice spare to smooth each parchment scroll, 
 In a gay wrapper then secure the whole. 
 Thus to adorn your poems be your care ; 
 And, thus adorn'd, transmit them to the fair. 
 
 POET. 
 
 Fair maids of Pindus ! I your counsel praise : 
 As you advise me, I'll adorn my lays : 
 But by your streams, and by your shades, I pray, 
 Yourselves the volume to the fair convey. 
 O let it lowly at her feet be laid, 
 Ere the gilt wrapper or the edges fade ; 
 Then let her tell me, if her flames decline, 
 If quite extinguish'd, or if still she's mine. 
 But first your graceful salutations paid, 
 In terms submissive thus address the maid : 
 " Chaste fair ! the bard, who dotes upon your charms, 
 And once could clasp them in his nuptial arms, 
 This volume sends ; and humbly hopes that you 
 With kind indulgence will the present view. 
 You, you ! he prizes more, he vows, than life ; 
 Still a loved sister, or again his wife. 
 But oh ! may Hymen bless his virtuous fire, 
 And once more grant you to his fond desire ! 
 Fix'd in this hope, he'll reach the dreary shore, 
 Where sense shall fail and memory be no more." 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY II. 
 
 Hard was the first who ventured to divide 
 The youthful bridegroom and the tender bride : l 
 
 1 Hard was the first, &c] This sentiment is finely expressed by Ham- 
 mond, El. ix. 
 
 I. 
 
 He who could first two gentle hearts unbind, 
 
 And rob a lover of his weeping fair, 
 Hard was the man ; but harder, in my mind, 
 
 The lover still who died not of despair. 
 
TIBULLUS. 361 
 
 More hard the bridegroom who can bear the day 
 When force has torn his tender bride away. 
 Here too my patience, here my manhood fails ; 
 The brave grow dastards, when fierce grief assails ; 
 Die, die I must ! the truth I freely own ; 
 My life too burthensome a load is grown. 
 Then, when I flit a thin an empty shade, 
 When on the mournful pile my corse is laid, 
 With melting grief, with tresses loose and torn, 
 Wilt thou, Neaera ! for thy husband mourn ? 
 A parent's anguish will thy mother show, 
 For the lost youth, who lived, who died for you ? 
 
 But see the flames o'er all my body stray ! 
 And now my shade ye call, and now ye pray. 
 In black array'd ; the flame forgets to soar ; 
 And now pure water on your hands ye pour ; 
 My loved remains next, gather'd in a heap, 
 With wine ye sprinkle, and in milk ye steep. 
 The moisture dried, within the urn ye lay 
 My bones, and to the monument convey. 
 Panchaian odours thither ye will bring, 
 And all the produce of an Eastern spring : 
 But what than Eastern springs I hold more dear, 
 Oh wet my ashes with a genuine tear ! 
 
 II. 
 
 With mean disguise let others nature hide, 
 And mimic virtue with the paint of art ; 
 
 I scorn the cheat of reason's foolish pride, 
 And boast the graceful ■weakness of my heart. 
 
 Sad is my day, and sad my lingering night, 
 When, wrapt in silent grief, I weep alone ; 
 
 Delia is lost ! and all my past delight 
 Is now the source of unavailing moan. 
 
 What follows is an improvement on Tibullus : 
 
 Where is the wit, that heighten'd beauty's charms ? 
 Where is the face, that fed my longing eyes ? 
 * Where is the shape, that might have blest my arms 
 Where all those hopes, relentless Fate denies ? 
 
362 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Thus, by you both lamented, let me die, 
 Be thus perform'd my mournful obsequy ! 
 Then shall these lines, by some throng'd way, relate 
 The dear occasion of my dismal fate : 
 " Here lies poor Lygdamus ; a lovely wife, 
 Torn from his arms, cut short his thread of life." 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 An iron soul had he who first could part 
 
 The tender lover from the tender fair ; 
 But sure that youth had still a harder heart, 
 
 Who bore the loss, and died not of despair. 
 
 Not for endurance is my nature known ; 
 
 Grief breaks the heart, the brave are vanquish'd too : 
 I blush to speak my shame, I blush to own, 
 
 Life, worn with sufferings, palls upon my view. 
 
 Then, when I change to flitting shade and air, 
 And dusky ashes my white bones bespread, 
 
 Before my pile, with long dishevell'd hair, 
 Bathed in her tears, let chaste Neaera tread. 
 
 But let her with her sorrowing mother come, 
 And one a son, and one a husband weep ; 
 
 Call my departed soul, and bless my tomb, 
 And their pure hands in living waters steep. 
 
 Ungirded then collect whate'er was mine, 
 My ivory bones in sable vestment swathe ; 
 
 First sprinkle with the mellow juice of wine, 
 Anon with snowy milk the relics bathe. 
 
 Absorb the moisture soft with linen veils, 
 And dry, repose them in a marble tomb ; 
 
 With gums, whose incense dew'd Panchaia's gales, 
 Arabia's balm, and Syria's rich perfume. 
 
 With odours let remembrance mingle tears ; 
 
 So, turn'cl to dust, would I in peace be laid ; 
 While the sad cause of death inscribed appears, % 
 
 Thus, in graved characters of verse, display'd : 
 
TIBULLUS. 363 
 
 " The tomb of Lygdamus you here survey ; 
 
 With love and anguish worn he pining sigh'd ; 
 He saw his spouse Neoera torn away, 
 
 And, yielding to the sorrow, sank and died." Elton. 
 
 ELEGY III. 
 
 Why did I supplicate the powers divine ? 
 
 Why votive incense burn at every shrine ? 
 
 Not that I marble palaces might own, 
 
 To draw spectators, and to make me known ; 
 
 Not that my teams might plough new-purchas'd plains, 
 
 And bounteous autumn glad my countless swains : 
 
 I begg'd with you my youthful days to share, 
 
 1 begg'd in age to clasp the lovely fair ; 
 
 And when my stated race of life was o'er, 
 
 I begg'd to pass alone the Stygian shore. 
 
 Can treasured gold the tortured breast compose ? 
 Or plains, wide cultured, soothe the lover's woes ? 
 Can marble-pillar'd domes, the pride of art, 
 Secure from sorrow the possessor's heart ? 
 Not circling woods, resembling sacred groves, 
 Not Parian pavements, nor gay-gilt alcoves, 
 Not all the gems that load an Eastern shore, 
 Not whate'er else the greedy great adore, 
 Possess'd, can shield the owner's breast from woe, 
 Since fickle fortune governs all below : 
 Such toys, in little minds, may envy raise ; 
 Still little minds improper objects praise. 
 Poor let me be, for poverty can please 
 With you ; without you, crowns could give no ease. 
 
 Shine forth, bright morn ! and every bliss impart, 
 Restore Neasra to my doting heart ! 
 For if her glad return the gods deny, 
 If I solicit still in vain the sky, 
 Nor power, nor all the wealth this globe contains, 
 Can ever mitigate my heart-felt pains ; 
 Let others these enjoy ; be peace my lot, 
 Be mine Neaera, mine a humble cot ! 
 
364 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Saturnia, grant tliy suppliant's timid prayer ! 
 And aid me, Venus ! from thy pearly chair ! 
 
 Yet, if the Sisters, who o'er fate preside, 
 My vows contemning, still detain my bride, 
 Cease, breast, to heave ! cease, anxious blood, to flow ! 
 Come, death ! transport me to thy realms below. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Why should my vows, Nesera ! fill the sky, 
 
 And the sweet incense blend with many a prayer ? 
 
 Not forth to issue on the gazing eye 
 From marble vestibule of mansion fair. 
 
 Not that unnumber'd steers may turn my field, 
 And the kind earth its copious harvests lend : 
 
 But that with thee the joys of life may yield 
 Their full satiety, till life has end. 
 
 And, when my days have measured out their light, 
 And, naked, I must Lethe's bark survey ; 
 
 I on thy breast may close my fading sight, 
 And feel my dying age fall soft away. 
 
 For what avails the pile of massive gold ? 
 
 What the rich glebe by thousand oxen plough'd ? 
 Roofs, that the Phrygian pillars vast uphold, 
 
 Tasnarian shafts, Carystian columns proud ? 
 
 Mansions, whose groves might seem some temple's wood ; 
 
 The gilded cornice, or the marble floor ? 
 Pearls glean'd from sands of Persia's ruddy flood, 
 
 Sidon's red fleece, and all the crowd adore ? 
 
 For envy clings to these : the crowd still gaze, 
 
 Charm'd with false shows, and love with little skill : 
 
 Not wealth the cares of human souls allays, 
 Since fortune shifts their happiness at will. 
 
 With thee, sweet Neasra ! want were bliss ; 
 
 Without thee I the gifts of kings disdain : 
 Oh clear the light ! blest day, that brings me this ; 
 
 Thrice blest, that yields thee to my arms again ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 365 
 
 If to my vows for this thy sweet return, 
 Love's god, kind, listen, nor avert his ear ; 
 
 Then Lydia's river, rolling gold, I '11 spurn : 
 
 Kingdoms and wealth of worlds shall poor appear. 
 
 Seek these who may : a frugal fare be mine : 
 With my dear consort let me safely dwell : 
 
 Come, Juno ! to my timid prayers incline ! 
 Come, Venus ! wafted on thy scallop'd shell ! 
 
 But, if the Sister Fates refuse my boon, 
 
 Who draw the future day with swift-spun thread, 
 
 Hell to its gulfy rivers call me soon, 
 
 To sluggish lurid lakes, where haunt the dead. Elton. 
 
 -c 
 
 ELEGY IV. 
 
 Last night's ill-boding dreams, ye gods, avert ! 
 Nor plague, with portents, a poor lover's heart ! 
 But why ? From prejudice our terrors rise ; 
 Vain visions have no commerce with the skies : 
 Th' event of things the gods alone foresee, 
 And Tuscan priests foretell what they decree. 
 Dreams flit at midnight round the lover's head, 
 And timorous man alarm with idle dread : 
 And hence oblations to divert the woe, 
 Weak, superstitious minds on heaven bestow. 
 But since whate'er the gods foretell is true, 
 And man's oft warn'd, mysterious dreams ! by you 
 Dread Juno ! make my nightly visions vain, 
 Vain make my boding fears, and calm my pain ! 
 The blessed gods, you know, I ne'er reviled, 
 And nought iniquous e'er my heart defiled. 
 
 Xow night had laved her coursers in the main, 
 And left to dewy dawn a doubtful reign ; 
 Bland sleep, that from the couch of sorrow flies, 
 (The wretch's solace,) had not closed my eyes ; 
 At last, when morn unbarr'd the gates of light, 
 A downy slumber shut my labouring sight : 
 A youth appear'd, with virgin laurel crown'd, 
 He moved majestic, and I heard the sound. 
 
366 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Such charms, such manly charms, were never seen, 
 
 As fired his eyes, and harmonized his mien ; 
 
 His hair, in ringlets of an auburn hue, 
 
 Shed Syrian sweets, and o'er his shoulders flew ; 
 
 As white as thine, fair Luna ! was his skin, 
 
 So vein'd with azure, and as smoothly thin ; 
 
 So soft a blush vermilion'd o'er his face, 
 
 As when a maid first melts in man's embrace ; 
 
 Or when the fair with curious art unite 
 
 The purple amaranth and lily white. 
 
 A bloom like his, when tinged by autumn's pride, 
 
 Reddens the apple on the sunny side ; 
 
 A Tyrian tunic to his ancles flow'd, [show'd. 
 
 Which through its sirfled plaits his godlike beauties 
 
 A lyre, the present mulciber, bestow'd, 
 
 On his left arm with easy grandeur glow'd ; 
 
 The peerless work of virgin gold was made 
 
 With ivory, gems, and tortoise interlaid ; 
 
 O'er all the vocal strings his fingers stray, 
 
 The vocal strings his fingers glad obey, 
 
 And, harmonized, a sprightly prelude play : 
 
 But when he join'd the music of his tongue, 
 
 These soft, sad elegiac lays he sung : 
 
 " All hail, thou care of heaven ! (a virtuous bard, 
 The god of wine, the Muses, I regard ; ) 
 But neither Bacchus nor the Thespian Nine, 
 The sacred will of destiny divine : 
 The secret book of destiny to see, 
 Heaven's awful sire has given alone to me ; 
 And I, unerring god, to you explain 
 (Attend and credit) what the Fates ordain. 
 
 " She who is still your ever-constant care, 
 Dearer to you than sons to mothers are, 
 Whose beauties bloom in every soften'd line, 
 Her sex's envy, and the love of thine : 
 Not with more warmth is female fondness moved, 
 Not with more warmth are tenderest brides beloved. 
 For whom you hourly importune the sky, 
 For whom you wish to live, nor fear to die, 
 
TIBULLUS. 367 
 
 Whose form, when night has wrapt in black the pole, 
 Cheats in soft vision your enamour'd soul ; 
 Neajra ! whose bright charms your verse displays, 
 Seeks a new lover, and inconstant strays ! 
 For thee no more with mutual warmth she burns, 
 But thy chaste house and chaste embrace she spurns. 
 
 " Oh cruel, perjured, false, intriguing sex ! 
 Oh born with woes poor wretched man to vex ! 
 Whoe'er has learn'd her lover to betray, 
 Her beauty perish, and her name decay ! 
 
 " Yet, as the sex will change, avoid despair ; 
 A patient homage may subdue the fair. 
 Fierce Love taught man to suffer, laugh at pain ; 
 Fierce Love taught man, with joy, to drag the chain ; 
 Fierce Love, nor vainly fabulous the tale, 
 Forced me, yes, forced me, to the lonely dale : 
 There I Admetus' snowy heifers drove, 
 Nor tuned my lyre, nor sung, absorb'd in love. 
 Thf favourite son of heaven's almighty sire, 
 Preferr'd a straw-pipe to his golden lyre. 
 
 " Though false the fair, though Love is wild, obey, 
 Or, youth, you know not Love's tyrannic sway. 
 In plaintive strains address the haughty fair ; 
 The haughty soften at the voice of prayer. 
 If ever true my Delphian answers prove, 
 Bear this my message to the maid you love. 
 
 " Pride of your sex, and passion of the age ! 
 No more let other men your love engage ; 
 A bard on you the Delian god bestows, 
 This match alone can warrant your repose." 
 
 He sung. When Morpheus from my pillow flew, 
 And plunged me in substantial griefs anew. 
 
 Ah ! who could think that thou hadst broke thy vows, 
 That thou, Neaera ! sought'st another spouse ? 
 Such horrid crimes as all mankind detest, 
 Could they, how could they, harbour in thy breast ? 
 
368 TIBULLUS. 
 
 The ruthless deep, I know, was not thy sire ; 
 Nor fierce Chimasra, belching floods of fire ; 
 Nor didst thou from the triple monster spring, 
 Round whom a coil of kindred serpents cling ; 
 Thou art not of the Libyan lion's seed, 
 Of barking Scylla's, nor Chary bdis' breed ; 
 Nor Afric's sands, nor Scythia gave thee birth ; 
 But a compassionate, benignant earth. 
 No ! thou, my fair ! deriv'st thy noble race 
 From parents deck'd with every human grace. 
 
 Ye gods ! avert the woes that haunt my mind, 
 And give the cruel phantoms to the wind. Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Now heaven forefend ! — nor bring those dreams to light 
 
 That haunted the pale close of yesternight ! 
 
 Away ! far hence, ye false, vain shadows, fly ! 
 
 Hope not to win my fond credulity : 
 
 From gods alone unerring warnings come, 
 
 When seers in entrails read the future doom. 
 
 Dreams, like the cheating shades of night, we find, 
 
 Play with false fears upon the timid mind. 
 
 Such midnight omens superstition sees, 
 
 Which crackling salt and holy meal appease. 
 
 But whether truth to others shadow'd seem 
 
 In the seer's warning, or the lying dream ; 
 
 At least may Luna chase these fears in air, 
 
 Which my poor heart has ill deserved to bear : 
 
 If pure my conscience from crime's deepening dye, 
 
 Nor e'er my tongue blasphemed the powers on high.. 
 
 Night now had measured heaven's caerulean steep 
 With sable steeds ; her laved wheels touch'd the deep : 
 But sleep, that soothes the wretched, soothed not me ; 
 Still from an anxious chamber prompt to flee : 
 Till, when the sun peep'd faint from eastern skies, 
 Late slumber settled on my languid eyes. 
 When lo ! a youth was seen my floor to tread, 
 Chaste laurels nodding round his wreathed head. 
 
TIBULLUS. 369 
 
 No form so fair adorn'd the age of gold : 
 No form so fair could spring from human mould : 
 Loose o'er his tapering neck the ringlets flew, 
 That breathing myrtle dropp'd with Tyrian dew : 
 White as the moon did his complexion show, 
 And tinting crimson flush'd his skin of snow. 
 As virgin cheeks with tender blushes dyed, 
 When to the youth consents the yielded bride : 
 As girls with purple am'ranths lilies thread ; 
 As apples pale catch autumn's streaky red. 
 A sweeping robe around his ankles trail'd ; 
 His dazzling limbs the gorgeous vesture veil'd : 
 On his left side a harp suspended hung, 
 Of precious shell, with gold resplendent strung : 
 Soft, at his first approach, the chord he smote 
 With ivory quill, with sweet-breathed vocal note : 
 His fingers and his voice preluded clear, 
 Then sweet, but sad, his accents thrill'd my ear. 
 " Hail, care of heaven ! the bard of spotless love 
 Apollo, Bacchus, and the Nine approve : 
 But ah ! not Bacchus, not the Nine, have power 
 To read the shadows of the future hour : 
 To me the father gave the laws of doom, 
 The mystic volume of events to come. 
 What I, unerring prophet, tell, receive : 
 The god's true lips shall speak ; do thou believe. 
 She whom thou dear hast held, and loved to prize, 
 Dear as a daughter in her mother's eyes ; 
 Dear as the virgin when, with blushing charms, 
 She sinks within her panting bridegroom's arms ; 
 For whom thy voice has wearied heaven with prayer ; 
 For whom thy feverish days are cross'd with care ; 
 And who, when sleep its umber'd mantle throws, 
 With nightly phantoms haunts thy vain repose : 
 She — fair Neasra — in thy verse divine, 
 Inconstant sighs for other arms than thine ; 
 Far other wishes heave her sinful breast, 
 Nor in her chaste home is Nea?ra blest. 
 Ah, cruel sex ! ah woman ! faithless name ! 
 Be every man-deceiver's portion, shame ! 
 2 B 
 
370 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Yet may she bend ; for mutable the race : 
 
 Do thou, still patient, stretch thy true embrace. 
 
 Fell Love has taught the hardest toils to dare ; 
 
 Fell Love has taught e'en cruel stripes to bear : 
 
 I once Admetus' snowy heifers fed ; 
 
 Not vain the tale in sportful fictions read : 
 
 No more my hand the harp sonorous play'd ; 
 
 No more my voice responsive cadence made ; 
 
 But on a flimsy oat I whisper'd love : 
 
 E'en I, Latona's son, the son of Jove. 
 
 Ah ! youth ! thou know'st not love ! unless thou bear 
 
 A thorny pillow, an unfeeling fair. 
 
 Yet doubt not, nor despair ; but soft complain : 
 
 Hard hearts at soft complaint have turn'd again. 
 
 If true my temple's oracles, now go : 
 
 This in my name let false Neaera know : 
 
 1 Phoebus himself insures this marriage tie : 
 
 Here blest, no longer for another sigh.'" 
 
 He said : the idle slumber took its flight : 
 Ah ! from such ills I turn my loathing sight : 
 I dare not think thy vows are vow'd from me ; 
 That sins can harbour'd in thy bosom be : 
 For not from ocean's depths thy being came, 
 Nor fierce Chimaera breathed thee forth in flame : 
 Not hell's grim dog with viperous brood o'erhung, 
 Monster of triple head and triple tongue ; 
 Not Scylla, twi-form'd maid, thy nature gave, 
 Around whose waist the dogs engendering rave ; 
 No lioness produced thee in the wild, 
 Nor Syrt, nor Scythia, rear'd thee as its child. 
 But thine a polish'd and humane abode, 
 Where never cruelty its features show'd : 
 In thy mild mother all her sex we view, 
 Thine, amiablest of men, a father too. 
 Now, pray the gods ! these dreams befall me fair S 
 Light may they vanish on the tepid air ! Elton. 
 
 ELEGY V. 
 
 While you at Tuscan baths for pleasure stay, 
 (Too hot when Sirius darts his sultry ray, 
 
TIBULLUS. 371 
 
 Though now that purple spring adorns the trees, 
 
 Not Baia's more medicinal than these,) 
 
 Me harder fates attend, my youth decays ; 
 
 Yet spare, Persephone ! my blameless days : 
 
 With secret wickedness unstung my soul ; 
 
 I never mix'd, nor gave the baneful bowl ; 
 
 I ne'er the holy mysteries proclaim'd ; 
 
 I fired no temple, and no god defamed ; 
 
 Age has not snow'd my jetty locks with white, 
 
 Nor bent my body, nor decay'd my sight. 
 
 (When both the consuls fell, ah fatal morn ! 
 
 Fatal to Roman freedom ! I was born.) 
 
 Apples unripe, what folly 'tis to pull, 
 
 Or crush the cluster ere the grapes are full ! 
 
 Ye gloomy gods ! whom Acheron obeys, 
 Dispel my sickness, and prolong my days ! 
 Ere to the shades my dreary steps I take, 
 Or ferry o'er th' irremeable lake, 
 Let me (with age when wrinkled all my face) 
 Tell ancient stories to my listening race. 
 
 Thrice five long days and nights consumed with fire, 
 (O soothe its rage !) I gradually expire ; 
 While you the Naiad of your fountain praise, 
 Or lave, or spend in gentle sport your days : 
 Yet, O my friends ! whate'er the Fates decree, 
 Joy guide your steps, and still remember me ! 
 
 Meantime, to deprecate the fierce disease, 
 And hasten glad returns of vigorous ease, 
 Milk, mix'd with wine, O promise to bestow, 
 And sable victims, on the gods below. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 ELEGY YI. 
 LOVER. 1 
 
 Come, Bacchus, come ! so may the mystic vine 
 And verdant ivy round thy temples twine ! 
 My pains, the anguish I endure, remove ; 
 Oft hast thou vanquish'd the fierce pangs of love. 
 
 1 Grainger has taken needless liberties with this Elegy, and apologizes for 
 them as follows : " This poem, which is one continued struggle between 
 
 2 b 2 
 
372 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Haste, boy, with old Falernian crown the bowl, 
 In the gay cordial let me drench my soul. 
 Hence, gloomy care ! I give you to the wind ; 
 The god of fancy frolics in my mind ! 
 My dear companions ! favour my design, 
 Let's drown our senses all in rosy wine ! 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 Those may the fair with practised guile abuse, 
 Who, sourly wise, the gay dispute refuse : 
 The jolly god can cheerfulness impart, 
 Enlarge the soul, and pour out all the heart. 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 But Love the monsters of the wood can tame, 
 The wildest tigers own the powerful flame : 
 He bends the stubborn to his awful sway, 
 And melts insensibility away : 
 So wide the reign of Love ! 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 Wine, wine, dear boy ! 
 Can any here in empty goblets joy ? 
 No, no ! the god can never disapprove, 
 That those who praise him should a bumper love. 
 What terrors arm his brow ? the goblet drain : 
 To be too sober is to be profane ! 
 Her son, who mock'd his rites, Agave tore, 
 And furious scatter'd round the yelling shore ! 
 Such fears be far from us, dread god of wine ! 
 Thy rites we honour, we are wholly thine ! 
 But let the sober wretch thy vengeanccprove : 
 
 the powers of Love and Wine, but in which the latter triumphs over the for- 
 mer, the translator has thrown into a dialogue between the Lover and one 
 of his boon Companions. This gives it a more spirited air, but does not 
 entirely remove all its obscurities ; and hence the translator has been led 
 to believe that it is imperfect ; unless, with some judicious critics, it is 
 supposed that, as the author was agitated with a diversity of passions at 
 the time of his composing it, so the hyperbaton and disorderly connexion 
 was the result of judicious choice, and not the fault of imperfection. 
 
TIBELLUS. 373 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 Or her, whom all ray sufferings cannot move ! 
 — What pray'd I rashly for ? my madding prayer, 
 Ye winds ! disperse, unratified, in air : 
 For though, my love ! I'm blotted from your soul, 
 Serenely rise your days, serenely roll ! 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 The love-sick struggle past, again b£ gay : 
 Come, crown'd with roses, let 's drink down the day ! 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 Ah me ! loud-laughing mirth how hard to feign ! 
 When doom'd a victim to Love's dreadful pain : 
 How forced the drunken catch, the smiling jest, 
 When black solicitude annoys the breast ! 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 Complaints, away ! the blithesome god of wine 
 Abhors to hear his genuine votaries whine. 
 * * * * t * 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 You, Ariadne ! on a coast unknown, 
 The perjur'd Theseus wept, and wept alone ; 
 But learn'd Catullus in immortal strains 
 Has sung his baseness, and has wept your pains. 
 
 ***** 
 ***** 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 Thrice happy they who hear experience call, 
 And shun the precipice where others fall. 
 When the fair clasps you to her breast, beware, 
 Nor trust her by her eyes although she swear ; 
 Not though, to drive suspicion from your breast, 
 Or love's soft queen, or Juno she attest : 
 No truth the women know ; their looks are lies. 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 Yet Jove connives at amorous perjuries. 
 Hence, serious thoughts ! then why do I complain ? 
 The fair are licensed bv the gods to feign. 
 
374 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Yet would the guardian powers of gentle love, 
 
 This once indulgent to my wishes prove, 
 
 Each day we then should laugh, and talk, and toy, 
 
 And pass each night in hymeneal joy. 
 
 O let my passion fix thy faithless heart ! 
 
 For still I love thee, faithless as thou art ! 
 
 Bacchus the Naiad loves ; then haste, my boy ! 
 
 My wine to temper cooler streams employ. 
 
 "Wvhat though the smiling board Nesera flies, 
 
 And in a rival's arms perfidious lies, 
 
 The live-long night, all sleepless, must I whine ? 
 
 Not I— 
 
 COMPANION. 
 
 Quick, servants ! bring us stronger wine. 
 
 LOVER. 
 
 Now Syrian odours scent the festal room, 
 Let rosy garlands on our foreheads bloom. Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Ah me ! how hard, the mask of joy to wear 
 
 And feign the jest, with thoughts of brooding care ! 
 
 IU suits the smile with looks that joy belie, 
 
 Or wine's gay wit with mental misery. 
 
 Fond wretch ! what boots complaint ? vile cares, away ! 
 
 Know, father Bacchus hates the mournful lay. 
 
 So thou, O Cretan maid ! didst once deplore 
 
 A perjured tongue, left lonely on the shore, 
 
 As skill'd Catullus tells, who paints in song 
 
 The ingrate Theseus, Ariadne's wrong. 
 
 Take warning, youths ! oh blest ! whoe'er shall know 
 
 The art to profit by another's woe ! 
 
 Let not the hanging nymph's embrace deceive, 
 
 Nor protestations of base tongues believe : 
 
 Not though the traitress by her eyes may swear ; 
 
 Her Juno, Venus ; for no faith is there. 
 
 Jove laughs at lovers' perjuries ; the gales 
 
 Of heaven disperse these light protesting tales. 
 
 Why, then, so oft the treacherous nymph arraign ? 
 
 Begone sad words ! begone the pensive strain ! 
 
 
TIBULLUS. 375 
 
 How would I rest whole nights within thy bower ! 
 And share whole days thy every waking hour ! 
 Faithless ! with undeserved disdain severe ! 
 Faithless ! yet faithless as thou art, most dear ! 
 Bacchus the Naiad loves : quick — loitering slave ! 
 Temper the mellow wine with Martian wave : 
 No — if the giddy nymph my board has fled, 
 And fickle sought some unknown lover's bed ; 
 I will not through the night in sighings pine : 
 Boy ! mix it pure : come — dash it strong with wine : 
 Nay — long ago the Syrian nard should breathe 
 Round my moist brow, and flowers my hair inwreath. 
 
 Elton. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 POEM I. 
 A PANEGYRIC TO MESSALA. 
 
 Messala, thee I sing, although thy name, 
 
 Thy well-known merit, and thy spreading fame 
 
 Startle me, lest I feebly should repeat 
 
 A verse inferior to desert so great ; 
 
 But though unequal to the theme I raise, 
 
 Yet I'll attempt at least to sing thy praise : 
 
 I, the designer of an humble verse, 
 
 Since none with justice can thy praise rehearse, 
 
 Unless he had thy language to express, 
 
 And clothe thy mighty deeds with manly dress ; 
 
 A task superior to my trifling skill, 
 
 Yet take (if the performance fails) the will ; 
 
 Let that suffice, nor thou the gift refuse, 
 
 The humble tribute of an humble Muse. 
 
 Thus Phoebus kind received with smiling cheer 
 The little gift the Cretan could prefer. 
 Thus Icarus, by his celestial guest, 
 Bacchus, was far preferr'd before the rest, 
 As those bright signals in the heavens declare, 
 Fair Virgo, and the scorching Syrian star : 
 
376 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Alcides, destined for unbounded power, 
 
 Oft visited the poor Molorchus' bower. 
 
 The gods above do not mean off'rings scorn, 
 
 Nor always claim the ox with gilded horn ; 
 
 So may this humble verse, so small it be, 
 
 Come an accepted off'ring due to thee ; 
 
 That I encouraged may, in time, repeat 
 
 A verse more worthy, and thy praise more great. 
 
 Others, inspired with a sublimer flame, 
 May sing the vast creation's wondrous frame ; 
 And how the earth is press'd with air around, 
 And how the circling sea confines the ground ; 
 And how the fluid body of the air 
 Is moved with constant motion here and there ; 
 And lightly wafting upwards does aspire 
 To join the high and pure ethereal fire ; 
 And lastly, how different those bodies lie 
 Enclosed with the vast concave of the sky. 
 
 But if my verse can well express thy praise, 
 Or (what's a desperate thought) can higher raise; 
 Or if it cannot to thy name be just, 
 But sinks below thy worth, as sure it must ; 
 Whatever thoughts are spread in every line, 
 Whate'er I sing, the votive verse be thine. 
 
 You, though your race illustriously are known, 
 Unsatisfied with honours handed down ; 
 Still follow glory with a steady pace. 
 And emulate the greatness of your race ; 
 Thus all those merits which your fathers knew, 
 Your sons may see again revived in you. 
 
 Nor shall an empty title hold thy fame, 
 But endless volumes shall record your name : 
 Crowds shall contend to have thy worth declared, 
 The orator, historian, and the bard : 
 But may the task at length on me be laid, 
 That so my name may with thy deeds be read. 
 
 For who can greater cause for praises yield 
 Than you ? Or in the forum or the field, 
 
TIBULLUS. 377 
 
 With equal worth you claim a just renown, 
 Braced in the helmet, or the peaceful gown. 
 The spreading laurels lie in equal scales, 
 And neither pendent hemisphere prevails. 
 
 You, if the giddy vulgar rise to rage, 
 Appease their fury and their heat assuage. 
 Nor Pylus, nor could Ithaca contain 
 So great a worthy in their boasted train : 
 Nor Nestor, noted for his vast renown, 
 Nor great Ulysses of a little town ; 
 Though one had seen three hundred suns go round 
 Their annual courses, and revive the ground ; 
 The other all the cities did explore, 
 Where'er the farthest sea includes the shore. 
 
 He overcame the Thracians, fierce in arms, 
 Nor was subdued by Lotophagian charms. 
 He check'd the one-eyed monster's fell design, 
 Making him drunk with Maronean wine. 
 iEolian gales he carried o'er the sea, 
 And to the Lestrygonians took his way, 
 Rough race ! o'er whom Antiphates was king, 
 Where cool Artacia spreads her limpid spring. 
 Circe's bewitching arts by him were known ; 
 Circe ! the powerful daughter of the Sun, 
 Who by her skill in magic simples knew 
 To change old Nature's forms to bodies new : 
 Then to Cimmerian caves he took his way, 
 Wherever Phoebus roused the lightsome day, 
 Whether above the earth, or underneath the sea. 
 He view'd the dark Plutonian coasts below, 
 There saw the demi-gods and heroes go, 
 Mingled among the spectres to and fro. 
 Secure his easy vessel sail'd along, 
 Unstopp'd by the alluring Syren's song : 
 Him steering 'twixt the jaws of death his course, 
 Nor Scylla could affright with rapid source ; 
 Though dreadful and tremendously she raves, 
 Girt round with barking dogs beneath the waves : 
 Nor could Charybdis, with tempestuous sea, 
 Destroy his vessel in her usual way : 
 
378 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Nor when to heaven uprose the waves profound, 
 Nor when dividing they disclosed the ground : 
 Nor shall I pass great Jove's severe award, 
 Declared for Phoebus' violated herd : 
 Nor how at length he fair Calypso found, 
 Her generous love and hospitable ground : 
 Nor how Phceacia was the happy isle 
 That closed his journey and relieved his toil. 
 
 Now whether these were in the world we know, 
 Or fables feign them in some world below ; 
 Let him his labour boast and hardy deed, 
 While you in moving eloquence exceed. 
 
 In you the ready skill of war is found, 
 How to intrench the camp and raise the ground ; 
 And how against the adverse host oppose, 
 Defensive palisadoes placed in rows, 
 And where to lead the ditch and ground enclose ; 
 And ere you pitch the camp, to choose that ground 
 Which does with pure refreshing springs abound. 
 Swift through your troops communications go, 
 Which are cut off before they reach the foe. 
 You various sports and active games devise, 
 To keep the troops in manly exercise. 
 
 What chief like you can toss the pond'rous spear ? 
 Or send the flying arrow through the air ? 
 Or throw the jav'lin with an arm so strong, 
 To cut the air and drive the clouds along ? 
 Or who direct the fiery courser's will, 
 Or moderate the rein with greater skill ? 
 Or ride th' extended race with swifter force, 
 Or wheel the circling ring and round repeated course ? 
 Or who more ready heaves the shield in fight, 
 To guard the left side, or secure the right ? 
 To ward with sure defence, or here, or there, 
 And take the fury of th' invading spear ? 
 
 In time, when raging Mars with fury glows, 
 When ensigns ensigns face, and spears do spears oppose, 
 Then you in meet array the squadrons place, 
 And fix the battle with a threat'ning face, 
 
TIBULLUS. 379 
 
 Whether you join them in a solid square, 
 That equal sides compact the foes may dare ; 
 Or into other forms the battle fling, 
 And lead the soldiers to a spreading wing ; 
 That either may a mutual aid dispense, 
 And guard each other with a joint defence. 
 
 But let me not uncertain trophies raise, 
 For wars I sing, and wars confirm thy praise : 
 Witness the Illyrians taught the Roman sway, 
 The base Pannonian rebels to obey : 
 And Arupinum taken, which did yield 
 One born to arms, and constant in the field :. 
 Poor and unknown, him whosoe'er had seen, 
 Unbroke with age, and e'en in winter green, 
 With less surprise would hear the story told 
 Of rev'rend Nestor's fame, three cent'ries old : 
 For though since first he had received his birth, 
 A hundred annual suns had warm'd the earth ; 
 He springing in the saddle press'd the horse, 
 And fix'd, he sat him in the swiftest course : 
 An able vet'ran for the dusty plains, 
 And a just moderator of the reins. 
 Subdued by thee, when all their power was vain, 
 They bent their necks beneath the Roman chain. 
 
 But these shall not suffice to speak thy praise, 
 Actions to come shall greater honours raise ; 
 For I have more surprising things in view, 
 From omens sure as e'er Melampus knew. 
 For on that day when you, sublimely great, 
 Was clothed in purple and enrobed in state, 
 The sun above the ocean raised his head, 
 And o'er the earth uncommon lustre spread : 
 The seas with swelling billows rise no more, 
 But roll'd their silent waters to the shore ; 
 The struggling winds their noisy discord cease, 
 And every whisp'ring gale lay hush'd in peace. 
 No bird did through the air his journey steer, 
 Or shook his whistling pinions in the air : 
 No savage beasts were grazing in the shade ; 
 But all stood silent at the vows you made. 
 
380 TIBTJLLUS. 
 
 Jove, in his chariot wafted through the air, 
 Left his Olympus to receive thy prayer ; 
 And seem'd intent to bend a list'ning ear. 
 Th' assenting power to every word you said 
 Gave the majestic nod, and waved his head: 
 Sudden the shining altars seem'd more bright, 
 And shooting flames diffused a greater light. 
 
 The gods approve ! begin the mighty deed, 
 For thee uncommon triumphs are decreed. 
 Not neighbouring Gallia shall confine thy course, 
 Nor vast Hispania with its savage force ; 
 Nor wealthy confines which the Tyrians sow, 
 Nor where the Nile and great Choaspes flow ; 
 Nor where swift Gyndes does the land divide, 
 The lasting proof Of Cyrus' foolish pride ; 
 Nor where the waters through their sulph'rous veins 
 Diffuse the heat to Arectasan plains ; 
 Nor that vast land where Thomyris bore sway, 
 And swift Araxes rolls his rapid way ; 
 Nor vile Padoeans at the farthest east, 
 Who load their tables with a hateful feast ; 
 Nor where the Hebrus spreads his golden sand, 
 Nor where the Tanais laves the Scythian land. 
 
 But why should I insist on these alone, 
 When thy vast conquest the whole world shall own : 
 For thee remains the distant British shore, 
 Unbent by Roman power, a conquest yet in store ; 
 For thee remains the farthest torrid zone, 
 Regions remote, and countries yet unknown. 
 
 For air does this terraqueous globe surround, 
 And five divisions in the orb are found ; 
 Two parts whereof in chilly regions lie, 
 Perpetual frosts, and an inclement sky. 
 The earth is there with darkness wrapp'd around, 
 And sullen night sits brooding o'er the ground : 
 No living waters there the earth divide, 
 Nor cheerful streams in pleasant wand'rings glide ; 
 But everlasting ice the floods constrains, 
 And drifts of snow o'erspread the dreary plains ; 
 
TIBTJLLUS. 381 
 
 There never did the sun diffuse a ray, 
 Or give the cheerful promise of a day. 
 
 The middle regions feel the scorching sun. 
 Whether he nearer brings our summer on ; 
 Or when he does a swifter course display, 
 And wheels in circles short the wintry day : 
 Therefore the plough is never there in use, 
 No corn the fields, nor herbs the lands produce ; 
 No god indulgent makes the fields his care, 
 Bacchus and Ceres never visit there. 
 No cattle there can graze the smoking ground ; 
 There nothing that possesses life is found. 
 
 Between this freezing cold and scorching heat 
 Our temperate zone is placed, a happy seat : 
 To this opposed, a fellow climate lies, 
 The same meridian holds, and temperate skies. 
 Here first the stubborn steer to toil was broke, 
 And oxen bent their neck beneath the yoke. 
 Here vines were taught their flexile shoots to ease, 
 And hang their clusters on the neighbouring trees, 
 And annual harvest gave a large increase. 
 Here first the earth received the vexing plough, 
 And first the sea was raised with brazen prow : 
 Then by degrees at distance cities rise, 
 And swelling walls and towers divide the skies. 
 
 Therefore where'er by fame thy acts are hurl'd, 
 They shall be known by all in either world. 
 For me, I cannot so much praise rehearse, 
 Though Phoebus should himself inspire my verse. 
 But Valgius, he can swell a warrior's name ; 
 Valgius, next Homer in eternal fame. 
 The works will not my leisure hours decay, 
 Though Fortune vexes me, as is her way. 
 
 For I could once command a stately seat, 
 Splendidly wealthy, and sublimely great : 
 And yellow harvests waving o'er the plain, 
 Seem'd to o'ercrowd my fields with golden grain. 
 When my unnumber'd flock of flocks were fled, 
 And o'er the hills in crowded herds were spread. 
 
382 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Sufficient for their lord my lambs did stray, 
 And too, too many for the beasts of prey ; 
 But now of every pleasing view bereft, 
 Reflection on their loss is all I've left. 
 Fresh grief I feel, and still repeated cares, 
 Oft as I cast my eye on former years. 
 
 But though the Fates, with more severe decrees, 
 Shall fix a train of heavier woes than these, 
 Yet still unwearied with my misery, 
 The Muse shall never fail to sing of thee. 
 
 Nor will the Muse alone suffice to prove 
 How much I prize my friend, how much I love. 
 For thee I 'd run the hazard of the sea, 
 And tempt the roughest of the waves for thee. 
 For thee I singly could whole troops oppose, 
 Or throw myself where flaming JEtna glows. 
 
 And while I think you but regard my name, 
 I neither wish the Lydian realms to claim, 
 Nor the vast honours of Gylippus' fame : 
 Nor would I ask Apollo to inspire 
 My Muse with Homer's strength and lasting fire ; 
 If but this humble verse can pleasing be, 
 No time shall stop my tongue from praising thee. 
 
 And when I've suffer'd Fate's unalter'd doom, 
 Closed in the gloomy mansion of a tomb ; 
 If death in time shall make his forceful rape, 
 Or I survive, though in a different shape ; 
 If as a horse I beat the dusty plain, 
 Or in a bull's majestic form remain ; 
 Or if I as a feather'd fowl appear, 
 And beat with flutt'ring wings the fluid air ; 
 Or in a human form increase my days, 
 I '11 always fill whole volumes with thy praise. Dart. 
 
 POEM II. 
 
 THE EULOGY OF SULPICIA. 
 
 Great god of war ! Sulpicia, lovely maid. 
 To grace your calends, is in pomp array'd. 
 
TIBULLUS. 383 
 
 If beauty warms you, quit th' ethereal height, 
 
 E'en Cytherea will indulge the sight : 
 
 But while you gaze o'er all her matchless charms, 
 
 Beware your hands should meanly drop your arms ! 
 
 When Cupid would the gods with love surprise, 
 
 He lights his torches at her radiant eyes. 
 
 A secret grace her every act improves, 
 
 And pleasing follows wheresoe'er she moves : 
 
 If loose her hair upon her bosom plays, 
 
 Unnumber'd charms that negligence betrays : 
 
 Or if 'tis plaited with a labour'd care, 
 
 Alike the labour'd plaits become the fair. 
 
 Whether rich Tyrian robes her charms invest, 
 
 Or all in snowy white the nymph is drest, 
 
 All, all she graces, still supremely fair, 
 
 Still charms spectators with a fond despair. 
 
 A thousand dresses thus Yertumnus wears, 
 
 And beauteous equally in each appears. 
 
 The richest tints and deepest Tyrian hue, 
 To thee, O wondrous maid ! are solely due : 
 To thee th' Arabian husbandman should bring. 
 The spicy produce of his eastern spring : 
 Whatever gems the swarthy Indians boast, 
 Their shelly treasures, and their golden coast, 
 Alone thou merit'st ! Come, ye tuneful choir ! 
 And come, bright Phoebus ! with thy plausive lyre ! 
 This solemn festival harmonious praise, 
 Xo theme so much deserves harmonious lays. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Mars ! on thy calends, fair Sulpitia see, 
 Deck'd in her gay habiliments for thee. 
 Come — Venus will forgive : descend, if wise : 
 To view her beauties leave thyself the skies. 
 But oh beware ! lest, gazing on her charms, 
 Fierce as thou art, thou drop thy shameful arms. 
 For from her eyes, when gods are Cupid's aim, 
 He lights two lamps, that burn with keenest flame. 
 
384 TIBULLUS. 
 
 In every act, and step, and motion seen, 
 
 Grace stealthy glides, and forms her easy mien : 
 
 Graceful her locks in loose disorder spread ; 
 
 Graceful the smoother braid that binds her head : 
 
 She charms, when Tyrian purple folds her limbs ; 
 
 She charms, when white her snowy drapery swims : 
 
 Thus blithe Vertumnus in th' Olympian hall 
 
 Shifts all his thousand shapes, and charms in all. 
 
 She only of her sex deserves the grain 
 
 Of wool twice dipp'd in Tyrus' crimson stain : 
 
 Hers to possess whate'er the Arab reaps 
 
 Of harvest shrubs, whence liquid fragrance weeps : 
 
 Whatever pearls the sable Indians hand 
 
 Culls on his eastern ocean's ruddy sand. 
 
 Her on these calends, O ye Muses ! sing : 
 
 Let thy shell'd harp, exulting Phoebus ! ring : 
 
 The festal rite let future years prolong ; 
 
 No nymph more worthy of your choral song. Elton. 
 
 POEM ill. 
 
 SULPICIA ON HER LOVER'S GOING TO THE CHASE. 
 
 Whether, fierce churning boars ! in meads ye stray, 
 Or haunt the shady mountain's devious way ; 
 Whet not your tusks, my loved Cerinthus spare ! 
 Know, Cupid ! I consign him to your care. 
 What madness 'tis, shagg'd tractless wilds to beat, 
 And wound with pointed thorns your tender feet : 
 Oh ! why to savage beasts your charms oppose ? 
 With toils and blood-hounds why their haunts enclose ? 
 The lust of game decoys you far away ; 
 Ye blood-hounds, perish, and ye toils, decay ! 
 
 Yet, yet could I with loved Cerinthus rove 
 Through dreary deserts and the thorny grove ; 
 The cumbrous meshes on my shoulders bear, 
 And dare the monsters with my barbed spear ; 
 Could track the bounding stags through tainted grounds, 
 Beat up their cover, and unchain the hounds : 
 But most to spread our artful toils I 'd joy, 
 For while we watch'd them, I could clasp the boy ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 
 
 Then, as entranced in amorous bliss we lay, 
 Mix'd soul with soul, and melted all away ! 
 Snared in our nets, the boar might safe retire, 
 And owe his safety to our mutual fire. 
 
 Oh ! without me ne'er taste the joys of love, 
 But a chaste hunter in my absence prove. 
 And oh ! may boars the wanton fair destroy, 
 Who would Cerinthus to their arms decoy ! 
 Yet, yet I dread ! — Be sports your father's care ; 
 But you, all passion ! to my arms repair ! Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Ah ! spare, ye gentle boars, my lovely boy, 
 (From his dear arms you need not fear annoy,) 
 Whether through flowery meads you take your way, 
 Or o'er the shadowy pathless mountains stray. 
 Nor whet your tusks with fury to destroy ; 
 Love is the guardian of my lovely boy : 
 The lust of hunting leads his feet astray, 
 And far from love directs his devious way. 
 Oh ! perish all ye woods, ye yelping hounds, 
 Wound me no more with your detested sounds. 
 What strange fantastic notions fill that mind, 
 That in these sports can any pleasure find ; 
 To set the woody hills around with toils, 
 With hands all torn to seek such worthless spoils ! 
 Yet could I with my dear Cherinthus rove, 
 Through devious forests and the shady grove, 
 O'er mountains I the winding net would bear, 
 And chase with pleasure the swift-footed deer ; 
 I would uncouple with these hands the hounds, 
 And fancy music in their deep-mouth'd sounds ; 
 Then would the fields, then would the woods delight, 
 If in thy arms I lay, my love, my light, 
 Before the very toils, my charming boy, 
 Dissolved in pleasure, panting with the joy ; 
 Though in the net, the boar might safe retire, 
 And not disturb our bliss with furious ire. 
 Then without me ne'er taste the sweets of love, 
 But a chaste hunter in my absence prove ; 
 2 c 
 
386 TIBULLTJS. 
 
 And may the ravenous beasts of prey destroy 
 Whatever she would clasp my lovely boy. 
 Then to thy parent quit the huntsman's charms, 
 And swiftly fly to thy Sulpitia's arms. Otway. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 Oh savage boar ! where'er thy haunt is found, 
 In champaign meads or mountain thickets deep, 
 
 Spare my dear youth ; nor whet thy fangs to wound ; 
 May guardian Love the lover harmless keep. 
 
 Him far away the wandering chase has led : 
 Wither all woods and perish every hound ! 
 
 What frantic mood, the tangled net to spread, 
 And sore his tender hands with brambles wound ! 
 
 Where is the joy, to thread the forest lair, 
 
 While with hook'd thorns thy snowy legs are fray'd ? 
 
 But if, Cherinthus, I thy wanderings share, 
 
 Thy nets I'll trail through every mountain glade. 
 
 Myself will track the nimble roebuck's trace, 
 And from the hound the iron leash remove : 
 
 Then woods will charm me, when in thy embrace 
 The conscious nets behold me, oh my love ! 
 
 Unharm'd the boar shall break the tangling snare, 
 Lest our stolen hours of bliss impeded be : 
 
 But, far from me, soft Venus' joys forbear ; 
 With Dian spread the nets, when far from me. 
 
 May she, that robs me of thy dear embrace, 
 Fall to the woodland beasts, by peacemeal torn : 
 
 But to thy father leave the toilsome chase ; 
 
 Fly to my arms, on wings of transport borne. Elton. 
 
 POEM IV. 
 
 ON sulpicia's illness. 
 
 Come, Phoebus ! with your loosely floating hair, 
 Oh soothe her torture, and restore the fair ! 
 Come, quickly come ! we supplicant implore, 
 Such charms your happy skill ne'er saved before ! 
 
TIBULLUS. 38*! 
 
 Let not her frame consumptive pine away, 
 Her eyes grow languid, and her bloom decay ; 
 Propitious come ; and with you bring along- 
 Each pain-subduing herb and soothing song ; 
 Or real ills, or whate'er ills we fear, 
 To ocean's farthest verge let torrents bear. 
 Oh ! rack no more, with harsh, unkind delays, 
 The youth, who ceaseless for her safety prays ; 
 'Twixt love and rage his tortur'd soul is torn ; 
 And now he prays, now treats the gods with scorn. 
 
 Take heart, fond youth ; you have not vainly pray'd, 
 Still persevere to love th' enchanting maid : 
 Sulpicia is your own ! for you she sighs, 
 And slights all other conquests of her eyes : 
 Dry then your tears ; your tears would fitly flow 
 Did she on others her esteem bestow. 
 
 come ! what honour will be yours, to save 
 At once two lovers from the doleful grave ? 
 Then both will emulous exalt your skill ; 
 With grateful tablets both your temples fill ; 
 Both heap with spicy gums your sacred fire ; 
 Both sing your praises to th' harmonious lyre : 
 Your brother-gods will prize your healing powers, 
 Lament their attributes, and envy yours. Grainger. 
 
 POEM V. 
 SULPICIA ON HER LOVER'S BERTH-DAY. 
 
 With feasts I'll ever grace the sacred morn, 
 When my Cerinthus, lovely youth ! was born. 
 At birth to you th' unerring Sisters sung 
 Unbounded empire o'er the gay and young : 
 But I, chief I ! (if you my love repay,) 
 With rapture own your ever-pleasing sway. 
 This I conjure you, by your charming eyes, 
 Where love's soft god in wanton ambush lies ! 
 This by your genius and the joys we stole, 
 Whose sweet remembrance still enchants my soul 
 2 c 2 
 
3S8 TIBULLUS. 
 
 Great natal Genius ! grant my heart's desire, • 
 So shall I heap with costly gums your fire ! 
 Whenever fancy paints me to the boy, 
 Let his breast pant with an impatient joy : 
 But if the libertine for others sigh, 
 (Which Love forbid !) O Love ! your aid deny. 
 Nor, Love ! be partial, let us both confess 
 The pleasing pain, or make my passion less. 
 But oh ! much rather 'tis my soul's desire, 
 That both may feel an equal, endless fire. 
 
 In secret my Cerinthus begs the same, 
 But the youth blushes to confess his flame : 
 Assent, thou god ! to. whom his heart is known, 
 Whether he public ask, or secret own. Grainger. 
 
 POEM VI. 
 TO SULPICIA'S JUNO. 
 
 Accept, natal queen ! with placent air, 
 
 The incense offer'd by the learned fair. 
 
 She 's robed in cheerful pomp, power divine ! 
 
 She 's robed to decorate your matron shrine ; 
 
 Such her pretence ; but well her lover knows 
 
 Whence her gay look, and whence her finery flows. 
 
 Thou who dost o'er the nuptial bed preside, 
 Oh ! let not envious night their joys divide, 
 But make the bridegroom amorous as the bride ! 
 So shall they tally, matchless lovely pair ! 
 A youth all transport, and a melting fair ! 
 Then let no spies their secret haunts explore ; 
 Teach them thy wiles, O Love ! and guard the door. 
 
 Assent, chaste queen ! in purple pomp appear ; 
 Thrice wine is pour'd, and cakes await you, here. 
 Her mother tells her for what boon to pray ; 
 Her heart denies it, though her lips obey. 
 She burns, that altar as the flames devour ; 
 She burns, and slights the safety in her power. 
 
TIBULLUS. 389 
 
 So may the boy, whose chains you proudly wear, 
 Through youth the soft indulgent anguish bear ; 
 And when old age has chill'd his every vein, 
 The dear remembrance may he still retain ! 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 POEM VII. 
 
 sulpicia's avowal. 
 
 Let other maids, whose eyes less prosperous prove, 
 Publish my weakness, and condemn my love. 
 
 Exult, my heart ! at last the queen of joy, 
 Won by the music of her votary's strain, 
 
 Leads to the couch of bliss herself the boy ; 
 And bids enjoyment thrill in every vein. 
 
 Last night entranced in ecstasy we lay, 
 
 And chid the quick, too quick return of day ! 
 
 But stop, my hand ! beware what loose you scrawl, 
 
 Lest into curious hands the billet fall. 
 
 No — the remembrance charms ! — begone, grimace ! 
 
 Matrons ! be yours formality of face. 
 
 Know, with a youth of worth the night I spent, 
 
 And cannot, cannot for my soul, repent ! Grainger. 
 
 POEM VIII. 
 
 SULPICIA TO MESSALA. 
 
 At last the natal odious morn draws nigh, 
 When to your cold, cold villa I must go : 
 
 There, far, too far from my Cerinthus sigh : 
 Oh why, Messala ! will you plague me- so ? 
 
 Let studious mortals prize the sylvan scene, 
 And ancient maidens hide them in the shade ; 
 
 Green trees perpetually give me the spleen ; 
 For crowds, for joy, for Rome, Sulpicia's made ! 
 
 Your too officious kindness gives me pain. 
 
 How fall the hail-stones ! hark ! how howls the wind ! 
 Then know, to grace your birth-day should I deign, 
 
 My soul, my all, I leave at Rome behind. Grainger. 
 
390 TIBULLUS. 
 
 POEM IX. 
 TIBULLUS TO MESSALA. 
 
 At last the fair 's determin'd not to go : 
 
 My lord ! you know the whimsies of the sex. 
 
 Then let us gay carouse, let odours flow ; 
 Your mind no longer with her absence vex : 
 
 For, oh ! consider, time incessant flies ; 
 
 But every day's a birth-day to the wise ! Grainger. 
 
 POEM X. 
 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 That I, descended of Patrician race, 
 
 With charms of fortune, and with charms of face, 
 
 Am so indifferent grown to you of late, 
 
 So little cared for, now excites no hate. 
 
 Rare taste, and worthy of a poet's brain, 
 
 To prey on garbage, and a slave adore ! 
 In such to find out charms, a bard must feign 
 
 Beyond what fiction ever feign'd of yore. 
 Her friends may think Sulpicia is disgraced ; 
 No ! no ! she honours your transcendent taste. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 POEM XI. 
 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 On my account, to grief a ceaseless prey, 
 Dost thou a sympathetic anguish prove ? 
 
 I would not wish to live another day, 
 If my recovery did not charm my love : 
 
 For what were life, and health, and bloom to me, 
 
 Were they displeasing, beauteous youth ! to thee. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
TIBULLUS. 391 
 
 POEM XII. 
 SULPICIA TO CERINTHUS. 
 
 If from the bottom of my love -sick heart, 
 
 Of last night's coyness I do not repent, 
 May I no more your tender anguish hear, 
 No longer see you shed th' impassion'd tear. 
 
 You grasp'd my knees, and yet to let you part — 
 Oh night more happy with Cerinthus spent ! 
 My flame with coyness to conceal I thought, 
 But this concealment was too dearly bought. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 POEM XIII. 
 TIBULLUS TO HIS MISTRESS. 
 
 To you my tongue eternal fealty swore, 
 
 My lips the deed with conscious rapture own ; 
 
 A fickle libertine I rove no more, 
 
 You only please, and lovely seem alone. 
 
 The numerous beauties that gay Rome can boast, 
 With you compared, are ugliness at best ; 
 
 On me their bloom and practised smiles are lost, 
 Drive then, my fair ! suspicion from your breast. 
 
 Ah no ! suspicion is the test of love : 
 
 I too dread rivals, I'm suspicious grown ; 
 
 Your charms the most insensate heart must move ; 
 Would you were beauteous in my eyes alone ! 
 
 I want not man to envy my sweet fate, 
 
 I little care that others think me blest ; 
 Of happy conquests let the coxcomb prate ; 
 
 Vain-glorious vaunts the silent wise detest. 
 
 Supremely pleased with you, my heavenly fair ! 
 
 In any trackless desert I could dwell ; 
 From our recess your smiles would banish care, 
 
 Your eyes give lustre to the midnight cell. 
 
392 TIBULLUS. 
 
 For various converse I should long no more, 
 The blithe, the moral, witty, and severe ; 
 
 Its various arts are hers whom I adore ; 
 She can depress, exalt, instruct, and cheer. 
 
 Should mighty Jove send down from heaven a maid, 
 With Venus' cestus zoned, my faith to try, 
 
 (So, as I truth declare, me Juno aid !) 
 For you I'd scorn the charmer of the sky. 
 
 But hold ! you 're mad to vow, unthinking fool ! 
 
 Her boundless sway you 're mad to let her know : 
 Safe from alarms, she'll treat you as a tool — 
 
 Ah, babbling tongue ! from thee what mischiefs flow ! 
 
 Yet let her use me with neglect, disdain ; 
 
 In all, subservient to her will I'll prove; 
 Whate'er I feel, her slave I'll still remain ; 
 
 Who shrinks from sorrow, cannot be in love ! 
 
 Imperial Queen of Bliss ! with fetters bound, 
 I'll sit me down before your holy fane ; 
 
 You kindly heal the constant lover's wound, 
 Th' inconstant torture with increase of pain. 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 " Never shall woman's smile have power , 
 To win me from those gentle charms ! " 
 
 Thus swore I in that happy hour 
 
 When Love first gave them to my arms. 
 
 And still alone thou charm'st my sight — • 
 Still, though our city proudly shine 
 
 With forms and faces fair and bright, 
 I see none fair or bright but thine. 
 
 Would thou wert fair for only me, 
 And couldst no heart but mine allure ! 
 
 To all men else unpleasing be, 
 So shall I feel my prize secure. 
 
TIBULLUS. 393 
 
 Oh love like mine ne'er wants the zest 
 
 Of others' env y, others' praise ; 
 But in its silence safely blest, 
 
 Broods o'er a bliss it ne'er betrays. 
 
 Charm of my life ! by whose sweet power 
 All cares are hush'd, all ills subdued- — 
 
 My light in ev'n the darkest hour, 
 My crowd in deepest solitude ! 
 
 No ; not though heaven itself sent down 
 Some maid of more than heavenly charms, 
 
 With bliss undreamt thy bard to crown, 
 
 Would I for her forsake those arms. Moore. 
 
 THE SAME. 
 
 No second love shall e'er my heart surprise, 
 This solemn league did first our passion bind : 
 
 Thou, only thou, canst please thy lover's eyes, 
 Thy voice alone can soothe his troubled mind. 
 
 Oh that thy charms were only fair to me, 
 Displease all others, and secure my rest, 
 
 No need of envy, — let me happy be, 
 I little care that others know me blest. 
 
 With thee in gloomy deserts let me dwell, 
 
 Where never human footstep mark'd the ground ; 
 
 Thou, light of life, all darkness canst expel, 
 And seem a world with solitude around. 
 
 I say too much — my heedless words restore, 
 My tongue undoes me in this loving hour ; 
 
 Thou know'st thy strength, and thence insulting more, 
 Wilt make me feel the weight of all thy power. 
 
 Whate'er I feel, thy slave I will remain, 
 Nor fly the burden I am form'd to bear ; 
 
 In chains I'll sit me down at Venus' fane, 
 
 She knows my wrongs, and will regard my prayer. 
 
 Hammond 
 
394 TIBULLUS. 
 
 POEM XIV. 
 
 Fame says, my mistress loves another swain ; 
 
 Would I were deaf, when Fame repeats the wrong ! 
 All crimes to her imputed give me pain, 
 
 Not change my love : Fame, stop your saucy tongue ! 
 
 Grainger. 
 
 the END. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 C. stands for Catullus j T. for Tibullus ; V. for the Vigil of Venus. Roman 
 numerals mark the number of the poem, Arabic that of the page. 
 
 Achilles, song of the Fates pro- 
 phetic of, 68. 
 
 Acme and Septimius, C. xlii. 
 
 Admetus, Apollo pastured the oxen 
 of, T. i. iii., in. iv. 
 
 Adultery, punishment for, C. xv. ; . 
 the growth of, C. cviii. 
 
 iEgeus, father of Theseus, 66. 
 
 zEmilius, nasty, C. xcvii. 
 
 iEneas, the Sibyl's prophecy to, T. 
 
 II. v. 
 
 Aganippe, the cold, C. lxi. 
 Alba Longa, T. n. v. 
 Alphenus, C. xxvii. See Varus. 
 Amalthea, the Sibyl, T. n. v. 
 Amastris, town of, C. iv. 
 Amathus, town of, C. xxvi. 
 Amathusian Venus, 83, note. 
 Ambarvalia, the, T. n. i. 
 Amyclae undone by silence, V. 104. 
 Anacreon quoted, 26, 31. 
 Ancena, a Sibyl, T. n. v. 
 Androgeos, C. lxiv. 
 Angerianus, lines by, translated by 
 
 Moore, 57, note. 
 Annals of Volusius, the, C. xxxvi., 
 
 xci. 
 Antimachus, the turgid, C. xci. 
 Apollo. See Phoebus. ' 
 Apple, the, a love token, 74. 
 Aquinius, a bad poet, C. xiv. 
 Aquitaine, T. i. vii., n. i. 
 
 Arar, river, T. i. vii. 
 
 Ariadne, the story of, 61 ; T. in. vi. 
 
 Ariosto, imitations of Catullus bv, 
 
 13, 17, 53. 
 Arnus, T. iv. viii. 
 Arrius and his h aspirations, C. lxxxi. 
 Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy, C. Ixvi. 
 Arupinian, the aged, T. iv. i. 
 Asinius, a practical joker, C. xii. 
 Atalanta, the swift, C. ii. 
 Athos, Mount, 77. 
 Atys, the poem of, C. Ixiii. 
 Aufilena, C. c. ex. cxi. 
 Aufilenus, C. c. 
 
 Aurelius, to, C. xi. xv. xvi. xxi. 
 Aurunculeia. See Julia. 
 
 B 
 
 Bacchus loves the Naiads, T. in. v.. 
 C. xxvii. ; identified with Osiris, 
 T. i. viii. 
 
 Balbus, C. lxiv. 
 
 Battiades, (Callimachus,) C. lxv. 
 cxvi. 
 
 Battus, C. vii. 
 
 Bellona, the priestess of, 122. 
 
 Berenice's Hair, C. Ixvi. ; her his- 
 tory, 76, note. 
 
 Bithynia, C. v. ; its mineral wealth, 
 C. x. ; the return home from, C. 
 xxxi. : farewell to, C. xlvi. 
 
396 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Britons, the horrible and remotest, 
 C. xlv. 
 
 Brixia, 80. 
 
 Bussy — Rabutin, imitation of Ca- 
 tullus by, 94. 
 
 Cheilitis, invitation to the poet, C. 
 
 xxxii. 
 Cascilius, C. lxiv. 
 Caelius, C. lviii. c. 
 Cassar, Julius, lampoons on, C. xxix. 
 
 liv. lvii. ; contempt for, C. lxxxix. 
 Ceesius, a bad poet, C. xiv. 
 Callimachus, 28, 74, 75, 87. 
 Callisto, daughter of Lycaon, C. 
 
 lxvi. 
 Calvus, C. Licinius, an orator and 
 
 poet, C. xiv. 1. liii. xcvi. 
 Camerius, the search for, C. Iv. 
 Camomile, 49. 
 Carnutus, T. i. viii. 
 Cato, a friend of Catullus, C. lvi. 
 Catullus, Life of, 1 ; to himself, C. 
 
 viii. lxxiii. ; his dialogue Avith a 
 
 door, C. lxiv. ; styled " doctus," 
 
 3, T. in. vi. ; his grief for his 
 
 brother's death, C. lxv. lxviii. ci. ; 
 
 his villa, C. xxxi. ; his farm, C. 
 
 xliv. 
 Celtiberians wash their teeth with 
 
 urine, C. xxxviii. xxxix. 
 Cerinthus, T. n. ii., iv. iii. iv. v. 
 
 viii. ix. — xii. 
 Chalked feet of slaves, 146. 
 Chalybes, the, 77. 
 Chaulieu, Epigram by, 10, note. 
 Chiron, 68. 
 Choaspes, river, 160. 
 Cicero, M. Tullius, C. xlix. 
 Cinna, C. x. xci. 
 Claudian, extract from, 81. 
 Cnidus, reedy, C. xxxvi. 
 Coan garments, 139. 
 Colonia, to the town of, C. xvii. 
 Cominius, C. cviii. 
 Conon, an astronomer, C. lxvi. 
 Cornelius Nepos, C. i. ; perhaps also 
 
 cii. 
 Cornificius, C. xxxviii. 
 
 Cornutus, T. n. iii. 
 
 Country, Love bom in the, 103, 
 
 136 ; relish of the Romans for 
 
 the, 108, note. 
 Cranon, a town of Thessaly, 60. 
 Croxall, imitation of Tibullus, 167. 
 Cybele, C. xxxv. lxiii. 
 Cycntean peak, the, 80. 
 Cydnus, river, T. I. viii. 
 Cyrene, C. vii. 
 Cyrus, the folly of, T. iv. i. 
 Cytorus, box-clad, C. iv. 
 
 D 
 
 Delia, (Diana,) V. 102. 
 
 Delia, the mistress of Tibullus, her 
 
 real name, 6 ; addressed, T. i. i. 
 
 ii. iii. v. vi. vii. ; her condition in 
 
 life, 123 ; her mother, ib. 
 Devovere, the meaning of the word 
 
 explained, 120, note. 
 Dia, or Naxos, 61 . 
 Diana, hymn to, C. xxxiv. 
 Dmdymene. See Cybele. 
 Dione, the same as Venus, C. lvi., V. 
 Dog, the watchjdumb for the wealthy 
 
 lover, 140. 
 Domitius Marsus on the death of 
 
 Tibullus, 5, 168. 
 Dyrrachium, C. xxxvi. 
 
 E 
 
 Egnatius grins to show his white 
 teeth, C. xxxix. ; which he scrubs 
 with his own urine, ib. and 
 xxxviii. 
 
 Elysium, the lover in, T. i. iii. 
 
 Emerald, or Smaragdus, T. i. i., 
 ii. iv. 
 
 Epithalamia, C. lxi. lxii. 
 
 Etruscans, fat, C. xxxix. 
 
 Fabullus, C. xii. ; invitation to, C. 
 
 xiii. 
 Faith, a goddess, C. xxvii. 
 Fenelon on Catullus, 92, note. 
 Flavius, mysterious amour of, C. vi. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 397 
 
 Flammeum, the, C. lxi. 
 
 Formianus. See Mamurra. 
 
 Fuffitius, an old rogue, C. liv. 
 
 Funeral, details of a Roman, T. in. 
 ii. 
 
 meats devoured by the des- 
 titute, C. xlvii. 
 
 ceremonies at his brother's 
 
 tomb, C. xcvi. 
 Furius, lines to, C. xi. xvi. xxiii. 
 xxvi. 
 
 Gallae, priests of Cybele, C. lxiii. 
 
 Gallic beagle, C. xlii. 
 
 Gallus, C. lxxviii. 
 
 Garlands himg on lovers' doors, C. 
 lxiii., T. i. ii. 
 
 Garumna, river, T. i. viii. 
 
 Gaul, long-haired, 28. 
 
 Gellius, C. lxxiv. Ixxix. Ixxx. 
 lxxxviii. lxxxix. xc. xci. cxvi. 
 
 Genius, the god, ] 26. 
 
 Golden Fleece, the, 59. 
 
 Grotius, Latin version of an epi- 
 gram from the Greek Anthology, 
 95. 
 
 Gylippus, T. iv. i. 
 
 Gyndus, river, 160. 
 
 H 
 
 Hamadryads, C. lxi. 
 
 Harpocrates, C. cii. 
 
 Herophile, a Sibyl, T. n. v. 
 
 Hippomanes, the, 140, note. 
 
 Hope, T. ii. 
 
 Hortalus, epistle to, C. lxv. 
 
 Hospitality, how regarded by the 
 
 Romans, 81. 
 Hymen, C. lxi. 
 Hymn to Diana, C. xxxiv. 
 Hypsithilla, petition to, C. xxxii. 
 
 Icarus, king of Laconia, the legend 
 
 of, 157. 
 Ilia embraced by Mars, T. n. v. 
 Inconstancy of woman, C. lxvii. 
 
 Infernal regions described, T. i. hi. 
 Infidelity, venial, of a mistress, 
 
 106. 
 Ionian, pronounced Hionian, C. 
 
 lxxxi. 
 Isis, the worship of, 113, 114, 119. 
 
 Jones, Sir William, imitation of 
 
 Catullus, 50. 
 Julia, Aurunculeia, on the marriage 
 
 of Manlius and, C. lxi. 
 Juno, 126, note. 
 Juventius, to, C. xxiv. lxxxi. 
 
 K 
 
 Kalends of March, T. in. i. 
 Kisses, insatiable appetite for, C. v. 
 
 vii. xlviii. ; and bites, C . viii. ; 
 
 medicaments for removing the 
 
 livid marks caused by, T. 121 ; 
 
 bitter, C. xcix. 
 
 Ladas, C. Iv. 
 
 Lansdown's, Lord, imitation of Ca- 
 tullus, 37. 
 
 Lanuvian,swarthy and long-toothed, 
 C. xxxix. 
 
 Laodamia, C. lxviii. 
 
 Lares and Penates, 106, note. 
 
 Larian lake, C. xxxv. 
 
 Laserpitium, C. vii. note. 
 
 Laughter of waves, 68 ; of a house, 
 C. xxxi. lxiv. (68.) 
 
 Lesbia, her real name, 2 ; her spar- 
 row, C. ii. iii. ; her kisses, C. v. 
 vii. ; farewell to, C. viii. ; mes- 
 sage to, C. xi. ; Sappho's Ode ap- 
 plied to, C. Ii. ; her infamy, C. 
 lviii. ; Catullus loves and scorns 
 her, C. lxix. ; his utter infatuation 
 for her, C. lxxiii. ; her husband 
 pleased to hear her abuse Catul- 
 lus, C. Ixxx. ; Quintia inferior to 
 her in beauty, C. lxxxiii. ; her 
 love manifests itself by railing, 
 C. lxxxviii. : Catullus denies that 
 
398 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 he has reviled her, C. xcix. ; his 
 reconciliation with her, C, cii. j 
 her vow, C. civ. 
 
 Libo, filthy, C. liv. 
 
 Licinius. See Calvus. 
 
 Liger, or Loire, the, T. i. 
 
 Lots, divination by, T. i. 
 
 Love, the god, born in the country, 
 V. 103, T. ii. i. ; disarmed, yet 
 armed, V. 101. 
 
 Love, and hate, C. lxxxii. ; lecture 
 on the art of, T. i. iv. ; partner- 
 ship in, 83 ; stratagems, T. i. vii. 
 
 Lover, the, divinely protected from 
 danger, T. i. ii. 
 
 Lucretius quoted, 82, 110. 
 
 Lydian Lake, the, C. xxxi. 
 
 Lygdamus, T. in. ii. 
 
 M 
 
 Macer, T. n. vi. 
 
 Msenades, C. lxi. 
 
 Magic, T. i. ii. 
 
 Magus, the birth of a, C. xc. 
 
 Mamurra, C. xxix. xli. xliii. lvii. 
 See Men tula. 
 
 Mamurra's mistress, C. xli. xliii. 
 
 Manlius, marriage of, C. lxi. ; epis- 
 tle to, C. lxviii. 
 
 Mara thus, T. i. iv. viii. 
 
 Marjoram, sweet, Hymen's wreath 
 of, C. lxi. 
 
 Marriage of Peleus and Thetis, C. 
 lxiv. 
 
 Marrucinian, remarks on the epi- 
 thet, 17, note. 
 
 Mars and Ilia, T. n. v. 
 
 Martial quoted, 10. 
 
 Melampus, 160. 
 
 Memmius, C. xxix. 
 
 Memnon, C. lxvi. 
 
 Memphis, the bull of, 125. 
 
 Menenus, C. lix. 
 
 Mentula, a nickname of Mamurra, 
 C. xciv. cv. cxiv. cxv. 
 
 Mermessia, T. H. v. 
 
 Messala, T. i. i. iii. v. vii., n. i. v., 
 iv. i. viii. 
 
 Messalinus, T. n. v. 
 
 Minos, C. lxiv. 
 
 Minotaur, the, C. lxiv. 
 Molorchus, 157. 
 
 N 
 
 Naso, epigram on, C. cxii. 
 
 Neaera, mistress of Tibulius, T. in. 
 
 i. ii. iii. iv. vi. 
 Nemesis, C. 40, 72. 
 Nemesis, mistress of Tibulius, T. 
 
 ii. iii. iv. vi. vii. 
 Nereids gazing on the Argo, 59. 
 Nile, the, T. i. viii. 
 Nisus, the purple hair of, 117. 
 Nonius Struma, C. Iii. 
 Numicus, river, T. ii. v. 
 
 O 
 
 Osiris, identified with Bacchus, 125. 
 Otho, C. liv. 
 
 Ovid, imitations of Catullus by, 73 ; 
 quoted, 20, 50, 113, 121, 123, 154. 
 
 Pales, T. i. i., n. v. 
 
 Palilia, the, T. n. v. 
 
 Pan, T. ii. v. 
 
 Panchaia, T. in. ii. 
 
 Pasithea, C. lxi. 
 
 Peace, invocation to, T. i. x. 
 
 Peleus and Thetis, marriage of, C. 
 
 lxiv. 
 Peneus, 68. 
 
 Pentheus, the legend of, 156. 
 Perjuries, lovers', T. i. iv., in. vi. 
 Phaeacia, T. i. iii., iv. i. 
 Phoebus, appears to Tibulius in a 
 
 dream, T. in. iv. 
 Pholoe, T. i. viii. 
 Phrygian marble, 150. 
 Phryne, a bawd, T. n. vi. 
 Pinnace, the praise of the, C. iv. 
 Piraeus, C. lxiv. 
 Pisaurum, C. lxxxi. 
 Piso, C. xxviii. 
 
 Poet, the chaste, T. in. iv., C. xvi. 
 Poetry, rustic origin of, 135. 
 Pollio, C. xii. 
 Polyxena, C. lxiv. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 399 
 
 Pontus, the spoil of, 28. 
 
 Pope's imitation of Catullus, 77. 
 
 Porcius, C. xlvii. 
 
 Porters, house, at Rome, 108, note. 
 
 Posthumia, a toper, C. xxvii. 
 
 Poverty, congratulations on, C. xx. 
 
 Priapus, C. xviii. xix. xx., T. I. i. 
 
 iv. 
 Prometheus, 69. 
 Protesilaus, 84. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarrel of rustic lovers, the, 133, 
 
 144. 
 Quintia and Lesbia compared, C. 
 
 lxxxiii. 
 Quintilia, on the death of, C. xcvi. 
 Quintius, C. lxxxii. c. 
 
 Ravidus, to, C. xl. 
 
 Rhesus, king of Thrace, C. Iv. 
 
 Roads, Roman, 126. 
 
 Romulus, Csesar addressed by that 
 
 name, C. xxix. 
 Rose, the, tinged by the blood of 
 
 Venus, 101. 
 Rufa, C. lix. 
 Rufulus, C. lix. 
 Rufus, to, C. lxvi. lxxiv. 
 
 Salisubsuli, priests of Mars, C. xvii. 
 
 Santonic Sea, T. i. viii. 
 
 Sappho, translation of ode by, C. li. 
 
 Saturnalia, the, C. xiv. 
 
 Saturn's unlucky day, T. i. iii. ; 
 
 reign, ib. 
 Satyrs, 67. 
 
 Septimius and Acme, C. xlii. 
 Serapis, temple of, C. x. 
 Setabis, napkins from, C. xii. xxv. 
 Sextianus, reads a speech to his 
 
 guests, C. xliv. 
 Shoes, women's, C. lxviii. ; of horses 
 
 not nailed on, C. xvii. 
 Sileni, 67. 
 Silo, a pimp, C. xcviii. 
 
 Simonides, C. xxxviii. 
 Sirmio, peninsula of, C. xxxi. 
 Sistrum, the, T. i. iii. 
 Smyrna, Cinna's poem, C. xcv. 
 Sneezing, C. xlv. 
 Socration, C. xlvii. 
 Sparrow, Lesbia's, C. ii. iii. 
 Spencer's Faery Queen quoted, 54. 
 Spinning, the act of, described, 69. 
 Spittle, its occult virtues, T. i. ii. v. 
 Struma Nonius, C. Iii. 
 Sufifenus, a bad poet, C. xiv. xxii. 
 Sulla, C. xiv. 
 Sulpicia, T. iv. 
 
 Tablets, C. xxxix. 
 
 Tag us, the golden, C. xxix. 
 
 Talus, C. Iv. 
 
 Tasso quoted, 53. 
 
 Telemachus, C. lxi. 
 
 Tethys, C. lxvi. lxxxviii. 
 
 Thalassius, C. lxi. 
 
 Thallus, to, C. xxv. 
 
 Theseus and Ariadne, C. lxiv., T. 
 in. vi. 
 
 Thetis, marriage of Peleus and, C. 
 lxiv. 
 
 Thia, 77. 
 
 Thiasus, 56. 
 
 Thyades, C. lxiv. 
 
 Thynia, C. xxxi. 
 
 Thyonian juice, C. xxvii. 
 
 Top, simile of the, T. i. v. 
 
 Torquatus. See Manlius. 
 
 Town, to a, C. xvii. 
 
 Troy, C. 1. lxv. 84 ; project for 
 making it the capital of the Ro- 
 man empire, 141. 
 
 Turnus, T. n. v. 
 
 Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus, C. 
 lxiv. 
 
 U 
 
 Umbrian hog, C. xxxix. 
 Unlucky, things deemed, C. v. vii. 
 
 xxiii. lxi. (48), T. i. iii. 
 Urania, C. lxi. 
 
400 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Valgius, T. ii. v. 
 Vatinian hatred, C. xiv. 
 Vatinius, C. lii. liii. 
 Velabrum, the, T. n. y. 
 Venus, the source of all 
 
 103. 
 Verannius, C. ix. xii. xxviii. 
 Verona, 80, 82. 
 Verro, C. lxxi. lxxx. 
 
 things, 
 
 Vertumnus, T. iv. ii. 
 Vettius, stinking, C. liv. xcviii. 
 Vibennii, on the, C. xxxiii. 
 Virginity protected by the zone, 10; 
 
 singular test of, 71. 
 Volusius, a bad poet, C. xxxvi. xci. 
 
 Zephyritis, C. lxvi. 
 
 Zone, loosing the, C. ii. lxi. 
 
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 CLAUDE'S LIBER VERITATIS. A Collection of 300 Engravings in imitation of the original 
 
 Drawings ol Claode, by Earlom. 3 vois. folio (pub. at 31/. 10s.), half-bound morocco, gilt 
 
 edges, it)/. 10s. 
 CLAUDE, BEAUTIES OF. 24 FINE ENGRAVINGS, containing some of his choicest 
 
 Landscapes, beautifully Engraved on Steel, folio, with descriptive letter-press, and Portrait, 
 
 in a portfolio (pub. at 3/. 12s.), II. 5s. 
 
 COESVELT'S PICTURE GALLERY. With an Introduction by Mrs. Jameson. Royal 4to 
 98 Plates beautifully engraved in outline. India Proofs (pub. at ol. 5s.), half-bound morocco 
 extra, 3/. 3s. 1836 
 
 COOKE'S SHIPPING AND CRAFT. A Series of 65 brilliant Etchings, comprising Pictur- 
 esque, but at the same time extremely accurate Representations. RoyaHto (pub.at 3/. 18s.6d.), 
 gilt cloth, U. lis. 6d. 
 
 COOKE S PICTURESQUE SCENERY OF LONDON AND ITS VICINITY. 50 beau- 
 tiful Etchings, after Drawings by Cai.cott, Stanfield, Prout, Roberts, Harding, 
 Stark, and Cotman. Royal 4to. Proofs (pub. at 5/.), gilt cloth, 2l.2s. 
 
 CONEYS FOREIGN CATHEDRALS, HOTELS DE VILLE, TOWN HALLS, 
 
 AND OTHER REMARKABLE BUILDINGS IN FRANCE, HOLLAND, GERMANY, 
 AND ITALY. 32 tine large Plates. Imperial folio (pub. at 10/. 10*.), half morocco, gilt edges, 
 3/. 13*. 6d. 18*2 
 
 CORNWALL, />N ILLUSTRATED ITINERARY OF; including Historical and Descrip • 
 live Accounts. Imperial 8vo, illustrated by 118 beautiful Engravings on Steel and Wood, by 
 Landed.*, H .nchci.iffe, Jackson, Williams, Sly, etc. after drawings by Creswick. 
 (Pub. at IGj.), half morocco, 8*. 1843 
 
 Cornwall Is undoubtedly the most interesting county in England. 
 
 CORONATION OF GEORGF THE FOURTH, by Sir George Nayler. in a Series of 
 above 40 magnificent Paintings or the Procession, Ceremonial, and Banquet, corryreiiending 
 faithful portraits of manv of the distinguished Individuals who were present; wna historical 
 and descriptive letter-press, atlas folio (pub. at 52/. 10*.), half bound morocco, gilt edges, 
 12/. 12*. 
 
 COTMANS SEPULCHRAL BRASSES IN NORFOLK AND SUFFOLK, tending to 
 illustrate the Ecclesiastical, Military, and Civil Costume of former ages, with Letter-presa 
 Lejcnptioks, etc. by Dawson Turner, Sir S. Mey-sjcx, etc. 173 Flates. The enamelled 
 Brasten are splendidly illuminated, 2 Toll. impl. «to half-bound morocco gilt edges, 61. 6a. 18H. 
 
 ■ 1 Uve same, larg? paper, imperial folio, half morocco, ftlt »Jfi«, 8i. 6*. 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 
 
 COTMAN'S ETCHINGS OF ARCHITECTURAL REMAINS in various ccuntiei la 
 
 England, with Letter-press Descriptions by Hickman. 2 vols, imperial folio, containing SAO 
 nighly spirited Etchings (pub. at HI.), half morocco, 8/. 8s. 1833 
 
 DANIELLS ORIENTAL SCENERY AND ANTIQUITIES. The original magnified 
 edition, 150 splendid coloured Views, oc the largest scale, of the Architecture, Antiquities, and 
 Landscape Scenery of Kindoostan, 6 vols, in 3, elephant folio (pub. at 210/.), elegantly half- 
 bound morocco, S2i. 10s. 
 
 DANIELLS ORIENTAL SCENERY, 6 vols, in 3, small folio, 150 Plates (pub. at 18/. 18*. 
 half-bound morocco, 61. 6s. 
 This is reduced 'rsm the preceding large work, and is uncoloured. 
 
 DANIELL'S ANIMATED NATURE, being Picturesque Delineations of the most interesting 
 Subjects from all Branches of Natural History, 125 Engravings, with Letter-pres= Dcaiiiiptiona 
 2 vols, small folio (pub. at 15/. 15s.), half morocco ( uniform with the Oriental Scenery), 31. 3s. 
 
 DON QUIXOTE, PICTORIAL EDITION. Translated by Jarvis, carefully revised- 
 With a co;ii->us original Memoir of Cervantes. Illustrated by upwards of 820 beautiful Wood 
 Engravings, after tbe celebrated Designs of Tony Johannot, including 16 new and beautiful 
 large Cuts, by Armstrong, now first added. 2 vols, royal 8vo (pub. "at 21. 10*.), cloth gilt, 
 1/. Ss. 1843 
 
 DUL\fc $H GALLERY, a Series of 50 Beautifully Coloured Plates from the most Celebrated 
 Picti^ m this Remarkable Collection- executed by R. Cockeurk (Custodian). AH 
 mounted on Tinted Card-board in the manner o Drawings, imperial folio, including 4 very 
 large additional Plates, published separately at rom 3 to 4 guineas each, and not before 
 included in the Series. In a handsome portfolio, w <h morocco hack (pub. at HU.), 16/. IBs. 
 
 " This is one of the most splendid and interesting of the British Picture Galleries, and has 
 for some years been quite unattainable, even at the full price." 
 
 EGYPT AND THE PYRAMIDS.— COL. VYSES GREAT WORK ON THE 
 
 PYRAMIDS OF GIZEK. With an Appendix, by J. S. Perrixg, Esq., on the Pyramids at 
 Abou Roash, the Favoum, Sc. &c. 2 vols, imperial 8vo, with 60 Plates, lithographed by 
 Hag he (pub. at 21. 12s. 6d.), U. Is. 1840 
 
 EGYPT— PERRINGS FIFTY-EIGHT LARGE VIEWS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF 
 
 THE PYRAMIDS OF G1ZEH, ABOU ROASH, &c. Drawn from actual Survey and 
 Admeasurement. With Notes and References to Col. Vyse's great Work, also to Denon, the 
 gTeat French Work on Egypt, Rosellini, Belzoni, Burckhardt, Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Lane 
 and others. 3 Parts, elephant folio, the size of the great French " Egypte" (pub. at lot. 15s.)' 
 in printeo. wrappers, 3/. 3s.; half-bound morocco, U. lis. 6d. 1842 
 
 ENGLEFIELD'S ISLE OF WIGHT. 4to. 50 large Plates, Engraved by Cooke, and a Geo 
 logical Map (pub. 71. 7s.), cloth, 21. as. j 815 
 
 FLAXMAN'S HOMER. Seventy-five beautiful Compositions to the Iliad and Odyssey 
 engraved under Flaxmas's inspection, by Piroli, Moses, and Blake. 2 vols, oblon- folio 
 (pub. at 51. 5s.), boards 21. 2s. ° 1805 
 
 FLAXMAN'S /ESCHYLUS, Thirty-six beautiful Compositions from. Oblong folio (nub at 
 21. 12s. 6d.), boards U. Is. " j' 831 
 
 FLAXMAN'S HESIOD, Thirty-seven beautiful Compositions from. Oblon-* folio inub at 
 
 21. 12s. 6rf.), boards 11. 5s. ° l * J 8 j 7 
 
 " Flaxman's unequalled Compositions from Homer ; ^schylus, and Hesiod, have lon~ 
 
 been the admiration of Europe; of their simplicity and beauty the pen is quite incapable o( 
 
 conveying an adequate impression."— Sir Thomas Luwteyice. 
 
 FLAXMAN'S ACTS OF MERCY. A Series of Eight Compositions, in the manner of 
 Ancient sculpture, engraved in imitation of the original Drawings, by F. C. Lewis. Oblon" 
 folio (pub. at 21. 2s.), half-bound morocco, 16s. 183 ^ 
 
 FROISSART, ILLUMINATED ILLUSTRATIONS OF. Seventy-four Plates, printed in 
 Gold and Colours. 2 vols, super-royal svo, hali-bound, uncut (pub. at \l. 10s. ) 3^. lus. 
 
 » the same, large paper, 2 vols, rcyal 4to, half-bound, uncut (pub. atlOi. 10s.), 6^. 6». 
 
 GELL AND GANDY'S POMPEIANA; or, f >po?raphv, Edifices, and Ornaments cJf 
 
 Pompeii. Original Series, containing the ResuV-of the Excavations previous to lSlg 2 vol* 
 royal 8vo, best edition, with upwards of 100 beautiful Line Engravings by Goodall Cooki?' 
 Heatk, Pye, etc. (pub. at 71. 4s.), boards, 31. m. ' 182 4 
 
 GEMS OF ART, 36 FINE ENGRAVINGS, after Rembrandt, Cuyp, Reynolds, Pot;.,- 
 six, Murii.io, Texiers, Corregio, Vaxdervelde, folio, proof impressions, in portfolio 
 (pub. at SI. 8s. ), 1/. lis. 6d. 
 
 GILLRAY'S CARICATURES, printed from the Original Plates, all em-raved by himself 
 between 1779 and iSlo, comprising the best Political and Humorous Satires of the 'Rei'ii of 
 George the Third, in uuwards of 600 highly spirited Engraving3. In i large vol. atlas"folio 
 (exactly uniform with the original Hogarth, as sold by the advertiser), half-bound red morocco 
 extra, gilt edges, SI. Ss. 
 
 GILPIN'S PRACTICAL HINTS UPON LANDSCAPE GARDENING *i'h soms 
 Remarks on Domestic Architecture. Royal Svo, Plates, cloth (pub. at U.), 7s. ' 
 
 GOETHE'S FAUST, ILLUSTRATED BY RETZSCH in 26 beautiful Outlines. Royal 
 
 itojpuo. at 11. Is.), gilt c'-tb. 10s. 6d. > ' 
 
 • This edition contains a translation of the original poem, witn historical and descriptive notii. 
 
 B % 
 
CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 GOODWIN'S DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE A Series of New Designs for Mansion*, 
 villas, Rectory-Houses. Parsonage-Houses: Bailiff's, Gardener's, Gamekeeper's, and Park- 
 Gate Lodges: Cottages and oilier Residences, in the Grecian, Italian, and Old English Style 
 of Architecture : with Estimates. 2 vols, royal 4to, 96 Plates (pub. at 5/. 5s.), cloth, 21. 12s. td. 
 
 ^RINDLAYS (CAPT.) VIEWS IN INDIA, SCENERY, COSTUME, AND ARCHI- 
 TECTURE : chitfl- en the Western Side of India. Atlas 4to. Consisting of 30 most beauti- 
 fully coloured Plates, highly finished, in imitation of Drawings; with Descriptive Lettei- 
 press. (Pub. at 12/. 12s.), half-hound morocco, gilt edges, 8/. 8s. 1839 
 
 This is perhaps the most exquisitely-coloured volume of landscapes ever produced. 
 
 HANSARD'S ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF ARCHERY. Being the complete History and 
 
 Practice of the Art: interspersed with numerous Anecdotes; forming a complete Manual for 
 tht P"wtnan. 8vo. Illustrated by 3U beautiful Line Engravings, exquisitely finished, by 
 ExGi.EHtAM, Portbury, etc., after Designs by Stefhanoit (pub. at U. lis. Get.), gilt cloth, 
 10s. Od. 
 
 HARRIS'S GAME AND WILD ANIMALS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, Large impi: 
 folio. 30 beautifully coloured Engravings, with 30 Vignettes of Heads, Skins, &c. (pub. at 
 10/. 10s.), hf. morocco, Ut. 6s. 1814 
 
 HARRIS'S WILD SPORTS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. Impl. 8vo. 26 beautifully co- 
 loured Engravings, and a Map (pub. at 21. 2s.), gilt cloth, gilt edges, 1/. Is. 1844 
 
 HEATH'S CAR'CATURE SCRAP BOOK, on 60 Sheets, containing upwards of 1000 Comic 
 Subjects after Seymour, Cruikshask Phiz, and other eminent Caricaturists, oblong folio' 
 ,'pub. at 21. 2s.), cloth, gilt, 1.3s. 
 
 This clever and entertaining volume is now enlarged by ten additional sheets, each con- 
 taining numerous subjects. It includes the whole of Heath's Omnium Gatherum, both Series; 
 Illustrations of Demonology and Witchcraft, Old Ways and New Ways; Nautical Dictionary; 
 Scenes in London; Sayings and Do'.ngs, etc.; a series of humorous illustrations of Proverbs, 1 
 etc. As a large and almost infinite storehouse of humour it stands alone. To the young 
 artist it would lie found a most valuable collection of studies; and to the family circle a con- 
 stant source of unexceptionable amusement. 
 
 HOGARTH'S WORKS ENGRAVED BY HIMSELF. 153 fine Plates (including the two" 
 well-known " suppressed Plates"), with elaborate Letter- press Descriptions, by J. Nichols.; 
 Atlas folio (pub. at 50/.), half-bound morocco, gilt back and edges, with a secret pocket for 
 suppressed plates, 71. 7s. 1822; 
 
 HOLBEIN'S COURT OF HENRY THE EIGHTH. A Series of 80 exquisitely beautiful; 
 Portraits, engraved by Bartolozzi, Cooper, and others, in imitation of the originaLj 
 Drawings preserved in the Royal Collection at Windsor; with Historical and Biographical) 
 Letter-press by Edmund Lodge, Esq. Published by John Chambert.aine. Imperial 4to 
 (puli. at 15/. 15s.), half-bound morocco, full gilt back and edges, 5/. 15s. 6d. 1812- 
 
 HOFLANDS BRITISH ANGLER'S MANUAL; Edited by Edward Jesse, Esq.; or, 
 the Art of Angling in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland; including a Piscatorial Account 
 of the principal Rivers, Lakes, and Trout Streams; with Instructions in Fly Fishing, Trolling,, 
 and Angling of every Description. With upwards of SO exquisite Plates, many of which are, 
 highly-finished Landscapes engraved on Steel, the remainder beautifully engraved on Wood. 
 8vo, elegant in gilt cloth, 12s. 1848.: 
 
 HOPE'S COSTUME OF THE ANCIENTS. Illustrated in upwards of 320 beautifully- 
 engraved Plates, containing Representations of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Habits, and 
 Dresses. 2 vols, royal 8vo, New Edition, with nearly 20 additional Plates, boards, reduced 
 to 21. 5s. 1841 
 
 HOWARD (FRANK) ON COLOUR, as a Means of Art, being an adaptation of the Expe- 
 rience of Professors to the practice of Amateurs, illustrated by 18 coloured Plates, post 8vo, 
 clcth gilt, 8s. 
 
 In this able volume are shown the ground colours in whicli the most celebrated painter* 
 worked. It is very valuable to the connoisseur, as well as the student, in painting and water- 
 colour drawing. 
 
 HOWARD'S (HENRY, R. A.) LECTURES ON PAINTING. Delivered *t the Royal 
 Academy, with a Memoir, by his son, Frank Howard, large post 8vo, cloth, 7s. Od. 1848. 
 
 HOWARD'S (FRANK) SPIRIT OF SHAKSPEARE. 483 fine outline Plates, illustrative of 
 
 all the principal Incidents in the Dramas of our national Bard, 5 vols. Svo (pub. at 14/. 8s. ), 
 
 cloth, 21. 2s. 1827—33 
 
 *** The 4S3 Plates may be had without the letter-press, for illustrating all 8vo editions of' 
 
 Shakspeare, for 1/. lis. 6d. 
 
 HUMPHREY'S (H. NOEL) ART OF ILLUMINATION AND MISSAL PAINTING, 
 
 illustrated with 12 splendid Examples from the Great Masters of the Art, selected from Missals*. 
 all bnfcutifully illuminated. Square 12mo, decorated blading, 1/. Is. 
 
 HUMPHREY'S COINS OF ENGLAND, a Sketch of the progress of the English Coinage, 
 from the earliest period to the present time, with 228 beautiful fac- similes of the most interest- 
 ing specimens, illuminated in gold, silver, and copper, square 8vo, neatly decorated binding, 18*. 
 
 HUNT'S EXAMPLES OF TUDOR ARCHITECTURE ADAPTED TO MODERN 
 HABITATIONS. Royal 4to, 37 Plates (pub. at 21. 2s.), half morocco 1/. 4s. 
 
 HUNT'S DESIGNS FOR PARSONAGE-HOUSE?- ALMSHOUSES, ETC. Royal 
 iio 27 Plates (p"b. at l/. Is.), half morocco, !4«. 1W1 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT H. G. BOHN. 
 
 HUNTS DESIGNS FOR GATE LODGES, GAMEKEEPERS' COTTAGES, ETC. 
 Royal 4to, 13 Plates (pdu. «t U. Is.), half morocco. 14*. 1841 
 
 HUNTS ARCHITETTURA CAMPESTRE: OR, DESIGNS FOR LODGES, GAR- 
 DENERS" HOUSES, etc. IN THE ITALIAN STYLE. 12 Plates, royal 4to (pub. at 
 XI. It.), half morocco, 14*. 1827 
 
 ILLUMINATED BOOK OF CHRISTMAS CAROLS, square 8vo. 24 Borders illuminated 
 in Gold and Colours, and 4 beautiful Miniatures, richlv Ornanaected Rinding (jmb. at 11. 5s.), 
 15s. 184D 
 
 ILLUMINATED EOOK OF NEEDLEWORK, By Mrs. Owen, with a Hist jry of Needle- 
 work, or the Countess of Wilton, Coloured Plates, post 8vo (pub. at 18s.), gilt cloth, 9s. 1S47 
 
 ILLUMINATED CALENDAR FOR 1850. Copied from a celebrated Missal known as the 
 "Hours" of the Duke of Anjou, imperial Svo, 30 exquisite Miniatures and Borders, in gold and 
 colours, Ornamented Binding (pub. at 21. 2s.), 15*. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED FLY-FISHERS TEXT EOOK. A Complete Gvjde to the Science of Trout. 
 and Salmon Fishing. By Theopkilus South, Gent. (Ed. Chitty, Barrister). With- 
 23 beautiful Engravings on Steel, alter Paintings by Cooper, Newton, Fielding, Lee, and 
 others. Svo (pub. at \l. lis. M.). cloth, gilt, 10s. 6d. 1845 
 
 ITALIAN SCHOOL CF DESIGN. Consisting of 100 Plates, chiefly engraved by Barto- 
 lozzi, after the original Pictures and Drawings of Guercino, Michael Angelo, Domeni- 
 chino, Axnibale. Ludovico, and Agostino C/racci, Pietro da Cortona, Carlo Ma- 
 ratti, and others, in the Collection of Her Majesty. Imperial 4to (pub. at lol. 10s.), half mo- 
 rocco, giit edges, 31. 3s. 1842 
 
 JAMES' (G P. R.) BOOK OF THE PASSIONS, royal Svo, illustrated with 16 splendid 
 Line Engravings, after drawings by Edward Courboui.d Stephanoff Chalon, Kenny 
 Meadows, and Jenkins; engraved under the superintendence of Charles Heath. New 
 and improved edition (just published), elegant in gilt cloth, gilt edges (pub. at It. lis. 6d.) 
 12s. 
 
 JAMESON'S BEAUTIES OF THE COURT OF CHARLES THE SECOND. 2 vols. 
 
 impl. Svc. 21 beautiful Portraits (pub. at 21. 5s.), cloth, U. Is. 1838 
 
 JOHNSON'S SPORTSMAN'S CYCLOPEDIA of the Science and Practice of the Field, t.'ie 
 Turf, and the Sod, or operations of the Chase, the Course, and the Stream, in one very thick 
 vol. svo, illustrated with upwards of 50 Steel Engravings, alter Cooper, Ward, Hancock, and 
 others (pub. at 11. lis. 6d.), cloth, 15s. 
 
 KNIGHTS (HENRY GALLY), ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE OF ITALY, 
 FROM THE TIME OF CONSTANTINE TO THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. With an 
 Introduction and '1 ext. Imperial folio. First Series, containing 40 beautiful and highly inte- 
 resting Views of Ecclesiastical Buildings in Italy, several of which are expensively illuminated 
 in gold and colours, half-bound morocco, 5^. os. 1843 
 
 Second .ind Concluding Series, containing 41 beautiful and highly-interesting Views of Eccle- 
 siastical Buildings in Italy, arranged in Chronological Order; with Descriptive Letter-press. 
 Imperial folio, half-bound morocco, al. is. 1844 
 
 KNIGHT'S (HENRY GALLY) SARACENIC AND NORMAN REMAINS. To illus- 
 trate the Normans in Sicily. Imperial folio. 30 large Engravings, consisting of Picturesque 
 Views, Arcbi'ectural Remains, Interiors ar.d Exteriors of Buildings, with Descriptive Letter- 
 press. Coloured like Drawings, half-bound morocco, U. 8». 184-6 
 But very few copies are now first executed in this expensive manner. 
 
 KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL LONDON. 6 vols, bound in 3 thick handsome vols, imperial Svo, 
 illustrated by 650 Wood Engravings (pub. at 3/. 3s.), cloth, gilt, 11. 18s. 1841-44 
 
 LONDON-WILKINSON'S LONDINA ILLUSTRATA ; OR, GRAPHIC AN3 
 HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the most Interesting and Curious Architectural 
 Monuments of the City and Suburbs of London and Westminster, e.g., Monasteries, Churches, 
 Charitable Foundations, Palaces, Halls, Courts, Processions, Places of early Amusements, 
 Theatres, and Oid Houses. 2 vols, imperial -Uo, containing 207 Copper-plate Engravings, with 
 Historical and Descriptive Letter-press (pub. at 20/. 5s.), half-bound morocco, 5/. 5s. 1S1U-25 
 
 LOUDON'S EDITION OF REPTQN ON LANDSCAPE GARDENING AND 
 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. New Edition, 250 Wood Cuts, Portrait, thick Svo, cloth 
 lettered (pub. at 11. 10s.), 15*. 
 
 LYSON'S ENVIRONS OF LONDON; beinsran Historical Account of the Towns, Villages 
 and Hamlets in t::e Counties of Surrey, Kent, Essex, Herts, ana Middlesex, vols. 4to, Plate* 
 (pub. at 10/. 10s.), cloth, 21. 10*. 
 The same, large paper, 5 vols, royal 4to (pub. at IjI. 15s.), c'oth, 31. 3*. 
 
 MACGREGORS PROGRESS OF AMERICA FRCM THE DISCOVERY BY 
 
 COLUMBIA, to the year 18-16, comprising its History and Statistics, 2 remarkably thick 
 volumes, imperial *»o. cloth lettered (pub. at il. 14*. 6d.), IC. 11*. M. 1847 
 
 MARTIN'S CIVIL COSTUME OF ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the Piesent Penod. 
 frorr. Tanestrv, MSS. Xc Uoyal 4te 61 PWi«g, >>««utjfjlly Illuminated in Gold and Colours, 
 cloth, ?ilt, 21. 12*. 6d. \%*3 
 
CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 MEYRICK'S PAINTED ILLUSTRATIONS OF ANCIENT ARMS AND ARMOUR, 
 a Critical Inquiry into Ancient Armour as it existed in Europe, hut particularly in England, 
 from the Norman Conquest to the Reign of Charles II, with a Glossary, etc. by Sjk Samuel 
 Rush Meyrick, LL.l)., F.8.A., etc., new and greatly improved Edition, corrected and en- 
 larged throughout by the Author himself, with the assistance of Literary and Antiquarian 
 Friends (Albert Way, etc.), 3 vols, imperial 4to, illustrated by more than loo Plates, 
 splendidly illuminated, mostly in gold and silver, exhibiting some ol the finest Specimens 
 existing in England; also a new Plate of the Tournament of Locks and Keys (pub. at 2H.), 
 half-bound morocco, gilt edges, l(W. 10s. 1844 
 
 Sir Walter Scott justly describes this collection as "the incomparable armoury." 
 ^.Edinburgh Review. 
 
 MEYRICK'S DESCRIPTION OF ANCIENT ARMS AND ARMOUR, in the Collec- 
 tion of Goodrich Court, 150 Engravings by Jos. Skelton, 2 vols, folio (pub. at 111. 11*.), 
 half morocco, top edges gilt, 41. Us. 6d. 
 
 MILLINGEN'S ANCIENT UNEDITED MONUMENTS; comprising Painted Greek 
 Vases, Statues, Hosts, Bas-Reliefs, and other Remains of Grecian Art. 02 large and beautiful 
 Engravings, mostly coloured, with Letter-press Descriptions, imperial 4to (pub. at 91. 9s.), 
 half morocco, il. Us. Grf. 1822 
 
 MOSES ANTIQUE VASES, CANDELABRA, LAMPS, TRIPODS, PATER/E, 
 Tazzas, Tombs, Mausoleums, Sepulchral Chambers, Cinerary Urns, Sarcophagi, Cippi; and 
 other Ornaments, 170 Plates, several of which are coloured, with Letter-press, by Hope, small 
 8vo ( pub. at \il. 3s. ), cloth, 11. 5s. 1814 
 
 MURPHY'S ARABIAN ANTIQUITIES OF SPAIN; representing, in 100 very highly 
 finished line Engravings, by Le Keux, Findbn, Lasdseer, G. Cooke, &c, the most 
 remarkable Remains of the Architecture, Sculpture, Paintings, and Mosaics of the Spanish 
 Arabs now existing in the Peninsula, including the magnificent Palace of Alhp.mbra; the 
 celebrated Mosque and Bridge at Cordova; thp Royal Villa of Generaliffe; and the Casa de 
 Carbon: accompanied by Letter-press Descriptions, in 1 vol. atlas folio, original and brilliant 
 impressions of the Plates (pub. at i2L), half morocco, 121. 12s. 181S 
 
 MURPHYS ANCIENY CHURCH OF BATALHA, IN PORTUGAL, Plans, Ele- 
 vations, Sections, and Views of the; with its History and Description, and an Introductory- 
 Discourse on GOTHIC ARCHITECTL RE, imperial folio, 27 fine Copper Plates, engraved 
 hy Lowry (pub. at 07. 6s.), half morocco, 21. 8s. 1795 
 
 NAPOLEON GALLERY; Or Illustrations of the Life and Times ofthe Emperor, with 99 
 Etching* on Steel hy Reveil, and other eminent Artists, in one thick volume post 8vo. (pub. 
 at 1/. Is.), gilt cloth, gilt edges, 10s. 6d. 1846 
 
 NICOLASS (SIR HARRIS) HI5TORY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD 
 
 OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE; with an Account oi the Medals, Crosses, and Clasps which 
 have been conferred for Naval and Military Services ; together with a History of the Order of 
 the Guelphs of Hanover. 4 vols, imperial tto, splendidly printed and illustrated by numerous 
 fine Woodcuts of Badges, Cros3es, Collars, Stars, Medals, Ribbands, Clasps, etc. and many 
 large Plates, illuminated in gold and colours, including full-length Portraits of Gueen Vic- 
 toria, Prince Albert, the King of Hanover, and the Dukes of Cambridge and Sussex. (Pub. 
 at Ul. Us.), cloth, with morocco backs, 51. 15s. 6d. *** Complete to 1847 
 
 ii the same, with the Plates richly coloured but not illuminated, and without the 
 
 extra portraits, 4 vols, royal 4to. cloth, 31. 10s. Gd. 
 
 "Sir Harris Nicolas has produced the first comprehensive History of the British Orders of 
 Knighthood; and it is one of the most elaborately prepared and splendidly printed works that ever 
 issued from the press. The Author appears to "s to have neglected no sources of information, 
 and to have exhausted them, as far as regards the general scope and purpose of the inquiry. 
 The Graphical Illustrations are such as become a work of this character upon such a subject; 
 at, ofcourse, a lavish cost. The resources of the recently revived art of wood-engraving have 
 been combined with the new art of printing in colours, so as to produce a rich effect, almost 
 rivalling that of the monastic il luminations. Such a book is sure of a place in every great library. 
 It contains matter calculated to interest extensive classes of readers, and we hope by our 
 specimen to excite their curiosity."— Quarterly Review. 
 
 NICHOLSONS ARCHITECTURE; ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. 218 
 
 Plates by Lowry, new edition, revised by Jos. Gwilt, Esq., one volume, royal 8vo, 
 11. Us. Hd. 1848 
 
 For classical Architecture, the text book of the Profession, the most useful Guide to the 
 Student, and the best Compendium for the Amateur. An eminent Architect has declared 
 it to be "not only the most useful book of the kind ever published, but absolutely indispen- 
 sable to the Student." 
 
 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF GERMANY DURING THE REIGN OF FREDERICK 
 
 THE GREAT, including a complete History of the Seven Years' War. By Francis 
 Kugler. Illustrated by Adolph Mekzel, Royal Svo, with above 500 Woodcuts (pub. at 
 11. 8s.), clotls gilt, 12s. 184S 
 
 PICTORIAL GALLERY OF RACE-HORSES. Containing Portraits of all the Winning 
 Horses ofthe Derby, Oaks, and St. Leger Stakes during the last Thirteen Yearn, and a His- 
 tory of the principal Operations ofthe Turf. By ^'ildrake (vreo. Tattersall, Esq.). Royal 
 8vo, containing 95 beautiful Engravings of Horses, after Pictures by Cooper, Herring, 
 Hancock, Alkeiv, sc. Also full-length characteristic Portraits of celebrated living Sports- 
 men ("Cracki ofthe Da?"), by Ssyjious. (j>"b, at 21. 2s.), scarlet cloth, gilt, u. It, 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 
 
 PICTURESQUE TOUR OF THE RIVER THAMES, in its Wcaiern Course, including 
 particular Descriptions of Richmond, Windsor, ami Hampton Court. By John Fismer, 
 Murray. Illustrated >»r upwards of LOO very highly-finished Wood Engravings by Orriw 
 Smith, Branston, Landells, Linton, and other eminent artists, to which are added 
 severs! beautiful Copper and Steel Plate Engravings by Cooke and others. One large hand- 
 some volume, royal Svo (pub. at U. 5s.', gilt cloth, 18a. 6d. 1845 
 The most beirYiful volume of Topographical Lignographs ever produced. 
 
 PINELLIS ETCHINGS OF ITALIAN MANNERS AND COSTUME, including Ma 
 Carnival, Banditti, &c, 27 Plates, imperial 4to, halt-bound morocco, lis. Rotne, 1840 
 
 PRICE SIR UVEDALE) ON THE PICTURESQUE in Scenery and Landscape Garden- 
 ing, with an Essay on the Origin of Taste, ami much additional matter. By Sir Thomas 
 Dick Lauder, Bart.' 8vo, with CO beautiful Wood Engravings by Montagu Stanley 
 (pub. at \l. Is. ), gilt cloth, 12s. 1842 
 
 PUGINS GLOSSARY OF ECCLESIASTICAL ORNAMENT AND COSTUME: 
 
 setting fortti the Origin, History, ami Signification of the "arious Emblems, Devices, and Sym- 
 bolical Colours, peculiar to Christian Designs of the Middle Ages. Illustrated by nearly 80 
 Pl.itjs, splendidly printed in gold and colours. Royal 4to, half morocco extra, top edges gilt, 
 
 PUGINS ORNAMENTAL TIMBER GABLES, selected from Ancient Examples in 
 England and Normandy. Royal 4to, 30 Plate*, cloth, It. la. 1830 
 
 PUGINS EXAMPLES OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, selected from Ancient 
 Edifices it, England; consisting of Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Parts at large, with Histo- 
 rical and Descriptive letter-press, illustrated by 225 Engravings by Le Keux. 3 vols. 4to 
 (pub. at 121. 12a.}, cloth, 71. 17s. Od. 1839 
 
 ^UGIN'S GOTHIC ORNAMENTS. 90 fine Plates, drawn on Stone by J. D. Harding and 
 
 others. Hoyal 4'.o, half morocco, 3/. 3*. 1844 
 
 rUGIN'S NEW WORK ON FLORIATED ORNAMENT, with 30 plates, splendidly 
 printed in Gold and Colours, royal 4to, elegantly bound in cloth, with rich gold ornaments, 
 31. 3s. 
 
 RADCLIFFES NOBLE SCIENCE OF FOX-HUNTING, for the use of Sportsmen, royal 
 8vo., nearly 40 beautiful Wood Cuts of Hunting, Hounds, &c. (pub. at U. 8s.), cloth gilt, 
 10s. 6d. 1839 
 
 RETZSCH'S OUTLINES TO SCHILLER'S "FIGHT WITH THE DRAGON." 
 
 Royal 4to., containing lfi Plates, Engraved by Moses, stiff covers, 7s. 6<Z. 
 
 RETZSCH'S ILLUSTRATIONS TO SCHILLER'S " FR I DO LIN," Royal 4to., contain- 
 
 ing 8 Plates. Engraved by Moses, stiff covers, 4s. 6d. 
 
 REYNOLDS' (SIR JOSHUA^ GRAPHIC WORKS. 300 beautiful Engravings (com- 
 prising nearly 4(10 subjects) after this delightful painter, engraved on Steel by S. W. Reynolds. • 
 3 vnis. folio (pub. al36i.), half bound morocco, gilt edges, 12/. 12s. 
 
 REYNOLDS' (SIR JOSHUA) LITERARY WORKS. Comprising his Discourses, 
 delivered at the Royal Academy, on the Theory and Practice of Painting; his Journey tt 
 .anders and Holland, with Criticisms on Pictures; Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, with Notes, 
 ■>o which is prefixed, a Memoir of the Author, with Remarks illustrative of his Principles and 
 -jactice, by Beechey. New Edition. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo, with Portrait (pub. at 18s.), gilt 
 ..*oth, 10a. 1846 
 
 "His admirable Discourses contain such a body of just criticism, clothed in such perspicuous, 
 elegant, ami nervous language, that it is no exaggerated panegyric to assert, that they will last 
 as long as the English tongue, and contribute, not less than the productions of his pencil, to 
 render his name immortal." — Northcote. 
 
 ROBINSONS RURAL ARCHITECTURE; being a Series of Designs for Ornamental 
 Cottages, in 06 Plate*, with Estimates. Fourth, greatly improved, Edition. Royal 4to (pub. 
 at il. 4t. ), half morocco, 21. 5s. 
 
 ROBINSONS NEW SERIES OF ORNAMENTAL COTTAGES AND VILLAS. 
 
 56 Plates by Harding and Auom. Royal 4to, half morocco, 21. 2«. 
 
 ROBINSON'S ORNAMENTAL VILLAS, 96 Plates (pub. at 4/. 4».), half morocco, 2L 4*. 
 ROBINSON'S FARM BUILDINGS. 56 Plates (pub. at 21. 2i.), half morocco, U. lis. id. 
 
 ROBINSONS LODGES AND PARK ENTRANCES. 48 Plates (pub. at 21. 2a.), half 
 
 morocco, U. Us. bd. 
 
 ROBINSONS VILLAGE ARCHITECTURE. Fourth Edition, with additional Plate. 41 
 Plates (uuh at 11. 16s.), half bound uniform. U. 4s. 
 
 ROBINSON'S NEW VITRUVIUS BRITANNICUS; Or Views Plans and Elevations o, 
 SnglUA Mansions, viz., Woburn Abbev, Hatfield House, and Hardwicke Hall, also Cassio- 
 burv House, by John Brittok, imperial folio, 50 fine engravings, by Lb Kbux (pub.a 
 16i.*16s. ) naif morocco, g-ilt edges, 31. 13a. 6d. 1M " 
 
 ROYAL VICTORIA GALLERY, comprising 33 beautiful Engravings, after pictures a 
 
 ^ BUCKINGHAM PALACE, particularly Rembrandt, the Ostades, f ln.brs, Gerar* 
 
 Dow, Both, Cuvr, Reynolds, Titian, and Rubens, engraved by Greatbach. S. W 
 
 Reynolds, Fresbury, Burnet, &c; with letter-press by Linnell, royal ato (put). •> 
 
 4/. 4s.), Uif morocco. U. lis. W. 
 
CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 RUDING'S ANNALS OF THE COINAGE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND ITS 
 
 DEPENDENCES. Three vols., 4to., liU plates, (pub. at lit. lis.) cloth, il. i*. 1840 
 
 SHAKSPEARE PORTFOLIO; a Series of 96 Graphic Illustrations, after Designs by 
 the most eminent British Artists, including Snnrke, Stotliard, Stephanos, Cooper, Westall, 
 Hilton, Leslie, Bngns, Corbould, Clint, Sc, beautifully engraved by Heath, Grealbach, 
 Robinson, I've, Fiuden, Englehart, Armstrong, Rolls, and others (pub at 8/. 8s.), in a case, 
 with leather back, imperial 8vo, 11. Is. 
 
 SHAW AND 6RIOGENS' DESIGNS FOR FURNITURE, with Candelabra and interior 
 
 Decoration, 60 Plates, royal 4to, (pub. at 31. -is.), half-bound, uncut, 11. lis. Crf. 1838 
 
 The same, large paper, impl. 4to, the Plates coloured (pub. at 6/. 6s.), hf.-bd., uncut, 3/. 3*. 
 
 SHAW'S LUTON CHAPEL, its Architecture and Ornaments, illustra'sd in a series of 2G 
 highly finished Line Engravings, imperial foiio (pub. at 3/. 3s.), half mom ceo, uncut, U. 16s. 
 
 1830 
 
 SiLVESTRE'S UNIVERSAL PALEOGRAPHY, or Facsimiles of the writings of every 
 age, taken from the most authentic Missals and other interesting Manuscripts existing in the 
 Libraries of France, Italy, Germany, and England. By M. Siivestre, containing upwards of 
 300 large and most beautifully executed fac-siniiles, on Copper and Stone, most richly illumi- 
 nated ill the finest style of art, 2 vols, atlas folio, half morocco extra, gilt edges, 311. 10s. 
 
 i The Historical and Descriptive Letter-press by Chamuollion, Figeac, and Cham- 
 
 pollion, jua. With additions and corrections by Sir Frederick M'adden. 2 vols, royal 8vo, 
 cloth, 11. 16s. 1850 
 
 - the same, 2 vols, royal 8vo, hf. mor. gilt edges (uniform with the folio work), 21. 8s. 
 
 SMITHS (C. J.; HISTORICAL AND LITERARY CURIOSITIES. Consisting of 
 Fas-similes of inteiesting Autographs, Scenes of remarkable Historical Events and interesting 
 Localities, Engravings of Old Houses, Illuminated and Missal Ornaments, Antiquities, &c. 
 &c, containing !00 Plates, some illuminated, with occasional Letter-press. In 1 volume 4to, 
 half morocco, uncut, reduced to 31. 1840 
 
 SMITH'S ANCIENT COSTUME OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, From 
 
 the 7th to the 10th Century, with Historical Illustrations, folio, with C2 coloured plates illu- 
 minated with gold and silver, and highly finished (pub. at Wl. 10s.) half bound, morocco, 
 extra, giit edges, 3/. 13s. 6ci. 
 
 SPORTSMAN'S REPOSITORY; comprising a Series of highly finished Line Engravings, 
 representing the Horse and the Dog, in all their varieties, by the celebrated engraver Johs 
 Scott, from original paintings by Reinagle, Gilpin, Stubhs, Cooper, and Landseer, accom- 
 panied by a comprehensive Description by the Author of the " British Field Sports," 4to, with 
 37 large Copper Plates, and numerous Wood Cuts by Rurnett and others (pub. at 2^. 12s. Oil.), 
 cloth gilt, U. Is. 
 
 STOKER'S CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES. 4 vols. 
 8vo., with 2J6 engravings (pub. at 71. 10s.), half morocco, 21. 12. 6d. 
 
 STOTHARD'S MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES OF GREAT BRITAIN 147 beauttfuHy 
 
 finished Etchings, all of which are more or less tinted, and some ot them highly illuminated in 
 gold and colours, with Historical Descriptions and Introduction, by Ivempe. Folio (pub. at 
 19.'.), half morocco, 8/. 8s. 
 
 STRUTT'S SYLVA BRITANNICA ET S^OTICA; or, Portraits of Forest Trees, distin- 
 guished for their Antiquity, Magnitude, or Beauty, comprising 50 very large and highly-finished 
 painters' Etchings, imperial folio (pub. at 01. 9s.), hail' morocco extra, gilt edges, il. 10s. 
 
 1826 
 
 STRUTT'S DRESSES AND HABITS OF THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND, from 
 the Establishment of the Saxons in Britain to the present time; with an historical and 
 Critical Inquiry into every branch of Costume. New and greatly improved Edition, with Cri- 
 tical and Explanatory Notes, by J. It. Blanche'. Esq., F.S.A. 2 vols, royal Ho, 153 Plates, 
 cloth, il. is. The Plates, coloured, 71. 7s. The Plates splendidly illuminated in gold, silver, 
 and opaque colours, in the Missal style, 20*. 1842 
 
 STRUTT'S REGAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND- 
 
 Containing the most authentic Representations of all the English Monarchs from Edward the 
 Confessor to Henry the Eighth; together with many of the Great Personages that were emi- 
 nent under their several Reigns. New and greatly improved Edition, by J. R. Planch e' 
 Esq., F.S.A. R©yal 4to, 72 Plates, cloth, 21. 2s. The Plates coloured, il. is. Splendidly 
 illuminated, uniform with the Dresses, \2l. 12s. 1842 
 
 STUBBS' ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 24 fine large Copper-plate Engravings. Impe- 
 rial folio (pub. at il. is ), boards, leather back, 1/. lis. (id. 
 
 The original edition of this fine old woik, which is indispensable to artists. It has long been 
 consideied rare. 
 
 TATTERSALL'S SPORTING ARCHITECTURE, comprising the Stud Farm, the Stall, 
 
 the Stable, the Kennel, Race Studs, &c. with 43 beautiful steel and wood illustrations, several 
 after Hancock, cloth gilt (pub. at 1/. lis. 6d.), 11. Is. 1850 
 
 TAYLOR'S HISTORY OF THE FINE ARTS IN GREAT BRITAIN. 2 vols, pos, 
 8vo. Woodcuts (pub. at 1/. Is.), cloth, 7s. Orf. 1841 
 
 "The best view of the state of modern art." — United States' Gazette. 
 
 TOD'S ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES OF RAJAST'HAN : OR, THE CENTRAL 
 AND WESTERN RAJPOOT STATES OF INDIA, COMMONLY CALLED RAJPOOT- 
 ANA). By Lieut. Colonel J. Tod, imperial 4to, embellished witli above 2,s extremely beauti- 
 ful line Engravings by Findes, and capital large folding map [it. I4«, 6d.), cloth, 2it. 1838 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT II. G. BOHN. 
 
 TURNER AND GiRTiN'S RiVER SCENERY; folio, 20 beautiful engravings on steel, 
 after the drawings of J. M. W. Turner, brilliant Impressions, in a portto'lio, with morocco 
 back (pub. at 5*. 5s.), reduced to 11. Us. 6d. 
 
 - the same, with thick glazed paper between the plates, half bound morocco, gilt 
 
 edges (pub. at 6/. 6s.), reduced to 21. 2s. 
 
 WALKER'S ANALYSIS OF BEAUTY IN WOMAN. Preceded by a critical View of the 
 peneral Hypotheses respecting Beauty, by Leonardo pa Vinci, Mengs, Winckei.manx, 
 Hume, Hogarth, Burkk, Knight, Alison, and others. New Edition, roval 8vo, illus- 
 trated by 22 beautiful Plates, after drawings from life, by H. Howard, by Gauci and Lank 
 (pub. at 21. 2s.), gilt cloth, 1/. Is. 1S-I6 
 
 WALPOLE'S (HORACE) ANECDOTES OF PAINTING IN ENGLAND, with some 
 Account of the Principal Artists, and Catalogue of Engravers, who have heen born or resided 
 in England, with Notes by Dai.laway; New Edition, Revised and Enlarged, by Ralph 
 Worn dm, Esq., complete in 3 vols, 8vo, with numerous beautiful portraits and plates, 21. is. 
 
 WATTS'S PSALM5 AND HYMNS, Illustrated Edition, complete, with indexes of 
 " Subjects," " First Lines," and a Table of Scriptures, 8vo, printed in a very large and beauti- 
 ful tvpc, ^embellished with 21 beautiful Wood Crs by Martin, Westall, and others (pub. at 
 II. Is.), giit cloth, 7s. £d. 
 
 WHISTON'S JOSEPHUS, ILLUSTRATED EDITION, complete; containing both the 
 Antiquities and the Wars of the Jews. 2 vols. 8vo, handsomely printed, embellished with 52 
 beautiful Wood Engravings, by various Artists (pub. at XL 4s.), cloth bds., elegantly gilt, 14s. 
 
 1845 
 
 WHITTOCK'S DECORATIVE PAINTER'S AND GLAZIER'S GUIDE, containing the 
 
 most approved methods of imitating every kind of fancy Wood and Marble, in Oil or Distemper 
 Colour, Designs for Decorating Apartments, and the* Art of Staining and Painting on Glass, 
 &c, with Examples fnm Ancient Windows, with the Supplement, 4to, illustrated with 104 
 plates, of which 44 are coloured, (pub. at 21. Ms.) cloth, 11. 10s. 
 
 WHITTOCK'S MiNIATURE PAINTER'S MANUAL. Foolscap 8vo., 7 coloured plates, 
 ami numerous woodcuts (pub. at is.) cloth, Js. 
 
 WiGHTWICKS PALACE OF ARCHITECTURE, a Romance of Art and History. Impe- 
 rial Svo, with 211 Illustrations, Steel Plates, and Woodcuts (pub. at 21. 12s. Gd.), cloth, 11. U. 
 
 1840 
 
 WtLD'S ARCHITECTURAL GRANDEUR of Belgium, Germany, and France, 24 fine 
 Plates by Le Keux, &c. Imperial 4to (pub. at 11. 18s.), half morocco, 1/. 4s. 1837 
 
 WILD'S FOREIGN CATHEDRALS, 12 Plates, coloured and mounted like Drawings, in a 
 handsome portfolio (pub. at 12/. 12s.), imperial folio, 5/. os. 
 
 WILLIAMS' VIEWS IN GREECE, G4 beautiful Line Engravings by Miller, Korseukgh, 
 and others. 2 vols, imperial Svo (pub. at 61. 6s.), half bound mor. extra, gilt edges, 21. 12s. 6d. 
 
 1829 
 
 WINDSOR CASTLE AND ITS ENVIRONS, INCLUDING ETON, hy Leitch 
 Rritchie, new edition, edited by E. Jesse, Esq., illustrated with upwards of SO beautiful 
 Engravings on Steel and Wood, royal 8vo., gilt cloth, 15» 
 
 WOODS ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES AND RUINS OF PALMYRA AND 
 
 BAI.HEC. 2 vols, in 1, imperial folio, containing 110 fine Copper-plate Engravings, some 
 very large and folding (pub. at 71. Is.), half morocco, uncut, 31. 13s. 6d. 1S27 
 
 jriaturnl f^tstorg, Agriculture, &x. 
 
 ANDREWS' FIGURES OF HEATHS, with Scientific Descriptions. 8 vols, royal Rvo, 
 with 300 beautifully coloured Plates (pub. at 15/.), cloth, gilt, 11. 10s. 1845 
 
 BARTON AND CASTLE'S BRITISH FLORA MEDICA ; OR, HTSTORY OF THB 
 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 2 vols. Svo, illustrated by upwards of 200 
 Coloured Figures of Plants (pub. at 3/. 3s.), cloth, 1/. 16s. 1845 
 
 BAUER AND HOOKERS ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERA OF FERNS, 
 in which the characters of eacl. Genus are displayed in the mcst elaborate manner, in a series 
 of magnified Dissections and Figures, highly finished in Colours. Imp. Svo, Plates, 6/. 1838-43 
 
 EEECHEY.- BOTANY OF CAPTAIN BEECHEYS VOYAGE, comprising an 
 
 Account of the Plants collected bv Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other Officers of the 
 Expedition, during the Voyage to'the Pacific and Behring's Stratts. By Sir William 
 Jackson Hooker, and G. A. W. Arnott, Esq., illustrated by 100 Plates, beautilullv en- 
 graved, complete in lo parts, 4to (pub. at 11. 10s.), 5/. 1831-41 
 
 8EECHEY.-ZOOLOGY OF CAPTAIN BEECHEYS VOYAGE, compiled from th. 
 Collections and Notes of CaDtain BEECHES and the Scientific Gentlemen who accompanied 
 the Expedition. The Mammalia, bv Dr. Richari>son ; Ornithology, by N. A. Vigors, Esq., 
 Fishes, by G. T. Lav, Esq., and E. T. Bennett, Esq.; Crustacea, by Kichard Owen; 
 Esq., Reptiles, bv John Edward Gray, Esq.: Sb?!ls, by W. Sowerby, Esq.: and Geology, 
 by the Rev. Dr. BucXLAlfD 4tc, illustrated b+ 47 Plates, containing many hundred Figures, 
 beautifully co'cureo. by Sowerhy (pub. at >l. 6*.), d.otb, 3/. 13s. 6d. U39 
 
10 CATALOGUE OF HEW BOOKS 
 
 BOLTON'S NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SONG BIRDS. Illustrated with 
 Figures, the size of Life, of the Birds, both Male and Female, in their most Natural Attitudes: 
 their Nests and Eggs, Food, Favourite Plants, Shrubs, Trees, &c. &c. New Edition, revised 
 and very considerably augmented. 2 vols, in 1, medium 4to, containing 80 beautifully coloured 
 plates (pub. at 8/. 8s.), half bound morocco, silt backs, gilt edges, 3/. 3s. 1845 
 
 BRITISH FLORIST, OR LADY'S JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE. 6vols.8vo, 81 
 coloured plates of flowers and groups (pub. a&'iL 10s.), cloth, 1/. 14s. 1846 
 
 BROWNS ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS 
 
 OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND; with Figures, Descriptions, and Localities of all 
 the Species. Royal 8vo, containing on 27 large Plates, 330 Figures of all the known British 
 Species, In their full size, accurately drawn from Nature (pub. at 15s.), cloth, 10s. fid. 1845 
 
 CURTIS S FLORA LONDINENSIS; Revised and Improved by George Graves, ex- 
 tended and continued by Sir W. Jackson Hooker; comprising the History of Plants indi- 
 genous to Great Britain, with Indexes; the Drawings made bv Sydenham, Edwards, and 
 Lixdley. 5 vols, royal folio (or 10!) parts), containing 647 Plates, exhibiting the full natural 
 size of each Plant, with magnified Dissections of the Parts of Fructification, &c, all beauti- 
 fully coloured (pub. at 8"/. 4s. in parts), half bound morocco, top edges gilt, 30/. 1835 
 
 DENNY— MONOGRAPHIA ANOPLURORUM BRITANNI/E, OR BRITISH 
 SPECIES OF PARASITE INSECTS (published under the patronage of the British Associa- 
 tion), 8vo, numerous beautifully coloured plates of Lice, containing several hundred magnified 
 figures, cloth, U \\r firi. jg42 
 
 DON'S GENERAL SYSTEM OF GARDENING AND BOTANY. 4 volumes, royal 4to, 
 numerous woodcuts (pub. at 14/. 8s.), cloth, 1/. lis. Cm. 1831-1838 
 
 DCN'S HORTUS CAN TABR1GIEN5IS; thirteenth Edition, 8vo (pub. at U. is.), cloth, 12*. 
 
 1845 
 
 DONOVANS NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INSECTS OF INDIA. Enlarged, by 
 
 J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S., 4to, with 58 plates, containing upwards of 12U exquisitely 
 coloured figures (pub. at Gl. 6s.), cloth, gilt, reduced to 21. 2s. 1843 
 
 DONOVANS NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INSECTS OF CHINA. Enlarged, by 
 J. O. Westwood. Esq., F.L.S., 4to, with 50 plates, containing upwards of 120 exquisitely 
 coloured figures (pub. at 67. 6s. ), cloth, gilt, 21. 5s. 
 
 "Donovan's works on the Insects of India and China are splendidly illustrated and ex- 
 tremely useful."— Naturalist. 
 
 "The entomological plates of our countryman Donovan, are highly coloured, elegant, and 
 useful, especially those contained in his quarto volumes ( Insects of India and China), where a 
 great numher of species are delineated for the first time.'' — Swainson. 
 
 DONOVAN'S WORKS ON BRITISH NATURAL HISTORY. Viz.-Insects, 16 vols, 
 
 —Birds, Id vols.— Shells, 5 vols.— Fishes, 5 vols.— Quadrupeds, 3 vols.— together 39 vols. 8vo. 
 containing litis beautifully coloured plates (pub. at 66/. 9s.), boards, 23/. 17s. The same set <vf 
 39 vols, hound in 21 (pub. at 73/. 10s.), half green morocco extra, gilt edges, gilt backs, 30i. 
 Any of the classes may be had separately. 
 
 DOYLE'S CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HUSBANDRY, and Rural Affairs in 
 General, New Edition, Enlarged, thick 8vo., with 70 wood engravings (pub. at 13s.), cloth, 
 8*. 6d. 1843 
 
 DRURY'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOREIGN ENTOMOLOGY; wherein are exhibited 
 upwards of 600 exotic Insects, of the East and West Indies, China, New Holland, North and 
 South America, Germany, &c. By J. O. Westwoov, Esq., F.L.S. Secretary of the Entomo- 
 logical Society, &c. 3 vols, 4to, 150 Plates, most btautifully coloured, containing above GOO 
 figures of Insects (originally pub. at 15/. 15s.), half bound morocco, 6/. 16s. 6c/. 1837 
 
 EVELYN'S SYLVA AND TERRA. A Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of 
 Timber, a Philosophical Discourse of the Earth; with Life of the Author, and Notes by Dr. A. 
 Hunter, 2 vols, royal 4to. Fifth improved Edition, with 46 Plates (p jt>. at 5/. 5s.), cloth, 21. 
 
 1825 
 
 FITZROY AND DARWIN— ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE IN THE BEAGLE. 
 166 plates, mostly coloured, 3 vols, royal 4to. (pub. at 9/.), cloth, 5/. 5s. 1838-43 
 
 GREVILLE'S CRYPTOGAMIC FLORA, comprising the Principal Species found in Great 
 Britain, inclusive of all the New Species recently discovered in Scotland. 6 vols, royal 8vo, 
 360 beautifully coloured Plates (pub. at 16/. 16s.), half morocco, 8/. 8s. 1823-8 
 
 This, though a complete Work in itself, forms an almost indispensable Supplement to the 
 thirty-six volumes of Sowerby's English Botany, which does not comprehend Cryptogamous 
 Plants. It is one of the most scientific and best executed works on Indigenous Botany ever 
 produced in this country. 
 
 HARDWICKE AND GRAY'S INDIAN ZOOLOGY. Twenty parts, forming two vols., 
 royal folio, 202 coloured plates (pub. at 21/.), sewed, 12/. 12«., or half morocco, gilt edges, 
 
 11/. 14l. 
 
 HARRIS'S AURELIAN; OR ENGLISH MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES, Their 
 
 Natural History, together with the Plants on which they feed; New and greatly improved 
 Edition, by J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. , &c, In 1 vol. sm. foljo, with 44 plates, containing 
 above 40(i figures of Moths, Butterflies, Caterpillars, &c, and the Plants on which they feed, 
 exquisitely coloureu after the original drawings, half-bound morocco, 4/. 4s. 1840 
 
 This extremely beautiful work is the only one which contains our English Moths and Butter- 
 flies of the full natural size, in all their changes of Caterpillar, Chrysalis, &c, with the 
 •a which they f»e»*» 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G-. BOHN. 11 
 
 HOOKfcR AND GREVILLE. ICONES FILICUM ; OR. FIGURES OF FERNS 
 
 With DF.SCRIP1 IONS, many of which have been altogether unnoticed by Botanists, or have 
 
 not been correctly figured. 2 vols, folio, with 240 beautifully coloured Plates (pub. at 25/. is.), 
 
 half morocco, pill ed-res, 12*. 12s. 1829-31 
 
 The grandest and most valuable of the many scientific Works produced by Sir William Hooker. 
 
 HOOKER'S EXOTIC FLORA, ' containing Figures and Descriptions of Rare, or otherwise 
 interesting Exotic Plants, especially of such as are deserving of being cultivated in our Gar- 
 dens. 3 vols, impeiia) 8vo, containing 232 large and beautifullv coloured Plates (pub. at 15*.), 
 Cloth, 61. 6s. 1823-1827 
 
 This is the most superb and attractive of all Dr. Hooker's valuable works. 
 
 •'The ' F.xotic Flora,' by Dr. Hooker, is like that of all the Botanical publications of the in- 
 defatigable author, excellent; and it assumes an appearance of finish and perfection to 
 -which neither the Botanical Magazine nor Register can externally lay claim."— Loudon. 
 
 HOOKER'S JOURNAL OF BOTANY; containin? Figures and Descriptions of such Plants 
 is recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to which they are 
 applitd in the Arts, in Medicine, and in Domestic Economy; together with occasions*. 
 Botanical Notices and Information, and occasional Portraits and Memoirs of eminent 
 Botanists, 4 vols. Svo, numerous plates, some coloured (pub. at 3*.), cloth, 11. 1834-42 
 
 HOOKERS BOTANICAL MISCELLANY; containing Figures and Descriptions of Plants 
 which recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to which they 
 are applied in the Arts, in Medicine, and in Domestic Economy, together with occasional 
 Botanical Notices and Information, including many valuable Communications from distin- 
 guished Scientific Travellers. Complete in 3 thick vols, royai 8vo, with 1.53 piates, many finely 
 coloured (pub. at U. 5s.), gilt cloth, 21. 12s. 6d. 1830-33 
 
 HOOKER'S FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA ; OR, THE BOTANY OF BRITISH 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. Illustrated by 24fl plates, complete in Twelve Parts, royal 4to, (pub. 
 at 12/. 12s.), 8/. The Twehe Parts complete, done up in 2 vols, royal 4to, extra cloth, 8/. 
 
 1829-40 
 
 HUISH ON BEES; THEIR NATURAL HISTORY AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT. 
 New and irreatly improved Edition, containing also the latest Discoveries and Improvements 
 in every department of the Apiary, with n description of the most approved Hives now in use, 
 thick 12mo, Portrait and numerous Woodcuts (pub. at 10*. 6</. ), cloth, gill, 6s. 6rf. 1S44 
 
 JOHNSON'S GARDENER, complete in 12 vols, with numerous woodcuts, containing the 
 Potato, one vol. — Cucumber, one vol. — Grape Vine, two vols.- Auricula ami Asparagus, one 
 vol.- Pine Apple, two vols. — Strawberry, one vol.— Dahlia, one vm. Peach, one vol. — Apple, 
 two vols. — together 12 vols. l2mo, woodcuts (pub. at It. Ms.), cloth, 12*. 1847 
 
 either of the volumes may be had separately (pub. at 2s. fin". ), at 1*. 
 
 JOHNSONS DICTIONARY OF MODERN G£ RDEN'NG, numerous Woodcuts, very 
 thick 12mo, cloth lettered i puh. ar 10*. 6rf.), 4*. A comprehensive anil eleuant volume. 1846 
 
 LATHAMS GENERAL HISTORY OF BiRDS Being the Natural Historv and Descrip- 
 tion of a 1 the Birds .above four thousand) hitherto known oi described by Na'uralists, with 
 the Synonymes of preceding Writers, the second enlarged and improved Edition, compre- 
 hending all 'he discoveries in Ornithology subsequent to the former publication, ami a General 
 Index, II *»ls. in M, (to. with upwards of 200 coloured Prates, lettered (pub. al 26i. s*.), cloth, 
 11. 1"«. >,"'. tt'imrhrster, 1021-20. The same with the plates exquisitely coloured like drawings, 
 11 vols, in W, eie?antly half bound, green morocco, trill edges, 12/. 12s. 
 
 TWIN'S NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIRDS OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 Third Edition, with an Index of the Scientific Names and Synonymes by Mr. Gould and Mr. 
 Evt'in, folio, 27 piates, coloured (pub. at it. is.), hi. hd. morocco, 2Z. 2*." 1838 
 
 LINDLEYS BRITISH FRUITS; OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST 
 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FRUIT CULTIVATED IN GREAT BRITAIN. 3 vols, 
 loyal 8vo, containing l"2 most beautifully coloured plates, chiefly by Mks. Withers, Artist 
 to'the Kortic u.turai Society (pub. at 10/. ins. ), half bound, murocco extra, gilt edges, 5/. 5*. 
 
 1841 
 "This is an exquisitely beautiful work. Every plate is like a Tiighly finished drawing, 
 similar to thus- in the Horticultural Transactions." 
 
 LINDLEYS CIGiTALIUM MONOGRAPH1A. Folio, 28 plates of the Foxglove (pub. at 
 it. «*. i cloth, it. 11.. 6d. 
 
 the same, the piates beautifully coloured (pub. at 61. 6s.), cloth, 21. 12s. 6d. 
 
 LOUDONS MPS.: ENTERTAINING NATURALIST, being Popular Descriptor*, 
 Tales, i more than Five Hundred Animals, comprehending all the Quadrupeds, 
 
 Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, Insects, Xc. o< which a knowledge is indispensable in polite educa- 
 tion. ' if Scientific ai ! Popular Names, an Explaration ol Terms, and an Ap~ 
 pemli:. of Palm Ions Animals, illustrated by upwards of .son beautiful woodcuts by Bewick, 
 H.AKvtY, Whimpkr, and others. New Edition, revised, enlarged, and corrected to the 
 present state of Zoological Know edire. In one thick vol. post Svo. gilt cloth, 7s. M. 1850 
 
 LOUDON'S J. C. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, or the 
 Trees and Shrubs of Britain, Native and Foreign, delineated and described; with their propa- 
 gation, culture, management, and uses. Second improved Edition, 8 vols. Svo, with above 
 400 plates of trees, and up*ard» of 2J00 woodcut*. of trees and shrubs (pub. at 10/.), it. 6*. 1844 
 
12 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 MANTELL'S (DR.) NF.W GEOLOGICAL WORK. THE MEDALS OF CREATION 
 or First Lessons in Geology, arid in the Study of Organic Remains; including Geological Ex' 
 cursions to the Isle of Sheppey, Brighton, Lewes, Tilgate Forest, Charnwood Forest, Farring- 
 don, Swindon, Calne, Bath, Bristol, Clifton, Matlock, Cricli Hill, &c. By Gideon ALGEir 
 XON Mantei.i., Esq., LL.l)., F.R.S., &c. Two thick vols, foolscap 8vo, with coloured 
 Plates, and several hundred beautiful Woodcuts of Fossil Remains, cloth gilt, 12, Is. 1814 
 
 MANTELL'S WONDERS OF GEOLOGY, or a Familiar Exposition of Geological Phe- 
 nomena. Sixth greatly enlarged and improved Edition. 2 vols, post Svo, coloured Plates, and 
 upwards of 200 Woodcuts, gilt cloth, 18s. ltU8 
 
 MANTELL'S GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION ROUND THE ISLE OF WIGHT, 
 
 and along the adjacent Coast of Dorsetshirs. In 1 vol. post Svo, with numerous beautifully 
 executed Woodcuts, and a Geological Map, cloth gilt, 12s. 1847 
 
 MUDIE'S NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS: OR, THE FEATHERED 
 TRIBES CF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. 2 vols. Svo. New Edition, the Plates beauti- 
 fully coloured (pub. at XL. 8s.), cloth gilt, 10s. 1835 
 "This is, without any exception, the most truly charming work on Ornithology which has 
 hitherto appeared, from the days of Wi'loughhy downwards. Other authors describe, 
 Mudie paints; other authors give the husk, Mudie the kernel. We most heartily concur 
 with the opinion expressed of this work by Leigh Hunt (a kindred spirit ) in the first few 
 numbers of his right pleasant London Journal. The descriptions of Bewick, Pennant. 
 Lewin, Montagu, and even Wilson, will not for an instant stand comparison with the 
 spirit-stirring emanations of Mudie's ' living pen,' as it has been called. We are not ac- 
 quainted with any author who so felicitously unites beauty of style witb strength and nerve 
 of expression ; he does not specify, but paints." — Wood's OrnUholoyical Guide. 
 
 RICHARDSON'S GEOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS, comprising a familiar Explanation of 
 Geology and its associate Sciences, Mineralogy, Physical Geology, Fossil Conchology, Fossil 
 Botany, and Paleontology, including Directions for forming Collections, &c. By G. F. 
 .Richardson, F.G.S. (formerly with Dr. Mantel], now of the British Museum). Second 
 Edition, considerably enlarged and improved. One thick vol. post 8vo, illustrated by upwards 
 of 260 Woodcuts (pub. at 10s. Gd.), cloth, 7s. Sd. 1846 
 
 SELBY'S COMPLETE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. A most magnificent work of the 
 Figures of British Birds, containing exact and faithful representations in their full natural size, 
 of all the known species found in Great Britain, 333 Figures in 228 beautifully coloured Plates. 
 2 vols, elephant folio, elegantly half bound morocco (pub. at 105/.), gilt back and gilt edges, 
 31/. 10s. 1834 
 
 "The grandest work on Ornithology published in this country, the same for British Birds 
 that Audubon's is for the birds of America. Every figure, excepting in a very few instances of 
 extremelv large birds, is of the full natural size, beautifully and accurately drawn, with all the 
 spirit of life."— Ornithologist's Text Hoolc. 
 
 " What a treasure, during a rainy forenoon in the country, is such a gloriously illuminated 
 work as this oi Mr. Seltiy ! It is," without doubt, the most splendid of the kind ever published 
 in Britain, and will stand' a comparison, without any eclipse of its lustre, with the most magni- 
 ficent ornithological illustrations of the French school. Mr. Selby has long and deservedly 
 ranked high as a scientific naturalist." — Blackwood's Magazine. 
 
 SELBY'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. 2 vols. Svo. Second 
 Edition (puh. at It. Is.), boards, 12s. 1833 
 
 SIBTHORP'S FLORA GR/ECA. The most costly and magnificent Botanical work ever pub- 
 lished. 10 vols, folio, with 1000 beautifully coloured Plates, half bound morocco, publishing 
 by subscription, and the number strictly limited to those subscribed for (puh. at 252/. ), 63/. 
 
 Separate Prospectuses of this work are now ready for delivery. Only forty copies of the 
 original stock exist. No greater number of subscribers' names can therefore be received. 
 
 SIBTHORPS FLOR/E GR/EC/E PRODROMUS. Sive Plantarum omnium Enumeratio, 
 quas in Provinces aut lnsulis Graci.e invenit Joh. Sibthorp: Characteres et Synonyma 
 omnium cum Annotationibus Jac. Edy. Smith. Four parts, in 2 thick vols, 8vo (pub. at 
 21. 2s.), 14s. Lortdiui, 1810 
 
 SOWERBY'S MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Containing a complete Introduction to the 
 Science, illustrated by upwards of 650 Figures of Shells, etched on copper-plates, in which the 
 most characteristic examples are given of all the Genera established up to the present time, 
 arranged in Lamarckian Order, accompanied by copious Explanations; Observations respect- 
 ing tiie Geographical or Geological distribution of each; Tabular Views of the Systems of 
 Lamarck and be Blainville; a Glossary of Technical Terms, &c. New Edition, considerably 
 enlarged and improved, with numerous Woodcuts in the text, now first added, 8vo, cloth, 18s. 
 The plates coloured, cloth, I/. 10s. 1846 
 
 SOWERBY'S qONCHOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIONS; OR, COl^RVT) FIGURES 
 OF ALL THE HITHERTO UNF1GURE1) SHELLS, complete in 'mm o.rells, Svo, compris- 
 ing ueveral thousand Figures, in parts, all beautifully coloured (pub. at 15/.), 71. 10s. 1815 
 
 SPRY'S BRITISH COLEOPTERA DELINEATED; containing Figures ana Descriptions 
 
 of all the Genera oi L'.itif.h Beetles, edited by Shuckard, 8vo. with 94 plates, comprising 08» 
 figures of Beetles, beautifully and most accurately drawn (pub. at A. **.), cloth, 1/. Is. 1840 
 "The most perfect work vet published in this department of British Entomology.*' 
 
 STEPHENS' 8RITISH ENTOMOLOGY, 12 vols 8vo, loo coloured Plates (pub.at2lM, 
 half bound, 8/. 8s. 1828-46 
 
 .—Or sepaiateiy. Lepidoptera, 4 vols. 4/. 4s. Coleoptera, 5 vols. it. 4s. DkrmapterjV, 
 Ojhtiioi'., Ni.un.ojr . Sic , I vol 11 u 'dvntkiin tw, 2 vols. 21. in, 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 13 
 
 SWAINSON'S EXOTIC CONCHOLOGY; OR, FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF 
 RARE, BEAUTIFUL, OR UNDESCRU1ED SHELLS. Royal 4to, coniuuint; "4 large and 
 beautifully coloured figures of Shells, half bound mor. gilt edges (pub. at 51 5sj, 2t. 12a. 6d. 
 
 SWAINSON'S ZOOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIONS; OR, ORIGINAL FIGURES AND 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, RARE, OR INTERESTING ANIMALS, selected chiefly 
 from the Class»s of Ornithology, Entomology, and Conchoiogy. li vols, royal svo, containing 
 318 linely coloured plates (pub. at 161. lbs.), half bound morocco, tdlt edges, 9/. 9s. 
 
 SWEET'S FLORA AUSTRALASICA; OR. A SELECTION OF HANDSOME OR 
 CURIOUS PLANTS, Natives of New Holland and the South Sea Islands. In Nos. for ting 
 1 vol. royal 8vo, coiupiete, with 56 beautifully coloured plates (pub. at 3u. las.), cloth, U. 16s. 
 
 1827-28 
 
 SWEET'S CISTiNE/E; OR, NATURAL ORDER OF CISTUS, OR ROCK ROSE. 30 
 Ncs. furming 1 vol. royal 8vo, complete, with 112 beautifully coloured plates (ptib. at 51. 5*.), 
 cloth, 2/. 12*. M. 1828 
 
 "One of the most interesting, and hitherto the scarcest of Mr. Sweet'a oeautLHii publications." 
 
 Jiltscellancous (Snail's!) Uttcramre, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, POKTRY AND THE 
 DRAMA, MORALS, AND MISCELLANIKS. 
 
 BACON'S WORKS, both English and Latin. With an Introductory Essay, and copious 
 Indexes. Complete in 2 large vols, imperial 8vo, Portrait (pub. at 2t. 2.«*.), cloth, 1/. 16s. 1838 
 
 BACON'S ESSAYS AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, with Memoir and Notes 
 by Dr. Taylor, square 12ino, with 34 Woodcuts (pub. at is.), ornamental wrapper, 2s. 6d. 
 
 1849 
 
 BANCROFT'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Discovery of the 
 American Continent. Twelfth Edition, 3 vols, 8vo (published at 21. IDs.), cloth, It. 11*. (id. 
 
 1847 
 
 BATTLES OF THE BRITISH NAVY, from A.r>. looo to 1840. By Joseph Alien, of 
 Greenwich Hospital. 2 thick elegantly printed vols, foolscap 8vo, illustrated by 24 Portraits 
 of British Admirals, beautifully engraved on Steel, and numerous Woodcuts of Battles (pub. 
 at 11. 1*.), cloth gilt, 14s. 1S42 
 
 "These volumes are invaluable; they contain the very pith and marrow of our best Naval 
 Histories and Chronicles." — Sim. 
 
 "The best and most complete repository of the triumphs of the British Navy which has yet 
 issued from the press." — United Service Gazette. 
 
 BORDERER'S, THE TABLE BOOK, or Gatherings of the Local Historv and Romance of 
 
 the English and Scottish horders, by M. A. Richabdsok (of Newcastle), 8 vols, hound in 4, 
 
 royal svo, Illustrated with nearly lout) interesting Woodcuts, extra cloth (pub. at ,'i/. 10s.), 
 
 It. lis. Newcastle, 1846 
 
 *»* One oi the cheapest and most attractive sets of books imaginable. 
 
 GOSY/ELLS LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON; BY THE RIGHT HON. J. C. CROKER, 
 Incorporating his 'four to the Hebrides, and accompanied by the Commentaries of all pie- 
 <' y Editors: with numerous additional Notes and Illustrative Anecdotes; to which are 
 added Two Supplementary Volumes of Anecdotes by Haivxi.xs, Piozzr, Murphy, Tykhs, 
 Reynolds, Stkeykks, and others. 10 vols. 12mo, illustrated by upwards of 50 Views, Por- 
 t! -.rs. and Sheets of Autographs, iinely engra\ed on Steel, from Drawings by Stanfield, Hard- 
 im.-, :. c... cloth, reduced to 1/. 10*. 184g 
 This new, improved, and greatly enlarged edition, beautifully printed in the popular form ol 
 Sir Walter Scott, and Byron's Works, is just such an edition as Dr. Johnson himself loved and 
 recommended. In o:,e of the Ana recorded in the supplementary volumes of the present edi- 
 tion, lie sajs: " Books that you may carry to the fire, and hold readily in your band, are the 
 most useful aflcr all. Such books form the mass of general and easy reading." 
 
 BOURRIENNES MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON, one stout, closely, but elegantly printed 
 vol., ioniser;, liiino, with line equestrian Portrait of Napoleon and Frontispiece (pub. at .5s.), 
 cloth, .:«. .,</.' 1814 
 
 BRITISH ESSAYISTS, viz., Spectator, Taller, Guardian, Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and 
 Connoiseur. .i thick \ols. svo, portraits (pub. at 21. bt.), cloth, 11. it. Either volume may be 
 had separate. 
 
 BRITISH FOETS, CABINET EDITION, containing the complete works of the principal 
 English poets, ;rom Mi, ton to Kirke White. 4 vols, post 8vo (size of Standard Library) 
 pruned in a very small but beautiful tM-i. 21 Medallion Portraits (pub. at 21. **.), cloth, 15*. 
 
14 
 
 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 BROUGHAM'S (LORD) POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, and Essay onthc British Consttt*- 
 tion, 3 vols. 8vo (pub. at U. 11*. Gd.), cloth, 11. I*. 1844-6 
 
 i British Constitution (a portion of the preceding work), 8vo. cloth, 3*. 
 
 BROUGHAM'S (LORD) HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF STATESMEN, and other 
 
 Public Characters of the time of George III. Vol. III. royal 8vo, with io fine portraits 
 (pub. at U. Is.), cloth, 13*. 6<i. 1848 
 
 BROUGHAMS (LORD) LIVES OF MEN OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE, Who 
 
 flourished in the time of George III, royal 8vo, with 10 fine portraits (pub. at U. 1*.), cloth, 12*. 
 
 1845 
 — « — the same, also with the portraits, demy 8vo (pub. at 11. 1*.), cloth, 10s. Gd. 1S46 
 
 -BROWNE'S (SIR THOMAS) WORKS, COMPLETE, including his Vulgar Errors ' 
 Religio Medici, Urn Burial, Christian Morals, Correspondence, Journals, and Tracts, many Of 
 them hitherto unpublished. The whole collected and edited by Sijion Wilkin, F.L.S. 4 
 vols. 8vo, fine Portrait (pub. at 21. 8*.), cloth, XL. 11*. Gd. PirKeriny, 1836 
 
 "Sir Thomas Browne, the contemporary of Jeremy Taylor, Hooke, Bacon, Selden, and 
 Robert Burton, is undoubtedly one of tit? most eloquent and" poetical of that great literary era 
 His thoughts are often truly sublime, ana always conveyed in the most impressive language.'* 
 — Chambers ^ 
 
 BUCKINGHAM'S AMERICA; HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE, 
 viz.: Northern States, 3 vols.; Eastern and Western Mates, 3 vols.; Southern or Slave States, 
 2 vols.; Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the other British Provinces in North 
 America, 1vol. Together 9 stout vols. 8vo, numerous fine Engravings (pub. at GL. 10*. Gd.), 
 Cloth, 21. 12*. Gd. 1841-43 
 
 "Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately through the States, treating of all, historically and sta- 
 tistically — of their rise and progress, their manufactures, trade, population, topography, fer- 
 tility, resources, morals, manners, education, and so forth. His volumes wiU be found a store- 
 house ol' knowledge." 4therupum. 
 
 "A very entire and comprehensive view of the United States, diligently collected by a man 
 of great aculeness and observation." — Literary Gazette. 
 
 BURKE'S (EDMUND) WORKS With a Biographical and Critical Introduction by Rogers. 
 2 vols, imperial Svo, closely but handsomely printed (pub. at 21. 2s.), cloth, 11. io*. 1841 
 
 BURKES ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF HERALDRY; OR, GENERAL ARMOURY 
 
 OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND. Comprising a Registry of all Armorial 
 Bearings, Crests, and Mottoes, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, including the 
 late Grants by the College of Arms. With an Introduction to Heraldry, and a Dictionary of 
 Terms. Third Edition, with a Supplement. One very large vol. imperial 8vo, beautifully 
 printed in small type, in double columns, by Whittingham, embellished with an elaborate 
 Frontispiece, richlv illuminated in gold and colours; also Woodcuts (pub. at 21. 2s. ), cloth 
 gilt, It. i*. 1844 
 
 The most elaborate and useful Work of the kind ever published. It contains upwards of 
 30,ono armorial bearings, and incorporates all that have hitherto been given by Guillim, Ed- 
 mondson, Collins, Nishet, Berry, Robson, and others; besides many thousand names which 
 have never appeared in any previous Work. This volume, in fact, ill a small compass, hut 
 ■without abridgment, contains more than four ordinary quartos. 
 
 BURNS' WORKS, WITH LIFE BY ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, AND NOTES BY 
 SIR. WALTER SCOTT, CAMPBELL, WORDSWORTH, LOCKHART, &c. Royal 8vo, 
 fine Portrait and Plates (pub. at 18*.), cloth, uniform with Byron, 10*. Gd. 1842 
 
 This is positively the only complete edition of Burns, in a single volume, Svo. It contains 
 rot only every scrap which Burns ever wrote, whether prose or verse, but also a considerable 
 number of Scotch national airs, collected ami illustrated by him (not given elsewhere) and full 
 and interesting accounts of the occasions and circumstances of his various writings. The 
 very complete and interesting Life by Allan Cunningham alone occupies 1(54 pages, and the 
 Indices and Glossary are very copious. The whole forms a thick elegantly printed volume, 
 extending in all to 848 pages. The other editions, including one published in similar shape, 
 with an abridgment of the Life by Allan Cunningham, comprised in only 47 pages, and the 
 ■whole volume in only 504 pages, do not contain above two-thirds of the above. 
 
 CAMPBELL'S LIFE AND TIMES OF PETRARCH. With Notices of Boccaccio and his 
 Illustrious Contemporaries. Second Edition. 2 vols. Svo, fine Portraits and Plates (pub. at 
 li, 11*. Gd. ), cloth, 12*. 1843 
 
 CARY'S EARLY FRENCH POETS, a Series of Notices and Translations, with an Intro- 
 ductory Sketch of the History of French Poetry; Edited by his Son, the Rev. Henry Cart. 
 foolscap, 8vo, cloth, is. 1846 
 
 CARYS LIVES OF ENGLISH POETS, supplementary to Dr. Johnson's "Lives." 
 Edited by his Son, foolscap Svo, cloth. Is. 1846 
 
 CHATHAM PAPERS, being the Correspondence of William Pitt, Ear! of Chatham 
 Edited by the Executors of his Son, John Earl of Chatham, and published from the Origina. 
 Manuscripts in their possessiou. 4 vols. 8vo (pub. at 3/. 12*.), cloth, U. is. 
 
 Murray, 1838-40 
 
 "A production of greater historical interest could hardly be imagined. It is a standard 
 work, which will directly pass into every library."— Literary Gu.-ette. 
 
 "There is hardly any man in modern times who fills so large a space in our history, and of 
 whom me know so little, as Lord Chatham; he was the greatest Statesman and Orator that 
 this country ever psrodiiced. We regard this Work, therefore, as one of the greatest valo*."-' 
 £<ii*burgk A«uo». m 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BT H. G. BOHN. 
 
 CHATTERTON'S WORKS, both Prose and Poetical, including his Letters; with Notices 
 of his Life. History or" the Rowley Controversy, and Notes Critical auo. Explanatory. 2 vol's 
 post 8vo, elegantly printed, with Engraved Fac-similes of Chatterton's Handwriting and the 
 Ron : ov MSS. (pub. at 15s.), cloth, ys. Large Paper, 2 vols, crown 8vo (pub. at 1/. Is.), cloth, 
 It*. 1842 
 
 " Warton, Malone, Croft, Dr. Knox, Dr. Sherwin, and others, in prose; end Scott, Words- 
 Vorth, Kirke White. Montgomery, Shelley, Coleridge, and Keats, in verse; haye conferred 
 Jastins immortality upon the Poems of Chatterton." 
 
 "Chatterton's was a genius 1 e that of Homer and Shakspeare, which appears not above 
 once in many centuries." — I'icenmus Knox. 
 
 CLARKES (DR. E. D.) TRAVELS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES OF EUROPE. 
 ASIA, AND AFRICA, 11 vols. 8vo . maps and plates (pub. at lot. ), cloth, 31. 3s. 1827-34 
 
 CLASSIC TALES, Cabinet Edition, comprising the Vicar of Wakefield, Elizabeth, Paul and 
 Virginia, Gulliver's Travels, Sterne's Sentimental Journey, Sorrows of Werter, Theodosius 
 ami Constantia, Castle of Otranto, and Rasselas, complete in 1 vol. 12mo. ; 7 medallion por- 
 traits (pub. at 10.?. 6d.), cloth, 3s. Gci. 
 
 COLMAN'S (GEORGE) POETICAL WORKS, containing his Broad Grins. Vagaries, and 
 Eccent.-icities, 24mo, woodcuts (pub. at 2s. 6d.), cloth, Is. 6d. 1840 
 
 COOPERS [J. F.) HISTORY OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES OF 
 AMERICA, from the Earliest Perioo to the Peace of 1S15, 2 vols, Svo (pub. at 11. 10s.), gilt 
 cloth, 12s. 1833 
 
 COPLEYS '.FORMERLY MRS HEWLETT) HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND ITS 
 ABOLITION. Second Edition, with an Appendix, thick small 8vo, fine Portrait of 
 Clarkson I pub. a: tjs. ), cloth. 4*. 6<i. 1839 
 
 COSTELLOS SPECIMENS OF THE EARLY FRENCH POETRY, from the time of 
 the Troubadours to the Reign of Henry IV, post 8vo, with 4 Plates, splendidly illuminated iH 
 gold and colours, cloth gilt, lSJ-s. 1835 
 
 COWPERS COMPLETE WORKS, EDITED BY SOUTHEY; comprising his Poems, 
 Correspondence, and Translations; with a Lite of the Author. 15 vols, post 8vo, embellished 
 with, numerous exquisite Engravings, alter the designs of Habvuy (pub. at 31. 15s.), cloth, 
 2L 5a. 1835-37 
 
 This is the only complete edition of Cowper's Works, prose and poetical, which has ever 
 been given to the' world. Many of them are still exclusively copyright, and consequently 
 cannot appear in any other edition. 
 
 CRAWFURDS (J.) EMBASSY TO SIAM AND COCHIN-CHINA. 2 vols. 8vo, 
 Maps, and 25 Plates (pub. at XL lis. Gd.), cl;tl, 12s. 1839 
 
 CRAWFURDS EMBASSY TO AVA, with an Appendix on Fossil Remains by Professor 
 BrcKLAMi. 2 vols. Svo, with 13 Maps, Plates, and Vignettes (pub. at U. lis. 6d.), cloth, 
 124. 1834 
 
 CRUIKSHANKS THREE COURSES AND A DESSERT. A Series of Tales, in Three 
 Sets, viz., Irish. Legal, and Miscellaneous. Crown Svo, with 51 extremely clever and comic 
 Illustrations (publishing in the Illustrated Library at 5s.) 
 
 "This is an extraordinary performance. Such an union of the painter, the poet, and the 
 novelist, in one person, is unexampled. A tithe of the talent that goes to making the stories 
 would set up a dozen of annual writers, and a tithe of the inventive genius that is displayed in 
 the illustrations would furnish a galiery." — Spectator. 
 
 OAVIS'S SKETCHES OF CHINA, During an Inland Journey of Four Months; with an 
 Account of the War. Two vols., post Svo. with a new map of China (pub. at His. ), cloth, 3s. 
 
 1841 
 
 DIBDINS BIBLIOMANIA: OR BOOK-MADNESS. A Bibliographical Romance. New 
 Edition, with considerable Additions, including a Key to the assumed Characters in the 
 Drama, and a Supplement. 2 vols, royal Svo, handsomely printed, embellished by numerous 
 Woodcuts, many of which are now Mrst "added (pub. at 3/. 3s.), cloth, It. lis. 6d. Large Paper, 
 imperial 8vo, of which only verv few copies were printed (pub. at 5/. 5*.), cloth, 31. 13s. 6d. 
 
 1842 
 This celehrated Work, which unites the entertainment of a romance with the most valuable 
 information on al! hihliosraphical subjects, has long been very scarce and sold for considerable 
 cmi- the small paper for 8/. s.f . and the large paper for upwards ol 50 guineas I I ! 
 
 DIBDIN'S iCHARLES SONGS, Admiralty edition, complete, with a Memoir by T. 
 Dibmn, illustrated with 12 Characteristic Sketches, engraved on Steel by Gkokgk Cruik- 
 shank, 12iio, cloth lettered. 5s. 1848 
 
 DOMESTIC COOKERY, by a Lady (Mrs. Rwdell) New Edition, with numerous additional 
 Receipts, by Mrs. Bik.ch, 12mo.. with y plates |pub. at Gs.) cloth, 3s. 1846 
 
 DRAKE'S SHAKSFEARE AND HIS TIMES, including the Biography of the Poet, 
 Criticisms on bis Genius and Writings, a new Chronology of his Plays, and a History of the 
 Manners. Customs, and Amusements, Superstitions, Poetry, and Literature of the Elizabethan 
 Era. 2 vols. 4tu .above Utoi pasres), with fine Portrait and a Plate of Autographs (pub. at 
 SI. 5s.), cloth, U. Is. 1817 
 
 " A i- r j urodurtion, the publication of which will form an epoch in the Shaksperian biB- 
 torr of tfiis country. It ccx.prises aiso a complete and critical analysis of all the Plays and 
 Poems ol Shaksj.eare , and a comprcnensive and powerful sketch of the contemporary litera- 
 ture." — Gcnttevtan'* Jdagnzine. 
 
CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 ENGLISH CAUSES CELEBRES, OR, REMARKABLE TRIALS. Square l2mo, (pub. 
 at 4s.), ornamental wrapper, 2s. 1844 
 
 FENN5 PASTON LETTERS, Original Letters of the Paston Family, written during tho 
 Reigns of Henry Vi, Edward IV, and Richard III, by various Persons of Rank and Conse- 
 quence, chiefly on Historical Subjects. New Edition, with Notes and Corrections, complete, 
 2 vols, bound in 1, square 12mo (pub. at 10s.), cloth gilt, 5s. Quaintly bound in maroon 
 morocco, carved boards, in the early style, gilt edges, 15s. 1849 
 
 I'be original edition of this very curious and interesting series of historical Letters is a rare 
 book, and sells for upwards often guineas. The present is not an abridgment, as might he 
 supposed from its form, but gives the whole matter by omitting the duplicate version of the 
 letters written in an obsolete language, and adopting only the more modern, readable version 
 published by Fenn. 
 
 " The Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progressive condition of society, and 
 come in as a precious link in the chain of the moral history of England, which they alone in 
 this period supply. They stand indeed singly in Europe."— Ilallam. 
 
 FIELDING'S WORKS, EDITED BY ROSCOE, COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME. 
 (Tom Jones, Amelia, Jonathan Wild, Joseph Andrews, Plays, Essays, and Miscellanies.) 
 Medium 8vo, with 20 capital Plates by Cruikshank .pub. at 11. is.), cloth gilt, 14s. 1848 
 
 "Of all tlie works of imagination to which English genius has given origin, the writings of 
 Henry Fielding are perhaps most decidedly and exclusively her own." — Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 "The prose Homer of human nature." — Lord Byron. 
 
 FOSTER'S ESSAYS ON DECISION OF CHARACTER; on a Man's Writing Memoirs 
 of Himself; on tlie epithet Romantic; on the Aversion of Men of Paste to Evangelical Reli- 
 gion, &c. Fcap. 8vo, Eighteenth Edition (pub. at Gs.), cloth, 5s. 1848 
 " I have read with the greatest admiration the Essays of Mr. Foster. He is one of the most 
 profound and eloquent writers that England has produced." — Sir James Mackintosh. 
 
 FOSTER'S ESSAY ON THE EVILS OF POPULAR IGNORANCE. New Edition, 
 
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18 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 JOHNSTON'S TRAVELS IN SOUTHERN A3YSSINIA, tbrougfc the Country of Ada!, 
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20 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
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 sophy. Ninth Edition. 12mo, cloth, 4s. 1849 
 
 TAYLOR S HSAAC) ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY, AND THE DOCTRINES OF THE 
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 TAYLOR'S (ISAAC) LECTURES ON SPIRITUAL CHRISTIANITY. 8vo (pub. at 
 
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 TOMLINE'S (BISHOP) ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY, Fourteenth 
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 atli. Is.), 10s. Gd. 
 
 ~OM LINE'S (BISHOP) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE, 
 OR ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY. Containing Proofs of the Authenticity 
 and Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; a Summary of the History of the Jews; an Account of 
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 No.v Testaments. Nineteenth Edition, elegantly printed on fine paper. 12mo, (pub. at 5s. 6(/. ), 
 cloth, 3s. Gd. 1844 
 
 "Well adapted as a manual for students in divinity, and may be read with advantage by the 
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 WADDIN.GTON'S (DtAN OF DURHAM) HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, 
 
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 WADDINGTON'S (DEAN OF DURHAM) HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, 
 DURING THE REFORMATION. 3 vols. 8vo (pub. at \l. lis. Gd.), cloth boards, 18s. 1841 
 
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 6s.' giit cloth, 2s. 6c. 1845 
 
 WILLMOTTS (R. A.) PICTURES CF CHRISTIAN LIFE. 7cap. Svo (pub. at«t.), 
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26 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 Jforngn ^Languages an& ^Literature; 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 CLASSICS AND TRANSLATIONS, CLASSICAL CRITICISM, DICTION. 
 ARIES, GRAMMARS, COLLEGE AND SCHOOL BOOKS. 
 
 ATLASES— WILKINSON'S CLASSICAL AND SCRIPTURAL ATLAS, with Histo- 
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 (pun. at 21. 4*.), hall hound morocco, U. lis. dd. 1842 
 
 WILKINSON'S GENERAL ATLAS. New and Improved Edition, with all the Railroad! 
 
 inserted. Population according to the last Census, Parliamentary Returns, &c. imperial 4to, 
 40 Maps, coloured (pub. at It. Ids.), half bound morocco, U. 5s. 1843 
 
 AINSWORTHS LATIN DICTIONARY, by Dr. Jamiesox, an enlarged Edition, contain- 
 ing all the words of the Quarto Dictionary. Thick Svo, neatly bound (pub. at 14*.), 9ft 184? 
 
 BENTLEY'S (RICHARD) WORKS. Containing Dissertations upon the Epistles of Phalaris, 
 Themistocles, Socrates, Euripides, and the Fables of ffisop; E pistols ad Jo. Millium; Ser- 
 mons; Boyle Lecture; Remarks oil Free-thinking; Critical Works, &c. Edited, with copious 
 Indices and Notes, by the Rev. Alexander Dycje. 3 vols. Svo; a beautifully printed Edition 
 (pub. at It. 18i.), cloth, 11. Is. 1836-38 
 
 BIBLIA KEBRAICA, EX EDITIONE VANDER HOOGHT. Recognovit J. D. Am.b- 
 ma.vd. Very thick 8vo, handsomely printed (pub. at 1/. 5s.), cloth, 10a. Gd. Land. Duncan, 1850 
 
 BIOGRAPHIE UNIVERSELLE, Ancienne et Moderne. Nouvelle Edition, revue, corrigee et 
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 BOURNES (VINCENT) POETICAL WORKS, Latin and English, 18mo (pub. at 3*. Gd.), 
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 — the same, large paper, an elegant volume, 12mo (pub. at 5s.), cloth, 3s. Gd. 1838 
 
 CICEROS LIFE, FAMILIAR LETTERS, AND LETTERS TO ATTICUS, 
 
 by M niiii.ETo.N, Mej.moth, and Hebebben, complete in one thick vol. royal 8vo, portrait, 
 (pub. at 1/. 4s.), cloth, 12s. ■ 1848 
 
 CORPUS POETARUWI LATINORUM. Edidit G. S. Walker. Complete in 1 very thick 
 vol. royal Svo (pub. at 21. 2s.), cloth, 18s. 
 
 This comprehensive volume contains a library of the poetical Latin classics, correctly 
 printed from the best texts, viz: — 
 
 Catullus, Virgil, Lucan, Sulpicia, Calpurnius Siculus, 
 
 Tibullus, Ovid, Persius, Statius, Ausonius, 
 
 Propertius, Horace, Juvenal Silius Italicus, Claudlau. 
 
 Lucretius, Pha:drus, Martial, Valerius Flaccus, 
 
 DAM Ml I LEXICON GR/ECUM, HOMERICUM ET PINDARICUM. Cura Dwcajt, 
 royal 4to, New Edition, printed on fine paper (pub. at 51. 5s.), cloth, It Is. 1842 
 
 " An excellent work , the merits of which have been universally acknowledged by literary 
 characters."— Dr. Dibiiin. 
 
 DEMOSTHENES, translated by Leland, the two vols. 8vo, complete in 1 vol. 12mo, hand- 
 somely printed in double columns, in pearl type, portrait (pub. at 5s.), cloth, 3s. 
 
 DONNEGAN'S GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON, enlarged; with examples, literally 
 translated, selected from the classical authors. Fourth edition, considerably enlarged, care- 
 fully revised, and materially improved throughout; thick 8vo (1752 pages) (pub. at 21. 2s.), 
 cloth, It. Is. 1846 
 
 GAELIC ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-GAELIC DICTIONARY, with Examples, Phrases, 
 and Etymological Remarks, by two Members of the Highland Society. Complete in 1 thick 
 vol. Svo. New Edition, containing manv rnore words than the 4to Edition (pub. at It Is.), 
 cloth, 10*. e,d. 1815 
 
 GRAGLIAS ITALIAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-ITALIAN DICTIONARY, with a 
 
 compendious Italian Grammar and Supplementary Dictionary of Naval Terms, 18mo, roan 
 (pith, at 8s.), 4s. Gd. 1848 
 
 HERMANNS MANUAL OF THE POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF GREECE, 
 
 Historically considered, translated fr«m the German, 8vo (pub. at 15«.), cloth, 10s. 6d. 
 
 Oxford, Talboys, 1836 
 "Hermann's Manual of Greek Antiquities is most important."— ThirlwalPi Hist, of Greece, 
 vol. i. p. 443. 
 
 HERODOTUS, CARYS (REV. H.) GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO 
 
 H KRODOTUS, adapted to the Text of Gaisford and Baehr, and all other Editions, 8vo, cloth 
 (pub. at 12s. >, 8s. 
 
 LEMPRIERE'S CLASSICAL DICTIONARY. Miniature Edition, containing a full Acconat 
 of »ll the Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors, and much useful information reject- 
 ing the uses and habits of the Greeks and Romans. New and cemplete Edition, elegantly 
 printed in pearl tjroe, la 1 very thick vol. 18mo (pub. at 7s. Gd.), cloth, is. Gd. MM 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 27 
 
 LEE'S HEBREW GRAMMAR, compiled from the best Authorities, and principally from 
 Oriental Sources, designed for the use of Students in the Universities. New Edition, enriched 
 with much original matter. Sixth Thousand. 8vo (pub. at 12s.;, cloth, Ss. Land. Duncan, 1840 
 
 LEE'S HEBREW, CHALDEE, AND ENGLISH LEXICON. Compiled from the best 
 Authorities, Oriental and European, Jewish and Christian, including Buxtorf, Taylor, 
 Park hurst, and Gesexius; containing all the Words, with their Inflections, Idiomatic 
 Usages, &c. found in the Hebrew and Chaldee Text of the Old Testament, with numerous 
 corrections of former Lexicographers and Commentators, followed by an English Index, in 1 
 thick vol. 8vo. Third Thousand (pub. at U. 5s.), cloth, 15s. London, 1844 
 
 LEVERETT'S LATIN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON, compiled from 
 Facciolati and Scheller. Thick royal Svo (pub. at It. lis. 6d.), cloth, 1/. 3s. 1847 
 
 LIVII HISTORIA, EX RECENSIONS DRAKENBORCHII ET KREYSSIG;; 
 
 Et Annotationes Creviek.ii, StROTH :i. Rvperti, et aliorum ; Animadversiones Nieuvhrii, 
 Wachsmuthii, et suas addidit Travers Twiss, J. C. B. Coll. Univ. Oxon. Socius et Tutor, 
 Cum IndL'e amplissimo, 4 vols. Svo (pub. at 1/. 18s.), cloth, 11. 8s. Oxford, 1841 
 
 This is the best and most useful edition of Livy ever published in octavo, and it is preferred 
 in all our universities and classical schools. 
 
 LIVY. Edited by Prendeville. Livii Historiae libri quinque priores, with English Notes,' 
 by Prendeville. New Edition, 12mo, neatly bound in roan, is. 1845 
 
 the same, Books I to III, separately, cloth, 
 the same, Books IV and V, cloth, 3s. 6d. 
 
 NEWMAN'S PRACTICAL SYSTEM OF RHETORIC; or, the Principles and Rules of 
 Style, with Examples. Sixth Edition, 12mo (pub. at 5s. 6d.), cloth, 4s. 1846 i 
 
 NIEBUHR'S HISTORY OF ROME, epitomized (for the use of colleges and schools), with. 
 Chronological Tables and Appendix, bv Travers Twiss, B.C.D. complete in 2 vols, bound in' 
 
 I, Svo (pub. at It. Is.), cloth, 10s. M. Oxford, Talboys, 1837 
 "This edition by Mr. Twiss is a very valuable addition to classical learning, clearly and ably 
 
 embodying all the latest efforts of the laborious Niebuhr."— Literary Gazette. 
 
 OXFORD CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY, from the 
 earliest Period to the present Time; in which all the great Events, Civil, Religious, Scientific, 
 and Literary, of the various Nation" of the World are placed, at one view, under the eve of the 
 Reader in a Series of parallel columns, so as to exhibit the state of the whole Civilized World 
 at any epoch, and at the same time form a continuous chain of Historv, with Genealogical 
 Tables of all the principal Dynasties. Complete in 3 Sections; viz:— 1. Ancient History. 
 
 II. Middle Ages. III. Modern Historv. With a most complete Index to the entire work, 
 folio (pub. at 1/. 16s.), half bound morocco, U. Is. 
 
 The above is also sold separately, as follows :— 
 
 THE MIDDLE AGES AND MODERN HISTORY, 2 parts in 1, folio (pub. at 11. 2s. 5d.), 
 
 sewed, 15s. 
 MODERN HISTCP.T, folio (pub. at 12s.), sewed, Ss. 
 
 PLUTARCH'S LIVES, by the Langhornes. Complete in 1 thick vol. Svo (pub. at 15*.), 
 cloth, 7s. 6rf. 
 
 RAMSHORNS DICTIONARY OF LATIN SYNONYMES, for the Use of Schools and 
 Private Students. Translated and Edited by Dr. Lieber. Post Svo (pub. at 7s.), cloth, 4s. lid. 
 
 1841 
 
 RITTER'S HISTORY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY, translated from the German, by 
 A. J. W. Morrison, B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. 4 vols. Svo, now completed, with a 
 General Index, cloth, lettered (pub. at 3/. 4s.), 21. 2s. Oxford, 184S 
 
 The Fourth Volume may be had separately. Cloth, 16s 
 
 "An important work: it may be said to have superseded all the previous histories of philo- 
 sophy, and to have become the standard work on the subject. Mr. Johnson is also exempt 
 from the usual faults of translators."— Quarterly Review. 
 
 SCHCMANN'S HISTORY OF THE ASSEMBLIES OF THE ATHENIANS, 
 
 translated from the Latin, with »\ complete Index, Svo (pub. at 10s. 6d.), cloth, 5s. Comb. 1838 
 A book of the same school and character as the works of Heeren, Boechk, Sciilegejc, &c. 
 
 ELLENDTS GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO SOPHOCLES, translated bv 
 Cart. 8vo (pub. at 12s.), cloth, 6s. M. Oxford, Talboys, 1841 
 
 STUARTS HEBREW CHRESTOMATHY, desired as an Introduction to a Course of 
 
 Hebrew Study. Third Edition. 8vo (pub. at 14s.), cloth, 9$. Oxford, Tm.boys, 1834 
 
 This work, which was designed by its learned author to facilitate the study of Hebrew, has 
 
 had a very extensive sale in America. It forms a desirable adjunct to all Hebrew Orammars, 
 
 and is sufficient to complete the system of instruction in that language. 
 
 TACITUS, CUM NOTIS BROTIERI, CURANTE A. J. VALPY. Edltio nova, cum 
 
 Appendice. 4 vols. 8vo (pub. at 21. lt>«. ), cloth, U. 5s. 
 
 The most complete Edition. 
 
 TACITUS, A NEW AND LITERAL TRANSl ATION. 8to (pub. at ie..), cloth, ios.6* 
 
 Orfo^ Talboys, 1839. 
 
28 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 TENNEMANN'S MANUAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, translated from 
 the German, by the Rev. Arthur Johnson, M.A. P-<Wessor of Anglo-Saxon in the University 
 of Oxford. In 1 thick closely printed vol. 8vo (pub. at 14s.), boards, 9s. **rford, Talboy.i, 1832 
 " A work which marks out all the leading epochs in philosophy, and gives minute chronolo- 
 gical information concerning them, with biographical notices of the founders and followers of 
 the principal schools, ample texts of their works, and an account of the principal editions. In 
 a word, to the student of philosophy, I know of no work in English likely to prove half so use- 
 ful."— If ay ward, in his Translation of Goethe's Faust. 
 
 TERENTIUS, CUM NOTIS VARIORUM, CURA ZEUNII, cura Giles; acced. Index 
 copiosissimus. Complete in 1 thick vol. 8vo (pub. at 16s.), cioth, 8s. 1S3" 
 
 TURNER'S (DAWSON W.) NOTES TO HERODOTUS, for the Use of College 
 Students. 8vo, cloth, 12s. 1847 
 
 VALPY'S GREEK TESTAMENT, WITH ENGLISH NOTES, accompanied by parallel 
 passages from the Classics. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo, with 2 maps (pub. at 21.), cloth, 11. 5». 
 
 1847 
 
 VIRGIL. EDWARDS'S SCHOOL EDITION. Virg'.lii JEneis, cura Edwards, et Questi- 
 ones Virgilianac, or Notes and Questions, adapted to the middle forms in Schools, 2 vols, in 1, 
 12mo, bound in c.oth (pub. at (is. 6d.), 3s. 
 *** Either the Text or Questions may be had separately (pub. at 3s. 6d.), 2s. 6d. 
 
 WILSONS (JAMES, PROFESSOR OF FRENCH IN ST GREGORY'S COLLEGE) 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-FRENCH DICTIONARY, containing full Expla- 
 nations, Definitions, Synonyms, Idioms, Proverbs, Terms of Art and Science, and Rulers of 
 Pronunciation in each Language. Cod piled from the Dictionaries of the Academy, Bowyer, 
 Cham-baud, Garner, Laveaux, Des Carrieres anu Haix Johnson and Walker. 1 
 large closely printed vol. imperial 8vo (pub. at 21. 2s.), cloth, XL 8s. 1S41 
 
 XEr^OPHONTIS OPERA, GR. ET LAT. SCHNEIDERI ET ZEUNII, Accedit Index 
 (Porson and Elmsley's Edition), 10 vois,. 12mo, handsomelv printed in a large type, done up 
 in 5 vols. (pub. at il. 10s.), cloth, 18s. 1841 
 
 ■ The same, large paper, 10 vols, cr-own 8vo, done up in 5 vols, cloth, 12. 5s. 
 
 XEMOPHON'S WHOLE WORKS, translated by Spelman and others. The only complete 
 Editiou, 1 thick vol. 8vo, portrait (pub. at Ids.), cloth, 10*. 
 
 iEoutls, OTorlts of jptctton, Utgjjt Heading. 
 
 AINSWORTH'S WINDSOR CASTLE. An Historical Romance, Illustrated by Geoegs 
 Oruikshank and Tony Johannot. Medium 8vo, fine Portrait, and 105 Steel and Wood 
 Engravings, gilt, cloth, 5s. 1843 
 
 EREMER'S (MISS) HOME: OR, FAMILY CARES AND FAMILY JOYS, translated by 
 Mary Howitt. Second Edition, revised, 2 vols, post 8vo (pub. at 1/. Is.), cloth, 7*. M. 1843 
 
 THE. NEIGHBOURS, A STORY OF EVERY DAY LIFE. Translated by Mart 
 Howitt. Third Edition, revised. 2 vols, post 8vo (pub. at 18s.), cloth, 7s. 6d. 1843 
 
 T,RU!KSHANK "AT HOME;" a New Family Album of Endless Entertainment, consisting 
 of a Series of Tales and Sketches by the most popular Authors, with numerous clever and 
 humorous Illustrations on Wood, hv Cruikshank and Seymour. Also, CRUIKSHANK'S 
 ODD VOLUME, OR BOOK OF "VARIETY. Illustrated by Two Odd Fellows— S'ss'MOUH. 
 and Cruikshank. Together 4 vols, bound in 2, fcap. 8vo (pub. at 21. 18s.), cloth, gilt, 10s. ad. 
 
 1845 
 
 KOWITT'S (WILLIAM) LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JACK OF THE MILL 
 
 A Fireside Story. By William Howitt. Second Edition. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo, with 46 Illus- 
 trations on Wood (pub. at 15s.), cloth, 7*. 6ci. 1845 
 
 HOWITT'S (WILLIAM) WANDERINGS OF A JOURNEYMAN TAILOR, 
 THROUGH EUROPE AND THE EAST, DURING THE YEARS 1824 to 1840. Trans- 
 lated by William Howitt. Fcap. 8vo, with Portrait (pub. at 6s.), cloth, 3s. 6d. 1844 
 
 HOWITT'S (WILLIAM) GERMAN EXPERIENCES. Addressed to the English, both 
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 JANE'S (EMMA) ALICE CU NN I NG HAM E, or, the Christian as Daughter, Sister, Friend, 
 and Wife. Post 8vo (pub. at 5s.), cloth, 2s. orf. 1846 
 
 JOE MILLER'S JEST-BOOK; being a Collection of the most excellent Bon Mots, Brilliant 
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 elegantly printed vol. fcap. 12mo, Frontispiece (pub. at 4s.), cloth, 3s. 1840 
 
 JERROLD'S (DOUGLAS) CAKES AND ALE, A Collection of humorous Tales and 
 Sketches. 2 vols, pout 8vo wltb Plates, *>.v George Cruikshakk (pub. at 15«.), clotU 
 Kilt, U. W* 
 
PUBLISHED OR SOLD BY H. G. BOHN. 
 
 LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS, an Historical Narrative, illustrating the Public Events, 
 and Domestic and Ecclesiastical Manners of the 15th and 16th Centuries, F« ap. 8TO, Third 
 
 Edition (pub. at 7s. 6rf.), cloth, 3*. erf. 1839 
 
 LEVERS ARTHUR OLEARY; HIS WANDERINGS AND PONDERlNGS IN 
 MANY LANDS. Edited by Harry Lorreuuer. Cruikshank's New Illustrated Edition. 
 Complete in 1 vol. 8vo (pub. at 12*.), cloth, 9s. 1845 
 
 LOVERS LEGENDS AND STORIES OF IRELAND. Both Series. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo, 
 Fourth Edition, embellished with Woodcuts, by Harvey (pub. at 15s.), cloth, 6s. 6d. 1847 
 
 LOVER'S HANDY ANDY. A Tale of Irish Life. Medium 8vo. Third Edition, with 24 
 characteristic Illustrations on Steel (pub. at 13s.), cloth, 7s. 6d. 1849 
 
 LOVER'S TREASURE TROVE; OR L. S. D. A Romantic Irish Tale of the last Cen- 
 turv. Medium 8vo. Second Edition, with 2(i characteristic Illustrations on Steel (pub. at 14s. ), 
 cloth, 9s. 1846 
 
 MARRYAT'S (CAPT.) POOR JACK, Illustrated by 46 large and exquisitely beautiful 
 Engraving on Wood, after the masterly designs of Clahkson Stanfield, K.A. 1 handsome 
 vol. royafsvo (pub. at 14s.), gilt cloth, !)s. 1850 
 
 MARRYATS PIRATE AND THE THREE CUTTERS, 8vo, with 20 most splendid line 
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 MILLERS GODFREY MALVERN, OR THE LIFE OF AN AUTHOR. By the 
 
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 8vo, with 24 clever Illustrations hy'Pmz (pub. at 13s.), cloth, 6s. 6<i. 3843 
 
 "This work lias a tone and an individuality which distinguish it from all others, and cannot 
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 MITFORDS (MISS) OUR VILLAGE; complete in 2 vols, post 8vo, a Series of Rural Tale» 
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 PHANTASMAGORIA OF FUN, Edited and Illustrated by Alfred Crow-quill. 2 vols, 
 post Svo, illustrations by Leech, Cruiksrank, &c. (pub. at 18s.), cloth, 7s. 6d. 1S43 
 
 PICTURES OF THE FRENCH. A Series of Literary and Graphic Delineations of French 
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 1 large vol. royal Bvo, Illustrated by upwards of 230 humorous and extremely clever Wood 
 
 " Engravings by" distinguished Artists (puh. at U. 5s.), cloth gilt, 10*. 1840 
 
 This book is extremely clever, both in the letter-press and plates, and has had an immense 
 run in France, greater even than the Pickwick Papers in this country. 
 
 POOLE'S COMIC SKETCH BOOK; OR, SKETCHES AND RECOLLECTIONS 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR OF PAUL PRY. Second Edition, 2 vols., post 8vo., fine portrait, 
 cloth gilt, with new comic ornaments (pub. at 18s.), 7s. 6rf. 1843 
 
 SKETCHES FROM FLEMISH LIFE. By Hendrik Conscience. Square 12mo, 130 Wood 
 Engravings (pub. at 6s.), cloth, 4s. tid. 
 
 TROLLOPES (MRS.) LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MICHAEL ARMSTRONG, 
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 TROLLOPE'S (MRS.) JESSIE PHILLIPS. A Tale of the Present Day, medium 8vo, port. 
 and 12 Steel Plates (puh. at 12s.), cloth gilt, 6s. 6d. 1844 
 
 UNIVERSAL SONGSTER, Illustrated by Cruikshank, being the largest collection of the 
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 gjubemle an& iSIcnuntari) 23oofcs, CEgmnastfcs, &r. 
 
 ALPHABET OF QUADRUPEDS, Illustrated by Figures selected from the works of the 
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 1859 
 
 ■ the same, the plates coloured, gilt cloth, gilt edges (pub. at 7s. 6d.) 5s. 
 
 CRABB'S (REV. G.) NEW PANTHEON, or Mythology of all Nations; especially for the 
 Use of Schools and Young Persons; with Questions for Examination on the Plan of Pinnock. 
 lRrrio. with 30 pleasing lithographs (pub. at 3s.), cloth, 2«. 1847 
 
 CROWQUILL'S PICTORIAL GRAMMAR. 16mJ, with 120 humorous illustrations (pub. 
 at 5s. j, cloth, gilt edges, 2s. 6rf. ls44 
 
 DRAPERS JUVENILE NATURALIST, or Country Walks in Spring, Summer. Autumn, 
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 edges, 4s. 6d. ' " i Sii 
 
 ENCYCLOP/EDiA OF MANNERS AND ETIQUETTE, comprising an improved- edition, 
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so 
 
 CATALOGUE OF NEW BOOKS 
 
 EQUESTRIAN MANUAL FOR LADIES, by F^xx Howard. Fcap. 8vo, upwards of 59 
 
 oeautiful Woodcuts (pub. at is.), gilt clotli. eilt edges, 2s. t,~. I844 
 
 GAMMER GRETHELS FAIRY TALES AND POPULAR ^TORIES, translated from 
 the German of Grimm (containing 12 Fairy Tales), post Svo, numerous Woodcuts by George 
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 GOOD-NATURED BEAR, a Story for Chuuren of all Acres, by R. H. Horse. Square 8vo 
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 GRIMMS TALES FROM EASTERN LANDS. Square 12mo, plates (pub. at 5s.), cloth. 
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 HALL'S (CAPTAIN BASIL) PATCHWORK, a New Series of Fragments of Vova-es and 
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 HOLIDAY LIBRARY, Edited by William Hazlitt. Uniformly printed in 3 vols, plates 
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 Grange, 3s. 6d. Legends of Ruhezahl, and Fairy Tales, 3s. Gd. 1845 
 
 HOWITT'S (WSLLIAM) JACK OF THE MILL. 2 vols. l2mo (pub. at 15s.), cloth gilt, 
 7s. Gd, 1844 
 
 HOWITT'S (MARY) CHILD'S PICTURE AND VERSE BOOK, commonly called 
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 This is one of the most elegant juvenile books ever produced, and has the novelty of being in 
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 LAMB'S TALES FROM SHAKSPEARE, designed principally for the use of Young Persons 
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 " One of the most useful and agreeable companions to the understanding of Shakspeare which 
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 L. E. L. TRAiTS AND TRIALS OF EARLY LIFE. A Series of Tales addressed to 
 Young People. By L. E. L. (Miss Landon). Fourth Edition, fcap. 8vo, with a beautiful 
 Portrait Engraved on Steel (pub. at as.), gilt cloth, 3s. 1845 
 
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