1 ,^1 '.1 5033 SPECIAL REPORT Copy ^ CAPTAm GEORGE P. AHERN, NINTH U. S. INFANTRY, IN CHARGE OP FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, COVERING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901. OIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAUiS, War Department. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTINCi OFFICE. 1 9 i . \ i^ SPECIAL REPORT OF CAPTAIN GEORGE P. AHERN, NINTH U. S. INFANTRY, IN CHARGE OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, COVERING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901. \>.^ ■^C^/^ DIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAIRS, "b ■' II ^lWaji Department. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. ^ ft** OOl^TEI^TS. Page. Personnel 5 Regulations 11 Licenses 12 Procedure and forms jirescribed by regulations and forms used in bureau 15 Statement (by name) of licenses granted by forestry bureau: Timber 24 Firewood 31 Dyewood 33 Rubber, etc 34 Gratuitous 34 Forestry regulations (General Order No. 92) 35 Forests of the Philippine Islands 47 Timber used in the Philippines from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901 49 Private woodlands 50 Prices of native timber 51 Can the forests of the Philippines be devastated? 52 Recommendations 54 Statement of utilization of forest products 55 Statistics of sums collected on forest products 55 Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands 56 Statement ( by provinces ) of licenses issued by forestry bureau _ 58 Private woodlands registered in the Philippine Islands 59 Geography and population in the Philippine Islands 59 Illustrations Facing 60 3 SPECIAL REPORT FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Capt. George P. Ahern, Ninth United States Infantry, In charge of Bureau. War Department, Washinyton, D. C, July 30, 1901. Sir: Pursuant to instructions from the office of the Secretary of War, I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of the forestry bureau. Philippine Islands, from its organization in April, 1900. to the present date: The undersigned, at present on leave of absence, has been author- ized b}^ the Philippine Commission while in the United States to visit the forestry schools at Cornell, Yale, and Biltmore for the purpose of conferring with professors and students with the object of securing graduates of these schools for the Philippine forestry service, and was also authorized to have exhibited at Buffalo, N. Y., and later at the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C, a collection of Philippine woods. The forestry bureau was organized h\ the undersigned pursuant to General Orders, No. 50, Office United States Military Governor in the Philippines. Manila, P. L, April li, 1900. A report detailing opera- tions of this bureau up to and including June 30, 1900, and one dated May of this year have been submitted to the governor of the Philip- pine Islands. PERSONNEL. The Spanish Government had inaugurated the forestrv service in 1863, some three hundred and forty 3^ears after their occupation of the islands. The forestry officials were selected from the forestr}^ service of Spain, where a similar service had been started and a forestry school organized. The subordinate places in the service in the Philip- pines were partly filled l)y Filipinos, and at no time, up to the Ameri- can occupation in 1898, had a Filipino risen to any of the higher places in the service. This was due principally to the fact that none had taken the necessary course in the forestry school of Spain. After the undersigned took charge of this service, notices were sent to the former forestry officials to make application for service in the bureau if they so desired, such men, acquainted with the country, forest botany, people, language, and former regulations being consid- 6 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ered more useful in inaugurating this work than any official ol)taincd from other countries. A number of these officials presented them- selves, with their credentials, which consisted usually of diplomas from the Agricultural College of Manila, and a detailed history of their former service. None l)ut natives presented themselves, the Spanish foresters having returned to Spain, thus leaving" the islands without a single highly trained forester. The post-office addresses of 14 native foresters and lio rangers were taken for future reference, and these men were called upon as the service required. Authority w^as received to employ 4 foresters, 2 rangers, a stenographer, and a translator; the foresters at $100 and rangers at $50 Mexican per month. Under Spanish administration a force of 66 expert foresters and 64 rangers, with 40 other subordinates as clerks, draftsmen, etc., formed the personnel of the forestry service. The headquarters for the service was established in the old Inten- dencia building", in Manila, where the archives of the former forestry service were gathered together. For the first few weeks the small force employed was engaged in arranging" these archives for future reference. The translator was employed in the translation of the former Spanish forestry regulations and public-land law^ in force at the time of the American occupation. A careful investig-ation of these archives failed to discover an^^ plans of exploitation, statistics of stand- ing timber, or forest surveys. These records consisted principally of applications for licenses, memoranda of revenues, private woodland registrations, and the ordinary official correspondence of the bureau. Upon inquiry of the former forestry officials it was learned that no plans of exploitation and no statistics of standing timber had been made. The forest zones had not been surveyed and reserved, as the last Spanish land law of 1893 had contemplated. In the course of a few months, authority was given to increase the force employed. As competent men presented themselves, and as con- ditions permitted, stations were established in the provinces. A for- estry service had lieen partially (organized by the insurgents, and this fact made it more difficult to obtain a sufficient force of competent men. On October 12 an act of the United States Philippine Civil Commission prescribed the following- personnel: One officer in charge; 1 inspector, at $150 gold per month; 1 chief clerk, at $100 gold per month; 1 botanist, at $100 gold per month; 1 translator, at $100 gold per month; 1 law clerk, at $75 gold per month; 1 record clerk, at $75 gold per month; 10 assistant foresters, at $50 gold per month; 30 rangers, at $25 gold per month. Later in the year authority was received to employ 2 foresters from the United States, at a salary of $200 gold per nu^ith. A further addition to the foi"ce is contemplated which will add 4 foresters, at $200 per mont]i; 4 inspectors, at $150 per month; 20 rangers, at $25, and 2 clerks, at $50 per month. Owing to the disturbed conditions in the provinces, a disposition was shown by the native officials to avoid service beyond Manila. These men stated that they would be in considerable danger of vio- lence from insurgents, as their work very often took them from the vicinity of United States troops. As a matter of fact, two rangers disappeared, one of whom reappeared after a month's time and claimed that he had been captured by the insurgents and had l)ought his free- dom. The other disappeared in Februar}' of this yQnr and has not been heard of since. At times the native officials would receive threat- REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 7 ening notices, antl us quite a number of natives friendly to Americans had been captured and murdered }),y the insurgents, these officials in the forestry service felt considerable alarm and could hardly be in- duced to inspect the rafts in the sul)urbs of Manila unless accompanied bj^ one of the American officials of the bureau. All applicants for admission to the service were required to show record of former service and good character. Before being- sent into the provinces, officials were given at least one month's training in Manila. Man}' of these men were found to be competent and anxious to render good service; some were found in- competent, untrustworthy, and negligent of their duties. During the year two assistant foresters and twelve rangers were discharged for cause, one translator resigned, and one ranger transferred to another branch of the civil service. As the service expanded, considerable difficulty was experienced in finding competent men. More than 50 per cent of the officials of this service are at stations distant from Manila, and usually manage their offices and field work without assist- ants. All tim])er cut on public land is cut by license. Each shipment of forest products must l)e classified, measured, manifested, and orders of payment issued, all of which requires considerable training, inasmuch as 1()0 varieties of native tree species are received in the market, not to mention many varieties of dyewoods, gums, resins, etc., with all of which the official must be thoroughh' acquainted and able to promptly classify and appraise; this in addition to his duties in charge of the forests of his district, running his office, and instructing ignorant native loggers in the principal requirements of the forestry regula- tions. The demand for forest products during the past two je&vs has been so great in the Philippine Islands that men with the information just outlined were sought for by lumber companies and ofl'ered higher salaries than were given in the forestry service. Occasionall}^ these flattering ofiers would be made to the officials in the service, but as a rule the latter preferred to remain in the service and take their chances of advancement as the service grew. No forestry officials are permitted to receive any money (in addition to salar\") for forest products, for supervising papers, or for an}" cler- ical or other work rendered in the course of their duties. When pay- ment is to be made for forest products, an order of payment is issued b}^ the forestry official, which is taken by the owner of the shipment to the nearest internal-revenue office, and when the receipt for the payment is shown to the forestry official permission is given in writing to move the forest products. This written permit the man in charge of said forest products must carry with him until the destination of shipment is reached. Each log is stamped with the bureau mark when first inspected. A circular letter was sent to all important points in the islands requesting replies as to the extent and character of industries in the various localities in the line of forest products. Replies were received from all parts of the islands, which replies served as a guide in estab- lishing stations for forestry officials. The location of parties operat- ing under licenses to utilize forest products also served as a guide in establishing these stations. Forestr}^ officials are stationed near all important logging centers 8 KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. and are in constant touch with parties handlinj^ even small quantities. Each official in the provinces keeps a diary of his daily operations, a transcript of which is submitted to the office in Manila every fifteen days. In addition is submitted a sunnnary of forest products inspected by him during this period, the amount ordered paid into the internal- revenue office, and, finally, any observations he may consider necessary for the information of the central office. Each shipment of forest products is inspected, classified, and appraised by him, and each log is stamped with the bureau mark. A copy of the manifest made out at this time is sent to Manila, a dupli- cate copy being' given to the man in charge of the shipment. Upon arrival at its destination the forest product is again inspected and measured b}" a forestry official, and can not be disposed of until every requirement of the regulations is complied with. By this means a constant check is kept on all forest products taken from public and private lands. The manifest shows the name of licensee, location of cutting, the dimensions and value of each log cut, the name of the tree species, and a record of payment. This manifest appears at Manila shortly after the tree is felled. A glance at the manifest shows at once if the regulations are being followed. The restrictions as noted in the following articles act as a guaranty against any wholesale slaughter of timber, provided these regulations are enforced. At first some opposition was manifested to the many restrictions thrown around the licensees, but this opposition disappeared as they became better acquainted with the service and found that the double inspection of their shipments and the official papers did not delay the movement of their cargoes to market, as in the former administration. Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be granted by this office. 2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the forest district or section, or to the district conunander, who shall forward .same to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired, and the place where said products are to be gathered. .3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as unlawfully cut. 4. No charge shall be made for licenses, nor for the authentication or making out of manifests. 5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of the superior and tirst groups, excepting ebony, camuning and lanetes, of a less diam- eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohil)ited. 6. The felling in the state forests of trees from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and gum elastic are extracted is prohibited. 7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regulations shall l)e l)y license, and said utilization sliall be governed by special conditions, which may l)e ascertained upon jjresentatiun of application for a license to utilize said products. Akt. ()0. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited by otlicdal order, or cuts species tlie utilization of which is prohibited by special mention in the license, shall incur a penalty amounting to four times the value of the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license. Art. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together and pile it in the district where cut or gathered, and not wdiere the cutting of timber or other utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a pen- alty of four times the value of the jjrotluct gathered. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPl'lNE ISLANDS. 9 Art. 62. 1. The trees to l)e <'ut shall he selected and cut down close to the ground, care heing taken that no damage he done in falling to the adjacent trees. The con- cessioner shall compactly pile the hranchesof all trees felled, and place said hranches where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth. 2. Forest products shall he transjiorted as far as possible by routes where there are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the younger growth. 3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through failure to comply -with the above recjuirements. They shall also beheld responsible for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their em)>loyees. Art. 63. AVhen the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry otficial of the place where said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination. He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest, and if so, the num- ber of trees and the classes. A forestry official shall verify the "statement" of forest products presented by the concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate, the manifest for t'ach shi])ment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner. Art. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority fiom the chief of the for- estry bureau, and has given a satisfactory guarantj' to that official. Stations have been established at the following places: Town. Province. Town, Province. Aparri Iloilo Cagayan. Panay. Pampanga. Benguet. Manila. Batangas. Zambales. Tarlac. Tayabas. Pampanga. Do. Guinavangan Tayabas. Laoag Ilocos Norte. Bagnio Legaspi Albav. Subig Tarlac Orani . Bataan. Cebu Cebu. Lagulmanoc Angele.s A number of other stations will be established in the near future, as conditions permit. As the service grows, more and more difficult}" is experienced in securing competent native officials. The Filipino knows nothing of estimating standing timber, selection of trees to be felled, or the pro- tection of the younger growth. These must be taught him by trained foresters from other countries. Although authority has been received by the undersigned to employ trained foresters in other countries, none have as yet been secured, with the exception of the two from the United States noted above. The two mentioned are not what we would call foresters, but are good, practical lumbermen and will render good service. We must look to tropical India and Java for trained men. A recent letter from Java informs this office that an offer of $200 gold per month will not induce any of their officials to enter our service, as thiMr trained men receive the following salaries: Foresters, from $130 to $;>10 gold per month: ins])ectors, from $820 to $440 gold per month; chief inspectors, from $440 to $600 gold per month. The foresters of India are also very well paid, and, in addition, the forestry officials of all countries but ours have the prospect of retire- ment with pay after a certain number of years' service, or for disability. As a rule, the scientific forester has taken his degree before entering the forest school; then, after a course of between two and three years, he enters the lower ranks of the forestrv service in his country and 10 KKPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, UHILIPl'INE ISLANI/S. has a well-paid position, with a prospect of retirement for disability or for age. Service in the Philippines involves some danger, not onl}^ from the pernicious fevers, but, at the present time, from insurgents. A forester from flava would not care to give up his life position for service in the Philippines with a prospect of disability and no govern- ment aid afterwards. We have here a vast virgin field for scientific investigation, which makes the l'hili[)i)ine Islands to-day one of the most attractive tields for original work, but the ol)iections noted al)ove deter many from entering the service. Many applications are being received from parties in the United States desiring to enter the forestry service. Very few applicants have had any training as foresters; some have been engaged in logging business and sawmills, and some apparently are anxious only for a change of scene. Others seek this service as a means of furthering schemes for future timber exploitation by priv^ate parties. Applicants residing in the United States are rex^juired to pass a civil-service exam- ination, prepared by the Bureau of Forestiy in Washington. Appli- cants in Manila are required to take a civil-service examination there. Two expeditions are in the field at present: One, consisting of an assistant forester and botanist, is in southern Mindanao investigating- the varieties and amount of native-tree species producing gutta-percha, rubl)er, and other gums; another party, consisting of a forester and assistant forester, is in the Camarines making a thorough investiga- tion of the timber on the tract of public land operated over by the largest lumber concern of the Philippine Islands. A forestry official is stationed permanently near the headquarters of this concern. A report from this expedition will inform this office of the amount and variety of timber standing in this tract, methods of felling and hauling, the condition of the younger growth, whether or not forestry regula- tions are strictly complied with; in fact, will report on all matters of interest to the forestry service. From previous reports from this same region we are led to believe that the cutting by this company is a mere thinning of the forest, and works an actual improvement of forest con- ditions, the annual growth on this tract being many times the volume extracted liy this company each year. At present this company is somewhat hampered ))y the loss of nearly all of their caral)aos, due to an epidemic of rinderpest which recently swept over the islands, carrj' - ing off many thousands, of these animals, which are the only source of transportation in the islands. The forestry official acting as collector for the bureau was s(Mit in January, VM)i, to Zamboango. province of Mindanao, to make a col- lection of the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the native-tree species found there. He returned in three months with 425 varieties of wood and leaf with the fruit and flower of many. This collection was made Avichin a very limited area in this province, and will give some idea of the problems to be solved by the forestry service when a small tract with several hundred tree species is to be prepared for the lumberman. A rational forestry policy will necessitate the felling of all trees by selection. This will be met by the objection of the lumbermen that there is no market for four or five hundred varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties devolves upon the forestry bureau. The furniture makers of America import \ast quantities of hardwood from Central and South America, REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 11 aii'l in order to divert tlieir attention to the woods of the Philippines 100 varieties of specially selected woods were recently gathered together and shipped to the Ignited States, where they will be placed on exhibition at Burt'aio. and later at the Department of Aoriculture in Wasliinuton. Anyone acquainted with American methods of lumbering, and espe- cially anyone from the lake regions of the Unitcnl States, will realize that if every tree for felling is not selected and rigid supervision of all logging operations not insisted upon, great and irremediable loss will result. Kigid supervision is indispensable and is only possible w hen thoroughly trained scientific men are employed. The existing regulations provide ample safeguards against forest devastation, but the inunediate need is for a trained corps of foresters to properly enforce these regulations. A forestry school should be organized as soon as possible, and the first foresters employed should give part of their time to the training of nati\c officials now in the service. In time specially qualified gradu- ates from colleges in the Philippines should be offered inducements to enter the forestry school and thus provide for the extension of the service. REGULATIONS. The Spanish forestry laws and regulations in force in August, 1898, were found to be excellent, practicable, and in line with similar laws and regulations of Europe, where the science of forestry has reached such a high state of perfection. These laws and regulations, up to the time of our occupation, had not been fully enforced and scientific for- estry not practiced, as the records and testimony of officials show. Under the Spanish administration licensees cut any and everything. Trees to l)e felled were not selected, no minimum size was prescribed, valual)le rubber and gutta-percha trees were felled, and the most val- uable woods used as firewood; in fact the officials began their work after the trees left the forest and not before. The Spanish, forestry regulations were translated and a new set compiled, based practically upon the old, but arranged in more com- pact form. Some changes were made, as will be noted below. Blank forms similar to the old are used, wdth some additions, nearly all of which are printed in Spanish with English notes. The regulations went into effect July 1, 1900. and were published in the form of a gen- eral order (No. 9i}) from the office of the United States military gov- ernor of the Philippine Islands, dated Manila, P. I., June 27,1900. These regulations have not been amended since publication. As soon as peace is thoroughly established in the islands and officials can work in the field without danger, data wdll be secured upon which to base a revision of the present regulations. However, the regula- tions as enforced at present seem to give general satisfaction. Several thousand copies were printed, both in Spanish and English, and sent to every part of the islands. At least one coi)v is sent with each license, and the attention of the licensee is drawn to the fact that the regula- tions must be followed. These regulations consist of 77 articU>s arranged in 5 chapters. Chapter 1 is entitled " Tarifi* on state timber and instructions for its application." In this chapter we find the tree species of the islands 12 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. classitied into six gToiips, the unit of measure being- the cubic foot. The price per cul)ic foot for state timber is as follows : Number of varieties. Superior jiroup, 14 cents Mexican 15 First t^roup, 10 cents Mexican 20 Second j^roup, 8 cents Mexican 86 Thiid jj;roup, 3 cents Mexican 133 Fourth group, 2 cents Mexican 234 Fifth group, 1 cent Mexican 33 At present the timber is classitied and measured after it has been felled and piled. In appraising- the valuation of timber hewn on four sides, iJ.5 per cent is added for wood lost in hewing; sawed timber has 15 per cent added; ebony has 2()0 per cent added, and camagon KM) per cent added. The wood of groups 8, 4, and 5 only will be cut for fuel, thus saving from felling for this purpose liJl tree species of higher grades. This restriction is noted on back of license. In the Spatush regulations the tree species were arranged in live groups, with a max- imum valuation of 6 cents per cubic foot. The present regulations set aside fifteen of the most valuable woods as a superior group and place a valuation on them of 11 cents per cubic foot; this price acts as a special protection for these valuable species and tends to divert the lum))ermen to other varieties at a lower rate. Some objection was raised to the increased valuation placed on forest products, but it has been found that the above valuation remains very close to 5 per cent of the present market price of timber in Manila. Chapter 3 is entitled '' Utilization of timber in the state forests," prescribes how timber should be felled and moved, and the procedure necessary before the licensee can take his product to market. Chapter 8 has to do with the g-ratuitous use of state timber. It pro- vides for the free use of timber ))y needy residents, and for timber for pul^lic works. Chapter 4 is entitled " Firewood for market.'' Chapter 5 contains provisions relating- to the extraction of gutta- percha and other gums. Chapter 6, general provisions. LICENSES. Licenses are issued by the officer in charge of the forestry service upon written application made either to the central office in Manila or to any of the forestry officials in the provinces. If application is made in the provinces, the forestry official sends the application to his imme- diate chief, with some recommendation as to the character and respon- sibility of the applicant. The indorsement also must approve or disapprove the application, with the reasons therefor. An applicant must state just what forest product he wishes to take from the public land, and must also specify the district where he wishes to operate. Under Spanish administration this district was usually a province. As a rule, during the last six months we have been contining 1 incenses to a more limited area and close to some ])uel)lo. By this means we know at once where to place the responsibility for any violation of the for- estry regulations, as to manner of felling and removing of forest prod- ucts. Where a num])er of license(\s are operating in one province it is difficult at times to know just where to place the responsibility for any infractions, as noted above. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 13 The application for a license finalh" reaches the central office at Manila, containing- the indorsements of the forestry officials and with evidence of the chai'acter and responsibility of the applicant. Licenses are issued on special forms: There is the timber license, the tire wood license, the gratuitous license, and then a general form to include any special product desired, such as gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums. Where the government valuation of a forest product has not been specifically mentioned in the regulations, provision is made that a valuation of 10 per cent on the prevailing mai'ket price in Manila will be (liarged for such product. The licenses are issued for one year, and may be revoked for violation of the regulations. A gratuitous license is issued to needy residents upon application, accompanied by a certifi- cate by the president of the town in which the applicant resides, to the effect that the applicant is a needy resident and that he should be granted the license. This license runs for a period of six months. The licensee is not permitted to utilize more than 1.000 cul)ic feet of timber, and is prohibited from utilizing tree species of the superior and first groups. (Thirty-five tree species thus protected; this restriction is noted on back of license.) A gratuitous license may also be issued to govern- ment officials upon written application, stating the public work for which such timber is to be used and the amount and variety of woods desired. A list of licenses is sent to the forestry officials in the provinces, and the instructions of these officials provide for the supervision of the uiethods of operation in the forest of the various licensees. l*arti(^s bringing into market forest products without license are fined for first ofienses 25 per cent of the valuation of said products, an increased fine for the second oliense, and confiscation of products with a fine of 100 per cent provided for the third ofi'ense. It has been found that man}" of the dealers in forest products, and not the actual loggers in the woods, were the holders of licenses. This has been the subject of careful investigation during the past six months, and as far as possible none but the actual lumbermen working in the forest are now given licenses. Owing to th(» disturbed conditions in the islands manv natives engaged in h)gging were afraid to leave their districts and go far from home, and as the forestry officials w^ere always in towns garrisoned by United States troops, many natives never came in contact with the forestry officials, and operated in the forests without license. As con- ditions improve, this difficulty will be removed. Under Spanish administration no form of license was issued. The applicant received his letter of application with an indorsement of the central office in Manila, stating whether or not he was permitted to utilize the forest products. Prior to March 2, lltOl. 4r>T licenses had been granted by the for- estry burt'au at Manila. Up to May 14. llli>l, the number of licenses granted by the military government were as follows: Timber 348 Firewood 169 Rubber and other gums 32 Dyewood 10 Gratuitous 21 Total 580 14 KEI'ORT OF FORESTRY BITRP:AU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Piii't of these licenses expire in six months; the remainder in one 3^e{ir from date. of issue. Under the Spanish u(bninistration an aver- ag^e of 1,000 licenses were issued each year by the forestry bureau. Where an applicant employs a number of the people of a thinly populated district, and where he shows that he can cut all that should properly l)e cut for the present needs in that district, other licenses for that particular limited area are not o-ranted. Up to the present time this has worked without o))jecti()n. The licenses o-ranted so far coyer but a yery small part of the forest area of the ishinds. Vast areas of virg-in forest throughout the islands are practically untouched and will not be entered for some time to come, owing- to the lack of roads, driyeways, scarcity of labor, and means of transportation. A cable dispatch from Washington, D. C, was receiyed early in March giying notice of the passage of w^hat is known as the Spooner amendment. This law proyides "that no sale or lease or other dispo- sition of the public lands or the timber thereon or the mining rights therein shall be made." Orders were giyen the forestry bureau to grant no more licenses to cut timber on public lands. Seyeral weeks later a copy of the opinion of the law officer of the Diyision of Insular Affairs, giying the War Department's construction of the Spooner amendment, was receiyed, and the forestry bureau notified that "such proyisions of said General Orders, No. 92, as are intended to protect and preserye the interests of the United States in said forests are in harmon}' with said enact- ment and not aftected thereby." The opinion stated: This enactment permits the President of the United States to grant such temjxjrary privileges as are " clearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and indispensable for the interest of the people thereof." The licenses granted haye neyer been in excess of the immediate and imperatiye needs of the islands, and the cutting under these licenses in the islands has neyer been equal to the necessities of the people, and has not been sufficient to bring down the price of timber to what it formerly was. The cutting nowhere in the islands has been equal to what would haye been selected by the scientiffc forester whose princi- pal object was the betterment of forest conditions. Owing to a lack of facilities for logging and sawing, it was found impossible to supply the United States military forces in the islands with the timber necessary for the construction of storerooms for sup- plies, and barracks for troops, timbers for bridges, and other public works innnediately necessary" for the care of the troops. Seyeral million feet of American timber were imported to supplement the natiye timber l)rought to market. The United States (xoyernment utilized at least 50 per cent of the natiye timber brought to market in the Philippines. The merchants used a large part of the remaining 60 per cent for new buildings, additions, etc., leaying the priyate householders but a small and ridiculously inadequate supply for the repair of their homes. The number of homes destroyed in the Philip- pines during the insurrection will neyer be eyen approximately known, and it will be years before the supply of natiye wood will meet eyen the al)solutely necessary demand of the natiye residents. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 15 PR0C?:DURE as prescribed in forestry REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE PU'BLIC LANDS OF THE PHILIPPINES. I. Application ])v letter to the forestiy bureau of the party desiring license. The writer must be known to the l)ureau or vouched for by some responsible party. The forestry official in the district where the license is to l)e granted must indorse the application. No particu- lar form of letter is required in making' this application. II. The particular license re([uestecl. if granted, is made out on a special form, signed by the head of the forestiy bureau, and stamped. (8ee Forms 4, 5. 0. 7.) The license is sent with a copy of the forestrj' regulations to the applicant. A Spanish cop}' of the regulations is sent to all native or Spanish applicants. Notice of said license is also sent to the forestry official in the district covered by the license. It has been customary for many years to grant licenses covering whole provinces, but lately the policy has been to restrict the license to a district covering but one or two pueblos or townships. In the province of Abra, owing to severe cutting in former years, no licenses wei'e granted by the Spanish bureau. Since the organiza tion of the present ])ureau but one license has been granted in this province. This license was given at the solicitation of the military government, and was for the purpose of supplying the needs of the military forces. In other provinces as many as 37 timber licenses have been granted. In many provinces and islands where there is much valuable timber not one application has been received for timber or other licenses. After license is received the licensee may proceed to the district covered by his license and begin operations. Article f)2 of the Forestry Regulations prescribes that the trees to be cut shall be selected. This has been done under the personal super- vision of the undersigned in the pine region of Luzon, where the tim- ber is thin and where vigorous cutting might be harmful to future forest growth. But, as a rule, the cuttings in other regions have been so moderate that up to the present time it has not been found neces- sary to mark the trees to be felled. This will })e done in the near future, or as soon as any logging company begins to operate on a large scale. At present loggers are taking out one tree where they could take 100 and not injure the forest growth. This state of affairs is not likely to continue many months longer. When the logs are ready for removal the licensee notifies (see article 63) the nearest forestry official, who measures his wood and makes out an order for payment (Form 3), and also gives to the licensee a mani- fest (Form 13) on which is noted the kind and dimensions of each log. In some cases (article 66) the licensee pa^^s at once for his wood. In other cases he may pa}' at the destination of cargo if in the Philip- pines. In every case the forestry official retains a copy of the manifest, inscribes one copy in his records, and sends one copy to the Forestiy Bureau at Manila. At the end of each two weeks he sul)mits a report (Form 17) of work done during this period. This gives twice each month complete and 16 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. detailed information to the central offiee at Manila of operations over the entire archipelago. After payment for the wood the licensee show.s a receipt for the same to the forestry official and receives from this official a permit to unload (Form 1) and a note of the customs guards (Form 2). At destination of cargo a second inspection is made (Form 12) and if a difl'erencc is found between the original manifest and second inspection, this diti'erence must be accounted for, and in certain cases penalties ma,y be incurred. If an excess of carcro is foiuid at this second inspection, an order of payment (Form 10) is issued and a receipt for said payment must be shown before said cargo can be moved. In the case of private woodlands, the owner or his authorized agent submits a copy of the title to his woodlands to the forestry bureau for registration. If the title is prima facia a good one, it is registered and a statement (Form 9) of said registration given to the owner. After cutting his wood, he secures a certificate from the mayor of the township in which his land is located, to the effect that this wood was cut on his land, and then a permit for free transit is given (Form 15). BLANK FORMS USED IN THE FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 1. Permit to unload forest products. No. 2. Note to customs guards to permit unloading of cargo. No. 3. Order of payment. (English.) No. 3. Order of payment. (Spanish.) No. 4. License — Rubber, gums, gutta-percha, etc. No. 5. License — Firewood. No. 6. License — Timber. No. 7. License — Gratuitous. No. 8. Acknowledgment of receipt of payment on excess of cargo. No. 9. Statement of registration in forestry bureau of title to private woodlands. No. 10. Order of payment on excess cargo found at second inspection. No. 11. Permit by forest ranger to move parts of a cargo of forest products (issued after payment) . No. 12. Statement of inspection of forest products at destination. No. 13. Manifest of timber cut on public lands. No. 14. Manifest of firewood cut on public lands. No. 15. Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands. No. 16. Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place. No. 17. Form of semimonthly statement made at each forestry bureau station. Forestry bureau. Form 1. FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. Juan Garcia, having paid the State valuation of the timber brought to Manila on steamer Salradora, the forestry employees will permit the unloading in Manila Bay. When unloading is finished this order will be taken up and the manifest given in exchange, so that the timber can be carried where desired, provided no excess of cargo is found at inspection. George P. Ahern. Captdiri, Xiuth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FOHKSTKV BUREAU. No. 21. Manu.a, p. L, July 1, 1901. Origin, Aparri. Concessioner, Juan Garcia. Name of vessel, Salvadora. No. of pieces, 12. Cul)i(' feet, 400. State valuation, $40. Date of statement, June 15, 1901. Date of order of i)ayment, July 1, 1901. Date of order to unload, July 1, 1901. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 17 Forestry bureau. Form 2. FORESTRY BrREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 21. Juan Garcia, having paid the State value of the timber brought to Manila by the steamer Sfilvudora, the order to unload has been given on this date. Customs guards will please note. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. Forestry bureau. Form S {English). forestry bureau. No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. Juan Garcia will pay at the office of internal revenue of Manila the sum of forty dollars, value of the timber Ijrought to Manila in steamer *S'aZyo(/o?'''(, as per statement made by Juan Garcia, dated June 15, 1901, and which has been cut by authority of license granted to Juan Garcia, dated January 10, 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, tn Charge of Bureau. Forestry bureau. Form 3 {Spanish), forestry bureau, MANILA, P. I. Son $40.00. Num. 21. Don Juan Garcia, debeni ingresar en the internal revenue office la cantidad de forty dollars valor de las maderas conducidas d Manila en steamer Salvadora segun relacion formada por el Juan Garcia de fecha 15 de Junio y que han sido cortadas en virtud de liceucia que se le ha concedido al interesado en Aparri 10 de Junio de 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry. Order to pay to internal revenue office State valuation for forest product. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU, Niim. 21. Procedencias, Aparri. Concesionario, Juan Garcia. Buque cargador, Salvadora, Num. de piezas, 12. Pi6s cubicos, 400. Tasacion, $40. Fecha de la relacion, June 15, 1901. De la orden de ingreso, Julv 1, 1901. Des las ordenes de descarga, July 1, 1901. Manila, 1st de July, de 1901." Forestry bureau. Form 4- FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 10. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Aparri, to extract rubber in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., .January 1, 1901, LICENSE FOR RUBBER. GUMS, GUTT.V-PERCHA, ETC. No. 10. Name. Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Ajiarri. In Charge of Bureau. 11UG4— Ul 2 18 REPOET OV FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. [On back.] TARIFF. Concessioners shall, for the present, pay 10 per cent of market value (in Manila) of forest products utiHzed by virtue of tliis license. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gutta-pei'cha, and gum elastic trees is prohibited. Forestry bitreau. Form 5. For Firewood Cut for the Market, forestry bureau. No. 50. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. FIREWOOD LICENSE. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Aparri, to cut firewood in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. GEORCiE P. Aherx, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bnreau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. FIREWOOD LICENSE. No. 50. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Aparri. In Charge of Bureau. [On back.] TARIFF. First class: Rajas composed of pieces 75 centimeters to I2 meters in length, 20 to 40 centimeters in circumference, %1 per thousand rajas. Second class: Pieces of small size, 20 cents per cubic meter, if for domestic con- sumption; 40 cents per cubic meter, if for export. Tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only permitted to be cut for fire- wood. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is prohil)ited. Forestry bureau. Form 6. FORESTRY' BUREAU. No. 25. Manila, P. I., Jamtary 1, 1901. TIMBER LICENSE. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Zaml>oanga, to cut timber in the juiblic forests of the province of Zamboanga, sul)ject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. George P. Ahern, Captain, XintJi Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. ISIanila, p. I., January 1, 1901. TIMBER LICENSE. No. 25. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Zamboanga. Remarks, resident of town of Zamboanga. In Charge of Bureau. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 19 [On back.] TARIFF. Per cubic foot. Superior ^roup $0. 14 First group 10 fSecoud grouj) 08 Third group 03 Fourth group 02 Fifth group 01 The felling of trees of the superior and first groups of less diameter than 40 centi- meters is pnjhibited, excepting ebony, lanete, and camuning. The folHng of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is proliibited. Forestry bureau. Form 7. FORESTRY BUREAU. GRATl'ITOrS LICENSE. No. 12. Manila, P. I., Februarys, 1901. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Isidor Chanco, resi- dent of San PVrnando, Pami>anga, to cut tim1)er in the public forests of the province of Fampanga, subject to the accompanying regulations. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., Februarys, 1901. Gratuitous license, No. 12. Name, Isidor Chanco. Province, Pampanga. Remarks, resident of San Fernando, Pampanga. In Charge of Bureau. [On back.] Trees of the superior, first, and second groups shall not be cut under a gratuitous license. Cutting limited to 1,000 cubic feet. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is prohibited. Forestry bureau. Form 8. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Num. 181. Se ha recibido en esta inspeccion la carta de pago num 46 importante forty-six dol- lars por diferencia que resulto de las maderas aprovechadas por el concesionario Pedro Martinez en province of Cagayan y conducidas a Manila en steamer Salvadora segiin relacion del Pedro Martinez de fecha February 21. Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. "Acknowledgment of receipt of letter of payment on excess of cargo of forest products as found at inspection at destination." [Stub.] Num. 181. Niimero del expediente, 46. Numero de la carta de pago, 97. Diferencia, $46. Concesionario, Pedro Martinez. Barco, Salvadora. Intervenciun, Juan Martin. Acuerdo, . Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. 20 EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Forestry bureau. Form 9. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. Niim. . Manila, P. I., February 10, 1901. A los efectos del articulo 75 de la Orden General, Numero 92 de la oficina U. S. Military Governor of the Pliilipjnne Islands, de 27 de Junio, 1900, en este dia quedo inscrita en esta oticina en el libro 1st, niimero 78, de inscripeion la escritura de haci- enda que en el sitio de Santa Cruz, jnrisdiccion del pueblo de Manila provincia de Manila posee 150 de hectareas, 7 dreas, 15 centidreas de superficie. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. Num. . sito de de inscripeion , de - centiareas. Manila, -, 19- [Stub.] -, pueblo -, provincia -, parcelas cuya superficie mide ■ . Libro - hectares, -. Num. - dreas, Forestry Bureau, Form 10. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. Niim. 86. Don Pedro Martin deherd ingresar en el the internal-revenue otRce la cantidad de forty-six dollars, diferencia de valor de las timber que condujo a Manila segun rela- cion remitida por el Pedro ^Martin de fecha 8 de February. Manila, 15 de February de 1901. Geor(;e p. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in charge bureau. Diferencia, $ . Multa, $ . Total, $ . Concesionario Don — de la orden de descarga Declararlo Intervenido Diferencia Num. [Stub.] Num. de la 1." orden de ingreso ■ Fecha Pie-s. Mil6s'. I Importc lie la diferencia f Id. de la multa Id. total de la orden ingreso S Manila de de 19- Recibi la orden de ingreso en de de 19—. El Interesado. Forestry Bureau, Form 11. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Num. 62. Manila, P. J.,8de February, 1901. El Juan Martfn conduce timber expresadas al dorso comi)rendidas en la orden de descarga No. 181, de de . Ranger. [This paper is given to parties removing parcels of a cargo of forest products.] KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 21 [Stnb.] No. . El de Manila conduce de 19— de la orden de descarga No. de Forestry Bureau, Form 12, INSPECTION AT DESTIN.VTION. No. 78. Intervenci6n del m\ 8 de February. INSPECTION AT DESTINATION. No. 78. Intervencion del dia 8 DE February. [Name of wood of each log and dimensions stated on each side of this form and then signed by official making the inspection.] Forestry Bureau, Form 13. manifest. Statement of Timber cut by License. Eelacinii de las maderas cortadas en los montes pub.icos del pueblo de Iba, pro- vincia de Zaml^ales, en virtud de la licencia niim. 86 concedida por the Forestry Bureau en 15 de February de 1901, a D. Pedro Pilar, vecino de Iba, provincia de Zambales, y que se hallan depositadas en para trasportarlas en steamer *S'aZt'ac?ora con destino a Manila. Niimero de piezas. Clase de maderas. Dimensiones. Bojeo. Longitud. Aneho. Grueso. 1 Ipil Pies. 20 22 14 18 Puntos. 5 6 3 5 Puntos. 18 16 16 16 Puntos. 16 16 14 12 Puntos. Pies. Milesi- mas. Pesos. Cent. 1 Ipil 1 Ipil 1 .v , [Each log measured, classified, and appraised and placed on this manifest. Signed by owner of timl)er or his agent, and also signed by the forestry official. Note of payment also made at end of this statement.] Forestry Bureau, Form 14- statement of firewood cut by license. Relacion de las lefias cortadas en ios montes publicos del pueblo de Morong, provincia de Morong, en virtud de la licencia concedida por el Forestry Bureau en 1 de January de 1901, a D. Juan ^Nlartfn, vecino de Morong, las cuales se transportan d Manila, en steamer Cavite. LEX AS DEL PRIMER GRUPO. Niimero de rajas. Tasaci6n. Pesos. C6nt. 6,000, at 81 per M 6 00 ' 22 EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. leS'as del segundo grupo. Volumen en metros ciibicos. Tasacion. Pesos. C6nt. 150, at 20 cents per cu. M 30 00 RESUMEN. Pesos. C6nt. Importf de tasacion de las del 1." grupo 6 30 00 id. de id. de las del 2.° id 00 Total 36 oa [Signed by owner and by forestry official.] No. 78. Forestry Bureau, Form 15. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Habiendo conducido d esta capital D. Francisco Sanz, las timber que al margen se expresan y que ban sido extraidas en los terrenos que en el pueblo de San Fernando (Romhlon) , provincia de Romblon, posee D. Fr. Sanz, segiin relacion firmada por el y autoridad local del niismo pueblo, de fecha 3 de February, 1901, las cuales han sido transportadas en steamer Gloria; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes deestainspeccion permitirdn el liljre transito de las mismas, previa la oportuna inter- vencion de la que dariin cuenta A esta dependencia con la devolucion de la presente orden. Manila, 10 de February de 1901. [Signed.] [Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands.] [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 78. Pueblo de San Fernando. Provincia de Romblon. Hacienda de Francisco Sanz,. Sibuyan. Aprovechamiento de timber. Embarcacion, . Conductor, steamer Gloria. Fecha de la orden de descarga, Februarv 15, 1901. Fecha de la intervencion, February 15, 1901. Forestry Bureau, Form 16. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 78. Satisfecho por D. Juan Martin el valor de las timber que ha aprovechado en el pueblo de Iba, provincia de Zambales, las cuales ha conducido ii esta capital en el steamer Salvadora; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes de esta inspeccion permitirdn descargar en el Rio Pasig las timber que al dorso se expresan, previa la oportuna intervencion de la que dardn cuenta A esta dependencia con la devoluci6n de la presente orden. Manila, 15 de February de 1901. [Signed.] [Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place.] [Stub.] Enil)arcaci6n, cos, . Tasacion, Procedencias, Ntim. de piezas, No. . Pies ciibi- Niimero de la carta de pagcj, - Manila, El Ayudante, Fecha tie la relacion, Fecha de la misma, . Id. i/ flu- fori'slri/ hnreau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. 326 3'J7 32.S 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 34.5 346 347 348 349 350 351 362 353 354 365 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 :^2 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 39S 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 Licensee. Date. Location. Province. 1901. Juan Ortega May 14 Juliim .\. Yiirgea do ... ("irilip Kstclla do ... Time ltd p .Manzano ' do ... .'^erviliana Veleses | do ... Wiltpiir .1. McKee do ... Kafael Calvo j do ... Florencio Dequito 1 do ... Luis N. Baza do ... Manuel .\vala do ... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Mav 15 ...do... ...do... May 16 ...do... Mav 17 ...do... Mav 21 Mav 22 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... Mav 28 ...do... ....do... Mav 29 ...do... ...do... Mav 31 ...do... June 1 ...do... ...do... ...do... June 3 ...do... ....do... ...do... ....do... ...do... ...do... ....do... June 10 ....do... June 11 ....do... ....do... June 13 ....do... ....do... June 17 ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... June 19 ....do... June 21 ....do... ....do... June 24 ....do... ....do... Kafai'l Calvo Mariano Unandia I'aciauo Rizal Mercado Silvc.'^tR- Siping .\lfjan(ir( > Quisumbing Jose A. Zaparain Domingo Lavin PcrlVcto Tomas Garces Foli.x Roblos de la Rama Joso Diaz Aguilar Ramon Lagdameo Jose V. Castellano Feliza Viejo T.C. Manurl Martin Sansianco John H. Carter Patricio Bailon do Federico Ignasio y Pana (Chino) Celestino Mercader Harry M . Luresett A. Iturri & R. Maiiereu & Co. . . Lorenzo C. Afable Saturnino Sta. Quana Eugenio Diaz Benito V. Cervera Mariano Xovales J. W. Winkelbach Francisco Bayan Mclchor Castejon Miguel Logarta Tei )doro Sandico Antonio Sacz M. Peypoch & Co Buenaventura Ochangeo Albert D'Arcy Pedro Constantino Gcrvasio I'nson Cipriano P. Cruz Benigno Diaz Wm.Keill Jose Barrierro Natalio R\illado Gabriel Tabora Vicente Puzon Francisco .Sanz Mariano Suarez Manuel Palal'ox Ense1>io ()iig Tuaco .\iiilres Barea Marcelo Barba Pedro L. Valdez Taciano Delgado Melecio Lexon Melquiades Limpico M. Jap Sioco (Chinese | Cavetano de Chinchilla do Domingo Ferrer Isidro Pareno Cecil io Gonzalez Ci isme de Churruca. agent Feli.sa \'iejo Taciaui > Delgado Ti )nias Blanco Teodoro Jatco Felipe Caharion Joaiiuiii Castro Tomas Gomez Manuel Arbona Nueva Ecija Luzon. do Do. Zambales Do. do Do. Bulacan Do. Morong Do. Tayabas Do. do Do. do Do. Camarines Norte Do. Camarines Sur Do. Albay Do. do Do. do Do. Romblon Island of Sibuyan. Ley te Luzon. Samar Camote Island Cebu. Guimaras Island Iloilo. Leyte Luzon. Samar Zambales Do. Tayabas Do. Nueva Ecija Do. Romblon Zambales Do. Sorsogon Do. Albay Do. Tayabas Do. Sorsogon Do. Surigao Camarines Norte Do. Levte Do. ....'.do Do. do Do. Surigao Mindanao. do Do. Tayabas Luzon. Bulacan Do. Romblon Leyte Do. Nueva Ecija Do. Concepcion Iloilo. Tayabas Luzon. Bulacan Do. _ Principe Do. ' Tavabas Do. do Do. Nueva Ecija Do. Manila Nueva Ecija Luzon. Laguna Do. Union Do. do Do. do Do. Sibuyan Romblon. Bulacan Luzon. North Ilocos Do. Laguna Do. do Do. North Ilocos Do. do Do. Laguna Do. do Do. do Do. Romblon Neu va Ecija Do. Pangasinan Do. do Do. do Do. do Do. Leyte I Do. Bataan ] Do. Rizal Do. Masbate do Do. Laguna I Do. Ali.samis | Mindanao. Leyte | Bataan I Luzon. 30 KKl^OKT OF FORESTRY BIJREAIT, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Licenses (/ranted by the forentry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. Licensee. Date. Antonio Munoz i June 24 Anlduio KMinuindo Juno 2G Josv Mij.-uT.s Kalhind Limpieo Meliton Kuiz InchauMti Co Ignacio I'rota W.M.Taylor Quentin Matanaran Angel Banaaz Cipriano P. Cruz Nicolas Galvin Martin Vinluan George I. Tanls ....do Harry F. Kendall G. W. Langford Enrique I^ar Fernando Jansiango Franrisco (iaroia Vergara . . Severo Sanchez J. H.(;rcl'kcns Braulio Kloriaso Quirinii Timoteo Lucas I'rado GrcLiorio Bangalan Clenicntc Maiiuiraya Tranciinliono Taiiuinod Hcrnid'^'^fncs Tantiangco .. . Grcgiiriii Ta la vera Buenaventura Banzon Pn )tasi(> Cuaderno Francisco Codina Mariano Moreno A. L. Biraloss (agent) .....do Vicente Mijares Ramnn Ijagdameo Verisimo Va.squez , Henry Strauss Arend Van Wissnigen H. A. Sanger , do Frank L. Bourns Benite Legarda Denietrio Tuason Ball lino Ijinipuco Juan Palmer do do Josc' Izquierdo Juan Palmer Andres Diaz Rodriguez Leoncio J. ArauUo Fianeisco Rodriguez Manuel Paves Guana Domingo Gutierrez Luis .\siuici6n SiniDn liainos Manuel Miguez Julian A. Jargea Pantaleon Garcia John Bordman, jr do A. M. Eaton, jr do do Vicente Gay Igidio Llanes Francisco Brillante Remigio Hanico Bernardo. Marcial Estella Location. Province. Bataan Luzon ...do... ...do... June 28 ...do... ...do... June 29 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ....do.. do .. July 1 ....do.. July 3 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. July G ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do... Julv 8 ....do... ....do... ....do... July 9 ....do... ....do... July 10 ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... July 12 ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do... ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Julv 13 ...do.. ...do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. July 15 ....do.. ....do.. Manila . Leyte Nueva Ecija Sorsogon ....do Nueva Ecija Misamis Cavite Rizal Bataan , Pangasinan ....do Leyte do Bataan North II0C0.S Bataan Nueva Ecija Tavabas Tarlac Bataan do Laguna Capiz Cagavan do do Bataan do do do do Camarines Norte Levte ....".do Bataan Tayabas Marinduque Bataan Principe Rizal Infanta Paragua do do Bulacan Bataan Zambales Pampanga Tarlac do Nueva Ecija Bataan Camarines Norte Bataan Romblon Laguna Bulacan Paragua Bulacan do Iloilo do (^alamianes Islands . Iloilo do Occidental Negros . . Zambales Bataan Luban Zambale.s , Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panav. Do. Do. Do. Luzon. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 31 Licenses granted h]i tltc farcMrii hurcatt, Mmdla, P. I. — Continued. FIREWOOD LICENSES. No. Licensee. Date. Province. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2^ 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 i 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Francisco Garcia y Vcrgara HcriiiufJTcncs Tan Tiangco Ramon l-aj^daineo John Orr ....do .• Philippine Lumber and Development Co ....do Herhcrt R. Spencer Ramon Sanz JoK" Izqnierdo Mariano Vega do Marcclo Tiglao Jap tjuian MiinucI Xicto Folix Bautista Sixtd Sim Agustin Carlos Si'rraiio do do Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) Marcelini) Tongco Clari) l.agdnmeo Evangelisto VictoriiUHP Guiamboa Forbes .Viiderson I'rbiino Benito Gregorio de Jesus Jose Iz(iuierdo .\ntonio Domingucz do Ignaeio Naval Jose .Mnieda Miguel Antiporda Johan Thodcer Lund Ccnon Rodriguez Mariano Tactaquin Francisco Garcia Li'on Trinidad .\ntonio de Tablante Protasio (^uaderno Federico Kauffman (agent) Manuel .Vrbona Francisco Urizar Wilbur. I. McLee ....do. Fidel P. Sias | do . Cesario Oganiza ' do . Rafael ( 'al vo I do . Mariano Ouandia I do . Severiuo Valeses do . Cornelio Malibiran Luis Samson Tomas l\odriguez Crescencio Rebullada Cauuto del ('astillo... Jose V. Castellano Province. Iloilo. Do. Do. Do. Cagayan. Iloilo. Zambales. Morong. Tayabas. Bataan. Morong. Zamboanga. Benguet. Do. Laguna. Matti, Mindanao. Zamboanga. Matti. Cagayan. Tayabas. Bataan. ("agayan. Bataan. Tayabas. Morong. Zambales. Iloilo, Panav. Do. Do. Zambales. Pampanga. Morong. Tieao, Mindanao. Laguna. Pampanga. Pangasinan. Nueva Ecija. Iloilo, Panay. Batangas. Manila. Bulacan. Morong. Bataan. Zambales. Do. Do. Bataan. Masbate. Batangas. Pangasinan. Do. Do. Cavite. Bataan. Do. Do. Do. Do. Capiz. Tayabas. Sorsogon. Lagima. Tarlac. Laguna. Panay Island. Bataan. ('agayan. IMorong. Pangasinan. Do. Tavabas. Albay. Bulacan. Bataan Do. Do. Do. Do. Zambales KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 33 Licenses granted by the fore/^lrt/ hnreav, Manila, P. I. — Continued. FIKKWOOI) LICENSES— Contiiuiod. No. Licensee. Date. Province. 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 1 2 3 4 6 € 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Jos(5 Diaz .\gnilar .\ntoni() Lopez Felisa Viojo Jnsto (Jiirciu Oiif,'-Tinnc< ) Fl(iriii(i( > I )equito M. >L KiKiiera.s Rafael ("a! vo Felix Rubles de la Rama Ramon Lagdameo Juan Jaldon Patricio Bavlon ... .do ■ Celestino Mercader .\nt. Iturri it Ramon Manueri. Tomas Klaiieo Francisco Bayan Antonio Saiz M. Peypocli cV Co Estetian Cervantes Ped n p M agcasi Cirilo Manalota Gabriel ( 'ord de Cruz Luis Sorriano Jose Barriero Evaristo Ortiz Elena Brodeth Flaviana Cuninan Marianf) Mangonan Evarista Ortiz Cosnie de Churruca (agent) . . . Joaquin Buenviaje Floreneio Melieoton Florentina Fria AiiKel Banaag Engracio .Santiago Thomas F. Page Francisco Garcia Vergara Protasio Cuaderno Buenaventura Banzon Ramon Lagdameo Frank S. Bourns Benito Legarda Denietrio Juason Jose Grialte A. M.Eaton, jr do Francisco Brillante Agajiito Dionisio Aypolonio Banuclos l)oiHiuga Salandanan 1901. Mav 14 ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... ....do... Mav 16 ....do... IMav 17 Mav 22 May 28 ....do... Mav 29 ....do... May 31 June 1 ....do... ....do... ....do... June 5 ....do... ....do... ....do... June 17 ....do... ....do... June 19 June 24 June 28 July 3 ....do... ....do... July 6 ....do... ....do... July 8 July 10 ....do... ....do... July 12 July 13 ....do... ....A(S... July 15 ....do... ....do... Leyte. Morong. Tavabas. Tarlac. Tavabas. Do. Hollo, Panay. Camarines Sur. Iloilo, Panay. Samar. Zamboanga. Sorsogon. Albay. Sorsogon. Camarines Norte. Masbate. Bulacan. Concepcion, Iloilo. Tayabas. Bulacan. Do. Pampanga. Tayabas. Bataan. Laguna. Pampanga. Iloilo, Panay. Bataan. Pangasinan. Tarlac. Leyte. Morong, Rizal Prov. Capiz, Panay. Bataan. Morong, Rizal Prov. Pampanga. Laguna. Tayabas. Bataan. Do. Tayabas. Paragua. Do. Do. Morong, Rizal Prov. Iloilo. Do. Bataan. Pampanga. Do. Bataan. DYEWOOD LICENSES. No. Licenses. Date. Location. Province. 1 1901. Jan. 1 Jan. 24 do ... do Panay Iloilo. 2 Frias y Ca John T. Maclcod do Francisco Sainz Jose Tulueta Clemente Tarate Dan'l Coryell Po-Guiao Manuel Perez de Eagle John H. Carter do Do. 3 Matti. 4 do Do. 5 do ... do Zamboanga. 6 Feb. 15 do Iloilo. 7 . . .do Do. 8 Feb. 21 Feb. 25 Mar. 7 May 15 June 26 July 13 do Masbate. 9 Iloilo. 10 do Do. 11 Luzon Zambales. 12 do Tavabas. 1 A. M. Eaton, jr do Iloilo. 2 .do . Do. 11064—01- 34 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Licenncii granted by the forestry bareitn, Mdiiila, F. I. — Continued. LICENSES FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. No. Guillermo Caldes Ramon Sanz Ramon Lacdamso Carlos Serrano do do Antonio Correa y Pamar, as representative of the "Cam- pania Gral de Tabacosde Fili- pinas." Claro Lacdimies Evangelista . . . ^liituti' HunnaiKi.s KstanisliM) Corral Luis Ariiiildt FruiK'iscd Garcia Victoriaiio L. Evangelista Antonio Maximo Vicente Crivino Vicente Caiiuira Jose ("aballero Antonio Correa y Pamar (agent) Tan Iceo '. Frank S. Bourns (agent) John Macleod John Macleod Francisco Sainz Luis Hidal,t;o Cliicotc y Sanchez y Ca Eclesforo Kayani Gregorio Banilla Francisco Urizar Rafael Calvo do Date. 1900 Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. do ....do Sept. Sept. Sept. ...do Oct. Nov. Nov. ...do ...do Dec. ...do 1901 Jan. Jan. ...do i Jan. ...do ...do Jan. Feb. Apr. ...do Mav ...do ...do Mariano onandia Juan .hildon J.W.Winkelbaek Mclclior Ciistejon Francisco Sanz M.l'cyiioch y Ca Cosme de Chirruca (agent) Justo Porcnna Tomas Blanco ....do ...do May May J une June June June July Location. Sibuyan Island Masbate Island Tayabas Masbate Cicao Island . . . Burias Island . . Cagayan Tayabas Davao do Tayaba.s do do do Masbate Island Zambales Romblon Tavaba.s ....".do Zamboanga Malti do Zamboanga Cagayan Davao Zambales Tayabas Caiayan Island . . Tayabas South Camarines Albay Zamboanga Davao Tablas Sibuyan Tayabas Leyte Tayabas Masbate Island .. Province. Romblon. Masbate. Luzon. Masbate. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Mindanao. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Masbate. Luzon. Romblon. Luzon. Do. Mindanao. Do. Do. Luzon. Mindanao. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Do. Romblon. Do. Luzon. Leyte. Luzon. Masbate. GRATUITOUS LICENSE. Tomas Ganara Silvino Isla Leoncio Paras Cosme Lasmarias. . Leoncio Paras Alcalde municipal Lieut. L. H. Rand Captai n Tia iiza Peter Buckley John F. Reaves Sct,i;cant Miller, Signal Corps.. Lieut. Basil O. Lenoir Padre Patricio Calderon Lieut. VV. H. H. Chapman Lieut. Robert H Brooks Maj. VV.N. Wotherspoon Lieutenant Stickle Capt.I. P.O'Neil Presidente municipal of Cama- laniugan. Nicolas Marzal Boni facia Keves Colonel MccAskcy Leaudro Coroncl Grcgorio P. .Vntonio I'helps Whitmarsh Presidente municipal of Mon- cada. Capt. H. L. Draper do Presidente municipal of Pam- plona. Alcalde municipal of Dagupan 1900, Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. 1901 Jan. ....do ....do ....do Jan. Feb. Feb. Apr. Apr. Apr. Mav ....do June Luzon . do. do. do. 2,3 do. 28 t do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do .do Pan de Azucar . Luzon do do Juno 10 do do do June 18 i do June 19 do do do June 20 do June 21 do June 27 do do do June 29 Pamplona. .do. Luzon Tarlae. Do. Do. Union. Tarlae. Do. Zambales. Benguet. Do. Do. Cagayan. Manila. Iloeos Norte. Zambales. Iloilo. Nueva Ecija. Zambales. Cagayan. Zambales. Do. Iloeos Norte. Pampanga. Do. Benguet. Tarlae. Bataan. Zambales. Cagayan. Pangasinan, REPORT OF FORESTRi' BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 35 Genera I iUM. Ok HERS, \ No. 92. J Oi'FicE U. S. Military Governor, Philippine Islands, Manila, P. I., June 27, 1900. The following provisions ba^ed on existing law, and amendatory thereto, prescribing the tariff on State timber, and regulations for the utilization of forest products in the public forests of the Philippine Islands, shall have the force and effect of law on and after July 1, 1900; but existing law on the same subjects shall remain valid, except in so far as herein modified or repealed, expressly, or by necessary implication. Chaiter I. — Tariff on State timber and instructions for its application. Article 1. Timber shall be classified into six groups as indicated in the tables below. Art. 2. The unit of measure shall be, for the present, the cubic foot. It is recom- mended that lumber dealers accustom their employees to the use of the metric system. Art. 3. The price per cubic foot for the valuation of State timber shall be as indi- cated in the following table. The price shall be the same in all parts of these islands: [Cents per cubic foot.] Superior group 14 First group 10 Second group 8 Third group 3 Fourth group 2 Fifth group 1 Art. 4. The State sells its trees standing, excluding the bark in measuring the tree. Art. 5. Inasmuch as the measurement of standing timber can not always be made, for lack of available forestry employees, the concessioners may stack the timber hewn or cut up, subject to the additional charges hereinafter provided. Art. 6. In round timber the length of the piece and the circumference in the middle section shall be measured. Art. 7. When the logs are presented rough hewn — i. e., where a section is approxi- mately octagonal (four sides being hewn and the other four with the bark on) — the dimensions shall be taken by measuring the length and average transverse section, but said section shall be a quadrilateral, formed by prolonging the four larger sides — i. e., the four hewn sides. Art. 8. If the logs be hewn square, the contents shall be ascertained by measuring the length and an average transverse section, but in such cases the valuation shall be increased 25 per cent for the wood lost in hewing the tree square. Art. 9. The cubic contents of sawed timber shall be ascertained as in the preceding article, carrying out the figures to tenths of a cubic "point;" but the increase in valuation (to make up for loss in the sax^ing) shall be limited to 15 per cent. Art. 10. Wood of the Camagon tree, when presented stripped of its inner bark or surplusage, using only the heart wood, as is the custom of the trade, shall be meas- ured according to the cubic contents actually presented, but the valuation shall be increased 100 per cent. Art. 11. Lcjgs of ebony trimmed down in like manner to the black hard wood shall be measured according to the cubic contents actually presented, as in the preceding case, but the valuation shall be increased 200 per cent. Art. 12. The woods of groups 3, 4, and 5 only may be cut for fuel. Art. 13. Classification of woods as per first article: I. SUPERIOR GROUP. No. Popular names. Calantas . Camagon Dungon . . Ebano ... Ipil Mancono. Molave... Narra Teca Tindalo . . Yacal Urung ... Scientific names. Cedrela Toona Roxb. Dio.ipyros discolor Willd. Heritiera silvatica Vidal. Mnba biixifolia Fors. Afzelia bijuga A. Gray. Xiinthostemon Verdugonianus, Naves. Vitex altissima Li. PtiTocariius iudicus Willd. Tfctona grandis Li. Afzelia rhomboidea Vidal. Hiipea plagata Vidal. Fragraea fragans Roxb. 36 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. II. FIRST GROL-P. No. Popular names. Acle Alahan Camphor Aliiitatao Ainil)inK BansahiKuiii Batifuling Batitinan Bavuco Bctis Caimining Cubi Jara LaiR'ta Malatapay Calamansaiiay Camayuan or Tamauyan Scientific names. Pitliocolobium acle, Viflal. Diospiros. Cinnamomum caiiipluiratuin, Bl. Diospiros. Artocarpus oflorata, Blanco. Minmsop parvifolia, Hr. Litsca Pcrrottctii.B.cl 11. Lafjcrstrii'iiiia Batitinan, Willd. Artdcarims laiicculata, Tree. Azaola btti.s, Blanco. Murraya exotica, Li. Artocarpus Cumingiana, Trecul. Garcinia. Wriglitia ovata, A. I). ('. Alanguium octopctaluni, Blanco. Terminalia Calamansanay, Rolfe. Gino.sporia. III. SECOND GROUP. Agoho Alalangat Alpay Alupac-amo. .. Amuguis 1st . . Aranga Banaba Banitan Batino Bayuco 2cl Bahnvo Bilolo Bolong eta Calimantao . . . Calingag Cana fistula. .. Catmon Dolitan Dungon-latc . . Guijo Guipato Guisihan Lanutan Macaasln Madre cacao . . Malacadios . . . Malacapon Malacatmou . . Malaruhat 30 1 Mangachiiiaiy 31 I MaHLrasiiiiivo. . Mangasiriiiuc. Marang Mulauin aso . . Nangca 36 I Nato 37 I Oavan 38 Paitan 39 ' Palavcn 40 Palo Maria.... 41 I Pasac 42 j Pusopuso 43 I Romero 44 I Sirique 45 Supa . 46 ~ 47 48 Tanguile Toob or Tua Tucan-calao Casuarina sequisetifolia, Li. Adenantera pavonina, Li. Xcphcliuni .tjlabrnm, Noronch. Ncplifliuni l(iii>fana. Cams. Odiiia si)eci()sa, Bl. Honialiiun, Barandse. Vidal. Lagcrstracmia, Flos Reginae, Ret. Xyl(ii)ia BlancDi, Xal. Alstonia macrophylla, Willd. Artocarpus. ' Albizzia. Sizygium. Diospyros pilosanthera, Bl. Evodia. Cinnamomum Mercadoi, Vidal. (';issia fistula. Li. Dillenia philippinensi, Li. l'alai|uiuin. Hcriticra littoralis, Drians. Diptcnicarpus Gui.so, Bl. •? Ratonia montana, Bt. et Hook. Thespe.sia Campylociphon, Rolf. Eugenia. Glirisidia maculata, B. A. H. Mvristica. Dillenia Reiffercheidia, Fer. V. Eugenia. Shorea Mangachapuy, Bl. Shorea. Que re us. Artocarpus. Prcmna nauseosa, Blanco. Artocarpus integrifolia, Li. Stereulia. Quercus Blaucoy, A. D. C. Eugenia. Quercus. Calopyllum inopliyllum, Li. Pygeiim arboreum", Endl. Litseachinensis, Lam. Podocarpus costalis, Presl. Quercus. Sindora Wallichii, Benth. Shorea Talura. Roxb. Biscofia .Javaniica, Bl. Stereulia. IV. THIRD GROUP. Abilo Alagao Alamag Aden paran Anagap Aninapla ... Anobling ... Garuga Floribunda, Dene. Premna vestila, Schaner. Aporosa. Albizzia. Pithecolobium labatmn, Benth. Albizzia procera, B. Talauma Angatensis, Vidal. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 37 IV. THIRD GROUP— Continued. Popular names. Scientific names. Anonang Anatan Apitoug Bagarilao Bagarilao na itim. Baguilumboy Bahay ." Balinhasay Balobo Balucanat Banitan Batete Batobato Bayabas Bayoc Bitoc Bunglas Calumpit Camanehiles Cansuyot Cunalong Cupang Dalindigan Dalinsi Danglin Dao Dinglas Ditaa Duclap Duguan Galagala Gatasan Guyonguyon Hagadhad Lauan Libato Lucban gubat Lunbang Magarapale Magarilao Malaanoiiang Malabayabas MalacadiDS Malacmalac Malasagiiin puti .. Maiiialis Manbog Manga Manungal Cordia mixa, Li. Ochna fasoicularis, Bl. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Bl. Nauclea. Terminalia. Si.syglum. Ormosia calavcnsis, Bl. Buchanaiiia liorida, Schaner. Diplddiscus [iMiiiciiliittis, Turcz. Alt'urites trispiTma, Bl. Xilopia blancoi, Xal. Wrightia. Litsea. Psidiiim guyabas, Li. PteriisptTuium acerifolium, Willd. Ciillophillum. Zizygimn. Teriuiiiulia edulis, Bl. Pithec'olobium dulce, Benth. Antidesma. Diospiro.s. Parkia Roxburghii, G. Don. Shorea. Terminalia. Grewia multiflora, Fuss. Dracontomelum. Eugenia. Alstonia scholaris, Li. Zizyphus. Myristica Fatua, Hoult. Agathi.s lorantifolia, Sabist. Garcinla. Cratoxylon floribundum, F. Will. Dipttrocarpus pilosus, Roxb. Anisoptera Thurifera, Bl. Cumingia philippinensis, Vidal. Citrus. Aleuritis Trisperma, Bl. Terminalia. Terminalia. Dipterocarpus. Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Villar. Myristica. Palaquin. Eugenia. Pittosporum Fernandezii, Vidal. Stephegyne diversifolia, Hook. Magifera indica. Gaertu. Samadera indica, Gaertu. Matabao . Mayapis Dipterocarpus. Pagatpat. Pagsiiinguin Palosapis Paho Pili Panao (Balao) ., Pipi Pulanbalat Quiuay-Quinay , Sacat ." . . Saleng Sampoloc , Tabigui Talisay Tapulao Tacuitaqui Tunbona.so. Sonneratia acida, Li. Canarium Cumingii, Engl. Shorea. Mangifera altissima, Blanco. Canarium ovatum, Engl. Dipterocarpus hispidus, F. Villar. Litsea Garciae, Vidal. Sizygium. Bridelia. Terminalia sumatrana, Mig. Pinus insularis, Endl. Tamarindus indieus, Li. Carapa moluccensis, Lam. Terminalia Catappa, LI. Pinus Mercusii, Jungh. Morinda umbellata, Li. V. FOURTH GROUP. Agos-os I Ficus pungens, Reinw. Agupanga | Chisocheton sp. Alauihao Dracontonu'him. Alasas Ficus asparata, Bl. Amugan I'igeum Maiugayi, Hook. Amuyon Mclodoruni fulgens, H. A. T. Anam Biuhanania nitida, Engl. Anilao ( 'olumbia anilao, Bll. Aroma ; Acacia farnesiana L. Asactalong ' Phyllanthus sp. 38 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. Popular names. Scientific names. Asis Ata-iita Baciiu Bacodong Bagaluga Bagoiiito Bagontao , Bago-santol Bait Balacat , Balnsabis Balay-bayan Balay-ohot Balibago Baligainban Balinaonao Baloc Baloc baloc Baluan Balubat BaUicot Ballan-ballan Banagnling Banah) Baiiato Banealanan Bancudo or Nino Bangate Bang-got Bani Batingui Barinconcoron... Barusa Batang-hisan Batican Bating Batsan Bausio Bayac-usa Bayit Bigas Bignay Bignay-calabao . Bilaun Bilucao Binayuyo Binting-dalaga . Binunga Boc-boc Bogo Boto-buti Botong Bubuy Cabong-cabong . Cabuyao Cacao-cacauan.. Cagatungan Calay Caliangtang Caloc-catmo Calumpang Cami-oi Canoniay Caraol Caropsan Carumanj)at Caturay Cugao Ctilin-manog Culis , Cuyaquia , Cnyas-c\iyas Daluroy Dangle Daniri Danloy Dimyay Dapdap Dila-dila , Dilang biitiinii. . Dondonay Duca ". Ficus heterophylla, L. Melia duvia, Cav. Cupania sp. Canarium. Zizyphus sp. Cupania regularis, Blume. Pterospermum divereifolium, Bl. Hibiscus tiliaceus, L. Capura sp. Sapindus sp. Pongamia glabra, Vent. Macaranga, sp. Anacardium sp. Garcinia Cowa, Roxb. Leea sp. Cordia subcordata, Lam. Mullotus philippinensis, Muller. Terminalia sp. Morinda bracteata, L. Pemphis sp. Dracontomelum sp. Dracontomelum. Orchipeda sp. Jambosa sp. Zizyphus sp. Antidesnia bunius L. Antidesma chaesembilla, Goertn. Macaranga mappa, Mueller. Garcinia sp. Antidesma cumingii, Mull. Micromelum sp. Macaranga tanarius, Mull. Streblus sp. Garuga sp. Barringtonia speciosa, L. Eriodendron anfractuosum, D. C. Citrus histrix, D. C. Talauma. Pygeum parvifolium, Taip. Xylopia. Leea Sambucina, Willd. Vidalia sp. Esterculia faetida, L. Diospyros. .\cacia sp. Linociera luzonica, Bl. Se.sbania grandiflora, Pers. Canthium Mite. Benth. Memecylon edule, Roxb. Pometia sp. Aglaia argentea, Bl. Euphorbia sp. Grewia sp. Erythrina indica, Lam. Dittelasma sp. REPORT OB^ FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 39 V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. Popular names. Dumpilan Himbabao HonK') Hopong-Hopong Hugud Kugao Lagasft Lagnig Lamio Lc'ptasao Libas Ligaa Ligas Lipote Lubtob Lunas Luiias-na-itim Llapa Maata Macaturay Maga ." Magabagaba Magarambulo Maguilic Malaaduas Malabago Malabonga Malabulac Malacacao Malacamote Malacauayan Malaciia ." Malaga-api Malaga-itiman Malaiba Malaicmo Malanbang Mahmg-daiaga Malai>aliti>it Malapapnya Malasamat Malasambong Malasanqui Malasantol Malatagon Malatigui Malatubie Malanban Manay Matan-cuao JIalibog Matobato Matungoc Mauayan Nanagdong Oonog Orihnon Paihot Palang Panialatagnon Pandaoaqui Pangilinon Payaquitan Pingol Postalagon Pototan Pugauy i Nelistris sp Purav ". Pntad Qniniang Quio Rubian Sagum-sagum Salab Salaniungay Salasic Saliiigogon Sipit-cait Subiim-daga S\iti(i-subo Sulipa !^"pi Surug Scientific names. Exccecaria agallocha, Mull. Eleocarpus sp. Clausena sp. Dracontomelum mangiferum, Bl. Eugenia sp. Scmecarpus anacardium, Li. Eugenia sp. Ficus launfolia, Bl. Lunasia amara, Bl. Gonocarum tarlacense, Vid. Stereospermum sp. Aritera rufescens, Radlk. Cyelostemon sp. Litsea sp. Hibiscus sp. Iteadaphne confusa, Bl. Bombax malabaricum, D. C. Talauma. Beddomea luzoniensis, Vid. Hemegyro.sa deficienis, Bed. Cletra canescens, Rauiro. Phyllanthus sp. ("eltls philippinensis, Bl. Mai lotus sp. Sapindus Turczadinowii, Vid. Polyscia Cumingiana, Pers. Vernonia arborea, Ham. Cinnamomum sp. Sandoricum borneense, Mig. Canarium sp. Albizzia sp. Sizygium sp. Barringtonia sp. Albizzia julibrisin, Durog. Man^ifera. Acalipha sp. Canthium. Tabernaemontana coronaria, Br. Wornia sp. Engelhardtia sp. Gomphia angustifolia, Vabl. Ceriops candollanea, Arm. Barringtonia racemosa, Bl. Ardisia sp. Cnpania sp. Aglaia sp. Plectronia .«p. Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. •10 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. Popular names. Scientific names. Susuguin Tabaldo Tabiu) Tabayos Taboc Tadean Taligauan Talio Tambis Tanag Tanglon Taquit-asim. .. Tayocan Tical Tinaan Tinaan-pantay Tingan Tinga-tingrt . . . Tingcal Tive-tive Toquian Tua Tulang-manog Uban Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. Aegle decandra, Nav. Pterospermum sp. Eugenia. Kleinhovia hospita, L. Amoora sp. Mallotus moluccanus, JIull. Aglaia sp. Phyllantgus sp. Rubiacea. Pterospermum obliquum, Bl Agleia sp. Terstroemia Llanosii, Vid. Delichandrone Rheedii, L. Premna sp. VI. FIFTH GROUP. Bacao Bacauan Biuas Bungalon . . . Calibayoan . Culasi Langaray . . . Libato-pula , Libato-puti . Nilad Tangal Tingan-baqui.s . Rhizophora conyugata, L. Bruguiera Carvdphvlloides, Bl. Kandelia Rheedii. \V. et A. Avieennia dtliciiialis, L. Bruguiera eridpetala, Wilz. Luninitzera racemosa, Willd. Bruguiera parvi flora, Wetk. L\uniiit/,era Cdcciuea, \V. et A. duninKii pliilippineusis, Vid. Seypluphora liidmphylla, Goertn. Ceriosp Roxburhiana, A. Rhizophora mucronata, Lam. ^Egiceras majus, Goertn. Anahao Livingstona rotundifolia, Mart. Anibong Areca Nibung, Mart. Balatbat Licuala sp. Balon-luyon Corypha sp. Banga Wailichia. Barangoy Orania. Bonga Areca catecliu. L. Arenga saccarifera, Lab. Wailichia sp. Caryota sp. Iguanura. Areca sp. Lieuala elegans, Mart. Cauon Dayuca Dumayaca . Lum iac . . . Luyos Maoasilad.. Palindan j Bentinchia sp. Pinag I Areca alba Rumph. var. genocarpa, Kumth. Pugahan Caryota urens, L. Saguisi ' Tamis-san j Cocos sp. Taquipan I Caryota Rumphiaua, Mart. Tibanglang t New species added to above list as investigation continues. A total of 665 species now on list. Ch.vpter II. — The utilization of timber in the State forests. Art. 14. One year from the date of license shall be allowed for the felling and removal of timber. When the time allowed is not sufficient to admit of this, an application for a new license must be made within such time as will admit the issu- ing of the same before the expiration of the legal linijit of the old license. Art. 15. Felled timber shall be piled in cleared places in such a manner that meas- urements may be readily ascertained. Art. 16. The concessioner shall advise the chief of the forest section of the time REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 41 the cnttinp will commence, shall state in what jurisdiction it will be effected, the places where the timber will be piled, and the names and residences of his repre- sentatives. Art. 17. No concessioner holdinjr a license for the ordinary cutting of wood shall be allowed to act at the same time for a concessioner holding a gratuitous license. Art. 18. The concessioner having cut the wood, shall be held responsible by the State for its value as per othcial tariff. If, at the expiration of the time of his license, he has not taken the timl>er out of the forest, in addition to its value he will be held, responsible for any damages which may have resulted to be estimated and approved by the forestry official of the district. Art. 19. The carrier of sawed lumber, transi)orting same from lumber yards oi" private warehouses, must be provided with a receipt, signed by the owner of the- establishment from which it came, showing in detail the number and cla.sses of the pieces. These receipts will be shown to the forestry officials when asked for, in order to show where the lumber came from and avoid confusing same with products^ which are carried direct from the public forests. Art. 20. Constructors of vessels shall procure licenses and pay the value of the timber used, ami must furnish the local forest official with a statement of the timber cut, which statement said official verifies. Art. 21. After inspection and valuation of timber is made, the order of payment is given, and after said payment is made and receipt shown the concessioner is free to use the timber. Art. 22. No vessel, whatever its size, built of timber from the public forests can' put to sea without having paid for the timber used, except as provided in the regula- tions governing the gratuitous use of timber. Art. 23. 1. Owners of mining concessions must pay an annual rent or tax for the- ground so occupied, which tax shall be regulated by the greater or less adaptability of the ground to the purposes of forest or agricultural cultivation. A bond of suffi- cient amount shall also be required to cover any damage which may happen to the trees or forest products from said mining operations, the conditions to be fixed by~ this office, after due notice. 2. Owners of mining concessions, or their legal representatives, shall procure from this office a license before utilizing state timber in their mining operations. 3. Applications for said licenses shall be forwarded through the mining bureau, in which ai)plication shall be described the mining concessions they possess or repre- sent, the forest or forests in which the timber is to be cut, the kinds of woods desired, and the approximate quantity; also the uses to which the timber is to- be put. Art. 24. 1. Those who may desire to engage in the business of burning charcoal in the public forests shall comply with the forestry regulations in everything which relates to the utilization of the forest products, and must provide themselves with- the necessary licenses. 2. After felling trees, and before commencing the process of burning for charcoal, the party interested shall present to the local forestry official an itemized statement of the timber felleil, which will be verified and valued by that official, who will give the order of payment. After payment the party is at liberty to proceed with the burning, exercising care to do so at a sufficient distance from standing timber so as not to cause damage, and he shall be held responsible for any damage so caused. Art. 25. Concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the president of the respective town, where the wood is being piled. Upon failure to do- as prescribed a penalty will be incurred of 25 per cent of the value of the wood. Art. 26. Constructors of vessels and charcoal burners who fraudulently report to- the forestry official the number of pieces of wood cut will pay, in addition to the value of the excess, a fine of 25 per cent of its value. Ch.^pter III. — TJte gratuitous use of stale thnber. Art. 27. 1 . Licenses for the free use of timber shall be issued without charge by this office. 2. Said licenses shall be issued to needy residents of towns upon application, to which application shall be attached a certificate, signed by the president or alcalde- of the town, stating the circumstances and actual need in each particular case. No- charge shall be made for this certificate. 3. Said timber must be used exclusively in the construction of houses in -which the parties making a{)plication are going to live or have place of business or for repair of same, for the manufacture of their implements of industry, in the construc- tion of one or two bancas for the purpose of fishing or for the transportation of their agricultural products. 42 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 4. The amount of tini1>er thus conceded to needy residents by gratuitous license shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet. Art. 28. Tree species of the superior and first groups, as laid down in the official tariff on state tinil)er, are not to be cut under a gratuitous license. Art. 29. Timber for the construction of ))ridges, government buildings, and other works of a jtublic character undertaken by tlie government may be obtained by gratuitous license issued by this office, application being made by the proper official. Art. ho. Needy residents, and those persons in charge of the construction of pub- lic works, desiring licenses for the gratuitous use of State timber, shall send their applications, with other documents, to the chief forestry official of the district or section, and in case there is no such official available, to the district commander, who will forward same with the necessary indorsements to this office. Art. 31. When the work referred to in article 29 is done by contract the con- tractor must procure an ordinary license and comply with all the requirements of same. Art. 32. Six months from date of license shall be allowed needy residents in which to fell and remove said timber. One year from date of license for such pur- pose shall be allowed persons engaged in the construction of public works. When there is not sufficient time in which to finish said work, a new license should be \Solicited, in time so that it may be issued before the expiration of the old license. Art. 33. There shall be attached to applications for gratuitous licenses to cut tim- ber for public works a statement of the number of pieces, classes, and dimensions of the wood required. Art. 34. A concessioner shall notify the chief forestry official of the respective section, of the time and place of cutting, and where the timber is to be stacked, and the location of the public works for which the timl^er was granted. Art. 35. A gratuitous license shall not be issued to timber dealers nor to those holding an ordinary license. Art. 36. The concessioner, after cutting is finished, shall notify in writing the chief of the forest section, inclosing a statement of the timber cut. Art. 37. Timber can not be taken out of the jurisdiction of the town where cut unless accompanied by a manifest authenticated by the local forestry official, or in his absence by the president of the town (no charge shall be made for this authenti- cation). The concessioner shall, as per foregoing article, remit this manifest to the iorestry official of the section after said timt)er has arrived at the location of above- mentioned public works. Said timber shall be detained in case of failure to show a [proper manifest, and, in addition, a fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the wood so detained shall be imposed. Art. 38. The chief forestry official of the forest section or the ranger of the pre- cinct shall see that the cutting is carried on in conformity with these regulations and terms of license. He shall compare the statements received from the concessioner .and inspect and measure the wood piled or used in said public works. Art. 39. The concessioner shall be considered, as per article 30 of these regula- tions, as an appointee of the district commander or other competent authority, and also as his representative in the execution of said public work, and shall be held per- sonally responsible for any violation of these regulations. Art. 40. The concessioner is prohibited from giving away or selling a single piece of wood cut under this form of license, not even under the pretext that it is surplus wood. The wood must be used for the purpose for which it was granted, and should there be any surplus said surplus shall be deposited in the presidencia of the town at the order of the chief of the forest section, who will immediately arrange for its sale at public auction. In such a case the concessioner shall have no right to indemnity of any character, not even for expense of felling, hewing, or transporta- tion, etc. Art. 41. Should any person with a proper license for cutting timber for his per- sonal and exclusive use or for public work cut a greater quantity than is allowed in said license, or takes different classes from those specified, or applies them to a dif- ferent object tlian that stated Ijy the concessioner, or speculates in them, shall pay the value of the timber and, in addition, a fine of three times its value. Art. 42. Presidents or alcades of towns shall carefully attend to all who desire certificates referred to in the twenty-seventh article and shall exercise care not to make any false statements as to the needs of tlie applicants, under a penalty of $20 fine for the first offense and an indictment before the courts in case of repetition. Art. 43. Concessioners of gratuitous licenses shall notify the local forest official, or in his absence the president or alcade of the town of the different places where the wood is l)oing ])iled. Failure to do so shall render concessioner lial)le to a fine equal to 25 per cent of the value (as per official tariff) of the wood so ])iled. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 43 CiiAF'TKR IV. — Firewood for tlie market. Art. 44. 1. Lici'ii.^os to cut firewood for the market, to be cut in the State forests* shall l)e issued fmiii this ofiice. 2. Ai)i)li(ati(ius for said lii;enses shall be delivered to the chief of the forest district or section, wlu) will forward same to this office with the necessary remarks. 3. District cDiuiiianders may issue such licenses, after having received the proper information concerning the circumstances of each particular case from the chief of the forest .-section of the locality where the wood is to be cut. 4. District i-ommanders shall notify this office, and also the chief forestry official of the i)rovince, of the numl)er of licenses issued by their order. 5. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the cutting, splitting, and removal of hrewood. 6. When said period is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited, in time to allow of its issue before the expiration of the old license. Akt. 45. The tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only can be used for firewood, and those cutting other species shall render them.selves liable to a fine of four times the value of the wood, which shall be measured and valued as timber, as per official tariff. Art. 46. When there is a great amount of firewood cut, the concessioner shall localize his cutting and pile the wood beyond the forest, to avoid danger of fire when wood becomes dry. Art. 47. When the forest consists of dead and dry timber as a result of fire, all may be cut down, but if the forest is composed of live trees, those to be cut must be selected and cut down close to the ground. In falling, care must be taken that the adjacent standing trees are not injured. Art. 48. When it is not convenient for the concessioner to pay the value of the products utilized in the office of the internal revenue of the province, on account of its distance from the place of cutting, payment may be made to the president or alcalde of the nearest town, who shall receive the amount, give a receipt to the con- cessioner, and send a copy of this receipt to the nearest forestry official. The sums thus collected by presidents or alcaldes shall be turned into the office of internal revenue. Art. 49. The concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the i)resident of the town, where the wood is being piled. If said notice is not prop- erly given a fine of 25 per cent of the value of the firewood shall be imposed. Art. 50. I. Firewood cut in the forests of the State shall be divided into two classes. The first class, whether pieces are round or split, is known in the market under the name of "rajas," from 75 centimeters to 1| meters long, and from 20 to 40 centi- meters in circumference. 2. All firewood in small sticks not of these dimensions belong to the second class. Art. 51. All jtieces exceeding the maximum dimensions fixed for firewood shall be designated as timber, paid for by cubic feet, as per official tariff. Art. 52. 1. Firewood of the first class, destined for home consumption, shall be charged for at the rate of $1 per thousand "rajas," and when intended for export at the rate of $2 per thousand "rajas." 2. Firewood of small size belonging to the second class, destined for home con- sumption, shall be charged for at the rate of 20 cents per cubic meter, and when intended for export at the rate of 40 cents per cubic meter. Proportional charge will l^e made for fractions of a thousand or cubic meter. Ch.\i»tek W — (.'aoxtchouc, gum elastic, (jutta-percha, gum Elastic, rosin {black and irliite), and balao. Art. 53. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the harvesting of this class of ])roducts. When said period of time is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited in time to allow its issue l)efore the expiration of the old license. Art. 54. 1. In extracting these products the (concessioner shall make cuttings or incisions into the trunks of the trees at least 25 centimeters above the ground. The felling of said trees without permission is alKsolutely i)rohibited. 2. These incisions should be made with a very sharp instrument, penetrating the bark and the first layers of wood. 3. The incisions shall be cut horizontally and 25 centimeters in length. 4. When the Bow of the juices is obstructed at the opening, the concessioner will be permitted to recut the outer edges, and to enlarge the incision or cutting by 25 centimeters, jirolonging it upward. 44 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILTrPINE ISLANDS. 5. In those trees which have trunks lueiisuriiifj; more than 40 centimeters in diam- eter (apjiroximately IJ feet), the concessioner will be permitted to make four incisions or cuttings on opposite sides. 6. The width of the cuttings shall never exceed 8 centimeters. 7. A metal or wooden plate may be j)iaced on the lower ])art of the incision to facilitate the collection of the juice. A vessel may be placed under the incision at the foot of the tree. Akt. 55. From the flowering of the tree to the ripening of its fruit, trimming of the edges of said incisions or any lengthening of the same shall not be permitted. Art. 56. Said products may be stored in towns, wanls, or other places, at the con- venience of the concessioner, having j)reviously notified the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence the nearest local authority, in order that the proper legal formalities may be followed. Art. 57. 1. A manifest shall accompany said forest products when transported from one place to another within the same province. Said manifest shall be made out by the chief forestry official of the section or locality; in his absence by the pres- ident or alcalde of the town; or if destined for another province, by the nearest local commander. If the manifest is made by a president, there shall be stated in it the class and weight of each class of products to be removed; but if the manifest is made by the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence by the nearest local commander, there shall also be stated the value of each class of said products. 2. The torest official at point of destination of products has the right to verify the correctness of the manifest or letter of payment which accompanies said products. If any difference should be found between the amounts shown on said documents, and the actual amount of cargo, the concessioner shall pay the amount of excess, and if said excess should be more than the fifth part, shall also incur a fine of twice the value of said excess. Art. 58. Concessioners utilizing this class of products shall for the present pay 10 per cent of its value, as per market price in Manila at time of inspection and meas- urement. Chapter VI. — General provisions. Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be granted by this office. 2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired and the place where said products are to be gathered. 3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as unlawfully cut. 4. No charge shall be made for licenses nor for the authentication or making out of manifests. 5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning, and lanete, of a less diam- eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited. 6. The felling in the state forests of trees, from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and trum elastic are extracted, is prohibited. The following is a partial list of names of the above-mentioned tree species: Agiotin. Tanguisan bagnio. Urostigma sp. Anocep. Tanguisan Bayaba. Artocarpus Camansi. Antipolo. Tibig. Palaquium sp. Palacpalac. Dysoxylum. Ficus sp. Balete. Palaquium. Ficus. Camansi. Artocarpus incisa Li. Ficus cuneata ]\Iig. Malaputad. Palaquimn latifolia Bl. Ficus heterophylla L. Tanguisan. 7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 8. Tlie utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regula- tions shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize said products. Art. 00. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited REPORT OF FORESTRY HUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 45 by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special mention in the license, shall incur a penalty ainountiiitJ: to four times the value of the pror gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registra- tion of title to said land. Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable to the penalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the for- ests of the state. Akt. 77. The officer in charge of the forestry bureau is charged with the duty of preparing the blank forms necessary for the enforcement of the foregoing regulations and distributing the .same as the neces.sities of the service may require. By commancl of Major-General MacArthur: E. H. Crowder, Lieutenant- Colon el Thirty-ninth Infantry, V. S. V., Secretary. FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The Philippine T.slands lie between 4° 45' and 21° north latitude and between 116-^ and 127^ east longitude, with an area of 119,542 .square miles. The islands are all mountainous, some of the hig-h peaks having an altitude close to 9,000 feet above the sea. In many of the island.s the steep mountain slopes begin close to the seacoast, and to the casual observer the entire area is woodland. It has been estimated that of the 73,000.000 acres in the islands more than 6,000,000 are under cultiva- tion. (Jordana, 1890.) We find various estimates for the forest area b}" former officials. The official geographic .statistics of 1876 fix the forest area at 51,537,243 acres. Fernando Castro estimated the forest area in 1890 at 48,112,920 acres. This includes all woodland, private as well as public land. As one travels over the islands he is constantly struck with the large population to the square mile and the scarcity of timber close to the main traveled routes and centers of population. As one leaves the main traveled routes vast virgin forests are met with, rich in valuable hard woods, dyewoods, o-ums, and other products, waiting for the skill and enterprise of the American capitalist. On the island of Cebu,. 48 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. where we tind a po})ulati()ii of 2U0 to the square mile, not a merchant- able stick of timber is evident, with the exception of a small tract of forest left in the northern end of this island, which forest must there- fore be carefuU}" looked after. ' The island of Panay, with a population of 150 to the square mile, is almost denuded of good timber. In Luzon, where the population averages 7S to the square mile, we tind no tim})er in the vicinit}' of centers of population. As we travel over the only line of railway in the islands, from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles, we fail to see a single merchantable stick wnthin several miles of the road. But there are tracts in various parts of Luzon where much valuable timber remains. In the northern end of tlui island, in Cagayan and Isabela provinces, there are at least 2,000,000 acres of valuable forest remaining. The entire east coast of Luzon, from the northern end as far south as Atimonan, comprising several million acres, is practically a virgin forest. In northwestern Luzon very little merchantable tim- ber is left, with the exception of the slopes above 3,000 feet, where we find a species of pine {Phvix hixularls) flourishing, all ages mingled together. The maximum pines seen were close to 4 feet in diameter and more than 100 feet in height. Here the pine obtains a diameter of 12 inches in about twenty years. Almost ever}' acre of these north- western mountains is burnt over each year by the savages, but the larger pines seem to survive these repeated scorchings. Through central Luzon the timber has been cut away, leaving small tracts of fairly good forest in a few places. In southern Luzon, in Tayabas and the Camarines, we find some large tracts fairly w^ell covered with a variety of valuable tree species. As we enter the southwestern islands, extending from Mindoro through to Paragua, we leave the more traveled routes, and find a sparsely settled region where the virgin forests have been apparently untouched. In this group you will find upward of 4,000,000 acres of virgin forest extending from the water\s edge to the summits of the mountains. Some cutting has been done in this region, but it has amounted to a mere thinning of the edges of the forest. This group of islands is celebrated for the great quantity of narra, or Philippine mahogany, molave, ipil, and calantas (the Philippine cedar). Here we find valuable hard woods 4 or 5 feet in diameter with magnificent clear trunks for 80 feet up to the first limb. As a rule we find all over the islands that the largest trees have not been felled, owing to the lack of facilities for handling heavy timbers. Very little cleared land is found in Mindoro. Its reputation as a death trap for w hite men w ill change as a few hundred square miles are cleared of timber and its rich soil devoted to agriculture. A vigorous thinning of at least 50 per cent of the present forest growth of Mindoro and Paragua would make them much more salubrious than at present. The island of Mindanao, with an area of more than 23,()00,000 acres, is almost entirely covered by forest. The vast majority of the population of this island is found in coast towns, with the exception of the region in the north surrounding the Laguna de Lanao, where we find a large population of Moros. Very little timber has been cut in this island owing to the scarcity of labor and the distance to market. It would be safe to estimate at least 10,000,000 acres of virgin forest for this island alone. The southern part of this island, in the region southeast of Cotabato, is noted for its gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums. More than $300,000 w^as paid at Cotabato for these gums last year, REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 49 all of wliicli product w:is sliipped to Singapore. There are a number of rivers in tiiis island sutiiciently large for log-driving purposes. Of the other larger islands we lind valuable forests in the islands of Leyte and Saniar. The island of Negros has been cut over rather thoroughly for a great many years, and it will not be long before it Avill be in the same condition as the island of Cebu, if the forests are not protected. This island (Negros), prior to June, 1901, was under a se])ai-ate government with its own forestry service. The forestry l)ureau at Manila now has jurisdiction in this island, and will promptly introduce the forestry otticials trained at Manila, enforce there the forestry regulations, and protect what is left of their forests. We may safely estimate that there are at least 20,000,000 acres of virgin forest in these islands, with an average of at least 15,000 feet board measure of vahial)le hardwood to the acre. Up to. the present date the Bureau has listed 665 native tree species, of several hundred of which little more is known than their names. During th(» past yea4' about ItiO diti'erent native woods have entered the market, the most valuable of which for construction purposes is molave. Molave. ipil. yacal. and dungon are remarkable for their dura])ility and strength. The qualities of a few of these woods are very well known to the natives, and the specifications for the main timbers in house construction carefully provide that the timbers used shall be some of these mentioned. In addition to their value in ordi- nary construction thev have exceptional qualities when used as paving blocks. Two of the bridges in ]\Ianila were paved with molave blocks about six years ago have been subjected to the heaviest traflic in the city, and, apparently, at the present date, not a single block has been splintered. The calantas. or Philippine cedar, is almost entireh' used in making cigar boxes. Xarra, tindalo. acle, and luan are used principally as furniture woods. Betis. aranga, and dungon are generally used as piles, for which there is a great demand in the Manila market. The other important construction woods are baticulin, batitinan. aiuuguis, guijo. apitong. panao. sacat, balacat, malabulac, and malasantol. TIMBER USED IN THE rHILIPPINE ISLANDS FROM JULY 1. 1900, TO APRIL 30, 1901. There are various sources of supply for the timber market of the Philippint's. namely, public lands of the islands, private woodlands, and importations from the United States and other foreign countries. A more detailed statement of the amount of forest products taken from public lands during this period will be found in the appendix. Cubic feet. The total amount of timber taken from pul:»lic lands for thi;^ period is found to be _ 1, 875, 405 Timber from private woodlands for the same period 97, 808 Importations by private parties 155, 714 Amount shipped to the Philippines by the Quartermaster's Department for the use of the government from July 1, 1900, to April 23, 1901 713, 642 The total amount of firewood used is 1, 629, 635 (None but lower grade woods permitted to be used for this purpose.) A ver}' small total, when we consider the vast forests from which they are extracted and the great demand for timber in the islands. Much of this native timber was cut as early as 1896, but not brought 11(164—01 4 50 KKPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. to intirket on uocouiit of the rovolution. It was only during- the past year that tlie timber cut since 1896 could ])e brouo-ht to market. Up to the present time it has been impossible to cut enough timber for the actual necessities, forcing the government to send to America for the tim})er needed for storehouses for the troops, for bridges, and other public wOrks. The amount of timber ])er capita used in these islands is less than 1 per cent of the corresponding amoinit used in the United States. The total amount used, including importations, is nuu-h less than the annual growth of forest in the province of Cagayan alone, and when we consider that the log-ging parties are small and are cutting in over 40 ditferent provinces and islands, not nuich danger is to be apprehended that any loss of our present capital will result. At least 50 per cent of the timber cut on public lands has been used by the government in the construction of its many barracks, store- houses, l)ridg-es, and other public works. Native property owners throughout the islands have been unable to rebuild their homes, find- ing it impossible to get material. When peace prevails in the islands more men will be employed in the forests, and it will take three or four years for the native and other residents of the islands to cut only such timber as is absolutely necessary' for construction. The engineers and builders in Hongkong and other ports of the Orient prefer the Philip- pine timber to that of the other islands of the East Indies, but have been unable to secure any cargoes lately, owing to the scarcity- of sup- ply and great local demand, and in response to an inquiry from them as to when they could secure some of this timber, I replied that it would not be possible to obtain any within three years, unless they paid a price far higher than that they wish to give at the present time. It is also to be noted that no native wood has been exported since the organization of the present bureau. For the next four months a decreased output of timber will be noted, due to the fact that the south- west monsoon and the typhoon season is on and transportation by sea somewhat uncertain. The rains have commenced and will stop loggei's in some parts of the islands. PRIVATE W^OODLANDS. The forestry regulations pi'ovide that owners of woodlands may cut and market their timber after registration of titles to these lands in the central office at Manila. A printed form is then issued to the owner of the land stating that this registration has been made; his title is returned, and on it also is noted the fact of registration. He is also informed that this registration is no guaranty of title. Parties cutting timber on their own woodland without having regis- tered their titles are obliged to pay the government valuation on the timl)er in addition to a tine. All land is considered public land until a title is shown — a title which has formerly been registered in some register of property as provided by Si)anish law. Seventy-four tracts of woodland have been registered up to date, aggr(\gating a total area of about 12.5,000 acres; more than 120,000 acres of this total are found in the island of Luzon. In February last the nationalities of owners of 6S woodland tracts were as follows: Spanish : 7 German •• 5 Enjflisli 1 Filipino 55 REPORT OF FORESTRY BURFAU, THILIPriNE ISLANDS. 51 After annouiH'oiiHMitof the pa.ss:i^e of what wa.s known as the Spooner amendment, (juite a number of titles were presented and six only were found elio-ible for reoist ration. Tp to the present date titles to woodlands owned by religious orders liave not been i)resented for registration. It is believed that the aggre- gate of these holdings bv the religious orders will not exceed 400.000 acres. It is believed that the total holdings of woodland by private parties will not exceed l.OOO.ood acres. Ihese private holders have shown a disposition to retain theii- ])roperties and utilize^ them for then- own use. The native especially shows a disposition to cling to his land, and is averse to selling, "although a high price is occasionally oHered to him. From .luly 1, IKOO, to April :^t», 11>01. the following utilizations of forest products on private woodland have been noted: YiiuU'v *'"^^i^ f^*?t. . 97, 808 Fiivwooil cubic lueterf^. . 19, 03-4 Churcual .".'.'.'. V.".".'.V.'.V.V.V.V.' tlo - - - - 4, 556 Each shipment of forest products from private woodlands must be accompanied bv a certificate of the president of the nearest town that this product was taken from such a party's private land. The regula- tions referring to private woodlands are as follows: Akt. 75. Persons owning lands containing trees suital^le for lumber, firewood, or other forest pnjducts, shall inmiediately present certified copies of their title deeds at this office for registration. ,■ j -xu 2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with these re(iuirements shall be considered unlawfully taken. Art. 7(i. In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision over the utilization of forest products, all said products of lands owned by towns or bv private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situated, shall be accompanied l)v a statement signed by the owner or administrator of the e-tate and by the presiilent or alcalde of the town, in which statement shall be deseribed the'mnuber, class, and amount of forest product and the place wdiere cut or gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registration of said title to said land. . .,. ^ j ..i- v.i Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product hable to the penalties incurred by parties fi-audulently taking forest products from the forests of the state. PRICES OF NATIVE TIMBER. More than IX) per cent of the native timber is used for construction purposes. , . i i The price of timber in the log at the end of the hrst haul vanes from 'Ai) to 70 cents (xVIexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the IVlanila market is from 40 to 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot where parties do not us(^ theii- own'l)oats. The prices of the superior or tirst- group woods is verv uncertain, varying from $1.50 to more than $2.50 (Mexican) per culnc foot. When 'special sizes in the higher grade timl)ers are required, as nuich as $5 and $»; have been paid per cubic foot; this for timbers to l»e used in house c(mstruction. The finest hard woods for furniture (narra, tindalo, acle, camagon, lauan) can often be purchased at a smaller price than is paid for a few special varieties of native woods that are of particular value (molave, ipil. yacal, betis) in house construction. Tn'der the Spanish administration the price of timber at the end of the tirst haid was a))out "20 cents (Mexican) and much was laid down in Manila for 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot, and even less. The government price on its timber, as per forestry regulations, 52 KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, I'lIILIlM'INE ISLANDS. must 1)0 paid l)eforo the timber leaves for the market. Thi.s money is paid into tiie nearest internal-revenue office. The oovernment valuation of its timl)er and tin^vood has l)een close to 5 per cent of the current market price. Tiie oovernment valuation of othi'r forest products has been unil'oi'inly lo ])(>r cent of the cui'rcMit market price. The (hMiiand for timber for house construction is stron*^ and will continue as peace is restored and people return to their homes in the provinces and commence rebuildino-. The China market for Philippine woods is very g'ood, but it will be some years before the peoi)l(^ in the ports of the Orient will be willing to pay the pric(\s current in the market in Manila. The deniiind for certain of our fine hard woods hy furnitun^ and ca})inet makers in the United States will nv'\so as soon as these woods becom(» known. We have a number of \arieties of fine hard woods which should appeal to these furniture makers. In the course of a year or two. when American appliances and skill are at work in the forests, we should be able to place cargoes of these varieties on board ship for not more than $1 (Mexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the United States costs between $9 and $15 gold per 1,000 B. M. Almost any lengths can be obtained and diameters up to 5 and 6 feet. During Spanish times the large trees were left untouched owing to the lack of facilities for handling them. Occa- sionally a two ♦) or 7 feet in diameter would ])e felled and one slab taken from it, from which to make a table. Many of these fine table tops can be seen throughout the islands, some of them more than 7 feet in diameter. Ordinarily the native loggers are paid at a fixed price per cubic foot laid down at tide watei* or on railroad. There are four sawmills in the city of Manila and hundreds of carjxMiter shops where the Chinamen rip out boards by hand and make a fair profit. Parties desiring to purchase a few hard-wood boards to make a little rough furniture will often pay from 25 to 50 cents (Mexican) per running foot for the same. CAN THE FORESTS OF TIIE rHIITPPINES BE DEVASTATED? Not if a pio})er number of trained ofiicials are provided and the present forestry regulations are enforced. The following safeguards against forest devastation in the Philip- pines are worthy of consideration: First. Th(> })hysical ol)stacles. Second. The forest regulations. Third. Supcrxision of forestry officials. Fourth. I.(Ocal demand for but few of tlu^ many hundred native woods. The physical ol)stacles will iu)t be ap})rcciat(Hl without a few months' observation on the ground. The real difficulties appear onkv after the work in the field has commenced and apparently all contingencies pi-ovided for. To begin with, lluuv are no roads into the best forest tracts; the rivers are full of snags aiul inii)edinients to their use as driveways. Hoad construction in the jungle is difficult, (wpensive. and hazardous. Many of the most valual)le woods will not fioat, thus necessitating REPORT OK FORESTRY HrREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53 the use of t>aiiil)()o nifts. or i)liuiii.u' iiltcniate loo-8 of light specific o-ravitv hctwet'ii hoavv ones. On the h)ogin»- roud the only animal availal)U> for transportation in these islands"is the earabao, aii animal of l)ut moderate stren.uth who readily succumhs to overwork or disease. A plague of rinderpest has carried otl thousand.s of thi'se animals during the past two years, leav- ino- many communities in a most helpless condition. There"are no a])plianees in the island suital)le for handling large and heavy logs, and if such appliances should be secured, skilled white labor nuist be employed until the native can be properly trained to their use. Many of the natives are good worknuMi, (|uick and clever, ana in time will be able to do much of the skilled work that for the next few years must be done by white men. The great mass of the natives, 'especially those living 'near large forest tracts, seem disinclined to con- stant an("l heavy lal>or and can not l)e depended upon to remain any length of timc'at their work. Much depends on the kind of treatment received from the employer: the wage paid does not seem of as much importance to the natives as consideration for their whims. The aver- age laborer while in the woods can be counted on to cut and square from 5 to 8 cubic feet a day. It w\\\ take a couple of years to make even a few good roads and improve the drivewavs, install appliances for handling large logs and teach the natives how to use them, and then if the native is found will- ing to work, lumber companies might be a])le to get out what they consider a pavinu" (juantitv of timber. Then when" thev are readv to extract this timber, the regulations throw around them many restrictions which will prevent any wholesale devastation. The greatest safeguard is found in that article of the regulations which provides that the felling of any tree species of the superior or first group (35 leading woods) of less diameter than 40 centimeters (lof fnches) is absolutely prohibited. Regulations provide that the tim])er to l)e felled be first selected; provide also that only certain of the low-grade woods can ))e cut by those holding gratuitous licenses and those cutting firewood for the market. Regulations prohil)it the felling of the gutta-percha, rubber, and othei" trees producing valuable gums. They also provide that when the trees are felled and piled notice must be sent to the nearest forestry official, which ofiicial shall measure, appraise, and see that the govern- ment valuation is paid on this timber before it is removed. When this timber- reaches the market it is again inspected by an official who carefullv revises the classification of the first official, meas- ures each log a second t\nu\ and sees that the government is paid its full value for its timber. Each log receives a bureau stamp as soon as it leaves the forest. i <; i The forestry official is strictly charged to sin)eivise the work of the loo-ger to see "that onlv the proper trees are felled and that the timber is%o hauled through "the forest as to cause the least damage to the younger growth. '^He reports at once any violation of the forestry regulations. The regulations provide the forestry officials with the power to fine, and to stop tlu^ movement of forest products to the market, if any of its provisions are violated. 54 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. RECOMMENDATIONS. Two 2"i"oat ohstiu'les arc iMu-ounterecl in providing- for a forostry serv- ice of these islands, nanielv, a lack of properly trained officials and, second, a great variety of unknown tree species. The United States this year inaugurates the scientific exploitation of 50,000,0()() aeres of public forest land. The few foresters now in the States wnll he offered inducements to enter that service. Fifty trained foresters would find anii)le work in the l^hiiippine for- ests at the present time, hut it is douhtful if appeals to the forestry service in (Germany, India, and fla\a would r(>sult in securing half a dozen men. The gi-eat ol)jection ofiered hy these men, as I have stated before, will t)e that no provision is made for retirement for disability or for age. Life in the Tropics, and especially in a tropical forest, is not without considerable danger, and a foreigner can hardly be expected to leave the forestry service in his own countrv to go to strange lands where pernicious malaria or dysentery may incapacitate him within a few months after his arrival. These forests can he properly cared for as soon as trained foresters are provided. It is believed that a personal \isit to (Tci'many. India, and Java by some one interested in this service, and with authoi-itv to employ, would result in securing a few men. The next difficulty will lie found in finding a market for the several hundred varieties of native woods found within a comparatively small area in almost any part of these islands. The first step in this direction is now being made. One hundred varieties of native woods have been selecti^d. polished, and labeled, and shipped to the l"nit(Ml States, where th(>v arc to t)e placed on exhibition at the Pan-American Exposition at Bufi'alo, and later to l)e permanently placed in the Agricultural Dc'partment at \\'ashington. The exhibi- tion of these hard woods will interest our furniture makers, and may tend to divert buyers from Central and South America to the Philip- pines. A vast amount of hard wood is imported into the United States each year at a high })rice. There is no reason why many of the Philip- pine varieties of fint^ ((uality should not find a ready market with the furniture mak<'rs. Many fine varieties of native woods are not popular in the Philip- pines on account of their nonresistance to the white ant and climate, which objections would not be met with in the United States. The r(>gulations provide for the felling of all trees by selection. Objections will l)e made by the lumbermen that there is no market for the 400 or 500 varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties thus devolves upon the forestry bureau. There are at present samph^s of more than 4.")0 varii^ties of native tree species in the offic(^ at Manila. Kach month will find more varieties added to this luunber. and in tim<\ after investigation of the quality of these woods as to sti'cngth and dui'ahility, more varieties will become popular in the mai'ket. The foresti'v school should be inaugurated as soon as possible at Manila for the purpose of training the present forestry otticials. Very respectfully, George P, Ahekn, Cfq^tah) ]^ivth U. S. lufuntry. In Chargi' of Ihu'ean. The Secretary of War. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 55 Slalemnit of atUization offored products from public lands, Philippine Islands, from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901. Timber. Firewood. Miiiith iukI year. Group first. | Group second. 1900. •Tiilv Cubic feet. 90,793 §7,808.18 82,041 .5,323.78 103, 608 7. 693. 19 186, 7.58 10, 668. 39 180, 341 9, 970. 99 218,345 ; 12,470.99 ilf. 176,500 333, 880 277, -940 447, .580 297,600 369, 680 Cu. met. 3176. .50 1,914.00 333. 88 1 , 269. 45 277.94 '3, 175.] 5 447.58 3,291.80 297. 60 3, 720. 40 369. ()8 , 3,644.75 8282. 80 253.89 635. 03 6.58.36 744. 08 728. 95 Cu. met. Si'iitembor OctobiT 186.00 361.75 213. .50 95.25 874.40 144.70 Novoniber 85.40 38.10 Total 861,886 53,925.52 1,903,180 1,903.18 17,015.55 3,403.11 8.56.50 342.60 1901. 231,493 14,706.85 218,100 12,268.20 280,406 21.299.62 283, 520 26, 7.53. 05 532,430 422, 690 .586, 000 4.54.120 532.43 2,432.35 422.69 2,427.40 .586.00 3, .501. 60 454. 12 3, 000. 60 486.47 485.48 700. 32 600.12 74.25 93. 25 143. 75 181. 25 29.70 Kebrunrv March .". .\pril Total Grand total . 37.30 57.50 72. ,50 1,013, .519 75,027.72 1,995,240 1,99.5.24 11,361.95 2, 272. 39 492. .50 197.00 1,875,405 j 128,953.24 3,898,420 1 3,898.42 28,377.50 5, 675. 50 1,349.00 j 539.60 Month and year. Gum mas- tic. Rubber. Vegetable oil. Bark. Dyewood. Fines. Total. 1900. t .hilv S24.60 8.10 . 19.16 29. 36 35.24 31.99 830.00 65.00 92.57 208.42 113.21 766.87 188,422.08 85.15 10.90 22. 10 46.20 4.88 SO. .50 20.80 23.40 108.87 214. 77 5, 990. 30 September October November December 887.90 3.5i.'52" 810. 80 8,911.89 SO.' so' 18.00 12, 192. .31 11,7.53.91 15, 455. 03 Total 1.250.22 148. 45 18.80 89.23 368.34 1, 276. 07 62. 725. 52 1901. 1.60 1,462.53 215.04 836. 15 63. 80 280. 95 311. 73 163. 90 1.06 2.50 1.5.00 45. 65 .S2. 77 72.05 482. 74 181. 12 344. 85 384.41 16, 319. 65 February 23. 72 15,210.14 23, .547. 83 29, 336. 80 Total 2. .51.5. 32 820. 38 23.72 3.56 165. 47 1, 393. 12 84,413.92 Grand total.. May . 3, 765. ,54 968.83 42. 52 92.79 .533. 81 2,669.19 147, 139. 44 26, 799. 06 .Iiine - 2-5, 434. 61 Total 199, 373. 11 1 ! i 1 Mexican. Stat i.^tics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands, July to December, 1900. Province. Timber. Firewood. Charcoal. Rubber. Bark. Antique . . . - - 81.56 1 An)ay S887. 81 1,009. .58 764. 73 3. 439. 67 8,008.90 1,187.89 3, 408. 14 950.81 109.64 385. 72 20.30 50.70 7.47 112. 77 1 810. 00 80.75 Bulacan Camarines North Camarines South . . Capiz 334.40 3.5.18 40.83 215. 35 Cavite 88.21 1.00 6.00 .90 Cebn Davao 24. 10 Iloilo 1,509.20 1,078.93 19. 32 29.93 407. 21 169.38 301.07 4.50 73.00 Jolo Laguna 4.72 80.45 31.80 l^^yte Manila 56 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Statistics of sums collected onfarest products from public lands, etc. — Continued Province. Timber. Firewood. Charcoal. Rubber. Bark. Marindnque S41.30 420.40 62. 00 208. 70 1.58.49 .63 1,636.69 159.10 5.50 Masbate . . 83, 162. .58 760. 16 2.54. 45 1,1.54.32 2, 4.57. .56 7,540.09 1,113.88 1,798.12 414.00 1 , 922. 62 128. 47 6,779.17 1,900.99 1,992.66 S24. 07 1.60 Miiidoro 34.40 Morong Nueva Ecija Negros 1.88 Pampaiiga S313. 10 8.30 Pangasinan Roinhloii 3.40 Samar Sorsftgon 181. 60 15. 80 73.60 112.92 70.88 1.96 Surigao Tarlac 11.00 Ta vabas 85.28 Zaml)ak's 18.50 Zamboanga Total 53,925.52 5, 306. 29 342.60 148.45 89.23 Province. Dyewood. Gum mastic. Vegetable oil. Fines. Total. Antique $1 56 A 1 ba V 1 887 81 Bataaii »22. 19 12. 90 44 43 1,982.58 Batangas $44. 20 942 22 Bulaoaii 3 869 82 ('agavan 160. 32 3.03 8' 189 52 Camarines Nortti 1,241.62 Camariiies South 8:19. 60 3,43.5.21 128 91 Capiz 16.14 Catanduanes 334 40 Cavite 3. 92 1''8 21 Cebu 18. 75 60 58 Cotabato 221. 35 Davao 1,217.62 1 ''41 72 Iloilo 304. 39 5.14 2,192.80 1 083 43 Isabela dc Basilan Jolo 19 32 Laguna 1.18 32. 56 129. 11 35 83 Levte .50 .520 7'' Manila 330 29 ISfariiiduque 41 30 Masbate 94 34 3, 631. 39 829 73 Mindoro .50 1.07 32. 10 ''6 01 Moroni? 495 25 Nueva ICcija i 1 338 S** Negros ! S18 80 14 8'' 2,493.69 9, 816. 76 1 343 3"' Pampanga 318. .58 70.34 38. .51 Pangasinan Romblon 13.00 1 858 53 Samar 414 00 Sorsogon 105.83 5.69 103. 72 60.11 44.03 910 05 Surigao Tarlac Tayal)as 2, 159. 30 Zambales Zamboanga 1 96 Total 368.34 1,250.22 ! 18.80 1,276.07 62, 72.5. .52 976 42 Sum paid tlie government of Negros for timber Total (Mexican) 61 749 10 > Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands from July 1 to December 31, 1900. Names of timber. Cubic feet. Names of timber. Cubic feet. Superior group Calantas (28,457 cubic feet). Canuigon. Dungon. 113,479 Superior group— Continued. Teca. Tindalo. First group 20, 427 Ypil. Yacal. Molave (28,709 cubic feet). Narra (28,149 cubic feet). Ade. ' Anubing. Bansalaguin. Baticuling (5,624 cubic feet). REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 57 Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands, etc. — Continued. NiuiH's of tiinher. Cubic feet. Names of timber. Cubic feet. First groui>— Contiiuieri. Third group— Continued. BatitinHii (-1,877 cubic feet). Laco-laco. Bayuco. Lauaii (101,(525 cubic feet). Botis (4..=).51 cubic feet). Lunibang. Calamansannv. Luynsiu. Cubi. Magtalisay. Lanete ainuguis (19,788 cubic feet). Malaanang. Si'conil {rrotip 148, 142 Malacbac. .\riiii,tra. j Malac-nialac. Bniial)a. JMaladuron. Bancal. Malagao-gao. Banuvo. Malai)alicpic-hito. Bildo. Malasapit. Dungoulate. Malasiijjsap. <;uij() (73,(M1 cubic feet). Malatalang. Lanutau. Malatuiubaga. Macaasin. Jlambog. Malacailios. Manicuic. .Malat'atinou. Maobo. Malaruliat. Mayapis. Mangachapuy. Miao. Mangasinoro. Odling. Natn. Pagatpat. Pas;ic. Palacpalac. yujia. Palosapis. Tangilc. Palumbuyeu. Tncan-calao. Pamantuiin. Tbird trroup 367,867 Pamisalen. Panao 1 30,174 cubic feet). Abilo. ^ Acleiigparaug. Paualalian. Agiotiu. Paraya. ,\j()sajos. Putian. Alintatao. Sacat (28,333 cubic feet). Almaciga. Salipapa. Almon. Sambulanan. Alupay. Tacaran. Amugan. Tagonton. Anagap. Tambabas. Anatan. ^ Tamug. Auoeep. Toog. .\nubi<)ng. Unip. .\nubliiig. Aninaiila. Fourtli group 203, 921 Anam. Anunang. Anilao. -Vntipolo. Bagosantol. Apalang. Balacat (36,180 cubic feet). .\pit()ng (.W,333 cubic feet), Balaybayan. Ai)upuyot. Balibago. .\taata. Balucot. Bagaluga. Baluaii. Baguil\imboy. Banalo. Balavon. Bignay. Balcte. Bilueao. Baliuha,say. Binayuyo. Balobo. Bocboc. Banate. Bogo. Batcte. Calumpang. Bayoc. Dapdap. Bayucan. Himbabao. Binaluan. Ligaa. Binuang. Malabago. Bitoc. Malabulac (20,574 cubic feet). Bitanhol. Malal)iinga. Bulao. >Iahii)ai>aya. Bungla.s. Malasamat. Buuuan. Malasantol (64.(i94 cubic feet). Caljaoy. Malatubig. Cahimaugog. Pingol. Cahuigatingan. Putab. Caluinpit. Salab. C'upaug. Dalbing. Tanag. Ubau. Diilinsi. Fifth group - 8,050 Dao. Bacao (7,751 cubic feet). Ditaa. Bacauan. Gata.san. Guyong-guyong. Libato puti. Hagad-had. Total 861,886 Hinlalaong. 58 REPORT OF FORESTRY RUREAU, PHILIPPINE I8LANDS. Native woods bronghl to iiinrh't hi thr I'liilipphir Islands, etc. — Continued. RECAPITULATION. Varieties. Superior group First group SecDiid group. ., 'I'hinl group . .. Kouriii group., l-'iltli group Total Cubic feet. 113, 479 20, 427 148, 142 3t)7,867 203, 921 8,050 163 I 801,886 Value. $15,887.06 2, 042. 70 11,851.36 11,036.01 4, 078. 42 80.50 44, 976. 05 IncTcaseri charges, result of seeoncl inspection $8, 949. 47 Amount bv timber 53, 925. 52 5, 306. 29 Firewood Charcoal . Kul>lier .. Bark 342. 60 148.45 ;;;;;;;;;;;;.;; 89. 23 D vewoofl '^*^^- 34 Glim mastic 1 , ~^- -- Vegetable oil !«■ «0 Fines 1,276.07 General total 62, 725. 52 Sum refunded the government of Negros for timber 976. 42 Total 61,749.10 Statement of licenses issued from Jidii 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901. Station of for- estry oflflcial. Aparri Laoag Aringay Bagnio I)agui)an Lubig Tarlac Angeles San Fernando . . . Arayat Calumpit Orani Malabon Manila Batangas Guinajanga Pasacao Legaspi Iloilo. Province. Cagayan and Island Cala- yan. Abra Isabela 1 locos. North Ilocos, South Union Benguet Pangasinan Zambales Neuva Ecija Principe Tarlac Pampanga Bulacan Bataaii Manila Morong Laguna Cavite Batangas Tayabas Camarines , North Camarines, South Albay Sorsogon Lubany and Marinduquc (islands). Romblon, Sit)uyan, and Tablas (islands). Burias (islands i Ticas ( island ) i\[asbate i island) Iloilo, Panay, and Gui- maras. Capiz, Panay Coiu'opcion, Pjuiay, and Pan de Alucan. Timber. Fire- wood. Rubber, Dye- wood. Gratui- tous. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 59 Statenient of liceiues issued from July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901 — Continued. Stiition of for- L'stryofticial. Province. Timber. Fire- wood. Rubber. Dye- wood. Gratui- tous. Amount. Cebii Cebu and (islands) Ca- motes. Leyte, Mnripipi, Caman- (lay, and Biliran. 1 9 4 3 1 •2 2 3 1 1 1 3 10 Catbalogan Zaiii'^oaiitra, Mindanao Snrii;;iii, M indanao, Bucas, and iJiHasat. Matti, Mindanao 3 1 10 1 2 2 3 2 8 3 Total amount. 348 169 32 10 21 580 t^tatemeiit of jirirate voodlands registered in the Philippine Islands as per article 75, forestry regtdations, ^fanila, Philippine Islands, May 14, 1901. Provinces. Number of regu- lation. Hec- tareas. Centi. Komblon (Sibuyan, 150 hactareas 91 areas 50 centi; Tablas, 499 hectaroas 1 area) Tarlac Pampanga Davao (Mindanao) Jlindoro Isabela de Luzon Bataan Pangasinan Nueva Ecija Laguna 649 14,248 1, 908 300 916 13,150 2 6,104 12, 463 195 149,898 65 1 123,475 acres. In February the nationalities of owners of 68 woodland tracts registered were as follows: Spanish,": German, 5: English, 1; Filiiiino, .5.5. .■Vfter announcement of passage of Spooner amendment quite a number of titles were presented and 6 were found eligible for registration. Land of religious orders uot yet presented for registration. NOTES ON GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES. Philippine Islands: Magellan landed in Cebu 1521; Manila occupied 1565 by Sal- cedo. Latitude, 4° 45^ north to 21° north; lonjiitude, 116° east to 127° east. Charts show 948 to 1,725 islands. Areas given by Philippine Comniission, 119,542 square tniles. Acres. 1H74—Vidal— Area— Map— Coclla 71, 989, 385 Map, llvdrograpiiic Office 73, 345, 415 Per annual statement 73, 009, 495 GEO(iR.\PniC ST.\TISTICS. Acres. 1876— .\rea 69, 756, 245 Citv property 432, 625 ( 'ultivated hind 5, 632, 641 Uncultivated land 12, 153, 746 Forest land 51 , 537, 243 1890— Jordana, area approximated 69, 160, 000 Area cultivated land 6, 175, 000 1890— Fernan ^t. .., /r, i#. L**a^r NO. 25. PROVNCE OF TARLAC, LUZON. NO. 26. VILLAGE OF NAPINDAN, ON PASIG RIVER, ABOVE MANILA. NO. 27. VIEW OF PASIG RIVER. NO. 28. CLUMP OF BAMBOO ON PASIG RIVER. NO. 29. MANGO TREE, NEAR MANILA. JAN 27 1902 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 003 205 472 9