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n- eeniiiio- it ! In other words, does the prophetic pen, which has so fully delineated the rise and progress (^f all the other great nations of the earth, pass this one by unnoticed } What are the probabilities in this matter .'' As the student of prophecy, in common with all mankind, looks with wonder upon the rise and unparalleled progress of this nation, he cannot repress the conviction that the hand of Providence has been at work in this quiet but mighty revolution. And this conviction he shares in common with others. Governor Pownal, from whom a quotation has already been pre- sented, speaking of the establishment of this country as a free and sovereign power, calls it — "A revolution that has stronj^'er marks of divine interposition, superseding the ordinary course of liuman affairs, than any other event which this world has experienced." De Tocque\'ille, a French writer, speaking of our separation from England, says: — " It might seem their folly, but was really their fate; or, rather, tlie proTt- denee of God, who has doubtless a work for them to- do in which the massive materiality of tlie English character would have been too ponderous a dead weight upon their progress." Geo. Alfred Townsend, speaking of the misfortunes that have attended the other governments on this continent (" New World and Old," p. 635), says: — "Tile history of the United States was separated liy a be)tefieent Providence- far from the wild and cruel history of the rest of the continent." Again he says : — " This hemisphere was laid away for no one race." Rev. J. M. Foster, in a sermon before the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Cincinnati, O., Nov. 30, 1882, bore the following explicit 28 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS testimony to the fact that the hand of Providence had been remark- ably displayed in the establishment of this government : — " Let us look at the history of our own nation. The Mediator long ages ago prepared this land as the home of civil and religious liberty. He made it a land flowing with milk and honey. He stored our mountains with coal, and iron, and copper, and silver, and gold. He prepared our fountains of oil, planted our forests, leveled our plains, enriched our valleys, and beautified them with lakes and rivers. He guided the ' Mayflower ' over the sea, so that the Pilgrim Fathers landed safely on Plymouth Rock. He directed the course of our civilization, so that we have become a great nation." From a model in Pilgrim Hall, at Plymouth, Mass. The Mayflower CHAPTER II THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY HAVE the foregoing predictions been justified, and the expecta- tions of these great men been fultilled ? Every person whose reading is ordinarily extensive has something of an idea of what the United States is to-day; he Hkewise has an idea, so far as words can convey it to his mind, of what this country was at the commence- ment of its history. The only object, then, in presenting statistics and testimony on this point, is to show that our rapid growth has struck mankind with the wonder of a constant miracle. Said Emile de Girardin, in La Liberie (1868): — "The population of America, not thinned by any conscription, multiplies with prodigious rapidity, and the day may before long be] seen, when they will number sixty or eighty millions [76X millions in 1901] of souls. This parvenue [one recently risen to notice] is aware of his importance and destiny. Hear him proudly exclaim, ' America for Americans ! ' See him promising his alliance to Russia; and we see that power, which well knows what force is, grasp the hand of this giant of yesterday. " In view of his utiparalle/cd progress and combinatiott, what are the little toys with which we vex ourselves in Europe ? What is this needle gun we are anxious to get from Prussia, that we may beat her next year with it ? Had we not better take from America the principle of liberty she embodies, out of which have come her citizen pride, her gigantic industry, and her formidable loyalty to the destinies of her republican land ? " The Dublin (Ireland) Nation, as long ago as the year 1850, said: — " In the East there is arising a colossal centaur called the Russian empire. With a civilized head and front, it has the sinews of a huge barbaric body. There one man's brain moves 70,000,000 [now 136,000,000. — IVor/d A/f/ianac]. There all the traditions of the people are of aggression and conquest in the West. There but two ranks are distinguishable — serfs and soldiers. There the map of the future includes Constantinople and Vienna as outposts of St. Petersburg. "In the West, an opposing and sti// more wonderful American empire is emerging. We islanders have no conception of the extraordinary events which 31 32 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS amid the silejicc of the earth are daily adding to the power and pride of this gigantic nation. Within three years, territories more extensive than these three kingdoms [Great Britain, Ireland, and Scotland], France, and Italy put together, have been quietly, and in almost ' matter-of-course ' fashion, annexed to the Union. "Within seventy years, seventeen new sovereignties, the smallest of them larger than Great Britain, have peaceably united themselves to the Federation. No standing army was raised, no national debt was sunk, no great exertion was made, but there they are. And the last mail brings news of three more great States about to be joined to the thirty, — Minnesota in the northwest, Deseret in the southwest, and California on the shores of the Pacific. These three States will cover an area equal to one half of the European continent." Mitchell, in his School Geography (fourth revised edition), p. lOi, speaking of the United States, says : — " It presents the Diost striking instance of national growth to be found in the history of mankind.'''' Let US reduce these general statements to the more tangible form of facts and figures. A short time before the great Reformation in the days of Martin Luther, a little over four hundred years ago, this western hemisphere was discovered. The Reformation awoke the nations, fast fettered in the galling bonds of superstition, to the fact that it is the heaven-born right of every man to worship God accord- ing to the dictates of his own conscience. But rulers are loth to lose their power, and religious intolerance still oppressed the people. Under these circumstances, a body of religious heroes at length determined to seek in the wilds of America that measure of civil and religious freedom which they so much desired. Dec. 27, 1620, the "Mayflower" landed one hundred of these voluntary exiles on the coast of New England. "Here," says Martyn, " New England was born," and this was " its first baby cry, — a prayer and a thanksgiving to the Lord." Another permanent English settlement was made at Jamestown, Va., thirteen years before this, in 1607. In process of time other settlements w^ere made and colonies organized, which were all subject to the Enghsh crown till the declaration of independence, July 4, 1776. The population of these colonies, according to the United States Magazine, amounted, in 1701, to 262,000; in 1749, to 1,046,000; in 1775, to 2,803.000. Then commenced the struggle of the American THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 33 colonies against the oppression of the mother country. In 1 776 they declared themselves, as in justice and right they were entitled to be, a free and independent nation. In 1777 delegates from the thirteen original States, — New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary- land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, — in Congress assembled, adopted Articles of Confederation. In 1783 the war of the Revolution closed with a treaty of peace with Great Brit- ain, whereby our independence was acknowledged, and territory ceded to the extent of 815,615 square miles. In 1787 the Constitu- tion was framed, and ratified by the foregoing thirteen States; and on the first day of March, 1789, it went into operation. Then the American ship of state was fairly launched, with less than one million square miles of territory, and about three million souls. Such was the situation when our nation took its position of inde- pendence, as one of the self-governing powers of the world. Our territorial growth since that time has been as follows : Louisiana, acquired from France in 1803, comprising 930,928 square miles of territory; Florida, from Spain in 18 19, with 59,268 square miles; Texas, admitted into the Union in 1845, with 237,504 square miles ; Oregon, as settled by treaty in 1846, with 380,425 square miles; California, as conquered from Mexico in 1847, with 649,762 square miles ; Arizona (New Mexico), as acquired from Mexico by treaty in 1854, with 27,500 square miles; Alaska, as acquired by purchase from Russia in 1867, with 577,390 square miles. This gives a grand total of three million, six hundred seventy-eight thousand, three hundred and ninety-two (3,678,392) square miles of territory, and if we add the 80,492 miles secured by the Spanish war, we have a total of 3,758,884 square miles, which is about four ninths of all North America, and more than one fifteenth of the whole land surface of the globe. And while the United States has been thus rapidly growing, how has it been with the other leading nations of the globe ? Macmillan & Co., the London publishers, in their "Statesman's Year Book" for 1867, make an interesting statement of the changes that took place in Europe during the half century between the years 1 81 7 and 1867. They say : — 34 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS " The half century has extinguished three kingdoms, one grand duchy, eight duchies, four principaHties, one electorate, and four republics. Three new king- doms have arisen, and one kingdom has been transformed into an empire. There are now forty-one states in Europe against fifty-nine which existed in 1817. Not less remarkable is the territorial extension of the superior states in the world. Russia has annexed 567,364 square miles; the United States, 1,968,009 ; France 4,620 ; Prussia, 29,781 ; Sardinia, expanding into Italy, has increased by 83,041 ; the Indian empire has been augmented by 431,616, The principal states that have lost territory are Turkey, Mexico, Austria, Denmark, and the Nether- lands. " We ask the especial attention of the reader to these particulars. During the half century named, twenty-one governments disappeared altogether, and only three new ones arose. Five lost in territory instead of gaining. Only five, besides our own, added to their domain. And the one which did the most in this direction added only a little over half a million square miles, while we added nearly tzvo milliotis of square miles. Thus the United States government added over fourteen hundred thousand square miles of territory more than any other single nation, ^md over eight hundred thousand more than were added during that time by all the other nations of the earth put together. In point of population, our increase since 1798, according to the census of the several decades, has been as follows : In 1800, the total number of inhabi- tants in the United States was 5,305,925 ; in 1810, 7,239,814; in 1820, 9,638, 191; in 1830, 12,866,020; in 1840, 17,069,453; in 1850, 23,191,876; in i860, 31,445,089; in 1870, 38,555,983; in 1880, 50,000,- 000; in 1901, 76,384,461; and with what has been acquired in recently added colonies, 87,000,000. These figures are almost too large for the mind to grasp readily. Perhaps a better idea of the rapidity of the increase of population may be gained by look- ing at a few representative cities: Boston, in 1792. had 18,000 inhabitants; the census of 1900 shows 560,892. New York, in 1792, 30.000; now about Growth of Uncle Sam- 3,437,202. Chicago, sixty years ago, was a little As he was one hundred ° ^ ^ o ' " ^^ '^ lULie years ago and as he is tradmg-post. With a few huts ; yet it contained to-day f^^. . ,' / i\ ^ ■ '\ ,'' r -' ^< '^ ,;\ 4 .* *%\ 1^ ^i 'HI THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 37 at the time of the great conflagration, in October, 1871, nearly 350,- 000 souls ; and now the census gives the number as 1,698,575. (See illustrations.) San Francisco, sixty years ago, was a barren waste, but to-day contains 342,782 inhabitants. New York in 1648 The industrial growth of the country has been no less remarkable. In 1792 the United States had no cotton mills ; in 1890 there were 225,759 looms, employing 174,652 hands. In 1900 the total wool clip in the United States was 288,636,621 pounds, with 17,938,000 spindles in operation. In railroads, the first timid experiment was a tramway in Ouincy, Mass., built in 1826. Its only purpose was the easier conveyance of building stone from the granite quarries of Quincy to tide-water. Horses were used as the motive power. It was the germ, however, of a mighty movement in this country. " The first railway in America, for passengers and traffic, — the Baltimore & Ohio, — was chartered by the Maryland Legislature in March, 1827. The capital stock was at first only half a million dollars; and a portion of that was subscribed by the State and the city of Baltimore. Horses were its motive power, even after sixty-five miles of Cotton Mills, Manchester, N. H. !8 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS the road were built. But in 1829, Peter Cooper, of New York, built a locomotive in Baltimore, which weighed one ton, and made eight- een miles an hour on a trial trip to Ellicott's Mills. In 1830 there were twenty-three miles of railway in the United States, which was increased the next year to ninety-hve; in 1835, to 1,098; in 1840, to nearly three thousand." — Fcter Cooper's Loconwtive, 1829 Ihyailt's HistOiy of tllC Ullltcd StdtcS, J'o/. /J\ /J. ji^. In 1900, 250, 362.80 miles of track had been laid. In 1899 the number of passengers carried was 523, 176,508. The gross earnings in 1901 were one and a half billions of dollars. The num- ber of employees was 928,924. TELEGRAPH. It was not till as late as 1840 that the magnetic telegraph was invented. Nov,' there are 933, i 53 miles of wire in operation. The Modern Reaper Fadory telephone dates from 1875; yet there are now (1901) 1,016,777 miles of wire in the United States, devoted to that purpose. In 1833 the first reaping and mowing machine was constructed ; and in 1 847 the first sewing-machine was completed. Hundreds of thou- sands of both these classes of machines are now in use. And all these improvements are being multiplied by leaps and strides, in geometrical progression. New machines, and greater facilities for making them, larger plants for the manufacture of all classes of merchandise, and for handling and distributing the product, are busying the brains of men as never THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 41 before. More gigantic engineering feats, of spanning ravines, tunnel- ing mountains, bridging bays and rivers, and canaling continents, than ever before attempted, are now being subjected to the plans of master mechanics, while more lines and miles of telegraph and telephone wires, and miles of railroad track and steamboat routes, are projected or in process of construction, than ever before came within the boundaries of men's wildest dreams. Zeppelin's Air Ship We have said nothing as yet of the electric light, the phonograph, the microphone, the megaphone, long-distance telephones, telepathy, long-distance photographs, etc., which are flaunting their marvelous achievements before the dazzled eyes and bewildered brains of mankind. OCEAN TELEPHONE. And now comes a discovery which would seem to reach the very extreme of practicability and possibility, — the power of communi- cating by word of mouth, not only across continents, but even under the ocean to other lands. Think of sitting down and speaking into a tube in America, and having your voice hea?'d and understood in England, France, Germany, or any of the great countries of Europe. But such a dream will soon be realized, according to the most recent announcement, through an American invention, by the professor of mathematics of Columbia College. It is an invention by which the Atlantic and all submarine cables can be made so sensitive and powerful that they can bear on their wires a telephone message, and report it three thousand and more miles awa}^ By means of this, says the Patent Recoj-d, of February, 1901, "it will be an easy matter at no remote date to talk around the %vorld. " ^ Again it says : "The question of ocean telephony has been solved from a scientific standpoint, and there only remains the commercial question, which is a trifling matter to the company controlling the 1 The reader is requested to note these statements. We shall have occasion to refer to them a?ain, when we come to see what prophecy says on this subject. 42 THE MARVEL OE NATIONS Admirals Dewey, Schley, and Sampson, of the Amefican Navy, 1898 patent; and it is understood that it will only be a short time when cables of this kind will be constructed and laid; and then any part of the United States will be within conversational distance of any part of Europe.''^ And should the same rate of progress, compared with the past, continue a few years longer, the figures we now chronicle will be relegated to the musty records of outlived years. Count Zeppelin's air ship, which, to a certain degree and for particular pur-' poses, seems to be, from the latest accounts, a marked success, opens another broad field in which American genius will exploit itself in the immediate future. See also Epilogue to this work. In 1876 there was published a history of the United States, called " The Centennial History. " We give an extensive quotation from the work, because it will be of interest to the reader, as it was issued only a short quarter of a century ago, and its statements bring to THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 43 Admirals Montojo and Cerveva, of the Spanish Navy, 1898 view so clearly the small begiiiniiii^s of what are now the great features of this country. It says : — " Here, oa the verge of the centennial anniversary of the l)irth of our Republic, let us take a brief review of the material and intellectual progress of our country during the first hundred years of its political independence. "The extent of the conceded domain of the United States, in 1776, was not more than half a million square miles, now [when the word nota appears in this relation it means the year igoi, or statistics as near thereto as can be obtained] it is more than 3,300,000 square miles [according to latest statistics, with the territory acquired from the Spanish war, 3,758,884 square miles]. Its popula- tion then was about two million and a half [2,803,000]; [now 76,343,461, and including the inhabitants of Porto Rico and the Philippines, the accessions from the Spanish war, 87,000,000]. [The Spanish-American war commenced with the declaration of war by Congress, April 21, 1898. The first shot v/as fired on the following day, Friday, April 22. The war ended on the suspension of hostilities, Aug. 12, 1898, and the peace protocol between the United States and Spain v/as signed by the Commissioners, five Spanish, five Americans, at Paris, Dec. 10, 1898.] 44 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS General Blanco, Spanish General Miles, American General Garcia, Cuban General Shafter, American Leaders in the Spanish-American War PRODUCTS OF THE SOIL. " The products of the soil are the foundations of the material wealth of a nation. It has been eminently so with us, notwithstanding the science of agri- culture and construction of good implements of labor were greatly neglected until the early part of the igth century. "A hundred years ago the agricultural interests of our country were mostly in the hands of uneducated men. Science was not applied to husbandry. A spirit of improvement was scarcely known. The son copied the ways of his father. He worked with no other implements and pursued no other methods of cultivation; and he who attempted a change was regarded as a visionary or an innovator. Very little associated effort for improvement in the business of farming was then seen. The first association for such a purpose was formed in the South, and was known as the ' South Carolina Agricultural Society,' THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 45 organized in 1784. A similar society was formed in Pennsylvania the following year. Now there are State, county, and even town agricultural societies in almost every part of the Union. Sickle Hoe Spaae Flait Wooden For " Agricultural implements were rude and simple. They consisted chiefly of the plow, harrow, spade. hoe, hand-rake, scythe, sickle, and wooden fork. The plow had a clumsy, ^ wrought-iron share with wooden mold-board, Scythe • " T t" Rake Wooden Plow Harrow which was sometimes plated with old tin or sheet-iron. The rest of the structure was equally clumsy; and the implement required in its use twice the amount of strength of man and beast that the present plow does. Improvements in the construction of plows during the past fifty years save to the country annually, in work and teams, at least $20,000,000. The first patent for a cast-iron plow was issued in 1797. To the beginning of 1875, about four hundred patents had been granted. "A hundred years ago the seed was sown by hand, and the entire crop was harvested by hard manual labor. The grass was cut with a scythe, and ' cured ' and gath- ered with a fork and hand -rake. The grain was cut with a sickle, thrashed with a flail or the treading of horses, and was cleared of the chaff by a large clamshell-shaped fan of wicker-work, used in a gentle breeze. The drills, seed- sowers, cultivators, reapers, thrashing-machines, and fan- ning mills of our day were all unknown. They are the inven- tions of a time with- owing, in ye olden time in the memory of living men. "Abortive attempts were made toward the close of the i8th century, to intro- duce a thrashing-machine "^^ ""'' f"- from England, but the flail held sway until two generations ago. Indian corn, tobacco, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, and hay were the staple products The old way 46 THE MARVEL OE NATIONS. ■r^S'^M of the farm a hundred years ago. Timothy and orchard grass had just been introduced. [At the present time (1901) these products amount annually, on an average, in round numbers, to the following figures: Indian corn, 2,078,- 143,933 bushels; wheat, 547,303,846 bushels; rye, 33,961,741 bushels; oats, 796,177,713 bushels; potatoes, 228,783,232 bushels; and buckwheat (introduced within the century), 11,094,471 bushels. The hay crop averages about 56,655,- 756 tons; tobacco, 741, 980,576 pounds; flaxseed, 17,217,000 pounds. To these agricultural products, there have been added, during the century, barley, cotton, and sugar. The barley crop averages about 73,381,563 bushels; cotton, about -r- 9,439,559 bales (which, with 487 lbs. to the bale, tliestandard weight for igoo, give us 4,596,005,233 pounds); and of sugar, 557'657'4i7 pounds.] thrashing with flails COTTON CULTURE. "The expansion of the cotton culture has been marvelous. In 1784 eight bales of cotton sent to England from Charleston, S. C, were seized by the cus- tom-house authorities in Liverpool, on the ground that so large a quantity could Sugar Reflnery, Philadelphia not have come from the United States. The progress of its culture was slow [until the invention of the cotton-gin in 1793, by Eli Whitney, a machine which by means of saw-seeth disks was adapted to separate rapidly the fiber from the seed. It did the work of many persons] . The cultivation of cotton rapidly increased. From 1792 to 1800 the amount of cotton raised had increased from 138,000 pounds to 18,000,000 pounds, all of which was wanted in England, THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 49 where improved machinery was manufacturing it into cloth. . . . The value of the cotton crop in 1792 was |!30,ooo. Now the reader can judge of its value, when he thinks of the production of over four billions of pounds annually. FRUIT CULTURE. " Fruit culture, a hundred years ago, was very little thought of. Inferior varieties of apples, pears, peaches, plums, and cherries were cultivated for American Carriage Horse From Cosmopolitan family use. It was not till the beginning of the 19th century that any large orchards were planted. The cultivation of grapes and berries was almost wholly unknown seventy-five years ago. The first horticultural society was formed in 1829. Before that time fruit was not an item of commercial statistics in our country. But as late as 1876 the average annual value of fruit was estimated at ^40,000,000, the grape crop alone exceeding in value ^10,000,000. LIVE STOCK. "Improvements in live stock have all been made within the last century. The native breeds were descended from stock sent over to the colonies, and were 50 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Chicago Stock Yards generally inferior. In 1772, Washington wrote in his diary, ' With one hundred milch cows on my farm, I have to buy butter for my family. . . . Now there are about 44,000,000 horned cattle in the United States, equal in average quality to those of any country in the world. The product of the dairy cows exceeds $500,000,000. FARM ANIMALS. " A hundred years ago, mules and asses were chiefly used for farming pur- poses and ordinary transportation. Carriage horses were imported from Europe. Now our horses of evei'y kind are equal to those of any other country. Statistics show that there are about 13,537,534 horses in the United States, or one to about every six persons; the aggregate value of horses is $603,969,442. SHEEP HUSBANDRY. "Sheep husbandry has greatly improved. The inferior breeds of the last century, raised only in sufficient quantity to supply the table, and the domestic looms in the manufacture of yarns and coarse cloth, have been superseded by some of the finer varieties. Merino sheep were introduced early in the igtli century. The embargo before the war of 18 12, and the establishment of manu- factures here afterward, stimulated sheep and wool raising; and these have been important items in our national wealth. There are now about 41,883,065 sheep in the United States. The total value of farm animals is $2,212,756,578. SWINE. " Improvements in the breed of swine have been very great during the last fifty years. They have become a large item in our commercial national statistics. At this time there are about 28,172,000 head of swine in this country. Enor- nious quantities of pork, packed and in the form of bacon, are exported annually. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 51 Chicago Stock Yards "These brief statistics of the piincipal products of agriculture, show its development in this country and its importance. Daniel Webster said, ' Agri- culture feeds us; to a great extent it clothes us; without it we should not have manufactures; we should not have commerce. They all stand together like pil- lars in the cluster, the largest in the center, and that largest — Agriculture.' MANUFACTURES. "The great manufacturing interests of our country are the product of the century just closed. The policy of the British government was to suppress manu- facturing in the English-American colonies, and cloth making was confined to tiie household. When nonimportation agreements cut off supplies from Great Britain, the Irish flax-wheel and the Dutch wool-wheel were made active in fami- lies. AH other kinds of manufacturing were of small account in this country until the concluding decade of the i8th century. In Great Britain the inventions of Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Crompton had stimulated the cotton and woolen manufactures, and the effects finally reached the United States. Massachusetts offered a grant of money to promote the establishment of a cotton-mill, and one was built at Beverly in 1787, the first erected in the United States. It had not the improved English machinery. In 1789, Samuel Slater came from England with a full knowledge of that machinery, and in connection with Messrs. Almy and Brown, of Providence, R. I., established a cotton factory there in 1790, with the improved implements. Then was really begun the manufacture of cot- ton in the United States, Twenty years later, the number of cotton-mills in our country was one hundred and sixty-eight with go, 000 spindles. The business has greatly expanded. In Massachusetts, the foremost State in the manufacture of cotton, there are now over two hundred mills, employing, in prosperous times. 50,000 persons, and with a capital of more than 530,000,000. The city of Lowell 52 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS was founded by the erection of a cotton-mill there in 1822; and there, soon after- ward, the printing of calico was first begun in the United States. "With wool, as with cotton, the manufacture into cloth was confined to households, for home use, until near the close of the i8th century. The wool was carded between two cards held in the hands of the operator, and all the American Meat Packing Industry, Chicago processes were slow and crude. In 1797, Asa Whittemore, of Massachusetts invented a carding-machine, and this led to the establishment of woolen manu- factones outside of families. In his famous report on manufactures, in 170 1 Alexander Hamilton said that of woolen goods, hats only had reached maturity' The business had been carried on with success in colonial times. The wool was e ted by hand, and furs were added by the same slow process. This manual l abor cont.nued until a little .note than thirty-six years ago, when it was sup- planted by machinery. Immense numbers of hats of every kind are now made in our country. "At the time of Hamilton's report, there was only one woolen- mill in the United States. This was at Hartford, Conn. In it were made cloths and cassimeres. Now, wool M,L Providence. R. I 7°'^° i^^iox\e^ may be found in almost every State in the Union turning out annually the finest cloths, cassimeres, flannels, carpets, and every variety of goods made of wool. In this business, as in cotton, Massachusetts BREEDS OF AMERICAN DAIRY CATTLE YORKSHIRE LARGE BREED. BLACH SUFFOLK SOiV. This gyoup of cattle well represents the improvements thjt have been made in stock raising in the United States since the early years. It was seen long ago that a very important work might be accom- plished in the improvement of the quality of the cattle and various animals raised. This work was taken hold of intelligently and patiently, and the result is now seen before us. A glance at the pictures will show what has been accomplished more plainly than words could do. Instead of the poor, undeveloped specimens of former years, we have now the different breeds brought up to a high standard of perfection, developed into well-proportioned figures with vigorous and healthy constitutions and famous fattening qualities, till American animals surpass those bred and rased in any other country. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 55 Cutlery Works, Massachusetts has taken the lead. The value of manufactured woolens in the United States, at the close of the Civil War, was estimated at about $60,000,000. The supply of wool in the Unit- ed States has never been equal to the increasing demand. THE IRON IN- DUSTRY. "The smelting of iron ore and the manufacture of iron lias become an immense busi- ness in our coun- try. The develop- ment of ore deposits and of coal used in smelting are among the marvels of our history. English navigation laws discouraged iron manufacture in the coloniep. Only blast-furnaces for making pig-iron were allowed. This product was nearly all sent to England, in exchange for manufactured ar- t i c 1 e s ; and the whole amount of such exportation, at the beginning of the old war for in- dependence, was less than 8,000 tons annually. The col- onists were wholly dependent upon Great Britain for articles manufac- tured of iron and steel, excepting rude implements made by blacksmiths for domestic use. Dur- ing the war, the Continental Congress was compelled to establish manufactures of iron and steel. These were chiefly in northern New Jersey, the Hudson 56 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS ^'5;' ■^i^^i^s^^^^'i^f^ic^''^^-^^ — ■jr Watch Factory. Massjchust-tts Highlands, and western Connecticut, where excellent ore was found, and forests in abundance for making charcoal. Great Britain produced in 1899, 9,393,018 tons of iron; the production in the United States in the same time was 13,620,- 703 tons. "The first use of anthracite coal for smelting iron was in the Continental Armory at Carlisle in Pennsylvania in 1775. But charcoal was universally used until 1840, for smelting ores. Now iron is manu- factured in our country in every form from a nail to a locomotive. A vast number of machines have been in- vented for carrying on these manufactures; and the prod- ucts in cutlery, fire-arms, railway materials, and ma- chinery of every kind employ vast numbers of men and a great amount of capital. Our locomotive builders are regarded as the best in the world; and no nation on the globe can compete with us Class Works in the construction of steam- boats of every kind, from the iron-clad war steamer to the harbor tug. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 57 MANUFACTURE OF COPPER, SILVER, AND GOLD PRODUCTS. "There has been great progress in these lines. At the close of the Revolu- tion, no manufactures of the kind existed in our country. Now the manufacture of copper-ware yearly, of every kind of jewelry and watches, has become a large item in our com- mercial tables. " COPPER MINING. On the sub- ject of copper mining the fol- lowing state- ment by Wal- don Fawcett, in the Scientific ^°'''''°^' ^"^'°''^' ^'"'^ American of June 8, 1901, will be of interest, not only as a matter of information, but as showing how the United States is leading the world in this important industry also. He says : — " No phase of the development of the natural resources of the United States has been characterized by more rapid, or more really remarkable progress, than the growth of the copper industry. For one thing, this commodity holds the unparalleled record of having shown, even in the face of financial panics and business depression, an in- crease of production during practically every year since the inauguration of opera- tions, until now the annual output of the metal is worth approximately ^100,000,000, or considerably more than all the gold produced in this Automobile Factory country during an equal in- terval. Perhaps even more impressive is the fact that the United States has within little more than half a century risen to the position of min- ing more copper than all the rest of the world combined, and in so doing has virtually control over the markets of the globe. Copper is produced in 5 r t ~ ;; ," o» F^ ly jj r 1" -'-I '1 > » » ' " '"^ -IJ! -R-^ 58 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS. rr From Siicnti/ii Proposed Locks cf the Erie Canal Lockpcrt, N. Y. "< ''}' /'fi'iiu'sstciii the United States, principally in Arizona, California, Colorado, Michigan, Montana, and Utah, although various other divisions of the Union, particularly the Eastern and Southern States, make contributions to the aggregate output. During the past two decades, however, the center of production has moved west- ward. In 1845, the year which marks the commencement of modern copper mining on this side of the Atlantic, the total production of the United States was estimated at one hundred tons, of which Michigan yielded a dozen tons. From that time forward, the ascendency of the Lake Superior copper district over other sections became more and more pronounced. In 1S56, Michigan miners took from the ground over nine tenths of all the copper secured in the country; and as late as 1880, the Michigan output constituted more than four fifths of the total production. "Then came the development of nature's great storehouse of copper in Montana, and although the record of growth was fully as meteoric as had been the career of the Lake Superior territory, it was not till 1892 that Montana finally displaced Michigan as the greatest copper-producing State. The same relative positions have been maintained over since. On a rough estimate, Mon- THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 59 tana furnislies about 40 per cent, and the Lake Superior mines about 25 per cent, of the American production of copper. Arizona, wherein is located the most recently discovered of the three great copper fields, ranks next to Michigan, her copper-mining operations footing up about one fifth of the grand total. It is interesting, if not significant, to note that Arizona showed the greatest gain in production recorded during the closing year of the century, whereas Mon- tana showed but a slight increase, and the Lake Superior district barely held its own. " The expansion of the scope of the copper-mining industry has been attended i)y an improvement of methods and facilities fully as great as has been afforded in any other branch of mining operations, if not greater. To appreciate the extent of the betterment, it is only necessary to compare the economical and efficient mining systems and reduction plants in use to-day with the primitive methods of half a century ago, when much of the copper was taken from the ruck by means of drills and gads. The recent introduction of black powder fur blasting purposes was a long step ahead, and opened the way for other inno- vations. "Under the present plan new shafts are sunk with incredible rapidity. Diamond drills are extensively employed in making explorations, and power drills are in almost universal use in mining operations proper. Instead of being dependent upon oxen, and hoisting buckets by means of a windlass, as in the old days, the modern copper mine is equipped with hoisting engines of from five thousand to eight thousand horsepower, which hoist ten-ton cars of rock from a depth of nearly a mile, at a speed of fifty-five miles an hour. " Originally the copper-mine operators introduced gravity stamp jiiills ; but these proved totally inadequate, and latterly steam mills have been provided of such power in some instances that an average of 350 tons of ore can be crushed daily at a single miil. The equipment of a large modern copper mine also includes powerful air compressors, capable of supplying fifty air drills, and fans thirty feet in diameter, with a capacity of one hundred thousand cubic feet of air a minute for underground ventilation. "Some of the older copper mines in the United States rank among the deepest holes in the world. The Red Jacket shaft district, for instance, an opening about five feet in size, has been sunk j to a depth of nearly five tJwusatici^^ T is claimed to be deepest shaft of its class i n t Ji e world. This shaft has a vertical dei^tli of nearly one mile; and branching out from the main in the Lake Superior twelve feet by twcnty- vertic ally feet ; and Coal Miners 6o THE MARVEL OF NATIONS shaft are innumerable ' cross-cut ' channels, through which the copper ore is carried to the main artery of communication, and hoisted to the surface in ten- ton cages, each of which makes half a dozen round trips in an hour, enabling the hoisting of more than five thousand tons of ore from tliis one mine every working day in the year." Of the profits of copper mining-, xM r . F a w c e 1 1 says : — " If the copper taken from the ground in America during an average year is esti- mated to be worth ^100,000,000, it is safe to credit ^50,- 000,000 as net prof- its." " Europe," he says, "consumes an enormous quantity of copper, and for a heavy proportion of it she must depend upon the United States." " In the / I J> III S > // 1! > s /j Pti iiii':su II Newspaper Distribution at Unioi Squj>e New )ork City United Verde mine, at Jerome, Ariz., the shaft has as yet pierced the ore only about 600 feet, but the drill shows rich ore 1,400 feet farther. The Calumet and Hecla Co., Michigan, have the largest mining camp in the world. Some of the most highly skilled workmen receive nearly ^10 a day." Quoting again from "The Centennial History of the United States : " — THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER. "The manufacture of paper is a very large item in the business of our country. At the close of the Revolution there were only three mills in the United States. At the beginning of the war a demand sprang up, and Wilcox, in his mill near Philadelphia, made the first writing-paper produced in this THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 6i country. He manufactured the thick, coarse paper on which the continental money was printed. So early as 1794, the business had so increased that there were, in Pennsylvania alone, forty-eight paper- mills. There has been a steady increase in the business ever since. Within the last twenty-five years [previous to 1876], the increase has been enormous, and yet not sufficient to meet the de- mand. Improvements in printing-presses have cheapened the production of books and news- papers, and the circulation of these has greatly increased. It is estimated that the amount of paper now manufactured annually in the United States for these, for paper- hangings, and for wrapping-paper, is full 800,000,000 pounds. The supply of raw material here has not been equal to the demand, and rags to the value of about ^2,000,000 in a year have been imported. "The manufacture of ships, carriages, wagons, [automobiles], clocks and watches, pins, leather, glass, Indian rubber, silk, wool, sewing-machines, and a variety of other things wholly unknown or feebly carried on a hundred years ago, now flourish, and form very important items in our domestic commerce. The sewing-machine is an American invention, and the first really practical one was first offered to the public by Elias Howe, Jr., about 1846. A patent had been obtained for one five years before. Great improvements have been made, and now a very extensive business in the manufacture and sale of sewing-machines is carried on by different companies, employing a large amount of capital and costly machinery and a great number of persons. MINING INDUSTRY. " The mining interests of the United States have become an eminent part of the national wealth. The extraction of lead, iron, copper, the precious metals, and coal from the bosom of the earth is a business that has almost wholly grown up within the last hundred years. In 1754 a lead mine was worked in Southwestern Virginia; and in 1778, Dubuque, a French miner, worked lead ore deposits on the western bank of the upper Mississippi. The Jesuit missionaries discovered copper in the Lake Superior region more than two hundred years ago. That metal is produced in smaller quantities in other States. GOLD PRODUCTION. "A lust for gold, and the knowledge of its existence in America, was the chief incentive to emigration to these shores. But within the domain of our Republic, very little of it was found until that domain was extended far toward 62 THE MARVEL OE NATIONS the Pacific Ocean. It was unsuspected until long after the Revolution. Finally, gold was discovered among the mountains of Virginia, North and South Carolina, and in Georgia. North Carolina was the first State in the Union to send gold to the mint in Philadelphia. Its first small contribution was in 1804. From that time until 1823 the average amount produced from North Carolina mines did not exceed ^2,500 annually. Virginia's first contribution was in 1829, when that of North Carolina, for that year, was $128,000. Georgia sent its first contribution in 1830. It amounted to $212,000. The prod- uct so increased that branch mints were es- tablished in North Caro- lina and Georgia in 1837 and 1838, and another in New Orleans. " In 1848, gold was discovered on the American fork of the Sacramento River in California, and soon afterward elsewhere in that region. A gold fever seized the people of the United States, Cold Prospecting and thousands rushed to California in search of the precious metal. Within a year from the discovery, nearly 50,000 people were therv\ Less than five years afterward, California, in one year, sent to the United States mint full $40,000,000 in gold. Its entire gold product to this time is estimated at more than $800,000,000. Over all the far Western States and Territories the precious metals, gold and silver, seem to be scattered in profusion, and the amount of mineral wealth yet to be discovered there seems to be incalculable. Our coal fields seem to be inexhaustible; and out of the bosom of the earth, in portions of our country, flow millions of barrels annually of petroleum, or rock-oil, affording the cheapest illuminating material in the world. [This is another source of wealth to the country, equal to the output of gold.] " Mineral coal was first discovered and used in Pennsylvania at the period of the Revolution. A boat load was sent down the Susquehanna from Wilkes- barre for the use of the Continental works at Carlisle. But it was not much used before the war of 18 12; and the regular business of mining this fuel did not become a part of the commerce of the country before the year 1820, when 365 tons were sent to Philadelphia. At the present time the amount of coal sent to market from the American mines, of all kinds, is equal to full 15,000,000 tons annuallw AMERICAN Civilization is coming in from the right. In the center is the Goddess of Progress carrying, looped over her sha\ peaks of Western mountains, a disappearing herd of buffaloes, Indian tents, and overland emigrant wagons. In the le' Above these is the overland mail coach of a few years ago, a comer of the log cabin of the first settlers, three trains c and the sky scrapers of an Eastern city, the whole showing how civilized movements are crowding out and driving off. >0GRES5 Y, a coil of telegraph wire, which she is stretching from the commercial center in the East. To the left appear Veground Indians and a bear are scurrying off the scene, followed up by hunters, miners, and agriculturists. p indicating the three American railroads which cross the continent, the trolley car, the automobile, the air ship, vrimitive uncultivated conditions of the country. i TIIJ': PROGRESS Ol- A CENTURY 63 COMMERCE. "The comnicrcL; (jf the United States has had a wcnideiful growtli. Its most active developiiierit was seen in New Enghind. British legislation imposed heavy burdens upon it in colonial times, and, like maimfactures, it was greatly depressed. The new Englanders built many vessels for their own use, but more for others; and just before the breaking out of the Revolution, there was (piite a brisk trade carried on between the English-American colonies and the West Indies, as well as with the mother country. The colonists exported tobacco, lumber, shingles, staves, masts, turpentine, hemp, flax, pot and pearl ashes, sailed fish in great quantities, some corn, live stock, pig-iron, and skins and furs l)rocured by traffic with the Indians. Whale- and cod-fishing was an important branch of commerce. In the former, there were 160 vessels employed at the beginning of 1775, and sperm candles and whale oil were exported to Great Britain. In exchange for New England products, a large amount of molasses was brought from the West Indies, and made into rum to sell to the Indians and fishermen, and to exchange for slaves on the coast of Africa. "At the close of the war, the British government refused to enter into com- mercial relations with the United States government, believing that the weak league of States would soon be dissolved; but when a vigorous national govern- ment was formed in 1789, Great Britain, for the first, sent a resident minister to our government and entered into a commercial arrangement with us. Mean- while a brisk trade had sprung up between the colonies and Great Britain, as well as with other countries. From 1784 to 1790 the exports from the United States to Great Britain amounted to $33,000,000, and the imports from Great Britain to $87,000,000. At the same time several new and important branches of industry had appeared, and flourished with great rapidity. " From that time the expansion of American commerce was marvelous, in spite of the checks it received from British jealousy, wars, piracies in the Medi- terranean Sea and elsewhere, and the effects of embargoes. The tonnage of American ships, which in 1789 was 201,562, was in 1870 more than 7,000,000. [At the present time England is purchasing from the United States eight times as much as she sells to this country.] There is no surer index to the growing financial strength of a nation than the sum of its exports and imports. Exports from the United States in 1899 amounted to $1,370,363, 571 ; imports for the same year, $849,941,840; excess of exports over imports, $520,421,- 731. Exports from this country to Europe for 1900 crossed for the first time the bilhon-dollar hne. To other parts of the world, the exports for 1900 were 27 per cent in excess over exports for 1899. "The domestic commerce of the United States is immense. A vast sea- coast line, great lakes, large rivers, and many canals afford scope for interstate 64 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS commerce and commerce with adjoining countries not equaled by those of any other nation. The canal and railway systems in the United States are the prod- uct chiefly of the century just closed. So also is navigation by steam on which river commerce chiefly relies for transportation. This was begun in the year 1807. The first canals made in this country were two short ones, for a water passage around the South Hadley and Montague Falls, in Massachusetts. These were constructed in 1792. At about the same time the Inland Lock Navigation Companies in the State of New York began their work. The Middlesex Canal, connecting Lowell with Boston Harbor, was completed in 1808, and the great Erie Canal, 363 miles in length, was finished in 1825, at a cost of almost $8,000,- 000 [this to be enlarged by plans already in progress]. The aggregate length of canals built in the United States is 3,200 miles. RAILWAYS. " The first railway built in the United States was one three miles in length. It was completed in 1827; horse power was used. The first use of a locomotive Evolution in Railroading Modem Vestibule Railroad Train in this country was in 1S29, when one was put upon a railway that connected tht coal mines of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company with Honesdale.i Now, railways form a thick network all over the United States east of the Mississippi, and are rapidly spreading over the States and Territories beyond, to the Pacific. THE TELEGRAPH. "To these facilites for commercial operations must be added the electro-magnetic telegraph, an American invention, as a method of transmitting intelligence, and giving warning signals to the shipping and agricultural interests concerning the actual and probable state of the weather each day. The first line, forty miles in length, was constructed between Baltimore and Washington in 1844. Now the lines are extended to every part of our Union, and all over the civilized world, traversing oceans and rivers, and bringing Persia and New York within one hour's space of intercommunication. Telegraph Operating J This was for freight only. The first passenger railway was opened in 1830, as stated on pages 37, 38. Keprodiued by permUswn Jruin •■ihupcr's W'eckiy." Copyrii;,'it, i go i , by Harper and Brothers WALL STREET DURING ACTIVITY IN STOCKS 1. Quick Lunch 2. Watching the Market 3. Night Work in the Brokers' Offices THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 6^ BANKING. "Banking institutions and insurance companies are intimately connected with commerce. Tlie first bank in the United States was estabUshed in 1781, as a financial aid to the government. It was called the Bank of North America. The Bank of New York and the Bank of Massachusetts were established soon afterward. On the recommendation of Hamilton, in 1791, a national bank was established at Philadelphia, with a capital of ? 10,000,000, of which sum the government subscribed ^2,000,000. Various banking systems, under State charters, have since been tried. During the Civil War, a system of national banking was established, by which there is a uniform paper currency throughout the Union. The number of national banks at the close of 1863 was 66; the number at the close of 1874 was not far from 1,700, involving capital to the amount of almost $500,000,000. INSURANCE. " Fire, marine, and life insurance companies have flourished greatly in the United States. The first incorporated company was established in 1792, in Philadelphia, and known as the ' Fire Insurance Company of North America.' Another was established in Providence, R. I., in 1799, and another in New- York in 1806. The first life insurance company was chartered in Massa- chusetts, in 1825, and the New York Life Insurance and Trust Company was established in 1829. AH others are of recent organization. As a rule the busi- ness of insurance of every kind is profitable to the insurer and the insured. The amount of capital engaged in it is enormous. The fire risks alone, at the close of 1874, amounted to about J!2oo,ooo,ooo. [Jan. i, igoo, they were $11,694,- 469,849.] IMMIGRATION. " Our growth in population has been steadily increased by immigration from Europe. It began very moderately after the Revolution. From 1784 to 1794 the average number of immigrants a year was 4,000. During the last ten years the number of persons who have immigrated to the United States from Europe is estimated at over 2,000,000, who brought with them in the aggregate $200,000,- 000 in money. This capital and the productive labor of the immigrants have added much to the wealth of our country. This immigration and wealth is less than during the ten years preceding the Civil War, during which time there came to this country from Europe 2,814,554 persons, bringing with them an average of at least $100, or an aggregate of over $281,000,000. [The whole number of immigrants frpm 1789 to 1901 was 20,015,155.] ARTS AND SCIENCES. " The arts, sciences, and invention have made great progress in our country during the last hundred years. These, at the close of the Revolution, were of little account in estimating the advance of the race. The practitioners of the 68 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Arts of Design at that period were chiefly Europeans. Of native artists, C. W. Peale and J. S. Copley stood at the head of painters. There were no sculptors, and no engravers of any eminence. Architects, in the proper sense, there were none. After the Revolution a few good painters appeared, and these have gradually increased in numbers and excellence, without much encouragement, except in portraiture, until within the last twenty-five years. We have now good sculptors, architects, engravers, and lithographers; and in all of these depart- ments, as well as in photography [and photoengraving], very great progress has been made within the last thirty or forty years. Alexander Anderson was the first man who engraved on wood in the United States. He died in 1870 at the age of ninety-five years. In banknote engravmg we have attained to greater excellence than any other people. It is considered the most perfect branch of the art in design and execution. "Associations have been formed for improvements in the Arts of Design. The first was organized in Philadelphia in 1791 by C. W. Peale, in connection with Ceracchi, the Italian sculptor. It failed. In 1802, the American Academy of Fine Arts was organized in the city of New York, and in 1807 the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, yet in existence, was established in Philadelphia. In 1826 the American Academy of Fine Arts was superseded by the National Academy of Design, in the city of New York. EDUCATION. "In education and literature our progress has kept pace with other things. In the very beginning of settlements, the common school was made the special care of the state in New England. Not so much attention was given to this matter elsewhere in the colonies. The need of higher institutions of learning was early felt; and eighteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims from the ' Mayflower,' Harvard College was founded. When the war for independence began, there were nine colleges in the colonies, namely, Harvard at Cambridge, Mass.; Williams and Mary, at Williamsburg, Va. ; Yale, at New Haven, Conn.; College of New Jersey, at Princeton; University of Pennsylvania, at Phila- delphia; King's (now Columbia), in the city of New York; Brown University, at Providence, R. I.; Dartmouth, at Hanover, N. H.; and Rutgers, at New Brunswick, N. J. [There were at the beginning of 1901, 421 colleges in the United States.] " At the period of the Revolution, teaching in the common schools was very meager, and remained so for full thirty years. Only reading, spelling, and arithmetic were regularly taught. The Psalter, the New Testament, and the Bible constituted the reading-books. No history was read; no geography or grammar was taught; and until the putting forth of Webster's spelling-book in 1783, pronunciation was left to the judgment of teachers. That book produced a revolution. " As the nation advanced in wealth and intelligence, the necessity for correct popular education became more and more manifest, and associated efforts were THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 71 made for the improvement of the schools by providiog for the training of teachers, under the respective phrases of Teachers' Associations, Educational Periodicals, Normal Schools, and Teachers' Institutes. The first of these societies in this country was the ' Middlesex County Association for the Improvement of Com- mon Schools,' established at Middletown, Conn., in 1799. But little of impor- tance was done in that direction until within the last forty-five years. Now, provision is made in all sections of the Union, not only for the support of common schools, but for training-schools for teachers. Since the Civil War, great efforts have been made to establish common school systems in the late Columbia UniversHy Librayy, New York slave-labor States, that should include among the beneficiaries the colored popu- lation. Much has been done in that regard. " Very great improvements have been made in the organization and discipline of the public schools in cities within the last thirty years. Free schools are rapidly spreading their beneficent influence over the whole Union, and in some States laws have been made that compel all children of a certain age to go to school. Institutions for the special culture of young women in all that pertains to college education have been established within a few years. The pioneer in this work is Vassar College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., which was first opened in the year 1865. "Besides the ordinary means for education, others have been established for special purposes. There are law, scientific, medical, theological, military, commercial, and agricultural schools, and seminaries for the deaf, dumb, and blind. In many States school-district libraries have been established. There are continually enlarging means provided for the education of the whole people. Edmund Burke said, ' Education is the cheap defense of nations.' " 72 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Among the educational institutions that have been established to furnish educational advantages to the middle classes, to laboring men, and to those who have lost, or been deprived of, youthful privileges, and to enable them to recover educational privileges while pursuing their ordinary vocations, may be mentioned a model and progressive one in a neighboring State, which employs 266 professors, and has upon its roll the names of 130,000 students. LITERATURE. "Our literature is as varied as the tastes of the people. No subject escapes the attention of our native scholars and authors. At the period of the Revo- lution, books were few in variety and number. The larger portion of them were devoted to theolog- ical subjects. Book- sellers were few, and were found only in the larger cities. Various subjects were discussed in pamphlets, not gen- erally in newspapers, as now. The editions of books were small, and as stereo- typing was unknown, they became rare in a few years, because there was only a costly way of reproduction. THE PUBLISHING WORK. •' In the year 1801, a new impetus was given to the book trade by the forma- tion of the 'American Company of Booksellers' — a kind of 'union.' Twenty years later, competition broke up the association. Before the war of 18 12, the book trade in the United States was small. Only schoolbooks had very large sales. Webster's spelling-book was an example of the increasing demand for such helps to education. During the twenty years he was engaged on his dictionary, the income from his spelling-book supported him and his family. It Cort'espondence School and Proposed Printery, Pennsylvania THE progrp:ss of a century 75 Weyr.er Book Fublishing Plant, Akron, Ohio was published in 1783, and its sales have continually increased to the present time, when they amount to over 1,000,000 copies a year. Other school- books of every kind now have an immense annual circulation. The general book trade in this country is now inunense in the number of volumes issued and the capital and labor employed. Readers are rapidly increasing. An ardent thirst for knowledge or entertainment to be found in books, magazines, and newspapers, makes a very large demand for these vehicles, while, at the same time, they produce widespread intelligence. The magazine literature, now generally healthful, is a powerful coadjutor of books in this popular culture; and the newspaper, not always so healthful, supplies the daily and weekly demand for ephemerals in literature and general knowledge. To meet that demand required great improvements in printing machinery, and these have been supplied. " The printing-press, at the time of the Revolution, is shown in that used by Franklin, in which the pressure force was obtained by means of a screw. The ink was applied by huge balls; and an expert workman could furnish about fifty impressions an hour. This was improved by Earl Stanhope in 18 15, by substituting for the screw a jointed lever. Then came inking machines, and one man could work off 250 copies an hour. Years passed on, and the cylinder press was invented; and in 1847 it was perfected by Richard M. Hoe, of New York. [This has been further improved, and a printing-press is now used which will strike off 60,000 news- papers, printed on both sides, trimmed, folded, and pasted, every hour.] The Beginning of the Newspaper Industry in America "The newspapers printed in the United States at the beginning of the -/^ /;W Revolution were few in number, small in size, and very meager in informa- ^'C." tion of any kind. They were issued weekly, semiweekly, and triweekly. The z^'- first daily newspaper issued in this country was the American Daily Adver- 76 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS User, established in Philadelphia in 1784. In 1775 there were thirty-seven news- papers and periodicals in the United States, with an aggregate issue that year of 1,200,000 copies. There are now about forty newspapers in the United States which have existed over fifty years. [In 1901 there are 21,789 newspapers in all, 2,039 of them dailies.] " In the providing of means for moral and religious culture and benevolent enterprises, there has been great progress in this country during the century just closed. The various religious denominations have increased in membership fully in proportion to the increase of population. Asylums of every kind for the 'World' "■Svn " "Journal" Tribune" 'Times ' "Press" Newspaper Row, New York City unfortunate and friendless have been multiplied in an equal ratio, and provision is made for all. POSTAL SERVICE. "One of the most conspicuous examples of the growth of our republic is presented by the postal service. Dr. Franklin had been colonial postmaster- general, and he was appointed to the same office for one year by the Continental Congress in the summer of 1775. He held the position a little more than a year, and at the end of his official term there were about fifty post-offices in the United States. All the accounts of the general post-office department during that period were contained in a small book consisting of about two quires of foolscap paper, which is preserved in the department at Washington City. Through all the gloomy years of the weak Confederacy, the business of the department was comparatively light; and when the national government began its career in 1789. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 79 there were only about seventy-five post-offices, with an aggregate length of post- roads of about I, goo miles. The annual income was ^28,000, and the annual expenditures were ^32,000. The mails were carried by postmen on horseback, and sometimes on foot." The post-office department of the United States is shown by facts and figures to be the greatest business corporation on the earth. The number of its offices is 76,688; the extent of its post-routes, in miles, is 500,982; its revenue in 1900 was $102,354,579; its expenditures during the same period, $107,740,268; the miles traveled on its routes would make two and a half round trips to the sun. The annual weight of mail carried is 664,286,868 lbs.; to haul it would require 500 locomotives and 33,214 freight cars, forming a train 300 miles long. The 6,576,310,000 pieces of mail matter annually transported, if placed together, would make a band seven feet wide around the world. Rural mail delivery, now being inaugurated in most parts of the country, will soon bring mail matter to the door of every person addressed in the United States. THE LUMBER INDUSTRY. One of the most important industries of the world is the lumber business, the traffic in timber for building houses, ships, etc., and manufacturing purposes. The principal nations engaged in this busi- ness, outside of the United States, are Norway, Russia, Germany, British North America, and to some extent France. In our own country immense lumber districts are found in Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, some portions of the Southern States, California, and Oregon. The more important centers of the trade are Bangor, Me.; Boston; Chi- cago; the lake ports generally; Albany, N. Y. ; Savannah and Brusn- wick, Ga. ; and Pensacola, Fla. There were in 1870, 26,945 lumber manufactories, employing 163,637 men, using $161,500,273 invested capital, paying $46, 201,328 in wages, and producing $252,- 339,029 worth of lumber. Grave fears are excited by the meteoro- logical effects which are likely to follow this removal of the forests. At the present rate of cutting the forest land of the United States cannot long meet the enormous demand made upon it. By far the 8o THE MARVEL OF NATIONS greater part of the white pine has been cut, and vast inroads have been made into the supply of other vahiable timbers. In many sec- tions of the country more timber falls by fire than by the ax. The average annual loss from fire is not less than $20,000,000. For the preservation of the forests, the State of New York first instituted a Forest Commission in 1885. The States of Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin also have special commissions under their forestry laws. The Pennsylvania Legislature of 1897 provided for the purchase of three forest reserves of not less than 40,000 acres each, and the \\'isconsin Assembly appointed a commission to formulate and recommend forest legislation. Michigan also, in 1899, appointed a commission to study the forest question and select land for a State forest reserve. — World Almanac, igoi. RATE OF GROWTH. The rate of growth maintained in this country since the compila- tion of the figures a few years ago, may be best shown by comparing some of them with the census of 1900. Thus the people of the United States at the last-named date, possessed, in round numbers, 43,902,- 400 horned cattle and 28, 172,000 swine. This is a larger number of cattle than any other nation can show, India having but 30,000,000, and Russia 24,609,260. We have 1 3> 537*534 horses, being surpassed in this respect only by Russia, which has 19,683,340. We come fourth in the hst of sheep- raising nations, having only 43,883,065; but in the food-producing animals, cattle and hogs, our country leads the world. According to returns for the year 1901, our corn crop amounted to 2,078,143,933 Chicago Post-Office rill': rK()(;i\i':ss oi- a cicntiiivV N,^ bushels; wheat, 547,30.^,845 bushels; hay. 5C',f)55.75<^' tons; coal, 252, 1 I 5,387 tons; pt>trolenin. g(>7,252.34i t;alloiis; i)ii;-irou, 13,838,- 634 tons; inanufaetmed sled rails, 10, 7o6,8o() tons. " riu- (.'('nliMiiu.il II islorx " a^^ain says : -- " W'c may salclv i-l.tmi Idi- uiir proplc ami rii\in(r\ .i pi oj;rrss in all (hat constitutes a vi,m)roiis ami pinsiu-Kius iialinn ilmiii;; the (rutms just passed, (-(pial, if no! siipnioi, in that of any othci on tln< globe. Ami to the inventive ,L;enins and .'kill ol i\\c Aiueriraiis may he lairly awarded a. lai;;(> sliaie ol the lioiiov acipuu'd hv Ihr eonstrmlion of inaehinciN , which has so lati;ely (alvon the plaee of manual iahoi. In that pio;;ress (ii(> Ameriean cili.:cu buhulds a laugihle prophecy of a brilliant liituic loi Ins eounli v." In {]\c naiitieal lirhls im pains i>r cNpen'M- Ite^ been spared to lllili/i> the most n-iaail in\(Mitn>n s and iniprox i ineiil s to iMiard a:;anisl dan,L;rr and loss, ;ind b\ li:;hl houses, bi ea k\\ at ns. idc, to make e\iM\lhinL; sale as possible tor sailors and iia \ i;;,i lots. Anion:; the latest etpnpniiMils lo|- the I'liiled States lijdithoiise ser\ !(■(- is a ()0,ono,( -no e.indle power elee- trie li.uid, the iene(tioii Iroin whieh, when pl.u'ed on a siitri(i(ait ele\,ition, e;in be seen 1 |/ nanlieai niiK"S. And nature heiseh, b\ the ph\sie;il le;il incs slu> has stamped upon our eoiiiil 1 \ , has scM'ined to l,i\' it out as a field loi n.itional de\('h ipnieiil s on the most m.ijMiilieent se.ile. Ibae W(> haxc the l,ii;;esl l.ikes, the loiiiM'sl rixiMS, the mi:;hliesl i .1 l.i 1 .let.s, the deepest ea\cs. the bro.idest and iiiosi leilile prairies, and the /fill'''n\ w riehest mines ol ,!-;old, iron, and coal, copper, sibaa", '/ll and ollua minerals to be loimd upon thejdobe. Innn-orci >Arc Light "When ,\ineriea was tliseo\ri ed, (jicii- wcic but si\t\' nnllions ol ;;old in l'"mop<'. (■.ilifoinia .\i\i\ the I'cri itoi us .imnnd hci !ia\c piodnrcd cmu- lliou- s.ind niillioie. ol doll, us in f;old in t\\i'iit\- Ncais. Si\t\- one niilhon dollars was (he 1.11 sMst .1111111. ll ,;;old sirld «\(i m.ide ill .Australia. Califoiui.i li.is sovnal times produced mmlv milhons of ,i;old in a sen." - 7'i>;('iisi-ii,f, />. ;S/. "Idle aiea of woi k.ibh- eo.il beds in .ill the woi Id oiilMde (he t'lnlcl States is estimated at ^n.ooo s.piare miles. Ih.it of the liiiited St.ites, not imdiidiiif; Alaska, is estimated at o\ci .-oo.ooo sipi.iie miles, m rit^/if /iiiirs tin /iir^c as the aiujiliibh' liUil itiiut of all th<' irst t>f //ir _i^/('/>i-."' /liiirn't iin Wiv/ion/c, /'. 06^, 84 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS "The iron product and manufacture of the United States has increased enormously witliin the last few years, and the vast beds of iron convenient to coal in various parts of the Union are destined to make America the chief source of supply for the world." " Three mountains of solid iron [in Missouri], known as Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob, and Shepherd's Mountain, are among the most remarkable natural curiosities on our continent." — Id., p. 6j4. And the people have taken hold to lay out their work on the grand scale that nature has indicated. Excepting only the Houses of Parliament in London, our national Capitol at Washington is the most spacious and imposing national edifice in the world. The United States government is planning to build " the largest, most powerful, and fastest battle ship that has ever been constructed." Its displacement will be one of 16,000 tons, or "1,000 tons more than the displacement of the most recent additions to the British navy, and of the ' Georgia ' and ' Virginia ' battle ships recently ordered for our own navy." These vessels once completed, the United States navy will rank fifth among the navies of the world. By the unparalleled feat of a subterranean tunnel two miles [later increased to four miles] out under the bottom of the lake. Chicago obtains her water; and the works have been so enlarged by additional tunnels and pumping stations, that a population of 3,500,000 can be supplied with 150 gallons of water per day, and there will still be ample reserve machinery. Chicago is the most extensive grain and lumber market in the world; and Philadelphia and New York contain the largest and best-furnished printing estab- lishments now in existence. The submarine cable, running like a thread of light through the depths of the broad Atlantic from the United States to England, a conception of American genius, is the first great achievement in the telegraphic line; and the Pacific Railway, that iron highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific, led the way for similar monuments of engi- neering skill in modern times. Following the first Atlantic cable, soon came a second almost as a matter of course; and following the Central Pacific Railroad, a southern line has been opened, and a northern line has more recently been completed. Canada has also opened a Pacific railroad line. This makes four transcontinental iron highways across the continent from the Atlantic seaboard to the t^ ^ .>< '^ Co ;§ o THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY B; Pacific. And what results are expected to flow from such mighty enterprises? Referring to the Pa- cific Railway, the ScicJitific A incricaii says: • — "To exaggerate the importance of this trans- continental highway is ahnost impossible. To a certain extent it will change the relative posi- tions of this countr}', Europe, and Asia. , . . With the completion of the Pacific Railroad, in- stead of receiving our goods from India, China, Japan, and the ' isles of the sea,' by way of London and Liverpool, we shall bring them direct by v/ay of the Sandwich Islands and the railroad, and become the carriers, to a great extent, for Europe. But this is but a portion of the advan- tage of this work. Our Western mountains are almost literally moun- tains of gold and silver. In them the Arabian fa- ble of Aladdin is realized. . . . Let the road be com- pleted, and the comforts as well as the necessaries furnished by Asia, the manufactures of Europe, HR* H^flM jl ^[BppK;:i^^^^^SwEjE^J|ipi >< o to ifl ^BH[L:i. -fK 'v'f,'--,.-\ ■-• ' THE MARVEL OF NATIONS The East aiiJ the West The Orient and the Occident meeting after driving the last spike on the first great through Pacific Railway and the productions of the States, can be brought by the iron horse ahnost to the miner's door; and in the production and possession of the precious metals, the blood of commerce, we shall be the richest nation on the globe. But the substantial wealth created by the improvement of the soil and the develop- ment of the resources of the country, is a still more important element in the result of this vast work." Thus, with the idea of becoming the carriers of the world, the highway of nations, and the richest power on the globe, the Ameri- can heart swells with pride, and mounts up with aspirations to which there is no limit. The extent to which we have "come up" is further shown by the influence which we are exerting on other nations. Speaking of America, Mr. Townsend, in the work above cited, p. 462, says : — " Out of her discovery grew the European reformation in religion ; out of our Revolutionary war grew the revolutionary period of Europe. And out of our rapid development among great States and happy people, has come an inmii- gration more wonderful than that which invaded Europe from Asia in the latter centuries of the Roman empire. When we raised our flag on the Atlantic, Europe sent her contributions; it appeared on the Pacific, and all Orientalism felt the signal. They are coming in two endless fleets, and the highway is The ih of Ihe Ciipit"! ing portp p^ li -M8 k-et Tl httle ovt I The walls of the i ' v_ The ExKnoioiio aiu of white marble, sli-hily 135'.- feel in diameter, and uses to a height top of the Dome is a Vji'jn^c statue of LlBHl ,1'; feet, and its j^'jeatpst depiii. mclud md covered by the entire building is a i'.uilding are of sandstone, painted white ui-gated with blue. The Dome is of cast iron; ; feet above the basement floor. On the feet high. GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. WASHINGTON, D. C. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 91 swung between the oceans for them to tread upon. We have lightened Ireland of half her weight, and Germany is coming by the village-load every day. Eng- land herself is sending the best of her workingmen, and in such numbers as to dismay her Jack Bunsbys. What is to be the limit of this mighty immigration ? " J. P. Thompson ("United States as a Nation," p. 180) says : — " History gives examples of the migration of tribes and peoples for the occupation of new territories by settlement or conquest; but there is no prece- dent for a nation's receiving into its bosom millions of foreigners as equal sharers in its political rights and powers. With a magnanimity almost reckless, the Main Building, New Immigfation Station, New Yoyk Harbor .^ United States has dune this, and has survived. Immigra- tion first assumed propor- tions worthy of note in the decade from 1830 to 1840, wheu it reached the figure of 599,000. In the decade from 1840 to 1850, it in- creased to 1.713,000; and the report of the Bureau of Statistics for 1874 gives for the ten calendar years fiom Jan. i, 1864, to Dec. 31, 1873, inclusive, a net immigration of 3,287,- 994. [To his statements we add the more recent figures which give the aggregate number of immigrants into the United States, from 1789 down to the beginning of the year 1901, as 20,015,155.] Compare these figures with the fact that the purchase of Louisiana, over a million square miles, brought with it scarcely twenty thousand white inhabitants, and nearly a million square miles acquired through Texas and the Mexican cessions brought only some fifty thousand, and it will be seen how much more formidable has been the problem of immigration than that of territory." The Anici'ican Travelci-, pubhshed in Boston, Mass.. in its issue of Feb. 24, 1883, says: — " The growth of immigration is one of the most striking facts of the period. In 188 1 the total arrivals were 720,000, and in 1882 they rose to 735,000. These figures are impressive. They foreshadow an addition to our population, 92 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS by immigration alone, if this rate is maintained, of seven millions of persons in the next ten years." This would be more than twice the entire population of the countr}^ at the beginning of our independence. It is estimated that last }"ear's immigrants brought with them a cash capital of $62,470,000; and if each one is worth, as a producing machine, as is claimed from careful esti- mates, $1,000, Europe has added to our capital stock, the past two years, the handsome sum of $1,455,- 000,000. Speaking of our influ- j . 1- . •„ .1 ^ Grand Canon of the Yellowstone ence and standmg in the Pacific, Mr. Townsend, fully appreciating the situation p. 608, says: — " In the Pacific Ocean, these four powers [England, France, Holland, and Russia] are squarely met by the United States, . . . which has paramount influence in Japan, the favor of China, the friendly countenance of Russia, and good feel- ing with all the great English colonies planted there. The United States is the S" ^ 3 ^;5 ^ S "^ s: s a S n> §• ^ §- § ::. ^ t-l o s g ^ s- ^ ., '^' S 3: o ■*' r*' ^ '^ -- 5. S. 2 ^ ^ 1 ^-^ ^^ 5. S4. 5: c =^. a- -. ^ ^ 5 S H ~. o n. 2 3 '-^ to «^ O ^ '^ a- i lo !§ <5 a- o - a ^ Hi ~. S n> •^ p 2 O. 0, o s 5- S' a-. ? ^ §■ ^ s- o ?. 2. i^ o a S I bo b Co t^ o I Co 2 Co 5' --S ?o 5 . <5" 0)" ?*i£-,£OIfi '^) AN AMERICAN DEPARTMENT STORE. Exterior. AN AMERICAN DEPARTMENT STORE. Interior. THE PROGRESS OF A CENTURY 95 only power on the Pacific which has not been guilty of intrigue, of double- deahng, of envy, and of bitterness, and it has taken the front rank in influence without awakening the dishke of any of its competitors, possibly excepting those English who are never magnanimous." With one more extract we close the testimony on this point. In the 'i^.ew York Independent of July 7, 1870, Hon. Schuyler Colfax, then Vice-President of the United States, glancing briefly at the past history of this country, said : — " Wonderful, indeed, has been that history. Springing into life from under the heel of tyranny, its progress has been onward, with the firm step of a con- (pieror. From the rugged clime of New England, from the banks of the Chesa- peake, from the savannahs of Carolina and Georgia, the descendants of the Puritans, the Cavalier, and the Huguenot swept over the towering Alleghanies, but a century ago the barrier between civilization on the one side and almost unbroken barbarism on the other; and the banners of the Republic waved from flag-staff and highland, through the broad valleys of the Ohio, the Mississippi, and the Missouri. Nor stopped its progress there. Thence onward poured the tide of American civilization and progress, over the vast regions of the Western plains; and from tlie snowy crests of the Sierras you look down on American States fronting the calm Pacific, an empire of themselves in resources and wealth, but loyal in our darkest hours to the nation whose authority they acknowledge, and in whose glory they proudly share. " From a territorial area of less than nine hundred thousand square miles, it has expanded into over three millions and a half, — fifteen times larger than that of Great Britain and France combined, — with a sliore-line, including Alaska, ecpial to the entire circumference of the earth, and with a domain within these lines far wider than that of the Romans in their proudest days of concjuest and renown. With a river, lake, and coastwise commerce estimated at over two thousand millions of dollars per year; with railway traffic of from four to six millions per year, and the annual domestic exchanges of the country running up to nearly ten thousand millions per year; with over two thousand millions of dollars invested in manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industry; with over five hundred millions of acres of land in actual occupancy, valued, with their appurtenances, at over seven thousand millions of dollars, and producing annually crops valued at over three thousand millions of dollars; with a realm which, if the density of Belgium's population were possible, would be vast enough to include all the present inhabitants of the world; and with e(pial rights guaranteed to even the poorest and humblest of over forty millions of people, we can, with 96 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS a manly pride akin to that which distinguished the pahniest days of Rome, chiini, as the noblest title of the world, ' I am an American citizen.' " And how long a time has it taken for this wonderful transfor- mation ? In the language of Edward Everett, "They are but lately dead who saw the firstborn of the Pilgrims;" and Mr. Townsend (p. 2i) says, "The memory of one man can swing from that time of primitive government to this — when thirty-eight millions of people [he could now say seventy-six and one quarter millions], living on two oceans and in two zones, are represented in Wash- ington, and their consuls and ambassadors are in every port and metropolis of the globe." CHAPTER III POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE THE great instrument which our forefathers set forth as their bill of rights — the Declaration of Independence — contains these words : — "We hold these truths to be self-evident : that all men are created equal [this means equality only in natural and political rights]; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien- able rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." And in Art. IV, Sec. 4, of the Constitution of the United States, we find these words: "The United States shall guar- antee to every State in this Union a republican form of govern- ment." A republican form of government is one in which the power rests with the people, and the whole machinery of government is worked by representatives elected by them. This is a sufficient guaranty of civil liberty. What is said respecting religious freedom .'' In Art. \T of the Constitution, we read : " No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office of public trust under the United States." In Art. I of Amendments to the Constitution, we read, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." In reply to questions as to the design of the Constitution, from a committee of a Baptist society in Virginia, George W^ashington wrote, Aug. 4, 1789, as follows: — " If I had the least idea of any difficulty's resulting from the Constitution adopted by the Convention of which I had the honor to be the President when it was formed, so as to endanger the rights of any religious denomination, then I never should have attached my name to that instrument. If I had any idea that the general government was so administered that the liberty of conscience was endangered, I pray you be assured that no man would be more willing than myself to revise and alter that part of it, so as to avoid all religious persecutions. You can, without doubt, remember that I have often expressed my opinion, that 1 p r> lOO THE MARVEL OF NATIONS every man who conducts himself as a good citizen is accountable to God alone for his I'eligious faith, and should be protected in worshiping God according to the dictates of his own conscience." In 1830, certain memorials for prohibiting the transportation of the mails and the opening of post-offices on Sunday were referred to the Congressional Committee on Post- offices and Post-roads. The committee re- ported unfavorably to the prayer of the me- morialists. Their re- port was adopted, and printed by order of the Senate of the United States, and the committee were discharged from any further consideration of the subject. Of the Constitution they say : — "We look in vain to that instrument for au- thority to say whether the first day, or seventh day, or whether any day, has been made holy by the Almighty. "The Constitution regards the conscience of the Jew as sacred as that of the Christian, and gives no more authority to adopt a measure affecting the conscience of a solitary individual than of a whole com- munity. That representative who would violate this principle would lose his dele- gated character, and forfeit the confidence of his constituents. If Congress should declare the first day of the week holy, it would not convince the Jew nor the Sab- batarian. It would dissatisfy both, and consequently convert neither. ... If a solemn act of legislation shall in one point define the law of God, or point out to the citizen one religious duty, it may with equal propriety define every part of Ceoyge Washington ' Every man who conducts himself as a good citizen is accountable to God alone for his religious faith, and should be protected in wor- shiping God according to the dictates of his own conscience." — Washington, in Response to Committee of Baptist Society. POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE lOI revelation, and enforce every religious obligation, even to the forms and cere- monies of worship, the endowments of the church, and the support of the clergy. " The framers of the Constitution recognized the eternal principle that man's relation to his God is above human legislation, and his right of conscience inalienable. Reasoning was not necessary to establish this truth; we are con- scious of it in our own bosoms. It is this consciousness, which, in defiance of human laws, has sustained so many martyrs in tortures and flames. They felt that their duty to God was superior to human enactments, and that man could exercise no authority over their consciences. It is an inborn principle which nothing can eradicate. " It is also a fact that counter memorials, equally respectable, oppose the interference of Con. gress on the ground that it would be legislating upon a religious subject, and therefore unconsti- tutional." Hon. A. H. Cragin, of New Hampshire, in a speech in the House of Representa- tives said: — "When our forefathers reared the magnificent structure of a free republic in this Western land, they laid its foundations broad and deep in the eternal principles of right. Its materials were all quarried from the mount- ain of truth; and as it rose ma- jestically before an astonished world, it rejoiced the hearts and hopes of mankind. Tyrants only cursed the workmen and their workmanship. Its architecture was new. It had no model in Grecian or Roman history. It seemed a paragon let down from heaven to inspire the hopes of men, and to dem- onstrate God's favor to the people of the New World. The builders recognized the rights of human nature as universal. Liberty, the great first right of man, they claimed for ' all men,' and claimed it from ' God himself.' Upon this foundation they erected the temple, and dedicated it to Liberty, Humanity, Thomas Jefferson ' I consider the Government of the United States as inter- dicted by the Constitution from intermeddling with religious institutions, their doctrines, discipline, or exercises." — T. Jcjferson, Letter to Rev. Mr. Millar, on Religious Proc- lamations. I02 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Justice, and Equality. Washington was crowned its patron saint. Liberty was tlien the national goddess, worshiped by all the people. They sang of liberty, they harangued for liberty, they prayed for liberty. Slavery was then hateful. It was denounced by all." A^ain, the Bible, and the Bible alone, is the Protestant rule of faith; and liberty to wor- ship God according to the dictates of one's own con- science is the standard of relij^ious freedom in this land. It is evident that w h i 1 e the government plcd,i;es to all its citi- zens the largest amount of ci\il freedom, outside of license, it has determined to lay upon the people no religious restrictions, but to guarantee to all liberty to worship God according to their own conscience. It IS these heaven-born principles, — civil and re- ligious liberty, — so clearly recognized, so openly ac- knowledged, and so amply guaranteed, that have made this nation the attraction it has been to the people of other lands, and drawn them in such multitudes from every nation, and from every section to our shores. Townsend (" Old World and New, " p. 341) says : — "And what attached these people tons? In part, undoubtedly, our zone, and the natural endowments of this portion of the globe. In part, and of late years, our vindicated national character, and the safety of our institutions. But the magnet in America is that we are a republic — a republican people! Cursed James Madison 'We hold it for a fiiinlumc-ntal and undeniable trvith, that ri-li- pioM, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of di>icharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence." — J. Madison, Mcjiiorial to the General Assembly of the Comntonwcaltk of I 'iyginia. POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS IXFLUENXE 103 with artificial government, however gUttering, the people of Europe, like the sick, pine for nature with protection, for open vistas and blue sky, for independence without ceremony, for adventure in their own interest; and here they find it I '' Thompson ("United States as a Nation," p. 29) gives this view of the rehgious element that entered into this organization : — "In the movements in the colonies that prepared the way for the Revolution, the religious spirit was a vital and earnest element. Some of the colonies were the direct offspring of religions persecution in the o; i country, or of the desire for a larger freedom of faith and worship; and so jealous were they of any interference with the rightsof conscience, that their religion was f.tly described [by Burke in liis Speech on Conciliation" as ' a refinement on the priii- ciple of resistance, the dis- sidence of dissent, and tiie Protestantism of the Protes- tant religion.' And the col- onies that were founded in that spirit of commercial ad- venture, or for extending the realm of Great Britain, be- came also an asylum for religious refugees from all nations, and by the prospect Abraham Lincoln "The people of thes»; United States are the rightful masters . . . not to overthrow the Constitution, but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution." — A. Lincoln, Speech to the Kentuck- ians, Cincinnati, Sept. rj, iS^g. of a larger and freer religious life, attracted to themselves the men of different races and beliefs who had learnd to do and to suffer for their faith."' On page 3 i he further says : — "Thus it came to pass that the religious wars and persecutions of Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, were a training school for the political independence of the United States of America in the eighteenth centur\'. Diverse and seemingly incongruous as were the nationalities represented in the colonies, — Dutch, French, German, S.vedish Scotch, Irish, English, — they had all 104 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS imbibed, either by experience or by inheritance, something of the spirit of personal independence, and especially of religious liberty. Gustavus Adolphus designed his colony of Swedes for the benefit of ' all oppressed Christendom. ' Penn, the Quaker, established Pennsylvania as ' a free colony for all mankind,' where the settlers 'should be governed by laws of their own making.' The first charter of the Jerseys — which were largely peopled by Quakers and Scotch and Irish Presbyterians — de- clared that ' no person shall at any time, in any way, or on any pretense, be called in question, or in the least punished or hurt, for opin- ion in i-eligion.' And Ogle- thoi'pe's Colony of Georgia was founded to be a refuge for ' the distressed people of Britain, and the persecuted Pi otestants of Europe ; ' then the German Moravian settled side by side with the French Huguenot and the Scotch Presbyterian under the mot- to, ' We toil not for our- selves, but for others.' " Pere Hyacinthe, after a tour in New England, said he had remarked in every town three institutions that epitomized American soci- ety, — the bank, the school, and the church. A true picture. And you see the intellectual and the spiritual are two to one against the material, — the bank, the storehouse of gains and savnigs; the school and the church, the distributing reservoirs of what is freely taken from the bank and given to those educating and spiritualizing forces of society. " 'The Americans,' says De Tocqueville, 'show by their practice that they feel the high necessity of imparting morality to democratic communities by means of religion. It is not on Sunday alone, as De Tocqueville imagined, 'that the American steals an hour from himself, and laying aside for a while the petty passions which agitate his life and the ephemeral interests which engross it, strays at once into an ideal world, where all is great, eternal, and pure.' " — /^ thousand million tons of coal — that is 2,000 tons for every dollar of our national debt; and the Keystone State, which in other ways contributed so nobly to the national cause, came forward in the hour of our sorest need, and poured into our finances an element of a marvel- ous quickening and strength — oil, which lubricated the machinery of the govern- Oil Industry 114 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS ment, and helped to illuminate the night of our trial. In 1862, 42,000,000 gallons of petroleum were exported, and its benefits extended far beyond its cash value. It employed labor and rewarded capital: it stimulated internal industry and exter- nal commerce. But all our people are employed; how, then, can these immense resources ever be developed? — By the rapidly multiplying millions. In 1800, there were in Indiana 4,875 inhabitants; in i860, 1,350,428 [in igoi, 2,516,462]. In 1849, in Minnesota, 4,000 inhabitants; in 1864, 350,000 [in 1901, 1,751,394]. In 1850, there were i,goo acres of land ploughed in Minnesota; in i860, 433,276 acres. " Now, what is the bearing of these startling facts upon our argument? A gi-eat nation must be materially great. It must have ground to stand on, and a field to work in, for only work can make a man or a nation great. These amazing resources are to furnish us the machinery for a splendid career of civil, moral, and religious progress. " The Review of Reviews, July, 190 1, says : — " A good many Englishmen, taking a more philosophical view of the situation, have already reconciled themselves to the fact that the United States is henceforth to surpass all other manufacturing nations, and they are calmly investing their money in the shares of the American indus- trial companies." Mr. Frederic Harrison, in the Nineteenth Centujy for June, 1 90 1, gives the impressions of America he received in his recent visit to the United States. He says : — " My own impression is that in spite of the vast proportion of immigrant population, the language, character, habits, of native Americans rapidly absorb and incorporate all foreign elements. In the third or fourth generation, all exotic differences are mei^ged. In one sense the United Stales seemed to me to be more homogeneous than the United Kingdom. There is no State, city, or large area which has a distinct race of its own, as Ireland, Wales, and Scotland have; and of course there is nothing analogous to the diverse nationalities of the British empire. From Long Island to San Francisco, from Florida Bay to Van- couver Island, there is one dominant race and civilization, one language, one type of law, one sense of nationality. That race, that nationality, is American to the core, and the consciousness of its vast expansion and collective force fills the mind of American citizens as nothing can do to this degree in the nations of Western Europe, " Flour Mills, Minneapolis, Minn. ORIGINAL MAIL COACH UNDER DIFFICULTY THE MODERN MAIL TRAIN AT FULL SPEED POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE 117 ELEMENTS OF AMERICAN GREATNESS. In short, Mr. Harrison found here something more than "mere bigness." Vast expansion, collective force, inexhaustible energy, — these were the impressions forced on the visitor, beyond all that he could have conceived, or had expected to find. He says : — "No competent observer can doubt that in wealth, manufactures, material progress of all kinds, the United States in a very few years must hold the first place in the world without dispute. The natural resources of their country exceed those of all Europe put together. Their energy exceeds that of the British, their intelligence is hardly second to that of Germany and France, And their social and political system is more favorable to material development than any other society devised by man. Of course, for the American citizen and the thoughtful visitor, the real problem is whether this vast prosperity, this bound- less future of theirs, rests upon an equal expansion in the social, intellectual, and moral sphere. " As to educational activities, he says : — " Chicago struck me as being somewhat unfairly condemned, as devoted to nothing but mammon and pork. Certainly during my visit I heard of nothing but the progress of education, university endowments, people's institutes, libra- ries, museums, art schools, workingmen's model dwellings and farms, literary culture, and scientific foundations. " Mr. Harrison concluded that "the educational machinery of the nation, taken as a whole, must be at least tenfold that of the United Kingdom." CHAPTER IV THE HAND OF PROVIDENCE W'UameHe H.vbor. Oregon UR countn's progress, even under so brief a survey as that contained in the pre- ceding chapters, must strike every one as a marvel of na- tional growth. And when we take into consideration the convictions expressed by some of the eminent authors from whom we have quoted, that the hand of Providence has been more conspicuous in the development of this nation than in that of any other, it is calculated to intensify greatly our interest in the subject, and hasten us on to an investigation of the query whether this nation is not mentioned in that prophetic \\'ord which has outlined the great epochs of human history, pointed out the nations, and in some instances the individuals, which were to act a part therein, and described the movements they would make. Cer- tainly if the hand of Providence has been so conspicuously present in our history, as some of the writers already referred to affirm, we could hardly do less than look for some mention of this government in that Book which makes it a special purpose to record the workings of that Providence among mankind. What, then, are the probabil- ities in the matter .'' On what conditions might we expect to find mention of it '■ If the same conditions exist here as those which have made other nations subjects of prophecy, should we not expect to hnd iiS THE HAND OF PROVIDENCE 119 mention of this also ? On what conditions, then, have other nations found a place on the prophetic record ? The answer is that it is on these conditions; namely, first, if they have acted ^Any prominent part in the world's history; and secondly, and above all, if they have had jurisdiction over the people of God, or, in other words, have main- tained such relations with them that the history of the people of God could not be written without mention of the nation with which they were connected. By comparing the prophecies and records of the Bible with the records of secular history, we find data from which to deduce the rule here given respecting the prophetic mention of earthly governments; and as it is a very important one, the reader will permit us to state it again: Whenever the relation of God's people to any nation is such that a true history of His people, which is the leading object of revelation, could not be given without a notice of the people, such nation is mentioned in prophecy. And all these conditions are certainly fulfilled in our government. As regards the first, no nation has ever attracted more attention, excited more profound wonder, or given promise of greater eminence or influence among the nations of the earth; and as touching the second, certainly here, if anywhere on the globe, is to be found a strong array of Christians, such as are the salt of the earth and the light of the world, w'hose history could not be written without men- tion of that government under which they live and enjoy their liberty. A SERIES OF SYMBOLS EXAMINED. With these probabilities in favor of the proposition that thisgovern- ment should be a subject of prophecy, let us now take a brief survey of those symbols found in the word of God which represent earthly governments. These are found chiefly, if not entirely, in the books of Daniel and the Revelation. In Daniel 2 a symbol is introduced in the form of a great image consisting of four parts, — gold, silver, brass, and iron. This image is finally dashed to atoms, and a great mountain, taking its place, fills the whole earth, and remains forever. In Daniel 7 the prophet records a vision in which he was shown a lion, a bear, a leopard, and a greatand terrible nondescript beast, which, after passing through a new and remarkable phase, is cast into a lake of fire, and utterly perishes. I20 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS In Daniel 8 mention is made of a ram, a he-goat, and a horn, httle at first, but waxing exceeding great, which is finally broken without hand. Verse 25. In Revelation 9 we have a description of locusts like unto horses. In Revelation 12 we have a great red dragon. In Revelation 1 3 a blasphemous leopard beast is brought to view, and another beast with two horns like a lamb. In Revelation 17, John gives us a graphic pen-picture of a scarlet-colored beast, upon which a woman Fall of Ancient Babylon sits, holding in her hand a golden cup, full of filthiness and abom- ination. What governments and what powers are represented by all these symbols ? Do any of them symbolize our own government ? Some of them certainly represent earthly kingdoms, for so the prophecies themselves expressly inform us;' and in the application of nearly all of them there is quite a uniform agreement among expositors. The four parts of the great image of Daniel 2 represent four kingdoms. IThus, interpretin? the different divisions of the great image, Daniel said to Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, " T/iou art this head of gold." Dan. 2 : 38. The remaining parts — silver, brass, iron — are called three succeeding " kingdoms." Verses 3g, 40. In Dan. 8 : 10, 11, the ram is called Media and Persia, the rough goat. Grecia, and the notable horn, her first king. Thus are we established in the line of interpretation, and guided in the application. THE HAND OF PROVIDENCE 121 They symbolize, respectively, ancient Babylon, or Chaldea, Medo- Persia, Grecia, and Rome. The lion of the seventh chapter also represents Babylon; the bear, Medo-Persia; the leopard, Grecia; and the great and terrible beast, Rome. The horn with human eyes and mouth, which appears in the second phase of this beast, represents the papacy, and covers its history down to the time when it was temporarily overthrown by the French Ancient Athens in 1798. In Daniel 8, likewise, the ram represents Medo-Persia; the he-goat, Grecia; and the little horn, Rome. All these have a very clear and definite application to the governments named. None of them thus far can have any reference to the United States. The symbols brought to view in Revelation 9, all commentators concur in applying to the Saracens and Turks. The dragon of Revelation 12 is the acknowledged symbol of pagan Rome. The leopard beast of Revelation 1 3 can be shown to be identical with the eleventh horn of the fourth beast of Daniel 7, and hence to symbolize the papacy. The scarlet beast and the woman of Revelation 17 as evidently apply also to Rome under papal rule, the symbols having 9 122 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS especial reference to the distinction between the civil power and the ecclesiastical, the civil being represented by the beast, the ecclesias- tical by the woman seated thereon. There is one symbol left, last but not least, the youngest of the family, that vigorous and sprightly fellow with two horns like a lamb, brought to view in Revelation 13 : 11-17^ — what nation does that symbolize ? On this there is more difference of opinion. Let us, therefore, before seeking for an application, look at the time and territory covered by those already examined. Babylon and Medo- Persia covered all the civilized portion of Asia, in ancient times. Greece covered Eastern Europe, including Russia. Rome, with the ten kingdoms into which it was divided before the end of the fifth century A. d., as represented by the ten toes of the image, the ten horns of the fourth beast of Daniel 7, the ten horns of the dragon of Revelation 12, and the ten horns of the leopard beast of Revelation 13 and Dan. 7 : 24, covered all Western Europe. In other words, all the civilized portions of the eastern hemisphere are absorbed and appropriated by the symbols already examined. But there is a mighty nation in this western hemisphere, worthy, as we have seen, of being mentioned in prophecy, which is not yet brought in; and there is one symbol remaining on the prophetic page, the application of which has not yet been made. All the symbols but one are applied, and all the available portions of the earth, with the exception of our own land, are covered by the nations which these symbols represent. Of all the symbols men- tioned, one alone — the two-horned beast of Revelation 13 — is left; and of all the countries of the earth respecting which p.ny reason exists why they should be mentioned in the prophecy at all, one alone — our own government — remains. Do the two-horned sym- bol and the United States belong together } If they do, then all the symbols find an application, and all the ground is covered. If they do not, it follows, first, that the United States is not represented in prophecy by any of the national symbols, as, for the reasons already stated, we should expect it would be; and secondly, that the two- horned symbol of Rev. 13: 11-17 finds no government to which it can apply. But the first or these suppositions is not probable ; and the second is not possible. 1 CHAPTER V PROPHECY SPEAKS, AND WHAT IT SAYS 'iET us now enter upon a more particular examination of the second symbol of Revela- tion 13, seeking- to determine its application with greater certainty. What is said re- specting this symbol — the beast with two horns lii --^ ^^ . A "^'•SBb-' ' "^^^^1 ^^H^nB^k ~'^jH ^^^^^^H Hb ^H ^^^^^^^I^^^^^^Br^ <^ Hi ;" ■& OLLOWING, in consecutive order, the leopard, or papal, beast of Revelation 13, comes another symbol, whose appearance the prophet delineates, and whose work he describes, in the follow- ing most explicit language : — " I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns Hke a lamb, and he spake as a dragon. And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. And he doeth great wonders so that he maketh fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men, and deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the beast; saying to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make an image to the beast which had the wound by a sword, and did live. And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed. And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a Rooster Rock on Columbia River 132 LOCATION OF THE GOVERNMENT 133 mark 111 their right hand, or in their foreheads; and that no man might buy or sell, save he that had tiie mark, or tlie name of the beast, or the number of his name," Rev. 13:11-17. These few verses, with an allusion to the same power under the name of "the false prophet" in Rev. 16 : 13 and 19 : 20, furnish all the testimony we have respecting this symbol, which it is most con- venient to call "the twa-horned beast ; " but brief as it is, it gives sufficient data for a very certain application of the symbol in ques- tion. As an example of the world of meaning which prophecy can condense into a few words, a portion of the first verse of the forego- ing quotation may be instanced. Here, within a compass of nine- teen words, only three of which are words of more than one syllable, six grand points are made, which, taken together, are sufficient to determine accurately the application of this symbol. The prophet says, first, that it is "another beast;" secondly, that when his attention was turned to it, it was "coming up;" thirdly, that it came up " out of the earth ; " fourthly, that it had "two horns ; fifthly, that these horns were hi'.e those of "a lamb ; " and sixthly, that it came up after the preceding beast had gone into captivity. The two-horned beast, then, is "another beast, " in addition to, and different from, the papal beast which the prophet had just had under consideration under the symbol of a leopard beast ; that is, it symbolized a power separate and distinct from that which is denoted by the preceding beast. This which John calls ''another beast" is certainly no part of the first beast ; and the power symbolized by 't is likewise no part of that which is intended by that beast. This is fatal to the claim of those who, to avoid the application of this sym- bol to our own government, say that it denotes some phase of the papacy ; for in that case it would be a part of the preceding, or leop- ard, beast, not "another beast. " To avoid this difficulty, it is claimed that the two-horned beast represents simply the religious power of Rome under papal rule, while the leopard beast represents only the civil power, and that these symbols correspond to the beast and the woman in Revelation 17, the one being the civil power, the other the ecclesiastical. But this claim also falls to the ground just as soon as it is shown that the leopard beast represents the religious as well as the civil element of that power. And nothing is easier than to show this. 134 THE MARVEL OE NATIONS Take the i'lrst symbol, the dragon. What docs it rei)reseiit ? — Rome. But this is not enough ; for Rome has presented two great phases to the world, and the inquirer wants to know which one is intended by this symbol. The answer then is. Pagan Rome ; but just as soon as we add " pagan, '" we introduce a religious element ; for paganism is one of the oldest and strongest systems of false reli- gion ever de\'ised by the archenemy of truth. It was, then, the religious element in the empire that determined what symbol should be used to represent it ; and the dragon represented Rome while under the control of a particular form of religion. But the time comes when another symbol is introduced upon the scene — the leopard beast arises out of the sea. What power is sym- bolized by this .'' The answer still is, Rome. But the dragon sym- bolized Rome, and why not let that symbol continue to represent it .' Whoever attempts to answer this question must say that it is because a change had taken place in the power. What change.*' Two kinds of changes are conspicuous in the history of Rome, — changes in the form of government, and a change in religion. But this cannot denote any change in the form of government ; for the seven different forms of government that Rome consecutively assumed are rep- resented by the seven heads of the dragon and the seven heads of the leopard beast. The religions change alone must therefore be denoted by this change of symbols. Paganism and Christianity were mingled, and the mongrel production was the papacy ; and this new religion, and this alone, made a cJiange in the symbol necessary. Every candid mind must assent to this ; and this assent is an admis- sion of the utter absurdity of trying to limit this symbol to the civil power alone. So far from its representing the civil power alone, it is to the ecclesiastical element that it owes its very existence. The ecclesiastical is therefore the essential element, and without it the symbol could not exist. That the leopard beast represents ecclesiastical as well as civil power is further shown in the arguments already presented to prove that this beast is identical with the little horn of the fourth beast of Daniel 7, which symbolizes the papacy in all its component parts and through all its history. It is the leopard beast alone that is identical with this little horn, not the leopard beast and the two- horned beast taken together. LOCATION OF THE GOVERNMENT 135 Again, pagan Rome gave its seat to the papacy. The dragon gave his seat to the leopard beast. If it takes both the leopard beast and the two-horned beast to constitute the papacy, the prophet should have said that the dragon gave his seat and power to these tioo beasts combined. The fact that this transfer was to the leopard beast alone, is proof positive that that beast alone symbolizes the papacy in its entirety. When, therefore, John calls the two-horned beast "another beast," it is certain that he does not mean any particular phase or any part of the papal power. It is claimed by others that the two-horned beast represents England; by still others, France; and by some, Russia, etc. The first, among many other fatal objections to all these applications, is, that the territory occupied by all these powers had been already appropriated by preceding symbols. The prophecy does not read that the lion, the bear, or the leopard reappeared under a new phase; or that one of the ten horns of the leopard beast became another beast. If the two-horned beast symbolized any of these, it would be a part of other beasts instead of "another beast," separate and distinct, as it must be, from all the rest. It is a law of symbols that each one occupies territory peculiarly its own; that is, the territory which constituted the original government was no part of that which had been occupied by the previous powers. Thus, Babylon had its territory, and Medo-Persia rose on the territory not occupied by Babylon; Medo-Persia and Babylon together covered all that portion of Asia known to ancient civilization. The Grecian, or Macedonian, kingdom arose to the west of them, occupying all the Eastern portion of Europe, so far as it was known at that time. Rome rose still to the west, in territory unoccupied by Grecia. Rome was divided into ten kingdoms; but though Rome conquered the world, we look for these ten kingdoms only in that territory which had never been included in other kingdoms. We look not to Eastern Europe, for that was included in the dominion of the third beast; nor to Asia, for that constituted the empires of the first and second beasts; but to Western Europe, which territory was unoccupied, in symbolic prophecy, until taken by Rome and its divisions. The ten kingdoms which rose out of th(,' old Roman empire arc 136 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS enumerated as follows by Machiavelli, indorsed by Bishop Newton, Faber, and Dr. Hales: i. The Huns; 2. The Ostrogoths; 3. The Visigoths; 4. The Franks; 5. The Vandals; 6. The Suevi; 7. The Burgundians; 8. The Heruli; 9. Thie Anglo-Saxons; and 10. The Lombards. These kingdoms have since been known, says Scott, as the "ten kingdoms of the Western empire," and they are distinguish- able at the present day, some of them even by their modern names; as, Burgundy, Lombardy, France, England, etc., from Burgundians, Lombards, Franks, Anglo-Saxons, etc. These ten kingdoms being denoted by the ten horns of the leopard beast, it is evident that all the territory included in these ten kingdoms is to be considered as covered by that symbol. England is one of these ten kingdoms ; France is another. If, therefore, we say that either of these is the one represented by the two-horned beast, we make one of the horns of the leopard beast constitute the two-horned beast. But this the prophecy forbids; for while John sees the leopard beast fully devel- oped, with his horns all complete and distinct, he beholds the two- horned beast coming up, and calls it "another beast." We are therefore to look for the government which this beast symbolizes in some country outside the territory occupied by the four beasts and the ten horns already referred to. But these, as we have seen, cover all the available portions of the eastern hemisphere. Another consideration pointing to the locality of this power is drawn from the fact that John saw it arising from the earth. If the sea from which the leopard beast arose (Rev. 13:1) denotes peoples, nations, and multitudes, as John expressly affirms, in Rev. 17: 15, his use of the word " earth " here would suggest, by contrast, a new and previously unoccupied territory. Being thus excluded from eastern continents and impressed with the idea of looking to territory not previously known to civilization, we turn of necessity to the western hemisphere. And this is in full harmony with the ideas already quoted, and more which might be presented, that the progress of empire is with the sun around the earth from east to west. Commencing in Asia, the cradle of the race, it would end on this continent, which completes the circuit. Bishop Berkeley, in his celebrated poem on America, written more than one hundred years ago, in the following forcible lines, pointed LOCATION OF THE GOVERNMENT T37 out the then future position of America, and its connection with pre- ceding empires : — " IVesiward the course of empire takes its way, The first four acts already past, A. fifth shall close the drama with the day ; Time's noblest offspring is the last." By the " iirst four acts already past, " the bishop had undoubted reference to the four- universal kingdoms of Daniel's prophecy. A fifth great power, the noblest and the last, was, according to his poem, to arise this side of the Atlantic, and here close the drama of time, as the day here ends its circuit. Laying an Ocean Cable To what part of the American continent shall we look for the power in question.'' — To the most powerful and prominent nation, certainly. This is so self-evident that we need not stop to pass in review the frozen fragments of humanity on the north of us, nor the weak, superstitious, semibarbarous, revolutionary, and uninfluential kingdoms to the south of us. No; we come to the United States, and here we are held. To this nation the question of the location of the two-horned beast undeviatingly leads us. As an objection to this view, it may occur to some minds that the two-horned beast exercises all the power of the first beast before him (Greek, ivM-mov, literally, in his eyes, or before his face), and does wonders in his sight; and how can the United States, separated by an ocean from European kingdoms, hold such an intimate relation lO 138 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS to them ? We answer, Space and time are annihilated by the tele- graph. Through the Atlantic cable (an enterprise which, by the w^ay, owes its origin to the United States), the lightnings are continually picturing to European beholders the affairs of America. Any impor- tant event occurring here is described the next hour in the journals of Europe. So far as the transmission of an account of our pro- ceedings to the people of the Old World is concerned, it is as if America lay at the mouth of the English Channel.' And the eyes of all Europe are intently watching our movements. Says Mr. Townsend ("New World and Old," p. 583): — "All the great peoples of Europe are curiously interested and amazed in the rise of America, and their rulers at present compete for our friendship. ' Europe,' said the prince Talleyrand long ago, ' must have an eye on America, and take care not to offer any pretext for recrimination or retaliation. America is growing every day. She will become a colossal power, and the time will come when (discoveries enabling her to communicate more easily with Europe) she will want to say a word in our affairs, and have a hand in them.' " The time has come, and the discoveries have been made, to which Talleyrand referred. It is almost as easy now to communicate with Europe as with our nearest town; and thus whatever the United States does, it is done in the sight, yes, even before the eyes, of all Europe. One strong pillar in the argument is thus firmly set. The terms of the prophecy absolutely fix the location of the power symbolized by the two-horned beast; and that location is in this western hemi- sphere. Then it can be noivJicrc else but our own country. And the conclusion is thus as unavoidable, that our own nation, the United States, is the power in question. A striking confirmation of this fore- cast is furnished by the incidents of the late Spanish war. This has brought America to the front as a "world power" in the eyes of the nations. Our connection with Cuba, the acquisition of Porto Rico, operations in the Philippines, and participation in the troubles in China, have shown to all that the United States is a power hence- forth to be reckoned with in all international complications. This falls into faultless harmony with the application here set forth. 1 Bear in mind also the remarkable American invention mentioned on a preceding page, which is soon to transform the Atlantic cable and other deep-sea and long-distance cables into /i'/<'//io«(' wires, by which tlie Uniled Slates will be brought, as there stated, into coiiVersutional distance with all Europe. CHAPTER Vll CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOVERNMENT MUST IT ARISE? WHEN AVING become satisfied ivhcrc the power symbol- ized by the two-horned beast must be located, we now inquire respecting the time when we may look for its development. At what period in this world's history is the rise of this power placed in the prophecy ? On this point, as on the preceding, the foundation for the conclu- sions at which we must arrive is already laid in the facts elicited in refer- ence to the preceding, or leopard, beast. It was at the time when this beast went into captivity, or was killed (pohtically) with the sword (verse lo), or (which we suppose to be the same thing) had one of its heads wounded to death (verse 3), that John saw the two-horned beast coming up. If the leopard beast, as we have conclusively proved, signifies the papacy, and the going into captivity met its fulfillment in the temporary overthrow of popedom by the French in 1798, then we have the epoch definitely specified wJien we are to look 141 Pn'mitwe American Life 142 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS for the rising of this power. The expression, "coming up," must signify that the power to which it apphes was but newly organized, and was then just rising into prominence and iniiuence. The power represented by this symbol must, then, be some power which in 1798 stood in this position before the world. That the leopard beast is a symbol of the papacy there can be no question; but some may want more evidence that the w^ounding of one of its heads, or its going into captivity, was the overthrow of the papacy in 1798. This can easily be given. A nation being repre- sented by a wild beast, the government of that nation, that by which it is controlled, must, as a very clear matter of course, be considered as answering to the head of the beast. The seven heads of this beast would therefore denote seven different governments; but all the heads pertain to one beast, and hence all these seven different forms of gov- ernment pertain to one empire. But only one form of government can exist in a nation at one time; hence the seven heads must denote seven forms of government to appear, not simultaneously, but suc- cessively. But these heads pertain alike to the dragon and the leopard beast, from which this one conclusion only can be drawn; namely, that Rome, during its whole history, embracing both its pagan and papal phases, would change its form of government six times, presenting to the world seven different forms in all. And the historian records just that number as pertaining to Rome. Rome was ruled first by kings; secondly, by consuls; thirdly, by decemvirs; fourthly, by dictators; fifthly, by triumvirs; sixthly, by emperors; and seventh!}', by popes. See "American Encyclopedia." John saw one of these heads wounded as it were to death. Which one .'' Can we tell } Let it be noticed, first, that it is one of the heads of the beast which is wounded to death, and not one of the heads of the dragon; that is, it is some form of government which existed in Rome after the change of symbols from the dragon to the leopard beast. We then inquire. How many of the different forms of Roman government belonged absolutely to the dragon, or existed in Rome while it maintained its dragonic, or pagan form .'' These same seven heads are again presented to John in Revelation 1 7 ; and the angel there explains that they are seven kings, or forms of gov- ernment (verse 10); and he informs John that five are fallen, and one CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOVERNMENT 143 is; that is, five of these forms of government were already past in John's day, and he was hving under the sixth. Under what form did John hve ? A /issuer. The imperial; for it was the cruel decree of the emperor Domitian which banished him to the Isle of Patmos, where this vision was given. Kings, consuls, decemvirs, dictators, and triumvirs were all in the past in John's day. Emperors were then ruling the Roman world; and the empire was still pagan. Six of these heads, therefore, — kings, consuls, decemvirs, dictators, triumvirs, and emperors, — belonged to the dragon; for they all existed while Rome was pagan; and it was no one of these that was wounded to death; for had it been, John would have said, I saw one of the heads of the dragon wounded to death. The wound was inflicted after the empire had so changed in respect to its religion that it became necessary to represent it by the leopard beast. But the beast had only seven heads, and if six of them pertain to the dragon, only one remained to have an existence after this change in the empire took place. After the emperors, the sixth and last head that existed in Rome in its dragonic form, came the popes, the only head that existed after the empire had nominally become Christian. The "Exarchate of Ravenna" existed so "short a space" (Rev. 17 : 10) that it has no place in the general enumeration of the heads. From these considerations it is evident that the head which received the mortal wound was none other than the papal head. This conclusion cannot be shaken. We have now only to inquire when the papal head was wounded to death. It could not certainly be till after the papacy had reached that degree of development that caused it to be mentioned on the prophetic page. But after it was once established, the prophecy marked out for it an uninterrupted rule of 1260 years, which, dating from its rise in 53(S, would extend to 1798. And right there the papacy was, for the time being, over- thrown. General Berthier, by order of the French Directory, moved against the dominions of the pope in January, 179S. February 10, he effected an entrance into the self-styled "Eternal City," and on the 15th of the same month proclaimed the establishment of the Roman Republic. The pope, after this deprivation of his authority, was conveyed to France as a prisoner, and died at Valence, Aug. 29, 1799. 144 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS This would have been the end of the papacy had this overthrow been permanent. The wound would have proved fatal had it not been healed. But, though the wound was healed, the scar (to extend the figure a little) has ever since remained. A new pope was elected in 1 800, and the papacy was restored, but only to a partial possession of its former privileges. Rev. Geo. Croly, A. M., speaking upon this point, says: — " The extinction of torture and secrecy is the virtual extinction of the tribunal. The power of the pope, as a systematic persecutor, has thus been annulled by the events growing out of the Republican era of 1793. " — " Croly on the Apocalypse,'" p. ^j/. Let the reader look carefully at this event. It furnishes a com- plete fulfillment of the prophecy ; and it is the only event in all Roman history which does this ; for, though the first six heads were each in turn exterminated, or gave place to the succeeding head, of no one of them could it be said that it received a deadly wound, which was afterward healed. And as this overthrow of the papacy by the French military must be the wounding of the head mentioned in Rev. 13:3, so, likewise, must it be the going into captivity, and the killing with the sword, mentioned in verse 10; for it is an event of the right nature to fufill the prophecy, and one which occurred at the right time; namely, at the end of the time, times, and a half, the forty-two months, or the 1260 years; and no other event can he found answering to the record in these respects. We are not left, there- fore, with any discretionary power in the application of this prophecy; for God, by his providence, has marked the era of its accomplish- ment in as plain a manner as though He had proclaimed with an audible voice, "Behold here the accomplishment of my prophetic word! " Thus clearly is the exact time when we are to look for the rise of the two-horned beast indicated in the prophecy; for John, as soon as he beholds the captivity of the first, or leopard, beast, says, "I beheld another beast coming up." And his use of the present parti- ciple, "coming," clearly connects this view with the preceding verse, and shows it to be an event transpiring simultaneously with the going into captivity of the previous beast. If he had said, "I had seen another beast coming up," it would prove that when he saw it, it was CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOVERNMENT 145 coming up, but that the time when he beheld it was indefinitely in the past. If he had said, " I beheld another beast which had come up," it would prove that although his attention was called to it at the time when the first beast went into captivity, yet its rise was still indefinitely in the past. But when he says, "I beheld another beast coining ?//, " it proves that when he turned his eyes from the captivity of the first beast, he saw another power just then in the proc- ess of rapid development among the nations of the earth. So, then, about the year 1 798, the star of that power which is symbolized by the two-horned beast must be seen rising over the ho- rizon of the nations, and claiming its place in the polit- ical heavens. In view of these con- siderations, it is useless to speak of this power as hav- ing arisen ages in the past. To at- tempt such an ap- plication is to show one's self utterly reckless in regard to the plainest statements of inspiration. Again, the work of the two-horned beast is plainly located, by verse 12, this side the captivity of the first beast, and the healing of his wound. It is there stated, in direct terms, that the two-horned beast causes "the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast whose deadly wound zvas healed.'' But worship could not be rendered to a beast whose deadly wound was healed, till after that healing was aecomplishcd. This brings the worship which this two-horned beast enforces unmistakably within the 19th century. Says Elder J. Litch (" Restitution," p. 131): — "The two-horned l)east is represented as a power existing and performing his part after the death and revival of the first beast." An Early Mounialn Settler 146 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Mr. Wesley, in his notes on Revelation 14, written in 1754, says of the two-horned beast : — '■ He has not yet come, though he cannot be far off: for he is to appear at the end of the forty-two months of the first beast." We find three additional declarations in the book of Revelation which prove, in a general sense, that the two-horned beast performs his work with that generation of men who are to behold the closing up of all earthly scenes, and the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ; and these will complete the argument on this point: — I . The first is the message of the third angel, brought to view in the 14th of Revelation. It is not our purpose to enter into an exposi- tion of the three messages of that chapter. We call the attention of the reader to only one fact, which must be apparent to all; and that is, that the third of these messages is the last warning of danger and the last offer of mercy before the close of human probation; for the event which immediately follows is the appearance of one like the Sonjof man, on a white cloud, coming to reap the harvest of the earth (verse 14); and this can represent nothing else but the second advent of the Lord from heaven. Whatever views, therefore, a per- son may take of the first and second messages, and at whatever time he may apply them, it is very certain that the third and last one cov- ers the closing hours of time, and reaches down to the second coming of Christ. And what is the burden of this message ? It is a denun-. elation of the unmingled wrath of God against those who worship the beast and his image. But this worship of the beast and his image is the very practice which the two-horned beast endeavors to enforce upon the people. The third message, then, is a warning against the work of the two-horned beast. And as there would be no propriety in supposing this warning to be given after that work was performed, since it could appropriately be given only when the two-horned beast was about to enforce that worship, and while he was endeavoring to enforce it; and since the second coming of Christ immediately suc- ceeds the proclamation of this message, it follows that the duties enjoined by this message, and the decrees enforced by the two- horned beast, constitute the last test to be brought to bear upon the world; and hence the two-horned beast performs his work, not ages CHRONOLOGY OF THE GOVERNMENT 147 in the past, but during the last generation of men to live before Christ's coming. 2. The second passage showing that the work of the two-horned beast is performed just before the close of time, is found in Rev. 15:2, which we have shown to refer to the same company spoken of in chapter 14 : 1-5. Here is a company who have gained the victory over the beast and his image, and the mark, and the number of his name; in other words, they have been in direct conflict with the two- horned beast, which endeavors to enforce the worship of the beast and the reception of his mark. And these are "redeemed from among men " (Rev. 14 : 4), or are translated from among the living at the second coming of Christ. i Cor. 15:51, 52; i Thess. 4 : 16, 17. This, again, shows conclusively that it is the last generation which witnesses the work of this power. 3. The third passage is Rev. 19 : 20, which speaks of the two- horned beast under the title of the false prophet, and mentions a point not given in Revelation 13; namely, the doom he is to meet. In the battle of the great day, which takes place in connection w^th the second coming of Christ (verses 11-19), the false prophet, or two- horned beast, is cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone; and the word " alive " signifies that this power will be at that time a living power, performing its part in all its strength and vigor. This power is not to pass off the stage of action and be succeeded by another, but is to be a ruling power till destroyed by the King of kings and Lord of lords when He comes to dash the nations in pieces with a rod of iron. Ps. 2 : 9; Dan. 2:35. The sum of the argument, then, on this matter of chronology, is this : The two-horned beast does not come into the field of this vision previous to the year 1798; it has its marvelous development after that time; it finishes its work while the last generation of men is living on the earth; and it comes up to the battle of the great day a living power in the full vigor of its strength. As it was shown in the argument on the location of the two- horned beast that we are limited in our application to the western continent, so we are limited still further by its chronology ; for it must not only be some power which arises this side of the Atlantic, but one which is seen coming up here at a particular time. Taking our stand, 148 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS then, in the year 1798, the time indicated in the prophecy, we invite the careful attention of the reader to this question : What independ- ent power in either North or South America was at that time "coming up" in a manner to answer to the conditions of the prophecy? All that part of North America lying to the north of us was under the dominion of Russia and Great Britain. Mexico, to the southwest, was a Spanish colony. Passing to South America, Brazil belonged to Portugal; and most of the other South American states were under Spanish control. In short, tJierc was not tlicii a single civilized, independent government in the New World, except our own United States. This nation, therefore, must be the one represented in the prophecy; for no other answers the specifications in the least degree. It has always taken the lead of all European settlements in this hemisphere. It was " coming up " at the exact time indicated in the prophecy. Like a lofty monument in a field all its own, we here behold the United States grandly overtowering all the continent. So far as God's providence works among the nations for the accomplish- ment of his purposes, it is visible in the development of this country as an agent to fulfill his word. On these two vital points of location and CHRONOLOGY, the arguments which show that our country is THE ONE represented by the symbol of the two-horned beast of Rev. 13 :ii-i7, are absolutely conclusive. The author will esteem it a personal favor, if the reader will be pleased to study with particular care the arguments and facts which show, so far as location and chronology are concerned, that the symbol with two horns like a lamb refers to the great nation on this side of the Atlantic, and that tJie United States of America is a sub- ject of prophecy. These are points which all can consider in an unbiased manner. And if this country is a subject of prophecy, if here some of the great plans of God and of human history are to be worked out, all ought to knoiv it ; for all are concerned in it. Let not these points, therefore, be passed by without due study and care. AMERICAN MONUMENTS At the Head of LaloureUe Falls, Oregon CHAPTER VIII THE UNITED STATES HAS ARISEN IN THE EXACT MAN- NER INDICATED BY THE SYMBOL. The manner in which the two-horned beast was seen coming up shows, equally with its location and its chronology, that it is a symbol of the United States. John says he saw the beast coming up "out of the earth." And this expression must have been designedly used to point out the contrast between the rise of this beast and that of other national prophetic symbols. The four beasts of Daniel 7 and the leopard beast of Revelation 13 all arose out of the sea. Says Daniel, "The four winds of the heaven strove upon the great sea; and four beasts came up from the sea." The sea denotes peoples, nations, and tongues (Rev. 17:15), and the winds denote political strife and commotion. Jer. 25 : 32, 33. There was, then, in this scene, the dire commotion of nature's mightiest elements, — the wind above, the waters beneath, the fury of the gale, the roaring and dash- ing of the waves, the tumult of the raging storm; and in the midst of this war of elements, as if aroused from the depths of the sea by the fearful commotion, these beasts one after another appeared. In other words, the governments of which these beasts were symbols owed their origin to movements among the people which would be well represented by the sea lashed into foam by the sweeping gale; they arose by the upheavals of revolution, and through the strife of war. 151 152 THE MARVEL Ol- NATIONS But when the prophet beholds the rising of the two-horned beast, how different the scene ! No poUtical tempest sweeps the horizon, no armies clash together like the waves of the sea. He does not behold the troubled and restless surface of the waters, but a calm and immovable expanse of earth. And out of this earth, like a plant growing up in a quiet and sheltered spot, he sees this beast, bearing on his head the horns of a lamb, those eloquent symbols of youth and innocence, daily augmenting in bodily propor- tions, and daily increasing in physical strength. If any one should here point to the war of the Revolution as an event which destroys the force of this apj^lication, it would be suffi- cient to reply (i) that that war was at least fifteen years in the past when the two-horned beast was introduced into the field of this vision; and (2) that the war of the Revolution was not a war of coiKjitcsL It was not waged to ovcrtliroiv any other kingdom and build this government on its ruins, but only to defend the just rights of the American peo})le. An act of resistance against continual attcm})ts of injustice and tyranny cannot certainly be placed in the same category with wars of oppression and con(|uest. The same may be said of the war of 18 12. Hence these conilicts do not even partake of the nature of objections to the application here set forth. The same view of this point is taken by eminent statesmen here and elsewhere. In a speech at the "Centennial Dinner, " at the Westminster Palace Hotel, London, July 4, 1876, J. P. Thompson, LL. D., said : — " I thank God that this birthday of the United States as a nation docs not commemorate a victory of arms. War preceded it, gave occasion to it, followed it; but the figure of Independence shaped on the Fourth of July, 1776, wears no helmet, brandishes no sword, and carries no stain of slaughter and blood. I recognize all that war has done for the emancipation of the race, the progress of society, the assertion and maintenance of liberty itself; I honor the licrues wlio have braved the fury of battle for country and right; I appreciate the virtues to which war at times has ti'ained nations as well as leaders and armies; yet I con- fess myself utterly wearied and sated with these monuments of victory in every capital of Europe, made of captured cannon, and sculptured over with scenes of carnage. I am sick of that type of history that teaches our youth that tlie Alex- anders and Caesars, the Fredericks and Napoleons, are the great men who have made the world; and it is with a sense of relief and refreshment that I turn to a nation whose birthday commemorates a great moral idea, a principle of ethics THE UNITED STATES FULFILLS PROPHECY 153 applied to political society — that government represents the whole people, for the equal good of all. No tide of battle marks this day; but itself marks the high-water line of heaving, surging humanity." — United States as a Nation, pp. xiii, xiiK Hon. Wrn. M. Evarts quotes with approval a sayinj^ of Burke, respecting our Revolution, as follows : — "A great revolution has happened — a revolution made, not by chopping and changing of power in any of the existing States, but by the appearance of a new State, of a new species in a new part of the globe. It has made as great a change in all the relations and balances and gravitations of power as the appear- ance of a new planet would in the system of the solar world." The word whicn John uses to descrifje the manner in which this beast comes up is very expressive. It is um/^atvov {anabainoii), one of the prominent definitions of which is, ' ' To grow, or spring up, as a plant." And it is a remarkable fact that this very figure has been chosen by political writers as the one conveying the best idea of the manner in which this government has arisen. Mr. G. A. Townsend, in his work entitled, " The New World Compared with the Old, " p. 462, says : — " Since America was discovered, she has been a subject of revolutionary thought in Europe. The mystery of her coming forth from vacancy, the marvel of her wealth in gold and silver, the spectacle of her captives led through European capitals, filled the minds of men with unrest; and unrest is the first stage of revolution." On page 635 he further says : — "In this web of islands — the West Indies —began the life of both [North and South] Americas. There Columbus saw land, there Spain began her baneful and brilliant Western empire; thence Cortez departed for Mexico, De Soto for the Mississippi, Balboa for the Pacific, and Pizarro for Peru. The history of the United States was separated by a beneficent Providence far from this wild and cruel history of the rest of the continent, and like a silent seed we grew into empire [italics ours]; while empire itself, beginning in the South, was swept by so interminable a hurricane that what of its history we can ascertain is read by the very lightnings that devastated it. The growth of English America may be likened to a series of lyrics sung by separate singers, which, coalescing, at last make a vigorous chorus; and this, attracting many from afar, swells and is pro- longed, until presently it assumes the dignity and proportions of epic song." II 154 THE MARVEL OE NATIONS A writer in the Dublin Nation spoke of the United States as a wonderful empire which was '■^emerging,'" and "■ amid tJic silence of the earth daily adding to its power and pride." In Martyn's "History of the Great Reformation," Vol. IV, p. 238, is an extract from an oration delivered by Edward Everett on the English exiles who founded this government, in which he says: — "Did they look for a retired spot, inoffensive from its obscurity, safe in its remoteness from the haunts of despots, where the little church of Leyden might enjoy freedom of conscience ? Behold the mighty regions over which in peaceful conquest — victoria sine clade — they have borne the banners of the Cl'OSS." We now ask the reader to look at these expressions side by side, — "coming up out of the earth," "coming forth from vacancy," "emerging amid the silence of the earth," "like a silent seed we grew into empire," "mighty regions" secured by "peaceful con- quest." The first is from the prophet, stating what ivould be when the two-horned beast should arise; the others are from political writers, telling what has bee^i in the history of our own government. Can any one fail to see that the last four are exactly synonymous with the first, and that they record a complete accomplishment of the prediction.'' And what is not a little remarkable, those who have thus recorded the fullillment have, without any reference to the prophecy, used the -oery figure which the prophet employed. These men, therefore, being judges, — men of large and cultivated minds, whose powers of discernment all will acknowledge to be sulificiently clear, — it is certain that the particular manner in which the United States has arisen, so far as concerns its relation to other nations, answers most strikingly to the development of the symbol under consideration. We now extend the inquiry a step further : Has the United States "come up" in a manner to fulfill the prophecy in respect to the achievements this government has accomplished .'' Has the progress made been sufficiently great and sufficiently rapid to corre- spond to the visible and perceptible growth which John saw in the two-horned beast .'* In view of what has already been presented in Chapter II, this question need not be asked. To show how the development of our THE UNITED STATES FULFILLS PROPHECY 157 country answers to the "coming up" of the symbol, would be but to repeat the evidence there given. IV/ie/i was the wonderful national development indicated by the two-horned beast to appear ? — In the very era of the world's history where our own government has appeared. Where was it to be witnessed ? — In that territory which our own government occupies. We call the attention of the reader again to the wonderful facts stated in Chapter II. Their sig- nificance is greatly enhanced by the representations of that portion of the prophecy we are now considering. Read again the statement from Macmillan & Co., on pp. 33, 34, showing that during the half century ending in 1867 the United States added to its domain over fourteen hundred thousand square miles of territory more than any other single nation added to its area, and over eight hundred thousand more than was added to their respective kingdoms in the aggregate by all the other nations of the earth put together. Its increase in population and all the resources of national strength during the same time were equally noteworthy. And this marvelous exhibition has occurred, be it remembered, at that very epoch when the prophecy of the two- horned beast bids us look for a new government just then arising to prominence and power among the nations of the earth. According to the argument on the chronology of this symbol, we cannot go back of the 19th century for its fulfillment; and we submit to the candid reader that to apply this to any other government in the world but our own during this time, would be contrary to fact, and utterly illogical. It follows, then, that our own government is the Cultk Or. a Wc^li'-n R 158 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS one in question; for this is the one which, at the ri,^ht time, and in the rii^lit place, lias been emphatically "coming up." The only objection we can anticipate is that this nation has proi^n-essed too fast and too far, — that the government has already outgrown the symbol. But what shall be thought of those who deny that it has any place in prophecy at all .^ No; this prodigy has its place on the prophetic page; and the path which has thus far led us to the conclusion that the two-horned beast is the prophetic symbol of the United States, is hedged in on either side by walls of adamant that reach to heaven. To make any other application is an utter impossibility. The thought would be folly, and the attempt, abortion. CHAPTER IX THE TWO GREAT PRINCIPLES OF THIS GOVERNMENT AVING j^ivcii (l;it;i. ])y wliif;li t(^ (letcnriiiKj ilm location, clironolo;,'y, and rapid rise of this power, |ohu lunv proceeds to describe tiie ajj]^earaiice of the tvvo- lioriied beast, and to sj^erik of his acts in such ;i, maniier as clearly 1o indicaU- his cfiaract(jr, b(;th apparent and real. I^^very si)ecifica- ti(jn thus far examined h;is con lined the application imperatively to the United States, and we shall hnd this one no h.-ss stron;^' in th(^ same direction. This symbol has "two horns like a land;." To those who liave studied the prophecies of Daniel and John, liorns upon a beast are no unfamiliar feature. The ram (Dan. 8 : 3j had two horn.s. The he- goat that came up against him had at first one notable horn between his eyes. Verse 5. This was broken, and four came up in its place toward the four winds of heaven. Verse 8. From one of these came forth another hfjrn, which waxed exceeding great. Verse 9. Tfie fourth beast of Daniel 7 had ten horns. Among these, a little horn, with eyes and mouth, far-seeing, crafty, and blasphemous, arose. Dan. 7 -.8. The dragon and the leopard beast of Revelation 12 and 13, denoting the same as the fourth beast of Daniel 7 in its two 159 A Landmark in Massachusetts i6o THE MARVEL OF NATIONS df'^^^Mh phases, have each the same nnmbor of horns, sij^nifyinj;- the same thinj;'. And the symbol nnil(>r (■x)nsi(l(M-ation has two horns hke a lamb. From the use ol" the horns on [ho other symbols, some facts are apparent which may guide us to an understanding of their use on this last one. A iiorn is ust>d in the Scrijitures as a symbol of strength and l)ower, as in Dent. 33 : 17, and of glory and honor, as in Job 16: 15. A horn is sometimes used to denote a nation as a whole, as the four horns of the goat, the little horn of Daniel 8, and the ten horns of the fourth beast of Daniel 7; and sometimes some par- ticular feature of the govern- ment, as the first horn of the goat, which denoted not the nation as a whole, but the civil jiower, as centered in the first king, Alexander the Great. Horns do not alwa}'s ilenote division, as in the case of the four horns of the goat, etc. ; for the two horns of the ram denoted the union of Media and Persia in one government. Dan. 8 : 20. A horn is not used exclusively to represent civil power; for the little horn of Daniel's fourth beast, the papacy, was a horn ^^•hen it plucked up three other horns, and established itself in 538. But it was then purely an ecclesiastical power, and so remained for two hundred and seventeen years from that time, when Pepin, in the year 755, made the Roman pontiff a grant of some rich provinces in Italy, which hrst constituted him a temporal monarch. (Goodrich's " History of the Church," p. 98; Bovver's "History of the Popes," Vol. II, p. 108.) With these facts before us, we are prepared to inquire into the significance of the tw^o horns which pertain to this beast. Why does John say that it had "two horns like a lamb"? Why not simply "two horns".'' It must be because these horns possess 1 Head of Ram in Diiiiiel s Vision THE TWO GREAT PRINCIPLES i6i peculiarities which indicate the character of the power to which they belong^. The horns of a lamb indicate, first, youthfulness, and secondly, innocence and gentleness. As a power which has but recently arisen, the United States answers to the symbol admirably in respect to age; while no other power, as has already abundantly been proved, can be found to do this. And considered as an index of power and character, it can be decided what constitutes the two horns of the government, if it can be ascertained what is the secret of its strength and power, and what reveals its apparent character, or constitutes its outward profession. The Hon. J. A. Bingham gives us the clue to the whole matter when he states that the object of those who first sought these shores was to found "what the world had not seen for ages; viz., a churcJi without a pope, and a state ivitJioiit a king.''' Expressed in other words, this would be a govern- ment in which the Ciiurch should be free from the civil power, and civil and religious liberty reign supreme. And what is the profession of this government in these respects.' As already noticed, that great instrument which our forefathers set forth as their bill of rights — the Declaration of Independence ■ affirms that all men are created on a plane of perfect equality; that their Creator has endowed them all alike with certain rights which cannot be alienated from them; that among these are life, of which no man can rightfully deprive another, and liberty, to which every one is alike entitled, and the pursuit of happiness, in any way and every way which does not infringe upon the rights of others. So much for the department of civil liberty. In the domain of spiritual things the position of this government is no less explicit and no less broad and liberal. In the Old World, what multitudes have been deprived of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," on account of a peculiarity of belief in religious matters ! What woes have been inflicted upon humanity by the efforts of spiritual tyrants to fetter men's consciences ! What a grand safeguard is erected against these evils in the noble provisions of our Constitution, that no person shall be prohibited from freely exercising his religion (on the implied condition, of course, that no other person's rights are infringed upon); that Congress shall make no law in regard to any religious establishment; and that no religious profession shall qualify 1 62 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS a person for, and no lack of it debar one from, any office of public trust under the United States. Thus the right of worshiping God according to the dictates of his own conscience is guaranteed to every man. In the chapter on the political and religious influence of this nation (Chapter III), these points are brought out more fully; and to the matter of that chapter the reader is referred. Here, then, are two great principles standing prominently before the people, — Rcpiiblicanisvi and Protestantism. And what can be more just, more innocent, more lamb-like than these .'' And here, also, is the secret of our strength and power. Had some Caligula or Nero ruled this land, we should look in vain for what we behold to-day. Immigration would not have flowed to our shores, and this country would never have presented to the world so unparalleled an example of national growth. One of those two lamb-like horns may therefore represent the great principle of civil liberty in this government; and the other, the equally great principle of religious liberty, which men so highly prize, and have so earnestly sought. As Mr. Foss says in his sermon before quoted, "The tivo evangels of rzV// and religions liberty are ours." How better could these two great principles be symbolized than by the horns of a lamb .'' This application is warranted by the facts already set forth respecting the horns of the other powers. For (i) the two horns may belong to one beast, and denote union instead of division, as in the case of the ram (Daniel 8); (2) a horn may denote a purely ecclesiastical element, as the little horn of Daniel's fourth beast; and (3) a horn may denote the civil power alone, as in the case of the first horn of the Grecian goat. On the basis of these facts we have these two elements, Republicanism and Protestantism, here united in one government, and represented by two horns like the horns of a lamb. And these are nozvJicre else to be found ; nor have they appeared, since the time when we could consistently look for the rise of the two-horned beast, in any nation upon the face of the earth except our own. And with these horns there is no objection to be found. They are like those of a lamb, the Bible symbol of purity and innocence. The principles are all right. The outward appearance is unqualifiedly THE TWO GREAT PRINCIPLES 163 good. But, alas, for our country ! its acts are to give the lie to its profession. The lamb-like features are first developed. The out- ward appearance and the outward profession are at first good. There is nothing to excite suspicion or create apprehension. But this innocent-looking animal afterward speaks; and then a striking phenomenon occurs; for the voice is that of a dragon, denoting tyranny and oppression. This dragon voice is even now beginning to be heard, and is hereafter to be more fully heard, in our own land. Read and see. HHr ~* . a,*, ^^ ' ^HIH in 1 A Pioneer' CHAPTER X THREATENING SHADOWS FROM the facts thus far ehcited in this argument, we have seen that the government symbohzed by the two-horned beast must conform to the following specifications : — 1. It must be some government distinct from the powers of the Old World, whether civil or ecclesiastical. 2. It must arise this side the Atlantic. 3. It must be seen coming into inliuence and notoriety about the year 1798. 4. It must rise in a peaceful manner. 5. Its progress must be so rapid as to strike the beholder with as much wonder as the perceptible growth of an animal before his eyes. 6. It must be a republic. 7. It must exhibit before the world, as an index of its character and the motives by which it is governed, two great principles, in themselves perfectly just, innocent, and lamb-like. 8. It must perform its work in the present century. And we have seen that of these eight specifications two things can be truthfully said : First, that they are ^/Z perfectly met in the history of the United States thus far; and secondly, that they are // created being", but the one who created all things. The maker of the earth and sea, the sun and moon, and all the starry host, the upholder and governor of the universe, is the one who claims, and who, from his position, has a right to claim, our supreme regard in preference to every other object. The commandment which makes known these facts is, therefore, the very one we might suppose that power which designed to exalt itself above God (2 Thess. 2 : 3, 4) would undertake to change. God gave the Sab- bath as a memorial of himself, a weekly reminder to the sons of men of his work in creating the heavens and the earth, a great barrier against atheism and idolatry. It is the signature and seal of the law. This the papacy has torn from its place, and erected in its stead, on its own authority, another institution, designed to serve another purpose. This change of the fourth commandment must therefore be the change to which the prophecy points, and Sunday-keeping^ must be the "mark of the beast"! Some who have long been taught to regard this institution with reverence will perhaps start back with little less than feelings of horror at this conclusion. We have not space, nor is this perhaps the place, to enter into an extended argu- ment on the Sabbath question, and an exposition of the origin and nature of the observance of the first day of the week. Let us submit this one proposition: If the seventh day is still the Sabbath enjoined in the fourth commandment; if the observance of the first day of the week has no foundation whatever in the Scriptures; if this observance has been brought in as a Christian institution, and design- edly put in the place of the Sabbath of the decalogue by that power which is symbolized by "the beast," and placed there as a badge and token of its power to legislate for the Church, — suppose for a mo- ment that all this is actually so, — is it not inevitably the mark of the beast 1 The answer must be in the affirmative. But all these hypotheses can easily be shown to be certainties.^ It will be said again, Then all Sunday-keepers have the mark of the beast; then all the good of past ages who kept this day, had the 1 See " History of the Sabbath," and other works issued by the publishers of this book. we can only refer the reader, in passing, THE SUNDAY QUESTION 209 mark of the beast; then Luther, Whiteheld, the Wesleys, and all who have done a ^ood and noble work of reformation, had the mark of the beast; then all the blessings that have been poured upon the reformed churches have been poured upon those who had the mark of the beast. We answer, No! And we are sorry to see that some professedly religious teachers, though many times corrected, persist in misrepresenting us on this point. \Wc have never so held; we have never so taught. Our premises lead to no such conclusions. Give ear : The mark and w^orship of the beast are enforced by the two-horned beast. The receiving of the mark of the beast is a specilic act which the two-horned beast is to cause to be done. The third message of Revelation 14 is a warning mercifully sent out in advance to prepare the people for the coming danger. There can, therefore, be no worship of the beast, nor reception of his mark, such as is contemplated in the prophecy, //// // is cirforccd by the tiuo-honicd beast. We have seen that intention was essential to the change which the papacy has made in the law of God, to consti- tute it the mark of that power. So intention is necessary in the adoption of that change to make it, on the part of any individual, the reception of that mark. In other words, a person must adopt the change knowing it to be the mark of the beast, and receive it on the authority of that power, in opposition to the reciuirement of God. But how was it with those referred to above, who have kept Sun- day in the past, and the majority of those who are keeping it to-day } Do they keep it as an institution of the papacy .'' — No. Have they decided between this and the Sabbath of our Lord, understanding the claims of each } — No. On what ground have they kept it, and do they still keep it .'' — They suppose they are keeping a command- ment of God. Have such the mark of the beast .' — By no means. Their course is attributable to an error unwittingly received from the church of Rome, not to an act of worship rendered to it. But how is it to be in the future .' — The Church which is to be prepared for the second coming of Christ must be entirely free from papal errors and corruptions. A reform must therefore be made on the Sabbath question. The third angel (Rev. 14:9-12) proclaim^ the commandments of God, leading men to the true in place of the cotmterfeit. The dragon is stirred, and so controls the wicked gov-; 210 THl-: MARVEL OF NATIONS ermiiL'iits of the cartli that all the autliority of human power shall l^e exerted to enforce the claims of the man of sin. Then the issue is fairly before the people. On the one hand, they are required to keep the true Sabbath; on the other, a counterfeit. For refusinf^ to keep the true, the message denounces the uinningled wrath of God; for clinging to the true and rejecting the false, earthly governments threaten them with persecution and death. With this issue before the i)eople, what does he do who yields to the human re(iuircment .'' — He virtually says to God, I know your claims, but I will not heed them. I know that the power I am required to worship is anti- Christian, but I yield to it to save my life. I renounce your alle- giance, and bow to the usur})er. The beast is henceforth the object of my adoration; under his banner, in o{)position to your authority, I henceforth array myself; to him, in defiance of your claims, I hence- forth yield the obedience of my heart and life. In comparison with the fear of his punishments, I despise and brave your wrath. Such is the spirit which will actuate the hearts of the beast- worshipers, — a spirit which insults the God t)f the universe to His face, and is i^reventcMl only by lack of power from overthrowing His government and annihilating His throne. Is it any wonder that Jehovah denounces against so Heaven-daring a course the threaten- ing brought to view in the scripture last referred to- the most terrible threatening expressed in His word against any class of living men before probation closes .-' Rev. 14 :9-i2. CHAPTER XIV '^COMING EVENTS CAST THEIR SHADOWS BEFORE'' E have now found what, according- to the prophecy, will constitute the image which the two-horned beast is to cause Avapahoe Mountains to be made, and the mark which it will attempt to enforce. The movement which is to fulfill this portion of the prophecy is to be looked for among those classes which constitute the professedly religious portion of the people. First, some degree of union must be effected between the various Protestant churches, with some degree of coalition, also, between these bodies and the papal power, or Roman Catholicism; and secondly, steps must be taken to bring the law of the land to the support of the Sunday Sabbath. These movements the prophecy calls for; and the line of argument leading to these conclusions is so direct and well defined that there is no avoiding them. They are a clear and logical sequence from the premises given us. When this is accomplished, it will not rest on theory, but be a plain, tangible movement which all can understand. When the application of Rev. 13: ii 17 to the United States 212 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS was first made, more than fifty years ago, these positions respecting a union of the churches and a grand Sunday movement were taken. But at that time no sign appeared above or beneath, at home or abroad, no token was seen, no indication existed, that such an issue would ever be made. But there was the prophecy, and that must stand. The United States government had given abundant evidence, by its location, the time of its rise, the manner of its rise, and its apparent character, that it was the power symbolized by the two- horned beast. There could be no mistake in the conclusion that it was the very nation intended by that symbol. This being so, it must take the course and perform the acts foretold. But here were predictions which could be fulfilled by nothing else than the above- named religious movements, resulting in a virtual union of Church and State, and the enforcement of the papal Sabbath as a mark of the beast. To take the position at that time that this government was to pursue such a policy and engage in such a work, without any apparent probability in its favor, was no small act of faith. On the other hand, to deny or ignore it, while admitting the application of the symbol to this government, would not be in accordance with either Scripture or logic. The only course for the humble, confiding student of prophecy to pursue in such cases, is to take the light as it is given, and believe the prophecy in all its parts. So the stand was boldly taken; and open proclamation has been made from that day to this, that such a work would be seen in the United States. With every review of the argument, new features of strength have been discovered in the application; and amid a storm of scornful incre- dulity, we have watched the progress of events, and awaited the hour of fulfillment. Meanwhile, Spiritualism has astonished the world with its ter- rible progress, and has shown itself to be the wonder-working- element which was to exist in connection with this power. This has mightily strengthened the evidence of the application. And now, within a few years past, what have we further seen ? — No less than the commencement of that very movement respecting the formation of the image and the enactment of Sunday laws, which we have ex- pected, and which is to complete the prophecy, and close the scene. COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEEORE 213 Reference was made in Chapter XI to the movement now on foot for a grand union of all the churches; not a union which rises from the putting away of error and uniting upon the harmonious principles of truth, but simply a combination of sects, each retaining its own particular creed, but confederated for the purpose of carrying out more extensively the common points of their faith. This movement finds a strong undercurrent of favor in all the churches; and men are engaged to carry it through who are not easily turned from their purpose. And there has suddenly arisen a class of men whose souls are absorbed with the cognate idea of Sunday reform, and who have dedicated every energy of their being to the carrying forward of this kindred movement. The New York Sabbath Committee have labored zealously, by means of books, tracts, speeches, and sermons, to create a strong public sentiment in behalf of Sunday. Making slow progress through moral suasion, they seek a shorter path to the accomplishment of their purposes through political power. And from their point of view, why should they not .'' Christianity has become popular, and her professed adherents are numerous. Why not avail themselves of the power of the ballot to secure their ends ? That is the way they reason. As Christians, they cannot consistently do so; for Christ repeatedly avows that his kingdom is not of this world. Rev. J. S. Smart (Methodist), in a published sermon on the "Political Duties of Christian Men and Ministers," expresses a largely prevailing sentiment on this question, when he says : — " I claim that we have, and ought to have, just as much concern in the government of this country as any other men. . . . We are the mass of the people. Virtue in this country is not weak; her ranks are strong in numbers, and invincible from the righteousness of her cause — invincible if united. Let not her ranks be broken by party names." We quote these sentiments simply to show the direction public sentiment is taking. It means a great deal. A national association has been in existence for a number of years, which has for its object the securing of such amendments to the national Constitution as shall express the religious views of the majority of church people, and make it an instrument under which the keeping of Sunday can be enforced as the Christian Sabbath. 214 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS This association already embraces within its organization a long array of eminent and honorable names, — governors of States, presi- dents of colleges, bishops, doctors of divinity, doctors of law, and men who occupy high positions in all the walks of life. In the address issued by the officers of this association, they say: — " Men of high standing in every walk of life, of every section of the country, and of every shade of pohtical sentiment and rehgious behef, have concurred in the measure." In their appeal, they most earnestly request every lover of his country to join in forming auxiliary associations, to circulate docu- ments, attend conventions, sign memorials to Congress, etc., etc. In their plea for an amended Constitution, they ask the people to — "Consider that God is not once named in our national Constitution. There is nothing in it which requires an 'oath of God,' as the Bible styles it (which, after all, is the great bond both of loyalty in the citizen and of fidelity in the magistrate), — nothing which requires the observance of the day of rest and worship, or which respects its sanctity. If we do not have the mails carried and the post-offices open on Sunday, it is because we have a Postmaster-General who respects the day. If our Supreme Courts are not held, and if Congress does not sit that day, it is custom, and not law, that makes it so. Nothing in the Consti- tution gives Sunday quiet to the custom-house, the navy-yard, the barracks, or any of the departments of government. "Consider that they fairly express the mind of the great body of the American people. This is a Christian people. These amendments agree with the faith, the feelings, and the forms of every Christian church or sect. The Catholic and the Protestant, the Unitarian and the Trinitarian, profess and approve all that is here proposed. Why should their wishes not become law ? Why should not the Constitution be made to suit and to represent a constituency so overwhelmingly in the majority ? . . . "This great majority are becoming daily more conscious not only of their rights, but of their power. Their number grows, and their column becomes more solid. They have quietly, steadily, opposed infidelity, until it has at least become politically unpopular. They have asserted the rights of man and the rights of the government, until the nation's faith has become measurably fixed and declared on these points. And now that circumstances give us occasion to amend our Constitution, that it may clearly and fully represent the mind of the people on these points, they feel that it should also be so amended as to recognize the rights of God in man and in government. Is it anything but due to their long patience that they be at length allowed to speak out the great facts and principles which give to all government its dignity, stability, and beneficence ? " COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 215 And this law that is so earnestly called for, will be religious tyranny, pure and simple. Thus for more than a score of years a movement has been on foot, daily growing in extent, importance, and power, to fulfill that por- tion of the prophecy of Rev. 13 : 1 1-17 which first calls forth the dis- sent of the objector, and which appears from every point of view the most improbable of all the specifications; namely, the making of an image to the beast and the enforcing of the mark. Beyond this, nothing remains but the sharp conflict of the people of God with this earthly power, and the eternal triumph of the overcomer. An association, even now national in its character, as already noticed, and endeavoring, as is appropriate for those who have such objects in view, to secure their purposes under the sanction of the highest authority of the land, the national Constitution, already has this matter in hand. In the interest of this association there is published, in Pittsburg, a weekly paper called formerly The Chris- tian Statesman^ now, Chjirch and State, in advocacy of this move- ment. Every issue of that paper goes forth filled with arguments and appeals from able pens in favor of the desired Constitutional amendment. These are the very methods by which, in a country like ours, great revolutions are accomplished; and no movement has ever arisen, in so short a space of time as this, to so high a position in public esteem with certain classes, and taken so strong a hold upon their hearts. Mr. G. A. Townsend (" New World and Old," p. 212) says: — " Church and State has several times crept into American politics, as in the contentions over the Bible in the public schools, the anti-Catholic party of 1854, etc. Our people have been wise enough heretofore to respect the clergy in all religious questions, and to entertain a wholesome jealousy of them in politics. The \2X&?X politico-theological jnoi'cment [italics ours] is to insert the name of the Deity in the Constitution." The present movements of this National Reform Association, and the progress it has made, may be gathered somewhat from the following sketch of its history, and the reports of the proceedings of some of the conventions which have thus far been held. From the Pittsburg (Pa.) Coniniereial of Feb. 6, 1874, the followinp" is taken: — 2l6 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS " The present movement to secure the religious amendment of the Constitu- tion originated at Xenia, Ohio, in February, 1863, in a convention composed of eleven different religious denominations, who assembled for prayer and con- ference, not in regard to the amendment of the Constitution, but the state of religion. Meetings (small in numbers) were held shortly after in Pittsburg and elsewhere. At first the association was called a ' Religious Council;' now it is known as the ' National Association to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States,' and is becoming more popular, and increasing largely in numbers. "The first national convention of the association was held in the First United Presbyterian church, Allegheny, Pa., Jan. 27, 1864, at which a large delegation was appointed to present the matter to the consideration of Hon. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States. An adjourned meeting was held in the Eighth Street Methodist Episcopal church, Philadelphia, on the 7th and 8th of July of the same year, and another in the same city, in the West Arch Street Presbyterian church, Nov. 29, 1864. " Conventions were held in New York in 1868; in Columbus, Ohio, February, i86g; and in Monmouth, 111., April, 1871. " National conventions were held in Pittsburg, 1870; Philadelphia, 1871; Cincinnati, 1872; and New York, 1873. The national convention which meets this afternoon [Feb. 4, 1874] in Library Hall [in Pittsburg, Pa.] is, we believe, the fifth in order." From the report of the executive committee at the Cincinnati convention, Jan. 31, 1872, it appeared that ten thousand copies of the proceedings of the Philadelphia convention had been gratuitously Gate of the Garden of the Cods COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 217 distributed, and a general secretary had been appointed. Nearly $1,800 was raised at this convention. The business committee recommended that the delegates to this convention hold meetings in their respective localities to ratify the resolutions adopted at Cincinnati, and that the friends of the associa- tion be urged to form auxiliary associations. These recommenda- tions were adopted. Among the resolutions passed were the following: — '■^Resolved, That it is the right and duty of the United States, as a nation settled by Christians, — a nation with Christian laws and usages, and with Christianity as its greatest social force, — to acknowledge itself in its written Constitution to be a Christian nation. 1 They seem to be conscious that well-grounded fears will be excited in the minds of the people, that this movement, if successful, would be a gross infringement of the principle on which this government is founded, which is to keep forever separate the Church and the State; and so they endeavor to blind the people to this danger, and allay these fears in the following adroit manner: — "• Resohu'd, That the proposed religious amendment, so far from tending to a union of Church and State, is directly opposed to such union, inasmuch as it recognizes the nation's own relations to God, and insists that the nation should acknowledge those relations for itself, and not through the medium of any church establishment." Of the fifth annual convention at Pittsburg, Feb. 4, ile\ion of their action. In other wortls, their reasoning is \ irtiially this: Because a tiger caged can do no harm, therefore we need not fear to take such action as will uncage him, and let him loose upon the connnunity; and it is our duty so to do. Is such reasoning fair and luMu-st .'' Is it not rathi-r the wickedest kintl of so[)histry ? Their only chance of success in such reasoning- is that people preoccupied with other things will not stop to consider the movement sufticiently to see its true intent. Another argument used In' the ad\ocates of the amendment against our go^■ernment as now constituted, must be abhorrent to every unvitiated American patriot. It is that the doctrine that governments deri\i> their just powers from the consent of the gcn- erned, is a false principle. At the Cleveland (O.) convention of the National Reform Association, one of the sj^eakers attacked the state- ment as found in our Declaration of Independence, and which lies at the ^■erv foundation of our national j^olity, that governments "derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, " and with a bitterness which was truly surprising, denounced it as "the old Phila- delphia lie." In defense of his position, he rung the ehanges on such questions as these: How could a past generation " consent " for the present .'' And how many of those now living under this government have actually "consented " io it 1 How do minors " consent" to it .-' And what criminal \\\)uld "consent " to the government.'' Suidi sophistiN' is well answereil b\' |os. V. Tliomi")SiMi, D. I)., : , ^m g4l||^,,,;.i^,,,, ^ ' 'W,. ■■■ ''•':"':';;^%;.-/^ ^^^^^^I^^^^H ,.;^ •-^-^3|ftli|.^^^^^ III •^ ^ftr"'.y-i-''^' ' ' ' ^''^^^1^' Hk ^^H '' :■. •'^«liS'^'''*iI&t' .^^^J^':..^M 1 . i m '''"''^^^IBiil i^^B ■4 jL.: '■ ,11 -—^^IP" :|| ' - ^^S^^X K; _i ^^^H ^^H ■ rw ^eX^"'*" *' % ■g|g #^ ■■ COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 261 LL. D., in a lecture on the "Doctrine of the Declaration of Inde- pendence," in which he says: — - " ' Where,' asks Mr. Jefferson, ' shall we find the origin of just powers, if not in the majority of society ? Will it be in the minority ? or in an individual of that minority ? ' This is the key to the statement of the Declaration, that governments 'derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.' He was not thinking of a poll of equal rights, that each individual as an ' inalienable ' voter might ' consent ' to be governed thus or so, but of the community, the political society, in some method of its own, framing, commissioning, or con- senting to the government under which it should live ; and in this view of its meaning, this statement of the Declaration, like those that precede it, is also true, and of deep and far-reaching significance for governments and for mankind." He then draws from the history of both England and France, facts in confirmation of this view, and adds: — "The attachment of a people to their government may be variable; their sentiment toward officers and policy may change with men and measures ; their loyalty may be that of enthusiastic devotion, of calm acquiescence, or of patient endurance ; but there inheres in every body politic a latent right of revolution ; and, so long as the people do not revive this right, the government de facto is presumed to hold its powers with 'the consent of the governed.'" — The United States as a Nation, pp. 82-84. The idea expressed by the Cleveland speaker was that all govern- ment being derived from God, its requirements were to be made known by properly constituted agents, and all that the governed had to do was quietly to submit; their " consent " was not to be taken into the account at all. Had tliis man been arguing, under some benighted tyranny, for the "divine right of kings," instead of stand- ing amid the manifold blessings and privileges secured by this Republic, and denouncing the principles of its Constitution, after more than one hundred years of such uniform and unbounded pros- perity as no other nation of the earth had ever enjoyed, his state- ments would not have seemed quite so astounding. It may still be asked, Has not the State the right to make a law that one day in the week shall be kept as a day of rest.? and would it not be the duty of all citizens to obey such a law, when made .? Anszvcr : The State has a right to legislate in reference to all the relations that exist between man and man, to protect and secure the 262 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS just rights of each. It has a right, therefore, to legislate in regard to such crimes against society as Mormon polygamy, though practiced under the name of religion, against intemperance, and against some forms of worship which pagans, under the sanction of their religion, might introduce upon our shores. But in matters purely religious, matters of conscience between man and his Maker, which in no wise encroach upon the rights of others, the State has no riglit to interfere. But in the matter of the Sabbath, God himself has already promulgated a law; and certainly the State has no right to interfere with that. There is one remarkable fact to be noticed in all this agitation; namely, however much a day of rest may be urged as a " civil insti- tution," a "police regulation, " etc., as if it were not a religious matter, the day selected for the rest-day is always Sunday. Why is this .'* Will any one be willing to confess himself so obtuse as not to know that it is because the majority regard Sunday, in a religious sense, as the Sabbath .'' And this at once discriminates against those who observe the seventh day, inasmuch as, being obliged to keep another day also, they are deprived of one sixth of their time, and, if laboring men, of one sixth of their means of support, on account solely of the religious prejudices of other people. This strikes at the very root of religious liberty. If any deny this, and insist that the object is to be absolutely impartial and fair, the matter can be tested by the following propo- sition: Let some day be selected as the State rest-day, which neither party regards as the Sabbath by divine appointment. Take for instance Tuesday. Now we, having kept the seventh day, could keep Tuesday on the same ground that the Sunday-keeper, having observed the first day, could keep Tuesday also. Here would be equality, one class not being discriminated against more than another. But how many Sunday-keepers would agree to this t They would say. Having kept Sunday, what is the use of our keeping Tuesday .'' Exactly. And so we say, After having kept the seventh day, what is the use of our keeping the first day .'' If any are still disposed to query why we should object to a general Sunday law, we reply further that the matter of Sabbath- keeping is a matter between the individual conscience and God alone. COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 263 It is a religious service, and with it as such the State has nothing to do. It matters not whether the Sabbath in question is the true Sab- bath or a false one. Civil law should not meddle with either. We would oppose human legislation for the one as soon as for the other; legislation in favor of the seventh day, as soon as legislation for the first day. But, it may be asked, is it not right to enact laws for the good of society ? and would it not be for the good of society to have all observe a Sabbath.'' This looks very specious at first sight; but an important distinction should be kept in mind : God has some ordinances for the good of society, the control of which he reserves to himself, and which, so long as they are left in that control, and legitimately used, are for the good of society, but which, if man, with his lack of spiritual discernment and his bondage to prejudice and passion, attempts to intermeddle with, tend to the injury and not the good of society. For instance: God commands all men to repent, believe, and be baptized; in other words to become earnest and sincere Christians, unite with the Church, and practice all its ordi- nances; and it would be for the good of society if all, under the operation of the Spirit of God, would do this. But let men under- take to enforce this by law, and what would be the result.' — The church would be turned into a whited sepulcher, another religious tyranny to curse the world. So if all men would obey God in the matter of Sabbath-keeping from a conscientious con^^iction of duty, it would be for the good of society; but men cannot enforce such service by law for the good of society. But it may be asked, Would you object to the law if an exemp- tion was made in your behalf } — If an exemption should be made, it might be best to avail ourselves of its benefit; but that would not change the nature of the law, which is wrong in principle, nor secure our support of it ; for we ought to have regard to others' rights as well as our own ; and no man should be coiupelled to keep Sunday or any other day, if he does not wish to, w^iether he has kept the sev- enth day or not. In reference to the probable future of the religious amendment movement, W. H. Littlejohn, in the Sabbalh Sentinel of May, 1884, spoke as follows: — 264 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS " Never did a party have a more thrilling war-cry than in tl.e words: ' The names of God and Christ in the Constitution, the reading of the Bible in the connnon schools, and the enforcement of the Sunday laws.' All three of these projects are of such a nature as to commend themselves to Christians ge-ner- ally, unless it can be shown tlot these same projects cannot be realized without imperiling the government and doing great injustice to certain classes of our citizens. " Nor are professed Christians alone in this. Outside the pale of the churches are multitudes of men and women who, though not professedly Chris- tians, are nevertheless very friendly to what they believe to be Christian institu- tions, and who are ready at all times to support them by voice and vote, whenever they can do so without making a public profession of religion. These persons, unless thoroughly aroused to the tendency of the proposed legislation, are certain to enlist under the banners of the new party. "There is also another feature of this subject that is worthy of attention. Aside from Seventh-day Adventists and Seventh-day Baptists, the apathy of those Christians even who are at heart opposed to the purposes of the National Reform party, is so complete that the public are not apprised of their real feel- ings. On the other hand, infidels and atheists are so outspoken in tlirir hostility to that party that the casual observer, unaware of the efforts of the two denomi- nations spoken of above, naturally concludes that the contest is wholly between believers and unbelievers. This fact acts very much to the prejudice of those who are standing manfully for the' right. Indeed, this is so true that it will be apparent to any intelligent observer that the supporters of the amendment move- ment are already gaining no inconsiderable advantage by trying to make it appear that the opponents of their work are found almost wholly among the enemies of God. In a short time they will add to the benefits of a fascinating war cry the advantage that is derived from hopelessly fastening upon an antago- nist an opprobrious epithet. While as a matter of fact Seventh-day Adventists and Seventh-day Baptists are what they are because of their strict adherence to the word of God, and while they are noted for their devotion to the cause of temperance, they will, nevertheless, be classed with the frequenters of beer- gardens, and with such men as the Abbots and the Ingersolls, from whose prin- ciples they utterly dissent. " Unless men of every denomination shall speedily cross over the line of indifference, and unite in an effort to enlighten the public mind in reference to the true nature of the proposed legislation by the general government in matters of religion, it will be forever too late. The drift is altogether in the wrong direction. The churches once practically captured, the end will not be far off. Sabbatarians, though right in regard to the true Sabbath, and deeply in earnest in their endeavors to stem the tide which is sweeping in the direction of uniting Church and State, ai^e too few in numbers to avert that calamity. In the tem- pest of passion which is soon to be raised over this subject, their voices will be lost unless they receive immediate help from their fellow Christians, and the COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 265 battle for religious liberty will be lost. So far as atheists and infidels are con- cerned, they are incapable of holding the field against the systematic attacks of the thoroughly drilled and perfectly organized armies of the orthodox churches. The decision of the question will be simply one of time. The hosts of the Reform party will enter the halls of the capitol, and take into their hands the reins of government. History will repeat itself. Intoxicated with success, and ambitious for the complete realization of their long-cherished plan of placing all Christian laws and usages of the government upon an ' undeniable legal basis,' they will commence to enact laws to secure that end. When this is done, resistance to their plans will no longer be tolerated. Interpreting their success as a token of divine favor, they will never pause in their career until they have added another to the long list of governments in which religious liberty has been sacrificed on the altar of blind fanaticism. " Reader, would you avert such a misfortune as long as possible ? Then strike hands with those who are struggling hard for the same purpose. Have you looked with innocent pride at the grand old ship of State which for more than a hundred years has been the object of universal admiration, and the hope of the regions where religious intolerance and political oppression have acted like a blight and a mildew on the national life ? Then remember that the hands which held the helm of the noble craft thus far have all been lifted to Heaven in attestation of a solemn vow to preserve and carry out a Constitution which provides that ' Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.' Do you think it would be unsafe to allow the majestic old ship to pass under the control of those who would turn her prow away from the course she has hitherto pursued, directing her into unexplored seas, filled with dangerous rocks and tossed by fierce tempests ? If so, throw your personal influence against a political organization that seeks to do the very thing which you so much dread." For a union of Church and State, in the strict mediaeval form and sense, we do not look. In place of this, we apprehend that what is called "the image," a creation as strange as it is unique, comes in, not as a State Church, supported by the government, and the Church in turn controlling the State, but as an ecclesiastical establisJiment empowered by the State to enforce its own decrees by civil penalties; which, in all its practical bearings, will amount to exactly the same thing. Some one may now say. As you expect this movement to carry, you must look for a period of religious persecution in this country. Yes, such a period of persecution we look for, for the reason that we believe the prophecy points it out, and that the principles and 18 266 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS influences already herein mentioned, indicate that movements are plainly and powerfully working to that end; but more than this, we regard what has already taken place as but the preliminary workings of just such a period, as will hereafter appear. Nay, more, it is claimed, you must take the position that all the saints of God are to be put to death; for the image is to cause that all who will not worship it shall be killed. There would, perhaps, be some ground for such a conclusion-, were we not elsewhere informed that in the dire conflict God does not abandon his people to defeat, but grants them a complete victory over the beast, his image, his mark, and the number of his name. Rev. 15:2. We further read respecting this earthly power, that he causeth all to receive a mark in their right hand or in their fore- heads; yet chapter 20 : 4 speaks of the people of God as those who do not receive the mark, nor worship the image. If, then, he could "cause " all to receive the mark, and yet all not actually receive it, in like manner his causing all to be put to death who will not worship the image does not necessarily signify that their lives are actually to be taken. But how can this be.'' Ans7vcr: It evidently comes under that rule of interpretation in accordance with which verbs of action sometimes signify merely ihe'ioill and endeavor to do the action in question, and not the actual performance of the thing specified. The late George Bush, Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature in New York City University, makes this matter plain. In his notes on Ex. 7 : 11, he says : — "It is a canon of interpretation of frequent use in the exposition of the Sacred Writings that verbs of action sometimes signify merely the will and endeavor to do the action in question. Thus in Eze. 24: 13: ' I have purified. thee, and thou wast not purged ;' i. e., I have endeavored, used means, been at pains, to purify thee. John 5 : 44: ' How can ye beheve which receive honor one of another?' z. ^., endeavor to receive. Rom 2:4:' The goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance ; ' i.e., endeavors, or tends, to lead thee. Amos 9:3:' Though they be hid from my sight in the bottom of the sea ; ' i. e., though they aim to be hid. I Cor. 10:33: 'I please all men;'/, e., endeavor to please. Gal. 5:4: ' Whoever of you a-ve justified by the law; ' i. e., seek and endeavor to be justified. Ps. 69 : 4: ' They that destroy me are mighty; ' i. e., that endeavor to destroy me. Eng. , ' That would destroy me.' Acts 7 : 26: ' And set them at one again; ' /. e.^ wished and endeavored. Eng., ' Would have set them.'" THE OLD LIBERTY BELL COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 269 So in the passage before us he causes all to receive a mark, and all who will not worship the image to be killed; that is, he ivills, purposes, and endeavors to do this. He makes such an enactment, passes such a law, but is not able to execute it ; for God interposes in behalf of his people ; and then those who have kept the word of Christ's patience are kept from falling in this hour of temptation, according to Rev. 3:10; then those who have made God their refuge are kept from all evil, and no plague comes nigh their dwelling, according to Ps. 91:9, 10 ; then all who are found written in the book are delivered, according to Dan. 12:1; and being victors over the beast and his image, they are redeemed from among men, and raise a song of triumph before the throne of God, according to Rev. 14:4 ; 15:2. The objector may further say. You are altogether too credulous in supposing that all the skeptics of our land, the Spiritualists, the German infidels, and the irreligious masses generally, can be so far brought to favor the religious observance of Sunday that a general law can be promulgated in its behalf. The answer is, The prophecy must be fulfilled, and if the prophecy requires such a revolution, it will be accomplished. But we do not know that it is necessary that what the objector states shall be brought about. Permit the suggestion of an idea which, though it is only conjecture, may show how enough can be done to fulfill the prophecy without involving the classes mentioned. This movement, as has been shown, must originate with the churches of our land, and be carried forward by them. They wish to enforce certain practices upon all the people; and it would be natural that in reference to those points respecting which they wish to influence the outside masses, they should see the necessity of first having absolute conformity among all the evangelical denominations. Church members could not expect to influence non-religionists to any great degree on questions respecting which they were divided among themselves. So, then, let union be had on those views and practices which the great majority already entertain. To this end, coercion may first be attempted. But here are a few who cannot possibly attach to the observance of the first day, which the majority wish to secure, any religious obligation; and would it be anything strange for 270 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS the sentence to be given, Let these few factionists be made to con- form, by persuasion, if possible, by force, if necessary ? Thus the blow may fall on conscientious commandment-keepers before the outside masses are involved in the issue at all. And should events take this not improbable turn, it would be sufficient to meet the prophecy, and leave no ground for the objection proposed. To receive the mark of the beast in the forehead, is, we under- stand, to give the assent of the mind and judgment to his authority in the adoption of that institution which constitutes the mark. By parity of reasoning, to receive it in the hand would be to signify alle- giance by some outward act, perhaps by signifying a willingness to abstain from labor — the work of their hands — on that day, though not indorsing its religious character. The number, over which the saints are also to get the victory, is the number of the papal beast, called also the number of his name, and the number of a man, and is said to be six hundred threescore and six. Rev. 13 : 18. Where is that number to be found.'* The pope is said to wear upon his pontifical crown in jeweled letters, this title: " Vicarius Filii Dei'' (Vicegerent of the Son of God), the numerical value of which title is just six hundred and sixty-six. Thus V stands for 5; I, i ; C, 100; a and r, not used as numerals; I, I ; U, anciently written as V^ and standing for 5 ; s and f, not used as numerals; I, i ; L, 50; I, i ; I, i ; D, 500; e, not used as a numeral; I, I. Tabulating this, we have the following : — V = 5 I C = 100 I = I U(V) = 5 I = I L = 50 I = I I = I D = 500 I = I 666 1 For proof that the modern " U " anciently had the same form as •' V," see Century Dictionary, under the letter " U ; " also facsimiles of ancient inscriptions, mottoes on coins, etc. COMING EVENTS CAST SHADOWS BEFORE 273 The most plausible supposition we have seen on this question is that in this name we find the number sought for. It is the number of the beast, the papacy; it is the number of his name, for he adopts it as his distinctive title; it is the number of a man, for he who bears it is the "man of sin." We get the victory over it by refusing to regard those institutions and practices which he sets forth as evidence of his power to sit supreme in the temple of God, and by adopting which we should acknowledge the validity of his title, by conceding his right to act for the Church in behalf of the Son of God. And now, dear reader, we leave this subject with you, confidently submitting the argument as one which is invulnerable in all its points. We ask you to review it carefully. Take in, if thought can compre- hend it, the w^onderful phenomenon of our own nation. Consider its location, the time and manner of its rise, its character, the master- piece of lying wonders which Satan has here sprung upon the world, and the elements which are everywhere working to fulfill, in just as accurate a manner, all the remainder of the prophecy in regard to the dragon voice, the erection of the image, and the enforcing of the mark. Can you doubt the application .'' Surely you cannot. If the propositions here maintained are correct, remember that the last agents to appear in this world's history are on the stage of action, the close of this dispensation is at hand, and the Lord cometh speedily to judge the world. But between us and that day stands an issue of appalling magnitude. It is no less than this : To yield, on the one hand, to unrighteous human enactments soon to be made, and thus expose ourselves to the unmingled wrath of an insulted Creator; or, on the other, to remain loyal to God, and brave the utmost wrath of the dragon and his infuriated hosts. In reference to this issue, the third message of Rev. 14:9-12 is now going forth as a solemn and vehement warning. If you have read the foregoing pages, this warn- ing has come to you. In tender solicitude we ask you what you intend to do with it. To aid in sounding over the land this timely note of alarm, to impress upon hearts the importance of a right position in the coming issue, and the necessity of pursuing such a course as will secure the favor of God in the season of earth's direst extremity, and a share at last in his glorious salvation, is the object of this effort. And if with any it shall have this effect, the prayer of the author will not be utterly unanswered, nor his labor be wholly lost. -K*Jf ■ whioh Ihey ilionld deHara th» causi-s which impui th».aj to the Bepifttton.— W# koU Ih... trullu to b« ..ir.e.ideiit. that all Ban ura cr.at.J equal- that thei .r« an Jowx) V,v tl.c.r I'r.ator with .•artain unalianahla nchf; that amnng tha.e ara life libartr an^ THE POIISUIT OF UAPl'lNESS.-TUAT TO SECURE THESE ElUHTS OOVEUNUENV? are instituted amoDK men, deriving their Just powers from the conbent OF THE UOVEENED.-TBAT WHENEVER ANY foBM Of GOVERNMENT BECOMFq PROCLAIM LIBERTY THROOGHOUT ALL THE LAND TO ALL DESTEOCTIVa Or THESE ENDS. IT 13 THE EIGHT Or THE PEOPLE TO ALTEB OB to abolish It, nnd to Institute a new Government, Injing Its foundation on eui h principlea. aod orgBnUing lU powera in auch form, as to them ahall aeem most likely to affect theie EAF£Ty AND UAPP1NES3.-PRUDENCE. INDEED. Vl'ILL DICTATE THAT OOVEEM ments long established, should not be cbnnEed for light and transient CAUSES; A!fD, ACCORDINOLT. ALL EXPERIENCE HaTII SHOWN THAT MANKIND ARB BY OftDER OF THE ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNS UORE DISPOSED TO SUFFER, WHILE EVILS ARE EUFFERABLE. THAN TO EIGHT THEM selves by nbolishing tlie forms to which thiy arc nrrustomed. Hut, when a long train of abiiaea and uioTpotio-ii, nursuing inaarjablj tha auma ohiect. eTincea a deajcn to reduca >ry of tha pra i^tiODS. all haa iritr. Such baa ba< PHILADA! okher lawa for tha submittsd to ■ candid e public good.— He bu lees eu'cendett in their Tly neglected to attend nl;.— He hu c%\ )«d t .-...>,»»< »■.^^..,^>v„v«.,u.ll.Bltp^Dl,o recoras. ror the sole purpose ol tatiguing them i: easuret.— HthMdisflolTed Ueprceon t.itiTe Uouaes repeBtedlv. fot oppoiinc. with manl thenghtiofthepeople. — Heliftsrefo Bed for a long time after tuch diMolutione to « ■thereby the teghli > all the danger of ii >r those £tatei: for t ourage their roigra I. by refusiB D of their ofHcei, nnd th« ire, — He haaaffa cted t of pretended Leg islati llparUuftheworld. Foi military independent of, and Buper 17 6 overt town*, and destroyed the li»( death, dcaoIatiOQ and tyrann totally unworthy the head of a , already began with ri :i'iliEed nation.— He ha era of their fnenria an J bring on the inhabitai ly by ropontfd i lObethorulerofa fteopeople.-Nor ha7e we been w«ntmg in'atten ^7 their legislature to citcnl .n unwnrrantahU %n«d,"t."? c"er u«? flrL . V* '^PP*^**^''' to their native justice and mncna flred, to diMTow these usurpations wbirh wnuld ineTitabW inlerrui^onr ■anffn n t.._\V<. » .. p nona, wnirn wnu a ine»iTBr.iy inierrupt our lADgainitT, _ Mends. — \Va. therftforo' the Ilnnrfl TUDEOFOUaiNTEN-rrONri liV'li*'"'"''^' thfit the^e Initert Col til alle^ianrn to tSe Ilnt„h Prown.an.i -hat nil p. rely paraUfUd in the i W« ha. ['nited States of AmBri DO. IM TME NAME. AND DV THE A •p, nnd of riarht ndt nlmity, nnd we hnve ronjnred them, hy the ties of oiir common kin connections and correspondence.— They. t^o. hnve boen deaf to the TOico of just.co and con ca. in O^nsral Conpresa aMnmbleii.appeelmE to the Supreme Judpe of the World for the recti rTHORITV OF THE GOOD PEOPLtl OF THESE COLONIES. SOLEMNLY PUBLlSn ou^httohe. Free nnd Independent Stnteo; thnt they are Bbsolvcd from [(Wliolude |wac«,coBtr«c1 alliai may of ng Tor the anp pnrtofthisDe claratton, with PORTRAITS OF SIGNERS OF THE DECLARA TION OF INDEPENDENCE The portraits of fifty-four of the fifty-six signers of the Declaration of Independence (a document so often referred to in th.s work) have been preserved. Presuming that the reader would be interested to see them. we herewith present them in the order in which their names were attached to that venerable instrument PORTRAITS OF SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE PORTRAITS OF SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE PORTRAITS OF SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER XV PRACTICAL WORKINGS OW the principles set forth in the foregoing pages operate in actual application has been shown in events that have taken place in Arkansas and Tennessee, since the edition of 1883 of this work went to press, which reveal the practical workings of a Sunday law when- ever and wherever it may be secured. The attention of the people in some places in Arkansas was being called to the importance of observ- ing the seventh day of the week as the Sabbath according to the fourth commandment of the deca- logue, by the advocates of that faith. As converts to that view and practice began to appear, strong opposition was excited on the part of some, as it has been in other places, and as truth has always excited opposition ever since error has endeavored to usurp control over the minds of men. How far the action which followed was owing to this opposition, we do not say. We only state the facts, and leave the reader to draw his own conclusions. In the winter of 1884-85, a bill was introduced into the Legisla- ture of that State to abolish the clause in the existing Sunday law 279 Lincoln Falls, Colo 28o THE MARVEL OF NATIONS which exempted from its operation those who conscientiously observed the seventh day. Up to this time the laws of that State had been very just and liberal in this respect. But now a position was presented that the exemption clause be stricken out, bringing all alike, without regard to their religious faith or practice, under subjec- tion to the enactment to keep the first day of the week as the Sab- bath. The petition claimed to have been called out by the fact that certain Jews in Little Rock, regarding the seventh day as the Sab- bath, kept open stores and transacted their usual business on the first day of the week. Considering the fact that their places of business were open also on the seventh day, this brought them into unfair competition with the other merchants of the place. There was certainly no necessity for a change of the law to meet this difficulty; for the law exempted those only who conscientiously observed the seventh day; and these Jews, by keeping open places of business on the seventh day, showed that there was no such conscientious observance on their part, and consequently that they could not justly claim the exemption of the law. But ostensibly on this ground the petition was urged, and the repeal of the exempting clause secured. What was the result ? We have not learned that the aforesaid Jews in Little Rock, or any other part of the State, were molested; that railroads, hotel-keepers, livery men, or those engaged in any like vocations, were in anywise restrained. But those persons above referred to, who, from a Christian point of view, had commenced to observe the seventh day in preference to the first who were not engaged in such business as brought them into competition with others; who, having conscientiously observed the seventh day, pro- posed to go quietly, soberly, and industriously about their lawful business on the first day of the week, — these soon found that they were not overlooked. Warrants were promptly issued for the arrest of some five or six of these, one of them, J. W. Scoles, a minister, whose offense was that he was engaged one Sunday in the boisterous work of painting a meeting-house erected by his people ! The trial of these persons came off at Fayetteville, Ark., the first week in November, 1885. In making up the indictment, an observer of the seventh day was called in to testify against his brethren. The following examination substantially took place : — PRACTICAL WORKINGS 28 [ "Do you know any one about here who is violating the Sun- day law ? " "Yes." "Who?" "The Frisco railroad is running several trains each way on that day." " Do you know of any others .-* " "Yes." "Who.^" " The hotels of this place are open and doing a full run of busi- ness on Sunday as on other days." " Any others .'' " "Yes; the druggists and barbers. " " Any others ?" "Yes; the livery-stable men do more business on that day than on any other." As these were not the parties the court was after, the question was finally asked directly, " Do you know of any Seventh-day Adventists who have worked on Sunday .'' " Ascertaining that some of this class had been guilty of labor on that day, indictments were issued for five persons accordingly. At the trial, the defendants employed the best counsel obtainable — Judge Walker, ex-member of the United States Senate. The pomts he made before the court were that the law was unconsti- tutional, — First, because it was an infringement of religious freedom, or the right of conscience, inasmuch as it compelled men to keep as the Sabbath a day which their conscience and the Bible taught them was not the Sabbath; Secondly, because it was an infringement of the right of property, taking from seventh-day keepers one-sixth part of their time; and the time of a laboring man being his property, the law was in its nature a robber; and — Thirdly, because it took away a right that God had given — the right to labor six days and to rest one. All this was overruled by the judge, who charged that the law rested equally upon all, requiring that all men should rest one day, 19 282 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS and that the first day of the week; which requirement rested alike on the Methodists, the Baptists, the Congregationalists, the Sabbata- rians, the Jews, worldlings, and infidels; and if our religion required us to keep another day, that was a price we paid to our religion, and with that the State had nothing to do. He ruled, moreover, that no one had a right to set up his conscience against the law of the land. From these denials of the rights which the Author of their exist- ence has given to all men, — namely, their right to labor six days, and to rest on the seventh, and the right to obey God rather than man, when man's requirements conflict with His, — the counsel for the defendants of course took appeal; and the case went up to the supreme court of the State, to be tried in May, 1886. Others were indicted during this year, till the number of prosecutions reached twenty-one. During the same time a similar work went on in Tennessee, where seventh-day views had been more extensively agitated. Eight persons in that State were prosecuted for Sunday labor. Three of the number were convicted on a charge of ' ' flagrant violation of the Christian Sabbath." The charge was preferred by a professor of religion; but two of the men were quietly plowing in their fields a full half mile from the house of the one who lodged complaint against them. In these cases a fine of $20 and costs was imposed on each. Appeal was taken to the supreme court of the State, which convened in Jackson, in May, 1886, the parties having meanwhile to give bail of $250 each for their appearance in court at that time. In regard to the state of public sentiment in Tennessee on this question, S. Fulton, a minister, then of Springville, Henry Co., Tenn. , wrote : — " Public sentiment is fast changing here in favor of Sunday legislation. Some seven j'cars ago, a Mr. Thomason, a lawyer of Paris, Tenu., in consulting with our brethren on the question of Sunday labor, advised them to pursue their work on Sunday, claiming that they could not be harmed for it, as the consti- tution granted them that right. Since then he has professed religion and joined the Presbyterian church, and now says that we must quit work on the Christian Sabbath or suffer punishment by law; and there is no avoiding it." Speaking of the trial, he says : — " In the court-room, the attorney for the defendant asked the question if Sunday was the Sabbath; and the judge ruled it out as not a proper question; I PRACTICAL WORKINGS 283 neither would he permit a statement to be made why our brethren worked on Sunday. In his charge to the jury, it was easily seen that he was determined to have them punished. The jury had hardly left the room when they returned a verdict of ' Guilty,' and a fine of ^20 and costs was imposed on each. Our brethren then appealed to the supreme court, in the hope that some justice might be shown them there." The supreme court in all these cases confirmed the decision of the lower court. In Arkansas those who were convicted paid their fines. But the obnoxious law was repealed in January, 1887. In Tennessee the victims of the persecutions served out their sentences in jail. A visitor of the same faith describes the case in these words : — " The brethren, knowing that they had done no evil, and feeling that to pay their hard-earned money on such a charge would be to put a premium on injustice, decided to go to jail, and suffer for the truth's sake. The jailer mani- fested a spirit of kindness, taking them home to supper with his own family, and otherwise doing all the law allowed him to do for their comfort. Being desirous of seeing the jail, I was permitted to enter. From the hall we entered the rooms occupied by the prisoners. The one our brethren occupy is about 8x10 ft. Upon the floor were mattresses made of sea-grass, with blankets for covering; but no pillows nor bed linen, nor a piece of furniture of any kind. In this apart- ment our brethren are placed, to remain nearly six months, for serving God according to their own consciences and in obedience to the Scriptures. Is it any wonder the prophet, as he was shown the acts of this government, said that it spake like a dragon ? Can our opponents say longer that observers of the seventh day will never be persecuted ? To deny it to be religious persecution would be to deny the plainest facts in the case. If it is not, why do business men, hack drivers, livery-stable keepers, saloon keepers, hunters, fishers, etc.» do whatever they please on Sunday, and yet go free, while these men who conscientiously keep the seventh day and then go quietly about their work on Sunday, are torn from their homes, deprived of their freedom, and imprisoned?'' In the findings of the supreme court of Arkansas, confirming the decision of the lower court, the following sentiments were advanced : — "It is said that every day in the week is observed by some one of the religious sects of the world as a day of rest; and if the power is denied to fix by law Sunday as such a day, the same reason would prevent the selection of any day; but the power of the Legislature to select a day as a holiday is everywhere conceded. The State from the beginning has appropriated Sunday as such. . . . The law which imposes the penalty operates upon all alike, and interferes with no man's religious belief; for in limiting the prohibition to secular pursuits, it leaves religious profession and worship free. 284 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS "The appellant's argument, then, is reduced to this: that because he conscientiously believes that he is permitted by the law of God to labor on Sun- day, he may violate with impunity a statute declaring it illegal to do so. But a man's religion cannot be accepted as a justification for committing an overt act made criminal by the law of the land. If the law operates harshly, as laws sometimes do, the remedy is in the hands of the Legislature. It is not in the province of the judiciary to pass upon the wisdom and policy of legislation; that is, for the members of the legislative department; and the only appeal from their determination is to the constituency." In relation to the foregoing, it may be remarked that the assertion that all days are kept by different classes, and therefore the State could not fix upon any day as a holiday without taking somebody's Sabbath, is not true. Only three days are regarded as sacred days. These are the Sabbath of the Lord, and the two thieves between which it is crucified — the Friday of Mohammed and the Sunday of the pope. The plea that the Sunday law interferes with no man's religion is a specious one, but one which is shown by a moment's reflection to be utterly false. A man's religion is interfered with, when discrim- ination is made in favor of another man's religion and against his own, and when he cannot be true to the convictions of his own conscience in regard to those spiritual duties which he owes alone to God, without incurring, in consequence, hardship and loss. And this is precisely what the Sunday law does in reference to observers of the seventh day. But it is said that the State in its legislation has no reference to the religious character of Sunday. This is too flimsy a pretext behind which to hide; for it is written all over the transaction in characters which cannot be hidden, that Sunday is elevated to the position of the State rest-day simply and solely because so many church people regard it as a religious institution. It is utterly impossible to separate it from this idea, or to attribute it to any other cause. Any defense attempted on this line is sheer sophistry. And the doctrine set forth in the foregoing quotation, that the law of the land can make acts criminal which God permits in our worship of himself, is little short of monstrous. At the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, held in Battle Creek, Mich., Nov. i8 to Dec. 6, 1886, it was decided to PRACTICAL WORKINGS 285 appeal the case of J. W. Scoles, referred to on page 280, to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court in the foregoing cases confirmed the decision of the lower court. But in Arkansas the Legislature repealed the law in January, 1887. In Tennessee it still remains in force. American Dairy Barnyard CHAPTER XVI EPILOGUE INVENTIONS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THE changes that have taken place in the brief hundred years last passed, and the revolutions which have changed the whole aspect of the methods of life and living, are very graphically stated in the introduction of a volume called the "Progress of Inven- tion in the Nineteenth Century." From these pages we transcribe a few words : — " To appreciate them [the wonders of this age] let us briefly contrast the conditions of to-day with those of a liundred years ago. This is no easy task, for the comparison not only involves the experiences of two generations, but it is like the juxtaposition of a star with the noonday sun, whose superior brilliancy obliterates the lesser light. " But reverse the wheels of progress, and let us make a quick run of one hundred years into the past, and what are our experiences ? Before we get to our destination, we find the wheels themselves beginning to thump and jolt, and the passage becomes more difficult, more uncomfortable, and much slower. We are no longer gliding along in a luxurious palace car behind a magnificent loco- motive, traveling on steel rails, at sixty miles an hour; but we find ourselves rearing the beginning of the nineteenth century in a rickety, rumbling, dusty stage-coach. Pause ! and consider the change for a moment in some of its broader aspects. First, let us examine the present more closely, for the average busy man, never looking behind him for comparisons, does not fully appreciate, or estimate at its real value, the age in which he lives. There are to-day [statis- tics of 1889] 445,064 miles of railway tracks in the world. This would build seventeen different railway tracks, of two rails each, around the entire world, or would girdle mother earth with thirty-four belts of steel. If extended in straight lines, it would build a track of two rails to the moon, and more than a hundred thousand miles beyond it. The United States has nearly half of the entire mile- age of the world, and gets along with 36,746 locomotives, nearly as many passen- ger coaches, and more than a million and a quarter freight cars, which latter, if coupled together, would make nearly three continuous trains reaching across the American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The movement of passenger trains is equivalent to dispatching thirtv-seven trains per day around 286 EPILOGUE 287 the world, and the freight train movement is in like manner equal to dispatching fifty-three trains a day around the world. Add to this the railway business con- trolled by other countries, and one gets some idea of how far the stage coach has been left behind. To-day we eat supper in one city, and breakfast in another so many hundreds of miles east or west that we are compelled to set our watches to the new meridian of longitude in order to keep our engagement. "But railroads and steam-cars constitute only one of the stirring elements of modern civilization. As we make the backward run of one hundred years, we have passed by many milestones of progress. Let us see if we can count some of them as they disappear behind us. We quickly lose the telephone, phono- graph, and graphophone. We no longer see the cable-cars or electric railways. The electric lights have gone out. The telegraph disappears. The sewing- machine, reaper, and thrasher have passed away, and so also have all india-rubber goods. We no longer see any photographs, photoengravings, photolithographs, or snap-shot cameras. The wonderful octuple web perfecting printing-press, printing, pasting, cutting, folding, and counting newspapers at the rate of 96,000 per hour, or 1,600 per minute, shrinks at the beginning of the century into an insignificant prototype. We lose all planing and wood-working mat hinery, and with it the endless variety of sashes, doors, blinds, and furniture in unlimited variety. There are no gas-engines, no passenger-elevators, no asphalt pavement, no steam fire-engine, no triple-expansion steam-engine, no Giffard injector, no celluloid articles, no barbed-wire fences, no time-locks for safes, no self-binding harvesters, no oil- or gas-wells, no ice machines nor cold storage. We lose air-engines, stem-winding watches, cash-registers and cash-car- riers, the great suspension bridges and tunnels, the Suez Canal, iron-frame buildings, monitors and heavy ironclads, revolvers, torpedoes, magazine guns, and Gatling guns, linotype machines, all practical typewriters, all Pasteurizing, knowledge of microbes or disease germs, and sanitary plumbing, water-gas, soda- water fountains, air-brakes, coal-tar dyes and medicines, nitro-glycerine, dynamite and guncotton, dynamo-electric machines, aluminum ware, electric locomotives, Bessemer steel with its wonderful developments, oceaia cables, enameled iron ware, Welsbach gas-burners, electric storage batteries, the cigarette machine, hydraulic dredges, the roller-mills, middlings purifiers and patent-piocess flour, tin-can machines, car couplings, compressed-air drills, sleeping-cars, the dynaujite gun, the McKay shoe machine, the circular knitting-machine, the Jacquard loom, wood pulp for paper, fire alarms, the use of anassthetics in surgery, oleomarga- rine, street sweepers. Artesian wells, friction matches, steam hammers, electro- plating, nail machines, false teeth, artificial limbs and eyes, the spectroscope, the kinetoscope or moving pictures, acetylene gas. X-ray apparatus, horseless carriages, and — but, enough ! the reader exclaims, and indeed it is not pleasant to contemplate the loss. The negative conditions of that period extend into such an a^jpalling void that we stop short, shrinking from the thought of what it would mean to modern civilization to eliminate from its life these potent factors of its existence." 288 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS In addition to all this, among the more remarkable of still more recent devices and inventions may be mentioned the coin weighing and countmg machine, just installed in the money institutions of Chicago, and which wrought consternation among the bank employees through the prospect of the loss of their employment. Under the direction of one of the inventors, 3,600 gold coins were accurately weighed and counted in an incredibly short space of time. ' ' A small dynamo furnishes motive power, and the whole instrument is contained in a case two feet square and one foot high. " We have also to make the startling announcement that according to an editorial in the August (1891) Patent Record, the triumph of the long-sought "air-ship "' is practically accomplished; and it is a son of the new world, M. Santos-Dumont, a talented native of Brazil, who has scored the first victory! This man guided his flying machine at will, in the face of opposing winds, three times around the Eiffel tower in Paris, where the experiment was made, and back again to the place of starting. Experts who watched the experiments predict that aerial navigation will be by air-ships propelled by self-generated power, and that the first installment of the enterprise has already been witnessed. It surpasses Count Zeppelin's device. Speaking of submarine boats, those wonderful contrivances which propel themselves under water, and explore at will the bottom of the sea, recovering therefrom the buried treasures, and revealing wonders of the deep, or in the dark and secret depths attaching torpedoes to the huge iron-clads of an enemy for their destruction, — speaking of this great advance step in man's inroad upon the ocean, the Popular Science Mont lily says:^ — - " We should take genuine pride in the fact that citizens of our own country are to-day foremost in the construction of these mighty engines." Wireless telegraphy, communicating between distant places without the intervention of wires, seems likely to receive its greatest development in American hands. Its practicability was recently demonstrated by a very successful and interesting test, made July 27, 1 90 1, in New York harbor, between the steamer " Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse " and the Cunard liner "Lucania. " "The ' Lucania ' sailed for Liverpool at one o'clock in the afternoon, while the ' Kaiser EPILOGUE 289 Wilhelm der Grosse' remained berthed at pier 51, North River. For more than an hour the two vessels were in constant communi- cation with each other; and until the ' Lucania ' passed out of the Narrows, there was no difficulty in reading her signals." On another occasion, "communications were kept up on the 'Lucania 'for twenty miles from land from Holyhead [Wales]." Vessels coming to New York may be communicated with in this weird manner twelve hours before they are sighted off Sandy Hook. THE GREAT GUN. The United States has already ''fired a shot," which, from its moral effect, has been "heard around the world." But it is now about to fire a shot, which, in a more nearly literal sense, may be heard around the world. The great 16-inch, 126-ton gun, now being built for the government at the Watervliet (N. Y.) arsenal, is 49 X feet long, more than six feet in diameter at the breech, and ' ' will have an extreme range of over twenty miles. Its projectile will weigh 2,370 pounds, and a single discharge will cost $865. If fired at its maximum elevation from the battery at the south end of New York, in a northerly direction, its projectile would pass over the city of New York, over Grant's tomb, Spuyten Duyvil, Riverdale, Mount St. Vincent, Ludlow, Yonkers, and would land near Hastings-on-the- Hudson, nearly twenty miles away." "The extreme height of its trajectory would be 30,516 feet, ox nearly six i/iilcs.''' This means that if the gun was located at the foot of Mt. Everest, the highest of the Himalayas, the missile, as shown in the accompanying diagram, would fiy entirely over the mountain; and its trajectory, as shown by the curved line, would lead it so far above the top of the moun- tain that though the great pyramid of Gizeh were placed on the top of the mountain, and the Washington monument reared on top of HLIOHT OF PARABOLA SffM/lSS WEioHT OF PRoiiaae z^70 LBS. POWDEf CHARGE S76 LBS. COST OF one OliCHARiC tlS6S. -20,97d MIL£S- F'.ight of a Froj'ecliie from 1 G-inch Gun 290 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS that, the hissing, roaring shell would clear them all, and still have room to spare. Such an exhibition of the power of man's devices over huge masses of matter is calculated to make our War Depart- ment feel that they are in possession of an engine that nothing can resist. The weapon, when completed, will be sent to the Pan- American Exposition at Buffalo, and tested by throwing a shot twenty-one miles out into Lake Erie. If the tests are satisfactory, the government will order forty of the guns. Then the United States will hold by all odds the most terrible engines of war pos- sessed by any nation on earth. Of the whole number of guns, eighteen will be placed in New York Harbor, ten at San Francisco, eight in Boston, and four at Hampton Roads. So says a dispatch from Washington. This is really but another object-lesson showing the great progress America has made in the iron and steel industries, to which some writers attribute our victories in the Spanish War. The Frankfurter Zcitung expresses itself thus : — " Statistics prove that the United States has greater wealth, greater resources, greater energy, than any other nation. And there is good reason for this. No doubt there are some objectionable phases in American public life, but there is much more light than shadow. Freedom and toleration reign in the United States, coercion is unknown. There is no nobility, and no one claims advan- tages because he is his father's son. There is no narrow, reactionary mon- archism. Red tape is unknown, and the citizens are never made the slaves of state machines. If Spain had won in the late war, a people full of national arrogance, a nation subject to the dictates of incapable politicians, would have been strengthened. This has been averted by the American victory." The Vorwdrts, the organ of the Socialists in the Argentine Confederation, is not quite so sure that we are superior to other nations, but it predicts the ascendency of American industry and United States hegemoiiy over South America. It says, in the main: — "The Spanish ships were supposed to be equal to anything afloat. The Spanish ships were riddled with shot and shell, but the American vessels escaped unharmed. That the American crews were so very much superior to the Spanish sailors is not to be supposed. The only explanation is that the American iron industry is much more advanced. This must necessarily shake the foundations of the iron trade. And if the South Americau republics do not willingly transfer EPILOGUE 291 their custom to the United States, the big repubHc, respecting nothing but brute force, will compel Soutli Americans by main force to become her customers." — Translation for tJic Literary Digest. Thus the South American countries and all Europe are beginning to tremble with anxiety over the fast -growing prosperity of the United States, fearing what they may suffer through our competition. Floating straws show clearly which way the current tends. Thus ^\■e learn from the public prints that "during 1900, twelve nations spent over $10,000,000 each for American farm products." Stranger still does it appear, that the United States should be called upon to furnish coal to Europe. But the report is now current that "over five million tons of coal have been ordered from the United States to Europe, this present year," and that four freight steamers are now under construction in Newport News, Va. , to convey the product." An article in the September (1901) number of the Cosinopolitan, by the editor, J. Brisben Walker, enumerates nine great inventions which have come to the front since the Columbian Exposition of 1893, as follows : — I. The submarine boat; 2. Wireless telegraphy; 3. Telephoning under the sea; 4. The X-rays; 5. The high-pressure twenty-mile gun; 6. The small-bore rifle; 7. The baby incubator; 8. The auto- mobile; 9. Ascetylene gas. Of these, he says, in the order of mili- tary importance, may be named first, the submarine boat. A brief reference to the history of this class of vessels follows, with a notice of the more recent developments, which we quote: — " Meantime France, in which no great armor, shipbuilding, or gun factory interests exercise influence over the government, has considered the question on its merits, and has brought its best scientific minds to bear on submarine con- struction. The results are as might easily have been guessed. In fact, the practical demonstration goes far beyond the prophecies of even the most sanguine. They are best told by quoting the following cablegram to the New York World of July 20 : — " 'BATTLESHIPS TO GO; SUBMARINES RULE. "'REMARKABLE FEAT OF THE " GUSTAVE ZEDE " UPSETS CALCULATIONS FOR THE FRENCH NAVY. SAILS FROM TOULON, ELUDES FLEET AT AJACCIO, TORPEDOES BATTLESHIP, AND ESCAPES WITHOUT BEING SEEN. " ' Paris, July 20. — After seeing the submarine boat " Gustave Zede " sail one liundred and seventy-five miles from Toulon to the harbor of Ajaccio, Corsica, 292 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS elude the vigilance of the French fleet, torpedo the great battleship "Charles Martel," and cross the Mediterranean to Marseilles (two hundred and twenty-five miles), all this time unobserved, the French Minister of Marine, M. de Lannesan, has decided to delay the building of several monster warships already voted by the National Congress. " ' All the naval experts here are profoundly impressed by the recent progress in submarine vessels and navigating. They declare that the huge ships are doomed. " ' M. de Lannesan intends to present to the Senate and Chamber, as soon as the Congress meets, a bill to modify the naval expenditures, providing for constructing, in place of large warships contemplated, forty submarine craft of the " Gustave Zede " type (one hundred and fifty-nine feet long), but larger, and eighty purely defensive submarine boats of the Goubet type- (No. i is sixteen and one- half feet long; No. 2 is twenty-six and one- quarter feet), which cannot operate beyond fifteen miles, but are so transportable that eight can be loaded aboard an ordinary cruiser.' "This is the point to be kept clearly in mind: that the five million dollars expended in a single battleship would mean one hundred submarine boats — a flotilla powerful enough to destroy our entire navy as it to-day exists." " The phenomena of wireless telegraphy, telephoning under the sea, and the X-ray, are all in the line of what might have been reasonably expected from the progress made in electrical development up to 1893. The high-pressure twenty- mile gun, which puts the greatest cities under tribute from vessels that are practically below the horizon, is also in the line of that evolution of the gun which Jules Verne predicted more than a quarter of a century ago. The small- bore rifle, firing its shot with high initial velocity, is in the nature of an unex- pected development. For many years the evolution of the army rifle seemed to be in the direction of large bore and heavy metal. The efficiency of the small caliber had been suspected by a few military scientific minds prior to the Boer war. But it remained for the South African republicans, sparsely gathered behind rocks or concealed in sand-pits on the hillsides, to demonstrate the marvelous efficiency of this new art. So scattered as to leave no target for artillery and very little for even rifle fire, these Boers in their sand-pits, long practiced in marksmanship, were able to pick off the English troops at such great distances as to render their artillery almost ineffective, and to lead to almost certain death the venturesome brigade which sought to charge over the exposed territory." "The question also comes up in connection with the small-bore rifle as to whether the most powerful military nation of the future will not be one which has put into the hands of every citizen a gun with ammunition enough so that he may learn to shoot fairly straight. It is very curious how invention is bringing about a leveling of classes. If, indeed, the citizen with a rifle and a half-dozen strings of ammunition, leaving his workshop without previous military instruc- tion, as did the Boer, can become the most virile of soldiers, then the republic EPILOGUE 293 of the future will be safe from violence because military superiority will rest with the citizen. " The baby incubator is one of the marvels of science." The same paper gives a forecast of the more important improve- ments and changes of the near future, among which we notice the following : — I. Aeroplanes; 2. The universal introduction of automobiles; 3. Scientific methods of thought transference; 4. Substitution of economic methods of heating cities by oil and gas, etc., etc. The discoveries and improvements, enumerated above, with others which might be mentioned, such as additional advances in photographic electricity, the Rontgen, or X-rays, Crookes's tubes, the telautograph, telephotograph, the microphone, a device to make audible the minutest sound, the megaphone, to make a whisper roar like Niagara, etc., crowd upon us so fast as to throw our dictionaries out of date, and bewilder us by the whirl of events. It opens to us an age unique in its multitudinous powers, — just the theater on which the spiritual agencies of evil, predicted in the last days "to walk unseen the earth abroad, " might be expected to exhibit their preternatural wonders. CLOSING REFLECTIONS. Before leaving this subject, a few contemplative remarks in reference to the whole question may not be out of place. The subject is of such magnitude, and the issues involved are of such momentous importance, that nothing pertaining to them can be considered redundant until the whole situation is repeatedly impressed upon the mind and every one has a clear and vivid idea of the crisis into which we are about to plunge. It is a " world question " to which in this work we have invited, and again reinvite, attention. It belongs to the same category which includes the creation of the world itself, the world's redemptive progress and history, and now the last change which is to befall this planet, — this planet, the chief orb with which we are acquainted, — an orb made conspicuous by having received one visit from the Son of God, bearing upon his divine bosom the load of our sin and shame, — the orb on which the cross that shocked and thrilled the whole universe — angels, principalities, and powers — 294 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS has been npreared, — an orb soon to be made more conspicuous still by a second visit from the Son of man, robed with the power and grandeur of the Lord of all, in the glory of his Father and of the holy angels. The line that we are soon to pass is the line of eter- nity, behind which will forever drift away the trials and conflicts of a sinful probation, and beyond which will open the glorious vistas of everlasting day to those who have made room, and made themselves ready, for the King in his beauty. The object of these pages has been to quicken a desire in every heart to be able to finish his course with joy, and the design of the facts and arguments presented has been to aid in this work of self- examination and spiritual progress. It is sometimes said that such subjects as these belong to the dry formulas of theory, and lack prac- tical value. A greater mistake could not be made. Nothing will stir one up more deeply to make a practical preparation for the coming of the Son of man than a convincing array of evidences that that coming is right at hand. For, as the apostle John says, "We know^ that, when he shall appear, we shall be like Him; for we shall see Him as He is. And every man that hath this hope in Him [in Christ] pjirifietJi himself, even as He [Christ] is pure." i John 3:2, 3. That is the ultimate object in every case: to lead men to become pure as Christ is pure; and all who do this will be ready to hail Him with joy when He appears, and share in the salvation He comes to bring. Heb. 9:28. When we consider that there is One who ruleth in the kingdoms of men, and when we look at His past course in dealing with nations, according to His own statements, and the plain declarations of history, the query arises, Why should He not speak of the United States of America, this last unique development of human powder, as the human race has now completed its circuit around the earth .'' When the thrill- ing point is reached, as it is now reached, when this gospel of the kingdom can be preached in all the world, as a sign that the end is the next event in order (Matt. 24 : 14), and there are no further nationali- ties to be developed for it to go to, should we not recognize that as the time when the great Author of prophecy would have something to say concerning the last nation to appear 1 Without this. His course would seem to lack uniformity, and His work be incomplete. But EPILOGUE 295 no such reflections can be laid to His charge. With this, a broad basis is laid on which to build. In these premises, as a postulate, all phases of the argument center, and from them all conclusions flow. They will bear stating" again and again. A prophecy is uttered, setting forth its great truths by symbols, for one of which, looking the wide earth over, we find no possible location except our own land. This symbol is independent and unique. It cannot possibly represent a government set forth by any other symbol. If the symbol referred to does not apply to our own country, then it follows that symbolically the prophecy is at fault, describing a country or government with no symbol to apply to it, and having a symbol with no object to answer to it. This would be again a reflection on the prophecies which no friend of the Bible could for a moment tolerate; and no application which necessitates this, can for a single instant be accepted. But not only is the prophecy hedged about with these limitations, but the time when the power symbolized should make its appearance is definitely stated. The United States arose at precisely that point of time. The nature of the government, too, first gentle and lamb- like, the defender of equal rights, both civil and religious, is noted in the prophecy; and this also we find in America, but we find it nowhere else. It is not found in any other nation that now exists, or has existed under the whole wide heaven, so far as history has at anytime stated. These considerations bind the application of the prophecy about with bands of iron. Not a pin or rivet can be moved. Let this point be fixed securely in the mind. The Lord God of the prophets has spoken about America. He has spoken especially for the good of this land, where the closing rays of the gospel beam forth in all their intensity, as well as for the good of all lands, that He may show an object-lesson to the world of the fulfillment of His word. It may be said, perhaps, that there are other nations of more account in the world than America, nations having longer chronolog- ical records, a larger number of inhabitants, greater historical volume, more enduring and long-continued customs and methods, a more set- tled and moulding influence on larger masses of people. This, in these respects, may all be so, but this does not alter the fact that here is a nation of an unequaled profession, set forth for a special 296 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS , purpose, in a certain place, at a particular time, to stand in the very focus of the stirring events of the closing hours of time, raised up and developed by the special providence and manifest design of God to accomplish its special work in connection with His truth and the proclamation of His gospel, as the world closes its long career of sin, and the plan of redemption, planted on the ruins of the fall, growing in clearness and strength for six thousand years, shall open into the living blossom of eternity. These points all stand as pillars on immovable bases; but there are more stirring features still; for the prophet describes the visible expansion of this power before the eyes of the beholder. It grows up like a silent seed in a quiet jield, and, far outside the turmoil and strife of aggressive conflict, expands into empire. Prophecy notes this point, and history, describing it, unconsciously in the very language of the prediction, responds thereto. It has multiplied its terri- tory till it has outstripped all other nations in rapidity of territorial growth. In population it has grown from three to seventy millions in a httle more than one hundred years. It largely supplies the world with cereals, cotton, gold and silver, coal, oil, machinery, the bones and sinews of industrial life and commerce, — till its exports now overrun the billion dollar mark. It has revolutionized domestic commercial intercourse by its advancements in the arts, sciences, inventions, lighting, locomotion by sea and land, discoveries and improvements of all kinds. Gold has multiplied till we are the richest nation on the globe. We have alarmed Europe by our inva- sion of its industries, and have become the leading commercial nation of the world. Can any one intelligently answer the question, What do these things mean 1 except on the ground that America is a sub- ject of prophecy, and is rapidly tilhng out the prophetic outhne which has been prescribed for her .? The full appreciation of this fact should not fail to be realized. But do you say that while this part of the picture is so abundantly fulfilled, there are other features which cannot appear ? for the prophet declares that this symbolic beast spake as a dragon; and that speaking as a dragon cannot mean anything less than exercising a dragonic spirit, and manifesting persecution, oppression, and wrong .? and that it can- not be that in this land of liberty and liberality such things can occur ? EPILOGUE 297 But remember that a symbol cannot fulfill the very specifications ascribed to it without being the power concerning which the prophecy has spoken; and hence, the voice of God is behind its acts, not neces- sarily in approval, but in declaration of the facts. The United States is the power in question; and prophecy is not deceived nor misled by its profession. While it looked so innocent and mild, the prophet heard it speak, and the voice was that of a dragon. Would not any move in this direction, in a course so improbable, unnatural, and unreasonable, clinch the application, and demonstrate unmistakably that the correct view of what is to come is presented, — " He spake as a dragon " ? Testimony has been given, showing how, like a peal of thunder from a clear sky, a sentiment has sprung up, as mysterious and uncalled for as the birth of sin itself, that civil law must come to the rescue of religion, and the power of God give place to human leg- islation in his work. An idea suddenly seized bigoted and prejudiced minds, that a supposed institution of the law of God, a pseudo-Sab- bath, must be propped up by decisions of courts, and forced upon the people, against their will, by fines and imprisonments. Can it not be seen that that would be a death-blow to freedom of conscience, the destruction of religious liberty, the turning back to all the darkness, cruelty, and oppression of the Dark Ages, and the opening of the door to the fulfillment of the most startling and repulsive features of the prophecy ? Can any one longer doubt the coming accomplish- ment of the evil movements foretold .-' Consider further, that these sentiments are not the spasmodic ebullition of the cranky ideas of a single individual; but they have taken possession of multitudes of men, who have banded together into an association taking the name of the National Reform Association, devoted to the idea of making such changes in the national Constitu- tion as will secure the ends proposed. Is not this marvelous ? Can it be accounted for only on the ground that we have reached the time predicted, when darkness covers the earth, and gross darkness the people, and that this prophecy is about to be accomplished ? But it may be objected further that such a change cannot take place in this country without overturning the foundations of our gov- ernment, and repudiating the principles upon which it is established. 298 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Very true; and stranger still to say, the way is even now being pre- pared for just such changes in the government to take place. First, the Declaration of Independence, that glorious aegis of human liberty, is discarded. Its everlasting truth, that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, is denounced as "the old Philadelphia lie," by these National Reformers. They would have it that governments derive all their powers directly from God, said powers to be interpreted and applied by his agents, alias themselves ! Secondly, the Constitution of the United States, a document which has been described by a leading organ of opinion in England as " the most sacred political document in the world," has been repudi- ated. It has been denied the privilege of following the flag. The United States has shown itself willing to extend its jurisdiction over subject peoples, while at the same time denying to them the assur- ances of civil and religious rights which the Constitution guarantees. This is national apostasy; and this is to-day taking place right before our eyes. It ought to make the nerves of every intelligent man tremble with apprehension as he contemplates the inevitable results of such a course. Ancient prophecy foretold it, modern prophecy applies and repeats it, and says : "When Protestantism shall stretch her hand across the gulf to grasp the hand of the Roman power, when she shall reach over the abyss to clasp hands with Spiritualism, when, under the influence of this threefold union, our country shall repudiate every principle of its Constitution as a Protestant and Republican government, and shall make provision for the propaga- tion of papal falsehoods and delusions, then we may know that the time has come for the marvelous working of Satan, and that the end is near. As the approach of the Roman armies was a sign to the dis- ciples of the impending destruction of Jerusalem, so may this apostasy be a sign to us that the limit of God's forbearance is reached, and the measure of our nation's iniquity is full, and that the angel of mercy is about to take her flight never to reiuxn/'' — Testimony foi^ the Church, No. J2, p. 2oy. Before this was penned, it had been published in a book called " The Great Controversy " that such a work would be done, the Protestant churches being the leading spirits in it. The reader can judge how fast the prediction is being fulfilled. Steps have been EPILOGUE 299 taken, and sentiments expressed, at which all people, only a genera- tion or two back, would have stood aghast ! The Declaration of Independence has been defamed and discarded ; the Constitution of the United States, that "most sacred political document among men," has been repudiated and ignored. The defection is coming; the apostasy is on. Can any one longer doubt that all the wicked things the prophecy reveals will surely follow } The lingering thought may remain, reluctant to leave, that men cannot give way to such folly, and it will not come out so bad after all. Listen to another installment of facts. The National Reform Association, as already noticed, led out in the move to bring about a state of things which would be the nightmare of a strange specter in this country — the virtual union of Church and State. Was it not sufficiently startling that right at the time when prophecy called for it, such a movement should burst forth, not simply from one man, but from enough to form an association, some of them men of stand- ing, whose iniiuence was a power for evil .-' Strange in its beginning, its growth is still stranger. By its growth we mean the accession of other bodies which have united with it, and become its allies. 1. The first of these was the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The action which committed this organization to this movement was taken in 1S85. 2. In 1888, at a convention of Methodist clergymen, the Ameri- can Sabbath Union was formed in New York City, and it became a notable ally of the National Reform Association. This Sabbath Union organization soon embraced the Presbyterian Church, North and South, the Baptist Union, the United Presbyterian Church, the Congregational Church, the Methodist Protestant Church, and a dozen other religious bodies. In 1892 it boasted that it had secured Sunday legislation from the Legislatures of six States. 3. The third combination that became an ally of the National Reform Association was the papacy. It came up in this way: The National Reform Association, at its national convention in 1884, made overtures to the Catholic Church, saying that the time had come to make repeated advances, and that they would gladly accept co-operation in any form in which they (the Catholics) might be will- ing to grant it. {Christian Statesman, Dec. Ii, 1884.) In 1888, 300 • THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Cardinal Gibbons indorsed by letter the National Reform effort to secure religious legislation from Congress, through the Blair Sunday- rest bill. And in 1889, the Catholic Lay Congress, held in Balti- more, made this declaration, which constitutes a direct reply to the National Reform overtures : ' ' There are many issues on which Catholics could come together with non-Catholics, and shape civil legislation for the public weal. In spite of rebuff and injustice, and overlooking zealotry, we would seek an alliance with non-Catholics for proper Sunday observance." — Chicago Intcr-Occan, Nov. ij, iSSp. 4. In 1 89 1 there was organized the Massachusetts Sabbath Asso- ciation, which a few years later had developed into the " New Eng- land Sabbath Protective League," an active association publishing a monthly organ, The Defender, supported by Senator Hoar and other influential men of New England. 5. In the same year (1891) the great Christian Endeavor Society, in its convention at Minneapolis, practically indorsed the National Reform movement, and has ever since been active in supporting Sunday legislation. 6. Out of the Christian Endeavor movement grew, in 1896, " Christian Citizenship," which has been an active ally of the National Reform movement ever since. 7. In addition to all these, there have been formed during the closing years of the century the New York Sabbath Committee, the League for Social Service, led by Dr. Josiah Strong ; the Woman's National Sabbath [Sunday] Alliance; the Sunday League of America, and the Reform Bureau at Washington, D. C, presided over by Dr. W. F. Crafts. All these organizations stand together, and as we have seen, Protestants stand with Catholics. in support of legisla- tion for the observance of Sunday. The New York Sabbath Com- mittee, organized in 1857, is the pioneer in soliciting the co-opera- tion of Rome in enforcing Sunday observance. The secretary, W. W. Atterbury, D. D., says: 'It aims to combine the efforts of all good citizens, — Protestants, Roman Catholics, and others, — in pro- tection of the day," etc. 8. Religions measures pressed upon Congress. " Following the attempt to make Congress commit itself to Sunday legislation in the EPILOGUE 301 matter of Sunday mails, in 1829-30, a long period intervened before another religious measure sought the indorsement of the National Legislature. The rise of the National Reform Association, in 1863, was the event which led to the next attempt of this kind, and indeed to every attempt of this nature that has since been made. In 1874 this Association felt itself strong enough to address the government directly, and accordingly petitioned Congress to so amend the Consti- tution as to put into that instrument a recognition of God as the nation's ruler, and make His revealed will the supreme law in civil affairs." This petition was referred to a committee, and that committee reported that the framers of the Constitution had purposely omitted such recognition, and that such a change in the fundamental law would be an uncalled-for and dangerous innovation. The petition consequently failed; and the Reformers, having thus felt the pulse of Congress, temporarily retired from the field of legislation, not to abandon their purpose, but only to wait for a more favorable opportunity. 9. By the year 1888, the Reformers were reinforced by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the National Prohibition party, the W. C. T. U. leading. Attack was again made on Con- gress by a petition to suppress Sunday trains, Sunday mails, and Sunday military duties. In May of the same year a Sunday-rest bill was introduced into the Senate by Senator Blair, of New Hampshire, forbidding labor on Sunday in the District of Columbia. Almost simultaneously with this, and from the same source, came a joint resolution calling for an amendment to the Constitution which would require each State " to teach in the public schools the principles of the Christian religion." Every pressure possible was brought to bear upon Congress in favor of these bills, especially the Sunday-rest bill. One of the tricks resorted to was this : Cardinal Gibbons indorsed the bill, and on the strength of his indorsement all the Catholics of the country, 14,000,000, were at once counted as supporters of the bill. The fraud did not work, and the bills were lost. 10. In January, 1890, the Reform combination came forward again with a Sunday-rest bill, but it was toned down to be much less comprehensive than the Blair bill. It was promoted by Congressman 302 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS W. C. P. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, and afterward by Congressman Morse, of Massachusetts. But it failed to be enacted into law. Still the attack upon Congress was kept up, with an occasional omen of success, till the time of — THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The question then became a burning one, whether the Fair should be kept open on Sunday or not. A Columbian Sunday Association had been organized in 1891, expressly to work for the Sunday closing of the Fair. The Columbian Commission were not in favor of an open Fair; but what the Church wished especially to obtain was a recognition of Sunday by act of the National Legislature. It was accomplished in this way : Congress was expected to appropriate $2,500,000 in aid of the Fair; and this gift might be made condi- tional on the Sunday closing. Hence to this end the Sunday-closers bent all their energies. They found champions in Senator Havvley, of Connecticut, and Senator Quay, of Pennsylvania. The latter in his argument had occasion to call for the reading in the Senate, of the fourth commandment, spoken by the Creator on Mount Sinai. The Sunday-closing proviso had already passed the House; and under the lead of Senators Hawley and Quay, it secured the concurrence of the Senate. Soon afterward the bill received the sig- nature of President Harrison, and thus became a national law. Thus Congress had at last capitulated. The National Legislature had dis- tinctly committed itself to the cause of Sunday observance. It had decreed that the Columbian Exposition be closed on Sunday, and thus be made to observe what is called "The Christian Sabbath." By causing the fourth commandment to be read and applying it to Sunday, it had declared the Christian Sabbath to be "the hrst day of the week, commonly called Sunday." This was the Congressional interpretation of what Jehovah meant in reference to the Sabbath when He declared, "The seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God." Here was a precedent and a foundation for any future legis- lation by Congress which the National Reform Alliance might demand. It was a great victory for Sunday enforcement; and the promoters of that cause were wild with joy. Another device resorted to by them to secure this evil victory is EPILOGUE 303 worthy of notice : it was the threatening to boycott every politician who opposed the measure. It is well known that if there is any point on which the average politician is abnormally weak and supersensi- tive, it is the point of losing his office, to save which he will crawl abjectly in the dust before any voter. So effective was this device that some politicians were overheard counseling among themselves to this effect : " You know," said one, " that we want to come back to Congress." " But how shall we get here, " said another, " except by yielding to the clergy.-' " By this the clergy learned that they had power to intimidate Congress sufficiently to carry their measures through that body by threats. It was the boast of one clergyman soon afterward, " I have learned that we hold the United States Senate in our hands." — Dr. H. H. George, Speech in Paterson, N. J. Following this lead, bills have been brought before Congress as follows: (i) Calling for a national university in which Christian theology shall be taught; (2) bills to increase chaplains in the army; (3) a bill asking Congress to forbid the opening on Sunday of any exhibition receiving money from the government; (4) Sunday-rest bills in both the Senate and the House. II. In 1 89 1 the National Reformers came again before Congress with the religious amendment scheme, which reached its climax in a hearing before the House Committee on the Judiciary. The com- mittee being unanimously opposed to the bill, it failed to pass. But in the hearts of the promoters their original purpose still lives, and they are patiently biding their time.^ While these movements were on foot in legislative and judicial channels, there was no lack of activity in the field of the practical application of these principles, as shown in the inevitable result of oppression and persecution. The blows were aimed at the observers of the seventh day, as shown on a preceding page, while others who more flagrantly violated the first day, if they did not pay respect to the seventh day, were with hypocrisy and discrimination passed by in silence. In 1885 the exemption clause of the Sunday law in Arkansas was repealed. The movement to overthrow seventh-day observance 1 The facts stated in the preceding eleven paragraphs, are gathf^red principally from the tract "Religious Liberty in the Nineteenth Century." 304 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS began with this in earnest. There had been previously a few arrests of Sabbath-keepers for so-called violations of the Sunday law, three in Michigan, one in Georgia, two in California. In 1882 the Cali- fornia Sunday law was repealed, and to this day has not been re-enacted. Prosecutions commenced in both Arkansas and Tennes- see in 1885; six arrests were made in Arkansas, three in Tennessee. Refusing to pay fines, the victims were thrown into jail. In some cases seizure and sale of goods was made to pay fines and costs. And in several instances the victims have fallen in death, their death being plainly attributable to the hardship and exposure of their prose- cution and imprisonment. They have thus fallen in this boasted land of enlightenment, and in this vaunted age of religious liberty, as veritable martyrs to their convictions of truth and duty as any that have gone down in death at the stake or in the dungeons of the Romish Inquisition. In view of these things dare any one look up unblushingly to heaven and say that there is nothing to these move- ments, and that our application of the prophecy is wrong.'' 12. /// politics. Not only has the religious amendment spirit permeated the great religious bodies, as noticed, but it has risen to that degree of strength that it has thought to control political bodies of a national character, and swing them around into its own channel, or rather, the religious bodies have conceived the idea that they could draw to themselves the strength of political organizations, to help forward their own ends. The Christian Endeavor movement has formed what is called "The Christian Citizenship League," designed to combine the strength of all the churches in this move- ment. W. H. Mc Millan, addressing a convention of this league a few years ago, in Boston, said: — " Here is a power that is going to wrest the control of affairs from the hands of political demagogues, and place it in the hands of Him who is King over all, and rules the world in righteousness. Our political leaders have been counting the saloon vote, the illiterate vote, and the stay-at-home vote, and all other elements that have hitherto entered into their canvassing of probabilities; but they have not yet learned to count the Christian Endeavor vote. I want to serve notice on them now that the time is drawing near when they will discover that a political revolution has occurred, and they will be found coming home from Wash- ington and our State capitals without a job." EPILOGUE 305 These sentiments were cheered to the echo. If anything will drive politicians into the Church, such sentiments will. And now it seems that a new p?.rty has arisen, or an old party under perhaps a new name, called "The United Christian Party," and what do they propose to do .'' — A brief extract from the opening of their platform will explain: — " We, the United Christian Party, in National Convention in the city of Rock Island, 111., May i and 2, 1900, acknowledging Almighty God as the source of all power and authority, the Lord Jesus Christ as the sovereign ruler of nations, and the Bible as the standard by which to decide moral issues in our political life, do make the following declaration: We believe the time to have arrived when the eternal principles of justice, mercy, and love, as exemplified in the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, should be embodied in the Constitution of our nation, and applied in concrete form to every function of our government. " We maintain that this statement is in harmony with the fundamental principles of our national common law, our Christian usages and customs, of the declaration of the Supreme Court of the United States that ' This is a Christian nation,' and the accepted principle in judicial decisions, that no law should contravene the divine law. '■'■Desecration of the Sabbath. We deprecate certain immoral laws which have grown out of the failure of our nation to recognize these principles, notably such as require the desecration of the Christian Sabbath, authorize unscriptural marriage and divorce, and license the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. " Immoral laws. The execution of these immoral laws above mentioned we hold to be neither loyalty to our country nor honoring to God, therefore it shall be our purpose to administer the government, so far as it shall be intrusted to us by the suffrages of the people, in accordance with the principles herein set forth; and until amended, our oath of office shall be to the Constitution and laws as herein explained, and to no other, and we will look to Him who has all power in heaven and in earth to vindicate our purpose in seeking His glory and the welfare of our beloved land." These words are well adapted to appeal to the religious sentiment of the people; and one might almost think that they were written by a National Reformer himself. The " f^y in the ointment" is the expressed desire and intention to place religious customs and usages on a legal basis, which means to enforce them upon the people and put the conscience under constraint. This would introduce the deadly virus into our government which would work the destruction of its life, and be the fatal blow to both civil and religious liberty. 3o6 THE MARVEL OF NATIONS Premonitory workings of this course of action have already appeared, showing its nature and results too plainly to be mistaken. Ninety arrests of seventh-day keepers have been made, some of them under circumstances of great cruelty and oppression. The prisoners have served an aggregate of nearly fifteen hundred days in jail and in chain gangs. Two men have lost their lives through the hardships to which they have been subjected. Secular papers have quite generally spoken out in loud protest and condemnation against the monstrous hypocrisy, injustice, and wrong of these things. But what about the religious press, whose professed principles would compel them to protest .'' — With a few honorable exceptions, reli- gionists have treated the matter with utter indifference and silence, especially those who have taken the pains to sneer at our apprehen- sion that great evil was sure to result from this tampering with the laws. They have averred with a cynical smile that the movement " would not harm a hair of our head;" but when the religious machine begins to grind, they have not a whisper of apology, or a word of censure, or a note of protest to offer. It is not for the hair of our head that we are specially solicitous, but we raise a warning against national apostasy, which means national ruin. But if prophecy outlines this work, it may be said, you cannot stop }t. Very true; isolated individuals cannot turn back the tide and save the nation. But individuals can save themselves. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself." Prov. 27 : 12. To save as many as possible from a catastrophe which is to swallow up so many should be the object of every lover of truth. With a true evangelical spirit, we "seek not yours, butj'^//." 2 Cor. 12: 14. The third message of Rev. 14 : 9-14 is a special message with respect to this very crisis : "If any man worship the beast and his image, . . . the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God." The cup into which this wine is poured is composed of His " indignation," and the condition in which it is poured is "without mixture," — with- out any mixture of mercy or hope. This is the storm center around which, with cyclonic speed and power, the closing scenes of these last days now revolve. But on the brow of this dark and troublous cloud glows the bright bow of divine promise. " There shall be a time of trouble, such as never was; . . . and at that time Thy people shall EPILOGUE 307 be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. " Dan. 12:1. " He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. . . . He shall cover thee with His feathers, and under His wings shalt thou trust : His truth shall be thy shield and buckler. . . . Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even the Most High, thy habitation; there shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling." Ps. 91 : i, 4, 8-10. With this presentation of the argument we here rest the case, feeling that no further statement is called for. We have not sought for any novel, sensational, or overdrawn arguments, but have endeav- ored only to present a plain array of Scriptural and self-evident truths, and a platform of firm, immovable facts that will stand the test of the great day when every refuge of lies will be swept away, and every covenant with death be disannulled. Isa. 28 : 16-18. FINIS. APPENDIX ANARCHY STRIKES ITS HRST BLOW THE most serious blow against the existence of this government, perpetrated by violence, occurred at Buffalo, N. Y. , at the great Pan-American Exposition, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Friday, Sept. 6, 1 901. At that hour, Wm. McKinley, President of the United States, was standing in the Temple of Music, in the presence of 3,000 persons, while 10,000 others stood without, waiting their chance to enter and shake hands with the President. In this line of friends stood a fiend named Leon Czol- gosz (pronounced Shol- gotz). In his left hand, wrapped about with a handkerchief, as if labor- ing under some injury, he concealed a pistol, the weapon of murder; and as he approached Mr. McKin- ley, and was apparently about to shake the hand proffered in kindness and good will, he discharged two shots point blank at """'''"' ^^^'"'^^ the President's person. The first bullet struck the breastbone, and glanced off, with no apparent harm; but the second went through both walls of the stomach, and lodged in the fleshy tissues of the 309 3IO APPENDIX back. The best medical and surgical skill was immediately sum- moned, and the physicians labored earnestly to beat back the power of the destroyer. When the news of what was done spread through the crowd, their rage was such that repeated attempts were made to lynch the assassin on the spot; and only by the most strategical movements of the police was he spirited away to escape their power. The whole country was shocked and stunned into a condition of paralysis by this The Temple of Music, where President McKinley was Assassinated revolting crime. Encouragement was at first held out that the wound would not prove fatal, and the President would survive; and thus the feelings of the nation vibrated between hope and fear, as they watched with breathless anxiety the hourly reports of the President's condition. But at length nature gave up the struggle, and a few hours over a week from the dastardly attack, at half past two on the morning of September 14, Wm. McKinley, the twenty-fifth Presi- dent of the United States, breathed his last, struck down by the hand of an anarchist, who glories in the deed and the principles which led to it. An autopsy showed that from the nature of his wounds, no ANARCHY STRIKES ITS FIRST BLOW 311 human power could have averted the fatal result. Probably no Presi- dent, not even Washington or Lincoln, ever enjoyed so wide-extended and continuous a degree of popularity among the people as did President McKinley. Not only this country, but the whole civilized world, bowed in horror and shame before this diabolical deed. Ex- pressions of public sentiment everywhere, and from all classes, joined in unanimous execration of the foul frenzy. President Roosevelt proclaimed Thursday, September 19, as a day of mourning for this country; and Edward VII of England ordered thirty days' mourning of his court in token of sympathy with this stricken nation. Theodore Roosevelt, the Vice-President, immediately assumed his place at the head of the Government, in accordance with the suf- frages of the people who had elected him to that place should occasion demand his services. Mr. McKinley had not completed the first year of his second term of the presidency, and the duties of that office for the three and a half years that remain, will devolve upon Mr. Roose- velt, he being the youngest man (aged 43) called to that position in the history of the Government. He took the oath of office as President of the United States in the afternoon of September 14. He enters upon his duties with the cordial support and good will of a vast majority of the American people. But he will need to surround him- self with every safeguard for his protection, for as a new feature of these later times, anarchy is in the land. Judge John R. Hazel, of the United States Circuit Court, administered the oath, and immedi- ately after the ceremony. President Roosevelt, addressing the mem- bers of the dead President's cabinet, most of whom were present, outlined his policy in a few brief words, as follows: — "In this hour of deep and terrible national bereavement, I wish to state that it shall be my intention and endeavor to continue abso- lutely unbroken, the policy of President McKinley for the peace, prosperity, and honor of our beloved country. " We have called this the first blow of anarchy, and the most serious blow that violence has dealt against the existence of the Government. In this we do not overlook the assassination of two noble presidents in the past — the lamented Lincoln in April, 1865, and Garfield, July 2, 1881. But the assassination of these men was owing to the acrimony of political partisanship. But this case is 312 APPENDIX entirely different, and furnishes a new symptom of the terrible disease that has seized upon society. In a time of profound peace, a time of unprecedented prosperity, when no one, not even the assassin him- self, had any personal grievance against the President, nor any fear of unjustice or oppression from his policy, an anarchist, with a foreign name which no English tongue can readily pronounce, and feehngs against liberty, against society, and against humanity which no English heart could entertain, lifts his hand in public and deliber- ate murder in the name and in behalf of anarchy, and for the sake of anarchy and its hellish purposes. 'Nowhere can society be safe while such a spirit rules. It is a crime against humanity, fostered by a spirit breaking out just now in new virulence from the bottomless pit. It is a sign of the evil times that are upon us. This is the first time that anarchy, as such, has raised its hand against this nation; and it must continue to grow worse, unless that spirit can be eradicated from society. This is the disease. How can it be remedied ? — By keeping as far as possible from the political and social conditions of the Old World. These conditions suggest and foster anarchy. Our history has shown that this country is not a favorite home for anarchy. Anarchy has, to be sure, flourished theoretically here for many years, but not overtly against the life of this nation. But anarchists have found this a free country, and so a convenient place for them to plot and conspire against their rulers in the Old World. Now there is a great outcry for the suppression of anarchy here. But how shall it be done ? Shall it be by making this country less free than it is ? That would be simply to make our society more like that in the Old World, which is the home of anarchy. It would be to deal only with the symptoms, and in so doing, to aggravate the disease. GENERAL INDEX Page. Abbott, F. E., protest of 219 Abridgment of Christian Doctrine, quota- tion from 205 Absolutists, American democracy sneered at by 112 Acetylene gas 291 Adams, John, prediction of 2% Adolphus, Gustavus, colony founded by. . . . 104 Aeroplane 293 Agricultural implements 45 societies 45 Agriculture in the United States 44 Daniel Webster on 51 Air compressors 59 Air-ship 42, 288 Alarming iiidications 253 Alaska, when acquired 33 Allegiance of people, how shown 200 Almy and Brown, cotton factory of 51 Ambassadors for Christ, lash and sword poor 246 Amendment, appeal to Constitution cut off by 257 called for 301 Champlain Journal on 256 effect of on State constitutions 257, 258 Janesville Gazette on 256 Littlejohn on 263 movement, real issue in 257 opposition to 243 people deceived into accepting 249 Pittsburg Commercial on 215 why called for 257 American Academy of Fine Arts 68 Bible Society, when organized 107 Company of Booksellers 72 Daily Advertiser, the first daily paper... 75 independence, Lord Chatham on no Sabbath Union allied to National Re- ligious Association 299 Traveler on immigration 91 America a subject of prophecy 27, 294 freedom sought in 3~ nature's plan for 83 place of in centuries 108 rise of 3 ' the mission of lOQ to be the fifth empire . 26 why settled by the English no Page. Anarchy strikes its first blow 309 effect of dealing with symptoms only. ... 312 how to prevent 312 to come in the United States 172 Anderson, Alexander, the engraver 68 W. W., on the United States a Christian nation 246, 247 Anti-Sunday movements, sympathy with... 254 Apostasy a sign of the end 298 creeds the beginning of igi foretold by Paul 207 national 298 of Protestant Church, Chas. Beecher on. 191 Appeal to national Constitution shut off by amendment 257 Arizona, when acquired 33 Arkansas, exemption clause repealed in. . . . 279. 280, 303 persecutions in 279, 304 Sunday law repealed in 285 Arkwright, invention of 51 Arnot on coast line of England 112 Arnoux, Judge, injunction granted by 240 Arrest of J. \V. Scoles and others in Fay- etteville. Ark 280 Arrests of Seventh-day keepers 304, 306 Arts and sciences, increase of knowledge in 67, 178 Arts of Design 68 Assassination of President McKinley 309 Asylums 76 Austria, Sunday movement in 237 territory lost by 34 Automobile 291,293 Babylon, symbols of 121 territory of 122, 135 Bacchus, mark of 198 Bacon, amount of exported from United States 50 Baltimore, first locomotive built in 37, 38 Banking 67 Bank of North America established in 1781 . 67 Banks, increase of 67 Barley, annual yield of 46 Bear of Daniel 7 119 Beast, nondescript, of Daniel 7 119 Beast, scarlet-colored, of Revelation 17 .... 120 3i4 GENERAL INDEX Beast, two-horned, acts of 159 a dragon at heart 165 appearance of 159 application of 122, 123 a republic 1S9 a symbol of the United States 212, 295 a persecuting power 174 claimed to represent England, France, etc 135 distinct from papal beast 133 eight specifications concerning 164 exercises power of leopard beast 137 how represented 195 John saw " coming up " 144, 148 location of 136 of Revelation 13 120, 124, 132 manner of rise 151, 158 miracles of 174 not a phase of papacy 174 peaceful rise of 152 same as " false prophet " 179 territory of 136 time of rise of 141, 14s victory over 1 24 what was the power of 1 74 when existence of ceases 173 works with the last generation 146, 147 worship of first beast enforced by 145 Beasts, when existence of ceases 173 Beecher, Charles, on apostasy of the Protes- tant Church 191 on evils in the churches 168 Berkeley, Bishop, on the progress of empire 136 Dr., prediction of 26 Berthier enters Rome 131 takes pope prisoner 131, i43* Beverly, Mass., first cotton-mill at 51 Bible the reading-book 68 Bingham, Hon. J. A 161 Bishop of St. Asaph, prediction of 26 Blair, Sunday-rest bill of 300 Blanchard, Judge, decision of 233 Blasphemy of papacy 130 Blast furnaces 55 Boats, submarine 288 Boston, growth of population in 34 Boston Herald on Mormons and Jews 232 Brazil, territory of 21 Breckenridge supports Sunday-rest bill.... 302 British and Foreign Bible Society, when or- ganized 107 Brown University 68 Browne, Sir Thomas, prediction of ..... .22, 26 Brunot, Hon. Felix R 218 on national religion 225 Bryant's History of the United States on first locomotive 38 Buckwheat, annual yield of 46 Buffalo, N. Y., scene of President Mc-Kin- ley's assassination 309 Burke, Edmund, on education 71 Burke, on the Revolution 153 speech of conciliation by 103 Burnaby, prediction of 22 Bush, George, on interpretation of verbs of action 266 Business, Sunday law would interfere with. 250 Cable, submarine 84 Calico, printing of begun 52 California, gold discovered in 62 Sunday law repealed in 304 Sunday question in election in 235 when acquired 33 Campbell, A., on Protestant sects 207 Canada, Pacific railroad in 84 Canals in the United States 64 Capitol at Washington 84 Carding-machine invented 52 Catechism, quotation from on Sabbath 203 Catholic Church, Protestant branch of. .252, 253 never changes 250, 252 result of control of in United States. . . . 252 Catholics, position of in regard to Sunday laws 250, 253 Catholicism, change of Protestants toward. 251 Cattle, number of in United States 50, 80 Centennial History, quotation from 42 Ceracchi, the sculptor 68 Challenge to Protestants of Ireland 205 Champlain Journal on the amendment 256 Charcoal $6 Character of little horn 129 Chatham, Lord, on American independence, no Chester Chronicle 236 Chicago as a grain and lumber market 84 education in n7 Express on the church as a political ma- chine 245 Express on the lack of vital religion 245 growth of population in 34 water supply of 84 China 138 Christ, advent of expected 126 Rome seeks to destroy 126 Christian Advocate and Journal, on Sunday observance 234 Christian at Work, on Sunday trains 232 Christian Church, Protestants and Catholics constitute 253 Christian Citizenship "League 304 allied to National Reform Association . . 300 Christian Endeavor Society allied to Na- tional Reform Association 300 Endeavor movement, strength of 304 Sabbath established by Congress 302 Scientists, activity of 171 Christian Statesman, object of 215 on Lord's Day Rest Association 237 on Seventh-day Adventists 223 Christian World welcomes Catholics as al- lies 250 GENERAL INDEX 315 Christianity popular 213 Christians, making by pen or vote 248 Chronology of little horn 128 of two-horned beast 146, 147, 157 Church and State, object of 215 Church and State, National Reform Asso- ciation claims no intention to unite... 217 union of 211, 212, 299 U. S. Grant on union of 104, 244 Church, a prophecy of 125, 126 free from papal errors 209 of God to be persecuted in the United States 165 sins of last given by Paul 191 to rule 228 victorious 125 when in a pure state 125 woman a symbol of 125 Churches, bases of co-operation among 190 condition of the 193 God's children called out of the 193 Holy Spirit withdrawn from 193 of Rochester, worldliness in 19^ pure and corrupt, how symbolized 125 true Christians soon to leave 192 union ot 213 Civil power, when Church clamors for. ... 193 service abuses 167 Coal, amount of in American mines 62, 83 discovered in Pennsylvania 62 for smelting 56 near Pittsburg 113 United States sends to Europe 291 Coast line of America 112 of England 112 Coin weighing and counting machine 288 Colleges in the United States in 190 1 68 Colonies the direct offspring of persecution in Old World 103 population of 32 Columbia College 68 Columbian Exposition, Sunday closing of. . 302 Columbus, discovery o America greatest event in history 22 Commerce, domestic 63 growth of 63 interstate 63 Common schools, teaching in 68 Competition, South America and Europe apprehensive over 291 Conflict, a second irrepressible 246 Congress, religious measures pressed upon. 301 Sabbath established by 302 Sunday petitions to 301 Congressmen accused of Sunday desecra- tion 230 Conscience, oppression of 242 rights of recognized loi Constantine changes seat of government from Rome to Constantinople 127 Constantine, Christians paganized by 245 Constantinople, Constantine changed seat of empire to 127 Constitutional amendment, history of the. . 216 object of 230 plea for 214 Constitution already Christian 238 cannot become infidel 221 how interpreted in 1830 100 design of 99 most sacred political document in world. . 105 name of God in 256 noble provisions in 161 religion in loi, 102 repudiated 298 Washington on the 99, loi when framed 33 Constitutions of States, name of God in. . . . 257 Continuance of little horn 129 Conventions of National Reform Associa- tion, list of 216 Cooper, Peter, locomotive built by 38 Copper discovered by Jesuits 61 mining 57, 60 Copley, J. S., artist 68 Corn crop for 1 90 1 80 Cosmopolitan, on late inventions 291 Cotton, annual yield of 46 cloth factory 51 culture, growth of 46 manuf*acture of begun in United States. . 51 seized in Liverpool 46 Cotton-gin, when invented 46 Cotton-mills, number of 37, 51 Co.xe, Bishop, on national Christianity.... 238 Cragin, Hon. A. H., on the Republic loi Creator the Author of the Decalogue 208 Creeds, fatal mistake in adopting 191 Croly on the loss of power by the papacy. . . 144 Crompton, invention of 51 Crookes's tubes 293 Cuba 138 Czolgosz, the murderer of President jMc- Kinley 309 Dakota State Record 253 D'Aranda, Count, prediction of 25 Dartmouth College 68 D'Aubigne on the condition of the world. . . 167 Dead, conscious state of, a point of unity among churches 190 state of 183 Death caused by persecutions in the United States 304, 306 penalty, God's people to be saved from.. 269 Decalogue, Author of shown by fourth com- mandment 207 changes made in by Catholics 202 Declaration of Independence, discarded. . . 299 meaning of 99 3i6 GENERAL INDEX Declaration of Independence, rights secured by i6i when made 32, 33 Defense, seventh-day keepers must make their own 241 Dc Girardin, Emile, on the progress of the United States 37 Democrats and Republicans, issue between in California in 1882 236 Denmark, territory lost by 34 Denominations, increase in membership of, 76 unity among 269 DeTocqueville, on separation from England 27 on the use of religion 104 Detroit Evening Neivs, on fraud in high places 168 Devil, great wrath of 182 Doctrinal Catechism, quotation from 205 Dragon, city of Rome the seat of 127 how to identify 126 of Revelation 12 120, 124, 126, 134 red, the standard of Roman army 126 two-horned beast speaks as a 165, 296 voice to be heard 163 why applied to Satan 127 Dublin Nation, on rise of United States, 31, 154 Dubuque, a lead miner 61 Duncan, Rev. John M 171 Durbin, Dr., on duty of State to enforce Sunday rest 234 Dutch wool-wheel 51 Earth, meaning of in prophecy 136 two-horned beast arises from 152 Ecclesiastical organization, what it may do. 193 Edmunds, Judge, on number of Spiritual- ists 185 Education, College for young women 71 . in Chicago 117 of United States compared with that of England 117 progress in 68 Effect on world of President McKinley's assassination 310. 3ii Elect not to be deceived by false prophet, 181, 187 Election, Sunday main issue in California State 235 Elections in our large cities decided by Catholics 168 Electric light 41 in lighthouses 83 Elijah's test between Jehovah and Baal. . . . 186 Elliott, Chas., on case of Jews 234 Ellicott's Mills, railroad to 38 Empire, transfer of seat of to America pre- dicted 26 westward the course of 26, 136, 137 End of world, evidences of 189, 197, 273 Engineering feats 4' England judicially blinded no England, Sunday rest in 237 Townsend on separation from 27 Equality recognized in the Constitution. ... 99 Erie Canal 64 Europe, changes in from 1817-1867 34 Evangelizer, the United States the great.. 109 Evarts, Hon. Wm. M., quotes Burke 153 Everett, Edward, on exiles to America.... 154 on growth of the United States 96 Examiner and Chronicle, change of tone in, on Sunday observance 248 Exemption clause repealed in Arkansas 279, 280, 304 taking advantage of 263 Experiment at free government 109 Exports from United States in 1870 and 1900 63 of colonists 63 to Great Britain 63 Expressions about rise of the United States compared 154 Faber on the ten kingdoms 136 Farm animals, number of in the United States so products, amount sent to other nations in 1900 291 Farming, association for improving 44 Fawcett, Waldon, on copper mining 57, 60 Fines paid in Arkansas 283 served out in Tennessee 283 Flaxseed, annual yield of 46 Florida, when acquired Z2 Fly in ointment 30S Forehead, receiving the mark of the beast in, 270 Foreign countries, Sunday agitation in 236 Foreigners and Sunday legislation 238 Forests, commissions for preservation of.. 80 results of removing 80 Form of godliness in churches 191, 192 Foss, Cyrus D., on the model Republic 107 on liberty 162 Foster, Bishop, on lack of vital religion. . . . 245 on union of Church and State 245 Rev. J. M., on Providence in the estab- lishment of the U. S 27 France, political changes in 105, 106 population of compared to United States, 21 Sunday movement in 237 territory annexed by from 181 7 to 1867. . 34 Frankfurter Zeitung on prosperity of the United States 290 Franklin as postmaster-general 76 printing-press of 75 tamed the lightning 178 Fraud in high places 168 Freedom sought in America 32 Free-love in the United States 171 French Senator proved that Saturday is the Sabbath 233 GENERAL INDEX 317 Friday the Mohammedan Sabbath 284 Fruit culture 49 Fulton, S., on public sentiment on Sunday legislation -82 Galiani, prediction of 25 Garfield, assassination of 311 George, Dr. H. H., speech of 301 Germany, Sunday movement in 237 Gibbons, Cardinal, favors Sunday legisla- tion 300 Golden Gate 20 Gold in the United States 83 production 61 where discovered 62 Goths, overthrow of 131 Government, condition of in 1789 33 of United States, stability of 105 popular, the ideal 1 1 1 territorial growth of 33 Governments, twenty-one disappeared be- tween 1817 and 1867 34 Grant, Gen. U. S., on Church and State. . 104 on impending struggle 244 Grass, timothy and orchard, when intro- duced 46 Great Britain and colonies, trade between. . 63 controversy, on union between Protes- tants and Catholics 298 Grecia, symbols of 121 Greece, territory of 122, 135 Gun, the great 289 Hales, Dr., on the ten kingdoms 136 Hamilton, Alexander, report of on manu- factures 52 Hand, receiving mark of beast in 270 Hargreaves, invention of 51 Harrison, President, signs the Sunday bill. 302 Frederic, impressions of America 114 Hartford, first woolen mill at 52 Hartley, David, prediction of 25 Harvesting one hundred years ago 45 Harvard College 68 Havens, on the American Catholic Church. 194 Hawley, Senator, Sunday bill favored by.. 302 Hay, annual yield of 46 yield of in 1901 83 Heating, economical methods in 293 He-goat of Daniel 8 120 Hemans, Mrs., quotation from no Herbert, George, prediction of 26 Hercules, the United States a 109 Heresy, Protestants to punish for 190 History of the United States, main features of 21 Hoe cylinder press, when invented 75 Hoisting engines, power of 59 Holiday, Sunday as a national 283 Holidays, the State a right to select 283 Horn of Daniel 8, the little 120 Horns, meaning of in prophecy 159, 160 of lamb, significance of 161 what they may represent 162 Horses as a motive power on railroads.... 37 imported from Europe 50 number of in the United States 50, 80 Horticultural Society, the first 49 Howe, Elias, inventor of the sewing-machine, 61 Huguenots 104 Hyacinthe, Pere, on the bank, church, and school 104 Illinois, Sunday movement in 236 Image, acts of the 196 compelling obedience to 270 how made 193 movement for 215 not a State church 265 not the United States government 196 of Daniel 2 iig people to make 188, 189 victory over 124 what will constitute 189 what would be an 229 worship of enforced 196 Immigration, cause of large 102 growth of 67 increase of between 1830 and 1901 91 Immigrants, number of between 1789 and 1901 67 wealth of 92 Immortality of soul a point of union be- tween churches 190 Imports from Great Britain 63 to United States in 1870 and 1899 63 Improvements in one hundred years 177 Incubator, baby 291 Independence, when declared 20, 33 Independent, on case of Jews in New York City 240 on history of the United States 95 of inconsistency of the National Reform movement 226 on Sunday-keeping in Europe 236 Index, extracts from 219, 222 India, territory annexed by 34 viceroy of forbids official work on Sun- day 237 Indiana, population of 114 Sunday movement in 236 Indian corn, annual yield of 46 Indians, trouble with no Industrial growth of the United States.... 37 Infidelity in the United States 171 Injunction granted by Judge Arnoux 240 Insurance 67 International correspondence schools 72 International Sabbath Association 237 3i8 GENERAL INDEX Inter-Occan, report of Dr. Swing's lecture on Sunday observance 237 Inventions of the nineteenth century. .286, 287 since Columbian Exposition 291 Irish flax-wheel 5 ' Iron implements not allowed to be made in the colonies 55 industry, history of 55 in Missouri 1 1 3 in the United States 83 manufacture discouraged by England... 55 tons of mined 83 when first manufactured in the United States 55 where found 5 5 Israel, a king given to 1 1 1 Jackson, Tenn., trial of Sabbath-keepers in, 282 Jail, death caused by confinement in 304 Sabbath-keepers in 283, 304 Jamestown, settlement at 3~ Janesville Gazette, on amendment 256 Jefferson, on religion in the Constitution.. loi Jesuits, copper discovered by 61 Jewish Church crucified Christ i93 Jews a fragment of people 241 in Little Rock, Ark., case against 280 in New York City, injunction granted to, 240 must obey laws or leave 241 rights of ^34 the case of ^3^ Johnson, Dr 26 Justinian, decree of 127, 189 Kerr, speech of at Pittsburg 224 Keiffer, Dr., on National Reform move- ment 221 King given to Israel 1 1 1 Kingdoms, names of ten 136 Kings, divine right of an exploded fancy. . iii Knowledge, increase of ^77 Laboulaye, Edouard, on political changes in France io5 Lake Superior copper mines 59 La Libert e, on progress of America 31 Lamb, the two-horned beast like a 159 Lansing State Republican, on Cincinnati convention 229 Lawlessness in religion 192 Law, intentional changes in 203, 206 nature of change in 207 papacy to think to change 198 seal of the moral 208 Laws, right of State to make 261 the two 200 Lead, where found in United States 61 League for Social Service allied to National Reform Association 300 Legislation, religious, required 228 Leopard and two-horned beast contemporary 173 Leopard beast, captivity of 141 given seat and power of dragon 127, 135 manner of rise 134 of Daniel 7 119 of Revelation 13, points of identity with little horn 128-130, 134 of Daniel 7 and Revelation 18 compared. 128 of Revelation 13 120, 124, 126, 128 wounding of head of 141, 142 Liberalism, defense of 247 Liberalists, conventions of 244 demands of 243 Liberty, civil and religious, guaranteed by Constitution 99, loi, 161 religious, where imbibed 104 Libraries, school 71 Licentiousness, land to be full of 166 Lie, the old Philadelphia 256, 298 Lighthouses, electric light in 83 Lincoln, assassination of 311 on the Constitution of the United States. 103 Lion of Daniel 7 119 Litch, Elder Josiah, on time of two-horned beast 145 Literature in early days 72 Littlejohn, on the amendment 263 Little Rock, case against Jews in 280 Liverpool, Sunday-closing meeting in 237 Live stock, improvements in 49 Location of little horn 129 of two-horned beast 136 Lockhart, \V. L., challenge to Protestants of Ireland 205 Locomotive, the first 64 Locusts of Revelation 9 120 Lord's Day Rest Association, Christian Statesman on 237 Louisiana, when acquired 33 Louisville, Ky., Sunday-rest mass-meeting in 240 Lowell, Mass., how founded Si Lumber industry 79 manufactories, number of 79 trade, centers of 79 where found in the United States 79 Luther, Martin, America discovered before time of 32 Machiavelli on ten kingdoms 136 Macmillan & Co., on changes in Europe. ... 33 Madison, on religion in the Constitution... 102 Magazines, demand for 75 Mail, amount of handled by United States. 79 Manufactures in the United States sup- pressed by Great Britain 51 Man-child appears 126 Mark of Bacchus 198 of Ptolemy Philopater 198 Mark of beast, by whom enforced 196 did reformers have the 209 GENERAL INDEX 319 Mark of Beast, how received movement for enforcing must be received intelligently not literal United States government causes men to receive what constitutes 197, 198, 202, when received who has the 208, victory over the significance of a Marriage, position of Spiritualists on Martin Luther, America discovered before time of . . . , Martyn 32, Massachusetts, cotton-mill in leader in cloth manufacture Mayflower lands at Plymouth Rock McAllister, Rev. D McKinley, assassination of McMillan, W. H., the Christian Endeavor- ers in politics Medo-Persia, symbols of territory of 122, Megaphone Merino sheep, when introduced Message, the third angel's 196, 197, burden of object of time of what it is Mexico, territory lost by Michigan, copper in Microphone, the Middlesex Canal Mining industry Minister, Great Britain sends to United States Ministry soothing people Minnesota, acres of cultivated land in.... population of Minority, disadvantage of being in the. . . . Miracle, false, what it is of Napoleon of United States growth Miracles of Spiritualism of the two-horned beast real, wrought by the false prophet .. 180, true and false wrought by devils wrought to deceive 179, Missionaries, American, standing of Mississippi River, lead ore on the Mitchell, testimony of Model government. United States the.. 107, Mohammedan Sabbath, Friday the Money, Englishmen investing on the United States Moon in Revelation 12 symbol of Mosaic dispensation 270 215 209 i»9 208 209 209 124 198 225 32 154 51 55 32 304 121 135 41 50 306 146 209 146 146 34 58 41 64 61 63 168 114 114 242 i8o 181 31 184 174 181 180 180 181 106 61 32 109 114 125 Montana, copper in 58 Moral law, Webster's definition of 202 Moravians, German 104 Mormons, the case of 232 Morse, Sunday-rest bill supported by 302 Mosaic dispensation, moon a symbol of . . . . 125 Mowing-machine 38 Mules on farms 50 Municipal corruption 167 Nahum, prophecy of 177 Napoleon, pretended miracle of 181 Nation (Washington) on civil service abuses 167 National Academy of Design 68 National bank in Philadelphia, when estab- lished 6y National Prohibition Party allied to Na- tional Reform Association 301 National Reform Association, activity of . . . 303 addresses government 301 allies of 299 auxiliary associations of 214, 217 constitution, second article of 243 conventions of 215^ 216 eminent men in 214 growth of 218 history of 215 inconsistency of 223 incorporation of 219 influence of 297 object of 213 offices of 219 recommendations adopted by 217 victory for 302 National religion. Professor Brunot on.... 225 ruin, apostasy means 306 National Religious movement, activity of.. 228 churches pledged to 229 magnitude of 228 inconsistency of 226 innocent attitude of 256 preliminary to downfall of nation 221 place of Sunday in 231 real policy of 231 rise of 297 success of 228 Nations decaying 19 Nautical fields, improvements in 83 Nebuchadnezzar's humiliation 129 Negroes, schools for 71 Netherlands, territory lost by 34 New England, birth of 32 New England Sabbath Protective League allied to National Reform Association. 300 Newspapers 75 Newton, Bishop, on mark of allegiance. . 197, 198 on ten kingdoms 136 New York, growth of population in 34 Sabbath Committee 213 120 GENERAL INDEX New York Sabbath Committee allied to Na- tional Reform Association 300 Sunday question in 236 Number of beast 270 victory over 273 Nunez, Fernando 1 94 Oats, annual yield of 46 Office, religion a test for 230 using dishonest means to obtain 167 Oglethorpe's colony 104 Ohio, Sunday movement in 236 Oregon, when settled 33 Outlaws, why people of God will be con- sidered 1 96 Overthrow of little horn 130 Pacific, influence of the United States in. . . 92 Pacific Railway as a transportation agent from Asia and Europe 87 Pamphlets, common before newspapers came in 72 Pan-American Exposition, great gun at.... 290 Papacy allied to National Reform Associ- ation 299 changes human laws at will 199 character of 130, 198, 199 continuance of 131 how designated in Revelation 195 how it can exalt itself above God 199 image of 189, 190 invested with power 127 mark of 196 number of 273 presumption of 199 restored in 1800 144 Rome given to 127 symbols of 121, 128, 130 United States causes men to worship. . . . 189 what constitutes 189, 190 Papal head wounded i43 Paper, amount of manufactured 61 manufacture of 60 Parvenue of the West 19. 3i Patent Record, account of air-ship in 288 on ocean telephony 4' Patterson, speech of at Pittsburg 223 Paul, apostasy foretold by 207 Peale, C. W., artist 68 Penn, free colony of 104 People, condition of in last days 166 of God delivered 307 Periodicals, number of in United States... 76 Perrier, saying of 109 Persecuting powers 1C5, 174 Persecution, all must suffer 166 inevitable from prophecy 172 in the United States, probabilities of 172 organized '66 period of in the United States 265 Vv-hat constitutes 242 Persecutions by papacy 130 death caused by 304 in Arkansas 279, 304 in Europe a training school for independ- ence of U. S. 103 Peto, Sir Morton 113 Petroleum, yield of in 1862 114 gallons of 83 Philadelphia convention of 1875 219 lie, the old 258, 298 Press on Sunday desecration by Con- gressmen 230 resolutions concerning Sabbath-breaking in 230 Philippines 43 Phonograph, the 41 Photography, long distance 41 Photographic electricity 293 Pig-iron made for England 55 Pilgrim Fathers guided by God 28 inviting lovers of liberty to America 20 Pittsburg convention, account of the... 217, 221 Commercial, on the amendment 215 Plant, the United States springs up as a. . . 153 Plow, first patent for 45 Plymouth Rock 20 Political corruption 167 duties of Christians 213 Politics, Christian Endeavorers in 304 religion in 213, 304 Sunday question in 235 Polygamy and Sabbath-breaking, no parallel between 233 right of State to legislate against 262 Pope, claims to have changed the Sabbath. . 206 how he can exalt himself above God 199 made head of the churches 127 taken prisoner 131, i43 Popery, influence of in the United States. . 168 in the nineteenth century 168 relics of 207 Popularity of Christianity 213 Population, growth of by immigration 67 growth of the United States in 34 of Chicago 34 of the United States 20, 43 Porto Rico 33. 138 Postal service 76 Post-offices, number of in the United States 79 opening of on Sunday, memorials against in 1830 100 Potatoes, annual yield of 46 Pownal, Governor, on the United States. . . 27 prediction of 25 Predictions of greatness for United States 22 Presumption of the papacy i99 Principle, lack of moral 168 Principles of the United States government 162 Printing, America discovered just after in- vention of 11 GENERAL INDEX 321 Printing established in Pa. and N. Y of calico Prophecy accepted by faith a question of in what conditions nations are noticed in of Revelation 12, extent of of Revelation 12 to 14:5 located lines of in Revelation the United States noticed in 118, Prophet, the false 133, Protestant branch of the Catholic Church. . Church one horn of beast, position re- futed churches, evils in churches, union of rule of faith sects, A. Campbell on Protestantism in the United States Protestants and Catholics, union of. . . .211, and Catholics, points in common with. . . . and Spiritualists, union of change of toward Catholics friendliness of toward Catholics. .. .251, Proudhon, M., on Sunday rest Providence, conspicuous in the history of the United States . guiding this nation Providence, R. I., cotton factory estab- lished in Prussia, territory annexed by from 181 7 to 1867 Ptolemy Philopater, mark of Public opinion, change in 247, schools Publishing work 84 52 212 27 119 124 125 123 294 147 252 190 168 207 162 298 190 298 251 253 118 51 34 198 248 71 72 Quakers coming to the United States 104 Quay, Senator, the Sunday bill favored by. 302 Quotations from Catholic works 203-205 Railroad, the first zi^ ^4 the Pacific 84 Railroads, growth of in the United States . . 38 Railways in the world, length of 286 Ram of Daniel 8 120 Rate of growth in the United States 80 Reading matter, demand for 75 Reaping-machine 38 Rebellion, are we to have another 246 Recapitulation of reasons for the application of two-horned beast 273 Redeemed, company of. Revelation 14 124 when to be translated 147 Red Jacket copper mine 59 Reflections, closing 293 Reformation awoke the nations z- Reform Bureau allied to the National Re- form Association 300 Reforms, position of Seventh-day Advent- ists on 25s Religion a test for office 230 lack of vital 245 not to be established by Congress 161 transfer of to America expected 26 when interfered with 284 Religious intolerance in Old World 19 intolerance in 1600 32 liberty, death blow to 297 liberty, safeguards of 255 Republic of the United States, how reared. loi proclaimed in Rome 143 Republicanism in the United States 162 Requirements of God and Satan, opposition between 210 Resources of America 112, 113 Rest, a compulsory 242 Revelation, lines of prophecy in 123 Revenues controlled by Catholics 168 Review and Herald, on feeling toward Sev- enth-day Adventists 233 Review of Revieivs, on Englishmen invest- ing money in the United States 114 Revolution, Burke on the 153 causes of the French 171 close of the 33 not a war of conquest 152 Richland Star against the National Reform Association 246 Rights of man 32 River commerce 64 Rochester, " A Testimony " distributed in. . 192 Roman Republic proclaimed 143 Rome a universal power 126 changes in 134 divided into ten kingdoms 135 given to papacy 127 intentions of in the United States 168 pagan, forms of government under 142 pagan, symbol of 121 pretended miracles of 181 seeks to destroy Christ 126 solicited to join the National Reform Association 300 symbols of 121 territory of 122, 135 Rontgen rays 293 Roosevelt becomes President of the United States 311 his policy 311 Rural mail delivery 79 Russia and the United States compared. .21, 31 population of 31 territory annexed by from 1817 to 1867. . 34 Rutgers College 68 Ryan, S. V., circular concerning the Lord's day 250 Rye, annual yield of 46 Sabbath, a civil institution 238 all days kept as 284 322 GENERAL INDEX Sabbath always a religious institvition. . . . 239 a point of unity among churches 190 change of 200 committees in cities of the United States. 237 crucified between two thieves 2S4 for good of society 263 not a religious institution -4° not changed by Christ 206 quotation from Cathchism on 203 reform on 209 reform, how to secure 25s State no right to legislate on 262 Sabbath Sentinel referred to by a Chicago editor 245 Sacramento, scene in when Sunday plat- form was read 236 Sacred days, only three 284 San Francisco, growth of population in. . . . 37 Sanitary measure, Sunday-rest a 238 Santos-Dumont, M., inventor of air-ship... 288 Saracens and Turks, symbols of 121 Sardinia, territory annexed by from T817 to 1867 34 Saturday the Sabbath proved by French senator 237 School libraries 7 1 Schools, free 7i for negroes 7 1 religion to be taught in 301 special 7 ' teaching in common 68 Sciences, progress in 67 Scientific American, on copper mining 57 on the Pacific Railroad 87 Scoles, J. W., arrest of for Sunday labor. . 280 case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States 284 Scott, on the ten kingdoms 136 Sea, leopard arises out of '34 meaning of in prophecy 136, 151 of glass, where situated 1-24 what beasts arose out of 151 Seal of God's law 208 Seed, the United States grows as a i53. 296 Self-governing powers, the United States at the head of 21 Self-government, God saved America for.. 112 Senators, boasts of 303 weak points of 303 Septuagint, on " The law " i99 Settlement of America, why delayed 108 Settlements, early 32 Seventh-day Adventists, case of 223, 233 classed with law breakers 254 feeling toward 233 position of defined 254 Seventh-day keepers in jail 283, 304 provision for in New York penal code. . . 240 trial of in Tennessee 282 Sewing-machine • 38 Sewing-machine, when invented 61 Sheep husbandry 50 in the United States, number of 80 Ships, tonnage of American 63 Sign of the times 312 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, portraits of 275-278 Signature of the Lawgiver in the fourth commandment 207 Signs of the Times, on the feeling toward Seventh-day Adventists 233 Silence of the United States' rise 32 Sin, a fearful 197 Slavery hateful 102 Slaves, molasses exchanged for 63 Slater, Samuel 51 Smart, Rev. J. S., on political duties of Christians 213 Smith, Adam, prediction of 25 Socialists on Sunday observance 237 Society, Sabbath for the good of 263 why unsafe 312 Soil, products of the 44, 45 Song of the redeemed 1 24 Son of man, evidences of the coming of . . . 294 South America, anxiety over prosperity of United States 291 South Carolina Agricultural Society 44 Spanish and United States ships compared. 290 American war 43 influence of •n America 138 war, territory acquired by 33 Speaking of a government, what it is 165 Spelling-book, demand for Webster's yz Spirits, blasphemy of 183 character of 183 claim to be friends 183 Spiritualism, assuming the Christian garb. . 186 influence of 212 in high places 186 marks of 183 miracles of 184 origin of 185 spread of 185, 186 Spiritualists, activity of 171 number of 185 position of on marriage 225 Stamp Act no Stars in Revelation 12, symbols of twelve apostles 125 St. Asaph, prediction of Bishop of 26 States, the thirteen original 33 uniting peaceably 32 Statesman's Year Book, statement from. . . 33 Steamboats 56 Steel rails 83 when first manufactured in United States 55 Stevenson, Rev. T. P 218 speech of at Pittsburg 224 St. Louis convention, report of 218 GENERAL INDEX 323 St. Peter's the sanctuary of papacy 130 Submarine boat 291 Sugar, annual production of 46 Sunday, a civil institution 238 a religious institution 284 authority for 251, 253 desecration, Congressmen accused of.... 230 keeping is mark of beast 208 law, enforcing obedience to 270 law, infidels, etc., to favor 269 law, opposition to 250 law repealed in Arkansas 285 laws, position of Catholics on 250, 253 League of America allied to National Re- form Association 300 legislation, public sentiment on in Ten- nessee 282 legislation favored by Cardinal Gibbons. . 300 movement in different countries 236, 237 not a religious institution 238 observance. Dr. Swing on 237 James White on 230 question 195-197 reform, kind of men engaged in 213 rest a sanitary measure 238 Sabbath to be supported by law 211 trains. Christian at Work on 232 trains, mails, etc., attack on 301 why always selected for rest-day 262 Supreme Court decisions 282, 283 Swine, increase of 50, 80 Swing, David, on Sunday observance 237 Switzerland, Sunday movement in 237 Symbol of the United States ....212, 295 Symbols of Babylon 121 of governments examined 119 of Revelation 9, 12, 13, 17 explained.... 121 of Rome, religion determined 134 of true and corrupt churches 125 where found 119 Talleyrand, on Europe watching America.. 138 Talking around the world 41 Teachers, efforts for training of 71 Telegraph annihilates space 138 number of miles of 38 the first line of 64 when invented 38 Telegraphy, wireless 288, 291 Telepathy 41 Telephone, number of miles in operation. . . 38 ocean 41. 291 when invented 38 Temperance, position of Seventh-day Ad- ventists on 254 Temperature of the United States the best. . 112 Ten kingdoms i35. 136 Tennessee, persecution in 279 prosecutions in 282, 304 Sunday law still in force in 285 Territory ceded to the United States 33 growth of the United States in 33 lost by different countries 34 of Babylon 122, 135 of the United States 20, 43, 136 Testimony, A, distributed in Rochester, N- Y ,93 for the Church, quotation from 298 Test for office, religion not to be a 162 religion made a 230 Test, the last on the world i^g Texas, when admitted to the Union 33 Thompson, on constitution-making 105 on political changes in France 106 on religious element in the United States 103 J. P., on the peaceful rise of the United States J c, on the Declaration of Independence 258 on immigration gj R. VV., on foreigners and Sunday legis- lation 238 on Sabbath observance 239 Thought transferrence 293 Threatening against image worshipers 210 Thrashing-machine .c Time, one year is a 129 seventh-day observers lose one-sixth of. . 24 1 , 262, 282 Tobacco, annual yield of ^5 Torquemada 1^4 Townsend, on America a magnet 102 on Church and State 215 on Europe watching America 138 on the growth of the United States 96 on the influence of the United States. ... 88 on the rise of the United States from vacancy 153 on the United States a separate power. . . 27 Trades Unions in the United States, activity of 171 Transportation by steam, when begun 64 Travel one hundred years ago 286 Treaty with Great Britain 33 Trefren, Rev., on Seventh-day Adventist ministers 233 Trick to get supporters to Sunday bill.... 302 Tuesday as a rest-day 262 Turkey, territory lost by 34 Tyranny, God would not suffer in the United States 108 religious 215 Union of Church and State, Blanchard's definition of 225 United Christian party, platform of 305 United States, age of 161 a subject of prophecy 148 God's purpose for 109 government, character of 161 committed to Sunday Sabbath 302 324 GENERAL INDEX United States government, lamblike char- acter of i6i growth of 296 increase of territory of 32 influence of on other nations 88 in prophecy 157, 158 peaceful rise of 152 population of 43 position of in the world 117 richest nation in the world 166 sudden rise of 19 square dealing of 95 territorial growth of 33, 43 territory annexed by from 181 7 to 1867. . 34 to become a persecuting power 165 to exist till Christ comes i65 twofold character of 295 two-horned beast the symbol of . 148, 154-158 United States Magazine 32 University of Pennsylvania 68 a theological called for in this country. . 303 Vassar College 71 Verbs of action, how interpreted 266, 269 Vicarius Filii Dei 270, 273 Victory over beast, image, and mark 124, 147, 266 Violence, land to be full of 166 Vision of Daniel 7 119 Visions of Daniel 2 and 8 explained 120 Vorwijrts, on the ascendency of the United States 290 Waggoner, J. II., on Pittsburg convention 217, 223 Walker, J. Brisben, on late inventions 291 Judge, in defense of Seventh-day Ad- ventists 281 Governor, on gold and silver mines 113 War of 1812 not one of conquest 152 Wars of conquest, what governments arose by 151 Warning now going to world 273 Washington, on religion in the Constitution loi on the Constitution 99 the patron saint of the Republic 102 Water supply of Chicago 84 Wealth, result of 166 Webster, Daniel, on agriculture S' Webster's spelling-book 68 Wells, J. C 218 Wesley not a foe to independence no on rise of two-horned beast 146 Western hemisphere, when discovered 32 West Indies and colonies, trade between. . . 63 Westminster Abbey, Catholics allowed in.. 252 Westward the course of empire 26, 136, 137 What makes a nation great 114 Wheat, annual yield of 46, 83 in 1850 113 White, Rev. James, on Sunday observance. 230 Whitney, Eli, inventor of cotton-gin 46 Whittemore, Asa 52 Wilcox, first manufacturer of writing paper 60 Will of God, how indicated to a nation. ... 109 William and Mary College 68 Winds, meaning of in prophecy 151 Witnesses against Seventh-day Adventists, examination of 280, 281 Woman of Revelation 12 125 symbol of a church 125 Woman's Christian Temperance Union allied to the National Reform Asso- ciation 299, 3'3i Woman's National Sabbath Alliance allied to National Reform Association 300 Women, college education for 71 Wool, amount of 37 Woolen goods, manufacture of 52 mills, increase of 52 Woolens, value of in 1865 55 Workingman, rights of 235 Workingman's Lord's Day Rest Associa- tion 237 Work of little horn 129 World Almanac, on preservation of forests 80 World, New York, on submarine boats. ... 291 World's Fair, Congressional appropriation to 302 Sunday closing of 302 World-power, the United States a 19 Worshipers, how distinguished 200 Worship of beast and image, wrath of God for 146 of first beast i45 Wound of papal head healed 144 Wounding of papal head, date of 143 Wrath of God threatened for what. . . . 196, 197 Writing paper, when first made 60 X-rays 291 Yale College 68 Zeppelin's air-ship 4I7 42 Zollner, Professor, on the wonders of Spirit- ualism 184 Looking Unto Jesus, or Christ in Type and Antitype By ELDER URIAH SMITH /■y^ HE author shows the importance of looking to L\, Jesus from every point of view as revealed by ^'' the Word of God, and that through every vista, Jesus can be seen as the Saviour of Man. The subject of the Sanctuary and its service is exhaust- ively treated, showing the relation of the typical service to the ministry of our Saviour in the courts of Heaven. As from its inception we trace the ser- vice of the earthly sanctuary to its culmination in tlie death of Christ, and are now watting for the completion of the work in the heavenly temple, this c|uestion should be one to thrill every heart with living interest in the work now being performed by our High Priest. Looking Uato Jesus will be of untold value to every individual in search of light on the Sanctuary question. Plain Edition, Bound in Buclcram. Cover Design in Four Colors, Plain Edges, $1.00. Presentation Edition, Back: and Cover Design Stamped in Gilt, Full Gilt Edges, $1.50. R^eview aci\d HeraLld Pviblishing Co., Batttle Creek, MicKiga.n. BIBLE TEXT-BOOK. By ELDER O. A. JOHNSON. This work contains all the principal texts in the Bible pertaining to each of the forty-nine topics treated ; five charts treating on the Sabbath Ordinances and Feasts of Israel ; The Ancient Weeks, Seven Seals, and the Millennium ; a table of contents and general index of subjects, together with valuable quotations from leading histo- rians. 208 pages ; size — convenient for carrying in the pocket. Cloth 30 Cents. Leather, flexible 50 Cents. REVIEW AND HERALD PUB. CO., = = Battle Creek, Hich. HERALDS OF THE MORNING. By ELDER A. O. TAIT. Taking up the marvelous record of the nineteenth century — the wonderful advances in science and art, and the development of natural resources; the prevalence of crime; the perfection of death- dealing instruments of war, and the pent-up anger of nations; together with the disturbed condi- tion of the elements - and points out to the reader the fact that in these are signs that declare the coming of the Son of Man. 109 Illustrations. Number of Pages, 280. Cloth, plain. Cloth, gilt edges, $1.25. 1.50. REVIEW 6t HERALD PUB. CO., Battle Creek, Mich. >♦>♦>»»♦»»»««■»«<»«»«»>»«»»»#»« >»«»«»»»>«»«ata>»0 iftUANICL IKEVEIATIOM DANIEL AND THE PEVCLATION 1 I "TKe R.esponse of History to tKe Voice of PropKecy." I By Elder URIAH SMITH. As the events spoken of by the prophets Daniel and John are being fulfilled, and their fulfillment is engaging the attention of the ministering forces of heaven, it is becoming more necessary that these thrilling subjects should be thoro- ughly understood by those watching the trend of the world's progress. In this work, the field of history is carefully scanned, and the emphatic response it gives in confirmation of the voice of prophecy, is shown to be clear and beyond dispute. The book has been carefully revised, and the words of commendation on the following pages are convincing testimon- ials of its worth. 757 P^g^s, illustrated with numerous full-page engravings. 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"It is the best thing I ever saw on the subject." — /. R. Spiegel, Greensburg, Pa, " A book everybody ought to read, especially in these times when the faith of men is so wavering." — Prof. C. O. Nepper, Tiffin, O. Review and Herald Pub* Co* BATTLE CREEK, MICH. Peril of the Republic ...By Percy T. Magan... The argument of this work is founded upon the 1 ; principles of civil and religious liberty. It shows the great danger of republics departing from these principles and following in the footsteps of despotic monarchies. It treats of the mission of the United States, and all the great national and inter- national events now taking place. It will cause the fires of true patriotism to burst forth anew in every breast; it will awaken within all a greater desire for right principles. ...196 PAGES... Handsomely "Bound in "Red Cloth ^l.OO REVIEW & HERALD PUB. CO., Battle Creek, Mich. GREAT NATIONS OF TO-DAY BY ALONZO T. 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