.>-,.....-J >J»>V>/> M W . . > > : T>^>.>;^ )>LJte ^. jr. "X^- < ^j >> ^«^: ^- / ^^ ' "'^^ -^3 r' > >, , ZDO p.- > ) - «*^&»*, ' ' j> . 1J ». >~Si^iii^^S. * > > » ^» >- > ^j ^>> . >:» > >^ >^ ^> > ^B -J ^, > -i l»> > » ^pi^^ .aiKJSMHi^^. t^" i?^^ w<>-^m > > > O" EX LIBRIS Educational Research Library National Institute of Education Washington, D.C. '^r**^ 2 Public Schools. "In June 1830, Mr. Stephen Forbes commenced a school near tlie place now marked by the meeting of Randolph Street and Michigan Avenue. This was on tlie west bank of the Chicago River, which then flowed in a southerly direction, and emptied in the lake near the foot of Madison Street." Mr. Forbes was employed by Mr. J. B. Beaubien previously spoken of, and by Lieut. Hunter, who resigned his commission in 1836 and became a citizen of Chicago, and was afterwards more generally known during the War of the Rebellion as Major General Hunter. '•Mr Forbes' school numbered about twenty-five pupils, of ages from four to twenty, and embraced the children of those belonging to the Fort, and of Mr. .1. B. Beaubien, and a few others. It was taught in a large, low, gloomy log building, which had five rooms. The walls of the school-room were afterwards enlivened by a tapestry of white cotton sheeting. The house belonged to Mr. Beaubien, and had been previously occupied by the Sutler of the Fort." The teacher lived in part of the building, and was assisted in school by his wife. After teaching a year, he gave way to Mr. Foot. Mr. Forbes after- wards became Sheriff of the County, and some twenty years ago was living in Newburg, Ohio. Col. Richard J. Hamilton appears next as a patron of schools. In 1831 he became Commissioner of School Lands for Cook County, and had charge of the school funds till he was succeeded, in 1840, by Mr. William H. Brown. In the spring of 1833, Col. Hamilton and Col. Owen employed Mr. John Watkinsto teach school in the North Division, near Col. Hamilton's house. It is stated in Mr. Wells' report that the two gentlemen, Messrs. Hamilton and Owen, afterwards built a house on the north bank of the river, just east of Clark street, in which Mr. Watkins continued his school, and that this was the first house built for a school in Chicago. But this does not recur to Mr. Watkins' recollection. In 1879, Mr. Watkins wrote a letter to the Calumet Club, bearing date Joliet, 111., Tune 22, 1879, from which the following extracts are made : •' I arrived in Chicago in May, 1832, and have always had the reputation of being its first schoolteacher. I never heard my claim disjjuted. I commenced teaching in the fall after the Blackhawk War, 1832. My first school-house was situated on the North Side, about half way between the lake and the forks of the river, then known as Wolf Point. The building belonged to Col. Richard J. Hamilton, was erected tor a horse stable, and had been used as such. It was twelve feet square. My benches and desks were made of old store-boxes. The school was started by private sub- scription. Thirty scholars were subscribed for, but many subscribed who had no children. So it was a sort of free school, there not being thirty children in town. During my first quarter I had but twelve scholars, only four of them were white : the others were quarter, half, and three-quarter Indians. "After theflist quarter I moved my school into a double log-house on the West Side. It was owned by Rev. Jesse Walker, a Methodist minister, and was located near the bank of the river, where the North and South Branches meet. He resided in one end of the building, and I taught in the other. On Sundays, Father Walker preached in the room where I taught. "In the winter of 1832-3, Billy Caldwell, a half-breed chief of the Pottawattamie Indians, better known as " Saug'anasli," offered to pay the tuition and buy books tor all Indian children who would attend school, if they would dress like the Americans, and he would also pay for their clothes. But not a single one would accept the proposition, conditioned upon the change of apparel. " When I first went to Chicago, there was but one frame building there, and it was a store owned by Robert A. Kinzie. The rest of the houses were made of logs. There were no bridges ; the river was crossed by canoes. " I will now give you the names of some of my scholars :— Thomas, William and George Owen ; Richard Hamilton ; Alexander, f liilip and Henry Beaubien ; and Isaac N.Harmon, now a merchant in Chicago." When Mr. Watkins discontinued teaching does not appear, but he was teaching in 1835, on the North side. The next school that we hear of, was taught by Miss Eliza Chappel, from Rochester, N. Y., who, in the autumn of 1833 began teaching in Chicago. She afterward married Rev. Jeremiah Porter, ^jREC'D m ^^[m Historical Sketches 1,^: ^Mk lyAool ^ij^Uin oA A CITY OF CHICAGO, /^ V V3r^A To Tine Closk of the School, 'I^^eau 1 878-70. PKEPAltEI) BV S H E 1' H E R D Johns tx) n , aierk of the Board of Education.. n 7 J (' CHICAGO: CLARK & EDWAKDS. PKINTEKS. IG2 & KU CLARK STllKET, 1880. •'^ KS) ^ V Historical Sketches. 3 who came to Chicago about the same time. They are both now living in Cali- fornia. In a San Francisco paper, The Pacific, of December 10th, 1879, Mr Porter says : — " Miss Cluippel. after two years of labor at Mackinac, and having secured other teachers from the East for tliat and other schools, came to the family of Major Wilcox at Fort Dearborn, and as soon as a room could be found, opened a school for the town and Fort children." " One female teacher, it is thought, had preceded her in that place." Outside this faint tradition, no other trace of this unknown pioneer school- ma'am can be found. Mr. "Wells says that " Miss Chappel's school was an Infant Scliool, of about 20 children, kept in a log house on South Water Street, a short distance west of the grounds belonging to the Fort." In tlie latter part of the same year. "Mr. G. T. Sproat," savs Mr. Wells, " came from Boston, and opened an English and Classical School for Bovs, in a small house of worship belonguig to the First Baptist Church, on South Water Street, near Franklin." lu March of 183-1, Bliss Sarah L. Warren, who afterward became Mrs. Abel E. Carpenter, l)ecame an assistant in Mr. Sproat 's School ; and from her letters of a later time, Mr. Wells gives the following interesting extract : "I boarded at Elder Freeman's. His house must have been situated some four or five blocks southeast of the School, near Mr. Snow's, wilh scarce a house between. What few buildings there were then, were mostly on Water Street. I used to go across without regard to streets. It was not uncommon in going to and from school, to see prairie wolves, and we could hear them howl any time in the day. We were frequently annoyed by Indians; hut the great difficulty we had to encounter was mud. No person now. can have a just idea of what Chicago mud used to be. Rub- bers were of no account. I purchased a pair of gentlemen's brogans- and fastened them tight about the ankle, but would still go over them in mud and water, and was obliged to have a pair of men's boots made."' Mr. Sproat's School, in which Miss Warren remained from March, 1834, to June, 1836, became what was called a Public Schoolxa. 1834 ; that is, if the teacher kept a record according to the statute, and had it properly certified by certain school officers, "the public money" or income on school funds was apportioned to him ; and this was so much of an aid to the subscribers to the school. Though the school laws were altered now and then in this period of our history, the general plan was, that teachers or interested parties would get up a school by subscription, and apply /r^ rata, upon the subscriptions, the public money secured by the official recognition. How much that should be, depended upon the ratio of all attendances in the District to the amount on hand, and this depended upon the financial skill and fidelity with which school funds were managed. The law of 1833 required that teachers of public schools should give gratuitous instruction to orphans and children of indigent parents, duly presented for that purpose. In most parts of the State, the school lands, given by the general government, were sold at a very early date and at a very low price. Thus, in Chicago, in October, 1833, the entire School Section, divided into one hundred and forty-two blocks, was sold at auction for $38,619.47, only four blocks being reserved. The four blocks of the School Section reserved from the sale were, Block 1, bounded by Madison, Halsted and Monroe Streets, and by South Union Street extended, on which are located the High and the Scammon School buildings; Blocks 87 and 88, lying between Fifth Avenue and the River, and between Harrison and Polk Streets; and Block 142, bounded by Madison, State, Monroe and Dearborn Streets. The School Section was located in the heart of the city, being bounded 4 Public Schools. by Madison, State, Twelfth and Halsted Streets. Its present value is told in millions of dollars. Mr. Sproat's school was continued until it was merged in the regular public school system by Dr. Henry Van der Bogart, who took it, and left it in 1834, being succeeded by Mr. Thomas Wright, who was followed in 1835 by Mr James McClellan. During the Winter of 1834-5 Mr. George Davis opened a school on Lake Street, over a store, between Dearborn and Clark streets, which he continued in 1835 in the Presbyterian Church on Clark Street ; and at the same time Mr. Watkins' school is kept up on the North Side, as a public school, in a house just east of Clark Street, put up for the purpose by Cols. Hamilton and Owen. Recurring to Miss Chappel's "Infant School" we find ihat it became very pop- ular, and was moved into the better accommodations furnished by the First Pres- byterian Church, on the west side of Clark Street, between Lake and Randolph. An appropriation made to her in 1834 entitled her school to rank as the first public school in Chicago. A portion of her school was of pupils of ten and twelve years of age; and as this older portion became more important, the char- acter of the school changed so as to embrace all grades. She had for her assistants Miss Elizabeth Beach and Miss Mary Burrows. To quote again from her husband's article in The Pacific : "Afterwards, with assistant teachers, she took a house and opened a boarding school, and received cliildren from the country, wlio aided in liousekeei>ins, and in part paiil for tuition and board by bringmg provisions fioin their lioines for the school family." "One object of the school," says Mr. Wells, at this time, "was to train up teachers for the common schools in the new settlements." In the Winter of 1834-5 Miss Chappel gave up her school and was succeeded by Miss Ruth Leavenworth, who afterward became Mrs. Joseph Hanson. For this school, was built the first house erected in Chicago specifically for school purposes, put up at his own expense by John S. Wright, Esq., on the church lot, just south of Lake Street. Mr. Porter says of it : " In 1835 our young Sunday School Librarian, Mr. Jolm S. Wright, built at his own expense, on Clark Stieet, a school house for their own use, and that house soon became the public school house, and Miss huth Leavenworth was secured by Miss Chappel as its teacher." Mr. Wright himself says of it, in 1867, in his ' Chicago'. Past. Present and Future," page 263 : " The honor is due to my sainted mother. Having then plenty of money, it was spent very much as she desired. Interested in an infant school, she wanted the building, aiid ii was built." In the Spring of 1836, Miss Leavenworth's school was discontinued ; and in the same building Miss Frances Langdon Willard opened a school for the instruction of young ladies in the higher branches of education. She was a very energetic and laborious teacher. Her private record of her pupils is now in the possession of her nephew, Dr. Samuel Willard, of the Chicago High School, and enrolls the name of many who became matrons of our city. Miss Louisa Gifford (afterwards Mrs. Dr. Dyer) became her assistant; and after a primary department was added and it became a public school, it passed into Miss Gilford's hands; and Miss Willard opened another school on her original plan, which she did not continue more than about a year. She subsequently married Rev. John Ingersoll. Historical Sketches. 5 The curious searcher in the old statute books of the State of Illinois will find in the Acts of 1835, an Act adopted in February of that year which establishes a special School System for Township thiity-nine north, Range 14 east of the Third Principal Meridian; and by his map he finds this means Chi- cago. The Incorporation of the City by the next Legislature caused the repeal of this Act, but it belongs to the history of our schools. Its substance was as follows : Sections 1, 2 and 3 provide that the legal voters shall elect annually, on the first Monday in June, either five or seven School InspecifTs, who were to examine teachers, prescribe text books, visit the schools, etc. They were to recommend to the County Commissioners the division of the township into dis- tricts, and the Commissioners were required to lay off, divide and alter the dis- tricts as ihe Inspectors might from time to time recommend. Section 4. "The legal voters in each School District shall annually elect three persons to be Trustees of Common Schools, whose duty it shall be to employ suitable and qualified teachers; to see that the schools are free, and that all white children in the District have an opportunity of attending them, under such regulations as the Inspectors may make ; to take charge of the school- houses and of all the school property belonging to the District, and to manage the whole financial concerns thereof. The said Trustees shall annually levy and collect a tax sufficient to defray the necessary expense of fuel, rent of school- room, and furniture for the same; and they shall levy and collect such addi- tional taxes as a majority of the legal voters of the District, at a meeting called for that purpose shall direct : Provided that such additional taxes shall never exceed one-half of one per cent, per annum upon all the taxable property in the District; all of which taxes, the said Trustees shall have full power to rssess and collect." It will be observed that the Inspectors had no power to elect teachers or fix their compensation; their real power was small. Again, the Trustees were to see that the schools were free ; but they had not the power of levying any tax to pay teachers — only a voter's neeting could do thft; and upon the results of such meetings the practical working of the scheme depended. Mr. John Brown taught a private school in the North Division, near the corner of Dearborn and Wolcott Streets, in 1836, and until March, 1837. He ceased to teach in consequence of being severely beaten by some of his pupils, and sold out his lease to Mr. Edward Murphy, who took decided means to secure success. On opening his school with thirty-six pupils, he addressed them, setting forth the necessity of observing the rules of the school and promising chastisement to those who should infringe them. "The day after," says Mr. Murphy, " 1 placed an oak sapling, an inch in elianieter on my dtsk. That afternoon a Mr. S, who owned the buiUling.came into Ihe school room, and seeing the walls decoi aled with caricatures and likenesses of almost every animal from a rabbit to an elephant, lie got in a raging passion, and used rather abusive language. 1 complained, he became more violent. I walked to my desk, took the sapiing and shouted 'clear out,' which he obeyed by a rapid movement. This iritling Incident ett'ectually calmed the ringleaders, some of whom now occupy honorable and respectable positions in society." Mr. Murphy's vigorous administration secured the admiration of the school officers, who rented the building (it is to be hoped they whitewashed the walls) 6 Public Schools. and made him a public school teacher, from August, 1837, to November, 1838, at a salary of ^800 per annum. The earliest records of the Public Schools of the Cify of Chicago to be found among the official documents of the City commence with the Incorporation of the City in the year 1837. From this time till about the year 1840 there does not appear to have been any system outlined which gave uniformity of action in the management of the various public schools of the city. The records appear to show that there were, in the year 1837, seven School Districts, there is nothing however, to indicate where these Districts were located. From the records of the election of Trustees of School Districts held about that time, and from the names of the Teachers signed to the reports from the various Districts, Districts One and Two, and perhaps District No. Three, were in the South Division of the City ; Districts No's Four and Five were in the West Division of the city ; and Dis- tricts No's Six and Seven were in the North Division of the City. The reports of attendance in these Districts do not appear to have been made with any very great regularity, and in many of the Districts; the schools appear to have been closed for much of the year, and in some of them, there does not appear to have been any school held, as, for instance. District No. 6. The following are the provisions for Public Schools contained in the City Charter, approved March 4, 1837, at the time of the Incorporation of the City _. «EC. 83. That the Common Council of the City of Chicago, shall, by virtue of their office, be Commissioners of Common Schools in and for the said city, and shall have and possess all the rights, powers, anil authority necessary for the proper management of said schools. Sec. 84. The said Common Council shall have power to lay off and divide the said city into School Districts, and from time to tir.ie alter the same and create new ones, as circumstances may require. Sec. 85. The Common Council shall annually appoint a number of Inspectors of Common Schools in said city, not exceeding twelve, and not le.ss than five, and in case of a vacancy in the oftice, the Common Council shall from time to time appomt others; which Inspectors, or some of tliem, shall visit all the Public Schools in said city at least once a month, inquire into the progress of the scholars, and the govern- ment of the schools, examine all pcr.sons offering themselves as candidates for teachers, and when found well qualilied give them certificates thereof gratuitously, and remove them for any good cause ; and it shall be the duty of the said Inspectors to report to ihe Common Council, from time to time, any suggestions and improve- ments that they may deem necessary or proper for the prosperity of said schools. Sec. 86. That the legal voters in each School J>istrict .shall annually elect three persons to be Trustees of Con.mon Schools therein, whose duty it shall be to employ qualified and suitable Teachers, to pay the wages of such Teachers, when qualilied, out of the money which shall come into their hands from the Commissioner of School Lands, so far as' such monev sliall be sufficient for that purpose, and to collect the residue of such wages from all persons liable therefor. They shall call special meet- ings of the inhabitants of the District liable to pay taxes whenever they shall deem it necessary and proper, shall give notice of the tune and place for si)ecial district meetings at least live days before said meeting shall be held by leaving a written or printed notice thereof at the place of abode of each of said inhabitants, make out a tax list of every district tax which the inhabitants of said district may, by a vote of amajoritypresent", direct at an V meeting, called as aforesaid, for that purpose, which list shall contain the names of all the taxable Inhabilant.s residing in the district at the time of making out the list, and the amount of tax payable by each inhabitant set opposite his name, which tax inav be levied uiioii tlie real and personal estate of said inhabitants ; they sliall annex to such tax list a warrant directed to one of the City (Constables residliig in the Ward in which said Dislnct may be for the collection of the sums in said list hientioned, and said Constable shall receive live cents on each dollar thereof for his fees. The said Trustees shall have power to piucliasp or lease a a site for the District School House, as designated by a meeting ot the District, and to build, hire or purchase, keep in repair and furnish said school house with necessary fuel and appendages, out of the funus collected and paid to them for such purposes. Sec. 87. The Trustees of each District shall, at the end of every quarter, make a report to the School Inspectors in writing, setting forth the number of schools withm the District, the time that each has been taught during the previous quarter, and by whom, the number of scholars at each school, and the time of their attendance Historical Sketches. 7 during the quarter, to be ascertained from an exact list or roll of the scholars' names to be kept by the teacher for that purpose, which list shall be sworn to or affirmed by said teacher. Sec. 88. That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of School Lands in Cook County to make, semi-annually, to tlie Common Council of said city, a full and correct report, in such manner as they shall direct of the state of the School Fund arising from tlie sale or lease of school hinds in Township 39 N, K 14 East, in Cook County, with Ihe interest accruing thereon. Sec. 89. Tlie School Inspectors sliall quarterly apportion said school money among the several Districts in said city according to the number of scholars in each school therein between the ages of five and twenty-one, and also according to the time that each scliolar has actually attended sucli school during the previous quarter, to be ascertained by the reports of said Trustees and Teachers. Sec. 90. Wlienever the said aiiportionment sliall have been made, the School Inspectors shall make out a scliedule tliereof, setting fortli the amount due to each District, the person or persons entitled to receive the same, and shall deliver the said schedule, togetlier wiili the report of tlie Trustees, and the lists or rolls of the Teachers to tlie Common Council, and thereupon the said Common Council shall i.ssue a warrant directed to the Commissioner of School Lands, to pay over such part of the interest of tlie scliool moneys of said Township as shall be therein expressed ; Provided that notliing herein contained shall authorize the expenditure of the Principal of any part of the School Fund. Sec. 91. The freeholders and inhal)itants of any School District in the said city, by a vote of two-thirds of the persons present and entitled to vote, at a meeting of such district convened after notice of tlie object of said meeting shall have oeen publislied for one week in tlie corporation newspaper of the said city, and after said notice shall have been served on every such freeholder or inhabitant by reading the same to liiin, or, in case of his absence, by leaving the same at his place of residence at least five days previoustosncli meeting may determine either separately or in con- junction with any other School District or Districts in the said city, to have a High School created for such District or Districts as shall so agree to unite for that purpose, and may vote a sum not exceeding five thousand dollars to be raised for erecting a buildins? for such High School. And on evidence of such votes, and of such notice having been published and served as above provided, being presented to the Common Council, they may. in their discretion, authorize the erecting of a High School in such District, or may authorize the several Districts so agreeing to be erected into one District, whicli shall hereafter form one School District, and all the property, right and interest of the several Districts so united shall belong to and be vested in the Trustees of the said united Districts, and the Trustees thereof shall have all the power of Trustees of Scliool Districts, shall be elected in the same manner, and shall be subject to all the duties and obligations of Trustees of Common School Districts. Sec. 92. Tlie Common Council shall annually publish on the second Tuesday of February, in the corporation newspaper of the city, the number of pupils instructed therein the preceding year, the several branches of education pursued by them, and the receipts and expenditures of each school, specifying the sources of such receipts and the object of such expenditures. The reports for the quarter ending November 1, 1837, show the following attendance at the various schools then in session : District. Tcaclicrs. Pupils Enrolled. One George C. Collins 113 Two James McClellan 107 Three Hiram Baker 52 Five Otis King 44 Seven Edward JMurphy 84 Total 400 The following rule governing the length of the Terms of the schools and defining what constituted one quarter of schooling was adopted August, 1837 : " The quarters shall begin on the first Mondays in February, May, August and November, and continue five and a half days in each week, which time shall be understood to constitute one quarter of one year's schooling, and for teaching to the satisfaction of all concerned such time, the teacher shall be entitled to one quarter of a year's .salary." The scliool house in District No. 5 was located on the west side of Canal street, a little north of Lake street, opposite the old building still standing on the northeast corner of Canal and Lake streets, known at that time as the Green Tree Hotel. During the Winter of 1838, it was taught by Mr. C. S. Bailey, who was succeeded in the Spring of 18:18 by Mr. Calvin DeWolf, more familiarly 8 Public Schools. known as Justice DeWolf. The school numbered about sixty pupils, several of whom were Indian children. An Indian family, by the name of Laframboise, lived a little south of the school building on Canal street. This school was subsequently taught for a short time by Mr. Thomas Hoyne. In July, 1837, the following petition was presented, for the establishment of a school in District No. Four, signed by sixteen persons representing twenty-five scholars, of whom one of the signers, Mr. John Gage, represented seven: "The undersigned, iiiliabitants of tlie Fourth School Dlstrlct.in said City, con- sidering tliey liave asiitticient number of scholars to form a school, and that being attached to 'the Fifth District tlie distance from school is so great as to niHl7, 8t- jiiid 142 in the School Section Addition to Chicago. Ti e first tliiee Blocks to be leased m entire blocks ortracts. for ; gricultural purposes, and the last, to wit : Block 142. situated on the nortlieast corner of the School Section to be sub-dividt d into sixieen lots, and a minimum price of yearly rental to be fixed by the Common Council of not less than $30 on each lot. reserving to the owner of the iniprovenienis on lois l and 4 the prior right, for a limited time, of leasing the same, and also reserving from lease, lot 2, on winch the old District School House is .situated." J. Young Scammon', Secretary. Petek BoLiiES, President. The blocks above spoken of to be leased for agricultural purposes are, the Block on which the High School and Scammon School buildings now stand ex- tending to Halsted Street, and the Blocks extending from Harrison to Polk Streets and lying between Fifth Avenue and the River. Block 14'2 is the Block on which the Tribune Building and McVickcr's Theatre now stand, and lot 2 of said block on which the " old District School House is situated " is, by the plat ac- companying the report, located on the corner of Dearborn and Madison Streets, where the Tribune Building now stands. The size of the lots in Block 142 was 49^x150 feet. Early in the year 1840 the charge of the School Fund was transferred from the Commissioner of School Lands for Cook County to the School Agent, Mr. William H. Brown, who discharged the dudes of the office for a period of thir- teen years, ten years of which he served without cost to the city. lo Public Schools. The following is the letter of acceptance submitted by Mr. Brown to the Common Council : To the Hon. Ajayor and Comtnon Council of the City of Chicago : " I accept the agency of the School Fuiid, conferred upon me by your Honorable Body. If my services can in any dc.nrec be maib' available in advancnig the great cause of education by the establishnicut of Common Scliools, the inten^st I feel in the subject Is a sufficient motive with me not only m securing tlu- Fund designed for tliis object, but by every effort in my power to add to its amount. I tlierefore decline the salary you proi)ose to give, and will cheerfully assume the responsibilitv and devote the time necessary for this purpose gratuitously. ■' I luive the honor to be, etc., " Chicago, February 27, 1840. W. H. Brown." The report of the Commissioner of School Lands shows the condition of the School Fund at the close of the year 1839 to have been as follows : Loaned on personal security, not in .suit $11,564 22 Loaned on mortgage, not in suit 12,4:ff 74 Amount in suit.... 6,545 00 Amount in .iudgment 7,366 36 Included in note given for interest 64 oo Total securities , ,^37,977 32 Cash on hand 648 15 Total .$38,625 47 Immediately upon assuming the duties of School Agent, Mr. Brown set to work loput the Fund in better shape, and the following communication addressed to the Common Council, March 30, 1840, shows the difficulties under which the Trustees of the School Districts labored in their endeavors to carry on the Public schools : To the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Chicago, in Common Council assembled : " Your petitioner would beg leave most respectfully to represent that in the Fall of 1836 the inhabitants of School District No. 4, located in that portion of the town which now compri.ses the First Ward of tlie City, at a scliooi meeting, duly notihed, voted a tax of .»;5,0oo to build a scliool-house in said District. •' At that lime, building materials and labor were extremely scarce and high, and the inhabitants of Ihe District being very anxious to have a .school commenced immediately, it was thouglit by tlie Trustees that it would be much cheajier to put up a temporary building for that purijose than to attempt to build permanently when there would be not only great expense in lu-ocnring materials, but much delay would be unavoidable in collecting the tax for that purpose. Under these circumstances, that there might be as little delay as possible hi commencing ascliool,the Trustees availed themselves of a ))rovision in tlie School Law which autliorized them to borrow .1«200from the School Fund to build ascliool-house. For this sum a note was given by the Trustees, which, owing to the precarious and unsettled condition of the School Bund laws, still remains unpaid. But as soon as a school tax can be levied, the inhabitants of that District will doubtless most cheerfully pay the amount necessary to refund the said sum whicli they have enjoyed the benefit of, in possessing tor several years the only public school-house in this city. "As the said note has been pliced in the hands of an attorney for collection, bv the Agent of the School Fund, the object of this petition is to reiiuest that yoiir Honorable Body will direct that legal proceedings in this case may be suspended for the present. Chicago, iVIarch 30, 1840. N. h. Boli.es, One of the Trustees wlio signed the Note. This is probably the building previously spoken of as located on lot 2, in Block 142, S. S. Addition, on the corner of Madison and Dearborn Streets, and is subsequently alluded to in the following terms, in a report made by the School Inspectors, March 30, 1845, after opening of the Dearborn School building: "As it i.s loiovvn to the Council, the onlv school house or school room belonging to city wa.s in the First Ward, and this was so old, snuill and dilapidated that it was sold recently by the Trustees for the sum of .§40, and the purchaser has no occasion to congratulate himself on account of liis bargain." Historical Sketches. 1 1 The first written records of the School Inspectors commence in November 1840. The meeting was held at the office of Mr. William Jones, at which Mr. William Jones was elected President, and Mr. Isaac N. Arnold, was elected Secretary. Meetings were held weekly, on Wednesdays at 2 P. M., and con- tinued to be held weekly till April, 1843, when they were held monthly. The first step toward uniformity of text books to be used in the schools was taken December 9, 1840, when Worcester's Primer, Parley's First, Second, and Third Books of History, and an Elementary Speller were adopted. In October, 1840, the Board of Scliool Inspectors recommended the organ- ization of the city into four School Districts; District No. 1 to comprise the First Ward, being at that time, that portion of the South Division of the city lying east of Clark Street; District No. 2 to comprise the Second Ward, being that part of the South Division lying between Clark Street and the South Branch of the River ; District No. 3, to comprise the Third and Fourth Wards, being the entire West Division of the city; and District No. 4, to comprise the Fifth and Sixth Wards, being the entire North Division of the city. In November, 1840, the School Inspectors recommend that, " in view of the necessities of the children, the Trustees of each District be directed to procure immediately rooms in which to hold schools, and take all necessary stepa to put the schools in operation, also that a tax of one mill be levied for the support of schools." In a communication from the School Inspectors to the Common Council, dated November 30, 1840, they report that: "The Trustees of District No. 4 have secured a room at Sti per month, tor six months or more, and have submitted estimates for furnisliiUK with seats, stoves, necessary utensils, and fuel, amounting to .§132. The Inspectors approve of all but foO for benelR's, ai)paratus, etc., believing that in tlie present condition of the School Fund, no apparatus sucli as is indispensable should be purcliased. The Insjiectors recoinmenil however that the School Agent be instructed to pay upon the order of the Trustees of the District such amount as they may need, not to exceea %\S&, The Trustees nave selected Mr. Dunbar as teacher at .$400 per aniium. The School Inspectors in a report dated December 7, 1840, inform the Common Council that : "The Trustees of District No. 3 have employed Mr, A. D. Sturtevant as leacher, at $400 })er annum ; liave hired a convenieiu room at $6 per month, and liave fitted it up an expense of .§81.29, of whicli ;J12.97 is to be deducted fiom the rent. This sum includes seats, which can be used in other buildings. "Tliat the Trustees of District No. 1 had employed Mr. Argill Z. Rumsey as teacher, at S4II0 per annum ; had taken possession of the District School House, and are repairing and fitting it up at a cost of $86.24. " Also, that Mr. H. B. JPerkiiis had been employed as teaclier of District No. 2, at •§400 per annum." The school building in District No. 1, the only one owned by the city, was located where the Tribune building now stands, corner Madison and Dearborn Street; the building in District No. 2, was on the North side of Randolph Street, about midway between Fifth Avenue and Franklin Street ; the building in District No. 3, was on West Monroe Street, facing South, a little West of Canal Street; and the building in District No. 4, was on the corner of Cass and Kinzie Streets. 12 Public Schools. From the reports of the Public Schools for December, 1840, the following items are gathered : ni.:frirt Teacher N"™ber Studying Studying Studying District. leacner. ^f PupiJs. Geograpny. Grammar, Arithmetic. 1 A. Z. Ruinsey 75 16 7 13 2....il.B. Perkins 63 20 10 ..12 3....A. 1). Sturtevaut 71 14... 8 19 4....l).C. Dunbar 108 14 4 13 Total 317 64 29 .57 January 14, 1841 — The Committee on Schools of the Common Council presented the following report in reference to the powers of the Board of School Inspectors and the Trustees of School Districts, and also giving a review of the early legislation of the State, in reference to Public Schools. The report was concurred in by the Council : Tlie Ooniniittee on Schools, to whom was referred the ordinance in relation to Public Schools in tlie City of Chicago, liave had the same under consideration, and beg leave to report : Xliai they Iiave critically examined the various provisions of said ordinance, and as far as opportunities ottered, compai eel itwitli tlie ordinances and laws of other ota.es and (cities, auu ihe geuerai laws of the Stale in relation to the same subject. Tney have also niad^- inquiries in relation to tlie oruinance and tlie powers to be contened upon tUe several ofticers therein named, and have arrived at the conclusions meniioned in the subsequent part of iliis report. in order to throw li};ht upon this subject, it may be well first to examine into the legislation of tins State upon the subject of Common Scliools. By tlie Act of January lo, 1825, the County Commissioners were to lay off School Districts, and tlie inliabiiants of tiio^e Districts wi re to choose three Trustees, one Clerk, one Treasurer. Collector and Assessor, whose duties were prescribed by that Act. Among the duties conferred on the Trustees, weie tliose conferred by this ordinance upon the Inspectors and Trustees, except so far as relates to the exan'inilng and removing of teachers, and the expulsion of scholars for misbehavior, and it was expressly provided that said "Trustees shall give ordeis on the Treasurer of the District for all sums expended in paying teachers, establisliing, carrying on and supporting all schools within their respective Districts," and they were required to report to the County Coniinissioners. (See Gale's Statutes, 620.) By the Act of March, 1833, the Trustees of Schools then existing were to pay over the funds in their hands to the School Commissioners to be app'.inted by the County Commissioners Court, and the School Coniinissioners were to apportion the amount among the several teachers employed, in proportion to the number of scholars taught, ihe schedule of the scholars being certified to by the Trustees. (Gale's statutes, 631-2.) the Act of March 4, 1837, provides for the election of Trustees of Schools for each Township, to whom the entire custody of the School Fund belonging to the same, is committed, and the control of the scliools. They are to appoint a Treasurer who is to have the Fund, etc., and to pay out the same upon the order of the Trustees. (Gale's Statutes, 643-45.) Tlie Trustees are required to exandne teachers, etc., and to report m relation to the School Fund and Public Schools to the School Commissioners of the respective Counties. Tlie Act of February 6, l835.related only to Chicago, and provided for the election, by the qualified voters of the city, of live or seven Inspectors, and their duties as therein prescribed were substantially those conferred upon tiie School Inspectors by the ordinance submitted by your Committee, except that more power was therein conferred upon the Inspectors in laying ofC School Districts, and the establishing of schools. (SeeActof i835, 161-2.) That Act provided for the election of three Trustees in each DLstrict by the people, whose powers were similar to those conferred upon the Trustees by tliis ordinance. Most of tlie powers contained in this ordinance were conferred upon the Inspectors and Trustees bv the City Charter. Indeed, greater powers were in some respecis conferred, for the Trustees had power to levy and collect taxes, build school- houses, etc. ; and the Common c ouncil were required to draw warrants upon the School Commissioners for the amounts apportioned bv the School Inspectors. They could neither suspend nor control their aciion. The Inspectors and Trustees were authorized in all respecis to act as tht-y deemed for the benefit of the schools. During the first year after the city was incorporated the Inspectors made a report to the Common Council, setting forth the necessity of greater powers being conferred upon the School Inspectors in relation to schools, and showing Cducliisively the necessity of new legislation upon the subject. This report received the unanimous approval of the Common Council, and the bill which was pa.ssed March l, 1839, and under which the Common Council obtained control of the School Fund, was prepared by the School Inspectors for the express purpose of enabling the Common Council to Historical Sketches. 13 confer upon the Inspectors the entire managenieut and control of the schools, and upon the Trustees the employment of teachers, the location of school-houses, the hiriuR and repairing of the same, and furiiishinK them with apparatus, etc. ; and to facilitate and reduce to a system the establishment and management of the Public Schools. It was never conceived, so far as your Committee are advised, that it would be proper or convenient for the Common Council, in person, to have the management and control of tlie schools. No persons can properly exereis«» such powers except those who malce it a business to inquire into tlie best modes of di.scipline and ins'ruction, and to examine into the schools, the number, situation, and wants of the scholars in the city, and the best modes of providnig for the same, the arrangement of the scliool-liouses, the apparatus to be used therein, etc. The Common Council, in the midst of their multifarious duties, have not time to attend to these matters,, and if they should attempt it, the necessary attention could not be bestowed upon them. In order to have the schools managed as they should be, some man or body of men must have the control and entire management of the same, so that some regular system can be adopted, and the whole proceedinss in relation to schools known to those who have the control thei'eof. That man or body of men should control and regul-ite all that relates to public instruction, including the arrangement of the interior of the school-houses, the apparatus, discipline, etc. These duties are conferred upon the Inspectors by this ordinance, and a line of duties altogether distinct and Independent of these are' conferred upon the Trustees. The latter employ the teachers, make contracts, repair the school-houses, buy the apparatus, etc , in other words, they do the business of the District, while everything in relation to iniblic instruction is conferred upon the Inspectors : and the Insiiectors are made auditors of the accounts of the Trustees. It is fit and proper that these accounts should be audited by them, because they have better opporttniitles than the Coninion Council to know of the necessities and propriety of the expenditures of the Trustees. But it may be said that if it is necessary that they should audit the accounts, it is not necessary that they should draw the money tci pay them. In I'eply to this it may be observed that there is a manifest convenience in authorizing them to do so. It will facilitate the business of the Trustees, and enable the Inspectors to have a complete vi^-w of the state of the School Fund to guide them in their operations in relation to schools ; and it is a power which has uniformly, by the Legislature of this State, and. so f:ir as we are advised, of other States, leen conferred upon Superin- tendents of Common Schools, and we can sei^ no reason why it should not be so conferred. If we do not give the Inspectors this iiower. much delay and perj)lexity will often arise in relation to the innchase and payment of fuel, apparatus, etc., and the School Fund will have to make up, in the' enhanced price, Ihe trouble and perplexity in getting the pay. TTnder the provisions contained in the City Charter much delay and perplexity were experiencen by the teachers in getting their pay after the schedules were approved by the Tnsiiectors, owing to the want or regularity in the mei'tings of the Council and the amount of business before it. In severa'l instances teachers were delayed and put to serious inconvenience in obtaining their pay. It is well known that at certain seasons of the year it is almost impossilde to get a meeting of the Council The power to draw orders on the School Fund con- tained in this ordinance will be safe in the hands of the Inspectors. They have no power or temptation to touch a dollar. They can only draw orders upon the Agent for the amount renorted to them by the Trustees. The general features of the ordinance prevail throtighont New England and New York. The Common School Societv. which is a corpf>ration. have the entire control and management of the schools in the Citv of New York. The School Com- mittees and Superintendent have the same in Providence; and th'ouL'hout the States of 'Massachusetts and Maine, the School Agents do the business which is conferred upon the Trustees by this ordiinmce, while the Superintending S^diool Committees have and exercise nearly all the powers conferred upon the Inspectors, and peril a lis some others. We all know that what is everybody's business is nobodv's ; and the great difficulty in relation to the establishment and efficient management and operation of cotnmon schools, is tlie want of interest 'n the same. Hence the indispensable necessity that til B Inspectors should nersonally examine into the qualification of teacher.s, the nninagement of the schools, the arrangement of the school-houses, the '■ourse of instruction and discipline, and that they should havp the entire superin- tendence of the schools, and iiower to cany their plans in relation to the same into effect, and that their ai-tions should not be retarded nor obstructed by the action or want of action of another body. It is a thankless task to attend to {he instruction of a large nutnber of children in anv citv. more esueciallv so in a place situated like Chicacro, which has a greater varietv of inhabitants than .Joseph's coat had colors, and whose modes of feeling and thinking are as variant as tlie forms and hues of tlie flowers upon our b''autifnl prairie^^ in the verdant season of the year As our population is gathered from all ))oints of the compass, from every quarter of the trlobe. composed of immigrants from evi-ry nation upon which the dews of a- Mer 'iful Providence descend, it is but natural that there should be a great difference of opinion upon all subjects, and more esppcinlly in relation to the education of youth. Ti> reconcile these, and to provide for the efficient instruction of the child len of the city, we should select good men from all parts of the city, men who shall, as far as possible, represent the variant H Public Schools. feelings iuul oi)iiiioiis of our diverse population, men who take a deep interest in the subject of education and devote a portion of their leisure time to investigating the subject and to learning the l)est methods of instruction and to ohtaining khidred' information, and who have a sufHeiently deep regard for the welfare of the rising generation to be willing to give their attention to our common schools, and wheii thus selected we should confide to them the charge of the public school instruction of children and youth. In this way, our schools may become useful and efficient, hut if the control of the same is subdivided and apportioned off to several distinct bodies or powers, the schools will be more dependent upon chance than system, for their success. The ordinance is framed in accoi dance with these views. In conclusion, your Committee would report that they find that the ordinance substantially embodies the provisions of the previous laws of this State upon the subject, and confers no greater powers upon the Inspectors and Trustees than the previous legislation of this State has conferred upon such officers, and no greater than the effi'ient management of the schools requires. They therefore report that they find no objection to the oidinance except that the expense of the IJecord Book of the Inspectors should he paid from the School Fund, and an additional section be added requiiing the Inspeclorsto report their doings to the Common Council as often as they may he required to do so by this body. The said ordinance is therefore reported hack to the Council with aforesaid amendments incorporated into tlie same, and its adoption recommended. In March, 1841, Worcester's Second, Third and Fourth Books for Reading, Worcester's Elementary Dictionary, Bailey's Algebra, and the Pictorial Spelling Book were adopted. In April, 1841, the following Regulations were adopted: "The School Year commences on the first Monday in January, and is divided into four (piarters of twelve weeks each." '• At the end of each quarter, there is a vacation of one week." " Schools will be kept on eacii day of the week except Sunday, beginning in the morning at 9 o'clock, and ending at 12 M; and in the afternoon, beginning at half- past 1 o'clock, and ending at hal--nast 4. Saturday afternoon is an exception from this regulation, it being a holiday." "It is expected there will be a recess of a few minutes each half-day, or some other equivalent allowed by rheteaclier." "The first exercise of the morning will be the reading of the Scriptures— the teacher will commence by reading one verse, and then each scholar m school who can read sufficiently well will read a verse, until all have read. No explanations of the meaning of the Scripture must be given ; but the teachers will require the whole school to pay implicit and exclusive attention to the reading until it is finished." " The teachers will require cleanliness in the person of the scholars. This regu- lation must he rigidly enforced. Those scholars must be sent home who manifest a disregard of it." ••The followiiiu' text-books have been aidopted, and will hereafter be used: Pictorial Spelling Book, Worcester's Primer. Worcester's Second. Third and Fourth Books for Reading and S))elling. AVorcester's Ehmentary Dictionary, Frost's Elements of English (;r;umiiar. Parker's Progressive Exercises in Coiiiposition, Greenleaf's National Aiithnictic. Child's Arithmetic. Woodbridge's School Geogra- phy and Atlas, Parlev's Geography, Parley's First, Second, and Third Books of His- tory, and Bailey's Algebra." "No books except those prescribed by the Inspectors will be permitted to be used in the schools after the books i)rescribed can be obtHined. Until that time the books which the scholars now have can be used, but no new books are to be purchased except such as are approved by the Inspectors," "At the end of each month the teachers of the respective schools will make schedules of the names of all the scholars in attendance on each day aufi half day, the number engaged in the ditterent studies, and the average in attendance each week and each month, together with a statement of the largest and smallest number in attendance at any one day during the month." The reports of attendance at each school for each month extending to February,^! 850, giving the name of each pupil, and the number of days' attend- ance, are now on file in the office of the City Clerk. In June, 1841, the Scliool Inspectors report that for the four months ending in March, there had been expended !t^.j63.32 for teachers, and $520.94 for fuel, rent of school-houses, repairs, etc. ; that upon the present plan it would require $1,800 to pay the teachers for one year; that it would be necessary to levy a tax of one tenth of one per cent, upon all the taxable property of the city. Historical Sketches. 15 Under the census of 1840 the number of white persons in the County, under twenty years of age, was 4,693 ; and Ihe number in the city, 2,109. The amount received by the County from the School, College and Seminary Fund was about $700, of which amount the City is entitled to about $300. They also report that it was their intention, as soon as a lot could be obtained from the Canal Com- missioneis, to recommend the erection of a school building in District No. 1. The attendance during the month of January, 1841, was 408; of February 446 ; of March, 396. In November, 1841, the School Inspectors recommend that the lots be- longing to the School Fund be not leased for a longer period than five years. Their report closes as follows : " In conclusion, we would state tliat nearly all of the reserved lands belonging to the Seliool Fund are favorably situated ; ]>articularly is this the case with the lots on the river ; and should tne Canal be completed, the lots on the river, m a few years, will pay a considerable income." The reports for December, 1841, make the following showing: "'"'"='• leacner. EnroUment. Attendance. Attendance. 1 S C. Bennett 120 105 53 2 K. B. Ileacock 84 62 38 3 A. D Sturtevant GO 53 30 4 C. DeWolf 146 120 T8 Total 410 340 199 The Expenditures for the year 1841 were : ForTeachers. For Incidental. Total Expenses. First District ,fl<445 00 $19 63 $4(i4 63 Second District 400 oo 96 59 496 .59 Third District 400 00 8:5 94 483 94 Fourtli District 529 83 83 83 613 66 Total $1,774 83 $283 99 l?2,058 82 March 10, 1842, the Scliool Inspectors voted that a school be established in the Dutch Settlement, provided that a school house be furnished ; and March 16. 1842, they recommended to the Common Council that the materials for building a school house in the Dutch Settlement be furnished, provided the inhabitants will build the hcuse. The cost to the city, of this building, was ;^2 11.02. The Dutch Settlement was in District No. 4, in the North Division of the City, on what was known as the Green Bay Road, between Chicago and North Avenues The school was known as School No. 3, Fourth District, and was continued till the permanent building was erected on the corner of Ohio and La- Salle Streets. After the opening of the new building this building was vacated. In January, 1840, a petition, signed by residents of this neighborhood, known, as stated in their petition, as " New Buffalo," was submitted to the City Council, stating that the school had been discontinued since the opening of the new building, and asking the privilege of opening a German school in the build- ing, to be kept at their own expense, and offering to purchase the building, stating that at the time of its erection the city had advanced about $150 and that the balance had been supplied by tjiemselves. 1 6 Public Schools. In answer to this petition the following order was adopted by the Common Council, January 30, 1846: " Ordered, That the Mayor and Clerk issue a deed, imder the seal of the City, of the school-house itrlhe Dutch Settlement, to Michael Diversy and Peter Gabel, to be used for a Gei man school in that Settlement, upon said Diversy and Cabel executing a note to the School Fund for $110, payable in twelve montlis." March 10, 1842, the School Inspectors voted that the Chairman and Secre- tary be authorized to apply to the Board of Commissioners of the Illinois and Michigan Canal to set apart and designate such lots as may be selected by this Board for the use of Common Schools. The following lots were selected by the School Inspectors: For District No. 1. — Lot 6, Block 58, Original Town, the ground on which Dearborn School building was located, and which is now occupied by the Crystal Block and Hershey Music Hail. For District No. 2. — Lot 6, Block 55, Original Town, on the nonh side of Madison Street, between La Salle Street and Fifth Avenue, and at present occupied by the Wadsworth building, Nos. 175 to 181 East Madison Street. For District No. 3. — Lot 9, Block 50, Original Town, situated on the north- west corner of Madison and Canal Streets. For District No. 4. — Lot 5, Block 4, Original Town, on North Wells Street, opposite the North Western R. R. Depot, and running from Kinzie Street to South Water Street. In May, 1842, the School Inspectors adopted the following resolution : "Resolved, That the School Trustees of School District No 3. be a' thorized to employ a female teacher in said District, at a salary not exeeedinp; ,|200 per annxnn. for si.x months, pa\ able in Illinois State Bank bills, or currency when the taxis collected, and to hire a bouse for the same. Provided it is fitted up and furnished by the inliabilants of tlie District at their own expense; and that a female school be established in the Second District on the same terms." The following is the Report of Average Attendance and of Expenditures for Schools, during the year 1842: „. ^ . . ., ro u 1 Average Paid Incidental Total Districts. No. of Scliools. Attendance. Teachers. Expenses. Expenses. First 2 107 $ 59.5 11 .§ 93 21 .f 687 32 Second 2 90.. 479 19 200 20 679 39 Third 2 7t 479 19 119 90 .'■)99 09 Fourth 3 183 695 74 434 12 1,129 86 Total 9 .. 456 $2,249 23 ,<;&46 43 $3,095 66 Teacher of Music 3.56 50 Printing, etc 25 00 Expen.sesof School Fund 397 18 Total Expenditures for the year .f 3,874 34 May 10, 1843, the Committee on Schools, of the Common Council, presented the following report in reference to leasing Block 142, School Section Addition, being the block bounded by Madison, State, Monroe and Dearborn Streets, which explains the dating of school leases from May 8th : "The Committee on Schools woula rcsin'ctfully report that having l)een autlior- ized by a resolution of the Council to cause the School Block, No. 142 of the School Section Ad 'iiioii to be subdivided into lots, and leased for a term of years, not exceeding ten, at public auction, to the highest biddei," *^»*«- "Tln-y.in pursuance of such resolution, caused the same to be surveyed and subdivided into 3G lots, and a minimum value per annum for a lease of seven years of each lot, to be fixed ; and that on the »(/i day of May, inst., 23 lots were leased at public sale to the highest bidder, for seven years ; the said lots having beeu leased for at least the minimum valuation for which they were put up." Historical Sketches. i>j "Tlie Committee fnrllierreiiort that 16 lots of said Block remain unleased ; and the Committee recommend tliat they be authorized to lease the same at public auction, at such time as they may deem proper." H. T. Dickey, Chairman. There is evidently a mistake in the report as to the number of lots into which the Block was subdivided, which should be 38 instead of 36. The Annual Report of the Inspectors for 1843, states that the Average Mem- bership for the month of December, 1842, was 436; and for December, 1843, it was 589 — an increase of 153. The Total Expenditures for the year 1843, were $3,582.51 ; the number of teachers, 8. Early in the year 1844, the School Inspectors called the attention of the Common Council to the needs of the residents of the southern part of the Township. May 1, 1844, the Trustees of District No. 1 were authorized to expend $10, if so much is necessary, in filling up the school lot. In May, 1844, the first step was taken towards the erection of a permanent School building, in the adoption, by the School Inspectors, of the following pre- amble and resolution : " Whereas. The Trustees of School District No. 1, have this day reported to the Board of Inspectors that they are unable to continue the School No. 1. in said District for the want of a suitable school-house ; therefore, "Resolved, That in the opinion oi the Board of Inspectors and the Trustees of the Common Schools, ^ood economy, sound policy, and the necessity of the ease demand of the Common Council an immediate attention to the subject of Common School houses in this city ; and that, in our opinion, the most feasible plan that can be adopted for the present is, to build a good, permanent and spacious brick house, so located us to accommodate in the best manner for the present, "Wards Nos. 1 and 2 ; that upon this plan, cheapness, with comfort of tlie scholars will be promoted, and a permanent improvement made to the city " The subject Avas taken under advisement by the Common Council during the same month, and on the 9th day of May, 1844, the Committee on Schools, Ira Miltimore, Chairman, presented a report recommending the erection of " A good, permanent brick school house, on the school lot in the First Ward, 60x80 feet, two stories high ; to be fitted up on the best and most approved plan, with particular reference to the heaitli, comfort and convenience both of scholars and teachers." In June, 1844, proposals were received for the erection of the building, and the contract for the mason work was awarded to A. C. Wood, for the sum of $1,775; and for the carpenter work, to E, Wetherbee, for the sum of $2,075, The lower story of the building was completed, ready for occupancy about the middle of January, 1845, and the whole building was completed in the Spring of 1845. It was known as School No. 1, till early in the year 1858, when it received the name of the " Dearborn School." It was located on Madison Street, opposite McVicker's Theatre, on the ground now occupied by the Crystal Block, the Recorder's Office, and Hershey Music Hall. The building was regarded by many, at the time, as far beyond the needs of the City, and the Mayor of the City, Hon. Augustus Garrett, in his inaugural address in 1845, recommended that the " Big School-House " be either sold or converted into an Insane Asylum, anel that one more suitable to the wants of the city be provided. The building was also pointed to as " Miltimore's Folly." 2 i8 Public Schools. Upon the opening of the building, Districts Nos. 1 and 2 were consoli- dated into one District, and were accommodated in this building; and from this time till the opening of the new building on Block 113, School Section Addition, afterwards known as the Jones School, the reports are headed Dis- tricts 1 and 2. One year after the opening of the building there were enrolled in the school 548 pupils, at the end of the second year, 660 pupils, and at the end of the third year, 864 pupils. The first Teachers ia the school were Austin D. Sturtevant, Principal, who had been in the employ of the city in Districts No.'s 3 and 2, since October, 1840, and Misses Lucia A. Garvin, and Martha Durant. In May, 1845, an additional female teacher, Miss Margaret A. Clarkson was employed. In May, 1846, Miss Anna Day was appointed, making the corps of teachers four, beside the Principal. In May, 1847, two years after the completion of the building, there were six teachers, beside the Principal. Mr. Sturtevant remained in charge as Principal, till August, 1846, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Ingalls, who remained in charge till his death, some time in April, 1850. After the death of Mr. Ingalls, Miss H. B. Rossiter appears to have been in charge till August, 1850, when Mr. F, A. Benham was appointed. Mr. F. A. Benham remained till April, 1854 Mr. J. P. Brooks served as Principal from April, 1854, to February, 1855 Perkins Bass, from February, 1855, to May, 1856; O. B. Hewitt, from May 1856, to April, 1857; George D. Broomell, from April, 1857, to November, 1863; Albert R. Sabin, from November, 1863, to July, 1865; George D Broomell, September, 1865, to July, 1866; Daniel S. Wentworth, from Sep tember, 1866, to July, 1867; Leslie Lewis, September, 1867, to October, 1869 Andrew M. Brooks, from October, 1869, to January, 1870 ; Alfred P. Burbank, from March, 1870, to July, 1871. The Dearborn School building was used for school purposes till the close of the school year in June, 1871 ; when the lot was leased by the Common Council to Rand, McNally & Co. ; and a building known as Johnson Hall located on Wabash Avenue near Monroe Street, was rented for the accommoda- tion of the school at a rental of $3,600 per annum. The Dearborn School building was torn down during the Summer of 1871. The School was continued after the summer vacation of 1871, in Johnson Hall, under the charge of Miss Alice L. Barnard, as Principal, until the Great Fire of October 8th and 9th, 1871, swept over the whole terri- tory of the Dearborn School district, when the organization of the Dearborn School became extinct. The reports for the month of December, 1844, show an increase in the Average Membership over the previous year of 56, the Total Enrolment for the month being 979, the Average Membership 645, and number of Teachers 8. The Total Expenditures for the year 1844 were $3,368.16. Historical Sketches. 19 January 31, 1845, the School Agent, Mr. Wm. H. Brown, makes the fol- lowing report of the condition of the School Fund : Notes secured l)y mortgage $15.05-2 18 Notes on personal security , 8,a04 27 Suspended debt 1.084 33 In judgment 17,041 09 Real estate 5,406 77 Nominal amount of School Fund.. .«40,848 64 Portion of School Fund decidedly bad : Notps secured on personal security $300 00 Suspended debt, 90000 Judgments 13.858 16 f 15, 058 16 Portion of School Fund doubtful : Suspended debt .$100 00 Judgments 1.166 00 ],26T 00 10.324 16 Leaving an eftective School Fund of .^30,524 48 May 3, 1845, the Trustees of the respective School Districts were author- ized to pay male teachers not to exceed ^500 per annum. The salaries had hitherto been ^400 per annum for male teachers, and |200 per annum for female teachers. In March, 1845, the question of the erection of a permanent building in District No. 4, in the Nonh Division of the c ty, was agitattd; and in June, 1845, the Committee on Schools of the Common Council, present a report recommending the erection of a school building in District No. 4, 45x70. feet, two stories high, and the location of the building on the corner of Ohio and La Salle streets. June 13, 1845 : The Committee on Schools present the following report in reference to the purchase of the site for the school building in District No. 4: "Your Committee would fuither report that in selecting a site lor the location of said scliool-housf iliey have had a due re.yard to the interests and convenience of boin tile Fifth and Stxin Wards ; tiiat they have reci-ived a coniniunication from VVni. B. Ondeii. Esq., by which lie prc.post s to sell to the city, lots 1,2 and 3, in Block 20, in Wolcotfs Additii.n to (Jhicago. lor .'>'j50. payable, with six pei cenl. interest, in money, ininieuiately after the next session of tlie l.egislaiuie of Illinois; or, iluit he will exchange the said three lots for an equitable part m divisioh equal to 95^ seven- teenths of lot 5, Block 4, Original Town ol (_:hicago : P/ou/dcd, the city gets aullioiity from llie hegislaiuie, at its next si ssion, to make to sai-i Ogden a title to saiil iiart of said lot.'<,ot Block 4. :ii'.d wishing lor the cit.\ now to decide wliicli method they will adopt for payment. Your Committee, ui, derail the circumstances, recommend that the city accept the first proposition; but in either ca,-e, they recomnien.i that said school-Iiouse be locaied on said lots 1, 2 ami 3, in Block 20, Wbldit's Addition, which is Oil tlie coiner of Ohio and La Salle streets, 109 feet on La Salle street, and 111 feet on Ohio street " Coiicuned in, June 14, 1845. The following description of the school accommodations in the North and West Divisions of the city, forms a part of the report of the Committee on Schools on the subject of the need of new buildings: "The Schools in District No. 4 are held in very inconvenient rooms : one In a building originally designed for mercantile purposes, on the corner of Cass and Kiiizie Streets, which might comfortably accommodate a school of 50 children, inste.d of fnmi lOd to 120 scholars— the number usually at ending The story is very low. and the room so illy ventilated that its foul atmosphere is plainly appa- rent ; Its dimensions are so coiitiacied that scholars cannot move from titer places without disturbing their fellows, and scarcely any space can be found for the forma- tion of classes at their reeitatious. The same objections apply to the room used in 20 Public Schools. the basement of the Episcopal Church, with the f uitliei- and weighty one that after a period of wet weather the room becomes unhealthy for scholars and teachers from dampness. The number of scholars in this school'is lol. The third scliool in this District is kept in the school house erected in the Dutch Settlement, and is fully as large and airy as the scliool requires. " The building occupied for schools in the Third Ward is wholly unfit for the purposes for which it is used— less commodious and convenient, if possible, than those in the Sixth Ward. One of these sclionls occupies the lower story, and the other the attic of a story and a half house with light from the gable ends only, and in the sunnner, from Us proximity to the roof, isxmcomfortably warm. "The furniture of all these rooms, the desks and benclies, are as unfit for the purposes of education as the rooms in which they are placed ; and the whole contrasted with a building erected and furnished for scliools, is well calculated to create in the minds of children, a disgust for the school room, and make the acquisi- tion of knowledge an irksome, as well as a difficult task." Proposals for the erection of a building in District No- 4, were received in June, 1845, and the building was occupied in January, 1846. In September, 1845, the Board of Inspectors recommend that female teach- ers be paid $250 per annum. In September, 1845, the following petition, signed by A. S. Sherman, A Moore, Thos. C. James, Charles Crabb and others, was presented to the Com- mon Council : " We, your petitioners, residents of the Third Ward of the City, would respect- fully ask permission of your Honorable Body to build a small school house at our own expense, and for the benefit of our children and others living in the vicinity on the school lot in said Ward, to wit, lot 9, Block 5o, O. T., until such time as the Council may require the use of saia lot for the erection of a permanent school house, and subject to removal by order of the Council at that time " The lot named in the above petition was located at the northwest corner of Canal and Madison Streets. No school building was, however, erected on this lot, but the question of the erection of a permanent building for the West Division was considered during the early part of the year 1846. It was finally located on Block 1, School Section Addition, on Madison Street, just East of Halsted Street, and the building is now known as the " Scammon School." The Enrolment for January, 1846, was as follows : First and Second Districts- School No. 1, A. (t. Sturtevant and Lucia A. Garvin 430 School No. 2, Martha C. Duraiit and Margaret A. Clarkson 113 Third District— School No. l,C, J. Ballard 150 School No. 3, Adaline W. Ballard 110 Fourth District- school No. 1, A. G. Wilder 238 School No. 3, Mary E. Warner 207 Total 1,248 Average Attendance for the Month 894 The Total Expenditures for the Year 1845 were: For Teachers $2,277 53 For Incidental Expenses 880 32 For Expenses of School Fund, etc 255 60 Total for the Year .f 3,4i3 45 The total amount assessed for School Taxes in the several Wards in the city from 1840 to 1845, inclusive, was as follows : South Division. West Division. North Division. Total. First Ward. Second Ward. Third Ward. Fourth Ward. Fifth Ward. Sixth Ward. School Tax. 1840 $ 187.73 .* 199.73 $86 02 $ 48 3G $75.04 $ 190.10 ,f 786.98 1841 428.81 529.70 158.98 102,90 93.95 347.93 1,662.27 1842 513.34 512.28 97.66 69 51 70.04 365.77 1,528.50 1843 304.17 277.66 43.80 28.62 22.96 108. 0:^ 785.24 1844 2,531.18 1,742.54 357.35 261.18 178.35 651.48 5,723 08 1845 1,331.50 956.27 230. .38 144.74 147.34 364.76 3,165.02 Total.... $5,296.63 $4,218.18 §964.19 $655.31 $587.68 $1,938.07 $13,650.90 Historical Sketches. 21 The increased amount of School Tax for 1844 and 1845 was for the erection of the Dearborn and Kinzie school buildings. The cost of the Dearborn school building is reported as ^7,523.42 ; of the Kinzie school building, ^4,047.00. In March, 184G, a petition having fifty-five signatures is presented to the Common Council asking for the location of a school house in the Fourth Ward. The Committee on Schools, in their report on this petition, March 3, 1846^ recommended the erection of a school building in School District No. 3, as soon as the City could do so from the School Tax Fund, but stated their inability to do so at the present time in the following words : " But owing to the fact that the State Legislature, at its hist session, abridged the power of taxation for school purposes to so great an extent as to greatly embarrass the City in its provisions for Public Instruction, and as the School Tax Fund is aU'eady indebted to the General Fund in the sum of $3,694.06, it will be impossible to build a school house in District No. 3 till the power of taxation is restored to the condition it was before tliesaid Act was passed." June 5, 184G, an order was passed directing the Board of Education to have all their proceedings published in such of the daily papers published in the city as will do the same gratis. An order was finally passed during the Summer of 1846 authorizing the erection of a school building on Block 1, School Section Addition, now known as the Scammon School building. The following Ordinance amending the Ordinance regulating the duties of the School Inspectors and Trustees of School Districts was adopted by the Common Council, September 4, 1846: An Ordinance to amend an Ordinance entitled "An Ordinance in relation to Public Schooh in the City of Chicago," passed January 4, 1846. Be it Ordained hy the Common Council, of the City of Chicago: •'Sec. 1. 'iluit it shall hereafter be the duty of Trustees of Schools to take the " charge of the school-houses, furniture, grounds, and other property belonging to the " Scliool Districts lespectively, and see that the same are kept in good condition, and "not sutfered to be uniiecessarilv injured or deteriorated, and also to provide fuel " and such orher conveniences for the schools as m their opinion may be required, " sul)ject to the restrictions hereinafter mentioned. " Sec. -2. The said School Trustees shall, whenever, in their opinion, the same "may be necessary, recommend to the Common CoiincU such alterations, additions " and iinproveinents as may be required eiilier in the school-houses, furniture, desks, "benches, apparatus or other pntpertv belonging to their Districts respectively; " Provided, however, that the said Trustees shall not have power to make any con- " tract for the same, or to cause any expi nditures to be made for any purpose what- •' soever, except for fuel and water, without the express direction and authority of " the Common Council, and all bills for repairs, furniture, benches, desks, apparatus, "fuel, etc., shall be audited by the Common Council, and paid out of the School Tax "Fund. "Seo. 3. "The Board of School Insitectors shall have no power to fix the com- "pensation of teachers or raise or diminish the same ; nor to direct or cause any " expenditures to be made in any School District for any purpose whatsoever, or pay " or direct any expenses of whatsoever nature or description to be paid by the School "Agent out ot the School Fund belonging to Township 39 N, R 14 E, Cook County, "except for wages of teachers; but all such bills shall, if presented to them for " payment, be referred to the Common Council. They shall also, whenever, in their "opinion, any alterations or additions either in the school-houses, or furniture, or " apparatus belonging to the same may be needed to the efficiency and usefulness of "the Public Schools, recommend tlic same to the Common Council. "Skc. 4. That the School Inspectors shall have all their proceedings published "immediately after their meetiufis in some one or more of the papers published in " the City of Chicago which will publish i he same gratis, and also in the corporation " paper, with such fullness as to infoiin the public in every respect of the business " transacted by them, together with statrnients showing the amount of bdls allowed " to teachers, and to what Districts the same are chargeable respectively, also resolu- " tions in regard to adoption of new text-books to be used in the public schools, also "the names of members who may introduce any proposition of interest to the public J 22 Public Schools. "in regard to the schools, with the yeas and nays upon thft same, if the question shall "be thus taken. "Skc. 5. Sections 7, 8 and 10 of the Ordinance to which this is an amendment "be, and the same are liereby repealed. " Henry B. Clarke, < lerk. John P, Chapin, Manor." " Passed September 4, 1846," In November, 1846, the School Inspectors adopted the following rule in relation to tardy scholars : , " No scliolars shall be admitted into school unless tliey appear within a quarter of an hour of tlie time prescribed by the rules for commencing tiie schools." November 13, 1846, an order was passed by the Common Council puthorizing the employment of a teacher in the southern part of the First and Second Wards, upon receiving notification from the Mayor and School Comm'ttee that a suitable school room has been prepared in a proper place; Provided said teacher be employed from month to month, instead of by the year. This was the first beginning of what is now known as the Jones School. The school was taught by Miss Alice L. Barnard, now Principal of the Jones School, and was located corner of Wabash avenue and Twelfth street. The reports of the several Districts for the month of December, 1846, show the attendance to have been as follows: ,. „. . Total Average Districts, Enrolment. Attendanc*. First and Second 654 4T.3 Third 136 106 Fomth 387 271 Total 1,177 860 The following extract from a report of the proceedings of the Board of School Inspectors, at a meeting held October 29, 1859, explains the origin of the Wh irfing Lot Fund, now forming a part of the School Fund Principal, amounting to $68,061.94. •• On or about tlie year 1817, after many efforts between the City and the claim- ants ol the Wliarttiig Privileges, the Common Council Incompliance with an Act of the State Legislature, nuide a flnal settlement with the owners or claimants of the ■WhartiuR Lois, by the terms of which each owner was to pay the city a stipulated auiount for his lot, with int rest at si\ per cent, payable quarter yearly, until ilie Principal was paid. The Principal was payable attue option of the owners, provided the above terms were complied with." The following extract from the contract between the City and the claimants of the Wharfing Privileges shows the interest manifested in the Public Schools, and the care that was taken to enlarge the School Fund : "It is hereby stipulateii and made a part of the contract between the parties hereto, that the Principal of the nioiie; s which shall be paid or secuied to tlie City of Chica.o, upon the adjustiiieiU oi" seltlenifut of the title to the Whaifing Privileges, or Public ljan(lings,incluiling the money secured by this indenture, shall he denominated the VVliartiug Lot Fund, and shall be applied aird appropriated as follows : " The fir.st $30,000 of said Principal which shall be paid, .shall be appinpriated by the said City in the discharge of its obligations, or in such other manner as the Com- mon Coniicil shall from time to time direct. " The residue of said Principal as the same shall be paid, shall be paid over to the Agent of the School Fund of said (!ity of Chicago, or liis sm^cessor, by whatever name he may be known, and shall constitute a part of the Principal of the School Fund of the Ciiy of Chicago, for the support of S(Uiools in said City, and shall be loaned in the same manner as the Principal of the other School Fund may be loaned. " there sha 1 be paid into the City Treasury, semi-annually, for the general use of said City, six per cent, interest upon such portion of such Wharfage Lot Fund as shall be pair! to said School Agent, or his successor afores.iid, out of the interest which shall accrue from the loan of said Principal as aforesaid, until the first day of Feb- ruary, A, D.,l868," Historical Sketches. 23 The following section of the Supplemental Act, approved February 16, 1847, provides for either the sale or lease of such of the lots donated to the City by the State for school purposes as were not in use for such purpose " SEC. 16. The Common Council shall have power to lease for any term of years "not exceeding ten years in any term, lot No. 5, Block 4 ; lot No. 9, Block 50 ; and "lot 6, Block 55. all in the Original Town of Chicago, heretofore donated to the City •' of Cliicago for the use of schools, und(?r "an Act to provide for the dedication of lots " in towns situate on Canal I.ands to public purposes," passed 1839 ; or exchange the "same or any part thereof ; and for this purpose to execute a deed or deeds to the " purchaser for the lots or parts of lots in the city which may be more eligible for the " purpose of the original donation. The Common Council shall also have power to sell "and dispose of the whole or any part of lot 5 in Block 4 in the Original Town above "described, and execute to the purchaser a good and sufficient deed so as to vest in "him the legal title to the same; Provided, that in case the Common Council shall "lease all or either of said lots, or sell or dispose of said lot No. 5 in Block No. 4 of the •' Original Town, or any part thereof, the rents, issues and proceeds of such leases or "sale shall not be appropriated at any time hereafter to any other purpose than the "support of Common Schools in tlie City, or the purchase of suitable sites for school- " houses, as contemplated in the original donation of the same." April 7, 1847. — The Board of School Inspectors adopted a resolution recommending the Common Council to purchase eight lots in Block 113, School Section Addition, for a school site; and April 9, 1847, the Common Council passed an order authorizing the School Agent to purchase eight lots in said Block, provided the lots do not cost to exceed |450 per lot. May 23, 1847. — The Committee on Schools report the completion of the new school building for District No. 3, on West Madison Street, near Halsted Street. October 5, 1847. — The following petition signed by Henry B. Clarke, C. Wilder, Wm. Oaks, and O. Jackson, was presented to the Common Council : " Your petitioners would respectfully ask your Honorable Body to assist us to pro- cure a suitable place for a school, in tlu^ south part of Districts No's. 1 and 2. We have had a good school under your apiuopiiation of .*!100, for the last six months, and as the school is about to close, we are very anxious to have it continued. The build- ing we have used is upon a lot that costs iio icnt ; the building belongs to W. F. Mer- rick, for which he asks the sum of §.35. Your petitioners believe that with a twelve foot addition made to it. and lathing and plastering, it would be sufficiently large and comfortable for the winter. Should your Honorable Body see fit to appropriate the sum of Sloo and allow the use of the old stove of the Council room, the building could be bought and all the necessary repairs made. Your petitioners desire that their petition may be referred to the Committee on Schools, in whom your petitioners have confidence." Octobers, 1847. — The following Order was passed: " Ordered. Thatthe sum of SlOO be aopropriated from the School Tax Fund for the purchase, enlargement and repairs of the building which has been occupied during tlie past Summer as a school-house, in the southern part of School Districts No's 1 and 2, in accordance with the prayers of the petitioners ; to be expended under the direc- tion of the Trustees of Districts No's. 1 and 2." The reports from the several Districts for December, 1847, show the attend- ance to have been as follows ; _^. . Total Average uistricts. Enrolment. Attendance. First and Second 660 469 Third 423 300 Fourth , 498 340 Total 1,581 1,109 The report of the School Agent for the year ending February 1, 1848, shows the condition of the School Fund to be as follows ; Nominal Amount of School Fund ,|50,994 19 Loaned on Mortgage, nuiinly City property $27,786 68 Loaned on Personal Security 6.820 84 City of Chicago Bonds 1,158 00 Making a total of Effective School Fund... ... ^35,765 52 24 Public Schools. The Receipts for the year were . \ Principal of School Fund i «ioaB7 Interest ou Loans /"• ^TllL Rents {■ Saleof Block 113 S.S.Ada \' From City, on account of Incidental Expenses ' Ke- paid upon Expense Account '" Total Receipts Cash on hand, Feb. 1, 1847 The Expenditures for the year were : Loaned of Principal of School Fund Paid for Public Instruction , Expense Account School District No. Three Profit and Loss 00 4,865 37 594 89 1.702 21 295 63 127 91 120,073 01 1,684 63 $21,757 64 .$16,243.00 . 4,248 76 153.94 31.50 Total Expenditures Balance on hand Feb. 1, 1848. .$21,063.06 694.58 $21,757.64 In March, 1848, a request was made for an approUialion of ^50 from the School Fund, to purchase books for children whose pa rents were unable to pur- chase them. The Committee on Schools reported ad' /ersely to this request, on the ground that the revenue of the Fund could not be Used for this purpose. June 28, 1848, the Common Council authorized ti L. Newberry of 85 feet adjoining the school lot in Di lot being but 111 feet front on Ohio Street) for the sum In July, 1848, a school was opened at Bridgeport, Lnd the teacher was paid for two months, when the School Inspectors discovered (that there was no author ity for a continuance of the school, and the school wa^ closed. The reports from the several School Districts for jthe month of December 1848, show the attendance to have been Districts. le purchase from Walter 5trict No. 4, (the original of $1,050. Total Enrolment. First and Second 864 Third 405 Fourth 578 Total for the City 1,847 636 274 370 1,280 September 11, 1848, the Committee on Schools iVeport that they had pur- chased at the sale of Canal Lands, lot 13, Block 22, fLc. Sec. 15, for a site for a school house, for ^630. This lot is located on the l|j. w. corner of Wabash Avenue and Twelfth Street, and is the lot on which thtl building stood in which the school in the southern part of Districts Nos. 1 and jg was located. This lot was occupied for school purposes till about the timel: the Haven School was built. The school in this building was taught by Mis^', Alice L. Barnard, now Principal of the Jones School. s The School Inspectors, in their Annual Report, Elated February 5, 1849, speak of the progress of the schools since their re-or[cranization in 1840, as follows : [ "Since the organization of our Public Schools in the i^utumn of 1840 there h-is been a change unparalleled in the school history of any \i^;estern city Then a few miserably clad children, unwaslied and uncombed, weref luiddled into small un- cleanly and unventihited apartmonts, seated upon uncomfortable benches' and taught by listless and inetflcieiit tutors, wlio began their dai.iy avocations with dread and completed what they considered their unpleasant duties with pleasure Now Historical Sketches. 25 the scliool reports of the Townsliip show the names of nearly 3.000 pupils, two-thirds of whom are in clailv attendance in spacious, ventilated, well regulated school rooms, where they are tauglit by those whose duly is their Dleasure. The scholars are neat in person and oiderly in behavior, and by the excellfnt course of moral and mental training wliic > they receive, are being prepared to become good citizens, an honor to the City and State." They also ask for an appropriation for the enlargement of the school libraries, the purchase of globes, and that each scholar in the Primary Depart- ment be furnished with a slate, which, when not in use, can be left in the desk. They also ask that the power to select and appoint the teachers in the several School Districts, now vested in the Trustees of the Districts, be conferred upon the Board of Inspectors. In reference to school accommodations they report as follows: "The increase in tlie number of children and the crowded school rooms in the First and Second Districts, embracing the four Wards lyingbetween the South Branch and the Lake, render the erection of another school house absolutely necessary in the southern part of the city. The scliool -house on the west side of the Kiver hits been found to be admirably adapted to the wants of the schools and it is lecommended that an order be passed to build on Block 113, a house similar in size and arrange- ment to the one in School District No. Three." At the meeting of the Common Council held February 12, 1849, the follow- ing Orders were passed : " Ordered, That the sum of $100 be appropriated from the School Tax Fund to increase the libraries to the amount of S33.33 in each School District, the books to be selected by the Board of Inspectors, who will report an account of expenditure to the Common Council " Ordered, That the Committee on Schools purchase l ,000 slates for the use of the Primary Departments of the Schools, to l>e attached to the desks, and that the desks be prepared for the slates under the direction of the Conimiltee on Schools. The ex- pense of the slates and of preparing: the deslJo loan shall be made Historical Sketches. 29 hereafter for a longer period than ten years, and all loans exceeding one hundred dollars shall be secured by unencumbered real estate of double the value of the sum loaned, exclusive of the value of the perishable iniprovenients thereon. For sums of one liundred dollars and less, two good sureties besides tlie principal shall be required ; Provided, the Oomnion Council shall have the power to reduce the rate of interest by a vote of two-thirds of all the Aldermen elected. Sec. 7. All notes and securities shall be taken to the C^ity of Chicago, for the use of the inhabitants of said Township for school purposes, and in that name all suits, actions, and every description of legal iiroceedings may be had. Sec 8. All expenses of preparingor recording securities shall be paid exclusively by the borrower. Skc. 9. In the payment of debts of deceased persons, those due the School Fund shall be paid in preference to all others, except expenses attending the last illness and funeral of the deceased, not including the physicians' bill. Skc. 10. If default be made in tlie payment of interest or of the principal, when due. interest at tiie rate of litteen per cent. u|>on the same, shall be charged from the default, ami may be recovered by suit or otherwise. Suits may be brought for inter- est only, when the Principal is not due. Skc. 11. All juilgnients recovered for Interest or principal, or both, shall respect- ively bear interest at twelve per cent, per annum, from the rendition of judgment until p;iid : and in case of the sale of real estate thereon, the City of Chicago may become tlic iiui chaser thereof for the use of the School Fund, and shall be entitled to the same rights given by law to other purchasers. On redemption, twelve percent, interest shall be jtaid from the time of sale. Sec. 13. No costs made in the course of any judicial proceedings, in which the City of Chicago, for the use of the School Fund, may be a party, shall be changeable to the School Fund. Sec. 13. If the security of any loan should, at any time before the same is due, become, in the united judgment of the School Agent aiid Common Council, insecure, the Agent shall notify the person indebted thereof; and unless turiher satisfactory security shall be forthwith given by the debtor, judgment may be recovered thereon as in < Ji ^ "-^ C/»-caffo'; Historical Sketches. 33 in any way to the organization, discipline, and instruction of Public Scliools, to the end tliat all tUe children in this ciiy who are instructed at the Public Schools, may obtain the best education which these Schools are able to impart." '• Skc. 3. He shall visit all the schools as often as his duties will permit, and shall pay particular attention lo the classiflcation of the pupils in the several sihools, and to'tlie apportionmnnt amonj? the pupils of the pres ribed studies. In passing daily from scliool to school, he shall endeavor to transfer improv^ements, and to remedy defects. , , ,. " Sec. 4. He shall attend all the meetings ot the Board of Inspectors, and shall act as Secretary thereof ; he shall keep the Board of Inspectors constantly inform- ed of tlie condition of tlie Public Schools, and the changes required in the same ; he shall keep a record of all his proceedings, at all times open to the Inspectors. A general report of the condition of the Public Schools shall be prepared by him at the close of each school year, for publication. He shall, moreover, report to the Board of School Inspectors from time to time, such by-laws and regulations for the govern- ment, discipline and management of the Public Schools, as he may deem expedient, and the same may be adopted by the Board ; and he shall also perform such other duties as the l?oartl of Inspectors shiill from time to time direct. •'Sec. 5. The Superintendent is authorized to grant permits to pupils In certain cases, to enter school at any time during the quarter, and also to grnnt permits to l)upils resident in one District, to attend school in another when there are good reasons for the change. " Skc. 6. The Superintendent shall carefully observe the teaching and disci- pline of all the teachers employed in the Public Schools, and shall report to the Board whenever lie shall And any teacher deficient or incompetent in the discharge of his or her dut:es. " Sec. 7. The Superintendent may at all times be removed by a vote of two- tliirdsof the Common Council." June 23, 1854, this Ordinance was so amended that instead of fixing the salary at One Thousand Dollars per annum, it was provided that the salary shall be fixed from time to time, by the Board of School Inspectors, with the proviso that the salary shall not exceed f 1,500 per annum. December 30, 1853, the Board of School Inspectors elected John D. Phil- brick, Principal of the State Normal School, New Britain, Conn., Superinten- dent of Schools, at a salary of $1,500 per annum. Mr. Philbrick declined to accept the position ; and March 6, 1854, John C. Dore, Principal of the Boylston Grammar School of Boston, Mass, was elected. Mr. Doie assumed the duties of Superintendent of Schools in June, 1854, and resigned March 15, 1856 ; and was succeeded by William H, Wells, Principal of the Normal School at West- field, Mass. At the time of the establishment of the office of Superintendent of Schools, the Enrolment of Pupils was about 3,000 and the number of Teachers was 35. May '22, 1854, the Common Council passed the following order, authoriz- ing the purchase of the school site now occupied by the Foster School : " Ordered, That tlie Mayor and Clerk be authorized to purchase lots 7 and 8 of Block HS, Canal Trustees Sul)division of Blocks in the west half of Section 31, 39, 14, for a site for a Public School house : Provided, the parties owning the same will respectively, take for lot 8, $3,200, and for lot 7, $2,600 ; the said owners assigning to the (tity, the certificates of the Canal Trustees for said lots ; and receiving in cash the balance of the above amounts not yet due on said certificates." February 19, 1855, an order was passed by the Common Council, directing the Committee on Schools to receive proposals for the erection of two wooden school houses, 45 x 26 feet, two stories high, one on the lot west of Union Park, (Brown School;) and the other on the lot now known as the Foster School lot. March 6, 1855, authority was given to the Mayor and Clerk to enter into contract for the erection of these buildings, to be completed by June 15, at a cost not to exceed ^2,087 each. 34 Public Schools. October 30. 18'i4, the following order was passed by the Common Council: "Ordered. Tliat. the Coinr".ittt^e on Scliools he dir ctcd to inquiie into the pro- priety iif caiislnir Block 1. in school Section Addition, to be laid out into lots and leased for the benefit of the School Fund." Prior to this time, Block 1, with the exception of the portion used by the Scammon School, appears to have been occupi'-d by squatters, and the School Agent, in his report, submitted February 1, 18o5, says : " I would respectfully c;ill your Mtttentioii to the fact that there is a large portion of Block 1 from whicli we derive no income. Tlie sinie is now occupied bv trespass- ers, over whom lean exercise no authority, and who should be compelled to vacate the land that tlie same may be rented to responsible tenants." In March, 1855, the following order for the sub-division of this Block and the removal of the sqmtters was passed: " Ordered. '\'\\;\\ tlie School Au:ent he directed to cause the west half of Block 1, School Section A dition to ChicaL'o to be laid ott into lots lOO feet deep, fronting on Madison and Monroe Streets, with an iilley 15 feet deep baclx of each of these tiers, and lot-< froiiiinji on Haiste'l Street t- feet deep, to be appraised and rented as other sclU'ol property of the School Fund. •'Ordered. rii;it Mi-- Marshal take the necessary legal steps to remove from Block I.Soliool Section Addition to Chicago, all persons who have placed buildings on it without authority of the city." The Committee on Scho"ls in their report on the Annual Report of the Sch )ol Agent for the year ending February 1, 1855, speaks in the following manner on the matter of t'le sale of school lands : "Butthere-il estate belonging to the Scho(d Fund, though heretofore yielding less revHiiiie, is by far th"^ most im)iort:iiit, as in it, -are the elements of growth in value, commensuiate with the growth of the city and surrounding coiiutrv. " If the real estate yet belonging lo tlie rofcssioiial classes with fan prospects of success. These are not isolated cases, there are iiuml)ers in this community wlio will ever remember with gratitude the founders of our Common School System'. "Your Committee has long been aware that the system is yet Incomplete. To our Common Schools should be adiled scho'ils of a higlier character, into which the more deserving and promising pupils should be introduced, to perfect that which has been so happily commenced in the primary department. •' For the pr.-seiit, your Committee Would recommend but one High School, to be located in a central part of the City, vviih all the proper appliances for educational purposes. The School Fund proper could not, of course be appropriated to sustain a School of this chararter. Increased taxation would be a necessary consequence ; but we are induced to believe that such taxation woula be cheerfully borne by our intelli- gent citizens, for it is happily true that while a small an, Cincinnati, Providence. Lowell, and other places, and are there deemed < niinently essential to complete the machinei'y of education. "And. lastly, the great interests of onr country dem;inds every effort which promi.ses to s stain and peri)etuate our free institutions. We are the only people on earth endeavoring to carry out the great princi|)les of Dewocratic-tierivMicavwm. and inculcating the doctrine that a areat people are capable of self-government. We are inviting tlie oppressed of all nations to onr .shores and so many from the various portions of the old world have accepted the proffered welcome, that we are indeed a mi.xed multitude, justifying a new rendering of our national motto: 'One nation . 4 COUoL dJpke^ \U^tU,c^ ^K^^^ f£to /L. Cornienti. Jlelen Culver. Alheit H Currier. Geo. R. D'Aiidilly. Carrie A de Clei'cq. Marc DehifoiitMine. Edward C. Delano. PRINCIPALS. Dupee, 18.56, 10 July, I860. ASSISTANTS. Gnstav Deniars. James li. Deivey. Sarah J. Ellitlioipe. Oscar Faiilhaber. N. Ella Flagg. Carol Gaytes. Susan J. 'Grace. Gussie E. Giant. Kapliael (xutliman. Hermann H:inslein. J. O. Hudnutt. Camilla Leach. Marv VV. Lewis. Marion L. W. McClintock J. G K. Mi-Elroy. Mai ion G. Meat yard. Samuel F Miller. Pauline Misch. Henry F. Muiiroe. Ira ^ioore. Marv Nohle. Cliailes lication for admission. proDu/ert they have been residents ot the Cloy of Chicago during that year. And after the Hi'.'h School shall have been organized two years, pupils shall iiot be admitted to said school unless they have attended some Public Grammar School the two years next preceding the Unie of application, provided they have been residents of the Ci yof Chicago during those two years. '■ Pu!)ils applying for admi.ssion to the High School who have not been residents of the citv of Chicago one or nrore years, must have atlended some Public Grammar School in this citv. unless pieviouslv qualified. "Pupils shall not he admitted to the High School after the commencement of the Fall Term, unless qualified to enter some class already formed, and then only at such times as shall be designated by the Board of School Inspectors. Historical Sketches. 51 "The terms of attendance upon the High School necessary for graduation shall be in th-^ Teach ii's' Dep irtinent, two years; English High Df p^irtinent, three years- Classical Department, three years ; English High and Classical Department, four years." Fel)ruiry 19, 1855, the Common Council passed an Order directing the Committee on Schools to prepare plans and specifications for a building, with an estimate of the cost. March 5, 1855, the Common (-ouncil passed the following Order: "Okdkked.— That t e City Clerk advertise for. and receive proposals for the erection of a building for the Chicago High School for males and females, agreeably to the plans and specifications drawn by VanOsoel and Baiiman, to be of brick and locmed in the south half of the east half of Block 1, School Section Addition to Chicago, and to be coiiinleted on or before the flrsi of November next, provided that if said building completed shall cost more than .f23.ono. that i lie completion of iiart of the interior of said building may lie deferred and leserved for another coniract, and lay the same before ilie Common Council Ly or before the 1st of April next.'' It was finally determined to use the Athens Stone for the building. The building was commenced during the year 1855, and was completed so as to be ready for occupancy in the Fall of 1856. The school was organised October 8, 1856, under the charge of Mr. C. A. Dupee, as Principal, who was succeeded in 1860 by Mr. Gto, Howland. the present incumbent. Provision was made for a Classical Course of three years, an English High Course of three years, and a Normal Course of two years. The combined Classical and English High Courses could be completed in four years. In 1860, both ihe Classical and the English Courses were extended to four years, and all pupils were required to take at least one language during the Course. A special Classical Course of three years was provided in 1868, for those in preparation for College. The Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their report presented March 30, 1869, marie the following recommendation, which resulted in the establishment of High School Classes m the different Divisions of the City at the opening of the Schools in September, 18b9: " An extension of the Course of Study in the Grammar Schoolsso as to embrace the English studies of the lirst year of .lie High School t^ourse. As is well known, our accommodations for scholars for the Hiuh School are j^ltogether inaMeqihile. Tlie bniliiiiig is now crowded, and the number ot scholars to b- entitled to adinussion to the High School at the next examiiiaiion will be such that liiey cannot be accoiiiiiio- dated in ii unless the standard of admission be very iiiiich raised, winch w- do not think desirable. It is also well known that a very lar;;e poii.ion of the scholars enter- ing I he High School leave at the end of the first year. The first .\ ear's Couive of Study is what is valued by tlieiii. asseems from the piactical operation of tne School. For tliese 1 wo reasons— to provide room for scholars so far adviinced as to ue entiiled to em er the High School, and to give pupils who desire it. the advantage of its fir.st year's Coiiise of Siudy, your Comniiitee recommenu the proposed one year's addition to the (Jiamniar School Course. This extension of the Giamniai- School Course will also att'oid iiiucli more time in the High School for thorough teaching than can be liad at present, winch is more desirable. "Should the lecomniendatioiis of the Committee as regards the High School Class be adopted, your Comniiitee would ask for fnrilier time to consider how far that could be done", and in which of the several schools it would be iriaclicable. In.-tai'Ces would pndiably arise when, in order to form a class, two or three >cliools coi tiguous to one another would liave to be drawn from in order to form a class in some one of tliem." One class was formed in the North Division of the City in the Franklin School building; one in the South Division of the City, in the Haven School building; 56 Public Schools. Goode, AiiPie E. 1868 Goodman, Ellen G. 1871 Goodrich. Charles H. 1872 Go idspeed, George S. 1875 Goold, Isabel F. Ib76 Granger, Henry C. 18C7 Granger, J.izzie K. 1877 Granger, Rodney 1875 Haberer, Otto J. 1878 Hagerty, Mary E. 1879 Haines, Cluirles J. 180(5 Haines, Walter S. 1868 Hall, Alfarata K. 1873 Hall, Jennie M. 1873 Hall, Omar O. 1875 Hallenbeck, EthaL. 1864 Hamilton, David G. 18()2 Hammond, Henry C. 18t>4 Hammond, Jenni' • M. I8ti8 Hanehete. Charles D. 1878 Hand, Emma L. 1869 Hanrahan, Kittle M. 1871 Harris, Eliiali T. 1870 Harris, Katie A. 1878 Harris. Mamie E. 1874 Hart, Clara 1872 Hart, Jennie 186.' Hartigan, Thomas L. 1878 Hasbrouck, E;innie E. 1874 Hasbrouck, l^izzie 187G Haven, Ada 1867 Haven, Alice 1865 Haven, El zabeth 1863 Hawkins, Anna C. 1873 Hiiwkins, Etta V. 187:» Hawkins, Maggie T. l87o Hawkins, Martha S. i860 Ingals, Lncy S. Ingals, Mary E. Gray, Alice M. (Jray, Charles H. Greeley, Louis M. <4reen, Albert P. Green, Minnie S. (4reen, Sara Greennauni, David S. Greenbaim, Henry E. Hawley, DeForest Hayes, Kate M. Hayes, P. Sanford Heald, Marion Heald, Martha E. Healy. Anastasia Heap, Arnold N. Heinback, Flora T. Henderson, LanraC Kendri(!kson, Ernest Henrotni, Fernand Herberi, Mary L. Heron, Katie "M. Higgins, Ambrose Hill, Dean W. Hinchlitt'e, Susan A. Hinchliffe, William E. Hintze, William H. Hofman, Rachel Hogan, Jennie M. Hoiilen, Helen L. Holligan. Mary E. Hollings worth. Josephine Holmes, Ella F. Holmes, Marv (x. Holts]andei,EllaM. Honore. Adrian C. Hood, Thomas H. Home, Carrie E. 1869 Gregg, Mary E. 1879 firegorv, Ada M. 1876 (xriffin, Ida M. 1875 Griffin. William V. R. 1875 (iross, Jacob 1873 Guilbert, Lizzie A. 1859 Gurney, Frederick J. 1871 1872 Home,, L. Florence 1873 Horton. Bradner G. 1869 Houghton, Mary F, 1859 Howard. Lucv M. 1862 Howe, A. William 1874 Howe, Eleanore W. 1869 Howe, Eiiola J. 1873 Hoyne, Thomas M. 1867 Hoyt, Charles C. 1875 Hubbard, Edward C. 1865 Hubbard, Ellen A. 1859 Hubiiard, Willie H, 1874 Hudson, Henrietta 1861 Hughes, Anna E. 1870 Hughes, Sarah 1879 Huguenin, Edith 1877 Hugnnin. V^irginia 1862 Hulm, William 1873 Hull, Carrie 1879 Hull.Fredrika B. 1869 Huntington. Jay G. 1870 Hurley, diaries S. 1862 Hussaiuler. George H. 1877 Hussey, Mary A. 1872 Hutcliings. Annie F. 1875 HutchiiiS. James C. 1866 Hutchinson, Charles L. 1874 Hutchinson, Eugene W. 1871 Hutchinson, George 1876 Irvin, AllieC. 1876 Irwin, Ella 1869 Isham, Emma 1867 Jameson, Mary J. i877 Jenesoii, Frances S. 1874 Jenesoii, Minnie E. 1877 Jenks, Mary R. 1867 Jenness, Emma J. 1870 Johnstone. Lilhan 1869 Johnston, Mary F. 1872 Katlinsky. Lemuel 1874 Katz, An.a 1870 Kavanagh, Charles 1S78 Keariis, Thomas A. i860 Kehoe, Augusta D. 1869 Ki^lly, Charles V. I860 Kell'v, James P. 1860 Kemner. Macgie A. 1873 Kendall, Belle A. 1866 Kennedy David J. 1872 Kennedy, E len J. 1862 Kent, William D. 1876 Keiiyon, Charlotte 1871 La Bonre, Augusta E. 1863 Ladd. Helen L. 1868 Ladd, Joseph T. 1874 Laing, Dorabel 1874 Laing. Harriet E. 1873 LaLande, Mary 1877 Lamb, Ch a'lotte A. i860 Lane, Rella 1875 Larned. Walter C. 1867 Law. Ida Irene 1867 Lawson. Victor F. 1869 Leadbeater, Alfred L, 1861 Leadley, Anna E. 1870 Jones, Agnes P. Jones. Annie W. Jones, Ella Jones, Emily Jones, George N. Jones, M. Emma Jones, Maria W. Kerr, Annie Kimball, Arthurs. Kimball, Ella A Kimball. Hattie E. Kmiball. Marion Kimball. Nellie N. Kimball. S. Herbert King, Douglas King, Edwin B. King. Fannie J, King, Kate King, Marv A. Kingman, Belle M. Leadley, Emma P. Leadley, M;iry J. Leadwith, Ellen F. Lee, Emily Lee, Georgiana Lee, Minnie Lenox. John P. Leonard, Annie M. Leonard, Carrie A. Leonard. Flora Leonard, Helen A. Leonard, Jennie E. Leonard, Laura A. 1868 1878 1872 1873 I860 1874 1871 1863 1873 1861 1879 1870 1876 1875 1875 1878 1876 1875 1867 1875 1870 1869 1869 1875 1869 1875 1869 1873 1874 1866 1860 1873 1861 Jones, May Jones, William P. Jordan. Edward F. Josephi. Katie Joyce, WilUani H. Kirk, Rufus L. Kitchen, Frank J. Kitchell, Liuira F. Knight, Coiinne Koehn, Louis F. Jr. Kohn, Clara Kohout, Joseph F. Kreis, Gustave Krigger, Lillie F. Kroeber, I^ouisa Kunreuther, Souhia Kyle, M. Kugenia Lewis, J Albert Lewis, Fanule W. Lewis, Robert D. Liberman. Pauline Light, Annie A. Live imore, Etta W. Livingston, Mary E. Lk)vd, Emma Lord, Mary L Lundh, J. Charlotte Lynch, Maggie 1879 1874 1877 1877 1875 1873 1874 1867 1870 1876 1869 1867 18 i9 1873 1862 1873 1859 1859 1875 1877 1871 1873 1872 1879 1879 1869 1866 1861 1869 1876 1873 1871 1875 1873 1876 1863 1878 1870 1861 1874 1876 1872 1870 1874 1874 1879 1876 1875 1876 1876 1878 1874 1872 1876 1877 1872 1871 1874 1863 1869 1874 1865 1879 1876 1863 Historical Sketches. 57 McCalla, Albert McCaithv. Emily C. McOaithy. John T. McCluie, Jessie F. McCluie, Kate McCoiiiuick, Sarah E. McCormiclx, Cyrus H. Jr. McDonnell, Eiaiices W. McDonnell. Harriet A.M. McDougali, M;uv McDowell, William J. McElroy, Sarali J. McKvoy, Sarah McFarland, (iiace E. Mc(iee, Dora A. McGee, Georgianna McGovern, Anliza McLaren, Fanny C. Mci.ean, Mary C. McMahon. Mary F. McMillan, Mcrcianne McMillan, Thomas C. McMillan, Marilla A" McNiel. Annie McRoy, (George G. McKoy, Harry McWnUams, Mary W. Madden, H. Edgar Madden, Mary E. Naylor, Charles W. ^'eely, Henry K. Nelson, Esther Nelson, Seymour G. Oakley, Carrie I.. Oak lev, Horace S. O'Connor, Mary L. Packard, Mary E. Paddock, Mary A. Page, E.Cornelius Palmer, Carrie A. Parker. Edward K. Parsons, Ella E. Parsons. Frank A. Patterson, Kaymond A. Patterson, Sarah A. Patterson. Sheldon P. Patton. Horace B. Patton, Normand S. Payne, Anna M. Payne, Walter D. Payne, William M. Rafferty, William C. Raymond. Fannie K. Reese, Esther A. Reid, Amelia S. Reid, Clarence L. Reid, Ella Reid, Lewis F. Reynolds. Jennie E. Reynolds, John M Salisbury, Alice E. Saltonstall. Constance Sanborn, Clara E. Sanborn, Janie S. Sauter. Charles J. Sauter, O. Edward Sawyer, Charles P. Schade, William A. Sell jold age r, Ben liaS. Schlesinger, Clara Scholt, Charles H. Schuyler, Orielle 1864 Madden, Nora B. 1873 Miller. Annie W. 1867 \>m Mahony, Jeremiah 1861 Miller, Brice A. I860 1864 Marchant, Addie G. 1871 Mil er. Flora 1879 1876 Mar,sh, Eva M. 1873 Miller, Jennie A. 1873 lo73 Marshall, Mary E. 1878 Miller, Lizzie A. 1871 1877 Marshall, Nellie R. 1873 Miller, Myra 1864 1877 Marston, Thomas B. 1875 Millerd, Laura M. 1878 1873 Ma.von, Alfred B. 1867 Mills, Luther Laflin 1865 1^64 Mason Heniy B. I8(i5 Milner. Louise 1861 186.5 Mason, Mary R. E. 1876 Miner, Adelaide 1873 1872 Matthews, Fanny C 1862 Miner, Carrie 1873 I8T4 Matz, Hermann \j. 1876 Mixer, JMary A. 1879 1871 Matz, Kudolpli 1878 Mon gomery, Blanche E . 1875 1875 Maxtield, Florence M. 1879 Moore, Dora M. 1873 1868 Mayer, Benjamin S. 1871 Moore, Emily 1875 1872 Mayer, Levy, H. 1874 Moore, John 1859 1870 Mayhew, M. Etta 1879 Moore. M. I860 1862 jVleacham, Edna A 1863 Morris. Rose W. 1873 1870 Mead. Hal tie E. 1>78 Moise, Mary C. 1874 1875 Melick, Fannie M. 1867 Morton, Florence M. P.. 1867 1869 Melick, Frances M. 1862 Moss, William L. 1879 1871 Melvin, Lizzie F. 1872 MouUon. Charles F. 1865 1871 Mendsen, Ellen C. 1862 Moultoii. Gioige M. 1868 1876 Meiidsen. George H. i860 Mullen, John T. 1866 1871 Merrill, Georgiana W. 1877 TNIunger. Ella C. 1877 1874 Merriman, Emily S. 1870 Munn, William 1860 1873 Merritt, George 1875 Murphv. Elizabeth M. 1879 1875 Mever, Jacob 1861 Myers.'Sadie E. 1879 1876 Miller, Ada C. 1861 1876 Newton, Walter 1863 Nichols. Waldemar 1875 1876 Newell, Agnes M. 1878 Noble, Marion E. 1878 1875 ISichols, Erastus A. 1860 Nourse, Mary E. 1868 1876 Nichols, George R. 1869 1877 Olcott. Fannie M. 1870 Osgood, Anna A. 1865 1879 Osborn, F.-innie E. 1864 Owens, Joseph 1870 1873 Osborne, Lily A. 1876 1866 Peacock, Robert 18.59 Piatt, Mary J. 1876 1870 Pearce, Myron 1875 Porter, Aliie M. 1866 1860 Peck, Clarence I. I860 Porter, Hattie 1876 1877 Peck, Ferdinand W. 1865 Poweis. Caroline E. 1861 1865 Peck,Ethelbert W. 1876 Powers. Edward F. 1875 1863 Peck Hewson L. 1878 Pratt. Fannie A. 1871 1863 Pepper, INlary E. 1874 Pratt. PhebeB. 1877 1874 Perkins, Clara H. i860 Piendergast, Margaret E.1864 1870 Perkins Nellie M. 1877 Price, Edward F. 1859 1877 Phillips, AnnaM. 1874 I'ronty, Fannie M. 1863 1877 Pickering, Lizzie W. 1862 Pulleii, xVmaiida E. 1869 1869 Piper, (Charles E. 1876 Pullen. Mary 1873 1874 Pitney, Lucy R. 1867 Purer. Mary I. 1877 1872 Piatt, Amelia M. 1868 Putnam. Albert C. 1876 1874 Piatt, Ida 1879 Pyott. Jemima 1875 1875 Reynolds, Joseph S. 1861 Root, Charles T. 1868 1872 Ricliberg, Amelia M. 1868 Root, Florence 1877 1867 Rich man, Lncetta 1875 Rosenfeld, Carrie 1864 1871 Robinson, Annie N. 1873 Rosenthal, Minnie 1871 1873 Robinson. Florence 1874 Ross. Howard 1877 1877 Robinson, Maria Maude 1876 Rubel. Ira W. 1877 1871 Robinson, Mary E. 1876 Kuthenberg. Blanea L. 1879 1873 Rogers. Wilhimina G. ls73 Rutherford. John 1860 1875 Rollo, Jennie S. 1873 Ryder, Wilhelniina R. 1867 1865 Schuyler, Winfrid 1876 Sharp, Frances A. 1865 1863 Schwab, Miriam 18L19 Shaw, Julia H. 1872 1867 Scofield. Imogene 1873 Sliaw, Ma' tie E. 1877 1873 Scott, William R. 1876 Sheldon, Ida M. 1876 1862 Scoville, Belle 1879 Slieppard, Semantha 1862 1878 Scran ton. Ada E. 1870 Scheppers, Mary Q. 1865 1878 Sciidder, William M. 1861 Sherwood, S. Pauline 1876 1866 Scudham. John R. 18.59 Shillestad. Jolin 1878 1879 Seavey, Harry D. 1878 Shipman, Frances C. 1872 1878 Seville, Lizzie 1870 Shoemaker. EmmaT. 1870 1877 Sexton, Austin O. 1872 Shoemaker, Lizzie I. 1874 1876 Sexton, Joseph W. 1874 Shorey, Paul 1874 62 Public Schools. Maauire. Jennie 1879 Mahla, Minnie 1876 Maloiiev, Annie M. 1879 M rtin, Clara T. 1876 Maiiran. Cliarles S. 1877 Maver. GracH A.. 1877 McAllisier, Fiinnie 1877 McCamnion, Anna 1878 McChesnev, Thomas 1878 McGonville, Rose F. C. Medea, Eva A. McDonald, Harry M'-Orath. Katie Mc(irew.Maiy Mclnerney. James H. Mclnlosh.'lfla McLain, William K. McRoy. Annie 1878 Meany, Emma 1878 1877 Merckle, Friiia 1879 1877 Meyers, Willis G. 1878 1876 Monroe, Lnlu 1879 1879 Morrison. Abbie W. 1878 1878 Moses. AbbyT. 1877 1877 Mnnger. Jnlial. 1877 1878 Mnnster. Elizabeth 1878 1876 Murpliy, Catherine 1876 Nash, Mollie Neal. Chailes A. Nelson, Annie M. 1877 Nichols, Adelia 1878 Niolu.ls. Amelia F. 1878 Nutt, Henry C. 1878 Nye, Nellie 1877 1879 1876 O'Brien, Stella J. O'Connor, Mary E. 1876 O'Neil, Lizzie 1878 O'Neil, Maggie 1876 1877 Oglesbee, Rollo B 187T Pearce, Frances M. Peidne. Hannah Pick. Paula Pierce, Cora B. Pierce, Henry N. 1877 1876 1879 1878 1878 Pike, Fr ink J. Pollak, Flora Polley. Frank Poole, Mary Porter, George P. 1878 1879 1879 1876 1878 Powers. Maggie A. Price. Minnie Price, ^ophia Purdy. Nellie E. 1876 1876 1879 1877 Quiue, Kate A. 1877 Rapp, Katie Reifl. Anna L. Reid. Jeni.ie F. Reiil, l,izzle W. RicluEvart Rich, Louis Richardson, Maggie 1877 Richman.MavE. 1876 1878 Ri<'hardson. Parthenia 1879 1878 Riordan. vnnieM. 1876 1877 Riordan, Stella T. 1877 1«77 Kobe. Eva'me A. 1877 1878 Roberts, Hannah 1876 1877 Roberts, Jennie 18:7 Roberts, Jessie Rodatz. Alines Root. May O. Rosenberg, Mattie Rosfnfehl, Jpnnie Roths hild. Belle Rova, Katy 1877 1878 1877 1879 1876 1878 1878 Sargeant, Charles H. Sawtelle, Ida M. Sclioenberuer. Charles Schles nger Fannie Sexton, Katie M. Shanahiii. David Slierwin. Helen E. Shorey. Mattie Slocnm. Alice M. Slocnm. Kate R. Smallz, Matilda Tait. CaiT e B. Tappan. Charolle B. Taylor. Estplle Tliaxer. Cornelia Thayer, (irace Thomas, Helen Ullman, Helen Viyian, George Walbridge. Walter P. WalKt-r. Alive Walker, Carrie W. Iker. Demma Walker, Emma Walker. Gertrude D. Walker. L lian Wallach. John F. VVall.ice, Agnes W^are, J. Herbert Walsh, Kalie A. Weed, Ki.ueT. Ziegler, Solomon 1879 Smart. Helen I. 1878 Smith, Amelia 1876 Sniiih, Ceorte 1»'79 Smith, Gertrude I. 1879 Smith. Herbert S. 1879 Snow. Lottie I . 1877 Snndheimer, Matilda 1879 Sondheimer. Maxweii 1878 Spaids. Susie E. 1«79 Sprague, Nellie 1877 Squires, Clara M. 1878 Thomas, Lida 1877 Thin-ne, Leona L. 1879 Tiernv. Julia E. 1878 Tisdail. Loring M 1878 Titcomb. Ali<'e 1877 Tracy, Alice F. 1879 Undauf, Effle 1879 1878 1879 1878 1878 18:8 1879 lH7;i 1877 1879 1878 1878 1877 1877 Weinschenk. Minnie Wendell, Cclia Wlialen, Annie M. Whedon. Lulu M. Wliitelv. Emma Whi pie. Herbert Whitt\ , Marv R. Wiley. Sarah E. Willard. Hattie Wllldon. Henrietta Williams. MinetleE. Williams, Waldo A. Stanley. Hattie C. Stevens, Mary H. Stillwell.EHen A. Stone. Ella E. strader, Katy Strader, Jacob E. Strader. Parrie Summers, Martha E. Swartley, Ellen 1879 1876 1878 1877 1877 1876 1878 1877 1879 1879 1877 1879 Trego, Fannie C. 1876 Treslon Katie 1879 Tucker, Geoige T. 1879 Tucker, Mary L. 1879 Turner, Nellie 1877 1879 1879 1878 1876 1876 1877 1879 1876 1878 1876 1878 1878 1878 Wilson, Carrie Wilson, Emma A. Wilson. Hatiie Windett, Mary K. Wisliard. Florence WMikowski, Tenie W<^od, Clifford B. Wolf, James N. Wolf, Marguerite M. Woiland, Jennie 1877 1876 1879 1876 1879 1876 1879 1879 1878 1877 1879 1878 1878 1879 1878 1878 1878 1877 1878 1877 1877 1879 1879 1879 Historical Sketches. 63 WEST DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. The West Division High School was opened for the reception of pupils September, 1875, in charge of Mr. Ira S. Baker, the present Principal. The school is now locnted in the Skinner School building, at the corner of Aberdeen and Jackson Streets It is expected that the building in process of erection for the accommodation of this High School, at the corner of Monroe and Morgan Streets, will be ready for occupancy about May 1st, 1880. It is hoped that the superior advantages afforded by a new, beautiful and well arranged building will materially inciease the prosperity of the school. The following are the names of the present and the former teachers of the School. PKINCIPAIi, Ira S. Baker. Joseph V. Hergen, Jr. William T. Belliekl. Cairie A. de Clercq. J. Hamilton Farrar. Franklin P. Fisk. Emma A. Gosau. ASSISTANTS. Susan J. Grace. Fanny Han nan. Mathilde Hessler. David F. Hiel\s. Gertrude V. Lord. John K. Merrill. Henry F. Munroe. James Sullivan. Caroline T Warner. Oliver S. Westcott. The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the West Division High School, with the dales of their graduation : Adams, Mary T. Alexander, Lena Allen, Jennie Allen, Nellie Bailey. Minnie P. Barrel!, Addie Stevens Bate-i, Lizzie Beaiinioiit. Hattie A. Beok, Lizzie F. Bell, Addie Bell ElidaMay Bell wood, Lottie Bengley, Aurelia Benson, Bertha Benson. Nellie Besley, Bella (!ameron. Maj^}>ie Canipl.ell, Janie C. Campbell, Mary B. Carey, Susie A. Carliii, Bridget C:iri)eiitei, Josie E. Cassin, John William CaVMiiah, Katie M. Clialifoux, Edward Christie, Emma E. Clapp, Alice A. Clark, Carrie Louise Daley, Alamie E. Daniels, H. S. Darity, Grace L. Davis Mary A. Davy, L-iwrence J. Davy, Nellie ^L Denis^, Blanche A. Denninger, Caroline Kastman, Louisa T. Eaton, Edith O. Eisendrath, Samson D. 1878 Alt, Paulina 1879 Anderson, Carre I. 1879 Andres, Alice E. 1878 1878 Besley, Irving 1879 Bews. Mary L. 1877 Bliss, Amelias. 1879 Boughan. John P. 1876 Bovd, J. M. 1879 Boynton, Nellie W. 1877 Bradish, Anna 1879 Bradley, Gertrude 1876 Brady. M. Arabella 1876 Bragg, Helen M. 1879 Brant, Nettie C 1878 1878 Clark, Lottie C. 1877 Ciark, Maggie F. 1877 Cockfield, Jennie 1876 ('oll)V, Frances T. 1879 Collins, Alice M. 1878 Commons, James P. 1877 Connor, Eliza 1877 Cook, Alice 1878 Corby, M. Frances 1877 Corbv. Stella 1879 Costello, Ellen F. 1879 1879 Dillon, Lizzie M. 1879 Dodge. Mary S, 1877 Donoghue, ISbiggie 1876 Donoghue, Minnie A. 1876 Donovan. John A. 1878 Dodlev, Marv M. 1879 Dorr, HattieR. 1876 Doty, Bel C. 1877 Eiszner. August W. 1879 English, Fannie J. 1879 1879 Andrews, TMay 1877 1879 Ashttm. Marv A. 1878 1879 Ashworth, Nellie F. 1876 1877 Brennier, Mollie A. 1878 1879 Brooks. Bryant B. 1878 1879 Brooks, Eliza 1878 1876 Brown, Cora 1877 1878 Brown, Mary E. 1877 1877 Brown. Maria 1879 1879 Buckley, William 1878 1879 Burdick, Mary Amelia 1877 1878 Burns, Annie M. 1876 1877 Burns. Marv 1876 1877 Butts, Ida M. 1878 1878 Coulson, Sarah C. 1878 1877 Councer. Marv 1877 1878 Coyle, Nellie M. 1879 1876 Crane, Elsie M. 1877 1878 Crane, Olivia A. 1876 1879 Cravens, Adaline 1878 1878 Cravens, H. len A. 1878 1878 Croak, Maggie E. 1879 1879 Cronkhiie, Hattie J. 1879 1877 Cureton. Marv 1S78 1877 Cusack, Marcella 1879 is7s Doty. Lizzie A. 1878 1876 Dou'bek, Minnie B. 1878 1879 Dowe, Annie 1876 1876 Drake, Alice 1879 1879 Drake, Cora 1877 1876 Dunn.M ryF. 1876 1878 Dunning, Estelle 1878 1878 1879 Eustis, Selena A. 1876 1879 Everett, Etta F. 1879 bo Public Schools. Louise M. Jaeger Amelia Jaitipolis Keane/Mary Ida L. Lamb John Lana;an Carrie L Lawsoii M. Jennie Lewis Amiie T. MeGeary Patrick H. McGiiIre M. Nellie McKain Maggie McKeon Margaret A. Maliony Melida Marciise Marion H. Newell Katie E. Oakey Daniel O'Connor Carrie F. Page Martha E . Page Lillie E. Parantau Mary A. Raggio Maggie Regan Mary A. Reynolds Nellie E. Scanlan Pauline Schoen William T. Schumann Margaret M. Shanley Ida A. Shaver William D. Sheahan George F. Taniter Ella T. Taylor MayM. Vaughan Charles E. Walker Jessie L. Wallace E. Kittle Wallace Emilie M. Young 1879 Eugenia F. Johnson isrr Sarah B. Johnson 1878 1879 1878 1876 1876 1878 1879 1878 1877 1878 1878 Nellie G. Loomis Miry Loughney William H. Lyman Fannie E. Lynch Evelvn Matz Charl )tte A. Maxwell Maria T. Meagher Kate T.Miller Nellie T. Moroney Emma Mossenbaker 1878 Lizzie A. Nicholson 1879 Ellen O'Connor 1876 Kate O'Malley 1877 Lizzie C. Patten 1877 Lilian Phelps 1879 Kate E. Philbin 1878 LaviniaE. Ritter 1877 Elizabeth Robinson 1877 Ada C. Rood 1879 Julia M. Sheridan 1877 Ada Shipman 1879 Marguerite A. Shirra 1879 Jeannie M. Shufeldt 1879 Joseph Skleba 1879 Emma H. Smith 1878 Mary E. Troyer 1878 1879 Bertha Voigt 1879 Maggie J. Walsh 1877 Mollie J. Walsh 1877 W. Alban Week 1877 Ella A.Jones 1876 1878 Belle F.Joy 1879 1877 Annie M.Lvnde 1878 1878 Mary A. A. Lynn 1879 1879 1878 1879 Lizzie Mnllin 1877 1876 Emily C Mullikin 1878 1879 Joseph H. Murphy 1877 1878 Lizzie M. Murphy 1877 1878 Ella Murphy 1878 1877 1878 1878 Mary O'Malley 1878 1878 1879 Laura E. Porter 1878 l>-78 MaryM. Prvor 1879 1877 Charles A. H. Puscheck 1877 1878 Julia Rosenthal 1877 1877 Bertha Rudolph 1876 1877 1877 Annie T. Spieler 1878 1877 G. Truefant Spilman 1878 1879 Carrie Iconise Sprague 18T9 1877 Emily M. Slallwood 1877 1877 Stella J. Stewart 1877 1878 Mary E. Sullivan 1879 1877 Minnie P. Tyler 1876 1876 Belle Winton 1878 1876 Robert F, WoelfCer 1879 1879 SOUTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. This School was organized in September, 1875, under ihe Principalsliip of Jeremiah Slocum, assisted by a corps of four Teachers, two of whom still remain in the positions to which they were then assigned. There were enrolled during tlie first year 2Q4. different pupils. The enrollment for 1878-79 was 323, making an increase of 119. The following teachers have Ijeen con- nected with the School : PRINCIPAL. Jeremiah Slocum. Wm. T. Belfield. James Sullivan. Henry F Munroe. Wni. M. Payne. ASSISTANTS. Emilie H. Cook. Eliza R. Sunderland. Harriet A. Stowell. Alfred Kirk. Maria J. Whipple. Eva C. Durbin. Sophia L. Cornienti. Historical Sketches. 6i The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the South Division High School, with the dates of their graduation: Adler. Celia Aitcliison, Robert Balicock, Fred H. 1877 Bailey. Samuel G. 1879 Bartkv, Jolianna 1878 Barton, Olive 1879 Bnssitt. Blanche 1878 Bell. Mary S. 1877 Bennett. Maude H. 1879 Calkins, William L. 1878 Cannev. Alice B. 1876 Ca nell, Evart K. 1877 Chaffee, Rosa A. 1879 Ciuuiin. Carrie 1876 Chapman, Louie B. 1879 Cliapin, Edward 1878 Chase. Clara L. 1878 Christian, Cora E. 1878 Church, Addle A. 1877 Daly. Katy A. Danforth. Kittie Day, Frank R. Eaton, Ella Edwards, Anna H. Fitch, Hattie P. Fletcher, Hattie Flynn. Sarah A. Fontayne, Bertha 1879 Albee, Lou A. 1878 Alexander, Calvin l^enner, Minnie Bevan, May I). Birniinsliain, Mary F. Bogfis. Theresa Bonfield. Minnie Bowland. Ida 1879 Boyer, Lillie K. Cliurch,DoraE. f'Ian>-y, Frank Clancv, Maggie A. Clark; Carrie Clifford. Angie J. Cone, Ida M. Cook, Amelia Cook, Annie Coop r, Sarah E. Corigan, Lizzie A. 1877 DeGrafl, Joseohine H. 1878 Douglass, Helen 1877 Doyle, Alfred 1876 Ellison, Jennie 1878 Ely, Hattie E. 1877 Forsyth, Clark D. 1878 Freiberger, Harriet 1878 Friedman, Emma 1879 Fuller, Harry B. 1879 Andrews. Homer 1879 Axtell, MaryR. 1879 1H78 1877 1878 1878 187-; 1879 1878 1878 1879 1877 1879 1877 1879 1879 1877 1877 1878 1870 Bragg, Carrie Braum, Louisa Brenan, Kittie B rouse, Mattie Biow'!. Bridget Brust, Louisa 1878 Burdick, Cora Cowan, Minnie R. Cow 'D, Susie (iragin, George A. Cross, Grace Cross, !-usie Crottv, Mary Crouch, Albert W. Crowe, Julia A. Crowe, Marv A. Cut'.ibert, William Diake, Lulu M. 1879 Erwin, Emma A. 1879 1879 Fuller, Hattie M. 1877 Furlong. Hattie 1878 Fuchs, Delia M. 1876 Gairns. Jeannette J. Gale. Grace Gammon, Nellie Garnett, Eugene Gill, Rosa M. 1877 Gillett, Charles H. 1877 1879 (iilmore, Hattie C. 1870 1879 (41eiin, Annie J. 1876 1877 Goldlieig, Julia 1878 1879 Goldman, Jennie 1878 Goodman, Evaline Goodridge. Lottie Gunning, Marcelia Hadlev, Carrie E. 1877 Havward. Emily (i. 1878 Hickey, Maggie M. 1877 Hall, Benlamin E. 1879 Hayward. Temple A. 1879 Holland, Alice C. 1878 Hall, William T. 1878 Hazard. Florence 1878 Hoft'man, Andrew 1878 Hamen, Lettie A. 1^77 Healy. Kittie J. 1879 Hoffman. Helen B. 1878 Hancock, George W. 1^76 Hefter, Caesar 1878 Hood. AdaL. 1878 Harnett, Nellie E. 1878 Hefler, Celia 1879 Hoi)kins. George F. 1879 Hasbrouck, Sadie 1877 Hefter, (iharles 1878 Howard. Carrie L. 1877 Havens, Nettie H. 1876 Hennessv, Ella 1877 Howland, Lillie E. 1876 Hawkins. Fannie 1879 Herzog, Emma 1877 Hunt, George 1879 Hayrien, Charles E. 1878 Hess. Louise T. 1878 Hutchinson, Estelle 1879 Hayden, Sarah 1878 Hess, William H, 1876 Hayward, AUie E. 1878 Hickey, Lizzie C. 1877 Irwin, Charles D. 1878 Jackson, Edward 1877 Jones, Albert F. 1877 Jones, Frank 1879 Jaiues, Margaretta G. 1878 Kaub, George 1877 Kerrigan, Katy 1877 Kolin, Harry 1879 Kavanagli, Mary 1879 Kessler. George B. 1879 Kuhn.Tessie 1878 Kellogg E. Louise 1878 King, Kitlie 1877 Kerne, Josie 1876 King, Mary E, 1879 larned, Mary 1877 Lincoln, Jennie 1878 Lowenstein, Rose 1878 Lawrence. William L. 1878 Lipman, Clara 1879 Lydon. William 1879 Lawson. Florence 1879 Lipnian, Hannah 1878 Lvons, Maggie 1879 Lawson, Jeannette 1878 Lombard. Katy 1877 Lyons, Sarah M. 1778 Leland. Edward F. 1878 Lowenstein, Helen 1878 Lennon, Bridget T. 1876 Lowenthal, Julia B. 1878 58 Public Schools. Shourds, Lazell 1). SiDley. .Folin B. Siebeit, Ichi M. Silvernuin, Hannah Simons, A. Belle Simons, James J. Simpson. Margaret S. Sinclair. (Jliarles E. Sinclair. Minnie (i. Sisson. Jennie W. Skaais. Laura N. E. Slieer. Clara C. Skeer, Kate N. SUinner, Jolni B. Slee, Jessie J.. Small Mary Smeetli. Helen Smeetli, Julia E. Smith, Fannie K. Smith, Helen F. Smitli, Isabella M. Tayler, William A. Teare, Esilier H. Teare, Louise Temple. Isabella F. Templeton, Hannah Terry, H. Imogen Tliaclier, Clira E. Thatcher, (ieorce L. Tliomas, Editb J. Thompson. Belle O. Thompson, Florence J. Thompson, Julia Unna, Flora Vance. Frances M. Vanzwoll. A Henry Vaughan, Addie M. Wait, Emma B. Wait. Marshall Waldo, John B. Walker, Edwin WalKer, William B. Walsh. Katie M. Ward. Mamie A. W 'rue. Mida 1). Warringt.iM. William H. 1864 Webster, Eva is 5 Weed. Paul 1S79 Wehrii, MenaC IHTO Wells. Annie L. 1875 Wells, Ebenezer H. 1876 Wells, Frances B. 18:7 Wells, Frederick L. 1879 Wells, Jennie i860 Wells. Lizzie S. 1865 Wells. LydiaN. i«7l Wentworth. Sarah G. 187-1 Werneberg. Marie Theresel878 Wert, F inuie E. 1873 Wert Julia, 1869 Wert. Minnie E. 1876 Wheeler. Belle J. 1877 Wheeler, Cora E. 1875 Wheeler, Mary W. 1875 Wheeler, Nellie M. i876 1874 Smith, J. Dunlop 1879 Smith, Mary H. 1876 Smit I, Nora B. 1863 Smiih, Samuel H. 1873 Snowliook. Patrick W. 1876 Southard. Ida C. 1863 Spencer, Mary L. 1860 Spilinan Mary R. 1874 Spooiier. M. Lucie 1872 Spratt, Jennie 1867 Stall 1. Lucy F. 1873 Stambaugli, Calvin J. 1873 Stnrni)ofski Carroll H. 1878 Stanley, Mattie W. 1^63 Stapleton. Fannie 1^70 Stairing, Mason B. l8;8 Stearns, Nellie M. 1*^71 Steele, Julius 1876 Steele. William K. 1871 Sterling. Louise C. 1865 Stevens, Fnnk K. 1873 Throop, George 1869 Throop, Martha 1877 Throop, Minnie L. 1877 Throop. William 1873 Tiffany. Kiltie M. 1874 Tilton, Annie M. 1861 Tipple, Sar;ih 1866 TUsworth, Rebeccas. 1867 Tobey, Nellie M. 1879 T(mer, EM a E. 1875 Tower. Hattie M. 1&72 Trimingham, Julia S. 1869 Unna, Henrietta 1875 Vaughan. J. Charles 1859 Vanpell, George H. 1878 Vernon, Willett M. 1872 1864 I879 I860 1862 I87I I879 18:0 White, Ella A. White, Josephine L. White, Katie White. Marv A. White. William H. Whitehead. Caroline M. Whitehead. Jane E. Whitehead, William M. Whitman, Clara M. Whitman. M .ly H. Whitney, Eugene W. Whitney. Fannie Whitteniore, Clara E. Wiggins. Mary S. Wight. Ambrose S. Wilce, Emeline A. Wilcox, Jennie A. Wilkins. Marv Willard, Charles D. Willard, Isabella J. Willard, .Tohn H. Willard, Joseph H. Willard. Katie M. Willard. Monroe L. Willard. Susan M. Willden. John E. G. Williams Edward M. Williams, Sarah M. 1876 1873 1873 1867 1864 1879 1868 1867 1874 1872 1877 1868 1878 1867 1874 1877 1871 1869 1873 1864 1870 18,-i9 1861 1870 1859 1871 1878 1867 1869 1865 1878 1878 1865 1872 Stevens Harry S. Stevens, Minnie E. Stewart, E. Daisy Stewart, Nannie Stoddard, Iri ne E. Stone, Carrie C. stone, Carrie K. Stone, George N. Stone, Homer F. Stone. Ornnmd Stow. Charles M. Strasburger, John B. Straus, Simeon Strickland. Jennie Stubbs, Coriniie Sullivan. M.iry C. Sumner, Harriet E. Sutliffe, Edgar C. Sweet. Annie Swift, Josephine Synon, Mary J. Trimingham, Louise J. True, Albert W. True, Charles J. Tullis, Alice B. Turner, Cliarles W. Turner. Ella B. Turner, (Jeorge E. Turner, Nettie P. Tustin. Annie M. Tustin, Emma P. Tustin, Lizzie R. Young, Emilie M. 1879 Young. Hugh C. 1872 VonHorn, Augusta 1876 1863 1889 Williamson, Nevada A. 1876 Willis. E win J. 1875 Willson, George W. 1875 Wilsey, AdaC. 1875 Wilson, Agnes 1^61 Wilson, Anna M. 1861 Wilson, Henrv B. 1>68 Wil.son. John"C. 1874 Wilson. Sophia R. 1877 WMItberger. Charles L. 1871 Winans. Frank E. 1875 Wing, Thomas W. 1873 Wiiigiave. M. Grace 1879 Wiiikl. man. Prudv K. 1863 Wolf, Albeit H. 1870 Wolf. Henry M. 1879 Wood, Benjamin F. 1869 Wood, Nellie 1879 AVoodbridge. John 1863 Woodruff, Ella A. 1876 Woods. Maggie E. 1861 Woolley, Stella S. 1866 Wright. Fannie C. 1871 Wright, Isabella 1861 Wright, Sarah C. 1871 Wurts, Albert S. 18.59 Wurts, Fanny, 1872 I860 Young, William W. 1868 1875 1878 1876 1871 1874 1874 1873 1874 1867 1860 1878 1872 1873 1869 1875 1861 1873 1878 1879 1862 1873 1876 1876 1869 1869 1869 1862 1875 1871 1874 1872 1873 1871 1879 1860 1872 1873 1877 1878 1875 1866 1861 1872 1874 1865 1873 1872 1878 1872 1871 1869 1866 1873 1876 1875 1879 1860 1860 1859 1868 Historical Sketches. 59 NORTH DIVISION HIGH SCHOOL. The North Division High School was organized in September, 1875, in the Sheldon School building. Francis Hanford, at that time Assistant Superintendent of Schools, being elected principal, Miss Anna M. Byrne, assistant, Mrs. Soph a Cornienti, teacher of German. The first class was graduated June 23, 1876, consisting of pupils who had been members of trie " High School Class " of the preceding year, which was merged into the North Division High School. In September, 1877, the Latin language was added to the list of studies, pupils being permitted to pursue tlie English studies of the Course, and either Latin or German. The following named teachers have been connected with the School : PRINCIPALS. Francis Hanford. Septeml)er, isrri, to June, 18VG. ASSISTANTS. Anna M. Byrne. James W. Larimore. Sopliia I'oriiieuti. Caroline H Meniclc. Lizzie N. Cutter. Thonuis O'lMaliony. EvaC. Durhin. Mathilde Smith. Henry H. Belfleld. September, 187(;, to date. liOra A. Stiinpson. Emma A. Stovvell. Ann K. Wincliell. The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the North Division High School, with the dates of their graduation : Mary Abbott Victoria C. Adams Ida M. Allen Emma Baer Fred S. BaK-er Elvira M. Barclay Annie E. Bectiii ' Grace Berysou Ma Rle E. Blaisdell Harry B. Bogg Susie O. Canevin Abbie A. Cannon Teresa A Cannon Thomas H. Cannon Charles J. Carlson Jo:inna Clancy Gertrude E. Daniels Minnie E. D.irrah Jennie Davison Jessie R. Davison Sarah J. Eaton Fannie E. Elder Jessie E. Fergus Mabel W. Fernald liOuise E. Fernow Mary Lois Gnge Anna (iaibraitli Sarah A. (iavm ("arrie L. Gettleson Sarah E. Garrity L. Susie Hack Michael E. Hally Harry K. Hamilton Eva A. H irland Agnes Harris Lizzie Hayde 1879 Walter H. Allport 18TT Jennie Amlerson 1877 Emma Anderson 1878 187t) 1878 1878 1878 1877 1878 1877 1K76 187fi 1879 1877 1877 1879 1877 1870 1879 1876 1878 1879 Jennie S. Atwater 1878 Georgiana M.Austin 1879 Fred F. Ausiin Mary A. Bond Belle Booth Louisa Borne Kate M. J. Bowen Sarah Brechbill Robert T. Brewer Rosalie Bross Minnie A. Clancy Kiltie D. Clark Abraham Co lien Rosanna ('onley Piissie C. Conley W illiam H. Cook Anna S. Dawson Agnes E. Dew Nellie V. Dixon Fred E. Eldred Willard Elmendorf 1878 1878 1878 1877 1878 1879 1878 1879 1879 1877 1877 1879 1876 187C 1879 1876 1877 Joanna i:. Foley 1877 1878 Delia L. Foskett 1876 1879 Emma M. A. Frommann 1876 1877 Mary A. Gibbons 1876 1877 John M. Gibbons 1878 1876 Fiorence C. (iill 1878 1.^79 Lizzie E. (Jlickauf 1879 1878 EstellaS. Gobel 1878 1879 Emma Heller 1879 1878 Nellie F. Henderson 1879 1878 Carrie Henni ssey 1878 1877 Sadie Hennessey 18,8 1878 Mary A, Hennigan 1879 1877 Emma J. A. Heuermann 1878 Nettie G. Buck Lynora \j. J5iickley Catharine A. liucUley William L. Bush Belle L. Bush ]\I aggie \. Cook Ella J. Cooper Km tie A Corey L puisa A. Craig Sara \j Ciinniiigliam Louisa A. Cusliiiig Kate Donegal! Tlieresa C. Donogliue Juliti A. Dundon 1877 Lawrence M. Eniiis 1878 Emit H. Frommnnn HattieE. Fuller Adolpli G. (ioebel Annie C. Goggin Millie A. Goodsinitli Louise C. (io.ss Mary E. ( Jregg Minna Heuermann Jessie Hibbard Hattie S. Higgins An^ie Higgins Joanna v.. Hogan Hattie M. Horner 1876 1877 1878 1878 1877 1879 1878 1878 187 1877 1879 1878 1879 1877 1878 1879 1879 1877 1878 l879 1878 1879 1879 1877 1879 1878 1878 1879 1879 1879 64 Public Schools. Fallon, Maggie 1878 Fisher, Mngeie A. 1876 Flynn. Anna Laurette 1879 Farnswoitli, Cova A. 1878 Fisher, Ottiiie L. 1876 Ford. Katie E. 1877 FanvU, Annie 15. 1879 Fislier, Mary A, 1877 Franey, Mary E. 1877 FaiSdi), Nora M. 1879 Fitch, Walter M. 1879 Freund, Belle M. 1876 Ferguson, Alexander H. 1878 Fitzgerald, Sarah E. 1877 Frisbie, Emilie B. 1879 Ferguson. Kate 1877 Fitzpatrick, Lizzie E, 1879 Fullerton, Kittle S. 1877 Finney, Walter A. 1876 Fleming, Mary E. 1878 Fullerton, Mamie G. 1878 Gardner, Eleauoi- 1879 Gittiiev. Nellies, 1877 Good Willie, Carrie G. 1878 Gardner. Sarali 1879 Giles, Nellie E. 1879 Grannan, Maggie M. 1878 Garrett. Emma H. 1878 Gils. Henry G. 1877 Green, Carrie Maud 1879 Gault. Beniamin F". 1877 Gittleson, Frank A. 1876 Green. William C. 1877 Gavin, Loiiis? B. 1877 Glaser. Rosalie 1877 Gregg. Martha 1878 Gee, Frances M. 1S79 (ioldstein, Fannie 1877 Guptill, Nellie A. 1879 Gibbons. Mary Angela 1876 Go >dkind, Edward \. 1877 Guthrie, Maggie O. 1878 Giff. Emilie E. 1879 Goodman, Laura L. 1878 Guthrie, Maggie 1879 Hague, Marv A. 1877 Heath, Ernest W. 1876 Hohmann, Lizzie 1879 Hall, Maria E. 1877 Hedenberg, Cecilia 1877 Holmes, Louis 1879 Hamlin, Harry L. 1878 Hedenberg, Cherrlll 1877 Holmes, Nellie S. 1877 Hanimersley. Mary E. 1879 Hefter, Hagar 1878 Homan, Carrie 1879 Hancox. Stephen W. 1878 Heggem. AniiaB. 1879 Hood, Emma J. 1877 Hanna, Koberta 1879 Henning, Mary D. 1878 Honistein, Leon 1878 Hanralian. Julia 1879 Henry, Mav G. 1879 Hoskins, William 187& Hanson. Kate 1879 Herriok. Cliarles 1878 Howe, .fames H. 1876 Hardy, F;inny W. 1877 Hiestaiid, Addie E. 1879 Howland. Grace 1877 Harkin, Mary 1879 Hiest.uid. Emma L. 1876 Hudson, Lsabella E, 1876 Hawkins m, Amanda W 1876 Higlilv, Henrietta S. 1876 Hulinir, Alice A. 1879 H.ivvkinson, Nellie 1878 Hilands, Flora E, 1879 Humble, Emilv Belle 1878 Hawley, Mmnie E. 1878 Hill, Ed. P. 1879 Hussander. William S. 1876 Hayes. Mary E. 1879 Hill, Minnie E. 1879 Hutchins, Alice A. 1878 Hayes. Sarah J. 1876 Hinchman. Emma J, 1876 Hutchinson, Douglas W 1877 Hazen, Minnie 1877 Hogan, Alice A. 1876 Ingraliam, Edward 1). 1878 Irwin, William E. 1879 Iverson, William 1879 Jacobus, Orplm 1876 Jewett.Carr'e M. 1878 Justi, Lizzie 1877 Jeninngs, M. Imogene 1877 Johnson, Anna A. 1879 Kain. Mary 1878 Kidston. Jennie B. 1878 Kleiz, Sena 1876 Keegan. Mary A. 1879 Kimball, Clarence B. 1878 K' uedson, Ida L. 1878 Kemp. Belle L. 1878 Kingsley. Mary A. 1876 Koener, Carrie 1877 Kemp, Lizzie H. 1879 Kinney. Bell ■ E. 1877 Koester, George F. 1878 Kemp. Minnie 1877 Kinney, Hattie L. 1877 Kohler, George 1876 Kessell, Mary E. 1879 Kiiisey, Florence 1877 Kreis, Adolph 1876 La Monte, M;iy 1878 Ledden, Minnie A. 1879 Livingston, John C. 187^' Lane, Nellie L. 1877 Lee. Dena ]\I. 1876 Lonergan, Clara 1879 Lantry, Emma L. 1879 Lemon, Addie 1879 Long, Annie E. 1878 Law, Nellie L. 1877 Leonard, Jennie 1877 Long. Florence 1878 Law, Saf'ie H. 1879 Letz, Emma M. 1877 Lovejoy. Hattie E 1878 Ledden, H leu C. 1877 ]>ewis, Lester W. 1877 Lyman, Lottie 1878 MacDoniild, Belle H. 1878 McColluin. Mai-gie B. 1879 Mever, Dora 1878 Maekey. Nellie 1878 McDonouah, Alice C. 1879 Michaels, Fannie D. 1877 Madden. Mary L. 1877 McElrov. Alice M. 1879 Mikscli, Flora M. 1878 Masee. Belle I. 1879 McFadden, C:irrie E. 1«77 Miller, 'Miarles Henry 1877 Magee, Mu-ion E. 1879 INIcFarlan't.Fred W. 1876 Miller, Fannie N. 1877 Magnus, Emma C. 1879 IMc(;arty, Kate B. 1878 Miller, Fannie S. 1879 Maioney. Nellie 1879 Mcliityre, Minnie E. 1877 Mi'ler. Louisa B. E. 1877 Manning. Hmuotm. E. 1877 McLean, Agnes is7r. Mills, Cora E. 1879 Manning, Mary E. 1876 McLeish, Lily A. 1879 Mole, Frances Elizabeth 1879 Marks. Mtitildii M. 1876 McMahon, Mary 1879 Monroe, William F. 1876 Maroney, Marv T. 1879 McManus, Lizzie L. 1879 Mooiiey. Nellie V. 1877 Mason, Josie H. 1877 McNanly, Alice S. 1877 Moore, Alexia G. 1878 Mason, Robert 1878 McWade, J hn E. 1877 Morehouse. Louise '". 1877 Masters, Mittie 1876 Meads, Jennie E. 1876 Morgan. M. Dora 1877 M-isterson. Mary A. 1879 Mear. Belle M 1876 Morris. Siiiney L. 1879 Matthews. Kate I. 1878 Meckling. Carrie L. 1879 Morse, Ida A. 1879 McCann. Lottie 1879 l\Iel'ier,\Tohn 1877 Moser, Mary 0. 1877 McOann. Minnie 1878 Meriam, Alice L. 1877 MuUin, Ambrose P. 1879 McGarthv, Julia 1879 Mi-rriman. Mae L. 1878 Mullin. Wilham F. J. 1877 McCarthv, Marv A. 1878 Metzger, Margaret C. 1879 Murphy, Teresa M. 1876 McOanley, Ella W. 1879 Nelson. Carrie A. 1876 Niek^on. Maggie L. 1877 Norton, Lawrence A. 1878 Newcomb, George E. 1879 Noll, Augusta E. 1877 Nottelraann, Emily 1879 Nichols, Celia 1879 Historical Sketches. 65 OT.iien, Minnie T. O'Leary, Michael J. Olson, Albertina J. 1879 Oimsbee, Jennie A. 1879 Orion, Alice G. 1878 Orton, Frances B. Page, Ella L. 1879 Paul, Jennie M, rage, Hannah E, 1877 FaulK, Lillie E. I'age, Mary H. 187'8 Peacock, Alice M. I'arker, Kellie E. 1879 Peacock, Lizzie A. I'atek, Edward J. 1877 Peacock, Maggie J. Patterson, JeanieSt.Clair 1879 Pearson, Edward Patterson. Lizzie M. 1879 Peek, Edward H. Kaffeii, Aggie 1878 Jtagatz, Lydia 1877 JJeynolds, Emma D. 1878 Kicliardson, Clara M. 1878 Itisley, ]5miTia 1*'. 1877 Kohertson, Christine W. 1876 Sanborn, Ida L. 1878 Sandford, Charles E. 1877 Sandridge, Cassandra M. 1879 Schifi, Jiaiinah 1876 Scliiinmel, llaiina 1879 Schloesser, Alice H. 1878 JSehock, Amelia M. L. 1870 Sclirader, Willie E, 1X79 Seifried, William ]L 1879 Shanley, Jane E. 1870 Sharp, Isabel 1879 Hhawcross. Isellie 1878 Sheldon, Minnie L. 1879 Slierburne, Clara C. 18r9 Sheriffs, Walter 1879 Shields, Dora Adelle 1877 Shipman, Minnie C. 1878 Talcott, W. O. 1877 Tapper, Marcina 1879 Thayer, Willard H. 1878 Thompson, Clara M. 1877 Thorson, Hannah 1876 Tilton, Alice J. 1879 Robinson, Adelia E. Eoche, Katie M. Koeder. Ida L. liogers, Nellie M. Kogeison, Edward J. Rommeiss, Pauline J. Shoyer, Miriam I. Silvius. Hannah T. Simmons, Emily Simpson. Mary L. Sinnoit, Richard .(. Skorazinska Natalie H. Sniale. Bessie T. Smith, Eliza Smith, Fred W. Smith, Miiia A. Smyth, Lizzie A. Snyder, Alice E. Soeike, HenrvC. Sollitt, Fannie E. Spafford, J^ettieM. Speight, Adelaide Spiegel, Hattie V. Tobias, IMary J. Tomblin, Miimie Helen Tonner, Minnie Town, Amelia Trichka, Mary A. Tucker, Charles "W. Van Meenen, Josie E. 1879 Van Ness, Clara M. Waggoner, Mary F. 1879 "Walker, Annie 1879 Walker, Emilie S. 1877 Wallciibuig, Lama 1879 AValsh, Louise J. A. 1S7G Walsh, :\Iarv Alice 1877 Walsh, Nellie E. 1879 "Walsh, Sara F. 1878 Walthers. Arthur 1878 "Ward, ]Manii3 A. 1877 Ware, Elmer K. 1879 Warhurst, I^izzic 1879 Watkins, Nellie 1878 Watson, Millie M. 1878 Youdale, Annie 1876 Zimmerman, Annetta T. 1876 Watts, George C. A\ eber, Samuel J^. Welch, Chaniiiiig Welch, MaitieT. Wells. Fred A. Went worth, E.G. Wheadon, Alice A. Wheadon, Charles F. Wheelock, Hattie J. White. Joseiilnne M. Whitehead, Agnes Wicker, Georgia Wilbur, Annie T. Wilcox, Male Helen 1879 Ott.IvaL. 1879 1878 Ottaway, Alice 1879 1877 1879 Perrizo, Lillie M. 1878 1877 Peterman, John L, 1878 1879 Pierce, Gerald A. 1879 1878 Pike, Alice 1879 1876 Pratt. Zoe 1878 1879 Prendergast, Lizzie C. 1879 1879 I'ugh, M. Lulu 1877 1876 Rooks, Emily S. x iS78 1878 Rounds, Mary P. \ ^8 1877 Rouudy, Frank C. 1878 1879 Rudolph, Eugenie 1879 1877 Rutherford, May Eloise 1878 1877 Ryan, Joanna E. 1877 1876 Spriggs, John E. I878 1879 Stannard, Frank D. 1877 1877 Stapley, Fannie E. 1878 1878 Starks. Franlie E, 1878 1876 Starrett, Lizzie H. 1876 1878 Stattman, Lillie 1879 1879 Stedman, Maria M. 1876 1876 Stevens, Susie C. 1876 1877 Stewart, Minnie M. 1877 1879 Stewart. William F. 1876 1877 Stinson, Ella W. 1877 1877 Slorer, Hattie M. 1879 1879 Storey, Kittle B. C, 1879 1877 Strunk, J. Frank 1877 1877 Swenie, Emma 1878 1877 Swift, Emma L. 1877 1879 Swonson, Annie 1878 1878 Tuohy, MaryL, 1878 1879 'J'nrnbull, Aley H. 1877 1878 Turtle, Julia M. 1876 1879 Twohig, MamieE. A. 1879 1877 Tyson, Frank C. 1877 1879 1878 Verity, William S. 1878 1877 Wilcox, Martha R 1877 1877 Williams, Jane Edwards 1878 1878 Williams, Sara E. 1877 1879 Willson, Lottie 1879 1877 Wilson, Kate 1876 1877 Winkler, P:mma Minnie 1877 1876 Wiiiship. Imogene B. 1877 1876 Winter, George I). 1878 1876 Wood. Nettie B, 1877 1870 Woods, Maw A. 1876 1876 Woods, Nelhe D. 1878 1879 Worth, Sarah A. 1877 187-6 Wright, Clara A. 1877 1877 Wright, Fannie L. 1877 66 Public Schools. NORMAL SCHOOL. The Normal School was established as a Department of the High School at the time of its opening, in the Fall of 1856. Its purpose was to prepare young ladies, residents of the city, for successful teaching in our Public Schools. The Normal Department was made an Independent School in 1871, and so continued till 1876, when it resumed its former relation to the High School. During the early years of the school, its membership was small; but as the public schools increased in number, the membership of the Normal increased in a corresponding ratio. For several years after the organization of the High School, the Normal Course of two years was largely academic; after the organization of the School of Practice, the instruction became more professional in its character, and prior to the suspension of the School, no instruction but such as pertained directly to school work was given. From the establishment of the High School in 1856, till the Normal Department became an Independent School in 1871, the examinations for admission to the Normal were identical with those for admission to the Academic Department. From September, 1870, till the susj^ension of the Normal Department in June, 1877, applicants for admis- sion were required to pass a special examination. After the organization of the Division High Schools in 1875, examinations for admission to the Normal School were discon- tinued, and all graduates of the High Schools were entitled to membership. The School of Practice was organized as a part of the Normal School in January, 1866, to afford its members an opportunity to engage in the actual work of school dis- cipline and instruction before graduation. It embraced at first two rooms in the adjacent Scammon School building. Subsequently the original number of rooms used for the practice work of the Normal was doubled. The Practice School was a most useful appendage of the Normal, and contributed largely to the successful teaching of its graduates in the public schools of the city. The first graduating class of the Normal consisted of one pupil, the last class of mne^j/one. The following tabular statement shows the number examined and admitted to the School from the time it became an Independent School, till its suspension in the year 1877, also the Average Membership each year, and the number of Graduates: Date of Examination June, 1872 , December, 1872 ... June, 1873 December, 1873 ... June, 1874 December, 1874 ... June, 1875 December, 1875 ... June, 1876 December, 1876 ... June, 1877 Number Examined. 68 14 69 *87" 17 131 Number Admitted. 58 7 41 20 75 64 Average Daily Membership. 63 "92 lie" 141' "91" Number of Graduates. 24 15 20 5 35 16 35 21 44 25 91 Historical Sketches. 67 The following named Teachers were connected with the Normal School from its first opening till the suspension of the School in 1877: PRINCIPALS. Ira Moore, Edward C. Delano, From October, 1856, to July, 1857. From September, 1857, to June, 1877. Elhi F. Young. Caroline S. A. Wygant. Clara Waiker. ASSISTANTS. Gertrude V. Lord. Carrie A, (leClercq. Susan Payne. Mary A. Lewis. The following is an alphabetical list of the Graduates of the Normal School, with the dates of their graduation : At water, Emma J. Atwater, Jennie F. Amesbury, Anna M. Anderson, Augusta J'^. Bailey, Lizzie A. Baker, Mattie J. Ball, Mary A. Bankson, E. Addie Barnard, Alice S. Barn.iFd, ^lary E. Barnard, Alattie A. Barnet, l-aboUa M. Barker, Sarali A. Banyon, Julia Bates, Alii'e S. Bates, Maggie G. Blanks, i,ouisa C. Blanks, Emma K. Bracken, Emma A. Bradley, Sarali A, Brainard, Ella Beach. Emily \,. Cadwell, Caroline Caklwcll, Annie J. Campbell, Eliza J. Campbell. Maiy Cannon, .Maggie P. Cannon, Abbie A. Cannon, 'l"lieresa A. Canney, .\liceB. Carlisle, Emily 1-. Carey, Susie A. Carpenter, Mary E. Carter. K. Ellen Carabine. Hannah W. Casey, .Maggie L Caster, i..auia E. Cavanali, Lizzie A. Cliackslield, Georglaua Chambers. Bosa Cliapin. Carrie E. Dalton, Kate Dammcrs, Cecilia Danforlli, Mary E. Davis, .lulia M. Davis, Mary A. Dawson, Anna S. Drake, Sarali E. De Golyer, Loreua Eaton, Sarah J. Edwards, Susie A. Edwards, Carrie J. 1864 Anderson, Jennie S. 1864 1877 Allen, Jennie 1869 1864 Allison, MaryL. 1872 1864 Aspinwall, Caroline S. 1863 1867 Beardsley, Kuth 1S74 1870 Beck, Lizzie F. 1877 1872 Beiigley, Aurelia 1877 1866 Benson, Bertha 1877 1872 Benson, Frances E. 1876 1873 Bergli, Marie S. 1868 1875 Bevans, Alice 1870 1869 Brennard, Minnie M. 1873 1868 Bigelow, HattieC. 1872 1863 Bird, Manila J. 1869 1866 Bliss, Enieline N. 1860 1869 Briggs. liattie A. 1863 1874 Briggs, Ida M. 1875 1876 Brine, Emily E. 1871 1873 Bond, Ellen M. 1874 1865 Boring, Laura .1. Is65 1867 Bouglian, Mary J. W. 1876 I860 Boyce, Eliza C. 1858 18.59 Clark, Mary i860 1872 Crane, Emiiia E. 1875 1869 Crane. Olivia A. 1877 1872 Cravens, .\nna 1872 1874 Crawlord, Arvilla I86I 1877 ("rawford, Lizzie 1866 1877 Creswcll, JNIary ,[. 18.59 1877 Creswell, Anna K. 1868 l«7l Christian, Klizabeili A. 1872 1877 Christian, Katie .1. 187'4 1S62 clingmau, Kate 1862 1S64 Cobb, Eden A. 1865 1S76 Cocktield, Agues 1875 1875 Coe, Amelia 8. 1866 1863 Coe, Clara B. 1871 1874 Cottee, J-lzzie 1873 1876 Cole, Elizabeth 1863 1S71 Cole, Ella C. 1870 1877 Cole, Certrude O. 1870 1872 Dickson, Nellie L. 1866 1874 Dillon, Katie E. 1876 1874 Diiiet, .loscpliine A. 1862 1864 Dixon, Nellie V. 187? 1877 Dodge. Azubali 'I'. 1863 1877 Dodge, Mary S. 1867 1864 Donogluic, Minnie A. E. 1877 1874 Dooley, Mary JM. 1877 1877 Edwards, Carrie L. 1875 1867 Evans, Mary A. i863 1868 Enrlglit, Bridget A. 1867 Ash worth, Nellie F. 1877 Armstrong, Henrietta 1862 Ayers, LillieG. 1876 Brooks, Emma 1861 Brooks, Sarah A. 1864 Brown, Marion 1876 Buchanan, Sarah .J. 1861 Buchanan, JNIary 1865 Bundy, Ada 1874 Burcky, Louise 1867 Burns, Annie M. 1877 Burns, Maggie 1866 Burns, Mary E, 1877 Burgess, Agnes D. 1869 Burke, Margaret 1873 Burrows, Sarah 1875 Butler, Adella E. 1864 Brust, Louisa 1877 Bryan, Kittie E. 1876 Byington, Lottie E. 1865 Compton, Annie M. 1875 Conistock, Mary E. 1862 Cook, Anna A. 1868 Coiiley, Mary A. 1873 Conway. Kate B. 1876 Coombs, Eliza J. 1863 Cooper, Kate E. 1876 Cooper, Flora "W". 1874 Coss, Frederika E. 1864 Coss, Bertha J. 1868 Costello, Maria L. 1868 Couch, Mary W. 1874 Cowan, Kate 1873 Crowe, Mary A. 1877 Culver, Jane 1863 Cunningham, Tberesa E. 1876 Curie, INIary A. 1872 Cusack, Nellie 1876 Dorsett, Ada 1863 Dougall, Jane 1865 Dowe, Annie 1877 Du Four, Agnes 1868 Duun.IMaryF. 1877 Dupuy, Virginia T. 1863 Dupuv, Henrietta 1874 ]';ckstorm, Sophie A. 1876 luistis, Selena A. 1877 68 Public Schools. Fallon, Celia S. 1876 Fairinan, Jennie 1866 Fair, Kinma J. 1S64 Fanell, Elizabeth O. iSBa Favor. Adelaide 1866 Flagg, N. Ella 1862 Flagg. Sarali O. 1863 Flaven.l^izzie 1867 Fenimoie, Emma JJ. 1868 Gattney, Judith A. i860 GaHney, Mary E. 1864 Calvin, JSellieM. 1873 (jarrison, Avi E. i874 Garrison, Florence N. 1876 Gavin, 8arah 1877 Gaylord, Carrie T. 1873 Glenn, Annie J. 1877 Green, Mary ]). 1863 Halket, Maggie 187 1 Halket, Belie M. Is73 llamblin, Martha E. 1876 Hainbrook, Hattie J. 1876 Hanford, Ella C. 1868 Hanna, Minnie VV. 1873 Hannan, Mary F. A, 1874 Hanton, Kale A. 1875 Hardiiige, Margaret 1869 Hart, Mary 1865 Hart, SaUie 1870 Hartigan, Mary S. L. i876 Jlaitney, Lizzie 1^. 1874 Harvey, Letitia M. 1873 Ingram, Nellie C. 1876 Jacobs,Botliella G. 1873 James, Margaret 1862 Jamot, yeraphine M. li. 1868 Jennings, Alice J. 1850 Jennings, Alinira S. 1864 Kearney, Lizzie H. 1S71 Kelly, Kate M. 1874 Kendall, Lucy 1861 Kendall, Mary J. I86i Kennedy, Elizabeth M. I85S Keohane, Marv G. I86I Kilie, Kate " 1870 Lacey, Mary A. 1865 Laing, Dora B. J 874 Leiande, Effie 1S74 Lamb, Ellen V. 1858 Lamb, Clara E. I86y Lamb, Grace A. 1873 Lane, Clara L. 1863 Lane, Sara S. 1863 Lane, Amelia E. 1871 Lane, Jennie B. 1875 McAuley, Jennie 1868 McCabe, Nellie G. 1877 McCaminon, Minnie 1869 McCarthy, Kose A. 1865 McCarthy, Elizabeth 1874 McCarthy, Maggie M. 1876 McCarthy, Mary A. 1876 McDowell, Jennie N. 1873 McGrath. Frances B. 1861 McGuire, Jennie F. 1870 McGraw, Amanda 1869 McHugh, Maggie A. 1874 Mcintosh, Lavmia C. 1874 McKay, Anna B. 1864 McKay. Nellie V. 1876 Fenimore, May A. 1876 Frennd, Behe M. 1877 Filz, Mary 1876 Fislier- Maggie A. 1877 Fislier, OttiiieL. 1877 Fitzgerald, Joanna A. 1872 Fitzgerald, Lizzie M. 1873 Fitzgerald, Mary E. 1875 Fitzsimnioiis, Mary E. J. 1874 Green, Flora E. 1867 Greene, Mary 1873 Gibbons, Mary Angela 1877 Gibbons, Mary Althea 1877 (iilmore, Celia M. 1871 Ginther, Fredrika W. 1868 Gritting, Georgia W. 1866 Gritting, Adelaide A. 1871 (hoggin, Maggie J.. 1875 Harvey, Mattie A. 1875 Hawkiiison, Amanda \V. 1877 Hayes, 8arah J. 1877 Haicli, Lizzie T. 1875 Haicli, Lizzie K. 1863 Hazelton, Koxami 1863 Hedenburg, Lsabella A. 1869 Heerwagen, Louisa 1874 Heinrotii, Luelia V. 1875 Helm, Nancy A. 1864 Hennessy, Mary E. i867 Henricks, Carrie J . 1876 Heron, Maiy (-. 187.) Frisbie, Helen M. 1875 Foley, Joanna E. 1874 Foru.tSarah J. 1873 Fortune, Maggie F. 1876 Fox, Jeannie L. 1875 Fromman, Emma M. A. 1877 Fuilerton, Marion ». 1874 Furnald, Mary E. 1866 Goold. S. Augusta 1860 Goold, Evaline 1873 Goold, Isabel F. 1877 (T0Uld,EdaE. 1868 Gosselin, Kebecca i860 Gubbins, Maggie M. l87o Gubbiiis, Annie E. 1875 Gurnev, Alice K. J872 Guth.TlieresaM. 1868 Hiestand, Emma L. 1875 liigliley, Henrietta S. 1877 Hiiioii, Eva E. i87o Hinclilitte, Jeannette O. 1869 Hinchlitte, Sarah a. 1875 Hitchcock, Hattie E. 1866 Hoard, Genevieve 1863 Hogan, Emma F. 1876 Hogan, Alice A. 1»77 Howard, Emma M. i869 Hudson, Isabella E. 1877 Hunter, Anna M. 1870 tliilchings, Charley E. 1869 Jennings, Annali B. 1864 Jensen, Miua D. 1875 Johns, Sophie C. 1868 Johnson, Eliza A. 1875 Johnson, Caroline M. 1876 Kilie, Ellen 1871 Kilie, Annie 187:i King. Laura A. 1866 Klein. Sena 1877 Kimball, Ida A. 1876 Kmgsley, Mary A. 1877 Kirby, Sarah J. 1861 Lang, Clara A. L. 1873 Law, E. Jessie 1874 La wson, Carrie L. 1877 Leavenworth, Jessie E. 1863 Lee, Delia M. 1877 Leland, Alice E. 1875 Lennon , Bridget T. 1875 l^eonard, Ellen E. I866 Leslie, Isabella 1869 Lewis, M. Jennie 1877 McKenzie, Jennie 1876 McKeon, Lizzie A. 1875 McFailand, Nettie 1876 McLean, Agnes 1877 McManiara, Maiy J. 1874 McNiel, Mary 1863 McNuUy, Maggie A 1876 McWade, Annie E. 1863 Mackie, Agnes 1866 Magee, Agnes 1867 Maher, Julia F. 1869 Maitlaud, Jennie E. 1871 Maloney, Jane E. 1876 Manley, Charlotte A. If^'^y Man to id, Mae Vi&'^ Johnston, Frances E. 1860 Jones, Sarali M. 187b Jones, Ella 1877 Josephi, Katie 1877 Kirk, S. Ellen 1868 Kirk, Jiizzie 1876 Kitt, A. Maria 1876 Kittell, Minnie A. 1873 Kling, Clara 1876 Kroeber, J.ouisa 1875 Kyle, M. Eugenia 1877 Jatka, Louisa C. 1872 Jjiviiifision, Anna 186b Livingston, Christine 1869 Locke Emma K. 1867 Looniis, H. Georgiana 1863 Loomis, Lettie 1865 Loomls. Elsie V. 1870 Lull, Fannie 1870 Lum, JdaG. 1867 Mann. Mary E. 1863 Mann, Mary E. 1873 Maiming, Mary E. 1877 Manstield, Mary E. 1875 Marr, Lizzie 1876 Martin, Clara T. 1877 Marshall. Sophia J. 1858 Marshall, Mary A. 1868 Mason, Fannie T. 1876 Maxwell, Jennie 1876 Mayhew, Ella C. 1870 Meads, Jennie E. 1877 Mear, Jessie C. 1876 Mear, Belle M. 1877 Melendy, Ellen K. 1863 Historical Sketches 6.) Meriiiiiaii, Maithu A. Miller, Hattie A. S. Miller, Josophlue E. Miller, Alice J. Miller, Mary Miller. Lizzi(! Mills. Ida 15. Minnis, Mai v K. Mimiis, Anna V. Minor, Lizzie A. Nangle, Annie L. Naraniore, Emily A. Naramore, Ida E. Nash, Anna A Oberlander, Sarah E. O'Brien, Mary E. O'Brien, Kittle O'Brien, Stella J. Palmer, Emeline A. Palmer, Fannie E. Panker, Anna E. Park, Inez L. Parker. Ida L. Patterson, Isabella Piatt, Mary J. Peacock, Maggie J. Peattie, Christine Qnigg, Lizzie llaffen, Maggie B. Rankin. Agnes Ranney, Harriet A. Reading, Mary J. Reed, Laura Reed,C;irrie M. Reeder. Lizzie Regan, Jennie K. Regan, Sarah L. H. Keilly, Laura F. A. Reilly, Julia E. St. Clair. Anna 1). Sancliez, Helen C. Sargent, Julia E. Schaefer, Mary T. Schnable, Claire E. Shanley, JaneF. Skaats. Harriet A. L. Smale, Elsie V. Stafford, Juniata Starrett, Lizzie H. Strauss, Carrie Shelby, Jennie Siieldbn, Ella F. Sneer, Carrie B. skelton, Elizabeth Sherwood, Grace INI. Sleeper, Carrie O. Tapper, Emma Taylor, Emma V. Taylor, i\I. Lulu Thayer, Lizzie D. Tenipleton. Jessie <;. Tremain, Frank E. Tierney, Fannie L. 1800 Moakley, Nellie H. 1876 Morteiiseu, Hannah S. 1865 1863 Moloney, Mary 1875 Moulton, Annie K. 1861 1864 Moody, Georglana 1862 Mullins, Elizabeth M. 1872 1871 Mooney. Lizzie 1870 Murphy, Margureite 1870 1873 Moore, Carrie A. 1867 Murphy, Anna 1873 1876 Moore, Louisa S. 1868 Murphy, Anna M. 1875 1875 INIoore, EvaE. 1870 Murphy, Klttie 1877 1867 Morey. Lillie E. 1870 Murphy, Tessie M. 1877 1874 Morris, Lucy L. 1876 1873 Morse, Mary 0. 1875 187.5 Neighbour, Jemima W. 1874 Nirison, Carrie A. 1877 1859 Neighbour. S. Ellen 1874 Nye, E. Irene 1858 1871 Neighbour, Jennie H. 1876 Nye, Nellie E. 1877 I8G9 Newell, Mary M. 1873 18G6 O'Connor, Mary F. 1874 Orb, Sophie 1876 1872 O'Connor, Anna M. 1876 Owen, Nancy B. 1869 1873 O'Hara, Jennie 1870 1877 O'Neill, Elizabeth S. 1877 1867 Peck, Helen M. 1862 Pinta, Laura E. 1871 1875 Peck. Hattie P. 1874 Pittar, Bessie V. 1872 1874 Perdue, Hannah A. 1877 Pride. Phebe 1872 1873 Perkins, Myra 1871 Powell, Joanna E. 1872 1866 Perkins. Kate F. 1872 Powers, Lizzie A. 1873 1864 Phelps, Cornelia 1865 Powers, Cora S. 1875 1877 Prendergast, Mary C. 1874 Proctor, Hannah E. 1874 1877 Pickard, Fanny M. 1869 1871 Pike, Adelaide S. 1876 1874 1875 Reunolds, Sylvia 1875 Ross, Mary E. 1861 1875 Revell.EmmaC. 1860 Rounds, Melissa B. 1860 1872 Ribolla, Charlotte M. 1874 Rowan, Frances E. 1869 1868 Rich, Annie C. 1863 Rudolpli. Bertha 1877 1864 Rickerson. Lillian 1874 Russell Ella M. 1871 1866 Roberts, Hannah 1877 Russell, Marion L. 1874 1867 Robertson, Christine W. 1877 Russell, Christine 1876 1873 Robinson, Adelia E. 1877 Ryan, Delia A. 1869 1874 Rockwe I.Annie E. 1866 Ryan, Sarah 1874 1809 Rosenfeld, Jennie 1877 Ryan, Libbie A. 1876 1873 Ross, Eva M. 1867 Eyan.Mary E. 1876 1876 Speer, Fiances A. 1863 Smith. Ellen R. 1868 1874 Stedman, Maria H. 1877 Smith. Eliza 1877 1875 Steen, Emma H. 1876 Scofield, Mary A. 1871 1864 Steiger, Anna 1869 Scoville.Kittie A. 1876 1875 Steiger, Bertha 1874 Schioldager, Inger M. 1874 1877 Stevens, M. Lulu 1873 Sollitt, Alice E. 1876 1873 Stevens, Susie C. 1877 Snow, Lottie L. 1877 1869 Sweiison, Jennie Vr 1875 Spooner, Lydia E. 1867 1875 Simpson. Tillie A. 1871 Spooner. Hattie F. 1867 1877 Simpson. H. Emma 1875 Story, Emma F. 1869 1876 Sinclair, Mary O. 1861 Sullivan, Margaret A. 1869 1864 Sinclair, Mary P. 1865 Sullivan, Alice M. 1875 1874 Sinclaii-, I>ibbie B. 1867 Scully, Jennie 1876 1864 Schiff, Hannah 1877 Sutherland, Frank E. 1864 1860 Shipman. Helen 1). 1869 Sturtevant, Laura H. 1869 1868 Smith, Elizabetli 1864 1873 Smith, Emma H. 1864 1875 Triniingiiam, Emily L. 1864 Thompson, Emma 1867 1858 Trimingham, Elizabeth 1868 Thompson, Jennie 1872 1873 Toner. Clara S. 1871 Thompson. Mattie W. 1873 18fi<) Tout. Eliza A. 1869 niompson, Mary E. 1875 1870 Thomas, Frederica E. 1865 Thome. Leoiia L. 1877 1876 Thomas, Lizzie 1875 Tullis. Florence S. 1867 1875 Thompson, Isabella H. 1861 Van der Kolk, Gertie S. 1875 70 Public Schools. Wainwnglit, Jennie Waite, Helen M. Waite, Ida M. Waldo. Anna E. Waldo, Cafklie H. Walker, Mate E. Walker, Oairie (). Walker. Clara Walsh, Maria E. Walsh. Joanna A. Walsh, Joanna M. J. Walsh. Mary M. T. Walsh, Louise J. A. Walsh. Mollie J. Walsh, Maggie .J. Warner, Ellen J. Watklns. Anna H. Waugh. Sarah Youdale, Eliza Youdale, Annie M. 1866 1867 1874 1873 1874 18G7 1876 1S7C 1871 187:2 1870 187(! 1877 1877 1877 1862 1865 1871 Whalen. Annie Wert, Minnie E. West, Hulda A. Wheadon, Minnie E. Wheadon, Alice Whedon, Lulu M. Williams, Lizzie C. Williams, Viola A. Williams, Melissa A. Wilmans. Louise C. Wilmans. Mary A. Wilcox, Marianne S. Wilson, Sarah E. Wilson, Kate Winchell, Ann E. Winchell.HattieN. Wingrave, Clara Wingrave, Annie E. 1874 Young, Lizzie M. 1877 Young, Kate R. Zimmerman, Annetta F. 1871 1877 Winters. Louisa C. 1875 1877 Withey, Cora 1876 1876 White, Sarah 1868 1876 White, Fannie E. 1869 1877 White, Carrie E. 1876 1877 White, Josie M. 1877 1868 Whitehead, Sarah 1859 1872 WhitehOMd, Agnes 1877 1869 Whittv, Mary R. 1877 186!) Whittaker, Anna E. 1875 1861 Wright, Emma K. H. 1864 1872 Wright, Jennie M. 1865 1869 Wright. Louisa C. 1872 1877 Wright. Emily A. 1874 1858 Woodford, Susie W. 1867 1864 Woods Mary A. 1877 1866 Wysoon, Sophie 1874 1872 Wysoon. Nettie G. 1876 1870 Young. Kate S. 1875 1871 VOCAL MUSIC. The question of Instruction in Vocal Music engaged the attention of the school authorities at an early day. In December, 1841, the following report was submitted to the Common Council: The undersigned, Inspectors of Common Schools of the City of Chicago, and also mem- bers of a Committee appointed for the pui'poso, resppcif iilly represent : That a meeting of the Inspectors and Trustees of ( 'onuiion Schools of this City was held at the office of William .Tones. Esq., on the loth day of December, in order to ascertain and examine into the propriety of introducing Vocal Music into the Common Schools of the City. Upon a full consideration of tliesul).iect, it was unanimously agreed that the introduction of Vocal Music, under the superintendence of a competent teacher, into the Common Schools of the City, would be of great importance and tend much to the improvementof the scholars, and be of great advantage to the Schools. We therefore respectfully recommend the subject to your Honorable Body, and trust that yon will take sucli action in the matter as its importance demand-;. Signed by N. H. Bolles, Win. .Jones, John Gray and H. S. Ruckcr. The first teacher of Vocal Music was Mr. N. Gilliert, who was appointed in December, 1841, at a salary of ^16 per montli. In September, 184*2, the School Inspectors voted to employ Mr. Gilbert " for six months longer, at the rate of $400 per annum, payable when the tax is collected." Instruction in Vocal Music was discontinued after the first quarter in the year, 1843. In July, 1845, the Committee on Schools of the Common Council report, "that the funds for the support: of Schools will not admit of the employment of a Teacher of Music in the Common Schools at the present time." April 20, 1846. The Committee on Schools of the Common Council, to which was referred the subject of enquiring into the propriety and expediency of introducing Vocal Music in the Common Schools of the City reported " tliat they do not deem it advisable, under the existing claims upon the School Fund, to incur the additional expense of employing a Music Teacher." Historical Sketches. 71 The School Inspectors, in their quarterly report submitted to the Common Council in September, 1846, inform the Council that Snice tlieirlast report permission lias been uranted to a competent Teacher of Music to teacli Music in the Schools for a small remuneration afforded him by tiie scholars, or as many of them as can or will i)ay ; that tlie scholars are verv fond of this new exercise, and that it is believed to exert a most beneficial influence upon their tastes and feelings. And in their next (quarterly report, submitted in December, 1846, they say : From what we have seen of the influence and effect of introducing Music into our Schools as a part of the education of all. we would strongly recommend that a tea -her be permanently cmi'loxod to devote his wliole attention to the "several Schools of our City. Mr. Whitman has for some months past been giving lessons in Music to a In rge number of scholars in the several districts, and the effect has been of the most salutary character. In June, 1846, the School Inspectors granted permission to the Choral Union Musical Society to occupy the recitation room in the school building in District No. 1» for the purpose of singing, Provided. They will give a concert under the direction of the Inspectors once a year, during the time they may use the room, for the benefit of the Common School Libraries, the books to be purchased under the supervision of the Inspectors. March 26, 1847. The Committee on Schools of the Common Council, to which Iiad been referred the question of enquiring into the expediency of making Vocal Music one of the permanent branches to be taught in the Common Schools of the city, and of employing a teacher for that purpose, report : That ihey would approve of the suggestion to make Vocal Music a permanent branch of instruction if the condition of the Schonl Fund would admit of the expense, but that at the present time they feel it their duty to report adversely to the payment of a Music Teacher from the School Fund. Nov. 12, 1847, the following order was passed : Ordered. Tliat the School Inspectors be authorized to employ a competent teacher for the instruction of Music in the Common Schools in this city for one year, and that the sum of .'§250 be appropriated from the School Fund for the payment of ^uch instruction. Mr. F. Lombard was appointed about January 1, 1848, as a teacher of Vocal Music. In April, 1850, the School Inspectors adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That instruction in the elementary principles of Vocal Music is desirable in all our public schools, and that an approi)iiation of money should be made for the purpose of employing a competent Teacher of Music, at as early a day as the finances of the city will permit. And during the same month a petition was submitted to the Common Council, ask- ing that an npproiriation be made for the payment ot a Teacher of Vocal Music, signed by the following named School Trustees and School Inspectors : L. B. Boone, Isaac Spear and A. Getzler, Trustees of District No. i ; J. A. Wright, Wm. Bross and H. Porter, Trustees of District No. 2: Elisha Marks, John Sheriffs and H. H. Yates. Trustees of District No. j ; and Henry Smith, Daniel Mcllroy, F. Moseley, C. W. Southworth and Andrew J. Brown, School hispectors. In July, 1850, the Common Council passed the following order : Ordered, That an appropriation of $400 be made out of any money in the City Treasury belonging to the School Tax Fund, not otherwise appropriated, to be expended by the Trus- tees of I'onmion Scdiools in teacliing Vocal Music in the seveial schools of the city. At the meeting held December 14, 1850, the following action was taken by the Boai'd of School Inspectors: On motion, the term for which the INIusic Teachers in the Public Schools were employed, being near its close, jRoorocd. That the Board of Inspectors do hereby invite the School Trustees, and all others interested in the subject, to visit the different schools on the days during the coming week when the music lessons are given, to wit. : School No. l, Tuesday and Thursday; School No. 2, Wednesday and Friday ; School No. 3, Tuesday and Thursday ; School No. 4, Wednesday and Friday . 7 2 Public Schools. Ordered, That the Secretary give due notice to the Trustees to lucot the Inspectors at their last meeting tliis month to elect Music Teachers. The following is the record of the action taken at the meeting of December 28, 1850: A large majority of the Trustees and Inspectors having met pursuant to i)ublic notice, for the purpose of electing a Music Teacher or Teachers, for the Public Schools, Mr. Elisha Clark was called to the chair, And, on motion, proceeded to ballot for a teacher, and. Mr. Lombard receiving the largest number of votes was declared duly elected, and directed to taUe charge of the musical instruction of the four Schools, for the term of six months. On motion. Resolved, That the time to be occupied in teaching Music shall he half an hour in the lower room of each school, and three quarters of an hour in the upper room of each school, and that the rudiments of Music be taught in both departments of each school. In April, 1851, the Board of Inspectors adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That in the opinion of tliis Board, the teaching of Music in our Public Scliools is of great benefit ; we therefore recommend an appropriation for a Teacher of Music for the coming year. At the meeting of May 30, 1851, the Common Council passed an order appropri- ating the sum of $400 for the purpose of teaching Vocal Music in the Public Schools of the city. April 19, 1852, the salary of the Teacher of Vocal Music was advanced from ^400 to ^500 per annum, in consideration of his services at the two new buildings recently opened, the Franklin and Washington. Mr. Frank Lombard continued in charge of instruction in Vocal Music till Decem- ber, 1853, and was succeeded by Christopher Plagge. Mr. Plagge resigned March, 1854, and was succeeded by Mr. J. L. Slayton, who served till July, 1856. In Septem- ber, 1856, Mr. William Tillinghast was elected Teacher of Vocal Music at a salarj' of $1,000 per annum, and remained till the middle of October, 1860. October 27, 1860, on motion of Mr. Moseley, it was voted, " that it is inexpedient to appoint a Teacher of Music at the present time." July 1, 1862, a special Committee on the employment of a Music Teacher, report unfavorably to the employment of a Teacher of Music, on account of the condition of the finances of the city. September 29, 1863, a report is made recommending that the Board pay $500 per annum toward the salary of a Teacher of Music, and that the balance be made up by subscription. November 3, 1863, Mr. Charles Ansorge was appointed Teacher of Vocal Music for the High School, the Board to pay $50 per annum toward his salary ; and Mr. Orlando Blackman was elected Teacher of Music for the Grammar and Primary Schools, the Board to pay $450 per annum toward his salary. October 15, 1864, the salary of Mr. Blackman is fixed at $1,400 per annum. Mr. Ansorge resigned January 31, 1865, October 31, 1865, an appropriation of $600 per annum was made for the employ- ment of an additional Teacher of Music, and Mr. Edward £. Whittemore was employed, his services at the time being confined to three days per week. The Committee on Music, in their Annual Report for the School Year ending July 8, 1869, speaks of the instruction in Vocal Music, as follows : In M;irch, iSai, Mr. Bhickmau asked the Board for permission to instruct the Primary Teachers in singing, and also to arrange work for them to give to their pupils. Tliis permis- sion was granted. A Graded Course in Singing was then arranged for the Primary Schools. Historical Sketches. 73 Two yoaiH since, ]\lr. E. E. Wliitteinoie took the entire chariic of Music in the Gram - mar Deijartmeni,. and fixed two grades, namely, tlie third and fourth, the two highest gradRS reviewing ihefourtli and studyniRtlie tliird,tli'e two lowest grades beginning at the fourth. One year since, two other grades were added, and each grade in the department took up the work allotted to it. Tliis completed the grading of the Course of Instruction in Vocal Music, in the Grammar and Primary Grades, since which time, September, 1868, the Schools have all worked upon a systematic Course of Instruction in this branch. The class instruction is given entirely by the regular teachers, the Special Teacher of Music furnishing the teachers with the exercises to be used in their respective grades and supervising the work of the teachers. At the annual election of Teachers in June, 1875, Mr. Whittemore declined a re- election owing to failing health, since which time Mr. Blackman has had the entire charge of the Instruction in this branch. DRAWING. The question of instruction in Drawing as a branch of study in the Public Schools does not appear to have taken any definite shape till toward the year 1869. The Superintendent of Schools, in the Twelfth Annual Report of the Board, for the School Year 18G5-6, speaks of the subject as follows : This bran'-h of study has been quite generally neglected in our Schools, at least so far as systematic instructioii Is concerned. Some of our Principals, feeling the importance of the study and the practice, have exi)erimented upon a Graded Course in Drawing, with special reference to the Primary Grades. He then speaks of a Course adopted in the Brown School, taken from the Barthol- omew Series of Drawing Books, and recommends the Board to make some provision for supplying the schools with some series of Graded Lessons in Drawing, and also recommends the employment of a Teacher of Drawing for the Grammar Grades. The next reference to the subject of Drawing In the Public Schools is in the Four- teenth Annual Report of the Board, for the School Year 1867-8, in which the Super- intendent of Schools says : As in Reading so in Drawing, I have endeavored, through the Institute, to make avail- able the valiuible services of a teacher specially fitted for that work. Miss A. E. Triminghani, Teacher of Drawing in tlie High School has given Teachers instruction, so far as the lin-.ited time would allow. "TIk; little that was accomplished made the importance of a Teacher of Drawing for our Grammar and Primary Schools evident. Mr. Scribner has given some atten- tion to the Art of Penmanship, and shall its sister Art of Drawing be entirely neglected? The Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their Report presented March 30, 1860, recommend that Bartholomew's Drawing Cards be made use of by the teachers, aset to be purchased for and furnished to each school. When this report came up for consideration. May 4, 1869, Bartholomew's Drawing Books were adopted as text books to be used by pupils in the Public Schools. The Instruction in Drawing as given in the schools not proving satisfactory, the Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction, in their report submitted April 5, 1870, recommend that the study of Drawing be dropped from the list of studies taught in the District Schools. Upon the consideration of this recommendation. May 3, 1870, the subject was re-committed to the Committee, with instructions to report back to the Board. ij/\. Piihlic Schooh. Novemljer 1, 1870, the Committee on Text Books and Course of Instruction report adversely to the continuation of the study of Drawing as now taught in tlie District Schools, which recommendation was adopted November 15, 1870. At the same meet- ing, however, the question of the employment of Teachers of Drawing was referred to the Committee. The Committee conclude their report on this subject, presented December 6, 1870, as follows: Your Committee woulrt therefore recommend that two teachers be employed for tlie remainder of the year to superintend the Drawing, and that two lessons per week be given In eacli of the first six grades, the time iind lengtli of the lessons to be regulated by a prograumie, to be drawn up under the direction of the Principals of the several schools. This report was adopted at the same meeting, and at the meeting of December 20, 1870, the Committee recommended the employment of Misses Clai-a F. Currier and Mary Starr, at a salary of ^1,000 per annum, each. This recommendation was adopted at the same meeting by a vote of 12 to 1. Misses Currier and Starr resigned during the summer vacation of 1872, and the vacancies .-caused by their resignation were filled August 27, 1872, by the election of Misses Carrie E. Powers and Julia H. Arms. Miss Arms resigned in August, 1874, and the vacancy was filled by the election of Mrs. Natalie Roemheld, who filled the position till the close of the Winter Term of 1875. The Bartholomew ."^eries of Drawing Books remained in use till the close of the School Year, 1873-4, when they were replaced by the Walter Smith System of Free Hand Drawing, which is now in use. The publishers of the Walter Smith System furnished a teacher, Mr. O. J. Pierce, free of cost to the city, during the School Year, 1874-5, to give the regular teachers a thorough Course of Instruction in the System. Mr. Pierce also took charge of the Instruction in Drawing in the Normal School duiing this year. In July, 1875, Mr. Pierce was elected Superintendent of Instruction in Drawing at a salary of $2,000 per annum. At the close of the School Year 1875-76, in consequence of an order of the Common Council requiring a general reduction of twenty-five per cent, in the expenditures of the city, the employment of a Superintendent of Instruction in Drawing was discontinued, and at the opening of the schools in September, 1876, the publishers of the Walter Smith System, in order that the study of Drawing might not be interfered with by such action, furnished a special Teacher of Drawing, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Dimock, at their own expense, to take charge of the instruction in this branch. Mrs. Dimock continued in chai'ge of the Instruction in Drawing till July, 1877, when she was elected by the Board, Special Teacher of Drawing lor the ensuing School Year, at a salary of $1,500 per annum. Mrs. Dimock has remained in charge of thh Instruction of Drawing since that date to the present time. INSTRUCTION IN GERMAN IN THE DISTRICT SCHOOLS. The initiative step towaid the introduction of the study of German in the Public Schools of Chicago below the High School was taken in May, 1865, by the adoption of the following resolution presented by Mr. Lorenz Brentano; Historical Sketches. 75 " Rc&olvtd, That a committee of tlnee be appointed by the Chair to eiuiuire into the expediency and propriety of introducing a Course of Instruction in the German Language ill tlie Public Schools of the City of Chicago." The Chair appointed Messrs. L, Brentano, George C. Clarke and S. S. Hayes to constitute this Committee, who reported July '), 1865. Their report closes as follows : " Your Committee liolieve tliat the introduction of lessons in the German language is at least worthy of a fair trial, and therefore beg leave to present the following resolutions : " Resolved. That the instruction in the German language shall be a part of the course of tuition in the Public Schools of the City of Chicago. "ii*exo?i-e(?. That such Instruction shall be given as soon i;s practicable in at least one of the District Schools ot each Division of the City. " Resiilird, That the Committee on Text-Books and Course of Instruction l)e, and they are, hereby instructed to select one school in each of the three Divisions of the City, in which school, uistnictiou in the German language shall be given to all the pupils whose parents or guardians desire it. prm'ided that at least sixty pupils of such school shall be willing and desn-ous to attend to lessons in German." The report of the Committee was considered by the Board at the meeting of July lo, 1805, and, after discussion, Mr. James F. Ballantyne offered the following resolu- tion to take the place of the recommendation of the Committee, which was adopted, to wit: " Re.'tolred, That the report on the introduction of the German language as a branch of instruction into our Public Schools be referred back to the Committee, with instructions to consider the proprietv of making the experiment in one*of the District Schools of the City, and that said Committee be prepared to make a report at the next meeting of this Board, in which they shall designate the school In which they deem it expedient to make the expernnent with the expense which said experiment shall incur." The Committee reported on this resolution August 1, 1865, recommending that the experiment be made in the Washington School, in the West Division of the City; which recommendation was adopted, and a class was formed in this school in October, 1865, under the charge of Mrs. Pauline M. Reed. Instruction was given to pupils in all the grades except the two lowest grades. In April, 1866, Mrs. Reed was transferred to the High School to take charge of the instruction of French and German in said school, and Mrs. Caroline McFee took charge of the class in German at the Washington School. At the meeting of the Board, June 12, 1866, the Committee on German reported that 115 pupils were pursuing the study of German in the Washington School, pro- nounced " the undertaking a perfect success," and expressed themselves as having " no doubt that this Board would be fully sustained if the German language were at once introduced in all the Distiict Schools," and closed their report as follows : " Your Committee, although not yet prepared to recommend such action, have come to the conclusion that the experiment ought to be considered sufficient and satisfactory, and pronounced a success, and that the Course of Instruction in German, which is at present limited to the Washington School ought to be extended to at least one school in each of the three Divisions of the City, with the privilege of a further extension if the parents or guardians of at least sixty pui)ils should signify their earnest desire that their children or wards might be alfordcd an ()pi)ortunity to learn German. "Your Committee would respectfully recommend as schools in which German shall be introduced at the beginning of tlu^ ensuing School Year, the School in the South Division, and the School in the North Division, and that in the other schools provision for the insiruction in the German language be made as soon as the requisite number of iiujiils shall be willing to particii)ate in such instruction." The recommendations of the Committee were adopted at the same meeting, except that it was required for the introduction of the study into other schools than the single t)nes designated for each of the Divisions of the city, that the parents or guardians of at least one hundred and fifty pui>ils, instead of sixty pupils, should signify their earnest desire that their children or wards be afforded an opportunity to pursue the study. At the meeting of July 10, 1866, the Franklin School was designated as the school 76 Public Schools. in the North Division of the city in which the study should be introduced, and the Moseley School in the South Division of the City. At the same meeting the Board voted to introduce the study in the Nevi'berry School in the North Division, and in the Wells School in the West Division of the City, the parents and guardians of the requisite number of pupils having expressed a desire that their children or wards be permitted to take up the study. The Committee on Germans report at the close of the year that 700 pupils are pursuing the study in the District Schools, and recommend that the teachers of German hold Monthly Institutes in order to discuss methods of teacliing, and thus secure greater uniformity in carrying forward their work. The study was introduced into the Cottage Grove School in May, 1868; in the Kinzie School in September, 1868; in the Carpenter School in January, 1869; in the La Salle Street Primary School in January, 1870 ; and in the Haven School in May, 1870. At the close of the School Year 1869-70, the Committee on German reported that the number of pupils pursuing the study in the District Schools during the Summer Term was 2,597. The study was introduced into the Skinner School in September, 1870; in the Scammon School in October, 1870; in the Lincoln School, in January, 1871. At the close of the year the Committee on German report that 4,207 pupils are studying German in the District Schools; 1,441 of whom were in Grammar Grades, and 2,856 in Primary Grades. The study was introduced into the Ogden School during the month of September, 1871. The Great Fire of October, 1871, caused a suspension of the study tilt the following January. At the close of the School Year, in June, 1872, 2,359 are reported to be pursuing the study ; this reduction in numbers is owing to the fact that several of the buildings in the North Division of the City where the study had been taught, were destroyed by the Fire, and had not yet been re-built. Of the 2,359 pursuing the study during the year, 871 were in Grammar Grades, and 1,488 were in Primary Grades. The Committee on German, in their Annual Report published in the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Board for the year ending June, 1873, recommend that the instruction in German in the District Schools be graded, and that pupils be required to pass an examination on this study the same as in English studies in passing from grade to grade, and in order to secure a thorough grading and uniformity of instruction that a Superintendent of German be appointed, and also that the study be discontinued in the Primary Grades. They report 3,724 pupils pursuing the study during the year. At the meeting of the Board, May 26, 1874, Miss Regina W. Shauer was elected Superintendent of the Instruction of German at a salary of $1,000 per annum. The Committee in their Annual Report at the close of the School Year, June, 1874, report that 2,694 pupils have pursued the study during the year, 1,604 of whom were in Grammar Grades, and 1,090 in Primary Grades. During the year a Graded Course of Study in German was prepared with special reference to its adaptation to the English Course, which was adopted and used at the beginning of the School Year, in Septem- ber, 1874. Historical Sketches. 77 The study was taken up in the Brown and Dore Schools in October, 1874. At the close of the School Year 3,359 are reported as reported as pursuing the study during the year, of whom 1,837 were in Grammar Grades, and 1,522 in Primary Grades. During the Fall of 1875, the number of Grades in the English Course was reduced from ten Grades to eight Grades, the first four Grades being called Primary, and the last four Grammar Grades, and at the same time the following action was taken with reference to the study of German : " Instruction in German in tlie schools when It is hitroduced sliall be given to the Gram- mar Grades only ; wlien the pupils pass from the fourth to the liftli Grade, it shall be tlie option of the parent or guardian to designate wliether sncli pupil sliall have the benefit of instruction in German or not during the term of the Grammar Course." The Committee at the close of the School Year 1875-76 report that 2,706 pupils had pursued the study during the year in the District Schools, 580 of whom were in Primary Grades; and at the close of the School Year 1876-77 they report that 1,806 have pursued the study. The study was confined entirely to Grammar Grades this year, The Committee on German, in their Annual Report for the School Year 1875-6, recommend the adoption of the system in use in the Cincinnati Schools, where the Teachers in this Branch are not .Special Teachers for instruction in German only, but who are also qualified to teach the English branches. The schools in which the study is taught being divided into English classes and German classes, the pupils of the English classes pursue the English studies only, and the pupils of the German classes pursue both English and German studies. The German classes are instructed by the teachers of German during the forenoon, using during this time the German language entirely in the class instruction, while the English teachers have charge of the English classes; and diiring the afternoon the classes change teachers, the English classes are taught in English by the German Teachers who are fully qualified to teach both languages, and the German classes by the English Teachers. This change has been urged by the Committee from year to year since that lime, but the instruction has not yet assumed fully this character, although it has been partially tried in at least one of the schools. At the meeting of August ',), 1877, the Board authorized the introduction of the study into the King School, the study was also introduced in the North Clark Street School during this year. At the Annual Election of Special Teachers, held July 11, 1878, Mr. Gustav A. Zimmermann was elected .Special Teacher of German to succeed Miss Shauer. The Committee report the number pursuing the study during the School Year 1877-78, at 1,912. During the Fall Term of 1878, the study of German was introduced into the Calumet Avenue School. At the close of the School Year 1878-79, the study is taught in eighteen of the District Schools as follows : six in the North Division — the Kinzie, the Franklin, the Ogden, the Newberry, the Lincoln, and the North Clark Street School; four in the South Division — the Mosely, the Haven, the Cottage Grove, and the Calumet Avenue Schools ; and eight in the West Division — the Scammon, the Washington, the Brown, the Wells, the Skinner, the Dore, the Carpenter, and the King School ; with a total number pursuing the study during the year of 825 in the North Division of the city; of 423 in the South Division; and 801 in the West Division. 78 Public Schools. EVENING SCHOOLS. The fiist experiment of organizing Free Evening Schools was made during the Winter of 1856. The sessions of the school were held in the West Market Hall, on West Randolph Street, between Desplaines and Union streets, three evenings each week, under the charge of Daniel S. Wentworth, Principal of the School No. 3, (Scammon School), assisted mainly by Teachers of the Day Schools. The use of the Hall was furnished by the city, and the services of the Teachers were gratuitous. The School opened with about 60 scholars, the Total Enrolment during the session was 208, with an Average Attendance of about 150. Nothing further appears to have been done toward the support of Public Evening Schools till the Winter of 1863. The school was opened in. the Dearborn School building on Madison street, between State and Dearborn streets, on the eighth day of January, 1863, and remained in session till March 23, 1863. The sessions of the School for Males were held on Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings; and those . of the School for Females were held on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday evenings. The Total Enrolment during the session was 294 males and 189 females; the Average Attendance was 146 males and 74 females; and the cost, being for services of Teachers only, was $389. The school was re-opened November 9, 1863, and remained in session till March 5, 1864. The Total Enrolment during this session was 721; with an Average Attend- ance of 186 ; and a cost of !p767.10. The first appropriation made by the Common Council directly for the support of Public Evening Schools was during the Fiscal Year 1864-65, when an appropriation of $5,000 was made for this purpose, to be paid from the General Fund. This appropriation enabled the Board of Education to enlarge the system of Public Evening Schools, and in the Fall of 1864 Evening Schools were opened in the Franklin School building in the North Division of the city; in the Dearborn and the Haven School buildings in the South Division of the city; and in the Washington and Foster School buildings in the West Division of the city. The Evening Schools were continued each year from 1863 to 1871, when, owing to the Great Fire, they were broken up, and no appropriation was made by the Council till 1873. They were re-opened in the Fall of 1873, and with the exception of the year 1876, they have been kept in operation from ten to fourteen weeks each year till the present date. In the Fall of 1868, an Evening High School Class was formed under the charge of Mr. Selim H. Peabody, a teacher in the High School, in which instruction was given in the higher mathematics, bookkeeping, mechanical philosophy, and mathe- matical drawing. These Evening High School Classes were continued in connection with the Evening School till the Great Fire in the Fall of 1871, a few weeks after the opening of the Evening Schools for that year. Up to this time the Evening High School Class held its sessions in the Dearborn School building. The sessions of the Evening High School Class were not resumed until the Fall of 1874, when tliey Historical Sketches. 79 were held in the frame building on the High School lot. During the sessions of 1877 and 1878, the study of short hand was introduced in the Evening High School Classes. The following tabulated statement shows the date of the opening of the Evening Schools each year, the length of the sessions, the total enrolment of pupils, the average attendance, the total cost, and the cost per pupil based on the average attendance. The number of weeks the Evening Schools were in session refers to the schools in which the ordinary branches were taught. For a portion of the time the Evening High School Class was continued a few weeks longer each year. DATE OF OPENING Januaiy, 1856 January 8, 186:] November 9, 1868.. October 24, 1864 November \?>, 1865, November 13, 1866, September 30, 1867, September 21, 1868 September 20, 1869 September 23, 1870 September 22, 1873 September 21, 1874 October 5, 1875 September 10, 1877 October 7, 1878 Number of Weeks in Session 12 16 11 14 13 16 14 12 14 13 14 10 14 10 Total Knrolment 208 483 721 1,892 2,384 3,212 3,653 3,003 3,828 3,361 2,694 2,396 3,241 3,245 2,360 Average A.tten(1'nce 150 220 186 736 751 937 935 1,005 1,121 849 785 681 1,076 848 730 Total Cost for the Session . % 389.00 767.10 4,849.98 7,240 00 6,907.48 9,163.12 9,521.91 9,938.07 7,054.53 6,816.63 7,173.62 6,995.50 7,511.28 4;765.83 tlost pel- Pupil in Average Atteiulaiice. Graiuitous. P 1.77 4.12 6.59 9.64 7.50 9.80 9 47 8.87 8.34 8.69 10.54 6.50 8.86 6.53 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 019 877 744 4 T- ^f y i /'-v ' ^ 1 c r^ < r \'^'^ r r< ^,^ re Cr. •Cc. ' *.~r «-« "" !• * ^ « t ( r^i «<. ' r« *u.;. ■ r < <- ci r r . CL rr . -. < > r ^< .< € ^. ''arc