PHILADELPHIA: AMERICAN MECCA. PRESENTI D : : a l. '\;i:::\.^ ^ -..::;« No. 123 North Third Street, Leather and Shoe Findings. PHILADELPHIA: THE AMERICAN MECCA A GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA AN© FAIRMOUNT PARK. THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO ALL STRANGERS, BY ITS AUTHOlt Chas. A. Widmer, Jr. f0 * PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE~STREET 1876. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by C H A S . A . WIDMER, Jr., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. All rights reserved. FAIRMOUNT PARK. Fairmount Park consists of 2991 acres of ground lying on the banks of the Schuylkill River and the Wissahickon Creek. The scenery in the park is grand, and the views obtained from some of the elevated spots the finest in the world. Nature has divided the grounds into five subdivisions — Fairmount, Lemon Hill, the East Park, the West Park, and the Wissahickon. THE FAIRMOUNT SUBDIVISION. This subdivision lies on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, north of Biddle Street, and south of the Green Street entrance to the park. It is reached from the cen- tral part of the city by cars running west on Fairmount Avenue, Callowhill, Vine, Arch, and Pine Streets. It contains many objects of interest, as the water-works, the storage basins, the dam, and the memorial bust and statue of Fred. Graff, the designer of the Fairmount water-works. Fountains, rustic summer houses, and flower-beds are scat- tered through its grounds. Magnificent views of the surrounding city and park are obtained from the top of the basin. To the north, row after row of handsome dwellings wed the city and country into an everlasting relationship. To the northeast, the massive columns of Girard College boldly proclaim to the world the great trusts they protect ; while nearer, the 4 FAIRMOUNT PARK. turrets and high battlement walls of the Eastern Peniten- tiary, sentinel-like, remind us of the great distrusts they guard. To the east, the eye dwells upon stately mansions, church spires, and immense manufacturing establishments. We look down Spring Garden Street from the summer house above, and plainly discern the steeple of the Alex- ander Presbyterian church, Nineteenth and Green Streets, 200 feet high, Christ Church, Reformed, Sixteenth and Green Streets, the North Broad Street Presbyterian church, Broad and Green Streets, 232 feet high, the Synagogue of Rodef Shalom, Broad and Mount Vernon Streets, the Central High School, Broad and Green Streets, the Spring Garden Street Methodist Episcopal church, Twen- tieth and Spring Garden Streets, the Fifth Baptist church, Eighteenth and Spring Garden Streets, 156 feet high, the Church of the Assumption, Roman Catholic, Spring Garden Street, north side, near Twelfth, 160 feet high, and St. Mark's Lutheran church, Spring Garden Street, south side, above Thirteenth Street, 225 feet high. To the southeast, and almost hiding each other from view, is the massive dome of the Cathedral, Eighteenth and Race Streets, 216 feet high, the steeple of the First Baptist church, northwest corner Broad and Arch Streets, 225 feet high, the steeple of the Methodist Episcopal church, southeast corner Broad and Arch Streets, 233 feet high, and the finger-like tower of the Masonic Temple, north- east corner Broad and Filbert Streets, 240 feet high. A little further southward the dome of the West Arch Street Presbyterian church, Eighteenth and Arch Streets, 170 feet high, the Tabernacle Baptist church, Chestnut above Eighteenth, 212 feet high, and the West Spruce Street Presbyterian church, Seventeenth and Spruce, 248 feet high, pierce the sky. The southern face of the basin commands a view of the Market Street bridge, the abat- toir in West Philadelphia, the round houses of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, the upper deck of the Callowhill Street bridge, and the Schuylkill River. On the west is the Twenty-fourth ward, with its many residences, and the standpipe of the West Philadelphia water-works, 135 feet high. A northwestern view commands the Centennial Build- 5 ESTABLISHED 1825. LEWIS BREMER'S SONS, TOBACCO WAREHOUSE No. 322 North Third Street, AND No. 327 Dillwyn Street, PHILADELPHIA. AGENTS FOR Catlin's Golden Thread Fine Cut. J. F. Allen & Co.'s Cigarettes, Richmond, Va. J. W. Carroll's Lone Jack, Lynchburg, Va. R. W. Oliver's Tobacco, Richmond, Va. G. W. Gail & Ax's Smoking Tobacco, Bait., Md. A LAEGE ASSOETMENT OE LEAF and HAVANA TOBACCO, YARA, ETC., CONSTANTLY ON ttJ^JSTJD. 6 Memorandum Page of Lewis Bremer's Sons. FAIRMOUNT PARK. 7 ings and grounds, the Zoological Garden, the boat houses of the Schuylkill Navy, the bronze statue of Abraham Lin- coln on the plateau near Lemon Hill, and the Schuylkill River with its pleasure boats. We have witnessed a picture not excelled by any other living panorama in the world. The main drive enters Fairmount Park at the Green Street entrance, passes along the plateau near the Abraham Lincoln statue, over the high grounds of Lemon Hill, and across the Girard Ave- nue bridge. From the entrance to the east end of Girard Avenue bridge it is 1 mile. " " George's Hill, direct, it is . . 3£ miles. " " Belmont, direct, it is . . . . 3| " " " Falls bridge, via West Park, it is . . 6£ " " " Wissahickon Pike, it is . . . 7^ *' From the mouth of the Wissahickon to Valley Green it is .4 " " " " " Thorp's Mill Lane it is 5 " The total distance is 12^ miles from the entrance, through the West Park, over the Falls bridge, to the end of the Wissahickon drive. THE LEMON HILL SUBDIVISION. The Lemon Hill subdivision contains all that tract of ground lying on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, south of Girard Avenue, north of Fairmount, and west of the Reading Railroad. It is reached from the central part of the city by the cars of the Union Line Passenger Railway, landing pas- sengers at the entrance leading directly to the fish-pond and flower-beds, to the mineral spring and Lincoln statue, and by terraces to the mansion on the top of the hill; and, also, by cars on Girard Avenue (a branch of the Eighth Street Line) landing passengers on its northern border. The river side of this subdivision is very abrupt and high. At its base are the beautiful stone nouses of the Schuylkill Navy, composed of the College, Crescent, Malta, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Quaker City, Undine, and University Boat Clubs — one other club, the West Philadelphia, being on the west bank. 8 FAIRMOUNT PARK. Many rustic summer houses are scattered through its grounds, from which fine views of the river can be obtained. The mansion on the top of the hill was the country seat of Robt. Morris during the Revolution; it is now used for refreshment purposes. North of the mansion is the music stand, and a few steps further on is the tell- tale " Camera Obscura." Still further northward is the old log cabin, used by Gen. Grant as his headquarters at City Point, Va., and but a few steps further the head- quarters of the Park Guard. The remains of an earthwork constructed during the Rebellion is still distinctly traceable on the high ground overlooking the river, immediately south of Girard Ave- nue, from which a commanding view of the West Park is obtained, with the Centennial Buildings in the distance, the Zoological Garden opposite, and. the Connecting and Girard Avenue bridges at our feet. The Girard Avenue bridge is constructed of iron, was erected at a cost of $1,404,445, was formally opened to the public July 4, 1874, is one thousand feet long and one hundred feet wide, being the widest bridge in the world. Scattered through the grounds of this subdivision are riding horses and goat carriages ; and the sloping lawns, covered with hundreds of players intent with games of cro- quet and ball, make this one of the liveliest parts of the park. THE EAST PARK SUBDIVISION. The East Park subdivision is a triangular section of ground lying on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, and extending northwardly from Girard Avenue to the Wissahickon. Its eastern face is reached by the cars of the Ridge Avenue Railway, landing passengers a short distance south of Strawberry Mansion, and near the large storage reservoirs with a capacity of 750,000,000 gallons. Its southern boundary is reached by cars running west- ward on Girard Avenue, landing passengers within a short distance of the Schuylkill water-works. The steam cars of the Reading Railroad (park trains) land passengers at JOHN I. SLATE & CO., MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BOOTS AID SHOES 215 and 217 North Third Street, PHILADELPHIA. By the introduction of new and improved machinery, our facilities for manufacturing all grades and styles of Hand and Machine Sewed Boots and Shoes have been greatly increased, which enables us to fill and forward all orders without delay or detention. In addition to our Own Manufacture, we have con- stantly on hand a large and carefully selected stock of Eastern and City Pegged "Work, comprising all the va- rieties required by the Country Merchant. An examination of our stock, before purchasing else- where, is respectfully solicited. IO Memorandum Page of John I. Slate & Co, FAIRMOUNT PARK. II the Columbia bridge near Rockland — a place made famous by the many free excursions given there to poor children during the summer. Steamboats also ply on the river, leaving their landings at the foot of Fairmount Avenue, and landing passengers at wharves near Rockland, Straw- berry Mansion, and Laurel Hill. The drive along the river front and skirting the base of Lemon Hill, passes underneath the Girard Avenue bridge, and through the tunnel into the East Park. This tunnel is bored through solid rock, is one hundred and forty feet long, forty feet wide, and twenty feet high. After passing the tunnel the drive passes in succession Fountain Green, Mount Pleas- ant, at one time the residence of Benedict Arnold, Rock- land, Belleville, Ormiston, Edgely, Woodford, and Straw- berry Mansion. An historic interest attaches to almost all of these old residences. Laurel Hill, forming the northern boundary of this sub- division, is filled with objects of interest, and is partly described under the article headed " The Homes of the Dead." A beautiful view is obtained from the high grounds of Strawberry Mansion overhanging the main drive. THE WISSAHICKON SUBDIVISION. This subdivision is reached by the cars of the Ridge Avenue Passenger Railway, and by the steam trains of the Norristown Railroad. We see here a creek draining a basin forty-four square miles in extent, and pouring a daily average of 55,000,000 gallons of water into the Schuylkill River. We find here a spot filled with romance. Heaven gave it birth in gladness ! Within its narrow walls the air hangs heavy with the perfume of mountain flowers, and trembles to the notes of feathered songsters. He who loves nature — he who loves the sound of rippling waters — he who wishes to see a picture of beauty word painting cannot describe, should visit this Hermit's Glen. In those old and twisted boughs that over-arch the quiet water is read the superstition of Indian days; every rock reflects a legend; every cave shadows a mystery. Quietly the 12 FAIRMOUNT PARK. waters steal along with smooth surface, mirror-like, re- flecting the opposite mountain side. Anon they gush, and boil, and bubble through some narrow defile — against some rocky barrier ; for nature is here. Art has graded a narrow drive in this mountain gorge; but she cannot improve what God has perfected. At the foot of those precipitous hills, chiselled by the ever-wearing waters, are deep recesses that the noonday sun scarce enters ere his beams are chased away by the shadows of over-hanging rocks. In northern-faced nooks, lit up oftener by the Aurora Borealis than by either sun or moon, the evening damp forever lingers. Here, on the outskirts of our great city, is a spot as wild as when civi- lized man first trod this western soil. The shadows of these giant hills lift as we approach Valley Green. The open landscape with the bright sun seems cheerful ; it is but for a moment; for again we are in the depths of a mountain gorge, the waters bubbling and seething around us, a mysterious silence above us. Now Indian Rock looms grandly and calls. a recollection of the past — the birth and death of nations and of races. The Indian war- rior, whose statued form caps the mighty rock and sur- veys the field of his former greatness, has shrunk with his squaws into the remote wilderness and is lost to history. " The scorching glare Without, makes this green nest a grateful haunt For summer's radiant things; the butterfly, Fluttering within and resting on some flower, Fans his rich velvet form ; the toiling bee Shoots by, with sounding hum and mist-like wings ; The robin perches on the bending spray With shrill, quick chirp ; and like a lake of fire The red bird seeks the shelter of the leaves. The insect tribe are here ; the ant toils on With its white burden ; in its netted web Gray glistening o'er the bush, the spider lurks, A close crouched ball, out-darting as a hum Tells its trapped prey, and looping quick its threads, Chains into helplessness the buzzing wings." i3 CROCKERY & GLASSWARE. By the original package a specialty. COAL OIL LAMP AND CHANDELIER GOODS. FRUIT JARS, JELLY CUPS, etc. 14 Memorandum Page of Wanner, Young & Go, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 1 5 THE WEST PARK. The West Park is that large tract of ground lying on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, and extending from the dam at Fairmount to the Falls of the Schuylkill. It is the great objective point to which the eyes of all nations and of all peoples are now directed. Science, art, capital, and labor have covered its hills with massive buildings, and the product of every clime will be here exhibited. From the summit of its hills two hundred years ago, Christianity lit up the surrounding darkness, and Panthe- ism shrank back into the remotest wilds. Upon its hills one hundred years ago the British standard floated trium- phantly. Upon its hills to-day the proud banner of free- dom unfurls its stars and stripes, and claims complete and undoubted ownership. Upon its sloping banks this year the crescent and the cross will commingle. In friendship and companionship there will soon be gathered together the Mohammedan, the Jew, the Pagan, the Christian, the Infidel, and the followers of Confucius. This subdivision contains the Zoological Garden (described under article headed Amusements), George's Hill, Lansdowne (now covered with the Centennial buildings), Belmont, and Chamouni. Chamouni lies in the extreme northern border, and is seldom reached by the great mass of visitors to the Park. George's Hill lies northwest of the Centennial buildings, and but a short distance from the west end of Machinery Hall. From the pavilion on its apex, with a field or opera glass, a commanding view of the entire city north- ward to Girard Avenue is obtained. It is near enough to obtain, with the naked eye, a complete view of the entire grounds upon which the Centennial Buildings are erected. It was dedicated to the city for park purposes by Jesse George, forever to be known as George's Hill. The Belmont reservoir, 212 feet above the city level, a short distance north of George's Hill, also commands a fine view of the Centennial Buildings. George's Hill is directly reached from the central part of the city by cars running westward on Vine Street. 1 6 FAIRMOUNT PARK. BELMONT. Belmont lies north of the Centennial Buildings. It is reached by the Park trains of the Reading Railroad, landing passengers at Belmont Station ; from there a walk along Belmont Glen to its summit brings one to the well- kept grounds on which stands Belmont Cottage. Upon this spot, ye noble lords, and counts, and dukes, and potentates have been dined and wined. If ye are rich, feast and fear not; but, if the silver jingles not in thy pockets, turn from the temptation that is back of thee, and feast upon the glorious landscape beyond. Fairer than dreams can picture is the scenery around us. Away in the far distance are the black and barren Jersey pines re- flecting their shadows upon the leaden waters of the Dela- ware. Between is the great city spreading for miles ; and nearer, the silvery waters of the Schuylkill, winding in and out among the many hills, and seeking an outlet to the ocean. Near Belmont Cottage is the Sawyer Observatory, 180 feet high, commanding a view of the country for thirty miles. LANSDOWNE TERRACE. Upon this terrace the Centennial Buildings have been erected. On the 4th of July, 1873, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park formally conveyed to the U. S. Com- missioners of the Centennial Exposition, and to the Cen- tennial Board of Finance, 450 acres of land for building and other purposes connected with the Centennial Expo- sition. On the 4th of July, 1874, ground was broken for the Centennial Memorial and Exhibition Buildings. The 5th day of July, 1875, witnessed the greatest gathering of people ever assembled in Fairmount Park ; we leave im- agination to picture the celebration of 1876. The Cen- tennial Buildings are reached directly from the central part of the city by cars on Girard Avenue (a branch of the Eighth Street line), and by cars running west on Vine, Arch, Walnut, and Market Streets, for a single fare ; and i7 ESTABLISHED 1835. C. A. WIDMER & SON, DEALERS IN IMPORTERS OF Calf Skins and Russet Linings, 2fo. 123 N. Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, Offer to the Trade the following Special Brands of Hemlock Sole Leather, principally in Buenos Ay res Hide:— SHEFFIELD, ALLISQNVILLE, ADDISON, TIOGA, OSWEGATCHIE, SALLADYBURG, and NANTICOKE. i8 Memorandum Page of C. A. Widmer & Son, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 1 9 from all other parts of the city by exchange tickets over these roads. The Girard Avenue and Market Street lines run along Elm Avenue the entire length of the main build- ing. The Vine and Walnut Street cars run on Belmont Avenue, and deposit passengers near the entrance to the main building. The Centennial Buildings consist of five principal build- ings :— The Main Exhibition Building, 1880 by 464 feet, covering . 20 acres. Machinery Hall, 1402 by 360 feet, covering . . . . 13 " Memorial Hall, 365 by 210 feet, " . . . . 1.5 «« Horticultural Hall, 383 by 193 feet, " .... 1.5 " Agricultural Hall, 820 by 540 feet, " .... 10 " Belmont Avenue, a fine wide avenue, intersects the entire length of the Centennial grounds, dividing it into two sections. On the left of Belmont Avenue advancing northward is Machinery Hall, the lake, the French restau- rant, U. S. Government building, U. S. Hospital ; beyond the hospital and following towards George's Hill are the State buildings of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York, also buildings erected by Great Britain and Japan. By a short walk we reach the Catholic T. A. B. S.'s fountain — this completes a circuit on the left of Belmont Avenue. On the right of Belmont Avenue, at the entrance is the Main Building, and in the distance Memorial, Horticultural, and Agricultural Halls. The Judge's Pavilion is located between Machinery Hall and the Main Building. On the right of Belmont Avenue advancing northward is the building of the Photographic Association, then a section devoted to the German Em- pire, followed by the Women's Pavilion, the State build- ings of New Jersey and Kansas, and the Southern restaurant. The American restaurant is south of Agricultural Hall. THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. The Zoological Garden is situated in West Fairmount Park below Girard Avenue. It was formally opened to the public July ist, 1874. It is reached by cars running 20 FAIRMOUNT PARK. westward on Vine Street and Girard Avenue, and by steamboats from the foot of Fairmount Avenue. It con- tains the largest collection of living wild animals in the United States. The best of order is preserved on its grounds ; and every care is taken to provide entertainment for its visitors. PHILADELPHIA: THE AMERICAN MECCA. The city of Philadelphia — popularly known as the Quaker City — covers 129!% square miles of ground, and is, perhaps, with the single exception of the city of Lon- don, the largest city in territorial extent in the world. It is divided into thirty-one wards, very unequal in size and population — the largest, the twenty-third, containing 27,339 a cres, and the smallest, the third, only 122 acres; while in population the twentieth contains 56,642 human beings, and the twenty-eighth only registers 10,370. Nine hundred miles of roads and streets are opened for the use of its citizens, of which more than five hundred miles are paved. It is lighted by nine thousand public lamps sup- plied with gas — the street mains laid down for the purpose extending upwards of six hundred miles. The average daily consumption of water is 48,000,000 gallons, an average per head of 61.5 gallons. This inordinate ratio is caused by the large number of manufacturing establish- ments within its limits. In the year 1875 building permits were issued for the erection of 6700 buildings, and the city now contains 146,000 buildings of all kinds, of which number 135,000 are dwellings, giving shelter to 780,000 souls. The taxable valuation of this property, as furnished by the board of revision for 1876, amounts to $595,413,378. When we look at these startling figures, and see, by the treaty which Wm. Penn made with the Indians, that the ground upon which the entire city of Philadelphia now stands, and several adjacent counties, were purchased for " 200 fathoms of wampum, 30 fathoms of duffields, 30 21 JAMES, KENT, SANTEE & CO,, Importers and Jobbers OP DM GOODS, 235, 237, 239, and 241 NORTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 22 Memorandum Page of James, Kent, Santee & Co. FAIRMOUNT PARK. 2 3 guns, 60 fathoms strawed waters, 30 kettles, 30 shirts, 20 gimlets, 12 pairs of shoes, 30 pairs of stockings, 30 pairs of scissors, 30 combs, 30 axes, 30 knives, 31 tobacco tongs, 30 bars of lead, 30 pounds of powder, .30 awls, 30 glasses, 30 tobacco boxes, 3 papers of beads, 44 pounds of red lead, 30 pairs of hawk bells, 6 drawing knives, 6 caps, and 12 hoes," we can well feel proud of being Ameri- cans. Philadelphia takes no pride, however, in her debt, which now amounts to the enormous sum of $64,294,464. As it is always interesting to know what are called inci- dental expenses in a large city, the following amounts, taken from ordinances approved and passed, will give some idea of the appropriations for the different depart- ments : — To the Guardians of the Poor $567,422 11 Water Department 717,752 Board of Health 442,306 " City Commissioners Department .... 552,750 Police Department 1,452,591 " Department of City Property 187,857 " Inspectors of the County Prison .... 132,836 For lighting the city . . 531,100 Certain of our officials are salaried, and receive the fol- lowing yearly compensation : — Mayor, Win. S. Stokley Chief of Police, Kennard H Jones Fire Marshal, Jas. C. Thomp son .... Twenty-four Committing Ma gistrates, each . $5000 Captains of Police . . $1500 Detectives of Police . . 1200 2500 Lieutenants of Police . . 1150 Sergeants of Police . . 1080 2000 J Members of the force $2.50 per day. 2500 For the Centennial year we have Geo. A. Smith as Pre- sident of Select Council ; and Jos. L. Caven as President of Common Council. The city is represented in Select Council by one mem- ber from each ward ; but Common Council has one member for each two thousand taxables. Besides that grand and noble park lying on the banks of the Schuylkill, there are nine other breathing spaces left open in the central part of the city called the — 24 FAIRMOUNT PARK. PUBLIC SQUARES. Fair Hill Square is situated in the Nineteenth Ward, and bounded by Lehigh Avenue, Huntingdon, Fourth, and Apple Streets. Franklin Square is situated in the Sixth Ward, and bounded by Sixth, Franklin, Race, and Vine Streets. Independence Square is situated in the Fifth Ward, and bounded by Fifth, Sixth, Chestnut, and Walnut Streets. Jefferson Square is situated in the Second Ward, and bounded by Third, Fourth, and Federal Streets, and Washington Avenue. Logan Square is situated in the Tenth Ward, and bounded by Eighteenth, Nineteenth, Race, and Vine Streets. Norris Square is situated in the Nineteenth Ward, and bounded by How- ard, Hancock, and Diamond Streets, and Susquehanna Avenue. Passyunk Square is situated in the Twenty-Sixth Ward, and bounded by Wharton, Reed, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets. Rittenhouse Square is situated in the Eighth Ward, and bounded by Eighteenth, Nineteenth, Walnut, and Locust Streets. Washington Square is situated in the Fifth Ward, and bounded by Sixth, Seventh, Walnut, and Locust Streets. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Academy of Music, Broad Street, west side, below Locust. Amateur Drawing-Room, Seventeenth Street, west side, above Chestnut. Alhambra Theatre, Broad Street, east side, below Locust. Arch Street Theatre, Arch Street, north side, above Sixth. Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut Street, north side, above Twelfth. Walnut Street Theatre, N. E. corner Ninth and Walnut Streets. Museum, Col. Wood's, N. W. corner Ninth and Arch Streets. American Theatre (varieties), Chestnut Street, north side, above Tenth. Enoch's Varieties, Seventh Street, east side, below Arch. Grand Central Theatre (varieties), Walnut Street, north side, above Eighth. New National Theatre (varieties), S. W. corner Tenth and Callowhill. Theatre Comique (varieties), N. W. corner Eleventh and Wood. Arch Street Opera House (minstrels), Arch Street, north side, above Tenth. Eleventh Street Opera House (minstrels), Eleventh Street, above Chest nut. OUR PUBLIC HALLS. American Mechanics, N. E. corner Fourth and George Streets. Assembly Buildings, S. W. corner Tenth and Chestnut Streets. Concert Hall, Chestnut Street, north side, above Twelfth Street. Handel and Haydn Hall, N. E. corner Eighth and Spring Garden. Horticultural Hall, Broad Street, west side, below Locust. Musical Fund Hall, Locust Street, south side, above Eighth. National Guard's Hall, Race Street, south side, below Sixth. Washington Hall, S. W. corner Eighth and Spring Garden. 25 ESTABLISHED 1837. EOBERT SHOEMAKER & CO., Manufacturers, and Importers, N. E. cor. Mh & Bace Sts. 9 PHILADELPHIA. WHITE LEAD AND ZINC WHITE, COLORED PAINTS, VARNISHES & PUTTY. PHILADELPHIA AGENCY AVERILL CHEMICAL PAINT COMFY, BEST PAINT IN THE MARKET, DURABLE, BEAUTIFUL, WATER-PROOF, ELASTIC, and ECONOMICAL. 34= S£Xj^33SSS. This PAINT is prepared for immediate application. IT IS SOLD BY THE GALLON ONLY. 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Gallon Packages. Send for Sample Card. 3 26 Memorandum Page of Eobert Shoemaker & Co. FAIRMOUNT PARK. 27 OUR PUBLIC CHARITIES. Within the city limits, supported by charity and endow- ments, are twenty-five hospitals, twenty-one dispensaries, fifty- four homes and asylums, forty-one relief societies, forty-two beneficial societies, and ten soup-houses. Our citizens worship in 523 churches and halls, divided as follows : — Baptist, seventy-two ; Friends, thirteen ; Hebrew, ten ; Lutheran, thirty ; Methodist Episcopal, ninety-one ; Pres- byterian, one hundred and two ; Protestant Episcopal, ninety-three ; Roman Catholic, forty-three ; and not classi- fied, sixty-nine. THE HOMES OF THE DEAD. To those strangers who have leisure, and wish to carry away with them a faithful portraiture of the city of Phila- delphia, we would recommend a visit to some of our many cemeteries. Within those hallowed grounds, there are monuments, tombs, and statues erected to the memory of the honored and illustrious dead, beautiful in design and workmanship. Laurel Hill Cemetery, situated in the East Park near the Falls of the Schuylkill, is particularly rich in these works. It is reached by the cars of the Ridge Avenue railway (running westward on Arch St. to Ninth), and by steamboats from the foot of Fairmount Avenue. It is di- vided into three sections — Laurel Hill proper, and North and South Laurel Hill. Prominent in Laurel Hill proper, is the Sir Walter Scott and Old Mortality group, stone ; and in South Laurel Hill, is the monument and tomb to Com. Hull. Prominent in North Laurel Hill, is the monument erected to the memory of John Fitch, the in- ventor of the steamboat ; the monument to Gen'l Hugh Mercer, of Revolutionary fame ; to Thomas McKean, signer of the Declaration of Independence ; to Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress; to Julius R. Friedlander, founder of the Penna. Institution for the Instruction of the Blind ; to Thos. Godfrey, the 28 FAIRMOUNT PARK. inventor of the mariner's quadrant; and a monument erected to the memory of those volunteer nurses who died of yellow fever at Norfolk, Va. Odd Fellows' Cemetery, Twenty-fourth and Islington Lane, is reached by the Ridge Avenue railway. It con- tains a statue in marble erected to Benj. Franklin, and a marble statue to Firemen. Glenwood Cemetery, Ridge Avenue corner of Islington Lane, is reached by the Ridge Avenue railway ; contains Soldiers' Monument, Scott Legion. At Monument Cemetery, situated on North Broad Street above Montgomery Avenue, is the Washington and La- fayette monument, in granite and bronze. The design of this work, on account of its limited pages, is not to go into any subject in detail ; but the location of the principal cemeteries will be given, to whose grounds strangers will undoubtedly be freely admitted during our Centennial Year. THE PRINCIPAL CEMETERIES. Beth el-Emeth, Fifty-fourth and Market Streets. Cathedral, Forty-eighth and Lancaster Avenue. Cedar Hill, Frankford. Christ Church, corner Fifth and Arch Streets. City Burial Ground, Hart Lane and Lamb Tavern Road. Fair Hill, Germantown Avenue and Cambridge Street. Glenwood, Ridge Avenue corner Islington Lane. Hebrew, Frankford. Knights' of Pythias, Frankford. Laurel Hill, Ridge Avenue near Falls of Schuylkill. Mechanics', Islington Lane near Diamond Street. Monument, Broad Street above Montgomery Avenue. Mount Peace, Nicetown Lane near Ridge Avenue. Mount Vernon, Ridge Avenue opposite Laurel Hill. Woodlands (West Philadelphia), Darby Road near Thirty-ninth. Situated in different parts of the city are the following monuments, tombs, and statues of a public character: — Penn Treaty monument, Beach Street near Palmer. Wm. Penn statue, lead, Pennsylvania Hospital. Benj. Franklin statue, marble, Fifth and Library Streets. Benj. Franklin statue, stone, Ledger Building. Benj. Franklin tomb, S. E. cor. Fifth and Arch Streets. Stephen Decatur monument, Third and Pine Streets. Washington statue, marble, Chestnut St., entrance to State House. Washington Grays' Soldiers' monument, on the east side of Broad St., corner of Girard Avenue. 2 9 ESTABLISHED 1811. J. I. HUIMEL & SONS, MANUFACTURERS OF COLORED EOANS, MS. SHEEP AID CALF KID. ALSO WOOL PULLERS. IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF Fancy Colored Skivers, For Hatters and Bookbinders. HATTERS' LEATHERS A SPECIALTY. 955 N. Third and 970 Canal St., PHILADELPHIA 3* 3° Memorandum Page of J. M, Hummel & Sons. FAIRMOUNT PARK. 3 1 It now falls in with the general plan of this work to give the location of PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. Academy of Fine Arts, Broad Street above Arch. Academy of Natural Sciences, S W. cor. Nineteenth and Race. Blockley Almshouse, West Philadelphia. Blind Asylum, Twentieth and Race Streets. Carpenters' Hall, Chestnut St. below Fourth, rear of bank. Custom House, Chestnut Street, south side, below Fifth. County Prison, Eleventh Street and Passyunk Avenue. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, N. W. corner Broad and Pine Streets. Eastern Penitentiary, north side Fairmount Avenue, opposite Twenty- first Street. Franklin Institute, Seventh St., east side, above Chestnut. Girard College, corner of Nineteenth and Ridge Avenue. Main entrance, South College Avenue, opposite Corinthian Avenue. Reached by the cars of the Ridge Avenue and Girard Avenue railways. This great and noble charity is open to all orphan children, regardless of religion. It contains within its walls and grounds a beautiful mau- soleum and marble statue of Stephen Girard, and a soldiers' monu- ment and statue in bronze. Tickets of admission can be obtained at the Ledger Office. House of Correction, Holmesburg ; reached by steam cars from the Kensington depot. President, Wm. Gulager. House of Refuge, Twenty-third and Brown Streets. Independence Hall, Chestnut St., south side, above Fifth. Kirkbride's Insane Asylum, Haverford Avenue, West Philadelphia. Masonic Temple, N. E. cor. Broad and Filbert Streets. National Museum, Chestnut St., south side, below Sixth. Navy Yard, League Island, foot of Broad Street. Penn's Cottage, Letitia St. near Market, between Front and Second. Post Office, Chestnut Street, south side, below Fifth. Public Buildings, in course of erection, situated at the intersection of Broad and Market Streets; corner-stone laid July 4, 1874. State House, Chestnut Street, south side, between Fifth and Sixth Sts. ; steeple 160 feet high. From its cupola floats the Centennial flag, hauled into position by his honor, Mayor Stokley, as the new year of 1876 broke into glory. It is an exact counterpart of the flag raised by Washington in 1776. School of Design for Women, S. W. corner Merrick and Filbert Streets. Wagner Free Institute of Science, corner Seventeenth Street and Mont- gomery Avenue. Young Men's Christian Association, S. E. corner of Fifteenth and Chest- nut Streets. We now call the attention of our readers to a small but interesting article on 32 FAIRMOUNT PARK. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Fifty-sixth Annual Report of the Board of Public Education for the First School District of Pennsylvania, embracing the city of Philadelphia, gives much interesting reading. The President of the board, M. Hall Stanton, was elected to the position January i, 1870, which he has occupied ever since. The First School District contains the Central High School for Boys, the Girls' Normal School, sixty Gram- mar, one hundred and twenty-one Secondary, twenty- nine Consolidated, two hundred and twelve Primary, and forty-one Night Schools, altogether a total of four hun- dred and sixty-five schools. The amount appropriated by Councils for the use of the Board during the year 1874 was $1,639,811.89, of which amount $32,074.98 was unexpended and returned to the treasury. The number of pupils remaining in the schools at the end of the year was 93,036. The total value of the dif- ferent school-houses and furniture is placed at $55554,969. The city is divided into twenty-nine sections, and con- tains 55 schools, the buildings alone of which are sepa- rately valued at $25,000; and 99 schools, the values of which (including buildings, lots, and furniture), separately exceed that amount. 1776 teachers are employed in the day schools. The President of the Central High School, Geo. Inman Richie, receives a yearly compensation of $2722.50; and the lowest salary paid to any professor in the High School is $1000.00. The Principal of the Girls' High School, George W. . Fetter, receives $2178.00 annually; and the lowest salary paid in the school is $735.00. The principals of the Grammar Schools for boys receive a yearly salary of $1815.00; of the Grammar Schools for girls $907.00; of the Secondary Schools $615.00; of the Primary Schools $555.00; the lowest salary paid in the public schools is $435.00. 33 BOWMAN & SMITH, MANUFACTURERS OF MOROCCO, JV". W. Comer Dillwyn and "Willow Sts., (Between Third and Fourth,) PHILADELPHIA. CYK.TJS BOWMAN. D- C. SMITH. 34 Memorandum Page of Bowman & Smith, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 35 THE PHILADELPHIA HOTELS. A rumor has gone abroad that the city of Philadelphia will not be able to accommodate her strangers during the Centennial Exposition ; that the cost of living will be in- creased 50 per cent. ; and that every species of imposition will be practised. The rumor is unjust. Every leading hotel has given assurances that its prices will not be altered from those now ruling, except in extreme cases, or an in- ordinate advance in the cost of provisions. Every mer- chant feels a personal interest in seeing that his customers are not overcharged. Within the central part of the city, between Vine and Walnut Streets, there are 74 hotels, able to accommodate 30,000 people ; there are 5800 dwellings in the course of erection in the suburbs, with a sheltering capacity of 40,000 ; there are boarding-houses registered whose ca- pacity is 30,000 ; there are many private families who will freely tender to friends their extra rooms. There are in the course of erection, near the Centennial grounds, public and private buildings able to accommodate 20,000 people. Philadelphia can absorb within her limits 100,000 strangers, and not be crowded. The principal hotels at the Centennial grounds : — Globe, Belmont and Elm Avenues. Capacity, 3000. European plan. Transcontinental, Elm Avenue opposite main building. United States, Forty-first and Columbia Avenue, near the main building. This hotel is arranged so as to be converted into dwellings at the close of the Exposition. Hotels within the city limits and popularly known: — American, 517 Chestnut Street. \ Markoe, 919 Chestnut Street. Bald Eagle, 414 N. Third Street. j Merchants', 42 N. Fourth Street. Bingham, Eleventh and Market Sts. j Merchants', 415 N. Third Street. Colonnade, Fifteenth and Chestnut. St. Charles, 54 N. Third Street. Continental, Ninth and Chestnut. | St. Cloud, 709 Arch Street. Eagle, 227 N. Third Street. j St. Elmo, 317 Arch Street. Girard, Ninth and Chestnut Street. St. Stephens, 1018 Chestnut Street. Guy's, Seventh and Chestnut. j Washington, 711 Chestnut Street. La Pierre, Broad and Chestnut. 36 FAIRMOUNT PARK. Hotels within the city limits supported mostly by near trade: — Allegheny, 812 Market Street. Allen House, 1220 Market Street. Arch St. House, No. 1 Arch Street. Barley Sheaf, 257 N. Second St. Black Bear, 425 N. Third Street. Black Horse, 352 N. Second Street. Bull's Head, Second above Poplar. Bull's Head, 1025 Market Street. Commercial, 826 Market Street. Clinton, 160S Ridge Avenue. Penn. Farmer, 342 N. Third Street. Red Lion, 472 N. Second Street. Ridgway House, No. 1 Market St. Sorrel Horse, 268 N. Fourth St. St. James, 310 Race Street. Tiger, 327 Vine Street. THE STREETS OF PHILADELPHIA. All the streets of the City of Philadelphia, as laid out by Wm. Penn, comprising all that section lying between the Delaware River on the east and the Schuylkill River on the west, and extending from South to Vine Streets, run at right angles to each other, giving to the city the name of the rectangular city. Almost all the outlying wards have fallen in with the original plan, but there are some glaring exceptions caus- ing confusion to strangers and residents. In the earlier history of the city many roads were laid out branching diagonally to the surrounding villages and towns. Of these we have Ridge Road to the northwest, passing the villages of Francisville, East Penn, and Manayunk; of Germantown Road to the north, passing through German- town and Chestnut Hill; of Frankford Road to the north- east, passing through Frankford, and supplying a main road of travel for all that large section now comprised in the Twenty-third ward; of Passyunk and Moyamensing Roads to the south, stretching their arms to that large sec- tion familiarly known to sportsmen as the "Neck," and now comprising the First, Twenty-sixth, and Thirtieth wards. The dwellings in these outlying villages were built on roads running at right angles to the main road ; and as the great city spread over the intervening farm spaces and laid out her streets at right angles to her main highway — Market Street — these villages came into the general plan diagonally. The compact portion of the city extends from Erie Avenue on the north, to Curtin Street on the south, a stretch of seven miles, and from the Delaware River on 37 ESTABLISHED 1853. J01 ft MILLER & SON, Wholesale Confectioners, AND DEALERS IN Jruite, ink, §)\mivcm$ fat fa, •J -i J a, Fireworks, Flags, Lanterns, AND OTHER Centennial Decorations, IN"o. 335 IN". Third Street, PHILADELPHIA Storekeepers supplied at the Shortest Notice, and on the most reasonable CASH terms. Country trade especially invited. Send for Circulars. Give us a trial and judge for yourselves. 38 Memorandum Page of John M. Miller & Son. FAIRMOUNT PARK. 39 the east, almost to Cobb's Creek on the west, the boundary line of Delaware County. The system adopted of num- bering houses in Philadelphia, and which is peculiarly Philadelphian, allows one hundred numbers between all principal streets. Market Street is taken as the dividing line for all streets running east and west. A key to the streets is given on page 43. Westward from the river front at Market Street it is 1 mile, 18 feet, 6 inches east of the east side of Twelfth Street. 2 miles, 124 feet, 6 inches west of the west side of Twenty-third Street. 3 " 250 " 7 " east " east " Thirty-eighth " 4 " 116 " 11 " west " west " Forty-seventh " 5 " 87 " 1 " east " east " Fifty-seventh " North on Broad Street from southwest corner of Market, measurements run : — 1 mile, 109 feet, 10 inches south of the south line of Fairmount Avenue. 2 miles, 261 feet 3 inches " " " " Berks Street. 3 " 71 " 3 " " " " " Somerset Street. 4 " 68 " 9 " north of the north line of Erie Avenue. South on Broad Street from southwest corner of Market, measurements run — 1 mile, 28 feet, 1 inch south of the north line of Washington Avenue. 2 miles, 138 feet, 5 inches north of the north line of Jackson Street. 3 " 421 " 7 " south of the south line of Curtin Street. Approximately it is on Second Street — 1 mile at Poplar Street, north ; and 1 mile at Christian Street, south. THE PASSENGER RAILWAY SYSTEM. The passenger railway system of the city of Philadel- phia embraces twenty main lines and thirty-three branches. It is a complete network, occupying all the principal and a great many of the intermediate streets. The general direction of the main lines of cars is shown by the an- nexed plan. Cars run — 4o FAIRMOUNT PARK. North on — Third Street. Fifth Eighth *Ninth Eleventh Fifteenth Sixteenth Eighteenth Nineteenth South on — Second Street. Fourth Sixth *Seventh Tenth Twelfth Thirteenth Seventeenth St Twentieth " East on — Arch Street. Callowhill " Chestnut " ^Columbia Ave. Filbert Street. Girard Ave. Green Street. ^Jefferson Street. Lombard " Market " Race " ^Spring Garden St. Spruce Street. ^Wallace " j West on — | Arch Street. ; Callowhill " ^Columbia Ave. Fairmount " f Girard " f Market Street. I ^Master " Pine " ^Poplar " Sansom " South " | ^Spring Garden St. Vine Street. Walnut " The Ridge Avenue line runs west on Arch Street to Ninth, north to Vine, then follows Ridge Avenue to Mana- yunk, returning over the same route. Exchanges with no other road. Fares. — Adults, single fare on all roads, 7 cents. Pack- age tickets, 4 for 25 cents, good on any road. Exchange tickets, 9 cents, good on all roads except the Union and Ridge Avenue lines. Children's fares, 4 cents. * Streets thus marked are run upon by the Union Line. It also runs on Market Street west to Ninth. Exchanges with no other road. f On streets thus marked cars run direct to the Centennial Buildings. 4i jjmjfa'jj 4 00 ^ lt fl ptads. *) j • TWENTY-ONE DIFFERENT FLAVORS. WARRANTED PURE. LIQUID RENNET, ESS. OF JAMAICA GINGER, GENUINE IMPORTED BAT ME, All the above goods in Bottles or Bulk to suit. All leaf selected cooking Herbs, BOXED BY THE GROSS OR IN BULK. MMCBM98 J- CVLIX. PROPRIETORS, No. 129 N. Third Street, PHILADELPHIA. 42 Memorandum Page of Kichards & Culm, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 43 THE SIZE OF NOTED EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN PARKS. Prater, Vienna Windsor Forest, England Fairmount Park, Phila. Bois de Boulogne, Paris Phoenix Park, Dublin, . Riverside Park, Chicago Petit Park, Versailles . Central Park, New York Grosse Garten. Dresden Druid Hill, Baltimore . Acres. 5200 3800 2991 2158 1752 1600 1280 862 800 700 Acres. Prospect Park, Brooklyn . 550 Schloss Garten, Stutgart . 550 Hoff Garten, Munich . . 500 Summer Garden, St. Peters- burg 480 Tower Grove, St. Louis . . 275 Champs Elysees, Paris . . 230 Boboli Garden, Florence . 200 Thier Garten, Berlin . . 200 A KEY TO PHILADELPHIA STREET NUMBERS. North of Market it is — 100 at Arch Street. 200 " Race " 300 " Vine " 400 " Callowhill Street. 500 " Buttonwood " 600 " Green " 700 " Fairmount Avenue. 800 " Brown Street. 900 " Poplar 1200 " Girard Avenue. 1300 " Thompson Street. 1400 " Master " 1500 " Jefferson " 1600 " Oxford " 1700 " Columbia Avenue. 1800 " Montgomery " 1900 " Berks Street. 2000 " Norris " 2100 " Diamond Street. 2200 " Susquehanna Avenue. 2300 " Dauphin Street. 2400 " York 2500 " Cumberland Street. 2600 " Huntingdon " 2700 " Lehigh Avenue. 2800 " Somerset Street. 2900 " Cambria " 3000 " Indiana " 3100 " Clearfield " 3200 " Allegheny Avenue. 3300 " Westmoreland Street. 3400 " Ontario Street. 3500 " Tioga " 3600 " Venango " 3700 " Erie South of Market it is- 100 at Chestnut Street. 200 < ' Walnut < 300 ' ' Spruce " 400 « ' Pine ' 500 « ' Lombard « 600 ' ' South ' 700 " ' Bainbridge " 800 « ' Catharine 1 900 ' ' Christian ' 1000 « ' Carpenter '• 1100 ' 1 Washington Avenue 1200 ' ' Federal Street. 1300 ' Wharton c 1400 « < Reed i 1500 ' ' Dickerson ' 1600 ' • Tasker ' 1700 " Morris " 1800 ' ' Moore (< 1900 ■ ' Miifiin ' 2000 ' ' McKean ' 2100 ' ' Snyder « 2200 ' ' Jackson ' 2300 ' ' Wolf « 2400 « ' Ritner ' 2500 ' ( Porter ' 2600 < Shunk « 2700 ' ' Oregon Avenue. 2800 ' ' Johnston Street. 2900 ' Bigler " 3000 ■ Pollock " 3100 ' Packer " 3200 ' Curtin ' 44 FAIRMOUNT PARK. CLOCK TIME IN ONE HUNDRED CITIES. When it is 12 o'clock noon at Philadelphia, it is the hour given below at the various cities named. Altoona, Pa. . Atlanta, Ga. . Augusta, Ga. . Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Buffalo, N. Y. Bloomington, 111. Bangor, Maine Burlington, Iowa Cairo, 111. Cape May, N. J. Chicago, 111. . Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, " Columbus, " Crestline, " Council Bluffs, Iowa, Charleston, S. C. Denver, Col. . Detroit, Mich. Davenport, Iowa Dayton, Ohio . Decatur, Ala. . Des Moines, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa Duluth, Minn. Erie, Pa. Easton, Pa. Elmira, N. Y. . Fort Wayne. Ind. Frankfort, Ky. Galena, 111. Galesburg, 111. Galveston, Texas Harrisburg, Pa. Hartford, Conn. Indianapolis, Ind. Jackson, Mich. Keokuk, Iowa Knoxville, Tenn. Louisville, Ky. Lafayette, Ind. Lexington, Ky. Lowell, Mass. . Lynchburg, Va. Memphis, Tenn. Milwaukee, Wis. Mobile, Ala. . Madison, Wis. Mansfield, Ohio Hrs. Mia. . 11 23 11 33 11 55 12 17 11 45 11 05 12 26 10 56 11 04 12 01 11 10 11 23 . 11 34 11 29 11 30 a, 10 37 11 41 10 01 11 29 10 58 11 24 11 13 10 47 10 58 10 53 11 40 12 00 11 54 11 20 11 21 10 59 10 59 10 41 11 53 12 10 11 16 11 23 10 55 11 25 11 18 11 13 11 23 12 16 11 44 1 11 01 | 11 09 j 11 09 11 03 11 31 1 His. Mia Minneapolis, Min. . 10 48 Montgomery, Ala. . 11 15 Nashville, Tenn. . 11 14 New Orleans, La. . . 11 01 New York, N. Y. . 12 05 Niagara Falls, N. Y. 11 45 New Haven, Conn. . . 12 09 Newport, R. I. 12 16 Omaha, Neb. . . 10 37 Oil City, Pa. . 11 42 Pittsburg, Pa. 11 41 Providence, R. I. . 12 15 Peoria, 111. 11 02 Portland, Maine 12 20 Portland, Oregon . 8 50 Quincy, 111. 10 55 Raleigh, N. C. 11 47 Reading, Pa. . 11 57 Richmond, Va. 11 51 Richmond, Ind. 11 21 Rochester, N. Y. . 11 50 Springfield, Mo. 10 48 Springfield, Mass. . 12 10 Springfield, 111. 11 02 Springfield, Ohio . 11 26 St. Joseph, Mo. 10 41 St. Louis, Mo. 11 00 St. Paul, Minn. 11 48 Salt Lake City 9 33 San Francisco, Cal. 8 51 Saratoga, N. Y. 12 06 Sacramento, Cal. . 8 51 Sandusky, Ohio 11 30 Savannah, Ga. 11 37 Scranton, Pa. . 11 58 Sherman, Texas 10 40 Steubenville, Ohio . 11 38 Toledo, Ohio . 11 27 Trenton, N. J/ 12 02 Tallahassee, Fla. . 11 24 Terre Haute, Ind. . 11 11 Troy, N. Y. . 12 06 Vicksburg, Miss. 10 57 Wheeling, W. Va. . 11 38 Worcester, Mass. . 12 14 Washington, D. C. . 11 53 Williamsport, Pa. . 11 53 Xenia, Ohio . 11 25 Youngstown, Ohio . 11 38 Zanesville, Ohio 11 33