ipillii iiiyiiiiliiiiii tiftiliiiiliiL ^iiiif"^ ■illliillHIli!'' In*' ' ' ililiiliillliii:. <• •'■' „^ ... ^ ♦•.0° ,-?,* % *»"*\^ .. V. *.T»* /^ ^"-^^^ \ ^'' -"^ ■!*.. ;l<&X^ ^* J' ^ p8 " ' ^♦. '^, ';»-6* ^°^ •^.• ^^-^^ 't.\ "^0^ ^ ♦by' ^*' %.<.^ ^^' 4*^% U ^ ^- ♦'i^iMirVL ,^^^' r.- .<^'% V'* *tt. ^6^ » " • ♦ % •^o^ ••« .~ir-f^^ .0 -?: bYRAO/^^ \ American ^Oi'/er Compani/. ^""^ Dedileri. . OTCAM ""> HdrWATCRtlEATEK l^d \6X0r5 - pi pe ; -^ k^^ ADVANCE HOT WATER. MEATec UkE i>T (^HICMJO.^ jf(ir^'i".« ESTABLISHED 1874 E. A. HIBBS ...Quarry and Bread Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Between Second and Third and Arch and Race TELEPHONE, No. 207 ■^ATH Mi/^ OILERS Tanks, Stacks Light and Heavy Sheet Ipod Work Sheet Iron Heat and Ventilation Flues COIL BOILERS SMOKE STACKS HOT WATER HEATERS GRAVEL PANS MANIFOLD BOILERS TAR KETTLES DRIP TANKS FOUNDRY LADLES STORAGE TANKS CUPOLAS ^ RETURN TANKS IRON DOORS OIL TANKS BOILER ELBOWS PITCH TANKS BLOW-OFF-TANKS IRON WINDOW SHUTTERS /er of val- uable illustrations. To the enterprise and liberality of a large number of leading houses in the trade who have advertised in the following pages, we are indebted for the means with which the volume has been completed in its present elegant and durable form, a worthy representative of the substantial character of the men and the trade in whose honor it has been produced. It is the desire of the Philadelphia Association that a copy of this Souvenir Book may find its way into the hands of e\ery Master Plumber and Dealer in Plumbers' Supplies, until the entire edition of 5000 copies is exhausted. ©ur 1Rcpvc3ciUativc5 J,H BORTON THEIK Mono "Vat we vants is Orders" To MKMISKRS OI. THl': matioual Bssociatiou /IDastcf ipuunbcit; AssiiMiimn I.N Con \' K.N Ti U.N at I'm la Delphi a (3vcctino 1 OU are coidially inN'ited to call upon us soinetiine during your stay, and we will lie pleased io do what we can to make your visit pleasant and profitable. One or more of our travelers will be constantly on hand to welcome you, and take care (jf your interests. Don't fail to see otir show-rooms, and inspect the exhibition of our many well known specialties. See that you get one of our new Paper Weiijhts Haiiies, JODGS & UM^ Go. MANUFACTURERS OF High Class. %-^ Plumbing Material Jobbers in everything a Plumber wants... 1130-32-34-36-38-40 Ridge Avenue Button'iVood. 12th and Spring Garden Sts. Our 1RcpiC5cntativc5 ^^ X^y^-^l^^ Wy THKiR norro 'Vat we vants is Orders" OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE Master Plumbers' Association OF PHILADELPHIA For the Year ending Jan. 9, 1896 Orgaiii/ed Fel). 19, 18S3 Cliartered Jan. 27, 1S85 Rooms, No. 24 South Seventh Street, Builders' Exchange staled Al I'll ill >Js Scr/iiid Tli 11 rsilii ij of iiicli iiioiilli President. John K. Eyanson. Vice-Presidents. George F. Uber, Jolm (lornily, I'rank P. Hrown. Wra. McCoaeli, G. Wallace Smith. Kecordint; and Corresponding Secretary. William S. Clark, 2rS S. Twelfth Street. Treasurer. William Harkness, Jr. Board of Directors. William S. Clark, William Harkness. Chas. L. Parmak-e, .\. M. Hicks, R. Dnimmond, J Sellers Pennock. Sergeant-at-.^rms. Samufl P.. FK-ming. STANDING COMMITTEES. Sanitary. .Samuel W. Hariies. Chairman, Jiod X. Sixth Street. William Calhoun. Andrew Carson, William L. Owens, (>. Wallace Smith, J. Sellers Penncnk, A. G. Pond, Geo. .\ Hick-, I'. H. Mackay, John McTague. Arbitration. I'rank P. Brouii, Chairman, .45 X. Sixth Street. G. W, Rea, Joseph W. Reagan, Isaac Smyth, M. Thompson. Auditing. Sanuiel B. Fleming, Chairman, 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. Howell Tatem, W. W. Ment/.inger. 2l> Apprenticeship. Daniel B. Cobb, Chairman, 1512 S. Fiftli Street. J. C. McManemin, J. McCaughey. Conference. G. Wallace Smith, Chairman, N. E. Cor. Thirteenth and Race Streets William McCoach, William Calhoun. Registration. Henry McDowell, Chairman, 23 Hudson Street. William S. Clark, William H. Doyle. Trade School. William Harkness, Chairman, Builders' Exchange. James D. Thompson, William McCoach. State Legislation. JohnGormly, C'h'n, 1433 Columbia Ave. Robert Drummond, Samuel W. Barnes. Committee on National Convention. William McCoach, Chairman. William S. Clark, Secretary and Treasurer. Samuel W. Barnes, Walter Jones, George Beckett, Arthur B. Lange, A. G. Bond, William W. Ment/.inger, Frank P. Brown, John McCann, S. Louis Barnes, William L. Owens, William Calhoun, Charles L. Parmalee, William H. Doyle, J. Sellers Pennock, John E. Eyanson, J. \'. Reagan, S. B. Fleming, W. R. Ross, John Furlow, G. Wallace Smith, John Gormly, George F. Uber, Albert M. Hicks, L. N. Yearsley. William Harkness, Jr., Ladies' Reception Committee. Barnes, Mrs. S. W 2 104 N. Sixth Street. Barnes, Mrs. S. L 2242 N. Seventh Street. Beckett, Mrs. George • . . . . 2036 Pine Street. Bond, Mrs. A. G 1326 Fairmount Avenue. Bond, Mrs. G. C 131 1 Parrish Street. Bond, Miss Hattie 1326 Fairmount Avenue. Brown, Mrs F. P 452 Franklin Street. Carroll, Mrs. William J 1434 S. Thirteenth Street. Clark, Mrs. W. S 3859 Fairmount Avenue. Clark, Miss Evaline 3859 Fairmount Avenue. Crombarger, Mrs 717 N. Sixteenth Street. Donnelly, Mrs. C. P 3800 N. Fifth Street. Doyle, Mrs. William H. 1502 N. Sixteenth Street. Eyanson, Mrs. John E 207 S. Tenth Street. Eyanson, Miss Bessie 207 S. Tenth Street. Feaster, Miss Blanche E 2162 N. Eighth Street. Fleming, Mrs. S. B 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. Fiirlow, Mrs. M 20,^3 Madison Avenue. Hallnian, Mrs. William H 1948 N. Twenty-third Street. Harkness, Miss Nettie 1727 S. Broad Street. Hicks, Mrs. A. M 717 N. Seventh Street. Hicks, Miss Ella 7 17 N. Seventh Street. Hicks, Miss Clara 717 N. Seventh Street. Jones, Mrs. Walter 1732 Columbia Avenue. Kingeter, Mrs. M. P 525 S. Ninth Street. Mealy, Mrs. C 1440 Wharton Street. Mentzinger, Mrs. William W 4039 Oreen Street. McCann. Mrs. John 2102 Hancock Street. McCarthy, Mrs. Thomas 1 935 N, Seventh Street. McCoach, Mrs. William 719S. Twenty-second Street. McCoach, Mrs. David 719 S. Twenty-second Street. Lange, Mrs 2125 Lawrence Street. Owens, Mrs. William I Narberth P. O., Pa. Keagan, Mrs. Joseph V 3536 N. vSeventeenth Street. Raymond, Mrs. Walter I Palmyra, N.J. Remick, Mrs E 1.S31 Columbia Avenue. Ross, Mrs. W. R ■ • oJTi Lancaster Avenue. Smith, Mrs. G. Wallace 3815 Atlanta Street. Starr, Mrs. M 1921 N. Ivleventh Street. I'ber, Mrs. G. F 728 N. Thirteenth Street. Williams, Mrs. E. Smith 224 Perry Street. Yearsley, Mrs. L 304 State Street, Camden. N. J. Members of the Master Plumbers' Association of Philadelphia. Adams, John 2035 N. Front Street. Barnes, Samuel W 2104-2106 X. Sixth Street. Bond, Alexander G 1344 Ridge Avenue. Brown, Frank P 45 N. Sixth Street. Brown, G 14 S. Fortieth Street. Brown, (ieorge B 1 2n S. Thirteenth Street. Burns, David R 739 N. Nineteenth Street. Buschner, C. Robert 237 S. Fifth Street. Byrne, John J .^7 N. Tenth Street. Boulais, Eugene J 318 N. Twentieth Street. Borcky, D. K 2734 Germantown Avenue. Bardon, David J 2040 E. Susquehanna Avenue. ]ieatty, Wm. J 6000 Germantown Avenue. Barnes, S. Louis 2104-2106 N. Sixth Street. Bryan, James G 1228 Locust Street. Borden, John (Borden .S: Bro. 1 637 N. Nineteenth Street. Barry, Thomas J 268 S. Twentieth Street. Beckett, George W 2036 Pine Street. Calhoun, Wm 123 Market Street, Camden. Canby, George 1441 S. Penn Square. Clark, Wm. S. (Clark Bros.) 218 S. Twelfth Street. Cobb, Daniel B 151 2 S. F'ifth Street. Carson, Andrew 283 S. Fifth Street. Cooke, Franklin H 1822 Susquehauna Avenue. Cooke, Wm. P 2122 Germantown Avenue. Cleary, Joliii 1' 2614 Kensington Avenue. Diet/,, W'ni. H 217 S. liighth Street. Doyle, Win. U 221 S. Sixteenth Street. Drumniond, Robert 2025 Gerniantovvn Avenue. Donegan, Wni. J 2707-2709 N. Broad Street. Dalton, Christuplier F 1215 Columbia Avenue. Deitz, Wni. H., Jr 217 S. Eighth Street. Dwyer, John F i;, 14 Ridge Avenue. Evans, Sanuiel T 701 Girard Avenue. Eyanson, John E. (J. E. Eyanson & Son) 207 S. Tenth Street. English, Thomas 1S17 Fairmount Avenue. F'lynn, Jas. A 1232 Locust Street. Fleming, Samuel V> 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. F'ry, Mason K 728 Spring Garden Street. Furlow, John 3218 F'rankford Avenue. Geisenberger, Joseph 1309 Master Street. Gillespie, A. Lincoln 622 S. Broad Street. Gormly, John . . 1433 Columbia Avenue. Gormly. P i,S5 N. Tenth Street. Goll, Balthazar 524 X. Third Street. Gotwols, George 3107 Frankford Avenue. Goldner, Herman 2553 N. Second Street. Haley, James M 1749 N. Tenth Street. Hamilton. Milton E 240 N. Thirteenth Street. Harkness, John N 247 S. Third Street. Harkness, Wm. Jr Builders' Exchange, 18-24 ^- 7^^^- St. Harley, Joseph 2664 Coral Street. Harnett, J.J .... 2340 N. Twenty-ninth Street. Henderson, Robert V, 1131 S. Broad Street. Hicks, A. M '\Si N. Flighth Street. Hicks, G. A 651 N. Flighth Street. _ Hicks, H. H 651 N. Eighth Street. Hinkle, Charles S. E. cor. Hancock and Cuiuhcrland Sts. Howell, Lewis 2013 Columbia Avenue. Hoben & Doyle S. E. cor. Twenty-first and Pine Streets. Joerger, George W. . . .' 412 Green Street. Jones, Walter 1732 Columbia Avenue. Kite, Jos. S 523 N. Fortieth Street. Krouse, William 149 Green Street. Lange, Arthur B N. E. cor. F'ront and Somerset Streets. Louglniey, James A 4043 Lancaster Avenue. Love, W Bryn Mawr. Mentzinger, Wm. W 830 Walnut Street. Mundy.J.A 2 13 S. Ninth Street. Murfit, George W 1093 Germaiitown Avenue. Mackay, FHvin H 2409 Ridge Avenue. Mansfield, John H 140 E. Chelten Avenue. McCarthy, Timothy 4i4,S Woodland A\enue. McElwee, Hugh 2539 Coral Street. McCaughey, John 2428 Kensington Avenue. McCandless, W. J 7 16 Walnut Street. McCann, John 2iu W. Dauphin Street. McCoach, Win. ... .... iTu]; Sansoiii Street. McDowell, N 23 Hudson Street. McGuckin, John ' 1023 Christian Street. Mclntyre, George I'" 1519 Frankford Avenue. McManemin, John C. . 134 S. Seventh Street. McTague, John J . . 703 S. Eleventh Street. Norris, Henry '4.^ I"-- Cumberland Strec-t. Norton, H.J Ardniore. Owens, W'ni. I,. Xarberth. O'Neill, Ivnnnetl . ... . . 4223 P'rankford Avenue. Packer, Morton A . .2732 E. Allegheny Avenue. Pannalee, Charles L 510 Richmond Street. Pennock, J. Sellers 33 N- Seventh Street. Perry, Edgar E 29 N. Si.xth Street. Pugh & Schnatz 34 S. Fortieth .Street. Priest, Jas. S . . 4365 Main Street, Manaynnk. Ross, Walter R 3515 Lancaster Avenue. Reynolds, J. B 397o Mt. Vernon Street. Reagan, Jos. \' 353^' N. Seventeenth Street. Rea. George W 1301 Poplar Street. Rockett, T. T .... 635 N. Nineteenth Street. Ray, Samuel I). . . I'ifty-third Street below Girartl Avenue. Scholl, Joseph 2712 W. Girard Avenue. Sheldrake, Chailes M 1 S')4 Kidge Avenue. Sutter, Samuel 717 Spring Garden Street. Smith, (.). Wallace 1 Samuel R. Smith & Bro. 1 . . . N. E. cor. Thirteenth and Race Streets. Schwartz, J 1 S55 Tulip Street. Smyth, 1 2.S13 Dauphin Street. Sabin, Frederick 146 N. .Second .Street. Soinmer, Louis J 2436 Brown Street. Tatem, H . 147 S. Fourth Street. Thompson. James I). ... 1 13 N. Twelfth Street. Truitt, Thomas H. . . 1703 Poplar Street. Thompson, Matthew 926 Sansom Street. Thorn, J. Barclay 2446 Ridge Avenue. Tondinson, Win. H. . . 720ilaIs rniversit\- of Pennsylvania The .Academy of F'ine .Arts I'ourth Street, North from Walnut. (Ilhistr Block of Bank Buildings. (Illustration) The Society of Friends .... The Bureau of Water .... The Board of Health .... Condensed (Uiide to Many Interesting Places \'isitors' Directory PAGi-: 73 75. 76 78 79. 80 S1-S9 83 90-97 94 96 97-99 1 o 1 - 1 05 103 104 1 06 I Io5 loS 109- 1 1 1 1 10 1 10 112, 113 115-119 iiS llS 120 121 123 123 124 124 125 127 128-132 LvVMi ■36 143 144-146 147, I4N 149 150 151 152 152 153 154. 155 15b 15S-160 161, 162 I.IST OF ADVERTISEMENTS. A iiicricaii Holier Works American Radiator Company American Saw Com])anv Aspinall. K. . . . . , Allen, William I American Tube Works Baltimore Hell antl Hrass Works . BcUmark I'ottcry Company Blessing, C. A. Hnick iV Slicrwooii Mfi,'. Co.. The Carroll, 1'. ... CohvcU Lead Company . Crane Company Cudell, I-. !•;. . Claridge ^; Hartliolomew Columbus Snpjily Com])any Comfort, ?;.. ^; Co. Detroit Sanitary Supply Comjianv Doufilas, John, Comiiany, The Devlin, Thos., & Co. Dayton Su])])ly Coni]ianv Dawes & Mylcr .... Dcccco Com]),uiy, The Fleck Bros Fulmcr, A. J., & Co. Forest City Brass Works . Ford vS; Kcudiji .... Fowler Radiator and Manufaclurin.u d Froclich Bros I'arnan Brass Works Glauber, M Hibbs, H. A Haines, Jones iS; Cadbury Co. Himtcr S: Dickson .... Hart ^lanufactnring Comiianv. The Hoffnian M: Billings Manufacturing Co. Hays Manufacturing Company Hawley, (ieo. B Hulicr, HenryiCo., The . Instantaneous Water Heating Compau Ideal Manufacluring Company Jolley, J. H., .>c Co. Johnson. J. I). Com])auv. The Kilbournc X: J.icobs Keystone Lead Works Keystone Pottery Company . Kittrcdgc Company upa p.\oic Opp. 2d cover Back of title 49 yi 3d cover 107 122 161 164 164 2d cover 1.5 59 95 95 102 74 77 S6 95 114 '35 24 27 .^9 49 S2 129 '35 161 The Locke, C. S., iV Smith .... I.ehner, Johnson iS; Hoyer Manufacturing C I.ooniis l'"iltcr Conipanv . I.ipp, I.ouis, \- Co Opp title 2a S '5 27 39 62 74 27 h2 8 55 39 55 66 145 Miller S: Coates .... Morris, Tasker iS: Co. McCainl)ridge iS: Co. JlcShanc, Henry. Mfg. Co. Molt. J. I Maryland I'ottcry Company. The . Miller, Joseph S. . . . . Muckcnhirn, C. H McShane, Henry, Manufacturing Companv Newell-Boolh Company, Limited New York Central Iron Works Owen >S: Salter .... Ohio Brass and Iron .Manufacturing Ci Ostcr Manufacturing Conqianv, The np.iny. The Perkcs. Charles .... Ricketts, J. J Rouse iS: Hills Co Robertson, James, M.inufacturing Conip.mv, Tlie Smith, H. H., >\; Co. Sands, Alfred B., >S; .Son Saunders", D.", Sons Savill, Walls .S: Co. .Shustcr Foundry, The Steward & Romaine Mfg. Co. Street vSiKcnt Manufacturing Co. . Slecl Clad Bath Co., The Star Coupler Company . Shepjiard, Is,aac, vS: Co. . Standard Manufacturing Conipan\- Stcbbins, Iv, Maiuifacturing Company Stainbach & Love .... Swoyer & Co Smith X: Kgge Manufacturing Co. TTllomas, Roberts. .Stevenson Company Tatham >\: Bros. .... Temple. James W Vulcanite Tile and Mosaic Companv ^'oolford, Ccorge .... Warren Weljster vS: Co. Wilks, S., Manufacturing Company Whetstone & Co Wolf, L., Manufacturing Company Zero \alve Company r.\c.K 13 59 82 117 17 '7 32 '57 49 102 '35 142 157 66 86 10 24 86. 49 59 2d cover 13 13 161 '5 164 39 44 44 95 ICKJ 102 122 129 155 8 114 129 91 15 17 62 95 142 62 Officials of Philadelphia. City Officers. Receiver of Taxes. flavor, City Solicitor, Wm. J. RoNKv. CiiAki.KS F. Warwick John L. Kinsey Director of I>irhlic Safety, Director of Public \\ orlis, AnuAiiAM M. Bkiti.kr. Thomas M. Thomp.sox. Directors of Charities anil Corrections. W'll.l.iAM IT. LA,Mi!i:Kr, President. Wiii.iAM I). Garhmck, John SnAf.i.CRnss, Ai.i-REi) Moore, Jamics \V. Walk. County Officers. Controller. Treasurer, John M. Wat. ton. Kkiiakh (,. Oi'.i.i.ers. Commissioners. Jacoi; \\'n.i)E:\i.)RE. J(isi:ni (".. Kiciimond, John 1'. J. Sicnse.muvRI'I'K. Sheriff, Recorder of Deeds. District Atlorncy, Samtei. M. Clement. Jdhn J. Ciri.en . (o^o. S. (tRaham. Register of Wills, Clerk of Quarter Sessions, Coroner, F.i.iAs p. Smithefs. James W. Latta. Sa.mei;!. H. AsiiiiRiix.E Departments and Bureaus of the City and County of Philadelphia. Iie|i.-iitiiicnl of I'ulilii- Woiks, Di- rccliu's ( )Hicc. Bureaus of Water, (las, Hn;li- ways, Li,t;luing, Street Clean- 111.1,', Surveys, Citv Ice Boats. Dep.irtnicut ii ami Cil\ I'ro]ieil \ . Depaitiiieut of City Controller. Dcpartinciit of City Tic.isurer. DeiJailuient of Recci\ er of Taxes. 6. ncpartnieui of Kc\isioii of Taxes. - 1 >r])arliiiriit of Kcconlcr of 1 )ccils. i.S. Department < f Mavoi. ,s. 1 ic]i.u-tinciit of keijistcr of Wills. 1 lep.irtiiieul of Sheriff. 19. Deji.ii Imcnt sioucrs. >f City Commis- JO. llc])artinciit of Clerk of ihi.irtcr 20. Deji.irtmeiU ( )f X.iiitu al Sclio..l Sessions. Shi]). 1 [. Dcpartuient of Couiit\ I'risou. 21. De]iartmeiit i> f Tort W uilcns. i:^. l)ei)artineiU <>f I.a«. 22. Department if I'.irk Comniis- 1.1- Department nl I'lothonol.irv . sioners. N- Department of Coiouer. 2 V Sinkiuy I*"uni . i.i- Dcpartuient of Dislricl .\ltoriie\ . 2.1 . iMlnr.ition. i6. Deparlmeiil of Ch.irities and Cm- reclioii. Bureaus of Chanties .111(1 Concctuui. ly- Dciiartmcnt Clerks of Conucils. 3 line 1U'1I.I>1;KS' 1-:XCI1.\N('.K. ScvcTilli Sll-ccl licloiv M:irkcl Slrcfl. MfCtiTlK ri.lLC "f llu- l.ltll ANM-AI. CllSVKNlIClN nf !lR- NAlKi.VAI. ASSC "C 1 A ilON "1 MASIKR I'LUMBICRS June, 1^05. Jt»?ss;«;?sss T3 a u c 3 E o .2 ic J Philadelphia — Its Charters and Government. 1681—1893:. Edward P. Allinsok and Boies Penrose. BLUE ANCHOR TAVKRN. SEAI, OP WILLIAM PENN. Philadelphia's municipal life may be divided into five sliaqily defined periods: I. 16.S1 to 1701, covering the era of its minority prior to Penns charter of 1701. In this period we have government by the Provincial Council, the County Court and the Grand Jury, and the short interlude under the proprietary charter of i6yr, whicli created Humfrey Morrey the first mavor.' It is a curious fact that this charter, which is now deposited with tlie Historical Society of Pennsylvania, seems for nearly two hundred years to have been lost sight of. II. 1701-1789 covers the life of Penns jiroprietary charter, which fell with the Revolution, and the thirteen years of suspended municipal life which ensued. After the Revohition, 1776 to 1789, such government as the city had was to be found in the courts of the justices of the peace and the legislative commissions already inaugurated during this period. III. From 1789 to 1S54 what is now known as the Old City, /. c, from \'ine to South Streets, and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers, grew and prospered under the legislative charter of 17S9 and its supplements up to the consolidation act of 1854. The records of this period are of the first imjiortance. In it we note the advent of Philadelphia as a modern American municipality. The entire personality of the city is changed ; it becomes the creature of the legislature. F,ver>- vestige of a close corporation, which was the distinguishing feature or Penn's charters, is swept away. The city is now tlie place and its inhabi- tants, all freemen have a voice in the election of the municipal govern- ment. Throughout the period are manifested the ebb and flow of two distinct lines of ])olicy. Starting out with a remembrance of the evils of divided authority, and a well expressed effort toward concentration of executive power and responsibility, we find in the latter half of the period a steady reversal of this policy, indicated by the absorption of all branches of executive supervision and control by the various committees of courcils. The mayor is, step by Step, shorn of his various powers and duties as executive until he is relegated to the position of being simply chief of police and the figure head of the corporation. Tlie responsibility is scattered through a dozen committees, whose personnel changes from year to year, and the execu- tive wheels are found running by a comple.x system which could not fail of disastrous results even then. These defects become intensified when carried over into the operations of the immensely extended consolidated city and county. IV. 1854 to 1887. In this period Philadelphia, in common with other great cities, staggered under a burden of laws, ordinances, customs and practices often resulting in legislative and executive m.aladministration. The consolidation act of 1S54 was a CITV SEAL, I 701. CITV SKAL, 1683. CITY SEAL, I7S9. necessary act of great political wisdom at the time. The city and the contiguous 'See Philadelphia, 1681-1887, by .\llinson and Penrose. Humfrey Morrey, first Mayor of Philadelphia, papei read by Col. J. Granrille Leach before the Historical Society cf Pennsylvania. The first Mayor of Philadelphia by Hon. S. W. Penuypacker, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, No. 3 of Vol. XV. territory, whicli had lieconie densely populated, had jiractically become one city. There was a comiiKJii I'utnre and coniniou wants. Adequate development was crippled by the multij^licity and jealousy of the many existing governing bodies acting independently of each other. The evils of the situation were recognized. The question of consoli- dation was agitated f(jr ten years before it was effected. It was opposed by the local PRKSEXT ciTv SE.\L. leaders. In 1S53 the friends of the act met and elected Hon. Eli K. Price for the Senate, and also candidates in the house pledged to sujijiort it and it was finally passed January 30, 1854.' The act of 1S54, while a great advance, did not meet the evils; nor was its intent confirmed to nor its sjiirit observed by councils. They neglected the exposure and coiTec- tion of the abuses of the de])artments and usurped in fuller measure than ever before almost every form of, executive duty. If the water department wanted a pump, it was the water committee which decided on the kind, st\le and horse power. If the highway department paved a street, it was the highway committee which supervised the letting, execution and approval of the contract. There was no general super\ision of public work. A condition of affairs, which was bad enough in the Old City, became intolerable when carried into the innuenscly extended business of con- solidated Philadelphia, \\hich had assumed proportions which demanded the most intelligent system and responsible supervision to obtain efficient service and adequate returns fof money expended. The financial management became more reckless every year, until the city was threatened with bank- ruptcy. The most noticeable features of the act of consolidation that are new are the offices of city controller and receiver of taxes, created by the act of 1S54. The greatest improvements which took place during the period also had reference to finance. The constitution of 1S74 placed a limit to the creation of funded debt, and the act of June 11, 1S79, conii>elled the city "to pay as you go." Very shortly after the consolidation act, one whose position ga\-e him e\-ery opportunity to measure the defects of our system, and whose abilities entitled his opinion to the greatest weight, summed up in forcible iMiglish the radical defects in the organic law and pointed out the necessity for intelligent legislation to cure those defects. The essence of our present charter, given liy the act of 1S85, known as the Bullitt Bill, is to be found in the second annual message of Hon. Richard Vaux, Mayor of Philadelphia, 1858. V. The fifth period is that of the present charter, the act of 1.SS5. Limited space has made it impossible to give even in briefest outline a sketch of the develop- ment of the citv government during the two centuries of its existence. From the date of the landing of Penn at the Blue Anchor Landing— from 16S1 to 18S5— we see the city grow from a collection of ca\-es whose inhabitants were counted by scores, to a crowded mart containing the homes of over a million of people. From two square miles to one hundred and tweuty-nine. PVom the government of the county court and grand jury closely followed by the close cor]".)ration and medieval charters granted by Penn, up through a maze of legislative confusion to the ad\-ent of the latest and best thought on municipal government as expressed in the Bullitt Bill. Although Mayor Vaux, in 1858, had pointed out the evils of the organic law, it took a score of years to arouse ])uhlic opinion. The movement which resulted in the passage of the act dates back to the indignation caused by the passage of the act creating the Public Building Commission. Governor Hartranft, in a specially able message in 1876, called the attention of the legislature to the evils of numicipal government. A commission was aiiiminted to devise a scheme for government of cities. On this commission, which resulted ultimately in the passage of the act of 1885, the services of Mr. John C. Bullitt were so conspicuous as to give his name to the bill. In 1882 councils took up the matter, which was referred to a special connnittee, of which S. Davis Page was chairman, and on which we find als(j such n\nnes as Ivffingham 15. MoitIs, George R. Snowdeu, J. W. Patton, vS. S. Hollingsworth, A. Haller Gross and Charles H. Banes. The history of the heated controversy over the bill finally introduced into the legislature h\ Mr. William C. Bullitt is still fresh in everv one's mind.' 1 History of Consolidation, liy Kli K. Price, pngc 53. riiilaclclphia, liv Allinson and Penrose, paj,'c 140. - See Report of Committee of One Hundred, by Tlionias Learning, Es(|. Message of Governor Hartranft, Senate Journal 1876, page 13. Report of Commission to devise a plan for city government of cities of Pennsylvania. Resolutions drafted by Hon. Richard Vaux, and introduced into common council by S. Davis P.age, Esep .See Journal of Common Councils, 1S82. 6 Uiuk-r the present eluirter, known as the 15nllitl Bill, the attempt lias been made and in theory a])proxiuialely attaineil t MANll- ACTl'RKRS DF I'or alMJVf or IhIdw wattr line. YACHT PLUMBING SPECIALTIES Ventilators, Tanks, Pumps, &c., &c. ici*^ -v IS X 3;^ inclu' Weight, IS n«. PATHNT PUMP WATER CLOSETS, for use eillier a1)ovc or below water line, for Sail aiul Sleam Yachts, Naptha, Steam and Electric Launches. LA\'ATORIES of all kiiuis, Folding Lavatories for Yachts and Launches. Special Attention Ciren to Repair Work. 134 BBBfcman SIibbi NEW YORK D. 5AUNDER5' SONS OneWlieel^» Roller "" Three Wheel Pipe Cotters No. 4 B. Pipe Cutting and Threading Machine, }i in. to 4 in. Hand or Power. Cutting and Threading All sizes '4 inch to 16 inch for Pipe Mill, Qas and Steam Fitters' use. STEAM ^^ GAS FITTERS' HAND TOOLS SEND FOR CATALOGUE. I. X. L Pipe Cutting and Threading Machine H 'V- to 2 in- No. 25 to 35 fltherlOD Street, Yonk^rs, N. Y. Hewa..ofimii:,ti.ms.No,u «.„„;„, without our Trade Mai k and Nauic 13 NORTH ENTRANCE OK THE CITY HALL. Geo. Woolford MANl) AC It KIR I >!■ Cedar and Cypress Tanks DWELLINGS, KACTORIES, WATER WORKS, ETC. In any Shape or Capacity Send for Catalogue -2^3cS-5() N. 9tli Street, Pliiladelphia ^^^ Slmster's "Sure Seal" Specialties COMBINATION CATCH BOX and FRESH AIR INLET Hy Uie use of tliis Ijox, all risk of ficsli air iiilot licconiiii<' obstruct ctl is obviated. XHB shustp::r founurv M \XI r' AC ITRI^RS 111- FIRST .QUALITY TESTED AND GUARANTEED SOIL PIPE AND IMPROVED FITTINGS PATENTED OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE !? N. E. Cor. Franklin and Willow Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. /O You USE DIE STOCKS, don t vol ^ THEN USE THE gf^ST THAT'S THK DUPLEX. lOR SAI.L \',\ ALL DLALLkS. SOLD ALL OVIiR THi: WUKLl). NONE SO GOOD. WRITE US FOR LIST AND PRICliS. The hart MFG. CO. = = = = OHIO. Crane Company "^.Z,!"' MANrFACTlKKRS WROUGHT IRON PIPE for Steam, Gas and Water MALLEABLE and CAST IRON FITTINGS BRASS and IRON VALVES, GATE VALVES and COCKS, ENGINE TRIMMINGS HOSE GOODS. STEAM and GAS FITTERS' TOOLS WROUGHT TUBE and CAST IRON RADIATORS, PLUMBING SUPPLIES, HOSE, BELTING PACKING, WINDMILLS, PUMPS, DRIVE WELL POINTS, ETC. PIPK CUX AND FITTED TO F^I^AN 15 Bureaus of Police and Fire. Philadelphia is justly proud of her Police and Fire organizations. They are organized as bureaus, the former having its headquarters at the City Hall, and the latter at 1328 Race Street. Superintendent of Police, Robert J. I^inden, is at the head of a force of 2027 men, in four divisions ; each in charge of a Captain. These are subdivided into twenty-nine districts ; each having its Sta- tion, in addition to which there are eleven Sub-Stations and eighteen Patrol Stations, with wagons and crews. Three companies of Mounted Police perform suburban service. A Reserve Corps, com- posed of picked men, many of them being of large stature, and a Harbor Police manning two well equipped tugs, are also features. Patrolmen report to their stations hourly, from signal boxes, of which there are 395. James C. Baxter, Jr., a veteran fireman, is Chief of the P'ire Department; the entire force numbers 692 men. The City is di- vided into eight Fire Districts, each under the supervision of an Assistant Engineer. Direct telephone service connects head(iuartcrs with all of the companies. The City has the following apparatus : — Forty-five Steam Fire Engines, forty-one Hose Carts, nine Hayes Hook and Ladder Trucks, one Double Tank Eighty-five Gallon Chemical Engine, one Water Tower, four Duval Water Towers for Aerial Ladders, one Double Tank Fifty Gallon Chemical Engine, Fire Boat, two Double Tank Sixty Gallon Chemical F^ngines, two Double Tank Thirty-five Gallon Chemical Engines and Hose Wagon combined ; in addition to which each Fjigine Company carries one Six Gallon Hand h'ire Extinguisher, and each Truck Company two Six Gallon Hand Fire I^xtinguishers on their appa- ratus. In the old volunteer da>s tlie firemen of Philadelphia were noted for their alacrity and excellent >ervice. Many of the best men in the present service graduated from the rough and frequent experiences of that period. The Insurance Patrol, a finely disciplined corps of men, is . maintained by the Insurance Companies, and perform hazardous 1 work in covering goods in buildings during conflagrations. In point of intelligence, physical superiority, efficiency and neatness of appearance, both the Police and Fire forces are not excclleii by those of any city in the United States. Visitors are shown apparatus and apartments at the fire houses willingly by the men on duty. The City Fire Boat, throwing a powerful stream, is of fre- (juent aid in suppressing conflagrations by co-operating with the engine companies along the Delaware and Schuylkill River fronts. The illustrations herewith afford an excellent idea of the uniforms of these two model departments. A C-^PT.\IN OF POLICE. f plumbers' Specialties Porcelain Bath Tubs Minton's AtA Files 182 Miller c^ Coates, 279 Pearl St., New York ' M0RRIS,TlSKER& Co., '^^^ OFFICES INCORPORATED 222 & 224 So. Third St., Philadelphia. MANTFACTfRHRS OV Boiler Tabes. Wronglit Iron Pipe and Fittings. HeaYy Castings. Tools and Machinery. Trolley Pipe Poles, Brackets, Arms, Etc. PASCAL IRON W^ORKS, PHILADELPHIA. DELAWARE IRON WORKS, NKW CAiSXLK, OELAWARK. EXHAUST STEAM rrrii/ED to ECONOMY, Ok INCRIZASE OF POWRR-AND HOW. SPECIALISTS In examining 5teani Plants where increased efficiency and er^ater economy is desired in heatinj; Feed Water for Steam Boilers; also \^armi^K huildinKS by the utilization of exhaust steam without back pressure upon the engine, irrespective of present heaters or methods employed. SEND FOR CATALOGUES, 1. 2, 3. Co OPFRATION OF Pl.rMBERS ANP STFAM T-ITTFRS SOI ICITK D — P \ R nCfl. ARS KfRXISHKn. Webster *» Vacuum " Feed Water Heater and Purifier. Webster Oil and Steam Separators. Williames* Vacuum System of Steam Heating. WARREN lWEBSTER & CO. Main Office and Works ■ ^AMr>cxr N J. pipe Wrenches- THE "CURTIS" "Alligator" TRADE MARK in. $2.25 12 in, $2-75 15 in. $3 00 18 in. $3.50 22 in. $5.00 The "Alligator" Wrenches are forged solid in one pitn. , with trnipn eled to eacii block, coiiniieiicing at tlie Delaware River runniiig; west, and at Market Street running north and south. Houses ou the south and west sides of streets have even numbers ; those on the east and north sides of streets have uneven numbers. Tin-: N.XMES OF STKICFTS. The names of streets are disjilayed on the lamp-posts and on houses at the intersections. Com- mencing with Delaware Avenue at the Delaware River, the first street west is named h'ront Street ; the second is named Second Street, and so on to the city limits, numerals being used for all streets ruiuiing north and south, with the exception of Hroad Gtreet. Names are used for all streets running east and west, as slujwn in the following list : X.\MKS OF STRKICTS UrNNINC. I':.\ST .VND WI-:S'r, WITH NrMHl-:KS OI' Hor.SICS. NORTH Ol' M.^RKKT STKKKT. .SOITH Ol- M.-VRKKT SfKEET. HOITSE HOT-SK NO. NAMK (H* STRKKT. SO. NAMK i>K STREET. i Market. 1400 Master. ICO Arch. 1 500 Jefferson. 200 Race. 1 600 Oxford. 300 Vine. 1700 Columbia .\\e. 400 Callowhill 1800 Montgomery .\\e «« Noble. 1 900 Berks. 500 Buttonwoot 1. 2000 Norris. 5^<-> Spring Oar( :len. 2 1( l< ) Diamond. 600 Green . 2200 Susiiuehanna .\ve 700 Fairmount Ave. 2300 Dauiihin. Soo Brown . 2400 York. 836 Parrish. 2500 Cumberland. goo Poplar. 1200 Girard Ave 1300 Thompson. 2600 Huntingdon. 2700 Lehigh Ave. 2800 Somerset. HOl-SK HOUSE NO. NAME OF STREET NO. NA.ME OF STREET. 1 Market. 1400 Reed. I Of) Chestnut. 1500 Dickinson. 200 Walnut. 1600 Taskcr. 3* to S])ruce. I 7 Morris. 4( )o Pine. 1 ,S< )(_) Moore. 5"<' Lombard. I<)<)0 Mifflin. 600 .S(mlli. 2000 McKean. 7()<. Bainbridge 2100 Snyder Ave. 74" iMtzwater. 2200 Jackson. .S(K) Catharine. 2300 Wolf. (-)()( ) Christian. 2400 Ritner. I ( >no Carj>cnter. 2500 Porter. I [OD Washington Ave. 2600 Sliunk. I 200 Federal . 2700 Oregon .\ve. 1 300 Wharton. 2800 Johnston. Street cars run on the streets and in the direction indicated as follows : North on Third, Fifth, Eighth, Ninth, 1-vleventh, Thirteenth. Sixteenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth. South on Second, Fourth, Sixth. Seventh, Tenth, Twelfth, h'ifteenth, Seventeenth and Twentieth. East on Lombard, Spruce, Chestnut, M:u'ket, I'ilberl, .\rch. Race, Callowhill, Sjiring Garden, Green, Wallace. Girard Avenue, Jefferson, Columbia Ax'eiuK- and Norris. West on South, Pine, Walnut, Sansom, Market, Arch, \'ine, Callowhill, Spring Garden, l'"airniount Avenue, Girard Avenue, Master, Columbia Avenue and Susquehaiina Avenue. Broad Street Omnibus Line, from Broad and Huntingdon Streets to Snyder Avenue. Return same route. Time for round-trip, one hour and thirty-eight minutes. The Parks and Squares of the City, By Charles S. Kevser. BRONZE STATUE OF JEANNE n'ARC Girard Avenue entrance of I^emon Hill Fairmouut Park. Reservations of ground as parks and squares for the general enjoyment of the people of Philadelphia have been made in twenty-three of the thirty-five wards of the city, and fairly provide for the needs of the citizens. They are the result of a policy inaugurated by the founder of the State, who laid out on the plan of the city four squares, or areas of ground, at its four angles, containing together twenty-eight and a half acres, and further intended that tlie whole front of the city along the Delaware River should be kept a green slope. The numicipality subsequently improved these squares, and from tune to time added other small tracts generally called squares, from their rectangular borders, so that there are now thirty -three open areas of ground through the .< city, embracing altogether two hundred and seventeen acres, the connnon property of the citizens. Among these is "Stenton," an old homestead, fourteen acres, formerly the property of James Logan, Colonial Secre- tary of the founder; " Bartram's Garden," eleven acres, the first b(jtanical garden in America; the ground, two and a half acres, where the founder made his world-famed treaty with tlie Indians under the great elm tree; and "Independence Sqiiare," four and a half acres, where the Declaration of Independence was first read to the people. These grounds, either have been or are being laid out in walks and lighted and planted with trees, are a distinctive feature of the city plan, and of inestimable value as breathing places for the citizens. There is also a larger tract, "Hunting Park," forty-three acres, enclosing a mile course, now a public common for the citizens. But the most popular of these grounds of Philadelphia, as well as the most notable piece of ground for its extent and natural advantages within the borders of any municipality, either in Europe or America, is " Fairmount Park," a great tract of land and water brought into prominence by the reservation made out of it for the Centennial h^xhibition of 1876. It lies on both sides of the Schuylkill River, in the western portion of the cit}' plan, and extends from its east entrance westward three and a half miles, northward five and a half niiles along the Schuylkill Riwr, to the northwestern boundary^ of the city, and a further distance of six and a half miles along the Wissahickon, a tributarv' stream which flows into this river, the whole tract embracing an area of land and water of nearly thr.^e thousand acres. It is dedicated to the use of the whole people of the State as a public common, and is in charge of a Board of Commissioners, who are authorized to make the necessary expenditures for its mainten- ance from appropriations made annually for this purpose by the councils of the city. It was acquired by the city under the authority of the State, mainly I)}' purchase. A large portion of it, however, was the gift of citizens. The river which passes through it is the main supply of the water for the city, and the preservation of its purity was one of the pur- poses of the acquisition of its waters within the grounds. The OLD BARTRAM MANSION. '^:^^>_ ■:^'' -y '^Sot' KQCFSTRIANS IN I-AIRMOL'NT I'VKK. whole tract was fonnerh^ a series of estates. One jiortiou of it was the residence of John Penn, the hist Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania : another, the estate of Judge Peters, the Secretary of War of the Colonies durintj tlie Revolution ; another, the country seat of Robert Morris, the Financier of the Revo- lution. The mansion of Judge Peters, as well as others of these colonial dwellings, remain as they were during the Revolution. The chief modern buildings are "Memorial Hall " and " Horticultural Hall." Memorial Hall was built from appropriations made by the State, and for the Centennial ]%x])o- sition of 1S76, at a cost of one and a half million dollars. A gallery of pictures is a leading featiue of this building. There are large numbers of rare curios, old laces, armor, cannings, etc. This building is open to the public free daily, including Sundays, throughout the year. Horticultural Hall was built at the same time by the city. It contains a magnificent collection of plants, among them the fern trees of Australia. The other near by structures are the Ohio building and the buildings of the British Com- missioners, also remembrances of that Centennial. The buildings of the Zoological Garden, the grounds of which cover a tract of thirty-three acres, are upon the western shore of the Schuylkill River, below (lirard .-\ venue. The boat club houses of the Schuylkill Navy are above the old Faimiount Water Works, along the margin of the river. These last are ecjual in all their appointments to those of any organization for similar purposes, in fact no similar collection of buildings as extensive for boating clubs is found anywhere else in the United States. The national rowing course is an exceptional water for its freedom from wind and currents. Three of the city's water works and their reservoirs are also located in Fairmount Park. One of these reservoirs covers a tract of one hundred and five acres. It is, however, in its natural advantages that the park had its admirable place among the pleasure grounds of the world. The lower Schuylkill section, two thousand two hundred and forty acres, contains half a million trees and shrubs, among these three thousand four hundred forest trees,' with some rare specimens eighteen to twenty-seven feet in circum- ference : it contains three hundred and twenty-one genera and six hundred and fifty varieties of herbaceous and cryp- togamous plants. The flowers and flowering shrubs are a remarkable feature in this park. These have been classified -aiV A VISTA I.N WKST I'AIRMDfNT PARK, INTHRIOR HORTICUI.TUKAI. IIAI.I,. !^i^ . GIRAKIJ AVI-:::tJE BRIDGE ACKUSS THK SCIIUVI.KILI. RIVER. A r.r.IMPSK OP TITK WISSAHICKON, FAIRMOrNT PARK, in five hundred genera and scnxii Innulrcd varieties ; tlie park contains also in its stratifications one-sixth of all the known minerals of the United States ; its waters, fifteen species offish ; and its woods, thickets and meadows seventy-seven species of birds, resident or migratory, oiiserved during the year. The Schuylkill River within its borders has an average breadth of a c[uarter of a mile, in some parts broading so as to present the appearance of lakes, in others showing a slow flowing stream. The W'issahickon, its tributary, is among the most remarkable of all known waters as a type of the purely romantic in scener>'. The park besides contains twenty smaller streams and one hundred and fifty springs of clear, cold water. It has even' variety of scenen,- — upland, lawn, rocky ravines, high hill summits and open fields. It is made accessible to the visitors by fifty miles of carriage drives, and one hundred miles of smaller roads and paths, and by row boats and steamers on the .Schuvlkill River, a distance of six miles, and by row boats on the Wissahickon, a distance of two miles. There are a number of pieces of statuary in the grounds, gifts of indi\-iduals and societies, mainly of the " Park Art Association," organized for this purpose. They embrace great men of the Revolution and of our own time ; among them are Charles Carroll, of Carrollton ; Commodore Harry, of the Revo- lutionarj- Navy, and Dr. Witherspoon. There are also statues of Humboldt, Abrah;un Lincoln and General George Gordon Meade, Morton McMichael, Goethe and Schiller, a statue of Religious Liberty, and a statue of Columbus which is believed to be the first erected in any part of the United States. The beautiful equestrian statue of Jeamie D'Arc, a picture of which embellishes this article, was recently erected in the park at the eastern approach to Girard A\-enue bridge. The cost of the grounds ai- C. Few Seiss, his cla,ssification embraces resident, summer resident, winter resident and migratory ; the ichthyologj-, by the late Thaddeus Xorris, it embraces local and migrators' ; the list of trees by Isaac Burke, with additions by Thomas Meehan, embracing trees and shrubs ; the list of flowers ft-om the collections of George Worley, William Haworth, E. Price, and the writer LOOK HERE... l^rotcct And propose to see that the famous Ohio Stop and Waste Cocks are in use in every part of the United States. Ha^■inK tested e\ery one to 200 lbs. Water Pressure, we absolutely guarantee them THe DUlo Brass and iron mfg. Do. Cleveland, onio FLECK BROS. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Manufacturers and Jobbers of Fine Plumbing: Goods Office and Store ^j^^^. 44N.5lhSt. and 507 North St i2^ Warehonse and Branch Store 1641-1643-1645 American St. You are invited to call and see Exhibit of Plumbino- Goods in our Show Room, at 44 N. 5th .Street. 24 The Zoological Garden. Bv C. L. Jefferson. -i%^: ENTRANCH flF Tin; ZOOI.or.ICAI, CARDEN. The l)eautiful garden of the Philadelphia Zuological Society has, ever since its establishment in 1S74, grown steadily in popular appreciation as a place of resort for excursion parties from the cities and town;- within reach. The oppor- tunity which it affords, botli to children and those of mature years, for ol)- taining a familiar knowl- edge of the varied fonns of life which abound under nature in all portions of the earth, combined with the pleasurable accessories of trees, foliage, and the nian\- jjroducts uf the gardener's art, render it specially well adapted to such a purjiose. The garden covers about thirty-fi\e acres of ground, beauti- fully situated on the bank of the Schuylkill River, just below ( .irard Axenue bridge, and is, in fact, the southern extremity of West Kainnount Park. A considerable part of the enclosure was originally the estate of John Penn, a grandson of the founder of the Commonwealth, whose mansion — "Solitude" — Still stands, unaltered, about the middle of the grounds. The lasing out of the garden, with the buildings and enclosures for animals, represents an outlay of nearly half a million dollars. The collection of animals, which is the primary object of the estab- lishment, has been selected with a view to the educational facilities which can be afforded in no way but by grouping together living s])ecimens, and is justly regarded as not onh- by far the best in this country, but as of equal rank with the best of the long-established institutions of like nature in luirope, where almost every city has its zoological garden for tlie recreation and instruction of its people. The buildings are striking instances of tlie adaptation which may be reached between archi- tectural effect and practical fitness for the special purpose of their erection. The carnivora house is a massive structure of brick, over two hundred feet long, surrounded by outside cages for sunnner use on one side, while on the other is a terrace of stone, with beds C(3ntaining a grreat variety of tropical cactus, and a fountain basin filled with many kinds of colored water-lilies. It contains many specimens of the lion, tiger, leopard, puma, hyaena, and all the large carnivora, besides sun-bears, porcupines, and many other animals. The elephant house, the largest and most costly of the build- ings, contains a numl)er of elephants, the enormous Indian rhinoceros, hippopotamus, zebra, tapirs, etc. In front is a large stone tank in which the elephants are bathed everj- afternoon during warm weather, affording by their clumsy sport while in the water a never-ceasing source of amusement to the gathered crowd. The deer house, in front of which are the seal ponds, contains a number of deer and antelope, mainly from Africa and South America; also, kangaroos, ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and the 25 brush-turke}'. The rare and interesting' chimpanzee, which, next to the goriUa, is the largest among apes, is also kept in this building. The aviary, at the southern end of the grounds, is filled with a collection mostly of tropical birds, toucan,;, parrots, macaws, pigeons, etc., whose brilliant colors show in the airy and sunlit build- ing like the gorgeous shades of beds of variegated flowers. The polar bear pen. the pits for other bears, the deer park, the iron cattle pens, the enclosures for camels, llamas, elk, and buffalo, the prairie dog village, pheasant cages, lake for swans, ducks, and geese, the beaver pond, eagle aviary with the large monkey house and reptile house, are scattered throughout the grounds, and afford material to occupy a full day in a careful inspection. Guide-books giving full descriptions of the animals are sold at the gates for fifteen cents. Especial attention is given to gardening, both landscape and ornamental, and the effects produced by the extensive display of native and exotic plants of all varieties is probably uot surpassed in this country. Quick and easy means of transit are at hand to all points about the city. The Zoological Garden Station, on the Peiuisylvania Railroad, is directly at the north gate, and is within six nuiuites' ride of the Broad Street Station and the new Public Buildings. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad has a station at Girard Avenue, within five minutes' reach of the garden. Steamers ply on the Schuylkill River from the water-works, nearly opposite, to the Wissahickon, stopping every few moments at the garden, and street cars run to all parts of the city. The Local Census. When the Board of Managers of the Trades League determined to undertake the " Book of Philadel- ])hia," it was recognized that among the most important of the many items of information to be gathered into its pages was a careful and unassailable count of our population. Having this in view the aid ot the Mayor and Councils was invoked, with the result that the police, under the direction of Captain J. A. Kaiser, as Superintendent of the Census, obtained the following rtrsults, which gives Philadelphia her rightful place as second of American cities in point of population : POITLATKJN OF THE CITY OF PHILADKLPHI.V, NOVEMBER, 1892. Over 21 years. Under 21 years. I'opulation ^ Over 21 years. Under 21 years, I'opulation Wards. Males. Females. Males Females, of Wards. Wards. Males. Females. Males. Females, ol Wards. I 17,576 17,489 13,448 13,320 61,833 ^° 13.212 16,015 7.531 7.970 44.728 2 10,361 9,659 6,979 6,774 33,773 21 7,988 8,124 6,029 6,057 28,198 3 6,964 6,513 4,571 4,45^ 22,501 22 13,855 17,277 9,718 10,116 50,966 4 7,217 6,297 4,455 4,409 22,37s 23 6,759 7.0S4 4,493 4,502 22,828 5 6,675 5,749 3,130 3,098 18,652 24 .... 13,718 16,661 8,299 8,907 47.585 6 3,593 2,503 1,519 1,496 9,111 25 11,310 10,701 9,776 9,501 41,288 7 9,449 I2,Sl2 4,548 4,901 31,710 26 20,075 20,218 15.239 15.021 70,553 8 . ... 6,254 8,754 2,134 2,115 19.257 27 i'.9,i5 13.203 6,295 6,495 37,928 9 3,698 3,772 1,242 1,254 9.966 28 17.989 18,770 12,525 12,423 61,707 10 8,391 8,639 2,781 3,034 22,845 29 16,157 20,408 11,366 10,596 58.527 II 4,543 3,4S4 2,638 2.549 13,214 30 8,754 10,170 5,654 5,728 30,306 12 5,o.S3 4,558 2,415 2,459 14.515 31 9.598 9.798 7,0,83 6,980 33.459 13 6.578 6,,SS7 2,654 2.674 18,793 32 9.673 12,982 5,358 5,848 33,861 14 7,387 7,942 3,201 3.258 21,788 33 12,186 11,790 ",315 10,092 44,383 15 16,306 18,337 8,736 0,947 52,326 34 6,880 6,689 5,837 5,323 24,729 16 5,066 4,971 3,431 3,482 16,950 35 5,358 4,516 3,102 3,191 16,167 Totals . 342,168 364,610 217,637 218,238 1,142,653 17 5,763 5.727 3.886 4,011 19,387 18 9,135 8,884 5.876 5.570 29,425 19 16,682 17,267 ii,3''^3 11,684 57,016 When this result was pul)lished the Trades League, whose special committee had taken an active part in the work, expressed to Mayor Stuart, in an oflicial letter, the belief that the figures were entirely correct, and that the excellent system adopted, reflected great credit upon the Police Bureau. 26 Hoffmann 5 Billings Mfg. Co. Ollice and Salesroom, 96 to 100 2d St. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Factory, 178 to 200 Becher St. Manufacturers of . . . St'I'Kkkir ('.kadi; oi 'lumbers' \^rdss ami jron \\'oii Grcund Key Work, Full Line Zane Style, Self-Closing Work Compression " " " Doherty " " " Fii .t 1. tt T~t- • i-» i 1. 4( .i (Closes with, uller " " " Pierce s Patent " I pressure ) Sanitary Specialties Soil Pipe and Fittings, 2 to t2 in. Inclusive STANDARD AND EXTRA HEAVY Cast Iron Sinks, Painted, Galvanized and Enameled ESTABLISHED IN 1855 838 Broadway, NEW YORK 451 Camp St., NEW ORLEANS MAKERS OF THE DOUGLfiS AND ACME Instantaneous Water Heaters !fe!^^ '"^^/^♦•f? mai^im 141 and 143 Ontario St., Ctiicago. A. J. FULLMER & CO. ..DEALERS /,V... 9^ FEDERAL STREET ^ CAMDEN, N. J, Public Schools. COMPILED FROM THE REPORT O.' THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. wmmm a (. i su •jji"' NEW NORMAL SCHOOL. Philadelphia has invested in public school property the sum of $io, i6(), 695.00. In 1893, 125,180 pupils attended 428 public schools in Philadelphia, at an expense of $3,461,183.05, of which $531,225.59 was chargeable to permanent improvement. The average expense for each pupil was $23.61 per annum. The average annual expense of the Manual Training School l^oys was $113.50 (see Manual Training Schools); of High School boys, $90.02; of the Normal School Girls, $37.29. The average daily attendance was 55,594 boys and 58,765 girls. 2988 teachers, of whom 137 are men, are employed ; the item of salary for instuctors being $2,006,571.10. Of the 428 schools, 86 are under supervising principals. There are 119 primary schools, 64 secondaries, 77 kindergartens, 52 combined secondary and primary schools, 37 grammar, 31 consolidated, 29 combined grammar, secondary and primary, 5 combined grammar and primary, 3 cooking, 2 manual training and i each of boys' high, girls' high and girls' normal schools, school of practice, industrial art school, elementary manual training school and school of pedagogy. The girls' normal school is now provided with a structure which ranks well with any school building in the United States. It is erected upon the siie of the old .Spring Garden Hall, at Thirteenth and Spring Garden Streets. The present membership of the girls' high school is 1790, and the number of instructors is 53, the principal being j\Ir. George W. Fetter, who has occupied this pcjst continuously since 1865. The course of study covers four years. Of the 5772 pupils who have graduated since the opening of this school in 1848, 487S have subsequently become teachers in the public schools. The public instruction of Philadelphia is in charge of a Board of Education, the city being divided into school sections of which there are 37. School directors are also chosen at local elections by the people. The immediate charge of the work of education is in the hands of a superintendent, the present incumbent being Edward Brooks, LL- D., who has a staff of six assistants. The offices of the Board are upon Filbert Street above Seventh. The reader is referred to the chajiter upon Manual Training Schools for information regarding an important branch of the public education. COOKING CLASS, PtiBLIC SCHOOL AT SEVENTH AND NORRIS STREETS. The Drexel Institute. l!v Jamhs MAcAr.iST)iR, IJ,.I). The Drexel Institute, toundetl by Anthony J. Drexel, for the proniution of education in art, science ami industry, was opened on December 17, iSyr. The chief object of the Institute is the extensinn and improvement of indu-strial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to young men and women. It was the founder's desire, however, that the plan of organization should be comprehensive, providing liberal means of culture for the masses through the instrumentality of lectures, e\-ening classes, a library and a museum. The Institute is situated on Chestnut Street, corner of Thirty-second, at a point where elec- tric railways converge, within easy distance of the Powelton Avenue and the South Street stations of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and but three squares from the station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The building, constructed of light buff brick with terra-cotta ornamentation, measures, 011 the ground plan, 200 by 200 feet, and is four stories in height. The principal entrance is on Chestnut Street, by a richly decorated portal, 26 feet wide and 35 feet high, which leads through a portico to a spacious entrance hall, the ceiling of which is supported by pillars of red Georgian marble. Beyond this is the grand central court, 65 feet square and the entire height of the building ; the ceiling being a skylight of stained glass. At the farther end of the court is the great marble stairway, leading to the upper floors and to the basement. Broad galleries surround the central court and give access to the various class-rooms, laboratories and studios on the upper floors. On the first floor are the library, the reading room, the museum, the lecture hall and the auditorium. The lecture hall has chairs for 300 students. The auditorium, which has a separate entrance on Thirty-second Street, is a spacious and finely equipped hall capable of seating 1500 persons. It is furnished with upholstered arm-chairs. At the eastern end is a fine organ enclosed in a beautifully decorated screen in the style of the Italian Renaissance. Forty class-rooms, studios and workshops occupy the second, third and fourth floors and the basement, the workshops being situated in the basement, and the physical laboratories and a gym- nasium on the second, third and fourth floors. The two terms of the year begin respectively September 15th and February ist. The e\-ening classes begin in October and continue until the end of March. Instruction is given in drawing, designing, modeling in clay, wood-carving, mathematics, physics, chemistry, applied electricity, wood and iron working, cookery, millinery, dress-making, stenography and type-writing, book-keeping, physical culture, and choral music. The library and reading room are open not only to students, Init also to the general public, daily, except Sunday, from 9 \. m. to 6 P. m., and during the Winter months from 7 to 10 i>. m. The museum is open to the public on the same days and at the same hours as the library. It already includes a large collection of wood and metal work, ceramics, embroideries and textiles given by Mr. Drexel, the founder of the Institute. \'alual)le and important gifts have been made to the collection by George W. Childs, the late Mrs. James W. Paul, Jr., James W. Paul, Jr., the family of the late Lieutenant Allan G. Paul, U. S. X., Dr. Edward H. Williams and Thomas K. Kirby. The auditorium is in use throughout the season of instruction for popular and classic concerts, lectures, educational assemblages and nuny like events to which the public is admitted either free or upon the payment of a small sum. Viewed as a memorial of one of Philadelphia's most valued and philanthropic citizens, the Drexel Institute is probably uneciualled by any similar institution founded upon private endowment in this country, in the great influence it must have upon the skill of our coming generations in the applied arts, through the benificent instruction which may be obtained within its portal. y THE IMPROVED "SYPHO" WATER CLOSET ^^j Vitreous Porcelain wm 1'^^ With seat and cover attached to bowl. ^ McCAMBRIDGE & CO., u.... MANU'I'ACTrRl'lRS OF Pluiiibers' Sui3plies Nos. 523-25-27 Cherry Street T3T-TTT AT^T.-T PTTTd The Churches and Sunday Schools of Philadelphia. Bv J. K. De I,.\ Motta, Public Ledger. OI,D SWKDKS CHIKCII. There can l>e little dtnibt that, comparatively speaking, PhiUulelpliia lias a larger nnin1)er of cluirclies than any other city, and it is a wt'l- known fact not to he disputed that tlie religions character of tlie people, their dc\t)tion and tlio attendance on the services of the church, far exceeds that of any other city. Phihidelphia is noted for the large number of her Sunday Schools and Sunday Schocjl scholars, iK-iiig in that respect far ahead of otlier cities, and ii is in the Sunday School that the children arc trained to lead t;(jod and useful lives. The religious character of tlie people of the City (jf Hrotherly Love may he attributed to a number of causes, one of tlie principal, probably, being the large Quaker element. Another reason may l>e the fact that Philadelphia is emphatically the city of homes, and there is e\'ery iiiceiiti\e for the encourage- ment of the domestic relation. Taverns and places of amusement are not kept open on Sunday, as is tlie case in so many Western cities, and those who might be inclined to frequent tliem are thus led to places of worship. It is becoming ex'ery \-ear more and more rare for churches to be closed during the Summer. When repairs are being made in one ])ortioii of tlu- building services are held in another part of the same. It is often said to the discredit of Philadeljihia that we have no very distinguished ])reachers and no \-ery distinguished churches, while the fact is that the average cliurch in Philadelphia is large and distinguished, and, on the oilier hand, the average church in otlier large cities is weak and declining. This is simply saying that the churcli life of Philadelphia corres])onds with the general business and social life which is of a widespread jirosperity and of universal homes. There are ,-^oo churches in Philadelphia which any minister might be proud to preside ox'er, and in which any member might tind a happy, religious home ; in other large cities these hundreds must be reduced to scores. Another peculiarity of church life in Philadeljihia is that, while loyal to its own denomination, it is devoid of sectarianism : the original spirit of William Peim has rendered bigotry, narrowness and sectarian jealousy imjiossible in the City of l^rotherly Love. There is no city in the wcjrld wliere the average church member is so generally identified with some philanthrcipic and benevolent institution or object. .\ man or woman in any church in Philadelphia who has not some ])et scheme of charity, some orjihanage, (jr home, or refuge, or asylum to which he or she devotes time, thought or nione>-, is a rare exception. Of the 6o(i churches in Philadelphia there are 40(j connected with denominations that fa\or Christian Ivndea\or. In these churches there are 232 Christian lindeavor Societies, and of this number 215 have joined the Philadelphia Union. There are, in addition, 67 junior societies. The societies number about 13,000 members. The Christian ICndeavor movement was inaugurated o\er ele\'en years ago, and the first society was started in this city in the ( laston Presbyterian Church about eight years ago. The Philadelphia Union, wdiicli was organized April 9, 18SS, with 15 societies, is the largest local union in theworld. Its growth has been so rapid as to necessitate its division into branches known as Ciermantown, Northeast, Northwest and West Philadelphia. The local union holds three meetings each year, aiul the Executive Committee, composed of the Presideuts and Secretaries of the different societies, meets monthly. These meetings have an average attendance of 500. One of the interesting features of religious work in Philadelphia, which is equalled in very few cities in the United States, is the Union Teachers' Study of the International Sunday School Lessons in Association Hall. This Bilile Class of 700 superintendents and teachers has fully maintained its popularity. Sun(la\- School workers, not only from this city but from tlie surrounding towns, go every Saturday afternoon to Association Hall to obtain aid in preparation for tliL-ir Salibath work. Philadelphia has a larger number of Methodists than any other cil>-. This sect maintains 95 churches within tlie city limits, having a membership of about 30,000. The Philadelphia Conference embraces 359 churclies. This was the first conference of mini''.'i.ers organized on this continent, six clergymen having met for that |)urpose in St. George's Church in 1773. The great Methodist book concern originated here, as well as the first missionary society. Among the chief glories of Philadelphia are her historic churches still used as regular places of worshi[>. and often visited by strangers temporarily sojourning among us. In a grove of stately old trees ujion the banks of the Delaware in the southern part of the city stands the ancient Episcopal Church of the (iloria Dei, more familiarly known as the Old Swedes. Its history is perhaps more interesting and eventful than that of any other church edifice in this country, and it stands to-day in a perfect state of preservation upon the original site. More than a half a century before William Penn arrived at New Castle, on the Delaware, Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, thought of sending a colony of settlers to this country. He was unable to carry out his desire, owing to the stormy condition of affairs during his reign ; but in 1636 his daughter. Queen Christina, sent the first little band of Swedish colonists, who settled in the \'illage of Wicaco, which at present forms a part of this city. In i(>77 the colonists formed a jiarish and erected a rude church constructed of logs, which was dedicated on Trinity Sunday of the same 3'ear. The church was known as the " Block House," as it also served as a fort to defend the settlers from attacks by the Indians, of whom it is recorded, however, that they generally were friendl>' and obliging, owing to the kind treatment they received. The old building stood until 1700, when it was torn down, and the present structure of brick was erected in its place, and dedicated on the first Sanday after Trinity. Services were conducted in the Swedish language until iSiS. Old Christ Church is located upon Second Street above Market, in what was once the fashionable quarter of the cit>-, but which has for generations been de\'oted almost entirely to purposes of trafhc. The church, \\liich was one of the nnist notable structures in the colonies, was completed in 1744, the steeple, however, being finished se\-en years later. This church was the place of worship of (leorge Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and many other personages of great distinction. In the Semicircle of villages which developed about the parent settlement upon the Delaware, and which are now included within the city limits, are many quaint early churches still well preserved. One of the finest plication of art to industry, and the instruction in the School has constant reference to a similar purpose. The institution owes its origin to the increased interest in Art and Art Education awakened by the Centennial Exhibition in 1S76. The valuable collection of fabrics, metals, glassware, curios and other interesting objects arranged in Memorial Hall is open to the public, free of charge, every day in the week, including Siuidays. and is one of the popu- lar places to which residents conduct friends A-isiting the city. The School is located at the N. W. Corner of Broad and Pine Streets. An ample staff ol profe.ssors of distinction and of instructors is engaged in the service of the School. The number of pupils registered in 1893 was 404. Both day and night classes are maintained. Great importance is attached to the practical application of the principles taught. No school in America is so thorough as this in its devotion to the idea that to be effectual the instruction must be based upon a study of the actual requirements of the industries to which art is to be applied. The School comprises the following departments : Drawing, Decorative Painting, including Fresco Painting; Decorative Sculpture, Wood Work and Carving, Metal Work, Applied Design, Architectural Design, Textile Design and Manufacture, Chemistry, Dyeing and Modern Languages. .■^CHOnr, HlTLmNC. AT URO.^n .\NI> I'lVK .STREKTS. The Manual Training Schools. E. A. Partridgp:, Ixstri-ctor in Physics. MACHINR SHOP. The Manual Traiiiiiitj Schools ol I'liiladelpliia are the ontcome of an L-iKk-a\or of a iiunilifr of the nienibers of the Ijoard of Ivluca lion, to add to tlie educational s\steni of the city, schools in wliich the instruction should be carried on by a method which has long- been recognized as the most natural and consequently the best that can be concei\'ed. The exercise and cnnseiinent development of the senses, the avenues through which all our knowledge reaches us, is necessarily the highest aim of the educator. But this sense ■xercise has until recently been almost entirely neglected. With •.he opening of the Manual Training School in September, iS.s^, this neglect ceased and a course of study was inaugurated in which sense exercise is the object consistently aimed at. The work in the several departments is so planned as to be mutually helpful. Working in this way the scliool has achieved for itself a high reputation lioth in this countiy and in bhirope. At the Paris Exhibition it was awarded a gold medal for presenting the Ijest exliibit of work done by an American Mar.ual Training School. In the Manual Training Schools boys d<.i not lean-, trades, they are taught to use the tools employed by the workers at many trades. They thus not only learn the methods of manufacture of manv things, but actpiire skill themselves. Skill which enaliles them when they have conceived an idea t(_) give it t;;ngihle form. This \'ery ability reacting induces greater fertility of imagination. The dexterity to fashion resisting materials into useful things creates in the boy a greater respect for the artisan. As a consequence when he comes to the choice of his occupation he will not feel that he is limited to the o\"ercro\vded, learned ]inifessions, Imt can gi\-e his natural inclination free sway, and lie will not choose blindly, for he will have learned l>y experience whether he is naturally gifted in any particular direction. He is not, however, baiTed from a professional life, for when he is graduated he is fitted to enter the I'niversity of Pennsyhania. As the University offers a large number of free .scholarships, many of the graduates of the school ha\'e availed themselves of the opportunity t(.) continue their education. In fact 25 per cent, of the graduates enter colleges or higher technical scho(jls. Since the establishment of the school in 1S85, 14^7 boys have entered, over 50 pier cent, of whom have graduated. Taken together with the fact that only between 2u and 2^ per cent, of those who enter the ordinary High Schools remain to graduate, the jireceding statement has especial significance. It indicates that tlie work is of absorbing interest, and therefore the pupils feel g-reat reluctance to leave. It is a striking fact that 97 per cent, of those whose names are enrolled are in regular attendance, 2 per cent, out of the remaining 3 per cent, being absent ou account of sickness. An analysis of the register shows that of the bo\'S who ha\'e been admittekl to the school 75 ]ier cent, are sons of business or professional men, 20 per cent, or artisans and 5 per cent, of laborers or widows. From thi> it appears that men engaged in intellectual jiursuits recognize the value of an education aimed at fitting a boy fur the practical duties cf life. The varied character of the work renders disci])line a matter which takes care of itself The manliness which a boy feels FOROE ROOM. in consequence of his ability to do something-, showing itself in no way so markedly as in this. An important feature in the practical execution of the course is the absence of a system of marking daily recitations. The pupil quickly realizes that he is working for himself, and the artificial stimulus of marks is found to be whollj'' uiniecessar\-. The favorable impression made by the school, resulted in so many applications for admission , that the accommodations of the original school were found to be wholly inadequate. To meet the iiicreased demand for this class of instruction a second Manual Training School was opened in iSyi. Others will surely follow. MAi^^ nrii.niNr,, gir.\rd coi.i.egr. Qirard and his College. A. H. Fettkrolf, LL.D., President. One of the most fortunate ships that ever sailed up the Delaware River, in far-reaching beneficence to the City of Philadelphia, was called tlie " L' Amiable Louise," Captain Stephen Girard, who was diverted from his course between Xew Orleans and New York in the month of May, 1776, through fear of capture by the war-ships of the British. This accidental call resulted in the adoption of Philadel- phia by the young French sailor as his home, where, thriving by reason of his superior commercial acumen and the favorable conditions of trade in his time, he endowed the home of his manhood with oue of the greatest and uoblest charities in the civilized world. Stephen Girard was bom in the City of Bordeaux, France, May 20, 1750, and was, therefore, but twenty-six j'eavs of age at the time of his arrival in this port. The young alien soon assumed citizen- ship, built ships, prospered, proved a patriot in periods of war and a hero in the awful days of the yellow fever scourge of 1793; was the financial right arm of the Government during the war of 18 14, and became the merchant prince of his day. Fate denied him the happiness of a wife and family in his latter years, and thus, at the time of his death, December 26, 18-51, at the age of eighty-one years, it was found that he had devised nearly his entire fortune of about $7,000,000, after making liberal provisions for other charities and public works, to the creation of a great educational home for poor white male orphans, preference being given to natives, first, of Philadelphia ; secondly, of the State of Pennsylvania ; thirdly, of New York City, and lastly of New Orleans. Minute conditions for the conduct of the great institution contemplated by the devisor were contained in his will. The expenditure of the money necessary to erect the buildings, together with the investment of the large sums remaining was vested in the city authorities, and now forms a distinct branch of the city trusts, in the hands of a series of committees of eminent citizens, under whose fostering care the value of the investments have not only remained unimpaired, but have largely increased. The vast business of this organization is conducted under the title of the Girard Estate. The grounds, formerly Stephen Girard's farm, devoted to Girard College are located in the Twentj'-ninth Ward, to the west of Ridge Aveinie, and have a frontage upon the south of quite half a mile at an acute angle with Girard Avenue and Poplar Street, which thoroughfares are thus, for a short distance, deflected from their general course. The area, which is enclosed with a heavy stone wall, embraces forty acres. Fourteen principal structures of different types of architecture now form the college group, those first built being of the Greek type. The main building is the finest example of this form in the United States. Within its walls are the tomb and statue of its founder. The artistic grouping of these buildings, set in the midst of flowery lawns and broad play-grounds presents a most pleasing picture. The cost of land and buildings to date has been $3,250,000. At the close of iSi)2 the college contained 1,559 pupils, 1 14 officers and teachers, and of other employes of all kinds, 268. The orphan pupils are not only instructed in common school branches and the manual arts, but are enrolled in a battalion of youthful soldiers having its own excellent band, drum corps and officers, which is the pride of the institution. When, at the age of eighteen years, the young beneficiary goes forth from these sheltering gates, he is prepared to meet the world well equipped in head and hand and with the bearing of a gentleman. Visitors are admitted to the institution upon presentation of a card from the office of the Girard Estate, which is located at Twelfth and Girard Streets, above Chestnut. Wagner Free Institute of Science. Bv T. L. Montgomery, Secret.vry. Professor William Wagner's efforts to promote an interest in scientific topics began in 1847, and con- tinued at liis residence at first, and later at the old Spring Garden Hall, until 1859, when Professor Wagner commenced the erection of the present Institute, at Seventeenth Street and Montgomery \venue. In May, 1865, the courses of free lectures commenced at this place, upon geology, mineralogy, chemistry, physics and engineering. After Professor Wagner's death in 1885, the scope of sttidies and lectures was increased, and the Instittite has recently been thoroughly renovated. The lecture room seats 640 people. The library contains 7,500 volumes. Space is given up to a branch of the Philadelphia Public Library, which has placed here 10,500 volumes. 500 volumes are loaned daily to the public, free Of charge. The Natural History Museum is one of the best in the country. It is open to the public on Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 2 to 5 o'clock. About 6,500 persons attended the courses of lectures of the past Wmter. The Faculty now consists of Dr. Henry Leffman, Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Professor S. T. Skidmore, Professor Robert Ellis Thompson and Professor Samuel Tobias Wagner. Professor William Wagner's gifts to the Institute amounted to about $500,000. 38 Forest City Brass Works CLEVELAND, OHIO. M.tniii;iclinei> of Ihe KENNEDY. . . STOP and WASTE and STOP COCKS Thoroughly tested at 200 pouiuis pressure and guaranteed to givr en tire satisfartioii. We make a F"" L'"* »* plumbers' Suppl'^s Compression Work Ground Key Work Write for Trices and Discoiiiits. CATALOGUE ON APPLI- CATION. WROUGHT STEEL SINKS "COLUMBUS" and "NEW ERA" These Sinks are drawn from a single sheet of Wrought Steel and arc superior to Cast Iron Sinks in everv particular, being lighter, stronger and more duralilc. Will not break from heat, cold, or any cause whatever. Are odorless, and h.ivc Inijirovcd Brass Cou])lings. I-'urnishcd cither Painted, Galvani/cil, or Grav, Bine or White En.inieled. Made in six different sizes Displacing Cast Iron Sinks wherever introduced Write for Catalogue and Prices to KILBOURNE ^ JACOBS IV|FC. (0. COLUMBUS, OHIO STREET 9^ KENT IV|FC. (0. Alanufacturers of PL-WTVYBERS" grass Q )ods J^ specialties FOR JOBBERS. log South Jeft'erson Street CHICAGO, ILL. Still LEADERS IN Service Boxes '^ Stopcocks Brass Goods Corporation Stops Service Cocks McNamara Hydrants street Wasliers SEMD FOR PRICE LIST HAYS MFG. CO. Successors to Jarecki, Hays & Co ERIE, PA. 39 The Spring Garden Institute. By Prof. \V. A. PortkR; Principal. SPRIXr. CARHKN INSTITI'TE, BROAD AND SPRINO GARDEN STRKKTS. Spring Oarden Institute carries on its work through two distinct chan- nels, directed towards an art and mechanical development. The pri- mar\' aim is to cultivate the indus- trial side of art education. The main body of the students is drawn from the class of young men and women already employed, but who desire to advance still further in their special line of work. The school is not a place for picture makers nor portrait painters. Its doors are open to welcome the future lithographer, engraver, designer, metal worker, electric light fitter, wood and stone carver. Nearly 800 pupils are in attendance. The system of instruction carries through a period of three years. The work relates first to form. Elementary drawing from tlie cast to secure good outline : light and shade are next considered ; finally color. During each term and at its close, certificates stating progression or testifying to profi- ciency are granted. Instruction js given individually, supplemented by lectures on geometry, perspec- tive, historic ornament, botanical analysis, design and color harmon3'. The Institute has been unusuallj^ progressive and efficient in the province of design. The success is largely due to the excellent ground work in drawing, w^hich forms the foundation of all the practice in this department. " Xo amount of so-called talent or inventive genius can make up for a lack of drafting skill, and all the pupils are, therefore, required to learn drawing before beginning the work of design." Color harmony is a subject essentiall}- valuable in this line of work. Everybody should look at color, but the designer must study it. The students are taught to turn to the best source of inspiration — nature herself. Vegetables, fruits, flowers and foliage are prominent studies to be drawn and painted before the pupils enter the designing class. The study of historic styles is, of course, a necessar}' part of this particular branch of training. The education of a designer demands an acquaintance with what has been done in art, a knowledge how nature has been adapted and conventionalized by different nations. The night .schools in drawing are carried on independently of the day classes. They have been arranged for the educati(jn of those employed during the day. The course is laid out with special reference to tlieir needs, and instruction is given in mechanical, architectural and free-hand drawing liy architects and draftsmen actually engaged at their profession during the day. The course in mechanical drawing embraces three years. The principles are taught from the round, and the subject considered in a Ax-ry practical way ; architectural drawing is outlined in the same manner for three years of study, the main purpose being to familiarize the pupils with drawings required in various trades, and eventually, if studious and correct in practice, to educate them to be capable draftsmen. Boys are also trained at night for lithographic work, and instruction is also given in modeling in clay. 40 \1NTINC. FROM THK MODIil.. The school also maintains day and evenintj chisses for teaching the jiroper handling of tools, vise and machinist tool work. Tlie shops being furnished with all necessary ai)pliances, such as turning lathes, planing machines, drill presses. Adjoining this department is one for wood working. The Institute being thoroughly ambitious of extending a helping hand to apprentices and others employed in shops and manufactories, the fees are fixed at amounts low enough to place the benefits of tuition within the reach of all, and at the same time to provide for a high grade of instruction. The sum of $^ enables a student to enter an\- of the evening classes, admits him to the lecture hall, and eutitles him to procure books from the library. The prizes awarded by the Institute are gold, silver and bronze medals and certificates. Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. Although not situated within the limits of the city, this richly endowed and most valuable institution is essentially a Philadelphia benificence, the gift of I. X. Williamson, recently deceased, a merchant of this community. The fine g:roup of school trade buildings and dormitories devoted to the work of the School are at a point near Media, in IJelaware County, Pa., a brief ride by rail over the P. \V. & B. Central Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The property includes 197 acres, and the improve- ments to date have cost $411,431.97. The site commands a grand rural outlook. The number of pupils is now about 170, and being selected with special reference to their aptitude, they have, in the brief course of the School's existence, made a most remarkable progress in general studies and the handicrafts which are here taught, and which include mechanical drawing, the building trades, pattern making, machinery, steam and electric engineering, etc. Pupils are instructed eight hours dailj', equally in the school rooms and the shops, five days of each week. All being resident at the institution throughout the term of their instruction, being domiciled in groups of twenty-four boys each. The first class has recently graduated, and rank as first-class mechanics, well equipped to care for them- selves and future dependents. The School is controlled and its funds administered by a Board of Mana- gers, of which Mr. Henry C. Townseiid is Chairman and Alfred Hembold, Jr., Secretary. The Presi- dent is Mr. John M. Shrigley, and Superintendent, Mr. Robert Crawford, with an efficient staff of instructors. 41 The Franklin Institute. By Dr. William H. Wahl, Skcrktary. The l''runklin Institute uf the State of Pennsylvania, located in riiiladelphia, was founded in the year 1S24, specihcally for the ])roniotion of the mechanic arts. The scope of its operations, how- ever, has been trreatlv extended within recent veais, and it mav 1 o - . . . ■ more jiroperly be terined an Association for the promotion of the arts and manufactures. The membersliip of the Institution is com- V J posed of manufacturers, mechanics, engineers, professional men, and others who are interested in science and the industrial arts. Its roll of membership emljraces about 2.000 names. The means ^ employed in the furtherance of the objects of the Institution are concisely stated as follows : LiBRARV. — At the present time the Library contains o\-er 4o,C)00 volumes, 25,000 pamphlets, 20,000 maps and cliarts, and over 1 ,000 photographs, classified and catalogued. It is exclusively scientific and technical in character and is steadily increasing in numbers and importance. It embraces, in addition to the standard and current works on mechanics, physics and chemistry, pure and applied, the publications (jf the principal scientific and technical societies of the world, files of about 400 home and foreign scientific and technical serials accessible to all members in good standing, and com- plete sets of the British (and colonial), French, German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Swiss and Ameri- can Patent Records, open for inspection by members at all hours, and by the public from 9 a. m. to 6 P. M. The extent and very complete condition of its serials make the library particularly \'aluablefor reference. The library is open daily, Sundays excepted, from •-) .\. m. to 10 i>. jM. (6 p. m. during June, July and August). L,ECTrRES. — Courses of lectures on subjects of a scientific and technical character are given each year. These lectures number about thirty, and are arranged under the direction of a Committee on Instruction, with the assistance of the professors of the Institute. The lectures are held on Monday and Friday e\'enings at 8 o'clock, beginning in Xo\-ember anil continuing regularl\- thereafter until the end of P"el)ruary. Members' tickets admit to the lectures, and members ha\'e the privilege of obtaining a limited number of admission tickets for friemls. The courses are varied each year, and, while popular and entertaiiung themes are not neglected, the greater number are selected with the view of presenting the latest advances in those branches of science and the arts germane to the objects of the Institute. Dr.awixg Schooi,. — A school of instruction in drawing embraces the mechanical, architectural and free-hand branches, has been maintained uninterruptedly since the foundation of the Institute. It is in charge of a director and several assistants, under the general direction of the Committee on Instruction, and at present is in a flourishing condition, Ijotli in respect of the means and methods of instruction and the number of the pupils. JorRNAL OF THK Fr.vxkux Ixstitutk. — The h'ranklin Institute began, in the year 1S26, the publication of a Journal de\"oted to science and the mechanic arts which has been continued uninter- ruptedly to the present day. It contains the record of the scientific and other useful work of the Institute, besides man_v valual:)le contributions relating to the growth of American industries and the pro- gress of science and the useful arts in general during the past half century. The complete file of the Journal embraces The Franklin Journal, 4 volumes, 1826-1S27 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute, second series, 26 volumes, 1S2S-1S40 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute, third series, 100 volumes, 1841 to the present, or i 34 \olumes in all. In its present form the Journal is an octavo of eighty pages. It is issued monthly. The six issues, January to June and July to December, each constitute a com- plete volume, with index and title page. The Journal is edited by a Committee on Publications, with the assistance ot the Secretary of the Institute. The complete index of the Journal is arranged by subject matter and authors, and covering the first 120 volumes (1826-1885) li^^s been published. Meetings. — The Institute meets on the third Wednesday of each month (except in July and August). At these meetings papers on important scientific and technical suljjects are read and discussed, new inventions are exhibited and descril)eil, and a report on current matters of interest in science and the useful arts is presented by the Secretary. Tlie meetings are held in the lecture room. The chair is taken at 8 o'clock, l-. .M. Members may introduce friends. X'isitors are e.xpected to leave their cards with the door keeper. CoMMiTTKK ON Scn:NCi-; .\Ni) Akts. — This Committee was original!)- the Committee on Inven- tions. It was formed in 18 -,4, and from that date to the close of 1886 was constituted of volunteer members. Since iS.s- the Committee has consisted of forty-five members chosen at the annual election, fifteen each year, who pledge themselves to investigate and report upon the merits of such in\entions as may be submitted to them for that purpose, and trescribed regulations. At the present time there is in existence a Chemical Section, with a membershij) numbering al)out eighty, and an Ivlectrical Section numbering about si.Kty- five members, both active organizations. The meetings of the Sections are held in the hall, and are open to all members of the Institute. PvXlllHlTlONS. — The first exhibition of .\merican manufacturers held in llie United States was held under the direction of the Franklin Institute, in the year 1824, at the old Carpenter's Hall, in Philadelphia. Since that historic event the Institute has held numerous exhibitions. Owing to the great expansion of the industries, the recent exhibitions of the Institute have been devoted to special subjects. The last e.xhibition (that of 1885) was the twenty-ninth exhibition held by the Institute. Oi-i-iCKKS. — The present officers of the P'ranklin Institute are : President, Joseph M. Wilson ; Vice-Presidents, Charles Bullock, William P. Tatham, Pxiward Longstreth ; Secretary, William II. Wahl ; Treasurer, Samuel Sartain ; Actuary, II. I,. Heyl ; Librarian, Alfred Rigling. In addition there is a Board of Managers numbering twenty-eight members. Bo.\Rn OF M.\.N.\GKRS. — Joseph M. Wilson, ln.l^ in Pliniibing Sup]3lies. W. C. TRAGESER, Prest. 447 to 453 W. Twenty-Sixth St.» New York City * Tl?^ Star Ij:ead pipe G^^iplers jf CONNECT CONNECT AN D LEAD TO LEAD LEAD TO IRON "NO BXJFIST" "NO LEAK" Write for New Descriptive Price List Catalogue just issued STHR COUPLER CO., boi wainwrignt Bido., ST. LDUis, mo., u. s. n. OR GEORGE M. CLARK & CO., Manufacturers of Jewel Gas and Gasoline Stoves, Chicago. JOHN HOEY, 141 Sumner St., Boston, Mass. OMAHA STOVE REPAIR CO., Omaha, Neb. PITTSBURGH SUPPLY CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. NORTHWESTERN HARDWARE CO., St. Paul. Minn. CHICAGO ENGINEER SUPPLY CO., Chicago E. DEDRICK, Jr., San Francisco., Cal. 44 The Y. M. C. A. By Thomas DeWitt Ccvler, President. The Young Men's Christian Association of Phila- delphia is one of the oldest in America, having been organized in 1853. The object is the physical, intellectual, social and spiritual improxcnient of young men living in the city or coming here to reside for any length of time. To accomplish these purposes it maintains buildings or suites of rooms in different parts of the city, which are open to young men, without distinction, day and evening. It has libraries, educational classes for clerks and mechanics, lecture courses, social and amusement rooms, gymnasiums and baths, with moral and religious addresses and meetings specially adapted to young men as a class. It also has recreation grounds at Belmont and Elm Avenues, near the Park, for use in the Summer season. The Asso- ciation is one corporation, with a general Board of Directors, and fourteen branches in different parts of the city. It owns six buildings and the remain- ing branches are in rented quarters. Its i)rincipal building is at P'ifteenth and Chestnut Streets, and is well known throughout the country. Some of the other buildings are small but attractive, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Department of the work has recently erected a building at the Fortieth Street Station, which, wath the land, will represent an investment of $6o,cxdo. This will be one of the two best buildings occupied by railroad men for this work in the world. The Association has branches in the University of Pennsylvania and various medical schools, which have comfortable rooms, has two railroad branches, one for German speaking young men and one for colored youths. Eight libraries, nine gymnasiums and one natatorium form apart of its material equipment. The Philadelphia Associa- tion is third in size and point of equipment in the world, being exceeded only by London and New York. The active management of the Association throughout the city is vested in a Board of Directors. The Germantown Y. M. C. A. is an independent body, owning a fine building upon Main Street. In its purpose and effort to provide for the wants of the young men of Philadelphia in their leisure time and to supply every help to them, not simply for their amusement, but for their improve- ment physically, intellectually and morally, the Asso- ciation puts its privileges within reach of young men of all classes at the cost of a very small fee. In order to do this and to make up the difference in the cost of these privileges, it must depend for support upon the citizens of Philadelphia. The Association P'RKNSYI.V.^NIA RATtROAD Y. M. C. A. BniLDIN'O. receives annually, for the general work and for its different branches, the money to maintain them. It also seeks sums by gift or bequest with which to erect other buildings, endow libraries, educational classes and other departments, and to provide for the future. Women's Christian Association. k: J6i , _ The splendid structure which is now the home of this organization in Philadelphia, opened in 1^93, is a monument to the initiring energy and zeal of many Christian women of our city. Tlie new building is broad, deep and high, but not more so than the humane spirit which shields its many inmates fr(jm want and harm, guiding them to a knowledge of the better things of life and proving this a city of sisterly as well r.s "brotherly love." The recently completetl building is located at Eighteenth and Arch Streets. The first floor is lil) # devoted to a library, free to all working women ; a free employment >ureau (except for domestics), and the Assembly Hall, in which free •oncerts, lectures, etc. are held weekly. Instruction rooms for — useful pursuits (with a nominal charge for tuition), the general office, parlors and committee r(3oms are also on this floor. The second floliia over 100 libraries, the most of wliich are open to the public, without charge; and the others are accessible to any one on very reasonable terms. Some of these libraries are of a special character, designed to meet the wants of some one class of readers and students, and the books cun be used only within the building. RIDGVVAV llR.INCn OI- TIIH I'lIIL.VDELPIU.V I.Ii^K.lkV. THK MERCANTILK I.IHRARV. Of the large libraries of a general character, whose books are allowed to be taken from the building, worthy of especial mention, there are two, The Library Company, of Philadelphia, and the Mercantile Library Com- pany. They each contain about i7o,ot varied and beautifid styles of decoration. Fine "Cauldon" China Toilet Sets, &c. Porcelain Drinking Fountains and I'rinals of all kinds.— MANUFACTrKBD by Brown, West- head, Moore & Co., at the Cklkwratko "Cauldon" China Works, Staffordshire. England. We ManQiaCllirO Ba^hWith'^Har^dwoJd or with Roll Runs. Sitz Baths, Foot Baths. &c. Needle, Shower and Spray Baths, and Bath l''ittinj(s of all kinds. De mares t's Syphon and Wash-out Water Closet Ranges, I.atrines, Wash-out I'rinal Ranges, Porcelain-lined Iron Water Closets, M;c. Public Trinals for Streets and Parks, Auto- matic Flushing Tanks. Grease Traps and Inter- ce])tors, Sectional Water Tanks, Soil Pipe and Fittings, Plain, Tar-coated and Porcelain- lined, &c. We Manulactnre r''T,';[°alt's?eJ', a^' Bronze Work : iiicliuiing F)ntrance Gates, Rail- ings, tirilles. &c.. and interior work of all kinds. Stable Fittings of new and most improved designs in Cast and Wrought Iron, Brass and Bronze ; Fountains, I>riuking Fountains, Acjua- riums, Vases, Settees, Statuary, Candelabra. Lamp Pillars, Electric Light Pillars, I„amps, Sec; Crestings, Finials and Weather Vanes. We Manufacture r,^^ "i:^Z''nS.?irr^l "star" and "Comet" Hot Air Heaters, "Social" Fireplace Heaters, "St. George," "Defiance" and " Lenox " Kitchen Ranges ; Stoves and Portable Ranges ; Mott's Portable Furnaces and Caldrons, Caldrons to set in brick ; Mott's Improved Steam Jacket Kettles, &c. WP TmUnrt '^^^ ^^^* makes of foreign Tiles; II u iul|IUll also carry a large line of special domestic Tiles for Bathroom and Fireplace decorations. We ManUldCtUre Hron^z^.WrougMIron^and Steel ; Fenders, Andirons, Fire Screens, Spark Guards, (ias Logs. &c. CATALOGUES OF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTHENTS ON APPLICATION 49 Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Bv Kmii.y Sartaix, Principal. Founded in 1S44, the "Philadel- phia School of Design for\\'onien " is the oldest and most complete School of Applied Art in the United States. Incorporated in iS5_;,it\vas iirst lunised on its own premises in iSdj;, at Broad and P'ilbert Streets, and on the absorption of that site into the Pennsylvania Railroad Station, the directors bought the I'orrest Mansion, at the southwest corner of Piroad and Master Streets. 'I'd the 100 feet of frontage on llroad Street was added a three- storied range of studir)s, running westward 200 ieet on Master Street, w ith a return southward of 90 feet ini Carlisle Street in the rear, enchising three sides ot a large grass)- (jnadrangle. A large collection of casts from the antique, and Irom the sculpture of the Italian renaissance, and a library add to the efficiency of the instruction The initial work of the school in teaching designing for carpets, curtains, wall-paper, oil-cloth, prints, etc., has lieen supplemented by classes in other branches of Applied Art to meet the business demands of the day. For many years wood-engraving was taught in this school and in no other, and now etching, illustration, pen-drawing for photo-engraving and china decoration, are taught by artists, each distinguished in his or her special branch. The Normal Art Cmirse gi\-es opportunity for thorough artistic training in drawing, modeling, painting and theoric design for the specialists in the Industrial Arts, as well as graduating thoroughly equipped teachers of art after their four vears of studv. In Massachusetts this work is considered so important that the State supports a Normal Art School as part of its public school system of Boston. The low charge for tuition, averaging $so per year, jilaces the instruction within the reach of all, while forty free schohn- ships are competed for among th.e pupils of the public schools of Phila- delpiiia. The practical quality of tl-., instruction and its business value a'e evidenced by tlie large sales of designs each year to manufacturing firms, in- creasing the demand for our students to fill positions as textile and print designers, as decorators, art teachers, enamellers, etc. The American Philosophical Society. By Julius K. S.vchsk. tl-ff ''t'fe ORir.IXAI, Al'FKAKANCK romotion of useful knowledge. The present building was conunenced in 17S5, but was not entirely fuiislK-d luitil the year 1791. It is an interesting fact that the building contained the I'niversily of Pennsylvania for five years, from 17H9 to 1794. Many interesting memories cluster around tliis old colonial structure, memories of Franklin, Washington, Jefferson, Rittenhouse, Bishop While, Re\-. Nicholas Colin, and many otliers who are closely identified with our early liistory and scientific development. It may be an interesting item to visitors that during the last fi\'e years of the eighteenth century the second story northwest room served Charles W. Peale as a .♦.tudio, and in that room, before the old fireplace still to be seen, the jiatriot artist painted Washington, Jefferson, and many other celebrities of the time. A few years ago an additional stor\- was put on the building, and the structure made fire-proof throughout. The additional room now contains the valuable library of the Society, the second floor being used ex- clusively for meeting purposes. The Ameri- can Philosophical Society has always been a strictly American institution, representing Philadelphia of days gone by, and as such is well worthy of a visit from the intelligent stranger, be they from at home or abroad. INTERIOR PHILOSOPHICAI. SOCIETY S BUILDING. The Work of the Trades League of Philadelphia. By Thomas Martindale. ' ^v. ^i ' *^ The "Trades League" was ushered into existence at a public meeting, held in Common Council Chamber, March 24, 1 89 1, to adopt such measures as would best serve to secure a concession to the traveling pul)lic, by which a passenger being carried on a through ticket from tlie West to New York City, might have the right to "stop off" at Philadelphia without extra fare being demanded. The meeting was addressed by Thomas Martindale and Colonel Thomas G. Hood, in favor of organization, and by others in opposition. It was there and then decided to organize what has since become the most aggressive, alert and energetic commercial association of business men on the continent — The Trades League of Philadelphia. W. W. Foulkrod was elected President, and afterwards an able Board of Managers, numbering forty of the leading business men of all branches of trade or manufactures was chosen. The Trades League then is, in point of age, but a " puny infant, " a " four-year-old, ' ' but in the four years of its existence it has revivified and quickened into renewed life and energy every other business organization in the city." It has, with entire unselfishness, worked for the best interests of the City of Philadelphia as a city ; of its business men, without regard to trade, class or calling and of its commerce. It has held up the hands of the city authorities, and sustained them in carrying out needed reforms ; it has protested against legislation deemed inimical to the welfare of the city or its Imsiness interests ; it has, above all, been active in placing and in keeping Philadelphia to the front in e\-ery good thing, and in having the city advertised magnificently, both at home (in the full extent of our grand Continent) and abroad. Through its influence, and under its management, the newspapers of our city (the very best advertisement a city can have) are sent free every working day of the year to every large hotel in every city of over 10,000 inhabitants (where the Philadelphia newspapers are not sold) in the United States, and also two newspapers — a morning and evening paper — are sent to every large hotel in the principal cities of Great Britain and Ireland, and the continent of Europe, where they may be found on file to instruct and interest strangers, as well as our own people ji.mrneying in " strange lands." Thk Book of PniL.\nELPHi.v, which has passed through a .second edition, is an unique and artistic means of placing the advantages of Philadelphia before the traveler, the clubman, the scholar and student, the business man, the clergyman, the public oihcials of other cities, towns and villages. It is presumably the finest work of its kind that has ever been issued to advertise a city, and shows as much as anything can show, the broad-gauge spirit that actuates the Board of Managers in their work. When the World's Fair at Chicago was inaugurated, the Press Conmiittee of the League issued and distributed to the thousands of travelers who passed through our city, a dainty pamphlet, entitled " The Stranger in Town," which gave in brief, boiled-down facts, valuable information to the " stranger in town " of our city's institutions, and claims to pre-eminence. At the request of the League the City Cormcils appropriated funds for a census of the city, which was taken under the direction of his honor, the Mayor, in November, 1892, with the co-operation and assistance of the League, showing a population of 1,142,653 inhabitants. 52 The long sought for concepsion of " stopping off" on through East bound tickets was obtained through the efforts of the Passenger Committee of the League, aided by the powerful influence of Mr. Frank Thompson, first Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and Mr. Charles K. Lord, Vice- President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in November, 1891, and the great number of passengers who have availed themselves of this privilege, justifies the belief that this has been the means of bringing an enormous amount of new trade to the city. The establishment of a freight bureau, under the management of a competent and experienced railroad man, Mr. Chas. P. Hatch, was next inaugurated. This Department has been eflicient in collecting claims for lost freight, in quickening the transit of fireight from the city to distant points, and in looking after all things that tend to protect and subserve the shippers' interest. The problem of securing a new " mint " site for the citj', the cost of which should be within the amount appropriated by the Government, and the location for which, should be acceptable to the Government, and conveni- ently situated for the service demanded of it, was undertaken by the I^eague when the project seemed hopeless of fulfilment, but after earnest, continued and patient effort, a site was selected which the Government accepted. Within a short time a " Bureau of Illustration" has been created at the offices of the Trades League and placed in charge of Mr. Frank H. Taylor, a well-known illustrator and writer, the object of which is to encourage the use of local illustrations l)oth in this city and elsewhere for the further adver- tisement of Philadelphia. Through the Telephone Committee a successful stand has been made for over two years against the city granting any more franchises to the Bell Telephone Company, without a radical concession in rates, which at present are deemed exhorbitaut and unjust. For the future the League will give its encouragement to the building of a ship canal between the Raritan Bay and the Delaware, to the deepening of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, to the greater utilization of existing canals as freight carriers, to the improvement and cheapening of telephone and electric service, to the better paving of streets, to the entrance to the city of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and other railroads, to the cheapening of coal tonnage, to the encouragement of steamship service between this and other ports, the improvement of our harbor and river channels ; in short it will endeavor to do that which in its judgment will inure to the best interests of the many, which as individuals alone none could accomplish, and which can only be accom- plished by the aggressive, weighty force of combined numbeis, working for a common end with unsel- fish devotion to a common cause. We have here then in the Trades League, an upbuilding power for good results of rare utility. The city which was founded by the gentle Penn by commercial treaty with the Indian owners, who said : " We lay a foundation for after ages to understand their liberty, * * * for we put the power in the people." The city which first, through its great citizen, Franklin, made known to an incredulous world the mysterious power of electricity, now so potent (and which is destined in the future to work greater wonders than man has yet dreamed of), the city which had the first academy in America, the first college and hospital, the first public librar}-, first Arctic expedition, the first bank, the first insurance company, the first daily paper. The city whose bell in Independence Hall proclaimed " liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof," is the city alone of all others which could give birth and sustaining influence to such an organization as the Trades League. In September next the Trades League, which now numbers over 2000 concerns, will occupy roomy offices upon the second floor of the new Bourse Building. 53 i he J . 13. I ohnson Co. lUf anufacturers and -«^r— Jobbers in I LUMBERS' SUPPLIES |e would invite an inspection of our "ew Show Room 141-43 North 7th Street, Phila. p. C. DeSAUQUE. President CHRISTIAN KLEIN, The.suheh KET5T0NE Lead Work5 Manufacturers of Lead Pipe, Sbeef Lead, Bar Lead, - - ^ B lock TiD Pi pe, Etc. = = - '^^ ..y Wedge Lead, Pig Lead, = = = W = = = Pig and Bar Tin, Solder 915 ARCH STREET" ■ PHILADELPHIA 55 The Philadelphia Bourse. The splendid building of the Philadelphia Bourse is at the present time nearly completed, and will be readj' for the occupancy of its numerous tenants early in September. Mr. George E. Bartol, the president of the organization engaged in this great work, and who originated the idea, after a study of similar institutions in European cities, has found among the business men of the city ample support for the enterprise. The location, extending^ between Fourth and Fifth Streets, above Chestnut, is a central point, and was acquired at an outlay of #625,000. The Bourse building is a splendid structure of steel frame, fire-proot construction, 350 feet in length by 132 feet in width, and probably ten stories in height : its cost is estimated to be about §1,400,000. The great hall of the Bourse is itpon the ground floor, measures 250 feet in length by 125 feet in width, with a height in the centre of over fifty feet. It is admirably adapted as a meeting place for a large body of men. On the ground floor there are four handsome banking-rooms, together with telegraph offices, and minor offices necessary for the proper handling of business and the comfort of members. The market reports of the world will be foiuid there, and every facility for obtaining information will be afforded. The galleries upon either side of this hall will be utilized as news rooms and reading rooms ; and it is probable that a large room upon the gallery floor will be used as a comfortable lounging room for the members. This will be a particularly attractive feature to members not residents of the city, as it will in effect make it a vast club-house, in which they will find physical comforts and business advantages. The upper floors, with the exception of the top floor, will be used for office purposes, and will contain between 300 and 400 offices. The arrangement is such, however, that offices can be made larger or smaller, as the partitions will be practically remo\able at pleasure. The basement will contain a restaurant of moderate size, together with several minor features, such as a barber shop with bathing facilities, intended to contribute to the usefulness of the building, and, in addition, a large room about 130 feet square, for the exhibition of machinery, which, at the option of the exhibitor, can be shown still or in motion. The entire top floor will also be utilized for exhibition purposes for objects of a lighter character : and it is believed that these two departments will supply a want which has been seriously felt. The number of articles which can be exhibited advan- tageously b}^ the persons who manufactured them is almost without limit, and the managers of the enterprise are confident that when this feature is thoroughly understood, the applications for space will far exceed the supply. Without attempting to interfere in strictly trade matters, which will be watched over as hereto- fore by existing trade organizations or by sections of the main body connected with special trades represented, the board chosen by the members to deal with large questions will confine its attention to those matters which are of vital importance to all the business interests of the city, and Philadelphia is to be congratulated that at last an organization exists in her midst which will be of a magnitude commensurate with her importance and capable of commanding, both at home and abroad, the respect which is naturally accorded to an association of vast proportions dealing intelligently and in a dignified manner with subjects of great importance. The Bourse has been fortunate in securing the active support in its Board of Directors of men who command both the respect and confidence of the whole community. Their names will be honored by future generations as those of men who, loving their city, gave of their time and means with generous measure, to advance its prosperit}'. 56 The Municipal League of Philadelphia. By George Burnham, Jr., President. The Municipal League is an outgrowth of that spirit of reform in municipal gov v^^ eminent which has been stirring in Philadelphia, as in other Americai ^-^^j/^^ cities, for some years, and which seems at last to be crystallizing unto definite form. Two salient facts in regard to the government of this, as of most other American cities, are now admitted by all, except, perhaps, those who profit by misrule. Every one sees that our municipal government is, generally speaking, antiquated and clumsy in method, unduly expensive for the ends attained, and too often tainted with corrujHion. In a word, we have not brought civic government into line with our other achievements in this nineteenth century. Of what avail is it that we boast of our great railway systems, our manufacturing industries, our newspaper enterprises, our noble charities, if the cities in which all these things centre remain atrociously misgoverned ? That we :'" are misgoverned is the first undisputed fact ; that this is entirely due to the supincness and neglect of the citizens themselves, as distinguished from the professional politician and place hunter, is the other equally indisputable fact. The rightful king has abdicated in favor of the clown, and should not now complain if the clown wields the sceptre foolishly or tyrannously. While these two features of the situation are patent to all, there is not so much unanimity as to the remedy. The reform movement, however, has shown in its history a natural evolution in which tentative ideas and methods have been replaced by others sounder and more effective. In the earlier stages a great popular uphea\al was the approved method, but it was soon discovered, even in the rare instances where this was successful, that the dethroned bosses speedily returned to power, because apathy and neglect quickly stole over the voters who had been onl\' temporarily aroused and left unorganized. The next step aimed at more thorough and permanent organization, but also included a strong tendency towards centralization. This was the era of the permanent committee. Great strides were made during this period, as the committees were composed of earnest men, prominent in the com- munity. After a time, however, such committees lost their influence, as was naturally to be expected. Being self constituted, and, therefore, responsible only to themselves, they were out of harmony with the spirit of American political institutions, and gradually lost their following. While the so called rings and combines among the politicians are in reality also self-constituted committees, they are careful to preser\-e the form of representative bodies, and are duly "elected " by " delegates " in whose selection the party voter is supposed to have a voice. Without this sham adherence to the representative prin- ciple, so dear to the American heart, albeit it is a pretence that deceives no one : such combines and rings could not maintain themselves one hour. The Municipal League represents the third, though, possibly, by no means the last, step in this forward progress of the reform idea. It recognizes that better civic government can neither be instituted nor maintained unless the citizens generally are first shown that their political duties must receive a proper share of their time, attention and means ; and, secondly, that they then organize themselves in an intelligent manner for this purpose. It believes that the citizens are to be trusted, not distrusted, and that if they are shown the way to keep bossism under foot they will do so. To accomplish this great work, it has adopted a comprehensive scheme of Ward and Di\ision organization, thoroughly demo- cratic and representative in character, but carefully guarded as to the maintenance of its political principles, which is already in operation in several wards, and has conducted successful campaigns for ■members of councils. Hand in hand with this practical organization, the League has carried on the educational work provided for in its constitution, and has issued circulars and tracts exposing the evils of niisgovernment in our city, and indicating the remedy. The Declaration of Principles adopted by the League provides : 1. The absolute separation of municipal from national and state politics. 2. Demand for city government on business principles. Improved system of taxation, street paving, lighting, water supply, transit, etc. 3. Pledge to nominate or endorse only candidates believed to be honest and capable, and iu sympatliy with the declared principles of the League. 4. Civil service reform rigorously applied to city departments. 5. Investigation of municipal government and publication of results. The officers of the League are: George Burnham, Jr., President; Charles Richardson, I'iee- Prrsident : Thomas B. Prichett, Keeordiug Seerctary : Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Corresf^cDidiiig Sceyelarv and 7'ifasiirer : Finley Acker, Herbert Welsh, Stuart Wood, William Draper Lewis, Henry Gavvthrop, Dr. John B. Roberts, Rev. William I. Nichols, John P. Croasdale, Alfred R. Justice, Theodore Wern- wag, El)ed S. Cook, B. P'raiik Clapp, William H. Haines, Thomas Martindale, George E. Mapes, Dr. S. D. McConnell, George Gluyas Mercer, Hector Mcintosh, Rev. Joseph May, H. Gordon McCouch, Frank P. Prichard, Prof. Edmund J. James, D. Webster Dougherty, E. Clinton Rhoads, R. Francis Wood. Cniige I). Ritchie, Lincoln L. Eyre, J. S. Sterrett, Harry Swain, Board of Managers. The Philadelphia Board of Trade. Bv Frederick Fralev, Esq., President. This organization of active business men was incorporated in the year 1838, although first organized some five years before, and has, through many channels of influence and efforts been a leading factor in the progress of the material interests of the City of Philadelphia to the present ;. time. The writer is the only surviving member of tlie original list at tlie time of incorporation. Similar Boards of Trade now e.xist in nearly every city of importance in the country. These tcjgether form the National Board of Trade, in which the Philadelphia organization is an influ- These associations are of a mixed character. In a general way man\' devote themselves to deliberation and consideration of the great questions of the day, either in open session or by committees, and they develop their work in resolutions appropriate to the objects examined, or in petitions to legislative bodies tliat control the management and work of the community at large. There are others, partially deliberative and jiartially devoted to dealing, and these constitute a very large proportion of those tliat now exist in the United States. Their dealings are enormous. They trade with keen and actix'e men ; day by day, indeed hour l)y hour, they work, and the record of what they accomplish is presented to the country in the reports which they annually make to their respective Ijodies, ar.d which they freely circulate among the institutions cognate to their own. Mr. Thomas P. Cope was the first President of tlie Philadelphia Board of Trade, and the chair was occupied in turn by Mr. Thomas P. Hoopes, Mr. Samuel C. Morton, Mr. John Welsh, all broad minded and progressive citizens well-known in all public movements of their times. The Board of Trade now (occupies agreeable quarters in the Drexel Building, and demonstrates by its activity in the many lines of public advance that its vitality as a body is still unimpaired. The officers for the present j-ear are as follows: President, Frederick Fraley ; First Vice-President, T. Morris Perot; Second Vice- President, Thomas L. Gillespie; Third Vice-President, John H. Michener ; Fourth Vice-President, N. Parker Shortridge ; Secretary, William R. Tucker; Treasurer, Richard Wood- t nti \\ iiiL-niber. The Lehner, Johnson, Hoyer Manufg Co. MANUFACTLRER3 OP plumbers' Brass Goods DEALERS IN Plumbers' Supplies JOHNSONS PA n;M hoppi:r cock 68=74 W. Monroe St. Chicago, III. Cor. Detroit St. and Mueller Ave. CLEVELAND, OHIO I F. E.CUDELL WHite pietal Ms for PiimiMs SEND FOR CATALOGUED- BATH 57 AND 59 Frankfort St. Cleveland, Ohio BRASS GOODS... ^ Of every Description Malleable and Cast Iron Fittings Soil Pipe and Fittings Pipe Cut to Specifications ^?^ Enameled Iron BATH TUBS ns] Steel Clad Tubs Steel and Cast Iron Sinks Lavatories Sanitary Specialties Syphon Jet Closets 59 The Commercial Exchange. By Lincoln K. Passmore, President. The Commercial Kxcliange, of Philadelphia, was organized about forty years ago under the title of ' ' The Corn Exchange Asso- ciation," witli Cieneral William B. Thomas as the first President. The general object of the Association was the adx'ancement of trade and the improvement of the facilities for the transaction of business, including the provision and maintenance of suitable accommodations for a general business exchange in the City of Philadelphia ; the inculcation of just and equitable principles in trade ; the establishment of uniformity in commercial usages ; the acquirement, dissemination and preservation of valuable, information : and the adjustment of controversies between its members by arbitration. The present membership approximates 500, comprising a large proportion of the names most prominently connected with the business interests of the city ; those actively engaged in handling grain, flour, provisions and general produce, both for dome.stic and export use, being more largely represented, whilst the leading coqiorations and banking institutions are to l)e found included in the number. Under Act of Assembly, approved January 22, 1,863, the Corn Ivxchange Association was created a corporate body, and four years later, bv application to the Judges of the Court of Quarter vSessions, the original title was changed to the existing more general one, with a view of meeting the widened sphere of the Association's influence and usefulness. About this period the members of the E^xchange entered upon the occuixuicy of their present commodious ([uarters at 133 South Second Street. The building is a substantial structure, designed from a useful rather than a showy standpoint. The lower floors consist of a number of well-a|)pointed offices, whilst the entire area of the spacious upper chamber, about 100 feet square, well lighted on all sides, and capable of accommodating 4,000 to 5,000 people in mass meeting, is devoted to the purposes of exchange business, the official hours being from 10.30 A. M. until 2.30 p. M. On the " ffoor " are to be found general cable and telegraph offices, well-equipped and having direct wires not only to all the principal American markets, with which special facilities exist for obtaining quotations, etc., but also with the foreign business centres of the world, and the monetary market changes are immediately recorded on huge blackboards provided for the purpose. The telephone service is taken ad\-antage of Ijy nearh- all the offices, several being fitted up with the "long-distance," and direct oral communication is thus estalilished with New York, Baltimore, and even far-distant Chicago. Visitors are admitted at convenient hours, without formalities, on application to the proper officers. The site of the present home of the Commercial Exchange possesses a certain historical interest, for it was there that formerly stood the residence of William Penn, which was remo\-ed for the erection of the present building; and it was, perhaps, l)Ut fitting that, since the unsparing hand of time demanded the removal of that venerated structure, its place should l)e taken by the premises of an organi/.ation whose aims and principles, and thesuccess that hasattended their propagation, would have filled the heart of the founder of the city with the greatest satisfaction. Could onl\- the iniinortal Penn rexisit tlie scene of his former peaceful abode and witness the daily course of business as transacted under its present roof, it is to be doubted whether even he, man of marvellous foresight as he unquestionably was, and possessed of the most sanguine lieliefs in the possibilities of the future, would not be filled with awe and wonder at the sight of one of the results of the work which his own prodigious energy instituted. Without disparagement to the many sister institutions in the city, it may fairly be asserted that the Commercial Exchange has for many years past, been recognized as the leading commercial body of 60 Philadelphia, and has played a most important part in all her business enterprises. Whilst naturall)- more immediately concerned with the furtherance and development of the trade and commerce of •ihe port, it has not been unmindful of what it owed to the community at large, and has always been found giving the aid of its influence to all movements which aimed at improvements and conveniences in the interest of the general body of our citizens ; and its charitable hand has been g;enerously extended whenever sister cities or communities have suffered from calamity of fire, flood or famine. Among the more important matters that have recently engaged or are occupying the attention of its Board of Direction maybe cited the establishment of the Belt Line Railroad : negotiations willi the transportation companies feeding the city, with the object of securing equitable conditions for comjietilion with other cities ; the impro\-ement of the general transit facilities of Philadelphia ; the establishment of National Ouarantine, and the improvement of the Delaware River and Harl)or. It may be added in conclusion that the Presidential chair of the Exchange has been filled by many of our leading citizens, and is at present occupied by Mr. Lincoln K. Passmore, who was re-elected from 1892, with Mr. A. C. Kerr as \'ice- President and Mr. Iv ('.. Tliomas as Treasurer. Colonel C. Ross Smith has for many years filled the important ])osilion of Secretarv. A nEt.\W.\RK RIVKR ril.OT BOAT. < Z Z o z O > LU < I CO d LU o CO - I « S s " . a o E Q Z < X Ideal Adjustable Offset HAVE YOU SEEN IT? Ask your Jobber for IDEAL cataloi^ue, giving full description of it, also a full and complete line (jf Sanitary Specialties. TANKS complete with Valves for -cvo?kiiii; all closets. Seats, Radiator Valves, Hlbows, BraeUets and Brass Goods. .-A ' SEATS Sold by all Jobbers throughout the United States and Canada ZERO VALVE CO. Warehouse, 212 Seneca St. Office, 304 Seneca St. BUFFALO, N. Y. EZiZSS Maiuifacluicrs of Zero Anti-frcc/.in;;" \alve, Zero S. & \V. Cock. Vollmcr Anti-frccziiif; Valve, \'ollmcr Svviiii; Closet Seal and the H. 1). \V. \ciit Caps. Semi for Catali).i;ues. ,(4 for all Purposes f nCATlMQbYnOlVAIM AND 5T[An And^upplyin^nomalerK BE5TINU5E - Alt iTECL STROriCjLY RIVETED Al^O CALKED NOCA5T-IROH3ECTION5 PACKINCiORBOLT'iTO CRACK AND LEAK SWilksManfcCo .<2{G) \- N i Bouion, p,^. ©ftll) 5outh (Linton 5T tElSedgwicK '***^ x (hicagc 62 lii.D mi-;kcii.\n I s' KM iMNi.i N.iW (iiiici'^ Ml rill-; iiariti.mk kxcuanoi;. The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange. This Kxchange was founded in March, 1S75, by husiness men specially interested in the niariliine commerce of the port. It was felt that in these modern days of telegraph, cables and rapid ocean transit Philadelphia must make an effort if she would keep pace with the times, and maintain her position as a great shipping port. The object of the Exchange, as stated in her charter, is "to provide and regulate a suitable room or rooms for a Maritime Kxchange, to acquire, preserve and disseminate all maritime and other business infor- mation, andtodo such other and lawful acts as will tend to promote and encourage the trade and commerce of the port of Philadelphia." The most pressing need was to acquire maritime information, luore particularly as to the movements of vessels entering and leaving the Delaware Bay and River. For this purpose reporting stations were established and are maintained by the Exchange on Delaware Break- water, at New Castle, Del., Reedy Island and Marcus Hook. The station on Delaware Breakwater is probably the best and most thoroughl}' equipped on the coast. Readers interested in the subject of marine commerce will find the Annual Report of the Maritime Exchange and its comprehensive illustrated Handbook of the Lower Delaware very useful. At present Mr. Geo. E. liarnshaw is President. Mr. E. R. Sharwoodis Secretary. The latter gentleman has occupied this position since the formation of the organization. 63 Building Interests. AN UP-TOWN DOORWAY. By Franklin M. Harris. Builder. For nearly a decade, Philadelphia has been -witnessing build- ing operations in her midst, averaging in round numbers 9,000 a year at an average cost of more than $23,000,000. I^ess than one in six of these operations were alterations or enlargements. A vast amount of public, charitable, scientific, commer- cial and railroad and steamboat work has been done. But the great bulk of all the work has gone in the direction of work- shops, mills, factories, foundries, warehouses and stores, and then into homes for the people ; of the latter alone, it is roughly estimated, there are, in this year 1892, nearly 200,000 two, three and four stories high^ occupied separately by single families. The approximate total of all buildings in the city is 250,000, against a total of about 130,000 in New York where the number of resi- dent owners is estimated at onh- 13,000. These figures may be better understood when it is explained that New York, which has a population of nearly 2,000,000, has less than half the area of Philadelphia which has a popu- lation of considerably more than 1,000, coo. Its wide boundaries have had much to do with Philadelphia's development as a " City of Homes," and the settlement here of multifarious industries in some of which, as in the carpet trade, she leads the manufacturing world, has inspired her builders to greater achievements as much in the matter of mill and office construction as in the building of homes. The antiquated structures of the illustrious old residents liave been rapidl\- disappearing from the business thoroughfares; country seats have given ... ^ ,-- way to rows of cosy houses and high and costly piles of brick, and iron, and granite and marble have been introduced in the finest and most imposing styles of modern architecture. Not dwellings and manufac- turies only, but hospitals, churches and club houses have been making their appearance in great profusion, and in such beauty and symmetry of proportion as to win the encomiums of visitors from every country. In 1892 there were 10,235 operations costing exclusive of land, $34,357,646, of which 6,856 were dwellings costing $16,865,200. When one pauses to consider that Philadelphia has over 1,150 miles of streets of which probably 800 miles are paved ; that she has about 400 miles of sewers, and over 26,000 gas lamps in addition to electric lights, with numer- ous public squares and parks, an additional reason for extensive building presents itself. There has been no retrogression in this phase of Philadelphia's development, the march of pro- A WEST PHILADELPHIA STAIRWAY. I'HU.ADHI.PHIA. gress lias been steady in the quantity of work done, as well as in the methods of construction employed, and public and private enterprise, the former sometimes hampered by a low tax-rate, have gone hand in hand to the metes and bounds of the city's great area. Credit is due to capitalists, business men and philanthropists for this expansion of building and building ideas, but the city itself is not to be omitted from the roll of those to whom the praise should be given. She has set many an example in architectural finish and structural durability that might be followed with profit in other cities. Her spirit of progress! veness has manifested itself in the construction of a City Hall, which up to the present time lias cost $15,000,000 and which, when finished, will be without its equal in the I'nited States. Her spirit is also shown in the standard of excellence maintained for her 225 school houses, her 60 or more police and fire houses, and in her gas houses and water works. She has endeavored to keep up with the enterprise of her citizens ; she has encouraged the right kind of Iniilding ; she has witnessed the disappearance of old and dilapidated structures ; she has prohibited the construction of frame or other dangerous or inflammable buildings, and in all that pertains to domestic and public convenience, in homes or in business places, Philadelphia is keep- ing abreast of the times. The comfort and beauty of Philadelphia dwellings are exceeded only by the size and style of its many bu.siness blocks. Philadelphia architects, like Philadelphia lawyers, have standing in every community ; many liuildings in Philadelphia have made the designers world famous. In the matter of homes Philadelphia leads all cities in the land. The home of seven rooms, that may be rented for $15.00 a mouth contains everj- necessary convenience found in mansions costing fortunes. Over 121,000 citizens own land. For example : A plot of grass in front and a bit of clay in the rear of his two story brick house gives play room to the workingman's children ; the cemented cellar keeps its contents pure and dry ; the cosy bath room insures cleanliness and health ; the numerous closets, the .stationary stands, sinks, book-cases and wardrobes help furnish the house, and the little range in the kitchen completes the home that even the most lowly Philadelphian may reasonably hope to own. The following statistics, covering a period of ten 5'ears, give conclusive proof of the activity of Philadelphia's builders and justifies Philadelphia's claim for the first place in the American building world. NUMBER or NEW BOILDIXGS ERECTED. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 .1889 1890 I89I 1892 4.390 4.938 6,326 7.561 6,784 8,262 10,250 10,136 6,738 7,61 I ESTIMATED COST. $10,004,719 11,217,614 13.929.274 16,821,516 23,787,320 27,790,816 31.276,739 33.830.046 24,115,870 29,109,646 ALTERATIONS TO OLD BUILDINGS. 1,566 1,524 1.638 1.639 1.309 1. 47 1 1,646 1,811 2,297 2,624 ESTIMATED COST. $721,512 513.827 964,728 827.445 528,100 574.638 924,916 1,224,317 3,445,500 5,248,000 65 Eureka GisteFD Valve f\' mm^ Tatented .\ugust 7, 1R94 A valve that will work under all conditions. Positive in action. Ahsoluteh' noiseless. Call and see it in opera- tion in i;lass cistern at nur show rooms and convince yourself of its merits. # Porcelain and Porcelain-lined Bath Tubs witti Eureka Fittings. Nickel-Plated Showers and Needle Baths of every description. Open Fancy Marble Lavatories with Eureka Fittings. The Nile Syphon Closet, Oval and Square Top. "I.uxus" and "Pennsy" Washout and Eureka Washdown Closets with Eureka Cabinet- Finish Seats and Lids attached. Cabinet-Finish Eureka Cisterns of various designs. All Porcelain and Porcelain-Lined Kitchen Sinks and Laundry Tubs. We manufacture our own Specialties, and carry a full line of Plumbers' Supplies. WE SELL TO THE TRADE ONLY- NEWELL = BOOTH CO., Ltd Brass Founders cind Finishers fi:^ Manufacturers of Plumbers' Supplies 447, 449 and 451 North Broad Street Philadelphia We Sell Direct to PlumDlng supply Houses Only ^4 . #" A^itreous o unaware Keystone Pottery Co. TRENTON., N. J. .1. H. LYONS J. A. UMPLEBV .1. BRIAN All Ware Stamped with Keystone and Marked Vitrified NONE GENUINE WITHOUT OUR ST.'^MP \\"c ,nc funiishini; llic following rhinihini; Sui)iilv Houses :iii(l I'atcnlccs of SANITARY SPECIALTIES in the UNITED STATES uitli our VITREOUS CHINAWARE: DALTON-INGERSOLL CO., Boston, Mass. McCAMBRIDGE & CO., Ltd., Philadelphia, Pa. W. S. COOPER BRASS WORKS, Philadelphia, Pa. FRED ADEE & CO., New York, N. Y. SMITH & WINCHESTER CO.. Boston, Mass. THOS. GIBSOW CO , Cincinnati, Ohio JOHN DOUGLAS CO, Cincinnati, Ohio. E. W. FISHER CO., Cleveland, Ohio. DAYTON SUPPLY CO., Dayton. Ohio. STANDARD MFG. CO., Pittsburg, Pa. WALLACE PLUMBING SUPPLY AND SPEC- IALTY CO., Philadelphia, Pa. PECK BROS. CO., New York, N. Y., and New Haven, Conn. AND MANY OTHERB PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO SANITARY SPECIALTIES Send for Catalogue and Prices 66 Real Estate Holdings and Valuations. Bv John N. Gallagher, Puhlishkr, Real Estate Reford. Any iiuUistrioiis and frugal wovkiiitjmaii livinp; in Pliiladelpliia may become a house owner if he desires, altliough to the outsider, who luider- stands few, if any, of our many advantages, this statement will setin iar fetched. Philadelphia was certainly intended ti>- nature fur the threat, thrifty manufacturing city it is. Controlled by no special influence, unless by its pro.ximily to the anthracite coal fields, there are centered here the, largest as well as the most varied assortment of matuifacturing industries to be found in an\- city in the world. That such a \-ariety of shojis and fimndries, mills and factories should be associated with the idea of a rough and turbulent population is not strange. Indeed, the experience of most cities justifies such conclusions : but here the contrary is the fact, owing to the wide distribution of real estate holdings among the working ])eople: the influence from this condition of things being as distinctly marked among them as among the rich or higher classes anywhere. With an area of one hundred and twenty-nine and a half scjuare miles, or about three thousand six hundred and ten S([uare feet of land to each inhabitant, it affords each ])ersi)n a liberty- of movement as well as a standard of hygienic advantages obtainable in few large cities. The cheapness of land in the resident districts lias jiromoted a system of dwellings jiarticularly well adapted to the uses of the workers, who nuiinly make up the ;)opulation. The number ot these MODKL PHn.ADKLl'HLV HOUSE. Exhibited .Tt the World's Colmnbiaii ]v\l>c).silioii, 1S93. dwellings that have been built since the first of January, 1S.S7, is simply enor- mous, as the following figures will show : uS.Sy, Two story dwellings . . . 4,951 1887, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,700 1888, Two-story dwellings . . . 5,589 1 8,s.s, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,428 1889, Two-story dwellings . . . 7.450 1889, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,992 1890, Two-story dwellings . . . 7,,>oi 1890, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,958 1 89 1, Two-story dwellings . . . 4.'''52 1891, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,543 1893, Two-story dwellings . . . 5,881 1893, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,737 Total 50,288 Thus we find that in eighty-four months, preceding the first of January, 1894, there were erected accom- modations for 50,288 families of five persons, making the single family system possible as well as practicable. In fact, ! FLOOR PLANS— MODEL PHn,ADELPHIA HOUSE. World's Columbian Eipoiltlon, 189J. ,/"■' 1: " iti r S3?" RESIDENCE AT RROAD STREET AND GIRAPD AVENUE. it would be difficult to anticipate a combination of circumstances that could force the people to accept the tenement house method of other cities. While many of these dwell- ings are in the hands of capitalists as in\-cstnients, they have also been largely purchased by the wage earners for homes. An important fact pointing to such a conclusion, wt-re lietter and more conclusive e\'idence wanting, is the great shrinkage in the deposits in the savings fund institutions. In order that the reader more clearly comprehends the trend of popular sentiment for real estate, the following talile of conveyances is given : TRANSFERS. PURCHASE VAi^JATION. TRANSFERS. PURCHASE VALUATION 1888 . . . . 12,679 . . . . $62,663,201.87 1890 . . . . 15.571 ■ • . . $82,879,165.22 i8Sq . . • ■ 15-945 ■ ■ . . 80,225,270.88 1891 . . . . 14.204 , . . . 71.875-S76.33 A total of 58,399 transfers, amounting to $297,643,514.30. The total incumbrance on the above was 32.65 per cent., 21.15 P^i' cent, being represented by mortgage, while the ground rent incumbrance amounted to 11.5 per cent. Of course, the above table embraces all kinds of property : sites for building operations, mills, factories, and other industrial and business buildings, yet the preponderance is largely dwellings. The greater portion of the incumbrances is represented by the operations of builders to secure advances, and the usually heavy percentages associated with large properties used for business purposes. It is believed that the holdings used as homes do not carrj' an a\-erage incumbrance of ten per cent. Besides the heavy showing of dwelling house construction during the eighty-four months to which reference has been made, thousands of massive buildings have been erected to meet the requirements of this busy city. These miscellaneous buildings represent an investment of $34,754,686, and include ninety-nine churches, costing $4,255,000; banks and office buildings (over two stories), costing $9, 19 1,705 ; forty-four school houses, costing $2,444,950; mills and factories, $7,681,537; foundries and shops, $5,178,738; and hospitals, $997,000. In numbers Philadelphia shows f(jr the five years ending with December 31, 1891, the erection of 24,173 more new buildings — the figures in all cases being official — than New York; 5,162 more than New York, Boston and Baltimore combined, and 4,062 more than New York and Brooklyn combined. The official figures for Chicago could not be obtained ; 4,664 was given for 1890, and 1 1,608 for 1891, which is after consolidation, and includes the whole of Cook county with its one hundred and thirty-four post office towns against thirty-seven for Phila- delphia city and county. The average cost of the above buildings was : New York, $17,509.58 each ; Boston, $6,548.67 ; Brooklyn, $4,886.40 ; Philadelphia, $3,338.88. 68 TWIN HOUSES— A MODER.N TYPB. Building Societies. By Addison B. Burk, Assistant Managing Editor, Public Ledger. Philadelphia will always remain the "City of Brotherly Love" — tliat is its main characteristic. Two other titles have been bestowed upon it, but it has outlived one, that of the "Quaker City," and is yearly extending its claim to the other, that of the "City of Homes." The census returns show that it has substantially a dwelling house for each family residing within its borders. There is no other city in the world with a million or more inhabitants that can lay claim to any such distinction. Various causes have combined to encourage the building of a separate house for each family, but they cannot well be understood by strangers without a brief historical description of the growth of the city. The greater part of the city lies on a neck of land bounded by two large rivers, the Delaware and Schuylkill.. In addition to the city proper, as laid out b^' William Penn, numerous other villages, following generally the plan of the streets laid out by Penn, were built within the county limits. These gradually met each other in the process of growth, until they formed a corapactlj^ built city, and were then consolidated under one city government. The country roads which once connected these different settlements naturally developed into the main streets of the villages they traversed, and ultimately became business streets of the consolidated city. Although the lines of old settlements have long since been obliterated, even a stranger in the com- pactly built city could almost mark their centres b}' the clusters of stores ; and indeed Philadelphia covers such a large area that socially and in alnisiness point of view it still partakes of the character of a cluster of settlements. One of the great thoroughfares — Second Street — is lined on both sides for a distance of at least five miles with stores and shops, above which are dwellings. Ridge Road or Avenue, Lancaster Avenue, Passyunk Road, Girard and Columbia Avenues are also great business streets, outside of the limits of what are generally called the business parts of the city, the neighborhood of Market, Chestnut and Arch Streets. Very early in the history of the city it was laid out in blocks, with what were then considered broad streets, the blocks themselves were divided into building lots large enough to be within the reach of people of moderate means; and large blocks, or squares, were set apart for parks or breathing places. But more important than all this, the building lots were sold on ground rent. It was a sale in fee simple, the former owner simply reserving to himself a rent out of the property. The buyer became in fact the owner in fee simple of the lot, but, in consideration of not paying for it in cash, agreed to pay so nuich rent per annum, and this rent was almost invariably 6 per cent, interest on the assumed value of the lot. This was the foundation upon which the " City of Homes " was built. Under it very poor men were enabled to acquire title to a lot of ground on which to erect a homestead, however humble it might be. They were secure against eviction so long as they paid the very modest rent for their lot, and all increase of value which the growth of the city or their own labor put upon their property went to them. The same system of ground rents prevailed in all the settlements now ' PLACE OF TWO AND THREE-STORV COTTAGK HO.MES. Copyright Harper & Bros. 69 ^__ iirr 'inii "^^ »«««■■ Frieniiis' Mketini! House ani> School. Twelftli Street lielow ^Faiket Street. WiLsr KiTTEMiousii SuuAKE (Nineteenth Street below \Valnut), looking South. comprising the City of Philadelphia. There was a wide distribution of property, and as most heads of families owned their houses and lots, there was little demand or need for apartment houses, and few- were built. Every house, whether large or small, was built for the accommodation of only one family. The custom was soon fairly established, and even when property had advanced in value so that it became more and more difficult for the poorer and more improvident people lo own their own homes, and rented dwellings had to be provided for them, fashion, habit or prejudice still impelled each family to have its own dwelling complete in itself. More than a hundred years before building and loan associations had been established in Philadelphia, before the days of co-operation, Philadelphia was a city of homes, made so primarily by the ground rent system, and kept so by the force of local custom. The general plan of Philadelphia dwelling houses is also due to the fact that, being built to a great extent by people of small means, they were made at first no larger than necessity required and were gradually extended as the means of the owner permitted, and as the size of the family increased. The distinctive feature of the Philadelphia dwelling for persons of small means is that, whether large or small, it is well lighted, well aired and admits of a decent living. Every room in the house receives light and air from windows opening on the street or on the yard. Each room, except perhaps the kitchen, is entirely separate from all others; that is to say, the occupants may pass by entrj' ways direct from the street to any room in the house, without passing through other rooms. Each house is also provided with a yard or garden, and these grouped together in the centre of a block, form a broad open space common to all the houses above the six feet fence line, while each yard is, nevertheless, the exclusive adjunct of the house to which it is attached. The greater portion of the dwellings are also provided with bath-rooms, supplied from the city works. The plan developed by experience and not the work of anyone architect, is so good and compact that on lots 14 or 15 feet front by 50 deep, comfortable dwellings, with 144 square feet of yard space, and containing from six to eight rooms, are erected and supplied with the essential conveniences of the best modern dwellings. As a rule, however, the 1 ;ts are from 16 to 18 feet in frontage, and from 60 to 100 feet in depth. The great bulk of Philadelphia's dwelling houses range in value, including lot, from $;coo to $3000. There are of course a large number ranging in value from $5000 to $7500, and for the latter sum a house can be bought fitted for the home of a well-to-do merchant. When building societief were introduced in Philadelphia fifty years ago, they simply found a congenial soil and flourished on that account. They did not create though they have stimulated the desire for ownership of houses, and at a time when sales of lots on ground rent were less common than formerly, they provided a ready means for poor people to obtain homes of their own. It is an old story that the term building society is a misnomer, and that Philadelphia building societies are really co-operative savings funds and loan associations. The system in the simpler forms may be made plain in this way. One hundred men, each al)le to save one dollar a month, agree, in order to strengthen each other in their purpose to save, to put their money together at fixed periods and lock it up in a strong box until each shall have accumulated $200. It is easy enough to see that if each man is prompt in his payments, the strong box will be ready to be opened for a division of the savings at the end of 200 months. If each monthlj^ payment stands for a share of stock, then each share will be worth $200 at the end of 200 months. But we will suppose that as soon as this agreement has been entered into by which the 100 men come together monthly and put a dollar each into a common fund, one of the members suggests that instead of allowing the money to lie idle in the box they had better put it out at interest as they gather it each month, putting the securities for its return into the box and the interest also as fast as earned. At a glance the other members see that, by acting on this suggestion, they will accumu- late the $200 on each share in less than 200 months, perhaps in 180 months, when they will have paid only $180 each. The suggestion is adopted, and now we have a purely co-operative savings fund with only one distinguishing feature, and that one of great value — the savings are compulsory, and made at stated periods. The member does not lay aside in this fund his spare cash as humor to save prompts him, but enters into an obligation to pay so much per month. Now, j'ou have in this scheme as thus far developed, the essential features of our so-called building and loan associations. The other branches of business in w^hich they engage, although they give character and name to the societies, 71 are really incidental to the accomplishment of the one grand purpose, that of saving money by co-operation and by compulsory payment into the treasury. The first problem that presents itself to the directors is, how to use the money collected the first month. The purjiose of the society will be destroyed if the money is not safely invested. Shall it be put in Government bonds at a low rate of interest or invested in bond and mortgage, with real estate security, at a high rate ? If the latter course is adopted, to whom shall it be loaned ? John Smith who is not a member of the society desires to borrow, but so also does Peter Brown, who is a member. If the society should lend to Peter Brown, it will have security additional to that represented by his bond and mortgage — in his stock, growing in value month by month. To get this additional security for all the money it lends, and at the same time secure a higher rate of interest for its money than could be obtained from Government bonds, the society determines to lend only to its meniliers. Now it .appears that other members besides Peter Brown want to borrow the first month's collections. How shall it be decided between them? Obviously, the fairest plan is to let them bid one against the other, and lend it to the man who is willing to give the highest premium over and above the fi.xed or legal rate of interest. This course is adopted, and the society finds itself in possession of two sources of profit, interest on loans to its own members and premiums for the prior use of money collected. It is manifest now that instead of requiring 200 or 1 80 months in which to accumulate in a strong box enough money and securities to divide $200 per share, it will only take say 160 months. In the course of time, some one of the niembers fails to pay his instalment. If this should be permitted it is manifest that the member withholding his deposit and depriving the society of its use will, in the end, have an advantage over his fellow members. To check this a fine is imposed ^\ hen instalments are delayed, so that the fine may serve as a penalty as well as reimburse the societ^^ for the loss of the use of the money. Another member finds that he cannot keep up his payments, or he desires to move to another part of the country. To accommodate him, the society agrees to open its strong box before the appointed time, give him what he has paid in, with some portion of the profit already accumulated, and cancel his stock. Now it is seen that there are, besides interest, three sources of profit, namely : Premiums arising from competition for the loans, penalties for non-payment of dues, and a portion of the profits withheld from members who fail to remain in the association, and whose stock is canceled. And so the features of a Philadelphia building society are developed. At last, somewhere between the tenth and the eleventh years, when from $120 to $132 have been paid in on each share, the strong box is found to contain securities or money sufficient to divide to all the shares, of the borrowers and the non -borrowers, $200 each. The time has come for the society to be " wound up," technically speaking. Each holder of an unborrowed or free share gets $200 in cash. Each borrower is entitled to $200, but he owes $200, for which the society holds his bond and mortgage, so the account is squared by the cancellation of the mortgage. The societ>- thus described is a single series society. Stock is now issued in series, but the principle remains the same. The series are treated as partners with interests in a business common to all, proportioned to their invest- ments and the times for which the investments have been made. For many j'ears building societies had no competitors in loaning money for the purchase of houses. As money became cheaper capitalists began to compete, and at the piresent day one can borrow from individuals money on instalment mortgages so framed that the conditions and results to the borrower are substantially the same as though he had become a member of and borrowed from a building societ}'. This condition will onlj' last, however, as long as money is cheap. A capitalist will not lend on such favorable terms unless forced to do so by the market conditions. Complete statistics respecting building societies are not attainable. It is known, however, that the vState contains at least 1400 societies, and that about 450 have their offices in Philadelphia. If they have an average of looo shares and 200 members each, and the shares of stock have an average value of $90, then tlie 1400 societies have 280,000 members and $126,000,000 of assets. There is no doubt that Philadelphia has at all times fully $40,000,000 invested in building societies and that the members put away nearly $5,000,000 annually in these compulsory savings funds. Nearly all of these savings are ultimately invested in little homes and that is why the Iniilders of Philadelphia erect many thousands of small houses every year. 72 Rain Bath Hnber's "Gegenstrom" Hot- Water Apparatus Scliaffstadt Patent For instant jiruduction of Warm and Hot Water by means of Steam For Insane Asylums, Reformatories, Prisons, Gymnasiums and Bath Establishments Tliis apparatus can be furnished to supply from one to twenty douches. It instantly heats water or other fluids to any desired degree of temperature without directly introducing steam into the fluid, and is therefore especially adapted for bath establishments using salt, mineral and other medicinal waters. It needs no hot-water reservoir or boiler, and is directly connected to water and steam pipes. The great danger ot scalding the bather is avoided by its use, as the highest degree of temperature — supplied by the apparatus designed for bath- ing purposes — cannot exceed no degrees. WRITE FOR nHSCRIPTIVli CIRCUI^AR C-5 THE HENRY HUBER COMPANY Sanitary Specialties. 81 Beekman St., New York. IHLClea/nSweep No/\=SiPhON The Best Trap Human Ingenuity has Ever Devised for Exclud- ing Sewer Gas The plumbers all admire it because it is simple and has demon- strated its success. It is a combination of the " S" and Drum Traps, possessing the best features of both and the bad features of neither. It has a large water-seal, a free water-way, and has no mechanical features. DETROIT SflNlTflRY SUPPLY CO. 37 to 41 First Street DETROIT", MICH. GET OUR NEW CATALOGUE Dealers i ^SANITARY SPECIALTIES 74 The Builders' Exchange. By William W. Morgan. CHAXGK ROOM. ^^ . J^if Among the minierous bodies representative of special interests in the " City of Philadelphia, there is probably not one that has so fully proven the wisdom and forethought of its projectors as the Master Builders' Exchange- Tlie organization was first publicly proposed at a meeting of tlie Master Plasterers' Association on June 7, 1886. At that time the employing, or master mechanics, in the various building trades, owing to hibor agitations and other questions affecting contracts, found tliemselves very freijuently working at cross purposes, and as a result, tlie fee'ing was gaining ground that something must be done for their mutual pro- tection. When, therefore, the matter of forming an organization assumed shape in the Master Plasterers' Company, it received a flattering affirmative response from representative men in all the building trades, and as a consequence, there was but little difficulty or delay in getting together and deciding upon the form, scope and manner of conducting the association required to best serve their interests. A charter was granted February 17th, 1887, in the corporate name of "The Master Builders' Exchange of the City of Philadelphia," and temporary quarters were at once established by leasing the rotunda of the old Pliiladelphia Exchange building at Third and Walnut Streets. A few months after (June 1887) the present home of the Exchange on .Seventh Street was purchased from the German Society. The building was one of the best known to Philadelphians, as it had been for many years occupied by the city as a gas office. In the Spring of 1889, shortly after obtaining possession of the premises, the Exchange set about remodelling it to suit their purposes. The front portion was thoroughly overhauled and radically changed, and on the rear of the lot a fine five-story fire-proof office building was erected. An additional story was placed on the front building in i8yi, in whicli a first-class cafe has been established for the accommodation of members, tenants and the general public. These improvements were completed about the first of November, 1889. The Lumbermen's Exchange occupies a portion of the second floor of the building and the meetings of the Stone Cutters' Association, the Bricklayers' Company, the Master Carpenters' and Builders' Company, the Master Plasterers' Association, the Master Plumbers' Association, the Philadelphia Saw and Planing Mill Association, the Master Painters' Association, and the Metal Roofers' Association are also held in the building, thereby practically making it a headquarters for all the building trades. Prior to the organization of the Exchange, the Builders of Philadelphia held but an unimportant place in the business community in comparison with the amount of their financial transactions and the responsibility devolving upon them ; but by virtue of concentrated action, influence judiciously exercised, and a determination to maintain their righ's, freely expressed through the medium of a thoroughly well 1 managed Exchange, they have made rapid strides toward elevating the building interests of Philadelpliia to their proper plane in business and financial circles. The work done in 1S92 by members of the Exchange represents upwards of seventy-five per cent, in amount of all the contracts awarded in Philadelphia for buildings erected under architects' plans and specifi- cations, in addition to which many of them have had large operations in other sections of the country. Ill addition to concentrating the various building trades under one strong and influential organization representing building interests, 75 EXTERIOR VIK1V. the Builders' Exchange has gone further and established two new departments : the Permanent Exhibition and the Mechanical Trade Schools., both of which have been eminently successful, and have attracted widespread attention and most favoralile comment. Tlie Dnilclers' Excliano-e Mechanical 'J'rade Schools have for their object the instruction of j'oung men whereby they will be given such insight into whatever building U-.\de they may select, as will enable them to be at once useful and renumerative to their employers when EXHIBITION KiiuM. tlicy cntcr upon a regular apprenticeship, and tend to save them from the drudgery to which the average American boy so strongly objects ; but which the ordinary apprentice is subjected to during the first year or so of his efforts to become a skilled mechanic. Instruction is given in the use of tools, the actual handling, mixing and manipu- lation of materials, and also in mechanical drawing, and other technical points which will prove useful in the trade. These schools have been in operation since September, 1890, and are the first of the kind ever established under the auspices and control of a Builders' Exchange. Their success is very gratifying, and efforts are now being made by the Exchange toward their permanent endowment and material enlargement from year to year. The Buiiders Exchange Permanent Exhibition has become so well known that visitors to Phila- delphia desirous of seeing the special attractions, are shown through it the same as through Independ- ence Hall, Girard College, the United States Mint, the City Hall, or Fairmount Park. It constitutes a handsomely arranged and classified exhibit of all kinds of materials and devices which enter into the construction and finish of buildings, and occupies the entire first floor of the Exchange. It was opened to the public in November, 1SS9, since which time it has been growing in popular favor as well as in the number and character of its exhibits. During the j-ear 1892, the number of visitors was upwards of 90,000, and from a register containing the names and address of many of these, it is shown that they come trom almost every country on the face of the earth. To property owners and others interested in building mterests, this Permanent lixhibition is recognized as being of the greatest possible value, as it gi\-es them an opportunity of seeing at once the latest and best things to be used in erecting or remodelling a building of any description. Exhibitors pay an annual rental for the space they occupy. Admission is free, and the exhibition is open to the public from 8 a. m. to 5 v. m., every day in the year, except Sunday and legal holiday's. The Master Builders' Exchange of Philadelphia took a very prominent part in the organization, in 1887, of the National Association of Builders, wdiich is composed of representatives from Builders' Exchanges located in all the principal cities of the United States. Much good has resulted through the medinin of the National Association, by l)ringing together representative builders and building t''adesmen for conference, interchange of views and the establishment of iniiform improved methods and laws relating to the building l>usiness throughout the country. This Exchange has always been looked upon by the memliers of the National A.ssociation as a model to be followed in the organization of similar liodies. A history of the Exchange was recently published, giving a full account of its transactions from the date of organization in 1SS6. The book is a model of the printer's art and a monument to the enterprise of the Exchange. It contains upwards of 500 pages of text, and in addition is handsomely illustrated with ]iortraits of past and present officers, habitations of men of various countries and ages, views of the Exchange and its different departments, and the exterior and interior of a model Phila- delphia house for persons of moderate means. The Exchange has always taken an active part in State and municipal affairs where an expression of public opinion on building subjects has been desirable, and its weight and influence are recognized and respected in all business circles. By establishing and upholding the Exchange, the builders of Philadelphia liave accomplished jiuch, and are in a position to confidently look forward to still greater achievements. 76 DOUGLAS RUBBER ELBOW A Rubber Elbow with SLIP JOINT CONNECTION T HIS Elbow can he adjusted to any distance wanted, and wlien adjusted cannot be pulled away or out of place. It has at all times a full waterway, insuring a full flush to the closet. This is a great advantage over other makes of elbows, which on being fastened to the bowl often contract the waterway. IWIanufactured only by The John Douglas Co. i()2-64-6() Poplar Street -CINCINNATI, OHIO 77 ON CHESTNUT STREET. >ome Comparisons. Population is niassin.a: in large industrial centers ; the size of the family is decreasing, hut the number of dwellings lias increased during the decade at a rate relatively greater than the population. First, as to the surprising growth of urban population : The Eleventh Census has established the fact that from a country in which about 3 per cent, of the population were dwellers in towns of S,ooo inhabitants and upward, we have developed into a vast industrial nation in which nearly 30 per cent, of tlie population is concentrated in places of over 8,000 inhabitants ; over 36 per cent, in places of 2,500 ; or, if the limit is extended down to small towns and villages of 1,000 and upward, therein may be found about 42 per cent, of the population. To ascertain the effect of this concentration of population upon the occupa- tions, the health, the mental and moral conditions, the material welfare, and the future of the people of the United States, is one of the most interesting and important problems of the age. While the tendency in many of our large cities is to mass population in tenement houses, the returns for the country show a satisfactory diminution of the nruiiber of persons to a dwelling from 5.94 in 1850 to 5.60 in 1S80 and 5.45 in iSgo. It has been said often that Philadelphia is the most American large city in the Union. In the matter of homes this is certainly true. While S3I2 per cent, of the population of New York City li\e o\'er 10 to a dwelling, only 12.^4' per cent, of the population of Phil- adelphia are found o\-er 10 to a dwelling, and 87/4 per cent, in dwellings having less than 10. In this remarkable city of homes o\-tr 933^ per cent, of dwellings contain less than lopersons, and less than 4^2 per cent. more. The other city of over a million inhabitants, Chicago, is about evenly divided between the two classes of dwellings. In New York nearljr 29 per cent, of the dwellings contain more than 20 jiersons to each dwelling, and 66?4 per cent, of the population there li\'e over 20 to a dwelling. The average size of families in 1S90 in seven of our largest cities is as follows : Philadelphia. 5.10; Baltimore, 5.01 ; Boston, 5.00; Chicago, 4.99; St. Louis, 4.92; New York, 4 S4 ; Brooklyn, 4.72. In the case of Philadelphia, this shows an excess o\'er the general average of the entire country ;4.93) of abo\-e 3 per cent. 7« Markets of Philadelphia. By GeorGK E. MapeS, PhilaJflphia Times. :;^ 1 >wi*/eat^- -«\ Philadelphia has been notalile from the first for the excellence and extent of its markets. Penn i-amo in 16S2, and tlie following year there was a markt-t in which Initchers erected movable stalls. This market was at tlie corner of Front Street and Market, then called High Street. Ten j-ears later, inider William I^IarKham, Deputy Governor, this market was r^'^'ovcd ?:-c •.-';i"are further west to Second and Market Streets, and provided with a bell. At this time and place, customs and regulations were adojUed, which practically continued to this day. There were to be two markets a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, all sorts of provisions brought to the city were to be offered for sale here and nowhere else under penalty of forfeiture. The articles dealt in included " flesh, fish, tame fowl, butter, eggs, cheese, herbs, fruits and roots, etc.," the latter evidently meaning sucli culinary vegetables as were then cultivated in the province. The market was to open at the sound of the bell, which was to be rung in Svnnmer between six; and seven A. M. and in Winter between eight and nine. Sales made before hours excejjt to the Go\-ernor and Lieutenant Gov- ernor were forfeited. All were forbidden to buy or price these provisions on their way to market, and hucksters could not buy until the market had been opened two hours. The clerk of the market received half of all forfeitures, together with six pence per head on all slaughtered cattle; two pence for each sheep, calf or lamb ; three pence for each pig; but no charge was made on what the country people brought to market already killed. lie was also allowed a penny each for sealing weights and measures. In 17 10 a Court House was erected in Market Street between Second and Third, which stood upon arches with brick pillars to rest upon, the basement of which was open for market stalls. This was the first market muler roof, and the building, of which a picture is furnished in this article, was Court House, seat of the I,egislature and Municii)al Council, State House and Town House until the erection of the State House, now known as Independence Hall, in 17.15. It was a quaint, old-faslnoned building with a little cupola and liell and having a balcony in front with steps from either side leading up to it. I'rom this balcony tlie in:;ugural addresses and ])roclamations of the colonial governors were read, and the famcnis preacher, George Whitfield, used it as a pul])it from which to preach to six thousand people. It is interesting to note that at this early day the jieople of Philadelphia were schooled in public affairs in this very act of buying and selling their daily supplies, a custom their descendants follow to this day. The market houses being still tlie common meeting ground for discussing current political events. This primitive market system expanded as the city grew by the building of market sheds in the centre of the wider streets, in- cluding Callowhill, Spring Garden, Girard Avenue and many others, the sheds being owned by the city, and the stalls rented to the fiarmers, butchers, fishermen and fruit and vetjetable dealers. This COHKX HOCSB AND MARKET, 2D .AND MARKET .ST" ERECTED 1710. From au Old Print. — "Til Pi 13(1 1— rsv^ i-:i A PORTION OK OLD SPRING GARDEX MARKET, NOW REMOVED, system continued and expanded according to the demands of tlie rapidly increasing population until the year 1851, when there were forty-nine of these public market houses in various sections of the city. At this time the agitation for the consolida- tion of the outlying boroughs and sections into one gjeat municipality was at its height. Business men begr.n to complain of the market houses in the middle of the streets as obstructions to busi- ness, and it was proposed that the markets should be transferred to pri\-ate owners a\1u> would erect spacious, well-lighted buildings in coin-enient localities for *"his purpose. Like all inno\-ations in Philadelphia, this was a change of slow growth. The first market of this kind was called the Broad Street Market House, and was opened for business June 4, 1.S51. It proved a failure, the citizens persisting in patronizing the public market sheds. The Brcjad Street Market House became the W'est Chester Railway Station. Slow as was the change, however, it made constant headway, and at the present day biit four of the forty-nine public sheds remain, and these are doomed. The unsuccessful Broad Street Market House has been succeeded by thirty-five of its kind, or nearly at the rate of one for every ward in the city. There are i ,184 stalls rented by dealers whose goods are on di-splay every day in the week, except Sunday, exclusive of the farmers and market gardeners who throng to the city in regiments on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Dock Street Market has always been the great distributing point. Here the fruit and early vegetal)les of the South were Ijrought by rail, and the fish and oysters lirought in sloops and other vessels were exposed for sale. The Dock Street Market is about to be abandoned, luiwe\-er, and at Thirty-second and Market Streets, in West Philadelphia, will be located the distributing market of the future. At this ]ioint the Philadelphia Market Company \vill recei\-e oranges, fresh fruit and vegetables by a three-day train from Jacksonville; strawberries and gardei truck from Norfolk on the morning after shipment; peaches and watermelons, in their season, fron. Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey : apples from Western New York and Michigan ; dressed meat from Chicago and Kansas City ; and live cattle from every State, from Pennsylvania to Oregon ; fish from the great lakes of the West, the ocean on the Ivist, and creeks, rivers and lakes of the neighboring States ; game of all sorts from all sections ; o_\-sters from the Chesapeake and Pong Island Sound. In short, everything edible in its season, from the Bermuda Islands in the East to the vineyards and orchards of California on the West. In the matter of svipplying the outlying suburljan towns the market system of Philadelphia is admirable. Both the Philadelphia and Reading and the Peinisylvania Railways deliver the market baskets free of charge, for those who come to town to buy the day's provisions, over their respecti\-e lines. Of the market houses, that under the Reading Terminal , at Twelfth and Filbert Streets, is undoubtedl>' the leading example, because of its central location and its proximity to the two great railway terminals of the city. As a single item, showing the importance ol the market business of Philadelphia, the agricultural lands in Philadelphia County alone are assessed at twenty-one millions of dollars, the most of which are de\'oted to market gardening. The same business is extensively followed in Piucks, Mont- gomery, Chester and Delaware Counties, and in the States of New Jersey and Delaware, for the purpose of supplying the Philadeliihia market. In short, the people of no great city in the covmtry live better or are better supplied with the necessaries, delicacies and luxuries which are essential to please the palate and sustain the bodily vigor of the ordinary human being. The market system of Philadelphia remains to-day what it has been from the very foundation of the city — the best in America. So wBW Market house, 30TH .and market streets. Railroad Terminals of Philadelphia. By John A. Johann ano Frank W Harold, Tht Puhlii- Ledger. In no city of the world an- llure such magnificent railroad terminals as exist in Philadelphia. The Broad Street Station of the Peinisyhania Railroad has been a model of a perfect railroad building for a score of years, but it has now been succeeded by a greater and much more commodious structure, imposing in appearance and more perfect in its arrangements than the old. This and the magnificent new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad are the largest in the world. Philadelphia, therefore, lias the two greatest passenger terminals built, beautiful alike in grandeur and architectural features, and as complete as the suggestions of experienced railroad men could make them. Another passenger terminal, not as large as those of the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and Reading Railroads, is that of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. It is of sufficient size to accommodate the growth of the business of this trunk line for several years, and is not lacking in all the conveniences for passengers and trains known to modern railroading. All of the great passenger stations are located within the heart of the city on the main artery of traffic and close to the centres of every line of trade. The Pennsylvania Railroad Station is at Broad and Market Streets, directly opposite Philadelphia's magnificent new City Hall. Its style of architecture is modern Gothic, harmonizing with the old station familiar to visitors to the Quaker City. The main building is ten stories high, 306 feet on Broad Street, from Market to Filbert, and having a depth of 2 1 2 feet on Market Street. Fifteenth Street is bridged, running beneath the vast station. This great structure contains about 200 rooms and many of the main offices of the Pennsylvania Railroad, connected directly with the operating department are provided lor. The base of the building is of granite and the upper stories of brick with terra cotta trimmings. The whole structure is absolutely fire-proof. At the base of a high tower, which stands directly at the corner of Broad and Market Streets, is a splendid main entrance, 70 feet deep, from which elegant stairways lead to the waiting rooms on the second floor. There are carriage facilities, elevators and every convenience that belongs to a modern railroad station of the first class. The train shed connected with this is its crowning feature and is doubly interesting because it is the largest single span shed ever constructed. It is an arch of iron and glass, reaching from Market to Filbert Streets, and having a clear span of 304 feet. Its length is 600 Si The LooiMis System of Filtration "It Filters all the Water" FOR Drinking, Cooking, Bathing, Laundry Heating, Boilers, Manufacturing .... Looniis Improved Water Filter 2005 Market Street, Philadelphia •THE ONLY FILTER THAT CAN PERFECTLY CLEANSE ITSELF." Pennsylvania Railroad's Great Depot, BROAD STRKET STATION Tcut on opposite page), the most magnificent Railroad Station in the world, is supplied with Pure Water by The Loomis System of Filtration The Fowler ' , '^ '%. ^ :■* < , .. * T \ie Uic ffes? in the Wor / I 1 T f *♦.'♦/"' * "' '< *' ^■■r Heating AwA Ventilating '-K^ I I :^ Churches, Schools, Hos- I'itals, I'ulilic Buildings Mill Residences. Send for Illustrated Cata- i logue of our DIRECT and SEMI- DIRECT Radiators THE FOWLER RADIATOR :AND MAN- 'UFACTURING ^Jfi^ COMPANY Pa. \^ THE FOWLUR SEM|.1)IRI£CT RADIATOR SECTIONAL VIEW -~! Ml' - «- - ^-i^ lii- t^ii- "^^ 'V \', ~ =."*«*4?» ■^v^m^fXr^etsr^' WTO" v^.Jf:'^: ^s'Ti"*'' '"^ 'SS-i3= I ^ Vf:^ ;r-^= feet, its height i46'_' feet from the track level, and it covers sixteen tracks with their commodious platforms. Nearly five acres are covered by the shed, and the total length of the main building and shed is Sio feet S'^ inches. The approach to this great terminal station is over an elevated railway supported on arches of solid brick. The Broad Street Station really incltides the extensive Adams Express and Pennsylvania Railroad freight stations, extending to the westward of the passenger station for four blocks. The traffic of the Broad Street Station is enormous, both in trains and passengers. An average of 60,000 people arrive and depart from this station every day in the year, and 530 scheduled trains daily, with rarely a trifling accident, is the proud record of this great terminal. Between 4 and 7 p. m., every week-day, fifty trains arrive and eighty depart. The enormous aggregate of 20,000,000 passengers were handled in 1892, an increase during ten years of 11,000,000. The new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was opened to traffic on January 20, 1893. Its style of architecture is composite renaissance, a style never before adopted for a great railroad terminal. On Market .Street the station front is 266 feet, with a depth of 107 feet on Twelfth Street. The building is eight stories high and its facade is impressive and magnificent. The building is one of the architectural ornaments of the city. New England granite was used in the construction up to the second floor level. Above that there is a pleasing combination of pink tinted brick and white terra-cotta. In the basement of the building there are several stores. The main entrance is in the centre of the Market Street front, and there is also an entrance from Twelfth Street. On the second floor, which is level with the tracks, there are five offices and waiting rooms, furnished in sumptuous style. The main waiting room is 78 by 100 feet, with a ceiling 35 feet high, and the decorations are elaborate. It opens on a lobby 50 feet wide, running the whole width of the station and giving entrance to the tracks. The structure also includes a well appointed restaurant, convenient baggage and express rooms, carriage entrances, elevators and every necessary convenience for the comfort of passengers. The train shed is 266 feet 6 inches wide and 507 feet in length and contains thirteen tracks. The upper stories of the station are occupied as the general executive and operating offices of the company, affording commodious and comfortable rooms for every department. Its length is 405 feet. The iron arch has a clear span of 266 feet, and contains 90,000 square feet of glass. The distance from the level of the thirteen tracks in the shed to the top of the arch is 80 feet. Beneath the tracks in the great shed is a busy market house, occupied by the merchants who formerly rented stalls in the farmers' market houses which were torn down to make room for the new station. The number of scheduled trains running from this station over the many divisions of the Philadelphia and Reading system is 290 daily. The passenger station of the Baltimore and Ohio is situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill at the southwest corner of Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. It is constructed of pressed brick and is of a pleasing design, a prominent feature being a tall clock tower. Wide stairways descend to the track level from the main entrance on Chestnut Street, which is here elevated to the second floor level of the station, on the eastern approach to the handsome bridge which spans the Schuylkill River and the railroad tracks on each bank. The second story of the station contains large waiting rooms and a well appointed restaurant, besides the offices of the Philadelphia division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The main waiting room occupies nearly the entire first floor of the station and opens on a lobby leading to the train shed. The splendid express trains of the Royal Blue Line to New York and Washington pass through this station. Probably no city in the United States is better provided with freight terminals. The freight stations of the three great railroad lines centring in Philadelphia are so evenly distributed that they are to be found in almost every section of the city. Not in any city of the country has any single railroad provided so many points for the shipments and delivery of freight as has the Pennsylvania. It has over thirty stations which receive and send out freight. The Mantua Transfer Station, which is 700 feet long, alone handles a business of 50,000 tons a month of miscellaneous freight. The aggregate tonnage haiidled at all the Pennsylvania Railroad's freight stations in 1892 was 10,218,000 tons. The great commodities, such as grain, flour, coal and produce, have special stations devoted to them. At Green- . m /T» THE RICADING TICRMIXAL STATION, TWr.I.l-TII AMI MARKKT STRKKTS. wich Point, on the Delaware River, are the coal wharves. There are five tressels for the shipment of coal and an average of 300 car loads a day are handled. C.rain is chiefly received at the two great elevators at Girard Point, which have a combined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels. There is also a storehouse there; and besides the grain piers, there are two for the discharge of iron ore from abroad and two for merchandise. The flour depot is at Eighteenth and Market Streets. In 1892, 550,000 barrels were handled there from the West. At Thirtieth and Market Streets is an extensive statioti where Southern fruits and vegetables arrive. Live stock is delivered at large stock yards in West Philadelphia, which are connected with an abattoir. Dry goods and hardware are received at the Dock Street Station, which has as an adjunct a large cold storage warehouse for the perishable trade. The terminus for miscellaneous freight for the Southern system is at Broad and W'ashington Avenue. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad has upwards of twenty-five freight stations in Philadel- phia, situated in every section in the city, handling millions of tons of freight annually. The two most extensive general stations where miscellaneous freight is received and delivered are the Broad Street Station, at Broad and Callowhill Streets, and the Willow and Noble Streets Station, at Front, Willow I and Noble Streets, and Piers 23 to 29, North Wharves. Other large stations for miscellaneous freight are at Piers 33 to 39, South Whar\-es ; Second and Berks Streets and Twenty-third and Arch Streets. 85 S?a The Oster Mf^. Co. CLEVELAND, OHIO Manufacture Plumbers' and Steam Fitters' Hand Tools A coiiiparison of merits always results in a choice "<" The OSTER Patent Adjustable Die Stocks They arc perfection itself. Tlic new line of Adjustable Ratchet Stocks are the most reliable and liamU- tools to he found. Satisfaction always ^u;irautccd. Plumbers and Steam Fitters arc invHcd to try them. They are sold by the trade at popular prices, and warranted in all respects. If your dealer does not kcc]) them, write Claridqe & Bartholomew, 505 Cherry St., } . , r^, ■, . , .■ McFadden Company, Arch St., \ Agents, Philadelphia, Pa. THE OSTER HANUFACTURINQ COHPANY, Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. Oh! I DON'T KNOW Then write its and find out all abotit The DiJDDiDg Boi'Gi's... Steam and Hot Water Heating The Dunning The New Dunning - The Dtinnins: "Club" For Hard Coal For Hard or Soft Coal For Hard or Soft Coal WE MAKE ALL STYLES AND SIZES- NEW YORK CENTRAL IRON WORKS CO., 118 Exchange St., Geneva, N. Y. Thomas Devlin Sc Co. i^1i;iiio;h ^we.. ^v^ikric.vn ,vpsi> rjiiui) .«-i'ri-i., i>ii 1 1^ v i>]:i>i»iii v. i»a., tt. s. a. MANUFACTURERS OF Patterns of Wood, Metal, Brass or Iron made by Hodelor flechan- ical Drawing. Fine and Strong Bronze, Sub= Silver and Electrical Bronze Castings to Order. r * Jrj W' toil e© u ^ '■*=4 Tinning, Japanning, Galvanizing, Plating, Fitting, and Machine Work Promptly Done. ^% Malleable Iron Fittings for Gas, Steam and Water Malleable and Soft Grey Iron, Steel, Brass and Bronze Castings to order from special patterns S6 At four points, widely separated, carload traffic only is received and delivered . The potato yard where potatoes are received by the carload, is at Second and Master Streets. At Pier 8, South Wharves, freight in any quantity to and from the Atlantic City Railroad is handled. Deliveries of flour are made at the Sixteenth Street Stores, Sixteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Grain for export is delivered at the Port Richmond Elevator, and lumber at the lumber storage yard, Tenth and Berks Streets. Shipments of live stock are delivered at the North Philadelphia Drove Yard, Drove Yard Station, Fifth Street and Rising Sun Lane, in the northern section of the city. Besides the purely freight stations named, there are the extensive coal wharves and steamship piers at Port Richmond, and transfer stations at Wayne Junction and other suburban points. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has large freight receiving and delivery stations at fonr points on the Delaware River, occupyir.g eight piers, and one point on the Schuylkill River at Race Street. This company also has coal piers at the foot of Snyder Avenue, Delaware River. Philadelphia's long stretch of over six miles of water front on the Delaware River is aseriesof busy railroad and steamboat terminals, interspersed with wharves devoted to the business of great sugar refineries and other industries or branches of trade of a commmercial nature. The railroad companies own or control more than half of the wharves on the Delaware, and their needs are such that they are frequently in the market as i)urchasers of more. At Port Richmond, the northernmost improved point on the Delaware River, are the wharves of the North Atlantic Trident line of fireight steamers. _ The grain elevator at this point has a capacity of 960,000 btishels. Stretch- ing I0 the southward are the extensive coal wharves of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. Numer- ous wharves, de- voted to manufac- t u I i n g industries, ship building. PROPOSED READING R. R. SUBWAV ALONG PENNSVLVANIA AVENUE WRST OF BROAD STREET. REFERENCES City Hall Baldwin Locomotive Works 3. Point Breeze 4. Germantown Junction 5. Greenwich Point 6. Port Richmond North Penn. Junction Frankford Junction Girard Point Map of Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad. open to all railroads. Indicated by dotted line. SS PORT RICHMOND COAI, TKRMIX AL. coastwise and river commerce, the ferry liusiiiess anil the extensive freight business of the three railroads, extend to and beyond the central jxirt of the city, l.ower down the ri\-er are the great sugar refineries and another grain elevator at the foot of Washington Avenue, with a cai)acity of 400,000 bushels. A splendid group of ]iiers to the north and south of this elevator constitute the terminal of the American, Red Star, Atlantic Transport and Allen lines of transatlantic steamers. These fine wharves are the propertv of the Pennsvhania Railroad Company, which maintains large freight stations on and near them. The coal shipping piers of the same railroad company are at Greenwich Point, still further down the river. Passing League Island, willi its dry-dock, group of massive brick buildings and war vessels, constituting in many respects the finest navy yard possessed by the United States Government. The Girard Point grain elevators are reached near the mouth of the Schuylkill River. These two towering brick structures have a comliined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels, and are continually surrounded by- vessels loading grain for all parts of the world. A short distance up the Schuylkill is the great oil shipping terminal, Point Breeze. It is the terminus of the pipe lines of the Standard Oil Company, and huge tank steamers receive their cargoes all the year round. An important factor in the future commercial economy of the city, is the construction of the system of the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad Co., which will soon, it is expected, girdle the city, and touching all lines of railroad, afford to them eipial facilities for the handling of freightage upon the whole water front of the city, both east and west, thus developing a great area of now inaccessible territory. The length of this ligament binding together our tendons of traffic, will be about twenty-six miles. Of this some six miles are now completed, including the lease of a section of track owned by the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Company. By this system, with its numerous sidings, goods of every kind may be placed in the cars upon the premises of the shipper, saving the large item of drayage, etc., and affording a corresponding advantage in competition. Fifty-one per cent of the stock is held by the Board of Trade and Commercial Exchange, as trustees, to ensure the perpetual impartiality of this line in its relation to the great railroads which will severally connect with it. The officers of the company are: Francis B. Reeves, Prcddent : Richard TuU, Treasurer; John J. Curley, Secretary, and Sidney Williams, General Manager. THE JOHN BULI, "PEXXSY'S" FIRST LOCOMOTIVE, AND ITS CARS. .\s run from New York to Chicago iu .\pril, iSy^. ■'^miML^^--^^ Our Waterways. Bv Prof. I,k\vis M. Haupt, Civil Engineer. The A-arying phases of conmiL-rce in Pliiladelpliia, as elsewhere, can best be understood by a review of the conditions which surround it, and as these are hirgely of a physical nature, I will essa^^ to present to my readers an outline of the history and development of the waterways which have con- tributed so largely to out former commercial and present manufacturing supremacy. It is believed that the majestic ri\'er which connects this city with the sea was discovered and named by Lord De la Ware in 1610, en route to Jamestown, as Governor of \'irgiiiia, holding com- mission from Queen Elizabeth. At this time the Dutch were active in their explorations, and in 1609 Hendrick Hudson entered the North River, now named after him, but it was not until 16J3 that Cornelius Mey explored the Delaware, which he probably named the South River, as it was so called by the Xetherlanders during their occupancy of this section. He ascended the river and built a fort at the mouth of Timlier Creek, at Gloucester Point, which he called Nassau. The early Dutch settlers were, however, all massacred by the natives, and it was not until the Spring of 1638, when the Swedes inaug-urated their peace policy by bartering for their lands, that a permanent settlement was effected on the meadows of the Mincpias, which they named Christeen, after their Queen, Christiana. The out- cropping ledge of rock where they landed, and near which Fort Christiana and their church were built, is still to be seen 011 the left liank of the river, in the City of Wilmington. This is the Plymouth Rock of the early Colonists on the South Rix'er, and it is to be regretted that its site is not marked by a monu- ment. The old fort has succumbed to the demands of industrial progress and has gi\'en place to ship 3'ards and car shops. Fort\'-five years later ( 1 6S3 ) William Penn wrote : "The cmuitry hath the ad\-antage of many creeks, or, rather, rivers, that run into the main river or bay ; some navigable for great ships, some for small craft. Those of most eminence are Christiana, Brandywine, Skilpot, Sculkill, any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy oi Kngland, there being from four to eight fathom of water." Van der Douck likewise relates " how, on the river lies, first, Miniiiua's Kihl, where the Swedes have built Fort Christiana, where the largest ships can load and unload at the shore. There is another place on the rix'er called Schulkihl, which is also navigable." Thus it may be seen that for more than two centuries the possibilities of this noble river liave been appreciated and, to some extent, utilized. The incessant pulsations of the tides, wliich ebb and flow along its Ijanks. hax'e producetl many changes in the i)hysical condition of the ri\-er, but the\- have not marred its lieauty nor destroyed its commerce. The picturesque canoes of the savage have given jilace to the majestic monarchs of the sea, and the paltry trade in skins has yielded to the commerce of the world. Now, upon the bosom of this great life stream, floats innumerable tons of coal, grain, oil, cattle and merchandise, products of the industry and thrift (jf this progressive commonwealth. As we view the years gone by the memory becomes crowded with the many tragic and momentous events which have marked her course. Her defensive works, her wars and her victories, the triumphant passage of her waters by the intrepid Washington, her blockades and her disasters are all of record, but it should not be forgotten that it was upon these historic waters, flowing close to the homes of the great inventors and philosophers, Franklin, Ritten- house, Fulton, F''itch, F.vans and others, where was made the first application of steam to navigation. 90 John B. L,ober, President. Dr. L. S Filbert, Vicc-Pieddenl. R. Y. Filbert, Seciefary and Treasurer. Win. G. Wilson, Manager. JlJES /\o/AICS /\A?fTIES GRAJES, Etc. ORDERS IN TOWN OR COUNiiir SOLICITED. Dealers aiul Mcclianics ill Tiles for Walls, I'loors, Ceilings, l-"ire-])laces, etc. Xrtislsaiid Mechanics in Mosaics- Roman, Venetian, Florentine. Dealers in Wood Mantels, Ojicn I-"ire-])laces, and (Iratcs and Cias Orates. Dealers and Mechanics in Imported Onianiental Marbles and Onyx. \Vc have onr extensive Show-rooms now open, .and extend a cordial invitation to .all to visit the same, feeliiis.; that .all wonld find soiiiethiiii; of interest. 1712 Market Street, Philadelphia. Standard Lead Works William L. Allen Mannfacttirer of Lead Pipe and Slieet Lead BLOCK XIX PIPE 1037 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. PIG AND BAR LEAD, BAR TIN, SOLDER, &c. yi COAL WHARVES AT I'ORT RICHMOND. On July 20, 1786, Jnu. Fitch pr(j])ellc-d a small skiff by steam, Imt it was not ven- siiccessftil, because of its limited size. The next year, however, on August 22, he moved a boat forty feet long by paddles, and in 1788 a steamboat ran from Philadelphia to Burlington, at the rate of four miles an hour. The following year the speed was doubled, and the boat made a mileage of nearly 3,000 miles during the season. Oliver Evans' stern-wheel boat was launched in 1804, and ran at the rate of sixteen miles an hour. This was followed in 1807-9 by the walking beam engine of Jno. C. Stephens, which ran between these points for four years, and in 181 7 the steamboat ^tna (owned by Jos. Bonaparte, ) ran on the route from Philadelphia to Baltimore, making six miles an hour against the tide. The first ocean steamship built was the side-wheeler Savannah, which sailed from Xew York March i, 1819, for Savannah which she reached in seven days. The steam was only used when becalmed, and when the wind was fliir the wheels were stowed away on deck to save fuel, which was wood. It is, therefore, seen that barely a century has elapsed since the application of steam to naviga- tion, and the enormous impetus given to commerce has increased correspondingly the requirements of our river. \'essels of nearly 700 feet length, 28 feet draft and over 10,000 tons burthen are now building, and a corresponding change is required in our terminal facilities that they may be handled with expedi- tion and safety. The possibilities of our waterways are apparently only fully appreciated by very few Americans, and the great economy of transportation in bulk by water is not utilized in this country as it is abroad. We have proliably relied too nuicli upon the munificence of our endowments by nature in our deep and broad ri\-ers and capacious lakes, and have not fulh- appreciated the intimate relations existing between land and water carriage. It is because of this close relation that Philadelphia was for so long a time the chief commercial city of the Western Hemisphere, as she was located at the point forthest inland which could be con- veniently reached by ocean vessels. But her glory departed when the Erie Canal placed the great northwest in t(mch with New York l)y water. Still, Philadelphia has latent adx'antages which only need to be realized by her enterprising citizens to bring her once more to the front as a connnercial centre, and these are on the eve of development. The rectification of her rivers by the Government has been in progress fijr several years, and already some of the north bars have been nuich improved by the construction of single dikes, while there is probably no river in the world where the aids to navigation are so abundant. Vessels may sail with perfect safety from the Capes to the port, for, as with the Israelites of old, there is the i)illar of fire to guide them b>- night and the cloud liy day, in the shajie of a continuous chain of range-lights so placed that the channels are covered at all times by a pencil of light or by beacons on range, while the dangerous points are indicated by red flashes or by buoys. Prior to 1S74, when the writer made the surve>- for the first range-lights to cross the Bulkhead Shoals, at and aliove Fort Delaware, there were but three liijht-houses on the ri\-er useful to deep draft / / /' , ' /■'. niA '^*Jj UWi^ ^:^, ^^H| ^i-' ■"ti^t.^. e5^ ii( ^^ -^ t./f' liKTWhHN lii:i. AWARE CAPKS IN A r.AT.K. vessels, but since then the system, as inaugurated by Gen. Reynolds, has been so rapidly extended that there are now over ten times that nu!nt)er in operation and no time need to be lost. The many scenic attractions of this route to the sea must be passed over for lack of sjjace, yet it must not be forgotten that abundant provision is made for the recreation so necessarv to the man who counts time by heart throbs : f(jr the woman who would s.^ek relief from the ceaseless toils of her daily routine, or for the child who needs the invigorating draught of ozone generated bv the magnificent steamers now pl>ing her waters. These excursion boats touch at all the jxiints of interest lietween Cape May and lioidentown, a distance of about one hundred and thirty miles. But aside from their local import these waterways possess a national and strategic \alue which our forefathers were not slow to recognize and use. The Delaware and Hudson Rivers are connected even yet by artificial routes at several ])oints, which are avenues of a large and cheap trafiic. The Delaware and Hudson Canal extends fiom Honesdale, I'a., near the mouth of Lackawaxen Creek, to Rondout Kill, on the Hudson River, a distance of one hundred and eight miles. The Morris Canal from Phillipsburg, opposite the mouth of the Lehigh River, to Jersey City, one hundred and two miles in length, and the Delaware and Raritan, from Bordentown, X. J., to New Brunswick, on the Raritan River, a distance of forty-four miles, while below the city and near the head of the bay, there is to be found the historic Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, extending for nearly fourteen miles acro.ss the peninsula separating these bays. This canal, of lo feet in depth, was opened for use in 1S29, and was an herctilean task at that date. Its capacity is now far too limited and its enlargement to the dimensions of a ship canal is seriously proposed. This, together with the route across New Jersey on a shorter line, would constitute an improvement of great commercial and strategic value, by forming an inner line of water communications for our new naval armament, and render the four hundred miles of our coast line containing the densest part of our population and the greatest wealth almost impregnable. The discovery of "stone" (anthracite) coal in Pennsylvania in 1792 was of no commercial importance until the interior waterways were constructed (in 1820-30) to bring it to market, and then it was that Philadelphia began the great manufacturing career which has placed her in the\-an of American cities. This system of canals comprises the Lehigh and Schuylkill Navigations, the Schuvlkill and Susquehanna, the PennsyUania Canals and the L'nion Canal, which, during the existence of the old Portage Railroad rendered it possible to ship by canal-boat from tide-water to Lake Erie and points farther west. Some of these canals are still doing a large and profitable business, while others have been purcnased by railroads and abandoned to destroj' their competition. WHETSTONE & COMPANY Qii Filbert Street, Philadelphia ^W^rought Iron Pipe FOR QAS. STEAM AND WATER. FITTINGS PLUMBERS' AND STEAH FITTERS' BRASS WORK, TOOLS, ETC. Telephone No. 3703 nrmr P^^i 505 CHEF^Ry* §TF\EEJ A RANGE SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO THE PLUMBING TRADE The Fidelity Range 4.8 KINDS AND STYLES THESE RANGES SUPPLIED WITH SHEET FLUES CAST MANTELS ECLIPSE COVERS END DRAFT FRONT CLEAN-OUTS j; ETC, ETC. WE ALSO MANUTACTURE THE CELEBRATED "Paragon Furnaces" and Combination Heaters SEND FOR CATALOGUE OF THESE GOODS ISAAC A. SHEPPARD k CO. PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE COLUniBUS SUPPLY CD. F. M. ABBOTT, Proprietor Iron Pipe and Fittings Steam, Gas | Plambing Goods ENGINEERS' and MILL SUPPLIES. BELTING and HOSE COLUMBUS, OHIO We want customers not Individual Orders Our rian is — To fill Orders correctly anil promptly, and to carry only High Grade C.oods. Then we make our price as low as these conditions will permit. Dayton Supply Co. Manufacturers and Dealers in Plumbers' Gas and Steam Fitters' Supplies DAYTON, OHIO 95 • OTHi '^ • *i-. >■ ■"T ■' * 3 ' 5 ' ' ■ -P: ■ 1' ;' (■■ !!ir III i^ Ul ^..3 -V Li - ' V Ul U - , ,'! ^ > ,i. J, • J * > - < , — ^ Z * The Lehigli Canal, extending from Matich Chunk to the Delaware River at Hasten, forty-six and three-quarter miles, was opened in July, 1S29, to convey coal from the quarry at Summit Hill, where a vein 25 feet thick covered the mountain, to tide-water. The Schuylkill Canal, between Fainnount and Mount Carbon, one luindred and eight miles, was opened for use in 1S25 and for many years delivered fuel in Philadelphia for eitjhtv cents a ton frei.o-ht, hut it has been leased for some years by the Reading Railroad Company, and the rates are about Jlr.oo liigher, while the canal does very little business. The Union Canal, connecting the Sus(|uehanna River at Middletown willi the Schuylkill two miles below Reading, was eighty-two miles long and cost about S2,ooo,ouilding supremacy of Philadelphia, in the new era, practically de\'olved upon them. How they performed this task, and how deep and broad they laid the foundations of the ship yard that bears their name, such shi])S as the New York, Columbia and Indiana and the new .\tlantic Liners mav testif)'. In the sixty-three years of its existence this ship yard has given to commerce and to the public service 2(iy ships, and now has 13 more in various stages of construction ; and in the twenty- three j'ears that have elapsed since the incorporating of a marine engine plant with the ship yard 141 engines of every description and capacity, up to about 10,000 indicated horse-power, ha\'e been its output. The tendency to augment the size and j)ower of steamships has now doubtless approached the maximum of commercial practicability, but it has already reacheil a stage at which the small shi]i yard, except for sjjccial construction such as tugs, yachts and river craft, is necessarily a thing of the past. 99 Standard Manufacturing Co. r ' B£GOOD /W wiLL^^^ dnd 5[o|d [ellins t)eof)Ie ^hov\ to ofBer fellows Tub being Jvb\ d5 good d!> d STANDARD Secret Societies. By Hon-. Richard Vaux and others Free Masonry is the most ancient of all hnnmn institution?, makes its own laws, maintains them and defends its principles and traditions, never permitting any inter- ference with its power and authority. There are 3S9 lodges of Free and Accepted Ancient York Masons in the Masonic Jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- vania. There are also 119 Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, and 7! Commanderies of Knights Templar, 32 societies of various kinds tinder title of "Scottish Right," f " Red Cross of Constantine " and " Nobles of the Mystic Shrine " also exist. It must be observed that it is only the lodges of Free and Accepted Masons that are Masonic lodies. The C.rand Lodge of Pennsylvania does not recognize as Masonic any but those will) are in the lodges of the symbolic degrees which the Blue Lodges represent. While it is ])elieved that in some, at least, of the other societies named free masons only can be made members, yet the\' are not in any way recognized br the ( '.rand Lodge as Masonic. Obviously this is not the place in which to explain the iL-asons which govern the relations between these bodies and the Masonic Grand Lodge cf Pennsylvania. The unalterable regulations of the Grand Lodge forbids the recog- nition as Masonic of any societies that are independent organizations, created without its aiithority. The membership of the order in the jurisdiction of I'ennsylvania is 46,200, and in the City of Philadelphia is 13,000. The number of properly organized bodies of PVee and Accepted Masons is as follows: 61 Plue Lodges, 12 Chapters, 7 Commanderies, i Consistor,-, 3 Mark Lodges, i Council, 6 School lileetings, and i ^'eteran Association. All of these, except five lodges which meet at Richmond Temple, Kensington, hold their sessions at the Masonic Temple. This magnificent edifice stands at the northeast corner of Proad and Filbert Streets, opposite the City Hall. It is the most costly and complete building for the purposes of any secret order upon the continent. It was commenced in 1S68 and completed five years later, the total outlay being $1,700,000. It contains ten rooms for lodge purposes, namely, the Ionic, I'lgypt'i'ii, Xorman, Renr'.issance, Corinthian, Oriental, Gothic assembly room and the northwest and southwest towers. These apartments are richU' decorated and furnished in cppropriate styles. The Masonic Temple is open to the general pulilic between the hours of 10 A. :\i. and 2 v. M. Thursdays, except upon holidays or in bad •weather. The patriotic attitude of Philadelphia during the days of the War of 1861-65, expressed in the large number of organizations recruited and sent from this city to the scene of conflict, in the great Sanitary Fair held in vast temporary structures erected in Logan Square, in the Cooper Shop Refreshment Saloon, where tens of thousands of soldiers in transit ^B HGYPTI/lN room, masonic iJCMPta. (jsetbe HYGIFNF^^^^Q^ '^^^^^ "^^Q^^^ MADE IN VITREOUS CHINA BY E. Comfort & Co. DEALERS IN Fine Plumbing and Sanitary Goods 921 AND 923 FILBERT STREET PHILADELPHIA Kclipse Sanitary Specialties The James Robertson Mfg. Co. Lead Traps, Lead Pipe, Sheet Lead, Enameled Bath Tubs, Sanitary Water Closets, Lavatories, Fine Brass Work, Etc. Supplies and Tools for Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters 30 HANOVER ST., BALTIMORE ST^Pc'i^l THIS TRADE MARK IS STAMPED ON ALL THESE GOODS. -E. Stebbins Manufacturing Co. PLUMBERS' FINE BRASS GOODS MANUFACTrRKRS Iiichuling STEBBINS SPECIAL Kxtra Ht-avy Conipi'essioii Work- All this work hears trade mark aiul guaranteed three y. Compression and Fuller Work. hton raleiil Self-cl-.>sin- Wuik, SILVER METAL PLUMBERS' GOODS. l''iiie Art Brass ami I'.vuny.v Casting's. Little Giant and Twin Comet Lawn Sprinklers. . . . Massaciiusetts Works: BRIGHTWOOD. MARYLAND POTTERY COMPANY'S Celebrated Vitreous China Sanitary Wares VITREOUS CHINA To be Genuine must be Stamped with their "Trademark," thus: % m Positively Guaranteed against Crazage BewareiOf Spurious Imitations Works: Baltimore, Maryland .,i-^:^.''-^.- ^-'^^•-^ t# tmi^ ■>» MASONIC TEMPI,E. i^i m\,,.. ^■^■'.■^^^^C:\^. !B S ^ S « .0 3> , r -^-^ *« *■=«» ~*^ l!! "S if "fi - t■^■ly,f/fey^^agfeM>^j^ -..MjS!^^ Ill i; \ K\V TEM I' Lie. UitoM) AM) ('ni:i;i!Y Strkets. rHii,\i)i;i,i'inA. )J(i feet on Bruad St. ; 1711 feet on Cherry .St. were given hearty meals, often served by ladies of leading- families, and in the unremitting;' effort of all classes to mitigate the liorrors of the campaign and hospital have endeared our people to the whole country, and it is natural tlial in such a comnuuiity the soldier order of the Grand Army of the Republic should flourish and attain a degree of success not elsewhere surpassed. There are now thirty-six posts in existence in Philadelphia, having a total membership of about 9,000, and embracing a large number of our most eminent citizens in every field of effort. Fraternity, charity and loyalty are constantly exemplified in the work of the order, whicli embraces the care of needy veterans and of those dependent upon them, the annual decoration of the graves of all soldiers of the war to be found in city cemeteries, and in maintaining the love of country and of the flag. The original posts of this department are Genl. George G. Meade Post i. and Post 2, both of which were chartered in October, 1S66. Posts 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, r2, i.S and n} were chartered before the close of the same year, and Posts 27, 46, 5c and 71 were chartered in 1S67. The city posts since organized are Nos. 11, 14, 15, 21, 24, 35, 55, 56, 63, 77, 80, 94, 103, 114, 115, i6o, 191, 228, 27,5, 312, 3?i4< 363 and 400. Many of the posts own a considerable amount of property in addition to valuable relics of the conflict. The most notable post hall is the fine home of Post 2, upon Twelfth Street above Wallace, which is open to comrades and visitors daily. Naval Post and Meade Post also liave elaborate meeting rooms, which are much visited. The Department Headquarters of Pennsylvania are located at 1025 Arch Street, where visiting comrades are always heartily welcomed. They are soon to be removed to Fifth and Chestnut Streets. As an outcome of the patriotic sentiment that dominates the G. A. R., the Sons of Veterans are organized in this city to an extent and perfection of excellence in discipline not attained elsewhere, the various camps participating in the services of Decoration Day, and in many ways working for the perpetuation of the flag and the I'nion of the States The Indejiendent Order of Odd Fellows has recently dedicated its magnificent new temple at Ihoad and Cherry Streets. The order is very strong and influential in this city. Tlie Order of United American Mechanics owns a large hall at h'onrth and George Streets, uptown, the National Headquarters being at 1341 Arch Street. The Jiuiior Order United American Mechanics has its office at Room ih, N. K. corner Seventh and Chestnut Streets. The Militarj- Order of the I, oval Legion includes many of our distinguished soldiers. A memorial building is to be erected as a home for the order. The present business headcjuarters are at 723 Walnut Street. The hall of the Knights of Pythias is at 1027 Race Street. This popular and showy order makes a fine display upon occasions of great public parades. The Improved Order of Red Men has its oflice at 928 Race Street. Among the great number of secret orders existing in this city the following are all well known, and, in the aggregate, include a vast number of our citizens : Independent Order of Good Templars, Cadets of Temperance, American Protestant Association, Sous of Temperance, Sons of America, Ancient Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of (lood Fellows, Knights of the Golden Kagle, Artizans Order of Mutual Protection, Ancient Order United Workmen, Grand Senate of Sparta, Benevolent Protective Order of F^lks, American Legion of Honor, Knights of Honor, Ancient and Illustrious Order Knights of Malta, Order Sons of St. George, National British-American Association, Ancient Order Knights of the Mystic Chain, Knights of Labor, 814 N. Broad; Legion of the Red Cross, Pennsylvania Society of the Cinciimati, Order of the American Union, Knights of St. John and Malta and Royal Arcanum ti"^ 105 \. ." "f '^ IP I r'rt r. F E ^ i-nossuPfiitsl P.P. aiSGEsrw&soNS • V'T&s^F- :.-i.3a&«..;?rs Baltimore Bell and Brass Works J. REGESTER & SONS Manufacturer?; of and Dealers in Stearp, V/atei* and PtUrpbei-S' S^PP^'SS ^.i^^l,,. - J-.-i^AAV.., 107 Me Eijl w"t®rasaw£_ !5,T0GS TOWsTi Tmii: smmui*" :^~^t €Ofniurj fullctin. !THE PHILADELPHIA R^S^^-^ ^Mm Call. oMnnin) ^IH^Isslla"™^^'''?' Philadelphia Journals and Journalists. Hv Charles H. Heustis, Editor T!ie /nrpiir^r. EDITOR McCLURK'S SANCTl'.M. The journals and jonrnalisls uf Philaclelplna have, from before the R(.n()hition, exerciswl a great influence in the affairs of the city, state and nation. In the crisis of political life, Philadelphia has been the source of public opinion, and the source of the money and the men that made the public o])inion of the city mighty in the nation. The power of the pen of Benjamin l''ranklin has been ably maintained by his successors in the journalistic life of the city, but in later times the power of the city's great journals has lieen exercised more impersonally. Nevertheless, behind the power of the great dailies with their tremendous circulation, the ])ublic descry the men who created their prosperity. The Xor/li .l»u-n'i,ni is distinguished as the oldest daily newspaper in the I'nited States, although the name has not been continuous. Its polished aggressive editor. Colonel Clayton McMichael, is also a graceful orator. He filled an imjiortant trust, Marshal of the District of Columbia, under the administration of I'residint Arllnu'. The J'hilctdclp/iia />ti/i()])uiar Salntdav Xii^ht. The Ik 1)1, an afternoon paper with a Sunday edition, covers a large territory, and especially reaches tlie working classes, lion boys are seen in e\ery quarter of the city, antl when the Jtiiii wagons are drawn up iu line on Seventh Street, at the hour of pxiblication, they form an extended imicessiou. The III 1)1 has always been especially strong in its sporting department. The iWr.'i-, published in the afternoon, is a bright and spirited sheet, aiming at ni)\iUies. The Herald enjoys the distinction of being the only Democratic afternoon ijujicr. The large Oerman population demands German publications, the largest of which is the Demokral , a newspa])er of large circulation. The Hebrews ha\e a weekly. With the exception of the Ledger, all the daily morning papers publish large Sunday editions. There are several exclusively Sunday journals, among them 7'aggarl's Times, which long has V)een suc- cessful in this field ; the Transeript, ])ublished by W. M. Bunn, ex-Governor to Idaho ; the World, the Despaleh, the Republic and the Crapliie. The Catholics are ably rejuesonted by the Catholic Ti)))es Weekly. One of the most remarkable ])ublications in the world is the Liidia^ Jlo)))C Journal, a monthh' whose phenomenal growth is elsewhere described. Nearly all the trades and professions and religious denominatit)ns have their organs. Among the trade journals may be mentioned the Manii/aclurer, the A'eal lislate. Reeo>-d and Builders' Guide, the Carriage A/onllilv, the Con/eclio)icrs' Journal, etc. The long established /.egal lutclligcncer is the recognized authority upon court matters by the jurists of the entire State. A special publication of note regularly issued is the American Newspaper Annual, issued by the firm of N. W. Ayer & Son, of which the 14th issue has just appeared. It is a complete record of the journalism of the time. There are many interesting facts showing that Philadelphia has been in the lead in all the evolu- tions of the newspaper business. The third journal published in the American colonies was the Philadelphia Weekly Metcury, issued by Andrew Bradford, Decendier 22, 1719. 77;t' (>/// was the first peiniy paper in America. It was issued in 1830, by Christopher Columbus Conwell. Philadelphia also gave to the country the first religious weekly and the first trade journal. The oldest American l;iw journal is also Philadelphian, and the oldest medical journal, with one exception. Cliristopher Sauer here published the first Bible ever issued in America, and issued the first religious magazine of any description. From those times to the present, the city has led in the revolutions of journalism. What blessings of liberty have come to the people through the brave struggles of succeeding journalists since Andrew Bradford was ordered to be arrested by the IVnnsyh'ania Assembly for publishing an editorial on liberty, written l)y Franklin, and successfully ma.le a stand for the constitutional rigiit of freely writing and speaking to the people. A Philadelphia paper was the first that ever published the debates of the American Congress. Codey' s I.adv Book is mentioned among a great number of such journals because it was the first of its class in America, and because its pages introduced Taylor, Holmes, Field, Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Marion Ilarland and other famous authors to the world. Edgar Allen Poe's poem, "The Bells," was written for and first appeared in a Philadelphia magazine. The Wo)nan's Adi-oeate was the first woman's paper, and was edited and printed here by "Aomeu. Our Theatres — Past and Present. Bv ('.. O. Shilhamkr, 'rhf fih/uirfr The dranui in America luul its beginning in Philadelphia, where a company t)f players was organized as early as 1749, and Philadelphia continued to hold the lead in theatrical development until the combination system made preliminary advertising an indispensable condition of stage production. Not only was the first theatrical com- jiany in America organized in Philadelphia — that under Murray and Keen, which appeared in New York as the Philadelphia Comedians in 1750 — l)Ut the first permanent playhARD- ■rj.*ni' m I'.mhwin I.oc mmhtin i-: Wi.kk: Wh erem w e are First. The first Law School in America opened here in 179c. The first American Flag was made at No. 239 Arch Street. The first American \'oluuteer Fire Company was organized here in 1736. The IMint of the United States was established here in 1792, by Act of Congress. The first Coins made in the United States were struck at No. 29 North Seventh Street. The first Medical School in the United States was inaugurated in Philadelphia, in 1751. The first Paper Mill built in America was erected upon the Wissahickon Creek, in i6go. The first Pianoforte manufactured in the United States was made here by John Behrent, in 1775. The Mariners' Quadrant was invented by Thomas Godfrey, in Germantown, Philadelphia, in 1730. The Philadelphia Water-works, the first of the kind in the country, were commenced May 2, 1799. The first Hospital in connection with a university in the United States was opened in P'liladelphia. The first Public Librarj' in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin, in 1731. The theory that lightning and electricity were the same was demonstrated by Franklin, in 1752. The first American Expedition for Arctic exploration left Philadelphia, March 4, 1753. The first Vessel moved by steam was navigated at Philadelphia by John Fitch, July 20, 1786. The first School of Anatomy in America was opened here by Dr. William Shippen, in 1762. The first Pleasure Grounds for the people, laid out in America, were dedicated here in 16S1. The first Experimental Railroad Track laid down in the United States was put dovv-n in a yard adjoining the Bull's Head Tavern, Philadelphia, in September, 1809. The American Philosophical Institution, the first institution devoted to science in America, was founded in this city by Benjamin Franklin, in 1743. The first Lightning Rod used in the world was set up by Benjamin Franklin, at his dwelling- house on the southeast corner of Second and Race Streets, in September, 1752. J 25 The "R-S" Flushing Rim Wash-out Closet Range Above Plate represents one of our Water Closet Ranges with Perforated Wash-down Pipe on front and back ot Range; Hardwood Seats, Cast Iron Partitions, and Automatic Mushing Tank. This style of Range Closet furnished either in Enameled or Painted Iron. Just the thing for all kinds of Public Buildings. Positive in action, requires little attention and guaranteed not to get out of order. We make a specialty of P^ine Sanitary Goods for the Plumbing trade, including Enameled Baths, Non-absor]:)ent China Water Closets, Marble Sinks, Showers, Laundry Tubs, Lavatories, etc. Plumbers and Architects desiring our new Catalogue, will please write for a copy. Rundle=Spence Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. The Mint of the United States at Philadelphia. By O. C. Bosbyshell, Ex-Slperintendent. The Mint of the United States was established by the Act of April ?, 1792, and has the distinction of having been provided for in the first building erected for public purposes under the Federal Government. This building was erected on Seventh Street, near Arch. The corner-stone was laid by David Rittenhouse, July -^i, 1792. The superstructure was of plain brick. It was occupied in the October following, and the Structure continued in use for about forty years. By the Act of May, 1829, tlie present site was purchased, and the corner stone oi the new Viuilding was laid on the Fourth of July following. It is located at the corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets, with a front of 150 feet on Chestnut and of 204 feet on Juniper Street. The structure is of white marble, of Grecian architecture, with two porticos, one on Chestnut Street and one on South Penn Square. It was finished and occupied in 1S33. As originally constructed the building was not fire-proof, liut has since been nuich altered interiorly and rendered practically fire-proof. I'Voni the organization of the Mint until 1S73 the Director of the Mint was located ni the Mint at Philadelphia, and was ciiarged with the supervision of the branch Mints and Assay Offices of the United States. By the Act of 1873 a Bureau of the Mint was created and located in the Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. The Director supervises the work of the Mint and Assay Offices, and the Coinage Mints, as well as the Assay Offices at New York, are by the same act administered by superintendents. The Mint has four operative officers : Assayer, Melter and Refiner, Coiner, and Engraver. All dies for the several branch mints are made at the Philadelphia Mint, and all minor coinage is also executed there. The Mint is open to the public from 9 a. m. to 1 2 noon of every working day, except during the annual settlement and while the machinery is shut down for repairs. The visitors are shown the processes from the fine bars to the coinage presses, and are attended by intelligent ushers, who give brief explanations of the various processes. The museum of rare coins and curios, together with a large and valuable collection of medals frotn all jiarts of the world, is one of the most interesting points. The Troy pou::d, which is the unit of weight in all of the Mints and Assay Offices of the United States, is kept in a strong vault at the Philadelphia Mint, and annually a commission is appointed by the President to conduct the annual assay and try the weights used in the Mints by the Troy pound standard. This weight is carefulh- insulated and preser\'ed against o.xidation. The treasure vaults and the ivhole Mint building are under constant guard day and night. The watch is noted on automatic registers every quarter hour. ^ The increased demands made upon tlie facilities of the Philadelphia ^p- much in excess of the space and machinery' at command, that the taken steps to erect a great permanent mint, which ^x^^^fe~i5s>, it is expected will be located upon Broad Street above Cherry, and will prove another notable addi- tion to local architecture. progress of the Mint became so government has Philadelphia in Finance. Bv Alfred N. Chandler. Financially speaking, no money centre in our whole continent possesses a richer, more interesting history, or more influential, magnificent and prosperous iiibtitu- tions than does the City of Philadelphia. It was here that Robert Morris origi- nated the Pennsylvania Bank in 1780, the first public bank of the United States, through which what little sound finance there was connected with our Revolution was conducted. This bank was discon'.inued in 1784. It was here that the same eminent financier organized the Bank of North America in 1781, which became tlie financial agent of the American Government, under the Articles of Confeder- atiun inmiediately after the close of the Revolution, and whicli, still flourishing, proudly bears to-day the title of the oldest extant bank in America. It was in tliis city that the first American Stock Ivxehange was instituted in the latter part of the last centur_v, where tlie stocks of tlie city banks, together with those of the neighboring turnpikes and canals, soon came to be as eagerly and as speculative!}- dealt in as are to-day " Reading" or "Traction" shares. It was here also that those two banks which became so noted in the world's history of finance, the "First" and "Second" Banks of the United States, were chartered by the National Government. These were the banks that, after the terrible financial crash of 1837, led in the movement fur the resumption of specie payments. It was from the members of this pioneer Stock Exchange that the Committee on Organization of the New York Stock Exchange was sent over from New York to Philadelphia, still in the good old stage coaching days of a century ago, for the purpose of inves- tigating the waj'S of stock exchange dealing, learned, e\'en better in the end than their preceptors, the arts and intricacies of manipulation of the stock market. It was, too, in Philadelphia that the Stock Exchange Clearing House methods were first put into actual practice in 187c, and which methods, after investigation twenty years later by committees of the Boston and New York Stock Exchanges, were approved and adopted by those exchanges. In a word it is to Pliiladelphia we must look to find not merely the political and commercial, but likewise the financial capital of tlie United States during the early history of the country. Nor is there any reason to doubt that it would have maintained its early ascendency but for the vast advantage given New York City by superior seaport facilities, and even more by the construction of the Erie Canal whicli diverted the whole trade of the great and growing northwest down the Hudson through that state's fine seaport; and yet curiously enough when in 1 78 1-2 tlie stock subscriptions for the building of what ultimately became the Erie and the Schuylkill Canals were thrown open, in New York and Philadelphia respectively, the stock of the latter was subscribed six times over almost immediately, while that of the former lagged badly and was not taken up for many months. Tiie building of the two canals, however, was completed at last, and marked the divergence which was thereafter to characterize tlie devel- opment of the two neighboring cities. Henceforth the grain of the West was to render New York the commercial, as the coal of the Alleghenies was to create in Philadelphia, the manufacturing capital of the Western Hemisphere. Nor in the second great crisis of our national life, has the country seen Philadelphia grudging of its financial support. Philadelphia bankers led the way in the movement to render all possible monetary aid to the Government at Washington in those first dark hours of 1S61, when 12S 'Original Building (^ tlie Bauk of Kurth America REPRESENTATIVES OF THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. MIUUS AT BRIDGE PORT.CONN . [gg^^Sg^M AN SfLVER ,WlRE,RlVET S, ,..sBrass& CopperTubeS: SONlE'rHING NEW Patent Water Closet Pull Fig. 1.— Temple's Patent Pull Fig, 3.— New Style, Showing Temple's Patent Pull This Tiill is NDiiu thing which riviml)crs have long wanted. It docs nwny with the old style, unsightly niul danRling Pnll. It niakts a neat ap|)carancu on Tile or Hardwood Wainscoting. ChiUlicn cannot interfere with it. I'nll cannot be lost or removed ; more dnrahle and satisfactory than any other kind of I'nll. and not liable to get out of order. In ordering, please state if yoii want Pnlls for plaster partition, or lor stone or brick \\ all. Price, inclnrling two nickel-plated plates as shown in cut. less pipe and chain, $2.00. Discount. J antes W. T^eniple ralenlcc and Sole Maiiufaclurcr 1012 Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. FOR S.M.l-: .\T I'l.l'lIBERS' Sri'I'I.V IIorSKS \ liiurc FROELICH BROTHERS PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES Sanitary Goods a Specialty WROUGHT IRON PIPE, FITTINGS AND TOOLS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION 142 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia 129 the Federal Government, bereft of friends, seemed fated to fall a prey to treachery within its very cou.icil walls. And it is now a part of history's record that the man most instrumental in placing the nation's bonds abroad and at home was Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian. Curiously enough, too, it was reserved for Philadelphia capitalists to be the first to see and take advantage of the benefits proffered by the National Banking Law of 1863, with the result of the organization of the present First National Bank of Philadelphia, the first one in the country formed under the provisions of this law. Nor is it to be forgotten that it was largely Philadelphia capital which built tlie Northern Pacific Railroad, the first trans-continental railroad constructed by private capital. Furnishing the surrounding country, far and wide as it does, with so many of the necessaries of civilized existence, Philadelphia has come to enjoy the advantage of being one of the main centres towards which constantly flows the nation's ready money, nor is it to be wondered at that not only Philadelphia's manufactures, but its dollars should find their way back into neighboring towns or distant boroughs in the altered form of investment loans, and that, in no way more frequently or markedly than in the immense proportion of capital invested by Philadelphians in street railway systems, both at home and abroad. But the distinguishing feature of Philadelphia's financial life, at the present day, is its abundance of gjeat Trust Companies, legitimate successors of the old state banks, without the latter 's dangerous privileges, yet endowed with many more functions and governed far more conservatively and safely than were most of those antebellum institutions. Of the latter sort indeed there are very few now left in Pennsjdvania, It was at one time a standing complaint against these Trust Companies that they were run on too old-fashioned a plan, a fault gradually being now eliminated as the younger and more progressive element takes the place of its slower father. Two features distinguish these corporations again from the City's National Banks — since they pay interest on running deposits, and lend money for long periods mainly either on marketal)le collaterals or land mortgages. Their ability to lend, and at a very low rate of interest (in normal times about as low as anywhere in the world outside of London), is due, in large measure, to the custom of paying interest on deposits, which, as in Scotland, tends to concen- trate and make available the loanable capital of over a million people, in the aggregate many millions of dollars. One of the results of this system is the ability to furnish almost any amount of money at short notice, upon good collateral, at a rate of interest varying from 3 to 6 per cent. The acquisition of homes by the hundreds of thousands of workingmen of the city has been facilitated by another Philadelphia financial institution, the Building and Loan Associations, the influence of which upon the municipality's life and finance, can hardly be over-estimated, furnishing as these dwellings in large numbers do, direct or indirect opportunities for the secure investment of many millions of dollars every year. More recently, however, many of the Trust Companies have adopted tlie Building Associations' method of lending money, and these Associations are not as numerous as they once were. Another financial branch greatly aided by the presence of such a multitude of little homes is that of Lisurance. The Trust Companies are not alone in their use of the system of allowing interest on deposits Many of our private bankers employ the same metliod of securing large deposits which enables them to accommodate clients, or hold and float outside securities — the last being rendered all the easier by the great number of smaller investors living in and about Philadelphia and wishing to lay out their money at once safely and remuneratively. The presence of these it is (and in far greater measure than the tniinitiated would imagine) that makes Philadelphia so excellent a place for the floating of considerable l)locks of securities, as not only our Western and Southern but as our Eastern and Northern friends, too, are coming better and better to know and appreciate. But, to conclude, perhaps, the best epitome of the character of Philadelphia's financial life may be seen by looking back, to regard for a moment the course and bearing of its financial corporations — Banks, Trust Companies, Insurance institutions as well as g^eat manufacturing enterprises and commer- cial houses during the recent panic of 1893. It was, without doubt, nothing but the noble aid afforded at once by the banks to their patrons, and by depositors to their banks, that sustained the fabric of credit uushattered in this city, when banks and business houses, throughout the country, were tottering and 130 collapsing No banks and but few firms had to close their doors in Philadelphia, thanks to the superbly well prepared condition of the latter's financial corporations, and not less to the well merited trust reposed in these by all classes of the business community — surely the highest ol tributes to the fundamental soundness of Philadelphian finance. The following List comprises the Joint Stock Financial Companies of the City, the Names of the Officers and Directors, and the unnouncements of many of these will be found upon the pages immediately following, or in our advertising space. BANKS f-^:.-i Surplus and ci,-,r« Established Ti... ^^^nzU ^'^^l^it^'' "p" 17S1 Bank of North America ;?!, 000,000 51,613,723... fioo 1876 Centennial National 300,000 233.335 i"° 1865 Central National 750,000 1,702,721 100 1887 Chestnut Street National 500,000 186,729 100 1855 City National 400,000 517.729 5o 1810 Commercial National S 10, 000 257,561 50 1855 Consolidation National 300,000 266,012 30 1858 Corn Kxchangc National 500,000 378.243 50 1864 Eighth National 275,000 544.562 too 1807 Fanners' and Mechanics' National 2,000,000 724.99' '00 1863 First National 1,000,000 6So,oii 100 1886 Fourth Street National 1,500,000 1,094,410 100 1832 Girard National 1,000,000 1,308,727 40 1883 Independence National 500.000 226,363 100 1826 Kensington National 250,000 267,210 50 1833 Manufacturers' National 750,000 208,721 100 Mauayunk National 200,000 166,997 100 1857 Market Street National 600,000 217,248 100 Merchants' Exchange 100,000 1S14 Mechanics' National Soo.ooo >9i.275 100 1880 Merchants' National l,ooo,o^ 18S6 . . . City Trust, S. D. and Surety Co. of Phila 500,000 266,000 100 1886 . . . Columbia Avenue S. F., S. D. and Trust 400,000 95.570 100 18S6 . . . Commonwealth Title Insurance 500,000 289,636 50 1889 ... Equitable Trust Co 1,000,000 121,126 100 50 1866 . . . Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Co 2,000,000 2,634,330 100 1S8S . .. Finance Co. of Pennsylvania 5,000,000 1,329,378 100 1888 . . . Frankford Real Estate and Safe Deposit 50,000 5,515 50 1886 , . . German-American Title and Trust Co 500,000 104,158 50 1S89 . . . Gerniantown Real Estate, Deposit and Trust 300,000 35. §43 100 1836 . . . Girard Life and Trust 1,000,000 2,342,308 100 1S73 . . . Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Co 1,000,000 902,744 100 1889 . . . Industrial Trust, Title and Surety 350,000 92.555 1887 ... Integrity Title and Safe;jDeposit 375iOoo 104,244 50 1885 . .. Land Title and Trust 1,000,000 144.649 1°° 1S89 .. . Manayunk Trust 250,000 14,686 25 12]4 1SS9 . . . Merchants Trust 500,000 56.231- 25 I2>^ 1886 . . . Mortgage Trust of Pennsylvania 500,000 260,502 1S71 ... Northern Saving Fund, Safe Deposit and Trust 500,000 274,451 50 1812 . . . Penna. Co. for Ins. on Lives and Grtg. Annuities 2,000,000 2,281,019 100 . . . Pennsylvania Warehouse and Safe Deposit 500,000 18S6 ... Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Co 957. 250 258,754 100 1869 . . . Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance 1,000,000 2,215,371 100 iS'15 ... Provident Life and Trust Co 1,000,000 2,059,704 100 1870 . . . Real Estate Investment Co. of Philadelphia 374.493 5 4'^ 1876 ... Real Estate Title Insurance 1,000,000 17^,559 100 1885 . . . Real Estate Trust 500,000 171.404 5° 1889 . . . Security Trust 500,000 1886 . . . Solicitors Loan and Trust Co 500,000 297,086 50 1892 . . . Tacony Saving Fund and Trust 150,000 2,502. 100 85 1890 . . . Tradesmens Trust and Saving Fund 125,000 36,523 50 25 1889 . . . Trust Co. of North America 1,000,000 110,927 25 I2>^ 1868 . . . United Security Life Ins. and Trust Co. of Pa 1,000,000 361,659 100 1882 ... Union Trust 1,000,000 106,848 100 1891 . . . West End Trust and Safe Deposit 300,000 39.357 5° 1889 .. . West Philadelphia Title and Trust 250,000 45.695 AOQREQATE BANKING CAPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA AND PENNSYLVANIA. '^9.5 Institutions Capital Surplus Deposits Dividends Philadelphia 90 153.539 729 f4i.557.998 $242,293,597 $2,289,458 Pennsylvania t 544 64,536,052 38,598,901 189,634,004 3,892,770 Total 634 $118,075,781 $80,156,899 $431,927,601 $6,182,228 * Full paid except when otherwise noted, t Outside of Philadelphia. 132 Sports of All Sorts. By Horace S. Fogel, Sportiniv F,i>ttor PuOlic Ledger. Philadelphia has lately become an important factor in the world of athletics ; with nineteen regularly organized clubs, with an aggregate membership of 7,500, and club property worth $250,000, she is able to demand recognition on the field, track and water in every branch of sport. The history of local athletics on a large scale, irrespecti\-e of rowing, dates back to June, 18.S0, when the Schuylkill Navy gave its first open games at the Young America Cricket Grounds, at Stenton. The success of this first venture, and the subsequent meeting given in Fairmount Park, in November, 18S1, led to the formation of what is now known as the Athletic Club Schuylkill Navy, which has risen to the proud distinction of being the leading athletic club in this city. John I'". Huneker may be justly called the father of the organization, as it was through liis proposition to form an atldetic club that at a subsequent meeting held August 19, 1S.S4, the A. C. S. N. was finallv launched. In November, 1SS4, the new club pro- cared (juarters at 1913 Market Street, and after being substantially fitted up they were formally opened on Thanksgiving Eve of that. year. The phenomenal growth of the club led to the erection of the present imposing building at 1626-28 Arch Street. After some vicissitudes the club has been placed upon a fiiirl}- good footing financially, and with a member- ship of 1,200 e.xerts a great influence upon the athletic affairs of the com- munity. In athletics, par- ticularly in three branches, the organ- ization occupies a pos- ition pre-eminent in the athletic world, namely, boxing, wrest- ling and pole vault- ing; in the first- named through the efforts of the instiuc- UNUINH B.^RGE CLUB. QUAKER CITY BARGE CLUE tor, Professor Robert Colbert, such ama- teur experts with the gloves like William H. Horton, William H. Rocap and Harry Pritner were devel- oped . To Professor William H. Coupe belongs the credit of bringing to the front such famous wrestlers like Dr. J. K. Schell, Herman Wolff, Joseph B Reilly and George W. Hoskins. Physi- cal Director Frank Henderson prides himself upon the fact that during the past ten years he has developed quite a number of good runners and jumpers, not a few of whom have won local fame; but in W. S. Rodenbough the club has a pole vaulter who can defeat the world, he being the present world's record holder in this branch of sport. The club has always maintained a high standard in its athletic department, and in 1890 possessed a team of amateur boxers and. wrestlers who had not only won the championships of America twice in .succession, but stood ready and willing to uphold the athletic reputation of the Quaker City in these two branches of sport against the entire world. Among other local organizations that have accomplished considerable in amateur athletics may be mentioned the Athletic Department Y. M. C. A., Caledonian Club, National Swimming Club, American Athletic Association, Pennsylvania Railroad Athletic Association, Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Athletic Association, Bank Clerks' Athletic Association and the half-a-dozen or more German societies around town affiliated witli the American Turnerbund. ROWING. Philadelphia occupies the first place among the cities of this country in amateur rowing. Tlie Schuylkill Navy in organization, equipment, value of club property and natural advantages has no peer. It was formed early in the fifties, and in 1853 began its career as a racing organization. Through the courtesy of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, a plot of ground on the east bank of the Schuylkill, between the waterworks and Girard Avenue bridge, was set apart for the amateur oarsmen; here they began to build, and to-day twelve handsome club houses grace the river bank, adding much to the scenic effect of the Park in that vicinity. At present, with a membership of twelve clubs, owning over 300 boats, valued at $45,000, with club property valued considerably over $100,000, and an aggregate membership of 1,400, it is conceded to be the leading rowing organization of America. Eight-oared shell racing received its first impetus upon the waters of the Schuylkill. In sculling, double shell and four- oared shell rowing, individuals and crews from Philadelphia have frequently won the ••o^.^^^^ ^-c championship. The Vesper Club has car- ried off the honors in sculling with l{d\vin Hedley, George W. \'an \'Iiet, John Y. Parke and George W. Megowen, and at CIIAMrlON nOUBI.E. Established 185 Telephone 2206 ' Slate AND WOOD Mantels Grates, Registers, Etc. Joseph S. Miller STEAM SLATE and SOAPSTONE WORKS OFFICE and WAREKOOMS 1208 AND 1210 Ridge Avenue ^fZ. ^,.. ILLLi; Importers of Tiling for Floors Wstibules, Bath Rooms, Hearths. Etc. -Philadelphia The Dececo Company Plimili Spiallies and PiumHeis' Supplies. Catalogue to the Trade on Application. 427 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 12 High St., Newport, R. I. 146 High St., Boston, Mass. 175 Lake St., Chicago, III. Farnan Brass "Works Cleveland, Ohio MANUIACTURERS OF High Grade Stop Cocks All our Stops are tested at 200 pounds. Thoroughly ground in. Hade of durable metal. The Smith & Egge Mfg. Co., Bridgeport, Conn. PLUMBERS' CHAIN, on Reels or in Boxes or in lengths, lor Basin, Bath Tub or Closet use. Eight Hooks, Split Links, Closet Pulls, Pipe Straps, Take=Ups, etc. "Sanitary Chain" does not kink or COLLECT DIRT, and keeps its shape. The best and cheapest chain in the market. Made only by the SMITH & EGGE MFG. CO. 135 New Suburban Sections. SPRINCl-'IKI.II AVKNUK, WKST I'HI I.AHHI.l'H lA. \ ^L_ A ^JJPI " / ■^'ii\ \ ^ l^i^l Hh 1^^ itt ■a M ■H IB^^TmH i^e^^ ^^^^^" -^ -' ■i^.aa& j (IPSAl, STRKKT, C.KRMANTllWN. the present time possesses the champion doiible scull crew of the world in George \V. \'an \'liet and George W. Megowen. In four-oared shell racing, the Fairmount Club quartette has for several years past, at least made the crack ciews of the United States and Canada take their wash. The Centennial Regatta, over tlie national course on the Schuylkill River in 1876, had much to do with bringing Philadelpliia into prom- inence as a rowing centre, and since that time the Schuylkill Navy has worthily upheld the Quaker City's prestige in aquatic sport. The organizations composing the Schuylkill Navj- at this time are the A'esper Boat Club, Malta Boat Club, Phila- delphia Barge Club, Pennsylvania Barge Club, Crescent Boat Club, West Philadelphia Boat Club, lona Boat Club, Undine Barge Club, University Barge Club, College Boat Club, Quaker City Boat Club and Bachelors Barge Club. The Fairmount Rowing A.ssociaticn, located above the dam, and the American Rowing Association, below the dam, are not connected with the Schuylkill Xavy. The former came into notice in 1886, by winning the four-oared and oared shell championships of America. The Vesper Club won the eight-oared championship in YACHTING. ^^ eight- 1887. There are in the vicinity of Philadelphia five yacht clul)s : the Philadelphia, Corinthian, South- •wark, Shackamaxon and Cooper's Point. In the Philadelphia there are 125 members ; this number is continually increasing ; i schooner, 16 sloops, 3 cutters, i yawl, 3 open cats and 13 steamers. The value of the club property at Tinicum Station is $25,000 ; that of the property in Philadelphia, $5,000, and the value of the yachts is placed at $300,000. The Corinthian Club has its staticm at Essington, adjoining that of the Philadelphia, and therein are 143 members. In the fleet there are schooners, 8 ; sloops, cutters and yawls, 27 : open boats, 8; steamers and launches, 15. The value of the schooners is estimated at $55,000 ; the sloops, cutters and yawls, $40,000 ; the open boats, $3,000, and the steamers, $375 000. The club property is estimated at $6,000. At Silver Lake, in the lower portion of the city, the Southwark Club has its headquarters. The fleet is made up mostly of " tuck-ups " and "duckers," small open craft peculiar to the Delaware. The club has over 200 members, and the club and boat property is estimated at $10,000. The Shackamaxon Club is akin to the Southwark in the character of its craft It has 108 mem- bers, and 30 boats valued at $6,000. The Cooper's Point Club, with headquarters at Camden, has 60 members, 11 sloops, 31 open boats and 2 launches. The club and yacht property is valued at $12,000. BASE BALL. If Philadelphia is not the base ball centre of the world, it is at least the home of base ball players. The Quaker City has furnished more good talent for America's national game than all the other leading cities combined. During the past ten or twelve years every major league club had on its team from one to half a dozen players born, raised and developed in this city, while the minor league teams throughout the country were made up principally of Philadelphians. For ten years, during the period in which the National League and American Association were rival organizations, Philadelphia was the only city that would support two major league clubs, and for that reason, if for no other, earned the title of best base ball city in the world. Not only did Philadelphia 137 liberally- support two big professional cln1)s, but the statistics show that tlie games in fuis city attracted larger crowds than those played in any of tlie other cities. Philadelphia could always boast of having more amateur clubs than any other half a dozen cities combined. During the past ten years the average number of amateur organizations in this city was about 200 each year. In the matter of grounds, Philadelphia can boast of having the best ball park in the world. The grounds of the Philadelphia Ball Club, at Broad and Huntingdon Streets, are a model after which other clubs have been copying, but none have as large and imposing a grand stand, and as fine appoint- ment.s. It is claimed that the pavilion, stands, fences, etc., at this ground alone cost $80,000 to erect. GROUNDS OF THH GHRMANTOWN CRICKET Cl.l H, .MANHEIM. PHIL.^DEI.PHIA. CKICKKT. Philadelphia is the home of cricket in America. No other liranch of sport is so popular with Philadelphia's Four Hundred as England's national game, and every important match invariably attracts from 2,000 to 20,000 of the Quaker City's best people, including most of its society leaders, to the grounds where the contest is scheduled to take place. The average daily attendance at an international match in this city is 10,000. In the matter of playing the game, Philadelphia is probably half a century in advance of all the other American cities. In New York, Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Detroit and Chicago, the only other cities in this country wliich have regularly organized cricket clubs, the game is still in its infancy and the combined playing strength of those six cities would not compare with the best team Phila- delphia can put in the field. Indeed, the first eleven of any of Philadelphia's four or five leading clubs can vanquish the best team picked from the rest of the country. The three leading clubs in Philadel- phia are the Germantown, Merion and Bel- mont. The former was organized in 1S58, and has its headquarters at Queen Lane Station, Germantown. It has the finest e([uipped grounds in America, the value of its property being estimated at nearly CLUD HOUSE, MANHEIM. CLUB HOUSE BELMONT CRICKET CI/JB, 4gTH STREET STATION'. $300,000. The club lias a nieiubership of 2,000, including about 100 active cricketers, and in the matter of playing strength is the leading cricketing organization in this country. The Merion Club was organized in 1865, and its grounds are located at Haverford College. It has a membership of 1,000 and property valued at $200,000. The Belmont has about the same number of members and property valued at the same figure. Its grounds are located at Forty-ninth Street Station, West Philadel- phia. The date of organization of this club is 1872. The oldest clnb is the Philadelphia, which has been in existence since 1840. This club has a membership of 600, and makes its home at Wissahickon Heights. The other leading clubs are : Tioga, organized in 1883 ; membership, 500 ; location of grounds, Westmoreland. Haverford College, organized in 1866; membership, 100; location of grounds, Haver- ford College. North End, organized in 1 888 ; men bership, 150 ; location of grounds, Stenton. Belfield, organized in 1889 ; member- ship, 500; location of grounds, Germantown. Pennsylvania Railroad, or- ganized in 1886 ; member- ship, 200; location o' grounds, Fifty-second Stree'. Station. Oakland, organ ized in 1890; menibershi]> 150; location of ground- Frank ford. St. Davids, 01 ganized in 1892 : member- ship, 200; location of grounds, St. Davids. Excel- sior, organized 1891 ; membership, 100 ; lo- cation of grounds, Ger- mantown. The West Chester Club, of West Chester, with a mem- bership of 400, and the Riverton, of Riverton, with 100 members, both flourishing clubs, PHILADELPHIA CRICKET CLUB. ^fe^--^^-_d! SBHSIiillBil ifr-^ might also be consid- ered Philadelphia or- ganizations, as most of their active mem- bers are in business in this city but residents , of these two suburban I towns. I.AWX TENNIS. The game of lawn tennis is chiefly fost- ered by the cricket clubs, there being but one distnictively lawn tennis organization of any prominence in this city. The Belfield Club, at Thorpe's Lane, Germantown, was organized principally for the practice of this game, although its large membership, recruited from prominent Germantown families, is provided with other means of diversion as well. Every local cricket, as well as several of the athletic clubs, have tennis courts on their grounds, and among their members are some very expert racquet wielders. FOOT BALL. Philadelphia can boast of more foot ball clubs than any other city. She has a great college team in the University of Pennsylvania eleven, and there are some forty academies and schools in the city, each of which has a foot ball team. About four years ago the English association game was introduced in this city, and in one year's time a dnzen clubs were organized to play that game. A league was formed to play a series of games annually for the championship, and that body is now in a most flourishing condition. In order to encourage this sport Mr. George W. Childs presented a valuable cup to the league, which is knowr. as the Pennsylvania Association Foot Ball Union, three years ago, aad the annual competition for this trophy attracts no little attention. The games are generally played during the months of October, November, December, January, February, March and April, and are patronized to a large extent, principally by the mill hands and artisans in the northern and northwestern sections of the city. TIIIC R.\CE TR.\CK. Horse racing in Philadelphia does not flourish as in other cities, because the State laws do not permit pool selling or betting in any form. If betting were allowed, that liranch of sport would boom as well as in any other city. No running meetings are held in this cit}' because they would be a failure, as no jockey club can exist anywhere unless permitted to sell pools. Trotting races were formerly very liberally patronized in Philadelphia, but the sport died out during the seventies, and for a numl.>er (jf years no meetings were held here. About five years ago the Philadelphia and Belmont Driving Clubs were reorganized on a .sound financial basis, and since then a number of meetings have been held on both tracks each year. Each club is capitalized at wsiMm ^-^lj,/: THH COfNTRV CI.ru. 141 PNEV/AATIC £LP3ET C.H.MUCKEhjHIRN DETROIT MICh„rf KSTABLISUKD. 1S55. L.Wolff Manufacturing: Co. 93 General Offices ^--^ f • Show Rooms West Lake Street dllCa.g'O 1533 Blake Street, Denuer 91 Dearborn Street 11 JM. Washington Avenue, ]Vllnneapolls AIANIIFACTURERS OF Plumbing Goods \Vc lire iKiw ni.imifaciiuiiir; pjiainclcd Iioii B.itlis, all •,;i/cs, in olil style baths, alsci all si/cs in miy oicn iiCiC i/i:\!!;//s, and I'lnniliers' Knaniclcd Ware Wolff's Enameled Iron Baths i>fe\ery description. Tlicsc,tii.t;cther\vitlisaniiilrs.>fafullline()f I'lnml.inL; tioods, niav lie seen at "nr Show Rcninis in Denxor, Minneapcilis and Chicajjo. 93. to ur West Lake Street Factories 754.794 Fulton Street 804-852 Carroll Avenue CHICAGO 837-851 Carroll Avenue Cycling in Philadelphia. Arthur H. MacOvvkn. When the history of cyclins^ in America comes to be written, it will be found that Philadelphia has occupied, from the itKe])tion of the recreation in this country, a leading position as a centre of what is now so popular a pastime. The Philadelphia and Penn- sylvania Bicycle Clulis, of Philadelphia, are among the oldest of such organizations in the country ; and besides these well-known clubs there are others later born, such as the Century Wheelmen, South luid Wheelmen, Park Avenue Wheelmen, Quaker City Wheelmen, etc., etc., to the number of half a hundred, the mere mentioning of whose names and date of foundation, etc., woidd make an ;vrticle as long as this one. Cieograi)hicallv speaking, Philadelphia is well situated for the enjoyment by its citizens of the pastime of cycling. It lies in a vast ri\'er basin, the watershed of which is reached by grades which, comparati\'elv speaking, are wonderfully gentle, while giving most exceptional o])portunities in the way of beautiful scenic effects. Witness the near by glories of the Schuylkill \'alley, with its romantic Wissahii-kon adjunct, the Chester and White Marsh ^'alleys, and the farther renio\'ed but easily reached l)eauties of the historic Brandywine River on one si;le atid the grand scenery of the Delaware Water C.ap on the other. Until recently, extreme difficulty was experienced by cyclers in the way of getting out of the immense wilderness of brick and mortar and cobble stone pavements known as Philadelphia ; but, within the past decade, both in the city proi)er and throughout the beautiful northwestern and more particularly the western suburban territory, inipro\'ed pa\'ements and road surfaces have been laid, and now minister to the comfort of the cycler. Such beauty spots as the Ciermantcnvn and Chestnut Hill districts, P'ort Washington, \"alley Forge, the old camping ground of Washington, Willow (irove, Norristown, Bryn Mawr, Wayne, Devon, Paoli, West Chester, Downingtown, and a host of small towns and handets, some of historic and some of present day interest, can now be readied most comfortably, and are patronized by an ever increasing army of c>-clers. Before the creation of the fine net-work of roads that now e.xist, there was, outside of the fine drives in Fainuount Park, but one really good macadamized road in tlie vicinity of the city. That road was Lancaster Pike, the old highway to the West, and its name, in consequence of the absence of any competitor in the way of macadam surface, became almost proverbial in the early history of cycling in this country. Philadelphia and Boston were the two cities w here the bicycle first took firm hold in the United States, and where the main battles were fought against public prejudice and municipal shackles. The Reservoir Dri\-e, of Boston, and the Lancaster Pike, of Philadelphia, are household words in the lexicon of American cycling, and though there are now round the " Quaker City " many better road surfaces than that of Lancaster Pike, the old-time riders have an affectionate regard iJr the onh' road over which at one time the}' could push the famous old high bicycle that preceded the modern " safety " in popular fa\or. As showing the stable condition of the recreation of cycling in Philadelphia, it is interesting to note that the Philadelphia Bicycle Club and the Pennsylvania Bicycle Club each erected their own club houses, and each organization is credited with the ownership of real estate to the value of ^^25,000 to Si;,o,ooo. Both these organizations, as well as a number of the later formed clubs, are incoqjorated under the laws of the State. 143 Our Citizen Soldiery. Major T. T. Brazer ; Armon', The several commands of State troops, com- posed of Philadelphians, are included in the First Brigatle, N. G. P., of which Brigadier-General John W. Schall is commander. They include the follow- uii, organizations : First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, Captain Joseph Lapsley Wilson : Armory upon Twenty-first Street below Market. Battery A, Artillery, six guns and two Gatlings, Captain Maurice C. Stafford ; Armory, P'orty-first Street and Mantua Avenue. State Fencibles Battalion, Infantry, four companies, Broad Street below Race. First Regiment, Infantry, ten companies. Colonel Wendell P. Bcnvman ; Armory, Broad and Callowhill Streets. Second Regiment, Infantry, ten companies, Colonel John Biddle Porter; jVrmory, 51S Race Street. Third Regiment, Infantry, eight companies. Colonel Edward deV. MorrcU ; Armory, Broad and Wharton Streets. Gray Invincibles, Infantry (colored), one company. Captain A. F. Stevens, Jr. ; Armory, 1913 Market Street. The Naval Reserves Battalion, Commander R. K. Wright, Jr. The oldest of our organizations is the fine cavalry body popularly known as the City Troop, composed entirely of young men of wealth and high social standing. Its history antedates the Revolutionary War, during a portion of which it acted as body-guard to General Washington, and participated actively in the struggle for independence. It still proudly dons the strikingly handsome uniform originally adopted by the corps, and which tends to make the City Troop a leading feature of all parades in which it participates. The Artillery (usually called the "Keystone Battery") is uniformed in accordance with National regulations, the red plumed helmets being a striking feature. It celebrated its thirty-third birthday in April of the present year. The State Fencibles celebrated the eighty-first anniversary of their organization. May twenty- sixth of the present year. Their corps was formed for service during the War of 1S12-15. It has passed thnmgh many vicissitudes. The once famous and picturesque Philadelphia Fire Zouaves were merged into its ranks, and in 1878 it was increased from a single company to its present forma- tion. Its dress imiform includes black bear-skin shakos and red tunics. It is noted for the wonderful accuracy of its drill. 144 " T^HE PLUMBER'S OWN PAPER." Owned by Master Plumbers. Edited by Trained Experts, and published under the best auspices. The ablest and most widely circulated Plumbing Paper. It con= tains articles on the Theory and^ on Practical . J"".,, •"..'J"."" ,f&^ >:s\ -f ^. by Steam tion, o n\ Work, and subjects. news of the ter Plumbers'^ —National , trict and Local tains a Directory up to date. Read kept in touch^ that is projcressive\ Trade by letters different centers. The' trade schools is carefully '$H^^ -'■i!Si: jPractice of Plumbing, [sanitation, on Heating land Hot Water Circula= [Oas Fitting, on Pipe all kindred It presents the various Mas= Associations State, Dis = and main = of the same e rs are with all in the from the work of the various followed. New goods are freely illustrated. It is an ^Interesting and instructive paper, abounding in high=class technical articles. Issued twice a month. Subscription, $2 a year. Sample copies free. ADDRESS THE PUBLISHERS Kittredge Company 78 Reade Street New York 145 ARriLI.KRV CAMP AX MT. GRETN.i, PA. The First Regiment is composed largely of business men, and as the old " Gray Reserves" was prominent during and subsequent to the war of '61-65. It has always maintained a high degree of proficiency. The dress uniform is especially natty and effective. A Veteran Corps com- posed of former active members is connected with the "First." The Second Regiment is a sturdy, well drilled body, once known as the "National Guards," with a large proportion of old soldiers of the war in various grades of command. Gray has always been its favorite uniform color. It has a fine Armory site selected on upper Broad Street. The Third Regiment represents the down-town martial contingent, and since the election of its present Colonel, with other acijuisitions to its field and line, it has become a strong and enthusiastic corps. The Gray Invincibles, representing the colored citizens, does them great credit. Its uniform of which the towering shako of black bear-skin is a part, gives the company an almost barbaric effect on parade. The Naval Reserves Battalion is of recent formation and is the outcome of a wise policy which seeks to train a carefully selected body of young men in the details of naval life and marine operations of attack and defense. It is uniformed according to naval regulations. Each organization in addition to its distinctive and showy dress uniform, is fully ecjuipped with the State dress which, in its present form is admirabhr adapted for use in camp and campaign sen,'ice. The rank and file as well as the field, staff and line officers are made up of the best classes of our native youth, who evince, at all times, a soldierly spirit and laudable pride in the record of the citizen troops of the Keystone State, which has resulted in a compact organization aggregating 8,612 troops, which may be placed in the field, fully equipped for any service and lor any length of time, within twenty-four hours' notice from the commander-in- chief. It may be safely asserted that the people of the City of Philadelphia are justly proud of the fact that the troops of their City and State are unequaled in all the qualities of the true soldier by those of no other State in the Uniou. T46 Atlantic City. Philadelphia's Great All-The-Year Pleasure Resort. Atlantic City, which is :iot only the greatest seashore resort of the Atlantic coast, Imt of the entire world, occupies an inijiortant relation to Philadelphia as a community, and many thousands of its citizens, individually ; founded as it was and ^ principally sustained and patronized by the people of the "Quaker City." Located immediately upon the verge of the untrammelled ocean, less than sixty miles southeast from Philadelphia, Atlantic City has developed, within a generation, from a small and inconsequential hamlet, with a limited midsummer patronage, to a wide-spread, l)usy. healthful and beautiful place, having a practically continuous season. Many fortunate conditions have contributed to the wonderful development of Atlantic City, and whicii indicate its still fur- ther expansion, embellishment, and increase in public favor. Speedy transit, over a choice of railroads from a great and prosper- ous city, have made it essentially a Philadel- phia resort, but the hotel registers reveal the foct that guests in large numbers come here from many distant points, with an ever increasing patronage from New York City, from whicli passengers come via the Central Railroad of Xevv Jersey, connecting with the Atlantic City trains of both the Peinisylvania and the Reading Railroads. Parlor cars are attached to rapid e.xpress trains over both lines of railroad from Camden (opposite Philadelphia), throughout the year, and in Spring and Summer a sixty minute schedule to the shore is in force, trains being run at short intervals. Atlantic City is located upon a sandy island, has an ocean front facing slightly east of south, and is very nearly upon the latitude of Baltimore. The remarkable geniality of the climate through the year is attributed to the proximity of the gulf stream which is nearer at this place than at any other portion of the New Jersey coast. Probabh' the most noticeable features of Atlantic City upon "first impressions " are its remarkable cleanliness, brightness, and universal air of prosperit}-. Its six hundred or more hotels and boarding houses, and uncounted cottages, shops, warehouses, banks, churches and public buildings are bisected and transversed by broad, carefully graded streets. The avenues, parallel with the ocean, are named after the great seas of the world, while the highways leading from the ocean front athwart the island bear the names of the States of the I'nion. The "built up" city extends along the sea front between three and four miles ; electric cars run upon Atlantic Avenue between the extremes of the town, and, in fact, down the shore past Chelsea and South Atlantic City to Longport, close by Egg Harbor Inlet, and opposite Ocean City, a distance of ten miles. At the Inlet terminus, at the eastern end of Atlantic City, the cars connect with a steam ferry boat to Brigantine Beach, which also has its electric railway, 147 ON .\ BREEZY D.-vV. THE i;0ARDW.\LK IN AUGUST. " IIATHINC'. IKUR (IN THK nKACII."— From Tliotci by Alliert Moerk. leading, by swift transit, up the shore. The railroad stations front upon Atlantic Avenue, and thus the new arrival may go quickly by either trolley or coach to his chosen hotel. The permanent population of Atlantic City is about 17,000, the majority of the residents being engaged in a wide variety of \-ocations, all of which are dependent upon the immense patronage of the resort for their success. The city has a progressive local government which has introduced many important reforms and improvements. The streets are illuminated with abundant arc lights, and the immunity from disastrous fires is due to one of the most alert and efficient fire departments in the United States, which is the especial pride of the people. Two well edited and newsy daily papers, the Union and the Rcvit-'w, each of which also has a weekly edition, are printed all the year. While the tide of patronage is at its flood in August, the population has numbered upon some occasions as high as 135,000. Atlantic City long since ceased to be considered simply as a delightful Summer resort. Her " season " never ends. A very considerable proportion of the hotels, including those of the larger and the most sumptuous class, now find it worth while to keep open house all Winter, and a week or so at the shore in the so- called " inclement season " has become fashionable. Sun Parlors are a feature of every hotel, and the number of days during the Winter months when even an invalid may not enjoy a brisk walk or a rolling chair upon Atlantic City's great " midway plaisance," the Boardwalk, are very few indeed. Strangers to the seashore in Winter are often astonished at leaving Philadelphia or New York immersed in the gloom of a November or January storm to find Atlantic City smiling and sparkling in clear sunshine. In proof of this superior climate, not only in comparison with inland points, but as regards the relation with other sections of the Atlantic Coast, the National Government offers abundant and accurate testimony, the result of careful observations made during a series ot years by expert observers who have no bias of preference to discredit their reports. The mean annual amount of rainfall in a series of years at the places indicated is as follows : Atlantic City .... 40.24 inches. Barnegat, N. J. . . . 50.20 Cape May, N. J. . . . 46.70 Sandy Hook, N.J. . 52.05 Tin-: C.\SINO. PKNNAYI.VANIA HOSI'ITAI,, MK.MMRIAI, TA VII. IONS. Medical Colleges and Hospitals. Although Philadelphia has always been the medical centre of America, few realize that, if it is not already so, it is rapidly becoming, in many respects, the peer of any city in the world in the education of physicians and in the dissemination of medical and correlated knowledge. This year there are enrolled at the various schools over 2,000 students of medicine, a number probably greater than that of which any other city can boast, and if to this be added those who are pur- suing studies in pharmacy, dentistry and veterinary medicine, our city is undoubtedly, as far as num- bers alone are concerned, far ahead of her rivals. But, haj)pily, it is on more commendable grounds than these alone that we are cpntent and proud to rest our claims of excellence. Each of the five medi- cal colleges is of the highest class, thorough in its work and in the qualifications of the graduates, and one of the schools is not only the oldest faculties are composed of men, second of many of whom are almost as well ment of each college for medical educa but claims to be the best on the continent. Their to none as regards teaching ability, and the names known abroad as at home. The material equip- tion is most excellent, and. inasmuch as success- ful medical teaching must be clinical as well as didactic, ample opportunity for this is afforded in the enormous number of patients anntially treated in the numerous Philadelphia hospitals and dispensaries, which offer to the student almost every known type or phase of disease or injury. Besides the respective hospitals to which the various colleges are specifically con- nected and which are thoroughly equipped with everytliing required bv- the most advanced medical and surgical science of the day, students have the privilege of attending reg- ular clinics at the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, German, St. Joseph's and other hcspitals. HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, Li'IJ.l'.i'.i. IIALI., r_\l\ i-,RSlTY OF PENNSYLVAMA, The University of Pennsylvania. This great centre of higher education had its inception in an academy and charitable school, which was founded through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, in 1751 : a charter for a college being secured two years later. The institution finally became the University of Pennsylvania in 1791. Its support has always been almost entirely derived from the funds of private individuals, and it has become a favorite object for endowment at the hands of wealthy citizens. The University occupies a splendid group of buildings, located between Thirty-fourth and Spruce Streets and Thirty-seventh and Pine Streets ; reached by electric cars out Walnut Street and Woodland Avenue. As at present constituted it has thirteen departments, viz: — The College Depart- ment, which includes Arts, Science, Architecture and Natural History: Biology, Finance and Economy, and Music: Medicine and Law : Auxiliary Department of Medicine, Dentistry, Philosophy, Veterinary Medicine, Physical Education, Hygiene; Graduate Department for Women, Musuem of Archeology and Palceontology, Hospital and the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. Under the head of the Towne Scientific School, come the Engineering courses : — Mechanical, Electrical, Civil and Mining, and the courses in Architecture and Chemistry. The teaching force numbers two hundred and fifty-seven professors, lecturers, etc. The Ilni- versity Library contains 110,000 bound volumes. The students always in attendance exceed tw-o thousand in number. A splendid quadrangle of dormitories is about being constructed for student lodgings. Franklin Field, the new University Athletic Ground, is one of the most complete physical arenas in the world. Important additions and changes in the University property are constantly in pro- gress, and upon the completion of the group of buildings, the removal of fences, and paving of the various avenues leading through the University grounds, it will present to the visitor a splendid scene of educational energy and progress, irnexcelled in facilities and location by any of the great universities of the country, attracting to Philadelphia thousands of the youth of this and other lands, and pre- serving the reputation of the city as a great centre of learning. 150 The Academy of Fine Arts. Bv MuTON Bancroft. - , ^ ""^j^H m ■ TllK ACADKMY OF KINK ARTS. The Pennsylvania Academy ot F'ine Arts is the oldest art insti- tution in America. It was founded in 1805 and chartered the next year. The germ from which it sprang had its existence in 1 79 1 , when Chas. Wilson Peale attempted to organize in Phila- delphia a school for the fine arts. The scheme, although supported by Ceracchi, the Italian sculptor, tlien in this country, William Rush and other aitists was not successful, hut out of it came, in [794, the Colunibianum, and in that year was held in Indepen- cr of Orthodox I-'riends in ]'hiladeli)liia, which includes most of those who habitually wear the quaint garb of the sect and many who do not, is only 5,500 persons, but here, as elsewhere, they exercise an influence upon the connnunily, and in the conduct of local. State and National affairs, quite out of pro])orlion to their numerical strength. Simplicity, truth and humanity characteri/.e them in all the relations of life. That portion of the sect which meets at Philadelphia, in .\pril, includes the delegates of the Friends from the quarterly meetings lu-ld in the States of IV-nnsyU'ania, New Jersey Delaware and Maryland. The quarterly meetings are in tinn made up of local monthly meetings. During the week of this conference, the vicinity of the staid old meeting-house on Arch Street is thronged with attendants, the women clad in the neat gray and brown dresses and (juaint poke boiuiels usually worn l)y them, and the men arrayed in the broad-brimmed hats and straight-cut suits so familiar in Philadelphia at all times. These costumes, contrary to general belief, were never ado])ted specifically by the Friends, but are sinq)ly survivals of a once popular fashion left behind !>y the more fickle " world's people." but retained by the conservati\'e " Quakers " because it was found that a distinctive dress liad its restraining influences. It is not obligatory, and the younger members \ery generally dress in the ordinary styles of the times. Although generally, as iiKli\iihials and as an organization, the Quakers are wealthv, their buildings, like their dress, are exceedingly plain. Anything savoring of extra\'agance in ornament is discouraged. At the service, the congregation sitting iq)on ])lain, unpainted lienches, tne ric.-vcs separated, usually meditate in silence, awaiting the pronqjlings of the Sjiirit before venturing upon speech. The ministers and elders are not compensated, and are generally engaged in business pursuits as a means of support. Many of the ministers are women. Questions coming before the meetings are never determined by vote, but by the weight of argument, the clerk acting as mediator. Affirmation is accepted by the courts in lieu of the oath in the case of witnesses of this faith. Perfect candor and directness of speech is enjoined in all their dealings with one another and with the world. The Bureau of Water. Philadelphia was the first city in the United States to establish a sytem of water works. The original plant for that purpose was commenced in 1799, by the construction of a large water-power house on the Schuylkill river, near Market Street, with a re.servoir at Broad and Market Streets — the present site of the Public Buildings. In the year 1814, 2,850 dwellings were receiving tlie water, and the total water rents amounted to $18,000. In 1827, the water rents amounted to $33,560. In 1893, 198,493 dwellings and 1,419 factories were using city water, the cash receipts were $2,674,275, and the Water Bureau furnished employment to 1,1 19 persons. Ninety-four per cent, of the water used is olitained from the Schuylkill river, and six per cent, from the Delaware river, in the northern part of the city. There are nine pumping stations, having an aggregate daily capacity of 230,040,000 gallons of water. There was pumped during 1893, a dail}- average of 179,048,594 gallons, making the immense annual aggregate of 65,352,736,978 gallons of water. The daily average consumption is 150 gallons per capita. The water is pumped into thirteen reservoirs located in various parts of the city, having a total storage capacity of 1,399,288,814 gallons, equivalent to about eight days' water supply for the city. The East Park Reservoir, in Fainnount Park, has a capacity of 673,874,614 gallons. The following statement gives the location, number and type of engines, and their several aggregate capacities at the various stations : Pumping Station. Designated Num- ber of Engine or Turbine. TvPK OF Engine. Worthiugton Duplex Compound Rotary Simpson Compound Rotary Marine Compound Rotary Worthington Duplex Gaskill Designed Capacity in Million Gallons Per Day. Total. Spring (iarden, old station ■4 5 6 7 8 II 9 10 20,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 15,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 8,000,000 " new station. Worthington Duplex 130,000,000 1 2 3 ., ., ., 18,000,000 I 2 3 12,000,000 5,000,000 7,500,000 .. 24,500,000 2 3 250,000 250,000 500,000 Mt. Airv I 2 3 1,000,000 1 ,000,000 1 ,000,000 ,. Kiiowles " 3,000,000 Chestnut Hill 1 2 250,000 500,000 Wortliiiiytou Duiilcx . . . 750,000 Frankford , I 2 Marine Compound Rotary Corliss Compound Rotary 10,000,000 10,000,000 20 000 000 3 4 5 7 8 9 Turbine Wheels 2,000,000 5,330,000 5,330,000 5,330,000 5,100,000 5,100,000 5,100,000 L, .. ., .. ., i> " " 11 .1 11 33,290,000 Total 230,040,000 The following is a statement of the location, date ol completion, elevation and capacity of the city's reservoirs : Name of Rksf-rvoir. f Reser^ior Xo. i " "2 Fairmoiint Lehigh . . . I " "4, Section r. I " " 4, " 2- I " ■• 4. " 3- Section i Spring Garden Corinthian {Section i . 2 . " 3 • Frankford Belmont Mt. Airy Roxborough New Roxlioioiigh Manatawna Tanks — 2.. Chestnut Hill Tank Queen Lane Reservoir Total. East Fairmount Park . Sixth and Lehigh Avenue Twenty -sixth and Master Streets . . . Corinthian Avenue and Poplar Street. East Fairmount Park Oxford Turnpike and Coinly Street West l"airmonnt Park Allen's Lane and Mower Street, (icrniant'n Ridge ane had. The Commercial Museum, created by the city for the convenient display of raw materials largely employed in our manufactures, occupies temporary quarters upon the ground floor of the City Hall at the western entrance. The University of Pennsylvania and its beautiful liabrary building are accessible to the stranger upon week-days. Reached via Chester Avenue or Darby cars out Walnut Street. The United States Mint, n]H)n Chestnut .Street, below Broad, is open to visitors, who are conducted through the various departments by guides from ij A. M. to 12 noon, except upon Sundays and holidays. The riasonic Temple, at Jkoad and Filbert Streets, is open to visitors upon Thursdays, in fair weather, from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M . This noble building is the most costly structure devoted to secret society purposes in America. Many of the rooms are decorated in a highly artistic manner. Odd Fellows' Temple. This beautiful Iniilding, locatetl upon Broad .Street, above Arch, will soon be completed, and \isitors' days will be announced. Girard College, west of Ridge and north of Girard Avenues, is o|ien daily, except Saturdays and upon May jolh. Intending visitors may obtain tickets of admission from memliers of the Board of Directors or at the office, m South Twelfth Street. Clerg\inen are excluded under the provisions of Mr. (lirard's will. Reached \-ia Ridge A\-enue, Girard Avenue, I{igliteenth or Nineteenth Streets car lines. The Academy of Fine Arts, located at Broad and Cherry Streets, is open free upon P'ridays and Sundays, and upon other days at an admission of twenty-five cents, the hours being from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. This is the oldest art institution in America and still one of the most progressive. The beautiful galleries are at all times well worth a visit, and during sjiecial exhibitions attract many art lovers from other cities. The Drexel Institute, at Thirty-second and Chestnut Streets, may be visited as follows : The central court, museum, library and reading room are open to the public every day, except Sunday, from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. On Saturday the entire building is open to visitors. During the winter months the museum and library and reading room are open to the public three evenings a week. The museum has valuable collections of textiles, ceramics, carvings in ivory and wood, metal work, etc. In the library is the Childs' Collection of Manuscripts. No card of introduction of any kind is required for admission. The Central flanual Training School, N. Iv corner Sex-enteenth and Wood Streets, is open to callers week-days, except Saturdays, from 9 A. M. to 2.30 P. M. The Pennsylvania Hospital, the oldest institution of the kind in America, is located at liighth and Spruce Streets : may be visited between 2 and 4 P. M. daily. Old Christ Church, upon Second Street, above Market, nia\- be inspected any day ujion ap]ilication to the sexton. The Young Mens' Christian Association Building, S. E. corner Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets, maj' be \isited between the hours of 9 A. M. and kj V. M. upon weekdays. The Women's Christian Association, at the S. W. corner of Eighteenth and Arch Stre.'^ts, includes what is essentially a woman's hotel with all the moral restraints and pleasures of a home. Its management slielters several hundreds of young women at nominal rates, finds employment and gives useful instruction. Ladies are allowed to patronize tlie fine restaurant at the top of the building. Admission daily. Horticultural Building, West Fairmounl Park, is o])en daily, including Sundays, from 7 A. M. to sundown. This ornate structure was built as a part of the Centennial Exposition. With its wealth of tropical trees and plants, and its beautiful environment of llower gardens, it should be \isited by all strangers. A constant exhibition of valuable paintings in oil anil water colors is maintained free to the public (excei)t when otherwise advertised) in connection with Earle's Art Store, upon Chestnut Street above Eighth. Laurel Hill Cemetery, upon the east bank of the Schuylkill River, is open to the jniblic week- days. Reached via Ridge Avenue street cars or by carriage through East h'airmount Park. Other cemeteries are also accessible to all who have occasion to visit them. The Armory of the State Fcncibles Battalion, N. O. P., at Broad and Race Streets, is open daily, from 10 A. M. to 4 P. M., and in the evening after 7 o'clock, except in stormy weather. The fine Q. A. R. Halls of Post 2. Twelfth Street above Wallace ; Post i. Chestnut Street above Twelfth, and of Naval Post 400, at Ivighth and \'ine Streets, are open daily and in the evenings to callers when these Posts are not in session. They are the repositories of valuable collections of relics of the war of '6i-'65. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, admits visitors (e.xcept during July and August) on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 10 A. JL to 4 P. M. Reached via the Chestiuit Hill trains of either the Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads. The shops and grounds of the United States Arsenal, Frankford, Philadelphia, may be visited upon week-days between 9 A. ]\L and 4 P. M. Upon Sundays the grounds arc open to the public. Cards of admission to the County Prison and Eastern Penitentiary may be had from the ins[)ec- tors. (Consult City Directory.) The Edwin Forrest Home for Actors, at " Springbrook, " Holmesburg, Philadelphia, is reached via local trains upon the New York division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the distance being about twelve miles from Hroad Street Station. It is open to visitors ui>on Tuesdays from 9 A. M. to 12 o'clock noon and from 3 to 5 P. M. Press-rooms of the Ledger, at Sixth and Chestnut Streets : the Times, Sansom altove Eighth Street, and the Inquirer, Market above Eleventh Street, may be visited late in the evening and the great presses seen in operation. 159 The Franklin Institute, with its valuable scientific and technical lilirary, upon Seven-th Street, above Chestnut, is ojien to the jiuljlic from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. upon week-days. The Wagner Free Institute of Science, at Seventeenth Street and Montgomery Avenue, opens its museum of natural history from 2 until 5 P. M. upon Wednesdays and Saturdays ; library open daily. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania occupies a substantial building at the S. W. corner of Thirteenth and Locust .Streets, and is open every week-day. Scholars will find its splendid historical and biographical library and numerous relics of great interest. The museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, which institution is located at Nineteenth and Race Streets (Logan Square), is open free to visitors upon \veek-da\s from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Students and others interested in the work of the academy are also admitted to the library. The Art and Hechanical Schools of the Spring Garden Institute, at Broad and Spring Garden Streets, are open to \'isitors from 9 A. M.to 2 P. M. week-days, except Saturdays, September to June, inclusive. From October to March, inclusive, they are also open in the evenings and are most interesting. The rooms of the Philosophical Society, located in their quaint old building at the N. E. corner of Independence Square, are open week-days from 10 A. M. to i P. ^L, and upon Sundays from 10 to i o'clock. The library of this time-honored institution is one of the mijst valuable in the city. Carpenter's Hall, of historic renown, at 322 Chestnut Street, is open daily, except Sunday, from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. The Pennsylvania Huseum, in Memorial Hall, W'est Fairmount Park, is open to the public every day in the year from 9.30 A. M. until halt an hour before sunset. Reached by street cars via Baring Street and Lancaster Avenue, or Girard Avenue. The Roman Catholic High School, at Broad and Vine Streets, is open upon week-days to the public from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. The building of the Library Company of Philadelphia, at the N. W. corner of Locust and Juniper Streets, is open upon week-davs, free to the public, from 8.30 A. M. to 6 P. M., and upon Sundays (for readers onl>'), from i P. M . to 6 P. M. The Ridgeway Branch of the Philadelphia Library, including the Loganian Library, at Broad and Christian Streets, is also open at the above hours. The riercantile Library, u])on Tenth Street, aliove Chestnut, is open free to the iniblic between the hours of 8 A. M. and 10 P. M. daily. The Drexel Building, corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, the roof commanding a splendid \'iew of the city and harbor, is open to visitors daily. Take elevator. The rooms of the Board of Trade, Drexel Building, are open week-days from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. in summer, and in winter until 4 P. M., during which time \isitors are welcomed. The Bourse, located between Fourth and Fifth Streets, north of Chestnut, is the costliest commercial edifice in the city. It is now nearing completion. The Builders' Exchange, upon Seventh Street, above Chestnut, containing a large permanent exhibition of high-grade building materials and supplies, is open ever}' business day of the year, and affords a practical object lesson regarding the excellence of the work done in Philadelphia construction. 160 Plumbers' Metal Works C. A. BLESSING, Proprietor MANUFACTURER OF Fine Plumbing Goods Our l^ite^t Specialties "HARDWOOD CASED BATH TOBS" "AUTOMATIC URINAL TANKS" Uk'IlK hOk CATAI.Olili; O. A. Blessing-^.^ 516 Montgomery Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. Savill, Walls & Co. Manufacturers of ^rass Qoods FOR W^ter, Steam and Ga!> Dealers in Plumbers' 1229-^1231 Budden Street PHILADELPHIA THE SAVILL BIBB THE ADVANTAGES POSSESSED BY THIS BIBB OVER ALL OTHERS IN THE MARKET ARE AS FOLLOWS: ist. The water iievti strikes tiie screw. 2(1. IJoes not require any top packing. 3d. Can be re-washed without stopping the water supply. 4th. Does not splash in the sink, therefore cannot injure the wainscoting. 5th. The simplicity of this sink bibt)is marvelous, consisting, as it does, of only three jiicccs. whereas all other sink bibbs consist ol from S to 10 pieces. 6th. Its durability is so great that it will wear ten limes as long as any sink Itihli in I he mai kit. 161 .Mai Map . Visitor's Directory. The Heart of the City (See Map i i. — Cluuacteristics : Southeast qucirtcr, the oldest portion of the city — priti- cipal s(|uarc, Washington— still contains many fine old residences; large and varied industries in the vicinity of the Delaware river. Southwest (piartcr includes Chestnut, Walnut, Locust and other prominent streets, which, in the vicinitv of Ritteuhouse Square, form the traditional aristocratic nucleus of local society ; large factories along the Schuylkill and Washington Avenue. Northwest quarter: south of Spring Garden Street ; this section is dedicated, except in the vicinity of Logan Sipiarc, largely to business and manufacturing, but north of that street it is covered with a great territory of handsome homes, a large jiroportiou of which have been built within the past dozen years, notably from Columbia Avenue to Lehigh Avenue. Ridge Avenue, traversing this section diagonally, is one of the great retail highways of the city. Northeast section : a fine class of residences predominate from Broad Street, east- ward, gradually merging with a labyrinth of factory plants of great size and wide variety of products, surrounded by small streets of neat and comfortable operali\es' homes. Germantown and L'rankford Roads, as well as Girard and Cohnubia Avenues, are great shopping thoroughfares. Franklin Square, in the lower ])<)rtion of this quarter, is the fourth of the principal squares of the citv. Inde.x : i. City Hall. 2. Peunsylvania Terminal Station. 3. Reading Terminal Station. 4. Post Office. 5. Independence Hall ; Drexel Building. '6. The Bourse. 7. U.S. Mint; Wanamakers's Grand Depot. S. Bethlehem Presbyterian Church. 9. Centennial Church. 10. Memorial Church. 11. Wagner Insti- tute. 12. ("xrace Baptist Teuq)lc. ' 13. Church of the Messiah. 14. Keneseth Israel ( Ref. Jewish). 15. Memorial Church. 16. Women's School of Design. 17. Girard College. 18. German Hospital; Mary J. Drexel Home. 19. Eastern Pententiary. 20. Post 2, G. A. R. Hall. 21. Central Presbyterian Church. 22. Jewish Synagogue. 23. North Broad Street Church. 24. Girls' Normal School. 25. Baldwin Loconu)tive Works. 26. Manual Training School. 27. First Regiment -\rmory. 28. Catholic High School. 29. Naval Post (",. A. R. Hall. ;,o. Roman Catholic Cathedral. 31. Hahnemann Hospital. 32. Academy of Natural .Sciences ; .\syluin for the Blind. 33. Friends' Churcli and School. 34. State L'cncibles' .\rmory. 35. Women's Christian .\ssociation ; Athletic Club Schuylkill Navy. 36. Academvof Fine Arts; First Baptist Church." 37. Odd Fellows' Temple ; .Arch Street M. E. Church ; Masonic Temple. 38. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Station. 39. First Unitarian Church. 40. Colonnade Hotel ; V. M. C. .\. Buildiug. 41. St. Mark's F:piscopal Church. 42. Holy Tnnity Ivpiscopal Church. 43. Lafayette Hotel ; Union League ; Bellevuc Hotel ; 162 Maiiufncturcrs' Club; Art Club; Stratford Hotel. 44. Philadelphia Library; Historical Society; Hotel Metropole| Hotel Slciiton. 45. Bingham House; Mercaiililc Lil)rarv ; Oooiicr's Hotel. .(6. Continental Hotel ; (iirard House • Karle's Art Store. 47. Franklin's Crave. 48. Christ Church. 49- Carpenter's Hall; Bullitt Building; Maritime E.xch.ingc. 50. Builders' Exchange; Franklin Institute. 51. Commercial ICxchangc. 52. St. Peter's Church. 53. Pennsylvania Hospital. 54. Old Swedes' Ch\irch. 55. Moyamensing Prison. 56. Bethany Chapel. 57. Naval Asylum. Delaware River Front iSee Map 2).— Great improvements in the maritime facilities of the harbor and city front arc in progress, as elsewhere described. Index: i. Reading Railroad Coal Terminal. 2. \Vm. H. Cramp & Sons Company's Ship Yard. 3. Xeafie X: Lew, Shi]! Builders. 4. Penn Treaty Monument. 5. Philadelphia Steamship Compan'v. 6. Commonwealth Transportaiion Companv ; North .\tlantic Trident Line. 7. Ferry to Camden iC. cS: A. R. R.); Naval Reserves' Headquarters. \'. S. S. "St. Louis." 8. Local Lines. 9. Clyde Lines; Ferry to Camden I Pennsvlvania R. R. to seashore). lo. Ericsson Line. 11. Warner's Line ; Boston Steamshi]) Company. 12. Ferry to Kaighn's Point i Reading R. R. to seasborel. 13. Ocean Steamship Line; Allan Line; Franklin Sugar Refineries. 14. .\tlantic Transportion Companv ; American and Red Star Steamship Lines. 15. Spreckcls Sugar Refining Com- pany; McCahan's Refining Company ; Baugh Sons & Co. 16. Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company. Fairmount Park (See Map 3).— Dotted lines indicate principal drives. Index: i. Schuylkill Navy Boat-houses. 2. Lemon Hill Mansion, restaurant, militarv music dailv, in afternoons, except Sunday, during Summer. 3. Entrance to Zoological Garden. 4. Wni. Pcnn's House. 3. Memorial Hall. 6. Horticultural Hall. 7. Restaurant at Park Entrance. 8. George's Hill. q. Belmont Mansion, restaurant, military music daily, in afternoons, during Summer. 10. Chamounix :\Iansion. 11. Rockland, Old Benedict Arnold Residence (Dairy). 12. Woodford. 13. Strawberry :\Iansion, restaurant, militarv music daily, in afternoons, during Summer. 14. Tissot's Restaurant. 15. Ringstetten, Undine Barge Club. ih. Fountain Green Restaurant, Wissahickon. 17. Log Cabin Restaurant, Wissahickon. West Philadelphia (See Map 4V— Located upon elevated ground, rolling gently; this portion of the city has long been a favorite residence neighborhood, and within the past few years has developed, especially toward the Park front and in the neighborhood of Chester and Springfield Avenues and Forty-ninth Street, with great rapidity, forming a suburb hardly rivaled in beautv anvwhere in the United States. Index (in Fairmount Parki : 3. Zoological Garden. 4. Wm. Penn's House. 5. Memorial Hall. 6. Horticultural Hall. 7. Restaurant, Belmont Avenue entrance to Park. 8. Pennsylvania Hos]iital for the Insane, g. Drexel Institute. 10. University of Pennsylvania, n. Belmont Cricket Club. 163 The Buick & Sherwood Mfg. Co. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF a SUCCESS" ^^H Our Goods are Standard WRITE KOR CAXAI^OGUK 942-962 Champlain Street Detroit, Michigan Single and Double Expansion BoltS For Fastening all Kinds of Material to Stone or Brick Work Si)cci:illy ;itl;i]itfiii|.aMirs lo lastcii ii]) hrackfts lo rt-ccive Sttaiii ripcs, and a Ihoiisaiul otlier pin poses. As ii-,t.-i| t.\ llir rnilctl Slat(_s ('.ov- tinnKiU in its coii'^tnictiun \vcnk. Cataloj2:ue upon AppUcatiim. Sole Manufacturers STEWARD &. ROMAINE MFG. CO. Philadelphia, Pa. P. CARROLL, Manufacturer Of BATH BOILERS and Tanks Log and Circulating Plain and Galvanized 1335 Mt. Vernon Street, above Ridge Ave., Philadelphia ON TIIK MEI.AWAKI', 9 8 "li' f: r.-' ^A, ^0* ^.^^ .0^ C.0''* %>. -^^0^ ^°^ 'bV'' -S. *•■•■> W-> '^ -* 5^ ^-^ , r\~ _ « • • V. ^bv- 'o , >. * .tf^ '^ vV.^. ro*- c^: ■^^d^ A .V .■^* ^o ,v •^-^^ 4P ;i-' «5°.^ V**^\t*" %*^-*VJ^ ^^^'^^••y'^ ^O^ ^0^ ^.- ^^-n^^ .■ ^^-^^ L". V?, ^^..s^' 'T^^Va • % A* '^^^ '*.^'^' vP^ fi iirr,:^'-'^^ iP-n^. %*■ A L^°w. ,0'- ^o^. •'^•\<^ •^"^^ ♦^"-^^ <*