Book ___1.^?_!XjS __ ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OE NATURAL HISTORY ^^ vol. x, pakts v and vi BEAVER TEXTS BEAVER DIALECT BY PLINY EARLE GODDARD NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES 1917 LC Control Number 11 tmp96 031301 BEAVER TEXTS. By Pliny Earle Goddard. 295 CONTENTS. Page Introduction 299 Key to Sounds 300 Tumaxale, a Culture Hero . . . . . . . . 301 Agait'osdunne, The Hair Scrapings Man — First Version . . . "311 Agait'osdunne, The Hair Scrapings Man — Second Version . . . 316 Atcecq Kills Buffalo . . .318 Atcecq Kills a Bad Man 319 Agait'osdunne Marries the Chief's Daughter ..... 321 The Orphan Boy Kills Beaver 323 The Moose that Had been a Man ; 324 WonyonI Avenges the Death of his Sons ...... 325 The Revenge of WonyonI . . 328 WonyonI Escapes from the Cree 331 A Young Man is Taken to Another World by Fledgling Geese . 332 The Woman who Discovered Copper 333 Crow Monopolizes the Game * 335 A Man is Carried away by a Giant Bird 336 The Underwater People 337 The Beaver who Went Home with a Cree 338 A Man Marries the Daughter of a Bird ...... 341 A Man Turns into a Squirrel and Escapes from a Bear . . . 342 Watc'agic Kills the Dancing Birds ....... 343 The Earth Recovered by Diving 344 The Giant Beaver and Muskrat 345 The Redeeming of a Doomed Man 345 The Equally Matched Magicians 346 A Magician Cuts his Throat with Impunity . . . . . . 347 A Magician Spends the Winter in a Lake ...... 348 A Magician Escapes the Cree by Turning into a Buffalo . . . 349 Fournier's Grandfather's Supernatural Power 349 Thunderbirds 350 The Boy who was Cared for by a Wolf 351 The Loaned Hunting Dog 351 The Hunting Fetish 353 The Man who Talked to the Buffalo 353 The Potency of War Songs 354 The Curing of a Woman with a Medicine Lodge . . . 354 The Medicine Lodge . . . . ' 355 The Man who Entered a Fish 355 The Man who Wintered without Food ...... 355 The Origin of Mosquitoes ......... 356 The Shiftless Husband 357 A Man Overcomes Obstacles in Rescuing his Sisters . . . 358 297 -298 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, The Treacherous Wife A Man Avenges his Son-in-law An Old Man Escapes a Plot only to be Killed in Revenge A Man Wins his Faithless Wives by Wrestling . The Rival Husbands ....... A Young Man Tries to Escape the Responsibility of Parenthood Torturing the Enemy Two Brothers Escape the Enemy by Flight A Man and His Wife are Saved by Lightning A Man Saves his Parents-in-law from Starving . A Man, Frightened by his Wife, Kills Swimming Caribou An Entire Band is Killed by the Cree A Cree, Caught Alone, is Killed by the Beaver A Man Scares off the Cree with a Gun The Beaver, their Arrows having been used on Buffalo, are the Cree . A Man and his Wife Alone Escape the- Cree A Woman Hides Bear Meat from her Starving Husband Starving Beaver Visit the Rocky Mountains The Escape of the Brothers from the Beaver Lodge The Killing of the Children Avenged The Killing of the Women Avenged A Man Finds Beaver in Small Places . Putting the Enemy to Sleep by Magic A Blind Man's Attempt at Defence A Battle on an Island .... A Dog-Rib Kills Some Men The Killing of the Trader at Fort St. John — First Version The Killing of the Trader at Fort St. John — Second Version Childbirth Customs A Description of Primitive Life . . . . . Hunting Experiences — Dunvegan Dialect .... Dispersion of the Tribes — Dunvegan Dialect . . Killed by Page. 360 362 364 365 366 368 370 371 373 375 376 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 381 382 383 384 384 386 388 389 390 390 391 391 393 396 Introduction. The texts with a few exceptions were recorded during the summer of 1913 near Vermilion on Peace River, Alberta. Work was begun with the chief of the band, Ambroise, a man probably then past sixty. His father was part Chipewyan and he knew some Chipewyan tales. Those he told were, however, Beaver. He spoke rather distinctly and fluently but his diction had some noticeable peculiarities when compared with that of the other Beaver living in that neighborhood. John Bourassa served as inter- preter. Except for language dealing with the less usual phases of Indian life, he has a good command of Beaver which he pronounces with some accent. Mr. Bourassa speaks Cree and French as well as Beaver and English. He tends to umlaut his long back vowels and to break the forward ones. Later, an attempt was made to secure texts from Ike, a man about seventy years of age who has a nervous affection of speech. His enunciation proving too difficult, his son-in-law Louiscon was employed. While he was a middle-aged man, he knew many myths and tales, and told them fluently but too rapidly for easy writing. As a result his narratives cannot be clearly translated in several instances. The interpreter employed was Alexander Cardinal, a part-blood Cree whose command of Beaver was somewhat limited. It is hoped, however, that these texts will furnish material for an exposition of the structure of the Beaver dialect to appear in this volume. April 4, 1916. 299 Key to Sounds. a as in father. e open as in met. i as in in. I close as in pique. o open as in on; occurs rarely. close as in note. u as in rule. H as in but. a,, e, i, g, u, are a, e, l, 6, and u as described above, but nasalized. y as in yes. w as in will. m as in met. n as in net. n as ng in sm#. 1 as in let. \ a surd lateral spirant; the breath escapes between the teeth and the back of the tongue. ¥ the last described sound with glottal affection, z sonant as in lizard. s surd, nearly as in sit but sometimes approaching c. j sonant as z in azure. c as sh in shall. 7 a sonant palatal spirant similar to the sound of g in Tage as spoken in Northern Germany. In a few instances it may have been confused with g. x a surd palatal spirant as ch in German nach. h as in hit. b as in bit; rare, probably connected with m. d an intermediately sonant dental stop ; that is, sonant in the latter portion only. t a very strongly aspirated surd dental stop, t' a glottally affected surd dental stop, g a sonant palatal stop. It frequently occurs in the texts but is found in few separate etymological elements. In some cases it may have been misheard for either 7 or g. g intermediately sonant palatal stop, k a strongly aspirated surd palatal stop, k' a glottally affected surd palatal stop, dz, dj; ts, tc; and ts', tc' are sonant, surd, and glottally affected affricatives akin in sound to a combination of the simple sounds composing them, is used to denote especial aspiration after a vowel. € is used for the glottal stop. 300 1916.1 Goddard, Beaver Texts. 301 Tumaxale, A Culture Hero. 1 i la di ofikedi lii du7 7U ym\\ tindazo e ke 7ut t'ac Once two brothers were. Just alone they two were going about. 2 in t'i zo le tc'un no yut le he ku 7ut di 1 la t'l tu na tea' € in- Suddenly, "We will separate," they thought. "One lake large on each side da djl ma mai £ € in da dji ya wo t'a ji ku 7ut di its shore on each side we will go," they thought. 4 aau wut te ton t'e djl di e jai de dun ne tun ne wo \\ ko- Not very far when he had gone person's trail was there. He came there. nai ya gu ye a k'e he € 7ai yal k'a djii xic 7a za tu na tci' Along there he walked. Again between mountains lake large 6 ke na de tun na gu e xa k'a he 6 na des ya in da dje € tu ya road came to the water again. Along there he went. On either side water sky e do t'e 1 k'e djl £ tea 6 1 le 6 ke tcin na 7es dai lg ai ye di te'e gu was to be seen. Along there beaver dam he crossed. There woman 8 mo go ne le' ce ni 7tln ni ti ya e I us di etc da na t'ii on t'e pretty dressed he saw. "My sister, what are you doing is it?" ye' di dun ne 7ai ya le e t'e ut tsuk as de djl yiwo' a din di he said. Man immediately coming, she cried. ' ' My sister for what do you - make a noise?" 10 di tea na tel djg na de dun ne ma te'e tes da e di zo "This beaver large here lives. People when they give to him only then ke ne le ai yi ga ca 7m tj 1 ye he 6 du xa 7a tce € ya 71 xic he is glad. That one they gave me to. Then, ' This evening over there moun- tain 12 na tci' lin ta ti dji e do wo t'e he 6 ca na 7a ya la dje £ i di la large right half way there sun goes down there 7a ni nut diis ti la a cl ye' di as detc tea* a Ion t'e mo es dai I will get you again,' he said." "My sister, beaver it is I will sit for him. 14 di e dji € xon na date ye' di ya 7a xic kai he ca 6 a de € i e di lo When does he come out? " he asked. "'Over there above the mountains sun if it is then i na diis te le ce ye' di xa mo es dai ya 71 xic na wo dje £ I will get you,' he said." "Well, I will sit for him over there mountain on top," 16 ye di a t'i i e di djo cut da 7a cin da ye € di i e di ni ye tj he said "it was there. "Here forme wait," he said. There he put her. 1 Told by Louiscon, a man about 40 years of age who has maintained unusual interest in the myths of his people. The words and phrases in this text were later traced on the Rousselot apparatus from Louiscon. The transcription in this text is therefore believed to be fairly accurate. 302 Anthropological Payers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ye tc'in nais ya 7a yd ni e dja tin ma* 1 le* xo ni dl t'l I e di la He went toward him. He watched for him. "Just edge beaver dam at the turn there 2 xo na date don dtry 7a tcV e di 7a yon ni e dja mut dl e dja* he comes out," her brother she told. He watched for him. His sister a di I wo te sa 7a yal a yl zo gai ta 7ai wo te ca 7a i yal said, "'Right sun going that only he looks at. Just sun going along 4 dula xo na date es dl a edil kiidi gwa* tu atait'e tu na- now he comes out,' my sister said," he thought. Then water all water started to move 7ut da a dja* 1 tu na tcai a wii ga xut ye* I ye it gwa* xaiya it became. Water large but just beaver dam now he is coming out. 6 xo ni t'l yi a 7a xut te ye xis i e di xain ya gwa* ya gain ta At the turn just mountain there he came out. Now he looked at him. li na teak' kii di wo* ki te'e le e di ka e t'u a ye dl zun i ll "Too large," he thought but because bad his arrows he shot (?). Just 8 ya 7ai ya djl e i e di ye da hits gwa* ta de 1'a 1 ta de 1'a here his ear there he hit him. Then he ran away. Eh! he ran away. ga yu no 7ut 1'a lin gu ga tu ni ya gwa tu tse a tci e a na- He ran back to her. Right to them water came. Then water down it be- came again. 10 dja 6 yj k'e na des t'atc i zo ail k'e ta z5k' tea na tcii ye After it they started back. (?) On the dam he climbed. Beaver large yi he ai ta na ya dun na t'as a tai hi di gi wo k'e he* xa 7m- because all he cut up. "All country over so small 12 ts'ul le 7ut di won le' ye* di di ge* e wo ne t'e tee ya yul lite animal you will be," he said. World as many as there were he scattered over e he* yin les di e ti k'e ni t'ats because like his little fingers he cut off. 14 ga dun ne k'e 7ut des *atc yi da na 7ut ye i e di ku. e he* Then people after they two went. Ahead they were staying. ' ' Here camp na du7 7a wos dai us detc nun na dji ne gu tc'try 7m yal for you I will wait. My sister, your relatives go to." 16 7a ya le dje 2 a tai ti da sut tcek' a du ya wut dai ce ku 7ut di ye As soon as they saw her all they started to cry. "Not we are going to live," they thought. xon ne ye ze xai no duy 7a e ci na di e* di i e di la xo na "My brother killed it." "Your brother you say where is he?" they said. ' ' Right here my brother 18 sut da 1 u' no du7 7e di e u ye na 7ut di e de tu ma xa le sits." "Then your brother what is his name if he is staying there? " "Tum- axale, 3 1 "Became alive" is perhaps more literal. 2 ya'i t'e, was suggested later as the proper word. 3 "Goes around the water's edge," " water a few drops," were suggested translations. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 303 u ye a da w5n t'e* gu ye* di gu yen nl dig ge *a yin la e e du his name you will know it," she told them. They were all glad he caused. Not 2 wl dji gi yu a di cl e a tai t'e sa zi wg lj da 71 ye' di from there they would let him go. "I," all, "my son-in-law you will be," they told him. ai yi e e' gi 7a la dai a t'l xa at du in la t'l (du di ge) Then with them awhile he was. "Well, not one place 4 as t'l ka la won lj 1 ku di ka de ca gu wgn \[ 7ut di mi da- I will be it is," he thought. " I will go after him where he is," he told them. "He is bad." tc'e ll he ci yo nai ya da gut de xal at du 1 la t'l a 7ut da When he came up to him he clubbed them. Not one they alive 6 e all' gii7aiyal du ye tit tun ne won tea di ko nai ya he made. He walked along. Along there road was large, he came to. In t'l zo nut te ye wo 7al in la di mini da a l'g e le e e *e Suddenly he slept. Narrow one place snares they used to set 8 dai es l'u nes tl tin do 7m xail 7a! in ut du na wo di ga he set a snare. He lay down. Very it was dark. Then not it was daylight - again. ylkalka ke na gi date a wo* ut du na wo di ga mut tcut tce e For daylight he kept climbing up, but not it was daylight again. His wood 10 a wo* a tai ga na a du a dja 6 ylde*ye dai is Fii 1 tc'i nes ya but all now was gone it became. Behind the snare he had set he went to. xut l'e ge ewo*Izu.* ca sa liit 1 tit du ya 7a da ya 1 yun de It was night only. Sun was caught. Not over there he could go 12 muk k'ut da ll di 1 he* a tai yi 7ut da na wo due el ku di ka- because he would be burned, "All animals let come," he thought. He called - for them wo di a tai ni wo ni sut 6' gwa ll cu* a 7ul le' ll xais 1'a- All rushed up. And then in vain they tried. Just the last 14 dji e dlu € e ni IV muk k'ut des hit di ke e t'j ga ye hll 1'ul ye mouse came running. He was singed he looked like. Rope le xas xai ga (tin xats) da tun ne ta na de' 1'a da ml le € ni na- he gnawed in two. His road he ran away in. His snare he took back. 16 yedlla' ca' sa hit di Sun was caught. gwa € yit dai nes ya k'a djfi yas k'e me a wo dja e gai ya le Then forward he went. Again winter happened to him. As he was walk- ing along 18 in t'l zo du e mut tse a tc'u. ni liic djg 7am te lo no da ye- suddenly along there sleigh someone had drawn. Here he had slept. Lynx he had hung up. ntig gai lii lo ye I'o 7lik dtik ye k'e di es ya' dju zo* djii dze- In his absence someone had been eating it. After him he started. Here only that day 20 ne ti ya 1q no da k'a dju na tcl' na 7a 7el mut dii7 7a kwe. he had gone along. Lynx again large he carried. For him camp 304 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, a tc'in la e yit da tee na dai mut dug ga kwe. a wo tc'in la* they made. Up he was coming for him camp they made. 2 no da na 7a 7el yet ye t'e a ca. di me ne da tcit de € mut 1'i se* Lynx he was carrying he roasted it. "My grandchild, this did you ever eat? " ' ' Its grease 1 zo es da dun na ya ga yin tl xon ti a zon la t'a dji € 711s da only I eat." Man to him she gave it. "Only that on that I live; 4 me ne da tcet de e ye 1 di ye l'e je* zon € 7ut don did you ever eat it? " he said. "Its grease only I drink." gwa e gun nes ti ai ye li ge a du dun ne u dju ul le Then they lay down. That one the other one not man good was. 6 xutl'edo' dun ne ke € on djo 7ai ta nes tj ye tcin ne £ j ta In the morning man's moccasins well he looked at. He was lying down he looked at duk ke € ya ke e Yq 6 e da stil la ye ke e nl di le duk ke 6 - his own moccasins behind his feet he hung up, his moccasins he took down. Behind his own feet 8 Yq e a tai djo dun ne ke e I nai la tc'in ne 1 ye 1 t'i zo dun ne- all here man's moccasins he put down he threw in the fire. Suddenly, ' ' Man's moccasins ke 6 nuc le ku di i i duk ke e li tsl de 7m la na nes ti xut 1'i dg I took down," he was thinking, his own moccasins it was he threw in the fire. He lay down again. In the morning 10 ya tco do 1 nl I ya at dai djo gii e t'e dukkei nai la xa e ahead of him he got up. Himself too quickly his own moccasins he took down. "Here aca e ' cukke € ai le ye* di ut t'e ga ut tstik yoyila gwa € grandchild, my moccasins they are," he said. Just then he started to cry. He gave them to him. Then 12 (xut de e ) ut t'e 6 ut tsuk ke e di sut da at du yl di a a tai ke immediately he started to cry. Moccasins without he sat there. Not (?) ofi ke t'i dukke 6 a wo € at du ye ke wo site ai gwa xon- Two his own moccasins but not he could wear them out. (?) then nevertheless 14 te wq 6 ya mai a k'e he e at du ye k'e wo sit duk ke 6 li gl yin la sky border not they wore out. His moccasins one he gave him. ml ni di ge won li et da tas se e I la di yin ton ml nl di ge won \\ Pleased he was. His arrow one he gave him. Pleased he was. 16 nl te da e icinelo' ku wo t'otc ye di gwa no da na ts'uts " When you lie down on the end of a stump we will shoot," he said. Then lynx he would drop. gwa yi dai 7ai yat a yi ki 7ai yal Then ahead he walked. That food he went with. 18 in t'i zo due dun ne tun ne won lj lylhe* iclnelo* ktin- Suddenly along there man's road was. From there end of stump he shot. t'ok' da sa kits ut t'e ut du ni do wo ton e ye' di a wo £ Tipped up it was. "Not get it," he said. But 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 305 da ye t'ok e di e he 6 \\ hwa a ku dl xa € lj hwa yu di ye because he shot up "Too close," he thought. "Well, too close," he thought - about it. 2 ye 1 tc'j* da te e etc yi di ge 6 a dja € 7a \\ wo di ge djl e 7a lin To it he put his foot up. Up it went. Then further up. Then ya tc'j 6 ye k'e 7a yal 7a lin ya k'a ts'I* ya ka nl ya wo tc'i € toward the sky after it he went. Then on the sky he arrived after it. There 4 dun ne w5 ni ya mut djl zo e kl* dun ne ya 71 da lg ul le' people he came to. Caribou only food people they lived on it was wo ni ya xut dut di di gl won \\ ku di I ye £ a t'i 7a li la dai he came to. "This place world it is," he thought (?) . Then a short time 6 e di a t'i a wo tc'e dunne sut di ge tcin lo e no ji ku di in- he stayed there after man " My country's end I will go," he thought. Sud- denly t'i zo 1 tc'I ii % mut djl zls ya 1'iil a \\ on 7a li YvLl na lg old woman caribou skin for him line she made. And then lines many 8 ya e o la* gwa € yi yu e ya da ga ya € a wo die I e di di ge for him she made. Then under it for him (a hole) she made. There ground ka ni get a zis na tcut di t'a yin tj da bi ze 6 ya t'j e g ai- she poked a hole through. Skin rawhide she put him in. Her knife for him she put in "Wherever 10 sa di ge on li ku. di de da € tit da gut da won t'as in t'i zo earth is when you think your robe, cut it open." Suddenly ga di ge wonlj ku dV tit da tc'etc on tit du na 7ait da " Now world is," he thought. He swung himself then not he moved 12 *a dja 6 I won la 6 tit da ga des t'atc ye da na tci t'olte* k'e- it happened, it was. His robe he cut open. Eagle's large nest he was on it lgn *a dja e a sun di ne I'ii le cut da won di e ye di ye ga it happened. "Grandmother, this, your line." "You will tell me that," she had - said to him. Then 14 ye di ge dut Tu le na di la* up her line she took up. gii so des ya di ge ton t'e e da na tci ya r dje ta di Then he was going along. This world far eagle large young ones three 16 da' de 1 tsV wo ni ya me ts'i de e le xa ofi ke di ye in tea na sat on something. He came there. ' ' What is this? Two large people a xain la tc'in dut di tl a le e he € on ke di ye na dut de xal he gave us. We do not like that." That was why two he knocked down. 18 I la t'a ayexoditc at du a wo be cl awo € a na t'i no ta € One told him. "Not you will live but you are." "Your father da won t'e na 7tit di dja ke € na7utdalda l ta won hi In tc'I what time does he come back? " "Well, when he comes back hail wind 20 na tci na 7tit da hi in tc'I na tci a t'i tcut le ye 1 di u no* big. When he comes wind big usually is," he said. "And your mother, nawat'e nada'dja (no dat ya) ya di tin na la € teg' wa tca- what she comes back does she do?" "Rain falls heavily 306 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X r ga ya lu in tc'I na tcl a t'is da la 6 tin na na da a le ye dl ye wind big usually is mother when she comes back," he said. 2 ga yi dtik ni ye dja gwa ta wo lu gwa ya lu mtit ta 6 no- Then one side he went for him. Then it rained then it hailed ; his father came back. dja djo 7tit dl hit stin ye' dl xa tea a ye zoaneia 1 ye dl ye "Here animal I smell," he said. " (?) you brought," he said. 4 xo t'l wq 7tit dai Itit sun ye dl ye dtit t'ol ma xa k'i he* dl es ya "Nevertheless something alive I smell," he said. Around his nest he started. ye nut de xtil k'a djo ma na 7tit dal I k'a dju 71H dai Itit stin He knocked him down. Again his mother came back. Again, "Live animal I smell," 6 ye' dl k'a dju da t'ol mai na des ya k'a dju ye ne de xtil ga she said. Again her nest's edge she started. Again he knocked her down. Then na stil le I ni yi dl ti k'e ye tltc xa gin stit le e de a won da the small one he took up he took him around with him. "So small .you will be," 8 ye' dl e 7a xa tej ye t'e I t'tik a yin la 6 e he € ke ye tltc sage he said. Just large enough to fly he made him then he went about with him. River on \[ dl la dai ni yi ti na 7ai ttin na 1'ai tc'I 6 lii ge k'a 1'Itc where was on a hill he put him. ' ' Over there bottom of the river fish are swimming about 10 gu ya 7m k'in ta la ye' di axa 6 ye' dl yunile' xa € yiin 1'a he do you see them? " he asked. "Yes," he said. "Jump on it." Then he jumped on it. gwa 6 yin tcut lii ge xain ti nat ts'I tsa 6 ya da ge gu u djon la Then he caught it. Fish he took out. "Why don't you eat it?" He ate it. "Is it good?" 12 ye' di axa 6 et dl wa tc'I dl ge 6 was o de wo tc'j 6 hwon- he asked. "Yes," he said. "From this time world it stands as long as eat it. t'lz ju t'a tcti7 7a won da With it you will live." 14 k'a dju yi dai dl es ya in t'l zo du ye dtin ne ttin ne Again forward he set out. Suddenly along there man's road on \[ k'e dl es ya djiin zo na dl ye yii 6 on ts'I yu a. na dl e was. On it he went. Here only he camped. Over there old woman was camped. 16 tc'I des ya ti cai' da k'i un na da dja na t'l ti cai dl dtin ne He went to her. "Grandchild, how have you been traveling? Grandchild these people mi te'e le tit du a won dai cl ye' dl mtit tu e ta de a tai ji' are bad. Not you will live," she said. "Girls three everything 18 me te'e le a cl' ma ji t'a nat ya dtin ne 7tit da wq i til ll ye' di bad in their bodies are staying. People they kill they are," she said. 1 These two words probably mean, "It is only what you have brought. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 307 ma ji t'a na di xe cl' a tai ye gin wq I e he € ko la' a du ke- In their bodies what stays all he killed that is why old man not he was - 2 nele ft* mi de tc'e ayinla* 1 Very angry he made him. I wo tac a due le hi ye" di gwa yin ka nai ya a cfi di- Then, "Arrows I will make," he said. "Now after it go," "Grand- mother what does he mean? " 4 do " di a t'l ye' di a cai' ke tc'e le di e di la yi ko na date ye di ye he said. "Grandchild a bad place, there he used to get it from he means. da won t'l a t'l k'l wo ll di na du zl na tci' na di ye" di Some kind of a place it is. Saskatoon where there are snakes large live there 6 I yo na da tci I e di a di yet di gwa yin ka des ya gwa € he is accustomed to go, that place he means," she said. Then for them he started. Then yo'naiya I wo" tsl € e es li € a da de la € gwa k'I € ts'it des ya he came there but with stones leggings he made for himself. Then saskatoon he went to. 8 gwa 6 ye ta nl ya e t'e gwa no du zl a tai ye tc'o wo des silt Then among them he came as soon as then snakes all rushed on him iw6" nl e tea a tai yut ts'un na In tcut lln do ya 7ut ya xul nevertheless (?). All his legs caught just he clubbed them. 10 gwa £ e" t'o nldtitdlya on des y a Then arrows he took. He started back. gwa € ye gon no na ta djl 6 a zil ca ml ka nai ya ye" di Then (?) from your father scrapper for me for it go," he said. 12 a zil kon des da tcP yifi ka du djl e ye di ye dut tea I tc'in- " The scrapper where I generally get it for it let him go," he said. His grand- mother he went to. nes ya a cai In da dla di dje zil dun ne ul ll I wo tc'ul I "Grandchild it is difficult there. Elk person is. Then cutbank 14 l'a dai I hwo € at 1'etc lin k'e tci 6 da mas di I na duz I tci yu- on the bank, he runs back and forth like a dog around it chases it. It barks - after it ya tltc lin k'e tcl e at du mun nus twa, ut du mo na tc'ai ya like a dog. Not without his knowledge not you can come up to him. 16 a yi a di gwa yo nl ya ya e dja ai e si sin xa tse € na gus 6 I That one he means." Then he came to him. He is ready for him. "Well, I first I saw you," ye" di xa tse e yi ts'I gu din die ye" di do wa ye" di xon- he said. "First down the bank you run," he said. "No," he said. Neverthe- less 18 tc'I a wo 6 yi tsl gu de' l"a yti nl £ ets I he da" di l'a I e xa € a du down the bank he ran. Because he kicked him he started to run. "Why not yi tci yi dai ma tun ne djl € nl 7m l'a k'a dju gu we na gut- down ahead his road you run?" Again along there they ran. 308 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ye dla k'a dju yii nl e ets ut du yu. nl e ets na yi yet dut ti ga Again he kicked him. Not he kicked him. He threw him down. 2 I ts'ut I tse me ts'I u a ye ze xai a tcu ne la ze xai ku. di- He fell. Below his wife killed him. "Stranger I killed," she thought. gu son dut tc'I u a a li 71 ze xai lg ye tci tc'e gi3 yd nai ya Her husband it was she killed. Below woman he came to. 4 yaglel'etc I £ e ye ya e xut 7a ye xiin ne xut me' a zll nldut- She was running about. There he knocked her down. He finished clubbing her. Stone he took for himself. dl ya on des ya no dja' He started back. He came back. 6 de' t'o £ a' yai 1 sit us t'a le ku di ne ta tc'in £ t'a sa ka- His arrows he heated. "I will put feathers on," he thought. "To your - father feathers for me go for," nlya ye' dl' t'a kon des da tcl £ yi ka du dji ye 1 dl k'a dju he said, "Feathers where I go for them after them let him go," he said. Again 8 mut tcu a tc'in nes ya a cai wo te in da dla € I € e dl a dl his grandmother he went to. "Grandchild, very difficult there he means." a cfin ye a dl et dl 1' da tcok' 1 na de lu. 1 'e dl w5 nai ya "Grandmother what does he mean?" he asked. "Large eagles are there." There he went. 10 dun ne € e tctin wo yo £ o In tc'I tee cl yo nl e dja ye nut- Person's odor he smells then from the wind side he watched him. He knocked- him down. dut di xut 7a lin a tai ya 7ut ye xut gwa t'a a de la e on des ya Then all he clubbed. Then feathers he made for himself. He started back. 12 k'a dju na ta tc'P tsV sa ka nai ya ye' dl tsV kon- Again, " To your father sinew forme go for," he said. "Sinew where I - always get it des da tci tsV ka do dji ye' dl ye k'a dju. mut tci| a tc'I nes ya sinew let him go for," he said. Again his grandmother he went to. 14 u cu'n yi a t'l a dl ye' di a cai In da dla is da dlok na tci' "Grandmother where does he mean?" he said. "Grandchild it is difficult. Grassy fiat large k'e xa k'l tcok' 1 na dl at du dtin ne yun nus to we yo na ya on large buffalo it is living. Not person without his knowledge comes to him. 16 ye wo € a diis dai yet ye lo da da de ts'I ut du dun ne ytin- His servants (?) birds on the ends of his horns they sit. Not person his knowledge es to I ut du ya € j ai yi a dl I € e dl ye din ya xa k'l sut ti not seeing that one he means." There he went buffalo lay 18 ko ya 1 tit ye dus de da in del na ya na 7m la xtit ye da da na- he came. Without cause birds flew up. He made them go down again. With- out cause they flew up again. nes del ye ka sun na 7m a 7a ye' dl ut t'o sun na 7m e ak ye' dl- " Why do you fool me? " he asked. "Leaves fooled me," he said. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 309 ye na nes t[ dlu. e a di dla yetc'j 6 at tun na a wo de dla He lay down again. Mouse he made himself. To it road he made. . : 2 o Ion sj 6 uttunna a won dla 6 gwa 6 yetsutt'a ya7a xatyel Many ways road he made. Then below the shoulder his hair he gnawed off. on dj5 ya 7a 6 xin xats I 6 e di ye de luts da tun na ta na de l'a Well his hair he gnawed. There he stabbed him. His road he ran away. 4 gwa yezexai tsV ni dut yl ya o des ya no dja Then he killed him. Sinew he took for himself. He started back. He came back. dje' na ta 6 tc'I 6 dje' sa ka nai ya dje' kon des da tee "Pitch to your father, pitch forme go for." "Pitch where I always get it 6 yin ka du dji 6 gwa 6 mut tcu. a, tc'in des ya a cu. da wo de for it let him go." Then his grandmother he went to. "Grandmother what kind a t'l a di ye' di a cai' dut tcin 71H da k'e dji dut tcin na tel' is it he means?" he said. "Grandchild, tree is like animal. Trees large 8 le dun ne cu 1 ga ze dji 6 V di zo 6 dje 1 ho lj ai yi a di 1 go wo growing together between only there pitch is. That he means. (?) ga yo ni ya 1 ga tsi djic a da de dla 6 ye t'a da ditc e he then he came to. With that stone mittens he made for himself. In them he put his hands. With 10 yu de ditc gwa da tcin ne ye tcutc ye in te'e a de xul a wo 6 he put them on, then stick he took he threw from one to the other but xon da ditc mut dji ce zo 6 * * * * l 1 l'a, 6 dje' ni dut 1 ya 1 wo he pulled his hand out. 2 His mittens only (?) After that pitch he took for - himself. Then 12 ko la ga a ne di ye ye tc'I 6 di e si gwa a tai ye Yut ye so old man (?) he used to dream about now all he killed. wo te me di e tcai a yin la 6 Very angry he made him. 14 iwo' muttueke inne tade dji tee ka do di e \V 7utdi Then his daughters those three "Berries we will go for," they said. dji tee ka 7ut di es del ca ji die je xa won t'e na ditc e le Berries they started for. "My son-in-law, grizzly bear just that way used to be there. 16 ka wo t'a ze ye' di gwa 6 go tc'I 6 7ut yes 6 atc djo 1 es da dlok We two will go to him," he said. Now thither they two started. "Here grassy point na tcl ; dju na di he le gl ye di ke 7ut din 6 atc ta di ye 7e large here he used to live," he said. They two came to the river. Three over there 18 i'o ke na de ya djo m5 ni I ni da ye' di mo ni e dja' ta yin- in the prairie stood. "Here you watch them," he said. He watched them. Them to run out 1 The narrator was unable to remember a few words at this point. 2 It was translated thus, but the meaning probably is that the trees beat against each other catching his mittened hand. He released himself by withdrawing his hand from the stone mitten. 310 Anthropological Payers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, de djut *a won dla 6 gwa 6 yit tc'et dl yes del ta de de ll wo dai he caused. Then they came to him three of them, one ahead of the other. 2 ye yet dain in hits gwa 6 dut tc'I u a. ka wot ye € na xus ke ge He shot through them. Then his wife he called to. ' ' Our children a tai ya 7ut des wo ye dl ye all he has killed," he said. 4 gwa gl des so a tai dl ge k'e he nai 7ut da 1'itc 7a lj 6 ti ye- Then he chased him. All world he chased him around. Then he started - to kill him. zlxai ml ge wo tea de ti e Ta wo t'o tci kawotye ga nes del Lake large he dived in. Pelican he called for. They lighted there. 6 tii yaTutdesdo a tai te ye gi yin ka na ta ga lin k'alazo* Water they drank all up. All in the water they looked for. Then nearly 6 a7aylle t djus dai kawotye dledji € ye' dl gwa 6 ya 7a they did it. Snipes (?) he called for. "Come here," he said. Then with him 8 ga go dji ya gi wo t'g tci a nat t'l ye ll muk ga ga € ac 1 they were going. "Over there pelican all of you just by him go," ye' dl I duz dai mut t'o tci ga nes del xut diis da sa but 1 he said.. Snipes pelican they lighted near. "Oh, snipes, my belly 10 indanadllde ye' dl du l da ti a tea 6 tsl 6 ts'un nai ka da dun- you seem to like," he said. "Somewhere black water bug skull I myself looked - for." nes ta In la w5 te ye 6 yi ze yi ye wot ye ai tai gi wa ni get One place in his mouth very all they stabbed him. 12 gwa 6 7in del a tai 7U ye nais detc ko la me te'e ie 6 j 6 j a ta Then they flew off. All along there they flew off. Old man. used to be bad all of him tu ye 7ut des wo water he was killed with. 14 e du we tcV gwa 6 yi dai dl es ya at du ton t'e dji 6 dl es ya From there then forward he started. Not far he went du ye dun ne ni ya ke ni ya djo 6 o zo 6 ko la' mut tsl 6 duk- along there man was going. He came down to the river. Here only old man his head was gray. 16 k'ul la ti sun na won nj ya me 6 a ll' ku dl ai la mut tcil le i' Miserable, he came there. "Who is it?" he thought. That one his younger - brother 6 ul ll lo es ke 7m ll do la ni luy 7ut ye 6 I me ul ll yu dl gwa- it was. Young men when they were they saw each other. "Who is that?" he thought. Then 18 hwe 6 7a 7ut da k'e he 6 le wo 7tit dltc I la 1 lo duY 7a 1 1 7m- the way they had lived they told each other. Then brothers of each other they were lin lo gwa hwe 6 le na 7ut dl then they knew. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 311 Agait'osdunne, The Hair Scrapings Man. 1 — First Version. In la di dun ne ne 1q k'a detc In t'l zo a zis a djin la de Once people many were going about. Suddenly hides where they had - been dressing 2 I e di wo tc'i € tc'it do a ut stik at hai tc'e gu a cl ne 6 ai tai from there child was crying. All women those all wa tc'P na wut de sutc 7a tin a du lj gl £ a a 7a In la de tcu yl € toward it ran. Then nothing they found. Hairs one at a time 4 wa nl gul lj on at du lj wq lj gwa hwe € tc'I ii a. wo tc'i € des ya they picked over. Then nothing was there. Then old woman toward it went. edlz5 a 7a t'a tc'it do a ka duz nl ye din tl dutc tcl ze 6 Only there among the hair child was crawling about. She took it up. Her mitten 6 t'a yin tin she put him in. e du tc'j 6 ya 711 1 da gii e t'l na tea 1 a dja € gwa k'a da tee Thereafter she took care of him. Quickly large he became. Then he walked about 8 a dja* I do we tee xa k'l tc'I dun na a ll Id 1 wo I'd ke zo ca it became. Thereafter from buff alo person he was because ' ' Grass only to me ni nul letc a cun* et di xai ye I 1'ok ya nil letc I xut 1'e ge bring, grandmother," he said. She did that; grass she brought for him. Dur- ing the night 10 ai tai I'o ke ne du we gii zo e xa t'l z5 da ton te ku di me- an grass was gone. Then "Only that he is doing," she thought. His grand- mother tcu a. yu. di he na yun nes t[ ye k'ai ta miit tciit de € ga nl tc'il di thought about him. She lay down again. She looked at him. Her blanket there was a hole through 12 yedlwotc'i 6 yukk'aita gu zo nl € I ya at duk gat at ye 2 xa k'l from there she watched him. All at once he got up ; he shook himself imme- diately buffalo a dja € yekausl ku di ye yu e djl e na nes tj giizo 6 xa t'l lo he became. "Why did I do this?" she thought. Under that she lay down again. Then ' ' What are you? ' ' 14 yii di e du wa tc'i e on djon ya 7ut da she thought. After that well she kept him. Int'Izo tca e e tc'tit tc'tit daitc dun ne gos tai ku di e [ € [ tea Then beaver they were after. "People I will look at," he thought. Beaver 16 tc'iit ditc utdii dun na dje dut di hi ai yl ut sun tea tsun 6 they were eating. Not people pitied him (?). That meat beaver meat 1 Told by Louiscon, Alexander Cardinal interpreting. This text was also traced in part. 2 Probably for tit t'e, "immediately." 312 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X r ya e i na nes € ak 11 ml de tc'e on lj a wg € In la t'l ko la mai- he saw. He was fooled. Very he was angry but one old man (?) 2 yi tc'I e tcu dl ya yi € g tea* ts'un ne 6 dtin ne 1'g ni dl I 'u* he gave him. Beaver leg bones after the people were gone he took up then yut ye duk dl e ci tew a, de € ut de jo tea* zo wa xai lis es si he swallowed it. "If I pass it only then beaver you will kill," 4 ku ye dl he thought. galinlo mut tew a. es ke ge en ne zo e dtin ne ke gut ditc Then his grandmother boys those only people were going about. 6 In da lin ya gut dl but' mut tcu a dun ne k'e ya 7ail ditc mai- Then they were starving. His grandmother after the people was going about. Her nephews ze' e me gall ya dl but gu ye en da dla he 6 a cun e da uc- then were starving. With them it was difficult. ' ' Grandmother I will fish 8 yuj je tea tii wa ts'a tse I € e dl uc cii djo la lii ge a t'e ci beaver lake old one there, grandmother, here fish there are," edl Iwo' Ide ya taYanlxIl moedaucgujjl e* dl ' yiie da e e'- he said. Then chisel for him she cut the ice. "I will sit for it," he said. "Where he is fishing 10 guc dji de e ca tca € na tel' xain la I tc'a gu lai l dut tcin I will go," Beaver large he took out. (?) stick te na yut sits I e e do Yai guc ce 1 la e dl an t'l e xun ne xul a eg he pushed in the water. There he was fishing. (?) Four he clubbed. ' ' ' Grandmother 12 I ts'I lii ge dl an t'e zl a xai ye' dl mut tcwa/ ye tc'I des ya down there fish four I killed," he said. His grandmother toward it. started gu zo tea 6 na tel dl an t'l ze' xain lo I lo a dl ni ye din la Behold beaver large four he had killed those he meant. She took them up ; 14 gu wes gunge 6 na yi la tca e tsun 6 7a ts'et a ciin tea ts'us- in the fireplace she put them down. Beaver meat they ate. "Grandmother, mesentery dl le 6 ca ne ts'ul ye dl e xa yin la for me roast," he said. She did that. 16 gwa 6 mut tcu a dun ne k'e ye dl es 7m yit da 6 na 7ut ye lo Then his grandmother after the people she carried him. Ahead they had - been living dun ne ga 6 1 e dja € tea tc'iis dl le € ut sits dun ne ut du dje- people they saw it was. Beaver mesentery he was eating. People not (?). 18 da dut dl ne 2 gi gai 7ut de la a 7ai t'us dun ne e yi on I ya wos ya They went after him. Agait'usdunne over there he went. tea tcos dl le e gi ge dut de ya gi tc'a, k'ut de na 7I de tci 7I tye Beaver mesentery they went after. The children they were carrying they put - down. "Spear handle (?)." With negative it was translated, "became crazy." 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 313 lin 6 gi de tcai a gi yin la e yi ts'I 6 mai ze tea w5 6 dai is 16 dji Very angry they made him. Down his uncle for beaver where he set snare 2 I e de In k'e tin tci ut dain tcii da t'l a t'l ye dl ye ca there on that he started to cry. Himself too "What is it?" he asked. ' ' For me za za wo xai ll ye dl I ga hwe € tca € tea ts'un ne I I ce tco 6 kill it," he said. Then beaver leg bone he passed. 4 lin do in na dl xe ci ai yi ai tai muz ze xa ya 7m la Then all who were there those all his uncles took them out. e du we tc'i e yit dai 6 7ut des da k'a djii ye 7ut yi but* From there ahead they moved off. Again they were starving 6 a wo dja 6 1 dl xa k'l nes to 1 tea 6 I tc'ut dl ye dun ne ta ke- it happened. "There buffalo not knowing I saw," someone said. From among - people wo ne dji e t'o niYutdlla dun ne teg' 1 yi ka des ya xak'i arrows he took. People asleep for them he started. Buffalo 8 na de lg won ni ya ye tc'I ni des ya xa k'l a dja e xa t'e ye ni- were there he came. To them he was coming buffalo he became. Just he started to play. tc'i ate a tai ya 7m wo All he killed. 10 yi dje na da le mut duy 7a wesofiga 2 won tea de a wo- He was going back for him fireplace large when it had been prepared tc'in dla de ts'a de ts'I mut tcii 6 tctltc k'ut te'e tcti7 7e da they were sitting. His grandmother wood who was sitting on crying 12 u cu ye wo a dl dl ye dl ye In la dl xa k'l ma na du e hi "Grandmother, why do you say that? " he asked. One buffalo their (?). dun ne mais tea. 6 ne dl to I et'u in la dl mais tj I wo ton 6 I 6 I Man his bow one he had taken, arrows one bow he was holding. 14 k'a la 7e kai me as et dl me as e dl dun ne tun ne dut lute "Caught in the willows, who said that of me? Who said that of me? Person's road who carries arrows." lin do at du ll nawoteye 6 I wo et du ut de t'ok dut si 6 Just nobody spoke. That is why not he shot. Their heads 16 on ke t'e e in le dai yi tcutc k'e yin ni yltc tci yit da gin la na xa- two he held together. He broke them. He threw them in the fire. ' ' Your animals 7ut dai dac la lo yit dai xe t'l e na de hi ku ye dl he tc'a gin del what did I do to? " "Ahead they were staying," they thought. They started off . 18 ko la in la t'l e dl dun ne 1'q e sut da xa k'l k'a but t'a Old man one here after the people left sat. Buffalo fat his blanket ya t'o e I dut tea 7a xai ya 7m 6 o a ca xa k'l ya dji tc'ii ne 6 he had put that for his grandfather he pulled out. "Grandfather, buffalo young wolves 1 Translated ' ' after everybody lay down ' ' ; compare dun nel'oe, " after the people left , ' ' 1. 18 below. 4 2 See, gii wes gun ge e , p. 312, 1. 14 above. 314 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ye ze xai lg I k'a la but t'as t'g I yu di e ya yin £ g ut du xa- killed it is its fat." "I put it in his blanket," he thought. He gave it to him. ' ' Not young buffalo fat 2 k'a k'a a ll ku di gwa hwe € dut tea' da di a gun ne t'e it is," he thought. Then his grandfather he told it was. gu ye t'o eeci ye na 71U di ye xa da xat (?) da 71H t'o e ye na- " Their arrows they will know (?). Their own arrows if they know 4 7tlt di e de € I 7a de xa k'l yl gut u le cin de tee a ca 7ut di by that buffalo let them take. I was angry they said that of me." ut du xa k'a at du k'a ul li ku di mut tea' 1 wo ke ne ll "Not young buff alo not fat it is," he thought his grandfather because he was glad. '6 gwa hwe € mut tea da di gu ye t'o us si e na gut di ut de € 1 7a da Then his grandfather he addressed. ' ' Their arrows if they know by that xa k'l ni gut u ll gu ye di go tc'i e mut tea' dun ne k'e tun te'e buffalo they will take," he told them. Thither his grandfather after the people he moved. 8 xa k'l se tetc kii7utdlye gl e 6n e de ts'I lo ye 7a djo 1 da ts'a "Buffalo are lying there," they thought. Over them they were sitting. "Why here are you sitting? " gu ye di ma 7ut da wo 1'ul ku 7ut di ye la 7ut t'l 1 ya7idaide £ he asked. "We will snare them," they thought. (?) if they are alive 10 xa wot t'e la gu ye di ko la 1 w5 ye tc'I € a a ya la e t'ai na- it would be like that," he said old man, but to them he came immediately, "Your arrows xai t'o e me da din € ai si in do wa lei gu ye di ut dain a cu yu those they are sticking out of you take," he told them. "I myself and my - grandmother 12 na xa gut dai wo lj ku di da t'a si tc'ul la k'e ni da sul la xa k'l our animals there will be," he thought. His own poor arrows he left on buffalo ye le da ni € ets they all stepped on. 14 a 7ai t'os dun nai ti sun ne a di zun 1 € e di yit dai dun ne Agait'Ssdunnai miserable was becoming. There ahead people ne 1q me di hi gl yl di mat t'u e ma tc'a € I xa des ya ya k'ai- many their boss they had his daughter they did not like. He went out. She looked at him. 16 ta e na dai € yin dji e djes dun ne ye* di li € yin de tc'I a ye di "Your eyes I do not like," she said. Really he became angry 1 he € ya 1'q e wa tc'j* des ya ya 1'g e 1 sul luts gu e t'e gu- because behind her toward he started, behind her he urinated. Quickly her abdomen (?) 18 tc5 mut tcwa, ga ni ya tc'indi 1 kwe. awa'dlj et di tc'in di her child was born. "Medicine lodge make," he said. Medicine i "Ghost, spirit" (?). 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 315 kwe. a gin la € mut ta 6 yi le sj € k'e wo hits us si e di gwa e lodge they made. "His father who is let him urinate on," he said. Then 2 tc'in di kwe. a 7I li' ni 71I11 ni del ta na 7ut det tetc on 7wa li medicine lodge which they had made they went in. They missed him once in a - while. Then for good na dii e mut ta € tilled lit du a da tc'ut di a 7a t'os dun ne i* he was gone. His father he is not they knew. Agait'osdunne 4 Izg' a du wa tc'it da ya xa 4 dun ne a lgn t'e djo' a tc'it du yi only not went there. "Well, man it is here let him come." £ 6n mut tew a/ uc ci ti sun na ye ka a da di a 1 ya di I yu a di Then his grandmother, ' ' My grandchild pitiful concerning this what are you - saying?" she said. She liked it 6 xon t'6 wo e wo tc'j e des ya ni ye de mut tc'i € tc'tit de ti tit' ye that is why thither he started. When he came to it he took it, immediately ye k'e sul lilts on him it urinated. 8 a tai i te'e gu yu a 711 t'os dun na I' gii na tun na ai tai All the woman too Agait'osdunne their clothing all gii k'tlt ts'e des la guyetc'g 6 kon € a tai dg' te'e nes suz € on they stripped off. From them fire all (?) they put out. Then 10 mut tew a.' ts'e' xon yu tsi a le t'aiya7inla gii ye tc'g € miit- his grandmother sinew fire too pillow she put inside. From them his grand- mother tcw$, ti gun ni yu di giilo 6 xtlt dun ne gin € atc gii ts'e xain la they drove off. ' ' I wish in the morning when they get up sinew they will take - out." 12 xat dun ni gin e ats tit dii li gi ye at t'i wq li a cu. tc'i a le e In the morning they got up nothing they could use was there. "Grandmother's pillow t'a na ni t'a ye' di ye tc'it des ya e t'i zo ts'e' I yu kon* look inside." he said. She started to it. All at once sinew under fire 14 yii se se la Ion kon € na 7m la e gii hi 6 e t'o sa a ne le' te'e gu- she has left. Fire she built again. "I wish arrows forme you make," woman te'e e di xa da k'ut dai 6 me te'e le hi ta si ya on la* gii lu € he told. Just willow poor arrow she made for him. ' ' I wish 16 tc'ii ne ta di tc'ii na € hV a xo na wo wo site e di ye ut du wolves three wolves I wish would come to us," he said. Not la dai k'a djo tc'ii na ta di 7a wa sil a tai ya 7m wg I te'e- long again wolves three were coming. All he killed. The woman 18 guii ye tc'i 6 des ya yinwo 6 dai € I tcut ya 7at ta de da to them she went. Their noses she took hold of. She rubbed them. Three a tai xai yin la e 7tlt t'a wo ne ta wo ni I t'a 7a gin del gii lii 6 all she took out. The skins untanned . inside they went. "I wish, 20 ma tci ke nin de ta di ma ta 6 wa' sil wo le € e' di ut du la de caribou thirteen you will run along it will be," he said. Not long 316 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [VoL X, ga wa' sil a tai ya 7m wg ga a zis tc'u. a 7ut de dla 6 k'a dju, they came. All he killed. For them skin tipi they made. Again, 2 xut da ta dl hV a xa ga 6 la ni wo sit ta dl yu ga € ni wo nl sut "Moose three I wish by us would run." Three by them came. 1 dju a tai ye 7m wg ga lin a t'a zi' at du ll 1 gut dut li Those too all he killed. Then leather nothing they had 4 a gut dja they made. mut tee yi' gu ga 6 wut ye don ke a na wo ke le a el gu ye dl His father-in-law "With them very famine you will die with," he told them. 6 muttcwa.i ai yi zo e k'e a ka da 7m sut 1 e he 6 a du don His grandmother, she only after fat he left. With that not (?) 1 de xa 7a lj 6 don ke gu ye in da dla xut dut da t'a gun na- (?) just starvation with them was hard. Just that way they were dying 8 ke so ku 711 1 di e tco na wo de li kii dl ga € na 7a del ga lln € they thought. "Well, we will come," they thought. Then they came. Then at du na gut dut del e di ga ni gin del gii tse do at du sai not they could go, there they came back. "Formerly not I 10 gii ya at sun a wos li he si gii ye di gii tse do a tcii dez ya for them meat I will get, I said," he said. Before he went away, xat da' na hi 7ilt di le de € at dii xa la dl ii 7iit t'ii gii yet de "Moose many when they go not the leader shoot," he told them, 12 a wo e ga ni gun ni del ga xa da was sil t'ais 1'a tci' i zo ii 7iit t'ii "but when they come, they run out those behind only shoot." awon € me zi dun ne a lido' xaladi diin ne I e de luts me- But owl person when he was the leader man he shot. His wife 14 te'I ii a. a zis won de dla ye des so ton tl a te'e ni l'a 15 ye 1- skin (?). She chased him. Far he stopped running, he fell. ts'ut lg xwon tl / yut dai nul lj at dii 6 gwe de ta na won tsit' "This kind animal you are. Not quickly you will die," 16 ye* di gazis yet dii ne ditc gwa me tci ii % ne na 1 dja I wo' she said. "Skin you roll up in." Then his wife got up. Then me zi 1 mut si* muk k'a ts'et de 7al I wo la miit tsl € na tco de owl his head they clubbed that is why his head is large. Agait'osdunne, The Hair Scrapings Man. — Second Version. 18 xa k'ai zis ai yi t'a e do we ts'e 6 ts'it do tit suk i e di Buffalo hide inside it from there child cried. Then wut s'it ti a ja i e di xa k'i 7a 6 ai yi ta zo* ts'it do sut da' she started to it. There buffalo hairs among them only child sat. 20 ni yi di ti ti sun ne yu di mut dai ya sun ne € un a wo ne € tin- She took it up. Poor thing she thought about it. They tried to prevent her, but "It is pitiful" 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 317 sun ne yii di nl ye dl ti ya Yiit da yen de ce she thought. She took it up. She cared for it. She raised it. 2 gu e t'e nut ca a t'i a cun € ye di Yd gi zg e ca yii e Quickly large it was. "Grandmother," he said, "grass only under me ni ni le l ye di I'o gi zg e ye yii e ni li ai yi xa 1'e gi ut du lj put," he said. Grass only under him she put. That during the night nothing 4 se € o nun zo ' on lj a cai da t'i an t'i yii di mut ts'ut de- lay there. Ground only was there. " My grandchild what are you doing," she thought. Her ragged blanket tc'il k'e wo tc'P yuk k'a ta xut 1'e ge xa k'i na tci' ni i get through it she looked at him. At night buffalo large he got up, 6 dus ti e ut sit a cai xa k'i lg a t'j yu di what he was lying on (?) he ate up. "My grandchild buffalo is," she thought. dun ne do € a wo xa k'i € ts'a £ i dun ne ne lg ne a t^j People famine was killing. Buffalo someone saw. People were many it was. 8 xat Yi dji € mm ka ts'a du de li inlazo € awo'j ku di xa k'i "Tomorrow after them we will go. All together we will do it," he thought. Buffalo ya € j xa Ye ge dun ne tco' dun ne € e t'o e dun ne ta k'e we- he saw. At night while the people were asleep peoples' arrows among the people ' one from eadh 10 ne e t'e e e t'o ni din tg xut 1'e ge xa k'i ka des ya ya e \ arrows he took. At night buffalo he started for. He saw them. ye ts'it des ya ye ga ni ya et du ye ne djit yii da t'ii ai te He started toward them. To them he came up. Not they were afraid of him. He shot them. All 12 ye ze l xai dun ne e t'o don li mug 7ut dai £ da yiin \\' ku di he killed. "People's arrows they are his animals they will be," he thought. k'e ni dai yes tg di us cii yii ut tsun 6 a do die he yii di de t'g He placed them on them. "This my grandmother meat we will make," he thought. His own arrows 14 gn ke t'i k'e ni la two he placed on them. yi de dun ne ka na des ya yi di zo kon ne tcai a ts'in la* Back to the people he started back. Just back there fire large someone - had made. 16 dun ne 70 no Yiit dja mut tcwu. tcutc k'ut dje € at tsiik a cii To the people he came back. His grandmother on the wood was crying. ' ' Grandmother, da na da dun ne muY yut da in ka din ya ne ni k'e sut dii- what is the matter? " "People their animals for you went, 'On you we will - build a fire' 18 li di ne di me* a ce di et di dun ne a tai un ne di ye dun ne they say of you." " Who says it of me? " he asked. "People all say it of you. People 318 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ut du mi nl di ge a tc'et di' na xa Yiit dai e du \\ tai 1'a I e di not are pleased they say." "Your animals none ran away. There 2 xut 1'e a na € u di xe mut ts'it ta na dll at du li tai 1'a e di at night they are still there to them go. None has run away," he said. dun ne l'g e I e di sut da ko la li gi ya ga sut da a ca, After the people had left there sat old man one. By him he sat. "Grandfather," 4 I e di tc'ii yu na ya ya ze ze' xai I la 711s *I ye di a ye di he said, "wolves young one killed I saw," he said. (?) he said. dun ne k'e 7ut des € atc I e di xa k'l a t'l 1 e di zg € sut ti After the people they two started. There buffalo were. There only they lay 6 ut ts'i tc'ut sut ti ye tc'e a e di mut ts'it sut des del xa k'i toward they were lying. In front of them there toward them they went. ' ' Buffalo anaiidehe ku 71a t di awon € 71 ts'e des del ai te ye7inwg we will surround (?) " they thought, but they went to them all he had killed. 8 e t'6 xa k'ai k'e da se tg me na ts'et di e ka wo te dtin ne Arrows on the buffalo lay on them by those they knew them. Very people I nl di ge e do wo lo were pleased. The end. Atceco Kills Buffalo. 10 da' dun ne ya'dibatdu xa k'ai tcV i tes 6* ne du we tajowe Then people when they were starving buffalo someone saw. Guns were none. Open place 6 a t'j e e' et du € a* tc'el le a jg on t'e xa 1'e dje me da cj xa nac € I because it was not they could do anything it was. "Tomorrow that we may - corral them, fence 12 a tc'ul le ts'et di a yi € e' a yi ze nl he € me tc'e tc'el le li gi tc'ut do we will make," they said. Then that day they left them. One boy e e tee cq € 6 ye da ne' jj £ ka des ya dla. a yi *e' da ne 1 ye tc'j € me- AtcecQ called people (?) after them he started. Then people at him they were angry. 14 dje xain ke da ne' £ ai k'e a jo f a' won t'e e e' xa 1'e ta mifika People all because (?) they were next day after him ka tc'e tes del they started. 16 ac ka ne du we gwa at dun ne t[ da xa k'ai ka des ya 1q ts'uz- Boy was gone. Then he himself alone buffalo started after. "Letus- kill him," zu xail et tc'ut di gwa mi ka tc'ut des del 7it da 7a kwon ne tea* they were saying. Then after him they started. Waiting for him fire large 18 *a 7m la e djn 7ut des ts'i na 7ut dat me tc'gn ye ne xe ya 7a they made. There they were sitting. He was coming back. His grandmother raised him over there 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 319 kwon tc'ai me tcwon' a tcuk sut da £ a cgn £ ye ka ne tcuk 7a ye dl behind the fire his grandmother crying sat. ' ' My grandmother, why are you - crying?" he asked. 2 djo ne € tse zii xai le ne tc'et di ayi*e' a cuk' ye di me 1 a ce dl "These people 'We will kill him' they say of you." Then "Grandmother," he said, "which one cut da da di a ce dl j cj me da € tc'e ne djit ke k'e said that of me show me." They were afraid of him. 4 xa* gwa xa k'ai ka tc'ut des del e dj na di *j € j 7m yl ka di \ j Then buffalo they started after. Where they had been they went to look. gwa k'a me da t'j tc'e 1 na a xa* yin a son 1 a yj € ac ka gu k'e na 7a- Still they were to be seen. "Hold on, they might see us." That boy after them went along. 6 dal tc'e xa k'ai na nl ylc a cg € gi ye dl 7a a yi xa k'ai ja ga wg "Hold on, buffalo might see you," they said. For them these buffalo he killed. gu tac e me is ke ge na lg on ke k'l xain la e e * e yl e e ' y [ ka des- His arrows his children many two he took out. Then to this he started. 8 yalg xutl'e7e e dj xa k'a ya7in7glg da' xun na on ke k'l That night there buffalo he killed. Some of them two 7a da sel la mes ke ge in la t'j xa k'ai I la di gu ya da sel la 6 a- he gave to them; his child one, buffalo one he alloted. Then 10 yi € e* ya7a7itda they were saved. Atceco Kills a Bad Man. 1 la 70 t'e di ya tc'e di bat e u' lu ge na Iq a da tc'e di gfi ka One time they were starving. Then fish many they knew in that direction 12 tc'a del e dj ko la me tc'e le na di ye e e da tc'et di € a yl' e e' they traveled. There old man bad was living they knew. Then na du e e cj ku tc'ut dl e yl e e gwa tc'j £ tc'a del e j e [ k'a ye di he was away they thought. Then thither they had traveled still there 14 *a t'l lg a yi ac ka na ts'ut le a ce ma k'a wo cj € et dl me na- he was. That boy small, "Grandfather I will visit," he said. His friends djl ne yu la yet dl € in k'ai dec but ca in da wo de dla. ma k'a- " Do not," said. "Nevertheless, I am starving forme it is hard, I will visit - him," 16 7a wo ce' et di wo te na ts'e ne € tin e a wgn e yiii ka des ya he said. Very they restrained him but to him he started. yo nai ya a yi ko la ye ka di ya ye di a ca € dec but a yi e e He came to him. That old man, "Why, did you come?" he asked. ' ' Grandfather, I am starving because 18 du' di € e ni ka ts'i ts'i de ca e yi € e* £ ac t'i ye di r ku la at du this way to you I came. That is why I am," he said. Old man "Not 320 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, la de ye dl € a wg t'j *g din da ye dl ne ju cail e ci e ca' k'a da- long time," he said, "you will be. Go back," he said, "I will kill you." ' ' Grandfather as people 2 ne e dini dll a din dl e g lu ge ma ne t'es et dl me tc'i yu 7a (?) you speak." "Well fish cook for him," he said. His wife ja lu. we se t'e me' juc xai le kii dl ko la gwa € a yl ac ka for him fish cooked. "I will kill him," he thought old man. Then that boy 4 lii ge yat tset' da ne t'e lii ge 7m tset k'a 7m da € on t'e a tce- fish he ate. "What are you? Fish you ate still you live. You are Atcecwa," cwa ye di a ca € u. da e 7ac t'e xa t'e ca ni tcut di ai ye e e he said. ' ' Grandfather, then what am I thus to me you gave to eat. Then 6 a 7iis set cin di ge wo lj' da was di xa a din di kwon k'e a gon* I ate it. I was glad it was. What did I do you speak that way? But cin di ge tc'ai on lj' I am glad it is." 8 k'atcii ma in t'es yedi ma tc'i yu wa tc'i ya et'e € e'du dane" "Again for him cook," he said. His wife for him she cooked. "Not person xa ci le da on le € j € j e [ k'ai tc'in t'e da * wo t'a ci e ca. da goc di he ka did it to me it has been. Nevertheless supernatural power we will use on each - other." "Grandfather, what am I to do 10 *a din di hwon k'e awo € cedeye € nelg 7m tset aca' nunne xats'e* you speak that way? " "But my food much you ate." "Grandfather, you first a ce ne le 1 ye di e yi ko la ga tc'in t'e a yin la te ka tee tcok' a yi do something to me," he said. That old man supernatural thing he did. Large frog that 12 me \\ sut da ng € ye' di ai ye ac ka ye di ye de duk' u nun nai his palm sat. "Take it," he said. That boy he told. He swallowed it. "Now you *a ce ne le ye di i he a ca ii da ye € et da wac de u ka a din di- do something to me," he said. "Yes, grandfather, what do I know because - of which you speak that way? " 14 kwofi k'e € a won gwa ut tee con 6 te ka tee at cut le de duk But then, "AtcecQ frog small you swallowed, da ne t'e at du kindine 6 a l e aca ( 6 u da was t'e e u ka a din de how is it not you minded it?" "Grandfather what am I because of which you say that?" 16 ku la ye de duk' ga cu 6 e tc'itc a dja € Old man swallowed it, then hardly he breathed it became. e tee co xwon e de la kii la 6 at dun ni a ce' i at da wo di a yi e e* AtcecQ ran back. Old man "He he did it to me he knows." Then 18 a tee con* gwa tanadel'a metc'iyiiwa* wo t'e iitco' me k'e no ya AtcecQ then he ran back. His wife, "Very well after him go, *a'nacudle ye' k'e de ca te'e ge tsj € ti sun ne etdu gwa cue- get him to cure me." After him she started, woman it was pitiful. "Not yet I can marry 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 321 da a yg w5n t'j na nu tj ye dl I he e' di ye ts'i* xwon nl dja it is. Let him keep you," he said. "Yes," she said. Toward him he turned - back. 2 gwa k'a xwon dju e djitc ja k'ain e djin gwa k'a e djic lg e yl Yet so well he was breathing. Over him he was singing. Still he was - breathing. That te ka tee lin do 6 me ze k'e li ye dun ne £ g gwa t'ai ts'tit frog at once his mouth he closed. Then he died. 4 gwa ta na de dla ye dV e no dja da € o wun ne da € a ne t'j e e ce' Then he ran back. Back there he came. " How did you live, you are?" "My grandfather wo te* tcii ya lg fit du me te'e le wo dja tcun ni cut gus set a k'ai very was kind. Not he is bad. Well he fed me. I ate it." 6 ku la me te'e le £ j *j € ut da tc'et dl a yl € e me dje ne djit gwa Old man used to be bad they knew. Then they were afraid of him. Then e tee co yezexai wo' te dtin ne € [ nl dl ge a dja* gwa go tc'j e AtcecQ killed him. Very people were pleased it happened. Then to it 8 ts'e di es da liigeka ayi € e' dunne nelone dayutda me tc'i- they moved camp, for fish. Then people many were saved. His wives yiie nelg dana yaywo ayitc'iyo 6 a nryedilehl € aik'e nina- were many. People he had killed the wives of those those he had taken, all they took. 10 tc'et dl la ayl € e da ne 1 nelgne £ j dl ge a dja € e te'e di e tee co Those people many they were glad it happened they say, AtcecQ. Agait'osdtjnne Marries the Chief's Daughter. a Yai t'os dun ne' e lj lg et du a da tc'et dl xo te dun ne ti sun ne Agait'osdunne it was. Not they knew. Some kind man, miserable 12 dun ne £ 5 dji 6 ti sun ne dun ne' e lj xo t'e dun ne ye te'e I ne man, more than that miserable man he was. Such man they despised, e du H* ze € xai e yl e he* li gin dun ne min kai e lj dun nai ti nothing he killed because of that. One man respected was. Headman 14 tc'et dl me tu e xon djo ya Tut da ke te'e le hwu ke woe e al e- they called him. His daughter well he kept her. From bad he kept her. On account of that yl tea* won dju ya yut da well he kept her. 16 giizo € int'Izo ma but ne tea 6 a dja € don t'l wo' 6 t'e yu di Then suddenly her belly was large it happened. ' ' How did it happen is it?" he thought. mut ta € a da tcii di ku di ye tc'i tc'ut d5 a le hi a da tc'u li hi "Its father will be revealed," he thought. "From whom child is made it will - be revealed," 18 ku. di mut ta € tc'ain t'e € e l in da de dla na tun ne ya dje 7a ytit da he thought, her father. With supernatural power, strong thunderbirds young ones he was keeping. 322 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, kwa. e awondla € e di ml ka nuc tai € ku dl dun ne ai t'e e dl ni la The cage he made, "There to it I will look," he thought. People all there he took. 2 me € a t'i et dl in du e dun ne ai t'e et dl ai yl na tun ne ya je f i € \ "Who did it?" he asked. "No," people all said. "That thunder bird young one ts'e xon t'e me da t'j € a yin la € € a t'i et dl kii yin da ma tcos ye e yl outside thus it appear make it it is," he said. "Go in his fine feathers those 4 xat de 7a e yi 7a de yin ka ne ta 7a a ye e j kwe na tc'et date will be that way." That sign at it he would look that way they were coming - in. dit dl 1 et du na 7ai da xon t'e That one not it moved it was. 6 gwa a 7m t'os dun ne a yl jg w5n \\ won dun ne ait'ela etdi Then Agait'osdunne that one only it is, "Here people all are?" he asked. in la t'l dun ne' gwa k'a et du jo na se ya et di ko wa lj ye di "One man yet not only he has come," he said. "He is there," he said. 8 kii n ya e yi a 7a t'os kii in ya et t'e me tcoc ye e xa dja 6 ya 7m ya He came in. That Agait'osdunne he came in at once his feathers stood out - thus. a yi tc'i me tco wg lj lg kii dl me tee* "From that one her child is," he thought; his father-in-law. 10 e yi wo te ti sun ne me tcwe. ye tc'i e ka de *a t'a 7un nu ts'i di That very miserable his child to him he sent. "Let them die," ye di ofi gu ge de ti 5n kii des la e du lj gunatunne* t'a 7ais ke he said. He threw her away. He threw them away. None their clothes they should wear. 12 tj tsun ni da' et du a 7iit di hi yo a kii 7iit di a yi da zo a wo de ci It was pitiful. "Not they could do anything," they thought. That man, "We will live," et di tc'ain t'e £ e l xut da gu yo na get ye ze' xai a yi me zis xut t'e he said. With supernatural power moose came up to them. He killed it. That its skin just 14 ye 7a 6 a yin la € k'us du e g ke 7ut de t'e xo tco a 7ut di dla e e yi its hair he made. Dress two of them good they made. He xa 7tlt dai on lj djo a 7ut di 6 et di' da' e yi me da t'i e yi t'a dji that kind of a being he is. There they were. If he said anything that ap- peared. With that 16 7a 7ut da yas k'e € ut da ze r ut du te ge sun ne 7a he won li go tco they lived. Winter all not miserable they were. Good tinda € ine w5te ya7adibutlg guyifika na gut des del giizeze € ka e those they moved away from very they were starving. To them they were com- ing. As a corpse 18 oii gi de ti e yi € e' et dii gu ya ni tcut ut da le e zg l gu ya ne e g they threw him away because of that not he gave them food. Blood only he gave them. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 323 ut da le' na lg gu ya ne € g a 7ut dun ne gi ze' xai t'a dji 7a wo dai Blood much he gave them. Those people "He kills with that we will live," 2 giiyedl aiyl e e' yutdai ka desya metc'iu. £ e. 6 tc'in £ xalade 7a7ol they said. Then animals after he went. His wife "Ahead walks," et dl et du 71 zu xail et dl li gi dun ne dun ne tc'ul la' e lj' a yi she said, "not you kill," she said. One man bad man was. That one 4 ye jo ai yi 7ut dai ai t'e 71 ye da wg € t'a dji ya 7a 7it da he shot it. Those animals all they killed with that they lived. gu z5 me tc'i ii a ne du. we tcec g kii di tc'e ge xa de zis 7a zo Then . her husband (?) was not. "He is wounded," she thought, woman. Moose skin robe 6 in tcut e e' yifi ka des ya ye t'a se ya k'a won sut le 7iit da lg £ a zis when she took for him she went. To him she came. Still a little he was alive. Kobe ye tsl € k'e dayetsuz'e' naye7inda € 7ut dai ts'i dun ne e \[ lg on his head when she put she made him alive again. From an animal man was. 8 a 7un t'os et du lj da' ma in da wot de dla € Agait'5sdunne nothing for him was hard. The Orphan Boy Kills Beaver. 1 a t'a mut tcit le ma 1 ma ta € ai yi yu t'ais ki mut tcil le Young woman, her younger brother, her mother, her father, these too had died. Her younger brother 10 ne cl don 1 k'e dun ne ta na ke tea 6 tu wut tc'a dje gu e she raised. Famine people was killing. Beaver lake along ts'unni dakehe 6 made ya7ail us tun ne aiyi € ca 7am get they came. His sister was carrying a load. ' ' Ice that for me cut a hole - through. 12 dji ze woe dai € e* t'o k'ut ya' 7m 7at lu ge wgn e wos dai e By a hook I will sit. Arrows willows shave; for fish I will watch. yi du7 7et de xont di k'on 1 he € ye dl Up on shore make a fire." "Yes," she said. 14 ediwotc'i 6 * 7utdi estate kon7a 7m da k'a djii' 1 e e di From there they two went on. By the fire he sat. Again there wo ts'it desya e t'o te nit sit' tsa € na lg' yu get xa ya 7m tgn thither she started. Arrow he stuck in the water. Beaver many he speared. He pulled it out. 16 xal I he xaiya7inwg made ga no dja tca £ ni din le 7on- Club with he killed it. His sister he came back to. "Beaver get it." She started to it. des ya tea 6 na ni la xa ya da ne lut Beaver she brought. She singed them. 1 Told by Ike with Alexander Cardinal serving as interpreter. 324 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ga con' dun ne k'e des ya xa ya da ne hit yii mut tcil le Then after the people she started. She had singed them her brother 2 7a 7ait dut tcil le yuk k'e da se da tea* 1 he ye tcut tsa daitc she carried. Her brother on her sat. Beaver with they were working for gu ye ya 7ai le ts'a e j e mut tc'j € sut di des del ya tc'I tj ai ye along there she carried him. They saw him. To him they went. She put him - down. Those 4 ma tce € mu ni ts'ut di la ai te xa tc'a gi la their tails they took from him. All they took. ai yi 1'on don ti gi un ni wo mi de tc'I atc'inla* tea 6 tc'a- After that famine was killing them. He was angry they made. Beaver knee bone 6 t'sun ne € ai ye 7tit set' yin de tc'ai a t'l ne don € ti ni wo yi- that he ate. Because they made him mad famine was killing them. They sent - for him. k'a wo de e yecetsg 6 k'a djii tca e na 1q na 7a ze xai ga won- He defecated. Again beaver many they killed again. Then well 8 tco yun gi da they lived. The Moose that Had Been a Man. dun ne ne 1q tc'a del xa Tit dg els k'a ga du jit e q' 6 e* di ko la People many were travelling about. "In the morning along the mountain I will hunt," he said old man. 10 xada ye dits'uk xada okedl inla 6 agutt'i 7odji kola j Ida del- Moose heard him, moose two were together. That old man was a powerful - medicineman. la gwa axatc'itdaya e e'du me7aitda7a wolr da7ot'a xont'e- Then " He is coming after us ; not we will live it is. What shall we do? Nevertheless 12 e won* wo te ke tsj wo e a ci a' si t'e 7on lj ka a yi ku la 7ut- very slyly we will travel we are it is." That old man they heard. dits'uk eyi € e* e a7utdi wotte ketsP 7a ac gwa € guye kola Then they did it, very slyly they traveled. Then along there old man 14 des ya e a di *i et du ye ke 6 et da wo di ts'I € ofi gi j5 € nai ya started. (?) Not tracks he knew; straight to them he came. tac € ehe' ye ze xai et du ya ya 7m t'ats xat da on ke t'i With arrows he killed (one) . Not he cut it open. Moose were two. 16 ll ge € nediiwe ku di ye ka des ya wo te k'a 1'etc ai yi 1q dji € "One is missing," he thought. For it he started. Very it ran; the end of it nestj xat da ayi kola ts'i € ontci yg naiya ye xada nlnijutyi- it lay down, moose. That old man straight to him came. That moose he drove up. 18 tit'a t'a *e mestin yetdadidltc dlt'a na7utda dits'uk xat da With a feather bow showed him the way. His feather started to move he heard it, moose. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 325 ya 6 j dawacta gwa tg't'edg sezzexai kudi detcin na 1q woiik'a He saw him. "What shall I do? Now long ago he killed me," he thought. Trees many for a place 2 ye £ j € de tcin na 1q di e dl wl tc'j € ni € j IV ye k'e da ni l'a dun ne he looked. Trees where there were many thither he ran. Along side of him he ran, man. e du ye yl e xa Ye xat da ma in da xo de la won sut die ta jon ge Not he could run away from him, moose. It was hard for him. Small open place 4 won li et de sezexai7a wonlj* ku di € ent'ijo ta jo ge ne tis there was, "There he will kill me it will be," he thought. Suddenly ' ' Open place I will lie down t J a dun na l'a etdu a'dexeejo a wo dja € ya k'ai na wot 1'a e t'e I will run near. Not I can do anything it happened." He jumped to it immediately 6 ya I ts'ut he fell. dane eljlg eyi xat da eyi kola me telle yili'lg tawont'e- Man he was, that moose. That old man his younger brother he was. Long before 8 do me ta dji e ni de e [ e [ e [ € e yi e lj \q ye k'e no wut 1'a cai ac t'j from the band he had disappeared. That was the one. Along side of him he stopped from running. "I it is, yeka a ne t'j ye di* u gwot da di ge wo'denitca go dji € a'- what do you want?" he asked. Then someplace world larger place thither you stay 10 ne t'j et de u dai cin 1q yet dV utdu zexai me tci le ylli at da- it is better," he said. Not he killed him. His younger brother he was he knew. wot di eyl 6 e' ye te'e le dim ne a' na dja 6 Then he left him man he became again. WonyonI Avenges the Death of his Sons. 1 12 woySni tidazo at'I 7a Mo 2 meskege yaniyiitca 7onaxi Wonyoni alone he was. Finally his children he raised. "Just ourselves jo dim ne 1 la wo de in t'l zo me tcii ^ go na xai zo dun ne I la- only people one place?" suddenly his boy, "is it only us, people one place?" 14 wo t'e e di In dii e nai se cac tu na zut e u y 1 djun xwa e lu ge he asked. "No, your uncle, Bear-stands-in-the-water is named, here close by fish wo lin di a t'j a won e ml tc'I le I wo tin da ya na xun na ci place where they are he is but he is mean. Because of that alone I raised - you." 1 Told by Ike, a man about 70 years old who evidently knew many myths but who stammered at times making recording from his dictation difficult. 2 "Like you keep trying and trying and at last you manage it." 326 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ti a xg di wo £ na hi se a ci muk ga da wo del e di xa sa tcu a ! "Father, nevertheless, our uncle we will visit," he said. "Well, my boy, 2 ti ne sun ne at du wa won dai ci ye' di xon di a wo £ si ze a ci you are to be pitied. Not you will live," he said. "Nevertheless, my uncle muk ga woe dai ye' di e yl he € ga won lg na nun us £ un ye' di I will visit," he said. Then "Many times I have prevented you," he said. 4 mes ke gi ta de na 7a 7ut des del His children three persons went toward him. in la t'l xais l'a hi ai yl wo djo ye tc'i £ wut dltc at du n5 diry- One the youngest, that one well he spoke to. " Not your brothers 6 7a ne kiie7indel et du kiiwonya 6 ye'dl Iwo ke 1'u. nai gon- they go in, not you go in," he said. Then, "Shoestring dry, dacl ya kel'ul on la ye'dl inkelu atdii natcuttc'i 6 linwodai for it shoestring make," he said. "Track not strong one ahead of the other 8 da £ a xa £ ni won lei ye £ di your snowshoes you leave," he said. gwa da € a xe £ xon la € ma da gu ec ke gu a da dja ne gi yo ni del Then his snowshoes he did that way. His older brothers young men the way they were came there. 10 gaagadlle kuye7in £ atc kiienaiya ye'dl awon £ 7alln atdezut When they came there two went in. "Come in," he said but really he stood - still. te'e tc'; na tea tea a dji dun ne a tai ya won a ci ne Tais a yin lai e Outside he played. Those people all those he killed grease he made of them. 12 dun ne dukgaale'ga ma je ke gun ni tciit a tea kai e ni7utylla "People cook for." His nephews he fed. Spears he took up. ya gut l'1 1'a dji a tea kai ni 7ut yin la lin gu kwe, l'a djl € es ke gu Where he kept them (?) spears he took. Just his tipi the back boys 14 nlnlla Iwo nabe e yii 2 cac gii la xacl'intc e di leje daiyaje 6 he put them. Then "Your aunt, bear it was we used to do to," he said. "She bear with young ones m5 na I dac da € gu la xa ci £ Itc in la wo te' xa in di dju da xa da- when we came to them it was we used to do this way. One place we would - scare them out. They would run out 16 1'Itc in la wo te in da dji a ci gotc a yl 1 1'Ic a Ion t'e e di gu la together very on either side we would spear them. This grease it is," he- said. "It was xa ci £ Intc ga £ In la wo te es ke gu I gais got we used to do this way," same time very boys he speared. 18 in la t'l es ka £ I ta na de l'a yl di ye ut tun ne ye di £ a son in ge lu One boy ran away. Back road he chased him. Track at du na tcut yai yl xa l'a ye te'e le I he £ dut ta ka ta na de dla not strong he outran him. He left him because to his father he ran back. 1 Also given sa tcwQ. 2 "The wife of a father's brother. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 327 dut ta € 7a no dla cut tcu € a no dii7 7a da 7tit dja yet di sis ze His father he came to. "My boy, your older brothers what has happened to? " he asked. ' ' My uncle 2 guginwo e di q tit du wo yo ni at du kindle* xat ye € xo ta tcin killed them," he said. Now not, Wonyoni, not he cared. Just he lay by - the fire. mtit tcl u a tcuk ge e tcl ne dut dut tetc His wife she cried (?). She tried to throw herself into the fire (?). 4 xa l'e dji na di ka 7a yin ka des ya xa nis ze at du ye di a te ci l The next morning daylight he started for them. "Come, your uncle let us go," ye dl mtit tcl u a u et di gi yin ka des e atc tin da lo xat ti € a he said. His wife (?) he said. To him they two started. He had moved away. "Just 6 yi da ne xo ne a xo gut da dlotc e di nais ze m$t tea won ti e ahead my brother is laughing at us," he said. "Your uncle does not know - what to do, k'e wo a t'i la xtlt de yes ke ge ya 7m wq I ya de ye dun ne hit he is that kind." For nothing his boys he had killed, he burned them all over. 8 gi k'e des € atc ye do na mj ge won tea de dain di e e dji 6 ni da lg After him they two went. Opposite side lake large place across he was - camped. wo yd ni' mtit tee wo 7ai tee gi a l'e le 6 dja 6 yu on ne e a ne t'i ye' di Wonyoni got mad. They two came to him (?). "Over there you are," he said. 10 gi yii na e [ I yi wo ga won ya ni go ga yal 7 (it di ga hwa 7ai yal He was looking for them. (?) now he is walking. ya ni 6 des ya na dun ne na tea 1 xwa, 7ai yal: gwa ya ni' ke din ya In front of them he came. Man was large. Close he came. Then in front of - them he came down. 12 hwa € e 7tit ye € tanadel'a Iwoyonf (ntittetcegl) niit dji yi tcek- " Brother (?), for nothing he ran off . Wonyoni, your feelings are hurt e ci won le ta na din 1'a k'a djii ye tc'j € xo na ni dja 1 ye xa € gwa € you are, you run off." Again toward him he ran back. And now 14 ya7aniya nlla € mes ke ge es ce won le he ye di wq € ye te'e e m- he came to him. "You it is the boys you will do the same to me," he said. But he was not afraid of him ; nehe e I won la a ye di on ni xatse 6 dut din di* yi di ge wo- that is why right there, "Now you first make a move." Up Wonyoni 16 yo na 6 dun ne tsl 6 tc'i € yii ni xtil go tc'I* ya € in nai xtil ye yii e toward man's head he struck. Toward he was striking under yut ts'tin ne k'e ni xtil gai dun ne I dun ne na tcai 1 gwa e ya € I- his legs he broke with a blow, man the man large. Then he fell down. 18 ts'ut ya 7a le € ya ni di dll he € ye tc'ti7 71 xtil 7a ye ze 1 xai His club he got up he struck him with it. He killed him. Perhaps, xa do t'a je. 328 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XL, yl di ge yekw§tc'i € hai yi kola mut da din di tea di e dji £ nl tj Up toward his camp, "That old man nobody is stronger, where did you - put him 2 at'j ont'e muttciua da7ulle £ t'a djl € di e dla € tel e ka le e is it?" his wife. His sack with she ran back for. Flat stone I ye he e dun ne u nl gas dun ne k'a zi de gtil le e he € ga yo muk k'e with man she threw at. Man one side he moved. (?) On her 4 no Yut dla 6 ye ts'e7 7e xul ai yl € dun ne na tcai wo yo nl a tai he jumped. He knocked her down. That man large. Wonyoni all sastunaziitde ya 7ut de xul dun ne a tai ml ni di ge ayinla* Bear-in- water-stands he killed with a club. People all were pleased he made. 6 o yo nl' da kwe e djl e nez ya dun ne ya da wo ne na lg ne Wonyoni to his own camp he came. People those he killed were many. The Revenge of Wonyoni. dunne llgi k5la ell meskege tlda* y a nice eyi gwa € dunneti Man one, old man he was, his children alone he raised. Those now men 8 donli € adadja € ihe e ti *a' wondjo wotc'j* xw^xa dunne 1 etda'- were become with, "Father, right here close people do you know nedida 1 wonljla me 1 ta £ tc'j € et di ce tc'ii § dunne xwa, et du are there?" to his father he spoke. "My son, people near not 10 et due di da' won li a won 6 djo' xwa he 1 ne ze tc'ul lai na de a won* I know there are, but here close by your uncle bad lives, but mitc'eleele etdi meckegitc'j € me k'a wot'aci 7uyedi mecke- he used to be bad," he said, to his children. "To him we (two) will go," they said, his children. 12 ge yiila' etdu me 1 7a 7a da eel etdi giita 6 xont'eawon 6 seze "Do not do it. Not you will live," he said, their father. "Nevertheless my uncle ka wo t'a ci dun ne 1 e &V a xa indawodedla* 7ut di ec ke gu we will go to. People none for us it is hard," they said, boys. 14 1 he € go da e ac et di et da wo di e ci di ce da dat di gu ta € gu ye di "Well, go," he said. " Whatever you know tell me," their father said to him, me tc'il le yas na dzas da £ € et du € in t'a di ts'it el e kiis di e e ci 1 the youngest brother. "Snow if it falls not it sticks together I think," 16 € et di metcelle won 7a des e atc gu tcil le djiT c^jn dju 1 xwon ne he said, the youngest brother. There they (two) started. The youngest one too, ' ' I too my brothers € e* dus de le te € a' de ta tc'P etdi 1 he € yet di gu ta £ ce tc'u V with I will go, father," to his father he spoke. "Well," he said his father. "My boy, 1 The father asked the boy to tell him what supernatural help he had. The boy replied that he had dreamed of running away from danger on loose, unpacked snow. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 329 ne se ml tc'e le he le no da wo' kwe 7a 7m € atc et de e awo f etdii yoixr uncle is bad. Your brothers if they go in, but not 2 kwe wo ya € ts'e djP na tc'e won dja £ me tc'u e £ tc'j € et dl ko la go in. Outside play," to his son he said it, old man. gwa e wo tc'j e 7iit des del: a yi ko la ga nl 71m ni € atc ca ze € [ £ j Then thither they started. That old man they (two) came to him, "My former nephews 4 a' 7iit t'i 1q et dl gu e t'e ma m tcut et dl cac lee ya m tcut they are," he said. "Quick to them give to eat," he said. Bear grease to them she gave. a yi k'e 71 ze' xai a yi ic ke gu on ke t'e 7m w5 gu tc'ille tana- By means of that he killed them. Those boys two he killed. The youngest - brother ran away. 6 de Fa yi di £ e me € a xa € ni la lg go tc'I € e' na dl t'es ta na de Fa Over there his snowshoes he had left. Thither with he put them on again. He ran away. me ta 6 ka na 7ut 1'ii ti a' xo nu on ke t'e 7m wq et dl e yi His father he ran to. "Father, my brothers two he killed," he said, that 8 ec ka mut ta € et du kii dl e a' se ti wonyoni' u' ye a y 1 kola' boy. His father not he minded it. He slept. "Smart" his name was. That old man na tc'ul le dun ne e lj e tc'et dl xtit l'e dji € la ce e k'a wo cai et dl small man he was they say. "Tomorrow, my brother-in-law I will go to," he said. 10 won des ya 1 e di me kwa. € j € j ne du we ti da 1q 1 e di mec k'e ge There he started. There his camp had been it was not. He had moved. There his sons zeetse sulla wg nai ya yi da' mifi ge dain de e dji £ m da lg yetc'j 6 bodies lay he came there. Over there lake across he was camped. To him 12 desya kola mifige 7aiyal ya € j € lg yetc'j e estunne € e' nadidja. he started. Old man lake he was walking he saw him. To him with ice he came across. te nes sun ne et du du ' de e e da won ya e ye di e yi dun ne ne tca e " You are pitiful not this way you come," he said. That man was large 14 etts'etdi 1% ga (k'a) dtinne' e' din dli £ e' a din di xut t'e ne 7a- they say. "Brother-in-law, why people as they talk so you talk. Nothing I visit you woe da e ka act'i adindi yedi xont'ewon 6 etdu dti'dee da won- for lam do you say that? " he said. "Nevertheless not here come, 16 ya £ tenessunne ye di awon € kola etdii yi di e a' 7am yal yega you are pitiful," he said. But old man not he minded him. He walked on. Beside him niya nai neskege 71 wg ka cetc'j 6 e e' dindja wonll mine xatse 6 he came. "You, your children, I killed for tome because you are coming it is. You first, 18 a'cenele yetdi xa te de gl sun ne daniicte adindi yetdi woyonnl do something to me," he said. "Thus I am pitiful, what can I do to you you say that," said, Wonyoni. 330 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, xon t'e a won e nun e xa tse € cu de ni di* ye dl* ai yl ne na t'un ne "Nevertheless, you first begin the fight," he said. "Those your clothes 2 won dju' a ne le' ye dl' won yo ni' good fix," he said, Wonyoni. eyl dunne netcai xak'aizis esgone et'i etc'etdi u' won yo- That man large buffalo skin with the hair on he had they say. And Wonyoni 4 ni' tsa' zis esgone et'i etc'etdi eyl wonyoni aiye'ts'unne beaver skins with hair on he had they say. That Wonyoni jawbone xal et'i eyl ye dunne ka cu det dl e lj u' eyl dun ne netcai club he had. That with people he hunted for it was. And that man large 6 xak'ai nets'unne xal et'i ylhe dunne kacudetdi elj etc'etdi buffalo backbone club he had. With it people he hunted for it was they say. gwa € woyonl' getsi 6 u'nlxal set si £ onla £ yudl € e* esg5ne dige Now Wonyoni his head he was going to hit. "My head it is," because he - thought hide up 8 des to e yl yu. e e ye dzat de 11 xal e yl 6 e l ye ze xai e tc'et dl e yl he raised. That under his legs he broke. With that he killed him they say. That dun ne ne tc'ul le a won 6 in da de e dla e tc'et dl man small but formidable they say. 10 yl dl gi me tc'I ii € a de ts'i tc'i 6 ta des ya won yo ni* me tc'I u. a Up his wives sat to he started, Wonyoni. His wife made yl lj wonyoni' ye tc'J € ke dl ya iT ut dun ne ell 7a yal e his older sister was. Wonyoni to him she came down. And, "Himself it is is coming 12 a t'l ye dl e yl tc'e ge tse de ka de et du na tcai yu ni hll won yo- it is," he told her. That woman stone flat not large she threw at him. Wonyoni nV ya 6 1 l'a 6 e' yayaYinsil wonyoni' nlyedin'Q yaylhll ye- he jumped away because she missed him, Wonyoni. He picked it up. He threw - it away. After that 14 Yq I ye tc'i e des ya gu ye 7m wg yes ke ge gain wg e i € j ai yl k'e to her he went. He killed them. His children he had killed the same way e a dja e e tcet dl wo te dun ne ne tcai ze' xai et tc'et dl ut dun- it became, they say. Very man large he killed they say. Himself 16 ne w5te ne tc'ul le etc'etdi w6y5nl' uye etc'etdi eyl kola very small they say. Wonyoni was his name they say. That old man, cac tii na zut' e ii ye bear water standing with he was named. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 331 WonyonI Escapes from the Cree. wg yo m* ko la e lj xa da lj £ 79 ze xai de cin ne na yes yij da- Wonyoni, old man it was. Moose dog he killed. Cree he suspected. "What shall I do?" 2 woe de xa' ku di k'j di sut me kwa. ke teg dje na de dok na 711 1 daf he thought. He began to study about it. His camp away from he made signs he traveled. ta jo ge ke na di date da ' du yl de £ e t'a wo k'ai ta na dlitc de cin ne A glade he came out to. Here behind he looked back he repeated. Cree 4 u* nl e i *e* £ a t'l e t'l zo dun ne 7a € j t ca ge £ won tca £ de won ka and he looked for it was. Suddenly people he saw. River large toward na £ a l dol ca ge £ ke din ya tse na tcai ka se ya tse ton se e g he was making signs along. River he came to. Stone large to it he went. Stone he carried from the river. 6 £ e di ne te di xa 7ut da wg tco There where he was going to sleep, he was watching well. et'izo decinne ait'e muttaclxa wglj dajede meda- Suddeniy Cree all around him were. "How shall I get away?" 8 w5 ca ku di wg ka I di zut nes tj decinne ait'e itc'j e ye- he thought. About it he was studying he lay down. Cree all to him they were around him. 7ut de se del tse tg yes € g Ij ye tse £ na wo nl ye ni e g € j e j gwa Stone he brought up right on top of the hill he had put it. Then 10 da cin ne ye tc'j 6 wo de sut ye ze xai ka di tse na des e et tse Cree toward him they ran they would kill him. This stone he kicked down. Stone e It tsut w5 te de tcun le da tgn 1 de cin ne tai 1'a gi yu di wo- rolled down hard sticks it broke. The Cree he was running off they thought. After it 12 tc'j € k'e 7ut de de ya they chased. ayi kola gahwe £ dekw^ won ka nats'indeya u kwa djj £ That old man then his camp to it he started. And at his camp 14 ts'e £ j a yi ka 7ut de ts'i na du ka 7ut di 71 yi tciit di 7a £ a 7ut di they saw him. "For him we will sit until daylight," they said. That they - might catch him they said it. gwa at du gi ze xai de kwa/ tc'j £ g no dja et du 7I yi tj won- Then not they killed him. To his camp he got back. Not they found him. Because he was smart 16 yu £ I he £ £ a t'j it was. 332 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, A Young Man is Taken to Another World by Fledgling Geese. a la € I he e won ll yin xa cii tcut chit di 71H tee ye dje* Canoe with it was for it he was hunting. Geese young 2 dun ni 1'ut tea a yl wo na tea 7m kj ni ts'e difi ti nut ts'ut le 1 yellow those he paddled to. He took them. They were small ku tc'ut di non ke ye tc'I € na sa 7ut din ke tc'un nes tj e la € he thought. "Your mother to her country ahead of me take the canoe." He lay down to sleep. Canoe 4 da te'e ges I'ii wo te ts'un nes tj k'a djti ton t'e tc'j € wo di e- he tied to them. Very he slept. Again long time passed zut ni ts'in ya k'a la zo 1 t'uk wo tc'i a ni ztlt e' at dii di ge € he got up. Nearly they could fly he woke up. E — not earth 6 k'e na sut di ts'I a sun ni zut til na tci € ai yl ga ga cut di ga he stood on he woke up. Lake large that beside, ' ' My country won lj ku tc'ut di ta tc'es ya nun tc'in £ tu ga ga 1'6 tc'ut des ya it is," he thought. He walked ashore, to the ground. Beside the lake he walked - along. 8 dun ne in di na Ion til ga ga ton t'e djl e ts'a ya Man's mind was much. Beside lake far he walked. lu € ya go zon € tc'un na 7ut 1'el dun ne k'a ta mut ts'j e Behold over there wolf was running along. Man he was looking at. To it 10 ts'ayal tu k'e tc'i € nlnadel'a djo' me tu ne e q ni di e dla he went. Downstream he ran out. Here water came. He ran out. til tais dun ne tc'j € da ya € itc muk k'e tc'a yal gii 7ut 1'e- Over the water to the man he kept looking. After him he walked. He was - running. 12 le zon € da muk k'e zon € a tc'ut t'l ton t'l e dji £ tc'ut dez ya After him he was doing it. Far he went. da muk k'e zo a tc'ut t'l gwa xwa t'e ge € nun e wa da t'l After him he did it. Now that way ground appeared. 14 nun k'e ta tc'ez ya til mai e To na tc'et des ya On ground he walked ashore. Water edge he walked. djo e dun ne wo na tc'a 7m ya mes ke ge na lg dun ne ya Here people to he came. His children were many. To the man 16 wo m ti ut dun ne zo € na djut , xa da ze xai tit dii li te'e- fae gave (a daughter). He himself only went hunting. Moose he killed. Nothing he killed. ze' xai gwa xat ye e ki di na lo ca ji € ca na djin na ku di Now some way his mind was much." My son-in-law, my relation," he thought 18 at dii e la t'i a won € me da cut dii ca € axa e man ni la da' Not "once anyway let me hunt with him. My snowshoes I will give to him 1 Told by Ike. 1916.] . Goddard, Beaver Texts. 333 won ll a dja* ca na dji ne kudi.'j. ca 6 a xa 6 I he € dii dji dl it is it happened. My relation," he thought. " My snowshoes with let him - hunt." 2 da e a xa e yin la dl de djut' a dii won Ton dje 6 de djiit de His own snowshoes he gave him. He went hunting. Not far he had gone da ya je 7m wo on des ya dun ne ke won lg gu. e ke do na- female with young he killed. He came home. Person's tracks were many. Along there they had been going. 4 date gwa hwe 6 na tc'in dja dun ne ke wo dlo kii tc'et di Now he came back. "People's tracks were many," they thought. a xain lo € a tc'et di 6 djin dja ma € a xa 6 mo tc'I ni la nun- "It is our own," they said. He started home. His snowshoes to him he gave - back. ' ' Your relatives' 6 na djin xwa € I e ne £ ts'it din ya go ts'in na tc'et dez ya close to those you go." Over there he hunt he went. w5 tc'I 6 a la 6 . I he tc'ut des kj 1 € e dl na 711 1 da 1 e dl wo Thither canoe with he paddled. There something was moving. There 3 7a de xun na dji ne wo no tc'a dja e de wo lo across relatives to he came back. The end. The Woman who Discovered Copper. me' tc'I yuw^' I la di tj da a t'j 6 e yi 6 e* te'e nes e i tu tcok' k'e His wife one alone she was, then they stole her. On the ocean 10 dige nase 6 alg ai 6 e l k'e na7iyetj tutcok' daidetce 6 wutdun- world it is across on that they carried her across. Ocean other side people ne "a'yejlg ma in da we de dla tj da no dja tu mai no dja € e'- they had her. For her it was hard. Alone she came back. Shore she came - back. Not 12 du 6 a'de € e'JQ a dja 6 tc'u ne e jo na 7et di 6 a ta ne 70 dJQ e a'- she could do anything it was. Wolf came across to her. "The road good is. wq k'e e e* yi k'e ni na din da ye d[ tc'u ne 6 ta se ya me tcwe. 6 j- On it you cross," he said wolf. She came ashore. Her child one, 14 la dl 6 a yi me bat ne tea Iq q dus tel ku di gn ye de te me dji that one his belly was large. "I will desert him," she thought. She deserted - him. Caribou ze xai ye 6 jl t'a tit da le ta 7m 1'it e e yi 7a ye' ni 6 ak' ye dl ye- she killed. In its stomach blood she boiled with that she fooled him. There she left him. 16 tc'el ye tu tco mai tsj € ye di tsa tco ne 6 e' wa tc'i 6 na yu e tsul la lg By the shore of the ocean there metal towards under the ground was lying. 334 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, gu ye 7ai yal tc'e gu gu ye 7ai yal 'e* t'j zo tea tc5 ne 'e* da t'j There she passed along. Woman there passed along. Suddenly metal was to be seen. 2 € e yi ni di la me ' na djin ne ga xail 6 e 76 ' djj € ni ye ni la *a l yl da 7a That she took. For her relatives load thence she brought home. By that - means utdats'etdi mjka tc'e des del da'zo aik'e yjka desdel gwondjo they knew it. For it they went. Men all for it went. Very 4 te gus sun ne xail e e' go tc'i € go kwa, tc'j € ni ki yl la e yl tac a da- they were pitiful loads thither to their homes they brought. That arrows they were making for themselves. ki yl la me t'a xo des € ai e e' yl zg € e a da ki y[ la tea tc'o ne e lj It was a great thing for them. That only they used for themselves. Metal it was 6 a 70 ut du na tcut da dul tea tc'5 ne dut dul but not it was strong, metal red. k'a dju 7m gi ka na 7a des del e di ni 7un ni del e dj da zo Again for it they started again. There they came. There men 8 na lg e ayl 6 e* tc'e gu I la t'e a gun ne k'e xe t'e ki ye da get a yi e e' were many. Then woman one all of them they had intercourse with her. Then nes da tea tc'o ne k'e tc'e ge tea tc'o ne ne du we € a djV € e' yl- she sat down on the metal, woman. Metal none became. On it 10 je k'e sut da a yi e e l et du medat'i € e l et du a tc'el le l e' ju. she sat, then not it was to be seen. Not they could do anything a dja 6 it became. 12 76 l'g me ka na tc'e des del nde du e £ et du me da t'j e e' yi e e e After that for it they started again. There was none ; not it was to be - seen. Then etdu € atc'ele e e* jg adja € me'djo' medldjewatc'j 6 dlge gwgn- not they could do anything it happened. Her chest half way ground came up 14 de e g € a* dja e ayi € e l tea tc'o ne ne du we a yi me ge ye y a 7ft da- it happened. Then metal was none. Those co-husbands they had taken care - of *j e e € e du lj a 71 yi le ne du we gu ya n da 70 de dla gwa l'g € e e nothing they could make. There was none. For them it was hard. After that 16 7lyifik'a nas del me'k'os jg xain € a Itc'ege mejj aik'e na- for it they went again. Her neck only projected, that woman. Her body all under ground ju e tc'j e ni ge e [ e g ke k'i yac k'e na tc'a t'j gwa k'a 7ut da disappeared. Two winters she was seen again, still she was alive. 18 xais 1'a na tc'a t'j me tc'e tc'e nel ye Last time she was seen. They left her. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 335 Crow Monopolizes the Game. in la wo de t'e dunne yack'e anaw5dja € eyi e e' indawodedla* Once people winter happened again. Then hard 2 awodja* dg dunne ewg' et du e a l ts'et de wo e yon awont'e it happened. Famine people killed. Not they could do anything it was. na tc'et de Yut dai dju ne dii we dun ne t'a ne ke e yo a won t'e Where they were living, animals too were none. People would die it was. 4 ya7i tc'iyaje zo nedfiwe etdu tc'e £ j € | € j danega nadatc etdu That crow only was not. Not. they used to see him. By people he used to - come. Not debut dii medat'j dp t'e et ts'it xo k'e tcin kenelj gfit'e giyetdi hungry he appeared. "Why he eats it is like. Good humored he is," they said. 6 me k'e 6 j da w5 tajn Yut di aYunnet'e gik'e natal ait'e me e e*- " After him we will look," they said. All of them after mm were looking. All, "It grows dark wo'zun a na t'intc k'a dju li gi dju a na t'intc ga be *T wo zun where he used to be." Again another too, "He used to be it gets dark 8 anaWodja 6 et di te Igc ye e u ( ye e yi gwa e y I xais ta ga k'a me- it happens again," he said. Telocye his name, that one now that one last "Yet he is in sight," da t'j et di k'a la zo € et dii me da t'j a dja k'a la z5 6 na des- he said. Nearly not he was in sight it became nearly (?), 10 di djet t'e xo lis ce na da ya na 6 wa dletc l et di xa da tc'e e intc "Dust in front of me throw up," he said. They kept doing that. da letc, was suggested as the correct word. 336 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, e t'j \q e yi xa tc'e du tcul u ka a tc' e [ 7a Yut da xa du* e ac e ci he had. That they were going to tear down. "The animals they will go out," 2 kuYiitdl eyi 6 e* 7U yu i'e a won 6 sun 6 6 a*7utt'I in t'l zii li ge they thought. Then he fought them off but in vain he did it. Suddenly one ye dai 6 o e ya 7m yitc Yut dai na wot dl ka ku di 6 e* xa de 6 atc his door he broke in. " Animals are smart," he thought. They went out. 4 gwa 6 ait'e xade 6 atc 7tltdai a won 6 indadla ayinla 6 tc'iya- Then all went out, animals but hard he made it, crow. ze etts'ilnne ye*7mcetci yetatcl 6 yaila eyi 6 e* etdii atc'e- Bones cleaned among them he threw them. Then not they could do 6 le e yo a yin la € na dli k'a djo et du tc'ez ze* xai 7ut dai me- he made it it happened again. Again not they could kill them. Animals their nose veins won tc'I de mut da le ni tc'e tc'e a yi 6 e ma ta 7a! e yi 6 e* zo 6 its blood burst that they pounded that way only 8 sawo 6 a won 6 me 6 jdawodedla 6 gwa k'a don 6 dunne a wo 6 Q 6 they killed them. But with that it was hard. Still hunger people it was killing. And tit dunne djii debut' tc'iyaze' etconts'unne e adayilai yetatci 6 he himself too was hungry. Crow rib bones he made among them 10 ya in la xa yin lai won la du 7ut dai tcon we 6 won li e ts'et dl he threw them. That way he did it was. Now animal ribs there are they say. k'o* dl ge ni wo tc'in 6 a do* wo di dje el\ dl gi First world when was put this story was, this. A Man Is Carried away by a Giant Bird. 12 xa l'e ge dun ne na tc'a dai 6 i 6 i jn t'l zq won lj dun ne 6 in tciit At night man was walking suddenly there was something. Man it caught. ya t'ai tc'I dun ne 7ai tel ye a t'i ku dl dun ne wo lj t'ol tcok' Toward the sky man it took. "What is it?" he thought, man. There was large nest, 14 da se 6 o lg dun ne na ni t'j dun ne won djo 7a 7ilt da et du dun ne it was hanging. Man it brought back. Man well it kept. Not man ze* xai won I'o e k'ul la na wo di ga e llgi no dja don t'e dunne it killed. After that nearly it was daylight, another came back. "How is it man 16 ne tc'I le tcun a won t'e ye* dl dunne ce tc'I 6 le tcun e yon 6 ac t'e from you smells you are?" he said. "Man from me might smell lam e wo t'e djg dun ne ce ga no letc es da a won t'j et dl li gi since here man to me you bring I eat it is," he said. One 18 won djo me ta 6 tc'a 6 na ye ne 6 j well his father from he hid. 1916.] Goddard, Beaver Texts. 337 eyiV et dii ye wo' { a' dze ne' gun nes tetc gudjo' no wut dja Then not he found him. Daytime they slept. Safely he came down, 2 di ge ai t'e da ts'i u de tcin de sut tcl na 1q ai yin la € me tcin ne world all. Knots and wood dry much he made. At its foot ii yu e ye € ko de nl tsi € de tcin de des k'o yi di ge da de ts'i yl ai t'e under he kindled fire. Tree caught fire; up where they were sitting, all 4 but t'ai ne da 7m lut na ts'ut e de xo tc'I k'a € ac a dja 6 xa dja their wings burned. They fell down. From that time they were walking it happened. It happened that way. e yi 6 e* ya Yai di ge wo k'e me won de dji di k'a € ac a wo dja € Then over there world on they were afraid they were walking it was 6 tc'etdi wots'etdo 1 they say before that. The Underwater People. a t'l zo tc'et de ts'i li gi ec kai ya 7a tc'ut de des yain 11 ge Suddenly they were sitting one young man over there blanket was carry- ing. One 8 eskai danedexa yeka diya ye'di ecke nawocdleeka act'j et- young man, "What are you going to do? For what are you going? " he - said to him . "Young man I will become again I am," he said. dilo ne due del} 1 etdi daceanet'ee adindl yetdi a won 6 neduc- " We will go with you," he said. " How you will do what you say?" he said. ' ' But we will go with you 10 dele xo tc'j € din ya e cl tc'i £ yet di nai e cu gu. a ne t'l yet di gwa € where you are going," he said. "You as you please you do," he said. Now ye des del mtit la ce ofi ke t'l dju' ye des del mi ge e ke 7a din del they went with him, his brothers-in-law two too they went with him. Lake they came to. 12 aiyi xa la de 7aiyal 6 i € i 1 t'l zq xwii I* et di estunne 7anlya That one ahead had been walking suddenly "Xwui" he said. Ice he went - through. yi yii e tun ne Te je go tco won ka a t'i 1q won djo ac t'l a ke he e Under it bottom of the lake he was married (?) it was. "Well the way I do 14 xa 7at t'i e et di dun ne tc'i e kw^ won 1q e zis nl ba li na da sa e a you do," he said to the men. Camps many skin tents stood. dun ne ne 1q 1 i la t'e di kwa, won tea 6 e di won tc'i 6 7ai yal e yi People many. One place camp was large, there toward it he walked. That 16 dun ne xa la de 7ai ya li k'e a t'l gi k'e zo ' 7ut dail xa 7tit t'j gu ye- man ahead the way he was walking the way he did only walking they did - the same way, because he told them 1 The subject prefix, -c, is singular, but the stem, -de li, is plural. More than two said, "I will go with you." 338 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, 10 12 14 dl £ e l e yi £ e l a 7ut t'i e yi es kai ne k'e du cai yet di I in t'i zo then they were doing that. That young man "After you I will go," who- said suddenly yeke e £ e l 7am la tekatce ne tc'a le a ye i e lg dun ne elj kii7ut- his foot he jumped on. Frog small did it to him. "Man it is," he thought. di e j £ j yi tc'i € na dut date £ e' a t'i lg I £ e dl me tc'I u € a won li lg To them he used to go because it was. There his wife was, e yi dun ne 1 xa lat de ka date £ j £ j et dii tg t'e 7it dle £ ku 7o&, 357, 14. dzjns e', with hook, 363, 19. dzin ze, by the hook, 357, 14. dzis ze, by hook, 357, 2. djV, pM, 309, 8. tac, arrows, 334, 4. tac e e', with arrows, 390, 8. tac € e he 1 , mYA arrows, 324, 15. ta si, arrow, 315, 15. tuc 6 e', with arrows, 390, 11. et da tas se € , his arrow, 304, 15. (Fig. 59.) gu tac e, his arrows, 319, 7. tu, toe, wafer, 301, 2, 6. (Fig. 137.) 1 Compare this word with con, old age, and bul, sleep, sleepiness. 408 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, tu, snow, 353, 8. tus, crutches. ma ti ze € , his crutches, Ft. St. J. t'a, feathers, 308, 6. (Fig. 149.) di t'a, his feather, 324, 18. t'ec, coal. tsa 6 , disA, Ft. St. J. tse\ stones, 392, 7. tsl e e, m^ stones, 307, 7. (Fig. 151.) tsinl, axe, 380, 14. tsun e , meat, 312, 14. ts'al, moss (from swamp), D. tsV, sinew, 308, 12. tsV, mosquitoes, 356, 9. tca £ , beaver, 311, 15. tsa € , beaver, 323, 15. tcltc, ducks. teg', rain, 305, 21. tcutc, wood, firewood, 313, 11. tcut, wood, 368, 17. tew 3,, birds, 341, 5. tcwa, e ci, birds it was, 341, 10. tc 3 os, fine feathers, D. me tcoc ye € , his feathers, 322, 8. g&\ rabbits, 357, 13. ke, moccasin, footprint, track. ke, moccasins, 304, 12. (Fig. 55.) ke, track, 393, 1. kj 6 ', /ood, 350, 6. kj e , 374, 13. kln £ , 381, 1. kon £ , fire, 315, 14. kon 7a, % the fire, 323, 14. kwon, fire, 318, 17. k'a, M 314, 5. k'i 6 , saskatoon, 307, 7. (Fig. 119.) k'os, clowi k'us, alder. kw§, /o^e, £ip^, camp, cage. kw§, camp, 303, 20. kw^,, the cage, 322, 1. k'ut, willows, 323, 12. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 409 NOUNS WITH PREFIXES. There are two main classes of nouns of such intimate relation to the individual that they do not occur without a possessive prefix or as a member of a possessive compound. These are mainly parts of the body and terms of relationship. Parts of the Body, including Articles of Intimate Possession, -ye, name. u ye, his name, 303, 1 ; 355, 9. -ye, a joint (?). cut ts'un ye, my knees, Ft. St. J. ca gwo n ye, my elbow, Ft. St. J. -ye da 6 , lips. ca ye da 6 , my lips, Ft. St. J. cai ye da, my chin, V. 1 -wo 6 , teeth. ma wo 6 , his teeth, 349, 1. ca wo 6 , my teeth, 349, 9. tea 70 6 , beaver teeth, 392, 4. -wg ne, shoulder. tea wg ne, beaver shoulder, 365, 13. -wos, thigh, upper portion of hind leg of an animal, ca wos, my thigh, V. ma wos, its hind leg, D. -ne ts'un ne 6 , backbone. mun ne ts'un ne 6 , its backbone, 395, 4. xa k'ai ne ts'un ne, buffalo backbone, 330, 6. et ts'un ne, bones (detached) 336, 5. -ni 6 , face. ye ni 6 , their faces, 371, 7. ca ni 6 , my face, V. -n wg 6 , nose. yin wo 6 , their noses, 315, 18. mi wg 6 , his nose, 368, 1. mj wg 6 , its nose, Ft. St. J. 1 Vermilion. 410 Anthropological Payers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X,. cin wq, my nose, Ft. St. J. me wgn tc'I de, their nose veins, 336, 6. -n la € , hand, forefoot. cm la € , my hand, V. sin la, my hands, 394, 16. mi la € , its forepaw (of dog), D. da nl I la € € e', with people's hands, 392, 9. -Fa, palm of hand, sole of foot. me \\, his palm, V. muk ke 6 1'e hi, sole of dog's foot, Ft. St. J. -za € , mouth. ca za € , mz/ mouth, V. suz za e , m my mouth, 393, 19. me za/, Aer mouth, 362, 12. ye son wo tc'j 6 , /rom his mouth, 383, 6. -ze, mouth. me ze k'e, (on) his mouth, 321, 3. yi ze yi ye, in his mouth, 310, 11. (Fig. 190.) -ze ge e , throat. ma ze ge € , its throat, D. -zis, skin. me zis, ife s&m, 322, 13. -zut', Zm>07\ a zut', fowr, 352, 2. ma zut', ifo Zi«er, D. -ji, body. ma ji t'a, m their bodies, 306, 18. me jj, her body, 334, 16. Cf. Navajo, ci yi\ -ji, second stomach of ruminants (?) ye € ji t'a, in its stomach, 333, 15. 7a € , hair, fur. ya 7a e , Aw Aair (of animal) 309, 3. da. ne tsi 7a 6 , people's head hair, 392, 19. a 7a, hairs, 311, 3. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 411 -bat, -but', belly, stomach. me bat, his belly, 333, 14. sa but', my belly, 310, 9. (Fig. 169.) ma but, her belly, 321, 16. ma but', its belly, D. da ne but t'a, m people's stomachs, 392, 12. -da ye, den. me da ye, his den, 395, 1. -dai € , eye. na dai € , your eyes, 314, 16. mut dai, Aw eyes, 371, 2. cut dai € , my eye, Ft. St. J. -daya € , mustache, beard. ma da ya € , ife (cat's) mustache, D. mtit do 7a e , iw (dog's) mustache, Ft. St. J. -de 6 , Aora. xat da de € e', with moose horn, 366, 10. -di e e, food. ma di e e, JAeir food, 358, 10. -dje e , Aearf. mut dje e , ife Zfear£, 395, 10. ca dje e , my heart, V. -djo', chest, trunk of body. me 1 djo', her chest, 334, 13. ca djo', my breast, Ft. St. J. -t'a, fold of a blanket, sack, pocket. but t'a, his blanket, 313, 18. de t'a, his sack, 361, 13. -t'ai, wings. but t'ai, their, wings, 337, 4. See t'a, feather. -t'o, leaf. ut t'o, ZecMK», 308, 19. € at'ole', summer, "leaves are," V. -tsi 6 , Aead. dun ne tsi 6 , man's head, 363, 1. 412 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, but tsP, his head, 338, 12. tit si 6 , head (detached) 342, 2. dut si e , their heads (of arrows) 313, 15. be zl tsi € , owl head, 342, 1. -tsun € , flesh, meat. ut tsun € , meat, 317, 13. but tsun € , his flesh, 378, 11. mut tsun, his flesh, 356, 1. -tsu dl, tongue. et tsu dl la € , end of tongue, 351, 14. ca tsu di, my tongue, V. ma tcu di, its tongue, D. -tsut, (?). yet sut t'a, below the shoulder, 309, 2. -ts'ii, 6ac& (?). mut ts'u, its back, 395, 6. -ts'un ne e , bone. ma ts'un ne € , her bones, 356, 13. ye ts'un ne ta, among his bones, 372, 9. tsi e ts'un nai, sMZ, 310, 10. (Fig. 178.) mun ne ts'un ne £ , ife backbone, 395, 4. -ts'un ne € , /e<7 (probably bone, cf. similar use of German Bein). ca ts'un ne £ , ra?/ leg, V. -tea de, /e^. 1 See also -ts'un ne e . dut tea de e e, with his legs, 361, 16. mut tc'a dje € , its leg, 395, 11. -tce € , tail. ma tce € , ^eir (beaver) tails, 324, 4. mut tee 6 , its (dog) fow/, Ft. St. J. -tcofi ge € , n65. ma tcofi ge e , its ribs, D. ye tco ye, his ribs, 352, 6. e tcon ts'un ne, rib bones, 336, 9. Almost certainly misrecorded for -djat, -dja de. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 413 -tcug ge 6 , ear. ca tcug ge 6 , my ear, V. mut tcug ge 6 , ife ears, Ft. St. J. me tee ge 6 , its ear, D. gi tcii 7a 6 , ^AeiV ears, 383, 11. Also, cut djug ge e , m?/ ear, Ft. St. J. ya dji e, his ear, 302, 8. -tc'us dile 6 , mesentery (?). tea tc'us di le 6 , beaver mesentery, 312, 17. -go ne 6 , upper arm, shoulder, foreleg. ca go ne e , my arm, V. muk gwon ne € , ^s (dog's) upper foreleg, Ft. St. J. gi go ne, his foreleg, 396, 11. -go ne 6 , nail. cin la go ne 6 , my finger nail, V. el la go ne 6 , my finger nail, V. mi la go ne, its nails, D. cin la gwon ne t'a, in my finger nails, 344, 11. -kai skin (?) ye kai, her shin, 370, 15. -ke 6 , foot, moccasin, track. yeke 6 , his foot, 382, 1. dun ne ke 6 , man's moccasins, 304, 8. (Fig. 46.) dun ne ke, person's tracks, 333, 3. -kin 6 , -kj 6 , -kr, house, lodge of beaver. tea 6 kin 6 , beaver house, 374, 8. me kj 6 , beaver house, 370, 4. ekr, lodge, 381, 12. -k'a, /a£. ak'a,/af, 380, 3. xak'Ik'a, buffalo fat, 313, 18. -k'a si, throat. ma k'a si, Ais throat, 347, 14. muk k'a je £ , its throat, Ft. St. J. ye k'a ce 6 k'e, on his throat, 348, 1. -k'os, neck. me' k'os, her neck, 334, 16. ye k'os, their necks, 343, 17. 414 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, Terms of Relationship, -ma, mother. gu ma, his mother. ma, his mother, 306, 5. (Fig. 91.) non, your mother, 332, 3. no\ your mother, 305, 20. (Fig. 85.) -na, vocative. an na, mother, 382, 14. un na, mother, 306, 1. tin nai, mother, 354, 2. -na dji ne, relatives, nun na dji ne, your relatives, 302, 15. (Fig. 2.) le na dji ne, friends of each other, 347, 9. -la ce e , brother-in-law. me la ce € yu, his brothers-in-law too, 360, 3. mut la ce, his brothers-in-law, 337, 11. me' la je, his brother-in-law, 357, 7. ne l'a je, your brother-in-law, 342, 1. la ce 6 , my brother-in-law, 394, 6. -la/, vocative. la. € , brother-in-law, 370, 10. 1^, brother-in-law, 329, 14. -ze, wnc/e, nephew, (reciprocal), se ze, toi/ uncle, 328, 12. sis ze, my uncle, 327, 1. ca ze e j % my former nephews, 329, 3. ne ze, your uncle, 328, 10. -ze 1 e me, nephew. mai ze 1 e me, her nephews, 312, 6. -zi, son-in-law. ca zi, m?/ son-in-law, 341, 4. ma zi, Ai°^ 5 > 361, 12. sa ge, river, 306, 8. son tl a k'a, rat, 384, 2. ca ge e , river, 331, 5. 7a de, sign, 322, 4. 7iit dje 6 , geese, 389, 1. 7ut tee, geese, 332, 1. xai sis t'a, m a sacA*, 348, 7. xa tus la, to the door, 362, 10. xatda', moose, 3-19, 16. xa go* ta, bluff, 393, 3. xak'ai, buffalo, 316, 18; 318, 10. xak'I, buffalo, 308, 17; 311, 12; 317, 10. xo lis, dust, 335, 10. xo dlic, ashes, mud. xut 1'e, at night, 318, 2. xut-da, moose, 316, 2. bes zi, ow/s, 341, 13. be dji, caribou, 376, 3; deer, 362, 16. da ya je, female icith young, 333, 3. da ne, people, 376, 15. da zo, man, 376, 14. da cin ne, Cree, 331, 10. da ts'e, brush, 392, 18. dats'I, brush, 392, 17; limbs, 381, 11; knots, 337, 2; 343, 4. da tcin, frees, 384, 10; stick, 396, 3. des die he, squirrel, 343, 1. de di hi, sickness, 348, 14. de tcin, tree, 343, 5. di ge e , wor/d, 302, 12. di ge, ground, 305, 8. (Fig. 79.) du ve € , cache, 368, 10; 375, 14. 426 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, dun ne, man, 384, 8; 301, 9. (Fig. 1.) dunne 6 ', people, 350, 1. dus da, snipes, 310, 9. (Fig. 169.) dus dai, birds, 308, 16. I diiz dai, snipes, 310, 9. (Fig. 167.) diis de, birds, 308, 18. dut ye 6 , young buffaloes, 382, 13. die je, grizzly bear, 309, 15. dlu, e, mouse, 309, 1. dlu 6 e, mouse, 303, 14. (Fig. 34.) dzene', daytime, 337, 1. djezil, elk, 307, 13. dji zil, elk, 395, 15. djus dai, snipes, (?), 310, 7. (Fig. 176.) ta won lu, hail, 305, 19. (Fig. 189.) ta jon ge, open place, 325, 3. ta jo ge, a glade, 331, 3. ta tcj, a bird, 361, 12. teso', guns, 318, 10; 378, 10. te ka tee, frog, 320, 14; 321, 3; 338, 2. te k'ai 6 , muskrats, 384, 5. ti a tea 6 , black water bug, 310, 10. (Fig. 178.) ti so 6 , gun, 378, 6. tun ne, trail, 358, 8. ut tun ne, road, 303, 6. (Fig. 20.) tu zul le, sowp, 367, 12. t'a l'e he, mink, 384, 9. t'oi te', nest, 305, 12. (Fig. 82.) tsi a le, pillow, 315, 10. tsl ya e , young moose, 350, 4. ts'it do, cMd, 316, 18, 19. ts'ut de, blanket, 387, 7, 9. tea k'a le', white poplar. tees 5, gun, 395, 10, D. tci ye', little moose, 353, 8. tcus te 6 e', with snowshoes, 377, 11. tc'ain t'e, supernatural doings, 347, 12. te'e le 7a, creek. te'e ge, woman, 362, 4; 376, 16. te'e gu, woman, 308, 3; 340, 5. (Fig. 136.) tc'i a le 6 , pillow, 315, 12. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 427 tc'I u a., old woman, 311, 4. I tc'I u %, old woman, 305, 7. (Fig. 71.) tc'I ya ze', crow, 336, 9. tc'I ya je, crow, 335, 4. tc'I yac I, crow, 335, 17. tc'I yu ne 6 , wo//, 351, 5. tc'in dl, medicine, 314, 18. tc'it do, child, 351, 4. tc'o nai, coyote, tc'on ne e , 6/m<7, 367, 12. tc'u. yu na, wohes, 318, 4. tc'u. na 6 , wohes, 315, 16. tc'u na, wolves, 315, 17. tc'une 6 , wo/fles, 313, 19; wo//, 333, 12. tc'ul I, cutbank, 307, 13. (Fig. 139.) tc'ut de, blanket, 337, 7. tc'tit do, boy, 318, 12. gl ye, pe^, 355, 7. _gg ze, jacfc pine. kas 7a, branch of Paddle river coming from Caribou Mts. " Ptarmigan." ka tci, comb, 392, 18. ko la, old man, 318, 3; 320, 3; 346, 9. ku, e he 6 , camp, 302, 14. k'us dii e, dress, 322, 14. k'tit dai 6 , willow, 315, 15. 428 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X r Pronouns, personal pronouns. There are personal pronouns for the first and second persons, singular and plural. The pronouns in the third person are also demonstrative. The personal pronouns have a longer form when used independently and occur also with a suffix -ne. The form with the possessive and postposition is shorter or weaker and has the vowel influenced by the sounds which follow it. First person, singular, sai, I, 316, 9. sun ne, I, 395, 13. cai, I, 325, 8. caj, I, 354, 15. caj, I, 356, 6. caj, me, 339, 18. cajn, 7, 328, 16. cain, mine, 370, 3. cun ne, I, 394, 14. ca-, sa-, se-, are the forms used as a possessive prefix and with post- positions making adverbial place and directional phrases. cawo e , my teeth, 349, 9. ca ze f [ % my former nephew, 329, 3. ca zi, my son-in-law, 341, 4. sa but', my belly, 310, 9. se ze, my uncle, 328, 12. ca yu e, under me, 317, 2. ca ga, beside me, 394, 15. ca k'e, after me, 394, 15. ce tc'i e , to me, 329, 17; 346, 3. ce ga, to me, 336, 17. ce ke da, behind me, 381, 18. A weakened form with the vowel u followed by a consonant determined by the following syllable occurs. In two cases where n follows, the vowel is probably nasalized. sin la, my hands, 394, 16. cin wo € , my nose, Ft. St. J. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 429 cin la gwon ne t'a, in my finger nails, 344, 11. cut day 7a, my older brother, 394, 6. cut tcii € a, ?72?/ 60?/, 327, 1 . suk k'e, offer me, 395, 13. cut da 7a, /or me, 301, 16; 371, 4. Second person singular. nai, you, 329, 17; 346, 5. na ni, you, 362, 9; 373, 13. . ni, you, 327, 15. nun e, you, 329, 17; 330, 1. nun nai, ?/cw, 320, 12. nun ne, t/ow, 320, 10. ne mi le e , your snares, 357, 8. na du7 7a, for you, 302, 15. ne tc'i, from you, 336, 16. ne k'e, after you, 338, 1 . ni ka ts'I, to you, 319, 18. ni k'e, on you, 317, 17. First person plural. The expected form would be na hi or nu xi. The possessive form has na xa but other forms have the n missing. na xa gut dai, our animals, 314, 12. na xus ke ge, our children, 310, 2. na hi se a ci, our uncle, 326, 1. axa,forus, 328, 13; 343, 12. a xat tc'I € , after us, 382, 9. a xa t'a, with us, 369, 11. a xa ga € la, by us, 316, 2. a xut ta, among us, 339, 12; 396, 2. Second person plural. As is the case in some other Athapascan languages the first and second persons of the plural are not diif erentiated in Beaver. £ a' xa, you, 341, 18. na xai t'o e, your arrows, 314, 10. naxa7utdai, your animals, 313, 16; 318, 1. a xa, for you, 343, 14. a xain ka 6 , after you, 358, 16. a xai dV, without you, 359, 2. 430 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, A reflexive pronoun occurs in Beaver, chiefly but not exclusively in the third person. The possessive forms are without the initial syllable a. a da ne, himself, 364, 5. at da, for herself, 391, 9. at dai, himself, 304, 10. (Fig. 52.) at dun ne, he himself, 318, 16. e at dun nl, he, 320, 17. ut dain, I myself, 314, 11. ut dain, himself, 313, 2. ut da ne', he himself, 352, 9. € ut dun ne, himself, 338, 17; £m£ himself, 359, 16. da € a xa e , his own snowshoes, 333, 2. da mi le £ , Aw snare, 303, 15. (Fig. 27.) da bi ze*, Aer &m/e, 305, 9. (Fig. 72.) dlt'a, his feather, 324, 18. dut I'ii le, her line, 305, 14. (Fig. 94.) dut tea I, his grandmother, 307, 12. (Fig. 131.) dutc tci ze € , her mitten, 311, 5. dtik ke e , his own moccasins, 304, 13. (Fig. 60.) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. For the third person demonstrative pronouns are generally employed. There is a complementary pair ye- and me- both with variations as to vowels due to following consonants. These seem to be used with some regularity in distinguishing the individuals involved in a narrative or dialogue. The principle on which the assignment of these is made is not apparent. It is not sex but may be rank. ma, for him, 320, 8; to them, 329, 4. ma tc'a, from it, 396, 5. me 1 , with, 347, 6; 392, 2. me da 7a, for him, 373, 12. me tcQ, between them, 387, 7. me t'a, near them, 363, 9. me ts'I u a, his wife, 308, 2. (Fig. 142.) me ga, for him, 349, 2. miii ka, after them, 317, 8. mo', for him, 335, 16. mo tc'I, to him, 333, 5. mut I'l se € , its grease, 304, 2. (Fig. 31.) 1917. Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 431 mut dug ga, for him, 304, 1. mut ts ? j% to it, 332, 9. muk ga, to it, 394, 2. Forms with b apparently varying phonetically with m appear. bet djp, 1 from him, 369, 10. be tc'I € , to him, 355, 1; to her, 376, 12. be kV, after him, 352, 14. but tc'j 6 , to him, 346, 5. btik ka, beside it, 378, 13. ya, for him, 305, 9; 320, 8; to him, 304, 3. (Figs. 31, 78.) ya Yq e, behind her, 314, 17. ye l'e je € , its grease, 304, 4. (Fig. 41.) ye 7a, ife hair, 322, 14. ye ta, among them, 307, 8. (Fig. 120.) ye ts'i € , toward him, 321, 1. ye tcV, /ro??i it, 342, 12. ye tc'i e , to him, 346, 16. ye tc'o, from him, 372, 10. ye ga, beside him, 329, 16. yek'e, offer Aim, 303, 19; 358, 7; 384, 10. yj ka, for it, 334, 3. yo, to Azm, 324, 17. yuk k'e, on Aer, 324, 2. yu ga 6 , %. them, 316, 2. There is a frequently used demonstrative appearing in different forms, ai yi, a yi, e yi, 6 e yi, € I e, 1. With a suffix an adverb or conjunction is formed, € e ji e e\ then, which occurs at the beginning of sentences in stories. ai yi, she, 316, 6. e yi ne, them, 370, 17. e e' yi ne, those people, 350, 10. e I e ne, those, 350, 11. I ne', those, 381, 6. in ne, those, 309, 14. Referring to the person or object nearer than others with which the comparison is made is di. di, this, 301, 10; 304,2; 317,13; 331,10. (Figs. 83, 108.) Also ma tcl e . 432 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, dl gi, this, 336, 11. de yl € e\ with these, 391, 14. gi-, gu-, (gi-) is found rather infrequently as a demonstrative; its definite force as yet undetermined. It has perhaps been confused with gi-, gu-, the plural prefix. gi da 7a, for him, 365, 13. gi t'a, in it. gl tc'j € , to it, 362, 16. gi k'e, after him, 335, 6. gu tac e, his arrows, 319, 7. » PLURAL PREFIX. A prefix gu- (gu-) indicates the plural with reference to the limiting rather than the limited noun. In character it resembles the possessive forms of the personal pronouns. gu ye t'o e e cl, their arrows, 314, 3. gu l'o I dji% after them, 382, 11. gu di ge, above them, 381, 9. gi yl ka, for them, 354, 7; 388, 4. gi k'e, on them, 354, 10. go ye% with them, 363, 4. gu ya, for them, 316, 10; 388, 14. gu ye tc'o% from them, 315, 10. gu yii, to them, 383, 1. gu ga e , with them, 316, 5. gu k'e, after them, 372, 5; 382, 8. Compare the suffix -gu used with certain nouns to form a plural, p. 418 above. ARTICLES. There is a proclitic I, which seems to be a weak demonstrative or an article. I de cin ne, the Cree, 331, 11. 1 dun ne, the man, 327, 17. 1 dun ne, the Beaver, 370, 3. I tse, stones, 392, 9. i tc'e ge, that woman, 334, 16. I ko la, that old man, 346, 12. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 433 ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. There are a few rather descriptive pronouns which are listed below. One or two of these might have been considered demonstrative pronouns as well. aita, all, 302, 11. aitai, all, 310, 11. (Fig. 190.) ai te, all, 317, 11; 318, 7; 324, 4. ai t'e, all, 331, 7. ait'ehl, all, 344, 1. e ai k'e, all, 318, 14. a dji, those, 326, 11. adji, before, 380, 10; 387, 1. a djun li, none, 393, 1. a dju n lj, nothing, 393, 14. a djiin dlj, nothing, 394, 13. atai,a//, 310, 12. (Fig. 179.) a tai ji', everything, 306, 17. at du li, none, 318, 2. at du li, nothing, 316, 3. at du lj, nothing, 311, 4. e yi, the one, 346, 16; tfAaf one, 362, 2, 3. e yP, those, 343, 4. e du li, none, 367, 3. e du lj, none, 318, 1. on t'ai, all kinds, 343, 9. € ut da ze', all, 322, 16. yayi, Jto, 335, 4; Mose, 358, 10. na lo, many, 305, 7. na lo ne, were many, 328, 6; many of them, 348, 13. na lu, many, 316, 11. na ta zo', a few, 389, 13. li dl, last, 365, 4. li ge, the other one, 304, 5. \\ gi, one, 304, 14. (Fig. 57.) 70 dji, ^a/, 324, 10. xais la, /a^, 335, 8. xais l'a last time, 334, 18; last, 378, 7. xais l'a dji € , tf/ze last, 303, 13. x&tse*, first, 307, 16; 327, 15; 330, 1; 378, 8. xa t'l, that kind, 347, 17; just that kind, 362, 2. 434 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, xa t'l zo, only that, 311, 10. xon tl a zon la, only thai, 304, 3. xo dji, after them, 377, 10. xo te, some kind, 321, 11. xo t'e, such, 321, 12. hai yi, that, 328, 1. da xa ne, some of them, 348, 12. da xun ne, some of them, 344, 4. da hun ne, some of them, 335, 12; 340, 15; some, 389, 13. ts'a ze, old, 374, 8. tc'e la, clumsy, 372, 8. tc'ul la, worthless, 379, 16. tc'ul la', poor, 366, 13; 367, 9. tc'ul lai, bad, 328, 10. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS. For convenience's sake and in order to group similar forms together the interrogatives of all classes are listed here. v e yi je, what, 343, 10. I e xa € , why. u da ye, what, 320, 13. u da won t'e, why, 380, 3. € u da was t'e, what am I, 320, 15. ye a t'l, what is it, 336, 13. ye 7Q, why, 394, 8. ye tc'I, from whom, 321, 17. ye ka, for what, 337, 8; 385, 9. ye ka, what, 325, 9. ye ka, why, 319, 1, 17. yi a t'l, where, 308, 14. ye wo, why, 313, 12. yi wo', for what, 301, 9. ye 7a, why, 314, 8. ne dj", where is it, 341, 9. je ka, why, 362, 4. xo tc'j e , where, 337, 10. dai sais, hoiv soon, 396, 14. dai sais eg, how soon, 396, 14. dai sa da', how far, 370, 2. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect, 435 dai sa dg e , what time, 356, 2. da won t'e, what time, 305, 19. (Fig. 96.) da ne te, why, 367, 4. da je de, how, 331, 7. dat'I, what, 313, 2; 317, 4. dak'i, how, 306, 16. (Fig. 113.) de dji e , where, 339, 3. di a tea', tvhere. dl e u ye, w^ai is Ais name, 302, 18. di e dji e , when, 301, 14. dl e djl £ , where, 328, 1. di e djr, tvhere, 389, 9. don t'a, wAa£ is £Ae matter, 369, 1. don t'e, how is it, 336, 15. don t'e, why, 363, 17; 366, 14. don t'l, how did it happen, 321, 16. do t'e, why, 335, 5; 357, 7. do t'g t'e, what is the matter, 358, 4. There are several interrogative prefixes and particles associated with verbs. ye-, prefixed to verbs, asks what. ye on te'e, what is it, 393, 18. ye € on t'e, what is it, 371, 18. ye da' di, what did you (plu.) say? me- with verbs inquires who. me £ a li', who is it, 310, 16. (Fig. 183.) me' a ce dl, who says it of met 317, 18. da- with verbs inquires how or what. da 6 o wun ne da, how did you live, 321, 4. da wac ta, what shall I do, 325, 1." da woe t'e, how shall I live, 352, 16. . da wo te'e de ke, what is the matter, 368, 4. da na da, what is the matter, 317, 17. da na dja, how did it happen, 351, 4. da na t'ii, what are you doing, 301, 8. da ne de hwii e , what are you doing, 387, 3. da ne t'e, how is it, 320, 15; what is the matter, 368, 18. da ne t'e, what are you, 320, 4; what is the matter with you, 365, 16. da nuc le, what can I do to you, 329, 18. dan net di he ka, what you going to do with it, 346, 2. 436 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, da ce a ne t'e e, how you will do, 337, 9. dac la lg, what did I do to, 313, 17. da Yin t'j wg, what is the matter, 365, 11. da 76 t'a, what shall we do, 324, 11. da7utdja, what has happened to, 327, 1. da dja on t'e, what is the matter, 380, 1. da dja € gn t'e, what has happened, 365, 5. dl do' dl a t% what does he mean, 307, 3. di dg t'e, who is this, 361, 2. gon-, kg-, loosely connected with the verb phonetically, marks the state- ment of the verb interrogative as to the fact. That is, it is used with direct questions where in English the order is reversed, or the inflection of the voice is changed. gon nl t[\ are you lying down? kg ti da a na t'j, are you alonef INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. The interrogative elements may express uncertainty although but few examples of this appear. da us t'e e le, something is going to happen, 378, 4. da ce wo te, how exactly, 351, 13. dac t'e, something is the matter with me, 378, 4. don t'a, whatever happens, 368, 15. du\da, somewhere, 310, 10. (Fig. 178.) 1917.] , Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 437 Numerals. The numerals of Athapascan as far as five are the same or phonetically related in practically all dialects. A considerable variety exists above five. In Beaver, six has " three " for its last component and eight has " four." They must mean then "twice three" and "twice four" or "another three" and " another four," although the first component is not recognizable. Nine appears to mean "nearly ten." The suffixes used with the numeral may be locative in origin; -d\, and -djl at least seems to be, while -tc'e has not been even tentatively identified. As obtained in series. I la tc'e', one. ofi ki tc'e', hvo. ta tc'e', three. diye tc'e', four. la tc'e di, five. e. tc'i t a tc'e', six. tayu. djl, seven. e. tc'it di tc'e', eight. k'al luk k'l tc'e', nine. k'i ni tc'i', ten. I la dj ma ta', eleven. la tc'u dj ma ta', fifteen. on ki k'e dj, twenty. k'i we ne de ke tc'i', one hundred. k'in ne tc'e tcok', one thousand (big ten). As they occur in the texts. In la dje% one, 350, 1. In la tc'e', one, 350, 2. I la t'l, one, 301, 2. In la de tcu yl e , one at a time, 311, 3. onke, twice, 335, 11- 347,14. on ke di, two, 301, 1; 305, 17. on ke t'e, two, 329, 5. q ke t'e, two, 339, 16. on ke t'l, two, 304, 13; 342, 5. (Fig. 60.) on ke tc'e, two, 395, 1. on ke k'i, two, 319, 8. 438 Anthropological Payers American Museum of Natural History [Vol. X, Qh ke t'e ne, two men, 338, 9. Qfi ke t'l he t'e, both of them, 339, 16. on ke Yut de t'e, both of them, 358, 16. on ke 7ut de t'e, the two, 338, 18. ofi ke gut det t'e, both, 366, 4. q ke Tut de t'e, two of them, 322, 14; 347, 9. ta de, ffcree, 306, 17; 309, 14. (Fig. 162.) ta de da, three, 315, 18. ta de de, three of them, 310, 1. tadi, three, 305, 15; 309, 17. ta tcV, three, 380, 17. dl an t'e, four, 312, 12. dl an t'l, four, 312, 11. dl en t'e ne, four, 385, 12. dj e t'e, four, 377, 10. djin dje, four, 396, 9. la' djai t'e, five, 379, 3. in tci ta djl, six, 396, 1. in tc'it din dl, eight, 390, 14 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 439 Adverbs. place. The adverbs in any way relating to position or order in space are listed together. Their variety and number indicate a trait of Indian habit of thinking and speech, the precise localization of objects and happenings. ai ye da 1 , there, 394, 10. ai ye di, there, 301, 7. ai yi dV, there. a ye da, there, 393, 4. a ye di, right there, 327, 15. a yi ga, there, 363, 3. e di wl tc'j 6 , thither, 325, 2. e di wo tc'j 6 , from there, 323, 14. e djn, there, 318, 18. e din, there, 375, 7. e di zo, only there, 311, 5. e di sun t'e, right there, 341, 16. e di xo tc'j € , thither, 363, 10. e do we ts'e 6 , from there, 316, 18. e do wo t'e he 6 , there, 301, 12. e du we tc'e\ from there, 310, 14. (Fig. 172.) et de, there, 325, 4. l % there, 308, 4. I 6 e di, there, 376, 14; 384, 5, 8. (Figs. 79, 151.) i e di wo, there, 333, 7. I e di wo tc'j 6 , from there, 311, 2. I 6 e dje 6 , there, 381, 3. I yi he e , from there, 304, 18. i wa tcj 6 , there, 353, 15. 6 i wa tc'j 6 , from there, 356, 15. in da dje 6 , on either side, 301, 6. 6 in da dji, on each side, 301, 2. i di', there, 351, 3. V di zo € , only there, 309, 8. i do ne € ', across. I tse, below, 308, 2. (Fig. 142.) i ts'i, down there, 312, 12. 440 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, I k'e dji e , along there, 301, 7. gn ka, in that direction, 319, 11. on ka, toward, 350, 3. q xai, nearby, 345, 2. fit ts'i, toward, 318, 6. u tc'j e , from there, 383, 1. ya 7 a, over there, 301, 14; 303, 11; 318, 18; 337, 7; 343, 2. ya Yai, owr ^ere, 337, 5; 362, 15. ya 71, over there, 301, 15. ya xai, over there, 349, 5. ya do ne, across, 396, 4. ya gi, over there, 310, 8. ya go zon e , over there, 332, 9. ye yi di ge, wp £Aere, 343, 3. ye yu e, under, 327, 16. ye7e, oi>er there, 309, 17. (Fig. 162.) ye de, ^ere, 358, 9. ye' di, there, 307, 5. ye dr e, 6ac& ^ere, 321, 4. ye di € e, above here, 362, 11. ye di wa tc'i € , through that, 381, 11. ye di wo tc'j € , from ^erg, 311, 12. ye di ge, wp, 305, 14. ye di gi, wp, 341, 13. ye dje r , wp, 393, 15. ye tg t'e djV, far from there, 346, 14. ye tci, below, 308, 3. (Fig. 136.) yi da, ahead, 302, 14. yi dai, forward, 306, 14; ahead, 307, 19. (Fig. 140.) yi da ne, ahead, 327, 6. yi de, back, 317, 15. yi de, behind, 375, 3. yi de', over there, 375, 8. yi de' ye, behind, 303, 10. (Fig. 17.) yi di, behind, 356, 3. yi di ye, back, 326, 18. yi di zo, jwsJ 6ac& ^ere, 317, 15. yi di ge, up, 305, 2; 327, 15; 360, 9. (Fig. 63.) yi di ge, up there, 384, 7. yi di ge, up the bank, 374, 3. yi di gi, up, 330, 10. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect 441 yi duy 7et de, up on shore, 323, 13. yi duk, one side, 306, 2. (Fig. 86.) yit da € , ahead, 312, 16. yit dai, there ahead, 346, 2. (Fig. 37.) yit dai e e, way over. yit dai xe t'l e, ahead, 313, 17. yit da dj, over there, 372, 3. yit da tee, up, 304, 1 . yi ts'e, further out, 363, 18. yi tse', out there, 345, 9. yi ts'i € , down, 313, 1. yi ts'I, down there, 360, 10. yi ts'I gu, down the bank, 307, 17. (Figs. 129, 130.) yi tci, down, 307, 19. yo e g, over there, 360, 13. yo xo', over there, 385, 10. yu e e, under, 330, 8. yu e dje 6 , down, 393, 11. yu e dji 6 , under that, 311, 13. yii e te'e, low, 393, 10. yu g 6 , over there, 367, 11. yii 1 gn, over there, 360, 14. yu € on, over there, 306, 15. yii £ e gn, over there, 360, 17. yu o ne, over there, 355, 6. yu on ne e , over there, 327, 9. yii u e, under, 394, 3. yu dji, over there, 396, 7. wa tc'j € , /rom, 356, 9. wa k'uts ts'Is un ne', north. wg, £Aere, 360, 15. won, here, 322, 6. won 1'on dje e , far, 333, 2. wo ts'it, thither, 323, 15. wo tc'j £ , toward it, 311, 4. wo tc'i e , ^ere, 305, 3. (Fig. 70.) wo tc'I e , through it, 317, 5. wo tc'i e , thither, 333, 7. na wo dje e , on top, 301, 15. na sa, ahead of me, 332, 3. na7ai, over there, 306, 9. (Fig. 110.) 442 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X r la t| ye, from one to the other (?), 343, 2. lin ta tl dji, right half way, 301, 12. 1'a dai, on the bank, 307, 14. 1'a djP, the bach, 326, 13; behind, 384, 10. zi t'a la, inside, 355, 11. zl t'a gi, inside, 355, 12. je da 7a, below, 360, 8. ju V, under, 392, 2. ca dl dj e , m 2Ae sunshine. ya de, across, 333, 8. yon, ^ere, 341, 5. yo' dji e , thence, 334, 2. yo dji € , from there, 369, 6. yo tc'i e , ^ere, 387, 1. yo tc'j € , thither, 363, 13. yu ye, a/o^ f/^re, 310, 12. (Fig. 179.) xa is la/, behind. xalade, a/*md, 323, 2; 337, 12, 16. xa la dj, in front. xa lat de, ahead, 338, 4. xut dut dl, JAw pZace, 305, 5. (Fig. 76.) xa k'a, west, 393, 13. xo xai, close, 370, 18. xo ta tcin, by the fire, 327, 2. xwa 4 , near, 347, 1. xw§, close, 327, 11. xwa. e a, c/ose, 376, 7. xwa a wq € , close, 362, 11. xwa e, close by, 325, 14. xwa e he € , so close, 395, 10. xw^xa, close,, 328, 8. xwa he 1 , c/ose 6?/, 328, 10. xwon da\ near by, 374, 9. hwa, close, 305, 1. dain de e dji € , across, 329, 11. dain di e € djl e , across, 327, 8. daj n dl ye', other side. da mas di, around it, 307, 14. da 1'a dje, backwards, 354, 1. da ts'j € e, south. di ge, up, 330, 7. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 443 di ge dje 6 , up river. du e, along there, 303, 18. (Fig. 29.) du ye, along there, 303, 6; 306, 14; 310, 15. (Fig. 20.) du yi de 6 e, here behind, 331, 3. du* da, somewhere, 310, 10. du' dee, here, 329, 15. du' di 6 el 6 a, here, 382, 14. du djo, here, 371, 15. dji djin dje, behind me, 394, 15. dji k'e, up, 393, 11. dji k'e dje 6 , up, 393, 15. djo 6 , here, 332, 15. djo', here, 314, 8; 328, 10; 396, 4. djo, Aere, 301, 16. dJQ, ftere, 301, 10; 303, 18. (Fig. 38.) djo, here. djon, here, 371, 7. djon dje, Aerg, 396, 3. djo la, here, 312, 8. djo 1 dje, here, 396, 5. dju, here, 303, 19. (Fig. 30.) djun, here, 306, 15; 325, 14. (Fig. 104.) ta won t'e dji 6 , far away, 345, 10. ta wo t'e dji 6 , far, 344, 10. ta na 1'ai dji, in the water, 357, 14. ta na Fai dji € , under the ground, 346, 11. te ye, in the water, 310, 6. (Fig. 170.) tgetcV,/ar, 349, 15. tgn te zl 6 , far, 384, 7. ton te dji 6 , far, 355, 10. ton ti a tc'e, far, 316, 14. ton t'e, far, 305, 15; 338, 8. ton t'e dji% far, 310, 14. (Fig. 180.) ton t'e k'l, far, 359, 20. ton t'l a, far, 382, 11. ton t'l e djl € , far, 332, 12. ton k'e, far, 359, 19. to t'e di, far, 342, 14. to t'e do, far, 380, 5. to t'e dji, far, 343, 4. tQ k'e dji 6 , /ar, 375, 4. 444 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, tu' da' djj% up current. tu k'e cl e , downstream, 388, 4. tu k'e dji% down current. tse a tci 6 , down, 302, 9. ' ts'e, outside, 322, 3. tcV, outside, 367, 11. ts'e djl e , outside, 329, 2. go, ^ere, 393, 2. go ye, ^Aere, 345, 11. gg hwo, there, 371, 18. go tc'j 6 , there, 387, 2. gu e xa k'a he € , along there, 301, 6. gu we, along there, 307, 19. (Fig. 135.) gwa, is close, 370, 3. gwa tc'i e , thither, 319, 13. got da co € , somewhere, 363, 5. gwa tee/, thither, 381, 2. gwa dje/\ over there, 349, 16. gwa tce e , oxer there, 391, 3. gwa tcj% there, 391, 1. gwut djl 6 , over there, 367, 20. kon, there, 361, 1. ku e, inside, 347, 2; 367, 13. TIME. e ai ye e , £/tm, 356, 11. ai ye € hwa, then, 353, 15. ai yi e e\ then, 303, 3; 346, 8, 11. e a yi e e', then. a yi l'o a, after that, 370, 16. a wo te'e, after, 305, 6. e a daj e, all the time, 356, 10. a duz ze, a// through, 356, 6. at da ze, all through, 357, 17. a tc'it do 6 , already, 394, 19. eyl'e, then, 362, 2; 376, 15. e wo t'e, since, 336, 17. e en t'l jo, suddenly, 325, 4. e he € , £Am, 306, 8. e di z5, only then, 301, 10. e* do, then, 395, 4. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 445 e du tc'j € , thereafter, 311, 7. e t'ai, immediately, 314, 10. e t'e, as soon as, 307, 8. e t'e, suddenly, 339, 15. I ye he e , then, 301, 11. e I wa tcV, after that, 390, 14. I wo, then, 307, 3 ; 326, 6. In da lin, then, 312, 6. in t'i zo, suddenly, 303, 7. (Figs. 21, 58, 71.) I la, tAero, 310, 18. (Fig. 175.) I IV, after thai, 309, 11. I do we tee, thereafter, 311, 8. I du we tc'i, after that, 397, 1 . I dlo we, after that, 395, 12. I t'i zo, suddenly, 304, 8. (Fig. 46.) e 6, *Am, 308, 10. on, now, 384, 6; ffcm, 305, 11. (Fig. 81.) Qn xai tc'j 6 , soon, 385, 15. q xai, soon, 365, 2. e o xe, soon, 375, 14. q dies, Zona £ime, 391, 1. e u\ ^m, 312, 2; 319, 11; 362, 2. (Fig. 5.) ut de jo, on/z/ then, 312, 3. tit t'e*, immediately, 304, 12. (Fig. 54.) ut t'e ga, just then, 304, 11. (Fig. 49.) tit' ye, immediately, 315, 6. ye l'o I, after that, 330, 13. ye dr o' tc'I, since then, 391, 12. wa 1'on dje/, some time after, 356, 12. wa te'e 6 , after that, 391, 1. w5n l'o e, after that, 336, 15. won de z§, long, 354, 14. wot l'o e e, after that, 364, 11. wo ts'et do', before that, 337, 6. la dai, awhile, 303, 3 (Fig. 11); a short time, 305, 5 (Fig. 67); long time, 362, 1. la dai t'e, long time, 369, 5; long, 388, 15. la de, long, 315, 20. lat dai e t'e, it was long, 376 ; 5. linlo', at last, 394, 12. lin do, then, 313, 4. * 446 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, lin do e , at once, 321, 3. lin do\ last time, 386, 14. 1'g dje, after that, 351, 7. 7a, now, 372, 10. 7a 11 then, 305, 2. (Fig. 65.) 7a fiin, then, 305, 2. (Fig. 75.) 7a lin, then, 384, 8. (Fig. 15.) 7a li lo, finally, 325, 12. 7a hwe £ , now, 345, 4. 7e t'e, soon, 363, 20. 70 1'q, after thai, 334, 12. xa £ , then, 306, 10. (Fig. 101.) xa lin lo', finally, 393, 19. xa tse do, at first, 342, 10. xa tse £ do', at first, 344, 3. xa tsi e , at first, 379, 5. xa ts'e, first, 362, 2. xa ts'e e , first, 320, 10. xats'I e e', at first, 390, 12. xut 1'e ge, it was night, 303, 11. (Fig. 25.) xut l'I do, in the morning, 304, 9. (Fig. 50.) da', then, 318, 10. de wo tc'j € , as long as, 306, 12. do', then, 340, 11. do, /Am, 344, 10. . dg\ then, 366, 11. du, recently, 359, 17. du, now, 336, 10; 340, 11. du tl ne wa tc'i € ', until the present, 391, 3. ton t'e tc'j € , Z \\ e e\ with dog, 352, 1. me e e e*, with it, 392, 1. tac € e', with arrows, 390, 8. me, with that, 336, 8. be, with, 343, 13. Jicarilla, be, with, 15, 15. -yii e, -yu € e', under, beneath. ye yu e, under him, 317, 3; 364, 15. yi yu e, under it, 305, 8; 337, 13. (Fig. 78.) na yii e, under the ground, 333, 17. ca yii e, under me, 317, 2. •e ki yu e e', under a beaver lodge, 381, 8. Hupa, mi ye, under it, 175, 6. Kato, o ye', under, 79, 14. -wo, -wo e , for, after. ga wo, for rabbits, 357, 7. tea wo e , for beaver, 313, 1. 454 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, -won, for (?), for the purpose (?). e yi won, for that, 345, 7. -nl e , -ni, in front of. Cf. -ni', face, p. 409 above, ya ni e , in front of them, 327, 11. yam', in front of them, 327, 11. -nus to we, -nus twa^ -nac twa,, without the knowledge of. yun nus to we, without his knowledge, 308, 15. mun nus twa_, without his knowledge, 307, 15. (Fig. 126.) ye nac twq,, without his knowledge, 390, 1. ye nuc twa/, without their knowledge, 343, 17. yun es to I, his knowledge, 308, 16. -1'6, -Yq e, offer, m ^e absence of, that is, after one has left. wa Yq, after that, 391, 2. ye To, m Ais absence, 303, 19. me To wa, m his absence, 360, 1. sa l'o, after sunset, 385, 13. tea* Yq l, after beaver, 345, 9. gu Yq i dji € , after them, 382, 11. ya l'g e, behind her, 314, 17. wo Yq e, afterward, 341, 9. dun ne l'g e, after the people left, 313, 18. Chip., ne i/a Gai, in your absence, 23, 8. -7a, fo/, beside. 1 7a 1 , beside each other, 370, 2. ya 7a, beside him, 386, 9. ye 7a, beside her, 355, 3. ne 7a 1 , beside you, 387, 4. kon 7a, by the fire, 323, 14. Chip., se Ga, by me, 33, 16. Hupa, xo wun, to him, 97, 1. Jicarilla, yl Ga, beside it, 42, 10. Nav., bl'gha'gi, along side of, p. 26. -7a, because of, by means of. e yi 7a, because of that, 348, 1 . € e yi 7a, with that, 333, 15. 1 While collecting word lists e k'uz ze was given for between. The confusion resulting from the various transcriptions is unfortunate. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 455 -7a za, -ga je, 1 between. 1 ga ze dji 6 , between, 309, 8. xic 7a za, between mountains, 301, 5. de tcin ga je, between sticks, 341, 15. -dai, -da, ahead, in front of. ye na dai, in front of him, 339, 15. yet dai, ahead of him, 361, 15. ]i wo dai, one ahead of the other, 310, 1. 7U dai, ahead of them, 361, 16. yet da, before him, 340, 1. yet da, in front of them, 335, 15. yl da e, in front of them, 352, 14. ce na da, in front of me, 335, 10. Jicarilla, yi da 6 , in front of it, 13, 9. -da cl xa. gu da ci xa, around them, 359, 11. -da 7a, -da7 7a, -dtry 7a, for, in the sense of waiting for. cet da 7a, waiting for me, 371, 5. cut da 7e, for me, 375, 4. be da 7a 6 e', waiting for him, 370, 5. yet da7 7a, for him, 384, 9. mut dtl7 ya, for him, 303, 20; 313, 10. na dii7 7a, for you, 302, 15. -di, without. a xai dV, without you, 359, 2. e di, without, 360, 7. e di, without, 304, 12. Chip., ye di, without him, 20, 1. -di ge, above. 1 gu di ge, above them, 381, 9. -do na. ye do na, opposite side, 327, 8. -dji 6 , place at, there (?). ai yi 1q dji 6 , the end of it, 324, 16. 6 j da dji 6 , on each side, 347, 4. 1 See, yi di ge, up there, an adverb of place, p. 440. 456 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ma tun ne djl € , his road, 307, 19. da kwe e djl e , to his own camp, 328, 6. ta ne 1'ai djl € , at the bottom of the water, 344, 6. -ta, among. ai yl ta, among them, 316, 19. a xut ta, among us, 339, 12; 396, 2. ye ta, among them, 307, 8. (Fig. 120.) Hup a, mit tax, amongst, 310, 10. Kato, ye bl* ta', houses among, 171, 17. Jicarilla, yl ka, among, 25, 6. In Jicarilla every t becomes k. -ta di dje, middle. sa ge ta di dje, river middle. -tus, -tais, beyond, over. ma tus, over it, 394, 17. mut tuc, over, 394, 18. tu tais, over the water, 332, 1 1 . Chip., be ted, beyond. Hupa, xo tis, over him, 121, 10. Kato, 5 tus, beyond it, 77, 12. -t'a, inside, near. in t'a, toward each other, 394, 18. € in t'a di ts'it el e, it sticks together, 328, 15. I t'a, inside, 315, 19. ye t'a, near them, 383, 17. ye t'a, to him, 323, 6. yl zi € t'a, in him, 353, 11. nun t'a, m tfAe ground, 335, 14. sat t'a, m^A me, 351, 5. du ye t'a, in the cache, 375, 17. t'a jj in, 348, 10. Chip., be ta, to it, 25, 13. -t'a dji 6 , -t'a tci, -t'a ji, with, because of. t'a dji € , on that (I live), 304, 3. ye t'a dji e , because of him, 369, 18. e yl t'a dji, with that, 322, 15. ye t'a tci, with him, 352, 18. but t'a ji, with, 352, 16. -ts'e do, before, before the time. Composed of -ts'e, first, and -dg, the time of or when. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 457 dun ne ts'e do, before the people, 362, 1. Cf. -I'o, after. -tea 6 , on account of, because of. tea 6 , on account of, 389, 14. e yi tea 6 , on account of that, 321, 14. -tee don, -tco do'. ye tee don, ahead of them, 384, 5. ya tco do', ahead of him, 304, 10. -tcon, -tco, between. gi tcon, between them, 387, 8. me teg, between them, 387, 7. -tc'a € , -tc'a, -tc'o, from, away from. ye tc'a 4 , from it, 342, 12. tc'a 6 , from, 336, 18. ye tc'a, from him, 368, 1, ma tc'a, from it, 396, 5. me tc'a, from them, 389, 13. de ci ne tc'a, on account of the Cree, 382, 4. ye tc'o, from him, 372, 10. ye tc'o ta, from her, 376, 11. gii ye tc'o 6 , /rora £Aem, 315, 10. Chip., se tc'a ze, from me, 40, 3. Hupa, hwik kya, from me, 266, 15. Jicarilla, yi ts'a, from them, 62, 2. Nav., slts'ajl, away from me, 29. -te'e a. ye te'e a, in front of them, 318, 6. -tc'I, -ts'i, from, that is, /Ae source of. a yi tc'I, from that one, 322, 9. wa tc'I, from this time, 306, 12. ne tc'I, from you, 336, 16. xa k'l tc'I, from buffalo, 311, 8. 7jfit dai ts'I, from an animal, 323, 7. Chip., ne ts'I, from you, 11, 17. -tc'j 6 , toward, in the direction of. ya tc'j 6 , toward the sky, 305, 3. (Fig. 75.) ye' tc'j 6 , to it, 305, 2. 458 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X,. wo tc'j e , toward it, 311, 4. mut tc'jS to it, 315, 6; to him, 324, 3. ne tc'j 6 , to you, 341, 7; 347, 2. nun tc'j 6 , to the land, 338, 8. cac tc'j e , to bear, 347, 8. ce tc'i € , to me, 347, 7. xat da tc'j € , toward moose, 353, 7. go tc'I € , thither, 309, 16. gu ts'I 6 , towards them, 371, 19. Chip., dje0 ts'un 6 , toward hook, 25, 12. Hupa, xo tcin, toward her, 98, 9. Kato, o tc'ufi 6 , to him, 79, 9. Nav., bich'i" (bi ts'j e ) toward it, Vol. II, p. 56, top. -ga, by, at the edge of. ye ga, to them, 317, 11. mtlk ga, by him, 310, 8; with him, 384, 3. lu ge ga', by the fish, 350, 5. cis k'a ga, along the mountain, 324, 9. be ke ga, beside his foot, 387, 6. gu ga, to them, 302, 9. See -7a, above. -kai he. xic kai he, above the mountains, 301, 14. -ka, -n ka, after, for it. a xain ka, after you, 359, 2. wo ka, about it, 331, 8. ml ka, after him, 318, 17; for it, 307, 11; for him, 352, 11. (Fig. 124.) \\ ka, for each other, 389, 16. de cin ne ka, for Cree, 354, 7. ka, about it, 342, 4. ka, to it, 331, 5. yin ka, for him, 352, 17; for them, 307, 6. (Fig. 118.) won ka, toward,. 331, 4. Chip., be ka, for them, 36, 5. Hupa, xo xa, for him, 140, 7. Kato, no kwa, for us, 181, 7. Jicarilla, yl ka, after them, 38, 12. Nav., ba/kasha/, I go for it, Vol. II, p. 48. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 459 -ka ze, -k'a zi, -k'a je, by the side- of. tu k'a ze, one side of the road, 367, 6. k'a zi, owe si'de, 328, 3. tu k'a je, by the trail, 391, 9. Cf. ye k'e da, along side of him, 325, 2. Chip., ye Ga k'M e, Jm'(fe it, 29, 13. -ke da, behind. ye ke da, behind him, 381, 18. ce ke da, behind me, 381, 18. -k'e, on. es tun ne k'e, on the ice, 339, 13. In k'e, on that, 313, 2. wo k'e, on, 337, 5. mi ge € k'e, on the lake, 379, 13. nun k'e, on ground, 332, 14. cis k'e, ow mountain, 357, 10. xa k'ai k'e, on the buffalo, 318, 8. bick'e, on knife, 386, 11. du k'e, o?z an island, 388, 6. tu tcok' k'e, on the ocean, 333, 9. k'e, on it, 306, 15. Chip., be k'e, on it, 30, 12. Hupa, muk kut, on it, 104, 8. Jicarilla, bi k'e, by them, 17, 6. Nav., bi k'i, on it, 135. -k'e, after, behind. This may be a related meaning of -k'e, given above, ye k'e, after it, 305, 3; after him, 358, 5. (Fig. 75.) yj k'e, after it, 302, 10. yl k'e, after him, 358, 5. dun ne k'e, after the people, 312, 6; 314, 7; 318, 5. gu k'e, offer them, 319, 5. -k'e tc'I 6 , -k'e tc'e € , -k'e dji € , like, resembling, in the manner of. Used with nouns but not with pronouns, xa k'ai k'e tc'I € , like buffalo, 388, 18. dun ne k'e tc'j e , like people, 361, 5. dun ne k'e tc'e e , like people 354, 2. xut da k'e dji € , moose like, 372, 10. e te'u^a' k'e ne, foreign way, 386, 10. 460 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, Some element which in contracting results in -5', -on, to, by, from. yo\ to her, 376, 16. yo\ from him, 368, 6. mo', on him, 353, 6. sa', to me, 393,. 9. con, to m£, 348, 1. con, from me, 352, 16. kwon, to them, 388, 5. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 461 Interjections and Exclamations. ai e si, well, 307, 16. e«, E — , 332, 5. I, eh, 302, 8. hV, 6e/zo/c/, 332, 9. hV, / wish, 315, 16. xa,well, 301, 15; 303,3; 326,1. xa e , well, 305, 1; here, 304, 10; *Ae?i, 306, 10. (Figs. 53, 101.) xut, oh, 310, 9. (Fig. 169.) xwii V, xwui, 337, 12. tsi% it was, 320, 19. tce e , hold on, 343, 14. tc'e, hold on, 319, 6. tcV, hold on, 319, 5. gu no', / wish, 339, 10. gulo € , I wish, 315, 11. gu lu e , / ivish, 315, 14, 15. gu zo, behold, 312, 13. gu jo, suddenly, 349, 5. gu jo', behold, 351, 4. ke e , weW, 305, 19. (Fig. 189.) ko no, / wish, 393, 4. 462 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, Verbs. The verbs of Athapascan form the great body of any of its dialects since they are practically complete sentences. Their structure has been discussed in various connections, the remarks concerning the Chipewyan verbs on page 126 of this volume in particular being especially applicable to Beaver also. The elements entering into the verbs are listed in the order in which they occur in the verbs themselves: prefixes of several ranks, stems, and suffixes. ADVERBIAL PREFIXES. 1 6 a-, 6 o, a prefix occurring with a limited number of stems in verbs meaning to be, to do, to say. Its meaning is uncertain but it may serve as an object or in the place of one. ai le, they are, 304, 11. (Fig. 53.) % e \ lg, he had, 378, 10. 6 aye e \, they did it, 383, 19. 6 a ye dl 6 ak'e he, the way he told him, 352, 1. 6 a yin la 6 , he caused, 303, 1. (Figs. 9, 109.) a wa' dlj, make, 314, 18. a wg\ was killing them, 375, 1. 6 a won dla 6 , he caused, 310, 1. (Fig. 163.) a won t'e, you are?, 336, 16. £ a wg sun, they make, 350, 9. 6 a' na wac die, / will make, 349, 9. a na wo dja € , it happens again, 335, 8. a di, he means, 307, 6. (Fig. 116.) 6 a dja 6 , it went, 305, 2. (Fig. 63.) at tcuk', (they) were crying, 359, 8. a t'i, he was, 303, 3; it was 317, 2. (Fig. 11.) 6 a*tc'e le, they fixed, 392, 19. a tc'et di, they said, 333, 5. a ku di, he thought, 305, 1. on la 6 , he made, 338, 6; 370, 5; 346, 11. € gn la 6 , he got, 352, 4. 6 on t'e, you are, 320, 4. 1 Comparative material will be found for Chipewyan beginning with p. 127 above; Hupa. 1. c, p. 39; Kato, 1. c, p. 43; Chasta Costa, E. Sapir, University of Pennsylvania, The Uni- versity Museum, Anthropological Publications, Vol. II, p. 301, 1914. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 463 on-, Q-, a prefix meaning back, in retracing one's steps; probably the same prefix means with other stems, to abandon, to desert, to throw away. 6 q non dja, he came back, 379, 17. € q no dja, he came home, 358, 3. on des ya, he started back, 307, 10. (Figs. 123, 150.) e Q 7m del, they went back, 368, 6. € q din da, go back, 320, 1. gn ye de te, she deserted him, 333, 14. on de xul, / threw it away, 394, 16. e on dl te, throw it away, 372, 2. ofi gi de tl, they threw him away, 322, 18. on kii des la, he threw them away, 322, 11. e 6 ce de t[ € e, he threw me away, 376, 14. q da' wo tel I, we will throiv it away, ?Ti2, 11. q dus tel, I will desert him, 333, 14. ya-, up, into the air. ya I la, jumped up, 364, 15. ya na o wa dlete, throiv up, 335, 10. wo-, won-, used of space and with subjects which are intangible or absolute as of darkness and weather. Compare go-, below, won tca € , large, 373, 9. won tea di, was large, 303, 6. (Fig. 20.) wo \[, there will be, 314, 12. wo li, was there, 315, 12. wo jii, good, 361, 4. wo 7m letc, they were, 382, 4. wo da gac,-^ was dark, 394, 1. wo dlo, were many, 333, 4. na-, evidently refers to position on or movement over the surface of land or water as distinct from a position above, when da-, is used, na e a, it stands, stands up, 355, 7; 355, 6. na *a' dot, he was making signs along, 331, 5. na zut, it stood, 393, 13; 395, 8. na sut ti, I will stand, 341, 6. nac 1'ic, I ran, 394, 17. nai 7iit da 1'itc, he chased him around, 310, 4. na ni dok' lo, he had made tracks, 352, 13. na 7a ol, were swimming, 376, 10. 464 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, na 7a ye\, he carried, he was carrying, 303, 20; 304, 2. na 7a dal, went along, 319, 5. na 7a kit, he is paddling back, he was paddling, 376, 7, 10. na 7iit 1'a, he ran, 387, 5. na 7ut da, something was moving, started to move, 302, 4; 324, 18; 333, 7. na da sa e a, stood, 337, 14. na date \q, he had sat there, 357, 11. na de\ they stay, 342, 9. na djut, went hunting, he hunted, 332, 16; 366, 16; 367, 2. na ta, look, 352, 12; 363, 6. na tc'a ba', were at war, 354, 5. na te'e di', they were living, 378, 4. na-, down, evidently used of movement and of objects suspended, naj la, he took down, he put down, 304, 10; 304, 8. (Fig. 45.) na 7a ya la dje 6 , goes down, 301, 12. na bal 1, was hanging, 364, 13. na ts'ut de t'e, as soon as he fell, 343, 7. na-, iteration : (a) to repeat an act ; (b) to retrace or undo an act. na ye ni t[, he brought it back, 369, 17. na ye 7m da e , she made him alive again, 323, 7. na yu ni la, he threw back, 339, 17. na na wo tec, we will lie down again, 359, 9. na 7un nes tj, she lay down again, 311, 11. na din da', go back, 369, 15. ni na ye dl la', he took back, 303, 15. (Fig. 27.) -ni-; -ne-, -nu-, referring to movement toward or position on the ground, ni I ya, he got up, 304, 10. (Fig. 50.) ni ye ni la, he put them down, 343, 5. ni ye t\, he put her, 301, 16. ni wo ni sut, rushed up, 303, 13. (Fig. 26.) ni nac e a, / was setting (traps), 394, 6. ni 7a ni del, they came, 344, 5. nes da, she sat down, 334, 9. Cf. sut da, she sat, 334, 10. nes t[ ye, he ivas lying down, 304, 6. (Fig. 44.) nes ti, he lay down, 303, 8. (Fig. 22.) nut te, he slept, 303, 7. .( Fi g- 21.) With the element -di-, usually separated from ni- and standing nearer the stem which in most cases it immediately precedes the meaning is up from the ground. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 4G5 nl ye din la, she took them up, 312, 13. ni ye din ti, she took it up, 311, 5. Cf. t'a yin tin, she put him in, 311, 6. nl yi dl ti, he took up, 306, 7. ni na ye dl la', he took back, 303, 15. (Fig. 27.) nl dut dl ya, he took for himself, 308, 4. (Fig. 159.) ni dut dl ya, he took, 307, 10. (Fig. 122.) no-, nu-, back. Probably nl- or na- contracted with an unknown element, no Yut dja, he came back, 317, 16. no dja, came back, 306, 2. (Fig. 88.) nu get, he came back, 352, 18. le-, li-, Id-, with a following adverbial prefix signifies reciprocal motion to or away from each other; the prefix alone may be a direct object of the verb. le yes la, he held them together, 340, 4. le wo Yut ditc, they told each other, 310, 18. (Fig. 185.) le Yun ne djit, they tvere afraid of each other, 347, 4. le dai yitc, he was breaking, 343, 17. le da Ya t'as, they would cut off, 347, 13. le da ton, it broke, 331, 11. le de l'a, he raced, 361, 14. le dun ne cii, growing together, 309, 8. tj la Yin jq, they began to kill each other, 377, 5. li xal, he broke, 330, 8. li t'as e 1q, he cut off, 347, 14. ni Iuy Yut ye % they saw each other, 310, 17. (Fig. 174.) to na Ya t'atc, they met each other, 355, 14. xa-, xo-, out, used of motion out of the ground or other mass, also of receptacles, xain la e e*, he took out, 319, 7. xai Yait la, he jumped out, 396,, 10. xa ya Yin ton, he pidled it out, 323, 15. xa se tc'e so, he ran out after them, 395, 2. xadawassil, they run out, 316, 12. xon na date, does he come out, 301, 14. xon da ditc, he pulled his hand out, 309, 11. xwon ts'et tetc, they took him out, 348, 1*0. xa-, thus, in a manner already indicated. xa yin lai, that way he did, 336, 10. 466 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, xa won t'e ci, that way it is, 386, 7. xa si t'e, we do this way, 371, 15. xa cin la e , it happened to me, 394, 14. xa da tc'e e intc, they kept doing that, 335, 10. xa dja 6 , it happened thus, 369, 19. xa-, not of sufficient definiteness to assign to either of the above or to characterize, xa won tj, e I % took his ivife away, 368, 6. xa wo 7m kin, they began to shovel off a place, 379, 11. xa na ya 7m tj, he took him down, 361, 3. xa nes tetc, they lay down, 359, 7. xa 7"dt da, he was watching, 331, 6. xa 7ut da, he lived through (the winter), 379, 11. xat yel, he gnawed off, 309, 2. xin xats, he gnawed, 309, 3. xo-, back', na- is used of returning from a completed journey, xo-, of an interrupted one. xo 7a nl t'atc, they turned back, 385, 1. Cf . xo nl t'l yi, at the turn, 302, 6. da-, of position or motion when the place is higher than the ground, da a Yq e le e e e e, they used to, set, 303, 7. da ye t'ok e dl e he € , because he shot up, 305, 1. (Fig. 66.) da sa kits, tipped up, 304, 19. (Fig. 62.) da si I'a, we jumped, 394, 18. da cit tc'j, we were sitting, 396, 3. da de ts'I yi, where they were sitting, 337, 3. da' ts'I, sit, 371, 4. de-, relating to fire. da de hit, he used to burn, 370, 16. de wq k'on, build, 374, 9. de des k'g, caught fire, 337, 3. ■de des k'gn, burned, 339, 7. de des k'on, it burned, 343, 5. de dl k'a/, they kindle, 392, 8. tsl de 7m la, he threw in the fire, 304, 9. (Fig. 48.) ta-, away from. ta na de 1'e, ran away, 364, 16. ta na din I'a, you run off, you are running away, 327, 13; 387, 3. ta 7a de I'a, they ran away, they were running, 372, 13; 372, 13. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 467 ta-, ti-, used when the initiation of the act is particularly stressed, ta m ts'it lo, you are beginning to starve, 356, 5. ta tc'et des del, they started, 363, 3. tin a ya ne ts'ut, they began to die, 374, 7. tjn ya, he could walk, 373, 8. t{ la yin 70, they began to kill each other, 377, 5. tj 7a ne lii, they began to starve him, 373, 6. ti da sut tcek', they started to cry, 302, 16. (Fig. 3.) ta-, ti-, with verbs meaning to kill, value undetermined, ta na ke, was killing, 323, 10. tas 7m wq, were all killed, 383, 3. ti ni wo, was killing them, 324, 6. ti gi un ni wo, teas killing them, 324, 5. te-, ti-, relating to movement into water. te 1'a do/, when he jumped in the water, 389, 5. te det ditc, he was feeling in the water, 382, 1. ti e l'&,he dived in, 310, 5. ti ts'i tV he 1 , who was put in the water, 348, 9. Cf . ta tc'ez ya, he walked ashore, 332, 14. t'a-, t'j-, in. t'ai ya 7m la, she put inside, 315, 10. t'ain ya, he went in, 384, 9. t'a yin tj, she put him in, 305, 9. t'a yin tin, she put him in, 311, 6. t'a na ni t'a, look inside, 315, 13. t'a 7m ya, he went in, 361, 17. t'j € q, she put in, 305, 9. (Fig. 72.) t'a-, t'o-, with verbs meaning to die. Compare ta-, ti-, above, a variation due possibly to errors in recording, t'ais ts'ut, she is dying, 355, 2. t'ais ke 1 , they began to die, 380, 17. t'ai ke e yg, they would die, 380, 7. t'a na won ts'it e c\, you will die, 373, 13. t'a n de ts'it, they die, 350, 15. t'a 7a ne ts'it, they died, 347, 13. t'o ts'i di, he will die, 373, 9. t'o kel e ci, we ivill die, 368, 12. tsi-, tci-, in the fire. tsi de 7m la, he threw in the fire, 304, 9. 468 Anthropological Papers American Museum of. Natural History. [Vol. X, tci yit da gin la, he threw them in the fire, 313, 16. tcl ne dut dut tetc, she tried to throw herself into the fire (?), 327, 3. ka-, for, with verbs meaning to go after, to get. ka ye dj e j, look for, 358, 4. ka wo di, he called for them, 303, 12. ka wo t'a ze, we two will go to him, 309, 16. ka wo t'a ci, we will go to, 328, 13. ka nai ya, go for, 308, 12. ka na des ya Yq, after he is gone for, 364, 9. ka cii det di, he hunted for, 330, 5. ka des ya, he started for, 317, 10. ka do dji, let him go for, 308, 13. ka ga des € atc, they two went after, 384, 16. ka de ca, I will go after him, 303, 4. (Fig. 12.) ke-, used of approaching a body of water, river or lake, or an open place in the timber, ke na ya di del, they came down (to a river), 385, 13. ke na de tun na, road came to the water again, 301, 6. ke na di date da', he came out to (a glade), 331, 3. ke nl ya, he came down to the river, 310, 15. ke Tut din e atc, they two came to the river, 309, 17. (Fig. 152.) ke di ya, he came to (lake), 377, 13. ke din ya, he came to (river), 331, 5. ke do na date, they had been going, 333, 3. ke tcin na Yes dai lo, he crossed, 301, 7. ke te'e dm del, they came down to, 388, 2. ke-, kj-, up, used of climbing a tree or hill. ke na gl date, he kept climbing up, 303, 9. (Fig. 16.) ke y I get, he climbed, 342, 13. kj e Yin del, they climbed, 381, 3. ku-, kwe-, in, into; used of entering a house or other enclosure, ku e nai ya, come in, 326, 10. ku e Yin del, they go in, 326, 6. ku € [ ya, he was out of sight, 361, 17. ku in ya, he came in, 322, 8. kii ye Yin e atc, they two went in, 326, 10. ku yin da, go in, 322, 3. kii we win si, we will go in, 384, 7. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 469 ku won ya € , you go in, 326, 6. ku Yai ya, he went in, 367, 11. ku 7a ts'ut, /6?// in, 341, 15. ku tc'e 7m del, they went in, 386, 3. ku ke ye gin la e , they put them in, 381, 12. kwe ya, she goes in, 391, 8. kwe yatc, he goes in, 355, 8. kwe wo ya € , go in, 329, 2. kwe na dja, he came in, 386, 16. kwl ya, she goes in, 391, 11. k'e-, used with stems meaning to cut and to pull making the verbs mean to sever. k'e yin yic, he broke it, 370, 10. k'e yin ni yltc, he broke them, 313, 16. k'e ne too, I broke, 396, 1 1 . k'e ni yic, break it, 370, 10. k'e ni fats, he cut off, 302, 13. (Fig. 7.) k'et da yitc, he broke, 368, 3. k'e ni xtil, he broke with a blow, 327, 17. OBJECTIVE PREFIXES. The object in the form of a pronoun stands at or near the beginning of the verb. For the first person singular ca-, ce-, ci-, se-, sti-, and the second person singular na-, ne- are found. xa ca le, do that to me, 348, 9. a ce ne le 1 , do something to me, 320, 11. a cin la € e e, he did it to me, 362, 8. sez ze xai, he killed me, 325, 1 . sun 7m € ak, fooled me, 308, 19. a xain la, he gave us, 305, 17. a xa dja zu. xel, they will kill us, 391, 2. na gus % I saw you, 307, 16. (Fig. 128.) ne tc'et dl, they say of you, 319, 2. at duk gat, he shook himself, 311, 12. ya-, ye-, yi-, yd-, the demonstrative used as a direct or indirect object, ya on la € , she made for him, 315, 15. ya yi € o, he gave him, 312, 2. ya nil letc, she brought for him, 311, 9. ya ni tciit, they gave him food, 358, 10. 470 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, ye na des ya, he went home with him, 339, 1. ye ne eg, she reared it, 369, 17. ye ne djit, he was afraid of, 344, 1. ye' ni e ak', she fooled him, 333, 15. ye ze' xai, he killed it, 322, 13. yes got, he stabbed him 370, 10. ye te'e le, he left it, 352, 3. yln tcut, he caught them, 306, 11; 339, 16, 18. yl di € a', he minded him, 329, 16. yo' nai ya, he came up to him, 363, 20. yo ni e dja, he watched him, 308, 10. yu ni € ets, he kicked him, 308, 1. The objective prefixes appear clearly in the following lists, ni ya di tj, he took him. ni cat di tj, he took me. ni nai di tj, he took you. ni a xat di In la, he took us. ni na gut di \ la, he took you (plu.). ni gii yat di la, he took them. ml ne jit', I am afraid of him. cl ni djit', he is afraid of me. ni ni jit', I am afraid of you. DEICTIC PREFIX. tc'a-, te'e-, tc'-, seems to be used of an indefinite or unnamed subject, tc'a' j, someone saw, 318, 10. tc'a € ol da e , if a boat passed, 345, 10. tc'ayal, he walked, 332, 11. tc'a 7i*n wq, they killed, 378, 16. tc'a dail, they were moving, 375, 2. a tc'et di, they said, 333, 5. te'e € j € , they saw them, 354, 6. te'e des bak, they went to war, 386, 1. te'e des del, they started, 346, 15. na tc'I vie, they felt him, 345, 13. FIRST MODAL PREFIXES. ze-, z-, the verb to kill, stem -xai, always has z- following the deictic ye-, ye ze xai, he killed him, 308, 2. (Fig. 142.) 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 471 ze* xai I la, killed, 318, 4. tc'e ze' xai, he killed, 332, 16. tse zu xai le, we will kill him, 319, 2. de-, di, du-, apparently refers to the initiation of an act; with a following s it gives the concept of progression, de 1'e, he ran, 372, 10. de zut, I was hunting, 393, 1. des 6 atc, they two started, 327, 5. des ya, I started, 359, 2. des la, he started away with, 369, 5. des so, it ran after, 395, 9. des 7am, was carrying, 337, 7. des bat, (also des bak'), went to war, 388, 1. des tg, she carried, 357, 13. des ts'I, they ivere sitting, 363, 16. de xus, fled, 397, 3. de but', was hungry, 336, 9. di e ts'I 6 , they were sitting, 384, 6. di e kj, I paddled, 355, 10. di ya, are you going? 337, 8. din ya, you go, 333, 6. din die, you run, 307, 17. din ts'uk' et de 6 , if you hear, 375, 5. din Yai, you carry, 372, 11. dis da', I was moving, 349, 16. di ts'uk, he heard, 370, 11; 342, 11. du je ci, / will go, 342, 3. dii jit e c[\ I will hunt, 324, 9. du cai, J will go, 346, 5; 338, 1. due xain, I will carry, 372, 1. dii djl 6 , let him go, 309, 6; 307, 12. dut lute, who carries arrows, 313, 14. da-, in a position before the second modal prefixes and following adverbial and objective prefixes. The meaning seems to be from, off, agreeing with di-, on p. 477. ca da Yiit tcit, let go of me, 388, 17. Cf. ca 1 tcfit, take hold of me, 388, 16. xa da was sll, they run out, 316, 12. na da sa 6 a, stood, 337, 14. da yam t'ats djl, he cut off, 352, 2. 472 Anthropological Papers American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. X, SECOND MODAL PREFIXES. Most if not all Athapascan dialects have verb forms containing obscure elements which seem to refer to the relative progress of the act. Of these, two seem to have recognized force, -n- (when alone -ni-) marks the comple- tion of an act. It.is found with adverbial prefixes which may be interpreted as necessitating completed action, -y- seems to be employed of acts in progress. The third second modal -s-, is used of objects at rest, but also very regularly with certain prefixes and adverbial phrases such as de- and ye t'a. ni-, n-, of completed action, also with certain adverbial prefixes, ni ya, he came, 307, 8. (Fig. 120.) ni IV, came running, 303, 14. (Fig. 34.) k'e ni la, he placed on them, 317, 14. a yin la e ', he made him, 307, 2. (Fig. 109.) 1 yin tcut, he caught it, 306, 11. (Fig. 102.) 7a-, yi-, ytl-, of action progressing, and with certain adverbial prefixes, ku ya yin € atc, they (two) went in, 381, 8. yain te 16, he had slept, 303, 18. (Fig. 38.) yin li do la, when they were, 310, 17. (Fig. 174.) yin da, he sat, 323, 14. yin del, they flew off, 310, 12. (Fig. 177.) yin t[, lay, 374, 13. a ytil le\ they tried, 303, 13. (Fig. 33.) a ytlt da, they will live, 303, 5. (Fig. 14.) na ytlt 1'a, he ran, 387, 5. ytlt Tel, was running along, 332, 9. naytlt dat da', when he comes back, 305, 19. (Fig. 189.) ytlt tint, he was carrying, 364, 14. s-, used of actions which are persistent such as remaining in position. It also occurs with certain prefixes and adverbs, se € 6, lay there, 317, 4. se liit', were caught, 369, 6. se got, he stabbed, 387, 9. stll la, were lying, 356, 13. sut da', (he) sits, 302, 18. (Fig. 8.) silt tl, lay, 308, 17. 1 There is some doubt whether the n in the two last verbs listed is second modal or whether a third modal n is present. Cf. Hupa, Bui. 40, p. 120. 1917.] Goddard, Beaver Dialect. 473 ut des e atc, then people after they two went. 302, 14. lis d e tc n u nn a dji ne gu (?) 1 Fig. 2. us detc nun na dji ne gu tc'iH 7m yal, my sister your relatives go to 302, 15. a Fig. 3. t ai t a tai ti da sut tcek' 1 da suttc e all they started to cry. 302, 16. k' a d u ya w ti td ai c e k u 7 u td I y e Fig. 4. a du ya wut dai ce ku 7 ut di ye, not we are going to live they- thought. 302, 16. n o d u 776 d i e u y e n aYti td le d e Fig. 5. no dU7 ye di e u ye na 7 ut di e de, your brother what is his name if he is staying there? 302, 18. in 1 a t'l a s t' Ik a 1 a k u d I Fig. 6. in la t'l ast'ikala kudi", one place I will be he thought. 303,3. 518 cs a OQ c3 p CD o +3 M _. X 03 o3 +3 SO o3 Pi _, IO 03 T3 '-5 o3 O d -3 o pi o "£. bJD d — < CD 73 M M T3 a PI d 0) 1? M >» d a bjb s > 03 ■ l — > T3 o3 o >» o3 PI a? IO >> 03 W J 6D 519 atdul la t'la y A td a « a li Fig. 14. at du I la t'i a 7 ut da £ a li', not one they alive he made. 303, 5. 7 a 1 i n utdu n a wo d I g a Fig. 15. 7al in ut du na w5 di ga, then not it was daylight again. 303, 8. yi k alkak enagi date Fig. 16. yi kal ka ke na gi date, for daylight he kept climbing up. 303, 9. yi d e'ye d ai i s Y u I Fig. 17. yi de' ye dai is l'u i, behind the snare he had set. 303, 10. m u kk'utd a 1 I d I i he Fig. 18. muk k'ut da li di i he', because he would be burned. 303, 12. a t ai yi t u td a n a wo d uc c I . Fig. 19. a tai yi 7Ut da na wo due ci", all animals let come. 303, 12. 520 o3 fl be d © 'd d o a o id 1 CO +3 1? fl *S N s o © l^-( o s ,d 3 be w d © w 2 o eS cS £ £ a 43 S "* 'w CD ©> "d 1 sj d o © llH .2 •on lb © £ © 03 © 5 X, © •be +3 © +3 ■+3 t <3 43 K © d © J2 b0 d © £ 43 43 1—1 bC CO a o © CO ea S-i +3 6 w s 43 +3 d © d £ -d © © 521 a t ai n wo n I Fig. 26. a tai ni w5 nl sut, all rushed up. 303, 13. d a ml 1 e (?) y e d I la Fig. 27. da mi le e ni na ye di la', his snare he took back. 303, 15. k'a dju yask' e m ea Fig. 28. k'a dju. yas k'e me a wo dja w o dja * again winter happened to him. 303, 17. int'I zoduemutts ea tc' u, n I 1 u c Fig. 29. in t'i z5 du e mut tse a tc'u. ni liic, suddenly along there sleigh someone- had drawn. 303, 18. dju zo e djudzene t I y a 1 o Fig. 30. dju zo* dju dze ne ti ya 1q, here only that day he had gone along. 303, 19. m ut Plse'.IzS (?) e s d a Fig. 31. mut l'i se* i zo es da, its grease only I eat. 304, 2. 522 — < £ ■6C OS re W £ si •=£ £ -3 5 X j £ ■M o3 £ BO •■=13 bo 5 3*2 4= CO c- cs o ?- CO lO • •JU +3 © bfl O ^.g 49 . e3 O © co d . © >> bD © T3 <3 CO © 03 fl T3 03 f= 5! o '5 50 TJ b0 5 bO bo 523 -I 0) t3 CD PJ a c3 lO lO • r-s ^ T3 pj 24 ® CD £-co CO * © 3 . o t>C CO Pi 13 • oo o a * CO <3 bib o T3 © fl © CO o •I) S 6 fl © •d -o ^4 3 en CD . Ir< 73 O s <2 © £ i-rt o V » •fH W •bC -be 3 co d • © bfi [> *«- © ifl o IO CO ^ 6 jg m » .g . w .SP © iO fa © a I I bO © bi "2 o d © r>> ,-. IO IO © £ IO © I 526 •60 •ac a o l~ I. -3 + lO C prt S3 00 L? 4^ 60 1-1 -* 527 g Pi" o — •- K c •bfi 5 1 ■d C «d C 3 > CO N r-i •O 5= -1 03 '-5 5lC 43 .5f S c IrH £ o cS o PS _ d d N ■~ t>. +3 c3 to 2. ts s 03 528 g a 1 I n ya tc' \ y e k'e 7 a y a 1 Fig. 75. 7a lin ya tc'i* ye k'e 7a yal, then toward the sky after it he went. 305, 2. xu td ut d i di g 1 won 1 \ k u d 1 Fig. 76. xut dut di di gi won li kii di, this place world it is he thought. 305, 5. yali 1' u ina 1 o y a * o 1 a * Fig. 77. 7a li 1'iil na 1q ya *o la € , then lines many for him she made. 305, 7. g w a e yi y Fig. 78. gwa e she made. 305, 8. yi yu e d a ga y a a w o dl e da ga ya £ a wo die, then under it for him (a hole) 1 e didigek a nig et Fig. 79. iedi di ge ka ni get, there ground she poked a hole through. 305,8. a z is n atctitdi t' a(?) yi n t j Fig. 80. a zis na tctit di t'a yin ti, skin rawhide she put him in. 305, 9. 529 •a a * I '-' CO <3 c3 S o c3 * -5 a "a T3 ^ 3 >o CO fl eS . a X += >» d r^ O m O -Q 1-1 © . ft ce m g £ £ -rt CO CO "3 m d IO oS d IO OS a 2 <3 es ^ CO 03 IS -of) CO C - rt d o3 rH W ■bfl rt .SP-2 fe +^ a cu £ <3 .a <3 > lO 10 d cm o rH CO M s a 03 ,3 X5 CO IS IO d o c3 ■« . a. CO CD s a • CD o3 £1 ro CD C3 - 60 £ oc rH CO B| . o 03 O 535 bo O <3 V o3 » '3 l-H X a a 03 u N be -C ^ IO o? S <3 a CO id o CM ft & (a m 'S ■^ >» co C So* ^ o X o "* cc X! T-t +3 M £} be s 3 o X! o 1© . o CO CO +? . oo 6C 2 •« CO c fr ts 6 M T3 03 g <3 (N O CO M &H H <3 > o br o3 ea C S o £ a> M 537 n o d u z I Fig. 137. n5 du zi a tai a t ai y e tc'ow ode ss u t ye tc'o w5 des sut, snakes all rushed on him. 307, 8. at ai yut ts un e I n tc u tc Fig. 138. a tai yut ts'un na in tcut, all his legs caught. 307, 9. tc' u 1 I 1' a Fig. 139. tc'ul i I'a dai and forth. 307, 13. d ai I hw o i hw5 e at 1'etc, cutbank a t 1' e tc on the bank he runs back- y I d ai ma t unn edjl n I y in 1' a Fig. 140. yl dai ma tun ne dji* ni 7m I'a, ahead his road you run. 307, 19. utduyunl e e ts n Fig. 141. ut du yu ni e ets na yi yet dut tl ga, him down. 308, 1. ayldfit tga not he kicked him he threw- I ts e me ts' Fig. 142. I tse me ts'i u a ye ze xai, 1 ua y e z e x ai below his wife killed him. 308, 2. 538 ~- CI o o >> CD CD >> „ CD I "O s CD [§ +-' 13 O CO cc 00 . "* "2 th si be 1? .SP o fa -^ o -d ce >> B3 >> OQ CO "0 CD T3 1 «d 6 CO in o a CO CD lO "* o 0) bo T3 539 03 si 43 IO 03- > > oS 10 43 >» CO ^ ©" IO i-H -H CO a id T) 73 * 9 c3 73 +3 Pj O CD 4= £ % 73 += CD O CO a o cs 73 J3 +3 CO 03 Td CO 03 CD >> li-H T3 -0 f3 cu 03 •> O o +^ ■+-> 43 K ■* % «o o CO g o ^ s GO CO iS ,d o CD CQ fl 0> & 540 g u s 5 nd tit ts ' lu Fig. 158. kidl gu son it was she killed. 308, 3. a e ali7izex ai 1 q * dut tc'i u a a li 71 ze xai 1q, she thought her husband (?) m e e a gilni du t d 1 y Fig. 159. me' a zil ni dut di ya, stone he took for himself. 308, 4. d u nn e « e ' tc u n o y o Fig. 160. dun ne e e tcun o wo y5. person's odor he smells. 308, 10. 7 a 1 in £ a Fig. 161. 7a lin a tai t ai y a 7U td e x u ya 7iit ye xul, then all he clubbed. 308,11. t a dlyeYe 1'ok'e nadeya Fig. 162. ta di ye 7e l'o k'e na de ya, three over there in the prairie stood. 309, 17. t a yin d e dj u t Fig. 163. ta yin de djut *a won dla £ * a w o n dla « them to run out he caused. 309, 18. 541 o Li ^ IO <■> M IO lO N N IO " IO & «5 -d ,H o £ M w 1-1 «>§ o &< a -o ■* M IO > S fl 53 e8 '5 c3 •OJD •bC O 03 10 fi cS ■6B- ft 542 a t ait e ye g I yin k a n a t a Fig. 170. a tai te ?e gi yin ka na ta, all in the water they looked for. 310, atai g I w a ni get Fig. 171. ai tai glwanlget, all they stabbed him. 310,11. e d uwe tc ' i ' gwa yl d ai die s y a Fig. 172. e du we tc'e' gwa 6 yi dai di es ya, from there then forward he started. 310, 14. ai 1 a mut tcidle l ' e u 1 1 I 1 o Fig. 173. ai la mut tcil le I' e ul II 15, that one his younger brother it was. 310,16. eske yinlldolani I117 yut d e £ I Fig. 174. es ke Tin 11 do la ni Iut 7Ut ye £ I, young men when they were they saw each- other. 310, 17. i 1 a ilo du7yai € I y inli 1 o Fig. 175. I la IloduYYall 7in lin 15, then brothers of each other they were. 310,18. 543 o © ,ri © •bfi -P © 10 ^ £ £ IO £ c oe ■" ' #— T3 -0 09 t/2 iri -d '^ CO t> tH T3 M s

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