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"AS YOU WERE" 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF THE 
 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 
 FORMERLY 
 
 HARDWARE AND METALS DIVISION 
 
 OF THE 
 PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC 
 
 DIVISION 
 
 GENERAL STAFF 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 ttbe iknicfcerboclier press 
 
 NEW YORK 
 1919 
 
11510 
 
 .75 
 
 ■'• 033 
 
 
 
Woodrow Wilson 
 
This Volume is Inscribed with Esteem and Affection to Our Chief 
 WILLIAM A. GRAHAM 
 
 WHO WITH THE KINDLY SIMPLICITY OF THE LARGER VISION, CONSTANTLY 
 INSPIRED US WITH THE REMINDER THAT WE WERE THE ESSENTIAL WORKING- 
 PARTS OF A GREAT AND POWERFUL MACHINE, THE THOUGHT WHICH KIPLING 
 HAS COUCHED IN THE WORDS 
 
 " It ain't the guns nor armament 
 
 Nor funds that they can pay, 
 But the close co-operation 
 
 That makes them win the day. 
 It ain't the individual 
 
 Nor the Army as a whole, 
 But the everlastiri 1 team-work 
 
 Of every bloomin' soul." 
 
 r -- 
 
The Secretary of War and General Pershing ' ' Somewhere in France " 
 
EDITORIAL STAFF 
 
 Lieut. John K. Bangs, Jr., Editor-in-Chief 
 
 Miss Anne Sullivan, Assistant Editor-in-Chief 
 
 Lieut. Gerald J. Dunphy, ) „ . , _ 
 
 . n _, > Business Managers 
 
 Mr. A. S. Rogers, \ & 
 
 DEPARTMENT EDITORS 
 
 Mr. 0. A. Lanchantin ) Editors on Photographs 
 
 Miss Laura E. Ferguson ) 
 
 Mr. James Wilson, 3d Editor on Personnel Data 
 
 Capt. Carl W. Bliss Alumni Editor 
 
 Mr. Charles W. Arpe ) EdUors on Sodal Evmts 
 
 Miss Tonette Benson ) 
 
 Mr. D. W. Jasper Art Editor 
 
 GENERAL COMMITTEE 
 
 Mr. John W. Adams 
 Mr. H. K. Ambler 
 Miss Mary Beisser 
 Mr. Eugene M. Brewster 
 Miss Ruth Cleaver 
 Capt. J. E. Diemer 
 Mr. M. A. Dunning 
 Mr. G. Gunderson 
 Mrs. W. E. Heywood 
 Lieut. Col. H. P. Hill 
 Miss Helen D. Hitch • 
 
 Miss Sallie H. Hurd 
 Mr. A. F. Kaiser 
 Lieut. L. H. Kingstone 
 Capt. H. E. Loomis 
 Mr. Thomas B. McKaig 
 Mr. E. R. Nightingale 
 Capt. T. W. S. Phillips 
 Mr. William E. Pritchett 
 Ma j. George H. Richards 
 Capt. F. G. Rosin 
 Mr. S. C. Witherspoon 
 
 Miss Agnes R. Wood 
 
THE ARMY 
 
 Commander in Chief Woodrow Wilson 
 
 Secretary of War v Newton D. Baker 
 
 Assistant Secretary of War Benedict Crowell 
 
 Second Assistant Secretary of War John D. Ryan 
 
 Third Assistant Secretary of War Frederick P. Keppel 
 
 Spec. Rep. War Dept. France Edward R. Stettinius 
 
 Chief of Staff Gen. Peyton C. March 
 
 Assistant Chiefs of Staff — 
 
 Executive Assistant to Chief of Staff 
 
 Maj. Gen. Frank McIntyre, G.S. 
 Director Military Intelligence 
 
 Brig. Gen. Marlborough Churchill, G.S. 
 Director War Plans Division, 
 
 Brig. Gen. Lytle Brown, G.S. 
 Director of Operations 
 
 Brig. Gen. Henry Jervey, G.S. 
 Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic 
 
 Maj. Gen. George W. Gqethals, G.S. 
 
 Adjutant General' s Department Maj. Gen. Peter C. Harris 
 
 Inspector General' s Department Maj. Gen. J. L. Chamberlain, I.G. 
 
 Judge Advocate General's Department Maj. Gen. E. H. Crowder 
 
 Corps of Engineers Maj. Gen. W. M. Black, C.E. 
 
 Ordnance Department Maj. Gen. C. C. Williams, CO. 
 
 Signal Corps Maj. Gen. G. O. Squier, C.S.O. 
 
 Field Artillery Maj. Gen. W. J. Snow, C.F.A. 
 
 Coast Artillery Corps Maj. Gen. F. W. Coe, CCA. 
 
 Director Div. Mil. Aeronautics Maj. Gen. Wm. L. Kenly 
 
 Acting Director Aircraft Production Wm. C Potter 
 
 Director Chem. Warfare Service Maj. Gen. Wm. L. Sibert 
 
 Director of Tank Corps Col. I. C Welborn 
 
 Quartermaster Corps Brig. Gen. R. E. Wood, Act. Q. M. G. 
 
 Surgeon General's Department Maj. Gen. M. W. Ireland 
 
 Chief of Insular Affairs Brig. Gen. C C Walcott 
 
 Director Militia Bureau Brig. Gen. John W. Heavey 
 
History of 
 The General Supplies Division 
 
 THE PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC 
 DIVISION OF THE GENERAL STAFF 
 
 From the time that the war started in April, 19 17, until 
 January, 191 8, the requirements of the United States Army 
 expanded to a tremendous volume. During this period the 
 bureaucratic system of procuring, warehousing, and transport- 
 ing of materials was in vogue, that is, each department of 
 the Government operated independently. With the increased 
 bulk of business, this system proved to be inadequate for many 
 reasons. 
 
 In December, 19 17, Major General George W. Goethals was 
 made Acting Quartermaster-General of the Army. In January, 
 191 8, he was instructed to organize a system for the handling 
 of supplies, and this eventually became the Purchase, Storage, 
 and Traffic Division. As in all big projects, progress in order 
 to avoid confusion had to be made slowly. It was not until 
 about November 1, 1918, therefore, that General Goethals' 
 system was fully functioning. 
 
 The purpose of the Division was to have a central depart- 
 ment with complete supervision of the vast requirements of 
 an army at war. This system consolidated under one head : (1) 
 
2 "As You Were" 
 
 all purchases of standard articles; (2) storage of purchased 
 materials ; and (3) all transporting of men and materials to the 
 port of debarkation in France. 
 
 Under the new system the procurement of commercial 
 articles, such as were used in common by all branches of the 
 Army, was under the direct charge of one bureau ; the storage 
 depots were consolidated so that there was now but one hard- 
 ware store, one clothing store, etc., in each section, and this 
 resulted in the avoiding of duplicate stocks; the consolidation 
 of traffic effected large shipments instead of the former small 
 ones which had used up, at a time when it was essential to 
 conserve it, much needed space. 
 
 The plan of the new consolidation is best illustrated by 
 Mr. Robert J. Thome's speech delivered at Baltimore on 
 October 25, 191 8, a condensed version of which follows: 
 
 There are two classes of army supplies — first, highly technical sup- 
 plies, such as ordnance ammunition, aircraft, etc.; second, all standard 
 commercial articles satisfactory for military use. Highly technical sup- 
 plies are still purchased by the bureau which is to use the same, but all 
 other supplies are purchased by the Division of Purchase, Storage, and 
 Traffic. 
 
 The Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division is divided into five 
 groups : 
 
 (1) The Administration Group, the clearing house for all papers. 
 
 (2) The Embarkation Service, in charge of Brigadier-General F. T. 
 Hines, Chief of Embarkation. The function of this Department is to 
 handle the allocation of tonnage to the respective ports, the movement 
 of troops on board ships, etc. 
 
 (3) The Inland Traffic Branch, in charge of Mr. H. M. Adams. 
 This Branch has charge of the movement of all freight in the United States. 
 
 (4) The Division of Finance and Accounting, in charge of Brigadier- 
 General H. M. Lord. This Division handles the pay roll for the Army, 
 and all finance and accounting work for the Quartermaster Corps; also, 
 it has control of the moneys expended for supplies purchased by the 
 Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division. 
 
 (5) The Division of Purchase and Storage, until February, 191 9, 
 

 
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The Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division 3 
 
 in charge of Brigadier- General Robert E. Wood, who at the same time 
 held the office of Acting Quartermaster-General. As the General Sup- 
 plies Division is under the jurisdiction of this department, a more detailed 
 explanation of its functions will be of interest. 
 
 This Division has charge of the supplies for the requirements of the 
 troops. To accomplish this enormous task, the Purchase and Storage 
 Division is divided into four main parts, as follows : 
 
 (a) The Administration Section, at the time of the signing of the 
 armistice in charge of Lieut. -Col. B. L. Jacobson as executive officer. 
 This office tabulates the consolidated statistical reports which cover 
 all stocks and supplies wherever located, and also prepares charts and 
 keeps full records for the entire department of the exact location, either 
 in this country or in France, of every article not yet issued to the troops. 
 
 The Surplus Stock Section as a part of the Administration Section sells 
 supplies of which there is an overstock. This particular section has been 
 especially active since the signing of the armistice. 
 
 (b) The second main subdivision in the Purchase and Storage 
 Division is the Requirements Section, in charge of Major J. R. Orton. 
 This Section issues all purchase authorizations, as well as furnishes 
 monthly schedules of all articles required, on which the procuring officers 
 are able to base deliveries. 
 
 (c) The third main subdivision is the organization of the Director 
 of Purchase, which is in charge of Brigadier-General William H. Rose 
 as Director of Purchase. The General Supplies Division, which is 
 directly under the supervision of General Rose, is in a position to appreci- 
 ate the wonderful work accomplished by this officer who has made the 
 largest purchasing program in the history of the world a success. 
 
 The organization of the Director of Purchase is divided into eight 
 main groups, as follows: 
 
 (1) Clothing and Equipage 
 
 (2) Subsistence, including Forage 
 
 (3) Motors and Vehicles 
 
 (4) Machinery and Engineering Materials 
 
 (5) Raw Materials, which consist of Fuels, Oils, Chemicals, Ferrous 
 
 and Non-Ferrous Metals 
 
 (6) Medical and Hospital Supplies 
 
 (7) General Supplies, such as Hardware and Tools, Kitchen Equip- 
 
 ment, Office Equipment, Containers, Hemp and Jute Pro- 
 ducts 
 
 (8) Remount, which includes Horses and Mules 
 
4 "As You Were" 
 
 Each of these eight divisions has complete charge of the procurement 
 of the articles specified. 
 
 (d) The fourth main group of the Purchase and Storage Division 
 is the Office of the Director of Storage, in charge of Colonel F. B. Wells. 
 This Division has charge of the operation and control of the storage of 
 all War Department supplies of the United States ; it also has charge of 
 the distribution of supplies, in order that a sufficient stock may be main- 
 tained at locations to permit of an adequate supply to the troops. Al- 
 tered conditions since that time have effected many changes in the per- 
 sonnel, but the Division still operates in general along the lines as stated. 
 
 The Salvage Division is under the direction of the Director of Storage. 
 This Division operates all laundries and dry-cleaning establishments, as 
 well as repair depots for clothes, shoes, harness, etc. 
 
 The above gives a general outline of the Purchase, Storage, and Traffic 
 Division at the time of the signing of the armistice. 
 
Major General George W. Goethals 
 
 Assistant Chief of Staff, Director of Purchase, 
 Storage and Traffic 
 
 Brig. General R. E. Wood 
 
 Director of Purchase and Storage and 
 Acting Quartermaster General 
 
 Mr. Robert J. Thorne. 
 
 Asst. Director of Purchase and Storage 
 
 Brig. General W. H. Rose 
 
 Director of Purchase 
 
Murray Sargent 
 
THE HARDWARE AND HAND TOOL SECTION 
 OF THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD 
 
 ITS EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND CONNECTION WITH THE 
 HARDWARE AND METALS DIVISION 
 
 {Later the General Supplies Division) 
 BY MURRAY SARGENT 
 
 Chairman, Hardware and Hand Tool Section, War Industries Board 
 
 About March 15, 1918, Mr. William A. Graham who had 
 been appointed by Major General Goethals, U. S. A., Acting 
 Quartermaster-General of the Army to organize the Hardware 
 and Metals Branch, received a large number of requisitions for 
 a considerable quantity of material required for overseas by 
 General Pershing's forces. Owing to some delays the shipping 
 dates on many of them had in part already gone by at the time 
 the orders were received by Mr. Graham's department. 
 
 In view of this fact, and the evident urgency of the over- 
 seas requirements, as well as the limited facilities for handling 
 the large volume of detailed work involved in the Hardware 
 and Metals Branch because of its very recent creation as a 
 department of the Quartermaster Corps in Washington, 
 Mr. Graham decided to consult with the War Service Com- 
 mittee of the Hardware Manufacturers' Organization for War 
 Service, which happened to be in session in New York at the 
 time. 
 
 After a hurried long distance telephone conversation it 
 was arranged that four members of the Organization who had 
 
 5 
 
6 "As You Were" 
 
 been active in its formation, Messrs. Charles W. Asbury, A. W. 
 Stanley, F. R. Plumb, and Murray Sargent, should go at once 
 to Washington to confer with Mr. Graham. The same even- 
 ing at the conference, which was continued over until the 
 next morning, the four referred to met Mr. Graham, Major 
 Devereaux, and Major Shaw, to discuss what steps should be 
 taken to secure the material required. 
 
 Mr. Graham made it clear that under the exigencies of the 
 situation he had decided to call upon the four men to assist 
 him as individuals only, and not in the capacity of officers or 
 representatives of the Hardware Organization. He further 
 explained that he had summoned the four men in question to 
 advise and assist him because of their familiarity, through their 
 connection with the Hardware Organization for War Service, 
 with conditions in the hardware manufacturing field. 
 
 After a careful study by the conferees of the requirements 
 as they had already come in to Mr. Graham's department, it 
 was the unanimous sentiment that the quantities required 
 taken in connection with the delivery dates specified would 
 prove a strain on a number of the industries. Mr. Graham 
 explained that he had reason to believe that a large volume 
 of other additional items would come in on requisitions in the 
 very near future, and in fact that daily returns could be 
 expected for some time to come. This served to emphasize 
 the need for immediate action. 
 
 An examination of each requisition disclosed, in addition 
 to the large quantities, that the sorting of the sizes and types 
 of each class of material (known in army parlance as the 
 "tariff") did not conform to trade practice which, of course, is 
 drawn from actual demands based on the needs of consumers. 
 Because of the extraordinary urgency of conditions existing at 
 the time these orders were made up it had been impossible to 
 give due consideration to determining correct tariffs of sizes 
 and styles. In the unprecedented quantities appearing on the 
 
M 
 
 [fe gaaaej 
 
 Imp—I 
 
William A. Graham was born October 13, 1859, in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 His father, John H. Graham, was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious ser- 
 vice in the Civil War, and his grandfather, Samuel Graham, was brevetted Brigadier- 
 General in the same war. 
 
 1874 — Graduated, Public School, Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 1879 — Graduated, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, and, for 
 two years, served on U. S. S. Marion, first on North Atlantic Station, later on South 
 Atlantic Station. 
 
 1 88 1 — -Resigned from United States Navy and entered the hardware business. 
 
 1884 — Became a member of the firm of John H. Graham & Co. and since then has 
 been closely identified with both manufacturing and selling. 
 
 1895 — Became senior partner in John H. Graham & Co. In addition to his associ- 
 ation with this firm, he also for a period served as president of New Departure Mfg. Co., 
 Bristol, Conn., vice-president of Wallingford Mfg. Co., Wallingford, Vt., and vice-presi- 
 dent of East Brooklyn Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 19 1 6— Organized the Hardware, Metals & Allied Trades Division, and served as its 
 marshal in the Citizens Preparedness Parade, New York City, May 13, 1916, in which 
 145,000 persons passed the reviewing stand. 
 
 19 1 7 — In the recruiting campaign which raised 10,000 men for the New York Na- 
 tional Guard, Wm. A. Graham, in recognition of his efficient service, was elected chair- 
 man of the Executive Committee of the Hardware, Metals and Allied Trades. This 
 organization became permanent and through its Executive Committee, the Hardware, 
 Metals and Allied Trades has carried on most effective work in all campaigns of the war 
 service. 
 
 Appointed by Benjamin Strong, Governor of the Second Federal District Re- 
 serve Bank in New York, to take charge of the Second Liberty Loan of the Hardware, 
 Metals and Allied Trades, and with the above Executive Committee formed a selling 
 organization, which sold of the Second Liberty Loan $42,218,250.00, the highest amount 
 subscribed through any Trades Committee in the United States. 
 
 1918 — Maj. Genl. George W. Goethals, Acting Quartermaster-General of the Army 
 appointed William A. Graham Chief of the Branch which later became the Hardware and 
 Metals Division of the Quartermaster Corps. In October, under the consolidation of 
 purchases of all corps of the Army, the General Supplies Division was established, and 
 Mr. Graham was made its Chief. 
 
 19 19 — Resigned from active service in the War Department, on which occasion he 
 was presented with a letter by Major-General George W. Goethals, which read in part as 
 follows : — 
 
 "I want to personally express my appreciation of the able work that you un- 
 selfishly rendered in order that you might serve your country in time of need, and to 
 thank you for your valuable assistance. ' ' 
 
 The Alumni Association of the General Supplies Division elected Mr. Gra- 
 ham its Honorary President, presenting him with a Round Robin in testimony of the high 
 esteem which he had won from his co-workers. 
 
Hardware and Hand Tool Section 7 
 
 requisitions, a very serious loss would accrue to the Govern- 
 ment by the obtaining of a vast stock of material entirely 
 unsuited to the purposes for which ordered, and the manu- 
 facturers in turn would be greatly hampered in filling these and 
 other orders if their manufacturing facilities were tied up in 
 making large numbers of ordinarily slow moving items. 
 
 In view of the foregoing conclusions as to quantities and, 
 tariffs on the requisitions, it was determined that each one of 
 the four men should, as rapidly as it could be arranged, hold 
 meetings of the various industries in order to obtain prompt 
 and accurate information as to the capacities of the industries, 
 their ability to meet the required deliveries, and also to secure 
 their expert knowledge as to the tariff. 
 
 In cases where it seemed reasonably certain that deliveries 
 could be satisfactorily taken care of, it would not be necessary 
 to apportion among the manufacturers the amounts on which 
 each one should submit his bids. In these cases the usual 
 procedure in bidding would be followed. 
 
 Following this conference meetings were called with a large 
 number of industries to take action on the requirements, with 
 the result that within two to three weeks bids and revised 
 tariffs were forwarded to Washington on files, saws, twist 
 drills, axes, hammers and hatchets, shovels, wrenches of vari- 
 ous types, anvil tools, auger bits, chisels, and many other 
 
 items. 
 
 In the meantime the Hardware and Metals Branch of the 
 Quartermaster Corps had been growing rapidly and, gathering 
 impetus with its increasing size, was being driven along by the 
 intrepid spirit of its leader over the many difficulties which 
 lay in its path. The personnel was so increased both by 
 volunteers for short periods and by the addition of more per- 
 manent workers that it became possible to release from their 
 temporary service the four manufacturers who had been 
 brought in to act in the emergency. A retrospective view 
 
8 "As You Were" 
 
 seems to indicate that the results desired had been obtained 
 to an extent that might not have been possible in any other 
 way. It also seems clear that if it had not been for the closely 
 knit units of the Hardware Manufacturers' Organization for 
 War Service it would not have been possible to gather together 
 these industries with so much speed. It should be added that 
 all members of an industry whether members of the Organi- 
 zation or not were asked to do their part in submitting bids. 
 
 As the war progressed and the demands from the various 
 branches of the Army, the Navy, the Emergency Fleet, the 
 Railroad Administration, and other Government agencies 
 increased by leaps and bounds, it became increasingly evident 
 that closer coordination would be necessary to create the 
 desired results. The War Industries Board, an outgrowth of 
 the Council of National Defense, and of which Bernard M. 
 Baruch was chairman, was given by President Wilson through 
 his letter of March 4, 1918, the responsibility of regulating and 
 directing the output of the industries of the country as well 
 as the finding of new sources of supply. 
 
 As chief of the Small Tools Section, Mr. George E. Chatil- 
 lon had been in charge of questions which related to Hardware, 
 Tools, and kindred lines. When, however, he took over the 
 Optical Glass and Military Instruments Section it became 
 necessary for the Board to appoint another chairman of the 
 Small Tools Section. Mr. William A. Graham was urgently 
 requested to accept the position and finally agreed to be tem- 
 porary chief of the section in addition to his other duties as 
 chief of the Hardware and Metals Section, later Division. 
 
 In order to relieve Mr. Graham of details, the War Indus- 
 tries Board requested Mr. Sargent to go in temporarily as act- 
 ing chief of the Small Tools Section. This was in the middle 
 of April, the quarters of the section being then in the Council 
 of Defense Building. The next few weeks were occupied with 
 enlarging the section and denning more clearly its activities. 
 
Herbert P. Hill, born June 28, 1876, in Somerville, Massachusetts. 
 
 1890 — A graduate in Grammar School, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 1892 — A graduate in Worcester Academy, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 1894 — A graduate in Boston Latin School, Boston, Mass. 
 
 1895 — Enlisted as Seaman in Massachusetts Naval Brigade from which he was honor- 
 ably discharged the following year. 
 
 1904-1914 — Purchasing Agent for successive periods for A. & F. Brown Co., Eliza- 
 bethport, New Jersey; Rajah Spark Plug Co., Bloomfield, New Jersey, and Crucible Steel 
 Company of America, Harrison, New Jersey. 
 
 He enlisted as private in First Troop Cavalry (Essex Troop) National Guard, New 
 Jersey, on April 16, 19 13, in which he won promotion to Quartermaster Sergeant. 
 
 19 1 5 — In charge of purchasing for the building and equipment of the four million dol- 
 lar Ordnance Plant of the Crucible Steel Company of America, Harrison, New Jersey. 
 
 19 16 — Was honorably discharged April 15th, and re-enlisted April 17th. Com- 
 missioned Supply Sergeant October 1st, and served in action on the Mexican Border. 
 
 19 1 7 — Honorably discharged June 10th to accept commission as Captain in Officers 
 Reserve Corps, which commission became effective July 10th, and assigned to active 
 duty July 20th. Organized, and was placed in charge of, Purchase Branch at office of 
 the Depot Quartermaster, New York, N. Y. 
 
 For three months following in charge of purchasing of all clothing, equipage, fuel, 
 forage, paints and oils, and all miscellaneous supplies until taken over by the formation 
 of C & E Division, and Fuel and Forage Division. Following that, in charge of Pur- 
 chasing Branch of all miscellaneous supplies at the New York Depot until May, 1918. 
 
 1918 — In recognition of his successful work in the New York Depot he was ordered 
 to report to the office of the Quartermaster-General, Washington, D. C, where he was 
 successively promoted to the grades of Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel, becoming the 
 Assistant Chief of the Hardware and Metals Branch, which later became the General 
 Supplies Division. 
 
 1919 — "Our Colonel" became Acting Chief of General Supplies Division and was 
 elected to the Board of Governors of its Alumni Association. 
 
Lieut. Colonel H. P. Hill 
 
Hardware and Hand Tool Section 9 
 
 Its name was changed to Hardware and Small Tools Section. 
 The Hardware and Metals Division rendered practical assist- 
 ance not only in giving freely of the time of its personnel on 
 matters of urgency, but even in lending for a time several of the 
 members of its force. Mr. Graham attended a number of the 
 weekly meetings of section heads and took part in the discus- 
 sions. In addition to his position as chief of the section he was 
 the official Army representative. 
 
 By the middle of May, Major Seth Williams for the Marine 
 Corps, Paymaster M. A. Connor for the Navy, and Mr. H. F. 
 Grimes for the Emergency Fleet were appointed to member- 
 ship in the section. The first regular meeting of the section 
 was held on June ist. In addition to the members of the 
 section, Mr. H. L. Arnold, representing the Army, and Mr. 
 E. L. Crawford, Assistant Commissioner of Finished Products, 
 were present. 
 
 Among other decisions at the meeting the name was 
 changed again to the final form of Hardware and Hand Tool 
 Section. At the second meeting on June 13th in addition to 
 Messrs. Graham and Arnold, Mr. George W. Welles was 
 present for the Army. At that meeting it was decided to meet 
 every week, and from then until the signing of the armistice, 
 not a single break in the weekly meetings occurred, except for 
 the Fourth of July. 
 
 The first meeting was held in the Council of Defense Build- 
 ing. The second meeting and all thereafter were held in the 
 offices of the section in the War Industries Board Annex, to 
 which it moved about June 10th. 
 
 On July ist Mr. Graham withdrew as chief of the section 
 and Mr. Sargent became the permanent rather than the acting 
 chief. Following the idea of coordination in all Government 
 departments new members of the section were added until the 
 complete list became as follows : 
 
 Mr. William A. Graham, Chief, Hardware and Metals 
 
io "As You Were" 
 
 Division, Quartermaster Department, Munitions Building, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 *Mr. W. F. Fusting, Hardware and Metals Division, 
 Quartermaster Department, Munitions Building, Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 *Mr. G. E Warren, Assistant to Chief, Hardware and 
 Metals Division, Quartermaster Department, Munitions Build- 
 ing, Washington, D. C. 
 
 *Mr. George W. Welles, Hardware and Metals Division, 
 Quartermaster Department, Munitions Building, Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Paymaster M. A. Connor, Navy Department, Corner 
 17th and B Streets, Washington, D. C. 
 
 * Mr. F. H. Walsh, Construction and Repair Division, Navy 
 Department, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mr. H. F. Grimes, Emergency Fleet, 717 13th Street, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Major P. C. Archer, Marine Corps, 18th and New York 
 Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 * Major Seth Williams (in Overseas Service), Marine Corps, 
 1 8th and New York Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 * Captain Phillips B Robinson (deceased) , Marine Corps, 
 18th and New York Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mr. George G. Yeomans, Southern Railway Building, 
 Corner 13th and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mr. D. K. Boyd, Housing Corporation, 613 G St , N. W., 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 *Mr. James E. Schuyler, Housing Corporation, 613 G 
 Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Asterisk indicates associate members who represented 
 their departments and were present at several meetings. 
 
 As assistants to the Section Chief were the following, and 
 the dates on which they joined the War Industries Board 
 Organization are indicated : 
 
Hardware and Hand Tool Section n 
 
 Mr. L. J. Stoddard May 29, 1918 Gages, Twist Drills, 
 
 Pneumatic Tools, 
 Reaming and Mill- 
 ing Cutters, Chucks, 
 Scales and Balances, 
 Taps, Dies and 
 Screw Plates, Ar- 
 bors, Broaches, Col- 
 lets, Metal Counter- 
 sinks, Mandrels, and 
 Testing Machines. 
 
 Mr. T. F. Bailey June 6,1918 Mill Supplies and Mis- 
 
 cellaneous. 
 
 Mr. L. J. Wetherell July 22, 19 18 Textile Machinery, 
 
 Hack Saws, Sad- 
 dlers' Tools, Cutlery, 
 Sewing Machines, 
 Lawn Mowers, Shoe 
 Machinery, Needles, 
 Bobbins, Textile 
 Pins. 
 
 Mr. E. W. Lively July 13, 191 8 Precision Measuring 
 
 Tools, Woodworking 
 Tools, Conservation. 
 
 Mr. William Burgess Aug. 22, 191 8 Tableware Pottery, 
 
 Stoneware, Art Pot- 
 tery, Table Glass- 
 ware, Lamps and 
 Lanterns. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Bryar Nov. 7, 19 18 Plumbing and Heating 
 
 Supplies. 
 
i2 "As You Were" 
 
 Mr. A. L. Lincoln June 20, 191 8 Came into Section as a 
 
 specialist on Twist 
 Drills. Was forced 
 to retire from active 
 connection because 
 of ill health. 
 
 The attendance record at the weekly meetings is interesting 
 as showing that there were twenty-four meetings and that of 
 about fifty different men in attendance at one or more meetings 
 twenty-five were from the Army. 
 
 Meetings began June 1, 19 18 — no meeting recorded for 
 June 8th or July 4th. Total Number of Meetings — 24. 
 
 Mr. M. A. Connor 24 Mr. W. A. Graham 7 
 
 Mr. M. Sargent 22 Mr. Warren 5 
 
 Mr. G. Yeomans 19 Mr. Lincoln 5 
 
 Mr. Stoddard 18 Mr. Bryar 3 
 
 Mr. H. F. Grimes 17 Mr. Chandler 3 
 
 Mr. E. L. Crawford .... 17 Capt. Robinson 3 
 
 Mr. Lively 17 Mr. A. S. Rogers 3 
 
 Mr. Wetherell 14 Mr. Rennick 3 
 
 Mr. Bailey 12 Mr. Atterbury 2 
 
 Mr. W. F. Fusting 11 Mr. Zimmerman 2 
 
 Mr. Burgess 11 Mr. Taylor 2 
 
 Mr. Walsh 10 Mr. Arnold 2 
 
 Mr. G. W. Welles 10 Maj. Williams 2 
 
 Mr. D. K. Boyd 8 Mr. Heacock 2 
 
 Lieut. Davis 2 
 
 Messrs. Schuyler, Abdill, Humphrey, Goodman, Thatcher, 
 Williamson, Ebbert, Dunning, Peck, Coffin, Merrill, Moye, 
 Diemer, Mitchell, Morris, also Major Archer, Major Stokes, 
 Captain Standart, Captain Batcheller, and Major Hill attended 
 one meeting. 
 
Hardware and Hand Tool Section 13 
 
 The following extracts are quoted from a report sub- 
 mitted by the Section Chief dated December 14 191 8, just 
 prior to the close of the activities of the War Industries Board : 
 
 The only serious shortage which has occurred was in needles and in 
 some items of wood-handled tools. There continued to be difficulty in 
 obtaining these materials; but a careful survey of the Wood Products 
 Section showed that a proper distribution of the handles would very 
 much improve the situation, so far as the items dependent on wood 
 handles were concerned. 
 
 For the most part commodities in this Section are small units and are 
 closely allied to other commodities. This permits considerable flexibility 
 and has enabled the manufacturers, in cooperating with this Section, to 
 take steps to meet shortages almost as soon as they have occurred. In a 
 general way the difficulties of the Section have not been so much in 
 obtaining material for the Government Departments and the Allies as 
 in determining the relative importance of essential demands both for 
 indirect war work and important civilian work as compared with direct 
 Government and Allied work. With very few exceptions such as pneu- 
 matic tools the indirect war and essential demands far exceeded the direct 
 war demands. 
 
 One of the most difficult situations which confronted the Section in 
 the early stages was the confusion which existed in the Army Pur- 
 chasing Departments. Not only were there five separate Army Corps 
 purchasing hardware, but in some of the corps as many as four separate 
 and distinct departments were purchasing without any contact or con- 
 sideration for the others. It was, therefore, only where industries 
 voluntarily came to the Section for assistance or where purchasing 
 officers, due to a shortage or lack of knowledge, availed themselves of the 
 information in the Section that it was possible to keep in touch. 
 
 Gradual coordination of purchases in the Army was a great factor 
 in increasing the influence and opportunity for service of this Section to 
 the Army, but the most important step taken in the direction of cooper- 
 ation was the appointment from each Government Department actively 
 interested of an accredited representative to be a member of the Section. 
 Shortly after this took place, a meeting of the members of the Section 
 was held and it was determined to hold regularly a weekly meeting. 
 
H "As You Were" 
 
 Consistent with Mr. Baruch's policy, as interpreted by Mr. Peek and 
 Mr. Crawford, it was the effort of this Section — in working with the 
 Government Departments — to assist in guiding their activities, but in no 
 sense to direct. The Section, as a whole, was the directing force of the 
 purchasing policies in conformity with the established policies of each 
 Purchasing Department. The result of this method was a close co- 
 ordination on the part of all the members. The meetings were well 
 attended and free and frank discussion was encouraged, with the result 
 that a close understanding of the problems which each Department had 
 to meet was developed. 
 
 Mr. Baruch having frequently impressed upon all the members of 
 the War Industries Board organization the desirability of keeping the 
 personnel as numerically low as possible, it was the endeavor in the 
 Hardware and Hand Tool Section to keep in general touch with indus- 
 tries, but to avoid asking for detailed information which would mean the 
 loss of valuable time and effort on the part of the industries without giv- 
 ing information which seemed essential in the war program. As soon as 
 evidence of a serious shortage developed, detailed information was ob- 
 tained, but only after consultation with the industries in order to obtain 
 their expert advice and to reduce to a minimum the facts to be obtained. 
 The Hardware Manufacturers' Organization for War Service, which 
 embraced in its membership a large percentage of manufacturers, proved 
 of great assistance in obtaining important information and as a point of 
 contact between its organization and the Hardware Section. 
 
 When Purchasing Departments of the Government found it difficult 
 to obtain prompt deliveries and a shortage on a commodity seemed 
 imminent, the Section promptly placed on the clearance list the items 
 in question in order to keep in closer touch with the actual purchase pro- 
 grams of the Departments. It seemed desirable to limit the clearance list 
 as much as possible for the reason that considerable extra work was 
 required by the Purchasing Departments in clearing commodities, and 
 also because a large clearance list would be confusing and impossible for 
 this Section to properly digest. 
 
 A large number of the industries in this Section were protected in 
 obtaining their raw material by automatic priorities. For the most 
 part, the limit of production in these industries was labor. Material was 
 the controlling factor in the output of industries which were not granted 
 
Hardware and Hand Tool Section 15 
 
 automatic priorities; and especially was this the case in the fourteen 
 industries which were restricted in output by the Priorities Division. 
 These industries were restricted in the effort to conserve labor and 
 material for war needs. Just prior to the signing of the armistice, a 
 number of these industries had reached a rather serious situation in that 
 the restrictions placed on them as regards consumption of raw material 
 made it necessary for them to seek Government work at almost any price 
 which would enable them to get business and keep their plants running. 
 Even with Government work they found it difficult to obtain material 
 to make regular products, as the restrictions covered both civilian and 
 Government work. This section was able to relieve the situation, and 
 by cooperating closely with the Government Departments and with 
 the industries, was able to prevent serious disturbances in the industries. 
 
 The contact of the Section with the Army was constant, and questions 
 relating to deliveries, prices, conservation, source of supply, and in fact 
 all other matters which relate to the purchase and manufacture of goods, 
 were brought up for mutual discussion by representatives of the Army 
 and of the War Industries Board Section many times daily. 
 
 The advantages to be gained in the war program by an agency like 
 the War Industries Board which acted as a clearing house for the various 
 Purchasing Departments of the Government were clearly recognized 
 by those who were in a position to direct the policies of the Departments. 
 At first, many among the personnel in the Purchasing Departments did 
 not realize the importance of this close coordination. As the war pro- 
 gressed, however, the feeling changed materially so that by the time of 
 the signing of the armistice the general sentiment shown was one of 
 whole-hearted cooperation. 
 
 After the signing of the armistice it became evident that the War 
 Industries Board would not continue its activities except for a very brief 
 period. It was therefore determined that the last regular meeting should 
 be that of November 21st. After that date the same close touch between 
 the personnel of the General Supplies Division and the members of the 
 Hardware and Hand Tool Section of the War Industries Board continued 
 as heretofore. The last named, however, definitely brought their work 
 to a close before the middle of December. 
 
 Murray Sargent, 
 Chairman, Hardware and Hand Tool Section, War Industries Board. 
 
THE GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 
 (The following historical sketch of the General Supplies Division was compiled by Captain H. E. 
 Loomis from information furnished by the chiefs of the various branches of the Division, and was submitted 
 to the historical branch of the General Staff as the official history of the Division.) 
 
 Previous to February, 191 8, Hardware, Hand Tools, 
 Metals, and kindred items, while used in every branch of the 
 Army, were considered in the miscellaneous class and were 
 bought independently as such by each of the different Divisions 
 and Depot Quartermasters of the Quartermaster Corps. Being 
 purchased in this manner and by individual items under the 
 head of Miscellaneous, the real volume of this class of ma- 
 terial was not appreciated. But with the constantly increas- 
 ing size of the Army and number of items used, it became 
 evident that it would be necessary to establish a special 
 branch for the securing of this class of supplies, if this were 
 to be done with due regard to quality, quantity, and economic 
 consideration. 
 
 In February, 1918, with such an idea in view, General 
 Goethals, Acting Quartermaster-General of the Army, invited 
 Mr. William A. Graham, of New York City, to come to Wash- 
 ington, for the purpose of considering the segregation of Hard- 
 ware, Hand Tools, Metals, Sporting Goods, and kindred items, 
 and establishing a separate branch for the procurement of this 
 material. 
 
 Mr. Graham accepted the invitation to Washington and 
 after going over the subject carefully with Mr. Albert L. Scott, 
 
 16 
 
o 
 
The General Supplies Division 17 
 
 Chief of the Supply and Equipment Division, took the matter 
 under further advisement. 
 
 On February 26, 191 8, it was decided to create this new- 
 branch of the Supply and Equipment Division, Quartermaster 
 Corps, to be known as the Hardware and Metals Branch, and 
 Mr. William A. Graham was appointed to organize the depart- 
 ment. Mr. Graham was selected to fill this important position 
 because he had for many years occupied one Of the foremost 
 positions in the Hardware Trades, and was, in addition, a 
 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, 
 Md., a hardware man of executive ability and known to be one 
 hundred per cent American. 
 
 The items to be procured by this Branch having previously 
 been classed generally under the heading of Miscellaneous, it 
 was somewhat difficult to determine quickly just what quanti- 
 ties and classes of Hardware, Hand Tools, Metals, etc., had 
 been purchased, especially in view of the fact that thirteen 
 different Depots, the Army Transport, and the several different 
 Divisions of the Quartermaster Corps were buying separately, 
 which made in all twenty- two or more branches, in addition to 
 the numerous divisions of other Corps of the Army. This, 
 of course, had had a very bad effect upon the morale of the 
 manufacturers of the country in these industries, and not only 
 handicapped production, but affected the quality of the materi- 
 als purchased as well. 
 
 For the purpose of getting at the general kinds of Hard- 
 ware, Hand Tools, and kindred items purchased, as well as 
 forming some idea of volume, it was decided to secure from 
 each of the several Divisions, Branches, and Depots of the 
 Quartermaster Corps, a statement showing all articles pur- 
 chased from July 1, 19 17, to March 1, 19 18, inclusive, 
 which might be classified under the broad term of Hardware 
 and Kindred Lines. Under date of March 18th, a letter, 
 to which a prompt reply was received with the desired infor- 
 
18 
 
 "As You Were 
 
 mation, was sent out to the different Divisions, Depots, etc., 
 as follows : 
 
 Submit immediately, by mail, to the Office of the Quartermaster- 
 General of the Army, Supply and Equipment Division, statement showing 
 all articles purchased by your office during the period from July I, 191 7, 
 to March 1, 1918, inclusive, coming under the broad term of Hardware 
 and Kindred Lines; also, all kinds of Rope, Cordage, and Twine. Use 
 Circular No. 3, Class A, Office Supplies of the Quartermaster-General of 
 the Army, 1917, as a guide in making up this statement, adding thereto 
 purchases of articles of hardware not listed therein, but coming within 
 the trades and classifications : — 
 
 Heavy Hardware and Tools 
 Railroad Hardware and Tools 
 Contractors' Hardware and Tools 
 Mill Supplies Hardware and Tools 
 Blacksmith Hardware and Tools 
 
 Motor Hardware and Tools 
 Farriers' Hardware and Tools 
 Machinist Hardware and Tools 
 Wagon Hardware and Tools 
 Linemans' Hardware and Tools 
 Farming and Garden Tools 
 Hand and Horse Lawn Mowers 
 Shoemakers' Supplies and Tools 
 Woodenware, Small Tool Handles 
 
 Shooks and other Wooden Articles 
 Laundry Hardware Supplies 
 Drying Room Hardware Supplies 
 Raw Materials, All Kinds 
 Bright Wire Goods 
 Small Forgings 
 
 Miscellaneous Hardware 
 
 Marine Hardware and Tools 
 Plumbers' Hardware and Tools 
 Steam Fitters' Hardware and Tools 
 Cast Iron, Soil, and Lead Pipe 
 Builders', Shelf and Carpenter's 
 
 Hardware and Tools 
 Ranges, Stoves, all kinds 
 Stove Supplies and Tools 
 Tinners' Supplies and Tools 
 All Metal Working, Wood Work- 
 ing and Edge Tools 
 Saddlery Hardware and Tools 
 Scissors, Shears, and Cutlery 
 Cobblers' Supplies and Tools 
 Helves, Handles of Oak, Ash, 
 
 Hickory, Poplar, etc. 
 Metal Sheets 
 Tin Plates 
 Rods 
 Bars 
 
 Tubing, All Kinds 
 Malleable and Grey Iron Castings 
 
 and Stampings 
 Rope, Cordage, and Twine, All 
 Kinds 
 
 Statement to include all articles contracted for within the period, both 
 received and invoiced, yet to be received, and purchase orders not yet 
 
(H 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 1-1 
 
 < 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 0) 
 
 a, 
 
 3 
 
 1-1 
 
 
 w 
 
 g 
 
 £S 
 
 
 
 
 l-i 
 
 
 3 Q 
 
 
 a> 
 
 *« 
 
 <D 
 
 v 
 
 
 o 
 
 £ 
 
 s° 
 
 0) 
 
 J3 
 
 t* 
 
 01 
 
 H 
 
 a> 
 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 <u 
 
 Pi - 
 
 "i 
 
 o 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 hH J5 
 
 
 S 
 
 •3 rt 
 
 uo S 
 
 Si 
 
 2 W 
 
The General Supplies Division 19 
 
 completed. Statement to show name of article (or class), unit, total 
 quantity, and total cost of each article or class. Entire report to be 
 totaled to show cost of all purchases. 
 
 Wherever possible, bolts and similar articles are to be consolidated 
 under one heading. For example: "Bolts, Assorted, All Kinds and Sizes." 
 Total quantity to be combined in one unit, and total cost in one unit. 
 
 By the term "Article" is meant a single consolidated item, such as 
 Adzes and Axes. 
 
 By the word "Class" is meant a combination of items, such as is 
 covered by one word, for instance, " Enamel ware, " under which all 
 enamelware will be bulked as one unit, naming only total cost. 
 
 Similar treatment should be given to all Household, Kitchen, Mess, 
 Camp, and Galley Hardware Supplies, combining all Hollow- ware under 
 one item, as well as Tinware, Sheet Metal, Galvanized Ware, Wooden- 
 ware, Glassware, Flatware, Crockery, China, and Earthenware. 
 
 Classify Screws as Wood and Machine; Hammers as Heavy and 
 Sledges; and Handled Hammers, Assorted Sizes. 
 
 It is necessary that the Department quickly receive a concise state- 
 ment of each article or class, giving total volume or quantity of each, total 
 cost of each, with a final footing of the grand total cost. 
 
 It is not intended that each kind and size of article or class be enumer- 
 ated. 
 
 If uncertain whether an article or class comes under the trades listed, 
 include rather than omit it in your statement. 
 
 Telegraph acknowledgment of this letter and specify date your 
 statement or report will be mailed to this Office. 
 
 By authority of Acting Quartermaster- General. 
 
 (Signed) Wm. A. Graham, 
 
 Chief of Branch. 
 
 WAG:ML 
 
 Upon receipt of the different statements, they were tabu- 
 lated and combined into one general statement, showing the 
 purchases for the eight months to have been over seventy-five 
 millions of dollars. Yet the statement did not fully cover the 
 line, nor had the American Expeditionary Forces been receiv- 
 ing the desired quantities of this class of material. 
 
20 " As You Were" 
 
 Sufficient information, however, was furnished to indicate 
 just what class of personnel was necessary for the proper pro- 
 curement of the goods needed by the Army. With this inform- 
 ation before him, immediate steps were taken by Mr. Graham 
 to secure men of expert knowledge and executive ability, not 
 only to assist in the formation of the organization, but to take 
 charge of its different sections. In making up the personnel 
 of the Branch, effort was made to enlist the services of men who 
 were not connected with institutions from whom the various 
 sections of the Branch were likely to purchase. Such men 
 were asked to come to Washington, and notwithstanding that 
 a number of these men were occupying high executive posi- 
 tions, they, realizing the necessity, made the sacrifice and came 
 promptly. 
 
 Before the complete organization of the Hardware and 
 Metals Branch could be effected and its various leading per- 
 sonnel invited by Mr. Graham could arrive in Washington, 
 heavy authorizations for procurement came in from the Ameri- 
 can Expeditionary Forces through the Requirements Branch. 
 The authorizations for purchase were very indefinitely stated, 
 without sufficient regard to the proportionate quantities of 
 sizes, classes, and styles of goods required. 
 
 A few months prior to this, in anticipation of the necessity 
 for concerted action when the country should demand the best 
 and most efficient service of every citizen, the Hardware Manu- 
 facturers Organization for War Service had been formed. In 
 this emergency, its Executive Committee, composed of Messrs. 
 Murray Sargent, Alexander Stanley, Chas. W. Asbury, and 
 Fayette R. Plumb, and a little later, Mr. Isaac Black, of New 
 Britain, Conn., were requested by Mr. Wm. A. Graham to 
 come to Washington for consultation and temporary assist- 
 ance. These gentlemen responded at once, and rendered very 
 effective assistance. 
 
 A plan was outlined by Mr. Graham, by which a number of 
 
Harry L. Arnold was born July 24, 1877, in New York, N. Y. 
 
 Was graduated from the Public Schools, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 His early years in business were spent with the New York office of Miller, Sloss & 
 Scott, of San Francisco. 
 
 1902 — Was placed in charge of the New York office of Pacific Hardware & Steel Co., 
 successors to Miller, Sloss & Scott. 
 
 19 1 2 — Accepted position of Assistant Manager of Pacific Hardware & Steel Co., 
 branch at Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 1914 — He was elected Secretary and Treasurer of Terre Haute Malleable & Mfg. Co., 
 Terre Haute, Ind. 
 
 191 8 — In March, at the request of William A. Graham, he joined the branch which 
 later became the Hardware & Metals Division. In the early days of the Branch, he was 
 in charge of the buying of many items of hardware and metals, and assisted the Chief in 
 organizing various departments. 
 
 Mr. Arnold received his commission as Major in July, and was selected to serve as 
 Liaison Officer, representing the Hardware & Metals Division on the Staff which accom- 
 panied Col. Letcher Hardaman overseas on a tour of investigation, in which conditions of 
 transportation were observed and a careful study made of the uses of various supplies 
 and the character of service required from them. 
 
 On his return to Washington in October, he submitted a report to his Division, which 
 supplied much valuable information to the procurement offices. 
 
 On October 30th, he was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. 
 
 December 10th, Col. Arnold resigned his commission and was honorably discharged 
 following which he resumed his position of Secretary and Treasurer of the Terre Haute 
 Malleable & Mfg. Co. 
 
Lieut. Colonel H. L. Arnold 
 
The General Supplies Division 21 
 
 industries were assigned to each gentleman, who was then to 
 call a meeting at some convenient point of one hundred per 
 cent of the manufacturers of those industries for the follow- 
 ing purposes: — 
 
 (1) To establish practical or standard sizes, styles, and 
 qualities of products and the proportionate quantities that 
 ought to be shipped to meet properly the overseas require- 
 ments. 
 
 (2) To provide ways and means for the immediate and 
 sufficient production of the right quality and in the requisite 
 quantity. 
 
 (3) To lay before the Hardware and Metals Branch of the 
 Supply and Equipment Division all details as to the production 
 of each industry, together with correct tables or tariffs of styles, 
 sizes, qualities and the proportions used of each. 
 
 This information having been collected, it was immediately 
 placed before Mr. Graham, who was thus enabled through his 
 assistants to receive bids or to make procurements of these 
 large emergency purchases in the least possible time, and to 
 ship to the other side such kinds, styles, and sizes as were most 
 needed. 
 
 As the individuals who would use these various tools were 
 the same men who as mechanics a few months previously in 
 civilian life were using the various classes of tools, it was fair 
 to assume that the classes, styles, and sizes of tools which they 
 had formerly worked with would be the proper material to pro- 
 cure for efficient work in the Army. Not only would these 
 tools naturally be the standard classes, styles, and sizes which 
 had been made by each industry, but by their procurement 
 the maximum production of the various industries would be 
 secured. 
 
 It is fair to state that when the manufacturers were called 
 together and the situation explained, they were much inter- 
 ested and rendered every assistance possible to arrive at the 
 
22 "As You Were" 
 
 desired results. In many instances they went to considerable 
 expense, going back five or six years prior to the war in their 
 factory records, in order to make up a correct table or tariff 
 of sizes and styles. This information from one manufacturer 
 alone might be misleading, but including as it did all the 
 factories of the industry, it established as nearly as possible 
 the correct tariff. 
 
 The Hardware and Metals Branch was thus enabled to 
 procure not only the desired quantities but to obtain the right 
 styles and sizes, and this with a largely increased efficiency and 
 production in the different plants and a very material saving 
 of money as well. 
 
 This assistance as above outlined by the manufacturers 
 was applicable to almost all lines of tools and similar purchases, 
 but in order to better understand the valuable results thus 
 obtained by the Government, an illustration of two items, 
 namely, files and bolts, will suffice to show how this procedure 
 worked out. 
 
 Large quantities of all kinds of both files and bolts were 
 required for immediate shipment. The specifications were so 
 erroneous, however, as to the proportionate quantities of 
 many sizes and kinds that it was necessary to correct them 
 before taking action as to purchase. From a patriotic stand- 
 point, manufacturers had already severely criticized previous 
 similar specifications that had been purchased over their 
 protest. While the total quantity called for might be correct, 
 the sizes specified were entirely at variance with the demand 
 which experience dictated. If shipment had been made in 
 accordance with the requirements as stated the result would 
 have been an actual shortage of many sizes most in use by the 
 practical workman or mechanic, and a corresponding accumu- 
 lation of many sizes rarely manufactured or demanded. This 
 would have meant not only a shortage in production and stock 
 of the sizes particularly needed, but a heavy and increased 
 
The General Supplies Division 23 
 
 expense for other sizes out of all proportion to the general 
 requirements of the world at large. 
 
 Criticism was easy, but to make a practically correct speci- 
 fication was a different and difficult matter. 
 
 The production of one manufacturer (of files or bolts) might 
 be confined largely , to one class of work, while another factory's 
 production would consist of another style and the output of a 
 third factory would represent an entirely different class. 
 
 By getting the average tariffs from each manufacturer 
 and amalgamating the results of one hundred per cent, of the 
 industry, specifications were thus obtained for all kinds and 
 classes of work such as might be required the world over, and 
 which would apply equally as well to the needs of the Army. 
 
 The procedure followed on files was to call a meeting 
 representing one hundred per cent, of the manufacturers of the 
 industry. It was learned that one manufacturer had already 
 been giving this matter serious thought and in fact had made 
 a thorough investigation. This manufacturer was requested 
 to submit such information as he had at hand on the assump- 
 tion of the files being used by 4,000 to 10,000 machine shop 
 mechanics on all classes of work. 
 
 This he did as explained in the following copy of his report : 
 
 Assuming as a basis for our estimate that each unit will consist of: 
 A Machine Shop, containing a Lathe 
 Drop Forging Plant 
 
 Shaper which would probably take 5 men 
 Horseshoeing Shop " "2 
 
 Blacksmith Shop " " " "2 " 
 
 Woodworking Shop " "2 
 
 Total 11 men 
 
 Now, these eleven men working constantly in a unit equipped as 
 above, would in our judgment have occasion to use in the first year of 
 such work, files approximately covering the attached memoranda, which 
 we have numbered as follows: 
 
24 
 
 " As You Were" 
 
 For the Machine Shop No. i 157 dozen 
 
 Horseshoeing Shop No. 2 33 
 
 Blacksmith Shop No. 3 20 
 
 Carpenter Shop No. 4 30>2 " 
 
 And for the X-F variety of files 
 
 for repairing instruments, guns, etc. No. 5 71^ " 
 
 Total 312 dozen 
 LIST NO. 1— MACHINE SHOP 
 
 INCH 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Flat Bastard 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 X 
 1 
 
 X 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 S 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 6 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 y 2 
 
 31 
 3 
 
 Flat Second Cut 
 
 Flat Smooth 
 
 Hand Bastard 
 
 4 
 
 Hand Second Cut 
 
 Hand Smooth 
 
 4 
 29 
 
 3 
 11 
 
 14K 
 4 
 
 5X 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 Half Round Bastard 
 
 Half Round Second Cut. . . . 
 
 Half Round Smooth 
 
 Round Bastard 
 
 Round Smooth 
 
 Square Bastard 
 
 Square Second Cut 
 
 Ward Bastard 
 
 Mill Bastard 
 
 Mill Bast. Lathe Work- 
 Square Bastard 
 
 Three Square Smooth 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 To 
 
 tal do 
 
 zen p 
 
 er un 
 
 it. . . 
 
 157 
 
 LIST NO. 2--HORSESHOEING SHOP 
 
 INCH 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Plain Rasp Half File 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 Half Round Bastard 
 
 3° 
 
 Mill Bastard 
 
 
 
 
 Total dozen per unit 
 
 33 
 
The General Supplies Division 
 
 25 
 
 LIST NO. 3— BLACKSMITH SHOP 
 
 INCH 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Half Round Bastard 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 Wood Rasp 
 
 3 
 
 Cabinet Rasp 
 
 3 
 
 Round Bastard 
 
 5 
 
 Flat Bastard 
 
 4 
 
 Flat Middle Cut 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Total dozen per unit 
 
 20 
 
 LIST NO. 4— CARPENTER SHOP 
 
 Slim Taper 
 
 Taper 
 
 Mill Bastard 1 Rd. Edge. 
 
 Round Bastard 
 
 Square Second Cut 
 
 Ward Bastard 
 
 Half Round Bastard 
 
 Half Round Second Cut. . 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 tf 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Total dozen per unit. 
 
 2>o l A 
 
 LIST NO. 5— X-F FILES FOR REPAIRING INSTRUMENTS, GUNS, ETC. 
 
 INCH 
 
 3 
 
 3K 
 
 4 
 
 s x A 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Pillar No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 " No. 2 
 
 " No. 4 
 
 Pillar Narrow No. 
 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 
 " " No. 2 
 
 " " No. 4 
 
 Pillar Ex. Narrow No. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 " " " No. 2 
 
 No. 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
26 
 
 "As You Wfere" 
 
 LIST NO. 5— X-F FILES FOR REPAIRING INSTRUMENTS, GUNS, ETC.-Cont'd. 
 
 Barrette No. 2 
 
 Half Round No. 
 
 No. 2 
 
 " " No. 4 
 
 Round No. o 
 
 " No. 2 
 
 Square No. o 
 
 " No. 2 
 
 " No. 4 
 
 3 Square No. o 
 
 3 " No. 2 
 
 3 . " No. 4 
 
 Crochet No. 2 
 
 " No. 4 
 
 Hand No. o 
 
 " No. 2 
 
 " No. 4 
 
 Slitting No. o 
 
 No. 2 
 
 Metal Saw No. 2 
 
 Die Sinker's Asst. No. o. . . . 
 Rd. Handle Needle Asst. No. 
 
 3 
 
 3# 
 
 4 
 
 hV* 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 TOTAL 
 DOZEN 
 
 Total dozen per unit 71 % 
 
 Now, if one unit only were equipped to do the full range of repair 
 work required, there doubtless would be needed, approximately, for the 
 first year an assortment of files as above indicated and as shown by the 
 total memoranda. But all the files would not, necessarily, be used or 
 worn out in the first year; therefore, for two or three years' equipment 
 it would be unwise to multiply this total by two or three. 
 
 Suppose there were ten thousand machine shop mechanics. Dividing 
 this quantity by eleven, to get the number, of such units, and multiplying 
 the number of files in a unit by the result, it makes an astounding 
 quantity of files. Therefore, some person who understands far better 
 than we do the kind and variety of repairing and the need for files in 
 these units, should go over our estimates most carefully. 
 
 We hesitate to submit these figures, but we want to be of assistance, 
 and this is the result at which we arrive by using our best judgment in 
 connection with the information at hand. It should, of course, be sub- 
 mitted without any responsibility on our part, for we are very nearly 
 in the dark as to what is needed. We hope it will be of some value. 
 
 After the above data had been gotten together and put in the hands 
 
The General Supplies Division 
 
 27 
 
 of the superintendent of the factory for comparison, it was found to be 
 about in accordance with the run or the output of this factory. 
 
 The run of each factory was then considered by the other 
 manufacturers independently, and by combining the results it 
 was found a unit of all styles and kinds was reduced from 312 
 dozen to 305 dozen per year per unit, wh : ch established the 
 quantities, styles, and sizes that would be used in a shop doing 
 all classes of work. 
 
 The following table shows the final result arrived at by one 
 hundred per cent of the industry as a schedule for ordering files : 
 
 SCHEDULE FOR ORDERING FILES 
 EACH UNIT TO CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING ASSORTMENT OF 
 
 SIZES AND STYLES 
 
 INCH 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 Doz. 
 
 DOZEN 
 
 Flat Bastard 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 2 
 1 
 
 6 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 3 
 6 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 9 
 1 
 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 5 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 10 
 2 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 5 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 2 
 3 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 37 
 
 " 2d Cut 
 
 7 
 
 " Smooth 
 
 11 
 
 Half Rd. Bastard 
 
 36 
 
 " " 2d Cut 
 
 7 
 
 " " Smooth 
 
 9 
 
 Hand Bastard 
 
 9 
 
 2d Cut 
 
 Smooth 
 
 Round Bastard 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 " 2d Cut 
 
 8 
 
 " Smooth 
 
 6 
 
 Square Bastard 
 
 14 
 
 " 2d Cut 
 
 6 
 
 " Smooth 
 
 6 
 
 Warding Bastard 
 
 12 
 
 Knife Bastard 
 
 6 
 
 " Smooth 
 
 3 
 
 Mill Bastard 
 
 54 
 
 " 2d Cut 
 
 6 
 
 " Bastard I. R. E 
 
 Tapers 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 Slim Tapers 
 
 6 
 
 Pillar Bastard 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 " 2d Cut 
 
 
 
 Total dozen f 
 
 >er unit. . . 
 
 305 
 
28 "As You Were" 
 
 By dividing the total number of dozens of files required by 
 the number of files per unit, it gave the number of units to be 
 shipped. 
 
 For example, the Hardware and Metals Division received 
 from the A. E. F. requisitions for, approximately, 439,200 dozen 
 files, assorted kinds and sizes. The Hardware and Metals Divi- 
 sion,instead of ordering the quantity of each size, style, and kind 
 as specified on the requisition, used, the unit tariff outlined. By 
 dividing the total number of files, 439,200 dozen, by the number 
 of dozens to the unit, 305 dozen, the fact was established that 
 1 ,440 units were required. Orders were then placed for files in 
 accordance with the unit tariff. For example, 1 ,440 units, or 
 1,440 multiplied by 37 dozen, or 53,280 dozen Flat Bastard 
 Files, the sizes being proportioned as shown by the unit tariff 
 for 6", 8", 10", 1 2", etc., which made up 37 dozen to the unit. 
 
 It thus became possible for the Hardware and Metals 
 Division to make up the correct specifications as to styles and 
 sizes that would undoubtedly meet the needs of the A. E. F., 
 and to act on the emergency requirements for immediate pur- 
 chase. At the same time, this information was forwarded 
 overseas for the purpose of establishing a tariff for future 
 requirements, and met with approval. 
 
 In this particular emergency purchase, with the tariff as 
 corrected from the original specification, the manufacturers 
 were enabled not only to make immediate shipments and to 
 run at full production, but in the way of economy it meant to 
 the Government a saving of something over $250,000.00. 
 
 The procedure followed on bolts was to call together the 
 industry, composed of about seventy manufacturers, who in 
 turn elected an executive committee empowered to collect data 
 as to the output of the different factories. This was done, 
 some of the manufacturers going back over their records for a 
 period of five or six years in order to get at the proper average. 
 
 The data from the different factories was amalgamated, 
 
Murphy never could make his eyes behave 
 
 *•• . . ■ . ■-*.. 
 
 Waiting for the bus: Lucky fellows! 
 
 The only major left in 1919 
 
 The new chief and his trusty secretary 
 
 
 ^^tflt'^'i 1% W ' : ■Br~'mifeB 
 
 9^ #«* 
 
 
 14 
 
 i 1' £- ; ** 
 
 B^L [■•-~4 1 
 
 
 
 
 -^ s^ 
 
 J 3 ISM 3 i 4 Hat 1 
 i - 
 
 
 *3 
 
 A 
 
 i p^- 
 
 - ;>* c% 1 
 
 ■*"' 2 
 
 
 
 ■ # 
 
 
 Colonel Hill and his staff 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The " Big Chief " who put the H. and M. 
 Division on the map 
 
The General Supplies Division 29 
 
 and a schedule formed which actually represented a tariff on 
 the different styles and sizes, as shown by the records, of one 
 hundred per cent of the industry. 
 
 The work necessary to accomplish this was immense, and 
 the thanks of the Government are due to the bolt manufac- 
 turers for the interest shown and the amount of work done by 
 them in preparing this information which was needed to meet 
 in the proper manner the overseas requirements. 
 
 When this schedule was completed, it was found that 
 whereas under the original specifications immediate shipment 
 of any substantial quantity was impossible, under the manu- 
 facturers' schedule of tariffs, the industry was able to supply at 
 once from stock 26,000,000 bolts out of the total of 127,180,387 
 called for in the specification. From an economical and finan- 
 cial standpoint, the difference between the corrected specifica- 
 tion and the original specification on this particular authoriza- 
 tion for purchase, represented a saving of $3,738,081.42, as 
 shown by the following letter and statements: 
 
 May 29, 1918. 
 
 MEMORANDUM: 
 
 No: 400.11 Specifications S. & S. — H. & M. 
 
 From: James Gill, Buyer 
 
 To: Wm. A. Graham, Chief, Hardware and Metals Branch, 
 
 Supply and Equipment Division 
 Subject: Original and Correct Specifications — BOLTS 
 
 1 . Attached find memorandum in dollars and cents and total pieces 
 showing the difference between the original bolt specifications as received 
 by this Department for purchase, and the corrected specifications as 
 suggested by the Nut and Bolt Industry, which resulted in a saving on 
 this order of $3,738,081.42. 
 
 2. In explanation of this, your attention is called to the fact that the 
 original specification called for, approximately, 127,180,387 pieces, and the 
 corrected specification for 125,285,000 pieces. 
 
 3. The greater portion of this difference is in the quantities of large 
 Carriage Bolts, the original specification calling for 39.945458 pieces 
 
30 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 Corrected specification calling for 9,700,000 pieces 
 
 4. The original specification on small Carriage Bolts called 
 for 31,839,741 pieces 
 
 Corrected specification called for 60,300,000 " 
 
 the general total being about the same. 
 
 5. It must also be taken into consideration that the original speci- 
 fication called for, approximately, 5,000,000 %" Stove Bolts. This is 
 a size not used nor made by the Stove Bolt Manufacturers, and the item 
 was therefore canceled. In making up the corrected specification, about 
 2,000,000 of this quantity were added to the smaller diameter Stove Bolts. 
 
 Bolts 
 
 Carriage, small 
 large 
 
 Machine, small 
 large 
 
 Stove, F. H. 
 " R. H. 
 
 Tire 
 
 Bolts 
 
 Carriage, small 
 large 
 
 Machine, small 
 large 
 
 Stove, F. H. 
 " R. H. 
 
 Tire 
 
 ORIGINAL SPECIFICATION 
 
 31,839,741 
 39,945.458 
 
 4,564,704 
 12,981,480 
 
 13.313.720 
 13,123,524 
 
 71,785,199 
 
 17,546,184 
 
 26,437,244 
 11,411,760 
 
 Total 
 CORRECTED SPECIFICATION 
 
 60,300,000 
 9,700,000 
 
 6,775,000 
 ii.395.ooo 
 
 13,000,000 
 13,000,000 
 
 70,000,000 
 
 18,170,000 
 
 26,000,000 
 11,115,000 
 
 Total Pieces 
 
 127,180,387 
 Total Pieces 
 
 Total 
 
 125,285,000 
 
The General Supplies Division 
 
 ORIGINAL SPECIFICATION 
 
 31 
 
 Bolts 
 
 
 
 Total Cost 
 
 Carriage, small 
 
 $997.938-6i 
 
 
 
 Less 50-5 
 Carriage, large 
 
 523,91777 
 6,454,049.28 
 
 $474,020.84 
 
 
 Less 40 
 
 Machine, small 
 
 2,581,619.71 
 101,488.60 
 
 3,872,429.57 
 
 
 Less 50-10-5 
 Machine, large 
 
 58,102.22 
 775,55170 
 
 43,386.38 
 
 
 Less 40-10 
 Tire 
 
 356,75378 
 211,036.57 
 
 418,797.92 
 
 
 Less 50-10-5 
 Stove 
 
 120,818.44 
 1,224,767.13 
 
 90,218.13 
 
 
 Less 70-10 
 
 894,080.00 
 
 830,687.13 
 
 $5,229,539-97 
 
 CORRECTED SPECIFICATION 
 
 Bolts 
 
 Carriage, small 
 Less 50-5 
 
 Carriage, large 
 Less 40 
 
 Machine, small 
 Less 50-10-5 
 
 Machine, large 
 Less 40-10 
 
 Tire 
 
 Less 50-10-5 
 
 Stove 
 
 Less 70-10 
 
 $1,087,660.00 
 571,021.50 
 
 448,051.50 
 170,220.60 
 
 162,436.00 
 92,994.61 
 
 843,406.50 
 387,966.99 
 
 161,984.00 
 91,880.85 
 
 411,130.00 
 300,124.90 
 
 $516,638.50 
 268,830.90 
 
 69,441 -39 
 455,439-51 
 
 70,103.15 
 111,005.10 
 
 Saving on the above revised specification 
 
 $1,491,458.55 
 $3,738,081.42 
 
32 " As You Were" 
 
 This saving of $3,738,081.42 as shown by the foregoing 
 report would be largely increased if the cubic measurement and 
 cost of ocean freight were taken into consideration. The 
 freight cost per cubic foot was heavy, and the material on the 
 corrected specification would be many thousands of cubic feet 
 less than on the original specification. 
 
 The tariff as arranged by the manufacturers meant also the 
 maximum production of requirements. 
 
 It was gratifying to receive word back from overseas that 
 the manufacturers' tariff had met with approval and com- 
 pletely covered the needs. 
 
 The foregoing illustrations show what was accomplished by 
 getting together a full complement of the industries manu- 
 facturing the different items which were bought in volume. 
 The manufacturers in each industry met at New York City or 
 such other places as were most convenient. Explanations 
 were made by the gentlemen comprising the executive com- 
 mittee as to. just what the requirements were, with the result 
 that the manufacturers entered into the spirit of the occasion, 
 and not only placed the Branch in a position to purchase 
 promptly and intelligently, and to put out bids for the goods 
 without delay, but the manufacturers themselves in many 
 instances set aside all other work in an endeavor to further 
 the interest of the Government. In consequence, the goods 
 began to come along faster than they could be moved from the 
 various plants. 
 
 The assistance so ably rendered by these gentlemen of the 
 Executive Committee of the Hardware Manufacturers' Organi- 
 zation for War Service in addition to the individual efforts 
 of the manufacturers, enabled the Branch to accomplish 
 the results in the least possible time and with much saving 
 financially. 
 
 As the many corrections were made and the information 
 communicated overseas, it was gratifying in due course to 
 
ASS'T. TO CHIEF 
 INSIDE RELATIONS 
 MAJOR H. P.i HILL 
 
 Production sad 
 
 Inspection 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR JOS. ODLIN 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 Capt. S, n. Carr 
 
 Metals and Heavy 
 
 Hard vara 
 
 J. C. UcConnell 
 
 Snail Tools and 
 
 Chests 
 
 Capt. H. K. Ziiver 
 
 Kitchen and Camp 
 
 Equipment 
 
 S. P. itewart. 
 
 Office Equipment and 
 
 Sundries 
 Capt.S. P. Lander e 
 
 Records 
 Lt. J. D. J. Farnaman 
 
 Transportation 
 K. D. George 
 
 Investigations 
 Lt. C. 0. Bellinger 
 
 Administrative 
 
 ASST. CHIEF 
 Capt. H. E. Loomis 
 
 Personnel 
 Lieut. 3, S. Keeley 
 
 Supplies 
 C. H» Fugitt 
 
 Uails and Files 
 C. B. Rosengren 
 
 Specifications and 
 Clue. Print* 
 J. F. Kriel 
 
 Stenographic 
 Urs. E. C, Coodyear 
 
 Information 
 
 Bureau 
 
 Mrs. H. E. Davie 
 
 JML_ 
 
 Samples 
 N. Banitch . 
 
 Service 
 8. E. Purcell 
 
 rViorities and 
 
 Clearances 
 
 Lieut. U. F. Uurphy 
 
 CHIEF 
 CAPT. J. H. CURTIN 
 
 ASS'T. OHTIF 
 F. 0. Rosin 
 
 Records 
 Lieut. T. V, Jones 
 
 Progress 
 J. t. Flynn 
 
 Depots 
 K. Maukert 
 
 Information 
 J. R. McLaughlin 
 
 (WEP) 
 
OFFICEoftheQUARTERMASTERGENERALoftheARMY 
 HARDWARE andMETALS DIVISION 
 ORGANIZATION CHART N 2 1-A 
 
 InterburMU 
 
 Proeuron.nt 
 T. B. UcKalg 
 
 ASS'T. TO CHIEF 
 OUTSIDE RELATIONS 
 (LIAISON OFFICER) 
 UAJOR H. L. ARNOLD 
 
 CHIEF OF DIVISION 
 TO. 1. GRAHAM 
 
 BRANCHES 
 
 ASS'T. TO CHIEF 
 INSIDE RELATIONS 
 UAJOR H. P.. HILL 
 
 ft-loritles and 
 
 Clearances 
 
 Lieut. H. F. Uurphy 
 
 Uetale and Heavy 
 
 Hardware! 
 
 CUTE? 
 
 GEO. W. WELLES 
 
 Small Toole and 
 
 Cheets 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 W. ff. FUSTMO 
 
 Kitchen aad Camp 
 
 Equipment 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 UAJOR W. J. PECK 
 
 Office Equipment and 
 
 Sundries 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 UAJOR 0. H. RICHARDS 
 
 Contract and 
 
 Purchase 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 UAJOR E. A. DARR 
 
 Production and 
 Inspection 
 
 MAJOR JOS. «DLIN 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 Capt. A. S. 'Dunning 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 C. L, Butts 
 
 ASS'T* CHIEF 
 U. A. Dunning 
 
 ASS'T. TO CHIEF 
 L. Hurd San ford 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 Lieut. C. W. Bliae 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 Capt. S. R. Carr 
 
 AS3*T. CHIEF 
 Capt. K. «. Loomie 
 
 ASS'T. OHTEF 
 F. 0. Rosin 
 
 Finis lied Hand 
 
 Tools 
 J. D. Rennick 
 
 Stoves and Heating 
 
 Equipment 
 
 U. A. Dunning 
 
 Office Furnltun 
 H. D. Alnge 
 
 Contract Preparation 
 Capt. C. S, Dashlell 
 
 Metal a and Heavy 
 
 Hardware 
 
 J. C. UcConnell 
 
 Personnel 
 Lieut. J. F. Keeley 
 
 Lieut. T. W. Jonee 
 
 Axes and Tool 
 
 Handles 
 
 S. St.J. EBhleman 
 
 Canvas Goods 
 
 Hardwaro 
 
 0. A. Lanchantin 
 
 Camp and Uses 
 Capt. J. 0. Willi* 
 
 Office Stationary 
 W. C. Criffin 
 
 Contract Approval 
 Lleut.C. V. Hues 
 
 Snail Tools and 
 
 Capt. H. K. Ziiver 
 
 Supplies 
 C. H* Fugitt 
 
 Progress 
 J. J. Flrnn 
 
 Athletic .fllippliee 
 Capt .J. Tf Conway 
 
 Tools and Choet 
 
 Equipment 
 
 Capt. ■. J. Oliver 
 
 Kitchen Utensils and 
 House Furnishings 
 W. B. Mitchell 
 
 Ofiics Machinery 
 Capt, J. C. Thompson 
 
 Kitchen and Camp 
 
 Equipment 
 
 S. P. Stewart- 
 
 Uails and Files 
 C. B. Ronengren 
 
 Depots 
 K. Haukert 
 
 Uiscellaneoue 
 
 Toole 
 
 C. L. Butte 
 
 Rolling Kite hone" 
 C. W. Arpe 
 
 Office Supplies 
 0. H. Crebe 
 
 Office Equipment and 
 
 Sundrlee 
 Capt.S. P. Landers 
 
 Speclficatione and 
 Blue. Prints 
 J. F. Kriol 
 
 Information 
 J. R. McLaughlin 
 
 Peroonal Accessories 
 Capt. T.W.S. Phillips 
 
 Cutlery 
 Capt. ". E. Standaxt 
 
 Records and 
 Standardization 
 C. V. HcCallu 
 
 Musical Instruments 
 S. Buegelolsen 
 
 Records 
 Lt. J. D. J. Parnei 
 
 Stenographic 
 Urs. E, C. Goodyear 
 
 Records 
 John J. McCarthy 
 
 Seml-Finiohod 
 
 Tools 
 
 I. -A. Uoye 
 
 Keforde 
 Uarie L. Uye> 
 
 Transportation 
 K. D. George 
 
 Information 
 lire. H. E. Davis 
 
 Records 
 I. X. Knox 
 
 Investigations 
 Lt. 0. 0, Hellinzei 
 
 S. E. Purcell 
 
The General Supplies Division 33 
 
 receive word from the A.E. F. to ship these various products in 
 accordance with the manufacturers' tariffs. 
 
 Meanwhile, the organization of the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch was progressing, and Mr. E. L. Warren, of New 
 Britain, Conn., an expert on organization, assisted very materi- 
 ally in many of the details. Finally, under date of April 16, 
 19 1 8, Order No. 376, from the office of the Acting Quarter- 
 master-General was issued (a copy marked Exhibit "A" 
 appears on page 116) officially establishing the Branch, and 
 appointing Mr. William A. Graham as Chief. 
 
 By the time the reports from the manufacturers in the 
 various industries came back to Mr. Graham, the Branch was 
 in such good working condition that it was possible, in the 
 making of procurements, to profit by the splendid work per- 
 formed by the gentlemen referred to above, and to take full 
 advantage of the preparatory work done by them and by the 
 manufacturers of the different industries. 
 
 It became the established rule of the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch, in order to get both quality and production, to buy 
 only standard qualities and grades of tools and materials. 
 Production, quality, and price were invariably considered in 
 making a purchase. Furthermore, it was the invariable 
 practice of the Branch in every possible instance, to give one 
 hundred per cent of each industry an opportunity to assist in 
 the fulfillment of a desired procurement. 
 
 With the large volume of procurements which it was neces- 
 sary to purchase, it was deemed advisable by the middle of 
 May to separate this Branch from the Supply and Equipment 
 Division, and to organize a separate Division. On May 18, 
 1918, Office Order No. 412, issued by the office of the Quarter- 
 master-General of the Army (a copy marked Exhibit " B " ap- 
 pears on page 120) was published, which created the Hardware 
 and Metals Division, as effective on June 1, 19 18, and with 
 Mr. William A. Graham as Chief. The Division consisted of 
 
34 "As You Were" 
 
 four branches, of which three were for procurement, and one, 
 administrative (a copy of Office Order No. 459, marked Exhibit 
 1 ' C " appears on page 121). The function of this Division was 
 the procurement of all items of Hardware, Hand Tools, Metals, 
 and kindred items, and this was later added to by the assign- 
 ing to this Division the purchase of all Office Equipment and 
 Sundries Supplies. 
 
 This Division also functioned through the different Zone 
 Supply Officers in the production and inspection of all items 
 purchased by the organization. With the large expansion of 
 the Army as provided for by the plan of the General Staff, the 
 plans for the procurement of different items needed for the 
 Army overseas became in some cases more difficult, the pro- 
 gram in connection with some requisitions being of such volume 
 as to tax the entire resources of the industry. 
 
 The consolidation of purchases of Hardware and Metals 
 items of all branches of the Army service, which became 
 effective July 1, 19 18, correspondingly increased the work of 
 this Division, and personnel was added by the transfer from 
 other corps and bureaus, of persons who had been engaged in 
 the procurement, production, and inspection of the items 
 transferred to this Division for purchase. 
 
 With the rapid development of the Division after July 1st, 
 resulting from the consolidation of purchase, it was necessary 
 to create additional branches and under date of July 17th, 
 Office Order No. 506, issued from the office of the Quarter- 
 master-General of the Army prescribed the following as the 
 organization of the Hardware and Metals Division: 
 
 Branch No. 1 — Metals and Heavy Hardware, in charge of Mr. 
 
 George W. Welles; 
 No. 2 — Small Tools and Chests, in charge of Mr. W. 
 
 F. Fusting; 
 No. 3 — Kitchen and Camp Equipment, in charge of 
 
 Mr. W. J. Peck; 
 
[WIfl 
 
 •wARjtfpAfqwhl]* 
 
 'OfFICE'Of'DIRECjO^O^fURCHAcr^A^D'^jORAqE.- 
 
 •officE-of ^DiRECTGRcOf . f mmyt- 
 
 • OJSAfllZAJlOhl • CHA^ ifa 1 • 
 ^0YtM&ti^,ll T *l3la- 
 
 id Cheats 
 
 STING 
 kavls 
 
 -i& Tools 
 
 ilck 
 
 Equipnent 
 Oliver 
 
 Stsndart 
 
 ped Toole 
 Ijoye 
 
 Heavy Hardware 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR U. R. BATCHELLER 
 
 Aset. Chief 
 
 Lt. H. I. Miller 
 
 Chain 
 Capt. E. H. Clausen 
 
 Blacksmith's Equipment 
 Sorgt. W. W. Hague 
 
 Track and Road Tools 
 Sergt. G. J. Smith 
 
 Logging 4 Entrench. Tools 
 ■Sergt. 3. B. Wilson 
 
 Records 
 Sergt. J. J. Wiggins 
 
 Kitchen and Camp Equipment 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR H. D. MOORE 
 
 Asst. Chief 
 
 M. A. Dunning 
 
 Stoves 
 Capt. J. J. Garrison 
 
 Containers 
 Capt. J. G. Williams 
 
 Camp Equipment 
 Capt. J. E. Diener 
 
 Rolling Kitchens 
 C. W. Arpo. 
 
 S-lj Kitchen Uten.£ House Fur 
 W. B. Mitchell 
 
 w 
 
 Uess Equipment 
 Lt. E. C. Hunter 
 
 Records 
 C. W. UcCalls 
 
 Office Equipment & Sundries 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR e. H. RICHARDS 
 
 Asst. Chief 
 Capt. L. H. Sanforl 
 
 Office Furniture 
 Capt. H. D. Alnge 
 
 Office Stationery 
 W. C.firiffin 
 
 Office Machinery 
 Capt. J. Clark Thompson 
 
 Paper Products 
 Capt. Hugh Wright 
 
 Office Sundries 
 Capt- D. P. O'Brien 
 
 Musical Instruments 
 S.B-jeseleisen 
 
 Rec ordft 
 Miss M. L. Myers 
 
CHIEF OF DUIflO* 
 
 mi. A. GRAKAU 
 
 SECRETARY 
 
 OUY E. WARREN 
 
 ASST. CHIEF Of DIVISION 
 I/T. COL. H. L. ARNOLD 
 
 BRANCHES 
 
 'WA^Dt'pA^MEfJj- 
 -f Ul(CHAyE -yiORAqL - AHD - JRAfpC ^ DIViyiONl* 
 
 •OfflCE'Of-DiRECTORiOf'fURpHA^E-AfJD'^IORAqE:- 
 
 'OfFICE^Of-DlRECTG^Of-fU^CHA^t- 
 
 -q^tRAL-./UffL.ILA DIV|./I0|J- 
 
 •ORSArllZAJlGhJ-CHAiq; rial.* 
 
 •NOVEMBER. ll T "l9la* 
 
 No. 1 
 
 Administrative 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 LT. COL. H. P. HILL 
 
 /est. Chief 
 
 Lt. J. K. Bangs 
 
 rnterbur^au, Procur 
 CHIEF 
 T. B. NcKAIG 
 
 ■itieo and Cleiranei 
 CHIEF 
 LT, H. F. MURPHY 
 AflBt. Chief 
 L. H. Kraua 
 
 Contract and Purchase 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR E. A. DARR 
 
 Aflat. Chief 
 
 Capt. C.W.,Bliee 
 
 iiction and Inspeetioi 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJO* JOS. 00L1H 
 
 Asst. Chief 
 Capt. 5. N. Carr 
 
 1 D 
 
 Statistic! 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR J. H. CURTIH 
 
 A e ot. Chief 
 Capt. F. G. Rosin 
 
 offiea Service 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR T. M. LYNCH 
 
 Asst. Chief 
 
 Capt. H. E. LoomiS 
 
 Wo. | 2 
 
 Hardware, Cordage and Misc. 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 GEO. W. WELLES 
 
 Aaet. Chief 
 
 Capt. A. S. Dunning 
 
 No. 3 
 
 Small Tools and Chea 
 CHIEF 
 W. F. FUSTING 
 
 Asst. Chiof 
 Lt. W. TJJavle 
 
 No. 4 
 
 Heavy Hardware 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR*. R. BATCHEUER 
 
 Asst. Chief 
 
 Lt. H. I. Miller 
 
 No. | 5 
 
 Kitchen and Camp Equipment 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR H. D. MOORE 
 
 Add*. Chief 
 
 H. A. Dunning 
 
 No- fi 
 
 Office Equipment & Sundries 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR a. H. RICHARDS 
 
 Aaet. Chiof 
 Capt. L. H. Sanforfl 
 
 Priorities 
 
 R. W. Fowler 
 
 Contract Preparation 
 Capt. C. S. DaBhiel 
 
 : Metals ft Heavy Hardware 
 Lt. C. G. McConnoll 
 
 1-E| Personnel 
 
 Lt. J. F. Keeley 
 
 i Sholf Hardware 4 Cordage 
 A. S. Rogora 
 
 Finished Hand Toole 
 J. P. Rennlck 
 
 Chain 
 Capt. E. H. Clausen 
 
 Capt. J. J. Garrison 
 
 Office furniture 
 Capt. H, D. Alnge 
 
 1-A] Cloarancos 
 
 F. C. Reimold 
 
 Contract Approval 
 Capt. C. W. Biles 
 
 Small Toole and Chests 
 Capt. H. E. Zuver 
 
 Progress 
 J. J. Flynn 
 
 1-E; Supplies 
 
 C. H. Fugitt 
 
 Auto. & Bicycle Access. 
 D. W. Jasper 
 
 4-8 Bleckflmith'e Equipment 
 Sorgt. W. W. Hague 
 
 5-Bj Contalnora 
 
 Capt. J. d. William 
 
 6-B Office Stationery 
 
 W. C. driffin 
 
 Kitchen 4 Camp Equip. 
 Lt. S. P. Stewart 
 
 Depots 
 K. Maukert 
 
 1-E] Mails and Files 
 
 C. B. Rosengren 
 
 Athletic Supplie 
 Capt. J. F. Conwa; 
 
 3-C Toole ft Chest Equipment 
 Capt. W. J. Oliver 
 
 Track and Road Tools 
 Sergt. G. J, Smith 
 
 5-C Camp Equlpaent 
 
 Capt. J. E. Blotter 
 
 <5-C Offic* Machinery 
 
 Capt. J. Clark Thompson 
 
 Records 
 Lt. J. D. J. Far 
 
 Information 
 J. R. McLaughlin 
 
 1-q Specifications t B. P. 
 J. F. Kriel, Jr. 
 
 William Beldle 
 
 Miscellaneous Tools 
 C L. Butte 
 
 4-0 Logging ft Entrench. Tool* 
 Sergt. 3. fi. Wilson 
 
 5-D| Rolling Kitchens 
 
 C. W. Arpe, 
 
 Paper Producta 
 Capt. Hugh Wright 
 
 1-C Transportation 
 
 E K» 0. George 
 
 1-E Stenographic 
 
 E Mrs. E. C. Goodyear 
 
 Personal Accessories 
 Capt. T.V .3 .Phillips 
 
 Cutlery 
 Capt. W. E. Standart 
 
 Recorde 
 Sergt. J. J. Biggin.' 
 
 5-Ej Kitchen Uton.ft- Houoo Fur 
 W. 8. Mitchell 
 
 Office Sundries 
 Capt- D. P. O'Brien 
 
 Office Equip. .4 Sundries 
 Capt. L. A. Philllppl 
 
 U Information 
 
 F Mrs. H. E. Davis 
 
 Records 
 John J. McCarthy 
 
 3-f Semi -Finished Toole 
 E. A. Moyo 
 
 Mess Equipment 
 Lt. E. C, Hunter 
 
 Musical Instruments 
 S.Bueneleisen 
 
 Investigation 
 Lt. C. <}. Hollinger 
 
 1-S| Samples 
 
 N. Bonitch 
 
 y 
 
 Hiss M. L. My. 
 
 S. E. Pureell 
 
The General Supplies Division 35 
 
 Branch No. 4 — Office Equipment and Sundries, in charge of 
 
 Mr. G. H. Richards; 
 " No. 5 — Contract and Purchase, in charge of Mr. E. A. 
 
 Darr; 
 " No. 6 — Production and Inspection, in charge of Capt. 
 
 Jos. Odlin; 
 " No. 7 — Administrative, in charge of Mr. T. M. Lynch. 
 
 This order also added Office Equipment to the list of arti- 
 cles to be purchased by this Division and assigned to the 
 Division all supervision over the service and supplies con- 
 nected with the care and production of regular supplies of the 
 Quartermaster Corps and with respect to supplies and service 
 authorized to be contracted for by the Quartermaster Corps, 
 but not expressly assigned to any other Division of the Office 
 of the Quartermaster-General. 
 
 It will be noted by the above-mentioned order that the 
 duties of this Division were further increased and it again 
 occasioned a considerable increase in the personnel. 
 
 Office Order No. 506 referred to appears on page 126 as 
 Exhibit "D." 
 
 Division organization as prescribed by Office Order No. 
 506 remained in force until October 7, 19 18, at which time 
 Division Order No. 60 was issued transferring all statistics of 
 the Division to a separate branch, in charge of Capt. J. H. 
 Curtin, thus making an organization of eight separate branches. 
 This order is printed on page 128 and marked Exhibit "E." 
 
 Under date of October 19, 191 8, Purchase and Storage No- 
 tice No. 1 issued from the office of the Director of Purchase 
 and Storage, — Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division of the 
 General Staff, the Hardware and Metals Division was trans- 
 ferred from the Quartermaster Corps to the Purchase, Storage, 
 and Traffic Division of the General Staff, and its name changed 
 to General Supplies Division; and under authority of Purchase 
 and Storage Notice No, 13, dated October 28th, issued from 
 
36 "As You Were" 
 
 the office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, — Purchase, 
 Storage, and Traffic Division, all responsibilities, duties, 
 personnel, and records of the Hardware and Metals Division 
 were transferred to the General Supplies Division of the office 
 of Director of Purchase, and the Hardware and Metals Division 
 was thereby abolished. Mr. Wm. A. Graham was designated 
 as Chief of the General Supplies Division. 
 
 P. & S. Notice No. i is printed on page 129 and marked 
 Exhibit "F" and P. & S. Notice No. 13 appears on page 131. 
 as Exhibit "G." 
 
 Under the supervision of the Director of Purchase, the 
 organization of the General Supplies Division was remodeled 
 to conform to a general plan of organization throughout the 
 office of the Director of Purchase and Storage. This organi- 
 zation was completed and functioning at the time of the sign- 
 ing of the armistice, November 11, 191 8, the organization at 
 this date being as follows : 
 
 Office of the Division Chief, with one assistant chief and a 
 personal secretary, and Interbureau Unit for the supervision of 
 interbureau requisitions : 
 
 Branch No. 1 — Administrative, under which were function- 
 ing the following branches : 
 
 Priority and Clearance; 
 Contract and Purchase; 
 Production and Inspection; 
 Statistical ; 
 Office Service. 
 
 11 No. 2 — Procurement of Hardware, Cordage, and 
 
 Miscellaneous : 
 No. 3 " " Small Tools and Chests; 
 
 11 No. 4 " " Heavy Hardware ; 
 
 No. 5 " " Kitchen and Camp 
 
 Equipment ; 
 No. 6 " " Office Equipment and 
 
 Sundries. 
 
-rUKCHA/LVTOW^AhlD-T^fflC-DlVI/lOhl' 
 
 -QENERAL-ZTAfr* 
 
 'OfflC^O^DlR.ECJO^Of^URCnA/^AhlDyjGRAC^ 
 
 MP) 
 
 ^OfpCLvOf*DIR£C 
 
 *CeHeral-/upt 
 
 O^or-PURCHA/E- 
 
 .ie/*divi/(oi^ 
 
 '0R.CAHlZAporJ'<HARI'N0.2' 
 -DLC.3M918- 
 
 NO. 3 
 
 MESS, <M?% PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJ0RJ1.D. MOORE 
 
 ASST. CHIEF 
 »<l.A.DUNNIN<; 
 
 3A 
 
 KITCHEN UTENSILS 
 V. B.MITCHELL 
 
 3-B. 
 
 BEDS.STOYES^HEATIN? 
 CAPT. J. E.DIEMER: 
 
 3-C. 
 
 ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT 
 D.W.JASPER. 
 
 3-D. 
 
 HELD BAKE'RY EQUIPMENT 
 C.V.ARPE 
 
 3-E. 
 
 BRUSHES % BRpOMS 
 
 CAfj. t.w.s.phiLLips 
 
 3-F. 
 
 RECORDS 
 A V JOHN 
 
 Liaison and 
 
 interbureav 
 
 T.S.M^KAiq 
 
 NO. 4 
 
 OfflCE EQUIPMENT^ SUNDAES 
 CHIEF 
 MAJO^QEO.H. RICHARDS 
 
 ASST. CHI EF 
 CAPT. L.H.SANFORJ) 
 
 4- A. 
 
 OFFICE HACHlNFS§fURNTTt«E 
 CAPJ. H . D.Al^qt 
 
 4-b. 
 
 OFFICE STATION^ 
 
 If. L.H.KInC,Stone 
 
 4-C 
 
 PAPER.! PAPER, PRODUCTS 
 J. DUN PHY 
 
 4-D. 
 
 oFhct suNDiyts 
 
 C.p STOPfORD. 
 
 4-E. 
 
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 
 5. BUEqELEISEN 
 
 4F. 
 
 RECORDS 
 MISS M.L MEYERS 
 
1 A. 
 
 CONTACT AND PURCHASE 
 CHItr 
 
 MAJOR, E.A.DARR, 
 
 ASST. CHIEF 
 
 CAPT. C.W BLISS 
 
 1-A. 
 A. 
 
 1-A 
 
 CONTRACT PREPARATION 
 LTM.E.VOICiTS BERBER, 
 
 CONTRACT APPROVAL 
 CAPT. C.W. BUS3 
 
 NO. 1 
 
 ADMINISTRATIVE 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR, J. H. CURJIN 
 
 ASST. chief 
 LT- H. I MURPHY 
 
 PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION 
 CHIEF 
 
 K.D- CjtORSE 
 
 A5ST CHIEF 
 
 Lj. S.B.STEWART 
 
 HARDWARE % HAND TOOLS 
 A.R^FRtCH 
 
 NESS. CAMP§ PEI^ONAl WPtfl 
 
 CAPT.ST.HENDERSON 
 
 OrriCE F.QUIPmNT$5UPPUtS 
 A.F KAISER, 
 
 PLANT RESEARCH 
 WM. A.MEYERS 
 
 1 C. 
 
 STATISTICS 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 CAPT. F.q.ROSlN 
 
 ASST. CHIEF 
 
 WM. H JENJBROECK 
 
 RECORDS 
 C. GUNDERSON 
 
 PROGRESS 
 J.J. F LYNN 
 
 DEPOTS 
 K. MAUKERT 
 
 INFORMATION 
 J. ROWAN 
 
 FACTORY PRP<^RF5S 
 MARTIN J.WALSH 
 
 •CHIEf-Of-DlVISlON- 
 
 •WM.Aqi^Ar1AM- 
 
 -quY e.warren' sta- 
 
 • ASSJ- CHIEF- 
 
 -Lj.coL.M.f.HiLL- 
 
 •ASSISJAhljS- 
 -CAfJ. A 5. DU^!N'lN'<5- 
 -LT. J.K. BApJqS J\- 
 
 BRANOHES 
 
 1 D. 
 
 Off ICE SERVICE 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 CAPT. H.E.LOOM1S 
 
 ASS'T. CHIEF 
 LT. J. r. KEELEY 
 
 MAILS § FILES 
 CB. ROSENC'REN 
 
 SPECIFICATIONS 
 
 STENOGRAPHIC^ SUPPLIES 
 
 J.F KRJEL JRi 
 
 PERSONNEL 
 MARY BEIS5ER_ 
 
 SAMPLES 
 N. BANI.TCH 
 
 INFORMATION 
 MRS. H.E.DAVIS 
 
 di^aftinc; 
 wm.e.pritchett 
 
 NO. 2 
 
 HARDWARE AND HAND TOOL5 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 E.A.MOYE 
 
 ass't. CHur 
 
 IT. W.T.DAVIS 
 
 HEAVY HARDWARE 
 CAPT. E. H.CLAUSEN 
 
 HAND TOOLS 
 O.A.LANCHANTIN 
 
 CORDAGE? HANDLES 
 JAMES WILSON 3' 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MAJtpwMt 
 W<". MACFADqCN 
 
 RECORDS 
 MR5.CQ QEORSE 
 
 ^U^CHA/E'/TO^qC-ArJD'RAfflODlVI/IO^ 
 'qLNtRAL^/JAff- 
 
 'OfflCE:-Of-DmCJ0^0^pURCnA/['ArJD^J0RAat- 
 
 '©rflCE-Or-DIRXC 
 
 -CEfkRAIVUpf 
 
 Qrl-Or-pURCHA/Lv 
 .ItV'DlVI/loN* 
 
 *0K.g;aHizajiqiJ*charj:-H0.2' 
 
 •DLC. 31*1918- 
 
 NO. 3 
 
 HESS. CAMPS PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJ0RJ1.B MOORE 
 
 ASST. CHIEF 
 
 M.A.DUNNIN(" 
 
 KITCHEN UTENSILS 
 W. B.MITCHELL 
 
 BEDS.STOVEsSJHEATIN' 
 CAPT. J E.D1EMER 
 
 3.C 
 
 ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT 
 D. W. JASPER. 
 
 FIELD BAKERY EQUIPMENT 
 C.W.ARPE 
 
 BRUSHES J BROOMS 
 CAPE T.W.S fHlLllPS 
 
 RECORDS 
 
 AW JOHN 
 
 Liaison and 
 
 1nter.mjreau 
 T.S.M«KAI<; 
 
 NO. 4 
 
 OmCEtQUIPMENT^ SUNDRIES 
 
 CHIEF 
 
 MAJOR. C,'0.H RICHARDS 
 
 ASST. CHI tr 
 CAPT. L.H.SANFORD 
 
 4-A 
 
 orriCE mchinesISiurnitlhj 
 CAPT. H b Aiilqt 
 
 4-B. 
 
 OFPICE STATIOljERT. 
 Lj. L.H.KINC;5roNE 
 
 4-C. 
 
 4-D- 
 
 PAPER, S PAPER, PRODUCT5 
 J DUN PHY 
 
 OrMCE SUNDRIES 
 
 Cf STOPrORD. 
 
 4-F. 
 
 MU3ICAL IH3TP.UMCNT3 
 5. BUEqELEISEll 
 
 4-F 
 
 RECORDS 
 MISS ML MEYER,: 
 
The General Supplies Division 37 
 
 With the signing of the armistice and the suspension of all 
 procurements, it soon became evident that the organization as 
 effective November nth would not be required. Steps were 
 taken to reduce the personnel of the Division gradually, in 
 conformity with the nstructions of the office of the Director 
 of Purchase, and, also, the reorganization of the different 
 branches of the Division would be necessary under these 
 changed conditions. Under date of December 31st the organ- 
 ization of the General Supplies Division as shown by Division 
 Order No. 74, as shown on page 132 and marked Exhibit "H," 
 consisted of the following: 
 
 Office of Chief, with one assistant and personal secretary; 
 Branch No. 1 — Administrative — under which the following 
 branches functioned : 
 Contract and Purchase; 
 Production and Inspection; 
 Statistical ; 
 Office Service. 
 No. 2 — Hardware and Hand Tools; 
 " No. 3 — Mess, Camp, and Personal Equipment; 
 No. 4 — Office Equipment and Sundries, 
 Liaison and Interbureau. 
 
 Under the above organization the General Supplies Divi- 
 sion is at present operating. Until such time as a readjust- 
 ment of the procurements of the Division, reduction of the 
 personnel and records is made, or as the office of the Director 
 of Purchase may direct, it will no doubt continue to operate 
 
 Among the many difficult problems the Division was called 
 upon to solve upon its organization was the assembling of all 
 of the items of the different bureaus and corps which properly 
 belonged to it. While the Division has been in existence for 
 about seven months and the matter of consolidation has 
 received attention all during this period, it is still found that 
 there are some items which properly belong to this Division 
 
3$ "As You Were*' 
 
 but which are being procured by other Divisions of the General 
 Staff. These are gradually being corrected and it is hoped that 
 in a short time all of the items which properly belong to the 
 General Supplies Division will be placed upon its procurement 
 lists. 
 
 Upon the formation of the Division and the consolidation 
 of the procurement of hardware and metal items to one corps, 
 and the standardizing of procurements of these items, it was 
 found that very few of these items had been standardized, and 
 it necessarily devolved upon the officials of this Division to 
 standardize as many of these items as possible and have drawn 
 standard specifications of such items and have them approved 
 by the Adjutant General of the Army. This Division is advised 
 by the General Standardization Section of the General Staff, 
 that according to their records to date, specifications covering 
 approximately 1 500 commodities bought by this Division have 
 been standardized. 
 
 In the early organization of the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch, — afterwards Hardware and Metals Division, — Quar- 
 termaster Corps of the Army, it was foreseen that a large 
 force, mainly technical, would be required to carry on the 
 work of supplying the needs of the Army at home and overseas 
 with the material assigned to this Division for purchase. 
 
 With this thought in mind and a full realization of the 
 importance of efficient work, no stone was left unturned to 
 secure the highest grade of help possible. Applications were 
 received from practically every State in the Union from high 
 grade men and women, particularly those experienced in the 
 hardware and allied trades, offering their services to the Gov- 
 ernment, in every case practically, willing to accept whatever 
 remuneration the Government would pay, irrespective of the 
 financial sacrifice involved. 
 
 The personnel records of this Division bear witness to the 
 true patriotism of the civilians who for sufficient reasons were 
 
The General Supplies Division 39 
 
 unable to give their services in military capacities and the 
 whole record of the Division is one of unselfish devotion and 
 ardent patriotism. No hours were too long or work too dim- 
 cult for the members, who gave every ounce of energy they 
 possessed to aid the United States in bringing the war to a 
 victorious conclusion. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER ONE 
 
 Procurement Branch No. i, known as the Metal and 
 Heavy Hardware Branch, was formed at the time the Hard- 
 ware and Metals Division was organized on date of June i, 
 1918, and was confirmed by Office Order No. 549, dated June 
 14, 191 8, issued from the office of the Quartermaster-General of 
 the Army. This Branch purchased all the ferrous and non- 
 ferrous metal, both raw material and finished product, until 
 the 1st of July, 191 8, when the consolidation of procurement 
 was effected, which made the Ordnance Department a procur- 
 ing bureau for these metals. 
 
 Conforming with the established policy of the Division, the 
 Chief of this Branch, its Section Heads and Buyers were care- 
 fully picked men of many years' experience in the hardware 
 and metal trades. 
 
 At the time of the signing of the armistice, Branch No. 1 
 had grown to a force of fifty people and was buying all heavy 
 hardware, shovels, axes, handles, shelf and builders' hardware 
 for the Quartermaster Corps and was the procuring office for 
 the entire Army for the following material : 
 
 Manila, Sisal, and Cotton Rope 
 Twines and all other Cordage 
 All Hemp and Jute Products 
 All Athletic Sporting Goods 
 1 -quart and 2 ^-gallon Fire Extinguishers 
 Blacksmiths' Hardware; Wagon Jacks, etc. 
 Horse and Mule Shoes ; Horseshoe Nails 
 
 40 
 
George W. Welles 
 

 tgr~ — 
 
Branch Number One 4 1 
 
 Shovels — All kinds 
 
 Axes — All kinds 
 
 Trench Mirrors 
 
 Identification Tags 
 
 Brushes — Bristle, Hair, Rattan, Wire, etc. 
 
 Besides the procuring of these items the Chief of this Branch 
 represented the Quartermaster Corps on seven different Com- 
 modity Committees of the Army period. In conjunction with 
 the Standardization Section this Branch compiled complete 
 specifications covering manila, sisal, and cotton rope, all twines 
 and cordage, all bristle and hair brushes, shelf hardware, 
 cobblers' hardware, horseshoes and horseshoe nails. 
 
 After the signing of the armistice, the Branch completed 
 its files and handled a good many terminations of contracts. 
 The Branch was dissolved on January I, 19 19, and such of its 
 personnel as remained in the service was consolidated with 
 Branches No. 2 and No. 3. 
 
 A short detailed sketch with reference to some of the items 
 handled and problems encountered is given below : 
 
 Horse and Mule Shoes, Horseshoe Nails 
 
 Branch No. 1 was placed in charge of the procurement of 
 these items for the entire Army under an order covering the con- 
 solidation of procurement. Efforts were immediately made for 
 the standardization and this work has finally been completed. 
 
 Upwards of 10,000,000 pounds of horseshoes have been 
 bought since that time, mainly at the price established by the 
 Price Fixing Committee of $5.75 per hundred pounds. On 
 October 1st, the price was advanced fifty cents per hundred 
 pounds, but this office was successful in persuading the manu- 
 facturers to accept orders to cover requisitions on hand at the 
 old price, thus effecting a considerable saving to the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
42 "As You Were" 
 
 Just previous to the signing of the armistice, considerable 
 difficulty was being experienced by eastern manufacturers in 
 obtaining sufficient amount of raw material to supply the 
 demand. The cooperation of the Government in assisting 
 manufacturers to get this material was requested. The situ- 
 ation in the West was much better, a number of the manu- 
 facturers in that part of the country being able to make good 
 deliveries on practically any portion of the required amounts 
 which it was found possible to give them. 
 
 It is believed that the work which has been done in con- 
 nection with this item, as well as horseshoe nails, will be of 
 considerable advantage to the Government in the future. 
 
 Shovels 
 
 The demands for the regular styles of long handle and " D " 
 handle shovels and spades from the several bureaus of the War 
 Department were such that the production of the manufactur- 
 ers in the United States was heavily taxed in making deliveries 
 in time to meet schedules. 
 
 Resulting from the shortage of steel which existed during 
 the summer of 191 8, complaints were received from many 
 manufacturers in which it was claimed they were unable to 
 obtain a sufficient supply of handles. It was further stated 
 that the shortage was due largely to the attitude of the owners 
 of timber lands, who were holding their timber (from which 
 handles were made), and it was implied that some of these 
 parties refused to sell because of anticipated higher prices- 
 An army officer was sent from Washington to make an investi- 
 gation of these complaints and they were found to be justified, 
 at least in part, and his recommendation included the com- 
 mandeering of certain portions of the available timber. 
 
 Practically the entire shovel industry in the United States 
 was working on government orders, and owing to the difficult- 
 
Branch Number One 43 
 
 ies of obtaining prompt shipments on contracts, orders were 
 placed with two large shovel manufacturers in Canada. This 
 action aided the Branch materially in securing the necessary- 
 production. 
 
 Prices on shovels advanced from about ten to fifteen per 
 cent during the last month of the war, but practically all of 
 those actually secured for the Government were taken on con- 
 tracts on which the average price was $1.00 each. This price 
 was considerably lower than had been secured previously and 
 was better than the price wihch shovels were bringing in the 
 open market. 
 
 In collaboration with the entire shovel industry of the 
 United States, this Branch formulated a set of specifications 
 which prescribed the grade of steel, the quality of handles, 
 etc., and these specifications were later adopted as standard. 
 
 Axe Handles 
 
 During the months of April, May, and June, 191 8, con- 
 siderable difficulty was experienced in securing a sufficient 
 quantity of axe handles to meet requirements. It was deter- 
 mined that the capacity was sufficiently large to meet govern- 
 ment requirements, but there was not sufficient stock on hand 
 to take care of immediate needs, nor could a sufficient quantity 
 be manufactured during the early months to supply these 
 needs. The result was an apparent delinquency on axe han- 
 dles, and owing to the shortage on hickory, from which the more 
 desirable handles were made, quantities of oak handles were 
 substituted. 
 
 Owing to a large decrease in the quantity required overseas, 
 the condition was much improved during the months of August 
 and September, 19 18, during which time there was sufficient 
 stock on hand and being manufactured to meet all require- 
 ments. 
 
44 " As You Were" 
 
 The price which this office had obtained for high grade 
 handles varied from 16^2 cents to 25 cents. These prices are 
 considered eminently satisfactory and are considerably lower 
 than the manufacturers' regular price to the trade. 
 
 Specifications for axe handles were drawn up by this 
 Division and aided materially in securing uniform and satis- 
 factory grades of handles. 
 
 Athletic Equipment 
 
 In the month of September, 191 8, this Division was 
 designated for the procurement of athletic equipment for 
 the Commission on Training Camp Activities, which had 
 been previously purchased by that Commission. 
 
 Later, orders for athletic equipment of considerable size 
 were sent this Division for purchase on interbureau requisi- 
 tions. Production questionnaires were sent all athletic equip- 
 ment manufacturers in order to obtain the total production as 
 covered by the standardized specifications which were made up. 
 A considerable saving was made by use of these specifications 
 in securing articles as covered by the specifications rather 
 than commercial articles as made by the several manufactur- 
 ers. The total value of contracts on these goods amounted to 
 $552,000. 
 
 Whistles 
 
 Authorizations amounting to 900,000 whistles had been 
 issued up to the signing of the armistice. In the beginning, 
 orders for somewhat over 250,000 had been placed at 21 cents, 
 which was the cheapest price at which they could be secured 
 at that time. On orders from the General Staff, who dis- 
 approved of the specification on several types of whistle, new 
 specifications were drawn for standardization, which met the 
 entire approval of the General Staff. One hundred and forty 
 thousand whistles had been purchased at approximately 15 
 
Branch Number One 45 
 
 cents each and 260,000 at iS]4 cents each, which totaled a 
 considerable saving. 
 
 One-Quart Fire Extinguishers 
 
 At the time the Government first began to buy this type 
 of fire extinguisher, it was necessary to pay $5. each and a 
 fairly large output was available. As this type proved the 
 most efficient for overseas use, an exceedingly large number 
 was required on early deliveries, but as carbon tetr a- chloride 
 is used for the base of the extinguishing liquid, the War Indus- 
 tries Board contemplated withholding clearance for purchases 
 except on overseas use. However, inasmuch as production of 
 this chemical was materially increased, little difficulty was 
 encountered in procuring the total number of extinguishers 
 required, after the capacity of the large manufacturers had 
 been increased. On later contracts it was possible to obtain 
 these extinguishers as low as $4.25 each. Up to the time of 
 the signing of the armistice approximately 400,000 had been 
 contracted for. 
 
 Fire Extinguishers, 2 1 / L -Gallon y Soda and Acid Type 
 
 At first the only difficulty encountered in the procure- 
 ment of this type of fire extinguisher was due mainly to the 
 acute shortage of brass and copper. This extinguisher cost 
 approximately $9.50 each. Later, as the production of the 
 soda and acid type was well taken up, it was necessary to sub- 
 stitute the foam type extinguishers at a price of $14.50 each. 
 Approximately 20,000 had been contracted for up to the sign- 
 ing of the armistice. 
 
 Wagon Jacks 
 
 As the first large requisition for wagon jacks came through, 
 a large shortage was experienced in this item overseas, due to 
 
46 "As You Were" 
 
 the fact that the height of the axle on the various vehicles used 
 by the Army varied considerably, and there was no jack made 
 at that time which was suited for the use of all styles of vehi- 
 cles. This Division adopted a standard type of jack which 
 could be used on three sizes of vehicles. Additional sources 
 of supply were opened and a sufficient number have been sup- 
 plied to meet all requirements. 
 
 Wood Screws, Bright 
 
 Before the consolidation of all procurements was arranged 
 for, there was considerable competition among the various 
 procuring bureaus for their requirements of this commodity. 
 This necessitated buying screws at the minimum price set 
 down by the Steel Institute on this commodity. After the 
 consolidation of procurement, this item was purchased in 
 most instances at prices averaging from ten to twenty per 
 cent below the Steel Institute's minimum price, which effected 
 a considerable saving. 
 
 Whip Lashes 
 
 The old army specifications called for a braided cowhide 
 or horsehide lash, for which it was necessary to pay from 
 75 cents to $1.00 for a four-plait lash and as much as $1.29 
 for an eight-plait lash. The production of this type of lash 
 was very limited inasmuch as the business was dying out at 
 the time war was declared. New specifications were drawn 
 up covering a braided thread lash well coated with glue and 
 shellac, and samples were submitted to the Bureau of Stand- 
 ards. Upon test being made these samples showed that the 
 thread lash was eminently superior to the cowhide and horse- 
 hide lash. The price of the thread type ranged from 44 
 cents to 48 cents, which effected a saving of approximately 
 $75,000.00, 
 
Branch Number One 
 
 Brushes 
 
 47 
 
 Probably one of the articles last thought of in supplying 
 an army going to war is the little thought of, but much needed, 
 brush. To the layman, the word "brush" carries the idea of 
 toothbrush or paintbrush, and one little thinks of the value 
 and number of brushes that are essential to an army in the 
 successful prosecution of an enterprise such as the recent war. 
 
 As a sample of the diversified kinds of brushes that the 
 Army requires, below is mentioned a list that will give some 
 idea of what an important item the brush is to the Army : 
 
 Brushes, Artists' 
 
 Brushes, Band Saw 
 
 Brushes, Bottle 
 
 Brushes, Brick Liner 
 
 Brushes, Bristle 
 
 Brushes, Camel's Hair 
 
 Brushes, Casting 
 
 Brushes, Clothes 
 
 Brushes, Color 
 
 Brushes, Copying, Letter Press 
 
 Brushes, Counter 
 
 Brushes, Cuspidor or Spittoon 
 
 Brushes, Dauber 
 
 Brushes, Dauber, Stencil 
 
 Brushes, Dusting, Painters' 
 
 Brushes, Enameling 
 
 Brushes, File Cleaning 
 
 Brushes, Film, Cement 
 
 Brushes, Flat Varnish 
 
 Brushes, Floor 
 
 Brushes, Floor Waxing 
 
 Brushes, Flooring 
 
 Brushes, Flue Cleaning 
 
 Brushes, Furniture Rubbing 
 
 Brushes, Glue, Beltmakers' 
 
 Brushes, Glue, Iron Handle 
 
 Brushes, Graining 
 
 Brushes, Gun and Rifle Cleaning 
 
 Brushes, Hair 
 
 Brushes, Hand or Vegetable 
 
 Brushes, Hat 
 
 Brushes, Horse 
 
 Brushes, Kalsomine 
 
 Brushes, Lacquering 
 
 Brushes, Lettering and Marking 
 
 Brushes, Molders' 
 
 Brushes, Mottling 
 
 Brushes, Paint 
 
 Brushes, Paint and Varnish 
 
 Brushes, Paper Hangers' 
 
 Brushes, Paste 
 
 Brushes, Plasterers' 
 
 Brushes, Revolver Cleaning 
 
 Brushes, Roofing, Tar 
 
 Brushes, Sash Tool 
 
 Brushes, Scratch, Painters' 
 
 Brushes, Scrub 
 
 Brushes, Shaving or Lather 
 
 Brushes, Ship, Seaming 
 
 Brushes, Shoe 
 
4 8 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 Brushes, Sink 
 Brushes, Stencil 
 Brushes, Stippling 
 Brushes, Tumbler 
 Brushes, Vegetable 
 Brushes, Window Cleaning 
 
 Brushes, Spotting 
 Brushes, Stove 
 Brushes, Tooth 
 Brushes, Varnish and Paint 
 Brushes, Whitewash 
 
 At first sight one might wonder how such an item as an 
 artists' brush might enter into the prosecution of the war, 
 and one might pick out other kinds of specific brushes that the 
 individual would not think would be a necessary item in 
 connection with the progress of the Army, yet each brush 
 plays its part from the toothbrush of the soldier to the camou- 
 flage brush for the ship. 
 
 Brushes are made from many different materials, such as 
 bristle, horsehair, fiber of different kinds, imitation bristle, 
 split quill, etc., but the most important is bristle. This is a 
 product which is produced in the United States in a fraction- 
 ally small quantity in comparison with the amount used. 
 China, Siberia, Russia, and India contribute the bulk of the 
 bristle that has commercial value to-day. It can be readily 
 seen that with the disturbed conditions existing throughout 
 the world, the difficulty that was encountered in attempting to 
 manufacture brushes of all descriptions in large quantities, 
 when the essential material entering into them had to be trans- 
 ported ten to fifteen thousand miles to the manufacturers' 
 hand, was very great. 
 
 Procurement of brushes was made exceptionally difficult 
 on account of no manufacturers in this country making a 
 complete line, the shaving brush manufacturer occasionally 
 making paintbrushes; the hairbrush manufacturer in most 
 cases confining himself to this item and possibly clothes and 
 shoe brushes; the paintbrush manufacturer confining himself 
 to this line, occasionally making shaving brushes, while the 
 horse brush manufacturer rarely ever makes any toilet brushes 
 
Chief of Branch Two planning to beat out 
 Branch One 
 
 Chief of Branch One planning to outdo 
 Branch Two 
 
 Veterans of Branch One in February, rgi9 
 
Branch Number One 49 
 
 and confines himself to horse and possibly household brushes 
 and street brooms. 
 
 From the above it would seem that each individual kind 
 of brush is a line unto itself. Of the toothbrushes used in this 
 country practically not more than 10% are manufactured 
 here, while the balance is the product of Japan, France, Eng- 
 land, Germany, and Austria. In view of the disturbed condi- 
 tions in Europe the four last-mentioned sources of supply were 
 cut off from the Army, leaving this market with its small out- 
 put of the item, and Japan, to fill the great need that had 
 developed. The procurement of this merchandise was handi- 
 capped at one time by an embargo on bristles coming into this 
 country, and by a further embargo on the export of bone to 
 Japan, to whom this country looked for the bulk of its tooth- 
 brushes. 
 
 No shaving brushes containing horsehair, which is known 
 and proven to be a carrier of the much dreaded anthrax germ, 
 were purchased. 
 
 In the early part of the war procurement of brushes was 
 carried out along the line that had been in vogue in the Army ; 
 namely, of purchase by local Quartermaster Depots. This 
 condition, however, finally adjusted itself by locating in this 
 Branch the procurement of all brushes. It has been proven 
 quite conclusively that this change has been a decided advan- 
 tage, and that brushes of all kinds should be bought through 
 one branch. 
 
 In time of war there is a shortage of bristles, and by the 
 procurement of all kinds of brushes in one branch, it can best 
 be decided what brushes are most essential, and the bristle 
 that is at hand can then be used to the best advantage. 
 
 Paint brushes for the Army have been standardized, a 
 catalog prepared with complete descriptions of the items, and 
 complete sample line for reference has been manufactured to 
 match up with the descriptions of the catalog. This will very 
 
50 "As You Were" 
 
 materially aid in the procurement of this item. It is practi- 
 cally impossible to attempt to standardize toilet brushes, due 
 to the fact that there are not enough facilities in this coun- 
 try to manufacture sufficient quantities of standard brushes 
 intended for toilet purposes. The same condition applies to 
 many of the other brushes that have been bought for use during 
 the war. 
 
 Rope, Twine, and Other Cordage 
 
 During the first months following the formation of this 
 Division, rope and twine were bought mainly in conjunction 
 with other hardware items. About the first of July, 191 8, the 
 requirements for manila rope were very heavy, and considerable 
 trouble was experienced in placing the business, inasmuch as 
 manufacturers had large contracts in hand, which had been 
 placed previously and on which they were still working. Pre- 
 vious to that time the material was being bought in the open 
 market on bids received from the various manufacturers on 
 their own particular grades, but now rope was bought on 
 standard specifications which had been drawn up at a meeting 
 of manufacturers in conjunction with representatives of the 
 Government Departments, early in 191 8. 
 
 These specifications called for a very high grade of rope, 
 and were acknowledged to be the most thorough and correct 
 of any rope specifications issued by the Government, inasmuch 
 as they covered the grade of fiber, yardage, strength, percentage 
 of oil, and tests for detecting violation, etc. 
 
 Sisal and cotton rope, cotton twine and jute twines were 
 bought in the open market on the basis of price and quality as 
 covered by samples submitted with bids. Steps were soon 
 taken toward standardizing these commodities. Early in 
 August, 19 1 8, a circular covering the consolidation of procure- 
 ment provided that the procurement of all manila, sisal, cotton, 
 
Branch Number One 51 
 
 and jute ropes and twines for the Army would be in charge of 
 the Hardware and Metals Division of the Quartermaster 
 Corps. This immediately resulted in a vast increase in the 
 quantity of these items to be purchased by this Division and 
 early in September, 191 8, a section was organized for the sole 
 purpose of handling procurement of this class of material which 
 was placed in charge of an expert on cordage. 
 
 Vast quantities of large sizes of rope were requisitioned 
 for overseas for hoisting purposes, to replace steel cable which 
 could not be secured in sufficient quantities. About 5,000,000 
 pounds of manila rope were bought during this month. 
 
 In view of the growing importance of this section and 
 requirements for this material, a method was devised whereby 
 a daily output of all manufacturers was tabulated and it could 
 be immediately determined just what manufacturers could 
 assume in the way of contracts at any given date. Each manu- 
 facturer and dealer in the country was listed to show just 
 exactly what commodity he handled and in what quantity. 
 
 United States Government Standard Specifications were 
 drawn up with the aid of the manufacturers. These speci- 
 fications provided in every case for a high standard of quality 
 and took into consideration different grades of fiber, yardage, 
 strength, test for material, etc. 
 
 The demand for rope of all kinds was exceedingly heavy 
 up to the signing of the armistice. Late in October, 19 18, 
 there was some eleven million pounds to be bought in addition 
 to large quantities of twine, cord, nets, etc. Prices on manila 
 rope, one of the most important items purchased by this 
 Branch, had been quite firmly established, due to the fact 
 that the War Industries Board had placed a restricted price on 
 the fiber. Purchases were made at low prices, considerably 
 better in some cases than those which were being given to the 
 commercial trade. 
 
 Approximately fourteen million pounds of manila rope, 
 
52 "As You Were" 
 
 two million five hundred thousand pounds of halter rope, and 
 two million pounds of cotton and jute twine, etc., have been 
 purchased by this Branch since its foundation. This repre- 
 sents a money value of approximately nine million dollars. 
 
W. F. Fusting 
 
BRANCH NUMBER TWO 
 
 The Small Tool and Chest Branch or Branch No. 2 of the 
 Hardware and Metals Division, later the General Supplies 
 Division, came into existence about June 13, 19 18. On June 
 20th, the personnel in said Branch was seven people. On 
 November 11, 191 8, at the signing of the armistice, the per- 
 sonnel of this Branch was made up of fifty-nine people in 
 Washington, and five additional people at Chest Assembly 
 Adjunct, Bush Terminals, New York, who were under the 
 direct control of this Branch and approximately seventy-five 
 additional people at the Chest Assembly Adjunct, Bush Ter- 
 minals, New York, who were under the control of the Zone 
 Supply Officer at New York. 
 
 In selecting the personnel for this Branch great care was 
 exercised and persons selected were especially fitted to fill 
 each particular position. The major portion of the male part 
 of the personnel was made up of hardware men of known 
 quality, many of the men being of long and particularly varied 
 hardware experience. 
 
 The program of coordinated purchasing was taking form 
 rapidly as of July 1st, and in order to take care of the volumin- 
 ous amount of business that it was considered this Branch 
 would be called upon to handle, it was deemed advisable to 
 organize the Branch on the following basis: namely, Chief, 
 Assistant Chief, Principal Clerk, Liaison Representative, 
 
 53 
 
54 "As You Were" 
 
 Statistician, and Chief Stenographer. The above positions 
 come under the head of Administration. The following 
 buying sections were organized; namely, Section 2A, 2B, 2C, 
 2D, 2E, and 2F, each section being placed in charge of an 
 especially competent expert on edge tools and hand tools. 
 
 The purchase of chests and small tools for same, previous 
 to the organization of the Hardware and Metals Branch, 
 afterwards the Hardware and Metals Division, has been 
 effected by the different Depots and Corps of the Army, which 
 procedure resulted in the Government receiving different 
 types, kinds, and especially different qualities of tools, and 
 resulted also in the Government bidding against itself through 
 different procuring branches of the Army, thereby setting up a 
 very decidedly unnatural competition. By the method of 
 coordinated purchases the above factors were directly under 
 the control of this Branch as applied to the purchase of all tools 
 and cutlery for the Army. 
 
 Since the formation of this branch, it has been the policy in 
 the purchase of tools to procure only reputable manufactur- 
 ers' high grade tools of known standard types and finishes 
 existing at the time of purchase, each tool to bear the name or 
 trade-mark of the manufacturer. It was the policy to procure 
 only the very best hand tool that could be manufactured, as it 
 was believed that the Army should receive the best articles 
 that it was possible for the highest grade manufacturer in the 
 land to manufacture and that the tools should be of the stand- 
 ard commercial shapes and sizes. 
 
 All requisitions and authorizations received were carefully 
 scrutinized and analyzed by the most practical hardware men 
 in the Branch, to be sure that if standard commercial shapes, 
 sizes, and finishes were not specified an investigation should be 
 made to ascertain if it was absolutely essential for the welfare 
 of the Army, that tools other than standard commercial goods 
 be used. The same care was exercised to see that correct 
 
Branch Number Two 55 
 
 quantities were purchased, so that enough and not too much 
 was received, also to eliminate the possibility of unequally- 
 balanced quantities. 
 
 The Chief of this Branch, by virtue of his position, was an 
 active member of the Hardware and Hand Tool Section of the 
 War Industries Board, which section held regular weekly meet- 
 ings each Thursday afternoon. At this meeting all matters 
 applicable to Hardware and Hand Tools for the good of the 
 Army were acted upon. The Branch also had a section that 
 worked constantly with the Hardware and Hand Tool Section 
 of the War Industries Board, so that at all times the Branch 
 assisted the War Industries Board in the execution of the 
 adopted plans and in this manner always worked in thorough 
 harmony with the approved plans of the War Industries Board. 
 By virtue of his position the Chief was also a member of the 
 Army Commodity Section on Hardware and Hand Tools which 
 section had a meeting on Wednesday morning of each week. 
 This Army Commodity Section was made up of a repre- 
 sentative from each Corps of the Army, and at this regular 
 meeting matters cons : dered for the good of the Army were 
 acted upon; and they were also informed as to the results 
 of the previous meeting of the Hardware and Hand Tool 
 Section of the War Industries Board. 
 
 The Chief of this Division was Chairman of this Army 
 Commodity Section, and one or more members of the Small 
 Tool and Chests Branch attended each meeting of this Com- 
 modity Section. This Branch contributed the services of a 
 number of its members to the Standardization Section of the 
 Purchase, Storage, and Traffic Division, and very commend- 
 able results were achieved through their efforts. 
 
 The Chief of this Branch was Chairman of the Standardi- 
 zation Committee on Hand Tools and Tool Chests, and the 
 result of the work of this Committee is outlined and made a 
 part of this report ; he was also chairman of the Standardization 
 
56 "As You Were" 
 
 Committee on garment workers', saddlers', and cobblers' power 
 tools. This committee produced substantial results in this 
 standardizing work. Members of this Branch were also 
 attached to a number of other Standardization Committees 
 on Hardware and Tools and were also members of different 
 Commodity Sections throughout the different Branches 
 of the Army. 
 
 This Branch had one Specialty Section which purchased 
 articles that would not be classed as tools, but which were 
 really articles used in the manufacture of textile equipment, 
 and were known as composition textile hardware for use on 
 such articles as gas masks, pistol holsters, cartridge belts, and 
 similar goods. The Issuing Bureaus on these articles were the 
 Ordnance Department and the Chemical Warfare Service, who 
 issued Interbureau Requisitions on the C & E Division for the 
 complete article. The C & E Division in turn issued requisi- 
 tion on this Division for the hardware wh'ch it was necessary to 
 purchase in time to be shipped to the textile equipment manu- 
 facturer, so that it would be at the plant previous to its require- 
 ment for the finishing up and completing of the equipment. 
 It was necessary under these conditions to exercise the most 
 careful supervision over this particular section because of the 
 special necessity of having material in advance of the actual 
 requirements, as a delay in the manufacture and shipping of 
 this textile hardware to the fabricator's plant would not alone 
 belate the work of the equipment, but would also throw out of 
 employment the educated textile workers. In many cases one 
 small item, minute in size, could hold up a most gigantic pro- 
 gram of textile equipment manufacture. 
 
 The quantity of this textile hardware that the Branch was 
 called upon to procure was enormous. It is believed that 
 forty-five days previous to the signing of the armistice, approxi- 
 mately 500,000,000 pieces were scheduled for purchase, and for 
 delivery within approximately ninety days. As an illustration 
 
Branch Number Two 57 
 
 of what a program so large as that just mentioned means, 
 it is interesting to note that the composition brass wire and 
 sheet brass (exclusive of the cast brass) required to meet the 
 schedule that existed thirty days previous to the signing of the 
 armistice called for approximately one quarter million pounds 
 per working day. 
 
 Many of these small textile equipment items are rather 
 intricate in construction; as an illustration, — the stud fasten- 
 ers that are used in cartridge belts, gas masks, and similar 
 articles are made of eight different kinds of brass and weigh 
 only 4>^ lbs. per ioo pieces. 
 
 This office was called upon to procure 135,000,000 of this 
 one type of fastener, to be produced within approximately 
 ninety days. In order to get the required production on this 
 enormous quantity of fasteners, it was necessary to get one 
 manufacturer to increase his production from 400,000 to 1 ,000,- 
 000 per day within a period of three months, and at the time of 
 the signing of the armistice this manufacturer had succeeded 
 in increasing his production within ninety days to 1,000,000 
 fasteners per day. It was also necessary to get the forty or 
 fifty other manufacturers of this type of special hardware to 
 increase their respective production in similar proportion dur- 
 ing the same length of time. The limiting factor in the execu- 
 tion of this large program was sheet brass and brass wire, due 
 to the fact that the great demand for these two commodities 
 by other corps of the Army had decidedly overtaxed the rolling 
 mill capacity of the land, and before this apparent scarcity of 
 sheet brass and brass wire became a fact, this Branch made 
 every effort in the hopes of increasing the output of brass such 
 as was required; and the day the armistice was signed the 
 efforts put forth, through the cooperation of all of the Bureaus 
 of the War Industries Board resulted in scheduling a sufficient 
 amount of brass during the following two weeks to completely 
 take care of the requirements for textile hardware. When this 
 
58 "As You Were" 
 
 result was effected arrangements were made to have special 
 officers assigned to the different brass rolling mills in the New 
 England States to assist in every way possible to have an early, 
 speedy, and complete inflow of the required brass to different 
 textile hardware manufacturers who had contracts with the 
 Government. 
 
 As an illustration of the requirements of this class of hard- 
 ware, it will be noted that for gas masks, 19,000,000 sets were 
 required ; each set contains eight different articles. In order to 
 take care of this enormous program, and in addition to the 
 action taken to increase the production of brass, this office, as a 
 safe-guard, investigated the possibility of substituting malle- 
 able iron and steel, instead of brass, for the construction of 
 this textile equipment; and, after taking the matter up with 
 proper authorities and submitting data showing the possibility 
 of producing such a substitution, this Branch was advised to 
 arrange for a committee to prepare substitutes on each of the 
 approximately forty items coming under this group. 
 
 As a result of the work of this committee, substitutes were 
 submitted on quite a number of these items, such substitutions 
 being within the range of good manufacturing possibilities, and 
 were under consideration by the committee for adoption at the 
 time of the signing of the armistice. 
 
 It is the opinion of this Branch that consideration should be 
 given to the possibility of substituting malleable iron and steel 
 for this textile equipment, the same being treated withsome rust- 
 proofing finish, as it is believed that research made along this line 
 by the Government would result in the abolition of composition 
 metal ; namely , brass, and adoption of steel and malleable iron on 
 at least a portion of the forty items that come under this group. 
 
 Tool Chests 
 
 When the plan of coordinated purchasing for the Army 
 became effective, the need for standardized tool chests for the 
 

Branch Number Two 59 
 
 Army became forcibly apparent. Each different corps of the 
 Army was purchasing a different type of tool chest containing 
 different kinds and assortments of tools. The contrast be- 
 tween a carpenter's chest as designed by one corps of the Army 
 and one designed by another corps was most pronounced, as 
 to the size of the chest proper, the assortment of tools and the 
 design. This contrast applied to other chests such as saddler's, 
 blacksmith's, etc. 
 
 When this need for standardization became known, a com- 
 mittee to standardize tools and tool chests for the Army was ap- 
 pointed . This committee was made up of one or more members 
 from each corps of the Army, and each person was selected 
 because of his especial fitness to serve on the committee. 
 
 Each corps through its representatives on this committee 
 submitted to them a list of the different tool chests that they 
 were purchasing in quantities. These lists were then carefully 
 considered by the committee and it was deemed advisable, to 
 have sent to one point, a sample of each tool chest then in use 
 in large quantities, by each different department of the Army. 
 These chests being assembled this committee proceeded to go 
 over them very carefully, and to decide whether the good 
 points could not be used and the bad ones eliminated, with the 
 net results that standardized chests might be adopted for the 
 Army which would fill the demands of the different corps. 
 
 At that time, there were approximately one hundred 
 different kinds of chests in use, and the committee after 
 thorough detailed, and careful consideration, adopted the 
 standardized carpenter's, blacksmith's, farrier's, saddler's, 
 electrician's, plumber's, and horse-shoer's emergency chest, 
 reducing the number from approximately one hundred to seven. 
 
 The committee also standardized the contents. For 
 instance, in the case of a draw knife, standard type, size, and 
 grade were adopted to be used by all corps ; also in the case of 
 a hand saw, standard length, number of teeth, type, and grade 
 
6o 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 were adopted for general use. As regards the quality of tools, 
 the committee adopted reputable, standard manufacturer's 
 best grade, each article to bear manufacturer's name and 
 trade-mark, and to be standard type articles, where the largest 
 production could be secured, in case of emergency and at prices 
 in keeping with increased production. 
 
 The standard chests were designed flush so that all project- 
 ing points were removed, thereby conserving space; they were 
 also designed so that they could be most conveniently carried 
 and transported. 
 
 Detailed specifications of the tools to be contained in each 
 of the chests mentioned above have been drawn, and also 
 detailed blueprints and specifications of each of the chests. 
 
 To illustrate the saving effected as regards the storage and 
 shipping space required for the transportation of these chests, 
 there is listed below a comparative table of three of the chests 
 mentioned, showing a saving in the dimensions, storage, and 
 transportation space and also a comparison of the number of 
 tools. This table represents a conservative estimate as applied 
 to the seven chests as they got them. 
 
 It will be noted from the table that there is effected a saving 
 in shipping space of approximately three and a half cubic feet 
 on the new standardized carpenter's chest over the old wood 
 carpenter's chest and a great saving over the old steel carpen- 
 ter's chest. 
 
 Old Steel Carpenter's Chest Old Wood Carpenter's Chest 
 
 Length 39^' 
 Width 30" 
 Height 19" 
 
 Length 35^" 
 Width 18" 
 Height 11^" 
 
 Gross storage space 
 14,915 cu. inches; 
 contents 51 tools; 
 weight 126 lbs. 
 
 Standardized Carpenter's Chest 
 
 Length 32" [Gross storage space 
 Width 82<" 2520 cu. in.; 
 Height 9" contents 48 tools 
 
 Gross storage 
 space 8592 cu. 
 in. ; contents 
 33 tools 
 
Branch Number Two 61 
 
 At the time the armistice was signed, the Army was in the 
 market for approximately 135,000 chests, of the seven stand- 
 ardized types mentioned above. On this specification the new 
 program showed over $4,000,000.00 saving in money and in 
 value of shipping space, and also a saving in assembling chests 
 of seven different types as against assembling of that number 
 of approximately one hundred different types; and also the 
 rapidity of production of the seven different types instead of 
 one hundred distinct types as formerly done. 
 
 The Branch suggested consideration of the possibility of 
 evenly balanced requirements on requisitions. This condi- 
 tion, it is believed, can be brought about through the efforts of 
 a standardization section. To show the importance of evenly 
 balanced requirements and to illustrate the saving that can be 
 effected thereby, a few illustrations of the results of this office 
 along this line are listed below. Requisitions were sent for 
 procurement of the following Tinner's Tools : 
 
 1050 Crimping Machines 2500 Folding Machines 
 
 400 Forming 600 Grooving " 
 
 1200 Burring " 600 Seaming " 
 
 1200 Edging 1200 Beading " 
 
 21,600 Assorted Hand Groovers 
 
 These requisitions did not form a well balanced outfit for a 
 tin shop and after consultation with the leading manufacturers, 
 this office made recommendation that the requisition be made 
 up on the basis of a tin shop unit, such a unit to consist of the 
 following : 
 
 1 Beading Machine 1 Double Seaming Machine 
 
 2 Burring Machines 1 Setting Down " 
 1 Crimping Machine 1 Squaring Shear " 
 1 Edging " 1 Circular Shear " 
 
 1 Folding " 2 Wiring Machines 
 
 2 Forming Machines 2 Tinning Machines 
 1 Grooving Machine 6 Hand Groovers 
 
62 "As You Were" 
 
 It will be noted that in making up a tin shop unit, several 
 machines were added which were not in the original specifi- 
 cations, but such machines were absolutely necessary to bal- 
 ance and secure sufficient machinery for a mechanic to work. 
 It was finally decided to accept this Branch's recommendation 
 to send these tools in the form of units and as each unit would 
 supply sufficient machines for 30 to 40 men, a requisition was 
 sent through for 40 of these units. 
 
 This Branch originally received requisitions for 8750 
 tinner's machines and 2 1 ,600 assorted groovers, and were finally 
 reduced to 680 tinner's machines and 240 assorted groovers, 
 making not only a large saving for the Government but pro- 
 curing what was essential for the operation of a tin shop and 
 giving all the machines necessary for the ordinary requirements. 
 
 This office endeavored at all times to censor all requisitions 
 thoroughly in order to check against duplication in making out 
 requisitions. As an example of what was done in this line the 
 following is noted. 
 
 A requisition came in for : 
 
 530 Sets No. 2 Armstrong Stocks and Dies 
 
 530 
 530 
 530 
 994 
 994 
 994 
 
 No. 2 
 
 No. 2]/ 2 
 
 No. 3 " " " 
 
 cutting from %" to 1" pipe 
 
 " y 2 " to 1 Y A " pipe 
 " y A " to 2" pipe 
 
 Inasmuch as No. 2j4 Armstrong and the %" to 1", the 
 %" to 1%", and the Y A " to 2" were sizes which were fully 
 covered by Armstrong sets No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, this Branch 
 called the attention of the Issuing Bureau to these facts 
 resulting in obtaining a new requisition for the following: 
 
 360 No. 1, Armstrong Stock and Dies 
 
 530 " 2, " " " " 
 
 530 " 3, " " " " 
 
O 
 
 O 
 
 M 
 
 
Branch Number Two 63 
 
 To sum up the transaction, the original requisition called 
 for 5102 sets of stocks and dies and eliminations were made so 
 that the final requisition called for 1420 sets, effecting great 
 saving in space and money with no loss in efficiency or net 
 results. 
 
 About July 4, 191 8, this Branch was informally advised by 
 the Ordnance Department that a large requisition was coming 
 through for a special two-hand wire cutter of overseas design. 
 A blueprint was shown and this Branch immediately proceeded 
 to negotiate with the factories who were most able to execute 
 an order for such wire cutters. 
 
 On August 1st, the formal requisition for approximately 
 1,000,000 of these wire cutters was received by this division 
 and the previous negotiations made by this Branch resulted 
 in being equipped on August 1st, with prices and schedule of 
 production from the most reliable makers of an article of this 
 kind. Additional authorizations were received, bringing the 
 total up to approximately 1,500,000. 
 
 On August 1st, the Chief of this Division and the Chief of 
 the Branch had an interview with the Director of Purchase 
 and laid all facts before him, who in turn submitted same to the 
 Board of Review. On the same day the Director of Purchase 
 authorized the purchase of 300,000 of these special wire cutters 
 without the usual advertising. 
 
 After considerable investigation on the part of the Ord- 
 nance Department and after this Branch had submitted a pro- 
 posed substitute wire cutter smaller in size, easier and cheaper 
 to produce, this office was advised that the A. E. F. demanded 
 the particular and peculiar design of wire cutter, according to 
 their specifications, and this office promptly proceeded to place 
 contracts for the entire quantity required. The cost of these 
 wire cutters was approximately $2.50 each. 
 
 These special wire cutters when finished weighed approxi- 
 mately 2]^. lbs. each. Attention is called to the fact that 
 
64 "As You Were" 
 
 following the receipt of requisitions for wire cutters, this 
 Branch received numerous requisitions for extra parts such as 
 handles, bolts, centering pins, etc., of other types of cutters 
 but has no record of having received any requisitions for extra 
 cutting blades, and the efficiency and effectiveness of this 
 special wire cutter depended very largely upon the cutting 
 blades because the blades were more subject to fracture than 
 any other part of the tool. Special attention is called to the 
 absence of any requirement for extra blades. 
 
 Requisitions were received for 1300 dozen bronze padlocks, 
 size 2 in. Yale type, for overseas shipment. Even though this 
 request called for bronze padlocks, it was considered inadvis- 
 able to ship brass or bronze padlocks overseas for many 
 reasons, the principal one, however, being that bronze and 
 brass were extremely scarce and getting scarcer every 
 moment. Another reason, that it was not economical to 
 furnish the Army with a bronze or brass padlock of this ex- 
 pensive type for their general use. In view of these facts, 
 the matter was taken up and a substitute presented which 
 received approval, and instead of the bronze padlock, a rust- 
 proof hot galvanized or electro-galvanized heavily built, ser- 
 viceable padlock was substituted on this requisition at a 
 saving to the Government on this one order of approximately 
 $11,000. 
 
 At the time the purchase of safety razors and blades was 
 assigned to this Division, it was the practice of the Depots 
 throughout the country to send in many telegrams and letters 
 every day to Washington, requesting immediate shipment of 
 large, medium, and small quantities of safety razors and blades 
 to be shipped to ports of embarkation, as well as to many 
 different points throughout the United States. 
 
 In view of the requirements of the Army on safety razors 
 and blades, it was promptly suggested that in order to satis- 
 factorily equip the Army with razors and blades, it was believed 
 
Branch Number Two 65 
 
 necessary to place one or more large requisitions or orders with 
 the different manufacturers and allow these manufacturers 
 to produce uninterruptedly, and ship to a limited number of 
 distribution points where the items could be drawn out of 
 the Depots by the Distribution Division and shipped in the 
 many different directions requested. This plan was favor- 
 ably considered and adopted, with the result that one requisi- 
 tion was received by this Branch for safety razors and blades 
 calling for approximately 6,000,000 razors and 14,000,000 
 dozen blades. 
 
 Promptly upon receipt of this large requisition, negotiations 
 were started with the different producers, and the requisition 
 was divided equitably between the different manufacturers, 
 with the result that these factories operated to the fullest 
 capacity and all the requirements of the Army were handled 
 with little, if any, delay. 
 
 The above illustrations give a general outline as to the 
 function of this Branch during the war. The illustrations 
 used represent only in a general way the type or variety of 
 conditions that confronted this office and the duties performed 
 by the Branch ; but they by no means represented the quantity, 
 as conditions of a similar character confronted them at all 
 times, and the method of procedure and the results produced, 
 as outlined, represent a matter of unceasing routine in the 
 office. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER THREE 
 
 Branch No. 3, known as the Kitchen and Camp Equipment 
 Branch of the Hardware and Metals Division, was organized 
 between the first and middle of June, 191 8, and on June 20th 
 had a personnel of eight people. Because of the class of ma- 
 terial purchased and the volume of material procured, it was 
 necessary to increase this force materially, and on November 
 11, 1918, the personnel consisted of sixty-one people. 
 
 The total number of requisitions handled by the Branch 
 was 1442, many of which called for the greatest ability obtain- 
 able, and to get results the difficulties of this Branch, as in 
 others, have been great; and among the items produced in 
 great quantities are items that have been originated and 
 designed during the period of the war to fill a newly found 
 want. Among some of the principal items procured by this 
 Branch and the circumstances concerned with the procurement 
 thereof, are the following: 
 
 Marmites 
 
 In May, 19 18, a cable requisition was received from the 
 A. E. F. for 104,000 marmites, which were described as food 
 containers of five-gallon capacity provided with insulated 
 walls, somewhat similar to a fireless cooker. These marmites 
 were used in sending hot food to the men in front-line trenches 
 or in positions where fires for cooking could not be built. 
 
 66 
 
Major W. J. Peck 
 
i. Captain L. Hurd Sanford. 
 4. Captain J. E. Diemer. 
 
 2. M. A. Dunning. 
 5. E. A. Moye. 
 
 3. Captain F. G. Rosin. 
 6. Captain H. E. Loomis. 
 
Branch Number Three 67 
 
 Food placed in these marmites at boiling temperature would 
 remain steaming hot for twelve to fifteen hours. Previously 
 these marmites had been manufactured in France, but the 
 demands grew larger than French manufacturers could supply. 
 Experiments had been conducted but no one was manufactur- 
 ing marmites of this particular type in the United States. 
 
 Within six weeks models had been submitted to Wash- 
 ington, competitive tests held at the Bureau of Standards, 
 six manufacturers were in production, and marmites by the 
 thousand were on their way to our forces overseas. (Acknow- 
 ledgment must be made to valuable assistance from the office 
 of the French High Commission in Washington in determin- 
 ing upon the style of construction best suited for army service.) 
 
 Rolling Field Kitchens 
 
 Although rolling field kitchens were made prior to the war, 
 their use in the Army was practically limited to the new sam- 
 ples prepared for experimental purposes. The Allied govern- 
 ments had purchased kitchens from American firms in large 
 quantities, but the type of construction was not suitable for the 
 requirements of the American Army after we engaged in the 
 war. 
 
 There were about six different types of commercial 
 kitchens, differing in dimensions, weight, capacity, and size of 
 package for shipment, and there could be no possible standard- 
 ization of their use or upkeep when actually in the field. 
 There was no interchangeability of parts, and a kitchen having 
 any essential part that was missing was practically useless 
 unless the part could be obtained from another kitchen made 
 by the same manufacturer. This would require a constant 
 supply of spare parts of the various commercial kitchens 
 which would result in confusion, as many of the types were not 
 well enough known to intelligently order the extra parts re- 
 
68 "As You Were" 
 
 quired, and would also require an immense stock of parts in 
 order to take care of the many different types. 
 
 On the assuming by this Division of the procurement of the 
 rolling field kitchens, immediate steps were taken to standard- 
 ize the kitchen in conformity with the report of the Board of 
 Officers for the purpose of standardization. To effect this, new 
 specifications had to be prepared covering the kitchen and its 
 component parts, with separate specifications for the chassis, 
 driver's seat, boxing and assembling. One hundred and eighty 
 detailed drawings were made, with additional drawings for 
 packing and boxing. Efforts were concentrated on producing 
 the 200-Man Liberty type. This kitchen was of two types — 
 the horse drawn and the motor drawn or " Trailmobile. " 
 
 In general, each kitchen consisted of a stove and limber. 
 The stove contained a bake oven and three kettles. The lim- 
 ber or front cart contained four bread boxes (which were also 
 used as water containers) one cook's chest, four fireless cookers, 
 and four kettles. The fireless cooker permitted the serving 
 of food prepared many hours previously and the ready convey- 
 ing of hot meals direct to the firing line. 
 
 The only change in the animal drawn and the motor drawn 
 types are in the chassis and the driver's seat for the horse 
 drawn. All of the other parts were interchangeable so that 
 any part made by one manufacturer interchanged with the 
 corresponding part made by any other manufacturer. 
 
 Authorizations for the purchase of rolling kitchens were 
 received by this Division on July 9, 19 18, and immediate steps 
 were taken for the procurement in large quantities. Manu- 
 facturers were invited to a conference and invitations for 
 sealed proposals were sent to the various makers. The con- 
 tracts and orders were awarded in July for fifteen thousand 
 complete kitchens, including the necessary cooking and camp 
 utensils, such as knives, forks, spoons, shovels, and axes. 
 
 The paramount idea was to start immediate intensive 
 
M 
 
Branch Number Three 69 
 
 production. Orders were placed with different manufacturers, 
 but in sufficient quantities so as to enable the fabricators to 
 make a progressive acceleration of deliveries. Initial deliver- 
 ies starting at the rate of twenty a day were increased to over 
 two hundred. At two different factories equipment was in- 
 stalled for continuous fabrication on the track conveyor from 
 operation to operation until the finished kitchens, painted 
 and boxed, were delivered to the car for shipment to port of 
 embarkation. 
 
 In order to insure immediate production in the shortest 
 time, the various component parts entering into the construc- 
 tion of the kitchen, that is, kettles, bake pans, tireless cookers, 
 chassis, stove, limber, etc., were let separate in large quantities, 
 which were shipped to assembling points for complete boxing 
 and shipment overseas. The kitchens arrived overseas with 
 all equipment in one package, so that everything arriving on 
 the other side was ready to be delivered to the front. 
 
 The weight of the kitchens was as light as possible consist- 
 ent with their contemplated use and with the general policy of 
 conservation of steel and metal parts. 
 
 The cost of the commercial type of kitchen of substantial 
 make, prior to the purchase by this Division, was from $700 
 to $1050 each, with all equipment, not packed for overseas 
 shipment. The average price of the 200-Man Liberty Kitchen 
 procured by this Division was approximately $500, not packed 
 for overseas. This reduction in cost was accomplished by 
 intensive production made possible by placing orders for large 
 quantities of parts, or for nearly completed kitchens. Procure- 
 ment was made with a view of having the kitchen made in 
 different industrial centers, so that a congestion of freight or 
 unsatisfactory industrial conditions in one locality would not 
 stop the entire production. 
 
 Orders were placed altogether for fifteen thousand motor 
 drawn or Trailmobile type, and ten thousand of the animal 
 
70 "As You Were" 
 
 drawn type. Quantity, production, and shipment had com- 
 menced several months prior to the signing of the armistice, 
 and at this date substantial shipments had been received over- 
 seas; and were it not for the cessation of hostilities, deliveries 
 would have exceeded several times the three thousand kitchens 
 that were required by January i, 19 19. 
 
 Field Bakery Equipment 
 
 Field Bakery Equipment received a great deal of attention, 
 and as it has been the policy of this Division in effecting pur- 
 chases to secure the widest competition possible, and, when 
 circumstances would permit, to secure quotations from one 
 hundred per cent, of the trade, it has been found possible to 
 put into production with manufacturers who were especially 
 equipped to produce that article many items which the makers 
 themselves had not before considered. 
 
 Upon recommendation of the Commanding General of the 
 American Expeditionary Forces, in cablegram 1 158, paragraph 
 5 -A, the Branch developed an interchangeable plate for use in 
 connection with the No. 1 Field Range, and by the use of this 
 the life of the range was trebled. The average purchase price 
 for this interchangeable plate prior to the organization of the 
 Branch, was 61 c. while the present purchase price is 40^40. 
 each. 
 
 The purchasing of Field Bakery Equipment in parts instead 
 of as complete units has effected an enormous saving. A 
 report which follows gives a comparison of the cost in 1917* 
 when all classes of material were notably lower in price than in 
 19 18, and will also give one an idea of what was accomplished 
 along this line. 
 
 The demand for large ranges, such as No. 5 Army Range, 
 had been increased to a point where there was in process of 
 manufacture at the time of the signing of the armistice, 425 
 
Branch Number Three 71 
 
 car loads of one particular range, the contracts being dis- 
 tributed in thirteen different factories and all parts of the 
 ranges interchangeable with the parts made in each of the 
 different factories. 
 
 National Sectional Tent Stoves 
 
 This office, working in conjunction with a Western manu- 
 facturer of stoves, developed a National Sectional Tent Stove 
 which is an improvement over the former Sibley Tent Stove 
 in general use by the Army for several years. This article 
 received the highest recommendation from the Bureau of 
 Standards, and was adopted for all future use by the General 
 Staff. By the introduction of this stove all material waste 
 was eliminated, replacement of burned out portions is possible, 
 and both storage and shipping space is reduced y A per cent, over 
 the former style ; the cost of the improved stove in quantities 
 is fully 15 per cent, under that of the Sibley stove. A sectional 
 steel fire pot and grate for the purpose of burning fuel other 
 than wood to be used in connection with this stove is being 
 perfected at this time. 
 
 Liberty Steel Cots 
 
 At the beginning of the war the specifications, covering 
 steel cots then in use for cantonment and similar purposes, 
 were so drawn that the source of supply, if specifications were 
 literally complied with, was limited to one or two manu- 
 facturers, and the price paid for steel cots under these speci- 
 fications averaged from $3.40 to $3.90. Acting under the 
 instructions of the Chief of the Division this office, with the 
 cooperation of a committee consisting of the leading manu- 
 facturers of the United States in the Spring Bed Industry, pre- 
 pared a set of specifications covering a steel cot, which received 
 
72 "As You Were" 
 
 the unqualified endorsement of one hundred per cent, of the cot 
 industries, and which was adopted by the General Staff as a 
 Standard Army cot for future needs. These specifications 
 were later endorsed by the Marine Corps and also by the Navy 
 Department. • By these specifications all parts of a cot made 
 by any manufacturer were interchangeable with each other, and 
 a better and more substantial article was produced at a very 
 much reduced cost. Subsequent purchases on these speci- 
 fications were made at prices ranging from $3.18 to $3.25, and 
 on the strength of these specifications a contract made prior 
 to the adoption of the specifications was reduced by the War 
 Industries Board 15c. per cot, making a saving of $75 000 on 
 this item alone. 
 
 Folding Steel Hospital Beds 
 
 The standard specifications covering the Liberty Steel 
 Cot were incorporated into the new standard steel folding 
 hospital beds, making this bed interchangeable in all its parts, 
 and were adopted by the General Staff for all future purposes 
 of the Army. Two hundred thousand of these beds were pur- 
 chased for the Medical Corps at a price of $3.75 each, whereas 
 the price existing on all former contracts was $4.50, thereby 
 effecting a saving of $150,000 on this item. 
 
 Steel Barrels 
 
 On or about September 1, 19 18, the purchase of galvanized 
 iron drums, largely used for shipment overseas of aviation 
 gasoline, was transferred from the Fuel and Forage Division 
 of the Quartermaster Corps to the Hardware and Metals 
 Division. At the time of this transfer it was necessary for this 
 Division to procure a quantity of 204,000 of these containers 
 at a rate of approximately 100,000 per month, during the 
 
M 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
M 
 
 rt 
 
Branch Number Three 73 
 
 months of September and October. As the capacity of the 
 steel barrel manufacturers of the United States making this 
 type of barrel was 35,000 per month, considerable difficulty 
 was encountered in securing the required amount. Difficulty 
 was also encountered in securing the necessary steel for the 
 manufacture of these barrels. This, however, was overcome 
 by permitting the manufacturers to increase their capacity, 
 and delivery of the entire requirements of steel barrels was 
 made on November 16, 19 18, slightly less than fifteen days 
 behind the schedule time. ■ 
 
 At the time this Division commenced negotiations for steel 
 barrels, the average price paid by the Government was $9.80 
 each, whereas in the procurement of same by this Division they 
 were enabled to get in close touch with the War Service Com- 
 mittee of barrel manufacturers, and effect a saving of approxi- 
 mately $250,000 by purchasing these barrels at an average price 
 of $8.12. 
 
 House Heating Stoves 
 
 Prior to the entry of this country into the war, the Govern- 
 ment had not been a large purchaser of house heating stoves, 
 and after a severe trial overseas, a heating stove of a standard 
 type was adopted. This type of stove being a commercial 
 type, and purchased under a manufacturer's trade name, it 
 was difficult to secure proper competition; and, as the different 
 manufacturers' stoves necessitated the purchase of different 
 repairs, a good deal of trouble and inconvenience was caused. 
 In view of the quantities required for overseas shipment, and 
 the damage due to breakage in transit, as well as the wear 
 and tear in actual use, a standard type of hot blast stove 
 embodying all the above features of the different makes was 
 adopted, and a saving in price of approximately 20 per cent, 
 through the standardization was realized, 
 
74 "As You Were" 
 
 The adoption of this standard type stove will reduce the 
 necessary automatic repair parts not less than seventy per 
 cent, in addition to producing a more efficient article. 
 
 Scales 
 
 The purchase of all types of portable platform, folding, as 
 well as Spring Balance and Dough (or Counter) scales, was 
 referred to this Division early in the month of June, 191 8. It 
 was found that the War Department had been purchasing this 
 commodity from time to time without the use of a standard 
 specification, and were getting various sizes, styles, and makes 
 of scales with no uniform conformity. 
 
 Specifications were drawn and adopted under date of 
 August 8, 191 8, for Folding Platform Scales of two sizes, having 
 a standard capacity of 500 lbs. for the smaller size and 1000 
 lbs. for the larger size. 
 
 Scales were manufactured by the various contractors with 
 an 18" x 24" platform for the smaller size and 21" x 28" for 
 the larger size. 
 
 Specifications were drawn in detail to conform with the 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards specifications for sensibility, reci- 
 procal and tolerances, issued under date of November 13, 1916, 
 and known as Schedule 61. The construction as well as the 
 finish and marking of the scales was entirely special and scales 
 were constructed in such a way that they could be knocked 
 down and boxed, saving practically thirty per cent, of the cubi- 
 cal contents. The method of boxing was improved so that 
 upon arrival overseas there was practically no breakage. 
 
 The result obtained from adopting the uniform speci- 
 fications made it necessary for the Government to reduce the 
 price with the manufacturer on 2000-pound Portable Plat- 
 form Scales from approximately an average price of $60 to $50, 
 and secure a better article. On the 1000-pound capacity scale 
 
Branch Number Three 75 
 
 reduction was made from an average price of $36 each to an 
 average price of $28 each. On the Folding Platform Scale 
 the price was reduced from an average of $44 to an average 
 of $34 each. 
 
 Deliveries on the above type of scale for the months of 
 September, October, and November were equal to the capacity 
 of all manufacturers in position to manufacture these types 
 during that period of time, all deliveries being made in accord- 
 ance with schedule. 
 
 Cooking Utensils and Kitchenware 
 
 The purchase of Cooking Utensils is one of the most impor- 
 tant items purchased by this Branch. From June 20, 191 8, 
 to November 11, 191 8, approximately four hundred requisi- 
 tions had been handled covering enamel steel ware, metal ware, 
 kitchen and camp equipment. 
 
 The matter of enamel cooking ware was taken up and sub- 
 jected to scientific test by a Committee. The shapes of cook- 
 ing kettles were changed from bulged to straight shapes, saving 
 one operation in manufacture, and also establishing a great 
 saving in material used. 
 
 The gauge of the cooking utensil was established, together 
 with the enamel coating, with the idea of toughening the ware for 
 cooking purposes on a more lasting basis. Tests were made to 
 establish the wearing qualities, and specifications were drawn 
 covering the enamel coating, the inspection requirements, sud- 
 den heating and cooling tests, solubility tests, and impact tests. 
 
 The ware decided on was a cobalt blue enamel coating 
 containing 4 / I0 of 1% of black oxide of cobalt, the coating to be 
 free from blisters, cracks, chips, and fish scales. These tests 
 were made in order to establish the most lasting enamel cook- 
 ing ware that would be free from compounds of arsenic, lead, 
 antimony or other poisonous or deleterious substances. 
 
76 "As You Were" 
 
 A meeting of the enamel ware manufacturers was called in 
 New York City and arrangements made so that all factories 
 could enter into competition on this grade of ware. 
 
 Specifications for the cooking kettles most commonly used 
 throughout the Army were drawn and submitted to the princi- 
 pal metal ware manufacturers all over the country who were 
 called upon to submit samples and prices. Taking a 12-quart 
 cooking kettle as a basis, the price was reduced by competition 
 from $1.45 to 88c. 
 
 In establishing this new method of enamel, this Division 
 was in a position to invite comparison from thirty-nine differ- 
 ent bidders, whereas under the old style of gray mottled ware 
 it would have been possible to secure bids from only about 
 twenty-one. 
 
 Requisitions covering approximately eight million pieces of 
 enamel cooking utensils passed through this Branch. These 
 items included anything and everything used in camp and 
 army life in the form of cooking ware. 
 
 The standard Army Boilers, such as are used on the regu- 
 lation army range, came in for a great deal of consideration. 
 About fourteen manufacturers were induced to create facilities 
 for making these boilers under machine methods, in order to 
 increase the output. Camps were visited and the boilers that 
 had been in daily use were studied and examined, with a view 
 of making improvements and trimmings. In order to conserve 
 block tin it was considered advisable to reduce the tin coating 
 from No. 7 A to 2 A charcoal plate. By suggesting modern 
 methods of manufacture of piece tin ware boilers, the price 
 was reduced approximately thirty-five per cent, and the pro- 
 duction greatly increased. The price was established by com- 
 petitive bidding from about thirty tin ware manufacturers. 
 
 Approximately two hundred thousand round and square 
 boilers were purchased, ranging in size from five to twenty 
 gallons. The schools for cooks and bakers at the different 
 
-pteaift' 
 
 ' s tics 
 
 After hours the Two Rivals matched (pennies?) before a large gallery 
 
 "W. B." keeping the girls busy 
 
Branch Number Three 77 
 
 camps, principally Camp Meade and Camp Merritt, were being 
 constantly visited and a study made of the cooking utensils 
 and general equipment in constant use so that from time to 
 time improvement could be suggested to increase the wearing 
 qualities of the different items. Samples of enamel ware were 
 submitted to Camp Meade and a study of the wearing qualities 
 made from the actual test in use, after which specifications were 
 drawn up covering the several items of enamel cooking ware. 
 
 During the first few months of the war five or six sizes of 
 dish pans were being used, and from constant study in the 
 different camps the number of sizes was reduced to two, this 
 being considered ample for all requirements. 
 
 The matter of Bakery Equipment was taken up through 
 tests made and visits to the camps to see the utensils in actual 
 use. A great many improvements were worked out, substitut- 
 ing wherever possible seamless body goods for seam goods, in 
 order to improve the sanitary conditions of the cooking utensils. 
 Flour sieves that had formerly been made with four or five 
 seams were made with a seamless rim so as to prevent the 
 accumulation of grease in the seams. 
 
 Tests of refrigerators were made, including sizes used by 
 the Army and known as 
 
 non-commissioned officers' refrigerators" 
 small officers' refrigerators" 
 large officers' refrigerators ' ' 
 company size" 
 standard size." 
 
 A great many improvements were worked out along sanitary 
 lines and the improve styles destablished a great saving in the 
 quantity of ice used, and better sanitary conditions in the 
 preservation of food. 
 
 For the ration boxes for overseas assembled at the different 
 
78 "As You Were" 
 
 depots, over four million can openers were purchased. Ap- 
 proximately one hundred bidders were brought into competition 
 on this item, and a large quantity of samples submitted. After 
 a thorough examination of all of the samples and a comparison 
 made on quality and durability tests, orders were placed with 
 several of the factories at prices ranging from 2^ to 2}4c. each. 
 
 Approximately one million mop handles and a like quantity 
 of cotton mop heads have been purchased through this Branch, 
 and, on account of the cotton market, new facilities for the 
 manufacture of mop heads had been created. Bids were 
 invited from every mop manufacturer in the United States, 
 large and small. 
 
 Hundreds of thousands of galvanized pails have been 
 procured through this office, competition being particularly 
 keen on this item. Severe tests were made in order to deter- 
 mine the wearing quality of the pails, and prices were submitted 
 by practically every metal manufacturer in the country. 
 
 Skimmers, ladles, cooking forks, egg beaters, nutmeg 
 graters, vegetable graters, and the small items of cooking ware 
 have been purchased in enormous quantities. The decision in 
 purchasing in most cases was made after a comparison of the 
 samples submitted. In one instance over forty samples of 
 meat forks were submitted, and fifty samples of skimmers. The 
 price paid for skimmers was 27^0. for the regulation army type. 
 Bids were received from some manufacturers as high as 60c. 
 
 Thousands of colanders, flour sieves, and wash basins have 
 been procured, many new manufacturers having been induced 
 to go into this line of manufacture, a great part of the work 
 being by hand. 
 
 Through its co-operation, this branch kept in close touch 
 with deliveries of these enormous quantities, and compara- 
 tively little trouble was experienced in the shipment of cooking 
 utensils. 
 
 In addition to purchasing, the various branch and section 
 
Branch Number Three 
 
 79 
 
 heads served on numerous standardization committees, and 
 their efforts in standardizing articles with which they were 
 familiar, should prove one of the greatest achievements. 
 
 Comparison of Prices Paid and Savings Effected by Hardware and Metals 
 Division on Certain Purchases Made during the Last Half of 191 8 
 as Compared with Prices Paid by Other Purchasing Bureaus during 
 Last Half of 19 17. 
 
 Article 
 
 Former 
 Costs 
 
 Alamo Attachment for F. R. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 Dough Troughs 
 
 Dam Boards 
 
 Elbows, 4", 24 gauge 
 
 Stove pipe, 4", 24 gauge. . . 
 
 Field Ranges No. 1 
 
 Field Ranges No. 2 
 
 Boiling Plates for Field 
 
 Range No. 1 
 
 Boiling Plates for Field 
 
 Range No. 2 
 
 Field Bake Oven No. 1. . . . 
 
 1 A Oven Fronts 
 
 2A Oven Backs 
 
 3 A Sides of Oven Left. .... 
 4A Sides of Oven Right. . . . 
 
 5A Trench Covers 
 
 6A Oven Covers 
 
 7A Lower Pipes 
 
 8A Upper Pipes 
 
 9A Hooded Elbows 
 
 10A Chambers 
 
 11A Chambers 
 
 12A Chambers 
 
 Instruction Plates for extra 
 
 Fronts Plates 
 
 Cots 
 
 Bedsteads 
 
 Interchangeable Protectors 
 
 Plates 
 
 Sibley Tent Stoves 
 
 Czecho-Slovak 
 
 Tent Shields 
 
 Steel Cots 
 
 Folding Hospital Beds. . 
 Army Ranges, No. 5 
 
 H & M Div. 
 Costs 
 
 1917 
 
 3-03 
 
 14.00 
 
 1.09 
 
 .30 
 
 .246 
 
 28.76 
 
 18.70 
 
 3-23 
 
 324 
 296.00 
 20.01 
 20.94 
 20.60 
 20.60 
 
 21-95 
 5.02 
 1.86 
 
 1-43 
 
 2.66 
 
 53-83 
 33-20 
 31.20 
 
 1.40 
 3-75 
 8.50 
 
 .61 
 
 2.56^ 
 
 •33 
 
 340 
 
 4-50 
 
 94.00 
 
 1918 
 
 2.04 
 12.50 
 
 •95 
 .09 
 
 .18 
 20.25 
 
 11.71%: 
 
 2.93 
 
 2.89 
 206.25 
 13-85 
 17-15 
 15-35 
 15-35 
 19.61 
 
 4-56 
 .96 
 
 .83 
 1.82 
 
 43-90 
 30.15 
 25.70 
 
 •75 
 3-19 
 7-35 
 
 ■40H 
 
 1.98 
 
 .14K 
 
 3.25 
 
 3-75 
 
 87.28 
 
 Difference 
 
 •99 
 1.50 
 
 .14 
 
 .21 
 
 .066 
 8.51 
 6.98^ 
 
 •30 
 
 •35 
 
 39-75 
 
 6.16 
 
 37o 
 5-25 
 5-25 
 2-34 
 
 .46 
 
 .88 
 
 .60 
 
 •84 
 9.92 
 
 3.05 
 5-50 
 
 •65 
 
 •56 
 
 1. 15 
 
 .20% 
 
 • 58K 
 
 •15 
 
 •75 
 
 6.72 
 
 Quantity 
 
 1.544 
 
 1,110 
 
 1,110 
 
 20,000 
 
 85,000 
 
 5425 
 13,500 
 
 2,630 
 
 I.3I5 
 
 3,866 
 
 3,920 
 
 5,200 
 
 3,515 
 
 3,515 
 
 10,840 
 
 4,760 
 
 6,970 
 
 6,970 
 
 6,970 
 
 n,905 
 
 11,035 
 
 15,979 
 
 34 6 ° 
 
 1,000 
 
 202 
 
 39763 
 
 10,000 
 
 29,580 
 
 500,000 
 
 200,000 
 
 2,226 
 
 Total 
 
 5 1,528.56 
 
 1,665.00 
 
 I55-40 
 
 4,200.00 
 
 5,610.00 
 
 46,166.75 
 
 94,263.75 
 
 789.00 
 
 460.25 
 
 34 6 ,973-50 
 
 24,147.20 
 
 19,708.00 
 
 18,453-75 
 
 18,453-75 
 
 25,365.60 
 
 2,189.60 
 
 6,133.60 
 
 4,182.00 
 
 5,854-8o 
 
 118,079.60 
 
 33,656.75 
 87,884.50 
 
 2,249.00 
 560.00 
 232.30 
 
 8,052.01 
 
 5,825.00 
 
 5,398.35 
 
 75,000.00 
 
 150,000.00 
 
 14,958.72 
 
 1,128,214.74 
 
 Dated Jan. 7, 1919. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER FOUR 
 
 Branch No. 4, known as the Office Equipment and Sun- 
 dries Branch, was organized about August 1, 19 18. 
 
 The total number of recommendations to purchase made 
 by this Branch up to the time of the signing of the armistice 
 was about 1300, and the total cost was approximately $9,000, - 
 000.00. 
 
 The list of articles assigned to this Branch for purchase 
 amounted to about 250, including practically every item of 
 office equipment from pins to typewriters, as well as many 
 articles of an allied nature. In addition, musical instruments 
 were assigned to this Branch. 
 
 Some of the items purchased by this Division, and the 
 circumstances connected with same, are as follows : 
 
 Musical Instruments 
 
 Facing the problem of enormous increases in band require- 
 ments, coupled with most limited American facilities for the 
 manufacture of musical instruments, this Branch, through 
 the familiarity of its personnel with the market, was able to 
 make successful negotiations for approximately 143,000 musi- 
 cal instruments, which were secured at a saving of about 
 $500,000 less than the prices at which the government had been 
 able hitherto to obtain. Recommendations were made by 
 this Branch for changes in the specifications of many instru- 
 ments to conform to musical standards of to-day. By elimin- 
 
 80 
 
Major George H. Richards 
 
Branch Number Four 81 
 
 ating unnecessary marking and engraving, the aggregate 
 saving was substantial. Suggestions were made for improving 
 the method of repairing instruments, and better technical field 
 assistance. 
 
 Sheet Music for Bands 
 
 One of the most interesting incidents which transpired 
 during the work of Branch 4, was the purchase of $50,000.00 
 worth of sheet music for the use of the bands overseas. This 
 was the largest single purchase of this class of music that the 
 world has ever known. 
 
 When the call was received from overseas, it contained the 
 request that the shipment should be made promptly. The 
 task, however, was one of great difficulty, even if the need 
 of hurried action had not been included. The music was 
 intended for distribution to the bands of the A. E. F. These 
 numbered about 390. It was accordingly decided to arrange 
 for the purchase of 400 complete sets, each set to comprise a 
 copy of each number selected. 
 
 After careful thought, it was deemed desirable to form a 
 special committee of three well-known authorities in the mus- 
 ical world, especially identified with a certain class of music, 
 one to represent the ceremonial numbers, one the concert 
 pieces, and one the popular selections. Upon request of the 
 Chief of the Branch, Lieutenant R. C. Deming, Band Master 
 at Camp Meigs, was detailed to the committee to have charge 
 of the ceremonial numbers, and Sergeant Irving Berlin, at that 
 time attached to the U. S. Guard, New York City, was detailed 
 on special duty with the Branch, to have charge of the popular 
 numbers. Mr. Ward Stephens, the well-known composer, 
 organist, and accompanist, accepted an invitation to become 
 the third member of the committee to have charge of the con- 
 cert numbers. 
 
82 "As You Were" 
 
 The committee, thus formed, held many sessions in New- 
 York, during which time they called to their assistance in 
 conference all of the prominent printers. The members of the 
 committee spent many days and nights in their work, with 
 the cordial cooperation of the different publishers and music 
 printers. Mr. Stephens was particularly active and deserving 
 of credit. The amount ultimately expended was $49,772.16 
 and the number of selections 333, composed of 172 concert, 
 43 ceremonial, and 118 popular. 
 
 The prices at which these were thus purchased represented 
 great sacrifices on the part of both publishers and printers. 
 This response was a very exalted patriotic tribute on the part 
 of both of these trades to the pleasure and inspiration of the 
 boys overseas. 
 
 The music was sent forward in three shipments, each ship- 
 ment being composed of four hundred cases, each case contain- 
 ing a full select'on of the numbers and a record of the contents, 
 so that as each shipment was received in France, the cases 
 could be distributed to the various bands without any special 
 handling or assorting. This was rendered possible by the 
 very able way in which the material was received, assorted, 
 checked, and packed by the Zone Supply Officer, New York, 
 the work being during the entire time under the supervision of 
 Sergeant Berlin and a staff of technical musical assistants who, 
 at his request, contributed their services for this purpose. 
 
 The handling of this requisition established a record for the 
 Quartermaster Corps in the matter of purchase, packing, and 
 dispatch of goods. 
 
 The authorization was received by this Branch on October 
 16, 1918. The first shipment was actual'y floated on No- 
 vember 15, 19 1 8. There were, therefore, thirty days consumed 
 in organizing the committee, holding the necessary confer- 
 ences, arranging for the purchase and delivery, assorting and 
 packing, and actual delivery on steamer. All of this work was 
 
Branch Number Four 83 
 
 handled directly by the members of this Branch, both here 
 and in New York. 
 
 Typewriters and Adding Machines 
 
 During the year 19 18, the question of an adequate supply 
 of typewriters for the needs of the Army became very serious. 
 The large numbers required for the use of the many new 
 Departments in Washington and elsewhere, created a situation 
 which called for very careful handling, inasmuch as the de- 
 mands were taxing the total output of the country to the 
 utmost limit. 
 
 In the early days of August, the typewriter industry organ- 
 ized a War Service Committee, under the general direction of 
 the United States Chamber of Commerce. This War Service 
 Committee became affiliated with the Miscellaneous Section of 
 the War Industries Board. Branch 4 was called into the 
 negotiations which followed. As a result of the cooperation 
 which was thus effected, a policy of allocation of the output of 
 all of the factories of the standard models was arranged. By 
 this means, this Branch was able to arrange for the purchase 
 and distribution of the machines as called for in a way which, 
 while not meeting all of the needs, still provided for as satis- 
 factory a distribution of the typewriters available as conditions 
 would permit. 
 
 From the last of August until the signing of the armistice in 
 191 8, typewriters to the number of 25,955 were purchased. 
 One of the authorizations called for 11,300 machines. This is 
 the largest typewriter order ever placed. 
 
 The same general conditions which surrounded the pro- 
 duction, purchase, and distribution of typewriters, applied in a 
 less serious degree to adding machines. One order was placed 
 for 515 for the use of the A. E. F. This is the largest single 
 order of adding machines ever placed. 
 
84 "As You Were" 
 
 Shipping Tags 
 
 This office was called upon to supply many millions of ship- 
 ping tags in the period between August I, 191 8, and the signing 
 of the armistice. 
 
 It was the custom of the various branches of the Army to 
 use shipping tags made of linen on account of the durable 
 quality. Under normal conditions, a linen tag is entirely in 
 order. However, during the period of the war, industries were 
 very much disturbed, and linen was utilized for much of the 
 equipment used by the American Forces overseas and domestic, 
 as well as essential commodities for export to the Allied armies. 
 
 In view of the scarcity of linen and its utilization for more 
 essential purposes, this office arranged to substitute for a linen 
 shipping tag — a tag known in the trade as Rope. This latter 
 tag, it was found by testing, would meet all the requirements as 
 regards service and durability overseas, and effect a consider- 
 able saving. 
 
 This state of affairs was accordingly brought to the atten- 
 tion of the Director of Purchase and Storage and authority 
 was obtained dated September 27, 1918, "to procure tags, 
 Rope stock, in lieu of linen. " 
 
 The saving thereby effected by this substitution is exempli- 
 fied in the following figures : 
 
 Cost Linen Cost Rope Saving in Cost 
 
 RQ-2578; HM-1218 $20,760.92 $10,871.92 $ 9,889.00 
 
 RQ-2579; HM-1219 12,779.40 6,927.78 5,851.62 
 
 RQ-2580; HM-1220 2,791.29 1,782.39 1,008.90 
 
 Total saving $16,749.52 
 
 Office Pins 
 
 In the period between August 1, 19 18, and the signing of 
 the armistice, authorizations were received for the purchase 
 of approximately five hundred million pins. 
 
Branch Number Four 85 
 
 The metal required for furnishing this large quantity was 
 not in possession of any of the Pin Manufacturers in the United 
 States. It was necessary to arrange a meeting between the six 
 largest manufacturers in the country, and assistance was 
 obtained from the War Industries Board whereby they were 
 enabled to receive priorities for the metal required. 
 
 Following this, and for the reason that no single manu- 
 facturer could handle these large contracts alone, the manu- 
 facturers were again brought together and it was arranged 
 that they all pool their metal and collectively undertake to fill 
 the requirements and make a price to the Government on a 
 basis of actual cost plus ten per cent, profit. 
 
 The manufacturers entirely cooperated with the Govern- 
 ment in this manner and a contract was placed with one of the 
 firms for the entire quantity called for which undertook to 
 allocate to the other manufacturers such quantities as their 
 plant facilities could handle. 
 
 In this exceptional manner of handling the pin situation, 
 the Government was able to arrange for an unusually large 
 number of pins at a low price not otherwise obtainable, and at 
 the same time, did not disturb to any appreciable extent the 
 commercial markets for this commodity. 
 
 Mimeograph Paper 
 
 When Branch 4 took over the purchase of paper, the 
 Government had under contract a quantity of mimeograph 
 paper at 9^c. per pound. This mimeograph paper was an all- 
 sulphite bleached sheet, very soft, and would not permit of 
 being written on in ink. As a consequence, for such mimeo- 
 graph paper as required ink insertions, it was necessary to 
 purchase an additional quantity of a sulphite bond paper. 
 After considerable experimentation, in conjunction with the 
 Department of Agriculture and the War Industries Board, it 
 
86 "As You Were" 
 
 was found that ordinary white news would answer the purpose 
 equally as well for the Bulletin mimeograph, and butcher's dry 
 finish for the form paper. The comparative pr'ces were less 
 than half of the cost of the mimeograph paper as originally 
 employed, and indicated a saving of $106,000.00 per month. 
 The added advantage of the butcher's dry finish was that it was 
 a sized paper, waterproof, which permitted of its use for field 
 orders under the most exacting weather conditions. 
 
 Toilet Paper 
 
 At the time Branch 4 took over the purchase of toilet paper, 
 it was found that considerable indiscriminate purchasing had 
 been done. It readily appeared that for several reasons it was 
 necessary to devise a new package of toilet paper, and in con- 
 sequence a package was devised to contain 100 sheets flat, with 
 a Kraft paper back. This package was such that 200,000 
 sheets of toilet paper could be put into a case of five cubic feet, 
 whereas, a case of 2000 sheet rolls occupied approximately 
 eight cubic feet of space, resulting in a saving of three cubic 
 feet per case. Inasmuch as the estimated requirements of 
 the Army at the time of the signing of the armistice were 
 35,000 cases per month, this improved package would have 
 saved 105,000 cubic feet per month. It is difficult to est 'mate 
 this in dollars and cents. Commercial rates of transportation 
 were in excess of $2.00 per. cubic foot, and by very good 
 authorities it was estimated at the time that, if a dollars and 
 cents computation could be arrived at on the value of space 
 to the Government, it would not have been less than $7.50 
 per cubic foot. On this basis, there was an indicated saving 
 by this smaller package alone, of approximately $9,000,000. 
 per year. In this case of toilet paper, a plan was formulated, 
 whereby all the manufacturers were called together in a meet- 
 ing, and all agreed to accept a price which indicated a very 
 
Branch Number Four 87 
 
 small margin of profit above the actual cost of manufacturing, 
 and which was some $4.00 or $5.00 per case less than the exist- 
 ing market price. Aside from the matter of space, the actual 
 net saving in cost to the Government would have approxi- 
 mated $1,500,000 per annum. 
 
 Waterproofing Paper 
 
 Considerable experimentation was made in the matter of 
 waterproofing paper, and it was found that the ordinary flat 
 waterproofing paper was not adaptable to power baling, and 
 if a paper could be devised which would bear up under power 
 baling, bales could be not only pressed into a smaller content, 
 but could be more rapidly made. This resulted in the creation 
 of a paper known as creped and corrugated, which gave a 
 stretch of 30% one way and 10% the other way, and eventu- 
 ally this paper was brought down to a basis of less cost than the 
 flat sheet heretofore employed, which resulted in a saving of at 
 least one cubic foot per bale, and permitted the Atlantic Ter- 
 minal Branch at Brooklyn to bale approximately 200,000 bales 
 per month under power. Inasmuch as the cost of power bal- 
 ing was probably 15c. to 20c. per bale cheaper, this saving, 
 added to the saving in space, amounted to many million 
 dollars annually. It is difficult to compute the extent to which 
 the paper section was responsible for this saving, but it is a 
 fact that the cooperation of the paper section at least served 
 to assist toward making this tremendous saving possible. 
 
 Waxed Paper 
 
 General Pershing determined to bake his own hard-bread 
 in France. One million pounds of hard-bread were being 
 consumed daily, and the custom had been to put this hard- 
 bread up into cartons on this side, shipping same overseas. 
 
88 " As You Were " 
 
 Over fifty per cent, of the cubic space required for this could be 
 saved by shipping only the flour, baking the bread on the other 
 side, and packing same on the other side With this idea in 
 view, this Branch purchased the waxed paper and waxed board 
 for the manufacturer of cartons in France. This purchase was 
 made considerably under existing market prices. As a matter 
 of fact, the best quotation obtained was 2%c. per pound 
 more than the price at which the manufacture was finally 
 arranged. There were 168,000 pounds of the waxed tissue, 
 and 143,000 pounds of the waxed board required monthly. 
 The saving was effected largely by the Government negotiating 
 for the paper independently of the converting process. 
 
 Office Furniture 
 
 During the pre-war period there was perhaps as much if not 
 more steel office furniture, particularly filing cabinets, in use 
 as wood. However, the necessities of war required all the 
 available steel for the manufacture of munitions, and this 
 section was requested to substitute wood wherever possible in 
 its purchase. 
 
 Oak lumber, which is used almost exclusively in the manu- 
 facture of commercial furniture, was also becoming very scarce 
 on account of the use of this particular wood in the building of 
 ships. 
 
 However, in spite of the fact that the order requesting the 
 substitution of wood for steel put a sudden demand on an 
 already depleted lumber stock, this Branch, with the assistance 
 of the manufacturers, was able to fill all authorizations in a 
 very satisfactory manner. 
 
 Army Trunk Lockers 
 
 Shortly after the armistice an order was issued increasing 
 the baggage allowance of officers and enlisted men returning 
 
Branch Number Four 89 
 
 from overseas. This action necessitated the immediate secur- 
 ing of an adequate supply of trunk lockers to be sold to the 
 officers and enlisted men desiring them. 
 
 In order that there might be no unnecessary delay several 
 of the larger trunk manufacturers were called to Washington 
 and requested to submit samples of trunks which could be 
 supplied most promptly. 
 
 By allowing some slight modifications from the standard 
 specifications, changes which did not materially affect the 
 strength of the trunk, it was possible not only to secure very 
 prompt deliveries, but an average saving of one dollar per 
 trunk was made possible, this saving accruing directly to the 
 purchasers of the trunks. 
 
 Field Desks 
 
 On August 27, 19 18, this Branch received an authorization 
 to purchase 94,942 small field desks, and 20,793 large field 
 desks. September 16, 1918, another authorization for 72,490 
 small field desks was issued. In both of these instances this 
 Branch, by reason of its own efforts, obtained information to 
 the effect that there was a sufficient stock of these desks de- 
 livered to the various depots and on order at the factories to 
 take care of all present and immediate future requirements, 
 and by reason of the judgment and care exercised by this 
 Branch in connection with authorizations of this character, this 
 office was able to save the Government approximately $i,735r 
 000.00 as well as valuable space in the various warehouses 
 which was badly needed for other supplies. 
 
 About this same time the Adjutant General of the Army 
 authorized the preparation of a new desk for use at head- 
 quarters of regiments and similar units, to be supplied in place 
 of the present large field desk. 
 
 This Branch a 1 so prepared the specifications for this new 
 
90 "As You Were" 
 
 desk and offered some valuable suggestions in the way of 
 construction and standardizing the component parts used in 
 connection with their construction, making it possible to obtain 
 them readily by competitive bids in the open market. 
 
 This new desk was specially designed to accommodate 
 new forms issued for the records, etc., of regiments and similar 
 units, and also has a compartment for the accommodation of a 
 portable typewriter. 
 
 The adoption of this desk will not only effect a saving in 
 space but it is estimated that a saving of approximately $7.00 
 per desk will be made. 
 
 The Chief of the Office Furniture Section was appointed 
 chairman of the Sub-Committee of Standardization of Army 
 Desks and Lockers, revised and prepared specifications for 
 Field Desks for Companies and Regimental Headquarters. 
 
 Wrist Watches 
 
 An authorization was received in this office dated December 
 7, 1918, for 11,600 Wrist Watches of a specific make. These 
 were for overseas sale at the Canteens. 
 
 The price heretofore paid for this type of wrist watch was 
 $3.60, but this Branch arranged for the purchase of a watch 
 of identical construction for $2.20, effecting a saving of 
 $11,136.00 on this particular authorization. 
 
i. Major Earl A. Darr. 2. Major W. R. Batcheller. 3. Major J. H. Curtin. 
 
 4. Major Thomas M. Lynch. 5. Major Joseph Odlin. 6. Major H. D. Moore. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER FIVE 
 
 Branch No. 5, or Contract and Purchase Branch of the 
 Hardware and Metals Division, later General Supplies Divi- 
 sion, was created on July 17, 19 18, by Office Order No. 506, 
 dated July 17, 19 18, issued from the office of the Quarter- 
 master General of the Army. On July 29, 1918, this Branch 
 was divided into two sections by H &. M Order No. 67, con- 
 stituted as follows : 
 
 Contract Preparation Section 
 Contract Approval Section 
 
 The personnel of the Contract Preparation Section numbered 
 seventeen people, and the Contract Approval Section, seven 
 people. All Contracts, Purchase Orders, and Correspondence 
 pertaining thereto, of the Hardware and Metals Division, were 
 prepared in this Branch. At the time of the signing of the 
 armistice, November 11, 191 8, the personnel of this Branch 
 consisted of four commissioned officers, one enlisted man, and 
 sixty-one civilians. 
 
 Procedure 
 
 Recommendations to purchase are received and receipted 
 for in the Contract Preparation Section, and promptly checked 
 by various people for errors and then turned over to the stencil 
 cutters to make forms for Purchase Orders and Contracts, 
 
 91 
 
92 "As You Were" 
 
 which are required. As soon as stencils are completed they 
 are placed upon the mimeograph machine, sufficient copies 
 mimeographed, after which copies are compared with recom- 
 mendation and thoroughly checked in order to see that they 
 correspond. 
 
 Purchase Orders or Contracts are then turned over to the 
 assembling room for attaching such letters, forms, etc., as are 
 necessary. Completed forms of Purchase Orders or Contracts 
 are then submitted to Contract Approval Section to be checked 
 as to form, legality, amount of bond, if any, etc., and finally 
 submitted to the Purchasing Officer for his signature; and in 
 the case of Purchase Orders, are immediately mailed to the 
 manufacturer for execution. If a Contract, same is forwarded 
 to the Board of Review for approval and then forwarded for 
 execution, after being signed by the Purchasing Officer of this 
 Division. 
 
 The Contractor, upon receiving all copies of the Contract, 
 signs same, gives and attaches the required bond, etc., and 
 returns same to the Contracting Officer of this Division, where 
 they are again reviewed as to correctness of bond, proper 
 execution; and if approved, the Purchasing Officer signs the 
 required number of copies of Contract, and Contractor's copy 
 thereof, and the complete Contract is then forwarded to the 
 Contractor and other copies forwarded to other proper mili- 
 tary destinations. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER SIX 
 
 Branch No. 6, known as the Production and Inspection 
 Branch, originated from what was formerly known as the 
 Investigation Section of the Administrative Branch of the 
 Hardware and Metals Division. One of the chief functions of 
 this section was to investigate the financial and moral responsi- 
 bility of bidders for contracts to be placed by the Division. 
 This section also did some work on the speeding up of produc- 
 tions. With the consolidation of procurement which became 
 effective July 1st, certain personnel were transferred to this 
 Division from the Ordnance Department, in compliance with 
 Supply Circular No. 62 (which appears on page 134 marked 
 Exh bit " I ")> and with the greater amount of work which was 
 developed from this consolidation it was deemed advisable to 
 organize the work of Production and Inspection into a separate 
 Branch, taking the Investigation Section as a nucleus upon 
 which to build. This Branch was formed on date of July 17, 
 1918, and was authorized by Office Order No. 506 dated July 
 17, 1918, issued from office of Quartermaster General of the 
 Army; the Investigation Section of the Administrative Branch 
 becoming a section of the New Branch. 
 
 The Branch was composed of Sections which corresponded 
 with the various Procurement Branches, as follows: 
 
 Section No. 1 Having jurisdiction over production and 
 inspection of Heavy Hardware 
 93 
 
94 "As You Were" 
 
 Section No. 2 Small Hardware and Tools 
 Section No. 3 Kitchen Mess and Camp Equipment 
 Section No. 4 Office Equipment and Sundries 
 Section No. 5 Records maintained of all the reports of 
 
 the Branch 
 Section No. 6 Transportation — looking after the trans- 
 portation of material on contracts to 
 points of destination 
 Section No. 7 Investigation — investigating the finan- 
 cial responsibility of all bidders 
 
 Later, Section No. 7, or the Investigation Section, was 
 transferred to the Bidders File Section, Purchase Records 
 Branch, Administrative Division. 
 
 In order to keep in close touch with the progress of pro- 
 duction of materials, a method of reports was inaugurated, 
 records being made by the inspectors stationed at and visiting 
 the plants, these inspectors being under the control of the 
 Depot Quartermasters (later known as Zone Supply Officers). 
 These reports were rendered weekly on each contract placed by 
 the Division, and were compiled in the Records Section of the 
 Branch, in order to ascertain what action was necessary to keep 
 the deliveries of all contracts up to schedule. 
 
 Each Section of the Branch had attached to it several 
 officers and civilians who were experts in the manufacture of 
 the lines of material handled, whose duties were to act as 
 traveling supervisors, some devoting their time to production, 
 and others to the overseeing of inspection, their principal care 
 being to see that material was standardized and by working 
 between the different Zones, endeavor to maintain an equal 
 standard of quality throughout the various sources of supply. 
 The inspection force in the field was handled by the Hardware 
 and Metals Division, later called the General Supplies Division, 
 in each of the Quartermaster Depots, and was selected by 
 
The popular Personnel Section 
 
Branch Number Six 95 
 
 officers in charge of this Division at Washington. The 
 inspectors' work was checked by officers acting as traveling 
 supervisors from the different depots. In addition to this a 
 certain per cent, of the material was inspected in the depot 
 itself. 
 
 In order to obv.'ate some of the necessary delay between 
 the verbal agreement and the actual receipt of the signed 
 contract by the contractor and the Depot Quartermaster, who 
 also had copies of all contracts placed in the Zone under his 
 jurisdiction, a copy of the letter of recommendation and award 
 was immediately mailed to the depot by this Branch, thus 
 enabling the Depot Quartermaster to immediately get in 
 touch with the contractor and see that his work was started 
 on time, and that the specifications were lived up to. All 
 delinquent contracts were handled in their respective sections, 
 and they in turn made every effort through the depot to get 
 them up to schedule ; and when necessary personal visits were 
 made in conjunction with the depot forces. 
 
 At the time the armistice was signed the Branch was 
 composed of approximately sixty officers and civilians. 
 
OFFICE SERVICE BRANCH 
 
 When the Hardware and Metals Branch of the Supply and 
 Equipment Division was designated as a separate Division, 
 the organization as shown by the Division Chart as of date 
 June ist, was as follows: 
 
 One Chief of Division 
 Two Assistant Chiefs of Division 
 Three Procurement Branches, and 
 One Planning Branch 
 
 It is the history of the last named Branch which the following 
 pages are to cover. 
 
 At its inception the Planning Branch was named the 
 Methods and Service Branch. The personnel consisted of 
 two people. With the rapid growth of the Division the work 
 and duties of this Branch progressed in the same ratio, and 
 on the 4th of June, 191 8, ten people were transferred from 
 what was formerly known as the Contract and Purchase 
 Branch of the Supply and Equipment Division to the Methods 
 and Service Branch, Statistical Section, of the Hardware and 
 Metals Division, which was the beginning of that section. At 
 the same time this Branch took over the Statistical and Pro- 
 duction Section of the Hardware and Metals Branch of the 
 Supply and Equipment Division, and consolidated a portion 
 with the new Statistical Section; and, from the balance formed 
 
 96 
 
Office Service Branch 97 
 
 the Mails and Files Section of this Division. By the middle of 
 June this Branch had grown so that it was divided into the 
 following sections, namely: 
 
 Personnel 
 
 Mails and Files 
 
 Stenographic 
 
 Production and Statistical 
 
 Contract and Purchase 
 
 Investigation 
 
 On July 17, 1918, in compliance with Office Order No. 506, 
 issued by the office of the Quartermaster General, the name of 
 this Branch was changed to the Administrative Branch, and 
 the sections coming under the supervision of the Chief and 
 Assistant Chief were as follows : 
 
 Personnel 
 
 Statistical 
 
 Mails and Files 
 
 Supplies 
 
 Specifications and Samples 
 
 Stenographic and Information 
 
 With the rapid growth of the Division organization and 
 the added duties thereby devolving upon the Administrative 
 Branch, the organization chart of this Branch as of date 
 October 15, 19 18, shows the following sections: 
 
 Personnel 
 
 Supplies 
 
 Mails and Files 
 
 Specifications and Blueprints 
 
 Stenographic 
 
 Information 
 
 Samples 
 
 Service 
 
98 "As You Were" 
 
 On November n, 191 8, the Administrative Branch was 
 incorporated as Branch i-E of a larger Administrative Unit, 
 and given the name of Office Service Branch, the sections 
 remaining the same as of date October 15, 191 8. 
 
 Personnel 
 
 On the 1 7th day of June, 191 8, the Personnel Section of this 
 Branch was organized and consisted of three persons, the Chief 
 of the Personnel Section remaining in the office of the Chief of 
 the Branch, acting as his assistant, and two clerks maintaining 
 a separate office. The first step in the organization of this 
 section was to make folders and card files for each of the per- 
 sonnel of the Division. Daily absence reports were made and 
 submitted to the Personnel Division, the absences recorded in 
 the attendance book maintained by the Section. An inform- 
 ation blank was drafted for use for registering incoming per- 
 sonnel, as well as card index files and folders for each person 
 entering the Division. On June 21, 191 8, this Section was 
 increased in order to perform the rapidly increased work due 
 to the large number of people coming into the Division. 
 Every possible source of employment was investigated, with 
 the result that the personnel of the Division grew very rapidly. 
 
 Extreme difficulties were encountered in securing the 
 necessary competent help, and in order to make inducements 
 to persons coming to the Division, suggestions were made by 
 this Branch to the Personnel Division that transportation of 
 prospective employees be paid from their home town to Wash- 
 ington. Representatives of this Branch made trips to New 
 York in the interest of securing additional help. Letters 
 were also written to prominent business houses throughout 
 the Middle West, asking for assistance in obtaining steno- 
 graphic and clerical help. Through these channels a number 
 of employees were secured. 
 
Office Service Branch 99 
 
 By the ist of July the Division had grown from approxi- 
 mately forty people as of date June ist, to one hundred and 
 thirty-nine . The work of placing these new people as they came 
 to the Division fell to the Personnel Section. This Section also 
 issued requests for Travel Orders and maintained a Travel 
 Order file. They also made out Officers' Pay Vouchers 
 and attended to the filing of Applications for War Risk 
 Insurance. 
 
 Other work assigned to this Section was the making of 
 attendance and overtime reports for civilians, and the daily 
 morning report rendered for officers and enlisted men in the 
 service. At first this work was taken care of by one clerk, but 
 as the Division grew the work assumed such large proportions 
 that it was necessary to assign two additional clerks to these 
 duties. At the time of the signing of the armistice, the func- 
 tions as performed by the Personnel Section of this Branch 
 were as follows : 
 
 Correspondence 
 
 Appointment 
 
 Interviewing Applicants 
 
 Assignments 
 
 Separations 
 
 Field Pay Roll 
 
 Officers' Pay Vouchers 
 
 Time Records 
 
 Travel Orders 
 
 Issuing of Passes (both Building and Property) 
 
 Filing of all Personnel Papers of the Division 
 
 Daily Reports of Personnel to Various Offices 
 
 Issuing Telephone Directories 
 
 Monthly Reports of Commissioned strength by rank 
 
 Arranging Leaves of Absence 
 
 Securing Certificates of Illness and Requests for Leaves 
 
IOO 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 in addition to large Welfare Activities, consisting of 
 
 Visiting Sick 
 Planning Social Diversions 
 Vocational and other Advice, performed for members 
 
 of this Division 
 
 This Section was responsible fo: three social affairs given 
 by the Division : 
 
 (i) Hardware and Metals picnic given at the Country 
 Club, Wisconsin Avenue, August 28, 1918. 
 
 (2) Dancing party at Dyer Hall, November 6, 19 18. 
 
 (3) Christmas Dance held at 2400 — 16th St., December 
 
 18, 1918. 
 
 The Welfare Clerk of the Division made eighteen sick calls 
 during the first influenza epidemic, most of this work being 
 done on Sunday. Ten additional sick calls have been made 
 since that time. 
 
 The records of this Section show in the following figures 
 the Personnel as of dates given : 
 
 June 1, 1918 
 
 40 
 
 November 1, 191 8 
 
 490 
 
 July 1, 191 8 
 
 139 
 
 November 18, 1918 
 
 534 
 
 August 1, 191 8 
 
 184 
 
 December 1, 191 8 
 
 458 
 
 September 1, 191 8 
 
 260 
 
 January 1, 19 19 
 
 345 
 
 October 1, 191 8 
 
 389 
 
 February 1, 191 9 
 
 312 
 
 
 Supplies 
 
 Section 
 
 
 The office supplies required by this Division were obtained 
 through the Supplies Section and were distributed on requisi- 
 tion approved by the Chief of this Branch. A stock room was 
 maintained, enabling the wants of the Division to be antici- 
 pated to a great extent, all supplies being based on Army Cata- 
 logue No. 1 . Prior to the signing of the armistice, it was most 
 difficult to obtain office furniture of any kind, but this condi- 
 tion no longer exists and each office is now fully equipped. 
 
Office Service Branch 101 
 
 Mails and Files Section 
 
 The Mails and Files Section of the Hardware and Metals 
 Division was primarily organized in April, 191 8, as a part of 
 the Hardware and Metals Branch of the Supplies and Equip- 
 ment Division, to handle and distribute all incoming and out- 
 going mail and telegrams. This Section also had under its 
 control the general files. From a small beginning, this Section 
 had grown from three or four persons to approximately twenty- 
 five at the signing of the armistice. The volume of mail 
 handled has grown from a few letters a day to several thou- 
 sand, and telegrams to several hundred each day, in addition 
 to which hundreds of Inter- War Department letters were 
 handled by this Section. 
 
 The following procedure is followed on all mail matter, 
 both packages and letters: Upon their arrival in this Section, 
 if not personal, they are opened and time-stamped. If a 
 carbon copy of the letter is attached, this is removed, time- 
 stamped, and placed in the file box. Where there are enclo- 
 sures with a communication, these are carefully noted, the 
 initials of the person opening the letter appearing at the bot- 
 tom of the letter, so that if enclosures are misplaced after 
 letter and enclosures leave the section, there is proof that the 
 enclosures reached the Division. File numbers are placed 
 upon the margins of letters for the conven'ence of stenog- 
 raphers when answering these letters. The letter or package 
 is then boxed into Branch boxes from which hourly deliveries 
 of mail are made; while hourly collections of mail are made 
 from over forty mail baskets located throughout the Division. 
 
 Telegrams, special delivery, and registered mail are given 
 immediate attention upon receipt. Incoming telegrams are 
 listed on daily record sheets, stating name of sender, number on 
 telegram, subject, to whom referred, signature of party receiv- 
 ing same, and date telegram is answered. Special delivery 
 
io2 "As You Were" 
 
 and registered mail are listed in red under the same headings 
 on these record sheets. All of these are time-stamped before 
 delivery. Outgoing telegrams are approved by the Branch 
 Chiefs, checked, and time-stamped. One white copy is re- 
 tained for the telegraph file ; one green and one white copy and 
 the original telegram are sent to the Telegraph Section of the 
 General Administrative Division. The green copy. is time- 
 stamped by that Section and returned to this office, after 
 which it is entered on our outgoing mail sheets in red and this 
 green copy goes into the general files as a record that the 
 Division telegram has been dispatched. The telegram clerk 
 is also to follow up all incoming telegrams twenty-four hours 
 after received, to ascertain whether they have been answered, 
 and if at the end of forty-eight hours they still remain unan- 
 swered and proper reason for not answering is not given, a 
 report of said message is made to the Chief of the Office Service 
 Branch, who shall take such action as is necessary to obtain 
 such answer. 
 
 The amount of material to be filed in the General Files of 
 this Division has increased very rapidly and will be further 
 increased when the authorizations of purchase folders of the 
 Division are turned over to the Mail and File Section by the 
 several procurement branches, to be incorporated into the per- 
 manent files of this Division. 
 
 Before filing each letter, memorandum or telegram, it is 
 carefully read to determine the subject, after which a cor- 
 responding file number is written upon the edge of the letter. 
 After the number is placed upon the letter, it goes to a file 
 typist who places upon a card the name of the firm or person 
 to whom the letter is written, the date, file number, and marks 
 the letter with red check, showing it has been indexed. If the 
 letter pertains to more than one subject, file number corre- 
 sponding to the minor subject is placed on the letter with a 
 cross-mark before it to refer to a cross-reference sheet. The 
 
Office Service Branch 103 
 
 cross-reference is typewritten on a special blank form which 
 shows the name of the firm or person, the date and subject 
 of the letter, and the file number under which the original 
 letter is filed. The letter and cross-reference are then placed 
 alphabetically and according to date, in their prope folders, 
 on the edge of which is typewritten the file number correspond- 
 ing to the subject and the name of the firm or person. After 
 the letter has been indexed, or cross-indexed when necessary, 
 the reference cards are placed alphabetically in the card 
 cabinets, which completes the action. 
 
 Specifications and Blue Prints 
 
 This Section has had the designation, "Specifications and 
 Blue Prints" only since the issuance of organization chart No. 
 2, on date of December 31, 191 8. However, it has been more 
 or less closely connected with the three foregoing activities of 
 the Division, under a different designation, ever since the 
 organization of the Hardware and Metals Division on date of 
 June 1, 1918. 
 
 Contracts which were made with the manufacturers, con- 
 tained an accurate description of the articles purchased and 
 copies of these contracts were in all instances forwarded to this 
 section. A force of clerks was engaged in copying the speci- 
 fications, which were filed under their respective commodi- 
 ties; and later, as more explicit specifications were received 
 frequently, they were copied and filed in the same folder, so 
 that comparison could be made, as well as to eventually arrive 
 at a standardized specification that would best serve the 
 interests of the Army. 
 
 In addition to this, this Section came into close touch with 
 all of the various purchase bureaus of the Government, and 
 secured from them their specifications covering commodities 
 which were also purchased by this Division, which gave a fur- 
 
104 "As You Were" 
 
 ther basis of comparison. There were also obtained from the 
 Superintendent of Documents, and Library of Congress, copies 
 of proposal blanks as issued by the Quartermaster Corps, 
 running back for a period of years, and specifications contained 
 in these were also copied. 
 
 Experts in the several lines connected with the General 
 Supplies Division also made up in a great many instances new 
 specifications on certain articles which have heretofore not been 
 purchased by the Government in sufficient quantities to justify 
 standardization. These specifications were forwarded through 
 the proper channels and approved by the Adjutant General's 
 office. Preparations have been made to have these various 
 specifications printed, but in view of the action of the General 
 Standardization Section, Purchase Branch, Purchase, Storage 
 and Traffic Division of the General Staff, in collecting a num- 
 ber of specifications and issuing them in catalog form, it has 
 not been deemed advisable to have individual specifications 
 printed until the issuance of these catalogs, so that there may be 
 no confliction in the matter. This General Standardization 
 Section purposes at some later date to issue a catalog under 
 the generic title of "Hardware," but this office was given to 
 understand that it will be a number of months before any 
 action in this regard will be taken. There is one exception to 
 the above, and that is, as to hickory handles. This Division 
 had three thousand copies of specifications printed on this 
 item, the greater portion of which has been distributed. 
 
 This Section is advised by the General Standardization 
 Section that according to their records to date, specifications 
 covering approximately fifteen hundred commodities have been 
 standardized. 
 
 As an adjunct to specifications covering commodities pur- 
 chased by this Division, this Section has established a library of 
 catalogs which has been rapidly increased in size, and will 
 eventually contain catalogs of all the leading manufacturers of 
 
Office Service Branch 105 
 
 the country pertaining to items purchased by this office. This 
 portion of the work is under the supervision of a competent 
 librarian and practically every request which has been made 
 for catalogs up to date has been met. A complete index 
 showing the names of manufacturers whose catalogs are in the 
 library will be compiled and mimeographed, giving the name 
 of the manufacturer, together with the commodity they supply, 
 and in addition a cross-index of the commodity showing the 
 names of the various manufacturers thereof; also a cross-index 
 has been made which will enable the various buyers to call for 
 whatever catalog they may find necessary to use in the pur- 
 chase of goods. 
 
 Prior to the signing of the armistice, this Section issued 
 weekly bulletins showing purchases and contracts that were to 
 be made by the Division, this blank form being later adopted 
 by all of the Divisions of the Office of Director of Purchase. 
 These bulletins were forwarded to the official censor of the 
 Quartermaster Corps, to be acted upon before being made pub- 
 lic, and upon being posted, copies were supplied to the official 
 U. S. Bulletin, as well as to a number of the trade papers and 
 Chambers of Commerce throughout the country and in addi- 
 tion to several manufacturers' organizations which had a large 
 clientele, besides posting a copy on the Bulletin Board of this 
 Division. These bulletins were also sent to the Zone Supply 
 Officers and were posted in conspicuous places, so that all pub- 
 licity possible was given to prospective purchases of this 
 Division. 
 
 Stenographic Section 
 
 On September 3, 19 18, the Stenographic Section of the 
 Administrative Branch was organized. From this date to 
 November 11, 191 8, about fifty stenographers and typists were 
 assigned to offices of the various Branches, after remaining 
 
106 "AsYouWere" 
 
 from one to ten days in the stenographic section receiving 
 instructions in correspondence forms, rules and regulations of 
 the Division. A permanent force of four stenographers, four 
 typists, one expert dictaphone operator, also one mimeograph 
 operator, was retained to take care of the overflow of steno- 
 graphic and typing work from the General Supplies Division. 
 This force was in full operation at the time of the signing of the 
 armistice. 
 
 Information Section 
 
 The Information Section was created on June 21st, fol- 
 lowing an order issued by the Chief of this Branch. On or 
 about July 1st, the duties of the position having increased to 
 such an extent, it necessitated the assigning of an assistant. 
 By September 17, 191 8, the work increased to such an extent 
 that another clerk was added, in order to attend to all tele- 
 phone calls for information and the general work of the section 
 to be taken care of. A daily report was issued showing the 
 number of visitors which passed through the Division. This 
 report showed a daily average of between two hundred and 
 fifty and three hundred persons making business calls to these 
 offices. The duties of the chief of this section consisted of the 
 following : To see that representatives calling upon the chiefs 
 and buyers of the different branches were admitted to such 
 persons as they wished to see as expeditiously as possible, and 
 without conflicting with other salesmen, representatives, and 
 visitors, regulated according to the time of entering the recep- 
 tion room. Additional duties were to answer questions sub- 
 mitted as far as could be complied with. 
 
 Sample Section 
 
 The Sample Section of the Branch began its operation 
 October 24, 1918. An accumulation of copies of contracts and 
 
Office Service Branch 107 
 
 orders, also samples applying to same, necessitated the system- 
 atizing of the work to facilitate the linking up of the copies 
 of orders and contracts with samples to which they pertained. 
 This work has grown very rapidly and at the present time 
 practically all of the samples which have been received by this 
 Division and which were not required to be returned to the 
 manufacturer, have been sorted, tagged, and indexed, and 
 placed in this section as the official samples of this Division. 
 The functions actually performed by this Section at the 
 time of the signing of the armistice were that of packing and 
 forwarding samples to Zone Supply Officers and manufacturers 
 as the case called for, applying on contracts or orders, return- 
 ing all samples not required and the conduct of the correspond- 
 ence essential to the above work. 
 
 Service Section 
 
 This Section was established on October 15, 19 18, to take 
 charge of all matters pertaining to messenger service, building 
 and equipment repairs, moving and general service and work in 
 connection with Office Equipment. Prior to the signing of the 
 armistice, this Section had charge of sixteen messengers, one 
 skilled laborer, and one assistant. Due to the signing of the 
 armistice, and the cessation of purchases and reduction of 
 personnel of the Division, the duties of this Section had de- 
 creased to such an extent that the Section was abolished and 
 the work taken over by the office of the Chief of the Office Ser- 
 vice Branch, as of date December 31, 19 18. 
 
 Drafting Section 
 
 The Drafting Section of this Branch, although not officially 
 designated as a section, had been functioning for a considerable 
 period of time prior to its official organization. The duties of 
 
108 "As You Were" 
 
 this section are to make drawings for records and contract 
 purposes, and other duties for which their services may be 
 required; also the filing and recording of all blue prints and 
 drawings which have been made during the life of this Division. 
 
i. Lieutenant H. F. Murphy. 2 
 
 Lieutenant J. K. Bangs, Jr. 3- Captain C. W. Bliss 
 
 4. K. D. George. 
 
 5. T. B. McKaig. 
 
 6. Captain A. S. Dunning. 
 
BRANCH NUMBER EIGHT 
 
 Branch No. 8, or as it was known, Statistical Branch, of 
 the Hardware and Metals Division (later General Supplies 
 Division), had its inception as the Statistical Section of the 
 Hardware and Metals Branch of the Supply and Equipment 
 Division, under date of May 11,1918. At that time the greater 
 part of the statistical records of the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch and all special reports were being rendered by the 
 Statistical Branch of the Supply and Equipment Division. 
 
 Under date of June 1, 191 8, the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch was made a Division. All statistical work was trans- 
 ferred from the Statistical Branch of the Supply and Equip- 
 ment Division to the Statistical Section of the Administrative 
 Branch of the Hardware and Metals Division, as of date of 
 June 4th. The work of this section grew so rapidly that it 
 was with great difficulty and considerable overtime work on 
 the part of employees that it was able to keep records up to 
 date; in fact, the personnel had to be increased so fast that it 
 grew from a force of two to sixty people by October 1st. 
 
 The importance and amount of work handled was so great 
 that it outgrew a section and was made a Branch the early 
 part of October, 191 8. Later on, in the latter part of Novem- 
 ber, all records of the Production and Inspection Branch of the 
 Hardware and Metals Division were turned over, including 
 the personnel, to the Statistical Branch. 
 
 The Statistical Branch handled and kept records of all 
 
 109 
 
no "As You Were" 
 
 descriptions pertaining to all the authorizations, recommen- 
 dations to purchase, and contracts of the entire Hardware and 
 Metals Division ; also kept a record of all purchases made by all 
 depots throughout the United States, and also followed up 
 contractors, covering all contracts executed by the Division, to 
 see that deliveries, as specified in the contracts, were lived up 
 to as near as possible. 
 
 In addition to the above statistical records, a weekly report 
 was rendered by the Statistical Branch, showing the status of 
 the most important contracts. It also rendered special reports 
 of all descriptions, including the weekly report of all expendi- 
 tures of the Division and a daily report of expenditures made 
 to the Director of Finance. This office has been taxed heavily in 
 rendering reports of all descriptions since the signing of the arm- 
 istice. The largest general report rendered by the Branch, cov- 
 ering all outstanding obligations of the Government, in so far as 
 this Division is concerned, on undelivered material up to the time 
 the armistice was signed, consisted of one hundred and forty - 
 two pages covering approximately three thousand contracts. 
 
 Priorities and Clearances Section 
 
 Shortly after the organization of the Hardware and Metals 
 Branch of the Supply and Equipment Division, it became 
 nscessary to create a Priorities Section as a unit of the Office of 
 the Assistant Chief. The function of this section was to secure 
 a permit from the War Industries Board for the supply of raw 
 materials, which were required for the manufacture of orders 
 placed by the Hardware and Metals Branch. The War In- 
 dustries Board had complete control of all raw materials in the 
 country. This was brought about by the fact that purchases 
 of the various Government Departments were in some instances 
 becoming so large that the demand for certain raw materials 
 exceeded the known supply. 
 
Branch Number Eight in 
 
 As soon as the contractor received an order from this 
 Division he immediately filled out a priority request, covering 
 the required amount of raw material for the filling of his con- 
 tract and forwarded it to this office. It was then the function 
 of this section to approve this request and forward it to the 
 War Industries Board, where it was either granted or declined. 
 If it was granted, it was rated by the Board in accordance 
 with the importance of the Government order for which 
 the material was required. For example, a priority certificate 
 given an A-i rating took precedence over an A-2 or an A-3 
 rating, or a B-2 rating took precedence over a B-3 or B-4; in 
 other words, if a priority certificate was granted A-i rating, 
 the mill on whom the priority was granted was compelled to 
 turn this order out ahead of all other orders which they had on 
 their books carrying a lower rating. 
 
 About May 1, 191 8, the Clearance Section of the Hardware 
 and Metals Branch was also established as a unit of the Office 
 of the Assistant Chief. This was consolidated with the Prior- 
 ity Section and the new section was then known as the Priority 
 and Clearance Section. 
 
 It was the function of this unit to submit to the War 
 Industries Board a schedule of the requirements of all items, 
 which were on the Clearance list, which this Division was 
 required to purchase. This procedure became necessary be- 
 cause of the fact that the requirements of the Army and Navy 
 were becoming greater as the war continued and unless all pur- 
 chases were controlled by one central bureau as the War 
 Industries Board, it would soon become impossible to obtain 
 the required quantity of certain commodities. If in the 
 estimation of this Board, the request for purchase of certain 
 items was necessary for the equipment of the Army, the re- 
 quest was cleared; in other words, permission was granted to 
 make the purchase, sometimes under certain restrictions as 
 to the territory in wh i 'ch the commodity was to be manu- 
 
112 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 factured. This procedure was what is known as obtaining a 
 clearance. 
 
 The purchases of the Hardware and Metals Branch became 
 larger and larger and by the first of June, 191 8, this Branch 
 was separated and became a Division known as the Hardware 
 
 viw-.«U. *A.* •., THE PARADE AFTER THE WAR 
 
 'tUiiHir. ti'» t£jt o n \y tr$, %*,^tr xV> 
 
 ax t*.er wroc« a. 
 
 FORM (> ts toie \(X W- KenTa" 
 
 and Metals Division. The Priority and Clearances Section 
 also grew rapidly, being divided into two sections, the Clear- 
 ance Section and the Priority Section, each being in charge 
 of a chief. As the war continued, the raw materials be- 
 came more scarce and it became more difficult to obtain a 
 sufficient quantity of raw material for the completion of the 
 Contracts at the required time. This necessitated a large 
 
Branch Number Eight 
 
 113 
 
 increase in personnel, until shortly before the signing of the 
 armistice the Priorities and Clearances Section was made a 
 Branch, and it was then known as the Priorities and Clearances 
 Branch of the General Supplies Division with a personnel 
 of twelve. 
 
 Inter-Bureau Procurement Section 
 
 The Inter-bureau Procurement Section of the General 
 Supplies Division was organized soon after the consolidation 
 of procurement as of date July 1, 191 8, which necessitated an 
 office for the amount of inter-bureau requisitions coming to the 
 Division from other procurement bureaus. The Inter-bureau 
 unit of this Division received from June 10, 191 8, to November 
 11, 191 8, seventeen hundred and nine (1709) procurement, 
 
ii4 "As You Were" 
 
 requisitions, — fourteen hundred and ninety-one (1491) being 
 Inter-bureau requisitions and two hundred and eighteen (218) 
 being sub -requisitions ; and accomplished nine hundred and 
 thirty-three (933) purchase contracts or purchase orders to 
 an approximate value of nineteen million, three hundred 
 thirty thousand, ninety-eight dollars and forty-eight cents 
 ($19,330,098.48). 
 
 One hundred and seventy-one (171) procurement requisi- 
 tions were sent to other bureaus for purchase to an approxi- 
 mate value of eight million, eight hundred thousand one 
 hundred thirty-nine dollars and eighty cents ($8,800,139.80). 
 
 Procurement requisitions after being approved by the Chief 
 of the Division were passed through the Statistical Branch to 
 the procurement branches for purchase. 
 
 When the procurement branches had made a recommen- 
 dation for award, an informal notice was at once sent to the 
 Issuing Bureau and after the Board of Review had passed 
 upon the contracts, a purchase report was forwarded to 
 such bureaus, giving "quantity and unit," "total price," 
 "specified delivery and total quantity" placed against the 
 requisition. 
 
 Shipping reports are made concurrently with shipments 
 and a follow-up report made, indicating when quantities cov- 
 ered by the requisitions had been completed. 
 
 Cancellations or amendments for procurement requisitions 
 were also reported by the use of designated forms. 
 
 Taking the per cent, of the Interbureau requisitions allo- 
 cated to this Division as a basis, it would appear twelve thou- 
 sand, two hundred and ninety (12,290) forms or notices passed 
 through the Interbureau Branch. 
 
 The difference, as shown between the number of procure- 
 ment requisitions received and number of contracts applied, 
 may be explained by the cancellations, assignments to Zone 
 Supply Officers for local purchases of small quantities or filling 
 
Branch Number Eight "5 
 
 from stock; also the combining of a number of requisitions for 
 like material in one contract. 
 
 The Interbureau Procurement method has demonstrated 
 practical and economical advantage to the Army in the con- 
 solidation of purchases as well as supplying the requirements 
 from storage. The above amount of work handled since the 
 organization of the Unit up to the signing of the armistice 
 was accomplished by a personnel of eleven people. 
 
 Only through the united labors of every member of the 
 personnel of this Division, consisting of the officers, enlisted 
 men, and civilians, working with untiring energy and ceaseless 
 efforts, were the above results obtained. The Chief of this 
 Division wishes to take this opportunity to express to each and 
 every one of the personnel his appreciation of the united efforts 
 and unswerving patriotism, which caused this Division to be 
 such a potent factor in the successful termination of the war. 
 
 H. E. Loomis, 
 
 Capt. Q. M. C, U. S. A., 
 Historical Officer, 
 General Supplies Division. 
 
 Approved : 
 
 H. P. Hill, 
 
 Lt. Col., Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 Acting Chief, General Supplies Division. 
 
EXHIBIT "A" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 OFFICE OF THE QUARTERMASTER GENERAL OF THE ARMY 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 April 16, 19 1 8. 
 
 Office Order ) 
 No. 376. ) 
 
 1 . The following Divisions and Branches in the office of the Quarter- 
 master-General are hereby established, with personnel in charge as 
 indicated : 
 
 A 
 
 -C 
 
 A 
 
 -OR 
 
 A 
 
 -FC 
 
 A 
 
 -TC 
 
 A 
 
 -CR 
 
 A 
 
 -M 
 
 A 
 
 -Cem 
 
 A 
 
 -OS 
 
 A 
 
 -MR 
 
 A 
 
 -CS 
 
 P 
 
 
 P 
 
 -C 
 
 P 
 
 -E 
 
 P 
 
 -Civ 
 
 Administrative Division 
 
 Administrative Control Branch 
 Orders and Regulation Branch 
 Financial Control Branch 
 Telegraph and Cable Branch 
 Confidential Record Branch 
 Messenger Branch 
 Cemeterial Branch 
 Office Service Branch 
 Mail and Record Branch 
 Contract Supervision Branch 
 
 Personnel Division 
 
 Commissioned Branch 
 Enlisted Branch 
 Civilian Branch 
 
 116 
 
 Col. C. P. Daly 
 Maj. Ezra Davis, Assistant 
 Capt. A. J. Chappell 
 Lieut. Col. T. L. Smith 
 Lieut. Col. J. Q. A. Brett 
 Lieut. F. B. Clayton 
 Capt. H. A. Allen 
 Lieut. Lloyd Thrush 
 Capt. H. R. Lemly 
 Mr. F. M. Cunley 
 Lieut. John W. Browning 
 Miss Jessie Dell 
 
 Mr. John J. Coss 
 Capt. Geo. H. Hahn, Assist. 
 Capt. Geo. H. Harrell 
 Capt. Mack Bray 
 Capt. T. L. Holland 
 
Exhibit "A" 
 
 117 
 
 p -D Departmental Branch 
 
 p -P Planning Branch 
 
 p -T Training Branch 
 
 p -L Liaison Branch 
 
 FA Finance and Accounts Division 
 
 FA -AA Apportionment Accounts 
 
 Branch 
 FA -MA Money Accounts Branch 
 FA -PA Property Accounts Branch 
 FA -PDA Personal Deposits and Allot- 
 ment Branch 
 FA -SR Subsistence Returns Branch 
 FA -CK Cost Keeping Branch 
 FA -C Claims Branch 
 
 FA -OS Office Service Branch 
 
 MC Methods Control Division 
 
 MC -P Planning Branch 
 
 MC -I Investigations Branch 
 
 MC -IS Information and Statistics 
 
 Branch 
 
 MC -EC Expeditionary Cable Branch 
 
 MC -OS Office Service Branch 
 
 SC Supply Control Division 
 
 SC -R Requirements Branch 
 
 SC -D Distribution Branch 
 
 SC -OS Office Service Branch 
 
 Supply and Equipment Divi- 
 sion 
 Cotton Goods Branch 
 Woolen Goods Branch 
 Manufacturing Branch 
 Knit Goods Branch 
 Shoes, Leather, and Rubber 
 
 Goods Branch 
 Hardware and Metals Branch 
 Vehicles and Harness Branch 
 
 Capt. E. A. Farrell 
 Mr. W. S. Field 
 
 Col. H. M. Lord 
 
 Col. H. M. Lord 
 
 Lieut. Col. James Canby 
 
 Lieut. Col. W. H. Noble 
 
 Capt. A. J. Maxwell 
 Capt. J. A. Hill 
 Mr. R. H. A. Greene 
 Lieut. F. L. Wilkinson 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 SE 
 SE 
 SE 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 SE 
 
 -CG 
 
 -WG 
 
 -M 
 
 -KG 
 
 -SLR 
 
 -HM 
 -VH 
 
 Mr. George E. Frazer 
 Maj. W. F. Dodd 
 Capt. E. A. Meyers 
 
 Mr. E. J. Fowler 
 Maj. G. W. B. Hicks 
 Maj. H. D. Bargelt 
 
 Maj. R. A. Shaw 
 Maj. F. L. Devereux 
 Maj. R. A. Shaw 
 
 Mr. Albert L. Scott 
 Mr. Harry L. Bailey 
 Mr. H. P. Bonties 
 Mr. R. A. Feiss 
 Mr. Lincoln Cromwell 
 
 Mr. J. Franse McElwain 
 Mr. Wm. A. Graham 
 Col. W. S. Wood 
 
Il8 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 SE -P 
 SE -A 
 SE -PI 
 
 SE -IR 
 SE -OS 
 
 Rec 
 Rec -S 
 Rec -SR 
 Rec -HR 
 Rec -CR 
 Rec -L 
 Rec -DC 
 Rec -C 
 Rec -Con 
 Rec -OS 
 
 Sub 
 Sub -P 
 Sub -CB 
 Sub -FA 
 Sub -UB 
 Sub -PS 
 Sub -O 
 Sub -B 
 Sub -I 
 Sub -OS 
 Sub -CP 
 
 FF 
 FF 
 FF 
 FF 
 FF 
 FF 
 FF 
 
 -Fuel 
 
 -F 
 
 -Oil 
 
 -T 
 
 -PF 
 
 -OS 
 
 Purchasing Branch 
 Advisory Branch 
 Production and Inspection 
 
 Branch 
 Industrial Relations Branch 
 Office Service Branch 
 
 Reclamation Division 
 Salvage Branch 
 Shoe Repair Branch 
 Hat Repair Branch 
 Clothing Repair Branch 
 Laundries Branch 
 Dry Cleaning Branch 
 Control Branch 
 Contract Branch 
 Office Service Branch 
 
 Subsistence Division 
 Procurement Sub- Division 
 Controlled Bids Branch 
 Food Allotments Branch 
 Uncontrolled Bids Branch 
 Procurement Service Branch 
 Overseas Service Branch 
 Bakery Branch 
 Inspection Branch 
 Office Service Branch 
 Control & Planning Branch 
 
 Fuel & Forage Division 
 
 Col. H. J. Hirsch 
 Maj. Geo. H. Savage 
 
 Mr. Malcolm Donald 
 Mr. E. M. Hopkins 
 Mr. Gershom Smith 
 
 Maj. I. S. Osborne 
 Mr. Louis Birkenstein 
 Mr. Philip H. Fraher 
 Mr. E. LeRoy Cummings 
 Lieut. H. A. Rosenthal 
 Mr. J. E. Dann 
 Dr. H. E. Mechling 
 Capt. F. H. Canfield 
 Mr. R. L. Raymond 
 Capt. J. Y. Hamilton 
 
 Col. W. R. Grove 
 Capt. W. K. Nash 
 Lieut. W. A. Jordon 
 Capt. W. K. Nash 
 Capt. J. J. Adams 
 Maj. J. W. Mcintosh 
 Capt. John M. Tuther 
 Lieut. Col. L. L. Dietrick 
 Mr. C. C. Austin 
 Lieut. S. B. Johnson 
 Mr. G. C. Babcock 
 
 Mr. Daniel B. Wontz 
 
 Mr. R. H. Knode 
 Mr. George S. Bridge 
 Mr. U. G. Lyons 
 
 Fuel Branch 
 
 Forage Branch 
 
 Oil Branch 
 
 Traffic Branch 
 
 Planning and Follow-up Branch Mr. Preston Davis 
 
 Office Service Branch Lieut. Col. Wm. E. Horton 
 
 Rem Remount Division 
 
 Rem-AP Animal Purchasing Branch 
 
 Col. J. S. Fair 
 
 Maj. R. E. Strawbridge 
 
Exhibit "A" 
 
 n 9 
 
 Rem-AI Animal Issue Branch 
 
 Rem-RD Remount Depot Branch 
 
 Rem-I Inspection Branch 
 
 Rem-OS Office Service Branch 
 
 Lieut. Col. M. C. Bristol 
 Maj. W. W. West, Jr. 
 Lieut. Col. M. C. Bristol 
 Maj. Hay don Channing 
 
 MT Motor Transport Division Gen. Chauncey B. Baker 
 
 MT -P Procurement Branch Col. C. B. Drake 
 
 MT -OP Operation Branch Maj. B. F. Miller 
 
 MT -MR Maintenance & Repair Branch Lieut. Col. James W.Furlow 
 
 MT -PE Production and Engineering 
 
 Branch Mr. Christian Girl 
 
 MT -OS Office Service Branch Maj. D. K. Mitchell 
 
 T Transportation Division 
 
 T -W Water Transport Branch 
 
 T -L Land Transport Branch 
 
 T -OS Office Service Branch 
 
 D Depot Division 
 
 D -D Depot Branch 
 
 D -P Planning Branch 
 
 D -OS Office Service Branch 
 
 Col. R. J. Burt 
 Col. R. J. Burt 
 Capt. J. F. Taylor 
 Mr. W. H. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 Mr. L. M. Nicholson 
 Capt. G. M. McConnell 
 
 Maj. Geo. F. Perkins 
 
 For details of organization see statement showing organization of 
 this office dated April 16, 191 8. 
 
 By authority of the Acting Quartermaster General, 
 
 Chas. P. Daly, 
 
 Col., Q. M. C, N. A. 
 
EXHIBIT "B" 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 OFFICE OF THE QUARTERMASTER GENERAL OF THE ARMY 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 May 18, 1918. 
 
 Office Order ) 
 No. 412 f 
 
 1. Office Order No. 376, and detailed statement showing organization 
 of the Quartermaster General's Office, dated April 16, 1918, are amended 
 as follows : — 
 
 2. The name of the Supply & Equipment Division is changed to 
 Clothing & Equipment Division. Mr. Albert L. Scott in charge. 
 
 3. The Hardware & Metals Branch of the Supply and Equipment 
 Division is designated as a separate Division, and will be known as the 
 Hardware & Metals Division. Mr. William A. Graham in charge. 
 
 4. The Vehicle & Harness Branch of the Supply & Equipment 
 Division is designated as a separate Division, and will be known as the 
 Vehicle & Harness Division. Colonel W. S. Wood in charge. 
 
 5. The Personnel and Records of the Hardware and Metals Branch, 
 and of the Vehicle and Harness Branch will be transferred to the Hard- 
 ware and Metals Division, and to the Vehicle and Harness Division 
 respectively. 
 
 6. This order will take effect June 1, 191 8. 
 
 By authority of the Acting Quartermaster General. 
 
 Ezra Davis, 
 
 Major, Q. M. R. C. 
 AJC/MKE/C 
 
EXHIBIT "C" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 OFFICE OF THE QUARTERMASTER GENERAL OF THE ARMY 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 June 14, 1918. 
 
 Office Order ) 
 No. 459 I 
 
 Subject: Organization of the Office of the Quartermaster General. 
 
 1. The Divisions and Branches of the Office of the Quartermaster 
 General are constituted as follows, and are directed to report as indicated 
 in the attached chart of organization which by reference is made a part of 
 this order: 
 
 / Office of the Quartermaster General : 
 
 Brig. Gen. Robert E. Wood, Acting Quartermaster General 
 Mr. Robert J. Thorne, Assistant to the Acting Quarter- 
 master General 
 
 77 Office of the Executive Officer: 
 
 Maj. Benjamin L. Jacobson, Acting Executive Officer 
 
 A Administrative Division Maj. Benj. L. Jacobson 
 
 A -C Administrative Control Branch Capt. J. H. Spengler 
 
 A -TC Communications Branch Maj. G. W. B. Hicks 
 
 A -Cem Cemeterial Branch Maj. H. R. Lemly 
 
 A -OE Office Equipment Branch Mr. F. B. Whitehead 
 
 P Personnel Division Maj. G. H. Hahn 
 
 121 
 
122 "As You Were" 
 
 P -C Commissioned Personnel Branch Capt. Geo. H. Harrell 
 
 P -E Enlisted Personnnel Branch Capt. Mack Bray 
 
 P -Civ Civilian Personnel Branch Maj. T. L. Holland 
 
 P -D Departmental Personnel Branch Capt. E. A. Farrell 
 
 P -A Administrative Branch Maj. G. H. Hahn 
 
 MC Methods Control Division Mr. George E. Frazer 
 
 Lieut. Wm. MacLeod, As- 
 sistant 
 MC -OR Orders and Regulations Branch Maj. W. F. Dodd 
 MC -I Investigations Branch Capt. E. A. Meyers 
 
 MC -IS Information & Statistics Branch Mr. E. J. Fowler 
 MC -O Organization Branch Mr. John J. Coss 
 
 MC -P Purchase Records Branch Mr. H. L. Carson 
 
 MC -OS Office Service Branch Maj. H. D. Bargelt 
 
 III Office of the Assistant to the Acting Quartermaster General : 
 Mr. Robert J. Thorne, Assistant to the Acting Quarter- 
 master General 
 Mr. W. R. DeField, Executive Secretary 
 Col. George F. Downey, Director of Quartermaster Pur- 
 chases 
 Mr. L. M. Nicholson, Director of Quartermaster Opera- 
 tions 
 Mr. Parmely Herrick, Liaison Representative 
 Col. Letcher Hardeman, Liaison Officer 
 
 SC Supply Control Division Col. George F. Downey 
 
 Requirements Branch Maj. F. L. Devereux 
 
 Contracts Advisory Branch Mr. Langdon Marvin 
 
 Office Service Branch 
 
 CE Clothing and Equipage Division Mr. Malcolm Donald; Col. 
 
 H. J. Hirsch, Asst. Chf. 
 
 N. Y. Offices 
 CE -T Textile Subdivision Mr. Harry L. Bailey 
 
 CE -CG Cotton Goods Branch Mr. Harry L. Bailey 
 
 CE -W Woolen Branch Mr. H. P. Bonties 
 
 CE -KG Knit Goods Branch Mr. Lincoln Cromwell 
 
 SC 
 
 -R 
 
 SC 
 
 -C 
 
 SC 
 
 -OS 
 
Exhibit "C" 
 
 123 
 
 CE 
 
 -WY 
 
 CE 
 
 -M 
 
 CE 
 
 -L 
 
 CE 
 
 -LM 
 
 CE 
 
 -A 
 
 HM 
 
 HM 
 
 -M 
 
 HM 
 
 -CK 
 
 HM 
 
 -T 
 
 HM 
 
 -A 
 
 VH 
 
 
 VH 
 
 -V 
 
 VH 
 
 rH 
 
 VH 
 
 -A 
 
 Sub 
 
 Wool Tops and Yarn Branch Mr. Albert Elliot 
 Manufacturing Branch Mr. 0. D. Frost 
 
 Shoes, Leather & Rubber Goods 
 
 Br. Mr. J. W. Craddock 
 
 Leather Materials Branch Mr. C. F. C. Stout 
 
 Administrative & Control BranchMr. C. A. McCormick 
 
 Hardware & Metals Division Mr. Wm. A. Graham; Mr. 
 
 H. L. Arnold and Maj. 
 H. P. Hill, Assistants 
 Metals & Heavy Hardware 
 
 Branch Mr. George W. Welles 
 
 Camp & Kitchen Equipment 
 
 Branch Mr. William J. Peck 
 
 Tools & Hardware Sundries 
 Branch Mr. W. F. Fusting 
 
 Administrative Branch Mr. T. M. Lynch 
 
 Vehicles and Harness Division Col. W. S. Wood 
 
 Vehicles Branch 
 Harness Branch 
 Administrative Branch 
 
 Subsistence Division 
 
 Sub 
 
 -P 
 
 Purchasing Branch 
 
 Sub 
 
 -AL 
 
 Allotment Branch 
 
 Sub 
 
 -D 
 
 Dehydrated Products Branch 
 
 Sub 
 
 -PI 
 
 Planning & Inspection Branch 
 
 Sub 
 
 -0 
 
 Overseas Subsistence Branch 
 
 Sub 
 
 -AD 
 
 Administrative Branch 
 
 D 
 
 
 Depot Division 
 
 D -DS Depot Service Branch 
 D -Dis Distribution Branch 
 D -A Administrative Branch 
 
 Lieut. Col. R. W. Lee 
 Lieut. Col. George B. Goetz 
 Capt. J. M. Barr 
 
 Col. W. R. Grove; Lt. Col. 
 J. W. Mcintosh, Act- 
 ing in Charge 
 
 Maj. W. K. Nash 
 
 Lieut. W. B. Greenlaw 
 
 Lieut. Ben Gallagher 
 
 Dr. A. W. Bitting 
 
 Capt. Patrick McDonald 
 
 Capt. J. E. Smith 
 
 Mr. L. M. Nicholson; Lieut. 
 Col. G. M. McConnell, 
 Assistant 
 Maj. F. K. Espenhain 
 Maj. John Tyssowski 
 Lieut. Col. George F. Per- 
 kins 
 
124 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 IV 
 
 Office of the Assistant to the Acting Quartermaster General : 
 Col. J. S. Fair, in Charge 
 Lieut. Col. Preston Davie, Executive Assistant 
 
 Rec 
 
 Conservation & Reclamation 
 Division 
 
 Mr. Philip W. Wrenn 
 
 Rec -SG Salvage & Gardening Branch Mr. Louis Birkenstein 
 
 Rec -SR 
 Rec -HR 
 Rec -CR 
 Rec -L 
 Rec-D 
 Rec -A 
 
 Rem 
 
 Rem-P 
 Rem-D 
 Rem-I 
 Rem-A 
 
 FF 
 
 Shoe Repair Branch 
 Hat Repair Branch 
 Clothing Repair Branch 
 Laundries Branch 
 Dry Cleaning Branch 
 Administrative Branch 
 
 Remount Division 
 
 Mr. P. H. Fraher 
 Mr. E. L. Cummings 
 Lieut. H. A. Rosenthal 
 Mr. J. E. Dann 
 Mr. H. E. Mechling 
 
 Lieut. Col. M. C. Bristol 
 
 Purchasing and Issue Branch Maj. R. E. Strawbridge 
 
 Remount Depot Branch 
 Remount Inspection Branch 
 Administrative Branch 
 
 Fuel & Forage Division 
 
 FF -Fuel Fuel Branch 
 
 FF -FO Forage Branch 
 
 FF -Oil Oil Branch 
 
 FF -A Administrative Branch 
 
 Maj. W. W. West, Jr. 
 Maj. W. W. West, Jr. 
 Capt. A. A. Cederwald 
 
 Mr. George E. Warren 
 
 Mr. George S. Bridge 
 
 Mr. U. G. Lyons 
 
 Lieut. Col. Wm. E. Horton 
 
 V 
 
 Office of the Assistant to the Acting Quartermaster General : 
 Col. Fred Glover, in Charge 
 
 MT 
 
 Motor Transport Service 
 
 MT -P Procurement Sub-Division 
 
 MT-0 
 MT-E 
 MT-A 
 
 VI 
 
 Operation Sub-Division 
 Engineering Branch 
 Administrative Branch 
 
 Col. Fred Glover 
 
 Lieut. Col. Edward S. 
 George 
 
 Mr. John Younger 
 Lieut. Sidney Dean 
 
 Office of the Assistant to the Acting Quartermaster General ; 
 in Charge Finances: 
 Col. H. M. Lord, in Charge 
 
Exhibit "C" I2 5 
 
 FA Finance & Accounts Division Lieut. Col. James Canby 
 
 FA -FC Financial Control Branch Lieut. Col. J. Q. A. Brett 
 
 FA -AA Apportionment Accounts Branch Capt. J. A. Hill 
 
 FA -MA Money Accounts Branch Capt. O. W. Gralund 
 
 FA -PA Property Accounts Branch Lieut. Col. W. H. Noble 
 
 FA -SR Subsistence Returns Branch Lieut. A. P. Christensen 
 
 FA -CK Cost Keeping Branch Lieut. Col. J. Q. A. Brett 
 
 FA -C Claims Branch Lieut. Col. J. Q. A. Brett 
 
 FA -CF Contract Files Branch Lieut. Col. J. Q. A. Brett 
 
 FA -OS Office Service Branch Capt. D. W. Morey 
 
 CD Ceneral Disbursing Division Lieut. Col. Perrin L. Smith 
 
 CD -P Pay and Mileage Branch Maj. T. H. Chambers 
 
 CD -DA Personal Deposits & Allotments 
 
 Branch Lieut. Col. Edward Clifford 
 
 CD -T Transportation & Telegraph 
 
 Branch Maj. T. F. Powell 
 
 CD -OS Office Service Branch Maj. E. O. Hopkins 
 
 R. E. Wood, 
 
 Acting Quartermaster General. 
 GEF 
 
EXHIBIT "D" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 OFFICE OF THE QUARTERMASTER GENERAL OF THE ARMY 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 Office Order ) 
 No. 506 f 
 
 July 17, 1918. 
 
 Subject : Organization of Hardware and Metals Division. 
 
 1 . The Hardware and Metals Division shall have the following 
 branches : 
 
 HM-M Metals and Heavy Hardware 
 HM-T Small Tools and Chests 
 HM-KC Kitchen and Camp Equipment 
 HM-0 Office Equipment and Sundries 
 HM-CP Contract and Purchase 
 HM-P Production and Inspection 
 HM-A Administrative 
 
 Mr. Geo. W. Welles 
 Mr. W. F. Fusting 
 Mr. Wm. J. Peck 
 
 Mr. E. A. Darr 
 Capt. Joseph Odlin 
 Mr. T. M. Lynch 
 
 2. The Office Equipment and Sundries Branch will have supervision 
 over the contracting for and the purchasing of the following supplies : 
 
 Adding machines 
 
 Arresters, spark 
 
 Band instruments and supplies 
 
 Bands, rubber 
 
 Bands, music 
 
 Baskets, desk 
 
 Batons 
 
 Benzine 
 
 Blotters, desk 
 
 Books, school 
 
 Books, blank 
 
 Bugle and bugle straps and slings 
 
 Calendars 
 
 Calculating machines 
 
 126 
 
Exhibit "D" 
 
 127 
 
 Cloth, tracing 
 
 Clocks 
 
 Containers, identification 
 
 Dictionaries 
 
 Duplicating machines, mimeo- 
 graphs, etc. 
 
 Envelopes 
 
 Filing equipment 
 
 Fly paper 
 
 Fly traps 
 
 Furniture, office 
 
 Hoods, stove 
 
 Ink, all kinds 
 
 Linoleum 
 
 Loose leaf binders for property 
 accounts, etc. 
 
 Office supplies 
 
 Oil, typewriter 
 
 Paper (all kinds including toilet 
 paper) 
 
 Pens 
 
 Pencils 
 
 Pins, office 
 
 Printing presses and accessories 
 
 Pouches, music 
 
 Receivers, card 
 
 Safes, office 
 
 Shields, stove 
 
 Slings, drum 
 
 Stands, music 
 
 Stationery (all kinds) 
 
 Supplies for duplicating machines, 
 mimeographs 
 
 Tags, identification (adding ma- 
 chines, typewriters, etc.) 
 
 Typewriters. 
 
 It will also have supervision over the services and supplies connected 
 with the care and protection of regular supplies of the Quartermaster 
 Corps, and with respect to supplies and services authorized to be con- 
 tracted for by the Quartermaster Corps, but not expressly assigned to 
 any other division of the office of the Quartermaster General. 
 
 3. The Hardware and Metals Division, through its Office Equip- 
 ment and Sundries Branch shall determine the conditions under which 
 contracts shall be made and supplies delivered under such contracts to the 
 several general supply depots, for the items enumerated in paragraph 2. 
 It shall be within the authority of the Hardware and Metals Division 
 to make contracts centrally for such supplies for all depots, ordering the 
 delivery of such supplies to depots upon receipt of requisition therefor, or 
 if it deems it advisable, to authorize direct and local purchases by the 
 several depots. 
 
 4. In the purchase and distribution of the articles enumerated above, 
 the Hardware and Metals Division shall conform to the zone system of 
 procurement provided for by Notice No. 2, July 1, 191 8. 
 
 R. E. Wood, 
 
 Acting Quartermaster General. 
 O 22.23 MC-OR 
 D. 
 
EXHIBIT "E" 
 
 October 7, 191 8. 
 
 Division Order ] 
 No. 60. j 
 
 1 . Due to the volume of work in the Statistics Section of this Divi- 
 sion, it has been decided to make this section into a separate Branch with 
 Capt. J. H. Curtin, Chief. 
 
 2. This is to take effect immediately, and all are requested to be 
 governed accordingly. 
 
 W. A. Graham, Chief, 
 Hardware & Metals Division. 
 HEL-AD 
 H&M-2S3 
 
 128 
 
EXHIBIT "F" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 PURCHASE, STORAGE AND TRAFFIC DIVISION 
 
 GENERAL STAFF 
 
 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF PURCHASE & STORAGE 
 
 Washington, D. C, October 19, 1918. 
 
 Purchase & Storage 
 Notice No. 1. 
 
 Subject: Organization of the Office of the Director of Purchase and 
 Storage. 
 
 1. Effective October 21, 1918, the Office of the Director of Purchase 
 and Storage of the Purchase, Storage & Traffic Division, General Staff, is 
 organized as follows : 
 
 I — A — Administrative Division 
 II — R — Requirements Division 
 HI— p— Office of the Director of Purchase 
 
 PA — Purchase Administrative Division 
 CE— Clothing & Equipage Division 
 
 S — Subsistence Division 
 MV— Motors & Vehicles Division 
 ME— Machinery & Engineering Materials Division 
 R — Raw Materials and Paints Division 
 H— Medical and Hospital Supplies Division 
 Rem — Remount Procurement Division 
 GS— General Supplies Division 
 129 
 
130 "As You Were" 
 
 IV — Office of the Director of Storage 
 
 OA — Operations Administrative Division 
 DO — Domestic Operations Division 
 OW — Overseas Warehouse Division 
 D — Distribution Division 
 S — Salvage Division 
 
 2. Branches within Divisions will be constituted by Notices issued 
 as the consolidation of procurement and of storage and supply operations 
 proceeds under a schedule issued by authority of the Director of Purchase, 
 Storage and Traffic. 
 
 3. Personnel in charge of branches and divisions will be announced 
 by Purchase and Storage Memoranda. 
 
 By authority of the Director of Purchase and Storage: 
 
 Benj. L. Jacobson, 
 Lt. Colonel, Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 Executive Officer. 
 321.14 A-OR 
 S-4465/C 
 
EXHIBIT "G" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 PURCHASE, STORAGE AND TRAFFIC DIVISION 
 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF PURCHASE AND STORAGE 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 October 28, 1918. 
 Purchase & Storage) 
 Notice No. 13 J 
 
 Subject: Transfer of Functions. 
 
 1. Under the terms of Notice No. 210, Office of the Quartermaster 
 General and of Purchase and Storage Notice No. 1 , Office of the Director 
 of Purchase and Storage, all responsibilities, duties, personnel and records 
 of the Hardware and Metals Division are hereby transferred to the 
 General Supplies Division of the Office of the Director of Purchase. The 
 Hardware and Metals Division is hereby abolished. Mr. W. A. Graham 
 is designated as Chief of the General Supplies Division. 
 
 2. All responsibilities, duties, personnel and records of the Adminis- 
 trative Oil and Fuel Branches of the Fuel and Forage Division are hereby 
 transferred to the Raw Materials and Paints Division of the Office of the 
 Director of Purchase. The Forage Branch of the Fuel and Forage Di- 
 vision is transferred to the Subsistence Division. The Fuel and Forage 
 Division is hereby abolished. Col. George E. Warren is designated as 
 Chief of the Raw Materials and Paints Division. 
 
 By authority of the Director of Purchase & Storage: 
 
 Benj. L. Jacobson 
 Lt. Col., Quartermaster Corps, 
 Executive Officer. 
 320.3 A-OR 
 S-4765/B 
 
 131 
 
EXHIBIT "H" 
 
 January 3, 1919. 
 
 Division Order] 
 No. 74. J 
 
 1. The following Branches are hereby established in the General 
 Supplies Division, together with the Officials in charge of each Branch, 
 effective January 1, 1919. 
 
 I — Branch No." 1 (Administrative) — Chief, Maj. J. H. Curtin 
 
 Ass't Chief, Lieut. H. F. 
 Murphy 
 
 (IA) —Contract & Purchase— Chief, Maj. E. A. Darr 
 
 Ass't Chief, Capt. C. W. Bliss 
 
 (IB) — Production & Inspection — Chief, Mr. K. D. George 
 
 Ass't Chief, Lieut. S. B. 
 Stewart 
 
 (IC) —Statistics— Chief, Capt. F. G. Rosin 
 
 Ass't Chief, Mr. Wm. Tenbroeck 
 
 (ID) — Office Service — Chief, Capt. H. E. Loomis 
 
 Ass't Chief, Lieut. J. F. Keeley 
 
 II — Branch No. 2 (Hardware & Hand Tools) — Chief, 
 
 Mr. E. A. Moye 
 Ass't Chief, Lieut. W. T. Davis 
 
 III — Branch No. 3 (Mess, Camp & Personal Equipment) — Chief, 
 
 Mr. M. A. Dunning 
 132 
 
Exhibit "H" 133 
 
 IV — Branch No. 4 (Office Equipment and Sundries) — Chief, 
 
 Maj. Geo. H. Richards 
 Ass't Chief, Capt. L. H. Sanford 
 Liaison and Interbureau — Chief, Mr. T. B. McKaig 
 
 Wm. A. Graham, Chief, 
 General Supplies Division. 
 
EXHIBIT "I" 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 PURCHASE, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION 
 
 GENERAL STAFF 
 
 Purchase & Supply Branch, 
 
 Washington, D. C, July 25, 191! 
 
 Supply Circular) 
 No. 62. J 
 
 Subject: CONSOLIDATION OF PROCUREMENT— GENERAL 
 HARDWARE. 
 
 1. In accordance with the terms of Supply Circular No. 2, dated 
 May 8, 1918, "Consolidation of procurement, " except as modified herein, 
 on and after August 10, 191 8, the Quartermaster Corps shall have sole 
 charge for the Army of making all purchases, following production, con- 
 ducting inspection, and making acceptance of and payment for all kitchen 
 and tableware, cutlery, mess equipment, stoves, ranges, and supplies, 
 shelf hardware, blacksmiths', farriers', and wheelwrights' hardware, horse- 
 shoes, horseshoe nails, cobblers' and saddlery hardware, and marine hard- 
 ware, except as may be modified by mutual agreement between the issuing 
 and the procuring bureaus, and approved by the Director of Purchase, 
 Storage, and Traffic. 
 
 2. Exceptions to the above are : 
 
 (a) The Corps of Engineers shall continue, as heretofore, to 
 have complete charge of the procurement of all bolts for their own 
 use. 
 
 (b) The Construction Division shall continue, as heretofore, 
 to have complete charge of the procurement of all room heaters. 
 
 134 
 
Exhibit "I" i35 
 
 3. The foregoing instructions supersede all previous instructions 
 issued on these subjects by any bureau of the War Department. 
 By authority of the Secretary of War: 
 
 Geo. W. Goethals, 
 
 Major General, Assistant Chief of Staff, Direc- 
 tor of Purchases, Storage, and Traffic. 
 
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 
 Officers 
 
 Honorary President, Mr. Wm. A. Graham 
 President, Maj. George H. Richards 
 ist Vice President, Mr. W. F. Fusting 
 2d Vice President, Mr. M. A. Dunning 
 3d Vice President, Miss Agnes R. Wood 
 4th Vice President, Lieut. John F. Keeley 
 Corresponding Secretary, Maj. Earl A. Darr 
 Recording Secretary, Capt. Carl W. Bliss 
 Treasurer, Mr. James Wilson, 3D 
 
 Board of Governors 
 
 Mr. Wm. A. Graham 
 Lieut. Col. H. P. Hill 
 Mr. A. S. Rogers 
 Mr. George W. Welles 
 Mr. W. F. Fusting 
 Maj. Earl A. Darr 
 Maj. Joseph Odlin 
 Mr. Thomas B. McKaig 
 
 This Association came into existence as a direct result of 
 the business of winning the war. We, the members of the 
 
 136 
 
Alumni Association 137 
 
 General Supplies Division (formerly the Hardware and Metals 
 Division) , were assembled in Washington from all parts of the 
 United States. We had originally been a branch of the Quar- 
 termaster Corps, but on November 1, 191 8, were transferred 
 to the office of the Director of Purchase which was under the 
 jurisdiction of the Division of Purchase and Storage. For a 
 number of months we had worked together in close unity for a 
 common cause. 
 
 The cause in itself was an extraordinary one. The selecting, 
 training, and outfitting of a military organization in process of 
 hurried making called for a business equipment of vast pro- 
 portions. We were a part of an army behind an army, and our 
 work, though carried on far from the field of battle, was no less 
 an offering of earnest endeavor and willing sacrifice. 
 
 In the long hours of service, many ties of friendship were 
 fashioned, and after the signing of the armistice as one by one 
 we bade farewell to our associates, there came the realization 
 that we of the General Supplies Division had more than a 
 passing feeling of kindliness for each other. We had worked 
 with a harmony of purpose under the guidance of a man whose 
 slogan was " Team-work!" and we found ourselves sincerely 
 regretting the final severance of all ties. 
 
 Then it was that an Alumni Association was proposed by 
 Mr. A. S. Rogers and met with the same unanimous approval 
 which had characterized our doings, both business and social, 
 from the beginning — an Alumni Association which would mean 
 to us what the veteran associations will mean to the officers 
 and men of the field army. It was a typical deed of our 
 Division and the logical outcome of our friendly relationship. 
 The first official act of the Alumni Association was the issu- 
 ing of the present book, and it is the intention of the Association 
 to send out a year book, which may perhaps be no more than 
 a collection of letters from members of the G. S. D., but which 
 will bring pleasantly to mind Washington days and doings. 
 
138 "As You Were" 
 
 There has already been formed the following-named com- 
 mittees, the functions of which exp 1 ain themselves: 
 
 Standing Committees — Alumni Association 
 
 (i) Committee on Publications: 
 
 Mr. Alfred S. Rogers, Chairman, 381 Fourth Ave., New York City. 
 
 Lieut. John Kendrick Bangs, Jr. 
 Mr. Franklin Dickerman 
 Lieut. Gerald J. Dunphy 
 Mr. Charles B. Rosengren 
 Miss Agnes R. Wood 
 
 (2) Committee on Business Arrangements: 
 
 Mr. S. Buegeleisen, Chairman, 113 University PI., New York City. 
 
 Miss Frances Benedict 
 Capt. S. N. Can- 
 Miss Ruth W. Cleaver 
 Mr. Charles H. Garity 
 Mr. Frederick Gretch 
 Capt. H. E. Zuver 
 
 (3) Committee on Entertainments: 
 
 Mr. Irving Berlin, Chairman, 30 West 70th St., New York City. 
 
 Mr. Elwood H. Antrim 
 Miss Mary Beisser 
 Miss Tonette Benson 
 Miss Dorothy E. Caldwell 
 Capt. Arthur S. Dunning 
 Miss Marion Leeds 
 Capt. Louis Phillippi 
 Mr. George W. Schoemer 
 Lieut. S. B. Stewart 
 
 (4) Committee on Legal Affairs: 
 
 Capt. Carl W. Bliss, Chairman, Room 3735 Munitions Bldg., 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Capt. Charles Dashiell 
 Mr. Morgan B. Garlock 
 Mr. David Vesey 
 Mr. A. Zoller 
 
A. S. Rogers 
 
 The Originator of the Alumni Association 
 
Alumni Association 139 
 
 (5) Committee on Aid to Employment: 
 
 Lieut. Col. Harry L. Arnold, Chairman, c/o Terre Haute Malle- 
 able & Mfg. Co., 
 Terre Haute, Indiana. 
 
 Mr. A. W. Buddenberg, Canandaigua, N. Y. 
 
 Capt. Joseph F. Conway, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mr. Arthur A. Devlin, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Mr. George S. Ebbert, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Mr. Stanley St. J. Eshelman, New Orleans, La. 
 
 Lieut. J. D. J. Farneman, South Bend, Ind. 
 
 Lieut. John F. Keeley, New York City. 
 
 Capt. H. E. Loomis, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Mr. Edward A. Moye, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Capt. D. P. O'Brien, New York City. 
 
 Capt. T. W. S. Phillips, New York City. 
 
 Capt. Francis M. Sharp, Joplin, Mo. 
 
 Capt. Wm. E. Standart, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Mr. Guy E. Warren, Duluth, Minn. 
 
 (6) Committee on Information: 
 
 Mr. J. F. Kriel, Jr., Chairman, Wrightsville Hardware Co.. 
 
 Wrightsville, Pa. 
 
 Mr. Nikola Banitch 
 Capt. J. E. Diemer 
 Mr. K. D. George 
 Mr. James Wilson, 3d 
 
 It is the wish of the Officers and the Board of Governors of 
 the Alumni Association that each member of the General 
 Supplies Division thinks of the Association as a real Alma 
 Mater, and to this end let us each and all hereby pledge our- 
 selves to an earnest and continued support of the Alumni Asso- 
 ciation of the General Supplies Division. 
 
 The souvenir book was originally the idea of Mr. A. S. 
 Rogers, who was in charge of Section i-A, Procurement Branch 
 No. 1, and Miss Agnes R. Wood was appointed by the Alumni 
 
140 "As You Were" 
 
 Association as Editor-in-Chief. Owing to ill-health, however, 
 she was forced to place the editorial work in other hands for 
 completion. 
 
 Miss Wood was in charge of the welfare work of the General 
 Supplies Division, and perhaps in the entire War Department 
 personnel no one could have been found better qualified than 
 she by training as well as by natural proclivities for this im- 
 portant branch of the business of winning the war. Her sym- 
 pathies were quick and ready, and her admirable poise made 
 her a wise counselor in time of need. 
 
 On arriving in Washington, each new war worker assigned 
 to the General Supplies Division reported to Miss Wood. She 
 it was who helped them select the particular niche into which 
 they best fitted, and to find a suitable place to live. Miss Wood 
 by her innate sympathy conveyed to the newcomers a feeling 
 of welcome which firmly established her in the esteem of the 
 girls. In many ways she endeared herself to every member of 
 the Division, and it is the desire of the entire Editorial Staff 
 that the book be considered as the work of her heart if not of 
 her hand. 
 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES SERVICE PIN 
 
 ■ 
 
 It has been decided to adopt a service pin, which can be 
 worn by civilian members of the General Supplies Division. 
 This pin will be patterned on the Quartermaster insignia with 
 the letters "G S" for the General Supplies Division attached 
 thereto, with a V-shaped bar or chevron also attached to 
 represent six months' service with the Division. 
 
 The following rules were adopted to show just what mem- 
 bers of the Division would be entitled to wear this service pin : 
 
 (a) Six months' service to begin any time subsequent to February 
 26, 191 8, when the Hardware and Metals Branch was formed, and prior 
 to the signing of the armistice, November 11, 1918. 
 
Alumni Association 141 
 
 (b) If a person has been six months in the Quartermaster Corps, 
 three months or less having been spent in some other Division, and the 
 last three months or more in this Division, they shall be entitled to a 
 service pin. 
 
 (c) On the other hand, if a person has been in this Division and has 
 been transferred to some other Division in the Quartermaster Corps, they 
 must have served at least the first four months in this Division, and two 
 months after transfer to any other Division of the Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 (d) Any person who has served six months in this Division since 
 February 28, 1918, even though not a member at this time, is entitled 
 to a pin. 
 
 (e) Any person coming into this Division since the signing of the 
 armistice, and who has not previously served in any other Division of the 
 Quartermaster Corps, shall not be entitled to a "G S" service chevron. 
 
 (/) If, however, there are a sufficient number in this Division who are 
 not entitled to the service chevron, but who would like the Gold Quarter- 
 master pin with the letters "G S" attached, this will be procured if 
 possible. 
 
 The cost of this pin is not definitely known, but it is be- 
 lieved that it will be in the neighborhood of $3.00 and certainly 
 not more than $5.00. 
 
 It is suggested that all former members of the General 
 Supplies Division who desire one of these service pins com- 
 municate with Mr. James Wilson, 3d, Secretary of the General 
 Supplies Alumni Association, Munitions Building, Washington, 
 P. C, 
 
IT COSTS $10,000 TO WASH THE WINDOWS ONCE 
 
 To walk through the Navy and the Munitions, or War 
 Department, Buildings to make an inspection of the radiators, 
 a man would have to travel twenty-five miles ; to make a circuit 
 of the corridors alone, would mean a tramp of twelve miles. 
 
 There are nine wings in the Navy Building and eight in the 
 Munitions Building, each wing being sixty feet wide and five 
 hundred feet long. If the wings and the headhouses were 
 placed end to end, they would make a three-story building 
 sixty feet wide and nearly two miles long. The floor area of 
 the buildings is equal to the width of Pennsylvania Avenue 
 between the curbs (160 ft.) from the Capitol to Aqueduct 
 Bridge in Georgetown and back to 26th Street, a distance of 
 four and a half miles. 
 
 The building which nearest approaches these Washington 
 buildings in size is the Equitable Building in New York, which 
 is forty-one stories high and has 1,700,000 sq. ft. of floor space. 
 This building was under construction for nearly twenty-one 
 months, while the Navy and War Buildings, which cover a 
 floor area of almost forty-two acres, were constructed in less 
 than six months. The latter buildings were begun on March 
 25, 1918, and the moving-in began on August 16th. By Octo- 
 ber 7th, all wings of both buildings were occupied. 
 
 It would take six such structures as the State, War, and 
 Navy Buildings, which cover the whole of a long city block, to 
 provide equal floor space. In fact, the area of the halls, toilets, 
 and stairways, alone, of the Navy and the Munitions Buildings 
 
 142 
 

»0\ 
 
 MUNITIONS BUILDING 
 
 Goodbye, Munitions! Your vaulted walls 
 That housed the hopes and plans of war's 
 direction 
 
 Will soon be haunted by the echoing tread 
 Of those who hexe have served their 
 
 Country's need, and then passed on 
 To once again take up the lines that 
 
 He or she let fall. Goodbye! 
 
 When each shall journey back 
 
 To that small niche in life that 
 We call home, we know our hearts will 
 
 Spur our minds to recollections 
 Of the hours spent here, and add 
 
 A touch of joy as well as sadness for the 
 Days that were and cannot be again. 
 
 The friendships that were born within 
 Your far stretched wings will bind 
 
 Us in a closer brotherhood, and in 
 
 The years that lie ahead where many 
 
 Paths will cross, we know a happy fate 
 Will guide our course so that 
 
 In passing we shall meet again. 
 
 Your channeled corridors where 
 Youthful feet would pause to be 
 
 O'ertaken by a quick familiar tread, 
 
 Will hold the echoes of a thousand trysts — 
 
 Witness to words and theme that, when 
 Those who used them pass their way to 
 dust 
 
 Will answer for the generation then. 
 
 And so Goodbye! When other claims 
 Shall call your space to further use, 
 
 Your sturdy walls will lend their aid 
 And serve the needs of those who ask 
 
 Your help. Goodbye! And may the 
 Years to come serve but to glorifiy 
 
 Your uses, and make your present purpose 
 clear. Goodbye! 
 
 L. A. PHILLIPPI, 
 Captain, Q.M.C. 
 
 S& 
 
It Costs $10,000 to Wash the Windows Once 143 
 
 exceed by 30% the entire office area of the State, War, and 
 Navy Buildings. If the Navy and the Munitions Buildings 
 were available for rental, they would bring in not less than 
 $1,000,000 per annum. 
 
 The Munitions Building is divided into a headhouse run- 
 ning east and west which is sixty feet wide and 780 feet long. 
 The eight wings run north and south, which gives each wing a 
 court forty feet wide and five hundred feet long. This court 
 supplies a maximum of light and air for the offices. The wings 
 are connected at various points by three corridors on each floor, 
 and a corridor on the second floor connects the War Depart- 
 ment Building with the Navy Building. 
 
 The first time the windows were washed, the bill was 
 $10,000. In these windows there are eighteen carloads of glass 
 and three carloads of putty. Of the windows twenty thousand 
 have shades which cost $70,000. 
 
 The Munitions Building, at the time of the signing of the 
 armistice, housed some eight thousand employees, many of 
 whom were girls. For them principally, numerous rest-rooms 
 were provided and an occasional piano, that the girls might 
 dance in the rest periods. They are also permitted to eat their 
 luncheons and even give an occasional simple farewell dinner 
 party to some departing associate in these welfare rooms. The 
 Government treats its employees with consideration; in fact, 
 the welfare of the Government employee is a recognized part of 
 the business of winning the war and has been carefully studied 
 through all the busy days of the past year. 
 
 The Navy Building has a post-office with every feature of a 
 main post-office, and a First Aid Station. In both buildings 
 there are railroad offices where one may buy tickets to any 
 point, as well as parlor car seats. The Army Building has a 
 first-class dispensary, with doctors and trained nurses in 
 attendance, and both buildings have various Emergency 
 Rooms each in charge of a trained nurse. 
 
i44 "As You Were" 
 
 The electric call-bell system took 520 miles of insulated 
 wire, and with its 5000 push-buttons cost $20,000. The cost of 
 the linoleum for the office floors was $400,000. In the build- 
 ings are 8 carloads of nails, 314 carloads, or 7,500,000 feet, of 
 lumber, more than 24 miles of heating piping, 695 miles of 
 electric wiring, 15,000 lighting fixtures, and 8)4 acres of steel 
 sash. 
 
 The height of the first story is 12^2 feet, and of the upper 
 two, 12 feet each. The total cubical contents of the buildings 
 are 25,000,000 cubic feet. It took 3,000,000 square feet of 
 roofing to cover both buildings, and a 40-inch storm sewer }4 
 mile long to carry off the rain. 
 
 There is a cafeteria in each building, which can seat 1200 
 persons at one time and serve 6000 meals a day. Electric 
 carriers running along the walls carry all dishes back to the 
 kitchen, which is in the center of each dining-room and is 
 400 feet long. 
 
 In the Navy Building, a transatlantic radio system makes 
 possible quick transaction of business. From the central office 
 may be operated by remote control all naval high-power radio 
 transmitting stations. By operating a key in this office, a 
 message may be sent directly to Europe, or received from there. 
 Ships at sea may communicate by wireless with this office of 
 the Navy Department. 
 
 Prior to the signing of the armistice, there were 1900 
 telephone connections in the Munitions Building, with a daily 
 average of 65,000 calls. The Communication Branch handled 
 about 92,000 pieces of mail matter and 1800 telegrams and 
 cablegrams each day. 
 
 The Navy and the Munitions Buildings are of reinforced 
 concrete throughout with steel sash, and are on pile founda- 
 tions. The total quantity of concrete used was 68,000 yards, 
 with 4500 tons of steel reinforcing bars. Never before has a 
 poured concrete building of so large a floor area been attempted 
 
It Costs $10,000 to Wash the Windows Once H5 
 
 in one operation. The pouring of the concrete framework has 
 established a record for this kind of construction. The maxi- 
 mum yardage for one day was 1750 cubic yards, equivalent to a 
 section of the building 400 feet long and 60 feet wide and three 
 stories high. 
 
 It was not expected that piles would be needed, but the 
 location proved to be a part of the old river-bed, and 5048 
 concrete and composite piles, some of them fifty-two feet long, 
 had to be driven. These difficulties, and the greater one of the 
 steadily increasing cost and constant replacement of labor, 
 swelled the figures of the estimate, as did also the inclusion of 
 items not originally contemplated. 
 
 The buildings, complete with outside improvements such 
 as pavements, fences, and sewer, and interior equipment such 
 as cafeterias, call-bells, window shades, and linoleum, cost 
 $7,042,498, to which should be added $222,205 f° r steam main 
 and rotary converter equipment, or a total of $7,264,703. 
 
 The manager of this vast project was Commander A. L. 
 Parsons, Civil Engineer Corps, U. S. N., and the officer in 
 charge was Lieutenant O. A. Mechline, of the Civil Engineer 
 Corps, Naval Reserves. It has been said that the buildings 
 not only represent a most moderate outlay considering the 
 price of labor, but that they are the best type of office building 
 to be found anywhere in the world. 
 
" 1800 VIRGINIA AVENUE" 
 
 All the original members of the Hardware and Metals 
 Division will remember 1800 Virginia Avenue as the old build- 
 ing of the Quartermaster Corps. It was here each person 
 reported for duty on arriving in Washington, and it is that 
 building that will stand out in memory as the place where one 
 was first initiated into the mysteries of Government war work. 
 From that building, too, issued the telegrams with their cryptic 
 signature, "Wood Hardware Graham " which brought together 
 the men who were to guide the activities of the Division 
 through the strenuous months of 1918. 
 
 The building which covers the entire square bounded by 
 Virginia Avenue, B Street, N. W., and 18th and 19th Streets 
 is of cement, two stories in height. The construction of this 
 building was a marvel of speed, for ground was broken the 
 first week in March, 191 8, and on May 18th, or a little over 
 two months, the building was occupied by the branch of the 
 Quartermaster Corps for which it was built. Under normal 
 conditions, it would have taken this period of time to complete 
 the working plans alone for a building of this size. 
 
 146 
 
SOCIAL EVENTS 
 
 There was little time for social affairs while the war was on. 
 The personnel were in Washington to work, and work they did ! 
 The task seemed too serious, too intense for thoughts of play. 
 A few social events were arranged, nevertheless, for their 
 necessary relaxation and to keep alive the espri de corps that 
 permeated every section of the Division. When it was work, 
 it was all work ! But when the personnel played, war momen- 
 tarily was forgotten. 
 
 147 
 
i48 "As You Were" 
 
 The outings were participated in by everyone — Division 
 and Branch Chiefs, commissioned officers, enlisted men, and 
 civilians. 
 
 On August 27, 191 8, H & M Order No. 231 was issued, and 
 read as follows : — 
 
 Q. C. P. 
 H&M23 
 
 August 27, 19 1 8. 
 
 From : Happiness and Merriment Division 
 To: Country Club House, 3901 Wisconsin Avenue 
 Subject: Procurement Authorization Q. C. P. (Quartermaster Corps 
 Picnic) 
 
 1. The Country Club House is authorized to have on hand after 
 4:30 P.M. next Thursday, August 29, 191 8, the following items in suffi- 
 cient quantities for all the 231 employees of the Hardware & Metals Div- 
 sion and their friends : 
 
 Fine Chow, including ice cream and dainty eats such as the ladies 
 like but upon which the Food Administration looks askance. 
 
 Jigs, reels, and flings, as well as fox-trots, one-steps, and numerous 
 other terpsichorean fandagos. 
 
 Music, an overpurchase in this will be permitted. Everyone will be 
 given an opportunity to display his talents or toot his horn. 
 
 Rowing, paddling, splashing, and any boat sports that will get us into 
 practice in order that H & M employees may not appear as novices next 
 summer when boating on the Rhine under the Stars and Stripes ! 
 
 Last but not least — Fresh air, sunshine, laughter, and good fellowship. 
 
 2. Exact quantities will be furnished you by the Picnic Quarter- 
 master, Miss A. R. Wood, after she has received, not later than next 
 Tuesday morning, notification from all who intend to go to the picnic. 
 
 3. This shipment is not for overseas, but simply to the banks of the 
 beautiful Potomac. No one will get lost and everyone will have a good 
 time. Simply pile into the Q. M. C. trucks, and you will be taken to the 
 right place. 
 
 4. Cost is estimated not to exceed fifty cents per person. 
 
 5. This authorization cancels all existing authorizations for working 
 after 4 30 next Thursday or any previous engagement. 
 
 Everybody go! Let's don't be slackers! Everybody volunteer and 
 
Social Events H9 
 
 thus show his patriotism towards the H & M and towards each other. 
 Will you go with us and get your share ? We can't all be Over There, but 
 as our war work is a help to the boys who are fighting the Huns, we can 
 help them fight better by making ourselves fit and occasionally relieving 
 the wear and tear. Picnics help! We'll be there! Will you be there? 
 By the authority of the Acting Picnic Quartermaster, 
 
 A. R. Wood. 
 
 By; 
 
 Corporal Tonette Benson, 
 
 Approved : Chief of Picnicking Branch 
 
 Ruth M. Cleaver Happiness and Merriment 
 
 Sergt. Kitchen Police. Division. 
 
 Special travel orders were given to a few invited guests: 
 
 No. One ate one, too 
 
 From : . Happiness and Merriment Division. 
 
 Subject: Travel Orders. 
 
 i. You are hereby directed to proceed on Thursday, August 29, 1918, 
 from 1800 Virginia Avenue, Washington, D. C, to the Country Club, 
 3901 Wisconsin Avenue on temporary pleasure of approximately one (1) 
 evening on unofficial business connected with the Happiness and Mer- 
 riment Division, and on completion of such pleasure to return to your 
 proper slumbers, this City. 
 
 2. The Picnic Quartermaster Crowd will furnish the necessary trans- 
 portation and Pullman accommodations, and in lieu of actual expenses 
 you will be allowed one meal per diem for the period spent in making 
 yourself agreeable and for the first thirty minutes to which you will be 
 limited in making a speech to the assembly, under existing Salvation 
 Army Regulations. 
 
 3. The travel directed is necessary for the pleasure of the Happiness 
 
 and Merriment Division. 
 
 By authority of the Acting Picnic Quartermaster, 
 
 A. R. Wood. 
 
 Travel Order No. 23 
 
 After office hours, large Q. M. C. trucks were lined up on 
 the B Street side of the old Quartermaster building. The 
 
150 "As You Were" 
 
 trucks were packed chuck-full of girls with just enough men to 
 keep them from rattling, and the picnickers were off to the 
 Country Club House. When the grounds were reached the real 
 fun began. There was dancing indoors for those who would, 
 but the majority preferred to linger outside. 
 
 A sports program included the following events : 
 
 (i) i oo- Yard Race for Ladies. 
 
 The entrants were of all sorts and conditions of girls — fat. 
 short, long-drawn out, and the sawed-off , hammered-down kind, 
 
 The race started off with Miss Vivian Davis in the lead. 
 Evidently the official starter was not satisfied with the pros- 
 pective winner, and a new start was ordered. The second 
 start met with no opposition or shouts of "Foul," "Unfair," 
 etc., and Miss Davis was again the lead. Womanlike, she fell 
 — probably to wreck the race — and then there was a tumbling 
 pile of femininity and a few sights! After the wreck was 
 cleared, the race was on again, with Miss Marian Long footing 
 it like a streak of lightning straight into the arms of the judges. 
 No one ever ran so swiftly "to arms" before. 
 
 Time: O : O (?) 
 Prize: Q. M. C. Pin 
 
 (2) 1 00- Yard Race Scratch for Men. 
 
 This was just as sightly (or unsightly !) as the girls' race, 
 for there happen to be lean and lanky as well as stout and 
 stubby men in this Division, and all entered. Each put his 
 "rear foot" on the line, with the other at a distance in front 
 limited only by the curb of his physical makeup. Some time 
 having elapsed since many of the runners had indulged in this 
 strenuous sport, and the grace of youth having in the meantime 
 been enwrapped in layers of avoirdupois, those in the sidelines 
 enjoyed a rare treat. The runners were of all classes from 
 the slow tortoise to the fleet-footed greyhound type. One of 
 
Clip-counting contest. No adding machines 
 allowed 
 
 Then the band played " at the end of a 
 perfect day " 
 
Social Events 151 
 
 the latter, Lyman Barry, from Contract and Purchase, won the 
 race and the Five-Dollar War Saving Stamp. 
 
 (3) Tug-of-War for Men. Officers vs. Civilians and Enlisted 
 Men. Ten Men to a Side. 
 
 After lubricating his hands in the approved manner, each 
 contestant grasped the rope. This rope, by the way, was of 
 gigantic proportions and must have been the kind which 
 James Wilson 3d bought to pull rolling kitchens up Kemmel 
 Hill. The view of the spectators was obscured by clouds of 
 dust raised by the flounderings of the pullers. Private Fuller, 
 captain of the Civilians' and Enlisted Men's Team, shouted, 
 "Pull for the shore, boys!" But there was no shore, for 
 Lieutenant Farneman's stalwart officers, reminding one of a 
 huge centipede sprawling on the ground, won. 
 
 (4) Tug-of-War for Ladies. Administration, Contract and 
 Purchase, and Inspection Branches, Miss Tonette Benson, 
 Captain, vs. Procurement Branches Nos. 1-2-3-4, Miss 
 Marjory Harrison, Captain. 
 
 The daintily manicured hands of the fair contestants were 
 hardly large enough to grasp the immense rope. Miss Harrison 
 selected Miss Delia Ryan as her "end man," and Miss Mary 
 Beisser occupied the same position for Miss Benson (who, as a 
 matter of fact, needed no assistance!). At the start of the 
 tugging each girl planted one foot on terra firma, and the other 
 —well, elsewhere! The two "end men" stood firm for a min- 
 ute, and then there was a break. The Benson Amazons had 
 pulled their opponents across the line. The winners received 
 a Q. M. C. pin. 
 
 (5) Clip Counting Contest. 
 
 This event was limited to the Division Chief, Assistant 
 Division Chief, and the Branch Chiefs. The committee con- 
 sidered this event of too hazardous a nature for the youthful 
 
152 "As You Were" 
 
 members and the women and girls of the Division. The 
 strenuous sport required dexterous manipulations and decisive 
 action that could be only entrusted to maturity. 
 
 The participants were : Mr. W. A. Graham, Colonel H. P. Hill, 
 Major T. M. Lynch, Mr. W. F. Fusting, Mr. George W. Welles, 
 Major G. H. Richards, Major W. J. Peck, and Major E. A. Darr. 
 
 The Chiefs sat in a ring on the lawn, each with a glass bowl 
 of paper clips — the pointed brass kind — and at the appointed 
 signal proceeded to count the spiny things. The Chiefs were 
 not to be distracted by the shouting and guying of the bystand- 
 ers and gave by their action a rare example of concentration 
 to the other members of the Division. Colonel Hill and Major 
 Richards tied in the count, but in the draw, the prize, a box of 
 cigars, was awarded to Major Richards. 
 
 (6) Knife and Fork Contest. Scratch. Open to all. 
 
 Whatever hesitancy the picnickers displayed in entering 
 the competitions in the other events vanished at the call to 
 1 ' eats. ' ' There was soon a raid on the picnic plates heaped high 
 with sandwiches — Manhattan, club, cheese and ham — salads, 
 pickles, fruits. Coffee, cake, and ice cream were passed around. 
 The dinner, both copious and delectable, could not withstand 
 the rush and the food disappeared as rapidly as it arrived. 
 
 Colonel Hill was seen to drink five cups of coffee, and 
 Lieutenant Hellinger ate four bricks of ice cream, and they are 
 both still alive! Mr. Graham's instructions for several days 
 previous to the picnic, "Be sure to have plenty to eat!" were 
 carried out with a vengeance. 
 
 After dinner, the Camp Meigs band played Smiles, There's 
 a Long, Long Trail, Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Ki 
 Bag, Over There, and Keep the Home Fires Burning. The pic- 
 nickers sang themselves hoarse. 
 
 Everyone danced, crowded in the clubhouse postage-stamp- 
 like, or for those who wanted more room, on the lawn. 
 
Social Events 153 
 
 The outing was one long to be remembered and made living, 
 although in Washington, a joy. 
 
 Everyone liked the picnic so well that there were clamors 
 for another pink tea. One good thing follows another, and so 
 an informal dancing party was arranged. The rhythmic 
 invitation follows : 
 
 FRIDAY EVENING theptember twenty-theventh at 
 
 ATE O'CLOCK ith the 
 
 TIME when our nexth 
 
 THOTHUL GATHERING will 
 
 COMMENTH in the gymnathium of the 
 
 WILTHON NORMAL THKULE the 
 
 ORKETHTRA from kamp 
 
 MEGTH will furnith the 
 
 MUTHIC for 
 
 DANTHING bring your 
 
 BO if he ith in 
 
 FRANTH perhapth a 
 
 TEMPORARY BO will do 
 
 IF YOU ARE A THTRANGER and don't 
 
 NO ENYONE hear 
 
 COME ENYHOW we will try to 
 
 DO THE RETHT 
 
 DON'T BE BATHFUL becauth you are 
 
 MARRIED and your wife in the kountry 
 
 DON'T MITH THITH OPPORTUNITY 
 
 TAKE ELEVENTH or fourteenth thtreet 
 
 CARTH get off at 
 
 HARVARD THTREET then walk to the 
 
 KORNER OF TWELFTH and harvard 
 
 IF YOU DON'T DANTH we will 
 
 FIND THOMETHING elth for you to 
 
 ENJOY admithion fifty thenth a kuple 
 
 COME EVRYONE and have a 
 
 KORKING GOOD TIME 
 
 I THANK YOU 
 
 T. N. T. 
 
i54 "As You Were" 
 
 Again the Camp Meigs boys inspired the dancers with 
 their peppy music. There was good cheer for those on the 
 floor, and those in the gallery had their share of the fun like- 
 wise. It was a typical General Supplies Division evening, 
 which is the whole story. 
 
 The lifting of the "Flu" ban and the resumption of the 
 "freedom of the seas" in Washington resulted in a getting - 
 together of the Division to shout their joy from the housetops. 
 Dyer Hall, on 15th and R Streets, was a gay and festive place 
 on the night of November 6th. 
 
 CHARGE TO 
 
 GOVERNMENT RATE. 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM. 
 
 OFFICIAL BUSINESS. 
 
 — — K- HPH 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Nov. 4, 1918. 
 10:30 A.M. 
 
 U B THERE 
 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 
 GREAT EXCITEMENT! PROMINENT PEOPLE IN GENERAL 
 SUPPLIES DIVISION INVOLVED IN GIGANTIC SCHEME 
 AFFECTING WHOLE DIVISION! PLOT WILL BE DIVULGED 
 ON WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER SIXTH AT EIGHT PM AT 
 DYER HALL 1519 R ST N W YOU ARE SUMMONED AS A WIT- 
 NESS FINE FIFTY CENTS REVELRY! DEVILTRY! SONG 
 AND DANCE ! MARDI GRAS ! 
 
 GRAHAM GENERALLY SUPPLIES EVERYTHING 
 
 TAKE 14th ST CAR GET OFF AT R ST WALK TO 1519 
 THIS TELEGRAM RECEIPTED WILL ADMIT YOU 
 
 An elaborate program, from speech-making to wrestling, 
 had been planned. After our feminine comedians and song 
 
Three roses on a single bush 
 
Social Events 155 
 
 birds had contributed very creditably their part in the even- 
 ing's entertainment, the male element was given a chance. 
 The evening, with periods of dancing, wore on and the wax on 
 the floors wore off, helped by the heels of the heavy hardware 
 henchmen. Captain Dunning had had a Stitching Horse 
 made to his order, with goggles for eyes and manila rope for a 
 tail. This was a bear as a plaything, but called down male- 
 dictions on the heads of the guests from the hostess and custo- 
 dian of the hall, who was perched on the top step. 
 
 Our Barber of Seville, H. E. Le Compte, bedecked with 
 pots, pans, and kettles, did the vendor act, and thus put the 
 Kitchen and Camp Equipment Branch on the map. Being 
 unable to dispose of his goods at public auction, he was forced 
 to donate them to Lieutenant Jones, as the man most press- 
 ingly in need of them. 
 
 "No refreshments are to be taken upstairs!" now came 
 from the motherly, but reproving, person on the top step. 
 The refreshments proved to be glasses of cider and platters of 
 doughnuts, such as mother used to make. Not many min- 
 utes later, the glasses and platters were empty. The wine, 
 women, and song of the evening had dispersed any remaining 
 thoughts of the "flu," and all went home happy. 
 
 Recollections of the splendid party given by Branch No. 4 
 at the Central High School on November 22, 19 18, are still 
 vivid in the minds of all attending. For the benefit of the few 
 members of the Division who were unable to attend, it is only 
 necessary to say that the Atta Boy Company from Camp 
 Meigs, with their splendid band, was never in better form. 
 Captain Frank Tinney almost drove his audience into hysterics. 
 
 And then our friends from the "Follies," Eddie Cantor, 
 W. C. Fields, Will Rogers, Burt Savoy, and J. Brennan, and 
 last but not least, Anne Pennington. No one will ever forget 
 them. 
 
 Good-by France, sung by the author, Sergeant Irving Berlin, 
 
156 
 
 'lAs You Were" 
 
 for the first time in public, was a fitting finale to a splendid 
 performance. 
 
 This party was attended by Secretary Baker, Generals 
 Wood, Lord, and Rose, and was without doubt the finest 
 entertainment given in the city of Washington during the year. 
 The feelings of everyone in the Division were very fittingly 
 expressed by Major Darr in his poem, which is quoted below: 
 
 From: Major Earl A. Darr. 
 To: Branch Four. 
 
 Subject : A mighty good time. 
 
 VIVE BRANCH FOUR 
 
 To those our Hosts of Friday e'en, 
 
 The thanks of Contracts Branch are given ! 
 
 What memories of rare delight, 
 
 Recall to us a happier night ? 
 
 Great family assembled there, 
 
 Girls, boys and men and ladies fair. 
 
 In last reunion ere we turn 
 
 T'ward distant lands where home fires burn. 
 
 Dragged down to dust the vaunting Hun, 
 
 What proper more than yield to fun ? 
 
 To merriment an hour give in, 
 
 Be entertained by Irv Berlin, 
 
 Shall we forget in transient joy, 
 
 The songs, jokes, verse of "Atta Boy," 
 
 Can Ziegfeld's Follies' jolly troupe 
 
 Be soon forgotten by our group? 
 
 Young officers 'tis true were bored 
 
 By grim analogies to Ford, 
 
 But when from laughter sides were pressed, 
 
 Could we console their feelings stressed? 
 
 Who would not clap at Rogers' fun, 
 
 At dancing of Anne Pennington ? 
 
 He's dead to mirth whose smile ne'er yields 
 
 To golf as played by Will C. Fields. 
 
Social Events 157 
 
 Those living models richly gowned, 
 A way to fair hearts quickly found, 
 But oh ! the pent-up laughter, when 
 Their voice and feet betrayed them men. 
 Squad drill, per Camp Meigs illustrate 
 Was, humorously, simply great. 
 Alas ! How seldom General March 
 May quench his thirsty palate's parch. 
 
 So followed clever wits galore 
 
 Each meriting sincere encore. 
 
 The one lone fault that evening found, 
 
 Was this, the clock too swift swept round. 
 
 Too little time the dancers had, 
 
 But what boots that, all hearts were glad, 
 
 If anyone went glum to bed, 
 
 True melancholy crowns his head. 
 
 Here's looking at you, good Branch Four. 
 To Major Richards thanks outpour, 
 Should he t'ward politics be bent, 
 We nominate him President. 
 Should charts defective from him come, 
 The Contracts Branch will keep it mum. 
 Three cheers we give for Good Branch Four, 
 For all the Q. M. C. three more. 
 
 Our Division had already taken part in two Victory cele- 
 brations — the false-alarm one of November 7th, and the real 
 one on November nth. But no one was loath to continue 
 with any number of such. This time it was a song and dance. 
 Mr. Henry Lansburgh, of Lansburgh Bros., kindly placed 
 at our disposal the beautiful new Odd Fellows Hall on 7th 
 Street, and December 3d was the date decided upon for our 
 Victory dance. 
 
 VICTORY DANCE 
 
 Attention ye of General Supplies, 
 A notice which to all applies ! 
 
158 "As You Were" 
 
 Don't say you knew not in advance 
 
 Of Hardware-Metals Victory Dance. 
 
 December third, that is the date, 
 
 The hour set, some after eight. 
 
 Locus and situs of the ball 
 
 Seventh Street, near E, Odd Fellows Hall. 
 
 Divisional Celebrities will come, 
 Camp Meigs' Orchestra will beat the drum. 
 Come round and join the merry whirls, 
 And see Berlin captured by the girls. 
 
 Chief Graham there will lead the fun, 
 Mr. Fusting will speak on what we've done. 
 No dance would ever fill the bill 
 Without the force of Sir Colonel Hill. 
 Majors Odlin, Curtin, Batchelor, Moore, 
 And Peck with grace will adorn the floor. 
 The courteous and gallant Cap. Dashiell 
 Will teach younger members how to spiel. 
 We ask Captain Thompson for that night 
 To keep the Underwoods from sight. 
 Friend Major Richards and his bunch 
 Will turn up that evening, we've a hunch. 
 Our Major Lynch, of gentle mien, 
 Surely will dance with every queen. 
 
 We'd motor-transport every lass 
 If Captain Loomis would give a pass. 
 If Colonel Arnold and his staff are there, 
 For miles of smiles you'd best prepare. 
 Some charmer please say to Captain Bliss, 
 This dance he should not, must not miss. 
 
 Ye hungry ones, too, just please observe, 
 
 Refreshments light the ladies will serve. 
 
 Lieutenant Keeley and his personnel 
 
 Will be there, you bet, and looking well. 
 
 There'll be to guard 'gainst troubles, 'tis understood, 
 
 Miss Calm-the-Waters Agnes Wood. 
 
Social Events 159 
 
 Should there be delays which none condones 
 
 They'll be adjusted by Mr. Jones. 
 
 So come and sign right as you are, 
 
 Contracts approved by Major Darr. 
 
 Tax is only fifty cents per head, 
 
 Might have been a dollar each instead. 
 
 Before we disband don't miss this chance, 
 
 Your one last opportunity to dance ! dance ! dance ! 
 
 This was a more formal affair, and the girls dug out cos- 
 tumes from bottom trays, while the officers had only to 
 purchase a fresh bottle of Carbona. The hall was most ap- 
 propriately decorated with flags of the Allied Nations with 
 our own Stars and Stripes in evidence everywhere. 
 
 The Ethiopian Sextette playing Jazz rhapsodies for the 
 dancers added "color" to the evening's entertainment with 
 their latest popular song hits. Unusual gayety and merriment 
 prevailed on that festal night, and when the orchestra struck up 
 "Till We Meet Again" as the last waltz, all sighed at the 
 thought of another pleasant evening receding into the recesses 
 of memory. 
 
 The invitation to our Christmas Tree Party on the evening 
 of December 18th read as follows: 
 
 AN INVITATION 
 
 There's to be a Division party and a farewell sort of show; 
 Merry Christmas 'n' everything; the story's here below. 
 
 The Time 
 
 At eight o'clock on Wednesday Eve 
 The Chiefs and Ladies will receive 
 Personnel and guests of this Division, 
 Be there on time; act with decision. 
 
 The Place 
 
 Twenty-four hundred Sixteenth Northwest, 
 Take either car, which suits you best ; 
 
160 "As You Were" 
 
 Mount Pleasant or Fourteenth will land you real near, 
 The location's quite simple; you've nothing to fear. 
 
 The Girl 
 
 This question is one which you must decide : 
 It may be your sweetheart or mother or bride. 
 There's just one point on which we must insist, 
 The girls must all be there; not one can be missed. 
 
 The Price 
 
 One simple gift each one must bring 
 Attached to it four feet of string, 
 It really shouldn't cost over a dime, 
 The odder it is, the better the time. 
 
 The Program 
 
 Reception first — no solemn affair — 
 
 And then old Santa you'll find there 
 
 ONE speech, SOME songs, and then some DANCES, 
 
 Refreshments — enough, you're taking no chances. 
 
 Time, Place, Girl, Price, Program — all explained, 
 
 Your absence really can't be; our "rep" must be maintained. 
 
 The ballroom in the beautiful apartment hotel at No. 2400 
 1 6th Street was a gay place on the evening of December 1 8th 
 when this prettiest party of the year was given. 
 
 Our Chiefs with their ladies fair were in the receiving line 
 to greet each guest with a hearty "Merry Christmas!" Mr. 
 A. F. Kaiser, as Santa Claus, distributed the gifts. Some of 
 the more noticeable of these were: To Miss Morey and Miss 
 Renneberger, diamond solitaires; to Mr. Arpe, a pretty girl 
 (although he said he would have preferred a wig); to Miss 
 Sullivan, of Boston, a can of baked beans; to Miss Weiler, a 
 Major's commission; to Captain Dunning, a sunny disposition; 
 to Captain Phillips, a quarter with an eagle on both sides; 
 Miss Cleaver, a new beau; to Miss Ferguson, a basso profundo 
 voice; to Miss Eckels, some freckles; and to Major Darr, an 
 
Why shouldn't they call him the "genial 
 chief" ? 
 
 The girls fought Spanish Influenza with 
 hot cocoa 
 
 The Three Graces 
 
Social Events 161 
 
 automobile. Those less fortunate were content with dominoes, 
 toy balloons, rubber dolls, and other gifts appropriate to the 
 age and inclination of the recipients. 
 
 The fears of those who had forebodings of homesickness at 
 a Christmas tree so far from home were dissipated, for the 
 excellent music and live dancing brought cheer to everyone. 
 
 There were many interesting meetings of the members of 
 the Division during the organization of the Alumni Association 
 at one of which the following songs were sung after the business 
 affairs of the meeting had been discussed. 
 
 Tune- — There's a Long, Long Trail. 
 
 There's a grand old bunch of buyers 
 
 Who with their force here at home 
 Have sent supplies to Flanders 
 
 And to France and Rome. 
 There's a long, long time a-coming 
 
 When we'll remember the day 
 That we organized the Alumni 
 
 General Supplies of the U. S. A. 
 
 There's a mutual tie that binds us 
 
 To this Division of Might, 
 Where minds and hearts united 
 
 Helped to win the fight. 
 There's another tie to bind us 
 
 When we are far, far away, 
 It's the great Association 
 
 That we're forming here to-day. 
 
 Tune of Smiles 
 
 There are ties that bind us closely, 
 
 There are ties that hold us fast, 
 There are ties that make us love each other, 
 
 Make us want our friendships true to last ; 
 Now the way to hold us all together, 
 
 Renew our mem'ries all our lives, 
 Is to keep in touch with the Alumni 
 
 Of the Division of General Supplies. 
 
1 62 "As You Were" 
 
 Miss Tonette Benson led the singing, in which every person 
 j oined with a will. The cheering was 1 ed by Lieutenant Bangs, 
 and the singing proved to be such good fun that an encore 
 was immediately voted and consummated. 
 
 YELL 
 
 Rah! Rah!! Rah!!!! 
 
 Tacks, Nails and Nettles 
 
 Hardware! Hardware!! Hardware Metals!!! 
 
 Rah! Rah!! Rah!!! 
 
 Pots, Pans and Kettles; 
 
 Hardware ! Hardware ! ! Hardware Metals ! ! ! 
 
 G-r-a-h-a-m GRAHAM! 
 
 Graham Never Dies, 
 Chief of General Supplies 
 
 On January 31st, the Welfare Room was formally opened 
 with a tea, and the following invitation was sent to the mem- 
 bers of the Division : 
 
 Come one, come all, in perfect trim, 
 
 To our first Welfare Room Blow, 
 Down the hall of the Eighth Wing 
 
 As far as you can go. 
 
 Men and Girls, all others too, 
 
 We want YOU, you just bet! 
 It's to warm the home of the Welfare Club, 
 
 4 140 — to-day — don't forget ! 
 
 General Supplies Division 
 Munitions Building 
 Friday, January 31st. 
 
 This room, which is used for welfare and social purposes, 
 is in charge of Miss Ruth Cleaver who succeeded Miss Wood. 
 
Social Events J 63 
 
 The room is a pleasant addition to the General Supplies Divi- 
 sion, and is made good use of by the girls. 
 
 There was lively competition in the purchase of the bonds 
 of the Fourth Liberty Loan among the various divisions of the 
 office of the Quartermaster General located in the Munitions 
 Building. The standing of each division was indicated on a 
 "red ink" thermometer placed at the main entrance. We 
 are proud to record that the General Supplies Division was the 
 second to shoot the red mercury to the top. 
 
 The personnel of the General Supplies Division not only in- 
 vested in Liberty Bonds, but gladly donated their share towards 
 carrying on relief work at the front. In the campaign for the 
 United War Work Fund, a contest between the branches was 
 encouraged which resulted in Branch 2 going "over the top. " 
 
 THE COCOA HOUR 
 
 Between ten-fifteen and ten-thirty, 
 
 When one for dictating feels power, 
 Comes a pause to Hardware and Metals, 
 
 'Tis known as "The Girls' Cocoa Hour." 
 
 I hear in the corridor echoes, 
 
 The patter of feminine feet, 
 The sound of office doors opened 
 
 And voices (most of them sweet). 
 
 From my desk I can see in the sunlight, 
 
 Descending the hard concrete stair, 
 Girls of all sizes and ages, 
 
 Girls with all colors of hair. 
 
 A whisper 'twixt Karleen and Margie, 
 
 A twinkle of black and blue eyes, 
 I know they are plotting together 
 
 Some man with a cup to surprise. 
 
 A thousand girls rush down the stairway, 
 A thousand more skip through the hall, 
 
1 64 "As You Were" 
 
 And storm the rolling field kitchens 
 Just outside the southwestern wall. 
 
 Oh, then what a chatter arises! 
 
 What gossip, news, rumor is told! 
 What jokes on the chiefs are related! 
 
 No grouchy one misses a scold. 
 
 The crowd is well-officered surely, 
 
 The men look their pretty friends up ; 
 
 And right in the face of the ruling 
 Somehow these gallants get a cup. 
 
 A shrill whistle blows from a distance, 
 Those with a conscience return; 
 
 But most of them longer do linger, 
 That siren command simply spurn. 
 
 A recess of but fifteen minutes 
 Is lengthened to thirty or more, 
 
 Until the efficiency experts 
 The cocoa hour sadly deplore. 
 
 At last they appear in the doorway, 
 Our girls with filled cups tiptoe in ; 
 
 Hopefully each man in the office 
 
 Looks up with his most friendly grin. 
 
 Each argues he's to pref'rence entitled, 
 Each asseverates his right to a cup ; 
 
 But with coldly cruel decision, 
 
 Some are turned down and some up. 
 
 Sipping their cocoa, the victors 
 Extol to the vanquished its charm ; 
 
 The losers chagrined, filled with envy, 
 
 Are sure such strong drink does much harm. 
 
 At last, a watchword stings conscience, 
 "Wilt ever whip Germany thus?" 
 
 And wading once more into contracts, 
 All work at one-hundred-rate-plus, 
 
Social Events 165 
 
 Alas, all too soon came the order, 
 
 "The flu has gone — cocoa no more!" 
 And again with nose close to the grindstone, 
 
 We work like machines as of yore ! 
 
 Franklin Dickerman. 
 MEMORANDUM: 
 
 April 1, 19 19. 
 
 No: 370.05 (Evacuation) GS-H 
 
 From: I. M. Going, Major, Q. M. C, Chief Objector, Rebellion 
 Branch No. i. 
 
 To: General Instigator. 
 
 Subject: Why? 
 
 1 . This office wishes to inform you as follows : 
 
 2. It has been hustled moving in; frantic, moving out. Has been 
 juggled, has been jostled, has been shoved about. 
 
 3. It's been given scanty room, again had much to spare. Has been 
 crowded like prize hogs at a county fair. 
 
 4. It has been in front rooms, side rooms, and in many more. From 
 the shack across the street, it came over here, third floor. 
 
 5. It hasn't been in every room, there still are two or three. But it 
 sure has kept right at it, until it's all at sea. 
 
 6. Now in the lull, please answer this — the phrasing is made clear: 
 Who the deuce thinks up these moves, and where do we go from here? 
 
 By the authority of the Director of Traffic 
 
 Getup N. Get, Chief, 
 
 General Unrest Division. 
 
 By: 
 
 (I. M. Going) 
 Major, Quick Move Corps, 
 Chief Objector, Rebellion Branch No. I. 
 
 Approved: 
 
 Getup N. Get, 
 
 Chief, General Unrest Division. 
 
 Anne Sullivan. 
 
166 "As You Were " 
 
 ELEGY WRITTEN IN OUR COUNTRY'S MUNITIONS BUILD- 
 ING, SIX P. M. 
 
 (With apologies to Gray) 
 
 The whistle sounds the knell of parting day, 
 Stenographers go slowly home to tea, 
 The watchman trudges on his weary way, 
 And leaves the room to darkness and to me. 
 
 Now fade the purchase orders on the sight, 
 And down to quietness the building tones, 
 Save when an airship wheels its droning flight, 
 And drowsy tinklings come from distant 'phones. 
 
 Within those cheap oak desks, those files arrayed, 
 Where papers heave in many a towering heap, 
 Each in forgotten place forever laid, 
 The office circulars and orders sleep. 
 
 To them no more young officers shall turn, 
 Or busy secretaries give them care, 
 No messengers their special rush will spurn, 
 And cause the chiefs to fume and softly swear. 
 
 Far from the maddening clerks' ignoble hands, 
 Their mimeographed pages learned to stray, 
 Where loosely held in clips and rubber bands, 
 They sleep the endless hours tucked safe away. 
 
 Let not ambition mock their humble style, 
 Their homely words and sentences obscure, 
 Nor grandeur hear with a disdainful smile 
 Their composition and their English poor. 
 
 Full many a sheet of purest thought serene, 
 The dark unfathomed desk recesses bear. 
 Full many a page is born to blush unseen, 
 And waste its wisdom in a file case there. 
 
 No farther seek their merits to disclose 
 Nor draw those papers from their dead abode, 
 There they abide in unthought-of repose, 
 Sweet, calm, eternal sleep on them bestowed. 
 
The Troubles of a War Worker 
 
Social Events 167 
 
 THE QUARTERMASTER'S DREAM 
 By F. E. Coyne, Captain, Q. M. C. 
 
 The Camp Quartermaster, with duties far vaster 
 
 Than any K. O. in the Camp, 
 Retired to his tent on a restful sleep bent ; 
 
 The night was quite dreary and damp. 
 
 He thought of the morrow, and much to his sorrow 
 
 Remembered a duty undone; 
 Ten carloads of Hay, with demurrage to pay, 
 
 Unloading had not yet begun. 
 
 An interrogation on Truck Transportation, 
 
 By telegraph coming in late, 
 Unanswered telegrams bringing him cuss and damns, 
 
 The Q. M. G.'s Office won't wait. 
 
 He rolled and he tumbled, he groaned and he mumbled, 
 
 He cursed when the bugler blew taps, 
 At midnight he wept then he finally slept, 
 
 With his brain on the verge of collapse. 
 
 His sleep was a nightmare (that kind causing white hair) 
 
 As a hodge-podge of visions arose ; 
 Subsistence Form Numbers, Beef Fresh, and Cucumbers, 
 
 And Property, price lists of clothes. 
 
 Tents, pyramidal, Shoes quite damnable, 
 
 Flour issue, and Cheese Full-cream, 
 Butter Sales, Print; and Lard without stint, 
 
 All mixed in the Q. M.'s Dream. 
 
 Breeches, Wool mounted, and Stockings uncounted, 
 
 Moccasins, Moosehide and Gum, 
 Eggs, Dessicated (to old hens related), 
 
 Belts, for Breeches or Saddle or Drum. 
 
 Soup, Canned, Clam Chowder, and Tea, Green, Gunpowder, 
 
 Prunes that would make you smile, 
 Canned Lasses, Tayters and aprons for waiters, 
 
 Sausages, Vienna Style. 
 
i68 "As You Were" 
 
 Envelopes, Letter and Writing Pads better, 
 
 Polish, Shoe, Russet and Paste — 
 Mince Meat, Can or Crock, Brushes, Nail, out of stock, 
 
 Bedding Rolls, buttoned or laced. 
 
 Food, Fuel and Forage — inadequate storage, 
 
 Quarters for Horses and Mules, 
 Guidons and Goggles, and all kinds of toggles, 
 
 Shoes, Horse, and Horseshoers' Tools. 
 
 Fish, Dried, Cod, in cans, Office Electric Fans, 
 
 Undershirts, Fleece-lined and warm, 
 Soap, Toilet Glycerine, bottle of listerine, 
 
 Slickers to stand any storm. 
 
 Needles, Sailmakers', and Tools for the Bakers, 
 
 Coats, White, for waiters and cooks, 
 Water Effervescent, Cigars evanescent, 
 
 Pick Axes, Pillows and Hooks. 
 
 Buttons, Bone (Large enough), Mutton, Fresh (very tough), 
 
 Towels, Huckaback that are good, 
 Potatoes in gunny sacks, onions spread out on racks, 
 
 Tent Fixtures, Cordage and Wood. 
 
 Coal-cars and water tanks, Balance in local banks, 
 
 Whirled through his mind in a maze ; 
 Potatoes in Survey, enough of condemned Hay, 
 
 To plague him the rest of his days. 
 
 New regulations that bring forth damnations, 
 
 From Officers, Muleteers and Men, 
 Savings on Rations, mistakes of all fashions, 
 
 On property voucher two ten. 
 
 Shave-tails with notions of early promotions, 
 
 The units all yelling for Ice. 
 He saw cars on the siding, and nurses out riding, 
 
 And Mess Waiters gambling with dice. 
 
 He tossed and he twisted like a Rookie enlisted, 
 
 He woke with a yell and a scream, 
 But when he discovered his feet were uncovered, 
 
 He knew it was only a dream. 
 
Social Events 169 
 
 MORNING, NOON, AND NIGHT! 
 
 Do you want the morning paper ? 
 
 Stand in line! 
 Want a taxi or a trolley? 
 
 Stand in line ! 
 If you stop to get some cash, 
 Postage stamps or corned beef hash, 
 
 Stand in line! 
 
 Ready for a bite to eat? 
 
 Stand in line! 
 Oftentimes out on the street 
 
 Is the line! 
 After you've been through the mill, 
 And you want to pay your bill, 
 
 Stand in line! 
 
 Again for trolley at end of day, 
 
 Stand in line! 
 Want some tickets for the play? 
 
 Stand in line! 
 Anywhere you want to go, 
 Do it like a Christian? No! 
 
 Stand in line! 
 
 F. C. Reimold. 
 
•JHEfCAHE-Ay- JWO-AhlD-UfJ-A./- Ohb 
 
 "THEY CAME AS TWO AND LEFT AS ONE" 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that the members of the Divi- 
 sion were about as busy as was humanly possible, the following 
 persons found time to enter into the bonds of matrimony dur- 
 ing their sojourn in Washington. 
 
 Mr. M. L. McClaran 
 Mr. William F. Cahill * 
 Mr. Karl M. Maukert 
 Miss Lois Messman 
 Miss Lillie I. Sigford 
 Miss Stephanie Vallie 
 Mrs. M. A. Siorski 
 Miss Emma E. Schwenk 
 Miss Susie Shive 
 Mr. W. J. Dwyer 
 Mr. Charles B. Rosengren 
 Lieut. J. M. Fuller 
 Lieut. Thomas W. Jones 
 170 
 
association fer^soMeL. 
 
 MARJOM f. Le£I>S 
 fRJ.5)D»El4j. 
 
 tb\\k M.BlAhljOtl. 
 VICE f RESIDE!^. 
 
 4% 
 
 CHA^OJJE M.WELLs 
 
 The S. S. A. (Statistics Sunshine Association) 
 was organized on February 13, 1919- The name 
 had suggested itself. For three months we had 
 been writing constantly, "S. S. A." as a quick 
 way of designating "Signed Since the Armistice." 
 
 The purpose of the Association was primarily 
 social, but our twenty-six members hoped, too, 
 to make lighter the moments of discomfort or 
 illness which might come to any of the person- 
 nel of the Branch. 
 
 Miss Leeds was chosen as President, and all 
 the men in the Branch were elected honorary 
 members. 
 
 The Association started off propitiously with a 
 luncheon in which all our honorary members as 
 well as Colonel Hill and Major Curtin partici- 
 pated. 
 
 Tr)asfv 
 
 HO^O^Ar^f MEMBtHS 
 
 visrp^ COMM. 
 
 VLRtlA fREE*K5 
 CHAIR^. 
 
 HtLErJ C.fAlMEl^ 
 
 vioLa WRAy. 
 
1In HDemoriam 
 
 Major T. M. Lynch 
 
 On December 13th, Major T. M. Lynch, Chief of the 
 Administrative Branch, was stricken with influenza, and a few 
 days later, on December 18th, the General Supplies Division 
 was shocked by the news of his death. The following reso- 
 lutions of sympathy which were drawn up by our Chief 
 Mr. William A. Graham, for presentation to the family of 
 Major Lynch, fully expressed the feelings of every member 
 of the Division: 
 
 Whereas Divine Providence in His great wisdom has called from 
 his earthly labors our late brother officer and associate, Major T. M. 
 Lynch, and 
 
 Whereas Major Lynch, by his genial personality, wise counsels, 
 and devotion to duty during the time that his services were at the com- 
 mand of the Army to aid in supporting the forces which were fighting 
 overseas to preserve American institutions and liberties, did thus endear 
 himself to all of his brother officers and associates and did furnish a high 
 example of military and civic devotion and citizenship, 
 
 Therefore, be it resolved, that the Chief of the General Sup- 
 plies Division, the Chiefs of all the Branches, and each and every one 
 of his late associates, take this means of extending to the wife of Major 
 Lynch, and to his children and family, deep sympathy in their great loss, 
 and proffer the hope that in this their hour of trial they may have the 
 comfort and support of the Divine Love that passeth all understanding. 
 
 Wm. A. Graham, Chief, 
 
 General Supplies Division. 
 171 
 
172 "As You Were" 
 
 Charles Mitchell, of Mitchell and Mitchell, Fort Smith, 
 Arkansas, entered the service of the U. S. Government, Sep- 
 tember 13, 191 8, and was assigned to the Production and 
 Inspection Branch as a Production Expert. 
 
 Although of a modest and retiring disposition, Mr. Mit- 
 chell devoted all his energies to the work of the Branch during 
 the time of his employment, and was singularly successful in all 
 his efforts to help in winning the great war. 
 
 On account of ill health, he was compelled to resign about 
 December 15th, and return to his home, where he died Christ- 
 mas Day, December 25, 1918. 
 
 Mrs. Ethel M. Reynolds came to work for the Statistical 
 Branch of this Division on September 6th, and was assigned 
 to work in the authorization section. Mrs. Reynolds had a 
 bright and cheery disposition, and was always very eager and 
 conscientious in performing the work that was assigned to her. 
 She was stricken by the Spanish influenza on October 21st, 
 and died shortly thereafter. 
 
 Mr. Edward B. Richards, who started work in the Statisti- 
 cal Branch of this Division on October 16th, was with the 
 Division only a short time, when he was suddenly stricken 
 while at his work on November 7th. His death came as a 
 great shock to his associates who during the short three weeks 
 of their acquaintance with him had found him to be a man 
 conscientious in his work and of a kindly and genial disposition. 
 
 The news of the death of Margaret Thompson on May 21st 
 was a great shock to the members of the General Supplies 
 Division. Although Miss Thompson had been critically ill 
 since March 31st, we had been lead to believe that the worst 
 was over and that she was slowly recovering her health. 
 
 Miss Thompson came to work for the Division in Septem- 
 
In Memoriam 173 
 
 ber, 191 8, and was assigned to work in Branch Three as Secre- 
 tary to Lieutenant Hunter. Always conscientious and willing, 
 she performed the duties assigned to her very capably and 
 efficiently. 
 
 Her gracious and cheerful temperament won for her the 
 esteem and affection of all who knew her. Her death leaves 
 a vacant space in the hearts of her friends. 
 
 The recent death of Lieutenant Harry D. Guy at his 
 home was a sad surprise to his friends in the General Supplies 
 Division. Lieutenant Guy was assistant to the chief of the 
 Interbureau Unit, and worked with the Division during the 
 strenuous times up to the signing of the Armistice. Shortly 
 thereafter, he was transferred to the Surplus Property Divi- 
 sion, and remained there until his discharge from the service 
 last April. During the time that he was connected with the 
 General Supplies Division he won, by his genial personality 
 and his conscientious performance of his duties the friendship 
 and respect of those with whom he became acquainted. 
 
A MEMORY OF THE GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 (Dedicated to William A. Graham) 
 
 In a fair old, rare old city, 
 
 'Twixt the North and Southern clime, 
 Where the destiny of nations 
 
 Will be outlined for all time, 
 There was built a makeshift shelter, 
 
 Low of roof, with paper walls, 
 To accommodate the thousands 
 
 Who obeyed the Nation's calls. 
 
 Then the Quartermaster General, 
 
 Wood by name, but steel of heart, 
 Moved into this lowly building, 
 
 There to follow out the chart 
 Of the plans he formulated, 
 
 And the schemes he had in mind 
 For the freeing of the nations 
 
 From the war mill's deadly grind. 
 
 Moved into this building with him 
 
 Each prepared to do his best, 
 Were the flower of youth and age 
 
 All combined to beat the pest, 
 Which for years with schemes and planning, 
 
 Sought all nations to enmesh 
 In a heartless Hun dominion, 
 
 Merciless towards human flesh. 
 
 In the scheme of things pertaining 
 To this General's work in view, 
 i74 
 
A Memory of the General Supplies Division 175 
 
 Was the purchasing of metals 
 
 And of hardware, sound and true, 
 For our boys out in the trenches 
 
 As they fought the wily Huns, 
 For battles are not won alone 
 
 With swords, with powder, and with guns. 
 
 Then the master-hand, directing 
 
 Operations for the fray, 
 Sought a skilled and loyal chieftain 
 
 Who would labor on for aye, 
 To the end that his Division 
 
 In its work and personnel 
 Would be largely instrumental 
 
 Tolling Germany's death-knell. 
 
 Came a time when our old Eagle 
 
 Spread his wings and screamed in wrath 
 At the ruthlessness enacted 
 
 On the crimson human swath 
 That the Prussian hordes were mowing 
 
 In their devilish design 
 To annex the other nations 
 
 To the "Bingen on the Rhine. " 
 
 Through the flowering days of Springtime, 
 
 Through the Summer's stifling heat, 
 Till the golden days of Autumn, 
 
 Never heard was the Retreat. 
 It was tug and fight and tussle, 
 
 Buy and buy and buy some more, 
 Till the shiploads of the products 
 
 Forged a chain from shore to shore. 
 
 True, at times the shadows thickened, 
 
 Paris gay was gay no more. 
 As the hellish Hun divisions, 
 
 Ever closer to her door, 
 
176 "As You Were" 
 
 Pushed their messengers of ruin, 
 Till it seemed th' entire world 
 
 Soon would see the end of justice, 
 And the flag of might unfurled. 
 
 Many mother hearts were broken, 
 
 By the War God's countless toll ; 
 Wives and sweethearts cried in anguish, 
 
 As the ramparts of the soul 
 Were sore torn and split asunder 
 
 By the deadly Arm of Might, 
 Of fire, gas, and fatal shrapnel, 
 
 Kultur camouflaged as Right ! 
 
 But despite disheartening rumors, 
 
 Everyone leaned to his task. 
 Forces strong were now augmented 
 
 As was heard the Nation's blast 
 Of the trumpet call to duty 
 
 Of the khaki and the blue, 
 For the fighting in the trenches 
 
 And the convoy of the true. 
 
 Sought and found one William Graham, 
 
 Who with vigor took command 
 Of the vital situation 
 
 And the plans that were at hand 
 For obtaining loyal henchmen, 
 
 Gifted each one in his line, 
 Who in turn were then assisted 
 
 By the flower of Womankind. 
 
 As each added touch of sorrow 
 
 Served to make all closer kin, 
 So with unity they labored, 
 
 With their trust placed all in Him 
 Who hath told us that the wicked, 
 
 Though they prosper for a while, 
 Have sure doom of dire destruction, 
 
 Sans a hearing or a trial. 
 
L'Envoi 177 
 
 Stronger grew our o'er-sea forces, 
 
 Greater faith was everywhere, 
 As the enemy lines were crumpled, 
 
 Crushed and driven towards the lair 
 That had been a seething hot-bed, 
 
 Nurturing brutes of might and lust, 
 Bloated all with Kaiserism, 
 
 Without mercy, love, or trust. 
 
 While the battle raged its fiercest, 
 
 As an omen in the sky 
 Loomed a more substantial building, 
 
 And before its walls were dry, 
 All the forces sought its shelter, 
 
 Filled with energy anew, 
 "No man's land" was theirs already, 
 
 Fritz's plans were all askew. 
 
 Came a day when rumor whispered 
 
 Words of solace, coming peace, 
 Hellish Prussianism wavered, 
 
 "Gott mit uns" was soon to cease. 
 As for "Deutschland iiber alles, " 
 
 'Twas all over, that is true, 
 Germany completely smothered 
 
 By the old Red, White and Blue. 
 
 L'ENVOI 
 
 Lessened needs mean lessened effort, 
 
 And the lure of home is sweet, 
 As the old G. S. D. bugle 
 
 Blows you Honorable Retreat ! 
 To your hearthsides, Loyal Workers ! 
 
 Long-forsaken tasks resume ! 
 As your loyalty has triumphed, 
 
 So the Dawn of Peace shall loom! 
 
 Friends, in parting there is sadness; 
 
 N'er may be a closer bond, 
 Only let your memory linger 
 
 Through the days that lie beyond 
 
i;8 "As You Were" 
 
 On the times we worked together 
 
 Through the calms, and through the squalls, 
 Fond Good-byes ! Good Luck shall ever 
 Echo down the silent halls ! 
 
 C. W. Bliss, 
 Captain, Q. M. C. 
 IN WASHINGTON 
 
 They saw the advertisements reading, 
 
 "Uncle Sam wants clerks. " 
 Seems the world responded 'cepting 
 
 Huns and such, and Turks. 
 They all hurried into Washington 
 
 From every dog-gone town, 
 And most of them, they settled up 
 
 Before they settled down. 
 
 And then they started figuring 
 
 Their railroad fare and rent 
 And other incidentals, wondering 
 
 Where their money went. 
 They couldn't seem to realize 
 
 That they were really broke, 
 But 'twas a fact, a cold, cold fact, 
 
 And by no means a joke. 
 
 They borrowed here, they borrowed there, 
 
 From stranger, friend, or foe. 
 When pay-day came, they paid it back (perhaps!). 
 
 Gee ! How that roll did go ! 
 And now they think of what they owe 
 
 And their very doubtful fame. 
 The war is won, they helped that some, 
 
 But 'twas a most expensive game. 
 
 Max Tannenbaum. 
 
 A LAMENT! 
 
 I'm the Time Sheet Clerk, and I grieve to relate 
 That my hours are busy, uncertain my fate. 
 I had no faint notion when first I came here 
 That chasing up time sheets would last all the year. 
 
Nuts i79 
 
 For I thought things would get in such very good trim 
 That long before noon every sheet would be in. 
 But alas for my hopes— human nature is weak, 
 Every day there are sheets I still have to seek. 
 
 When a trip to the White House or Congress is planned, 
 Then quickly each clerk seeks the Personnel Stand. 
 "Have I any overtime? Please hand me a slip. " 
 And I drop what I'm doing and give them the tip. 
 
 It's a very poor rule that won't work both ways, 
 So bring in your sheets without maddening delays. 
 And thus you will further the Personnel work, 
 And be honored as well by 
 
 The Time Sheet Clerk. 
 
 Isabel Jackson. 
 
 "YOU KNOW HOW THAT IS!" 
 
 'Twas the night before pay-day, and all through my jeans 
 
 I hunted and hunted for the price of some beans; 
 
 Not a quarter was stirring, not even a jit, 
 
 Every coin was off duty, the milled edge had quit. 
 
 Move forward, move forward, Oh Time, in your flight! 
 
 And give me to-morrow just for to-night ! 
 
 NUTS 
 
 Last night, while the earth lay sleeping beneath the starry sheen, 
 There came to disturb my slumbers this strange and terrible dream: 
 I sat at my desk in the office, a telegram in my hand, 
 A slip of yellow paper I could not understand. 
 
 RETEL YOURS OF THE SEVENTH PLEASE SEND NUTS BY THE SCORE 
 HAVE THEM PREPARED FOR SHIPMENT TO THE PORT OF BALTIMORE 
 NUTS ROUND HEAD SQUARE HEAD FLAT HEAD OF SIZE THREE 
 
 QUARTER INCH nninn 
 
 SEND ALL THAT YOU CAN SPARE TO RELIEVE A DREADFUL PINCH 
 CANNOT GIVE YOU TONNAGE BUT NUTS WILL NOT BE LIGHT 
 SO SEND TRANSPORTATION ORDER REQUEST YOU EXPEDITE. 
 
 "What do you think of that?" said I, as I read it o'er, 
 "Someone's made a bungle of the thing once more. " 
 
180 "As You Were" 
 
 So I looked in suspended file, in the closed file, too, 
 I found no information, and I didn't know what to do. 
 
 And while I sat and pondered, a strange thing happened to me, 
 The weirdest of all sensations — whatever could it be ? 
 But soon there was revealed the cause of that terrible thrill, 
 They had sent ME by wireless to Depot at Jeffersonville. 
 
 "I come from the Washington Depot, " I said without a flinch, 
 
 "And it's nuts that I am after, round-head, flat-head, three-quarter 
 
 inch." 
 "If nuts you want, round or square head, go back to the folk there in 
 
 charge, 
 Although I'm afraid you can't use them — I think their heads are too 
 
 large." 
 
 And at that moment before me there passed in grand review, 
 Captains, lieutenants, and sergeants, and majors not a few; 
 The familiar faces of people whose features I thought I knew, 
 There were round heads, square heads, flat heads, big nuts, and little 
 nuts, too. 
 
 "You have all the nuts in creation right there in the Q. M. Corps, 
 Then why in the name of salvation do you come here asking for more? 
 Do you know why it is," he persisted, "that the squirrels infest your 
 
 town, 
 Because the nuts are such perfect nuts that wander up and down!" 
 
 I woke when the sun shone brightly athwart the window-pane, 
 But that dream continues running through and through my brain. 
 Oh, the fools we were, the fools we are, and the fools we'll always be, 
 But we all are fools together, we NUTS of the Q. M. C. ! 
 
 Anonymous. 
 
^^t^irSw^ 
 
 
 Kitchen Police 
 
 (Poor Little Me.) 
 
 By :av 
 
 Piano. 
 
 ING. BERLIN /J J 
 
 
 
 
 And it's not much fun; It's the kind of work that's 
 
 AH publishing performing Canadian mechoicaj and oilier rights reserved by Irving Berlii 
 
 Cojpyrigkt MCMXVIlt by Irving Berlin 
 
 Cepyrig/lt Canada MCMXVIII by Iran,; Berlin 
 
 International Copyright Secured. 
 
The Kaiser 18.1 
 
 °f •***■ fouls G*p& 
 
 THE KAISER 
 
 The Kaiser wasn't bad at all, 
 
 The one we knew of yore, 
 His hair was gone, his glance was keen, 
 
 He came from Baltimore. 
 
 He took his weary way at night, 
 
 With gripsack to the train, 
 With many thirsty throats behind 
 
 To wish him back again. 
 
 With jocund day he sallied forth, 
 
 His "spirits" now the best, 
 And who does know his August self 
 
 Feels warm beneath the vest. 
 
 So let the men who legislate 
 
 Tread softly lest they mar 
 The perfect plan that brought the goods 
 
 So safely from afar. 
 
1 82 "As You Were" 
 
 THIRTY-TWO DAYS OUT 
 
 When creditors in anxious tones are pressing, 
 And cash on hand to precious mites recede, 
 
 When friends no longer lighten cares distressing, 
 With loans that prove their friendship true indeed. 
 
 When the Government forgets it has a payroll, 
 And lets that check go by a month or more, 
 
 While Ruth-less Washington demands its toll, 
 And still Miss Cleaver has no check in store. 
 
 A fellow then feels almost idiotic, 
 
 To stick at contract work from nine till six, 
 
 While folks at home not near so patriotic, 
 Are free and clear of this distressing fix. 
 
 Then thinking o'er one's situation craven, 
 So changed from happy days before the war, 
 
 It almost tempts an answer like Poe's Raven, 
 Would I do this thing over? " Never More!" 
 
 PASSING THE BUCK 
 
 "S. O. S. " the cable read, 
 
 "Hurry up," the wire said, 
 
 "Send us quick a four-wheeled truck. " 
 
 What a chance to pass the buck ! 
 
 The General said, "It might imply 
 Rolling Kitchens or Supply. 
 Let the Colonel try his luck, " 
 And thus we learn to pass the buck ! 
 
 The Colonel studied catalogues, 
 From bolts and nuts to wheels and cogs. 
 "No use to try. I'll say I'm stuck. 
 I guess I'll have to pass the buck. " 
 
Passing the Buck 183 
 
 For Lieutenant Colonels, then he sent 
 To figure out just what was meant. 
 " No use trying, out we duck. " 
 Another case of pass the buck ! 
 
 A Major stern, with frowning eyes, 
 Studies hard, then deeply sighs. 
 "Let's see our Captain full of pluck. 
 Why worry? Why not pass the buck?" 
 
 A First Lute, decked with but one bar, 
 Another chap doomed for a jar. 
 And 'twasn't long before he struck, 
 Turned around, and passed the buck. 
 
 A Second Lute, with hair combed back, 
 Was next to go upon the rack. 
 Court-martialed, sentenced to be chucked, 
 For HE couldn't pass the buck ! 
 
 D. W. Jasper. 
 
1 84 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 'NfALS 
 
 
 tfHp 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 Jan. 25, 1919. 
 
 War Department, 
 Office of Director of Purchase, 
 Munitions Building, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Attention of H. E. Loomis 
 Capt. Q. M. C. 
 
 My dear Captain : 
 
 With reference to your letter of January 21st regarding circular letter 
 No. 127, the writer does not recall receiving this particular letter, but is 
 quite sure that he has not made any invention or applied for any patent 
 while in the employ of the United States Government. I did however 
 devise a way in which to live on twenty-five cents per day and be com- 
 fortable, but it sure was tough going. 
 With kind personal regards, I remain 
 
 Cordially yours, 
 
 R. Plowright, 
 
 1st Sergeant, Q. M. C. 
 
DEFINITIONS OF FUNCTIONS OF THE VARIOUS BUREAUS. 
 
 Administrative : 
 Statistical : 
 
 s tandardization 
 
 Requirements : 
 
 Procurement : 
 
 Contract : 
 
 Production and 
 Inspection : 
 
 To change the policy every morning at eleven 
 o'clock. 
 
 To put everything in writing; then add up the car 
 numbers, divide by the stock on hand on July 4th, 
 and ask the Depot to give the result. 
 
 To devise something requiring special machinery 
 to make; a book of directions to use; and to be of 
 as little practical use as possible. 
 
 To guess; then double it, multiply by sH and 
 divide by J& ; the result to be deciphered by Pro- 
 curement. 
 
 To guess at the requirements, and to place orders 
 for merchandise which in the regular routine of 
 procedure may be delivered in time for the next 
 war. 
 
 To prepare lengthy documents which are not to be 
 sent out until the goods are finished, so that the 
 manufacturer may not know what is expected of 
 him. 
 
 To know more of a concern's business than the 
 General Manager himself, and to make sure that 
 goods are not approved until a proper degree of 
 inconvenience has been occasioned. 
 185 
 
1 86 
 Distribution : 
 
 "As You Were" 
 
 To conduct a game of "Button! Button! Who's 
 got the Button? " with all commodities, and if any- 
 one finds anything to prove the finder wrong. 
 
 Embarkation : To direct deliveries so that goods will not by any 
 
 chance arrive when wanted, and so that essentials 
 will not interfere with the orderly departure of 
 non-essentials. 
 
 Storage : 
 
 To arrange so that nothing can be found when 
 wanted, and to see how long goods have to be held 
 before becoming useless. 
 
 Bureau of Finance To maintain such sanct ity of isolation that the 
 and Accounts : other bureaus are overcome with awe and do not 
 
 dare to question any decisions nor to inquire as 
 to just how and why the Bureau is operated. 
 
 Overseas To add to and direct the distribution of stocks 
 
 Operations: overseas by means of an exchange of coded cable- 
 
 grams of which the secret key has been lost. 
 
 Army Catalogue 
 No i: 
 
 A list of articles devised with such cunning that 
 procurement is rendered impossible. 
 
A Cafeteria Chant 
 
 187 
 
 A CAFETERIA CHANT 
 
 If you look any mornin' just afore noon 
 Out front there by the dinin' room, 
 You'll see a thousan' standin' in line 
 A-lookin' like jailbirds doin' time. 
 
 " Wanna buy ticket to our dance to-night?" 
 Yells a gal a-pushin' me left an' right. 
 "Can't bother now, gotta watch my turn; 
 Can't dance anyhow, never did learn!" 
 
 When I gets inside, jus' lissen to me! 
 Tables and chairs fur's I could see. 
 Folks a-scramblin' ter get a place, 
 Looked jus' like a blindman's race. 
 
 Picked up a tray wot weighed a ton, 
 Wanted some tools, but they didn't have none. 
 A lady tol' me to wait aroun' 
 But I got tired an' started down. 
 
 The fish was dry, the meat looked tough, 
 "I'll take some stew, guess that's enough." 
 
i88 "As You Were " 
 
 The coffee was weak, jus' sort o' tan, 
 
 They must o' poured water in the coffee can. 
 
 I took some pie that looked so nice, 
 But you bet after this I'll jus' think twice; 
 The crust was hard as a piece of wood, 
 Dunno how they made it, but it wasn't good. 
 
 When I got my check I almost fell, 
 Eighty-five cents! Y' oughta heard me yell, 
 "Extra butter," she said, "is two cents more." 
 I jus' took nuf water for three or four! 
 
 Then I found a place to put my stew, 
 There were dishes piled roun' as high as you; 
 When I tasted that stew I made a face — 
 Messed-up grub, of meat no trace. 
 
 Jus' one little bite was nuf for me, 
 
 Tasted like the bark of an old elm tree. 
 
 I've seen lots of mess camps in my time, 
 
 But nothin' that beats that ole "Stand in Line!" 
 
 D. W. Jasper. 
 
THOUGHTS OF ISAAK WALTON, A.D., 1919 
 
 Sitting by a comfortable grate fire, with my well- seasoned 
 briar in active service, lights down, and a regulation March 
 blizzard outside, my thoughts turned to the condition of my 
 fishing tackle, knowing that the season was not far off when 
 I could indulge in my favorite sport. 
 
 My day-dreams were interrupted by the entrance of 
 McKAIG, who had come in to have a smoke with me and 
 knowing him to be a tenderfoot in so far as trout fishing goes, 
 I started to inspire him. Finally he asked me what was 
 needed for an outfit and I advised him to go to the GENERAL 
 SUPPLIES store and PURCHASE his outfit there, suggesting 
 he see young DAVIS to help make his selection, but be sure 
 to get a large KRIEL, a good oiled LINE and a BARLOW 
 knife. You know this store is located on the corner of LOOMIS 
 and BEISSER streets and they do a large business in sporting 
 goods REQUIREMENTS and my RECOMMENDATION 
 was based on my knowledge of their stocks. I advised him to 
 CASHIN at once otherwise they would be DUNNING him. 
 Mac says, "When I get all this equipment what do I do 
 with it?" "Well Mac," said I, "When you get ready to go, 
 get some bacon and MURPHYS, bread and butter and I'd ad- 
 vise taking several packages of GRAHAM crackers, the 
 'W. A.' brand, for they are the best made. And a little 
 'WILSON that's all' would not be amiss if you haven't taken 
 the KEELEY cure. 
 
190 "As You Were" 
 
 "I would suggest your going to McDONALD creek, up on 
 the Q. M. C. and getting off at BENSON. Go to the WELLES 
 house and stay overnight and secure a guide. I advise you to 
 get either DAUGHERTY or McCLAREN as they know the 
 location of the big POOLE better than ODLIN or SCHOE- 
 MER. In the morning they will take you to the trail in either 
 a CARR or in a good buggy with BREWSTER springs. 
 Arriving at the trail, you walk, and if you are a good WALKER 
 you will be at the stream in an hour. By the way, on this 
 trail you will pass thru a beautiful WOOD and when you get 
 to the top of the HILL, you get a magnificent view of the 
 country. You will be interested in a wall of JASPER which 
 can be seen from the HILL. On my last trip on going over the 
 trail a number of grouse ROSE up ahead of us, but it was the 
 closed season and they were safe. When you get to the bend 
 in the trail the FUSTING you will notice is the beautiful 
 waterfall — it looks like a large white CURTIN. Before you 
 get to the stream note on the right of the trail on a small mound 
 are a number of GRAVES, which they say are those of an 
 Indian chief and his wives. Let me advise you when you get 
 ready to fish to BANITCH all cares and put your mind on the 
 business in hand. I can see you in my mind's eye when you 
 hook your first speckled beauty. The look of BLISS in your 
 eyes and your exclamation 'isn't he a DARRling' will be the 
 regulation experience. Of course you will find that the dusty 
 MILLER is the correct fly to use. You will fish down the 
 creek and about noon will be at an old camp which old man 
 BUTTS built. Here your guide who is both STEWART 
 and (Mc) COOK will prepare you a meal fit for the gods 
 and if it's a GOODYEAR for fish your KRIEL will be half 
 filled. I want to caution you not to attempt to cross the 
 creek until you get to the SIGFORD. After your meal 
 you'll feel like exclaiming with the immortal WILLIAM (s) 
 'RICHARD(s) is himself again' and, by GEORGE, Mac, 
 
Thoughts of Isaak Walton, A.D., 1919 191 
 
 you'll feel like a new man, for trout do taste good when 
 they're FRECH. 
 
 "By evening you will be tired enough to sleep standing and 
 your guide will get ESHLEMAN to drive you back to the 
 WELLES house. On the way back you will pass DIEMERS 
 ranch with ROGERS in charge. 
 
 "By the way, AMBLER and ABDILL were up last year 
 and they are coming again. LANCHANTIN writes me if he 
 can get the PRICE he's coming out in May." 
 
 But, Tempus FUGITT, and Mac says it's time to go home, 
 
 Good Night. 
 
 E. A. Move. 
 N. B. I might put a CLAUSEN here to submit these 
 ramblings to the HAGUE. 
 
THE ROUND ROBIN 
 
 On January 22, 19 19, a farewell reception was tendered to 
 Mr. William A. Graham by all the members of the General 
 Supplies Division. Mr. W. F. Fusting presided and made the 
 following address, at the end of which on behalf of the Division, 
 he presented to Mr. Graham a Round Robin, which contained 
 the signatures of every member of the Division at the signing 
 of the armistice: 
 
 Mr. Graham, up to the present time we have been taking our orders 
 from you, but to-day the General Supplies Division decided to call this 
 meeting of its own volition and to take things into its own hands. You 
 are discharged! 
 
 At the request of the Government, you came to Washington in Febru- 
 ary, 191 8, and established the Hardware and Metals Branch of the 
 Supply and Equipment Division. On June 1, 1918, the Hardware and 
 Metals Branch became the Hardware and Metals Division. On July 1, 
 1918, the program of coordinated purchasing became effective, and on 
 November 1, 1918, the name of the Hardware and Metals Division 
 was changed to the General Supplies Division. 
 
 Between the time that you came to Washington and the signing of the 
 armistice on November nth, approximately nine months had elapsed. 
 During that time, the personnel of the General Supplies Division had 
 increased from yourself alone to 535 persons. The number of desks and 
 tables required was approximately 600, and the number of typewriters 
 used was about 400. 
 
 In considerably less than nine months' time, you handled the re- 
 sponsibility of purchasing the general supplies for the entire Army. I 
 know that I voice the sentiment of the Division as a whole, and particu- 
 
 192 
 
• 
 
The Round Robin 193 
 
 larly the sentiment of Lieutenant Colonel Hill, Mr. Welles, Major Darr 
 and Major Richards, and all of the men who have been connected with 
 large concerns, when I say to you in behalf of the Division and in behalf 
 of the hardware manufacturers and jobbers of this country, that you 
 created under the most trying and abnormal conditions an organization 
 for purchasing hardware and general supplies which possessed more effi- 
 ciency and produced greater results in nine months than had been at- 
 tained by the largest firms of this country in former normal peace times. 
 This was a wonderful achievement. 
 
 We know that at the time of the signing of the armistice you had per- 
 formed a task more gigantic than the one previously mentioned, in that, 
 with the cooperation of Mr. Murray Sargent and other members of the 
 War Industries Board, you accomplished an incomprehensible feat — 
 incomprehensible to anyone not directly associated with you as your 
 chiefs have been — for through your ability, your efforts, and your untir- 
 ing energy, you had absolute contact with and held in the palm of your 
 hand, so to speak, the entire industry of general supplies and hardware of 
 this country, the complete energy and facilities of which you placed at 
 the disposal of the United States Army. 
 
 I am sure that few men have ever accomplished in so short a time what 
 you have accomplished, and we all know the abnormal conditions under 
 which those wonderful results were achieved. 
 
 This well earned tribute is a material one — but you have accomplished 
 something far and beyond anything which I have mentioned. You have 
 erected a structure of loyalty and conscientious cooperation the like of 
 which we all attest has rarely been equaled. The General Supplies Divi- 
 sion wished to give you a tribute that you could take away. Many 
 different ideas were considered and discussed, and we have had the oppor- 
 tunity of seeing each member of the General Supplies Division testify 
 to the honor they have felt in being associated with Mr. William A. Gra- 
 ham, Chief of the General Supplies Division, of the Purchase, Storage & 
 Traffic Division, War Department. 
 
 In behalf, then, of the General Supplies Division, I take great pleasure 
 in presenting to you this Round Robin as a token of our high esteem. 
 
 This unique testimonial took Mr Graham completely by 
 surprise and he responded as follows: 
 
 I must confess that I am taken by surprise, and I hardly know how to 
 express my thanks. 
 
194 "As You Were" 
 
 Mr. Fusting speaks of cooperation. Team-work was the foundation 
 of our structure, and I am very glad to be able to say that it proved its 
 worth throughout. The work that has been accomplished was not 
 accomplished by me alone — I have been but a small factor in it. It has 
 been achieved by the combined efforts of the organization — by team- 
 work. Each person has taken an interest not only in his individual work, 
 but has rendered all possible assistance to his associates. I have found 
 that true throughout the Division. Our one aim has been to win the war. 
 The Division has been the unit that we worked for. In all my experience 
 in business, I have never seen so little "cliqueism, " if I may coin the 
 word, or such complete harmony as has existed in this Division of ours. 
 
 I do not know how to express my appreciation of this souvenir which 
 you have presented to me. It is not alone extremely unique, but it 
 demonstrates the idea that I am speaking of at the present moment — it 
 includes every one in the Division. I think that shows the spirit of the 
 organization. I can truthfully say that no Division has worked more 
 earnestly, and none has accomplished better results than the Hardware & 
 Metals Division, later the General Supplies Division. 
 
 I am not going to attempt to thank you for your kind remembrance. 
 I appreciate it very deeply, and there is nothing that you could do that I 
 should appreciate more. As you go out from here, if you give the same 
 thought and attention to whatever your new work may be as you have 
 shown here in the past months, and use the same consideration for those 
 associated with you, each one I am sure may look forward to a successful 
 career. I want to thank you again very sincerely, and to wish you the 
 best of luck and success. 
 
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 1 i&ll 
 
Certificate Issued by the War Department to Civilian 
 Members of the General Supplies Division 
 
 The following is a list of members to whom certificates were issued in recognition 
 of their services during the war. A facsimile of this certificate is shown on the 
 opposite page. 
 
 Abdill, Charles P. 
 Adams, John W. 
 Adams, Lucille 
 Ahrens, Anna Lenora 
 Aldrich, Anthony B. 
 Ambler, Humphrey Keyes 
 Anderson, Anna E. 
 Antrim, Elwood H. 
 Arpe, Charles W. 
 Atterbury, Karleen 
 Atwood, I. Mabel 
 
 Ballowe, Anna L. 
 Banitch, Nikola 
 Barlow, F. W. 
 Barnett, Helen K. 
 Bast, Lucy A. (Mrs.) 
 Battey, Dorothy 
 Beidler, William 
 Beisser, Mary 
 Belcher, Caroline 
 Bengal, May R. 
 Bennett, D. J. 
 Bennett, Lucille Grace 
 Benson, Tonette 
 Berglund, Edna E. 
 Bertram, John 
 Besse, A. S. (Mrs.) 
 Bieber, Jennie B. 
 Bird, Eva S. 
 Blacksten, Eva G. 
 Bledsoe, Dora B. 
 Bond, N. Pearl 
 Bookout, Helen Louise 
 Bradley, Flora 
 Brasher, Lillian B. 
 Brewster, Eugene M. 
 Brown, Ethel Lee 
 
 Brown, Frank C. 
 Buck, Sidney Fay 
 Buckner, Mildred 
 Buddenberg, A. W. 
 Buegeleisen, Samuel 
 Bunnell, Edna 
 Burke, Jas. V. 
 Butts, C. L. 
 
 Cahill, Wm. F. 
 Caldwell, Dorothy E. 
 Callan, Patrick J. 
 Casey, Ivan A. 
 Cashin, Jno. C. 
 Chatelain, Elma G. 
 Cleaver, Ruth 
 Cohen, Elizabeth 
 Cohen, Leah R. 
 Collier, May S. (Mrs.) 
 Combs, Ethel 
 Conner, Maurice V. 
 Conrad, Charles H. 
 Curry, Margaret G. 
 
 Darby, Walter C. 
 Darte, Mabel H. 
 Daugherty, Bertine J. 
 Daut, Frank J. 
 Davenport, Vera M. P. 
 Davis, Hazel P. (Mrs.) 
 Davis, H. E. (Mrs.) 
 Davis, Vivian S. 
 Dee, Josephine A. 
 Devlin, Arthur A. 
 Dex, Max. 
 Dixon, Maude O. 
 Dommershausen, M. 
 Doolittle, Amy A. 
 
 195 
 
 Dorsey, Robert O. 
 Doshier, Mae 
 Duffy, Jas. A. 
 Dunlap, R. P. 
 Dunning, M. A. 
 
 Ebbert, George S. 
 Eckels, Mildred A. 
 Edwards, Jas. L. 
 Eshleman, S. St. J. 
 Epp, Nellie B. 
 Evans, Leila 
 
 Farnsworth, John G. 
 Faulkner, Bess E. 
 Felton, Mildred 
 Ferguson, Laura E. 
 Finch, Constance 
 Fitzsimmons, Helen B. 
 Flagg, Luella B. 
 Fletcher, Emily 
 Flynn, J. J. 
 Foley, Dorothy 
 Foster, Agnes 
 Fowler, Robert W. 
 Fox, Lucy 
 Frease, Vivian 
 Freeh, Alfred R. 
 Fredette, Flossie 
 Freerks, Verna G. 
 Fugitt, Chas. H. 
 Fusting, W. F. 
 
 Gagnon, Clara M. 
 Garity, Charles H. 
 Garlock, Morgan 
 Garrett, Mary M. 
 George, Carrie G. (Mrs.) 
 
196 
 
 " As You Were 
 
 George, Kenneth D. 
 Gillespie, Katherine 
 Gooding, Martha E. 
 Goodyear, Eliz. C. (Mrs.) 
 Grant, Sarah V. (Mrs.) 
 Graves, Charles F. 
 Gretsch, Frederick 
 Griffin, W. C. 
 Gunderson, Gunder 
 
 Hale, Eunice 
 Hancher, Thelma Marie 
 Harrison, Marjory D. 
 Hasek, Bertha L. 
 Haskell, E. M. 
 Haufstatter, Esther 
 Hewitt, J. J. (Mrs.) 
 Hibbs, Anna 
 
 Hickman, Ruth Magdalen 
 Hillman, Nellie E. 
 Hilton, Annie M. 
 Hingston, Lavinia J. 
 Hitch, Helen D. 
 Holden, Florence W. 
 Holden, Ruth 
 Howland, Addie 
 Huber, Mayre 
 Hughes, Gilbert R. 
 Hutchins, Grace 
 
 Jackson, M. Isabel 
 Jacobs, Amy 
 James, Virginia W. 
 Jasper, David W. 
 John, Allen W. 
 Johnson, Minnie 
 
 Kaiser, August F. 
 Keane, Mary E. 
 Keep, Ruth M. 
 Kellinger, W. J. (Mrs.) 
 Kemp, H. D. (Mrs.) 
 Kerr, Katherine 
 Kersey, Ruth M. 
 Kiefer, Robert H. 
 Killen, Laurel M. 
 King, Madeline B. 
 Knox, Edward E. 
 Kraus, Lawrence H. 
 Krider, Ira F. 
 Kriel, Jacob F., Jr. 
 
 Lamb, Charles G. 
 Lance, Bertha L. 
 Lanchantin, O. A. 
 Laws, Edna 
 Lazenby, Priscilla 
 Lecompte, Harry L. 
 Leeds, Marion F. 
 
 Levy, Julia 
 Line, Druzilla 
 Longan, Ruth L. 
 Loudon, Charlotte E. 
 
 MacFadgen, Wm. G. 
 McCalla, Clarence W., Jr. 
 McClaren, Melville L. 
 McCook, Thomas 
 McCurdy, Bernard E. 
 McKaig, T. B. 
 McKenna, Catherine G. 
 McLaughlin, Joseph R. 
 McNulty, Katherine 
 Mackey, May B. 
 Mair, Henry 
 Martin, Bernadette 
 Maukert, Karl M. 
 Meechan, Ella G. 
 Melnick, Louis 
 Messman, Lois 
 Miller, Laura 
 Mitchell, Chas. 
 Mitchell, W. B. 
 Moore, Hallie M. 
 Morey, Lilian C. 
 Morris, Ruth 
 Moye, Edward A. 
 Mumpower, Lou 
 Mutch, Elizabeth 
 Muzzie, Caesar 
 Myers, Marie L. 
 Myers, William A. 
 
 Nelson, Sadie 
 Nichols, F. D. 
 Nightingale, E. R. 
 Norton, G. C. 
 Nugent, Frank X. 
 Nygren, Marguerite 
 
 O'Neil, Harry S. 
 Openo, Helen M. 
 Orchard, Mary E. 
 
 Palmer, H. C. 
 Patterson, Mary V. 
 Petersen, Frances J. 
 Petersen, Mildred K. 
 Pfeiffer, Henry L. 
 Phelps, Homer V. 
 Pope, A. K. 
 Povey, Mabelle S. 
 Pragel, John L. A. 
 Prather, Percy 
 Pritchett, Wm. E. 
 Purcell, Stephen E. 
 
 Ramseyer, Katherine 
 Reed, John F. 
 Reimold, F. C. 
 Reinhard, Wilma W. 
 Remahl, Margaret M. 
 Renneberger, Gladys 
 Rennick, James D. 
 Reynolds, May Belle 
 Reynolds, Walter V. 
 Richards, Helen E. 
 Riley, Edna A. 
 Riordan, Mary 
 Roberts, J. E. 
 Rogers, A. S. 
 Rogers, Warren H. 
 Rosengren, Charles B. 
 Rothaus, Chas. 
 Rowan, J. J. 
 Russell, Julia M. 
 Ryan, Delia J. 
 
 Schild, Estella A. 
 Schmidt, Marion 
 Schmitt, Henry G. 
 Schoemer, Geo. W. 
 Schutze, Freda M. 
 Shamberger, Martha E. 
 Sheard, Anna M. 
 Sheil, J. A. 
 Shepardson, H. J. 
 Sidelinger, Alice M. (Mrs.) 
 Sipe, Irene 
 Slingsby, Mae H. 
 Small, Rose 
 Smith, Harry L. 
 Smith, Marvin D. 
 Smith, Mildred E. 
 Smith, Rose A. 
 Smith, Zetta 
 Snow, E. E. 
 Sorber, Pearl 
 Stafford, John 
 Stevens, Leona M. (Mrs.) 
 Stevens, Marie K. 
 Stewart, Sylvia A. 
 Stopford, C. Fred 
 Sullivan, Anne 
 Sullivan, L. L. 
 Swope, Lurene 
 
 Tangora, Cosma M. 
 Tangora, George 
 Taylor, Wm. G., Jr. 
 Temple, Florence E. 
 TenBroeck, William H. 
 Thomas, Anne Northrop 
 Thompson, Margaret 
 Townsend, Lucile M. 
 Towson, Leonard 
 
Civilian Members' Certificates 
 
 197 
 
 Traband, Sarah E. 
 Truman, Serena L. 
 Tucker, L. 
 
 Underwood, Lillie 
 Unruh, Garfield J. 
 
 Vallee, Stephanie 
 Vance, Raymond A. 
 Vaudreuil, Alida 
 Veatch, Abbie 
 
 Waldhorn, Lillian M. 
 Walker, Clara G. 
 
 Walker, Nellie 
 Walli, Emile 
 Walsh, Martin J. 
 Warren, Guy E. 
 Weber, Hazel (Mrs.) 
 Webster, Zuella 
 Weiler, Molly M. 
 Welles, George W. 
 Wells, Charlotte M. 
 Wetzel, Laura 
 Wheeler, Ozelle 
 White, Jane 
 White, Stella M. 
 Wilder, Nettie C. 
 
 Willey, Catherine B. 
 Williamson, Maude B . 
 
 (Mrs.) 
 Wilson, James, 3d 
 Wisooker, Pearl 
 Witherspoon, Samuel 
 Wood, Agnes R. 
 Wray, Viola 
 
 Yaffey, Selma E. 
 
 Zeigen, Cecilia 
 Zoller, Abram. 
 
Officers and Enlisted Men of the General 
 Supplies Division 
 
 The following is a list of Officers and Enlisted Men who have been serving in 
 the Hardware and Metals Division (later the General Supplies Division) since 
 its inception. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Ainge, H. D., Capt. 
 Arnold, H. L., Lieut. Col. 
 
 Bangs, John K., Jr., ist 
 
 Lieut. 
 Batcheller, W. R., Major 
 Bliss, Carl W., Capt. 
 Burroughs, W. C, ist 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Carr, Shirley N., Capt. 
 Clausen, E. H., Capt. 
 Clemetsen, Hj aimer A., ist 
 
 Lieut. 
 Conway, Joseph F., Capt. 
 Curtin, J. H., Major 
 
 Dashiell, C. S., Capt. 
 Darr, Earl A., Major 
 Davis, W. T., ist Lieut. 
 DeWitt, Dean, Lieut. 
 Diemer, J. Edgar, Capt. 
 Dunning, Arthur S., Capt. 
 Dunphy, Gerald J., ist 
 Lieut. 
 
 Farneman, J. D. J., ist 
 
 Lieut. 
 Fichtenbaum, Max, Lieut. 
 Fuller, J. M., 2nd Lieut. 
 
 Garrison, J. J., Capt. 
 Gill, James, Capt. 
 Greer, David, Lieut. 
 Gross, Lewis D., Lieut. 
 Guy, Harry B., Lieut. 
 
 Hanson, S. D., Lieut. 
 Hatch, A. S., Lieut. 
 Hellinger, C. G., Lieut. 
 Henderson, Samuel T., 
 
 Capt. 
 Hill, Herbert P., Lieut. Col. 
 Higgins, John J., 2nd Lieut. 
 Hunter, E. C, Lieut. 
 
 Jones, Thos. W., Lieut. 
 
 Kattell, Stanley M., 2nd 
 
 Lieut. 
 Keeley, John F., ist Lieut. 
 Kingstone, L. H., ist. Lieut. 
 
 Lackey, R. K., Lieut. 
 Landers, Samuel P., Capt. 
 Lefebre, W. S., ist Lieut. 
 Loomis, H. E., Capt. 
 Lynch, T. M., Major 
 
 MacDonald, W. T., Lieut. 
 McConnell, John C, Lieut. 
 McLaren, E. E., Lieut. 
 McLeod, D. G. ( Lieut. 
 McNamara, C. Z., Lieut. 
 Moore, H. D., Major 
 Miller, Harry I., Lieut. 
 Murphy, H. F., Lieut. 
 Murphy, Richard C, Lieut. 
 
 Neuberger, H. T. E., 2nd 
 
 Lieut. 
 Northup, H. K., 2nd Lieut. 
 
 198 
 
 O'Brien, Daniel P., Capt. 
 Odlin, Joseph, Major 
 Oliber, W. J., Capt. 
 Orchard, Alfred S., Capt. 
 
 Peck, W. J., Major 
 Phillippi, Louis, Capt. 
 Phillips, T. W. S., Capt. 
 Poole, C. F., Lieut. 
 Price, Chas. B., Capt. 
 Pulen, Simon P., ist Lieut. 
 
 Reid, F. P., 2nd Lieut. 
 Richards, G. H., Major 
 Rosin, F. G., Capt. 
 
 Sanford, L. Hurd, Capt. 
 Sharp, Francis M., Capt. 
 Shoemaker, Chas. D., 
 
 Capt. 
 Standart, W. E., Capt. 
 Stewart, Samuel B., Lieut. 
 
 Thompson, J. C, Capt. 
 Tilley, W. P., 2nd Lieut. 
 
 Voigtsberger, Monroe E., 
 ist Lieut. 
 
 Webber, J. W., ist Lieut. 
 Williams, J. G., Capt. 
 Wright, Hugh, Capt. 
 
 Young, W. G., Capt. 
 
 Zuver, H. E., Capt. 
 
Officers and Enlisted Men 
 
 199 
 
 Berlin, Irving W., Sgt. 
 Buck, Phil. E., Pvt. 
 Burke, Ernest, Pvt. 
 
 Current, Stanley A., Sgt. 
 
 Ebner, Ewald, Pvt. 
 Edelschein, Theo., Pvt. 
 
 Goldman, Harry, Pvt. 
 
 ENLISTED MEN 
 
 Greenhall, M., Pvt. 
 Grode, John O., Pvt. 
 
 Hague, W. W., Sgt. 
 
 Junker, C. A., Sgt. 
 
 Laderburg, J., Pvt. 
 Lord, Allen, Sgt. 
 
 Olson, Geo., Pvt. 
 
 Plowright, Roy, Sgt. 
 Pollack, Simon, Sgt. 
 
 Smith, Geo. J., Sgt. 
 
 Wenke, Geo. C, Pvt. 
 Wilson, S. B., Sgt. 
 
 Yeoman, F. M., Sgt. 
 
PERSONNEL LIST 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GENERAL SUPPLIES DIVISION 
 
 Abdill, Charles P., Hyde Park Hotel, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Abdill, Russell F., Hyde Park Hotel, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Adams, John W., Sullivan, Ind. 
 
 Adams, Lucille, 516 W. Hill St., Wabash, Ind. 
 
 Ahrens, Anna Lenora, Highmore, S. D. 
 
 Ainge, Capt. H. D., 405 Pine St., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Aldrich, Anthony B., Great Notch, N. J. 
 
 Allen, J. M., Hope, Ark. 
 
 Allen, W. B., 3512 Harrison St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Ambler, Humphrey Keyes, Charlestown, W. Va. 
 
 Anderson, Anna E., Madelia, Minn. 
 
 Andrews, Wendell E., 65 Wilder St., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Antrim, Elwood H., 1514 Federal St., Camden, N. J. 
 
 Arnold, Lloyd R., 82^ Main St., Ashtabula, O. 
 
 Arnold, Lieut. Col. H. L., Terre Haute, Ind. 
 
 Arpe, Chas. W., 6424 W. Michigan Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Atterbury, Karleen, Mendon, Mo. 
 
 Atwood, I. Mabel, Groton, N. Y. 
 
 Babbs, Louisa, Cohoes, N. Y. 
 
 Bacon, Wm. E., 1405 Emerson St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ballowe, Anna L., Vienna, 111. 
 
 Bangs, Lieut. John K., Jr., 7 West 43d St., New York City. 
 
 Banitch, Nikola, 458 West 151st St., New York City. 
 
 Barlow, F. W., Scranton, Pa. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 201 
 
 Barnett, Helen K., no Virginia Ave., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 Barry, Lyman H., 223 E. Taylor St., Savannah, Ga. 
 
 Bast, Lucy A. (Mrs.), Ovid, Mich. 
 
 Batcheller, Major W. R., Richmond, Va. 
 
 Bates, Harry Ira, 214 Riverside Drive, New York City. 
 
 Battey, Dorothy, 600 E. 28th St., Portland, Ore. 
 
 Beauregard, A. T., Darien, Conn. 
 
 Beckley, Helen Frances, 654 K St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Beeks, Mary Rae, Newcomerstown, O. 
 
 Beidler, William, 1016 3d Av. S., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Beisser, Mary, 120 Walnut Street, Reading, Pa. 
 
 Belcher, Caroline, Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Benedict, Frances, 207 E. Chestnut St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Bengal, May R., mi E. Monroe St., Bloomington, 111. 
 
 Bennett, D. J., Watkins, N. Y. 
 
 Bennett, Lucille Grace, 705 E. Elm St., Springfield, Mo. 
 
 Benson, Tonette, 4215 Blaisdell Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Berger, Frank, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Berglund, Edna E., 610 19th Av. N. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Berlin, Sgt. Irving, 30 W. 70th St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Bertram, John, 1258 Hancock St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Besse, A. S. (Mrs.), Bonham, Tex. 
 
 Biddle, Madeline, 120 Frederick St., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 Biddleman, Samuel H., Newark, N. J. 
 
 Bidle, Gertrude, 420 N. 16th St., Quincy, 111. 
 
 Bieber, Jennie B., 3602 Fiske Ave., East Falls, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Bird, Eva S., 508 Ave. E., Riverside, Pa. 
 
 Blacksten, Eva G., 222 Hazlett Ave., N. W., Canton, O. 
 
 Blanton, Edna M., 207 Tanner St., Sikeston, Mo. 
 
 Bledsoe, Dora B., Brock, Ky. 
 
 Bliss, Capt. Carl W. c/o A. B. Aldrich, Great Notch, N. J. 
 
 Bockhacker, Mrs. Bert., 1616 N. St., So., Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Bond, N. Pearl, Bonham, Tex. 
 
 Bookout, Helen Louise, Green City, Mo. 
 
 Boren, Calla L., Route 6, Sherman, Tex. 
 
 Bort, Clara M., Crocker, Mo. 
 
 Botts, Anton D., 1417 N. Capitol St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bourdon, Mildred A., 603 Commonwealth Av., Newton Centre, Mass. 
 
 Bradley, Flora, Elwood, Mo. 
 
 Brannon, Bernard L., Glenville, W. Va. 
 
202 "As You Were" 
 
 Brasher, Lillian B., Orrick, Mo. 
 
 Brewster, Eugene M., 3002 Eleventh St., N. W., Rome, N. Y. 
 
 Brooks, Joshua Twing, Sewickley, Pa. 
 
 Brown, Ethel Lee, 200 Forest Av., Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 Brown, Frank C, 134 E. Brighton Av., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Brown, Marjory, 134 E. Brighton Av., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Buck, Pvt. Phillip E., 514 3d St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Buck, Sidney Fay, 41 Cleveland St., Cortland, N. Y. 
 
 Buckle, Fay, Stafford, Kans. 
 
 Buckner, Mildred, Springfield, Mo. 
 
 Buddenberg, A. W., Canandaigua, N. Y. 
 
 Buegeleisen, Samuel, 251 W. 89th St., New York City. 
 
 Bunnell, Edna, Trenton, Mo. 
 
 Burch, Joseph, 708 10th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Burch, Wilmer, 708 10th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Burgess, Thayer, 140 Oxford Rd., New Hartford, N. Y. 
 
 Burke, Pvt. Ernest, Fair Lawn, N. J. 
 
 Burke, Jas. V., 324 T St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Burke, Mildred A., 120 De Kalb Av., Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 Burns, Gilbert W., 1343 1st St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Burns, John J., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Burns, Raymond F., 165 Audubon Av., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Burroughs, Lieut. W. C, 650 E. 21st St., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Butts, C. L., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Butts, Katherine K., 457 W. 123d St., New York City. 
 
 Cahill, Wm. F., 120-a Palisade Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 
 Caldwell, Dorothy E., 1327 L St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Callan, Patrick J., 204 C St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Carr, Edward E., Ryder Lane & R. Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Carr, Capt. Shirley N., 140 N. Mountain Av., Montclair, N. J. 
 Casey, Ivan A., 1028 N. 15th St., E. St. Louis, 111. 
 Cashin, Jno. C, 415 N. Baldwin St., Madison, Wis. 
 Chatelain, Gladys Elma, 520 Schroyer Av., S. W., Canton, O. 
 Cherry, James J., 51 16 Indiana Av., Chicago, 111. 
 Clark, Harvey, 1852 Fifth St., Washington, D. C. 
 Clausen, Capt. E. H., 3059 Adeline St., Berkeley, Calif. 
 Cleaver, Ruth, 171 1 I St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Clemetsen, Lieut. Hjalmar A., c/o Valley City Desk Co., Grand 
 Rapids, Mich. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 203 
 
 Cohen, Elizabeth, Riverside, N. J. 
 
 Cohen, Leah R., 9 Silver Place, Waterville, Me. 
 
 Collier, May S. (Mrs.), 1926 N. H. Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Combs, Ethel, Billings, Mo. 
 
 Conlon, Helen, Springfield, Mo. 
 
 Conner, Maurice V., 106 Oxford St., Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Conrad, Charles H., in Leroy St., Binghampton, N. Y. 
 
 Conway, Capt. Jos. F., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Corder, Marguerite, Front Royal, Va. 
 
 Crandall, Mrs. W. R., P. O. Box 270, South River, N. J. 
 
 Crichton, Lillian D., Towanda, 111. 
 
 Crowe, Matthew R., Winthrop, Mass. 
 
 Current, Sgt. Stanley A., 1336 Virginia St., Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 Curry, M. G., 151 1 Breda St., St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Curtin, Major J. H., 1036 Midland Av., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Darby, Walter C, 128 C St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Darr, Major E. A., 41 Park Row, New York City. 
 
 Darte, Mabel H., 1520 Newton St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Dashiell, Capt. Chas. S., Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Daugherty, Bertine J., 516 E. Fourth St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Daut, Frank J., 631 Mead St., (Bronx), New York City. 
 
 Davenport, Vera M. P., 130c Willow St., Plymouth, Pa. 
 
 Davis, Hazel P. (Mrs.), Middletown, Mass. 
 
 Davis, H. E. (Mrs.), c/o W. R. Parker, Box 717, Marbeth, Pa. 
 
 Davis, Vivian S., 43 Vine St., Northfield, Vt. 
 
 Davis, Lieut. W. T., 3352 18th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Dee, Josephine A., 4442 Ellis Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Devlin, Arthur A., 450 Oakdale Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
 DeWitt, Lieut. Dean Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Dex, Max, 1307 New Hampshire Av., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Dickerman, Franklin E., 2234 N. 51st St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Diemer, Capt. J. Edgar, 3818 Barrington Rd., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Dixon, Maude O., Westport, Ind. 
 
 Donahue, Robert, Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 Dommershausen, M., 502 N. 15th St., Terre Haute, Ind. 
 
 Doolittle, Amy A., no Wilson Av., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Dorsey, Robert O., New Market, Va. 
 
 Doshier, Mae, Yellville, Ark. 
 
 Douden, Ruth M., 1010 E. 17th Av., Denver, Colo. 
 
204 "As You Were" 
 
 Dray, Bernice B., Washington Court House, O. 
 
 Dray, Hazel C, 147 Tennessee Av., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Duffy, Jas. A., 73 K St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Dunlap, R. P., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 Dunning, Capt. A. S., 529 Woodland Av., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Dunning, M. A., 529 Woodland Av., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Dunphy, Lieut. Gerald J., 429 Convent Av., New York City. 
 
 Dyer, Adolph R., 332 S. Michigan Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Earl, Rebecca E., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Easter, Geo. J., El Paso Smelter, El Paso, Tex. 
 
 Ebbert, George S., 5440 Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Ebert, Ruth F., 4432 Harris Av., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Ebner, Pvt. Ewald, 19 Catherine Av., Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 Eckels, Mildred A., 3524 N. 24th St., Philadephia, Pa. 
 
 Edelschein, Pvt. Theodore, 2512 Dakota St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Edwards, Jas. L., 814 Park Av., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 Eisenberg, Isadore J., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Epp, A. D. (Mrs.), 902 W. 26th St., Erie, Pa. 
 
 Eshleman S. St. J., 1203 Fourth St., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Evans, Leila, Mercer, Mo. 
 
 Falber, May, 404 E. 51st St., New York City. 
 
 Farnsworth, John G., R. F. D. No. 8, Waterloo, Iowa. 
 
 Farneman, Lieut. J. D. J., 2925 So. Mich. St., South Bend, Ind. 
 
 Faulkner, Bess E., Fresno, Cal. 
 
 Felton, Mildred, 416 Grand Av., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 Ferguson, Laura E., Maryland Hotel, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Fichtenbaum, Lieut. Max., 608 Blanco St., Austin, Tex. 
 
 Finch, Constance, 906 G St., S. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Fisher, Margaret M., 241 O St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Fitzsimmons, Helen B., 539 S. Main St., Avoca, Pa. 
 
 Flagg, Luella B., 3315 12th St., N. E., Brookland, Wash., D. C. 
 
 Fletcher, Courtney, 1409 Emerson St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Fletcher, Emily, 1409 Emerson St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Flodin, Mrs. W. 0., 1726 E. Fifth St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Flynn, J. J., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Foley, Dorothy, (Station A), Pueblo, Col. 
 
 Forman, Marie E., Mexico, Mo. 
 
 Foster, Agnes, 218 W. Fifth St., Taylor, Tex. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 205 
 
 Foster, Ester E., Sneath, Mo. 
 
 Fowler, Robert W., 621 W. Berry St., Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Fox, Lucy, Mtn. Grove, Mo. 
 
 Frease, Vivian, 706 Marion Av., S. W., Canton, 0. 
 
 Freeh, Alfred R., 784 St. John's PL, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Fredette, Flossie, 312 Wilkinson St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Freerks, Verna G., 1921 Dupont Av. S., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Frick, Alma G., 4474 Art St., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Fugitt, Chas H., Apt. n, The Virginia, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Fuller, Lieut. J. M., 151 1 Howard Av., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 Fusting, W. F., 601 Paul Jones Bldg., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Gagnon, Clara M., Two Rivers, Wis. 
 
 Gagnon, Delia M., 2402 Washington St., Two Rivers, Wis. 
 
 Gallagher, John, 648 K St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Garity, C. H., 206 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Garlock, Morgan, 14 Prospect St., New Hartford, N. Y. 
 
 Garrett, Mary M., 1769 Columbia Rd., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Garrison, Capt. J. J., Lennox Apt., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 George, Carrie G. (Mrs.), 88 Columbia Ave., Newark, N. J. 
 
 George, Kenneth D., 88 Columbia Avenue, Newark, N. J. 
 
 Gibbs, Gertrude L., 258 Beacon St., Athol, Mass. 
 
 Gill, Capt. James, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Gillers, Louis, 1331 Fifth Av., New York City 
 
 Gillespie, Katherine, 18 Lockwood Av., New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 
 Gitt, Marion F., (Mrs.), 813 L St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Goldberg, Isadore, 817 5th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Goldman, Pvt. Harry, 945 Whitlock St., Bronx, N. Y. 
 
 Gooding, Eleanor M., (Mrs.), 985 River St., Hyde Park, Mass. 
 
 Gooding, Martha E., 730 Metropolitan Av., Hyde Park, Mass. 
 
 Goodyear, Mrs. Eliz. C, 315 X-Y Bldg. (Gov't Hotel), Washington, 
 
 D. C. 
 Graham, Henry C, Jackson, Miss. 
 Graham, Wm. A., 15 Vernon Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Grant, Sarah V. (Mrs.), 5801 Colorado Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Graves, Charles F., 21 13 K St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Grebe, G. H., 176 Prospect Park W., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Greenhall, Pvt. Melvin N., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Greer, Lieut. David, Newton, Mass. 
 Gretsch, Frederick, Forest Hill, N. Y. 
 
2o6 "As You Were" 
 
 Griffin, W. C., 56 Lefferts Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Grode, Pvt. Jno. O., Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 Gross, Lieut. Lewis D., Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Gunderson, Gtmder, 938 Willow Av., Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Guy, Lieut. Harry B. (deceased), R. F. D. No. 3, Youngstown, O. 
 
 Gwalteny, Damen, 629 Fairmont St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Hagerty, Alice M., 1524 Chapel, Curte, Ohio. 
 
 Hague, Sgt. Wilmer W., 1818 North 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Hale, Eunice, 59 Stewart St., S. W., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Halsell, Lowena, West Plains, Mo. 
 
 Halstead, Lorena, West Plains, Mo. 
 
 Hancher, Thelma Marie, 102 S. Columbus St., Xenia, Ohio. 
 
 Hanna, Richard M., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Hanson, Lieut. S. D., Bloomingdale, N. J. 
 
 Harris, Doris, Cocymans, Albany Co., N. Y. 
 
 Harrison, Marjory D., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Hasek, Bertha L., 620 8th Av., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 
 
 Haskell, E. M., 15 Cook Terrace, Mettapan, Mass. 
 
 Hatch, Lieut. A. S., 79 Benton Rd., Somerville, Mass. 
 
 Haufstatter, Esther, Edgeley, N. D. 
 
 Hayes, Otto G., St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 Hellinger, Lieut. C. G., 211 W. 12th St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Henderson, Capt. Samuel T., 168 E. Genessee St., Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 Henrich, Charles E., 227 W. Houston St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Hershfield, Lawrence H., 1067 E. 14th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Hewitt, J. J. (Mrs.), Oakdale, Pa. 
 
 Heywood, Williena E., 5130 Hutchinson St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Hibbs, Anna, 230 Jefferson Av., Columbus, O. 
 
 Hickman, Ruth Magdalen, 137 N. St., Division, Battle Creek, Mich. 
 
 Higgins, Lieut. John J., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Hill, Lieut. Col. Herbert P., 49 South 9th St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 Hillman, Nellie E., 3637 S. Grand Av., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Hilton, Annie M., 100 So. Arlington Av. E. Orange, N. J. 
 
 Hitch, Helen D., 643 Chestnut St., Terre Haute, Ind. 
 
 Holbrook, Caryl E., 113 Cross St., Reeve, N. H. 
 
 Holden, Florence W., South Street, Wrentham, Mass. 
 
 Holden, Ruth, Collierville, Tenn. 
 
 Hollis, Joseph C, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Hooker, Harry E., 5615 Wayner Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
ERRATA 
 
 Particular attention is directed to an omission in the foregoing list of civilian mem- 
 bers to whom certificates were issued by the War Department in recognition of ser- 
 vices rendered. To this list should be added the name of 
 
 W. T. Johnson, Union Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was prominently identified with the early history of the Hardware and 
 Metals Divisions. His name should also be added to the Personnel List of the General 
 Supplies Division, page 207. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 207 
 
 Howland, Addie, 513 Ocean Park Av., Bradley Beach, N. J. 
 
 Huber, Mayre, Nilwood, 111. 
 
 Hughes, Gilbert R., 905 James St., N., Rome, N. Y. 
 
 Hull, Wm. E., 5239 Magnolia Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Hurd, Sallie Horton, Pawling, N. Y. 
 
 Hunter, Lieut. E. C, 311 E. Broadway, Fulton, N. Y. 
 
 Hunter, Mae, 717 E. 23d St., Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Hutchins, Gertrude, 2105 1st St., S., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Hingston, Lavinia J., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Jackson, Lucille, Fourth & Vance Sts., Taylor, Texas. 
 
 Jackson, M. Isabel, 3021 P St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Jacobs, Amy, 140 Grand View Av., Staten Island, N. Y. 
 
 Jacobs, Emily, 808 W. Superior St., Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
 
 James, Virginia W., Harriman, Tenn. 
 
 Jasper, David W., 459 S. Monroe Av., Columbus, 0. 
 
 Jennings, Harry, Walton, Fla. 
 
 John, Allen W., Kelley-How-Thomson Co., 303— 15th St., 5th Av., West 
 
 Duluth, Minn. 
 Jones, Ethel M., Chicago, 111. 
 Jones, Julia, Lawrenceville, 111. 
 
 Johnson, Howard, 59 New York Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Johnson, Minnie, Greenview, 111. 
 Johnston, Otto C, St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Jones, Lieut. Thos. W., 11 12 S. 17th St., Birmingham, Ala. 
 Junker, Sgt. Clayton A., Wellsville, N. Y. 
 
 Kahn, Arthur S., 16 W. 119th St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Kaiser, August F., 21 15 Callow Av., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Kattell, Lieut. Stanley M., 35 Oak St., Binghampton, N. Y. 
 
 Kay, Mrs. Florence M., Tuscaloosa, Ala. 
 
 Keane, Mary E., 630 E. St., S. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kearns, Marie C, 302 E 32nd St., Paterson, N. J. 
 
 Keeley, Edw. Jos., Bayonne, N. J. 
 
 Keeley, Lieut. Jno. F., c/o Simmons Hdw. Co., 17 Battery PL, N. Y. 
 
 Keeley, Walter, Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 Keep, Ruth M., Paris, 111. 
 
 Kellinger, W. J. (Mrs.), 337 Md. Av. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kemp, Mrs. H. D., 717 E. 23d St., Apt. 4., Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Kerr, Katherine, Reynoldsville, Pa. 
 
208 " As You Were" 
 
 Kersey, Ruth M., 3617 13th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Kiefer, Robert H., 517 Townsend St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Killen, Laurel M., 535 Inca St., Denver, Colo. 
 
 King, Madeline B., 20 Tanner Av., Sharon, Pa. 
 
 King, Wilbur, 1523 27th St., N. W., Wash., D. C. 
 
 Kimmey, L. O. (Mrs.), 44 Pond St., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Kingstone, Lieut. Louis H., 195 Claremont Av., New York City. 
 
 Kirby, Delacy, Amer. Univ. Pk., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Klink, Ivy M., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 Knoblauch, Pauline, Metamora, 111. 
 
 Knox, Edward E., 1006 Av. D., Miami, Fla. 
 
 Knudtson, Anna, R. I. Box 4, Blair, Wis. 
 
 Kraus, Lawrence H., Jacksonville, 111. 
 
 Krider, Ira F., 200 W. 5th St., Newton, Kan. 
 
 Kriel, Jacob F., Jr., 1109 Mosher St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Lackey, Lieut. R. K., Lansing, Mich. 
 
 Laderburg, Pvt. Julius, 567 Barley St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Lamb, Charles G., Holton Av. & E. 83d St., Cleveland, O. 
 
 Lanchantin, O. A., 2127 82d St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Lance, Bertha L., 105 W. Quincy Av., Pittsburg, Kan. 
 
 Landers, Capt. Samuel P., 5408 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Landford, Jennie, 403 E. 2nd St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Laws, Edna, Cabool, Mo. 
 
 Lay, Catherine (Mrs.), 1317 Dogwood St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Lazenby, Priscilla, Brentwood, Tenn. 
 
 Lecompte, Harry L., 5833 York Road, Govans, Md. 
 
 Leeds, Marion F., 229 West Main St., New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Lefebre, Lieut. W. S., 311 E. 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Levenberg, Joseph L., 1639 Belmont Av., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Levy, Henry L., 408 Saratoga Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Levy, Julia, 929 Westminster St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Lightstone, Ruth, 17 East 115 St., New York City. 
 
 Lima, Charles C, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Line, Druzilla, 123 S. Collett St., Lima, Ohio. 
 
 Lippitt, Willard J., 248 Coolidge Av., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Livingston, Walter M., Watertown, S. D. 
 
 Long, Clara, Idana, Kans. 
 
 Long, Marion, Idana, Kans. 
 
 Longan, Ruth L., 3406 Woodland Av., Kansas City, Mo. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 209 
 
 Loomis, Capt. Harry E., Buick Motor Co., Sales Dept., Flint, Mich. 
 
 Loomis, Hubble A., Radnor Heights, Box 48, Roselyn, Va. 
 
 Lord, Sgt. Allen, Martinsburg, W. Va. 
 
 Lorrain, Jos. A., 103 B St., Lowell, Mass. 
 
 Loudon, Charlotte E., 431 West Simpson St., Mechanicsburg, Pa. 
 
 Love, Eva L. (Mrs.) 205 Sherman Apt. 
 
 15th & L Sts., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Lowd, Jack, 1333 1st St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Lucas, Lottie M., Frankfort, Ind. 
 
 Lynch, Major T. M. (deceased), 1214 Lamont St., N. W., Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Mackey, May B., Groton, N. Y. 
 
 MacDonald, Lieut. W. T., 245 Grand Av., Aurora, 111. 
 
 MacFadgen, Wm. G., 17 East Lake St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 MacNeill, Charlotte H. (Mrs.), 1819 Ruckle St., Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 McCalla, Clarence W., Jr., Lorillard Co., 1 19 W. 40th St., New York City. 
 
 McCann, Joseph X., 206a Bates St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 McCarthy, John J., 2313 Washington Circle, Washington, D. C. 
 
 McClaren, Melville L., Fergusson Bldg., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 McClelland, Edward, 814— 9th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 McConnell, Lieut. John C, McConnell & Co., Boston, Mass. 
 
 McCook, Thomas, 156 Barley St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 McCurdy, Bernard E., Watseka, 111. 
 
 McDevett, Marie (Mrs.), 310 West 115 St., New York City. 
 
 McDonald, Anna L., 1106 Columbia Rd., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 McDonald, W. L., Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 McLeod, Lieut. D. G., 205 E. 6th St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 McNamara, Lieut. Chas. Z., 4326 Maryland Av., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 McGovern, James, 21 Tecumseh St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 McGwin, Grace, Arlington, Va. 
 
 Mclntyre, Fred, 38 Eye St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mclntire, S. H. (Mrs.), 530 Hemlock St., Helena, Mont. 
 
 McKaig, Thos. B., 5613 Howe St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 McKenna, Catherine G., 1214 Shepherd St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 McLaren, Lieut. E. E., 1508 Larabee St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 McLaughlin, Joseph R., 134 Linden St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 McNulty, Katherine, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Mair, Henry, 133 1 First St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Malone, Robert C, 244 P St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
2io "As You Were" 
 
 Martin, Bernadette, 3 Bellevue St., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 Marting, Nell T., 843 2nd St., Portsmouth, O. 
 
 Matthews, Annie M., Lonaconing, Md. 
 
 Maukert, Karl M. (Mrs.), 609— 3d St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Maukert, Karl M., 618 Greene St., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 Maukert, Lois, 1 Shawnee Av., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 May, Catherine, 1029 Park Rd., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Maynard, Mable, Dendron, Va. 
 
 Meechan, Ella G., 1800 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Melnick, Louis, 1436 Prospect Av., New York City. 
 
 Meynard, Margot, 523 West 151st St., New York City. 
 
 Miles, Golden, Coffeyville, Kan. 
 
 Miller, Gertrude C, 123 Dueber Av., Canton, O. 
 
 Miller, Lieut. Harry I., 216 Laurel St., Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Miller, Laura, Capon Bridge, W. Va. 
 
 Miller, Mollie E., Springfield, Mo. 
 
 Miller, William H., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Mitchell, Chas. (deceased), Fort Smith, Ark. 
 
 Mitchell, W. B., 250 Sherman Av., New York City. 
 
 Monroe, Marion V., 1910 5th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Moon, D. E., De Queen, Ark. 
 
 Moore, Hallie M., Stem, N. C. 
 
 Moore, Major Harry D., 1808 Eye St. (Benedict Apts.), Washington, D.C. 
 
 Moore, Lillian A., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Morey, Lilian C, 731 East Fifth St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Moye, Edward A., 1224 W. nth Av., Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Mulloy, Dominic, 705 10th St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mulloy, Ralph I., 705 10th St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mumpower, Lou, Kingston, Mo. 
 
 Mundell, Robert, 341 1 Rhode Island Av., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Murphy, John, 3814 Harford Av. Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Murphy, Lieut. H. F., Carlinville, 111. 
 
 Murphy, Nellie, Hastings, Neb. . 
 
 Murphy, Lieut. Richard C, 511 N. Van Buren St., Wilmington, Del. 
 
 Mutch, Elizabeth, 175 Centre St., Nutley, N. J. 
 
 Muzzie, Caesar, 923 Washington St., Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Myers, Marie L., 827 7th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Myers, William A., 1242 Florida Av., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Nelson, Sadie, 530— 20th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 211 
 
 Neuberger, Lieut. H. T. E., Paterson, N. J. 
 
 Nichols, F. D., 22 Washington St., Cortland, N. Y. 
 
 Nightingale, E. R., 60 Thurber Av., Brockton, Mass. 
 
 Nimmo, Dorothy, 400 6th Av., New York City. 
 
 Nindo, Lucy P. (Mrs.), Colonial Beach, Va. 
 
 Northup, Lieut. Howard K., Ashville, N. C. 
 
 Norton, G. C, 1507 Av. J., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Norton, Patrick, 905 — nth St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Nugent, Frank X., 24 Bay 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Nygren, Marguerite, 2744 Russell Av., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 O'Brien, Capt. Daniel P., 619 High St., West Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 O'Connell, Helen J., New York City, 
 
 O'Connor, John J., 614— 22nd St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Odlin, Major Joseph, Andover, N. H. 
 
 Oliver, Capt. W. J., 128 Linden Av., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Olson, Pvt. George, 199 Barrett Av., Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 O'Neill, Charles E., Jamaica, L. L, N. Y. 
 
 O'Neil, Harry S., 218 Van Wyck Av., Richmond Hill, L. I., N. Y. 
 
 Openo, Helen M., Central Lake, Mich. 
 
 Orchard, Capt. Alfred S., Moylan, Pa. 
 
 Orchard, Mary E., 1306 W. Locust St., Scranton, Pa. 
 
 Osgood, Ruth, 1713 P St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Palmer, H. C, 1401 Belmont St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Patterson, Mary V., 505 K St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Peck, Major W. J., 2649 Woodley Road, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Peters, Delia W., Rockville, Md. 
 
 Petersen, Frances J., 404 W. 8th St., Fremont, Neb. 
 
 Petersen, Mildred K., 4044 Shoshone St., Denver, Colo. 
 
 Pettijohn, O. A. (Mrs.), 1010 Okla. Av., Woodward, Okla. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Henry L., Ridgewood, N. J. 
 
 Phelph, Homer V., Collingwood Hotel (Rm. 312), New York City. 
 
 Phillippi, Capt. Louis, 101 S. Main St., Masontown, Pa. 
 
 Phillips, Capt. T. W. S., 44 W. 77th St. (c/o C. E. Miller), New York 
 
 City. 
 Plowright, Sgt. Roy, 62 Milford St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Pollack, Sgt. Simon, 
 
 Pollard, Simon, 121 W. 114th St., New York City. 
 Pomerleau, A. M., 6 Farley St., So. Lawrence, Mass. 
 
212 "As You Were" 
 
 Poole, Lieut. C. F., Evanston, 111. 
 
 Pope, A. K., 1224 Delaware Drive, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Porter, Jessie, 491a Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Potter, Stephanie B., San Gabriel, Cal. 
 
 Povey, Mabelle S., 283 Odell Av., Gray Oaks, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Pragel, John L. A., 930 Hanover St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Prather, Percy, Academy, S. Dak. 
 
 Price, Capt. Chas. B., 423 W. Ormsby Av., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Pritchett, Wm. E., 3407 Glenwood Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Pulen, Lieut. S. P., 56 E. 34th St., New York City. 
 
 Purcell, Stephen E., 2 Rector St., 
 
 c/o Atwood-Paxton Co., New York City 
 Putnam, Nell (Mrs.), 3544 New Hampshire Av., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ramseyer, Katherine, 415 W. 8th St., Emporia, Kans. 
 
 Raney, Kenyon, 107 Cheney St., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Ray May (Mrs.), 2144 West 100th St., Cleveland, O. 
 
 Reed, John F., 134 Halsey St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Reese, Edna G., Hamilton, Tex. 
 
 Reid, Lieut. F. P., 691 Highland Av., Takoma Park, D. C. 
 
 Reinhard, Wilma W., 130 E. 7th St., Mt. Carmel, 111. 
 
 Reimold, F. C, 409 N. Michigan St., South Bend, Ind. 
 
 Remahl, Margaret M., 783 Broadway, East Saugus, Mass. 
 
 Renneberger, Gladys, 917 — 7th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Rennick, James D., 31 Early St., Morristown, N. J. 
 
 Reuling, Charles H., 1121 Robinson St., S. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Reynolds, Ethel (Mrs.), (deceased), Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Reynolds, May Belle, 578 Seward Av., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Reynolds, Walter V., 270 Convent Av., New York City. 
 
 Richards, E. B. (deceased). 
 
 Richards, Major G. H., 54th St., Hotel Cumberland, New York City. 
 
 Richards, Helen E., 45 D St., S. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Richards, Roland, Danville, Pa. 
 
 Riley, Edna A., 239 East Main St., West Plains, Mo. 
 
 Riordan, Mary, 33 M St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ritscher, William A., Jr., 452 Franklin St., Bloomfield, N. J. 
 
 Roberts, J. E., 930 St. Nicholas Av., New York City. 
 
 Rogers, A. S., 381 Fourth Av., New York City. 
 
 Rogers, Warren H., 1809 Beverly Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Rose, Mildred B., 918 Lawndale Av., Detroit, Mich. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 213 
 
 Rosenberg, Ruth, 173 Ashburton Av., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Rosengren, Charles B., 46 Saint Marks PI., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Rosin, Capt. Frank G., 715 N. Jefferson St., Jackson, Miss. 
 
 Rothaus, Chas., 485 Jerome St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Rowan, J. J., 1905— 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Rowe, Harry L., 625 Woodland Av., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Ruegg, Bertha S., 2468 Ontario Rd., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Rushworth, Leroy A., 562 West 191st St., New York City. 
 
 Russell, Julia M., Hogansburg, N. Y. 
 
 Ryan, Delia J., 133 E. 3d St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Sanford, Capt. L. Hurd, 9 Montague Terrace, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Sasscer, Belle, Croonie Sta., Md. 
 
 Sauter, William Hugo, Turners Falls, Mass. 
 
 Schaeffer, Fred, 2705 Norwood Av., North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Schild, Estella, 1410 N. Wabash Av., Kokomo, Ind. 
 
 Schmidt, Marion, 6 Wait St., Roxbury, Mass. 
 
 Schmitt, Henry G., 4032 Hudson Blvd., West Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Schoemer, Geo. W., 334 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Schutze, Freda M., Lead, S. D. 
 
 Schwartz, Beverly, 862 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Schweitzer, Wm. Geo., 230 Bates St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Shackelford, Edith M., 1816— 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Shaffer, Elizabeth, 220 E. St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Shamberger, Martha E., 2642 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Shapiro, Clara, 749 Tinton Av., Bronx, N. Y. 
 
 Sharp, Capt. Francis M., 212 Moffit St., Joplin, Mo. 
 
 Shea, Margaret A., 856 West Drive, Woodruff PL, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Sheard, Anna M., 146 Readville St., Readville, Mass. 
 
 Sheil, Mary M., 309 Mass. Av., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Sheil, J. A., Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Shepardson, H. J., 1523 L St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Sherrick, Reburta, 3768 McKinley St., Chevy Chase, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Shipman, Mary (Mrs.), 3015 Central Av., Paris, 111. 
 
 Shoemaker, Capt. Charles D., 4910 Washington Av., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Shuptrine, Clarence H., 340— 8th St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Sibert, Irene, 512 So. Main St., Harrisonburg, Va. 
 
 Sidelinger, Alice M. (Mrs.), 922 New York Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Sipe, Irene, Bridgewater, Va. 
 
 Slingsby, Mae H., 6 Kirk St., Methuen, Mass. 
 
2T 4 "As You Were" 
 
 Small, Rose, 815 Upshur St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Smith, Anne E. (Apt. 55), 235 West Peach Tree St., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Smith, Aurelia, 1515 Wise. Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Smith, Sgt. George J., 224 Spring Av., Webster Groves, Mo. 
 
 Smith, Harry L., 54 Orne St., Salem, Mass. 
 
 Smith, Marvin D., Beecher City, 111. 
 
 Smith, Mildred E., 528 Cambridge St., Allston, Mass. 
 
 Smith, Rose A., Orson, Pa. 
 
 Smith, Zetta, 1226 Saratoga Av., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Snow, E. E., 2708 W. No. Av., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Sorber, Pearl, Somerset, Pa. 
 
 Sparks, Julia, Macon, Ga. 
 
 Sposato, Anthony, 119 N. 6th Av., Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
 
 Stafford, John, 131 Elm St., West Somerville, Mass. 
 
 Standart, Capt. W. E., Standart Bros., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Stanley, A. Ruth, 7710 S. Ada St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Staton, Annie M., Snow Hill, Md. 
 
 Stauffer, A. F., 3050 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Stevens, Charles' M., 6206 Christian St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Stevens, Leona M. (Mrs.), 609 Quincy St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Stevens, Marie K., Central Valley, N. Y. 
 
 Stewart, Ruth T., 431 Trinity Place, Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 Stewart, Lieut. Samuel B., 435 — 6th Av., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Stewart, Sylvia A., Coloma, Mich. 
 
 Stickley, Leroy A., 905 — 9th St. N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Stonnell, Dorothy, 5016 Denmore Av., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Stonnell, Irene, 5016 Denmore Av., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Stopford, C. Fred, Chatham, N. J. 
 
 Strassburger, H. H., in S. 15th Av., E., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Sullivan, Anne Coolidge Corner, 330 Summit Av., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Sullivan, L. L., Sandersville, Ga. 
 
 Swope, Lurene, Stormlake, Iowa. 
 
 Tangora, Cosma M., 4502 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Tangora, George, 4502 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Tannenbaum, Max, Hackettstown, N. J. 
 
 Taylor, Wm. G., Jr., Box 414, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Temple, Florence E., 1901a Victor St., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Ten Broeck, Wm. H., Kingston, N. Y. 
 
 Thomas, Anne Northrop, Rolston Hospital, El Paso, Tex. 
 
Personnel List of General Supplies Division 215 
 
 Thompson, Capt. J. C, Portner Apts. 262, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Thompson, Margaret (deceased), 9 Wesley, Ferguson, Mo. 
 
 Thompson, Majorie, Harriman, N. Y. 
 
 Tilley, Lieut. William P., 600 N. Meridian St., Brazil, Ind. 
 
 Tobin, Helen M., 796 Greenlawn, Lima, 0. 
 
 Tolson, Carrie, 319— 7th St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Townsend, Lucile M., Denver Hotel, Muskogee, Okla. 
 
 Towson, Leonard, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Traband, Sarah E., Upper Marlborough, Md. 
 
 Truman, Serena L., Gray Oaks, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Tucker, L., Standish, Cal. 
 
 Tyree, David M., 1225 Crittenden St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 
 
 Underhill, Bernice I., 157K Lyon St. N. E. Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 Underwood, Lillian, 1003 New Hampshire Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Unruh, Garfield J., Great Bend, Kan. 
 Umbaugh, Marie, 2718 Monroe St. Toledo, 0. 
 
 Vance, Raymond A., 25 Beardman Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Van Horn, Gertrude, Station C, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Vaudreuill, Alida, 339 S. Broadway, Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Veatch, Abbie, 329 Line St., Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Vesey, David S., 204 Bass Block, Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Voigtsberger, Lieut. Monroe E., 4014 Illinois Av., N. W. Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wade, Gardner F., Ridgewood, N. J. 
 
 Waldhorn, Lillian M., 323 Oneida St., Fulton, N. Y. 
 
 Walker, Clara C, De Beque, Colo. 
 
 Walker, Nellie, Hampton, Iowa. 
 
 Walli, Emile, 63 Tenafly Rd., Englewood, N. J. 
 
 Walsh, Martin J., 356 Brunswick Av., Trenton, N. J. 
 
 Warren, Guy E., c/o E. L. Welch Grain Co., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Watts, James C, Parnassus, Pa. 
 
 Webber, Hazel (Mrs.), Mount Clemens, Mich. 
 
 Webber, Lieut. J. W., 700 Harrison Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Webster, Zuella, Beltrami, Minn. 
 
 Weigel, Abbie E., 1461 N. Fair Oaks Av., Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 Weikert, G. V., The Woodward Apts., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Weiler, Mollie M., Dorchester, Mass. 
 
 Welles, Geo. W., 2222 E. 1st St., Duluth, Minn. 
 
216 "As You Were" 
 
 Wells, Charlotte M., Tipton, Ind. 
 
 Wenke, Pvt. Geo. C, 27 Niles St., Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 Westerfield, Rosa, Lebanon, Mo. 
 
 Wetzel, Isabelle, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Wetzel, Laura, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Wheeler, Alice (Mrs.), Boston, Mass. 
 
 Wheeler, Ozelle, Woodstock, Ga. 
 
 White, Jane, 1030 W. Colfax Av., So. Bend, Ind. 
 
 White, Stella M., Utica, Miss. 
 
 Wilder, Nettie C, 625 Rock Creek Church Rd., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wildman, Robt. C, 24 K St., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wiley, Catherine D., Milton, N. H. 
 
 Williams, Capt. J. G., 98 Beech Knoll Rd., Forest Hills, Long Island, N. Y. 
 
 Williamson, Maude B. (Mrs.), Lockport, N. Y. 
 
 Wilson, James, 3d, 2830 C St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Wilson, Sgt. Samuel B., News Ferry, Va. 
 
 Windsor, Vern V., Jenks, Okla. 
 
 Wisooker, Pearl, 915— 8th St., S. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Witherspoon, Samuel, 128 High St., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Wolfenbarger, Floy, Perry, Mo. 
 
 Wood, Agnes R., Saratoga, Cal. 
 
 Wood, Ella (Mrs.), No. 5 R. I. Av., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wray, Viola, 145 Tennessee Av., N. E., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wright, Capt. Hugh, 1756 Waverly PL, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Wright, Aubrey, 1239 Union St., S. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Yaffey, Selma E., 21 13 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, Md. 
 Yeoman, Sgt. Fred M., Sodus, N. Y. 
 Young, Joseph, 22a O St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Young, Capt. W. G., 631 W. 207th St., New York City. 
 
 Zeigen, Cecilia, 1 Maple St., Takoma Pk., Washington, D. C. 
 Zimmerman, Albert, 27 W. Main St., New Britain, Conn. 
 Zoller, Abram, 533 Garden St., Little Falls, N. Y. 
 Zuver, Capt. H. E., 609 W. 107th St., New York City. 
 
The End 
 
H65 89 i'ifl 
 

 
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