Thomas E, Hill HILL'S REFERENCE GUIDE FOR LAND SEEKERS, TRAVELERS, SCHOOLS, TOURISTS, EMIGRANTS AND GENERAL READERS Including Description and Outline Maps, with New Method of Quick- Finding Location, in Each State of any City or Village of 200 Population and More AN ORIGINAL BOOK Containing History of Each State, Climate, Irrigated Regions, Opportunities for New Settlers, Shape and Position of all Counties WITH LOCATION AND 1910 POPULATION OF 23,664 CITIES AND VILLAGES OF THE UNITED STATES MAPS OF STATES PREPARED, COUNTIES NUMBERED AND ALL STATES DESCRIBED By THOMAS E. HILL M Author of "Hill's Manual of Social and Business Forms, and Other Reference Works CHICAGO HILL STANDARD BOOK COMPANY 1912 L' A. International Copyright, 1012, Foreign Countries, bt Thomas E. Hill. ALL rights reserved. Copyright, 1912, by Thomas E. Hill. Copyright, 1908, by Thomas E. Hill. Copyright, 1907, by Thomas E. Hill. THE GENERAL INDEX Of this Work is soen in tlio upper left corner of pages containing names, alphabetically arranged, of forty-eight states. Although this book contains several hundred thousand words, the type display, in description of each state, permits finding the subject mentioned very quickly. THIS BOOK IS SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION. Parties Wishing to Buy This Publication Will Please Ad- dress the Publishers and an Agent Will Call Upon Them. Agents Wanted and Exclusive Ttrritory AssUjned. CHICAGO, 1012. HILL S'SANDARD BOOK COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, OflSce : 527 Plymouth Court, Chicago, 111. ^CI.A305958 PREFACE Processes Employed in Gathering: Materials, Writing, Arranging, Manufacturing and Publishing This Book. "Back to the Land." Easy to say but diffi- cult to perforin when there is no available land. How to make the land a reality, how to get there and how to come into the possession of a sufficiency of it to give the family a support are questions that millions of people want answered. Pertaining to the getting of a farm are numerous conditions, which relate to location, price, terms of purchase, climate, rainfall, fer- tility of soil, liability to drouth, extremes of heat and cold, annual number of growing days, popu- lation of neighboring market towns, cost of ship- ping farm i^roduets, etc. F'or the purpose of explaining these many con- ditions this book is prepared. It is intended to give an honest, impartial description concern- ing opportunities for new settlers in every region of the United States, from the long sunshine summer days of Alaska to the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, from the hills and valley farms of New England to tlie verdant plains, the lowlands and the uplands of the Pacific Coast. These descriptions are not colored in the in- terest of certain lands for sale. They are a truthful exposition of conditions which the land- seeker will find upon investigation. As a Guide, as an independent, disinterested work of reference, examination will reveal how large has been the task we have attempted to perjform. Por our purpose we have sought every means to do this work justice. Maps, descrip- tions, government surveys, cyclopedias, agricul- tural reports, public documents and statistics have been ours to investigate. Travel, personal observation and experiment have been ours to study The result is this large subject condensed into this compact vohune, small enough for the tourist and traveler to carr.y, printed in a type small enough to give a great amount of descrip- tion, yet so displayed as to be easy to study as a work of reference. A long period of time has been necessary in the preparation of this volume, to have it con- tain all that is necessary, to have it reliable, and so arranged that the reader can quickly find the information which is desired. To aid this work the 2,770 counties in the United States have been brought into use and in them the many thousand villages and cities of the country have been placed. While this does not always locate the town as closely as if the name was on the map, it gives the general idea of location in the region and state, and permits the finding, in a few seconds, the general situation of several thousand towns more than could possibly be given, even in the finest type, if names Mere printed on the map. This arrangement, which is entirely new and original with the author, enables us to give popu- lations of all towns d^wn to small villages of 200 people, the shape, situation and population of all counties, each state and its bordering states be- ing so clearly defined, plainly lettered and marked as to give the student a general knowl- edge of the main features of every state. This book does not pretend to compete with fine books on geography. No effort has been made here to show situation of lakes, direction of rivers, location of mountains, bays or islands. We rest content in the endeavor to give general understanding of location, populations, and such description as will aid people who seek new loca- tion for residence, employment and business op- portunities. The expectation is that what we give will so stimulate desire to know further as to lead to a more extended study of the best maps, and create more and more demand for works upon geography. In the preparation of this work we acknowl- edge indebtedness to the Chicago Government Eeclamation Bureau for statistics and literature on irrigated lands, to the superior Band & Mc- Nally nraps, to the very complete Cram 's Atlas of the World, the Geographical Publishing Com- pany of Chicago, and to the Sixth Division of tin railway mail service located in Chicago. This latter institution has rendered us very important assistance in finding location and shape of every new county which has come into existence in the past few years. In passing we call attention to the intricate and difficult work performed by the engravers, Messrs. Ottman & Bliss, in outlining the shape and numbering of all counties in the United States, whereby we are enabled to give popula- tions and locations of all towns down to quite small villages. To these engravers we are also under obliga- tion for the superior lettering surrounding the maps, the showing of all bordering states so plainly their boundaries may be perfectly under- stood, and all this in shape such that the reader does not have to turn the map around or side- ways to see all its parts distinctly. Following came the reproduction of all maps and drawings into solid plates of zinc by the Service Engraving Company, suitable, in connec- tion with type, to print from. The reader will observe also that, while a great amount of matter is contained upon each page, the type and figures are all so bold and clear, accompanied by handsomely displayed headings, as to make every page an interesting study. For this mechanical and artistic typo- graphical arrangement we are indebted to the Peterson Linotype Company, the putting of all the pages into permanent book plate form for subsequent printing being done by the Illinois Electrotyping Company, while the portrait of the author on copper is executed by the Columbian Engraving Company. Added to all this mechanical and artistic labor come the printing and binding of this new pub- lication by the Began Printing House, the com- plete work, including several hundred thousand Mords, being exclusively a Chicago production. 3 INDEX For Description of Any One of the Forty-eight States and Territory of Alasl^a, See General Index of States. General Index of States Pages Alabama 10-13 *Alaska 14-15 Arizona 16-19 Arkansas 20-23 California 24-27 Colorado 28-31 Connecticut 32-35 Delaware 36-37 Florida 40-43 Georgia 44-47 Idaho 48-49 Illinois 50-55 Indiana 56-59 ♦Though Alaska is a Guide. Pages Iowa . . .60-63 Kansas 82-85 Kentucky 86-89 Louisiana . . , 90-93 Maine 94-97 Maryland 98-99 Massachusetts ...104-105 Michigan 106-109 Minnesota 110-113 Mississippi 114-117 Missouri 118-119 Montana 122-125 Pages Nebraska 126-129 Nevada 130-131 New Hampshiie .132-133 New Jersey 134-137 New Mexico ,138-139 New York 140-147 North Carolina. . .148-151 North Dakota 152-155 Ohio 156-161 Oregon 166-169 Oklahoma ....... 162-163 Pennsylvania ....170-177 Pages Rhode Island 178-179 South Carolina. . 180-183 South Dakota 184-187 Tennessee 188-191 Texas 192-199 Utah 200-203 Vermont 204-207 Virginia 208-211 Washington 212-215 West Virginia ...216-219 Wisconsin 220-223 Wyoming 224-227 territory, it is placed among States in this index tor quick finding location in this FOR ILLUSTRATION OF NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT And Brief Mention of 120 Points cf Interest Located Thereon, See Pages C>, 7, 8 and 9 TO «ET INFORMATION About Irrigation, Renovation of >Vorn-out Land, Statistics of States, Etc., See Alphabetically Arranged Index Government Irrigation Projects in the United States. .\niouut of Land Redainied, Feet of Water Supplied, Cost per Acre of .Annual Maintenance, Crops Produced, I'rice of Land, Near-by Market Towns, Etc. Pages Arizona Salt River Project 67 Arizona-Calil'ornia Yuma Project 68 Calitornia Orland Project 68 Colorado Grand Valley Project 69 Colorado I'ncompahgre Valley Project 69 Idaho Minidoka Project 70 Idaho Boise Project 70 Kansas Garden City Project 71 Montana Blackfeet Project 71 Montana Huntley Project 72 Milk River Project 72 Sun River Project 73 North Dakota Lower Yellowstone Montana Montana Montana Project Pages Nebraska- Wyoming North Platte Project 74 Nevada Truckee-Carson Project , 74 New Mexico Carlsbad Project 7a New Mexico Hindo Project 75 New Mexico-Texas Rio Grande Project 75 North Dakota Pumping Projects 76 Ore'_;on Umatilla Project , 76 Oregon-California Klamath Project , 77 South Dakota Belle Fourche Project 7.S Utah Strawberry Valley Project; Washington Okanogan Project 7'.t Washington Yakima Project 7!l Wyoming Shoshone Project 80 Alphabetically Arranged Index A Pages A.lniitted to Union, What Year -'i'' C Capital of Each State 235 Continents of the World 4 D Distances from City to City 38 District of Columbia O'.i G Government Land Offices, Where Located 67 Government Liberality in Irrigation 6(; Governors' Terms of Office 23.") H Hay. Cost Small Quantities 233 Horses, Weights, Different Breeds .233 I Irrigation Projects by Government; map 64 Irrigated Land, Benefits of 65 L Legislatures. Length of Sessions ,.... P Plants, Number to an Acre., 233 Population, Percentage; Increase 20 Years 234 Population, Total United States 234 Population, Each State, United States 235 Poultry, Facts About , 232 R Renovation of Worn-out Land. , 228 S Seeds, Length of Vitality 232 Settlement of States, Years 235 Settlement on Irrigated Land; Conditions 81 Seed, Quantity to Plant an Acre ,...233 W World as It Floats in Space 5 The World and Its Divisions of Land and Water THE EARTH AS IT ArPEAKS IN SPACE Showing Earth. Sun. Moon, a Comet and various Planets as they revolve in the immensity ot sp Admitting the theory that the earth, in its interior, is filled with liquid fire which finds vent, from time to time, in volcanic eruption, it is easy to understand how, in the remote past continents may have been thrown up. the moisture on the earth's surface settling into the hollows, thus making the oceans, seas and lakes. . MAP or THE PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS OF THE EARTH Displaying the central situation of the T'nitecl States in rflation to other countries of the world. Relief Map Showing Mountains, Oceans, Lakes, Rivers and Plains HAKVEST TIME IN DIl - I'EKENX TAKTS OI THE WORLD. In January the wheat is harvested in Australia, New Zealand. Chile and the Argentine Republic. In February and Marrh thr' harvest has e.xtendeil in'o upper Kgypt and India. In April it is in lower Egypt, India, Persia, Syria, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Mexico and Cuba. In May it reaches per- fection in Algeria, Cen- tral Asia, Cliina, Japan, Morocco and Texas. In June it has reached into Oregon, California, A 1 a b a m a, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Kentuclcy, Tennessee, Kansas, Arkansas, Colo- rado, Utah, Missouri, Turkey, • Greece, Italy, Si)ain, Portugal and tlie South of France. In July it has extended into New Zealand, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illi- nois. Iowa, M^isconsin, Southern Minnesota, Ne- l)raska. Upper Canada, Roumania, Bulgaria, Aus- tria, Hungary, South of Russia, Germany, Switz- erland and the South of Iilngland. In August the harvest is actively going forward in Central and Northern Minnesota^ Dakota, Mani- toba, Lower Canada, Co- lumbia, Belgium, Holland, Great Britain, Denmark, Poland and Central Rus- sia. In September and Oc- tober it has readied up into Scotland, Norway, Sweden and the North of Russia. In Xoveniber it is pro- ceding in Peru antl South Africa, and in December it is in Burmah. FOREIGN CITIES, DIS- TANCES FROM CHICAGO. Miles. Amsterdam, Hoi land. 4,897 Antwerp, Belgium . .4,912 Athens, Gi'eece 6,5C7 Berlin, Germany 5,141 Bremen, Germany. . .5,147 Brindisi, Italy 6,117 Brussels. Belgium .. .4,887 Christian ia, Norway. 5,563 Con'nople, Turl 13 Cullman. .28,331 14 Blount. .21,4,56 15 Etowah. .39,109 16 Cherokee. .20,226 17 Lamar. .17,487 18 Fayette. .16,248 19 Walker. .37,013 20 .Jefferson. 226,476 21 Saint Clair . .20,71.5 22 Calhoun. .39.115 23 Cleburne. .13,385 24 Pickens. .25,055 25.... Tuscaloosa. .47,559 26 .Shelby. .26,949 27 Talladega. .37.921 28 Clay.. 21,006 29 Randolph. .24.659 30 Sumter. .28.699 31 Greene. .22.717 32 Hale.. 39.1 15 33 Bibb.. 22. 797 34 Perry. .31,222 35 Chilton. .23,187 36 Coosa. .16,624 37.... Tallapoosa. .31,034 38 Chambers. .36,056 39 Choctaw. .18,483 40 Marengo. .39.923 41 Dallas. ..58.401 42 Autauga. .20.038 43 Elmore. .28.245 44 Lee.. 22.867 45... Washington .. 14.454 46 Clarke. .30.987 47 Wilcox. .33.810 48 Lowndes. .31.894 49.. Montgomery . .82,178 50 Macon. .26,049 51 Bullock. ..30,196 52 Russell. .25,937 53 Monroe. .27,155 54 Conecuh. .24.433 55 Butler. .29,030 56 Crenshaw. .23,313 57 Pike.. 30,815 58 Barbour. .32,148 59 Mobile. .80,8.54 60 Baldwin. .18,178 61 , Escambia . . 18,889 63 Covington. .32,124 63 Coffee. .26,119 64 Dale. .21,873 65 Henry. .20.943 66 Geneva. .26,2.30 67 Houston. .32,414 Total 2,138,093 23 J- Q ; 10 .. 12 1 13 M^7 ' 18'' 13 /tl,~^^T21 ^'22 ^ ^, 1^24 I 25 ,oX.y'26 -^7.-^28 '29 ic:.- ^m l31 /32^u .^J 35N38 !37 ; 38 j^39 y n^ N r48 , ^» i ,;i I-. 63 ;64 ' 62 (^: ALABAMA TOWNS WITH 1910 POPULATION Loca. Pop. .65. .33. Abbeville . . Abercrombie Abernant 25. Acton 26. Adamsville ...20. Adgar 20. Alabama City. 15. Alameda 46. Albertville 9. Aldrich 26. Alexander City. 37. Aliceville 24. -Alien ton 47 . Alton 20. Altoona 15. Andalusia 62. Andersonville . . 1 . Anniston 22 . Ariton 64. Arkadelphia ..13. Ashford 67 . Ashland 28. ..1,141 . . . 350 . . . 300 . .1,500 . . . 649 ..1,271 . .4,313 . . . 218 . .1,544 . . . 451 . .1,710 . . . 647 . . . 208 . . . 200 . .1,071 . .2,480 . . . 226 .13.794 . . . 431 . . . 207 . . . 479 . .1,063 Towns Loca. Pop. Ashville 21 Athens Atmore . . . Attalla ... Aubrey . . . Auburn ... Austinville Autaugaville Avondale .. 61. 15. 20. 44. 42. . 20. Bangor Banks .14. 57. Barlow Bend.. 46., Battelle 10. Bay Minette. . .60. Bear Creek ....11., Beatrice 53. , Belcher 58. Bellamv 30. Belle Ellen .33. Bell wood 66. . . 278 .1,715 .1,060 .2,513 . . 318 .1.408 . . 671 . . 313 .4,015 . . 208 . . 307 . . 217 .1.614 . . 749 . . 614 . . 349 . . 211 . . 514 . . 418 . . 201 Tninis Lord. Pdii. Benton Berry , Bessemer . . Baxar , Billingsley . Birmingham Black HIaden Sprin Blocton Blossburg . . Blount Sprin Blountsville Blowhorn . . Bluffton ... Boaz Boligee Boiling .... Ron Air ..., Bon Secour , Biraehead Brantley . . . , Brewton . . . Bridgeport . . ..48. . ..18. . . .30. . . .11. .. .42. ..30. . . . 66 . .gs.39. . . . 33 . . . . 20 gs. 14 . . . .14. . . .14. . ..16. 9. . ..31. . .60 ..33 ..56 .61 . ..4 ... 644 ... 372 .10.864 ... 384 . . . 2.56 132.685 ... 485 . . . 425 . .2,500 ..1,518 . . . 371 . . . 314 ... 287 . . . 318 . .1,010 . . . 200 . . . 351 . . . 378 . . . .355 ... 257 ... 803 . .2,185 ..2,115 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. Alabama Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Lora. Pop. Brierfield . Brighton Brempton . Brooklyn . Brookside Brookwood Browns . . . Brundidge Buena Vist Burnsvillt" Butler . . . . faddo .... ("ahala .... Calumet . . Camden t'amphill Capitol Hei§ Carbon Hill Cardiff . . . Carroll ton Castlebury • 'atherine . Center .... Centerville Central Mills Chambers . . < "hatham Chelsea .... chepultepec choccolocco I'hunchula Citronelle . Clanton . . . Clayton . .. Clio Coalburg Coal City.. Coal Creek Coaling . . . Coal Valley Cochrane ". Cod en .... Coffee Sprin Coiiinsville Columbia . <"o]umbiana Comer Cordova Corona I 'ottondale Cottonwood Courtland . Covington . Crawford . Crossville . Cuba Cullman . . Curio Station Curtistown . . ..33. . .20. ..21. ..54. . .20. ..25. ..41. ..57. ..53. ..41. ..39. .41. .19. .47. .37. 1.49. .19. .20. .24. .54. .47. .16. 38. .41. .49. .45. .26. .14. .59'. .59. .35. .58. .38. .20. .21. .20. . 2.5 . .19. .24. .59. .66. .10. .67. .26. .58. .65. ..7. .20. .10. .30. .13. .13. .15. D Dadeville 37. Daleva 67. Daleville 64. IJaphne 63. Dayton 40. Decatur 8. Deer Crek 19. Demapolis ... .41. Di.xons Mills. . .4't. DoIoiTiite 20. Dora 19. Dothan 67. Double Springs.12. Dozier rn. Duncanvllle . . .25. Dunn 20. E Eastabo.ga ... .27. E. Birmingham. East I>ake East Tallassee. East Thomas. . F^lectric Edwardsville . . Effie . . . Elarnville Elba . . . .2,081 .1,502 . . 251 . . 358 . . 623 .1,550 . . 200 . . 815 . . 208 . . 208 . . 351 . 300 . . 214 . . 355 . . 648 . . 896 , . 403 .1,627 . . 426 . . 444 . . 225 . . 208 . . 730 . . 208 . . 250 . . 218 . . 413 . . 212 . . 250 . . 214 . . 935 .1,123 .1,130 . . 580 . . 250 . . 685 . . 381 . . 250 . . 410 . . 209 . . 250 . . 503 . . 673 .1,123 .1,079 . . 300 .1,741 .1,571 . . 581 . . 578 . . 478 . . 515 . . 218 . . 250 . . 650 .2,130 . . 300 . . 200 .1,193 . . 218 . . 520 . . 718 . . 382 .4,328 . . 279 .3,417 . . 210 .1,018 . . 916 .7,016 . . 205 . . 288 . . 249 .1,018 Elmore . . Elvira . . . Elyton Enon . . . . Ensley ... Enterprise Epes .26. .20. ,51. .20. .63. .30. . 298 . 531 4,108 2,020 1,500 . 315 . 393 . 307 . 200 1,179 . 317 .251 1,126 . 317 9.1.55 2,322 . 374 Towns Loca. Pop, Equality . Eufaula Eumora Eutaw . . . Evergreen Ezra Fairhope . . Fairview . . Falkville . Faunsdale Fayette . . . Finchburg Fisk Fitzpatrick Five Points Flat Creek. Flomaton . Florala Florence . . Foley Forest Home Fort Davis Fort Deposi Fort Payne Fredonia . . Fruitdale . Fruithurst Fulton .36. . .58. . .66. . .31 . . .54.. .20. . 200 4,250 . 321 1,001 1,582 . 250 .60. . .8. .18. .40. .18. ..53. . .3. .51. .38. .40. .61. . .1. .60. . . 50 . .48. .10. .38. , . 45 . , .23. .46. G Gadsden . . Gainesville Gallion Gantt Gantts Quai Garden City Garland . Gate City Gaylesville Geneva . . Georgiana Girard . . . Glass .... Glen Carbon Glencoe . . . Glendale . . Glenville . . Glenwood Good Wate Gordo .... Gordon . . . Goshen Graces .... Graham Granger Grasselli . . Graysville Greeley . . . Greon Pond *Greensboro *Greenville *Grove Hill Guin *Guntersville Gurley Gurnee .... 15. . .30. , . 32 . .62. .'.27. .13. . . .55 . . 20 . .16. .66. ..55. .53. .38. .26. .15. .69. .52. .56. .36. .34. .67. .57. .30. .29. .67. . 20 . .20. . 25. .33. .32. ..55. .46. .11 . ..9. . .3. .36. H Hackleburg . . Haleyville ♦Hamilton Hanceville Hardaway Hargrove Hartford . Hai-tsells Hatchechubbec. *Hayneville . . . Headland . . . . •Heflin Helena Henryellen . . . . Herbert Hi.ghnote Hillsboro Hobs Island . . . Hobson Citv . . Holes Bluff . . . Hollins Hollywood . . . . Holt Houston Hull *Huntsvine . . , Hurtsboro . . . . . . 590 . . 337 . . 335 . . 352 . . 636 . . 200 . . 311 . . . 398 . . . 200 ...217 . . . 539 . .2,439 . . 6,689 , . . 218 . . 341 . . . 200 . . . 893 .1,317 . . . 250 ...278 . . . 257 . . . 518 .10,557 . . . 532 . . . 208 . . . 321 . . . 314 . . . 200 , . . 250 . . . 700 . . . 204 . . . 969 . . . 969 ..4,214 . . . 200 . . . 200 . . . 500 . . . 600 . . . 382 . . . 336 . . . 740 . . . 707 . .. 293 . . . 347 . . . 500 . . . 284 . . . 316 . .1,000 . . . 428 . . . 300 , . . 250 , .2,048 . .3,377 , . . 314 , . . 356 .1,145 . . 7.50 . . 200 . . 386 .1,111 . . 433 . . 464 . . 300 . . 350 .1,159 .1,374 . . 2.50 . . 400 .1,090 . . 839 . . 400 . . 459 . . 300 . . 300 . . 304 . . 212 . . 344 . . 312 . . 688 . . 234 . . 584 . . 200 . . 372 , .7.611 . . 764 I'op. Iverness . . . Ireland Hill Irnnaton . . . Irondale . . . Isom Jackson Jacksons Gap. Jacksonville James ♦Jasper Jefferson . . . . Jemison Jernigan . . . . , Johns Jonesboro ... Jones Mills. . . .46. .37. 23. .51. .19. .40. .35. .53. .30. .30. .53. Kellyton Kennedy Kimberly Kinsey *L.afayette . . Lagarde . . . . Lahusage . . . Lamison . . . . Landersville Lanett Langdale . . . I^angston Lanier Lapine Larkinsville . Lawrenceville Leeds Lehigh Leighton Letohatchee Lilita Lily Lim Rock. . . Lincoln * Linden . . . . Lineville ♦Livingston . Loachapoka Lockhart Longview . . . Louisville . . . Lower Peach Tree Lowndesboro Luthers Store ♦Luverne .36. .17. .30. .67. . 241 . 225 . 987 .1,379 . . 207 .2,231 . . 434 . 2,509 . . 204 . . 413 . . 500 . . 500 .1,979 . . 443 . 315 . 361 . 800 . 340 .1,632 . . 266 . . 250 . . 250 . . 241 .3,830 . . 584 . . 314 . . 300 .-. 250 . . 316 . . 200 . . 810 . . 300 . . 540 . . 341 . . 213 . . 300 . . 244 . . 3.50 . 1,900 . 1,053 . . 877 . . 357 . . 600 . . 250 . . 483 . . 700 . . 481 . . 2.50 .1,384 M Maben 20 200 McCullum 19 200 McFall 33 820 McGhee 16 250 McKinley 40 314 Madison 3. . . . 426 Magazine 59. . . . 2.50 Magnolia 40. . . . 521 Magnolia Sprgs.60 244 Manchester ...19.... 507 Maplesville . . .35. . . . .511 Marburv 43.... 61 7 Margaret 31. . . . 600 ♦Marion 34... 1,834 Marion June. . .41. . . . 319 Marvel 33 431 Marvvn 52 300 JIathews 49. . . . 200 Maylene 26 3.50 Mavsville 3. . . . 218 Mehama 7 344 Memphis 24. . . . 200 Midland Citv. .64 .5.39 Midway 51 464 Millport 17. . . . 529 Minter 59. . . . 318 Mitchell Sta. . .51 296 ♦irobile .59..51,.521 ♦Monroeville ..53.... 616 Montevallo 26. . . . 923 ♦Montgomery .49.. 38, 136 Mooros Bridge. 2.5. ... 311 Morris 20. . . . 299 ♦Moulton 7 354 Mound ville . . . .33. . . . 353 Mountain Creek. 35. . . . 314 Towns Loca. Pop. Mount Andrew. 58 Mount Hope ... 7 Mount Vernon. .59 Mount Willing.48 Mulga 20 Munford 27 Murray 20 N Nanafalia 40. Natural Bridge. 12. Nauvoo Newbern New Brockton. Newburg . . . . New Decatur. New Hope . . . . New Market. . Newsite Newton Newville Nokomis North Birm- ingham . . . . Northport Notasulga O Oakhill . Oakman ♦Oneonta ♦Opelika Opp Orrville . Osceola . Oxford . Oxmonr ♦Ozark . Paint Rock. Palmetto Beach . . . Palos Pan a Patton ♦Pell City.. Perdue Hill. Petrey .... Phoenix Pickensville Piedmont . . Pinckard Pine Apple. Pine Grove. Pine Hill...^ Pine Level . .' Pinkney Piper Plateau .. . . Pleasant Hil Pleasanton . Pleasant Rid Fletcher ... Pocahontas Point Clear Polev Polard . . . Porter .... Portersville Powderly . Powers Pratt City. ♦Prattvillc Prentice . . .19. .32. .63. . .6. . .8. . .3. . .3. .37. .64. .65. .61. .20. .35. .50. .47. .19. .14 .44. . 63 . .41. .16. . . 33 . .64. . 307 . 300 . 800 . 231 . 409 . 400 1,000 . . 600 . . 214 . . 392 . . 515 . . 328 . . 250 .6,118 . . 301 . . 300 . . 300 . . 524 . . 522 . . 209 .2,000 . . 500 . . 513 . 341 1,065 . 609 4,734 . 863 . 355 . 270 1,090 . 501 2,229 534 ..60. . .30. . .15. ..19. . .21. ..53. . .56. . .44. . . 24 . . .23. . .64. . .47. . .51. . .47. . .49. . .31. .33. . .59. . .41. . .16. ;e.31. . .66. 19. . .60. . . 63 . . .61 . . . 30 . . .10. . . 30 . . . 33 . . . 30 . . .42. . .40. ; . 325 . . 384 . . 251 . . 309 . . 530 . . 283 . . 214 . 4,5.55 . . 214 .2,226 . . 541 . . 637 . . 374 . . 470 . . 250 . . 358 . . 500 . . 209 . . 506 . . 261 . . 350 . . 284 . . 300 . . 431 . . 317 . . 599 . . 226 . . 218 . . 341 . . 2.50 .3,485 .2,323 . . 384 R Ragland 31 483 Ramer 49 . . . . 314 Ramsey 30. . . . .309 Randolph 33. . . . 350 Red Bay 6. . . . 473 Red Level 63 317 Reform 24. . . . 550 Repton 54. . . . 331 Republic 30 350 Richmond . . . .41 .... 383 Riderville 35 500 Riley .53 300 River Falls. .. .63. ... 760 River Ridge. . .53 300 Riverside 31 ... . 377 River View. . . .38. . . . 200 Roanoke 39... 3,034 Robertsdale ..60.... 340 ♦Rockford 36.... 600 Rock Mills 29 349 Rock Run 16 360 11 Alabama Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Rock wood 6. Round Mountain . . .16. Rue 25. Kuasell 59. *Russellville . . .6. Rutledge 56. Saco Saginaw Saint Florian. Salem Samson Sandusky .... Sandy Ridge.. Sanford Saraland Sayre Sayreton ♦Scotsboro . . . Scott Station . Scyrene Scale Searles Section *Selma Seloca Seminole Shady Grove. . Sheffield Shelby Shorter . . 340 ..210 . . 272 . . 308 .2,046 . . 330 . . 230 ...214 . . 450 . . 309 .1,350 . . 491 . . 281 . . 743 .. 360 . . 600 , . . 644 ..1,019 ... 319 . . 303 . . . 313 . . 781 . . . 350 .18,649 . . . 314 . . . 309 . . . 510 ..4,865 . . 7.53 . . 510 Loca. Pop. Silver Hill Sta.60., . .66. . .30. . .33. . .49. ..47. . . .8. Slocomb Sloss Smith Hill Snowdown Snow Hill Somerville Spring Garden. 16 Spring Hill ...59 Springville . . .31 Stafford 34 Stamp 10 Standing Rock. 38 Stanton 35 Stevenson 4 Stewart 33 Stocks Mill . . .16 Stockton 60 Stouts Mountain Suggsville SuUigent Summeffield Sumterville Sycamore Sylacauga *Talladega Tallassee Taylorsville Tecumseh . .27. .43. . .3. .16. , . 360 . . 896 . . 365 . . 432 . . 260 . . 509 . . 265 . 310 . . 200 . . .350 . . 570 . . 260 . . 381 . . 410 . . 574 . . 255 . . 300 . . 943 . . 580 . . 336 . . 619 . . 383 . . 380 . . 560 .1,456 .5,854 .1,347 . . 284 . . 200 Toivns Loca. Pop. Texas Theodore . . Thomas Thomaston Thomasville Thompson Thorsby . . . Tilden Town Creek Townly .... Triana •Troy Trussville •Tuscaloosa •Tuscumbia *Tuskegee . .11. .59. . .30. . .40. . .46. ..51. . .35. . .41. . . .7. ..19. ...3. . .57. . .20. . . 35 . . . . 5 . . .50. •Union Springs.51. Uniontown ....34. Valley Head ..10. Verbena 35. •Vernon 17. Vincent 26. Vinegar Bend. .45. w Wadley . . . Wadsworth . . 29 . ..42. . . 300 . . 300 .1,500 . . 200 .1,181 . . 263 . . 500 . . 224 . . 345 . . 235 . . 200 .4.961 . . 742 .8,407 .3,324 .2,803 .4,055 . 1,836 . 233 . 400 . 423 , . 995 . . 540 . 426 . 224 To tens Loca, Pop, Wallace Warrior Warriorstand Waterloo .... Watkins Watson Wawbeek .... Webb White Plains. . Wedowee .... Weogufka . . . West Blockton Westend •Wetumpka Whistler White Oak Springs .... White Plains. Whitfield .... Wilmer Wilsonville Winfield Woodlawn . . . Woodstock . . . Woodville .... Woodward . . . Wylam 21. 20. 61. «7. 32. 29. 36. 33. 30. .43. .59. .58. 33 iso." .59. .36. .11. .20. .33. . .4. .30. .30. Yellow Pine Yolande York . . .45. .. .35. ...30. . . 204 . . 660 . . 400 . . 435 . . 200 .1,000 . . 200 . . 256 . . 202 . . 435 . . 200 . . 892 .2,500 .1.103 . 2,000 . . 249 . . 202 . . 219 . . 560 . . 933 . . 419 .2,848 . . 590 . . 860 . . 795 . 3,099 . . 506 . 1,040 . . 710 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises. ALABAMA. This state, 330 miles in length by 1.54 iniles in width, traversed by numerous large navigable rivers, which readily carry the products of the state to the great thoroughfares of ocean transportation, offers many inducements to people seeking new and desir- able location for settlement on land. The variety of climate resulting from difference of latitude permits the following of that kind of farm- ing which is satisfactory to agriculturalists and horticulturalists who have had certain experience in cultivating the soil, and to those who have had no agricultural experience, the large diversity of oppor- tunity here for getting a living appeal very strongly to the land seeker. Thus those people who are fond of fruit culture, find climate and soil adapted to their wants in the southern counties bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. SOIL IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA. The southern part of the state has an alluvial soil, light, but highly productive and favorable for rais- ing fruits. Cotton and corn are produced, and there are e.xtensive forests of pine in this region. COTTON AND MINERAL LAND OF ALAB.4MA. Further north, towards the middle of the state, is a prairie region admirably adapted to the raising of cotton. The great mineral section is in the eastern and northeastern part of the state. Here are the iron mines and the coal lands which have contributed so largely to the building up of the iron manufactories in Birmingham and the surrounding country. It requires but a moment of consideration to rea- lize that a combination of iron ore and prolific coal beds, in close vicinity of each other, combined with the rapid development of the South, in railroad building and manufacturing, all tends to the making of numerous large cities and the giving of large nvimbers of people employment. In the western part of the state is a manufacturing district which is well supplied with water power. LUMBER AND VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. In the southern part of the state are forests of cypress, yellow pine and magnolia. Also the fig and pomegranite, olive, apricot and orange trees, grasses, the cereals and corn in the valleys. Cotton is raised in the northern parts of the state. In the southern parts of the state are grown sugar, rice and some indigo. Tobacco is grown to some extent. ALABAMA NORTH AND SOUTH. From a circular entitled "North and South" we gather items of interest concerning different parts of the state. While many people will be attracted to the southern counties of Alabama, to most people the northern part of the state is equally attractive. "North and South" says, speaking of one Of the northernmost counties: "Lauderdale County. Alabama, must be a good county, or Andrew Jackson, 'Old Hickory,' would not have invested in real estate in Florence, as he did in 1818. 'Old Hickory' had traveled over all this Soutliern country, and had the reputation of knowing a grood thing when he saw it, and one of the first things he did after reaching Lauderdale County, Alabama, was to buy some land. In those days the "boom fever' caught the people about as it does now, and Andy was not exempt. "Lauderdale County is in the great 'Middle Belt' half way between the North and South, avoiding both extremes as to heat and cold, and has many other advantages that make it a desirable place tc live. It is seldom a county is found that offers as much as Lauderdale County does, both in agri- cultural and manufacturing advantages. AS A FARMING REGION. ".'Vs a farming section, Lauderdale is all that could be desired. They raise a great diversity of crops and the climate conditions are most favorable. Land can be bought from $10 per acre up, and while a bale of cotton to the acre is always considered a satisfactory yield, and sometimes less, a farmer near Florence, by giving his crop a little extra care, and by the liberal use of fertilizer, produced two bales of cotton to the acre. Cotton culture, however, is of little consequence to the Northern reader, who is as a rule unfamiliar with the inethods of cotton growing, but looks to the growing of corn and wheat as his legitimate calling, for he knows more about the business. A MILDER CLIMATE. "Lauderdale County offers strong inducements to the man that desires to come to a milder climate. 12 Alabama Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises even though he does not wish to farm. The many factories, foundries, etc., in Florence offer the work- ingman something he cannot get in some Northern rities; that is, work every day in the year, if he wants it. A man can live for less, fuel costs him less, and there are plenty of other advantages offered here that are not to be found in the North. ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL CITIES OF THE SOUTH. "Just above the head of the beautiful and broad Mobile Bay lies the city of Mobile, the second in age of all the cities on the Southern coast, as well as the second in size and importance. From her wharfs sail ships to all the ports of the world, loaded with cotton, coal, iron, lumber and naval stores. Mobile was the first capital of the French province, and so remained until 1763, when it be- came a British dependency. A few years later Spain became her master and only reluctantly gave way in 1813 to Ainerican troops sent over from New Orleans. No city in the South has shown greater progress in the past few years. Innumerable large modern buildings have been constructed. No city of like size anywhere in this country has better hotels. The street oar system is exceptionally good, while the inajor portion of this city is well paved with asphalt and brick. Government Street, running from the business center of the city far out into the suburbs, is one of the finest residence streets in the South and has many handsome homes. CLIMATE ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL ATTRAC- TIONS. "The climate is one of its principal attractions — never too cold in winter, rarely damp and with an abundance of warm sunshiny days. Mobile has the distinction of being tlie originator of the carnival street parades and today vies with New Orleans in the beauty and splendor of the Mardi Gras display. "Some of the finest deep and shallow water game Hsliing in the country is to be had in easy reach of Mobile, and the "snapper banks," near the Point, are noted for the immense numbers of finny inhabitants and their delicious flavor, while tarpon, Spanish mackerel, .green trout, pompano and the game, fight- ing redfish are found in limitless quantities, while in the woods, not far distant, wild turkeys and big game abound for the sport of the hunter. The privi- leges of both the yacht and golf clubs are easily ob- tained by visiting tourists. "There are beautiful places to be seen in and about Mobile; no more picturesque drive exists on the gulf coast than the famous shell road, which runs for ten or twelve miles along the crest of the bluffs under a green arbor of odorous magnolias. A GREAT WINTER RESORT. "The eastern shore of Mobile Bay has become as famous a winter resort as it was a summer resort in years gone by. With each returning winter a large number of tourists from the North, East and West visit this section and either rent cottages for the season or stay at one of the numerous hotels or boarding houses. Each day furnishes a round of sport and amusement. Fishing and sailing jiarties are of daily occurrence, while hunting parties go to the interior of Baldwin County after quail and wild turkey. The principal resorts on the eastern shore are Point Clear. Zundels Wharf. Battles Wharf, Montrose, Daphne and Fairhope. .\11 of these points are reached by boat from Mobile. High bluffs follow the coast line nearly the entire length of the eastern shore, giving a magnificent, unobstructed view of the bay. The shore line along the coast is broken by In- numerable bays, rivers and bayous, and down these water courses immense quantities of timbeii find their way to the mills and to ports from which it is exported to the four quarters of the globe. The shipping is protected by the outlying islands and the peninsula of Florida .lutting out as it does into the ocean breaks the severity of the .\tlantic storms, and the immense losses sustained along the Atlantic seaboard and in Southern Florida are hero unknown. The recent devastating West Indian hurricane, which wrought such great damage to the orange groves in Florida, caused scarce a ripple on the waters along the Riviera. THE RIVIERA OF THE GULF COAST. Extending from Mobile westward along the Gulf Coast to New Orleans are many interesting cities, which will be found described in connection with our description of other states. "Tall thriving trees confess'd the fruitful mould; The verdant orange ripens here to gold; Here the blue fig with luscious juice o'erflows. With deepest red the full pomegranate glows; The balmy spirit of the western gale Eternal breathes on fruit untaught to fail. Each dropping pear another pear supplies, On orange oranges, figs on figs arise; The same mild season gives the blooms to blow, The buds to harden, and the fruits to grow." The fame of Europe's Riviera has been sung in song and poesy for many centuries. When the Lon- doner tires of the damp fogs and the Parisian finds the winds along his beloved boulevards too keen, they go to Southern France or Spain or along the historic and beautiful shoi'es of fair Italy or Sicily for health, pleasure and repose. Had the bard who voiced his apprecjaiton of that fair country in the lines quoted at the head of this column been residing in this country he would have found the same inspiration where the waters of Mis- sissippi Sound lovingly embrace the shores of South- ern Alabama and Mississippi. His description of the fair land along the Mediter- ranean fits this section like a lady's glove. Without the spiteful gleam of Vesuvius' treacherous fires: with no fear of earthquakes; no camorrist or black hand fuedists to levy tribute on the honest residents; with all of the charm of the European resort and none of its drawbacks, this surpassingly beautiful Creole Coast can well lay claim to be called the Riviera of .\merica. This coast has not the rugged mountain back- ground of its Old World rival, but it has a restful and entrancing sweetness and beauty all Its own. Endowed with a superlatively glorious climate; peopled by the descendants of those gracious South- ern cavaliers whose names were synonymous with courtly manners and superb hospitality: with a his- tory reaching far back into the romantic centuries of the young republic's birth, across whose stage have stalked ma.jestic Indians, swaggering swash- bucklers, roving adventurers, daring explorers, and even lawless pirates, it is indeed a country worth FOODSTUFFS FOR THE WORLD. Above its towering pines the colors of many na- tions waved before our forefathers, with inspired outlook into the future, secured title to this fair land and unfurled the glorious stars and stripes and bade the foreign nations withdraw their governors and leave this coast in trust for the future rulers of the universe — the American farmers — who must furnish the foodstuffs for the world. For many generations this has been the playground of the South. When the big crops of cotton were finally floated to the market in the antebellum days, the aristocratic planters were wont to foregather here and idle away the winter hours amidst the health-giving pines, fanned by the invigorating salt- laden zephyrs that the grand old ocean tempered by the warmth of the gulf stream and sent to the sun- kissed shores of this delightful land. Here they would sit beneath gigantic oaks, all gar- landed and festooned with wonderful growths of moss that had been gathering for untold ages and listen to -he lisping laughter of the rippling wavelets that seemed but as the pulse-beats of the mighty ocean's great tides, gently caressing the pearly sands. The storm-tossed seas were prevented from dashing against the coast by the chain of islands that the .\rchitect of the Deep has so benignly placed in the gulf a dozen miles from shore to form a natural barrier and protection. THE B.\THING. These islands also serve to tone down the ocean's waves, and no one who has not en.ioyed the pleasure can realize the ecstatic enjoyment to be derived from the sea bathing in the waters along the Gulf Coast The water is shallow, the beach hard. The water is always of a delighftul temperature. There are no big breakers that knock one down and roll them along the beach. No life lines are necessary, under- tows are practicaly unknown and the life savers who are so prominent at the resorts on the Atlantic coast are never seen here. 13 ALASKA The Territory of the Great North, a United States Possession ALASKA Having the Largest River, the Deepest Frozen Ground, the Longest Sunshine Days, the Highest Mountain — A Region of Unknovtrn Possibilities. BORDER LAND OF THE ARCTIC SEA. An Undeveloped Regrion Rich in Precious Metals. Figures Herewith Indicate the following: 1 Dutch Harbor; 2 PribMof Islands; 3 St. 3Iatthew Island; 4 St. Lawrence Island; 5 t ape Prince of ^\ales; 6 Nome; 7 St. Michael; 8 Coal Mines; 9 Point Barrow; 10 Circle- 11 >aldez; 12 Skagway; 13 Muir C.lacier; 14 Juneau; 1.5 Wrangel; 16 Sitkeen District; 17 VVaterwav Seattle- Alaska; 18 Sitka; 19 Karluk; 20 Kadiak; 21 Central .Alaska R. R.; 32 Copper River R. R.; 23 Yukon River. POPUL.\TIONS. „., '"?.«' ^.^^•^.£'^"*"?..8^'y.<'s Cape Prince of Wales Settlement, (5), a population of 396; St. Michael, (7), ???.= ^Jr'*"; ^W' '■^"= Eagle, 458; Karluk, (19), 447;Kadiak, (20), 341; Treadwell, (14). 522; Wrangel (15), 868; besides populations we mention elsewhere. Alaska, region first visited by Berins in 1741, Bering- was a Dane who belonged to the Russian navy. In command of a fleet he was sent out by Peter the Great of Russia, to explore the Arctic Sea and Strait, afterwards named for him. .Alaska Territory was purchased from Russia in 1S67 for .$7,200,000. the purcliase being negoliated by Wm. H. Seward, then U. S. Secretary of State. Area of the territory, 577,300 square miles, aggre- gate area of the islands in the territory, 8,194 square miles. Length of territory 1,100 miles, width 800 miles. Length of sea coast estimated at 26,000 miK>s Acres in Alaska surveyed, 7,125; acres unsurveyed, in 1010, are 308,028,975. Capital of the Territory, formerly Sitka; is now .Tuiu-au. Comparative Size. Alaska is two and a half times ns large as Texas. It is eight times as large as all Now England. It has the highest m.3untain, Mt. McKinley, in North America. Mt. McKinley 20,300 ftet It has ihe greatest seal fsherics, gnatest salmon fisheries and largest river — the Yukon. Standing on its bank. 150 miles from its mouth, the opposite bank cannot be seen. It is 20 miles wide 700 miles from its mouth. With its tributaries it is navigable for 2,500 miles. It discharges one-third more water than the Mississippi. Number of reindeer in territory, 8,194. AGRICULTURE AND TILL.4BLE LAND Agriculture is yet in its beginning in Alaska. Aided by greenhouses, which will start plants in the spring, it is probable that horticultural products will become a source of large profit adjoining the cities and villages of the country. The Summer Sun of 90 degrees above, and IS and 22 hours of sunshine, during the day, so warms the soil as to permit the growth of grasses, berries and the ripening of various kinds of vegetables, during the three months from June 15 to September 15. TILLABLE L.\ND IN ALASKA Tillable land, in southern Alaska, is estimated at from 2,500,000 to 3.200,000 acres. In the Yukon dis- trict at 4GO,000 acres. Grasses are the most valuable plant products, in- cluding timothy, Alaska red top, blue grass and or- chard grass. Wild barley and rye flourish. Berries of fine flavor grow abundantlv in the Yu- kon district. 14 Alaskan Facts At Eagle, 110 miles from Dawson, and lying 5 miles in American territory, the gardens produce and mature potatoes, cabbages, caulirtower, lettuce, turnips and radishes. Other vegetables, peas, beans, etc., are also being grown. Barley, oats and flax mature perfectly at Sitka. The number of growing days there is given at 122. At St. Michaels, killing frosts occur from September 2 to 22, giving 106 growing days. Average annual temperature here is 26 above. Summer temperature reaches 77 above and winter .5.5 below. At Eagle, on the Yukon river, ice begins running from May 4 to May 10. The river is clear of ice bji May 19 and closes by October 10. KLONDIKE TOWN— I>.\RGE PERMANENT IM- PROVEMENTS Dawson has a permanent resident population of about 7,000. a school house costing $40,000, public buildings which cost $2,50,000, and two daily news- papers. DISTANCES GOING TO ALASKA In going to Nome by water, across the Pacific ocean, the route leads from Seattle to Dutch Harbor, OMe of the Allution Islands. Distance from Seattle to Dutch Harbor. 2.100 miles; time 8 days. From Dutch Harbor to Nome, 800 miles; time, 3 days. Fast boats may go in less time. From Seattle to .Skagway. by water, 1.000 miles; time. 4 daj-s. From Skagway to White Horse, by rail, 112 miles; time, 10 hours. FroiTi White Horse to Dawson, by Lewes and Yukon rivers, 4.50 miles; time, 2 days. From White Horse to Dawson, in winter, passen- gers are conveyed by sleighs. Each sleigh will carry nine passengers. Frequent road houses occur on the way. From Dawson to Eagle, 110 miles. Froni Eagle to U. S. line, 5 miles. From Seattle to St. Michaels, by way of Dawson, 2.!t.SS miles. Nome is 120 miles from Cape Prince of Wales. It is pro- posed to tunnel under Bering Strait froin Cape Prince (if Wales to Russian territory, a distance of about 50 miles, the tunnel to an island midway in the strait being about 25 miles in length. Owing to a strong current always flowing north- ward the strait is never, or seldom ever, frozen over in the winter. The depth of water here averages from 120 to ISO feet. Expense of going to .-Maska from Seattle to Nome, via Pacific Ocean, is from .$30 to $125. Freight costs from $7 to $22 per ton. Passenger fare from Seattle to Dawson, by way of Skagv.-ay, $.S0. Returning from Dawson to Seattle, by -way of Skagway, $100. The journey up the river from Dawson to White Horse requires more time and is more expensive than in going down. One of the leading transportation companies charges $250 for passage to Nome via Skagway, White Horse and St. Michaels, returning to Seattle, the place of starting, by boat, via Dutch Harbor. Gold. The annual output of gold in the territory is from $6,000,000 to $7,500,000, two thiras of which has latterly come from Nome. FACTS ABOUT AL.4SKA GOLD Klondike gold varies in size and appearance from particles of Indian meal up to grains of rice. For purpose of transportation it is melted and run into oblong form about the size of ordinary building brick. Ice. As ice breaks up in Bering Sea about June 15 and close interior Alaskan ports about October 10, it is seen that freight for this point must be received and removed within a period of a little over three months. DEPTH OF GROUND NOT FROZEN With summer days, filled with warm sunshine from 18 to 22 hours, each 24 hours, the ground thaws to a depth of about two feet from the surface. From that depth downward, a depth of 95 feet, the earth is frozen solid. Ico closes navigation on the Yukon river by Oc- tober 10. and continues usually until May 20, of the next year. Juneau, named from Joseph Juneau, a mining pros- pector, the capital of the territory, is the location of the Alaska Land office, and has a varying popu- lation of about 2,000. Parties desiring to engage in agriculture, mining or to obtain government land in the territory, will address the Land Commissioner at Juneau. In going into the interior of Alaska by the Ska.gway route it is well to stop off for a time at Juneau and gather general Information about the country. Mining: in Alaslia. Up to the present time the most of the gold taken from Alaska has come from the top soil. The Treadwell quartz mine at Juneau is one exception. This mine, which a San Francisco builder named Treadwell, took for a debt of $150 when it was a mere prospect hole, now employs 1,200 workmen and runs 80 stamps. Hundreds of millions in gold are supposed to be hidden in the rocks of Alaska, and when exploring enterprise opens this wealth to the world, the great influx of population will begin and the area of Alaska's prosperity will commence. U. S. anNLNG REGULATIONS AND BRITISH While the resident of Alaska must be a citizen, or have declared intention to become a citizen, be- fore he can secure a mining claim, British law in the Klondike will permit the miner to obtain a claim without being naturalized. A certain amount of de- velopment work is required, however, or money de- posited each year, to hold a claim. Nome. This town has a resident population in winter of 2,500 and 6,000 additional in the summer. There are in the summer, also, from 12,000 to 15. COO people scattered about on this peninsula where Nome is situated. The inhabitants of this town and vicin- ity get their supply of outside news from two semi- weekly newspapers published in Nome. Nome lias no harbor, and seagoing vessels cannot get within one mile of the coast. If rough water prevails, passengers sometimes have to wait several days before they can be taken ashore by lighters, which come out from Nome to take off passengers and freight. Postal facilities. During the winter period of eight months the mail comes into Nome by dog team from Dawson, and as the mail cannot exceed 400 pounds in weight, no newspapers or magazines from the out- side world can be received within that time. Roads, A determined effort is being made to pro- vide the Yukon district with good roads, the British government assisting in the enterprise. Aided by motor carriages this will greatly assist in opening the country long before the advent of railroads. Hundreds of miles, radiating from Dawson, are to be laid out and improved in the near future. As the fall of snow is light and what falls lies steadily on the ground, people will soon be travers- ing the country with motor sleighs. Routes to Alaska. W^hile Skagway with its pop- ulation of 1,200 is as yet the best entrance into the Yukon country, it is probable that Valdez and Cor- dova, located on Prince Williams Sound, will be- come towns of much importance and two of the main points of entrance to the interior of the coun- try. Valdez has a population of 1.000 and is the point furthest north, having an excellent" harbor which is not closed by ice in the winter. Railroad building has begun from Cordova which is the starting point of the Copper River Line. To test agricultural possibilities thoroughly, the United States government gives the settler 320 acres of land under homestead conditions. AGRICULTUR-AL EXPERI3IENT STATIONS The possibilities of this region in the growing of food stuffs have yet to be more fully tested. Agri- cultural experiment stations have been established at Kanai. Cooks Inlet and at Sitka, and these, with stations which will be started in the interior of the country on the Yukon, will show what can be grown. Climate. Dawson and other points in the interior of Alaska. The thermometer shows summer at 00 above, and winter's cold at 60 and 70 below. The air is still and dry at that temperature and is no inore uncomfortable than when the thermometer shows 20 and 25 in the States. The Japanese current modifies the temperature along the southeastern coast up to Cook's Inlet. At Sitka the temperature ranges from 85 above to 4 below. Barley, oats and flax have matured here and at Ska.gway perfectly. The rainfall along the southern coast is about 100 inches a year. Controller Bay. Is in an extensive region of United States government possession, southwest of Valdez, which has large coal deposits. In order to get out this coal the government has been disposed to sell tracts of land where it lies to capitalists who have the means to mine it. The result is a com- pany has started to build the Copper River railroad which leads to the mines, the town of Cordova, at the terminus of the railroad, containing several hundred people has sprung up. and hope has been expressed that the incoming of capital would tend to the development of Shaska. At this period 1911. the government is being criticised for selling its val- uable coal beds to a private syndicate, it is alleged, to the detriment of others who would like to take out and ship coal to the various towns on the Pacific Coast. The outcome of the controversy will prob- ably be the renting of the coal lands on such favor- able conditions as will induce capital to open the mines and pay a royalty to the government on each ton of coal taken out and shipped away. 15 ARIZONA STATE AND THE 14 COUNTIES OF ARIZONA With Their Boundaries Location and Population of ARIZONA COUNTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. 1910 1. .. .... Mohave. . 3,773 .15,894 3. .. 4. .. 5. . 6.. . . . . Coconino. Navajo. .... Apache. Yuma. . 8,130 .11.491 . 9,196 . 7.733 .34,488 8. . Gila. .16,780 9.. 10.. 11.. 12. . . 13. . 14. . Pinal. Graham. . . . Greenlee. Pima. ..Santa Cruz. .... Cochise. Total . 9,045 .23,547 .2'2",8i8 . 6,766 .34,591 204,354 CITIES AND VII.I..\GES OF ARIZONA. Having: Population of 100 and Over in 1910. Tdirns Loca. Pop. A Agua 7 100 Alhambra 7 200 Arivaca 12 100 Arlington 7 100 Ashforlt 2 150 B Bellevue 8 100 Benson 14 909 Bisbee 14. . .9,019 Blackwater ....9 250 Bowie 14 214 Bronnell 12 231 Bryce 10 271 Buchan 7 445 C Camp Verilp . . .2 381 Canille 13 337 Casa Blanca ...9... 1,284 Casa Grande ...9.... 334 Cave Creek . . . .7. . .. 114 Central 10. . .. 345 Cerro Colorado 12.... 219 Chiracahua. . . 14... 203 Chloride 1 . . . . 465 Christmas 8. . .. 223 ♦Clifton 11... 4,874 Cochran 9 117 Columbia 2. ... 124 Combabi 12 251 Concho 5. . .. 261 Congress 2. . .. 578 Constellation ...2.... 2.56 Copper Creek .10.... 116 Cottonwood . . . .2. . .. 127 Courtland . . . .14. . .. 581 Crowley 8. . .. 157 Crown King ...3.... 211 D Dome 6. . .. 100 Don Luis 14.... 255 Douglas 14. . .6,437 Dudley ville ... .9 100 Duncan 11 . . . 1,281 Duqucsne 13. . . . 156 Eden 10 541 Esculla 12 218 F Fairview 10. . .. 218 ♦Flagstaff 3... 1,613 ♦Florence 9. . .. 807 Fort .\pachc ...4.... 255 Fort Huachuca 14.... 421 Fort Thomas ..10.... 151 p^ortuna 6. . .. 605 Franklin 11. . .. 100 G Gila Bend 7 210 Glendale 7. . .. 357 ♦Globe 8... 7,087 Groom Creek . . .2 317 Arizona Towns with 1910 Populations Having: 100 People and More. Loca. Pop. H Hackberry 1 . Hamburg 14. Harshaw 13 . Havden 8. ♦Holbrook 4. Hubbard 10. J Jerome 3. Jerome Junction 2. K .. 118 , . 157 .. 100 .. 417 .. 431 ., 112 .2,393 .. 100 Kelvin 9 .. 115 ♦Kingman . .1. .1,000 I. Lehi ..7. .. 331 Liberty ..7. .. 157 Lowell .14. .2,500 M McCabe ..2. .. 314 Mammoth . .9. .. 473 Matthews . . . . .10. .. 218 Matthewsville .10. . . 234 Maxton ..2. .. 207 Mesa ..7. .1.692 Metcalf .11. .2,511 Miami ..8. .. 741 Middlemarch .14. .. 100 Mohave City . .1. .. 182 Morenci .11. .5,010 Mowry .. 531 Towns Loca. Pop. N Naco 14. ♦Nogales 13. O Octave 2 . Owens 1 . P Paradise 14. Parker 6. Pearce 14. ♦Phoenix 7. Pima 12. Pine 8. Pinedale Pinetop 4. Pirtleville 14. ♦Preecott 3 . Q Quartzsite 6. R Rice 8. Roosevelt 8. Rosemont 12. S Sacaton Safford Saint David . ♦Saint Johns. San Carlos . . Santa Cruz . . .. 231 .3,515 500 118 ... 117 .. 410 , .. 718 ,11,143 , .. 571 .. 100 .. 116 .1,520 .. 592 . .9. .10. .14. . .5. . .8. .13. .. 318 . . 385 .. 871 .. 175 .. 251 .. 929 .. 574 .1,211 . 3,065 .. 104 Toirns Loca. Pop. Sasco 9. f'how Low 4. Siverbell 12. Snowflake 4. ♦Solomon 10. Springerville ...5. Superior 9. Swansea 6. T Tempe 7. Teviston 14. Thatcher 10. Toltec 9. ♦Tombstone ...14. Toreva Troy Tubac ♦Tucson Twin Buttes . W Walker Warren Wellton Wendon Wickenburg . Wilcox 14. Williams .3. Winkelman ... .8. Winslow 4. Y ♦Yuma 6. 4. , . ..9.. ..13.. . . 12 . . . . 12 . . 14. .6. . .6. 7. , .311 .. 131 .. 714 .. 521 .. 639 .. 511 .. 308 .. 409 .. 473 .. 208 .. 904 .. 109 . 1,583 .. 551 .. 200 .. 318 .. 314 .. 314 .. 153 .. 175 .. 218 .. 160 .. 570 .. 581 .1,267 .. 471 .2,381 .2,914 16 The New State of Arizona. Admitted to the Union in 1911 ARIZONA Large Territory in Southwest Portion of the United States. Inducements Offered to New Settlers in Arizona Arizona, including a State of 113,016 squaip miles. was first visited by Spanish explorers in 1.538. The Gulf of California, thr> Colorado and Gila rivers were discovered in 1542. and two boats ascended the Colo- rado to the Grand Canyon. By treaty with Mexico in 1846 all that portion of the present State north of the Gila river was ceded to the United States. At that time the white popu- lation included but a few hundred in the vicinity of Tucson, there being: no whites in the central and northern parts of the territory. THE GADSEN PURCHASE. In 1854 the Hon. James Gadsen, then minister from the United States to Mexico, negotiated the purchase of the territory Iving between the Gila river and Sonora, Mexico, for .$10,000,000. that addition to the territory being known as the "Gadsen Purchase." This purchase added to the United States 30,000 square miles of territory, an area about the size of South Carolina. At that time the Southern Pacific railroad was in contemplation and was afterwards built on this territory of the Gadsen purchase. The fare of the country in Arizona consists largely of high broad plains, the elevation of more than half of the territory being above 5,000 feet. The principal river, the Colorado, noted for its Grand Canyon, is 2,000 miles in length and navigable 400 miles for boats of light draft. The Gila, another large river of the State, is about 500 miles long, four-fifths of this stream being In Arizona. The Salt, Verde, Black and other rivers empty into the Gila river. Gila Monster. Speaking of Gila reminds us to ex- plain that the "Gila monster." of which we sometimes hear, is simply a large lizard found in the sands of New Mexico, Arizona and Texas, and is harmless so far as human beings are concerned, though its Ijite, which is poisonous, is said to be fatal to small ani- mals. Tlie oliniate is tropical in the southwestern section of the State, temperate in the valley regions and frigid in the mountain districts in the winter season. The air is dry and clear. Rainfall.. The average annual rainfall in the up- per porlion of the State is 16.1 inches. In the south- ern part only about 3 inches. Agriculture here becomes important, therefore, in pi-oportion as artificial waterways are extended. The area of .Arizona farming land includes 1.000,000 acres, of which about 200,000 acres are now under cultiva- tion. With a sufllciency of moisture all the products of the sub-tropics are grown here in abundance. The future of this re,gion in agricvilture, depends upon irrigation, which capital and engineering ability will, in time, supply, and is already supplying, as seen in the Salt river project in Miricopa county, which we describe elsewhere. Much of the general situation in Arizona may be known from the following: ARTZON.\ IN OUTLINE. A Grand Field Rirli in Mining: and Agrrirultiiral Possibilities. Not only are there thousands of square miles of mineral lands in this State yet unexplored but in no part of the world are there to be found a greater number of natural curiosities than are to be seen in this region. Entering: Arizona from the west, on the Santa Fe railroad, the tourist may change cars at Williams and .go north sixty-four miles to the Grand Canyon, and the greatest natural curiosities in the world. The Colorado river has cut a channel in the soft •■ock for a dis'anip a tall pine tree and floated a flag from its top. The name was thus given to the place before a house was erected in the town. OF GREAT INTEREST TO EU3IBERMEN. Flagstaff is located on the edge of a vast pine forest in which it is estimated there are billions of foet of lumber. Landseekers interested in the lumber business should understand that thousands of acres of superior pine are waiting here for the incoming of enterprising lumbermen. The journey is continued westward and a stop made at Prescott. This is a central point for the mining interest, but is only one of the important miiiin-g centers of the State. Arizona Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises The Clark Copper Mine. Southward from Pres- cott, some thirty miles, is the copper mining section of the United Verde District at Jerome. It is here where Senator W. A. Clark has acquired a part of his large fortune. The claim is made that the United Verde mine has yielded for several years, and now gives a profit of $9,000,000 a year. As the digging of precious metals out of the earth is a most fascinating work, and as Arizona has many mountains throughout the entire State in which there is vast treasure yet to be explored and de- veloped, the landseeker in search of good opportunity for investment in mining will wish to know some- thing about prospects here. In explanation it may be said that no brief article can do this subject jus- tice. The air here is full of mining intelligence and news of new discoveries being made every week, but to verify reports and fully understand the subject the inquirer shoufn spend a good deal of time right here on the ground. PROFITS IN COPPER >nNING. Published reports give the following: The "Fortuna" mine, 27 miles south of Yuma, has paid .$.jO,000 profit each month for several years. The "Peirce" mine, in Cochise county, near Sul- phur Springs, has given $20,000,000 to its owners in the past eight years. The "Bisbee" mine, in Cochise county, has paid $20,000,000 in dividends to its stockholders in the past 20 years. The "Vulture" mine, 60 miles from Phoenix, though liardly opened yet, has already turned out $10,000,- 000 in profits. THE OPENING OF A COPPER 3nNE. To people who have never seen the opening and de- velopment of a copper mine it will be interesting to visit the Mascot Copper mine, located 16 miles east of Wilcox, Cochise county, in Arizona, on the side of the Dos Cabezas mountains. Prospectors years ago discovered this mine, had specimens of the ore as- sayed, learned that the ore carried a certain per cent of gold and silver along with copper, sold out the property to a syndicate of capitalists, who incor- poiated a company capitalized at $10,000,000, shares being placed at $10 each. Knowing: that a good copper mine holds out for a lifetime, investors have bought shares fast enough to keep a force of men at work since the beginning, un- covering the ore and doing preparatory work at an expense of several thousand dollars per month, mak- ing ready for sending the ore by gravity down to a smelter in the valley below. Visitors are not only made welcome but they are transported from Wilcox to the mine by automobiles, are siven an interesting country ride and an oppor- tunity to investigate copper mining, which is one of the great industries of Arizona. Our map shows the location of the Mascot copper mine. AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES. The ultiinato source of great wealth in this region will be agricultural production. Arizona is blessed with a delightful climate. There are numerous elevated plains in the upper part of the State where the weather is cool and frosts prevail in the cold seasons of the year, but in the southern part of the country the climate is such as will produce in perfection oranges, dates, figs, lemons, olives and peaches several weeks earlier than can be given in other regions of the same latitude. The possibilities in fruit culture are shown in the strawberry, which, by attention, can be kept in bearing here for eight months in the year. As the average rainfall of the entire State is but about 7 inches a year, the universal want of the country is irrigation — more water for growing crops. ANCIENT IRRIGATION WORKS HERE. It is clearly evident that the inhabitants of this repion, in the remote past, overcame this difficulty by aqueducts. The engineering talent of the present age will, in similar manner, surmount this trouble. Arizona is so large in area and so diversified in opportunities for the land seeker in lumbering, min- ing, ostrich raising, dairying, fruit growing or poul- try enterprise we know not what to particularly describe, It should be understood that Arizona has many regions where delightful homes may be made and fortunes acquired. We will let Mr. E. J. Bennitt, of Phoenix, tell about a single section. This is but one. There are many others. STORY OF AN AUTO RIDE By £. J. Bennitt. "T wonder if, after all, it will prove a fool's er- rand?" Thus Jacob Harris queried himself, seeking, yet expecting no answer, as he seated himself comfort- ably on a plush cushion and looked out of the car window. Of mature years, spent mainly in the Middle West, he had acquired a modest competence for his family. But the long, cold winters, during which he suffered exposure in the protection of what he was able to acquire in the fruitful summer sea- sons, were sapping his vitality. He dreaded the in- clemencies and chances of crop failure that, any season, might reduce his savings to a minimum. He had seen some literature of the Salt River Valley and had been induced to spend a few dollars in per- sonally investigating the seemingly fairy-tale claims. "I will never be a rich man anyway," he mused, "and perhaps I ought to let well enough alone." "Phoenix," announced the conductor, and an hour later Jacob Harris was in conversation with a Phoenix real estate dealer to whom he had been recommended. A tour of the valley was arranged to begin the next morning, and the rest of that day was devoted to sizing up the city, visiting the Phoenix Board of Trade, examining the maps of the county and territory, the exhibits of fruits and prod- ucts, and inquiring of those he met concerning the crop returns of the many products raised in the valley. He had read all this in the literature, but knowing the world pretty well, knew that what the Arizona people wanted was the investment of his money. He did not doubt their honesty, but he knew the vision of the immigration agent is sometimes dis- torted. He wanted to know what others, who had been enticed to Phoenix before him. had to say about it. And what they said fully verified what he had read. In the afternoon he climbed the court house tower where he secured a panoramic view of the valley. Spread around him lay a modern city of 18,000 inhabitants, and beyond, stretching away over on area of 100,000 acres were green fields, comfort- able farm houses and miles of tree-lined country roads, a community that, with Phoenix for its center, numbers approximately 23.000 pe«ple, served by the Phoenix postoflice and its 100 miles of rural routes. Northwest some ten or twelve miles, are Glendale and Peoria and sourrounding farms, numbering sev- eral hundieds of inhabitants. To the east, and across and up .Salt River, beyond the line of vision, lay Tempe and Mesa, nine and seventeen miles away, respectively, the commercial centers of another 100.- 000 acres of land, equally as rich and as well suited for agriculture as that before him. THE VALLEY A PARALLELOGRAM Jaeob Harris noted that the general form of the valley is a parallelogram, averaging 20 miles wide and 40 miles long, hedged in by mountain ranges that rise abruptly from the valley plain. Entering at the northeast corner, where the Granite Reef Diversion Dam is located, .Salt River winds sinuously in a generally direct course to the southwest corner of the valley, and thence onward 100 miles further to its junction with the Colorado. Crossing the valley diagonally, the river leaves Phoenix, Scotts- dale, Alhambra, Glendale and Peoria, on what is known locally as the •'north side," and Tempe, Mesa, and surrounding lands on the "south side." Looking toward the site of the Granite Reef Dam again, twenty-three miles away, he learned that fifty miles further up the river, through an impassable canyon, is the site of the Roosevelt Storage Dam, now nearly complete, at the junction of Tonto Creek and Salt River. This dam will form a storage basin, making the largest artificial lake in the world. It would take too long: to tell what Mr. Harris saw in the foreground — the city of Phoenix. It is all told in the literature of The Phoenix Board of Trade & County Immigration Commissioner, which is sup- plied for the asking. The story is of a modern city of brick houses, churches, schools, railroads, parks, the territorial capitol, and all public utilities. Mr. Harris returned to the hotel, tired and hungry, his head already crammed with information that was rolling in on him like a tidal wave. At the hotel that evening he met an engineer of the reclamation service. Before he knew it, he was listening to an outline of the reclamation plan and irrigation system. Jacob Harris went to bed also, impressed but still doubtful. He wanted to see some of that "desert" land. This was all "town talk" and it seemed too 18 '4 Arizona Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises good to be truf He yearned to hear an inharmoni- ous chord and even a "knocker" would have been welcomed. Early next morning: he was whirling away in an automobile with the realty agent. They passed the seven fine brick school buildings in Phoenix and the territorial capitol costing !)!130,000, without suspi- cion of a penny of graft, standing in the midst of a beautiful park of green lawns and thousands of vari- eties of shrubbery. Continuing, they speed through the residence sections of the city, fronted by at- tractive street parks, and then — to the country. Out Grand Avenue a mile and a half they came to the Territorial Fair Grounds, where three annual exhi- bitions had been given, equal to the big eastern state fairs. The corporation has a balance in the treasury and the best mile track west of Memphis. They traveled straight west ten miles, passing small ostrich farms, finally arriving at the largest one in the United States, containing about l.itOO acres, where hundreds of these valuable birds are grazing in alfalfa pastures. Mr. Harris learned that the val- ley has three-fourths of all the ostriches in America and they are money makers. THE SUGAR-BEET DISTRICT Seven miles north found them in the Glendale- Peoria country, as rich a sugar-beet and general farming soil as can be had anywhere. Half of it is cultivated; all will be soon. Thence east through the town of Glendale and on to the big mill of the Arizona Sugar Company, that cost approximately a million dollars to build. Straight east, for six miles more, the party traveled through equally as rich a country until Central Avenue was reached, that being a boulevard that runs ten miles due north from Phoenix to the Arizona Canal. Down the avenue with orchards, grain fields and farm homes all around. Three miles from Phoenix they arrived at the government Indian school, a collection of fine buildings that would put many state universities to shame, where are being fed. clothed and educated in grammar courses and manual training, a thousand native children. From this point the auto turned east for seven miles, throu.gh farms and orchards to the heart of the orange belt. Thence the machine was headed for the "south side," crossing the river at Tempe, a beautiful city of l..")00 inhabitants, with the territory's chief normal school and grammar and high schools. Adjacent is the Lily Brand condensed milk factory, affording a fine market for dairymen. Six miles east of Tempe is the town of Mesa, with about the same population, also with fine homes, stores, banks, churches, schools, and high school, creamery, vineyards, orchards, etc. Lying directly south of a line through Teinpe and Mesa is an agricultural area ten miles square, all titled land, and as good as any in the valley, but only partly in cultivation, for want of sufficient settlers. Its possibilities are everything agricultural and horticultural and the prices are lower, as it is the latest section of the valley to be settled. After a ten-mile spin through that region, the machine went flying Phoenixward, the most notable institution passed on the way being the territorial asylum for the insane, three miles from Phoenix. After traveling through seventy miles of orchards of citrus and deciduous fruits, olives, alfalfa pastures, oat, barley and wheat fields, corn, sorghum, can- taloupes, watennelons and other acreage crops, straw- berries and truck gardens, by country and city creameries and public institutions, Mr. Harris was set down at his hotel. He had marveled from the first at all the good things he saw. but the question on his mind was: "What is there for the poor man and where will he find his 'desert' land for homesteading?" Long before his trip was over he learned that there is no "desert" land as the easterner speaks of it, and no possibilities for homesteading within the reservoir district, but that there is plenty of titled land, un- improved, at .$.50 an acre. It is not a "cheapland" country, except relatively speaking, but it is a "good- land" country whose produce pays interest and big profits on a high valuation. He was reminded that half the ranches iie had passed had from 100 to 300 acres in them, and he needed no telling that twenty acies is ample for any man to farm who does his own work. The secret of it is that the Government builds reservoirs for settlers, not for speculators. The poor man's opportunity is to buy a farm from the excess holdings of some earlier settler, in an ideal climate and community, with the advantages of the most modern and comfortable surroundings, and take up life not as a pioneer but as a country gentleman, moderately well-to-do and independent. Jacob Harris is now an enthusiastic Salt River Valley rancher and can testify that he did not come here on a "fool's errand." WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH $2,000 By J. W. Spear. The man with $2,000 can do any one of a lone list of things which, with ordinary fortune and judgment, will return much more than interest. It is assumed that the question is asked in behalf of those who have no remunerative occupation, and with their capital propose to be independent, thus narrowing it to an agricultural proposition. Good land costs from .$"."> to .$2.50, including irriga- tion water. .\ssume the middle ground of $100 pep acre. Buy fifteen acres. Pay for it .$1,000 cash and mortgage for the rest, placing the other .$1,000 in the bank to draw upon for the first year's support and foi necessary equipment. Utilize credit as far as possible with safety and assurance of meeting obligations. Begin in the fall Build a small, comfortable house until able to build a better one — say a .$400 mansion, unless you are single, then live in a tent. Some credit could be secured on the house. Procure team wagon, plow, and other needfuls. Establish an ac- count at the grocery store. Plant almost anything you like that will grow in the latitudes between Mil- waukee and New Orleans, preferably, for early revenue, truck, etc. Later you may decide that a ten-acre orange orchard is what you want with five acres of truck; hut as it takes six or eight vears for oranges to make returns of consequence, aiid in the interiin only the space between rows can be Utilized, wait for oranges until you have more money. A LITTLE LAND WELL TILLED Put five acres into deciduous fruits of various kinds. In the months that follow plant between trees for a year or so, vegetables for family use and market. Later do not use for other things soil vi- tality that belongs to the trees. Plant an acre of strawberries. There will be some return the first year, a big yield the next. An acre of asparagus will be a money-maker if you know how. James Davis, of Mesa City, made $60 on one-eighth acre of green peas, marketing them in February. He says he can raise beets the year round, returning $400 per acre at from 1 cent to 3 cents per pound. He realized $130 from one-quarter acre Irish potatoes, an excep- tional result; but he knows the truck business. Put in two aeres of alfalfa for the horses. You still have about five acres for cantaloupes. Plant in March, harvest during July. Many small patches have returned net, except for owner's labor, $200 per acre; some more than $300. Plant sorghum or some other crop to follow cantaloupes. One inan handles five acres of cantaloupes; but fifteen acres intensively farmed will require some help. It might be better to try fewer crops and more acreage to each at first; but the small farm must be diversified and worked intensively. The farmer must work hard and live economically until he has paid out. In this climate he can work 365 days annually. Keep chickens. H. B. Lehman, of Glendale. deals in them almost exclusively. Returns last year were .$2.2.54, less $890 expenses, net, $1,364. Five acres would make a splendid chicken ranch. A few hundred dol- lars would stock it. Some liave started by renting land for the canta- loupe season at $10 to $15 per acre. That only re- quires cost of living while making the crop, but the renter is not building his own home place, though experience ipay he worth the delay. It is an ideal ooiintr.v for the apiary, poultry, vege- tables, and for small fruits on a $2,000 basis. With more money there is a much wider field. 19 ARKANSAS STATE AND THE 75 COUNTIES OF ARKANSAS With Their Boundaries -^> T .L._ i ^ — 1^,-1 ^.J.^.r-L., \2* ^s I hi I 22 \ 23 L J 42 r^^'Au \ 58 ', ^^^-1 r--l% 41 57 55 )56^.,;^'° ^59 •^J >, ; 65 I 68 > 67 J_ I 69 ^J? /,A & iVETEXABKAVlA T "' X - S C J i70/7J/ 72 r 73 "'^•^.-" '- I iL\„-i I ^_- ; L © y ti s Q A ~ T--) LOCATION AND POPULATION OF ARKANSAS COrNTIES. Loca. County Pop. 1. . . Benton . .33,389 o Carroll . . 16,839 8. . . .14,318 4. . . Marion. . 10,203 5 .10,389 6.. . Fulton. .12.193 7. . . . . Randolph. .18,987 8. . . Clay. .23,690 !», . . Washington . .33,389 10... . . . Madison. .16,056 11 . . . .... Newton . .10,612 12. .. Searcy. . 14,485 13. . Stone. . 8,946 14. . . Isard. .14,561 15. . . Sharp. .11,688 16. . . . . Lawrence. .20,001 17. .. Greene . . 3,8.52 18. . . . . Crawford . .23,942 IS). . . . .. Franklin . . 20,6.38 20... .... Johnson . . 19,698 County Pop. 21. Pope. .24,527 32 . ..Van Buren . .13, .509 23 .... Cleburne. .11,903 24 . Independence. .24,776 25 .28,501 2^6. . . . Craighead . .27,627 27 .... Poinsett . .12,791 28. . . Mississippi. . 30,468 29 . . . Sebastian . .52,278 30. Logan. .26,350 31. Scott. .14,802 32. Yell. .26,323 33. Perry . . 9,402 34. Conway. .22,729 35. .... Faulkner. .23,708 36. White. .28.574 37. Woodruff. .20,049 38. Cross. .14.012 39. . .St. Francis. .22.548 Loca. County Pop. 40.... Crittenden. 41 Polk. 42.. Montgomery. 43 Garland. 44 Saline. 45 Pulaski . 46 T^onoke. 47 Prairie. 48 Monroe. 49 Lee. 50. . . .Hot Springs. 51 Grant. 52 Jefferson . 53 Arkansas. 54 Phillips. 55 Sevier. 56 Howard. 57 Pike. 58 Clark. .22,447 .17,216 .12,4.55 .37.271 .16,657 .86,751 .27,983 .13.853 .19.907 .24,352 . 5,022 . 9.425 .52,734 .16,103 .33,.535 .16.616 . 6.898 . 15,565 .23,686 Lncn. County Pop. 59 Dallas. 60 Cleveland. 61 Lincoln. 62 Desha. 63... .Little River. 64. . .. Heinpstead. 65 Xevada. 66 Ouachita. 67 Calhoun. 68 Bradley. 69 Drew. 70 Milles. 71 Lafayette. 72 Columbia . 73 I'nion . 74 Ashlev. 75 Chicot. .12.621 .14,481 .15,118 .15,274 .13,597 . 8,285 .19.344 .21.774 . 9.894 .14.518 .21.960 . 19..555 .13.471 .23,820 .30,723 . 25,368 .21.987 Total 1.574,449 Arkansas Cities and Villages With 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Abbott Alco .. Alix . . .31 300 .13 200 .19 500 Toirns Lorn. Pop. Alma 18 565 Almond 33. . . . 308 Almvra 53. . . . 252 Alpena Pass. . . .3. . . . 314 Towns Loca. Pop. Alston .52. . . . 350 Altus 19 659 Alv 33. ... 215 Amity .58 813 Towns Loca. Pop. Antoine 57 . Apex 29. Appleton 21 . Arden 63. 334 200 319 424 20 Arkansas Cities and Villages With 1910 Populations Towns Lora. Pop. .45. .58. Argenta ♦Arkadelphia Arkana 5. •Arkansas City.53. Armada 18 . Armorel 28. ♦Askdown ... .63. Ash ton 75. Atkins 21. ♦Augusta 37. .15. .36. .68. .28. .14. .54. .31. .24. .44. .69. .26. .66. .17. .58. .40. .33. Balboa . . . Bald Knob Banks .... Bardstown Barren Fork Barton . . . Bates .... 'Batesville Bauxite . . Baxter . . . Bay Bearden . . Beaver . . . Beebe .... Beirne . . . Bellefonte Belleville . Ben Lomond ♦Benton . *Bentonville ♦Berryville Bertig .... Bierne .... Big Creek. . Bigelow . . . Biggers . . . Biglake . . . Biscoe .... Black Rock Black Springs Blevins . Blissville Blue Mountain. 30 Blytheville Bodcaw ... Bonanza . . Bono •Booneville Boydsville . Boynton . . Bradford .. Branch . . . Brasfield . . Brighton . . Brinkley . . Brookland Brownstown Buckner . . Buffalo . . . Burdette . . Butler .... 28. .65. .29. .26. .30. . .8. .28. .36. .19. .47 .17. .48. .26. .55. .71. . .4. .28. .11,138 ..2,745 . . . 217 . .1,485 . . 316 .307 . .1,247 . . . 261 . .1,258 .1,520 . . 200 . . 617 . . 208 .210 . . 350 . . 218 ,..273 .3,399 . . . 309 , . . 224 . . . 500 . . . 439 .250 . . . 873 . . . 450 . . . 296 . . . 335 .431 , .1,708 . .1,956 . . 785 , . . 304 . . 450 . . 218 . . 350 . . 435 . . 254 . . 253 .1,078 .254 . . 212 . . 296 . . 204 .3,819 . . 216 . . 811 Cabin Creek... 20 Cabool Cabot Cache Caddo Gap. Calico Rock •Camden . . Canehill .. Carlisle . . . Corrollton . Carthage . . Casa Cauthorn . Cave City. . Center Poin Centerville Cerrogordo •Charleston . Cherokee City Cherry Valley Chickalah 33 Chickasawba ..38 Chidester . Chula •Clarendon Clarkdale . *C!arksville •Clinton .. . Clio Coaldale . . .60. . .46. ..47. . . 42 . . .14. . .66. 9. . .46 . . . 3 . . .59. .33. , . .31. . .15. . .56. . . 32 . . .63. . .19. . .1. .38. 66. . .32. . .48. ..40. . .20. 22 . ] .go'. ..31. .1.631 . . 214 . . 3.50 . . 382 .271 . . 200 . . 350 .1,740 . . 516 . . 221 . . . 240 224 ' ! ! 707 . . . 350 . . 520 . . . 250 . . . 441 .. 219 . . 212 . . 401 . 3,995 . . 421 . . . 516 . . 310 . . 386 . . 310 . . . 318 . . . 278 . . 328 . . 250 . . 2.53 . . .576 . . 350 . . 300 , . . 244 . . . 250 . . 344 . . 309 . .3,037 . . . 250 .1,456 . . 297 . . 450 . . 350 roiriLs Lui-a. Pop. Coal Hill.. Columbus . Combs .... •Conway . . Cornerstone •Corning . . Cotter . . . . Cotton Plan Cove Cricket . . . Crossett . . Cummins . Cushman . .20. .64. .10. .35. .52. . .8. . .5. .37. .41. . .3. .74. .61. .24. D Dabney . . . Dalark .... Damascus . Danville . . •Dardanelle Ratto Decatur . . . Deer Delight .... Denning . . Denning Yar •De Queen . . Dermott . . . •Des Arc. . . Rpvall Bluff •De Witt . . . Dierks Dodd City.. Douglas .... Dover 22. . .59. . .35. ..32. ..32. . ..8. . ..1. . .11. ..57. . .19. d. .19. , .55. . . 75. .47. .47. .53. .56. . .4. .36. .21. Diakes Creek. . 10 Draughton Dumas . . . , Dyer .60. .63. .18. E Eagle Mills Earl Edgemont . *E1 Dorado Elizabeth . . Elmore . . . El Paso. . . . Emerson . . Emmet . . . England . . Eudora .... •Eureka .'Springs. •Evening i=;hade.l5 F •Fayetteville ...9 Felsenthal 73 Fordyce .59 Foreman 63 •Forest Citv 39 •Fort Smith... 29 Fouke 70 Fulton 64 .66. .40. .23. .73. . .6. .50. .36. .72. .65. .46. 5. G Galla .... Garland . . Garretson Gentry . . . Gethseman Giffard . . . Gillett . . . Gilham . . . Gilmore . . Glenwood Grand Lak Grannis . . Grapevine Gravette . Graysonia Greenbrier Greenfield Green For Greenway . •Greenwood GrifTithville Guion Gurdon . . . Guy Hackett . Halley ... •Hamburg .21. .70. .52. . .1. .52. .50. ..53. .55. .40. .57. . 75. .41. 51. . .1. ..58. .35. .27. ..2. . .8. .39. .36. 14. .58. .35. .29. .62. .74. ,229 316 200 ,794 250 ,439 894 ,081 400 524 ,038 500 344 . . . 241 . . . 231 , . . 309 , . . 803 ..1,757 , . . 244 . . 246 . . 250 . . 750 . . . 757 . . . 584 , .2,018 . .1,662 . .1,061 . . . 934 . . 831 . . 272 . . 250 , . . 398 . . 385 . . 208 . . 304 . . 519 . . 433 1,200 1,542 . 342 4,202 211 200 217 600 270 1,407 . 606 3,338 . 289 .4,471 .. 273 .2,794 .1,041 .2,484 .33,975 . . 314 .. 647 . . 205 . . 277 . . 200 . . 668 . . 500 . . 200 . . 256 . . 291 . . 250 . . 850 . . 352 . . 350 . . 284 . . 569 . . 771 . . 250 . . 316 . . 635 . . 390 .1,129 . . 203 . . 396 .1,384 . . 350 . . .363 . . 357 .1,787 Toirim Lora. Pop. •Hampton . . . .67. . . . 353 Hardy 15. . . . 329 Harrell 67 . . . . 300 •Harrisburg . . .37. . . . 943 •Harrison 3... 1,602 Hartford 29 . . .1,780 Hartman 20. . . . 540 HatfleUl 41 300 Havana 32. . . . 621 Havnes 49. . . . 350 Hazen 47 687 •Heber Springs. 23. .. 1,518 •Helena 54. . .8,772 Hensley 44. . . . 500 Hermitage . . . .68. . . . 247 Hickorv Plains. 47. . . . 250 Higden 33 336 Hindsville 10 284 Holland 35 . . . . 200 Holly 57 8.50 Holly Grove 48 . . . . 536 Homan 70. . . . 250 Hope 64. . .3,639 Horatio .55. . . . 605 •Hot Springs. . .43. .14.434 Houston 33. . . . 2.50 Hoxie 16. . . . 915 Humphrev .53 380 Hunter 37 .508 Huntington 29... 1,700 •Huntsville . . . .10. . . . 540 Huttig 73... 1,240 Imboden 16. luka 14. Jacksonport . Jacksonville . •Jasper Jeanette . . . . Jenny Lind . . Jericho .Toiner • Jonesboro . . Judsonia .... Junction City Kearney . Kensett . . Keo Kerrs .... Kingsland Knob . . . . Knobel . . . Knowlton . 36 . .46. .46. .60. . .8. . ..8. .62. . 600 . 217 373 250 343 262 500 200 281 7,123 . 746 1,065 350 363 350 381 445 250 362 350 316 Knoxville 20. L, Ladd .52 200 La Grange 49. . . . 310 •Lake Citv 26. . . . 448 Lake Dick 52 . . . . .500 Lakefarm 52 281 •Lake Village. .75. .. 1,074 Lamar 20. . . . 520 Laurel 21 251 Lavaca 29 350 Lead Hill 3 711 Leland 75 207 Leola 51 398 I>eslie 12. . .1,898 •Lewisville 71 . . .1.361 Lincoln 9. . . . 293 Little Rock rcapitol) 45.-45,941 Locksburg . . . .55. . . . 748 London 21 ... . 303 •Lonoke 46. . .1,547 Luxora 28. . . . 677 M McCrorv 37. . . . 637 McGehee 62... 1,157 McGrew 52 ... . 250 McNab 64. . . . 271 McNeil 73. . . . 482 Madison 39. . . . 472 Magazine 30. . . . 968 Magness 24 . . . . 316 •Magnolia 72 . . . 3,045 •Malvern 50. . .3,778 Mammoth Sprg.6. . . . 817 ro,n,.s Lorn. Pop. Mandeville 70. Manilla 28. Mansfield 29. •Marianna ... .49. JIarion 40. Marked Tree. . .27. Marmaduke ...17. •Marshall 12. Marvell 54. Maynard 7. Maysville 1 . •Melbourne . . .14. *Mena 41. Midland 29. Millard 30. Millville 66. Mineral Springs.56. Minturn 16 Monette 26. •Monticello . . . 69 . Montrose 74. Morrell 74. •Morrillton . . .34. •Mountain Home. 5. •Mount View. . .13. Mount Vernon. 35. Mulberry 18. Murfreeshoro .57. X •Nashville ....56. Neal Springs. . .55. Nettleton 26. Newark 24 . New Edinburg.60. •Newport 35. Norfork 5 , . 200 . . 562 . . 816 .4,810 . . 256 .2,026 . . 780 . . 558 . . 556 . . 295 . . 344 . . 282 . 3,953 . . 63!) . . 208 .1,014 . . 433 . . 251 . . 555 .2,274 . . 250 . . 508 .2 424 '. . '446 273 '. '. 250 .2,374 . . 216 .1,080 . . 595 . 435 . . 557 . . 321 O Ogamaw 66 Ogden 63 Okolona 58 Ola 32 Omaha 3 •Osceola 38 •Ozark 1!) 214 397 399 516 508 1.769 1,146 P •Paragould . . . 17 . . . 5,248 *Paris 30. . .1,497 Parkdale 74. . . . 383 Peach Orchard .8.... 344 Pearcy 43 . . . . 216 Pea Ridge 1 . . . . 308 Pecan Point . . .28. . . . 219 Pennington . . .25. . . . 250 Peria 50. . . . 250 Perry 33. . . . 314 • Perry ville . . . .33. . . . 3.55 Pettigrew 10. . . . 450 •Piggott 8... 1,150 Pike 57 335 Pindall 13. . . . 277 'Pine Bluff .. .52 .. 15,103 Plain view 32. . . . 853 Plumerville . . . 34 . . . . 495 •Pocahontas ...7...i,547 Poi'tia 16. . . . 367 Portland 74 ... . 833 Pottsville 31 ... . 205 Poughkeepsie .15.... 284 Prairie Grove. . .9. . . . 774 Prairie View. . ..SO. . . . 200 •Prescott 65... 2,705 Provo 55 ... . 248 Q Quitman 23. . . . 471 Ravana . . . Ravenden . Readland . Rector . . . . Redfield . . Remmel Reyno . . . . Richmond •Rison Rogers Rosboro Rosston . . . Rover Russellville B . . . 364 . . . 350 . . . 214 . .1,859 . . . 378 . . . 381 . . . 290 . . 309 . . 725 .2,820 . .. 516 . . 200 . . 218 12,930 Explanatinn : Index to Towns. First Column. Names oi Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 21 Arkansas Cities and Villages With 1910 Populations Locii. I'(ip. S Saginaw .... ,50. . . 254 Saint Francis . .8. . . 459 Saint James .13. . . 314 Saint I'aul . . . .10. . . . 430 Saint Vincent .34. . . 500 •Salem . .6. . . 865 Sandy Ridge. .2«. . . 700 Saratoga .... .56. .. 400 * Sea rev .36. .2,331 Settlement . . 22 . . 250 Seyppel .40. .. 250 *Sheridan . . . .51. .. 481 Sherrill .52. . . . 350 Shiloh .23. . . . 351 Silica .44. . . 284 Siloam SiJiing S...1. .2,405 Smithville . . .16. . . 308 Spadra .20. .. 640 Springdale . . . .9. . 1,755 Springfield . . .34. . . 316 Stamps .71. .2,316 Staple . .61. . . 274 Star City . . . .61. .. 396 Stevens .66. . . 572 Sterling . 75 . . . 618 L' picturesque region. Re- sources: Fruit, timber and iron. Soil rich and very cheap. Stately growths of timber, numerous run- ning streams. Wn.D LAND $3 AND $6 AN .4CRE. Craighead County. Much dense forest here yet, but rapidly being cleared away. Jonesboro becoming a large manufacturing center. County well supplied with railroads. Wild land $3 and $6 an acre. Little Kiver Count.v. Resources: Great abundance of timber, level land, hardwood on river bottoms, pine on uplands, well supplied with railroads, soil and climate adapted to fruit and truck raising. Lands from $3 to $8 wild; from $S to $20 per acre improved. Hempstead County. One of the oldest in the .State, a peach and tomato country. Yet unimproved farms here can be had for $4 per acre. Timber is being removed and the county rapidly settling. Lafayette County, in the great pine belt, highly fertile soil underlaid with clay subsoil. County well watered and drainage perfect. Wild land worth from $2.50 to $4 per acre. Climate delightful. Columbia County. This is the poor man's county. With $500 the man can be well established on a 40- acre farm and making money. A cotton, fruit and grape country. The quick, fertile soil here gives a family a living the first year. Hot Springs is not only the most widely known city in Arkansas, but it has an international reputa- tion. Its visitors come from all countries and all conditions of life. The United States government has proven its faith in the curative powers of its waters by its ownership and control of the springs. The hotels are equal to those of Chicago and New York. The water from the springs, with a daily flow of over 800.000 gallons, is not only used for baths, but it is delicious to drink. .\ large number of complaints have yielded to its power. Hot Springs has a hotel capacity of 20,000, and there is never a season that it is not filled. With its twenty-three bath houses and its ninety-five doctors, it is pre-eminently a Sanitorium. Never- theless, out of its fifty thousand annual visitors, a large proportion consists of people who have come solely on account of the climate, and the opportunities to have a good time. The death rate is low — 6.11 per thousand for residents and for visitors 1.32. Total 7.43. Minus the decimals. New York stands at 25, Boston 21, Philadelphia 17, Chicago 19, Los Angeles 10. Hot Springs has two banks, two daily papers, nineteen churches, fifteen schools, twelve livery sta- bles, water works, electric and gas light, electric street railway, fire department, local and long dis- tance telephone system. New York, Chicago and New Orleans market reports by direct wire, police system, an athletic arena and baseball park, and one of the finest mile racing tracks in Am'erica. If a business trip to Arkansas, for a personal in- vestigation of opportunities herein set forth, is being planned. Hot Springs should by all means be included in the itinerary. With the vast concourse of capitalists who make this their yearly playground, from which prospect- ing expeditions are made, there is perhaps no point in Arkansas which affords a better opening for a real estate business, covering a list of properties embracing every section of the state. 4rea of State. Length, north and south, 240 miles; average breadth, 228 miles. Length of State on Mississippi River, from 300 to 360 miles. Climate. Temperate and healthful. Average tem- perature throughout the year, 62.2 degrees. January average 40 above. July average 81 above. Warmest on record 106: Coldest 12 below. Extremes of tem- perature are rare. It is a land of delightful sunshine for nine months in the year, and the other three months are not unpleasant. Rainfall 53.6 inches a year. HISTORY. Arkansas. Visited by the Spaniards, under De Soto, 1.541. Settled by the French, in 168.5. Was a part of the French Colony of Louisiana, which was purchased by the U. S. in 1803. Continued a part of Louisiana territory until 1,S12. Including Indian Territory, was organized as a Ter- ritory in 1819. Admitted as a State, June 15, 183a 23 CALIFORNIA STATE AND THE 58 COUNTIES OF CALIFORNIA With Their Boundaries Location and Population of CALIFOKNIA COUNTIES Lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion I'JIO 1 Del Norte. . 2,417 2 Siskiyou. .18,801 3 Modoc. . 6,191 4 Humboldt.. 33,837 5 Trinity.. 3,301 6 Shasta.. 18,930 7 Lassen. . 4,802 8 Tehama. .11,401 9 Plumas. . 5,259 10.... Mendocino. .23,929 11 Glen.. 7,172 12 Butte. .27,301 13 Lake.. 5,528 14 Colusa.. 7,732 15 Sutter.. 6,328 16 Yuba. .10,043 17 Sierra. . 4,098 18 Nevada . . 14,953 19 Placer. .18,237 20 Sonoma.. 48,394 21 Napa.. 19,800 22 Yolo.. 13,926 23 Solano. .27,559 24... Sacramento. .67,800 25 Eldorado.. 7,402 26 Amador. . 9,086 27 Alpine.. 309 28 Marin.. 25,114 29... Contra Costa. .31,674 30 San Joaquin. .50,731 31 Calaveras.. 9,171 32.. San Francisco. 416,912 33 Alameda. 346,131 34 San Mateo . . 26,583 35 Santa Cruz. .26,140 36... .Santa Clara. .27,738 37 Stanislaus. .22,523 38 Tuolumne.. 9,979 39 Mono. . 3,043 40 Monterey. .34,146 41 San Benito.. 8,041 42 Merced.. 15,148 43 Mariposa.. 3,956 44 Fresno . . 75,657 45 Madera. . 8,368 46 Kings. .16,233 47 Tulare. .35,440 48 Inyo. . 6,974 49. San Luis Obispo. .19,383 50 Kern. .37,715 51. Santa Barbara. .27,738 52 Ventura. .18,347 53.... Los Angeles. 504, 131 54. San Bernardino. .56,706 55 Orange. .34,436 56 Riverside. .34,696 57 San Diego. .61,663 58 Imperial. .13,i>91 Total 2,377.i549 Toil iif Loca. B *Bakersfleld .. .50. Balboa 55. Banning 56. Barstow 34. Beaumont 56. Belmont 34. Belvedere 38. Benali 24. Bend 8. Benecia 23. Ben Lomond. . . 35 . Berkeley 32. Beverly 53. Bieber 7 . Biggs 12. Big Oak Flat .38. Bigpine 48. Bishop 48. Blacks Station. 23. Blocksburg 4. Blue Can>on. . .19. Blue Lake 4. BIythe 56. Boca 18. Bodie 39! Bostonia 57 Boulder Creek.. 33. Brawley 58 Brentwood . . . .39. *Bridgeport . . .39. Brown 50. Brownsville ...16. Pop. 12,727 . . 300 .1,000 .. 300 . . 407 .. 450 .. 431 .. 532 . . 862 .2,360 . . 500 40,434 .. 250 . . 513 .. 403 . . 263 . . 250 .1,190 .. 292 .. 266 . . 300 .. 800 .. 300 .. 314 . . 750 400 . . 441 881 . . 335 . . 300 . . 200 . . 374 CALITGRNIA TOWNS WITH 1910 POPl T-\TIONS. Towns Loca. Pop. Acampo . Adin .... Alameda Albion . . Alhambra Allegheny Alma . . . Alpaugh .\ltaville Alton . .. *Alturas Alvarado Alviso . . . Amidor Citv . .30. . . .3. . .33. . .10. . . .53. . .17. . . 36 . . .47. . .31. , . .4.. . ..3. . .23. ..26. .36.. Anaheim ,55. . 300 . 500 3,883 . 500 5,031 . 300 . 300 . 250 . 300 . 200 . 91fi . 612 . 402 . 8.54 2.638 Toirnfs Loca. Pop. Anderson 6. .^ngel Island . .38 . Angels Camp . .31. Antioch 39. Aptos 35. Arbucl'le 14. Arcadia 53. Areata 4. Aromas 41 . .Arrowhead . . . .54. Arroyo Grande 42. Artesia 53. *.\uburn 19. Avalon 53. Agusa 33. . . 837 . . 285 . 3,000 .1,124 . . 278 . . 743 . . 696 .1,121 . . 300 . . 200 . . 300 . . 300 .2.376 .1,000 .1.477 Towns Loca. Pop. Buena Park. ...5.5. Bulwinkle 4. Burba nk 53. Burlingame . . .34. Burnett .53. Butte City ... .11. Byron 29. Calexico 58. Calistoga 21. ("'ambria 49. Campbell 36. Campo 31 . Camptonville . .16. Capay 22. . 300 . 300 . 400 1,565 . 500 . 279 . 350 . . 797 . . 751 . 288 . 700 . 300 . 387 . 304 24 California Cities and Villages, with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Carmel 40. Carpenteria Casper . . , Castroville Cayucas . , Cedarville . Centerville Ceres Charter Oak. .51 .10. .40. .49. . .3. .33. .37. .53. Cherokee 12. Chico Chino .... Claremont Clayton . . . Clearwater Clements Cloverdale Clovis .... Coachelia . , Coalinga . . , Colegrove . Colfax College Citv Collinsvilie ' Colma . . . Colton *Colusa .... Compton „„ Concord 29 Copperopolis . .31 Coram Cordelia . . . Corning- .... Corona Coronado „, Corte Madera. .38 Cottonwood ... .6 Coulterville . . .43 Cou»ty Farm. .53 Covelo . Covina Coyote . Cozzens ♦Crescent Crescent Creston . Crockett .12. .54. .53. .39. .53. .30. .20. .44. .56. .44. .55. .19. .14. .23. .34. .54. .14. 53. 6. .28. . .8. .56. 57. .10. 53. 36. 50. City. .1. Mills. .9. 49. 29. . . . 500 . . . 300 . . . 285 . . 800 . . . 316 . . . 500 . . . 561 . . 200 . . . 200 . . . 216 ..3.750 . .1.444 .1.114 . . . 268 . . 350 , . . 317 . . 823 .1.200 .1.500 .4.199 . . 200 . . 615 . . 208 . • 300 . . 1393 . 3.'980 . 1.582 . . 922 . . 703 . . 413 . . 666 . . 281 . . 972 . 3.540 .1.477 . . 360 . . 450 . . 350 . . 235 . . .300 .1.652 . . 225 . . 200 .1.114 . . 300 . . 200 .1.800 Towm Loca. Pop. Fellow 50. Felton 35. Fernando (Sair)53. Ferndale 4. Firebough 44. Florence 53 Florin 54. Folsom 24. Forhpstown . . .12. Forest 17 Foresthill 19' Fort Bidwell. . . .3 10. 12. .4. 31. .44. .54. .29. .47. .35. :33; .50. .57. D Daggett Danville Daunt Davenport . . . Davis Decoto Delano ...... Del Mar. . . . . . Diamond (Black) 29. Diamondg Sp'g25 ^47. .23. o .'47.' .53. .17. .26. .53. 30. Dinuba Dixon . Dorris Dos Palos. . . . Downev •Downieville Drytown .... Diiarte ....... Duncans Mills! Dunsniuir 12. Durham ... ' 12 Dutch Flat. . . .' !l9; Eagleville Edgewood El Ca.ion . *E1 Centre Eldorado ... Eldridge . . '20 .11. 24. 23. 55. 53. 56. 25. 33. Elk Creek Elk G-ove ... Elmira . El Modeno ' '. .' EIrio EIrinore . . . Emerald Bav Emerys ....".. „„ Enoinitas ... 57 Escendido ... 57 Etna Mills. . 2 *Eureka 4 Exeter 47 •Fairfield 23 Fairoaks . . 04 Fall Brook. ... '57 Fall River Mille 6 Farmington . . .30 . . 4.50 . . 200 . . 207 . . .503 . . 833 .. 220 . . 437 .. 250 .3,373 . . 267 .. 970 . . 827 . . 214 . . 350 . 1,.500 . . .500 . . 216 . . 600 . . 300 .1.719 . . 250 . . 400 . . . 400 . . . 200 . . . 500 . .1,610 ...311 . . . 800 . . . 213 . . . 467 . . . 317 . . . 200 . . . 250 . . . 488 . . . 436 ..3.613 . . 200 .1.334 . . 518 11,815 .. 500 . . 834 . . 500 . . 300 . . 350 • . 236 Fort Bragg. Fort Jones. . Fortuna .... ,Fosteria .... 'Fowler ^^ Fredalba 54. French Camp. .30. French Corrall.18. * Fresno 44. Fullerton 55! Fulton 20. G Gait 24. Garberville 4. Garden Grove.. 55! Georgetown . . .25. Germantown Geyserville . Gibsonville . Gilroy Glendale . , . Glendora „„ Glen Ellen 20. Goleta 51. Gonzales 40 Graniteville .. . . 18 Grass Vallev. . .18. Greenville 9. Greenwood . . . .15. Gridley 12 Grizzly Flats. ..15 " Guadaloupe . . .51 . Gualala 10. Guerneville . . . .20! .11. . .20. .17. .36. .53. .53. . . 500 . . 439 .1,100 . . 905 . . 400 . . 751 . . 385 . 1,.500 . . 233 . . 342 . . 658 . . 362 . 2,408 .1,316 . . 883 . . 400 . . 675 . . 213 . . 233 . . 250 J4,892 .1,725 . . 400 . . 985 . . 284 .. 401 . . 734 .. 235 . . 411 . . 203 .2,427 .2.746 .1,500 .1,020 .. 511 . . 612 . . 246 .4.530 . . 417 . . 307 . . 987 . . 350 . . .534 . . 215 . . 633 H Half Jloon. Hamilton C 'Hanford Harrison . Hawthorne Haywards Healdsburg Hemet . . . Hermon . . Hermosa . Hi.ghgrove Highland Holden *Hollister Holtville . Honcut . . , Hopland . Hueneme . Huntington Hydesville itv. .34. .11. ... .46. 34 . 53. 33. 20. 56 . 53. 53. 56. 54 . 30. 41. 58. 12. 10. 52. Pk . 53 . 4., I.gerna 2. Imperial 58 Imperial Beach. 57. •Independence 48. Indianola 56. Inglewood 53. lone 26 Iowa Hill 19' Irvington 33. .1..501 .1,016 .1,829 . . 252 . . 310 .2.746 .2.011 . . 993 . . 450 . . 679 . . 304 .1,600 . . 341 .2,. 308 . . 729 . . 418 . . 802 . . 813 .1.299 . . 317 . . 304 .1.257 . . 201 . . 407 . . 3.->0 .1,536 . . 876 . . 456 .1,010 Tow/is Loca. Pop. I. La Canada. . . La Crescenta La Grange. . . La Habra .... La Jolla •Lakeport . . , La Mesa La Miranda . . . Larkspur Lathrop Laton Latrobe Laverne Lawrence . . . . Leeland Le Grand Lemoore Lincoln I..indsay Little Lake... Little Shasta. . I..ivermore . . . Lockeford . . . . I^ompo Lonepine Longbeach . . . Long Valley. . . Loomis Lordsburg .... Lorengo IjOs Alamitos. . Los Alamas. . . *Los Angeles.. T..OS Banos. . . . Los Gatos Los Olivos. . . . T>ower Lake. . . Loyalton . .53. . .53. .37. . .55. ..57. .13. ..57. .53. .38. . 30 . .44. . . 25 . . .28. . .36. . .48. . .43. . .46. . . 19 . . .47. . .48. . .'33! . . 3.50 . . 210 . . 285 . . 225 . . 511 . . 870 . . .507 . . 213 .. 591 . . 261 . . 410 . . 313 . 308 . 205 . 350 . 250 1,017 1,404 1,814 . 210 . 514 2,030 30. ..3,697 51. . .1,482 . . 251 17.809 205 Towns Loca. Pop. O Oakdale .... •Oakland . . . . Oakley Occidental . '. '. Oceano Ocean Park. . '. Oceanside . . . . Oleina Ontario ...... Orange . . Orland ] .' Ormus Orogrande . . •Oraville Oxnard 37... 1.035 33.150,174 " . . 251 . . 213 . . 250 .3,119 . . 673 . . 305 .4,374 .2,920 . . 836 . . 261 . . 210 .2,859 .2,385 .20 .49 .53 ..57 .28 .54 ..55 .11 .44 .54 .13 .52 .48. .53. . .7. .19. .53. .33. .55. 51 307 954 350 310 607 .53.319.198 .43 745 .36. . .2.233 .51 203 .13 395 .17 983 Pacheco 29 Pacific Grove. .40'. Paige Palo Alto. Parkfleld . Parlier . . . Pasadena . . Paso Robles. .47 .36 .40. .44. .53 49. Penryn ! ! !l9. .50. .45. . .6. .12. .43. .27. .29. .16. M McKittrick . . •Madera .... Mammoth . . . Magalia •Mariposa . . . •Markleeville •Martines . . . •Marysville Maxwell 14 May field 36 Melitta 20 Mendocino 10 Menlo Park. . . .34 •Merced 42 Michigan Bar. .24 Michigan Bluff. 19 Middletown Lake Midland fFellero) . Millbrae . . . ^rill Valley.. Milpitas .... Milton Mission .... •Modesta . . . Mo.iave ..13. .50. .34. .28. .36. .31. .32. .37. 50. •Jackson .... .lamestown . . .lohannesburg Johnsville . . . Julian .36. .38. .50. .19. .57. Kelseyville . . . .13. Kennett 6. Kern 50. Kernville 50. Kimberly 6. King City 40. Kingsburg . . . .44 Klau 49' Kreights Ferry. 37 Knights Lndg. .22. .2.035 . . 611 . . 307 .311 . . 309 .. 902 .2.511 .2.000 . . 210 . . 625 . . 537 . . 634 . . 201 . . 573 . . 367 Mokelunne Hiil.31 Monrovia . . . ^lontague . . Monte Jlontecito . . Monterey . . . Monticelln .. Jlorgan Hill. Murphy . . . . ..53. . . .2. . .53. . .51. .40. .21. .36. .31. N 21. Citv. .57. 54. Citv. .18. •Xapa . Xational Needles •Nevada .New .-M ma den Newark Newcastle .... Newhall Newman Newport Beach Niles Nipomo Nordhoff „, Norman 11 No. Bloomfield.l8 No. San Diego. 57 No. San Juan. .18 Norwalk 53 Novato 28 . . . 212 . .3,404 . . . 650 . . . 243 . . . 431 . . . 150 . .2,115 . .5,4.30 . . . 350 . .1.041 . . . 230 , .1.289 . . 813 .3.102 ..714 . . 479 . . 710 . . 510 . . 343 .2,551 . . 405 . . 401 . . 759 .4,034 . . 381 .1,061 .3,570 . . 274 . . 3.50 . . 821 .4.923 . . 233 . . 607 . . 748 .5,791 .1,733 .1,501 . 3,689 . . 350 . . 530 . . 503 . . 510 . . 862 . . 445 .1,387 . . 315 . . 318 . . 244 . . 510 . . 250 . 312 . .513 . . 405 Perkins . . . Pascadero . Petaluma . Pichaco . . . Piedmont . Pike Pinchot . . . Pinole .. Piru ... Pitt •Placerville Pleasanton 34 .34. .30. 58. .33. ,17. 53. 29. 52. .6. 25. 33. Pleasant Valley!25! Plymouth Point Arena Point Reyes, Pomona .... Pope Vallev. Port Costa.. Portersville ....... Port Kenyon. . . .4. Potter Valley. .10 Prattville 19 26 .10. .38. .53. .21. .39. 4' Princeton Puente Quartz . •Quincy .14. .53. , .38. .19. . . . 351 . .3,384 . . . 413 . . 4,486 . . . 307 . . . 505 .30,291 . .1,441 . . . 253 . . 2.54 . . . 984 . .5,880 . . . 256 ..1,719 . . 210 , . . 250 . . 798 ..210 . . 303 .1.918 .1,254 .. 231 . . 508 . . 497 .. 214 10,207 . . 266 .1,221 .3,696 .. 207 .. 276 . . 239 . . 309 . . 350 R Ramona 57. Ranesburg . . . .50. Raymond 45 •Red Bluff s! •Redding 6. Redlands 54. Rcdondo Beach. 53. •Redwood City. 34. Reedley 44. Requa 1. Richmond Rio Dell.. Rio Vista . Riverdale Riverside . Rocklin . . Rohnerville Roseville Ross 28 Round Vallev. .48 Rust 29 Rutherford «. . .21 .29. . .4. .23. .44. .36. .19. . .4. .19. .24. .21. .40. .31. •Sacramento Saint Helena. •Salinas •San Andreas •San Bernar- dino San Buena Ventura 52 •San Diego 57 San Fernando. .53 •San Francisco.. 32 .Sanger 44 San Jacinto. . . .56 •San Jose 36. San Juan 41. San ,Tuan Capistrana . .55 210 319 ...210 . .1,021 . . . 510 . . 3..530 . . 3,572 . 10,449 ..2,935 ..3,443 . .1,800 . 408 . .6,802 . . 313 .881 .281 15.212 .1.036 . . 610 .3.608 . . .536 . . 213 . . 517 .. 211 .44.696 . .1.603 . .3.7.36 . .1.683 54. .13,779 . . .2.913 . .39.518 . . 1.100 416.912 . .2.010 ... 898 .28,94« . . . 326 . . . 310 25 California Cities and Villages, with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. .33.. .33. , .40.. San Leandro. . San Lorenzo. . San Lucas •San Luis Obispo ..... San Luis Rey. San Martin. . . . San Mateo. . . . San Miguel. . . . San Pablo San Pedro. . . . *San Rafael . . . Santa Clara . . . *.Santa Barbara. 51. *Santa Cruz. . . .35. Santa Maria. ...51. *Santa Ana. . . .55. Santa Monica. .53. Santa Paula . . .52. *Santa Rosa.. . .20. Santa Ynez 51. Saratoga 36 .49. .57. .36. .34. .49. .29. .53. 55. 35. Saticay Sausalito . Sawtelle . Scales .... Scotia . . . Scott Bar. Sebastopol Selnia 44 Shasta 6. Shasta Retreat. .2. .52. .28. .53. .17. . .4. .. .2. .20. .3,471 . . 350 . . 349 .5,157 ..315 , . . 408 ..4,334 , . . 611 , . . 487 . . 3,500 . .8,429 . .4,348 11,659 11.146 .2,260 . .8.429 .7,847 .2,216 .7,817 . . 250 , .1,500 . . . 400 .2,383 .2,143 . . 217 . . 513 ...212 .1,233 . .1,750 . . 634 , . . 617 Towns Loca. Pop. Sheepranch ... .31. Sheridan 19. Sierra City 17. Sierra Madre. ..53. Sierraville 17. Silver Lake. . . .54. Simons 53. Sisson 2. Soldiers Home. 53. Soledad 40. Somerset Sonoma *Sonora Soquel Soulsbyville . So. Pasadena. . South San Francisco . . .34. Sanford Univ. .36. Stege 29. •Stockton 30. Stonvford 14. Suisun 23. Summerland ..51. Sunolgien 33. ♦Susanville 7. Sutter 15. Sutter Creek. . .26. Sycamore 14. T Taylorsville ...19.... 245 .20. .38. .35. .38. .53. . . 2>9 .. 218 . . 51f, .1,308 . . 350 .. 214 . . 31 2 . . 63 15 .2,3(10 . . 508 .. 210 , . . 957 .2,029 . . 420 . . 250 .4,6^9 ..1,989 . . 700 . . . 510 .23,253 ...315 . . 641 . . . 250 , . . 328 . . . 688 . . 410 . .2,015 . . 204 Towns Loca. Pop. Tehachapi Tehama . . . Temecula . Templeton Thermal . . Thomasson Tiburon . . , Tipton . . . . Tobin Tomales . . Tracy Touckee . . , Tulare . . . . Turlock . . . Tustin .50. . .8. . . 56 . . .49.. .56. .23. , .28. .47. .34. .44. . .30. .18. .47. .37. .55. U *LTkiah Upland Upper Lake. . Urban Vacaville Valle.io Valley Springs Vallicita •Ventura Vina Vineburg •Visalia . . 385 . . 221 . . 220 .. 308 . . 721 . . 315 . . 207 . . 366 . . 250 . . 424 . . 382 .1,239 .2,758 .1,573 .. 810 .10... 2, 136 .54.. .2,384 .13 205 .25 315 23. ..1,177 23. .11,340 298 . . 318 .2,9.55 . . 218 . . 215 .4,550 Loca. Pop. Vista Grande. ..34. Volcano 26. W Walnut Creek. Washington . . Washington (Brodericli) Watsonville . . Watts •Weaverville . Westport AVheatland . . . Whiteliouse . . Whittier Williams Willets •Willows Wilmington .. Windsor Winters Woodbridge . . •Woodland .. . Woodside . . . . Wrights Yolo Yountville •Yreka . . . . •Yuba City. .26. .18. .22. .35. .53. ..5. .10. .16. . .6. .53. .14. .10. .11. .53. .20. .22. .30. .22. .34. .36. .22. .31. .2.124 . . 433 . . 447 . . 359 . . 815 .4.446 .1,922 .1,100 . . 593 . . 481 . . 300 . 4,550 . . 630 .1.1.54 .1,139 . . 206 . . 483 . . 910 . . 203 .3,187 . . 205 . . 289 . . 284 . . 307 .1,1.34 .1,160 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Divergity of industries. The state of Californi* 770 miles long and 37."; miles wide, is a region es- pecially interesting to the land seeker. It is a land of opportunity. The adventurer here may engage in a variety of enterprises, with prospects of success. Mining' for gold and silver has been and yet is a most profitablevbgkqcjmfwypvbgkq.icmfwypvbgk are in operation in San Bernardino, Inyo. Mono and other counties, while the vast mountain ranges, ex- tending throughout the length of the state, contain great quantities of mineral yet to be discovered. FRUIT GROWING AND GENERAL FARMING. Wheat raising employs large numbers of work- men. Fruit growing is rapidly developing. The refining of petioleum and its conversion into fine oils will be an immense enterprise in future years. Tlie rlimate of California is favorable for grape growing and the manufacture of a favorite wine of world wide reputation. The installation of great irrigation works will call for the service of multi- tudes of men. The development of power for man- ufacturing, transportation, heating and lighting from the immense water-power now going to waste will come forward soon. The utilization of the vast as- phaltum beds for road making is close at hand. Tlie fisheries, sugar making, poultry growing, dairying, lumbering, seed growing, furniture mak- ing and other industries are all just on the verge of unlimited development. NEWCOMER MAY TAKE HIS CHOICE. Here is the raw material in wonderful abundance. It is only for the newcomer to make his selection of what he will do. The Panama canal in a few years will be open. It will then be simply a matter of loading the vessel at a Pacific seaport, and in a few weeks the California product will be landed at any Atlantic city, at any European market or at any city in the Asiatics. The land seeker may come, if most convenient, on either the Santa Fe or Southern Pacific railways into California and begin investigation at San Diego, in San Diego, County. STATE YET THINLY POPULATED. In this immense state, three times as large as New York, there are not as many people as in the single city of Chicago. It takes but a little time to become impressed with the vast possibilities of California. Thirty million acres here are in forest. Much of this being covered by the famous red woods of such immense size as to give a million feet of lumber to the acre. So abundant is this timber and so prolific in great trees as to cause the government to put ten million acres of this timber area into national parks, leav- ing yet enough for manufacturing and export for generations to come. It only wants a very brief time in consideration to note the future probabilities of California. Here is a state with an area sufficiently large to permit the residence of fifty millions of people within its borders; here is soil for growth of grain, vegetables and frviits; here are mountain streams for irriga- tion and power for manufacturing: here are mild temperature and sunshine; here are metals, marbles, oils and all the essentials for production of food, building, raiment and furnishings. TO BE A GREAT ]\L4NUFACTURING CENTER. Here is enough of raw material to put many mil- lion at work and the transportation facilities to carry the products of these many millions to all parts of the world. The average rainfall ranges from ten to twenty inches in northern California and is less in the southern part of the state, but artesian wells and irrigation are expected to give a sufiiciency of mois- ture for crop raising. The mild weather of the winters in southern Cali- fornia is attracting a larger and a larger number of residents to Los Angeles, San Diego and other southern California cities every year, the conse- quence being a steady advance in real estate values, particularly in the suburbs of these cities. AGRICULTURISTS AND HORTICULTURISTS. To land seekers wishing to engage in agriculture or horticulture it will be interesting to know that in 1!107 there were over 30,000,000 acres of govern- ment land in California yet open for homestead settlement. To investigate farming or to engage in fruit raising it is well to go out to Bakersfield in Kern county and follow down the San Joaquin valley northward to San Francisco, stopping from time to time at the various towns on the way while pass- ing through Tulaip. Kings, Fresno, Mercer and other counties in the San Joaquin valley. This valley contains upward of 30,000 square miles, being nearly four times the size of Massachusetts. There are a dozen counties in this valley, but if the seeker for land can go no farther he should go into Kern, Tulare, Kings and Fresno counties at least. Three thousand oil wells are in Kern county and in this county can be seen the operation of one of the California irrigation systems. The great fruit orchards will interest the visitor in Tulare county. 26 California Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises COSX or PLANTING FRUIT ORCHARDS. Fruit land here costs from $50 to $75 per acre. The cost of preparation of the land and planting trees (apples, peaches or prunes) amounts to $2,i per acre of seventy-five trees. They come into bearing on the average on the fifth year. Four years care will cost about $24 an acre for this period. Counting interest on the investment and in- cidentals, by the time the fruit orchard comes into bearing the cost in this locality is $160 per acre. The crop of prunes, at three cents a pound, will yield $1.".0 per acre. Deducting $15 per acre for drying, $10 per acre for interest and $12 per acre for care and the net return is $112 per acre. Thus, suppose a person were to buy and put in ten acres of prunes, the profits per year, after the crop came into bearing, would be $1,120 per year. The returns would be the same for peaches or ap- ples. Various fruit j^nd land companies in Tulare county who capitalized their lands at $200 an acre have paid profits of from 27 to to 38 '/a per cent. There are 7,500 acres under cultivation in citrus fruits in Tulare county, with an output of 30,000,000 pounds a year, more than half of which are dried. PICKING AND PACKING FRUIT. The picking, packing, drying and canning of the crop calls for the services of some 4,000 people, mostly boys and uomen. Everybody in the county works while the rush is on. Girls in the packing houses and canneries make from $1 to $1.75 per day and boys, by whom most of the picking is done, make froni $1.50 to $2.50 per day. Orange land may be had at $25 to $100 per acre, the price depending upon whether the land is ready for use or must be developed by the purchaser. An orchard four years old begins to bear. The profits run from $125 to $200 per acre when in full bearing. Raisins are also an important product of Tulart county. When in full bearing, at si.x and seven years, the yield is from a ton to a ton and a half per acre, and the returns, when the market is nor- mal, average around $100 per acre. Raisin land in this district may be had at from $30 to $50 per acre. PRODUCTS OF FRESNO COUNTY. Fresno is a fine county containing 5.600 square miles, being larger than the state of Connecticut, and has a population of only about 41,000, of which nearly half live in Fresno city. The rainfall here is about ten inches a year. Fresno county produces annually two or three million bushels of wheat, besides other, grains, ten or fifteen million pounds of wool, a million dollars' worth of deciduous fruit, four or five million pounds of figs, hundreds of car loads of raisins and a mil- lion dollars' worth of wine. One creamery in Fresno (and there are six) produces 6.000 pounds of butter a day. These are but a fraction of the total product. Good raisin land may be had in Fresno county for $3.) an acre and upward. The returns are es- timated at $,S0 and $100 per acre. Figs pay $2.">o to $275 per acre. UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES. The entire state of California is a land of bound- less possibilities. The southern counties, including San Diego, Los Angeles, Riverside, Orange and San Bernardino counties, send 30,000 cars of oranges to eastern markets everj season and the growers make a profit of $250 to $400 an acre. There are broad ranges of land yet in southern California devoted to dry ranching, where thou- sands of acres are plowed with steam plows and wheat is harvested with great combination headers and threshers. This land, it is expected, will later, as the county settles up. come into fruit raising with greater profit. CONDENSED FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. .Altitude. Highest points, feet: Mt. Whitney. Tu- lare county, 14.SS7; Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou county, 14,442; Mt. Tyndall, Tulare county, 14,386; Mt. Kar- veah. Tulare Co., 14.000; Mt. Lyell. Mono county, 13.217; Mt. St. Bernardino. Bernardino county, 8,370; Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara county, 4,450; Mt. Lowe, Los .\ngeles county, 4,000; Mt. Diablo, Ala- meda county, 3,876. Climate. Average temperature: At Sacramento, Sacramento county, January 46, July 72. Highest 110, lowest 10 above zero. Rainfall 20.9 inches. At San Diego, San Diego county, January 54, July 67, highest 101, lowest 32. Rainfall 10.5 inches. History. Explored by Spanish 1542. San Diego founded by Spanish missionaries 17G!l, who estab- lished in all twenty-one missions in California e;v- tending- north from San Diego to San Francisco. Territory became part of Mexico 1822. Pioneers from United States entered 1826. Fremont's expe- dition 1844-5; gold found in Coloma, Eldorado county, 1848. Ceded by Mexico to United States, 1848. Notable places. Cliff House and Seal Rocks in San Francisco. Leland Stanford University at Palo Alto, Santa Clara county, thirty-four miles from the city. Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara county, 26 miles from San Jose, the latter place being 51 miles from San Francisco. The Yosemite valley, Mariposa county, containing six square miles shut in by sheer walls from 3,000 to 5,000 feet high. Near this valley are the big redwood trees in Calaveras and Mariposa counties. The Yosemite lies eastward of San Francisco some over one hun- dred miles. The guide books mention many other very inter- esting places to visit in California. Petrified Forest, Cal. About 80 miles from San Francisco, in the Napa Valley, in the vicinity of Calistoga, is situated the Petrified Forest, one of the most remarkable of wonders in California. Within a tract of 3 or 4 square miles, the tourist finds por- tions of nearly 100 trees turned to stone. Some pro- ject from the sides of the mountains, while others are found upon the surface. Their condition is attributed to the action of silica held in solution in the hot alk- aline water discharged by the neighboring Mount St. Helena. California Big Trees. Forty-seven miles from Milton Station, on the Stockton and Copperopolis (Cala.) Railway, the tourist comes upon the Cala- veras Big Trees, the highest of which tapers upward a distance of 435 feet, and has a circumference, near the ground, of 110 feet, while another, forty miles from Visalia, on King's River, measures 44 feet in diameter. This is the largest in California. The Mariposa group of forest giants comprises 600 trees, 125 of which are each over 13 feet thick, while sev- eral are from 30 to 33 feet in diameter. One, re- markable for its grand dimensions, rises to a height of 90 feet and there throws out a limb having a thickness of six feet. The route to the Yosemite Valley passes near these monsters. Calistoga, Cal. Encircled by wooded hills and mountains, in a small valley, is situated this Pacific Coast resort, which is principally distinguished for its twenty hot springs, with conveniences for enjoy- ing chemical, steam, vapor, or cold and hot water baths, and cottages and hotels for visitors. Among other attractions is the public warm plunge and swimming bath, occupying a space of forty feet square. The waters of the springs are freely impreg- nated with magnesia, sulphur and iron. The sur- rounding scenory embraces mountains, lawns, fields of grain, bowers, cosy dwellings, etc. The Yosemite Valley. Reached by four stage routes. Situated on the Merced River, Mariposa County, Cal., 220 miles (by road) from San Fran- cisco. The Valley contains a level plateau about 6 miles long and from % to 1 mile wide, and is sur- rounded by granite cliffs, rising almost perpendicular- ly to a height varying from 3.000 to 6.000 feet. From the tops of these cliffs spring magnificent and beauti- ful cataracts. All through the valley fiowers abound, relieved with plants and shrubs, and their varied hues and odors are delightful to the senses. The valley has been known since 1851, and is the prop- erty of the State, set apart for a public resort. The name Yosemite, given to it by the Indians, means "Large Grizzlv Bear." "El Capitan" is a solitary stone pillar, with a perpendicular elevation of 3.30O feet. The "Bridal Veil," a cataract of great beauty, falls over a cliff 900 feet high. Opposite to it is "The Virgin's Tears Creek," with a fall of 1,000 feet. "Cathedral Rock" is a granite pile, 2.660 feet high. "The Spires" are two graceful columns. "The Three Brothers" is a triplet group of rocks, the highest peak of which rises 3,830 feet. "Sentinel Rock" is 3.043 feet high. "The Yosemite Falls" is a grand piece of scenery, broken into cascades, the first hav- ing a fall of 1,500 feet; then shorter ones to a depth of 626 feet, and finally a plunge of 400 feet into the valley East of the Falls is a bold peak, rising 3,030 feet "above the valley. The "Half Dome," in the vicinity, is a granite crest risin.g nearly 5.000 feit above the vallev. "North Dome" is 3,568 feet high. "Vernal Fall" descends about 400 feet. The "Cap of Liberty " a huge mass of rock, is 2.000 feet high. "Nevada Fall" is nearly 600 feet high. The views from the various points of the valley reached by travelers are among the sublimest in the world. COLORADO STATE AND THE 61 COUNTIES OF COLORADO With Their Boundaries Location and Population COLORADO COrXTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. 1910 1 Moffat.. 2 Routt. . 7,561 3 Jackson. . 1,013 4 Larimer. .25,270 5 Weld. .39,177 6 Morgan. . 9,577 7 Logan. . 9,549 8 Sedgwick. . 3,061 9 Phillips. . 3,179 10 Rio Blanco. . 2,332 11 Garfield. .10,144 12 Eagle. . 2,985 13 Grand. . 1,862 14 Summit.. 2,003 15.... Clear Creek.. 5,001 16 Gilpin. . 4,131 17 Boulder.. 30,330 18 Jefferson. .14,231 19 Denver. 213,381 20 .\dams. .38,872 21 .\rapahoe. .10,263 22... Washington.. 6,002 23 Yuma. . 8,499 24 Mesa.. 22.197 25 Delta. .13,688 26 Gunnison.. 5,897 27 Pitkin.. 1,556 28 Lake.. 10,600 29 Chaffee. . 7,622 30 Park. . 2,492 31 Douglas. . 3,192 32 Elbert.. 5,331 33 Toller. .14,351 34. El Paso. .43,321 .35 Lincoln. . 5,917 36 Kit Carson. . 7,483 37 Cheyenne. . 3,687 38 Montrose. .10,291 39. . . .San Miguel. . 4,700 40 Dolores. . 642 41 Ouray. . 3,514 42 San Juan. . 3,063 43 Hinsdale.. 646 44 Mineral. . 1,293 45.... Rio Grande.. 6,563 46 i^aguache.. 4,160 47 Tremont. .18,181 48 Custer. . 1,947 49 Pueblo. .52,223 50 Otero. .20,201 51 Kiowa. . 2,899 52 Bent. . 5,053 53 Prowers. . 9,520 54. . . . Montezuma. . 5,029 55 La Plata. .10,812 56 Archuleta.. 3,302 57 Conejos. .11,285 58 Costilla. . 5,498 59 Huerfano. .13.320 60... Las Animas. .33,643 61 Baca. . 2.516 Total 799,024 M^P* ©F %::... A.d... M, :f - .jC(H^ORAD0i :,.^ .,,._ M^,^ .■^.^,^^^-. ■-- .- I •..—'- . -.-^. ^ ^ 1 1 1 a IS ! 2 ( 3 \ 4 i 5 ■ I 1 r 9 .^ 10 rlJ 13 ; 17 I I i 1 ^ 32 T 22 I 23 > r ?? 36 r_ 25_ J 26 29 \ :"\ 40^y42L I V'_._^_. 54 ^ cc [-'~~s ^ ^ 56 i 57 I <- 34 ^-.J3S 1 37 1 > l_ S_ _/ 47 'i ^: ,J 1:-- 59 ■f 49 SO i 52 I 53 [? >-l.. i / 55 58 60 H m M K e s^ 61 m n. t ^ COI.ORARO TOWNS WITH 1910 POPl'T..4TIONS. Loca. Pop. Aguilar . *Akron . . Alamosa -Mma . . . Amity .. Animas . AntonitO Argo . . . Arloa . . . .\rvada * Aspen Atwood . Ault . .. . Aurora Avondale .. .60. ..22. '.'.'.'57'. ... 30 . ... 53 . . . .55. . ..57. ...19. ... 54 . .. .18. 27. 7. 5. . . .20. 49. Bald Mountain. 16. Basalt 12. Bayfield 55. Beacon 60 . Berthoud 4. Berwind 60. Blackhawk . . .16. Blanca 58. *Boulder 17. • Breckenridge . 14 . * Brighton 20. Biodhead 60. Brookside 47 . Brush 6. *Buena Vista. .29. *Burlington . .36. Calsite 47. *Canon City . .47. Capulin 57. Carbondale . . .11 . Carnero 46. *Castle Rock . .31 . . . 858 . . 647 .3,013 . . 301 . . 251 . . 201 .681 . . 201 . . 202 . . 841 .1,834 . . 251 . . 569 . . 679 . . 251 . . 801 . . 235 . . 227 . . 350 . . 758 . . 602 . . 668 . . 351 .9,539 . .834 . . 851 . . 352 . . 201 . . 997 .1,041 . .368 . . 202 .5.162 . . 600 . . 284 . . 251 . . 365 Towns Loca. Pop. Cedaredge Center ♦Central City *Cheyenne Wells Coalcreek . . . Cokedale .... Colorado City ♦Colorado Springs . . . Como *Cone.1os .... ♦Cortez Coventry .... *Craig Crawford . . . Creede 44. Crested Butte. .20. Crestone 46. ♦Cripple Creek. 33. Cucharas .59. Curtis 34. D Delagua 60. *Del Norte . . . .45. ♦Delta 25. Denver (capital I ... .19. Dolores 54. ♦Durango 55. E Eaton 5. Edgewater ... .18. Edith 56. Elkton 33. El Moro 60. Engle 60. Englewood ... .21 . Erie 5. Espinoza ..... .57. Estes Park 4. Evans 5. . . 295 . . 385 .1,782 ,..272 . . 676 . . 502 ..4.333 29,078 . 411 . 301 . 565 . 401 . 392 . 201 . 741 . 904 . 231 6,206 . 351 . 502 958 843 ,388 213,381 ...821 . . 4,680 .1,157 . . 712 . . 293 . . 301 . . 351 . . 801 .2,983 . . 596 . 401 . 301 . . 602 Loca. P< p. ♦Fair Play. . . . Florence Florissant . . . . ♦Fort Collins Fort Garland. Fort Logan . . . Fort IjUpton . . ♦Fort Morgan Fountain . . . . Fowler Frederick ... Fruita Galatea Gary ♦Georgetown . Gilman ♦Glenwood Springs . . . ♦Golden .... Goldfield Gorham ♦Grand June. Granite Graycreek . . ♦Greeley .... Gro.nmet .... Guffev Gulch ♦Gunnison Gypsum .30. .47. .33. ..4. .58. .21 . . .6. .34. .50. .51. .6. .15. .12. . . 265 2,712 .' . '268 .8,212 . . 201 .2,501 . . 614 .2,802 . . 431 . . 925 . . 266 . . 881 . 201 . 202 . 952 . 351 .11. .18. .33. .17. .24. .29. .55. .30. .26. .12. II Hastings ■ . Haxtum Hayden . . Henderson Hesperus Highpark Holly . . . . ♦Hoiyoke .60. .20. .55. .33. .53. . .9. .2,019 .2.477 .1,112 . . 352 .7,754 . . 251 . 576 .8,179 . . 400 . . 302 . . 40! .1.026 . . 301 693 341 314 302 201 251 724 659 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 28 Colorado Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations— Continued Toiciis Lovii. Pop. Hotchkiss 25. . . . 602 Howardsvilie .42. . . . 301 •Hugo 35 343 I Idaho Springs. 15. . .2,154 Ideal 59. . . . 252 Independence .33. . . . 801 J Jasper 45. . . . 301 ♦Julesburg 8. . . . 962 K Kersey 5. . . . 304 Kline 55 501 L Lafayette 17... 1,892 La Jara 57 448 *La Junta 50. . .4,154 *Lake City. . . 43. . . . 405 * Lamar 53. . .2,977 *Las Animas. . .52 .. .2,011 La Veta 59. . . . 691 *Leadville 28...7..508 Limon 35 534 ♦Littleton 21... 1,373 Loma 24. . . . 801 Longmont 17... 4, 256 Louisville 17... 1,706 Loveland 4. . .3,651 Lujane 38. . . . 202 Lupton 5. . . . 501 Lyons 17 ... . 632 M McKissick 5. . . . 201 Maitland 59. . . . 351 Toil II f Locii. Pop. .57. .54. .34. .50. .26. .10. .12. Manassa . Mancos . . Manitou Manzanola Marble . . . ♦Meeker Minturn Montclair 19. Monte Vista. . .45. ♦Montrose . . . .38. Morrison 18. Mountain View. 18. Mt. Morrison . .18. N Nederland Nevadaville . . New Castle. .. . New Windsor. ♦North Creede. North Long- mont 17. Norwood 39. O Oak Creek 2. Olathe 38. Ordway 50. Ortiz 57. *Ouray 41 . Overland 19. Oxford 55. *Pagosa Springs P-aisaje . Palisades 17. .16. .11. . .5. .44. . . 788 . . 567 .1,359 . . 428 . . 782 . . 807 . . 341 . . 415 .2,544 . 3,254 . . 251 . . 391 . . 351 . . 446 . . 367 . . 493 .1,503 .1,101 . . 262 . . 212 , . 458 . . 705 . . 501 .1.644 . . 351 . . 501 Loca. Pop. 56. . . . 669 57. . . . 201 24. . . . 903 Paonia .25. .1,011 I'erigo .16. . . 201 Pierce ..5. . . 352 Pitkin .26. .. 253 PlattevilU' . . . 5. . . 433 I>ortland .47. . . 601 Primero .60. .2,011 ♦Pueblo .49. .44,395 B Radiant .47. .. 201 Ramah .34. . . 201 ♦Redcliff .12. . . . 383 ♦Rico .40. . . . 368 Ridgway .41. . . . 376 Rifle .11. . . . 698 Rock Creek . . . .12. . . . 351 Rocky Ford. . . .50. .3,231 Romeo .57. . . . 201 Rosemont . . . . .33. . . . 501 Roswell .34. . . . 351 Roubideau . . . .25. . . . 203 Rouse . 59 . . . . 551 Rugby 60. . . . 353 Russell Gulch .16. . . . 702 Rye .49. . . . 253 S Salida .29. . .4,425 San Rafael . . .57. ...261 Sanford .57. ... 564 ♦San Luis . . . ..58. ... 903 . .8. ... 201 Segundo .... .60. . . . 602 Sheridan .... .21. ... 498 ♦Silver Cliff . .48. . . . 253 Silver Plume. .15. . . . 462 Towns Loca. Pop. ♦Silverton 42 . . .2,153 Sneffels 41. ... 751 Somerset 36 421 Sopris 60. ... 302 South Canon. . .47. ..1,321 South Canon. . .11. ... 203 Starkville 60... 1,003 Steamboat Springs 2. . .1,227 ♦Sterling 7. . .3,044 Sugar City .50 808 Superior 17 349 Swink 50 310 T ♦Telluride 39... 1,756 Teroio 60. . . . 501 Thonmsville ...27.... 302 Tioga 59 253 ♦Trinidad 60.. 10,204 V Valvede 19. . . . 665 Victor 33... 3,162 W ♦Walsenburg ..59... 2,423 Wellington 4.... 459 Westcliffe 48 232 Weston 60 601 Whitehorn ... .47 ... . 503 Williamsburg .47. . . . 556 Windsor 5. . . . 935 ♦Wray 23. . .1,001 Y Vampa 2 332 Yuma 23. . . . 333 COLORADO A YOUNG STATE — A MOST INTERESTING STATE OF GRE.AT POSSIBIIvITIES IN MINING, AGRICULTURE, PLEASURE AND HEALTH RESORTS. For wild picturesque scenery in a State more than three times the size of New York, where mountain elevations are more than 14,000 feet high, where 500 lakes and 6,000 miles of trout streams afEord oppor- tunity for fishing, where panthers, grizzl.v bears, wild cats, wolves, foxes, badgers, beavers, antelope, ducks, geese, rabbits, squirrels, doves, and inountain quail make opportunity for hunting, where 340 sunshin.v days in the year make an atmosphere so clear that objects can be seen one hundred miles away, where on the broad mesas and elevated plateaus the life- gi^ing air is so full of ozone as to make the whole region one grand sanitarium; where there are 12,000 miles of irrigating- ditches which water 4,000,000 acres, 2,000,000 of which are under cultiva- tion; where there are yet over 26,000,000 acres of government land ready for homestead settlement — wanting to investigate all this, and a good deal more, the land seeker maj- look up a railroad guide and learn that a two thousand mile ride from the Atlantic cities, and a thousand-mile journey from the central cities of the I'nited States will take him into the center of this State, and to the capital of Colorado, where the rocks, the mines, the cascades, the tunnels and the singular freaks of nature will be found to have surpassed any description we can give of the State. A LONG, DREARY RIDE. Going westward from the Central States it may seem a dreary lide across the prairie and desert regions before reaching the destination, but all at once he will be surprised by entry into one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and the surprise is all the greater when it is known that the State has been settled but fifty years and came into the Union only about thirty years ago. The Capitol Cit.v of this young State is Denver, named from Gen. James W. Denver, a former gov- ernor of Kansas Territory, of which Colorado was then a pa It. F.\CTS ABOUT DENVER. Here are some facts about Denver. It has a popula- tion of 214.0(10; is located ."i.2(IO feet above sea level; has 15.^ miles of street car lines; l.")5 churches; 73 public school buildings; 11 colleges and academies; a public library containing 7.5,000 volumes; 4 daily papers; 20 clubs; 23 hospitals and asylums; ."> na- tional banks; 11 parks, one of them covering 330 acres; 7 theaters: 2 summer gardens, and many fine hotels. An excellent way to see Denver is by "Seeing Denver" cars and automobiles, which make the cir- cuit of the city several times each day during the summer season. These cars leave from central points and take one not only through the city itself but through the suburbs. CANNOT DO JUSTICE TO THIS SUBJECT. It is impossible in our sketch to enumerate the many interesting places to visit in Colorado, and it is equally difficult to describe the general appearance of the region. One writer says: "The Bock.v Mountains, in their majestic sweep through the North .American continent, culminate midway in their course, and within the limits of the State of Colorado. Here is the 'crest of the continent' — its supremest uplift — where from a vast central plateau, itself 6,000 feet above the sea, rise hundreds of granite peaks into the regions of perpetual snow. Here the waters of a continent are divided and great rivers flowing to either ocean have their source. Here are canons and gorges, aweinspiring and stu- pendous, which testify to the hoary age of the moun- tains they cut asunder; and a score of peak- encircled parks; any one of which might constitute a principality. "Here are the continent's treasure vaults, where vein? of gold and silver seam the granite mountains. "Here are medicinal springs for healing and re- freshment; and here, under skies of deepest blue, lies a sun-bathed land with a climate whose delights and perf<»otions the lowland dweller may not know." 29 Colorado Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises UNABLE TO DESCRIBE ALL. But omitting descriptions of many interesting places we note two points: Colorado Springs and Manitou. The first with a population of 25,01)0 people, the last with half that number in the tourist season. Colorado Springs is a resting spot for people who enjoy climate and scenery. It has broad streets and many beautiful homes. It is the quiet meeting place for the successful miner who comes down from the mountains to greet his friends from the East. It is the delightful rendezvous of wealth.v cattle raiser, the rich tourist, and the invalid who has been in- structed to go somewhere into sunshine and take up residence in pure invigorating air. But a shoit distance away is Manitou, the "Sara- toga of the West.". Nestling right here at the foot of Pike's Peak, in a charmin.g valley through which runs a rapid stream at all seasons is this town, filled with tourists throughout the summer season. There are fourteen springs in all, no two of them alike, and cne of them the largest known soda spring in the world. Five large hotels, several smaller ones, and many boarding-houses, here are filled to their utmost ca- pacity during the summer. OPPORTUNITIES FOB PERMANENT SETTLERS. But leaving the watering places and pleasure re- sorts for the enjoyment of those who are tem- porarily in the State, we will examine the induce- ments that offer new settlers in Colorado. Wherever there are mountains there are valleys between, and many of these in Colorado include broad plateaus, and nowhere in the United States is there better opportunity for the study of irrigation and its effects on crops than in this State. To the American farmer irrigation is almost a new thing. There has never been any necessity for him to consider it in the wonderful growth of this repub- lic He has in his achievements, up to the present time, been independent of all things artificial in his work upon the virgin soil he plowed, and has been content with the timely rains that fell upon it. But with the rapid spread of population much arid soil is found which can only be made habitable by artificial water supply. ORIGINATORS OF IRRIGATION IN THIS REGION. The Mormons were the first to intelligentl.v apply irrigation in the territory now occupied by the United States. They had come far away from civilization at the East and settled in a region so hopelessly arid thai it was a certainty no one could ever molest them there. But in order to live they must have moisture for their fields. They brought it from the mountain streams then running to waste, and the fertile fields of Utah testify to the worth of irrigation. The next experiment, on a considerable scale, was at Greeley, Colorado. There the fanners, through much costly experience, have finally triumphed over sand and sage, rock and alkali, reclaimed the wnste land, and made a model fruit and farm land, which has taught important lessons to others in the recla- mation of arid land in Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California. AVe explain this elsewhere. Like the annual overflow of the river Nile which enriches the Egyptian valleys, so the life-giving ele- ments in irrigatng water is of itself an important means of fertilization. A striking illustration of the effect of irrigation is shown in the valley of the Arkansas river in Prowers, Bent, and Otero counties, a region where formerly there was only alkali, sage brush and sand. To wit- ness this go southward from Colorado Springs forty miles to Pueblo, th?nee east about TOO miles. Some- body turned the waters of the Arkansas into the river valley in the vicinity of Rockyford. Otero County, and, behold, that barren valley became a garden spot where land yields fiO bushels of wheat to the acre, 6 tons of alfalfa to the acre, '25 tons of sugar beets, and 300 bushels of sweet potatoes to the acre. ORIGIN OF THE ROCKYFORD MELON. Here adjoining the Arkansas river, is the thriving young city of Rockyford, a town of 2,. 500 people, and here is the home of the original Rockyford canta- loupe, which ht.s an established reputation in all the markets of the country. It is here where orders are received for the Rocky- ford cantaloupe seed, the rich irrigated land here turning out in some cases 400 pounds of seed per acre. The merit of this melop !■■ that it always grows a uniform size, such that 45 melons can be packed in a standard crate 12x12x24. permitting dealers to make quotations nn Rockyfords, knowing the quality of the melon and the exact number in a crate. From this seed sent out it is estimated that there are now over 0(1,00(1 acres of Rockyford cantaloupes being cultivated and that there are 7,000 carloads consumed everj six months. MELONS AND SUGAR BEETS. But what can be said of the irrigated land in the Arkansas river valley in relation to melons may be said of sugar beets, cabbages, tomatoes, cucumbers, asparagus, parsr ;os, carrots, apples, plums, cherries, peaches and all the small fruits. In the purchase of farm property the land seeker will remember that price is measured generally by the capacity of land to yield money return. Thus, land at $2.50 and .$ij00 per acre may be cheap, depend- ing on improvements and profit to be obtained, while land at $5 per acre may be dear. Thus irrigated land in the vicinity of Rocky Ford is worth from $200 to !|;."iOO per acre, but equally as good land in this region may be bought at a price varying from $30 per acre upwards. Before leaving Colorado, the land seeker should return by way of Pueblo to Gunnison and thence to Montrose, in Montrose County. The United States Government is at work in Mont- rose and Delta counties, for the purpose of utilizing rivers in these counties which will irrigate 120,000 acres of land. Irrigation projects by the government are also in contemplation in the vicinity of Green Junction, Mesa County, and along the White and Yampa Rivers in Routt and Rio Blanco Counties. See our mention of these elsewhere. The Montrose and Delta project is expected to cost about $3,. 500,000. People who are attracted by Colorado climate and wish to buy fertile land in this State will do well to go to Montrose and there study the prospects for new settlers in the Uncompatigre valley. Altitude. — Highest points, Feet: Sierra Blanca 14,483. Pike's Peak, 14,271 and over forty mountains over 14,000 feet high. Climate. — Average annual temperature at Denver: January, 27 degrees above; July. 72; highest, 10.5; lowest, 29 below; rainfall, yearly 141/2 inches. Dimensions. — Extreme breadth, east to west, 375 miles. Extreme length north to south. 270 miles. Histor.v. — Colorado was partially explored by Lieut. Pike in 1806, and in 1810 by Col. Long, from whom Long's Peak is named. The American Fur Company followed in 1832 and Fremont in 1842-4. In 1854 colonists founded Connejos in the Rio Grande valley. Gold discovered in the northern part of the State in 1858. In 1850 thrifty intelligent settlers came in. The Rock.v Mountain News was published. In 1861 the Territory of Colorado was established with 9 counties. Admitted to the Union in 1876 as "The Centennial State." Notable Places. — Denver, Manitou Springs, and over twenty points described in the guide books where there are famous mountain resorts, fine parks, hot springs, mineral and other springs. SPECIAL COLOR-4DO FEATURES OF INTEREST. John Sebastian, in behalf of the Rock Island, has lately issued a work on Colorado, from which we copy the following; COLORADO: WHY IT ATTR.\CTS. THE IDE.\L VAC.\TION-L.4ND. To an.v one who has not been to Colorado the fact that so many thousands of people do go each suminer for a period of rest or recreation must cer- tainly suggest that theie are strong reasons for it. One is at a loss to know where to begin in set- ting foith these reasons, for they are many and of equal importance. First of all, Colorado is a state so completely unlike the one in which you live that you must see it if you are to fully realize what a wonderful country is this of the Stars and Stripes. Colorado is a wide, free land of mountain heights and canon depths, of grassy plain and high plateau. It is a land of clear pure air and golden sunshine. It is a land of sparkling mountain streams and glassy-surfaced lakes. It is a land of many kinds of fish and fowl — wild animals roam the more inacccEsible portions of the mountain country, emergin.g even to the remote lower levels. 30 Colorado, a Most Interesting Region for Tourist and Traveler Should jou seek liealth, or rest, or sport, or any of the various forms of pleasure, ranging from restful enioyment to venturesome quest, Colorado will provide the one and the all, and of such a kind as to captivate and to bring you back another season to taste again the joys of the Rocky Moun- tain region. Colorado is pre-eminently the place to do thiiigrs, and to enjoy immensely the doing. There is not a dull moment in the program of the Color- ado visitor If one seeks the pleasure of gay com- pmy he may have it in abundance. If one seeks a quiet solitude in which to forget the whirl of busi- ness or of social life, and to get near to Nature in a mountain camp, then Colorado offers the Very best place to enjoy each form, of pastime. If one is not ready to relinquish the comforts and conveniences of city life. — lo! Colorado's eount- 'ess resorts offer up-to-date hotels, or less pre- tentious stopping places, where every wish is grati- fied, withal at reasonable cost. A very important factor in Colorado's popular- ity is its central location and ready acceslbility •from any section of the country. There are one-night trains from Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City, while the service from a score of other large cities in the middle west is equally good. And it is but a two-nights' trip from the Atlantic seaboard to the Rocky Moun- tains. With the double purpose of making it easy of reach for those of moderate purse and of making it the Mecca of the many, the custom is to grant throughout the summer, very low rates for the I'ound-trip to Colorado from all quarters. Fre- quently special excursions are arranged which bring the cost of the trip to a minimum. To him who would try Colorado for this sea- son's outing, the word is: watch the newspapers and the magazines for announcement of this sea- son's rates. It will pay to do so. Very favorable arrangements will be made to give you an oppor- tunity to taste the "high life" in Colorado. Denver, Colorado Springs, Manitou and Glen- wood are the best known and most popular of Colorado's resorts. It may seem odd to include Denver, a city of IS.j.OOO, in this category, but it belongs there. Denver is a siunmer resort, as well as a rich and beautilul city. Its hotels are maintained very largely for the accommodation of summer visit- ors. It is a place where one could spend a month to excellent advantage. It is the best starting point for a large number of attractive one-day trips to and through the mountains. It has scores of good res- taurants, hundreds of boarding houses, parks, sum- mer gardens, and a street railway system that his fev,' equals. The mountains are only thirty miles awa> — they look much closer, but they are really quite a long way off. Colorado Springs is the aristocrat of Colorado cities, the home of several thousand unusually well- to-do and exceptionally cultivated people from all parts of *he country. It has fewer hotels than Denver and their variety, especially in the matter of price, is not as great. But for the inan or woman who wants to get away from the noise and racket of a big city, and yet feels the need of having right at hand the conveniences and comforts of metropolitan life, Colorado Springs is ideal. A MOST DELIGHTFUL PLEASURE RESORT. .Alanitou has been called the "Saratoga of the West." and worthily does it bear the title. Very much smaller than Colorado Springs, it, neverthe- less, in the course of a summer, entertains more lieople. It is a pleasure resort, first, last and all the time. In this respect it differs from Colorado Springs, which is essentially a city of homes. Manitou has half a dozen large hotels and per- haps twice as many smaller ones, to say nothing of innumerable boarding houses. The springs and the hotel ballrooms are Manitou's centers of activity. In the season, any time from July 1 to the middle of September, Manitou is as gay as anyone would want. Glenwood lies in the very heart of the Rock- ies, about 300 miles west of Colorado Springs. Its location is magnificent, in a valley through which flows one of the largest of Colorado's rivers. It is referred to at length elsewhere in this publication. Meanwhile, it may be said that mention is here made of it — and this is true also of Denver, Color- ado Springs and Manitou — simply in order that the reader may know, before he arrives in Colorado. what are the dominant characteristics of its four leading resorts. Superficial as the comment has been, it is, nevertheless, sufficient to give liim a key to all four places. However, it is only fair, not only to Colorado, but to the prospecti\e visitor as well, to say that two of the four leading resorts of Colorado have little or nothing about them that is distinctively Coloradan. This is not intended as a reflection on either place. It means that with the exception of the always glorious climate, Manitou and Denver might be reproduced in any one of half a dozen other states without being out of harmony w-ith their surroundings. DIFFERENT FROM MOST RESORTS. Colorado is fortunate in possessing a number of resorts that are "different" from the general run of summering places. Their nam.es? Estes Park is such a place. So, in a way, are the pretty lodges in Platte Canon. So are any number of the smaller towns and resort places in the interior. They are located on the sides of mountains, on the banlts of streams where famous fishing is to be had, or near springs whose waters come bubbling to the earth's surface — queer of taste, hot to the touch, but "wonderfully good for you." These are the places that are truly and typic- ally Coloradan. _ These are the places where one gets in touch «ath good old Mother Earth; where, for the first time in years, perhaps, one really real- izes how beautiful is the blue sky and how fine is a lungful of air, fresh from snowy peaks. It is to these out-of-the-way comers that your true lover of Nature hies. Not for him the great hotel, with its army of servants and crowded hall- ways. Not for him the gay promenade of beauty and fashion. He would woo the sweetest of all mistresses. Dame Nature herself. And so. for a period, his letters bear queer superscriptions: "Such-and-such a place, Routt County, by stage from Eagle, via Bogg's Ferry." The really best way to see Colorado is to go first to Denver or Colorado Springs. There one can get one's bearings. They are the tourist's head- quarters, the railroad and business centers of the State, the places from which all roads lead into the interior. North of Denver is a rich, irrigated region; east, the rolling plains, sloping gently to- \\ards the Missouri: west, a veritable sea of moun- tains; south lie those gems of cities. Colorado Springs and Manitou. and beyond is Pueblo — the "Pittsburg of the West." One more paragraph and this rambling chapter is finished. You will wish to know what sort of clothes to wear in Colorado. That depends largely on what you intend doing there. If you expect to spend most, if not all, of your time in the cities, rather than to "rough it," you should take with you cloth- ing of the weight and texture you would wear at home at that time of the year. A light overcoat. or a wrap, should be included, as should an um- brella or a raincoat. You will, of course. ha\e with you clothing for all the social occasions that are likely to arise. A pair of stout shoes, a soft hat and an old suit — these for mountain climbing, etc. — are also desirable. COLORADO'S SCENERY AND CLIMATE ARE COMP.\RED WITH SWITZERL.IND. Just why the Alps should be so often referred to when the Rockies are mentioned is inexplicable to those knowing both. While the Alps have isolated peaks such as Jlont Blanc (I.t.781 feet), and the Matterhorn (14.836 feet), the mean elevation of the highest Alpine chain is only from 8.000 to 9,000 feet. Colorado possesses more than 120 peaks of over 1.S..-.00 feet, of which no fewer than thirty-five are higher than 14,000 feet. The highest village in Europe is Avers Platz in Switzerland (7..")00 feet). The highest inhabited point in Europe is the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland (8.200 feet). In Colorado the min- ing town of Leadville, with l.'J.OOO inhabitants, is over 10.000 feet above sea level. Other mining camps are still higher and some gold and silver mines are worked at an elevation of over 13,000 feet. In Switzerland the cog-railroad from Vitznau to the summit of the Rigi Kulm (.5,900 feet I, has a length of four and a half miles, in which the ascent is 4,072 feet. In Colorado the cog-railroad from Manitou to the stmimit of Pike's Peak (14.147) has a length of eight and three-quarters miles, in which the ascent is 8.100 feet or an average of 846 feet per mile, the maximum grade being 1 320 feet. 31 CONNECTICUT STATE AND THE 8 COUNTIES OF CONNECTICUT With Their Boundaries Location and Population of CONNECTICUT COUNTIES COUNTIES Pop. 1910 . . Litchfield. .70 . . . Hartford. 250 . ... Tolland.. 26 . . Windham. .48 . . . Fairfield. 245 Xew Haven. 337 . . Middlesex. .45 New Landon. ,91 260 182 459 361 322 382 637 ,253 Cities and Villages of CONNECTICUT Loca. Pop. Abington Adams ... Addison . . Allingtown Andover . Ansonia . . Ash lord .4 300 .5 200 .2 300 .6 300 .3 384 .6. .15,152 .4 700 Avon 3... 1,077 Bakersville 1 600 Ballouville 4 250 Baltic 8 500 Bantam 1 . . . . 500 Beacon Falls. . . .6. . . . 623 Bean Hill 8 450 Berlin 2 950 Bethany 6. . . . 517 Bethel 5... 3,327 Bethlehem 1. . . . 576 Black Hall 8 250 Bloomfield 2... 1,513 Boardman 1. . . . 300 Bolton 3. . . . 450 Bottsford 5 700 Bozrah Street... 8 399 Bozrahvillc 8. . . . 200 Branchville . . . .5. . . . 230 Branford 6. . .5.706 *Bridgeport 5.102,054 Biidgewater . . .1. . . . 600 Jiristol 2... 6,268 Broad Brook .. .2 ... 1,300 Brookfield 5 600 Brookfield Center 5. . . . 400 Brooklvn 4... 2,358 Buck land 2. . . . 400 Burlington 2... 1,218 Burnside 2... 1,256 Canaan 1. . .1,803 Cannon Station. 5. .. . 203 Canterbury 4. . . . 300 Canton Center.. .2. ... 200 Centerbrook .... 7 ... . 300 Center Groton ... 8 ... . 750 Central Village. 4. .. 1,021 Chaplinville . . . .1. . . . 335 Chaplin 4. . . . 529 (Cheshire 6... 1,389 Cheshire Sta. . . .6. . . . 400 TOWNS OF CONNECTICUT WITH 1910 POPULATION. Totcii.s Loca. Pop. Chester 7... 1,328 Chesterfield ... .8 266 Clarks Falls 8 300 Clinton 7. . .1,384 Clintonville ......... 200 Cobalt 7. ... 321 Colchester 8... 1,990 Colebrook 1 684 Colebrook River 1 684 Collinsville 2... 2,100 Columbia 3. . . . 540 Comstocks Bridge 8 200 Coscob 5 . . . . 500 Cranbury 5. . . . 500 Cromwell 7... 2,031 D ♦Danbury 5. .30,234 Danielson 4. . .5,335 Darien 5. . .2,016 Davville 4 400 Deep River . . . . 7 . . .1,484 Derby 6. . .8,991 Durham 7. . . . 500 Durham Center. 7 381 E Eaglevillp 3 East Berlin 2 East Canaan . . . . 1 Eastford 6 Eastford 4 East Glast'bury.2 East Granby. . . .2 East Haddam. . .7 East Hampton. .7 East Hartford.. 3 East Hartland . .2 East Haven 6 East Killingly . .4 East Eynne ... .8 East Norvvalk...5 Easton 5 300 780 500 2.50 300 350 684 900 ,400 ,000 297 ,167 700 836 .500 300 Town.'! Loca. Pop. East Port Chester 5... 2,000 East River 6. . . . 330 East Thompson. 4. . . . 275 East Windsor... 3 233 East Windsor Hill 2 425 East Woodstock. 4. . . . 350 Ellington 3... 1,829 Elliot 4 200 Elmwood 2 300 Enfield 2. . . . 8.50 Esse.x 7... 2,800 F Fairfield 5... 1,539 Falls Village I . . . . 600 Farmington . . . .2. . .1,333 Forestville 2... 3, 207 G Gaylordsville . . .1 400 Georgetown . . . .ii. . . . 500 Gildersleeve . . . . 7 . . . 1,456 Gilead 3 350 Glasgo 8 800 Glastonbury . . . .2 . . . 1,700 Glenbrook 5. . . . 320 Glenville 5. . . . 800 Goshen 1 . . . . 520 Granby 2 . . . . 571 Greenfield Hill . .5. .. 1,000 Greenwich 5. . .5,072 Griswold 8. . . . 466 Grosvenor Dale. 4.... 900 Groton 8. . .5,326 Guilford 6... 2, 763 Gurleyville 3 227 H Haddam 7 400 Hadlyme 8 200 Hallville 8 400 Hamburg 8. . . . 365 Towii.'i Loca. Pop. Hamden 6... 4,662 Hampton 4. . . . 479 Hanover 8 400 Hartford rcapital I 2.. 98,915 Harwinton 1... 1,213 Hawleyville . . . .5. . . . 600 Hazardville 3... 1.200 Hazardville Sta. 2. . . . 534 Hebron 3 416 Higganum 7... 1,000 Highland Park . .3 . . . . 350 Highridge 5. . . . 535 Highwood 6. . . . 350 Hockanum 2. . . . .500 Hopewell 2 500 Hotchkissville . .1 400 Huntington . . . .5. . . 1.000 Ivoryton 7 . . . . 650 J Jewett City 8... 2, 224 K Kensington . . . .2 . . . 1,668 Kent 1 400 Kibbe 3. . . . 200 Killingwoilh . . .7. . . . 651 L Lakeville 1... 1,075 Lebanon 8. . .1,221 Ledyard 8 936 Liberty Hill. . . .8. . . . 200 Lime Rock 1 . . . . 750 *Litchfield 1... 3,300 Long Hill 5 400 Longridge 5. . . . 430 31 Madison 6. . . . 918- Manchester . . . . 2 . . . 3,626 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- i;\tion. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. Connecticut Cities and Villages With 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Manchester Green 2 335 Mansfield 3. . . . 200 Mansfield Center.3. . . . 350 Mansfield Depot. 3. . . . 250 Marble Dale. . . .1. . . . 220 Marion 2. . . . 279 Marlboro 2. . . . 257 Mechanicsville .4.... 700 Meriden 6. .27,265 Mianus 5. . . . 500 Middleburv . . . .6. . . . 736 Mlddlefield 7. . . . 645 Middle Haddam.7 550 *Middletown ...7.. 11,851 Milford 6... 3,683 Milldale 3. . . . 350 Mill Plain 5 400 Millstone 8. . . . 200 Milltown 8. . . . 500 Monroe 5. . . . 300 Montowese 1 . . . . 550 Montvilk 8. . .1,010 Montville Sta. . .8 667 Moodus 7. . .1,200 Moosup 4... 2,000 Morris 1 . . . . 400 Mount Carrnel. .6. . . . 650 Mystic 8... 3,000 N Naugatuck 6. Nepaug 1 . New Britain . . . .2 . New Canaan .... 5 . New Fairfield. . .5. New Hartford. . .1 . *New Haven . . .6. Newington 3. Newington Jet.-. 2. •New London... 8. *New Milford. . .1. New Preston. . . . 1 . Newtown 5. Niantic 8. Nichols 5. Noank 8. Norfolk 1. Noroton 5. Noroton Heights.5. North Ashford..4. North Branford.6. North Canton. . .2 . Northfield 1. Northford 6. North Franklin. 8. North Granby . . . 2 . North Grosvenor Dale 4. North Guilford. .6. North Haven . ". .6. North Stamford. 5. No. Stonington. .8. Northville 1. North West- chester 8. North Wilton. . .5. North Windham. 4. North Woodbury. 1. No. Woodstock. .4. . .8,041 . . . 445 .43,916 . .2,968 . . . 584 . .2,241 133,605 . . . 694 . . . 347 . 19,659 ..5,000 . . . 475 ..3,276 ..1,000 . . . 300 ..1,750 ..1,614 . . . 600 . . . 500 . . . 200 . . . 362 . . . 200 . . . 600 . . . 367 . . . 546 . . . 415 ..2,900 . . . 500 . .2,164 . . . 852 . . . 500 . . . 400 . . . 250 ...389 . . . 200 . . . 700 . . . 350 Loca. Pop. Norwalk 5. •Norwich 8. Norwichtown . . .8. O Oakdale 8. Oakville 1. Occum 8. Old Lyme 8. Old Mystic 8. Old Saybrook. . .7. Oneco 4. Orange 6. Ore Hill 1. Oronoque 5. Oxford 6. , .6,954 20,367 ,.1,309 . . 335 . . 600 . . 300 . . 730 . . 400 .1,431 . . 409 .1,298 . . 254 . . 657 . . 953 Packerville ... .4. Palmerton 8. Pequabuck 1. Pine Meadow ..1. Pineorchard ... .6. Plainfield 4. Plainville 3. Plantsville 5. Pleasant Valley. 1. Plymouth 1. Pomfret 4. Pomfret Center. 4. Poquetanuck . . .8. Poquonock 3. Poquonock Bridge 8. Portland 7. Preston 8. •Putnam 4. . . 200 .1,010 . . 350 . . 518 . . 500 .1,300 .3,189 . . 310 . . 300 . . 738 . . 500 . . 531 . . 500 . . 900 . . 350 . 3,586 .1,507 .6,637 Q Quaker Hill 8. Quinebaub 4. , . 200 . . 300 B Rainbow 2. Redding 5. Redding Ridge .5. Reynolds Bridge. 1. Ridgebury 5. Ridgefield 5. Riverbank 5. Riverside 5. Riverton 1. Rockfall 7. Rockville 3. Rockyville 3. Roundhill 5. Rowayton 5. Roxbury 1 . Roxbury Falls.. 1. Roxbury Station. 1. . . 312 . . 400 . . 240 . . 300 . . 250 .3,626 . . 300 . . 240 . . 200 . . 300 .7,977 .1,036 .1,000 .1,116 . . 400 . . 200 . . 400 Salem 8. Salisbury 1 . 468 880 Towriii Loca. Pop. Sandy Hook . . . .5. Sanford 5. Saugatuck 5. Scitico 2. Scotland 4. Seymour 6. Sharon 1. Sharon Valley.. 1. Shelton 5. Sherman 5. Silver Lane ... .2. Silvermine 5. Simsbury 2. Somers 3. Somerville 3. Sound Beach. . .5. South Britain... 6. Southbury 6. South Cheshire .6. South Coventry. 3. Southford 6. So. Glastonbury. 2. , Southington ... .3. South Lyine. . . .8. So. Manchester. .3. South Meriden. .6. South Norwalk. .5. Southport 5. So. Wethersfield.3. , So. Willington. .3. South Wilton... 5. South Windham. 4. South Windsor.. 3. So. Woodstock. .4. Springdale 5. Square Pond .... 3 . Stafford 3. Stafford Springs. 3. StafCordville ... .3. Stamford 5. Stanwich 5. Stepney 5. Stepney Depot.. 5., Sterling 4. Stonington 8. Stony Creek. . . .6. , Storrs 3. - Stratford 5. , Suflield 2. .1,176 . . 340 . . 947 . . 534 . . 471 . 3,550 . 1,482 . . 300 .4,572 . . 658 . . 500 . . 400 . . 884 . . 500 . . 900 . . 800 . . 528 . . 460 . . 200 . . 953 . . 250 . . 960 .3,411 . . 200 .6,000 . . 700 .8,968 .1,250 . . 350 . . 3.50 . . 307 . . 400 . . 650 . . 350 . . 535 . . 300 . . 900 .3,460 . . 450 25,138 . . 503 . . 350 . . 350 . . 450 .3,278 .1,100 . . 300 . 3.000 .3,641 Taftville 8. Talcottville ....3. Tariffville 3. Terry ville 1. Terry ville Sta. . .1. Thoniaston 1 . Thompson 4. Thompsonville .2. •Tolland 3. Topstone 5. Torrington 1. Trumbull 5. .4,300 , . . 550 . . 570 .2,500 , . . 350 . .3,300 . . . 750 . .4,000 .1,036 . . . 340 11,000 . . 887 Uncasville 8. Union City 6. T'nionville . 3. . . 667 .3,500 .1.998 Toicns Loca. Pop. Vernon 3. . Voluntown 8. . , 446 847 W Wallingford ... .6. Wapping 2. Warehouse Point 2. Warren 1 . Warrenville . . . .4. W^ashington . . . .1. Washington Depot 1. •Waterbury ... .6. Waterford 8. Watertown 1 . Waterville 6. Wauregan 4. Weatogue 2. Westbrook 7. West Cheshire. ..6. Westchester . . . .8. Westchester Sta.8. West Cornwall .1. Westford 4. West Goshen ..1. West Granby . .2. West Hartford.. 2. West Haven ...6. Westminster ...4. West Norwalk .5. Weston 5. Westport 5. Westport Sta . . .5. West Simsbury. 2. West Stafford. ..3. West Suffield. . .3. West Thompson. 4. West Torrington. 1. West Woodstock 4. W^ethersfield . . ..3. Whitnevville ...6. •Willimantic ...4. Willington 3. Wilsonville 4. Wilton 5. Winchester Center 1. Windham 4. Windsor 3. Windsor Locks. .3. Windsorville ...3. Winnipauk . . . .5. •Winsted 1. Wolcott 6. Woodbridge ... .6. Woodbury 1 . Woodstock 4. Woodstock Valley 4. .9,001 . . 789 .1,350 . . 433 . . 200 . . 500 . . . 457 ,73,141 , .2,504 , .3,100 , . 1,800 , . . 400 , . . 320 , . . 884 . . . 400 . . . 250 . . . 350 , . . 350 . . . 332 ...315 . . . 313 . .3,186 ..5,274 , . . 200 , . . 500 . . . 790 . .2,900 . . . 947 , . . 320 , . . 237 , . . 830 , . . 350 . . . 453 . . . 350 . .3,387 . . . 400 .11,330 , . . 352 , . . 220 ...417 . . 959 . . 600 .2,000 .3,997 . . 250 .1,000 .6,804 . . 581 . . 852 . . 853 . . 350 345 Yalesville 6. Tantic 8. .1,500 . . 600 CONNECTICUT Advantages Offered in this State for New Settlers It is not always that the land-seeker is in search of land. If he has a family or children pent up in the city, his ambition is to get away from the con- gested metropolis and secure a home, either in the suburbs of a city or in a state, where there is ample opportunity for abundant and regular employment. and where his family may have the advantage of good society and educational facilities. now TO GET A LIVING. The first consideration with the land-seeker, after providing the family with a comfortable home, is the means of obtaining revenue by which there can be support for the household. Even in new states, and upon government lands, the family is no sooner settled than the head of the household, who has been trained possibly to some trade, or special vocation, often goes in search of a position in the line of employment to which he is accustomed. The facilities for obtaining employment when he leaves his present place of abode is a subject that occupies the attention of every emigrant from one country to another, or when he leaves the city for life in the country. WORK FOR ALL THE FAMILY. In fact, it is usually more important to know that the family, in going to a new locality, can have constant employment and sufficient revenue to sup- port the household than it is to immediately come into the possession of land. It is because of the necessity for immediate rev- 33 Connecticut Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises enue that causes the eity resident to go no further away from the city than (lie Nuburbs. He has made the change from cramped, unhealthy quarters, in the metropolis, out to the land where the children can have clean play grounds, sunshine and pure air. And yet he retains his position in the city an(i liis income continues. .\nd so great numbeis of land-iseekers content tlieiiiselves by going into the outer edge of the city, taking up what land they require for the home, while the head of the house, and perhaps several inenUierN of the family, continue employment in tile metropolis. LEAVING THE CITY FOR THE COUNTRY. In breakinfi: awa.v from the city and taking up abode in a new re.uime. tlie ever serious question is, .■what can the emigrant do after he gets to his dislination. Great numbers of people, who go from (itios in the East to new and cheap lands in the West, are clearly determined to engage in agri- culture, and horticulture, buy their land with refer- ence to following that line of employment, and act accordingly. But all people are not predisposed to getting a living from land. Noble as that vocation is. they are not adapted to that work and prefer mechanical, clerical, mercantile, professional or other employment. In breaking up a city home, therefore, and going into a IH'W regime without previous definite engage- ment as to what shall be done after settlement in a new state, it is a matter of most serious import to consider what are the various oportunities for obtaining a livelihood in the new state. I'RIVILEGES IN CONNECTICUT. Tlii.s brings lis to an examination of the advan- tages offered in Connecticut. This is a representative New England State, whi<'h has long been settled, the land in farms being valued on the average at .$i-'."i.7."i per acre. The size of the average farm is 107 acres and of these there are on the average imoroved 42 acres. MANY :MANI'I-.\CTI RIES IN CONNECTICUT. ( 'onnerticut is one of the most densely populated states in the Union. The state is so crowded with manufacturies as to permit a dense population to find employment outside of agriculture. Hence the land-seeker can go into this state and feel that it will not be absolutely Tiecessary to culilxate the soil in order to get income. Here are aliundant oppor- tunities to find employment in great numbers of industries. Tlioiigli a small state, a late census shows that there are over 7,00(» industrial establishments, the claim being thit within Die limits of the state there is maniifaetiired everything needed in civilization. That this is a maniifaetiiring center is shown in the fact that there are over si.Yty villages and cities in the state having a population of over 2.000 people The various industries are favored by the numer- ous streams and the intelligence and inventivenes of its workmen. It is also fortunate through having, in great abundance, the raw material right here upon the ground for much of that which is to be made into the manufactured product. THE DIFFERENT WOODS OF CONNECTICUT. The fores'.s suppl.v pitch and white pine, red cedar, tamarack, aspen, beech, basswood, cherry, seven species of oak, two of ash, four of maple, four of birch, three of elm, hickory, pignut, black walnut, butternut, holly, hackberry, pepperridge, wild plum, sassafras, sycamore, tulip tree, poplar, dogwood, and willow. nil: R.YU MATERI.VU FOR MANUFACTURING. Tlie largest amount of feldspar used in the glaz- ing of cliinaware, (juarried in the LTnited Stales, comes from (jlastenbury and Middletown. Portland, on the ("oiinecticut River, is noted for its brown stone fo'' building purposes. M.irble, limestone, llagging stone, tiling, slate, fire-clay, and other stone are unlimited in amount. Iron ore has been mined here over 125 years. EXPORTS OF CONNECTICUT. Of <'oiirse, large quantities of raw material come In from other parts of the world, the result is a great output of rubber goods, hardware, clocks, fire- arms, paper, carriages, cotton goods, silk, and woolen fabrics, machinery, hosiery, furniture, sewing ma- chines, saddlery, pianos, tools, buttons and pins. In the long list of industries, in which young and old can engage, examination will reveal that there is no better region into which the land-seeker can go, with the expectation of finding employment for every membei- of the family of suitable age, than Connecticut. ■ CONDENSED FACTS REUATING TO CONNECTICUT Altitude. Bear Mountain, at Salisbury, Litchfield Co., 2,3r)4 feet. Talcott Mountain, in the Holyoke Range, !i!)5 feet. Climqte. The climate of the state, while change- able, is very healthful — the mortality being below the average of the other states. The short spring season opens directly into summer about May, and cold weather begins in November. The winters are severe, but dryness of the air is the compensation. Average annual temperature. 4S'F. At New Haven, January average, 27; July 72. Extremes: highest, 100; lowest, 14 below. Average annual precipitation, rain and melted snow, 50.3 inches. Dimensions: Length, north and south, 75 miles. Breadth, east and west, 90 miles. History. England granted charter to Plymouth company in KidO. The Dutch opened a trading piin.g you in connection with land dealers. CONNECTICUT LANDS FOR SALE To Give Readers Idea of Value of Lands 128 acres $3,000 Located only two miles from the railroad sta- tion and smart village, where there is store, school, blacksmith shop, creamery, etc.; land suitably di- vided into pasture, wood and meadow land; soil of a dark loam, land mostly level, fields smooth and free from rocks; plenty of apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes, berries, etc.; old-fashioned two- story house of eight rooms, painted; three fire- places; supplied by running water; very pleasantly located, well shaded, bordering twelve to fourteen rods on a large trout brook; two large barns, hen- nery, ice house, weed shed, milk cooler; three-quar- ters of a mile to a very beautiful river. A bargain that must be seen to be appreciated. Bridgewater, Conn. 6 acres $3,000 This is a good paying country hotel that is grow- ing more popular each year. The house is 2-story and contains twenty rooms. Fine dance hall. Six 34 Connecticut Lands for Sale acrfs of rich land, where all garden truck and vege- tables can be raised. I.,ocated only 5 miles from the city of Willimantic. Two and a half miles from depot and a few steps to postoffice, stores, churches, etc. In a very pleasant location, shaded by elm and maple trees. There is a good stable 30x40; five horses are kept busy most of the time. Price, only $2,000; $1,200 down. Andover, Conn. 103 acres $1,600 ■Located two miles from depot, near neighbors, one mile to store and school; mall delivered. Fortj acres in fields, forty in pasture and twenty-three in wood; milk sold at the door; two hundred fruit trees; five hundred barrels of apples in season. Nine-room house, painted and blinded; barn 40x60; tie-up for twenty head; cellar under barn; wood house and shop; good shade trees. Buildings in- sured for $1,400. Owner has other business and must dispose of this property. He will include horse, wagons, farming tools, hay. two cows, twenty hens and small tools and utensils. Must be seen to be appreciated. Price, only $1,600. Andover, Conn. 35 acres $2,500 Where can you find a prettier home, bordering on a beautiful river than this one cf thirty-five acres? Nice old-fashioned two-story house of twelve rooms. in good repair, three fireplaces, painted; beautiful shade trees, excellent view, among the best of neigh- bors, one mile from the depot, on the main road; mail delivered; dark loamy soil; plenty of apples, pears, peaches, quinces, grapes, etc. Running water to both the house and barn from a never-failing spring on the farm; good size barn and hennery. An ideal country home and a splendid farm for a little money. Bridgewater, Conn. 150 acres $1,800 This is the old-style Colonial house, with twelve large rooms that you have been looking for. Has piazza, open fire-places, is painted and blinded, and supplied with good water. Surrounded with maple shade; good view; near neighl)ors, store, schools and churches, and only three and a half miles to station; barn 36x48, with tie-up for twelve head; cutting thirteen tons of hay; spring-watered pas- ture for fifteen head; 300 cords of wood; timber and fruit for home use. This farm has a south slope, and while v.'ell adapted for general purposes, would make a fine place for chickens or turkeys. One-half cash; balance at 5 per cent interest. Danielson, Conn. 200 acres $1,400 Four hundred cords of wood, .50,000 feet of pine and oak timber, with a good market near. Fruit for home use. .Spring-watered pasture for nine head; cutting ten tons of hay from level fields; good strong black soil. Only one-half mile from village, store and postoffice. with neighbors near, and but four miles to depot; eight-room house, painted and supplied with the very best of water; clapboarded barn. 40x.'50; tie-up for thirty head; cellar. Never- failing water in barn. These buildings alone are valued at $2,000. Large chicken house, wagon house and ice house; good shade; fine view, with best trout brnok in town crossing farm. This is in a good neigh- borhood, and for the price is considered the best trade in this section. It is not often that at this price such buildings can be secured. Bridgewater, Conn. 135 acres $2,100 Fine old-fashioned one and one-half-story house of six rooms, with gable loof. Less than ten min- utes' walk from the prettiest village you ever saw, which has store, school, churches, etc. About three minutes' walk across lots back of the house is a large trout brook, which runs through the place for one-half mile; mail is delivered; butcher and grocer call at the door; one hundred and thirty-five acres of fields, wood and pasture land; plenty of timber and wood; two large barns, tie-up sixteen head of cattle, besides horse barn with three stalls; large tool sheds, chicken house and pig house. This is a very productive farm and an ideal home. It is worth double the price asked. Present owner is nearly one hundred years old and cannot work it, which is the only reason the price is so ridiculously low. Litchfield, Conn. 50 acres $1,700 Fifty-acre farm, plenty of wood, pasture and grass; twelve-room house, in good repair, situated in a picturesque nook two and one-half miles from one of the prettiest New England villages in the state; store, school, churches, etc. Mail delivered; plenty of maples about the house; apples, crab apples, grapes currants for hoine use; fine well of water at the door; cuts fifteen tons of hay; barn .">2x40, tie-up seven head of cattle. There is also a horse barn, wagon house, chicken house, pig pen. etc. Hen house will accommodate about two hundred fowls. Make a good chicken farm, as there is a fine local market for chickens, either dressed or alive. Ready to move right in and is dirt cheap, because death has removed the former owner and it has come into the hands of those who cannot use it. This is a leader and will soon be sold. Come and see it. Litchfield, Conn. 19 acres $1,300 One and one-quarter miles out of one of the most beautiful villages in the State of Connecticut, where there are stores, school, creamery, post-office, high school, two large summer hotels, churches, etc. Soil of the best; wood for home use; quite a quantity of fruit; beautiful shade trees; in a good neighborhood; nice old-fashioned one and one-half story house, with a nice well of water at the door, pleasantly located. There is a good-sized barn, hennery and hog house. Must be sold at once to settle an estate. $.500 can remain on mortgage. Bridgewater, Conn. MANY SMAI.I. FARMS ARE OFFERED IN CONNECTICUT. At Trices Less than it Would Cost to Erect the Buildings. To be directed to agrents of these properties, write to the Secretary of State at the Capital of the State. 100 acres $2400 40 acres in fields, 40 in pasture and 20 in wood. 2 miles from depot; near neighbors; V^ mile to school; cuts 30 tons of hay; milk sold at door; pasture for 1.5 head; 200 cords of wood; .50 apple and pear trees; 100 bbls. of apples in season. Currants, cherries, blackberries, huckleberries, 7-room house, painted; pun^ well water; barn 30x40; tie-up for 20 head; horse barn, cattle shed, wagon house, wood house, and 100 feet of hen houses. Nice maple shade. Mag- nificent view from house. Borders the water for % mile. Owner, on account of old age, is anxious to dispose of this property, and as an inducement for a quick sale will include with the place .5 cows. 1 horse, 100 fowls, hay, grain, corn. 5 plows, 3 wagons, 2 sleds, 1 sleigh, chains, forks, 2 cultivators, 2 harrows, weeder, mowing machine, horse rake, grindstone, small tools, 10 cords of wood cut for stoves. It's one of our best bargains, and worth looking at. Price only $2,400. Andover, Conn. 50 acres $1500 20 acres in fields. 20 in pasture and 10 in wood. 20 rods from school and neighbors; 3 miles from depot; mail delivered. Only 8 miles from city of Williman- tic. Cuts 20 tons of hay. Sweet hill pasture for head of cattle. 2.5 apple trees. 2-story house of !) rooms, with fire-places; barn 30x40: tie-up for 10 head, supplied with running water; wood house and shop and wagon house. Fine maple shade. Good view from the house. This farm is in an extra good location, and borders the water for ^2 mile. The present owner cannot take care of the place and must sacrifice for $1,500. It's one of our leaders for the year. Andover, Conn. 1-2 acre $700 A beautiful summer home. Located in a country village at an altitude of over 1.200 feet. Good house, well painted and blinded, and containing rooms and 2 halls; church, store, postoffice. and school close at hand. 2 stages daily between village and station, thus making it very easy of access. Good barn with 3 stables; plenty of pasture to be had near by for a cow; a fine apple orchard with the place. This is an ideal spot for a summer home as the village is situated on an elevated plateau with fine level drives in all directions. The laurels here are worth a jour- ney to see in the beautiful month of June. Best of all the price is only $700. Plainville, Conn. 35 DELAWARE STATE AND THE 3 COUNTIES OF DELAWARE With Their Boundaries CITIES AND VILLAGES OF DELAWARE. Lvca. Pop. B Beaver Valley...! 287 Bellevue I 250 Bethel 3 370 Blades 3 500 Bowers 2. . . . 212 Bridgeville 3. . . . 937 C Camden 2 . . . . 553 Centerville 1 200 Cheswold 2. . . . 223 Christiana 1....400 Clayton 2 764 Concord 3. . . . 300 Cypress 3. . . . 500 D Delaware City .. .1 ... 1,132 Delmar 3. . . . 530 •Dover (Capi- tal; 2... 3,270 E Edgemoor 1....497 Ellendale 3 216 F Farmington . . . .2. . . . 255 Farnhurst 1. . . . 328 Faulkland 1. . . . 244 Felton 2. . . . 451 Frankford 3. . . . 395 Frederica 2 . . . . 659 G ♦Georgetown . . . 3 . . . 1,609 Greenwood 3. . . . 362 H Harrington 2... 1,500 Henry Clay Factory 1. . . . 851 Hickman 2 300 Hockessip 1 . . . . 406 Hollyoak 1. . . . 219 K Kenton 2. . . . 209 Locu. Pop. L Laurel 3 216 Lewes 3... 2,158 Lincoln 3 347 Little Creek 2.... 235 M Magnolia 2. . . . 210 Marshallton .... 1 ... . 424 Middletown ... .1 .. .1,399 Milford 2... 2,603 Millsboro 3 451 Milton 3... 1,038 N Newark 1... 1,913 Newcastle 1. • .3,351 Newport 1 . . . . 722 O Ocean View 3 302 Odessa 1 . . . . 585 P Port Penn 1. . . . 299 R Rehoboth 3 327 Risingsun 2. . . . 257 Rockland 1. . . . 392 S St. George 1. . . . 264 Seaford 3... 2,108 Selbyville 3. ... 342 Smyrna 2. . .1,843 Stanton 1. . . . 291 T Taylors Bridge. .1 .... 243 Townsend 1 . . . . 494 W Wilmington ... .1 . .87,411 Winterthur . . . .1. . . . 206 Woodland 3. . . . 201 Woodside 2 300 Wyoming 2. . . . 517 Y Yorklvn 1 328 DELAWARE COUNTIES. DELAWARE Delaware seeni.s to be a small state, and in com- parison with the area of the others it is. but when it is placed by the side of Rhode Island it is seen to be almost twice the size of little Rody. To illustrate, each state is 35 miles wide, but when we come to measure length we find that Delaware is 110 miles long, while Rhode Island is only 50 miles. ORIGIN OF THIS LITTLE STATE. How this little state, with three counties, comes to nestle down between Delaware Bay and Maryland is understood when history gives the explanation. Henry Hudson entered and sailed up the bay in 160!». On the following year, ICIO, Lord De la Ware, an early colonial governor of Virginia, made a voyage up the bay. From his exploration the bay was named Delaware Bay and this became the name of the small tract of land on the west side of this body of water. At that period the Indians, who occupied the north- ern part of the land, were known as the Pinquas, while those on the south were the Nanticokes. County Pop. 1 Newcastle. 723,188 2 Kent.. 32,721 Lord. County Pop. 3 Total . Sussex. .46.413 202,322 ACTIVITIES OF THE SWEDES AND DUTCH. In 1631-2 the Dutch planted a small colony near Cape Henlopen, but the Indians drove them out three years latir. In 163S a eolony of Swedes and Fin- landers bought land and built a fort on Christiana Creek, New Castle county, near present city of Wil- mington, named the country New Sweden, and a little later put up a fort on the island of Tinucum, a few miles south of Philadelphia. This was con- sidered by the Dutch of New Amsterdam an invasion of their territory and they set up Fort Casimer, near the site of the present New Castle, in New Castle county, only five miles from the Swedish fort. A settlement on the Delaware River, made in 1641, by a colony from New Haven, Connecticut, was broken Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 36 Delaware Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises up by them, causing great flnancial disaster. The Swedes took Fort Casimer in lti.j4. but the next year the Dutch seized the whole ('ountrj and sent to Eng- land all the colonists who refused allegiance to Holland. WHEN THE ENGLISH GOT CONTROL. When New York came under the English govern- ment, in 1004, the Delaware settlements were claimed for the Duke of York, and also by Lord Baltimore for Maryland, but William Penn, soon after he settled Pennsylvania, purohased the Duke's right, and effected a compromise with Baltimore so as to add the Delaware settlements to Pennsylvania, and for 20 years they were governed as a part of Pennsyl- vania, under the name of the "territories" or tliree counties on the Delaware, each county sending six representatives to the general assembly. In 1703 Delaware sei up for herself, so far as to establish a separate legislature, but the rule of the Pennsylvania governor was conceded on the ground of proprietary rights, until the period of the revolution, when the state became independent. VERY LITTLE TROI BLE WITH THE INDIANS. With the exception of some slight contests, first with the Indians in 16.52, and subsequently, disagree- ments among the Swedes, Dutch and English, the settlers on this tract of land, comprising the three counties, have always been singularly free from war- fare with the Indians and others. While the men of Delaware enlisted with the Eng- lish in the French war, the little state of Delaware gave 3,703 troops to ^\'ashington in the war of the revolution, and 13.070 soldiers to aid in putting down the rebellion in l.SOO. THE .WERAGE SIZE OF FARMS. The land .seeker, in going into Delaware, will find the aveiage size of the farms to be about 113 acres, and farm land generally valued at about S^SG per acre. Sussex county has the reputation of raising the greatest number of strawberries of any county in the world. With an average, temperature of 33 for January, July 73, with !I3 the highest, with the thermometer never showing below zero, with an average rainfall of 33 inches, and a very fertile soil, these counties are giving a large annual output of corn. oats, peaches. apples, berries and small fruits raised for the Philadel- phia markets. Grapes, melons, corn and amber wheat with oats, sorghum and dairy products complete the list of Delaware's chief agricultural supplies. In Kent county great quantities of tomatoes are grown for canning. In this county lie some 180,000 acies of rich alluvial land. For a distance of ten miles from the bay the soil is very fertile and the Wfll- kept estates with their vine.vards and orchards pre- sent a fine picture of prosperous peace. GO OtT TO DELAWARE AND LOOK. It will be Well for people who seek country liie and wish to engage in fruit raising to investigate the State of Delaware, in which they will find 55,000 acres devoted alone to peach growing. But it will not be fruit growing only that the land- seeker will have to occupy his attention after going into this state. The fisheries here employ over 2, odd persons. There are more than 3,000 acres of oyster beds, the products from which give an annual yield of over $1,000,000.. Clays and Kaolins abound and are worked up at Wilmington into terracotta bricks and crockery. In this industry near 1,000 men are continually em- ployed. MATERIAL FOR ULUilNG ARTUICIAL TEJETH. Near Wilmington is quarried the fine spar employed in the manufacture of artificial teeth. The iron and steel works of Wilmington employ thousands of men, the output yielding many millions of dollars annually Other industries at Wilmington are the manufac- ture of otton goods, pulps, paper and leather goods. The great Edge Moor Bridge Works are also near AVilmington on the Delaware River. At Dover, fruit canning is an important industry. There are no mountains in the state, but in the extreme north it is hilly, and from the Christiana River a low wooded ridge extends southward near the west boundary: elsewhere the surface is uni- formly level and generally sandy. CONDENSED FACTS RELATING TO DELAWARE. .Altitude. This state has only a few elevations, some few hills in the northern part of the state in New Castle county, reaching to a height of 2.S2 feet. Climate. Average temperature, January 33: July 73: highest 03: lowest 1 above; rainfall 32.6. Average temperature throughout the year at Delaware City, New Castle county, is .54.69. Dimensions. Length of state 110 miles. Breadth 3.") miles. Histor.v. Delaware Bay and Delaware River ex- plored by Lord De la Ware in 1610. The bay had been entered the year before by Henry Hudson. First Settlement made by Swedes near Cape Kenlopen. See general description of Delaware elsewhere in this chapter. FARMS IN SOUTHERN DELAWARE OFFERED FOR SALE. To give the reader information as to what small farms are offered for in Delaware, we clip these items from an advertising circular. 35 acres $1,500 Farm in a high state of cultivation, and a very attractive set of buildings, located only 3 miles from large village and railroad station; 1 mile from stores, school, etc.; land is all in smooth, level fields cutting 2 tons of hay to the acre, with the exception of a large strawberry patch and an orchard of peach and pear trees. Several acres more should be set to strawberries and the balance of the farm devoted to raising vegetables. The house is 2-story, with .S rooms, built 3 years ago at a cost of .$1,100. The barn is also new; poultry house and carriage house. Price only $1,500. Bridgeville. Delaware. 140 acres $3,500 T-ocated only 3 miles from one of the largest fruit shipping centres in the Stat< . There are 90 acres in fields, and the balance in pasture and wood: estimated to be 2.500 cords, and a large amount of pine timber. There are .">0 apple trees, and some pears, peaches and plums. 1 mile from stores: % mile from s<-hool ; near neighbors; good 2-story house. rooms, supplied with water by wells: barn 24x2.S: stable 20x24; also poultry houses, carriage house and smoke house. The present occupant has made a specialty of raising melons and garden truck. The Incnl markets are exceptionallv good. Price only $2..')00: % down. Bridgeville. Delaware. 180 acres $3,000 Half of this farm is in fields of light loam soil, and the remainder is in wood and timber. It is estimated that there are 1.50.000 feet of pine and 150,000 feet of oak; 3.50 peach trees .iust coming in bearing; 50 large apple trees. The peach trees should yield 500 baskets a year the coming year, and the apple trees fully 200. 2-story houses, 6 rooms, 2 piaz- zas; barn 20x60; water supplied from driven well; large maple trees furnish shade, and the surroundings are very attractive. Owner has other business and must sell. To any man who will go and examine this farm we will prove that he can pay for it in 2 years by growing small fruit and vegetables. 130 acres $3,000 The tillage land on th>3 farm is cutting 2 tons of hay per acre. There is a nicely watered pasture for 20 cows: 30 acres are in wood, of which there is estimated to be 1.000 cords; fine orchard: 1,000 peach, apple and pear trees. 10 years old: 2-story house. 6 rooms; barns to accommodate stock and store corn, hay. etc., maple shade about buildings; in a good neighborhood: near school; mail delivered: 1 i^ miles from village and depot. This whole farm should be set out to fruit. Only $3,000; lo cash. Bridgeville, Delaware. 86 acres $4,300 Five acres of this farm are set to thrifty straw- beirj plants; 2 acres in blackberries: 50o' Kieffer pears, four years old. and 250 apple trees: also abundance of peaches. The fruit is already bringing in a good yearly income and within a few vears should amount to $2,000 or .$3,000. Located within 1 mile from village: near neighbors: mail delivered: 2-story house, .S rooms: supplied with water from driven well; barn 20x35; small house for help; poulrty house and smoke house; maple trees shade the lawn and the land borders on stream. Price only $4,300: one- third cash, balance on mortgage. Bridgeville, Dela- ware. DISTANCES Distances from 5 Principal Cities to Other Important Cities From Baltimore, Md., to Miles. Albany, N. Y 337 Alexandria, Va....49 Atlanta, Ga 867 Augusta, Ga ....695 Augusta, Me 558 Bangor, Me 633 Bloomington, 111.781 Boston, Mass .... 395 Buffalo, N. Y. . . .iZl Burlington. la. .1,060 Cairo, 111 1>37 Charleston, S. C. .586 Chester, Pa 81 Chevenne, Wyo. 1,869 Chicago, 111 853 Cincinnati, O....560 Cleveland, O 482 Columbus, O 513 Cumberland, Md.l91 Davenport, la. .1,036 Denver, Colo. . .1,965 Des Moines, la. 1,209 Detroit, Mich. . . .568 Duluth, Minn.. 1,499 Elmira, N. Y'. ...255 Erie, Pa 401 J'argo, N. D 1,598 Ft. Wavne, Ind. ..705 Frankfort, Ky...718 Frederick, Md 6 Green Bay, Wis. 1,095 Harper's Ferry, Va 95 Harrisburg. Pa. ...84 Hartford, Conn.. 298 Huntsville, Ala. ..760 Indianapolis. Ind. 700 Iowa City, la.. .1,090 Jackson, Mich... 645 Janesville, Wis. ..944 Kansas City. Mo.1,342 Keokuk, la 1,103 Lacrosse, Wis. 1.133 Leadville, Colo.. 2, 138 Leavenworth, Kan 1,239 Lincoln, Neb. ...1,405 Los Angeles, Cal 3,781 Louisville, Ky...697 Lynchburg, Va. ..217 Lvons, la 990 3Iadison. Wis 990 Mansfield, O 556 Milwaukee, Wis. .938 Milledgeville, Ga.769 Montgomery, Ala 998 Montpelier, Vt. . .625 Nashville, Tenn. .829 .New Orleans, La 1,316 New Y'ork, N. Y. . 188 Niagara Falls, N. Y 431 Ogden. Utah... 2,382 Omaha. Neb 1,350 Penn Y^an, N. Y. .200 Philadelphia, Pa. .96 Pittsburgh. Pa... 340 Portland, Ore.. 3,906 Portland. Me. . . .493 Quebec, Can 759 Quincy. lU 1,350 Racine, Wis 915 Richmond. Va...l70 Rochester. N. Y..354 Sacramento. Cal 3,067 Pt. Paul. Minn. .1,263 Salt Lake City. Utah 2,419 San Francisco, Cal 3,206 Savannah. Ga. ...690 Sitka, Alaska. .4,739 Springfield, Mass.326 Tallahassee. Fla 1,060 Toledo, 610 Topeka, Kan... 1,269 Troy. N. Y 231 Washington. D.C. .39 Whetling. W.Va. .398 AVil)nington. Del.. 69 Winnipeg, Man. 1,698 ^Vinona. Minn. 1,159 Yankton, .S. D. .1.456 Zanesvillc, 468 i'roin Boston, ]\Ia«is., to Miles. Albany, N. Y' 183 Amherst, Mass. . . .81 Andover, Mass. . . .22 Annapolis, Md. . .451 Augusta, Me 177 Baltimore, Md. ..395 Barnstable, Mass.. 73 Bangor, Me 244 Braintree, Mass. ..11 Buffalo, N. Y 478 Brighton, Mass. ...4 Burlington, la. .1,225 Cairo, 111 1,385 Charleston, S.C. 1,109 Chatham, Mass. .177 Chicago, 111 1,020 Cincinnati, O 991 Cleveland, 663 Columbia, S.C. . .974 Columbus, O 871 Concord. N. H .... 75 Denver, Colo. ..2,033 Des Moines, la. 1,377 Detroit, Mich. ...736 Dover, Del 399 Dover, N. H 69 Duluth, Minn.. .1,666 Erie, I'a 566 P'all River. Mass. .49 Fargo, N. D. . . .1,765 Fitchburg, Mass.. 49 Helena, Mont. ..3,025 Indianapolis, Ind 1,059 Jackson. Mich.. . .810 Jackson, Miss.. 1,554 Kinderhook, N. Y.184 La Crosse, Wis. .1,298 Lansing, Mich. ...775 Leadville, Col.. 2,305 Lincoln, Neb. ..1,572 Louisville, Ky. .1,119 Lowell, Mass 26 Marshlield. Mass. . 34 Madison, Wis.. .1,158 Mansfield. Mass. ..24 Mattapan, Mass. ... 7 Memphis. Tenn. 1,476 Milwaukee, Wis.1,009 Minneapolis, Minn 1,438 Mobile, Ala 1,606 Montpelier, Vt 202 Muscatine, la. ..1,038 Nebraska City, Neb 1,516 Nashville, Tenn. 1,251 New Bedford, Mass 55 Newbury port, Mass 35 New Haven, Conn 160 New Orleans, La 1,735 Newport, R. I. . . .68 New York, N. Y.207 Nia.gara Falls, N. Y' 506 Ogden, Utah. . .2,547 Omaha, Neb 1,517 Pittsfield. Mass.. .1.50 Plymouth, Mass. ..48 Portland, Me. . . .107 Portland, Ore.. 4,073 Providence, R. I.. 44 Quincy, Mass 8 Racine, Wis. .. .1,080 Raleigh, N. C. .. .775 Richmond, Va. . .591 Rochester, N. Y. .429 Saco, Me 93 St. Louis, Mo. .1,320 St. Paul, Minn. 1,430 Salem. Mass 15 San Francisco, Cal 3,430 Sarnia. Ont 819 Savannah, Ga.. 1,112 Springfield, 111.. 1,270 Springfield. Mass. 98 Taunton, Mass. . . . 35 Toledo, O 775 Washington, D. C.432 Wheeling. W. Va.774 Wilmington, Del . 351 AVinnipeg. Man. 1,865 \\'iin('Ster. Mass. .44 Yankton, S D. .1.623 i'roin Chicago, 111., to Miles. Albany, N. Y 837 Albuquerque, N. M 1,391 Jefferson City, Mo 489 Annapolis, Md...833 Atchison, Kan. . .556 Atlanta, Ga 795 Aurora, 111 38 Austin, Tex 987 Baltimore, Md . . ,853 Bangor, Me. . . .1,263 Boston, Mass. ..1,020 Buffalo, N. Y'. . . .542 Burlington, Vt. .1,182 Cairo. Ill 365 Cliarleston, S. C.1,103 Cheyenne, Wyo.1,017 Cincinnati, O. . . .293 Cleveland, O 357 Columbia, S. C. . .837 Columbus, 314 Concord, N. H. 1,083 Denver, Col. . . .1,113 Des Moines, la., 357 Decatur, 111 173 Detroit, Mich. .. .280 Dubuque, la 188 Duluth, Minn.... 565 Elgin, 111 36 El Paso, Tex. ..1,630 Fargo, S. D 745 Ft. Worth, Tex. 1,023 Galva, 111 140 Galveston, Tex. 1,150 Geneva Lake, Wis. 85 Gettysburg, Pa. .,771 Green Bay, Wis. .242 Hannibal, Mo.... 329 Harrisburg. Pa. ..716 Hartford, Conn. 1,011 Helena, Mont. ..2,007 Hot Springs, Ark 693 Houston, Tex.. 1,099 Indianapolis, Ind. 193 Iowa City, Iowa. 237 Jackson, Miss... 708 Jacksonville, Fla 1,248 Janesville, Wis. . .91 Kansas City, Mo.489 La Crosse. Wis. 280 Lansing, Mich. . .245 Leadville, Colo. 1,284 Leavenworth, Kan . . . , 589 Madison, Wis.... 138 Marquette, Mich. 390 Milwaukee. Wis.. 85 Minneapolis, Minn 420 Mobile, Ala 845 Montreal, Can... 844 Nashville. Tenn. 482 New Haven, Conn , . .915 New Orleans, La.915 Nome. Alaska . .5,126 New York, N. Y'.912 Niagara Falls, N. Y' 513 Oil City, Pa 600 Omaha, Neb 497 Panama, C. A. 2,311 Phoenix, Ariz. 1,971 Philadelphia, Pa.823 Portland, Me.. 1,128 Quebec, Can... 1,1 16 Racine, Wis 62 Richmond. Va. ..933 iSeattle. Wash. 2,226 .Skagwav, Alaska 3,226 Salt Lake City, Utah 1,566 San Francisco, Cal 2,411 St. Paul, Minn. .410 Tallahassee, Fla 1,339 Toronto, Can.,.. 51." Ctica, N. Y 745 Vicksburg, Miss. 753 Washington, D. C 813 Wheeling, W. Va 451 Winnipeg. Man.. 845 Yankton, .S. D..603 38 From Cincinnati, Ohio, to Miles. Akron. O 246 ; Albany, N. Y 737 Alliance, O 270 Altoona, Pa 428 Annapolis, Md...548 Athens, O 159 Baltimore, Md. . .560 Bellefojitaine, 0..116 Bloomington. 111.307 Bloomington, Ind. 163 Boston, Mass. . . .961 Buffalo, N. Y. . . .444 Burlington. la... 447 Cairo, 111 399 Charleston, S. C.918 Circleville, O 104 Chicago, III 293 Chillicothe, O. ...,99 Cleveland, O 258 Columbia, S. C . . .675 Columbus, Ind.... 94 Columbus, O 120 Concord, N. H.. 1,018 Crestline, O 183 Dayton, O 66 Denver, Col .... 1,255 Des Moines, la. ..629 Detroit. Mich. , . .267 Dover. Del 706 Dunkirk. N. Y. . .401 Elgin, 111 329 Erie, Pa 353 Evanston, 111. . . .305 Evansville, Ind.. 243 Fargo. N. D. . .1,038 Ft. Wavne, Ind. .180 Frankfort, Ky. . .118 Fremont, O 175 Gallon, O 177 Hamilton, 20 Harrisburg, Pa. .561 Helena, Ark 574 Indianapolis, Ind. 115 Iowa City, la. . . .530 Jackson, Miss.,.. 676 Jeffersonville, Ind 136 Kankakee, 111 253 Kenton, O 142 Keokuk, Iowa... 540 Lafayette, Ind.. .179 Lansing, Mich.. ,318 Lecompton, Kan. 800 Little Rock, Ark.667 Logansport, Ind. .177 Long Branch, N. J 777 Louisville, Ky. ...137 Madison. Wis.... 431 Mansfield, O 184 Memphis, Tenn.. 484 Milledgeville, Ga.764 Montgomery, Ala. 756 Montpelier, Vt.,.937 Muscatine. Iowa. .513 Nashville. Tenn. .391 New Albany, Ind.llO Newark, 153 New Orleans, La.874 New York, N. Y'.744 Ogden. Utah... 1,832 Omaha, Neb 790 Peru, Ind 176 Philadelphia, Pa.667 Pittsburgh, Pa... 313 Portland, Me 981 Portland, Ore. .3,099 Raleigh, N. C. .1,250 Richmond. Va . . .638 Rock Island. 111.. 374 Salt Lake City, Utah 1,810 San Francisco, Cal 2,6."i5 Sandusky, O 215 Savannah, Ga. ...874 Seymour. Ind 87 Springfield, 111. . .338 Springfield. O 84 St. Louis. Mo. . . ,340 St. Paul. Minn.. .785 Terre Haute, Ind.187 Toledo. O 202 ITrbana, O 100 Vincennes, Ind.. .192 Washington. D.C. .490 Wheeling. W. Va.251 Wilmington, Del. 660 Wooster. O. . . , . .220 From Denver, Col., to Miles Abilene, Kan.,.. 476 Albany, N. Y. .1,930 Alton, 111 1,023 Arapahoe, Col... 186 -■Vugusta, Me. . .2,302 Baltimore, Md. 1,965 Bierstadt, Col. . . .78 Boston, Mass. .2,033 Buffalo, N. Y'. .1,655 Burlington, Iowa. 900 Burlington, Vt. 2,295 Cairo, 111 1,200 Canon City, Col. 161 Cameron, Col 48 Cape May, N. J., 2,017 Castle Rock, Col 33 Cheyenne, Kan .. 106 Chicago, 111. . . .1,113 Cincinnati. O.. 1,255 Cleveland. O. . .1,469 Colorado Springs. Col 91 Concord, N. H.2,196 Detroit, Mich.. 1,397 Eagle Park, Col. 294 Erie, Pa 1,563 Fort Harker, Kan 420 Fort Riley, Kan. 503 Fort Wayne, Ind 1,261 Greeley, Col 52 Hamilton, Can. 1,583 Harrisburg, Pa. 1.829 Hartford, Conn. 2, 124 Jackson, Mich. 1,321 Kansas City, Mo GZn Lansing, Mich. 1,358 Lawieiice, Kan.. 600 Leadville. Col... 278 Long Branch. N. J 2,014 Longmont, Col . . . 33 Louisville, Ky. .1,302 Madison, Wis..L418 Memphis. Tenn. 1,450 Mitchell, Col 23 Montgomery, Ala 1,89S Montreal, Ca».«,957 New Haven. / Conn <2,028 New Orleans. La ,1,638 New York, N. Y 1,980 Niagara Falls, N. Y- 1,626 Ogden. Utah.... 509 Oil City, Pa... 1,713 Omaha, Neb.... 569 Ottawa, Can... 1,899 Pensacola. Fla. 2. 085 Philadelphia, Pa ,.1,936 Pittsburg, Pa. .1,581 Portland, Me. .2,241 Pueblo, Col 125 Quebec. Can. . .2,329 Raleigh. N. C. 2,317 Red Cliff, Col.. 300 Richmond, Va. 2,008 Rochester, N. Y"... 1,663 Rock Island, 111.930 St. Louis, Mo.. 1,000 Salt Lake City, Utah 655 Sandusky, O... 1,531 San Francisco, Cal 1,499 Savannah, Ga.. 2,245 Sidney. Col 58 .South Fork, Col 297 Syracuse, N. Y. 1,805 Toledo, O. . . .1,356 Topeka. Kan. . . .571 Toionto. Can.. 1,628 Washington, D. C 1,926 West Point, N. Y' 2,024 Wheeling, W. Va 1,590 Wilmington, Del 1.999 Distances from 5 Principal Cities to Other Important Cities From New Orleans, I>a., to Miles. Albany, N. Y.. 1,644 Alton, 111 658 Appleton, Wis. 1,104 Atchison, Kan. 1,055 Atlanta, Ga... 1,233 Augusta, Me... 2, 140 Baltimore, Md. 1,316 Bangor. Me... 1,97!) Baton Rouge, La 139 Boston, Mass.. 1,735 Bismarck, D. T. 1,82b Buffalo, N. Y.. 1,454 Burlington, la. 1,123 Burlington, Vt. 1.805 Cairo, 111 550 Canton, Miss. . . .206 Cape May, N. J . 1,482 Carondelet. Mo.. 719 Centralia, 111 663 Champaign, 111. .787 Cheyenne, Wyo. 1,932 Chicago, 111 915 Cincinnati, O. . . .874 Concord, N. H. 1,799 Davenport, la.. 1,069 Denver, Col ... . 1,638 Des Moines, la. 1,221 Detroit, Mich. .1,289 Dover, N. H... 1,799 Dubuque, la. . .1,008 Duquoin, 111 627 Evanston, 111. . . .927 Enterprise, Miss. 146 Fargo, N. D. . .1,628 Galveston, Tex.. 290 Green Bay, Wis. 1,1 11 Grenada, Miss. . .294 Hannibal, Mo. .. .870 Harrisburg. Pa.1,435 Hartford, Conn. 1,612 Helena, Ark 276 Houston, Tex. . . .361 Indianapolis, Ind.862 Jackson, Miss... 367 Jackson, Tenn . . .442 Jacksonville, 111.816 Joliet, 111 878 Kankakee, 111... 859 La Crosse. Wis. 1,195 Lansing, Mich. 1,192 Lincoln, Neb... 1,467 Louisville, Ky...754 Maltoon, 111 743 Memphis, Tenn.. 376 Menasha, Wis. 1,100 Menominee, Mich 1,185 Meridian, Miss.. 191 Milwaukee, Wis. 998 Mobile, Ala 140 Montpelier, Vt.2,282 Nashville. Tenn. 348 New Haven, Conn 1,575 New York, N. Y.1,501 Ogden, Utah.,. 2,409 Omaha, Neb. . .1,136 Philadelphia, Pa 1,412 Pittsburgh, Pa. 1,378 Ponchatoula, La. .48 Portland, Me. .1,843 Portland, Ore. .3,264 Providence, R. 1 1.689 Racine, Wis 977 Richmond, Va. 1,143 Sacramento, Cal 2,635 St. Louis, Mo... 725 St. Paul, Minn. 1,352 Salt Lake Citv. Utah 3,481 San Francisco, Cal., 2,425 Springfield, 111. .820 Springfield. ]Mo..963 Toronto, Can.. 1,430 Vicksburg, Miss. 235 Vinita, I. T... 1,086 Washington, D C 960 Wilmington, „ Del 1,0.S4 Wmnipeg, Man. 1,760 Wyandotte, ^ Kan 1,011 Yankton, Dak. .1,851 From New York to Miles. •Adrian, Mich.... 747 Albany, N. Y 143 Allegheny, Pa. . .432 Alton, 111 1,053 Ann Arbor, Midi. 710 Atchison, Kan. 1,360 Atlanta, Ga 952 Augusta, Ga 837 Aurora, 111 938 Akron, O 610 Baltimore, Md. . .188 Bangor, Me 478 Belfast, Me 424 Bloomington, 111.984 Boston, Mass. . . .307 Buffalo. N. Y. . . .423 Burlington, la. 1,106 Burlington, Vt..304 Charleston. S. C.817 Chicago, 111 912 Cincinnati, 0....744 Cleveland, O. .,..580 Columbia, S. C..749 Columbus, O. . . .624 Concord. N. H..298 Covington, Kv. ..745 Cumberland, Md.366 Davenport, la. .1,082 Dayton, O.- 694 Denver, Cclo. . .1,980 Des Moines. Ia.1,256 Detroit, Mich... 628 Dover, N. H. . . .297 Dubuque, la. . .1,087 Elmira, N. Y...374 Erie. Pa 486 Evansville. Ind..993 Ft. Wayne, Ind..751 Galena, 111 1,070 Galveston, Tex. 1,900 Gettysburg. Pa, .338 Harrisburg. Pa.. 183 Hartford, Conn.. 110 Indianapolis, Ind.813 Jackson, Miss.. 1,319 Kalamazoo, Mich. 772 Knoxville, Tenn. 740 Lansing, Mich. ..725 Lexington, Ky. . .844 Little Rock, Ark 1,430 Louisville, Ky...853 Lowell, Mass. .. .356 Lynchburg, Va..406 Macon, Ga 1,055 Madison, WMs. . . .998 Memphis, Tenn. 1,159 Meriden, Conn.. ..92 Milledgeville, Ga.990 Milwaukee, Wis. 902 Mobile. Ala 1,332 Montpelier, Vt...344 Nashville, Tenn. 1,001 New Albany, Ind.853 New Haven, Conn. 76 New Orleans, La 1,501 Newport. R. I.. .163 Ogden, Utah. . .2,441 Omaha, Neb. ...1,396 Paterson, N, J. . .16 Peoria. Ill 995 Petersburg. Va. .383 Philadelphia. Pa. 88 Pittsburgh. Pa.. 431 Portland, Me . . . .341 Portland. Ore. .3,965 Providence, R. 1.188 Quincy. 111..., 1,163 Raleigh. N. C. . ..537 Richmond, Va. ..358 Rock Island, 111.1,081 St. Joseph. Mo. 1,337 St. Louis, Mo. .1,084 St. Paul. Minn. 1,390 Salt Lake Citv, Utah ". .2,465 San Francisco, Cal 3,310 Savannah. Ga. . ..877 Springfield. 111.1,035 Tallahassee, Fla 1,190 Toledo. O 694 Washington, D. C 230 Wilmington, N. C 666 Zanesville. O. . . .610 Philadelphia, Pa., to Miles. Albany, N. Y., 331 Alliance, O 436 Alton, 111 989 Annapolis, Md. . .134 Atlanta. Ga 930 Augusta, Me. . . .491 Baltimore, Md. . . .96 Bellefontaine, O.608 Bloomington, 111.949 Boston, Mass.... 318 Buffalo, N. Y. . .510 Burlington, la. 1,030 Catavvissa, Pa... 145 Cairo, 111 1,053 Oarlisl.?, Pa 136 Charleston, S. C . 786 Cheyenne, Wyo. 1,838 Chicago, 111 833 Cincinnati, O. . . .667 Clayton, Del 65 Cleveland, O. . . .505 Columbia, S. C.,651 Columbus, 0....548 Concord, N. H. . .397 Corry, Pa 410 Crestline, O 544 Davenport, la.. 1,006 Dayton, O 61:) Decatur, 111 936 Denver, Colo. .1,936 Des Moines, Ia.1,180 Detroit, Mich... 539 Dover, Del 76 Dover, N. H...,385 Duluth, Minn.. 1,469 Elmira, N. Y. ..383 Evansville. Ind. .911 Fargo, N. D. . .1,568 Forest, O 585 Fort Wayne, Ind.675 Galena, 111 995 Gettysburg, Pa. .135 Green Bay, Wis.1,034 Hartford, Conn.. 198 Helena,, Mont. .3,830 Huntsville, Ala. 1,135 Jackson, Miss.. 1,461 Joliet, HI 863 Kansas City, Mo 1,277 Lafayette, Ind.. 784 Lansing, Mich... 728 Leavenworth, Kan 1,303 Lebanon. Pa.,... 86 Louisville. Ky!..776 Sladison, Kv....764 Madison, Wis. .1,004 Mattoon. Ill 864 Memphis, Tenn. 1,153 Milwaukee, Wis. 908 Mobile, Ala.... 1,500 Montpelier, Vt. . .528 Nashville, Tenn. 928 Newark, N. J. ... 79 New Orleans, La 1,413 Newport, R. I . . .850 New York. N. Y. .88 Niagara Falls. N. Y 4.58 Ogden. Utah... 3, 353 Oil City, Pa 444 Piqua, 621 Pittsburgh, Pa. .355 Portland, Me. . . .39>» Portland. Ore.. 3,870 Quincy, 111 1,057 Richmond, Ind. .667 Richmond, Va...368 Rock Island, 111 1,005 Sacramento, Cal 2,993 Salt I,ake City, T'tah 3,374 Sandusky, O 566 San Francisco, Cal 3,224 Scranton, Pa. . . .164 Springfield. 111. . .946 Springfield, O. . .591 St. Louis, Mo.. 1,008 St. Paul. Minn. 1.137 Terre Haute, Ind. 809 Toledo, O 518 Washington, D. C..., 138 Wheeling, W. Va.45l Xenia. O 603 From St. Louis, 31o., to Miles. Albany, N. Y.. 1,123 Alton (Upper) ... .23 Annapolis, Md. .940 Atchison, Kan.. 330 Atlanta, Ga 536 Atlantic City, N. J 1,067 Baltimore, Md.,959 Beardstown, 111.112 Belleville, III 14 Bloomington, 111.156 Boonville, Mo.... 333 Boston, Mass. .1,330 Cairo, III 146 Carlinville, 111. . . .57 Canton, Miss.... 486 Cape May. N. J. 1,089 Carondelet, Mo. . . .6 Charleston, S. C.959 Cheyenne, Wyo. 1,033 Chicago, III 280 Cincinnati, O. . .340 Columbia, S. C.1,247 Columbus, Ky. . .166 Concord, N. H. 1,392 Corinth, Miss. . . .309 Davenport, la... 344 Denver, Colo. . .1,000 Detroit. Mich... 564 Dover. Del 1,046 Dubuque, Iowa.. 468 Du Quoin, III . , . .71 Elgin, III 316 Evanston, 111. . . .393 Fargo, D. T. ..1,145 Grenada, Miss. . .398 Hannibal, Mo... 145 Hermann, Mo.... 81 Indianapolis, Ind. 262 Jacksonville. 111.. 91 Jackson, Miss. . .698 Jackson, Tenn... 353 Jefferson Bar- racks, Mo 10 Kansas City, Mo. 223 Kenosha, Wis... 381 Kokomo, Ind..., 369 Leadville, Col. .1,133 Lansing, Mich. . .504 Lecompton, Kan. 347 Lexington, Mo... 470 Little Rock, Ark.590 Louisville, Ky...375 Madison, Wis. .. .418 Memphis, Tenn.. 316 Meridian. Miss. .503 Mexico. Mo. , . . . .108 Milwaukee, Wis. 365 Mobile, Ala 638 Moline, III 233 Montgomery, Ala 895 Montpelier, Vt. 1,557 Nashville, Tenn.. 348 New Orleans, La ,..725 New York, N. Y 1,084 Ogden, Utah... 1,482 Omaha, Neb 496 Oswego, Kan. . . .363 Philadelphia, Pa 1,^88 Pilot Knob. Mo. ..87 Pittsburgh. Pa. ..653 Portland, Me. ..1,493 Racine. Wis 34'.: Raleigh, N. C. 1,317 Richmond, Va. 1,008 Rock Island, 111.330 SI. Joseph. Mo. .305 St. Paul. Minn.. 690 Salt Lake Citv, Utah 1,500 San Francisco. Cal 2,030 Savannah. Ga.. 1,245 Sedalia, Mo. . . .189 Springfield, HI. . ..95 Springfield. Mn. .200 Sterling. Ill 383 Toledo. O. , 4.50 Vinita, Ind. T..363 Washington, D, C 951 Weston, Mo 310 Wb.'eling, W. Va.590 Wilmington, Del. 999 Wvandotte. Kan 286 From Washington, D. C, to Miles. Albany, N. Y...370 Amherst, Mass. .619 Andover, Mass.. 739 Annapolis, Md. . .4(t Alexandria, Va.,..7 Atlanta, Ga 792 Augusta, Me. . . .633 Aurora, 111 851 Baltimore, Md. . .39 Bangor, Me 708 Bellaire, 349 Bladenburgh, Md..6 Boston, Mass.... 432 Burlington, Vt..534 Cairo, III 1,091 Cambridge, Mass 433 Cambridge, O. . .403 Cape May, N. J. ,260 Charleston, S. C.455 Cheyenne, Wyo. 1,830 Chicago. Ill 813 Cincinnati. O. . . .497 Columbia, S. C. .500 Columbus, O. . . .350 Concord, N. H..630 Cumberland, Md.l53 Davenport, Iowa. 996 Defiance, O 630 Denvei-. Col.... 1,926 Dover, Me 639 Duluth, Minn. .1,459 Fort Wayne, Ind. 981 Galesburg, III. , .977 Germantown, Pa. 37 Gordonsville, Pa.. 96 Grafton, Va 354 Green Bay, Wis.1,055 Hartford. Conn.. 340 Helena, Mont.. 2,830 Indianapolis, Ind 639 Kansas City, Mo 1,228 Kenosha, Wis.,. 863 Keokuk, la . . . .1,063 Lawrence, Mass. 497 Leavenworth, Kan 1,387 Long Bridge, Va..3 Louisville, Ky...761 Lowell. Mass. . . .458 Lynchburg, Va..l78 Manasses. Va 34 Martinsburg. Va..74 Memphis, Tenn. 1,138 Mendota. 111. . . .897 Montreal, Can... 526 Mt. Vernon. O. . .479 Nashville. Tenn. 684 Milwaukee, Wis.. 898 Montgomery, Ala. 839 Montpelier, Vt. . .636 Navy Yard 2 Newark, O 454 New Orleans, La 960 Newport, R. I. . .392 New York, N. Y..230 Ogden, Utah. . .1,343 Omaha. Neb. . .1,310 Parkersburg. Va.358 Peoria, II! 924 Philadelphia, Pa. 138 Piedmont. W. Va.180 Pittsburgh, Pa... 300 Portland, Ore.. 3,866 Providence, R. 1.418 Quincy, III 1,075 Raleigh, N. C. ..286 Richmond, Va....77 Rock Island. 111.994 .Sacramento, Cal 3,073 St. Louis, Mo. ...951 St. Paul, Minn. 1,323 Salt Lake Citv, Utah 2,379 San Francisco, Cal 2,981 Sioux City, la. 1,328 Springfield, Mass.919 Tiflin, O 566 West Point, N, Y.280 Wheeling, W. Va.3.53 Winnipeg. Man. 1,658 Winona, Minn. .1,119 Yankton, D. T.1,416 Zanesville, O . . . .438 39 FLORIDA STATE AND THE 47 COUNTIES OF FLORIDA With Their Boundaries Locacion and Popi of FLORIDA COIN! Lo- ca- COUNTIES tion 1 Escambia. . 3 . . . .Santa Rosa. . 3 Walton. . 4 Holmes. . 5 Jackson. , 6. . . ^A'ashington. . 7 Calhoun. . 8 Liberty. , 9 Gadsden. . 10 Leon., 11 Wakulla.. 12 Franklin.. 13 Jefferson., 14 Madison, . 15 Taylor., 16 Lafayette. , 17 Suwanee. , 18 Hamilton., 19 Columbia. . 20 Baker., 21 Wassau. , 22 Duval. Pop. 1910 Locu. County Pop. 23.. ... Bradford. .14,090 24. . Clay. . 6,116 25.. . .... Alachua. .34,305 26. . .... Putnam. .13,096 27 . .St John 13,208 28. . Levj' . .10,361 29. . Marion . .36,941 30. . Citrus. . 6,731 31. . . . Hernando. . 4,997 33. . Pasco. . 7,503 33. . ... . Sumter. . 6,696 34.. Lake . . 9,509 35.. Orange. .19,107 36. . ..... Volusia. .16,510 37. . ... Hillsboro. .78,374 38. . Polk. .24,148 39.. .... Osceola. . 5,507 40.. .... Brevard. . 4,117 41.. . . . Manatee. . 9,550 42. . De Soto. .14,200 43. . St. Lucie. . 4,075 44.. .. Lee. . 6,394 45.. .Palm Beach. . 5,577 46 Monroe. .21,563 47 Dade.. 11,933 Total 752,615 ^eyvvesT *• fV" IXORIDA CITIES AXD VII.L.AGE.S WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Lijcij. Pop. Alachua 25. Alalia 37. Alton 16. Altoona 34. Alva 44. Anthony 29. *.\palachicoIa. .13. Apopka 35. •Arcadia 43. Arch Creek . . .47. Archer 35. Argyle 3. . . 610 . . 451 . . 309 . . 320 . . 295 . . 422 .3,065 . . 420 . . 736 . . 296 . . 448 . . 3.50 Towns Loca. Pop. Armstrong ....37. Ai redonda ... .35. Ashtnn 39. Ashville 13. Auburndale ... .38. Aucilla 13. Bagdad . . Baldwin . * Bartow . Bassenger Bell Belmore ..2. .33. . 38 . .39. .25. ..24. . 209 . 390 . 280 . 250 . 250 . 590 . . 580 . . 611 .2,663 . . 358 . . 343 . . 265 Ton-n.i Loca. .47. .29. ...7. .,.1. ..4. Blackmail Black Point.. Blichton .... *Blountstown Bluffsprings . *Bonifay .... Bowling Green. 43. Boynton 45. *Bradentown ..41. Branford 17. •Bristol 8. •Bronson 28. •Brooksville ..31. Burbank 29. Pop. Toxcns Loca. Pop. . 250 Bushnell . .. . . . 33 . . . 939 . 250 Bvrd 27 . . . 269 1,031 . 546 C . 780 Callahan . . . . . .31. . .. 390 . 933 Campbell . . . . .39. . . . 309 . 432 Campville . .35. . . 250 . 280 Capps . .13. . . 360 1,888 Carrabelle . . ..12. . . 906 . 620 Cedar Keys . . .28. . . 864 . 796 Center Hill . ..33. . . 299 . 799 . . .1. .1,060 . 979 Ch'rrtte H'rb r.43. .. 366 . 250 Chaseville . . . .22. . . 346 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Moans Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 40 Florida Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Chattahoochee Chester Chipley Christina . . . . Chumuclila . . . Citra Citronelle . . . . Clarksville . . . Clearwater . . . Clermont Cocoa 9. .21. . .6. .38. . .2. .29. .30. ..7. .37. .34. 40. Coco'nut Gr've.4~. ..33. 19 . 26. ..35. ...5. . .19. Coleman . . Columbia , Coino Concord Conway . . . Cottondale Cow Creek *CrawforUville . 11 . Crescent City.. 26. Crewsville 42. Crooin 31 . Crystal River. .30. D *Dade Citv 32. Dallas 29. Dania 47 . Day 16. Daytona 36. Daytona Beach. 36. *DeFuniak Spgs.3. *DeLand 36. Deleon Spgs...36. Dellwood 5. Dowling Park.. 17. Dravton Island. 26. Drews 19. Dunedin 37. Dunnellon ....29. Dutton 25. E Eau Gallie. , Eden Ellenton . . . Ellzey . .1. . . Enterprise . Esto Etna Eureka . . . , Eustis , ♦Fernandina . Fessenden Festus Floral City... Fogartyville Fort Meade . . *Fort Myers. . Fort Ogden . . . *Fort Pierce . . Fort White... Francis Freeport Fulton G *Gainesville . Garniers Gary Georgetown . Goldsboro . . . Graceville . . . . Grahamsville Grand Ridge. *Green Cove Springs . . . . Greenville . . . . .40. .43. .41. .28. .36. . .4. .30. .29. .34. .21. .39. .13. .30. .41. .38. .44. .42. .43. .19. .26. . .3. .22. .37. .26. .35. . .5. .29. . .5. .24. .14. . . 580 . . 280 . 1,099 . . 296 . . 380 . . 394 . . 545 . . 480 .1,171 . . 295 . . 613 . . 850 . . 387 . . 292 . . 280 .1,566 . . 301 . . 250 . . 479 . 250 . . 677 . . 411 . . 396 . . 663 .1,006 . . 289 . . 283 . . 250 .3,082 . . 331 .3,017 .2,812 . . 216 . . 209 . . 290 . . 260 . . 296 . . 256 .1,227 . . 380 329 250 250 260 340 300 526 910 .3,482 . . 360 . . 306 . . 488 . . 250 .1,165 .2,463 . . 380 .1,333 . . 329 . . 2.50 . . 869 . . 280 .6,183 . . 200 . . 335 . . 299 . . 286 . . 734 . . 280 . . 396 .1,319 . . 751 Luca. Pop. Greenwood 5. Gretna 9. 469 201 Hague . . . Hamburg Hampton Harney . . Hastings Havana . . Hawthorn Hernando Highland High Springs. .25. .25. .14. .23. .37. ..27. . .9. .25. .30. .24. Hilliard Holder ... Hollister . Holly Hill Hoineland Hoslord Hudson . . Inglis Interlachen ♦Inverness Istachatta . ♦Jacksonville. * Jasper Jennings . . . . Jonesville . . . n. .30. .26. .36. .38. . .8. .32. .28. .26. .30. .31. .18. .18. .25. . . 280 . . 325 . . 265 . . 286 . . 399 . . 432 . . 324 . . 592 . . 399 .1,468 . . 280 . . 370 . . 200 . . 207 . . 300 . . 370 . . 210 360 263 350 57,099 .1,730 .. 480 .. 325 K * Key West 46 . . 19,945 Kings Ferry 21. ...249 Kingston 36. . . . 289 *Kissim:Tiee .. .39. . .2,157 Komoko 25 ... . 202 L, Lacrosse 35 350 Lake Butler 23 685 *Lake City 19. . .5,032 Lake Como . . . .26. . . . 200 Lake Helen 36 646 Lakeland 38. . .3,719 Lakewood 3 . . . . 360 Lamont 13. . . . 485 Largo 37 291 Laurelhill 3 316 Lawtev 23 492 Leesburg 34. . . . 991 Lenion City .... 47 ... . 860 Levon 29 382 Levyville 28 490 Limestone 3. . . . 650 Lisbon 34 226 Littleriver 47 306 *Live Oak 17... 3,450 Lloyd 13 369 Longwood 35. . . . 200 Lukens 28 200 Lumberton 32 289 Luravllle 17 320 M McClenny 20 370 Mcintosh 29 396 *Macclenny ...20 388 ♦Madison 14 1.560 Manatee 41 . . . . 988 Mandarin 22... 1,600 Marathon 46. . . . 250 Marco 44 2,50 *Marianna 5. . .1,915 *Mayo 16 578 Mayport 22. . . . 441 Melrose 2.5. . . . 245 Meredith 28 496 Towns Loca. Pop. ♦Miami 47. ..5,471 Micanopy 25. . . . 613 Middlebury . . . .24. . . . 340 Millview 1. . . . 495 Millville 6... 1,260 ♦Milton 2 831 Molino 1. . . . 219 Montbrook . . . .28. . . . 295 ♦Monticello 13... 1,829 Morriston 28. . . . 296 Morse 38. . . . 272 Moseley 14 369 Mossbluff 29 225 Mount Dora. . . .34. . . . 371 Mulberry 38. . 1.418 N Naranja 47 560 Nashua 26. . . . 200 New Augustine. 27. .. 1,284 New Berlin. .. .22 .... 225 Newberry 25. . . . 816 New Smyrna. . .36. . .1,121 Newtown 28 ... . 309 Nichols 38 509 Nocatee 42 ... . 250 Norma 4 806 O Oakland 35. . . . 211 O'Brien 17 275 ♦Ocala 29... 4,370 Okahumpka ...34 280 Olustee 20 299 Orange 8 496 Orange City.. .36. . . . 490 Orange Park . ..24. . . . 372 Orient 37 360 ♦Orlando 35... 3,894 Ormond 36 780 Osteen 36 392 Oviedo 35. . . . 550 Oxford 33 325 P Pablo Beach. . .22 249 ♦Palatka 26. . .3,779 Palatka Hei'ts.36. . . . 367 Palm Beach. . .45. ... 460 Palmetto 41 .... 773 Panama City . . . .6. . . . 422 Panasoffkee 33. . . . 296 Pan way 38 200 Pedro 29 250 ♦Pensacola 1.. 22,982 ♦Perry 15... 1,013 Picolata 27 200 Pierce 38 290 Pierson 36 250 Pine Barren. . . .1. . . . 300 Pinemount .... 17 ... . 285 Pinetta 14 200 Plant Citv 37... 2,481 Planter 46 300 Piatt 42 300 Point Washing- ton 6 300 Pomona 26 300 Ponce de Leon . .4. . . . 200 Port Orange. . .36. ... 200 Port Tampa Citv 37... 1,343 Punta Gorda. . .43. . .1,012 Q *Quincy 9... 3,204 R Reddick 39 498 River Jet 9. . . . 800 Loco. Pop. Rochelle 25. Rosewood 28. St. Andrew 6. St. Augustine.. 27 St. Cloud .39 St. Joseph . . . . .32 St. Marks . . . . .11 St. Nicholas. . . .22 St. Petersburg. .37 Sanford .35 Sarasota .41 Seabreeze . . . . .36 Sebastian .43 Seffner .37 Seville .36 Sneads . .o Sorrento .34 So. Jacks'ville .22 Southport . . . . . .6 Spring Garden .36 Springhill . . . . .10 ♦Starke .23 Stuart .45 Summerfleld . .29 ♦Sumterville .. .33 Survey .44 Suwanne .17 Tallahassee ... .10. ♦Tampa 37. Tarpon Springs. 37. Tavernier 46. Telogia 8. Thouotosassa. . . 37 . ♦Titusvllle 40. Toinpkins 6. Trenton 25. Trilby 32. Tyler 25. U V Vicksburg 6. 200 300 . . 675 .5,494 .1,800 . . 200 . . 200 .4,127 .4,127 .3,570 . . 840 . . 308 . . 220 . . 299 . . 206 . . 506 . . 210 .1,147 . . 200 . . 250 . . 200 .1,135 . . 500 . . 225 . . 390 . . 260 . . 209 .5,018 ,37,782 .2,212 , . . 306 . . 392 . . 300 . . . 868 . . . 286 . . 304 . . . 289 . . . 386 VV Waldon .... Warrington Watertown . Wauchula . . Waukeenah Wausau .... Webster .... Welaka .... Wellborn ... Westlake . .. ♦West Palm- beach .... West Pompano.4.5 West Tampa.. . .3' Westville Wewahitchka White City. . . . White Springs. Whitfield Wildwood .... W^illiston .... . ..1. .19. .42. .13. . .6. .33. .26. .17. .18. .45. 4. .7. 43. 18. .3. 33. 28. Windsor 25. Winter Garden. 35. Winterhaven . .38. Winter Park... 35. Yulee 21 . .540 .1,301 . . 250 .1,099 . . 309 . . 460 . . 301 . . 294 . . 247 . . 350 .1.743 . . 269 .8,258 . . 865 . . 250 . . 780 .1,177 . . 250 . . .329 . . 371 . . 306 . . 351 . . 375 . . 570 Climatic Conditions East Shore, Florida, in Region of Orlando, New Smyrna and Other Florida East Shore Towns. "This portion of the country is high, the well and mineral waters are above the average. The near- ness of the Gulf Stream gives an equable climate so that a large part of the winter Is balmy and pleasant as the Indian Summer of the North. In summer the sun is hot. but the heat is tempered by the fresh airs from the ocean. In the house or in the shade of a tree it is invariably cool. The government report shows a maximum temperature of 87 degrees and a minimum temperature of 70 degrees, with strong, coo! breezes varying from east to southeast. There is at all times a freshness and vitality in the air that amply compensates for the direct heat of the sun. "In th<» winter the tourist or health-seeker flying from zero weather finds here perpetual spring and summer. He will leave the snow drifts and biting winds of Northern winter to find a land where doors and windows are thrown open, the roses blooming in January, and beautifully colored birds flying 41 Florida Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises about his lawn, tame as the robins in the Northern home in May. It is the out-ol'-door life, made yiossibh: by such a climate and so prevalent here, that renders existence under novel conditions so charming. You thank God and take courage, get out your fishing tackle, or just loaf around. The tree lover will find here a new and constant pleasure. Maple, hickories, red cedars and oaks will give him a home feeling, while the cabbage palm gives him unmistakable evidence of being in a winterless climate. The stately cabbage palm, queen of the forest.s, grows everywhere, and always draws the visitor's attention. The live oaks of this locality are famous. Many of those grand trees are quite equal to the world-known English oaks. Mas.sive, as becomes a tree whose unit is a century, their palpably great age and majestic proportions are enhanced by their priestly drapery of Spanish moss." FLORIDA A LAND OF SUNSHINE AND TROPIC.VL FRllTS. REST AND HEALTH RESORTS Althoiigrh this is a region adapted to the growth of tropical and subtropical fruits, much of the state is yet heavily timbered. Though one of the first settle- ments in North America was made in Florida, the State is .vet largely a wilderness. Only one eightli of the total land area is in farms and only one third of the latter is improved. The State is adapted to the growing of vegetables for the northern markets, while pine trees throughout the State yield liberally of turpentine and rosin. A new variety of o)ange which will endure low temperature has been lately introduced, the result of losses .some time ago from freezing. The winter temperature of Florida is so generally warm as to attract great numbers of people from the North in the cold seasons. The favor with which the State and the climate are regarded being likely to continue in the future. The coast waters produce the finest fish, including the sheepshead. redfish. and mullet, besides green turtle and oysters, and the numerous lakes and rivers or' the interior teem with fresh water species. In the sojthern part of the State the sumnrer tem- ptraluro can only be known from the winter by the greater abundance of rainfall. At Key West the difference in temperature is not more than 11 degrees. CONDENSED FACTS. Climate. — Jacksonville: Average. January. 5.5 de- grees above; .July. .S2. Extremes: Highest. 104: lowest, 10 above: rainfall. 54.1 inches. Key West: January, 70; July, 84. Extremes: Highest. 100; lowest, 41 above; rainfall, 38.5. Continuous summer heat of southern and south Florida tempered by con- stant sea breezes. Uniform winter temperature, and air filled with odor of pine especially beneficial to invalids. Has high reputation as winter health re- sort. Dimensions. — Extreme breadth, 400; extreme length, 4S0 miles. Average width of the peninsula of Florida, !)t) miles; length of peninsula, 275 miles. Histor.v. — Mainland discovered bv Ponce de Leon. 1513. Explored by De Soto, 1539. Settled by Spaniards at St. Augustine, 1565. Pensacola settled by the French. 1606; given to Great Britain in ex- change for Cuba, 1763; retroceded to Spain. 17S3; ceded to United States, 1S19; territory organized, 1822: admitted as a State, 1845; seceded. 1861; re- admitted. 1868. REST, HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS. The rapid development of attractive pleasure grounds will bo noted by people who go frequently to Florida. The general idea which has prevailed that the summer time is the onl.v period for the vacation is rapidly giving way to the belief that there should be two rest seasons, that the summer season, which affcds opportunity for recreation and recuperation, can very profitably be supplemented by a winter season of vacation, that period to be passed in some warm cliinate. Florida being so accessible to the people of the eastern and middle States is being visited more and more every winter. The consequence is the great number of pleasure places which have been estab- lished in this State in recent years. DELIGHTFUL CITIES ANT> POINTS TO VISIT. Th'-se include Jacksonville, which is the mecca for thousands of winter tourists. This city is IS mih'S inland froin the Atlantic ocean, has an abundance of good hotels, beautiful shell drives, fine parks, and an all-the-year climate. St. Augustine, oldest city in the United States, located where came Ponce de Leon in 1512. Here was built a fort in 1565, and the town of St. .Augustine came into existence, a city today -distinguished for its hixuriousl.v furnished hotels and charming floral gardens. A short distance south of Jacksonville are the famous Magnolia Springs, a fine pleasure and health resort. Continuing along the St. Johns river, fifty-five miles south of Jacksonville, the tourist arrives at Palatka, a beautiful city that nestles amid great live oaks, stately palmettos, cypresses, bay trees, and a great wealth of flowering shrubs. Going one hundred miles south of Jacksonville the traveler reaches De Land, from which finely kept shell roads lead into the dense pine forests and to several attractive places in this vicinity. Stetson University is located here, affording educa- tional advantag<^s for people who sojourn here for periods of several months. NOTED FISHING RESORTS. Onward, two hundred miles south of .Jacksonville, we reach San ford, a prosperous town, celebrated for iminense celery beds and its fishing and hunting .srounds in that vicinity. Situated in the heart of the charming lak-Dec. l....Jan. 1-Ma\- 1 Carrots ....Oct. 1-Dec. 1 . . . . Feb. 1-June 1 Cauliflower .Sept. 1-Oct. 1 . . . . Jan. 1-March 1 Celery Aug. 15-Oct. l....Jan. 15-April 15 Cucumbers .Jan. 15-Feb. 1.... April 1-May 1 Egg Plant.. Dec. 1-Jan. 1.... April 15-June 15 Lettuce ....Dec. 1-Jan. l.,...\pril 15-June 15 Melons Jan. 15-?"el). 1 . . . . May 1-July 1 Okra March 1-July l....May 15-Dec. 1 Vegetable Date of Planting Date of Harvesting Onions Oct. 1-Dec. 1.... April 1-May 1 Peas Oct. 1-Dec. l....Dec. 1-March 1 Peppers ....Jan. 1-Feb. 1 .... April 15-June 1 Potatoes Jan. 1-Feb. 1.... April 1-May 1 (Sweet) .. Potatoes May 15-July 15.. ..Oct. 1-Jan. 1 Squash Jan. 1-Feb. 1 .... March 15-May 1 Tomatoes ..Dec. 15- Jan. 15... April 15-June 1 Pecan a 3Ioney-Maker. The pecan is one of the paying crops. Extra large flne-flavored nuts are grown in Florida and it will be many years before the market can be given a supply. The history of the industry in Florida shows returns from a pecan grove can be counted on at about the same age as the orange and the profits are as a rule rather greater. Pineapples. Pineapples yield from seven to ten crops without replanting. The first and principal cost is for the land. The income from tlie second, Ihiid, fourtli, fifth and sixth crops is profit. One acre of pineapples containing 10,000 plants yielded 300 crates, averaging 30 to the crate, or 9,000 apples. They netted over transportation and commission .$2.00 per crate, or $000.00 per acre. From this same acre 32,000 planting slips were secured, which sold at $6.00 per 1,000, adding to the profit of this same acre !fl92.00, or a total of $702.00. Persimmons. The Japanese persimmon is a coming fruit. Comes into bearing quickly and makes an enormous yield of fruit, and like the pecan sheds its leaves and rests in winter when all the garden crops are being grown and may be planted on lands used for trucking. Strawberries. Florida lands are equal and in re- spect to climate and soil superior for the growing of the strawberry to any State in the Union. One person last year, by using his fa:nily labor in picking, packing, etc., netted over one thousand dollars ($1,000) an acre. This result was obtained without irrigation. One year with another, irrigation is a great advantage. CLIMATE. No climate in the United States makes labor so light to the tiller of the soil as that of Florida. There are no violent extremes of temperature, such as ai'e characteristic of the Northern States, and, indeed, of some sections of the South. The climate is genial and equable throughout the entire year. 3Iany residents of the North are under the im- pression that the summers are very hot in Florida because tlie State is located so far south. Nothing could be more erroneous. It is an undeniable fact that the temperature here never rises to so high a point as in the Northern States. This is simply because Florida is a narrow peninsula, having the ocean on one side and the gulf on the' other, with cool and constant breezes blowing clear across the State. There are many cases on record where growers of these crops have made as high as $1,000 to $2,000 an acre, and it would be easy to cite many instances of $200 an acre for cabbage, $225 or even more for cauliflower, $250 for tomatoes, as high as $750 for lettuce, $800 for egg plant, $800 an acre for straw- berries and so on. The following are the average returns for certain crops for the year 1908-9: Product Per .\cre Per Acre Rice 30 bushels $ 45.00 Oats 40 bushels 40.00 Sweet Potatoes 00 bushels 47.20 Velvet Beans 20 bushels 37.00 Millet 2 tons 40.00 Native Hay l';: tons 30.00 Field Pea Hay 2 tons 36.00 Field Peas 15 bushels 22. .50 Irish Potatoes 127 bushels 137.00 Cantaloupes 80 crates 320.00 Watermelons 125.00 Grape Fruit 240 boxes 480.00 Beets 200 crates 400.00 Cantaloupes 125 crates l.")0.00 Peppers 100 crates 200.00 Squash 100 crates 100.00 Strawberries 2,000 quarts 2.S0.00 Pears 136 barrels 4.'$0.00 Celery 500 crates 600.00 LITTLE FARMS WELL TILLED. While to the farmer of the West and the Middle West the idea of a farm of ten, twenty or forty acres appears ridiculous, yet here in Florida a farm as large as fortv acres is rare and the results obtained from ten and twenty-acre farms are so marvelous that the newcomers to Florida have to be shown. 43 GEORGIA STATE AND THE 146 COUNTIES OF GEORGIA With Their Boundaries I^oration and Population of GEORGIA COUNTIES Lo- ca- COrXTIES Pop. tion 1910 I Dade.. 4,139 2 Walker. .18,693 3 Catoosa. . 7,184 4 Whitneld. .15,934 5 Murray. . 9,763 6 Fannin. .12,574 7 Gilmer.. 9,237 8 Union.. 6,918 9 Lumpkin. . 5,444 10 Towns.. 3,932 11 White.. 5,110 12 Rabun. . 5,562 13 Habersham. .10,134 14 .Stephens.. 9,928 15 Chattooga. .13,608 16 Floyd. .36,736 17 Gordon. .15,861 18 Pickens. . 9,041 19 Dawson. . 4,686 20 Hall.. 25,730 21 Banks.. 11,244 22 Franklin. .17,894 23 Hart.. 16,216 24 Bartow. .25,388 25 Cherokee. .16,661 26 Milton. . 7,239 27 Forsyth. .11,940 28 Polk.. 20,203 29 Paulding. .14,124 30 Cobb.. 28,397 31 Fulton. 177.733 32 De Kalb.. 27,881 33 Gwinnett . . 28,824 34 Jackson. .30,169 35 Walton. .25,393 36 Madison. .16,851 37 Elbert. .24,125 38 Oconee. .11.104 39 Clarke. .23,273 40.... Oglethorpe. .18,680 41 Wilkes.. 23.441 42 Lincoln. . 8.714 43 Haralson. .13.514 44 Carroll. .30.875 45 Douglas.. 8,953 46 Campbell. .10,874 47 Clayton. .10,453 48 Henry. .19,927 49 Rockdale. . 8,916 50 Newton. .18,449 51 Morgan. .19,717 52 Greene. .18,512 53 Taliaferro.. 8.766 54 Warren. .11.860 55 McDuffie . . 10,325 56 Columbia. .12.338 57 Heard. .11,189 58 Coweta. .28.800 59 Fayette. .10.966 60 Spalding. .19,741 61 Butts. .13,624 62 Jasper. .16,552 COUNTIES OF GEORGIA— Continued. Lorn. f'dinitij 63 Putnam . 64 Hancock. 65 Glascock. 66 Jefferson . 67 Richmond. 68 Burke. 69 Troup. 70.... Meriwether. 71 Pike. 72 Upson. 73 Monroe. 74 Jones. 75 Baldwin. 76... Washington. 77 Harris. 78 Talbot. 79 Taylor. 80 Crawford. Pop. .13,876 .19,189 . 4,669 .21,379 .58,886 .27,268 .26.228 .25,180 . 19,495 .12,757 .20,450 .13,103 . 18.354 .28.174 .17.886 .11.696 . 10,839 . 8,310 Loca. County Pop. 81 Bibb. 82 Twiggs. 83 Wilkinson. 84 Johnson . 85 Emanuel . 86 Jenkins. 87 Screven. 88 Muscogee. 89. Chattahoochee. 90 Marion. 91 Schley. 92 Macon. 93 Houston. 94 Pulaski. 95 Laurens. 96. . Montgomery. 97 Toombs. 98 Tattnall. .36.646 . 10,736 .10,078 .12.897 .25,140 . 11,520 .20,202 .36.227 . 5,586 . 9,147 . 5.213 .15,016 .23,609 .22,835 .35,501 .19.638 .11,206 .18,569 Loca. County Pop. r9 Bulloch. 100 Bryan. 101. . . . Effingham. 102 Chatham. 103 Stewart. 104 Webster. 105 Sumter. 106 Dooly. 107 Wilcox. 108 Dodge. 109 Telfair. 110 Quitman. Ill Clay. 112. .. . Randolph. 113 Terrell. 114 Lee. 115 Crisp. 116 Worth. .26.464 . 6,702 . 9,971 .79.690 .13.437 . 6.151 .29.093 .20.554 .13,486 .20,127 .13.288 . 4,594 . 8,896 .18,841 .22.003 .11,679 .16.423 .19,147 44 Counties of Georgia — Continued Loca. County Pop. 117 Turner. .10,075 118 Tift. .11,487 119 Irwin. .19,461 120 Ben Hill. .11,863 131 Coffee. .21,953 123 Jeff Davis.. 6,050 123 Appling. .12,318 124 Wayne. .13,069 Loca. County Pop. 125 Liberty. .12,924 126 Mcintosh.. 6,442 127 Early. .18,122 128 Calhoun . . 11,384 13!) Dougherty . . 16.035 130 Baker. . 7,973 131 Miller. . 7,986 132 Mitchell . . 22,114 Loca. County Pop. 133 Colquitt. .19,789 134 Berrien. .22,772 135 Ware.. 22,957 136 Pierce. .10,749 137 Glynn. .15,730 138 Decatur. .29,045 139 Grady. .18,457 140 Thomas. .39,071 Loca. County Pop. 141 Brooks. 142 Lowndes. 143 Echols. 144 Clinch. 145 Charlton. 146 Camden. .23,832 .24,436 . 3,309 8,434 . 4,722 . 7,690 Total 2,609,121 Georgia Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. A •Abbeville ... 107 ... 1,201 Acree 129 200 Acworth 30... 1,043 AdairsviUe 24 751 Adel 134... 1,902 Adrian 85. . . . 816 Alley 96. . . . 306 Ainslee 94. . . . 200 Alamo 96 249 Alapaha 134 533 •Albany 129... 8,190 Alexanderville 143. . . . 200 Allapaha . . . .134. . . . 429 Alma 123 458 •Alpharetta ...26.... 356 *Americus ... 105. . .8,063 Amsterdam . .138. . . . 250 Apalachee ... .51 ... . 481 •Appling 56. . . . 200 Arabi 115 433 Aragon 38... 1,200 Argvle 144 280 Arlington ... .128. .. 1,308 •Ashburn 117... 2,214 Atco 24... 1,000 •Athens 39.. 14,913 Atkinson . . . .124. . . . 200 •Atlanta 31.154,839 .Vttapulgus . .138. . . . 360 Auburn 33 217 •Augusta 67.. 41,040 Austell 30 755 Autreyville . .133 200 A vera 66. . . . 228 B Babb 48 600 Babcock ... .131 402 Baconton . .. .132 291 Baden 141 300 •Bainbridge .. 138. . .4,217 Baldwin 13 280 Ball Ground. . .25 448 Balloon 144. .. . 300 Bannockburn 134. . . . 350 Barnesville .. .71 .. .3,068 Barnett 54. . . . 381 Barnev 141 . . . . 300 Bartow 66. . . . 384 Barwick 141 381 Battlehill 31. . . . 223 ♦Baxley 123 831 Beach 135 358 Belfast 100. .. . 300 Bellville 98. . . . 400 Bethlehem . . . .35. . . . 309 Bibb City 88 463 Bingen 138. . . . 300 Bishop 38. . . . 368 •Blackshear .136... 1,335 •Blairsville . . . .8. . . . 208 •Blakelv ... .127. . .1,838 •Blue Ridge . . .6 898 BUiffton Ill 325 Bogart 38 257 Boston 140... 1,130 Bostwick 51.. 333 Bowdon 44. . . . 541 Bowersville ...23.... 398 Bowman 37 . . . . 738 Bremen 43. . . . 890 Brewton 95. . . . 314 Bridgeboro ..116 350 Touni- Loca. Pop. Brinson 138. Bronwood . . . 113. Brooklet 99. Brooks 59. Broxton 121. •Brunswick ..137. •Buchanan . . .43. Buckhead 51 . •Buena Vista. .90. Buford 33. Bullockville . . .70. Burtsboro 9. •Butler 79. Byronville . . .106. Byron 93. C •Cairo 139. •Calhoun 17. Camak 54. •Camilla . . . .132. Campania ... .56. Canon 22. •Canton 25. Carlton 36. •Carnesville ..22. •CarroUton ...44. •Cartersville ..24. Cassville 24. Cave Spring. . . 16. Cecil 134. •Cedartown . . .28. Center 34. Chatsworth ... .5. Chattahoochee . 31 . Chauncey . . . .108. Chester 108. Chickamauga ..2. Chipley 77. •Clarkesville ..13. Clarkston 32. Claxton 98. •Clayton 12. •Cleveland . . . .11. Clifton 100 Clifton 32 Climax 138. Clinton 74. Clyo 101. Cobbtown 98. Cochran ..... .94. Cohutta 4. Colbert 36. Coleman 112 . Cole City 1. Collegepark ...31. Collins 98. •Colquitt . . . .131. •Columbus ... .88. Comer 36. Commerce . . . .34. Concord 71 . •Conyers 49. Coolidge 140. •Cordele 115. Cornelia- 13. Council 144 . •Covington . . .50. Crandall 5. Crawford 40. Craw^fordville. .53. Creighton 25. Culloden 73. Culverton 64. . . . 707 . . . 465 . . . 361 . . . 200 . . 1,040 . 10,182 . . . 462 . . . 384 . .1,016 . .1,688 . . . 204 . . . 250 . . . 705 . . . 300 . . . 300 ..1,505 . .1,632 . . . 241 . .1,827 . . . 300 . . . 728 . .2,002 . . . 325 . . . 322 . . 3,297 . .4,067 . . . 500 . . . 805 . . . 354 . .3,551 . . . 208 ...314 .1.000 . . . 350 . . . 378 . . . 313 . . . 742 . . . 528 . . . 349 . .1,008 . . . 541 . . . 200 1,000 2.500 . . . 338 . . . 850 . . . 200 . . . 254 . .1,638 . . . 283 . . . 255 . . . 354 . . . 700 . .2,173 . . . 327 . . . 600 .30,554 . . . 868 . . . 338 . . . 450 . .1,919 . . . 303 ..5,883 ..1,114 . . . 350 . .2.697 . . . 220 . . . 870 . . . 668 . . . 300 . . . 365 . . . 283 Toiof.v Loca. Pop. •Cumming ... .27. •Cusseta 89. •Cuthbert . . . .112. D •Dohlonega ... .9. Daisv 98. •Dallas 29. •Dalton 4. Danburg 41 . •Danielsville . .36. Danville 82. •Darien 126. Davisboro 76. •Dawson . . . .113. •Decatur 32 . Demorest 13. •Denton 122. Desoto 105. Devereaux . . .64. . 95 . . .138. ..141. Dexter Diffee Dixie Dodge 2. Doerun 133. Donaisonville . 131*. Dorchester ..125. •Douglas . . . .121 . •Douglasville. .45. •Dublin Duluth . Du Pont E .95 .33. 144. ...7. .108. . .31. East Ellijay. •Eastman . . . East Point . . E. Thomaston. 72. •Eatonton . . . .63. Edge wood ... .32 . Edison 128. Egan 31. Egvpt 101. •Elberton ....37. Elko 93. Ellabell 100. •Ellaville 91. •Ellijay 7. Elsie 135. Emerson 24. Empire 108. Enigma 134. Epworth 6. Essie 12. Eton 5. Euharlee 24. Evelyn 137. Ewing 144. Experiment .60. .138. . .46. .17. Faceville . . . •Fairburn Fair Mount. Fargo 144 . Farmington . .38. •Favetteville .59. Ficklin 41 . Fife 46. Fin ley son •Fitzgerald Fleming . . Flovilla . . Flowery •Folkston •Forsytli .94. .120. .125. , .61. . .20. .145. . .73. . . 305 . . 341 .3,213 . . 829 . . 300 .1,259" .5.324 272 . . 323 . . 299 .1,391 . . 598 . 3,837 .3,463 . . 760 . . 300 . . 238 . . 350 . . 550 . . 400 . . 343 . . 700 . . 630 . . 749 . . 300 .3,550 .1,463 .5,795 . . 469 .. 343 .. 291 .2,355 . 3,682 . . 385 .3,036 .3,500 . . 841 . . 300 . . 400 .6,483 . . 273 . . 350 . . 673 . . 659 . . 300 . . 316 . . 250 . . 338 . . 278 . . 200 . . 309 . . 200 . . 200 . . 200* . . 500 . . 325 .1,395 . . 336 . . 300 . . 200 . . 709 . . 211 . . 200 . . 332 .5.795 . . 200 . . 495 . . 373 . . 355 .2,208 Loca. Pop. •Fort Gaines. 111. Fort Screven. 102. Fort Valley. . .93. Franklin Freehomes Ffuitland Fry Funston G •Gainesville Garfield Gay Geneva •Georgetown . •Gibson Gillsville ... Girard Glenmore . . . Glenville . . . Glenwood . . , Godfrey .... Gordon Grantville Graymont . . Grayson . . . . •Greensboro •Greeneville •Griffin Groveland Grovetown Guytown 11 Habersham Haddock Hagan Hahira •Hamilton . , Hammett . . . Hampton Hapeville . . . Harlem Harrison Harrisonville •Hartwell .. Harvest .... •Hawkinsville •Hazelhurst Helena Hephziba . . . Herod •Hiawassee Hickox Higgston High Shoals. Hillsboro . . . Hiram Hiawasse . . . Hogansville Hollysprings •Homer .... •Homerville Hoschton . . . Huching . . . . Hutchings .57. ..25. 143. . . .6. .133. .20. .20. .70. .78. 110. .65. .20. .68. 135. .98. .96. .51. .83. .58. .85. .33. .70. .60. 100. .56. 101. .13. .74. .98. 142. '. 80'. .48. .31. .56. .76. .67. .23. .13. 94. 122. 109. .67. 113. .10. 134. .96. .38. .62. .29. .10. .69. .25. 21 i44. .34. .40. 40. Iron City. . . .138. Irwinton o3 . Irwinville ...119. 3 •.lackson 61 . Jacksonville .109. 1,320 . 500 2,697 . 340 . 200 . 200 . 326 . 236 .5,925 . . 319 . . 210 . . 210 . . 213 . . 367 . . 216 . . 229 . . 200 . . 640 . . 347. . . 337 . . 702 .1.132 . . 417 . . 278 .2,120 . . 909 .7,478 . . 350 . . 558 . . 545 . 20» . . 312 . . 784 . . 650 . . 403 . . 250 .1,093 . . 864 . . 736 . . 383 .1,882 .2.007 . . 200 . 3,430 .1,181 . . 890 . . 656 , . 214 . . 200 . . 231 . . 207 . . 550 . . 209 . . 2.54 . . 226 .1,230 . . 251 . . 228 . . 437 . . 429 . . 200 . . 200 . . 4.59 . 249 . . 300 ,1,863 . 450 Kxplanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the .<5ama as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 45 Georgia Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations 'liJUIlii Luca. Pop. Jakin 137. * Jasper 18. * Jefferson ... .34. * Jeffersonville 82. Jenkinsburg . .61 . *Jossiip 124. * Jonesboro . . .47 . Junction City. 78. K Kennesaw . . . .30. Kestler 127. , Kildare 101. Kingston 24 Kingwood Kirkwood Kite *Knoxville .133. . 32 . .84. .80. 126. . .3. .69. Lacey *La Fayette. *Lagrange . . Lake Park... 142. Lambert . . . .125. Lavonia 22. *Lavvrenceville 33. Lawtonville . .86. Leary 138. *Leesburg . . . 114. Leia 138. Leiiaton 121. Leriox 134. Leslie 105. Letford 100. •Lexington . . .40. Lilly 106. Limerick .... 125. *Lincolnton . .42. Lindale 16. Linton 64 . Linwood 24. Lithia Springs. 45 Lithonia .32. Locust Grove. .48. Loganville Loneoak Ijongpond ♦Louisville Ludowici Lula Lumber Citv.109.. .35. .70. . .96. .66. .125. . 20 . .103. TO. ♦Lumpkin Luthersville Lyerly 15. ♦Lyons 97. Lytle 3.. M McCaysville . . .6. ♦McDonough ..48. . . 622 . . 332 .1,207 . . 740 . . 237 .1,415 . . 970 . . 325 . . 573 . . 413 .. 200 . . 522 . . 267 .1,226 . . 241 . . 211 . . 300 .1.590 .5,587 . . 385 . . 200 .1,713 .1,518 . . 200 . . 430 . . 705 .. 531 . . 300 . . 306 . . 393 . . 250 . . 545 . . 221 . . 200 . . 375 .2,64,3 . ." 533 .. 227 .1,428 . . 716 . . 600 . . 247 . . 250 ,1,039 . . 541 . . 309 .1,195 .1,190 . . 349 . . 323 .. 927 .. 300 Mcintosh ♦McRae Mableton ♦Macon ♦Madison Malone .125. .109. . .30. . .81. ..51. .115. Manassas 98. Manchester . . .70. Manor 135. Mansfield . . . .50. Mapleton . . . .132 . Marblehill ....18. ♦Marietta ....30. Marion 7 . Marshallville .92. Martin 14. Maxeys 40. Maysville 21 . Meansville ... .71. Meigs 140. Meldrim 101. Mento 15. Metcalf 140. Metier 99. Midville 68. .1,353 . . 882 . . 262 .1,160 . . 300 40,665 .2,412 . . 300 . . 200 . . 922 . . 200 . . 5891 . . 290 . . 400 .5,949 . . 300 .1,082 . . . 377 . . 3.34 . . . 805 . . . 233 . . 697 . . 300 . . . 376 . . 314 .408 . . . 603 Towns Loca. Pop. Milan 109. ♦Milledgeville 75. ♦Millen 86. . Millerville ... .94. Millhaven ... .87. Milltown ....134. Milner 71. Milstead 49. Mineralbluff . . .6. Mitchell 65. Modoc 85. Molena 71. ♦Monroe 35. . Monte 85. Jlontezuma ...92. ♦Monticello . . .62. Moreland 58. Morgan 13? .47. . .74. .141. .133. 10. ., Morrow Morton Morven ♦Moultrie Mountain Scene Mount Airy. . .13 ♦Mount Vernon 96 Mountville . . .69. Nacoochee . . . 11 . ♦Nashville ...134 Naylor 143 Nellieville . . ..106 Nelson 18 Newborn 50 Newell 145 New Holland.. 30 ♦Newnan 58 ♦Newton . . . .130 Nichols 121 Nielly 109 Nile 141 Ninety-Eight Mile Post... 121 Nona 63. Norcross 33 Norman Park. 133 Norwood 54 Nye 53 O Oakfield 116 Oakhurst 30 Ochlochnee . .140 ♦Ocilla 119 Odum 124 Offerman ....136 ♦Oglethorpe . .92 Oliver 87 Olympia 142 Omaha 103 Omega 118 Orland 96 Osierfield 119 Owens 146 Oxford 50 Ozell .141 P Palmetto 46 Parrott 113 Patterson . . .136 Pavo 140 Pearson 121 Pelham 132 Pembroke . . .100 Pendergrass ..34 Penfield . . Pf'pperton Perkins . . ♦Perry ..53. .61. .86. 93. Pidcock 141 . Pinebloom ...131. Pinehurst . . . .106. Pineview . . . .107. Pitts 107. . . 287 .4,385 .2,030 . . 400 . 1,000 . 1,247 .. 400 . . 900 .. 338 . . 312 .. 300 . . 398 .3,029 . . 300 .1,630 .1,508 . . 312 . . 302 . . 255 . . 250 . . 383 .3,349 250 .. 256 .. 605 . . 236 . . 200 . . 990 . . 538 . . 503 .. 550 .. 475 . . 200 .2,000 .5,548 . . 360 . . 730 .. 200 .. 200 .. 300 . . 350 .. 968 .. 648 . . 340 .. 300 . . 276 . . 233 . . 350 .3,017 .. 258 . . 483 . . 924 '. '. 200 . . 209 .. 274 . . 457 .. 300 . . 200 . . 655 .. 200 . . 923 . . 360 . . 364 . . 573 . . 558 . . 880 . . 467 . . 339 . . 475 . . 454 . . 225 . . 649 . . 2.50 . . 451 . . 330 . . 708 . . 279 TOICHS Loca. Pop. Plains 105. Pooler 102. Porterdale . . .51 . Potterville . . .79. Poulan 116. Powder Sp'gs..30. ♦Preston 104. Pretoria 139. Pulaski 99. Q Quitman . . . .144. B Rays Mill 134. Rebecca 117, .94. ..99. . 142 . . . 95 . . .79. .108. .103. .106. . .126. Rebel Register ♦Reidsville Remerton Rentz . . . Reynolds Rhine . . . Richland Richivood Ridgeville ♦Ringold 3 Rising Fawn. . .1 Ritch 124 Roberta 80 Rochelle ....107 Rock Mart. .. .28 Rocky Ford. . 97 Rogers 86 ♦Rome 16 Rossville 2 Roswell 30 Roy 7 Royston 22 Rutledge 51 S Saint Clair. . Saint George. 145 ♦Saint Marys. 146 Saint Simons Mills 137 Sale City 132. ♦Sandersville .76 Sargent 58 Sasser 113 Satilla Bluff. 146 ♦Savannah . .102 Scott 84 Scottdale 32 Screven 124 Senoia 58 Shady Dale 63 Sharon Sliellman . Shiloh .... Siloam .... Slate Smarrs Smithonia Smithville Smvrna . . . , , Snow 106 Social Circle. . .35 Soperton 96 Sparks 134 ♦Sparta 64 Spread 66 ♦Springfield . .101 ♦Spring Place. .5 Starrsvillo ....50 ♦Statesboro . . .99 Statham 34 Stevens Pottery. 75 Stilesboro ... .24 Stillmore 85 Stockbridge . . .48 Stockton 144 Stone Mountain, 32 ♦Summerville .1.5 Summerville . .67 . . . 400 . . . 337 .1,000 . . 300 . . . 652 . . . 315 . . . 259 . . . 369 . . 207 . . 3,'915 . . . 300 . . . 252 . . . 200 . . 300 . . . 454 . . . 200 . . . 275 . . . 521 . . . 321 . . . 250 . . . 600 . . . 300 . . . 398 '. '. '. 201 . . . 227 . . . 860 ..1,034 . . . 385 . . . 300 .12,099 . .1,059 . .1,158 . . . 300 ..1,422 . . . 696 .68 200 . .;>3. .113. . .n. ..52. ..23. . .73. . .40. .114, .30. . . 402 ..2,641 . . . 200 . . 441 , . . 300 .65,064 ...212 . . . 400 . . . 276 ..1,111 . . . 344 . . . 246 . . . 785 . . . 250 . . . 300 . . . 500 . . . 300 . . . 266 . . . 574 . . . 599 . . . 300 ..1,590 . . . 469 . . . 842 . .1,715 . . . 370 . . . 504 . . . 242 . . . 400 . . 2,i>29 . . . 621 . . . 200 . . . 200 . . . 645 . . . 200 . . . 200 . .1,062 . . . 657 . .4,361 Toiiiii Loca. Pop. Summit . . . . Sumner Sunny Side. . .Surrency . . . . Buwanee .... ♦Swainsboro Sycamore . . . ♦Sylvania . . . ♦Sylvester T ♦Talbotton . . Tallapoosa . . Tarrytown . . Tate Temple Tennille . . . . Thebes Thelma ♦Thomaston . ♦Thomasville ♦Thomson . , . Thunderbolt ♦Tifton Tignall Tilton ♦Toccoa . . . . Toomsboro . . ♦Trenton Trion Tunnel Turin . Tvbee Ty Ty. .85. ,116. , .60. .123. .33. , ,85. .117. ..87. .116. . .78. . .43. . 96. .18. .44, Hill ,125. .144. 72 .i4o! .55. , 102 . ,118. , .41. , . .4. , .14. .83. . . .1. ..15. 4. ..58. ,102. .118. V Unadilla Union City. . . . Union Point. . I'pton Uvalda ♦Valdosta . Vidalia ♦Vienna Villa Rica. . . , Vinings , W Waco Wadley Waleska .... ♦Warrenton . Warwick ♦Washington Wassaw ♦Watkinsville Waverly Hall, ♦Waycross . . ♦Waynesboro Waynesville . Waynmanville West Point . . , Whigham . . . White Hall , . , White Plains Whitesburg . Wjllacoochee .. Winder ■V\'inokur ... Winterville Woodbury . . . Woodstock Woodville Wray Wrens ♦Wrightsville Y Tatesvllle Young Ilarris Z Zaidee ♦Zebulon Zirkle 106. . ..46. . . . 52 . . .121.. ..96. . .142.. . .97.. .106. . ..44.. ..30., . . 43 . . ..66. . ..25. . . ..54. . .116. , . .41. , ,102. , .38. . '.is'y'. '. .68. , 124. '.'69.! 139. . .39. , 52 , . 44 . 121. . ,34. 145 . , .39. ..70. 119. .66. . .84.. .96. .71. 136. . 566 . 336 . 200 . 359 . 250 1,313 . 296 1,400 1,447 1.081 2,117 . 236 . 500 . 711 1,623 . 300 . 200 1,645 6,727 2.151 . 592 2,381 . 320 . 243 3,130 . 404 . 302 1,721 . 395 . 363 . 786 . 276 1,003 . 534 1,363 . 200 . 200 7,656 1,776 1,564 . 855 . 250 . 336 . 872 . 343 1,368 . 266 3,065 . 543 . .483 . 300 14,485 2,724 . 300 . 315 1,906 . 627 . 2.30 . 407 . 315 . 690 2,443 . 204 . 465 . .917 . 443 . 250 . 400 . 616 1,389 . 366 . 283 . 200 . 602 . 300 A FEW INDUSTRIAL FACTS ABOUT GEORGIA. Rice. — Rice is an important product which can be easily produced in Georgia of very superior quality. The average yield is about 12 barrels per acre and in favorable seasons a second crop of 8 to 10 barrels may be obtained. This product sells for about $3.50 a barrel. Transportation. — The facilities for transporting any product of the state to the outside world include over 7.000 miles of steam railway and 2,500 miles of navigable rivers. Asbestos. — Nearly the entire domestic supply of asbestos, used in fireproofing, electrical insulation, steam pipe and boiler covering, paints and building inaterial, is mined in the Georgia mountains. mica. The Georgia mica belt is a continuation of. and promises to be equally as rich as the famous belt of North Carolina which produces today the best mica found in the world. 46 General Description of the State — Opportunities for New Settlers GEORGIA A Land of Subtropical Fruits, Cotton and Rice. In climate, forestry and lumber, agriculture and horticulture, Georgia has much which will interest the land seeker. Nearly all the productions of tem- perate and subtropical regions are cultivated here successfully. Cotton is the great staple and Georgia is one of the foremost of the cotton-producing States. Other staple crops are corn and rice. The State ranks third In rice-producing States and third in cotton. Of sweet potatoes the average annual yield is 5,000,000 bushels. Diverisfied farming: is becoming more and more general, and market gardening a leading and profit- able pursuit. The extent of fruit and vegetable growing for the northern markets may be judged from the fact that there are at present in this State over 120,000 acres devoted entirely to the growing of watermelons. A lesson being- learned is that when a climate and soil is found which is adapted to the production of a certain staple fruit or vegetable, for which there is growing and continuous deinand the more culti- vators who engage in raising that article in the district where grown the better for each producer. Strawberries, peaches, oranges, cantaloupes, grapes, sugar beets and other production of the soil occupy the special attention of great numbers of agricul- turists and horticulturists, who find it to advantage to enter into combination with each other in the cultivation of the special product. This co-operation of many engaged in the same line of agricultural pro- duction results in a competition which secures ex- cellence, and causes a diffusion of information on the subject of cultivation, harvesting, shipping and mar- keting which is helpful to all farmers and fruit growers who thus combine together. From a careful reading of these different descrip- tions of States relating to soil and climate, vegetables and fruits adapted to particular localities the land seeker, especially fond of any special kind of farm or horticultural work, can very closely judge as to which State and to what region he had better go to satisfy his inclination. If lumber business is desired it may be remembered that this State is headquarter for "Georgia Pine," while the gre.at forests are besides abundantly sup- plied with fine hardwoods, comprising oak, hickory and other woods in such large variety as to annually supply over 200,000,000 feet. In fact the extensive pine forests of this State are one of the chief sources of natural wealth, the byproducts of pine — resin and turpentine — yielding an annual revenue some years of $4,000,000. The total annual lumber product in various years amounts to $18,000,000. In horticultural production Georgia has the ad- vantage of a climate which, in the interior of the State, permits the ripening of garden products one month earlier than in the northern fields. The soil of the northwestern part of the State is a rich calcareous deposit; in the north a gray sand and red clay; in the central cotton belt a yellow loam with stiff cliy subsoil; in the pine barrens and southwest a light sand; in the lowlands it is of a sandy, gravelly character. HEALTHY REGIONS. The climate is very healthful, particularly the mountain and pine barren regions, where lung and catarrhal diseases are almost unknown. In the north- ern portion of the State the snows are light; the winters and summers free from extremes. In central Georgia the winters are mild, the summer days ex- cessively hot, but the nights cool. The coast and soutliwest Georgia have agreeable winters with little frost, but the summers are long and enervating and this section is subject to fevers and cholera. The average annual temperature is about 6."i: average rainfall 40 to ."lO inches. The extreme limits of frost periods are from October 20 to April 20. The land seekers in Georgia will find a general am'aUening I'ere '.n manufacturing. Water power is abundant, widely distributed and continuous as the rivers and streams never freeze. Having these ad- vanta.ges, and having no need to import the cotton, wool, iron and wood used. Georgia clnims the ability to manufacture more cheaply tlian any other State. The manufactures include cotton goods, flour and srist mill products, foundry and machine shop products, tar, turpentine, naval stores, and agricultural imple- inents. By the last census the capital employed in manufacturing was shown to be $135,211,501; the em- ployes numbered ;»it2,74!i, and the value of manufac- tured products, annually was $151,040,455. If interested in cotton manufacture the land seeker should go to Augusta, where the claim is made that in that city more unbleached cotton is made than in any city in the Lnited States, large quantities of these goods being exported to Africa and Cliina. Atlanta has numerous industrial enterprises. Rome and Macon are great trade centers and cotton mar- kets. Tallapoosa has glass works and furnaces. West Point cotton mills, and Valdosta naval stores. Large quantities of superior marble for ornamental and building purposes are quarried at Tate and otlier places and exported to all parts of the Union. While man.v negroes are in the agricultural dis- tricts the center of colored population has moved west and out of the State. In 1880 the center of negro population was in Walker County, Georgia. In 1890 it had moved southwest 22 tb miles, but was yet in the same county. In 1000 it had moved across the state line and into DeKalb County, in Alabama, a southwestern movement of 11 miles. The total west- ward movement of the center from 1880 to ItlOO was 27 miles and its southern movement 14 miles, sliow- ing that the trend of negro population is South and West, although the number of negroes in the North- ern states has increased. CONDENSED FACTS RELATING TO GEORGL\. Altitude. — Mt. Enota. in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which rises to an elevation of 4,798 feet. The Blue Ridge enters tlie State in Towns County, in the north eastern part oi the State. Climate. — .Xnnual average. January: Atlanta, 43 above; July, 78; extreme. 100 above, 8 below; rain- fall, 52.0 inches. Savannah. January, 51; July 82; ex- treme. 105 and 8 above; rainfall, 51.9. Dimensions. — Area of state; Extreme length 315 miles; breath 250 miles. Public Institutions. — Location of: Asylum for in- sane and penitentiary, Milledgeville ; School for deaf and dumb. Cave Spring. Floyd County; Asylum for blind, Macon; Reform school, Augusta; State Uni- versity, Athens; School for feeble-minded, Milledge- ville; State Historical Society, Savannah; State Agri- cultural School, Dahlonega; Eye and ear infirmary, Atlanta; State normal training school, Atl3.nta; State fisheries, Atlanta; Orphan asylums, Decatur and Au- gusta. Voter. — Must be citizen who has paid all his taxes since 1877, been a resident of the State one year, of the county six months. Excluded if convicted of bri- bery, felony or larceny, unless pardoned; idiots and insane. NEW GREAT INDUSTRY OF GEORGIA. Cottonseed Oil. — It is only within the last few years that the cottonseed has been discovered to be almost as valuable as the cotton itself. For general cooking purposes cottonseed oil has no superior. A purely vegetable fat, it possesses peculiar dietic and hygienic properties. As a general food for cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, cottonseed meal and cotton- seed hulls are unequaled. They are both a builder and fattener and stock fed upon them are invariably strong and healthy. The product from the 140 cotton mills of Georgia annually is worth over $14,- 000.000 and the export brings to the state $4,500,000. Seventeen million dollars are now invested there in the manufacture of cottonseed meal. GEORGIA "PAPER SHELL" PECAN NITS. .N^nother Georgia, industry of great promise is the cultivation of the pecan, the most valuable of all the commercial nuts. King of all the nut-bearing trees, the pecan attains to greatest degree of perfection in the cotton belt, and Professor John Craig of Cornell Univer- sity, one of the foremost authorities on horticultural subjects in the TTnited States, first decided upon Georgia as the ideal locality for the production of this delicious nut on a commercial scale. The Georgia nut is termed the "paper shell'' pecan, on account of the ease with which it is broken by the pressure of the thumb and forefinger. They attain immense size. 47 IDAHO STATE AND THE 27 COUNTIES OF IDAHO With Their Boundaries Location and Populatiou of IDAHO COLNTIES Lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1 Bonner. 2 Kootenai . 3 Shoshone. 4 Latah. 5. . . . Clearwater. 6 Nez Perce. ^ Lewis. 8 Idaho. 9 Adams. 10 Lemhi. H. . . "Washington. 12 Boise. 13 Custer. 14 Freinont . 15 Canyon. 16 Ada. 17 Elmore. 18 Blaine. 19 Bingham . 20. . . . Bonneville. 21 Owyhee. 22.... Twin Falls. 23 Lincoln . 24 Cassia. 25 Oneida. 26 Bannock. 27 Bear Lake. .13,588 .23,747 . 13,963 .18,818 .24,860 . 12,384 '. '4,786 .11,101 . 5,250 . 3,001 .21,603 .25,323 .29,088 . 4,785 . 8,387 ,23,306 25,323 . 4,041 .13,543 .12.676 . 7.197 15,170 .19,242 7,729 Total 325,594 IDAHO. Towns Loca Pop. *Albion . -Almo . . . American Ammon . Archer .\rco . . . . Ashton Athol . . . Atlanta . Bancroft Basalt . . Basin . . , Bellevue *Blackfoot Bloomington A 24. 24. Falls. 25. 19. 14. 18. . . . ; . 14 . 2. 17. ..26. . .19. ..24. ..18. ..19. .27. 'Boise (capitaDie. Bonners Ferry.. 1. Bryan 19. Buhl 22. Burke 3. Burley 24. . . . 392 . . . 401 . . . 953 . . . 214 . . . 251 . . . 322 . . . 502 . . . 281 . . . 302 . . . 203 . . . 201 . . . 302 . . . 702 ..2,202 . . . 702 17,358 . .1,071 . . . 301 . . . 639 . . . 501 . . . 501 Cabinet 1. *Caldwell 15. .11. .18. .10. .13. .26. .14. Cambridge Carey Carmen . . . •Challis . . . Chesterfield Clawson . . Clifton 25. *Couer d'Alene. .2. Cottonwood ....8. ♦Council 9. Culdesac 6. Custer 13. D De Lamar 21. Dempsey 26. Desmet Downey Driggs . Dubois . .2. .26. .14. .14. . 251 3,543 . 349 . 701 . 201 . 338 . 325 . 2.52 . 502 7,291 . 555 . 312 . 436 . 201 . 701 . 246 . .501 . 301 . 252 . 502 r-;^cx it^...;>>JI^-..:... -. -,....^.K.-ic-:.:'«:-'-\--- ' .-h IDAHO CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS Loca. Pop. Elba .24. .. 301 Elk City ..8. .. 201 Emmett .15. .2,351 F Fairview .... .25. . . 401 Farnum .14. .. 201 Featherville . . .17 .. 102 Filer .22. .. 214 Franklin .25. .. 534 G Garner .25. . . 502 Gem ..3. . . 375 Genesee . .4. . . 742 Gentile Valley. .26. . . 201 Georgetown . . .27 . . 412 Gibbonsville . . .10. . . 502 Glenns Ferry. . .17. . . 802 Gooding .23. .1,444 *Grangeville . . ..8. .1,534 Granite 1. Tiiwns Loca. Pop. Grant 14. Gray 20. Haden . . . Hagerman Hahn .... *Hailey . . Harrison . Heyburn . Hope 1. Horse Shoe Bend 12. .14. .23. .10. .18. ..2. .23. 201 201 . . 503 . . 308 . . 201 .1,231 . . 932 . . 403 . . 215 ♦Idaho City. .12. ♦Idaho Falls... 20. Ho 7. Independence ..14. Inkom 26. lona 20. Irwin 20. . 302 . . 262 .4,827 . . 209 . . 302 . . 203 . . 353 . . 252 Tiiwns Loca. Pop. Jerome . . Juliaetta Kamiah . Kellogg . Kendrick Ketchum Kooskia . Kootenai Laclede . . Lago Lane ♦Lewiston Lewisv'ille Lincoln . . Lookout . . Lorenco . . Lost River Lyman . . . .23. ..8. 972 414 K ..7... ..3... ..4... .18. .. ..8... ..1... . 324 1,273 . 543 . 201 . 301 . 252 .. 402 . . 301 . . 201 .6,043 . . 346 . . 401 . . 203 . . 2,52 . . 301 . . 403 48 Idaho Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations — Continued 'I'dirn.s Loca. Pop. M JlcCammon ...26.... 331 Mackay 13 638 *Malad City 25. . .1,303 Marion 24. . . . 551 Marysville 14 . . . . 298 Meadows 9. . . . 251 Menan 14. . . . 299 Meridian 16. . . . 619 Middleton 15. . . . 450 Midvale 11. . . . 201 Milner 22 . . . . 201 Minkcreek . . . .25. . . . 201 Monroe 19. . . . 351 Montpelier ... .27 ... 1,924 •Moscow 4. . .3,670 ♦Mount'n Home. 17 .. .1,411 Mullan 3. . .1,667 N Nampa 15. . .4,205 Naples 1 251 New Plymouth. 15. . . . 274 •Nez Perce 7. . . . 599 Towns Loca. Pop. Niter 26. . . . 402 Novene 27. . . . 462 O Oaklev 24. . . . 911 Oreana 21. . . . 302 *Orofino 5. . . . 389 Ovid 27 351 Oxford 26 502 P *Paris 37. . .1,038 Parker 14. . . . 432 Parma 15 338 Pavette 15. . .1,948 Peck 6 236 *Pocatello 26. . .9,112 Post Falls 2. . . . 658 Potlatch 4. . .1,500 Preston 25. . .2,110 Priest River 1 . . . . 248 Princeton 4. . . . 201 B Rathdrum 2. . . . 725 Reno .■ .14. . . . 202 Toicns Loca. Pop. Rexburg 14... 1,893 Reynolds 31 201 Rigby 14 555 Robin 26. . . . 251 Rocky Bar 17 . . . . 201 Rossfork 19... 1,402 Rudy 14 203 Rupert 23 297 S *Saint Anthony. 14. . .1,228 Saint Charles. .27. ... 602 Saint Maries. . . .2 . . . . 869 *Salmon 10... 1,434 Salubria 11. . . . 302 Samaria 35. . . . 366 *Sand Point 1... 2,993 Shelbey 19 537 ♦Shoshone 23... 1,155 *Silver City 21 403 Soda Springs. . .36. ... 501 Soldier 18 366 South Boise. . . .16. . . . 885 Spirit Lake 2. . . . 907 Towns Loca. Pop. Squirrel 14. . . . 201 Star 16 301 Stites 8. . . . 301 Sugar 14 391 T Teton 14 701 Thornton 14. . . . 252 Trov 4. . . . 548 *Twin Falls. . . .22. . .5,2.58 V Vanwyck 12 279 Victor 14. . . . 301 Vollmer 7- 332 W * Wallace 3. . .3,001 Wardner 3... 1,369 *Weiser 11... 3,603 Wendell 23 482 Weston 25 398 Whitney 25. . . . 302 Winch-ster 7 403 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Idaho is a part of the Rocky Mountain range, with its area so broken by vast mountains, the tops of which are so covered with perpetual snow, as to greatly limit that poi'tion of the State which is susceptible to a high degree of agricultural use- fulness. A study of geology reveals the fact that these lofty mountains were once voloanos, and over the plains in the valleys, covering hundreds of square miles, the lava ran down from the mountain craters and made the foundation upon which, in the lapse of thousands of years, a fertile soil has been created where can be grown most abundant crops of wheat, various grains and fruits in gen- erous variety. Aided b.v irrigation and the intense sunshine, which prevails in the valleys, the soil is among the most productive in the world, vegetables and fruits of the finest flavor coming to perfection here two weeks earlier than in other parts of the country in similar latitude, GOOD MARKET TOWNS The niinjerous mining camps which abound among the mountains make an excellent and steady mar- ket for al! thf agricultural productions which can be raised here. If there is an e.xcess the superior quality and flavor of the fruits inake active demand for Idaho productions in Eastern markets. The supposition is the land seeker and owner of this book is searching for highly productive land at low prices in healthy climate, accessible to market. We tlierefore dwell particularly on the agri- cultural features of a region about which we write. While a stiid.v of the topography of Idaho shows it to be in the Rocky Mountain regions, yet in- vestigation shows that it lies mostly to the West of the Ro<'kies, vast stretches of country being lava plains, an arid region only requiring irrigation to make the soil exceedingly productive. The irrigation problem has occupied the atten- tion of the people of the State for years, has re- sulted in impioving 38 per cent of the agricultural area, and has added $12,000,000 of annual agri- cultural wealth to the State. The home seeker who contemplates settlement in any State naturally enquires concerning the fu- ture of that State. As the agricultural wealth of Idaho largel.v hangs on irrigation, it is important to see what the government and private enterprise are intending to do in the reclaiming of deseit land. See elsewhere Government irrigation in this book. Gold was discovered in the Clearwater River Valley. Orafino Creek, in Nezperce county in ISOO. In 1.S62 placers were discovered in Idaho Basin, which have yielded in 150 square miles more than $50,000,000. In 1900 Idaho ranked fourth in the silver pro- ducing states. In the Coeur d'Alene district, in Nezperce county, is produced one fourth of the entire lead product of the United States, and is the chief supply for the smelters of Colorado, Montana and Washington. There are valuable copper de- posits in the Seven Devils' district in Washing- ton and Idaho counties. Cinnabar has been dis- covered carrying a high per cent in quicksilver. The agricultural resources are great in all parts of the State. In climate of Idaho, between plains, valleys and mountains are found great contrasts. The tall mountains of the northern part so arrest the pass- ing clouds as to absorb the most of the moisture they contain, the remaining moisture falls largely in the form of snow. Hence the perpetual snow on the mountain tops and the deep snows in the valleys of the northern part of the State. The result of this great precipitation in the mountains and upper levels is lack of rainfall and moisture in the lower plains and valleys. The melt- ing snow of summer give an unfailing supply of water to all the mountain streams, the most of which run at so high a level as to permit their being turned into canals from which an abundance of water may be obtained to irrigate all the low lands. The long cloudless days, warm temperature and never failing water supply make ideal agricultural conditions in Idaho, which combined with rapidly opening market towns, in the mining regions, the immense yellow pine timber supply, the dry and remarkably healthful atmosphere, the great num- ber of rapid running streams, furnishing power as required — all these advantages must result in the rapid upbuilding of the State. The land seeker from the East soon after enter- ing the State can get very full information as to advantages and opportunities in this region for new settlers at Idaho Falls, in Bingham county, where there is an agricultural e.vperiment station. There are thousands of acres here unsettled and open to filing under tlie desert and homestead acts. The price of land, under ditch, ranges from $10 to $20 per acre, unimproved $5 to $10 per acre. The depth of snow in the winter is one of the principal leasons why stock raising cannot be a success in the extreme northern part of the State. Tlie timber resources of Idaho are immense. The .isreat timber belts are estimated to comprise 35,000 square miles. Altitude: Average elevation. 4,700 feet. Lowest elevation, 647 feet at Lewiston, at junction of Clearwater River with Snake River in Nezperce county. Highest elevation, 12,078 feet. Hyndman Peak in Blaine county. Climate varies with the altitude; air dry and highly rarified. Winter extremely cold and heavy snowfalls in mountain districts; winters moderate on the plains; temperature mild and snowfall light in the valleys. Average annual precipitation over entire State 17..^2 inches. In extreme northern part of the State 46.88 inches, in southern tier of coun- ties, 8.03 inches. Average annua! temperature at Boise, Ada countv. .^0.9 degrees above, the extremes being 28 beiow the coldest, and 107 the warmest. Climate very healthy, perhaps no State in the Union show- ing so low a death rate. Dimensions: Extreme length of State 490 miles; extreme width, SO.'i miles; area, 84,800 square miles. Histor.v: Following down the Clearwater River the Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the region, now in Nezperce county, in 1806. Father De Smet, a Jesuit missionary, established a mission near Coeur d' Mene lake in Kootenai county in 1S42. Prospectors began coming into the State during the gold excitement of 1852. The territory of Idaho established in 1863. 49 ILLINOIS STATE AND THE 102 COUNTIES OF ILLINOIS With Their Boundaries Location and Popu- lation. of ILLINOIS COUNTIES ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1010 1 . .Jo Daviess 2. Stephenson 3. Winnebago 4 Boone 5. . McHenry 6 Lake 7 Carroll 8. . Whiteside 9 Ogle 10 Lee 11 DeKalb 12 Kane 13.... DuPage 14 Cook 5 ISRock Island 16 Henry 17 Bureau 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. , 23. 24. .La Salle .. Kendall . . Grundv Will . . . Mercer Henderson Warren 25 Knox 26. 27. 28. . 29. 30. . 31. 32. . 33. . 34. Stark . . . Peoria . . Putnam . Marshall Woodford Uvingston Kankakee .. Iroquois . Hancock 35 McDonough 36 Fulton 37. . . Tazewell 38 McLean 39 Ford 40 Adams 41 . . . Schuyler, 42 Brown, 43 Cass, 44 Mason . 45. . . . Menard . 46 Logan. 47 Dewitt. 48 Piatt. 49. Champaign. 50. . Vermilion . 51 Pike. 52 Scott. 53. . . . Morgan . 54. .Sangamon. 55. . Christian . 56 Macon. 57. . . Moultrie. 58. . .. Douglas. 59 Edgar. 60. ... Calhoun. 61 Greene. 62 Jersey. 63. . Macoupin . 64 Montgomery. 65 Shelby. 66 Coles. 67. Cumberland. 68 Clark. 69. . . Madison 70 Bond 71. . . . Fayette 72. .Effingham . . . Jasper Crawford . .St. Clair . . Clinton . . Marion Clay Richland 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79 80. . Lawrence 81 ... , Monroe 82. Washington 83. .. Jefferson . Wayne Edwards, Wabash , Randolph. 84 85. 86. 87. 22,657 36.831 . .63,153 .15,181 .32,.509 .55,058 .18,035 .34,507 .27,864 .27,750 . .33,457 . .91,862 . .33,432 !,405.233 . .70,404 . .41,736 . .48,975 ..90,132 ..10,777 . .24,162 . .84,374 . .19,723 . . 9,724 . .23,313 . .46,159 . .10,098 . 100,255 .. 7,761 ..16,679 . .20,506 . .40,465 . .40,752 . .35,543 . .30.638 . .26,887 . .49,.549 . .34,027 . .68,008 . .17,096 . .ei.-'iSS ..14,8.'>2 ..10,397 .17,372 .17,377 .12,796 .30,216 .18,906 .16,736 .51,859 .77,996 .28,622 .10,067 .34,420 .91,024 .34,594 .54,186 .14,630 .19,591 .27,336 . 8,610 .22,363 .13,954 . .50,685 , .35,311 .31,693 .34.517 .14,281 .23,517 .89,847 .17,075 .28,075 .20,0.55 .18,157 .26,281 119,870 .22,832 . 35.094 .18,661 .15,970 .22.661 .13,508 .l(^,^r>9 .39,111 .25,697 .10,049 .14.913 .29,120 Stars on Map Indicate Route of Proposed Ship Canal Across lUinols County Pop. 88. 89. 90. 91 . 92. 93. Perry. .22,088 . . Franklin. .25,943 . Hamilton. .18,227 White. .23,052 . . . Jackson. .35.143 Williamson. .45,098 Loca. County Pop. 94 Saline. .30,204 95 Gallatin. .14,628 96 Union. .21,856 97 Johnson . .14,331 98 Pope. .11,215 99 Hardin. . 7,015 County Pop, 100. .. 101... 102... Alexander. .22,741 . . Pulaski. .15.650 . . . Massac . . 14,200 Total 5,638,591 50 Illinois Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. A'oingiloi Adair . . . . Adams . . . Addieville Addison . . Akin Albany . . . •Albion . . Alden . . . . *Aledo . . . Alexander Alexis . . . . Algonquin Alhambra Allendale Allenville Allerton . . Alma . . . . Alpha . . . . Altamount Alton Altona . . . Alto Pass. Alvin . . . . Amboy . . . Anchor . . . Andalusia Andovjr . Anna Annapolis Annawan . Antioch . . Apple Rive Areola . . . Arenzville Argenta . . Arlington A 25. 35. 40. 82. 13. 89 . . ..85. 5. 22 '.'.'.53'. . . . 24 . 5. ...69. ...86. ...57. . ..50. ...77. . ..16. ...72. 69. ...25. ...96. ...50. . ..10. . ..38. ..15. , .16. ...96. . ..74. , . .16. ...6. 1. ..58. ..43. ..56. .17 Arlington Hghtsl4. Armington Armstrong Arrowsmith Arthur . Ashkum Ashland Ashley . Ashmore Ashton . AssuiTiption Astoria . . Athens . . . Athensville Atkinson . Atlanta . . Atwood . . Auburn . . . Augusta . . Aurora . . . Ava Averyville Aviston . . Avon .... .37 .50. .38. ...58. .33. .43. .82. .66. .10. . . 36 . ..45. . .61. ..16. ..46. ..48. , . .54. . . 34 . ...12. ...92. . ..27. ..76. ...36. .70. .2. Baden Baden . Baileyville . . Baldwin 87. Banner 36. . Barclay 54. . Barrington .... 14. . Barry 51. . Bartelso 76. . Bartlett 14. , Bartonville ... .27. . Batavia 12. , Batchtown ... .60. . Bath 44. . Baylis 51 . . Beardstown . . .43. Season 46. . Beaverville ... .33. . Beckemeyer . . .76. . Beecher 21 Beecher City Belgium Bell . . . Belle Rive. •Belleville Bellewood Bellflower Bellmont . •Belvidere Bement . . Benson . . . Bend Bensenville ..72. ..50. .46. .83. . .14. . .38. . .86. . . .4. ..48. ..69. . .63. . .13. .2,464 . . . 309 . . 250 . . . 269 . . . 579 . . . 208 . . . 618 ..1,281 . . . 209 .2,144 . . . 260 . . 829 . . 642 . . . 433 . . . 560 . . 245 . . 364 . . 380 . . 358 .1,328 17,528 . . 528 . . 551 . . . 319 ..1,749 .. 250 . . 299 .2,809 . . 209 .. 398 . . 682 . . 581 .2,100 . . 518 . . 519 .. 370 .1,943 .. 327 . . 308 . . 366 .1,080 .. 416 .1,096 . . 913 . . 511 . . 779 .1,918 .1,357 .1,340 . . 290 . . 805 .1,367 . . 659 .1,814 .1,146 29,807 . . 780 .2,668 .. 397 .. 865 .. 201 . . 401 . . 358 .. 208 .1,444 .1,647 . . 344 . . 408 .1,253 .4,436 .. 301 . . 475 . . 385 .6,107 . . 303 . . 491 .. 764 . . 543 . . 355 . . 200 . . 372 . . 312 21,122 . . 943 .. 397 . . .551 .7,253 .1,531 . . 205 .1.982 . . 443 Tiitciis Loca. Pup. Benson .... •Benton . . . Berlin .... Bernadotte Berwyn . . . Bethalto . . Bethany . . Bible Grove Biggsville . Big Rock . . Billett .... Birds Birkner . . . Bishop Hill Bismarck . Blackstone Blandinsville Bloomingdale •Bloomington Blue Island. . Bluemound . . Bluffs Bois Bolton Bondville . . . Bone Gap . . . Bonfield . . . . Boody Bourbon . . . . Bourbonnais . Bowen Braceville . . . Bradford .... Bradley Bra id wood . . Breeds Breese Brereton .... Bridgeport . . Brighton .... Brimfield . . . Bristol Broadlands . . Broadwell . . . Brocton Brookfield . . . Brooklyn .... Brookport Brookville . . . Brou"-hton . . . Browning . . . Browns Brownstown . Brussels Bryant Buckinghain Buckley Buda Buffalo Bunker Hill. . Bureau Burlington . . Burnham . . . Burnside .... Burnt Prairie Bush Bushnell . . . . Eushton Butler Byron .30. .89. ..54. .36. .14. .69. .33. .12. .80. .80. .75. .18. .50. .31. .35. .13. .38. .14. .56. .49. .85. .32. .56. .58. .32. .34. .20. .26. .33. .31. .36. .76. .36. .80. .63. .27. .19. .49. .46. .59. .14. .41. 102. . .9. .90. .41. .85. .71. .60. .36. .33. .33. .17. ..54. .63. .17. .13. .14. .34. .91. .93. .35. .66. .64. ..9. . . . 362 . .3,675 . . . 251 . .1,203 ..5,841 . . . 447 . . . 859 . .. 201 . . . 402 . . . 251 , . . 202 . . . 383 . . . 401 . . . 389 . . . 202 . . . 250 . . . 987 . . . 463 .35,769 . . 8,043 . . . 901 . .. 766 . . 335 . . 485 . . 253 . . 517 . . 162 .. 275 . . 303 .. 611 . . 606 .. 971 .. 773 .1.943 .1,951 . . 302 .3,128 .. 603 .2,703 .. 595 . . 576 . . 394 .. 481 .. 246 . . 558 .2.186 .1,569 .1,493 .. 398 .. 473 . . .551 .. 419 . . 415 . . 283 . . 237 . . 272 .. 495 . . 887 .. 475 .1,046 . . 534 .. 287 . . 328 . . 301 . . 351 . . 565 .2,619 .. 250 . . 333 . . 933 Cabery Cable Cahokia •Cairo Caledonia ... Calhoun Camargo •Cambridge . Cameron Campbell Hill Camp Point . . Campus Canton Cantrall Capron Carbon Cliff. . Carbondale . . CEirbon Hill. . Cardiff •Carlinville . Carlock •Carlyle Carman •Carmi .39. .33. .75. 100. . .4. .79. .58. .16. .24. .93. .40. .31. .36. .54. . .4. .15. .92. .20. .31. .63. ..38. .76. .23. .91. . . 321 . . 362 . . 301 .14,548 . . . 391 . . . 300 . . . 333 . .1,373 . . 331 . . . 414 . .1,148 . . . 241 . 10,453 . . . 318 . . . 562 . . . 367 . .5,411 . . . 820 . .1.031 . .3,616 . . . 402 . .1,982 . . . 261 . .2,833 Toiriits Loca. Pop. Carpentersville 12. ..1,138 Carriers Mill .. .94. .. 1,558 •Carrollton ... .61 .. .3,333 Carterville ... .93. . .2,971 •Carthage 34... 2,373 Gary Station. . . .5. . . . 679 Casey 68... 2,157 Caseyville 75. . . . 613 Castleton 27 203 Catlin 50 952 Cave in Rock. .99. ... 306 Cedar Point 18 545 Cedarville 2 311 Central City 20 287 Central City 77... 1,179 Centralia 77. . .9,681 Cerro Gordo 48 876 Chadwick 7 517 Chanibersburg .51.... 208 Champaign ... .49. .12,421 Ghana 9 317 Chanderville ..43 884 Channahon 21 208 Chapin 53 553 •Charleston .. .66. . .5,884 Chatham ..54 666 Chatsworth ... 31 ... 1,113 Chebanse 33 593 Chemung 5. . . . 502 Chenoa 38. ..1,314 Cherry 17. ..1,048 Cherry Valley. . .3 433 •Chester 87... 2,747 Chesterfield . . .63 364 Chestnut 46. . . . 301 •Chicago 14.2,185,283 Chicago High- lands 6.. 14,535 Chillicothe 37... 1,851 Chrisman 59... 1,193 Christopher .. .89. . .1,825 Cicero 14 . . 14,557 Cisco 48 379 Cisne 84 373 Cissna Park. . . . 33 651 Clarence 39 201 Clarke Citv. . . .33. . . . 331 Clarksd?le 55 301 Clav City 78 837 Clavton 40 942 Clifford 93 325 Clifton 33. . . . 634 •Clinton 97... 5,165 Clintonville . . .12. . . . 515 Clyde 14... 1,003 Coal City 20... 2,667 Coatsburg 40. . . . 262 Cobden 96 988 Coffeen 64 980 Colchester 35... 1,445 Coleta 8 303 Colfax 38 965 Collinsville 69... 7,478 Collison 50. . . . 252 Colona 16 217 Columbia 81... 2,076 Colusa 34 ... . 203 Coi-no 8. . . . 202 Compton 10, . . . 387 Congress Park. .14. . . . 301 Cooksville 38 332 Cooperstown . .43. . . . 303 Cordova 15 324 Cornell 31 536 Cortland 11 207 Coulterville . . .87 949 Cowden 65. . . . 711 Crab Orchard. .93. ... 201 Craig 88 2.50 Crainville 93. . . . 446 Creal Springs. .93. ... 936 Crescent City. .33. . . . .341 Creston 9. . . . 323 Crete 21 840 Gropsey 38. . . . 3.50 Crossville 91 . . . . 573 Crottv 18. . .1.005 Crystal Lake. .. .5. . .1,243 Cuba 36. . .2,019 Cullom 31 579 Cutler 88 324 Cypress 97. . . . 311 D Dahlgren 90. . . . 6.54 Dakota 2. . . . 227 Pop. Dallas City. . . . .34. . . 1,388 Dalton City.. . ..57. . . . 403 Dalzell .90. . . . 949 Dana .18, . . . 354 Danforth . 33 . . .. 410 Danvers .38. . . . 5!t3 •Danville .... ..50. .37,871 Darmstadt . . . .75. . . . 403 Darwin .68. . . . 307 Davis ..2. . . . 353 Davis Junction ..9. . . . 254 Dawson ..54. . . . 630 Dayton .18. . . . 301 •Decatur ..56. .31,140 Deer Greek . . . .37 . . . 333 . .6 . . . 476 De Kalb .11. ..8,103 De Land .48. . . . .503 Delavan .37. .1,175 De Long .25. . . . 330 Denver .34. . . . 303 Depue .17. ..1,3.39 De Soto .92 644 Des Plaines. . . .14. . .3,348 Dewitt .47. . . . 330 Dewmaine .93. ...913 Diamond .20. . . . 2.55 Dietrich . 72 . . . 494 Divernon ..54. ..1,519 Dix .83, . . . 202 •Dixon .10. ..7,316 Dolton .14. . .1,809 Dongola .96. . . . 703 Donnellson . . . .64. . . . 405 Donovan .33. . . . 346 Doran .66, . . . 403 Dorrisville . . . .94. . .1,184 Douglas Park. .14. . . . 303 Dow . 63 . . . . 3.53 Downers Grove .13. ..3,601 Downs .38. . . . 301 Dubois .83. . . . 351 Dundas .79. . . . 334 Dundee .13. . . 3,003 Dunfermline . .36. . . . 501 Dupo 7.5 . . 433 Duquoin .88. ..5,4.54 Durand . .3 . . . .537 Dwight .31. ..3,156 E Earlville .18. ..1,059 K-st Alton. . . . .69 . . . .584 Eist Brooklyn . 20 . . . . 446 East Carondolet75. . . . 213 East Dubuque ..1. . . 1 ,353 East Dundee. . .12. ..1,405 East Galesburg .25. . . . 753 East Lynn .... ..50. . . . 301 East Moline. . . .15. . .3,665 Easton .44. . . . 407 East Peoria. . . .37. . .1,494 East St. Louis. . 7.5 . .58,.557 East Wenona. .18, . . . 367 E. Wood River .69. ...401 Eaton .74. . . . 351 .59. . . . 303 Edgewood .... .. . 419 Edinburg ..55. .. . 918 Edison .14. . . . 543 Edwards .27. . . . 311 •Eilwardsville . 69 . . .5.014 •Effingham . . . .73 . . .3,898 Eileen .30, ...677 Elburn .13. . . . 613 Elco 100. ...201 Eldorado .94. ..3.365 Eldred 61 . . . . 241 Elgin .12. .25,975 Flizabeth .... . .1. . . . 703 •Elizabethtown 99. . . . 633 Elkhart .46. ...418 Klkton .83. . . . 301 Elkville . 93 . . . . 732 Elliott .39. . . . 371 Ellisgrove .... .87. . . . 2.53 Ellisville .36. . . . 318 Ellsworth .... .38. . . . 213 Elmhurst .... .13. ..2 361 Elmwood .... .37. . .1,391 El Paso .30. . .1.470 Elsah .62. . . . 357 Rlvaston .34. . . . 251 Elwood .31. ...211 Kniden .46. . . . 411 Enfield 91 . . . 937 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns: Second Column. Number the Same as Number of (he Cnnnty Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 51 Illinois Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations TOKHH Loca. Pup. Equality 95... 1,181 Erie 8. . . . 803 Esmond 11. . . . 252 Esse.x 32 ... . 342 •Eureka 30... 1,525 Evanston 14.. 24,978 Evansville 87 562 Evergreen Pl<. .14.... 424 Ewing 89. . . . 317 Exeter 52 201 F Fairbury 31... 2,505 Fairdale 11. . . . 201 •Fairfield 84... 2,479 Fairland 58. . . . 251 Fairmourit . . . .50. . . . 847 Fairview 36. . . . 482 Fairview Land- ing 98 201 Fair Weather. .40. ... 201 Fancher 65. . . . 215 Farina 71. . . . 774 Farmer City .. .47 ... 1,603 Farmersville . .64. . . . 533 Farmington .. .36. . .2,421 Fayetteville ...75 228 Ferris 34 299 Fiatt 36 251 Fidelity 62 211 Fieldon 62 . . . . 227 Fillmore 64. . . . 499 Findlay 65 827 Fisher 49. . . . 851 Fithian 50 386 Flanagan 31 . . . . 591 Flat Rock 74 841 Flora 78... 2, 704 Floraville 75 304 Foosland 49. . . . 301 Fordville 93. . .. 385 Fordyce 92. .. . 392 Forest Citv . . . .44. . . . 306 Forest Park 14. . .6,594 Forrest 31. . . . 967 Forreston 9. . . . 871 Forsyth 56. . . . 201 Fort Sheridan . . .6. . . . 601 Fountain Green34. . . . 252 Fox Lake 6. . . . 401 Frankfort 21.... 275 Franklin 53. . . . 696 Franklin Grove.IO. . . . 572 Franklin Park . 14. . . . 683 Frederick 41 ... . 301 Freeburg 75 . . .1,397 •Freport 2.. 17,567 French Village. 75. .. 1,001 Friendgrove . . .86. . . . 301 Fullersburg ... 13 500 Fulton 8. . .2,174 G Galatia 94 745 Gale 100 202 •Galena 1. . .4,835 •Galesburg 25. .22,089 Galva 16. . .2,498 Garden Prairie . .4 .... 201 Gardner 20. . . . 946 Garrett 58. . . . 291 Gary 14. . . . 201 Gaskins City . . .94. . . . 685 Gays 57. . . . 322 Geff 84 286 Geneseo 16. . .3,199 •Geneva 12... 2,451 Genoa 11... 1,257 Georgetown .. .50. .. 2,307 Germantown . .76. . . . 711 German ^'allev. .2. . . . 231 Gibson City 39... 2,086 Gifford 49. . . . 501 Gilberts 12. . . 268 Gillespie 63. . .2,241 Gilman 33... 1,305 Gilson 25. . . . 201 Girard 63. . .1,891 Gladstone 23. . . . 385 Glasgow 52. . . . 315 Glenarm 54 . . 201 Glen Carbon .. .69. . .1,221 Glencoe 14. . .1,899 Glen Ellyn 13. . . 1,763 Glenview 14. . . . 652 Glenwood 14 ... . 581 •Golconda 98. . .1,088 Golden 40. . . . 579 Goldengate . . . .84. . . . 311 Golf 14 501 Tuints Goodenow 21 Good Hope 35 Goreville 97 Grafton 62 Grand Chain . . 101 Grand Detour... 9 Grand Ridge. . .18 Grand Tovvei Junction . Grandview . Granite Citv. . Grant Park.... 32 Grantsburg . . . .97 Granville . . . Grape Creek Gray mount . Grayslake . . Grayson .... Grayville Greenfield . . Greenup .92. .59. .69. . .28. .50. .31. . .6. .94. .91. .61. .67. Green Valley... 37. Greenview •Greenville . Gridley .... Griggsville . Grossdale . . Gross Point. Groveland . . Hallidayboro Hamburg . . Hamilton Hamletsburg Hammond . Hampshire . Hampton Hanna City. Hanover . . . •Hardin .... •Harrisburg Harristown Hartsburg . . Harvard . . . Harvel Harvey , . .45. . ..70. , . .38. . . .51. , . .14. . . .14. . . .37. . .92. , . .60. . . .34. . .98. . .48. , . . 12 . . .15. ...27. 1. . . .60. . . 94 . . ..56. . ..46. 5. . .64. .14. •Havana 44. .14. 14. . .67. . . .5. .28. .50. .29. . 65 . .93. Hawthorne Hazel Crest Hazel Dell. . Hebron .... •Hennepin Henning . . . Henry Herrick .... Herron _„ Herscher 32 Hettick 63. Hey worth 38. Highland 69. Highland Park. .6. Highwood 6. Hillery 50. •Hillsboro ... .64. Hillsdale 15. Hillside 14. Hillview 61. Hinckley Hindsboro Hinsdale . . . Hodgkins . . Hollowayvilli Homer Homewood . Hoopeston Hopedale Hoyleton .11 ..58. . .13. ..14. .17. . .49. ..14. ..50. . .37. .82. . . 38 . . .76. . .51 . . . 66 . . . 59 . . .50. Hubbard Woodsl4. Hudson . Huey . . . Hull .... Humboldt Hume . . . Humrick Huntley ,5 Hurst 93 Hutsonville . . .74 Illiopolis 54. Ina 83. Indianola .50. Industry 35. Ingraham 78. Iowa Junction. 27. Ipava 36. Iroquois 33. Irving 64. Irvington 82. Irwin 32. Isabel 59. . . 201 . . 361 . . 551 .1,116 . . 451 . . 302 . . 403 . . 873 . . 205 .9,903 . . 692 . . 302 .1,391 . . 610 .1,201 . . 603 .. 201 .1,941 .1,161 .1,224 . . 401 . . 921 .3,178 . . 752 .1,262 .2,201 .1,008 . . 203 . . 252 . . 335 .1,627 . . 215 . . 492 . . 697 . . 348 . . 453 . . 653 . . 654 .5,309 . . 203 . . 351 .3,008 . . 396 .7,227 . 3,525 .2,001 . . 401 . . 201 . . 644 . . 451 . . 364 .1.687 . . 618 .6.861 . . 461 . . 306 . . 681 .2,675 .4,209 .1,219 . . 351 .3,424 . . 250 . . 328 . . 309 . . 651 . . 498 .2,451 . . 481 . . 251 . 1,086 . . 713 .4,698 . . 585 . . 451 . . 301 . . 375 . . 205 . . 541 . . 355 . . 572 . . 201 . . 773 . . 345 . . 722 . . 849 . . 484 . 365 . . 581 . . 201 .1,201 . . 652 . . 285 . 678 223 '.'. 202 . . 225 Itasca 13. luka 77. Ivesdale 49. •Jacksonville Janesville . . Jeffersonville •Jerseyville Jessie Johnsburg Johnsonville Johnson City * Joliet •Jonesboro . Joppa Joy Junction . . . .53. . .6;. .84. ..62. ..59. . . .5. ..84. . .93. . .21. . .96. .102. . . 22 . . .95. Kampsville . . .60. Kangley 18. •Kankakee ....32. Kansas 59. Karbers Ridge. 99. Karnak 101 . Kasbeer 17. Keenes 84. Keensburg . . . .86. Keithsburg ... .22. Kell Kempton . . Kenilworth Kenney . . . Kewanee . . Keyesport . Kilbourne . Kinderhook Kingston 11 Kingston Mines.27 Kinmundy .... 77 Kinsman 20 Kirkland 11 Kirksville 57 Kirk wood 24 Knoxville 25 Koize 14 La Clede... •Lacon . . . . Ladd La Fayette. La Grange. . Lagrange Pai La Harp. . . . Lake Bluff. Lake City. . Lake Forest Lake Villa . Lake Zurich Lambert . . . Lamoille . . . Lanark .... Lancaster . . Lane Lansing . . . La Place. . . . La Rose . . . La .Salle. . . . Latham .... •Lawrencevil Leaf River. . Lebanon . . . Ledford .... Lee Lee Center. . Leland .... Lemont .... Lena Lenz Lenzburg . . Leonore .... Lerna Le Roy •Lewistown Lexington . . Liberty .... Libertyville Lima Limerick . . •Lincoln . . . Lindenwood Litchfield . . Littleton . . . Little York. Livingston . Loami Lockport . . Loda ..71. . .29. . .17. . .26. . .14. k.l4. . .34. . . .6. . .57. . . .6. . . .6. . . .6. ..14. ..17. . .86. . .47. . .14. . .48. . .29. . .18. . .46. e.80. . . .9. .94. .10. .10. .18. .14. . .2. .75. .75. .18. .66. .38. .36. .38. .40. ..6. .40. .17. .46. . .9. .64. .41. .24. .69. .54. .21. .33. 333 361 429 .15,386 . . . 301 . . . 237 ..4,113 . . . 366 . . . 501 . . . 225 . . 3,248 .34.671 . .1,169 . . . 733 . . . 516 . . . 301 . . . 506 . . . 381 .13,986 . . . 945 . . . 301 . . . 251 . . . 201 . . . 221 . . . 404 ..1,515 . . . 251 . . . 269 . . . 881 . . . 571 . .9,307 . . . 671 . . . 424 ...371 , . . 295 , . . 492 . . . 997 ...219 . . . 685 . . 251 . . . 925 . .1,818 . . . 501 . . . 201 . .1,495 . .1,911 . . . 287 . .5,282 . .1,131 . .1,348 , . . 726 . . . 201 . . 3,349 . . . 342 . . . 304 . . . 221 , . . 555 ..1,175 . . . 201 . . . 202 .1,061 , . . 301 . . 415 .11,537 .438 .3,235 . . 469 . . 1,907 , . . 599 . . 303 . . . 245 , . . 545 . .2,283 .1,168 . . . 200 . . 463 . . 203 . . 391 .1,702 .2,312 . . 318 . . 499 .1,724 . . 797 . . 450 10,891 . . 301 .5.971 . . 301 . . 358 .1,002 . . 531 . 2,555 .. 603 ToiDlf Loca. Pup. Lombard London Mills. Long Point . . Longvievv . . . Loraine Lostant .... 'Louisville . . Love joy Lovington . . . Ludlow Lyndon Lyons M McClure .... McConnell . . McHenry McLean •McLeansboro Macedonia . . Mackinaw •McComb . . . Macon Madison .... Maeys Magnolia .... Mahomet .... Makanda .... Maiden Malta Manchester . Manhattan . . Manito Manlius Mansfield . . . Manteno .... Maple Park . . Maquon Marengo .... Marietta .... Marine •Marion Marissa Mark Maroa Marquette . . Marseilles •Marshall . . . Martinsville . Martinton . . . ..13. . .36. ..31. . .49. . .40. . .18. ..78. ..75. ..57. ..49. . ..8. ..14. Marysville Maryville . Mascoutah Mason .... Mason Cit.\ Matteson Mattoon 66 Maunie 91 May wood 14 Mazon 20 Mechanicsburg 54 100. 2 . '. .5'. ..38. .90. .90. .37. ..35. .56. ..69. . .81. .28. ..49. ..92. .17. ..11. .52. .21. .44. . .17. .48. . . 32 . .12. , .25. .. .5. .36. ..69. .93. .75. 28. .56. .17. .18. .68. .68. .33. .50. .69. .75. .72. .44. .14. Media Medora .23. .63. Jlelrose Park. .14. Melvin 39. Mendon 40. Mendota 18. Meredosia 53. Metamora 30. Metcalf 59. •Metropolis . .102. Middlegrove . . .36. Middletown ...46. Midland City. ..47. Milan 15. Milford Millcreek . . Milledgeville Millersburg Millington . . Mill Shoals. Millstadt . .. Milmine Milton Mineral .... Minier Minonk .... Minooka ... Mitchellsville Modesto 63 Mokena 21 Moline 15 Moinence 32 Monee 21 •Monmouth . . .24 Monroe Center. .9 Montgomery . .12 •Monticello . . .48 Montrose 72 Morgan Park. .14 . . 883 . . 555 . . 239 . . 257 . . 417 . . 458 . . 671 .1,501 .1,011 . . 305 . . 391 .1,483 . . . 301 . . . 251 ..1,031 . . - 707 ..1,796 . . . 285 . . . 725 ..5,775 . . . 683 . .5,046 . . . 284 . . . 368 . . . 561 . . . 401 . . . 255 . . . 451 . . . 481 . . . 443 . . . 696 . . . 218 . . . 681 . .1,229 . . . 389 . . . 472 ..1,936 . . . 328 . . . 685 . .7,193 . .2,014 . .1,125 . .1,161 . . . 494 . .3.291 . .2,569 . .1,501 . .. 312 . . . 742 . . . 729 ..2,181 . . . 345 . . 1,842 . . . 461 .11,456 . . . 512 . .8,033 . . . 471 . . . 417 . . . 226 , . . 444 ..4,801 . . . 509 . .. 611 . .3,806 ...951 . . . 694 . . . 449 . ,4,655 . . . 201 . . . 751 . . . 201 . .. 727 ..1,316 , . . 221 , . . 631 . . 417 , . . 223 . . 701 .1,141 . . 211 . . 331 . . 349 6!tl .207 . . 361 . . 201 .298 .359 24,199 .2,201 . . 411 .9,128 . . 251 . . 371 .1,981 . . 349 .3,694 52 Illinois Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations TuiCHS Loca. Pop. .69. .30. , . .8. .55. .37. .14. .14. .101. Moro . . . , ♦Morris . . •Morrison .... Morrisonville Morton Morton Grove. Morton Parlv. , •Mound City. Mounds 101. Mount Auburn. 55. •Mount Carmel.86. •Mount Carroll . .7. Mount Erie. .'. .84. Mount Forest. . 14. Mt. Greenwood. 14. Mount Morris. . .9. Mount Olive. . .63. Mount Pulaski. 46. •Mount Sterling42. Mount Vernon. 83. Mount Zion. . . .56. Moweaqua ... .65. Mozier 60. Mulberry Grove70. .89. .50. .58. Mulkeytown Muncie Murdock •Murphysboro Murayville . . . N Nameoki Naperville . . . Naples ♦Nashville . . . National City. National Stock Yards Nauvoo Nebo Neoga Neponset .... New Athens. New Baden. . New Bedford.. 17. .69. .13. .53. .75. .34. .51. .67. .17. . 75. .76. .54. .23. .97. New Berlin New Boston . . New Burnside New Canton. . .51 New Douglas. .69 New Grand Chain 101 Newhaven ... .95 New Holland. ..46 New Lenox. . . .21 Newman 58 New Memphis. 76 Newmilford .... 3 New Minden...82 New Philadel- phia 35 New Salem. . . .51 •Newton 73 New Windsor. .23 Niantic 56 Niles 14 Niles Center. . . 14 Nil wood 63 Noble 79 Nokomis 64 Nora 1 Normal 38 Norris 36 Xorris City. . . .91 North Aurora . .12 North Chicago. .6 N. Chillicothe. .27 North Crystal Lake 5 N. Henderson. .22 North Utica. . ..18 Nunda 5 . . 201 .4.563 .2,413 . 1,126 .1,009 . . 836 .1,001 .2,837 .1,686 . . 463 .6,934 .1,759 . . 299 . . 478 . . 276 .1,132 .3,501 .1,511 .1,986 .8,007 . . 331 .1,513 . . 301 , . 716 . . 351 . . 253 . . 350 . 7,485 . . 451 . . 200 .3,449 . . 457 .2,135 . . 253 .1,200 .1,020 . . 520 .1,074 . . 542 .1,131 .1,372 . . 250 . . 690 . . 718 . . 36!) . . 473 . . 499 . . 490 . . 514 . . 387 . . 200 .1,264 . . 243 . . 200 . . 245 . . 300 . . 260 .3,018 . . 473 . . 6S5 . . 569 . . 568 . . 401 . . 618 .1,872 . . 251 .4,024 . . 560 .1,055 . . 353 .3,306 . . 911 689 200 976 7.50 O Oakford . . Oakglen . , Oakland . , Oaklawn . , Oak Park. Oak wood . Oblong . . . , Oconee Odell .... Odin O' Fallon . Ogden ... Osrlosbv . . Ohio ..45. . .14. ..66. . .14. . .14. ..50. . .74. . .65. . .31. ..77. ..75. . .49. .18. .17. .. 317 . . 200 .1,159 . . 287 19.444 , . . 423 . 1,482 . . 293 .1,435 . .1,400 . .2,018 . . 428 . 3,500 Loca. Pop. Ohlnian .64. . . 200 Okawville .... .82. . . 579 Old Marissa . . . .75. . . 349 Olmsted 101. . . 283 •Olney .79. .5,011 Omaha .95. .. 586 Onarga .33. .1,273 Oneida .25. .. 589 •Oquawka . . . .23 . . 907 Orangeville . . ..2. . . 370 •Oregon ..9. .3,180 Orion .16. . . 655 Orland .14. .. 369 Oswego .19. . . 600 •Ottawa .18. .9,535 Owaneco .55. . . . 365 P Palatine .14. .1.144 Palestine .... .74. .1.399 Palmer . 53 . .. 404 Palmyra .63. . . 873 Palos Park. . . .14. . . 300 Pana ..55 . .6,055 Panama .64. . . . 908 •Paris .59. . 7,664 Parker .97. .. 250 Parkersburg . .79. . . . 238 Park Ridge... .14. . .2,009 Parrish .89. . . . 3.50 Patoka .77. . . 676 Patterson .... .61. . . . 300 Pawnee .,54. ..1,399 Pawpaw .10. . . . 709 •Paxton .39. ..3,913 Payson .40. .. 467 Pearl .51. . . . 843 Pearl City. . . . ..2. . . . 485 Pecatonica . . . . .3. ..1,033 •Pekin .37. . .9,897 Penfield .49. . . . 300 •Peoria .27. .66.956 Peoria Heights .37. . . . 583 Peotone .21. ..1,307 Percy .87. ..1,033 Perry .51. . . . 649 Peru .18. ..7,984 Pesotum .49. ...376 •Petersburg . . .45. ..3,589 Philadelphia . .43. . . . 5.50 Philo .49. . . .563 Phoenix .14. . . . 679 •Pincknevville 88. .2,732 Piper City.... .39. . . . 663 Pistakee .... .16. . . . 500 Pittsburg .... .93. . . . 337 •Pittsfleld . . . .51. ..2,095 Pittwood .... . 33 . . . . 300 Plainfield .... .31. . .1,019 Plainville . . . .40. . . . 251 Piano .19. . .1,637 Pleasant Hill .51. . . . 576 Pleasant Moun d70. . . . 300 Pleasant Plains 54. . . . 635 Plumfleld . . . .89. . . . 300 Plum River. . ..1. . . . 300 Plymouth . . . .34. . . . 839 Pocahontas . . ..70. . . . 749 Polo ..». ..1,838 •Pontiac .... .31. ..6,090 Pontoosuc . . . .34. . . . 285 Poplar Grove. ..4. . . . 297 Port Byron. . .15. . . . 642 Porterville . . .74. . . . 200 Portland .... .89. . .3,194 Portland .18. . . 3,500 Posen .14. . . . .343 Potomac .... ..50. . . . 800 Pottstown . . . .37. . . . 300 Prairie City. . ..35. . . . 719 Prairie du Rocher . . . .87. ...511 Preemption . .22. . . . 2.50 •Princeton . . .17. . .4.131 Princeville . . .37, . . . 785 Prophetstown .8. ..1,083 Pulaski 101. . . . 592, Putnam .38. . . . 240 •Quincy . . . .40..36,.589 R Radom 83. Raleigh 94. Ramsey 71 . Rankin 50. Ransom 18. Rantoul 49. Rapatee 35. . . 305> . . 238 . . 769 . . 858 . . 37(y . 1 ,381, . 200 Touiiti Loca. Pop. Rardin 66. . . . 250 Raritan 23. . . . 931 Ravlnia 6. . . . 500 Ray 41 200 Ravmond 64. . . . 881 Red Bud 87. . .1,340 Reddick 33 288 Redmon 59 . . . . 240 Reeves 93. . . . 658 Renault 81 . . . . 241 Reno 70 200 Reynolds 15 367 Richmond 5.... 554 Richview 82. . . . 366 Ridge Farm... 50 967 Ridgefield 5. . . . 200 Ridge Prairie. .75. ... 360 Ridgeway 95. . .1,0.54 Ringwood b. . . . 300 Rio 35 ... 300 Ripley . .42 334 Riverdale 11. . . . 917 River Forest .. .14. . .2,456 River Grove. . ..14. ... 418 Riverside .... 14. .. 1,703 Riverton . . . .-54. . 1,911 Riverview 14. . . . 313 Roanoke 30... 1,311 Roberts 39 466 •Robinson 74... 3,863 Rochelle 9. ..3,733 Rochester . . . .54. . . . 414 Rock 98 288 Rockbridge . ..61 275 Rockdale 21... 1,101 Rockefeller . . . .6. . . . 3.58 Rock Falls 8... 3,657 * Rockf ord 3 . . 45,401 * Rock Island . . 15 . . 34,3.35 Rockport 51. . . . 304 Rockton 3 841 Rollins 6 300 Rome 37. . . . 333 Roodhouse 61... 3, 171 Roscoe 3. . . . 500 Rose Hill 73. . . . 339 Roselle 13 400 Rosemond . . . .55. . . . 300 Roseville 34. . . . 883 Rosiclare 99. . . . 609 Rossville 50... 1,433 Royalton 89 357 Rozetta 34. . . . 300 •Rushville 41. . .2,443 Russellville ...80.... 357 Rutland 18 754 S Sadorus 49 336 Sailor Springs. .78. . . . 388 Saint Anne. .. .32. . .1,065 Saint Charles. .12. . .4,046 Saint David 36 915 Saint Elmo. .. .71. . .1,227 Sainte Marie. . .73. . . . 450 St. Francisville.80. . .1,391 Saint Jacob. . . .69. . . . 534 Saint John 88 378 Saint Joseph. . .49 681 Saint Libory. . . 75. . . . 328 Saint Peter. . . .71. . . . 313 •Salem 77 . . .2,669 Sandoval 77 563 Sandusky 100... 1,500 Sandwich 11... 2, 577 San Jose 44. . . . 446 Saunemin 31 .... 357 Savanna 7. . .3,691 Sawversville . .63. . . . 445 Saybrook 38 805 Scales Mound... 1 388 Schram City . . .64. . . . 516 Scottland 59 400 Scottville 63 301 Sears 15. . . . 236 Seaton 23. . . . 336 Seatonville 17. . .1,370 Secor 30. . . . 3.58 Seneca 18... 1,100 Sesser 89... 1,393 Seymour 49. . . . 330 Shabbona 11 .594 Shannon 7 . . . . 633 •Shawneetown 95... 1.863 Shefheld 17... 1,009 •Shelbvville . . .65. . .3,.590 Sheldon 33... 1,453 Sheridan 18. . . . .506 Shermerville ..14.... 440 Sherrard 32 906 Loca. Pop. Shetlerville ...99. Shiloh Valley.. 75. Shipman Shobonier Shumway Sibley . . . Sidell Sidney . . . Sigel Silvis .... Sims Smithboro Smithfield Smithshire Smithton Somonauk Sorento . . South Beloit 3. South Chicago Heights 14. South Elgin 12. South Heights. 15. South Holland. 14. S. Wilmington. 30. .63. , .71. ,.73. .39. .50. .49. .65. . .15. .84. . .70. . .36. .34. . .75. , .11. . .70. .. 200 . . 395 . . 392 . . 306 . . 291 . . 385 . . 741 .. 481 .. 308 .1,163 . . 399 . . 309 . . 389 . . 2.50 , . . 380 . . 591 .1,018 , . . 600 . .29. , .87. . . .54. .93. .91 .54. .14. Sparland Sparta Spaulding Spillertown Springerton Springfield (capitol) . Springforest Spring Garden. 83. Spring Grove... 5. Spring A'allej'. .17. Standard 28. Stanford 38. Staunton 63. Steeleville 87. Steelton 50. Steger 31. Steiling 8. Steward 10. Stewardson ...65. Stillman Valley. 9." Stillwell 34. Stockton 1. Stonefort 94. Stonington . . . .55. Stoy 74. Strasburg 65. Strawn 31. .. 553 . . 580 . . 250 .1,065 .3,043 . . 461 .3,081 . . 308 . . 349 .. 418 51,678 . . 334 . . 227 . . 203 .7,035 .. 793 . . 535 .5,048 . . 708 . . 300 .3,161 .7,467 . . 353 . . 730 . . 400 . . 350 . 1 ,096 . . 500 .1,118 . . 488 . . 536 Streator . . . Stronghurst Sublette ... •Sullivan . . . Summerfield Summit . . . . Summum . . Sumner .... Swansea . . . ♦Sycamore . .18. .33. , .10. .14. .86. .80. . 75 . .11. T .36., .38. , .45. . .88. , Table Grove Taf t Tallula Tamaroa . . . Tamms 100 Tampico 8 Taylor Springs.64 •Tavlorville . . .55 Teciiny 14 Tennessee 35 Tessville 14 Teutopolis ... .72 Thackerv 90 Thawville 33 Thaver 54 Thebes 100 Thomas 17 Thomasboro . . .49 Thompsonville 89 Thomson ... Thornton Tice Ticona Tilden Tilton Timewell Tinley Park Tioga Tiskilwa ... •Toledo .... Tolono Toluca Tonica Torino •Toulon .... Towanda Tower Hill.. . .14. . . 45 . ..18. . .87. . ..50. . .43. ..14. . .34. . .17. ..67. . .49. . .29. . .18. . .31. ...38. . .65. 14,353 .. 763 . . 387 .3,631 . . 337 . . 949 . . 200 .1,413 . . 889 .3,963 . . ,544 . . 400 . . 743 . . 910 . . 410 . . 849 . . 380 .5,446 . . 325 . . 274 . . 359 . . 592 . . 200 . . 318 .1,013 . . 717 . . 200 . . 331 . . 573 . . 487 . 1,030 . . 300 . . 497 . . 774 . . 710 . 219 . . 304 . . 300 . . 857 . . 900 . . 760 .3,407 . . 483 . 510 . 1 ,308 . . 404 .1,040 53 A Great State Rich in Manufacturing and Agriculture Towns Loca. Pop. Tremont .... Trenton ..... Trilla Troy Troy Grove. *Tuscola ... U Ullin Union Union Union Hill. . , Unionville . . Upper Alton *Urbana . . . . Utica \ Valley *Vandalia . . Varna Venice Vergennes . , Vermilion . . . Vermilion Grove . . . . Vermont . . . . Vernon .... Verona .... Versailles . . . Victoria *Vienna . . . . Villa Grove. Villa RiclRe. . .37. ..76. .66. .69. . .18. .58. .101. ..68. . . .5. ..32. .102. . . 6!) . . .49. ..18. ..51. .71. .29. .69. . .92. ..59. ..50. ..36. ..77. . .20. ..42. . . 35 . ..97. . .58. .101. . . 782 . 1,694 . . 260 .1,447 . . 289 .2,453 . . 670 . . 450 . . 432 . . 250 . . 300 .2.918 . 8,24.5 . 1,500 . . 800 .2,974 . . 403 .3,718 . . 342 . . 238 . . 200 .1,118 . . 333 . . 300 . . 557 . . 334 .1,124 . 1,828 500 Loca. Pop. Viola . . . Virden . . * Virginia .22. .63. .43. W Waggoner ....64. Wakiron 32. Walnut 17. Wann Wapella . . . . Warren Warrensburg Warsaw . . . . Washburn Washington . Wasson Wataga *Waterloo . . Waterman . . Watertown . . *Watseka . . . Watson Wauconda . . *Waukegan . Waverly . . . . Wayne Wayne City. . Waynesville Wedron Weldon Wellington . . Wenona . . . . West Batavia . .69. . .47. . . .1. . .56. ..34. . .30. . .37. . . 94 . ■ . 25 . . .81. . .11. . .15. ..33. ..72. 53. .13. .84. .47. .18. .47. .33. .29. .12. . . 760 .4,001 .1,501 273 261 763 . . 498 .1,331 . . 504 • ~'~5i .i,531 . . 352 . . 444 .2,091 . . 398 . . 525 .2,476 . . 332 .368 16,069 .1,538 . . 630 . . 800 . . 546 . . 203 . . 521 . 300 .1,442 .5,000 Towns Lorn. Pop. West Brooklyn. 10. . West Chicago West Dundee Western Spgs Westfleld . . . West Frank- fort West Grossdale.l4. West Ham- mond West Liberty Weston West Point. . West Salem. West Springfl'd.54. West Union. . . .68. Westville 50. West York 74. Wetaug 101. Wethersfield ..16. ■Wheaton 13. 13. 12. . 14.. 68.. 89.. .14. .73. .38. .34.. .85. Wheeler Wheeling . . . . Whiteash . . . . White Citv... White Hall. . . White Heath. Williamsfield , Williamson . . Williamsville . Willisville . . , Willow Hill. . , Wilmette ... .73. .14. .93. .63. .61. .48. .\). .54. .88. .73. .14. . 266 2,378 1,382 . 905 . 927 2,111 . . 300 .4,948 . . 214 ..262 . . 292 . . 725 . . 905 . . 451 .2.607 . . 300 . . 218 .1,593 .3,433 . . 2,55 . . 261 . . 353 . . 421 .2,8.50 . . 201 . . 482 . .648 . . 602 .1,0X2 . . 444 .4,943 Tonus Loca. Pop. Wilmington Wilmington •Winchester Windsor . . . Windsor . . . Winnebago . Winnetka . . Winslow . . . Winthrop Harbor . . Witt Woburn WoodhuU .. Woodland Woodlawn . Woodson * Woodstock Worden Worth Wrights . . . Wyanet .... Wyoming . . .61. .65. .22. . .3. .14. . .204 .1,450 .1,339 . . 987 . . 660 . . 415 .3,158 . . 426 ..5. .64. .70. .16. .33. .83. .53. ..5. .69. .14. .61. .17. .26. Yates Citv 25. *Yorkville ... .19. Zeigler . . Zion City .89. . .6. . . 439 .2,170 . . 253 . . 692 . . 295 . . 315 . . 257 .4,341 .1.083 . . 203 . . 202 . . 872 .1,506 . 586 . 431 . . 503 .4,789 ILLINOIS OPPORTUNITIE.S IN AGRICILTI RAL AND VARIED ENTERPRISES The Immense Natural Resources of the State In a study of comparisons between the different states, the land-seeker, for profitable investment, discovers he need not go beyond the boundaries of Illinois. HUNDREDS OF YEARS .^Itiiough mufl'. of the stnte is undulating, ex- cepting Louisiana and Delaware, this is the most level of any state in the ' Union. Not only is it level but a large share of its area is covered by prairie, where, for hundreds of years, vegeta- tion has sprung into e.xistence, ripened, fallen back, decayed and returned to enrich the earth, making a soil of dark rich vegetable mold, in many places on the river bottoms, twenty-five feet in thickness, a soil on which various crops can be .grown successively for many years without losing its strength. CENTER OF FARMS TJiat the cen'ral loration and fertility of this soil is fully understood is shown in the fact that so much agricultural development centers in this state. To illustrate: By a late L^nited States Census the center of farms was near Fairfield, Wayne county, 111. The center of value of farm property was ten miles north of Jacksonville, Morgan count.v, and the center of corn production was thirty miles directly south of Jacksonville. By government agricultural report of 1906, the value of corn, which exceeded every other state, was .'!il24,!».Sl,0r.L The n.xt largest was Iowa, $119,- 448,000. The third largest was Te.xas, $77,902,391. AVERAGE CORN CROP The average crop of c«irn in the L'nited States is twenty-seven bushels to the acre, the average in the corn belt of Illinois is forty-five bushels to the acre. Dr C. S. Hopkins, head of the depart- ment of agronomy at the University of Illinois, asserts that it is possible to increase this average not only to seventy -two, but to eighty bushels an acre. Many scientific farmers raise eighty bushels to the acre and even 110 bushels by increasing the nourishment in the soil which the corn plant re- quires for its development. IMMENSE COAI. AREA Next to Penns.vlvania, Illinois is the largest pro- ducer of coal. Her coal area covers 45,000 square niiles. The Illinois coal output in 190G was 37,- 1.83,374 tons. COMFORT.VBLE WEATHER Owing to absence of mountains, the state is ex- posed to winds which in winter blow chiefly from the north and northwest, making the climate severe. During the rest of the year, the winds come from the south and southwest. The summers are ex- ceedingly liot. south of Springfield, Sangamon county, but the prevailing breeze in wann weather cools the atmosphere to the point of comfort. At Cairo, the extreme southern part of the state, the average temperature is 58% degrees. FIELD FOR FRUITS Tl»e mild climate and abundant rainfall in the southern part of the state, combined with accessi- bility to several excellent markets, have caused this region to be selected by horticulturists as a natural field for the growing of strawberries, peaches, melons and other fruit which ripen considerably earlier than in northern regions of the state. M.ANUFACTURING CENTER Excepting New York and Pennsylvania, Illinois, young as is the state, excels all other states in manufacturing. There is a natural reason for this: First, the wonderously fertile soil produces food most cheaply here. Second, the vast area here of coal-beds supply clieap fuel for the production of power. Third, the many streams furnish means for the development of electric power while the 4,000 miles of navigable rivers outside of Lake Michigan perinit of cheap transportation to the markets of the countrj-. SHIP C-\NAL Added to this there is coming probably deep water navigation fronr Lake Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico, and all parts of the world by way of the Chicago drainage canal, the Illinois and Mis- sissippi Rivers and the Panama Canal. Fl TIRE L.VND V.ILUES. Compared with other parts of the United States, the value of farm lands in Illinois, ranging in price from $30 to $150 per acre, may seem high, but the land-seeker will take several things into account. NATCR.AI. OPPORTINITIES Among them are ease of cultivating the soil, relief from expense of fertilizing, accessibility to markets by water navigation, and thousands of miles of railroad at present in Illinois, which bring nearly every farm in the state within ten iniles of a railway line. 54 Illinois Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises INTENSIVE FARMING The density of population here was, by late cen- sus, 100 persons to the square mile. There were 418 inhabitants to the square mile in Massachusetts and TiOS in Rhode Island. Certainly the advantages of- fered for the acquisition of a living are as great here as in any eastern state, and it is plainly evi- dent that this state will be as thiclily settled. When that time comes, there will be three times more people here than now. T.hen large farms will be cut into small tracts, intensive farming will be general, as the forty-acre tract will yield as much profit as does the one hundred and sixty-acre farni today. With increased density of population, there will be increased demand for land, and corresponding advance in price. KEEP UP THE PRICE OF LAND If at times there is nnore foodstuff than is tempo- rarily required, there exists the certainty that the land will always give a support and can be de- pended upon to furnish a living. The article man- ufactured is liable to depreciation in various ways. It may be superseded by something better; it may get out of style; may be worn out; may be stolen or consumed by fire. Not so with land. Unless destroyed by some con- vulsion of Nature, it is steadily right there, just so much and no less, ready to produce and steadily yield wealth in the future. SAFE TO BUY LAND Thus, in any locality, or state, where soil is fertile, the climate favorable, the educational facilities and markets accessible, all of which abundantly favor Illinois, it is entirely safe and wise to invest at tlie going prices in suburban and farm land. Soil Products, 1906 Value. Corn, *3Gc $124.081,0,51 Oats, *34c 3.3,406,68.5 Hav, per ton, .$12.50 32.31.5,925 Wheat, *72c 26,589,771 Potatoes, *62c 9,059,369 Rye, *56c 612,364 Barley, *42c 318,755 Tobacco 61,705 Buckwheat .53,965 Live Stock, Jan. 1, 1907. Value. Horses, t$93 $171,990,000 Common cattle 49.238.170 Milch cows. t$35 40.652. .500 Swine. t$7.62 37.377,522 Mules, t$112 16.668,630 Sheep, t$5.20 4,041.293 ANNUAL WEALTH OF ILLINOIS Manufactures, 1906. Value. Including custom work and repairs. $1,410.342, 129 Capital employed 975.844,799 Wages paid 208,405,468 Minerals, 1903. Value. Coal, t$1.06 $40,577,592 Pig iron (estimated) .. .37,040, 0t»() Clay products 12,361.780 Zinc : 5.499..50S Stone 3,.541,005 Illuminating gas 1.912,808 Portland cement 1.741.150 Sand and gravel 547.107 Gas colie 487,772 Lime 421,589 Flourspar 220. 20() Glass sand 140.605 Clay 120.410 PRICES AND VALUES. Minerals, 1905. Value. Petroleum 110.501 Natural cement 110,549 Coal tar 49,714 Mineral waters 47,99.j Coke 27,081 Ammonium sulphate 22.950 Natural gas 7,223 Other products, including slag, cement and sand lime brick 59,230 Total, minerals ...$105,065,567 *Farm price per bushel in Illi- nois. tFarm price per head in Illi- nois. t Price of coal per ton at the mines. The reader should understand that prices of agricultural and mineral products vary with different years. The prices of 1906-7 are the average. Causes may make prices more or less in later years. POULTRY, EGGS AND BUTTER In the foregoing detail of the various sources ot wealth in Illinois we have made no mention of the millions of dollars of revenue that annually come from poultry, eggs, butter, cream and milk. No figures are here given of the vast yield of garden vegetables, apples, melons and small fruits. No sta- tistics have been given here of the thousands of conservatories that send their cut flowers hundreds of miles in all directions 3IUCH MORE TO BE SAID In short, our omissions of the products of this firtile state easily run up into the many millions. Agriculture: 42,000 square miles adapted to growth of grains; ranks high in production of oats, winter wheat in South and Southwest part of the state; central portion of the state for corn ^nd sugar beets. Land-seekers get full information as to soils of the state at the Btate University, Urbana, 111. Area: Length, 385 miles; breadth, 218 miles. Altitude: Highest elevation in Jo Daviess county, 1,150 feet; average of the state, 350 feet above sea level. Length of Mississippi River on west side, 700 miles. Coast line of Lake Michigan, on east side of Illinois, 60 miles. CONDENSED FACTS RELATING TO ILLINOIS. History 1680. First white set- tlement made by Sieur de La Salle, who built a small fort at the foot of Lake Peoria. 1809. Illinois Territory organ- ized, comprising land now in- cluded in Illinois, Wisconsin, and part of Michigan. ?811. First schoolhouse in the state built at Shiloh, St. Clair County. 1818. State admitted to the Union. First general assembly met at Kaskaskia.* Seat of gov- ernment removed to Vandalia. 1820. Census showed 55,102 in- habitants in the state. 1825. State law passed estab- lishing common public schools. 1826. Stage route established between Springfield and Chicago. First steamboat on the Illinois River. 1832. Blackhawk war and cholera epidemic. 1837. Pro-slavery sentiment at Alton resulted in mob riot and death of Eli.iah P. Lovejoy. 1844. Mormon riots and death of Joseph Smith. 1851. Illinois Central Railroad incorporated under laws of the state. 1858. Famous debate liy Lin- ciiln and Douglas. Waterwa.vs. The Illinois River, length 350 miles, rises in Grundy County and empties into the Mis- sissippi River at Grafton, Jersey County, 20 miles above Alton, and 40 miles above St. Louis. DRAIN.\GE C.4NAL. The main cltannel of the Chi- cago drainage canal is 28.05 miles long and 22 feet deep. South- ward from its terminus, near Jo- liet, it is designed that the ship canal, connecting the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, shall much of its length, follow the route of the Illinois River. (Sec route of this proposed canal on our map of Illinois.) ■Kaskasia is a small village in southwestern part of Randolph County. See County 87 55 INDIANA STATE AND THE 92 COUNTIES OF INDIANA With Their Boundaries Location and Population of INDIANA COINTIES I^o- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1 Lake. .8-J,864 2 Porter. .20,540 3 La Porte. .45,797 4 St. Joseph. .84,312 5 Starke. .10,507 6 Marshall. .24,175 7 Elkhart. .49,0<»S 8 La Grange. .15,148 9 Steuben. .14,271 10 Newton. .10,504 11 Jasper. .13,044 12 Pulaski. .13,312 13 Fulton. .16,879 14 Kosciusko. .27,93(1 15 Noble. .24.009 16 De Kalb. .25,054 17 Whitlev. .16.892 18 Allen. .92.38.! 19 Benton. .12,688 20 White. .17,602 21 Carroll. .17,970 22 , , . . Cass. .36,368 23 Miami. .29,350 24 Wabash. .26.920 25.... Huntington. .28,982 26 Wells. .22,418 27 Adams. .21,840 28 Warren. .10,899 29. . . . Tipnecanoe. .40,003 30 Clinton. .26,674 31 Howard. .33,177 32 Tipton. .17,459 33 Grant. .51,426 34 Blackford. .15,820 35 Jay. .24,961 36 Fountain. .20,439 37... Montgomery. .29,296 38 Boone. .24,673 39 Hamilton. .27,026 40 Madison . .65,224 41 Delaware. .51,414 42 Randolph . . 29,01 3 43 Vermilion. .18,865 44 Parke. .22,214 45 Putnam . .20,520 46 Hendricks. .20,840 47 Marion. 263. 66 1 48 Hancock. .19,(»30 49 Henry. .29,958 50 Wayne. .43,757 51 Vigo.. 87,930 52 Clav.. 32,535 53 Owen.. 14,053 54 Morgan . .21.182 55 Johnson . .20,394 56 Shelbv. .26,802 57 Rush.. 19, 349 58 Fayette. .14,415 59 Union. . 6,260 60 Sullivan. .32,439 61 Greene. .36,873 62 Monroe. .23,426 63 Brown. . 7,975 64.. Bartholomew. .24,813 65 Decatur. .17,893 66 Franklin. .15,385 67 Knox.. 39,183 68 Daviess. .27,747 69 Martin. .12,950 70 Lawrence . . 30,625 71 Jackson. .24,727 72 Jennings. . 14,203 73 Ripley. .19,452 74 Dearborn. .21,396 75 Ohio. . 4,329 76 Gibson. .30,137 77 Pi!--e. .19.684 78 Dubois. .19,843 79 Orange. .17,192 80... Washington. .17.445 81 Scott. . 8,323 82 Jefferson . . 20,483 83... Switzerl<>nd. . 9.914 84 Posey. .21,670 85... Vanderburg. .77,438 1 ! 2 .A ! Vl " "! i 15 ! 16 > ! J 1* J I I n7T~\ ._.[" '' 18 10 11112 ^13.^ V"''--.— ^— --^-H I 24 I 25 I • 1 ^--i 20r-'x_22 123 L J _ 126 127 — -J29 r-^^^-jJi^^fj35 / 37 ! 38 I 39 . • -l_._ ^3'44i~U6!47 l^-A^r- '^ L._.^_^ 54 I 55 '56 l-r 51 !52j l.^...i_,J.-.J ].L6. 53 ,' I ! I 65 > / 'H— 62 1 63 ! 64 j_,< __ ju County Pop. Warrick. .21,911 Spencer. .20,676 .. Perry. .18,078 County Pop. 89 Crawford. .12,057 90 Harrison. .20,232 91 Flovd. .30.293 County Pup. Clark. .30,260 Total 2,700.876 INDIANA TOWNS WaTH 1910 POPULATIONS Loca. Pop. Acton Adams . Advance Akron . , Alamo . . Alaska . , Albany A 47. 65 . 38. 13. 37. 53. .41. Albion 15. Alert 65. .^ lexandria . . . .40. Alfordsville . . .68. . . 400 . . 400 . . 416 . . 806 . . 209 . . 200 .1,289 .1,213 . . 250 .5,096 , . 296 Towns Litra. Pop. Altona Ambia Amboy Amo .A.msterdam . *Anderson . . Andersonvllle Andrews . . . . *Angola . . . . Annapolis . . . Altoga Arcadia .16. .19. .23. .46. .90. 349 359 521 508 280 .40.. 22,476 ,66 325 .25 957 . .9. . .2,613 .44 240 .78. . . . 250 .39 990 Towns Lorn. Pop. Areola 18 375 Argos 6... 1,088 Arlington 57 400 Arthur 77 409 Ashboro 52. . . . 206 Ashersville . . . .52 . . . . 400 Ashlev 9. . . . 639 Atherton 51 300 Atlanta 39 876 Attica 36... 3,335 Atwood 14. .. . 350 *Auburn 16... 3,919 Explrnation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Coli mn. Population of 1910. Loca. Means l^ocation. Pop. Means Popu- lation. Si-r in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 56 'To win Cities and Villages of Indiana with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Auburn Jet. Augusta . . . Aurora . . . . Austin . . . . Avilla Avoca Ayrshire . . . . .16. .'.'74.'. ..81 . , .15. ,.70. ..77., . . 269 . . 250 .1,410 . . 410 . . 579 . . 560 . . 308 Bainbridge ... .45. Bates\ille 73. Battle Ground 29. Bean Blossom. 63. *Bedford 70. Beach Grove. . .47 Belleville ..46 .44 ...7 !!33 . .67 Bellmore Benton Berne Betheven . . . Bicknell Bippus Birdse^•e .... *Bloomficld . Bloomingdale ♦Bloomington Blountsville . Blue Ridge.. *Bluffton . . . Boggstown . . *Booneville . Borden Bos well .... Boundary . . . Bourbon „ Bowling Green. 52 .61 .44 .63. .49 .56 .26 .56. .86. .92. .19. .35. 6. .90. .52. .90. .35. .47. .44. .15. .21. . .7. .47. ..42. . .10. . .56. . .54. . .30. .66. . .46. .71. . .59. . .18.. ..67. . . 29 . . . .60. . . .23. , . .14. . ..21.. . .20. . ..65. . . .69. . . .16. . Bradford *Brazil Bremen Briant Bridgeport . . . Bridgeton . . . Erimfield . . . . Bringhurst . . . Bristol Broad Ripple. Bronson Brook Brookfield . Brooklyn . . Brookston *BrookviIle Brownsburg , *Brownstown Brownsville , Bruce Lake. . Bruceville . . Buck Creek. . Buddha Bunker Hill. Burket Burlington . . Burnettsville Burney Burns City. . Butler Butlerville . . C Cadiz 49 Cambridge City. 50. Camden 21 . Cammack . . . . .41' Campbellsburg 80. Canaan 82. Cannelburg . ..68. *Cannelton . . 88 ITanton 80. ( arbon .52. Cardonia 52 Carlisle 60. Carmel 39' Carrollton . . . [48. Cartersburg . . 46 Carthage . . 57' Catlin 44' Cayuga 43' Cedar Grove. . .66 Cedar Lake 1 Cempnt\ille . 92 Center 31 ' Centerpoint . ! '52 Centerton ... 54 Centerville ... .50 ' Chalmers 20 Charlestow^n ! 92 Charlottesville 48' Chesterfield ...40' Chesterton . . 2 Chili • "03 China ■ ' ■«<)■ ' .. 449 .2,151 . . 443 227 ! 8,7 16 ... 568 ... 308 ... 390 ... 308 .1,316 ..2,289 ..3,794 . . . 350 . . . 439 . .3,069 ... 528 . .8,838 . . . 260 . . . 227 . .4,987 . . . 209 . .3,734 . . . 425 . . . 814 . . . 209 . .1,163 . . . 330 . . . 200 . .9,340 , . 2,008 . . . 469 . . 406 . . 250 . . 360 . . 400 . . 535 . . 770 . . 309 .1,067 . . 308 . . 573 . . 907 .2,169 . . 876 . 1,492 . . 306 . . 350 . . 460 . . 250 . . 309 . . 668 . . 408 . . 890 . . 489 . . 205 . . 290 .1,818 . . 309 Tow)i>i Loca. Pop. Chrisney 87. Churubusco ...17. Cicero 39. Clai-ksburg Clarksbill . Clarksville Clarksville , Clay City.., Claypool . . , Claysburg . . Clayton .... Clear Creek. Clearsprings Clermont . . Clifford Clinton .... Cloverdale . Coal Bluff. . Coal City. .. Coalcreek . . Coatesville . Cochi-an . . . Coesse ...'.. Colburn Colfax ... . Collett .... Coloina ♦Columbia City... *Columbus . . .".64 *Connersville . .58 Converse . Cortland . Corunna . Cory *Corydon * Covington Cowan . . Coxville . Craigville .,„ *Crawfordsville 37 Crisman 2 Cromwell is". 65 .29. ..92. .39. , .52. .14. .93. .46. .25. .71. .47. .64. .43. .4.5. .51. .53. .36. .46. .74. .17. .29. .30. .35. .44. , .23. .71. .16. .53. .90. .36. .41. .44. 6. Crothersville . *Crown Point. Culver Cumback . . . . Cumberland .. Cynthiana . . . fl, . .1. ..6. .68. .47. .84. . . . 524 . . . 870 . . . 990 . . . 450 . . . 463 ..2,743 . . . 208 ..1,313 . . . 408 . . . 380 . . . 497 . '. '. 310 . . . 305 . . . 310 ..6,229 . . . 624 . . . 680 . . . 380 . . . 250 . . . 472 , . . 960 . . 250 . . 303 . . 801 . . 300 . . 360 .3,448 .8,813 .7,738 .1,164 . . 260 .. 318 . . 380 .1,703 .2,069 . . 200 . . 408 . . 209 .9,371 . . 292 . . 520 .1,038 .2,526 . . 810 . . 396 . . 360 . . 610 Totni.- Eugene . . . *Evansville Ewing . . . . • .43 450 . . .85. .69,647 . . .71... 3,500 D Dale Daleville .. Dana *Danville . Darlington Dayton . . . Decatur . . . Decker Delaware . Delong . . . . *Delphi ... Demotte . . Denver . . . Deputy . . . Diamond Dickeyville Dillsboro . . Dover Doverhill . Dublin .... Dugger . . . Dundee . . . Dundee . . . Dunkirk . . Dyer .87. .41. .43. .46. .37. .29. .27. .67. .73. .13. .21. .11 . .33. .83. .44. .86. .74. .74. .69. .50. .60. .34. .40. .35. ..1. . . . 583 . . . 634 . . . 748 . .1,640 . . . 780 . . . 690 ..4,471 . . . 806 ...330 . . . 306 .2,161 . . 250 . . 990 . . 360 .1,070 . . 2.50 . . 435 . . 280 . . 389 . . 704 .1,226 . . 220 .. 220 .3,031 .. 560 Fairfield Fairland Faii-jnont „„. Fair Oaks. . . . .11.' Fairview Park. 43. Farmersburg ..60. Farmland 42. Ferdinand Fishersburg Flat Rock Flora Florence . . Florida ,„. Floyds Knobs. .91 ! Folsomville . .86 Fontanel .... Forest Fort Branch. Fortville .... *FGrt Wayne. Fountain City. .50 * Fowler 19. Fowleiton 33. Francesville ...12. Francisco 76 * Frankfort ....30'. *Franklin 55. Frankton 40. Fredericksburg 37. Fredericksburg 80. Freedom 53. Freeland Park. 19. Freelandville . .67. Freetown 71. Fremont 9' French Lick... 79! .66. .56. .33 ..78 . .40. ..56. ..21. ..83. ..40. . .51. . .30. , .76. .48. .18. . . . 3.50 . . . 513 ..2,506 . . . 350 . . . 630 ..1,115 . . . 907 ...837 . . . 290 . . . 460 ..1,386 . . . 250 . . . 280 . . . 227 . . . 410 . . . 521 . . 380 1,182 .1,174 63,933 . . 448 .1,491 . . 293 .. 729 . . 407 .8.634 .4,502 . . 936 . . 369 . . 271 . . 306 .. 280 . . 560 . . 306 . . 694 . 1,803 E Eagletown ....39 Earl Park 19. East Chicago 1. E. Connersville.58. East Gary 1. E. Germantown.50. Eaton 41. Eckerty 89. Economy Edgertoii . . . Edinburg . . . Edwardsport Ehrmanndale Elberfeld . . Elizabeth . . . , Elizabethtown Elkhart ... . Ellettsville . . EInora El wood Eminence . . •English Etna Green. . . 50. .18 ..55 .67. .51 . .86. .90. 64. ..7. .62. .68. .40. .54. .89. .14. . . . 309 . . . 609 .19,098 . . . 706 . . . 484 . . . 302 . .1.428 . . . 204 . . . 350 . . . 306 . .3,040 . . . 670 . . . 200 . . . 438 . . 338 . . 350 19.382 . . 788 . . 908 1 1 .038 . . 238 . . 649 . . 450 Galveston . . . Garrett Gary Gas City Gaston Geneva Gentryville . . Georgetown . Germantown Gilman Glenwood . . . Goldsmith . . Goodland . . . *Goshen .... Gosport Grand View . Grantsburg . Grasscreek . . Grasselli *Greencastle Greendale . . . ♦Greenfield . . Greentown . . Greenville . . . Greenwood . . Greensboro . . *Greensburg . Greens Fork. , Grifnn .... Griffith Guilford CJuthrie , Gwynneville . . H Hagerstown ...50 Hall 54, .16 . .1. .33. .41. .37. .87. .91. .50. .40. .57. .33. .10. ..7. .53. .87. .89. .13. .1. .45 .74 .48 .31 .91. .55. .49. .65. .50. .84. ..1. .74. .70. .56. ... 658 . .4,149 . .16,803 ...3,224 638 . . .1,140 . . . 383 331 ... 305 ... 520 ... 226 '.'.1,165 ..8,514 .. . 776 . . . 7.S5 . . . 200 . . . 260 . . . 280 . .3,790 . . . 697 . .4,448 ..1,166 227 . . 1,608 . . . 250 . . 5.420 ...377 . . . 27.5 . . . 523 . . . 3.50 . . . 360 . ..290 Hemlock . . . Henryville . Herbst Hessville . . . Hibbard ... Highland .. Hillisburg .. Hillsboi-o .. Hillsdale ... Hoagland . . Hobart Hobbieville Hobbs . . . Holland . . Holton , Hope Hortonvill'e ' Howe Howell .... Howesville ' .' , Hudson Huntertown', Huntingburg ♦Huntington Hymera Idaville Independence Station 28 Indiana Harbor. 1 Indianapolis (capital ) ... .47 Indian .Springs] 69 Ingalls 40 Inwood 6 Ireland ..is ..31. ... 306 . .93. ... 408 ..33. ... 250 ...1. ... 480 ...6. . . . 290 ...1. ... 506 . .30. . . . 306 ..36. . . . 528 ..43. . . . 290 ..18. . . . 396 ...1. ..1,753 ..61. . . . 298 . .33. . . . 290 ..78. . . . 380 ..73. . .. 275 ..64. ..1,233 ..39. . . . 390 ...8. . . . 830 ..85. ..2,080 ..53. . . . 360 ...9. . . . 390 ..18. . . . 490 ..78. .2.464 . .25. 10.273 ..60. .1,515 20.... 560 . . . 500 ..7,000 333,6.50 . . . 250 . . . 322 . . . 300 Hamilton . . Hamlet .... Hammond . Hanna .... Hanover . . . Hardinsburg Harlan Harmony „, Harrodsburg . .62 ♦Hartford Citv.34 Haitsville 64 Hartwell Jet. . .77 Hatfield 87 Haubstadt ... .76 Hayden . . ''"> Haysville Hazleton . Hebron . . Hecla .... Heltonville . . . 78 . . . .76. . .17. .70. ... 936 . . . 209 . . . 880 ... 579 .30,935 . . . 408 . . . 356 . . . 254 . . . 990 . .1.020 . . 460 . .6,187 . . . 358 . . . 309 . . . 209 . . . 560 . . 396 . . . 260 . . . 648 . . . 821 . . 390 . . . 690 Jackson Hill. Jamestown . . Jasonville . . . ♦Jasper Jefferson Jeffersonville , Jerome , Jolietville . . . . Jonesboro . . . . Jonesville . . . . K Kempton . . . . Kendallville . . Kennard ♦Kentland . '. '. Kewanna . . . . Keystone . . . . Kimmell Kingman . . . . Kingsbur.v . . . Kirklin ." Knightstown . Knightsville . ♦Knox ♦Kokomo . . . . Kouts Kramer Kurtz .60. .38. .61. .78. .30. .93. .31. .39. .33. .64. .33. .15. .49. .10. .13. .36. .15. .36. . .3. , 30 . .49. . . . 360 . . . 690 ..3,395 . .3.196 . . 306 .10,413 . . 209 .. 350 .1,573 . . 213 . . . 666 . .4,981 . . . 449 . .1,209 . . . 728 . . . 242 . . . 390 . . . .535 . . 2.50 . . 699 .2,008 .1,081 . 1. 644 17,010 . . 590 .. 260 .. 360 Lacrosse . . . . Lacy Ladoga La Fayette . La Fontaine ♦Lagrange . . Lagro Lake Bruce. . Laketon . . . . Lakeville Lancaster . . . I^andess . . . . Lanesville . . Laotto Lapaz '. Lapel ♦Laporte . . . . Larwill Land ] . Laurel ....'. Lawrence . . . ♦Lawrencpburs Leavenworth ♦Lebanon . . . Leiters Ford. Lena Leo [[ Leopold Lester Lewis Lewisville . . . . .. .3. ..69. . .37. . .29. . . 34 . . . .8. .34. ..13. . .34. ...4. . . 2.5 . . 33 . .90. .15. . .6. .40. ..3. .17. .17. .66. .47. 74. .89. .38. .13. .44. . .18. . .88. . .61. . .51. . .49.. . . . 480 . . . 296 . .1.148 .30.081 . . . 683 . .1,773 . . . 463 . . . 350 . . . 528 . . . 227 . . . 209 . . . 200 . . . 290 . . . 350 . . . 390 .1.045 10,525 . . 490 . . 350 . . 503 . . 496 .3.430 . . 690 .5.174 . . 208 . . 340 . . 300 . 1 .200 . . 2.50 ; ; 446 57 Towns Cities and Villages of Indiana with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Lexington . . . . *Liberty Liberty Center Liberty Mills. . Ligonier Lincoln Linden Linton Littles Lizton Lockspring . . . *Logansport . . London Loogootee .... LosantviUe Lowell Lucerne Lynn Lynnville Lyons Lyonton ...... M McCordsville .. Mackler Macksville Macy *]Madison . . . Mahalasville Maize Manchester Manilla ... Mansfield . . . Manson Marco Marengo .... Marietta .... *Marion .... Markle Markleville . . Marshall Marshfield ... *Martinsville . Martz . . Matthews .... Jlauckport . . '. Maxwell . . Mays Mecca Mechanicsburg Medaryville .. Medora . . Mellott Memphis ....'. Ment/ine .... Merom [ Herrillville ' .' .' Metamora . . . Metz Mexico ' Miami ' Michigan City. Michigantown Middlebury . . Middlotons . . Middletown . . Midland Mier Milan Miltnrd '." :\riller Millersbnrg . Millersville . Mi II grove ... Millhousen . . Mill town .. Millville .... Milroy Milton . . . . ' ' Mishawaka .'. Mitchell .... Modoc .' Monon .....'. Monroe ..... Monroe City.'. MonroeviUe' '.' ftionrovia . . . Montery . . . .' Montezuma ] Montgomery , *Monticelio .. Montmoi'enci Montpelier . . , l\[ooreIand . . , Moores Hill . . Mooresville Moral Moran Morgan town . Morocco Morris .81. .59. .26. .24. .15. .22. .37. .61. .77. .46. .73. .22. 56. 69. 42. .1. 22. 42.. 86. 61. 60., . . . 325 . .1,338 . . . 400 . . . 309 ..2.173 . . . 220 . . . 556 . .5,!)06 . . . 350 ' ." .' 250 , 19,050 . . 226 .2.154 . . 692 .1,235 . . 230 . . 917 .. 297 . . 993 . . 390 Towm Loca. Pap. I ToH-ns Morristown . . .56. Mount Ayr . . .10. Mount Summit49. 'Mount Vernon. 84. Mount Zion . . .36. Mulberry 30. *Muncie 41. Munster i' .48 .77 .51 .23 .82 .54 .72 .74 .57 .44 .30 .61. .89 .56. .33. .25. .40. .44. .28. .54. .52. .33. .90. .48. ,57. ,44. 49. 12. 71. 36. 92. 14. 60. 1 . . 382 . . 406 .3,083 . . 320 .6,934 . . 2.56 . . 303 . . 312 . . 403 . . 306 260 390 686 275 ..19,359 820 250 334 390 . . .4.529 409 688 279 460 290 . . .1,200 260 ... 710 ... 809 ... 372 ... 299 ... 728 ... 521 . . . 296 ... 369 . . . 360 . .. 500 . . . 300 .19,027 . . . 395 . . . 690 . . . 200 . .1,174 . . . 560 . . . 390 . . . 554 . . . 814 . . . 638 . . . 428 . . . 280 . . . 250 ...211 . . . 586 . . . 208 . . 709 . . . 601 11,886 .3,438 . . 261 .1,184 . . 334 . . 630 . . 910 . . 460 . . 260 .1,537 .. 511 .2,168 . . 325 .2,786 . . 4.55 . . 424 .1,608 . . 208 . . 290 . . 667 . . 927 . . 350 . . . 622 ...231 , . . 360 .5,i>63 . . 392 . . 850 24,005 .. 543 . .61. .64. .61. ..86. . ..4. . .49. .35. N Napoleon 73 Napanee 7 *Nashville . . . .63. National Mili- tary Home. .33, Needham 55, *New Albany.. 91. New Alsace . . .74. New Augusta .47 Newberry . . . Newbern .... Newberry . . . Newburg .... New Carlisle *Newcastle New Cory don .„„ New Harmony .84 New Haven . . .18 New Marion ... 73 , New Market . . .37, New Palestine. 48i New Paris 7, New Pekin . . . .80. New Point . . . .65. *Newport 43. New Providence92! New Richmond. 37 New Ross 37 New Salem. . . .57 Newton New Washington New vv'averly Nineveh .... *Noblesville Normal Northgrove . . .,„ North Judson. ..5 North Libertv ..4 North Madison. 82 N. Manchaster.24 North Salem. ..46 North Vernon.. 72, North Webster. 14 Norwood 47 Notre Dame. . . .4' .36. .92. .39. .33. 23. . . . 460 . .2,260 . . . 354 ..2.289 . . . 290 .20,629 . . . 269 . . . 326 . . . 45,5 . . . 250 , . . 590 , .1,097 ...612 . .9,440 . . 200 .1,229 .1,038 .. 208 .. 334 . . 450 .. 409 . . 246 .. 341 . . 732 . . 350 . . 464 . . 296 . . 290 . . 350 . . 360 .. 390 .5,073 .1,122 . . 400 .1,143 . . 681 . . 960 .2,428 . . 560 .2,915 . . 460 . . 400 .1,209 Perth 53. *Peru 23. *Petersburg . . .77. Philadelphia . .48. Pickard 30. Pierceton 14. Pierceville ... .73. Pine Village. . .28. Pillsburg ... Pittsboro . . . Pittsburg: ... Plaintiold . . , Plainvilli , .60. . .6. .33. Pleasant Lake. .9 Pleasant Mills. 27 Pleasantville .77 Pleasantville * Plymouth Point Isabel. Poneto Porter Port Fulton. *PortIand . . . Poseyville .. Prairieton . . •Princeton . . Putnamville . Loca. Pup. . . . 562 .10,910 ..2,170 . . . 209 . . . 306 .. 817 . . . 206 . . 352 . . . 460 . . . 408 . . 420 . 1,303 . . 560 . . 606 . . 2.50 . . 390 .3,838 . . 290 . . 308 .. 524 .1,060 .5,130 .. 780 . . 360 . 6,448 . . 204 .21. . .46. . .21. . . 46 . ..68. 'JHuiik Loca. Pop. .92. .35. .84. .51. .76. .45. Quincy Q 53 360 Oakland Ci Oaklandon Oaktown Oakville .. Ober Odon Ogden .... Ohio Falls Oldenburg Ontario Onward . . . Oolitic .... Ora Orange . . . Orestes . . . Orland .... Orleans . . . Osceola Osgood . . . Ossian .... Otis Otisco Ottorbein . . Otwell Owensburg Owensville Oxford O. . .. ty. .76. 47. 67. 41. 5. 68 . 49. 92. 66. 8. .70. ..58. .40. ...9. ..79. .4. .73. .26. . .3. .92. .19. .77. .61. .76. .19. Packerton ....14. Palmyra 90. *I'aoli 79. Paragon 54. Paris Crossing.72 Parker 43. Parr n. Patoka 76. Patricsburg . . .53' Patriot 83. Pendleton . Pennville . , Perkinsville Perrysville , ..40. ..35. .40. ..43. .2,370 .. 353 . . 608 .. 209 . . 260 .1,064 . . 360 .. 237 . . 956 . . 260 . . 200 .1,079 . . 2.50 .. 260 . . 420 . . 506 .1,367 . . 260 .1,169 . . 661 . . 250 . . 218 . . 652 . . 360 . . 450 .1,237 .1,010 .. 309 . . 252 .1,278 . . 409 .. 487 .. 890 . . 360 . . 657 . . 460 .. 310 .1,293 . . 890 . . 380 . . 650 Raub Ray Raysville . . Redkey . . . . Reedville . . Reelsville Remington *Rensst'laer Reynolds Richland •Richmond Ridge View. Ridgevillc . Rigdon .... Riley •Rising .Sun . , River Park , Riverside . . Roachdale . , Roann , Roanoke . . . , Roby 'Rochester . . Rocktiold . . . Rock ford . . . •Rockport *Rockvi!le K ...19. 9. . ..49. . . .35. , . .48. . . .45. .11. ...11. .. .20. ,..87. . .50. . .23. ..43. . .33. ..51. ..75. ...4. ...41. ..45. ..24. . .25. . . .1. . .13. . .21. ..71. ..87. .44. .69, . .14, . .91. . .14. ..33. .62. .61. ,.24. .4. Sharpsville . . .32. Shelburn 60. Shelby 1. Sheridan 39. Shideler 41. Shipshewana . . .8. Shirley 48. Shirley City ..18. Shoals Sidney Silver Grove Silver Lake Sims Smithville . Solsberry . . Somerset ♦South Bend South Milford..8. South Peru . . . .20. Southport . . . .47. South Whitley. 17. Spartanburg ..42. •Spencer 53. Spencerville . . .16. Spiceland . . . .49, Springville Star City . . Staunton Stendal Stewartsville .Stillesville . . Stillwell Stinesville . . Stockwell .. StoneblufE . . , Straughn . . . Stroh Sullivan 70. .12. .52. .77. .84. .46. ..3. .62. .29. .36 .49. . .8. 60. Sulphur SpritigslO Rolling Prairie. .3. Rome City . . Roinney .... Rosedale .... Roselawn Rossville Royal Center Royerton •Rushville . . , Russellville .. Russiaville .15. .29. .44. .10. .30. .22 .!41.' .57. .45. .31. Summitville Sunman . .Swayzee . Sweetsers Switz City Sycamore Sylvania Syracuse .40. ..73. ..33. ..33. .61. ..31. .44. .14. Tangier 44 Taswell 89. Taylorsville . . .64. Teegarden 6. Tefft 11 Tell City 88. Templeton 19. Tennyson 86. Terra Haute .51. S Saint Joe 16. Saint John 1. Saint Leon. . . .74. Saint Marvs. . . .51 . Saint Meinrad.87. Saint Omer . . .65 Saint Paul . . .65. Saint Peters . . .66 •Salem 80. Salem Center . .9 Saline City Sanborn . . , Sanford . . . Sandusky . . San Pierre . Saratoga . . Schererville Schnellville Scipio Scircleville Scotland . . •Scottsburg Sedalia .... Seelyville . . Sellersburg Selma Selvin Servia Seymour . . . Thayer Thorntown Tippecanoe •Tipton . . , Tolleston . Topeka . . Trafalgar Trenton . . . Troy Tunnelton Turner Twel ,'e Mile 10. ..38. ...6. ..32. ...1. .. .8. ...55. ..42. . .88. ..70. ..52. 22. Tyner [.6 . . . 709 . .2,055 . . . 260 ..1,768 . . . 209 . . . 560 . .1,519 . . . 375 ..1,015 . . . 406 . . . 783 . . . 493 . . . 250 . . . 406 . . . 206 . . . 306 .53,684 , . . 375 . . . 866 . . . 352 .1,176 , . . 360 .2,150 .. 390 . . 622 .. 390 . . 450 .. 746 . . 2,50 . . 390 . . 490 . . 309 . . 497 . . 506 . . 390 . . 543 . . 560 .4,115 . . 209 .1,387 . . 353 . . 836 . . 733 . . 662 . . 309 . . 290 .1,379 . . . 390 . . . 260 . . . 590 . . . 208 . . . 206 . .3,369 . . . 308 . .. 371 .58,157 . . 200 . .1„508 . . 480 .4.075 .1,069 . . 503 .. 490 .. 360 .. 510 . . 235 .. 390 .. 260 .. 260 I .!>2. ..67. . .51. ..65. ...5. ...42. ...1. ..78. . . 72 . . .30. ..61. . .81. ..30. . .51. , .92. . .41. . .86. , .24. .71. Uhee Union t'nion City . Union Mills Upland Tipton Urbana ..25. ..77. ..42. , ..3. ..33. .84. .24. Utica 92 V Vallonia 71 •Valparaiso ... .2 Vanburen 33 Veedersburg ..36 Velpen 77 •Vernon 72 •Versailles . . .73 *^■evay 83 Vienna 81 •Vincennes . . , .67 •Wabash Wadesville Wakarusa Waldron . Walkerton Walton . . W .24. .84. ...7. . .56. . .4. .23. ... 260 ... 206 , .3,209 , . . 560 ..1,080 . . . 2.50 . . . 308 . . . 400 ... 550 . .6.987 . .1,189 ..1,757 . . . 250 . . . 453 . . . 486 ..1,256 . . . 206 . 14,895 . .8,687 . . 1,063 , . . 859 . . . 460 .1,003 . . 579 58 if Cities and Villages of Indiana with 1910 Populations Wanatah .... ...3. .. 860 Warren ..35. . 1,189 Warrington .. . .4i. . . 200 ♦Warsaw . . . ..14. .4,430 ♦Washington . .6 ;. .7,854 Waterloo . . . ..16. .1,167 Waterman . . ..44. . . 206 Watson ..92. . . 250 Watson . .52. . . 309 Waveland ..37. . . 676 Wawaka . . . ..15. . . 409 Wawpecong . ..23. .. 210 Waynetown. ..37. .. 734 Webster .... ..50. . . 300 Wellsboro . . . .. .3. . . 200 West Baden ..79. . . 746 L-.ra. West College Corner 59. Westfield 39., West Fork . . ..89. , West Harrison. 74. . West Lafayette. 39. , "\\'est Lebanon. 28. West Middleton . . West Newton. Westpoint Westporr .... West Terra Haute 51. Westville 3. Wheatfleld ... .11. .31.. .47.. ,.29. ..65. . . 432 . . 700 . . 209 . . 281 .3,867 . . 643 . . 200 . . 360 . . 309 . . 675 .3,083 . . .503 . . 357 Tuwnf! La Pnp. .67. Wheatland Wheeler 2 . Whiteland . . . .55. Whitestown -. . .38. Whiting 1. Wilkinson . . , Williams .... Williamsburg * Williamsport *Winamac . . . *Winchester Windfall .... Wingate Winona Lake. Winslow Wolcott 48. .70. .50. .28. .12. .42. .32. .37. .14. .77. .20. . . 409 . . 2.50 . . 343 . . 806 .6,587 . . .569 . . 350 . . 306 .1,243 .1,607 .4,266 . . 899 . . 446 .1,066 . . 932 . . 873 Wolcottville Wolflake . . . Woodburn Woodruff . . Worthington Teddo . . Yoder Yorktown Young Americ . .8. .15. .18. . .8. .61. ..36. ..18. 41 a.22. Zanesville Zionsville .26. .38. r.aril. Po/). .. 627 . . 450 . 862 . . 833 .1,733 . . 209 . . 260 1.100 . . 560 . 306 . 840 INDIANA CEM'ER OF POPILATION TS THK TNITED STATES AS FOLLOWS: 1890, NE.4K COLUMBUS, IND 1900, SPARTANBURG, IND.; 1910, BL003IINGT0N, IND. See Locations on Our Map The purchase of land at present prices, by the land-seeker, must result in large profit, from the fact that, compared with other States, Indiana can support a population four times as great as there are at present within her boundaries. THE CAPITAL, OF THE STATE. Indianapolis is located on a nearly level site 722 feet above tide water, in a region "of unsurpassed agricultural and mineral resources, on the edge of the natural gas belt, discovered in 1SS.5, and but a few hours from extensive forests, great area of coal fields, and rich veins of iron ore. Centrall.v located as this city is. in one of the great central States, it is natural that this should be a great railroad center, which is demonstrated by the incoming and outgoing of over 200 trains a day frorn the colossal Union Depot in the city. Nine parks adorn the city, nine iron' bridges cross the river and many miles of electric roads are in and about the town. The city has over 130 churches, over 40 school buildings and over 60 paved streets. Tiiere are many reasons why Indiana is a rich State and destined to maintain a dense population. Among these is the fact that its central location makes it a natural highway with easy output for all its agricultural and manufactured productions. Its highly fertile soil produces in abundance wheat, corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, peas, beans, potatoes, grass, clover seed, fruit, flaxseed, flax, hemp, hay, tobacco, wool, hops, beef, bacon, pork in bulk, butter, cheese, milk, mdple sugar, maple molasses, sorghum molasses, honey, wax, wine, cider and vinegar. It is an ideal region for corn, but any agriculturist who will pursue diversity of farming, of which the state is capable, is sure of a crop of some kind every year. Indiana is fortunate in the possession of a large amount of natural resources. Besides rich soil, un- limited quantities of coal, building stone, oil and gas. about one-third of the State is covered with forests, chiefly hardwood, including white, black, red and burr oak. hickory, sugar- and red maple, ash. beech, sycamore, elm. tulip, black walnut, tamarack, sumac, redbud, dogwood, persimmon and wild plum. NUMEROUS OPPORTUNITIES. In the great variet.v of opportunities in agricul- ture, horticulture, manufacture, commerce and mer- chandising, the land seeker who chooses Indiana as an abiding place may be considered fortunate. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS. Altitude. Highest point is at Carlos, in Ran- dolph County. 1.023 feet above sea level. Climate. Temperature at Indianapolis extremes. Highest. 106 degrees; lowest. 25 degrees below. General temperature mentioned elsewhere. Dimensions. Extreme length, 26.5 miles; extreme width. 100 miles; area. 3t'>.3.50 square miles. History. Immigrants from Canada settled at Vincennes in 1702, Coryden and other places. In- diana was a territory in l.SOO. Vincennes being the capital. The defeat of Tecumseh. Indian chief of the Shawnees, by General Harrison at Tippecanoe in Indian battle in ISll. originated the saying, when Harrison and Tyler were candidates for the presi- dency and vice-presidency: "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too." Tippecanoe is a small town of 304 people, in Marshall County. One of the very favorably located states in the United States is Indiana. In topography it is gently undulating over fully two-thirds of the state. The variation in elevation from Randolph county to Posey county, the extreme south-west part of the state, being only 900 feet in a distance of about 200 miles. Indiana is essentially a prairie state, with a highly fertile soil produced, as in other prairie states, from the decay of vegetation upon its level surtace for many generations. GREAT DEPTH OF RICH SOIL This strength of fertility is many feet in depth, the soil growing certain crops many years in suc- cession without the necessity for the use of any fertilizing material. THE niVER VALLEYS. The principal river valleys of- the state are exceed- ingly fertile. The Wabash valley covers 12,000 square miles, the White River valley comprises 9,000 square miles, while the Maumee valley, in the north- eastern part of the state, incluoes an area of 2,000 E(]UTre miles. The State is abundantly watered with rivers and small streams. The Ohio" borders the south of the State for a distance, wiih its windings, of over 14o miles. The Mabash rises in Ohio, flows through the State for a distance of more than 500 miles and empties into the Ohio. It has been navigated for a distance of 300 miles from its mouth. The Kan- kanUee, one of the constituents of the Illinois, flows a distance of 100 miles through the nortliwestern portion of the State. The limestone region in the southern part of the State contains many caves'^ the W'.vandotte Cave in Crawford County being almost as remarkable as the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. Bituminous Coal, in three varieties, is found in the State in great abundance. The coal area covers over 6,000 square miles in the southwestern part of the State, extending from Warren County, on the north, to the Ohio River, on the south, a distance of 150 miles. The total depth of the measures is from GOO to 800 feet, the seams ranging from one to eleven feet in thickness. The celebrated "Indiana block" coal, used foi making pig iron, is foimd in the southern portion of the coal ana. It is taken out of the mines in blocks weighing a ton or more. In Daviess County there is a seam of superior cannel coal. The area occupied by building stone quarries is estimated to cover 200 square miles, adjoining the coal fields. The stone in the beautiful Indiana capitol building and other important edifices are from the quarries of this state. Among other minerals is lithographic stone, and sand suitable for the manufacture of plate glass. Salt springs exist in the eastern border of the coal formation. Petroleum is an important prod- uct of the State and natural gas is used here in heating, lighting and manufacturing, besides being very considerably exported into Illinois through pipes l.Tid for that purpose. The absence of mountain ranges permits free ac- cess of wind from every point of the compass, with the consequence that the weather is often severe in the winte*-. yet destructive winds and very deep snows are rare. The average winter temperature i_s 31 degrees and in spring 51 degrees; summer. 7t! degrees: autumn. .55 degrees. For the year, 52 degrees. The amount of rainfall is 43.32. 59 IOWA STATE AND THE 99 COUNTIES OF IOWA With Their Boundaries (p m, s u M o=s ©"■"■■" T ^ ^ , 2 ' 3 4 8 '2 : 13 I 14 ' 15 I ^ I 16 ' 17 ^18 \ 19} 22 23 ' 24 I 25 L^l I 27 I 28 '29 1 ^^ 10 , 11 20 I 21 -t-n Sioux cityI ^( 31 132 '33 ' 34 ^ ^5 1 3g ct*^ '36 ^37 I- - I 38 39 ,40 1 41 r I ~ r ' I ^%43 ' 44 I 45 46 . 47 1 48 49 I 50 I 51 i 52 ^g55 [^6^^l58 i^ 59^ 60 1^61 J_ " ^^^ | 64 L 6;^m CO 67 I 68 I 69 ' 70 ' 71 ! 72 ^3 '' 74 ^75 ^^.l^^^^^'^ ^ n 78 I 79 ' 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I 84 I 85 i 86 197 89 ^11 90 ' 91 \ 92 I 93 j 94 ; 95 [^6~| 97 ' 98 \ ^ ^^^^'"''^ u LOCATION AXI> POPV'LATION OF lOAVA COrNTIES Location and Fopiilation of IOWA COUNTIES Lo- ca- COINTIES tion 1 Lyon . 2 Oscola. 3 Dickinson. 4 Emmet. 5 Kossulh. (!.... Winnebago . 7 Worth. « JlitcheU. 9 Howard . 10... Winnesheik. 11 Allmakee. 12 Sioux. 13 O'Brien. 14 Clay. 15 Palo Alto. 16 Hancock . 17. . . . Cero Gordo. Pop. l'.)10 .14,624 . 8,956 . 8,137 . 9,816 .21,971 .11,914 . 9.950 . 13,4.S5 .12,920 .21.729 .17,328 .25,248 .17,262 .12,766 .13,845 .12,731 .25,011 Ijiicd. Ciiinifii 18 Floyd. 19. . . . Chickarow. 20 Fayette. 21 Clayton. 22 Plymouth. 23 Cherokee. 24. .. Bueno Vista. 25. . . Pocahontas. 26 Humboldt. 27 Wright. 28 Franklin. 29 Butler. 30 Bremer. 31 Woodbury . 32 Ida . 33 Sac. 34 Calhoun . 35 Webster. 36 Hamilton. 37 Hardin. 38 Grundv. 39. .. . Blackhawk. 40 Buchanan . 41 Delaware. 42 Dubuque. 43 Monona. 44 Crawford . 45 Carroll. Pop. 17,119 15,375 .27,919 ,25,576 .23,129 .16,741 .15,981 .14,808 .12,182 .17,951 .14,780 .17.119 . 15,843 .67,616 .11,296 .16.5.55 .17.090 .34,629 .19,242 .20,921 .13.574 .44,865 .19,748 .17,888 .57.4.50 . 16,633 .20,041 .20,117 Luca. Cdunty 46 Greene. 47 Boone. 48 Story . 49 Marshall. 50 Tama. 51 Benton . .52 Linn. 53 Jones. 54 Jackson . .55 Harrison . 56 Shelby. 57 .Audubon. 58 Guthrie. .59 Dallas. 60 Polk. 61 Tasper. 62 ... . Paweshiek . 63 Iowa. 64 Johnson . 65 Cedar. 66 Clinton. 67 Pottawattomie. 68 Cass. 69 Adair. 70 Madison. 71 Warren. 72 Marion . 73 Mahaska . Pop. .16,023 .37,626 .24,083 .30,279 .22.156 .23,156 .60,720 . 19,050 .21,258 .23,162 .16„552 .12,671 .17,374 .23.628 110,438 .27,034 .19,.589 . 18,409 .25,914 .17,765 .45,394 .55,832 .19,057 14,420 .15,621 .18,194 .22.995 . 29.860 Loca. County Pop. 74 Keokuk. .21,160 75. . . Washington. .19,925 76 Muscatine. .25,505 77 Scott. .60,000 78 Mills. .15,811 79. .. Montgomery. .16,604 80 Adams. .10.998 81 Union. .16,616 82 Clarke. .10,736 83 Lucas. .13.462 84 Monroe. .25,429 85 Wapello. .37,743 86 Jefferson. .15,9.56 87 Henrv. .18,640 88 Louisa. .12,855 89.... Des Moines. .36,145 90 Fremont . . 15,623 91 Page.. 24,002 92 Tavlor. .13,845 93 Ringgold. .12,904 94 Decatur. .16,347 »5 Wayne. .16,184 96... Appanoose. .28,701 97 Davis. .13,315 98. . . . Van Buren. .15,020 99 Lee. .36,702 Total 2.224.771 Iowa Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations I.ori. I'i'p. Abingdon 86 209 Ackley 37... 1,244 Adair •Adel Afton Loca. Pop. . 69 . . . . 906 .59. . .1,289 .81. . .1,014 Loca. Pop. Agency 85. . . . 322 Ainsworth 75. . . . 408 Akron 22. . .1,130 .\lbert City.... 24. *.\lbia 84. .\lbion 49. Pop. . . 261 .4,969 . 457 60 Iowa Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations To Kits Loca. Pop. Alburnett Alden .... Alexander *AIgona . Allerton . . *Allison . . Alta Alta Vista Alton .... Altoona . . Alvard . . • Amana 63. Ames 48. *Anamosa 53. Andrew 54. Angus 47 . Anita 68 .52. .37. .28. . .5. .95. . .29. . .34. . .19. . .13. .60. . .1. . Ankeny Anthon Aplington . . . . Arcadia Ai-cher Arlington . . . Armstrong . . . Arnold Arnold's Park Arthur Ashton Aspinwall .60. .31. .39. .45. .13. .30. . ...4. .26. ...3. .32. . .2. .44. Atalissa 76. .51. .68. .33. .57. .23. .40. .84. .67. .15. .35. .58. . 8. .54. Bancroft 5. Barnes City ... .73. Batavia 86. Battle Creek. .33. Baxter 61. Bayard 58. Beacon 73. Beacon Jet 73. Beaman 38. 'Bedford 92. Atkins •Atlantic Auburn . •Audubon Aureiia . Aurora . . Avery . . , Av.ica ... Ayrshire . Badger Bagley . . Bdiley . . . Baldwin Belle Plaint Bellevue . . . Belniond . . . Bennett .... Bertram . . . Bettendorf . Bevington Birmingham Blairsburg . Blairstown Blakesburg .51. 54 .37. .65. .53. .77. .70. .98. .36. .51 .85. .73. .98. .60. .47. . . 13 . .91. Blanchard 91 . Blencoe 43. Blockton 93. •Bloomfield . .97. Blue Grass 77 . Bode Bolton .... Bonaparte . Bondurant *Boone . . . Boyden . . . Braddyville Brandon 9. Brazil 96. Breda 45. Bridgewater . . .69. Brighton 75. Bristow 29. Britt 16. Brooklyn 63. Buffalo 77. Buffalo Center. 6. •Burlington . . .89. Burroak 10 Burt 5. Bussey 73. Buxton 84. C Calamus 66. Callender 33. . 250 . 699 . 262 2,908 . 862 . 495 . 959 . 356 1,046 . 438 . 283 . 621 4,223 2,983 . 307 . 248 1,118 . 445 . 635 . 448 . 390 . 351 . 678 . 586 . 351 . 273 . 215 . 518 . 200 . 330 . 309 4,560 . 399 1,928 . 625 . 287 . 560 1,520 . 337 . 212 . 448 . 336 . 239 . 830 . 307 . 560 . 527 . 527 . 539 . 623 . 953 . 230 1,883 3,131 1,776 1,224 . 243 . 861 . 909 . 230 . 573 . 341 . 533 . 344 . 408 . 383 . 648 2,038 . 223 . 419 . 300 . 597 . 387 10,347 . 364 . 383 . 300 . 645 . 374 . 365 . 776 . 391 1.303 1,233 . 456 . 733 34,.334 . 731 . 495 . 669 5,060 . 370 . 331 Towns Lora. Pop. Calmar .... Caluinet . . . Camanche Cambridge . Cantril Carbon Carlisle .... *Carroll .... Carson Cascade .... Casey Castalia .... Castana .... Cedar Cedar Falls. Cedar Rapid Center Point *Centerville Central City <'hapin •Chariton . . •Charles City Charleston . Charlotte . . Charter Oak Chelsea .... •Cherokee . . Chester .... Chester Cent Churdan . . . Cincinnati Clare Clarence . . . •Clarinda . . •Clarion . . . Clarkdale . . Clarksville Clay Clearfield . . Clear Lake demons . . . Clermont . . . *Clinton . . . Coalfield . . . Coalville . . . Coggon .... Coin Colesburg . . Colfax College Sprgs. Collins . . Colo .... Columbia Columbus Columbus Conesville . . Conrad .... Conway .... Coon Rapids •Corning . . . Correctionvill Corwith .... •Corydon Cotter •Council Bluffs Crawfordsville Crescent . . •Cresco . . . •Creston . . Cricket . . . Cromwell Cumberland Cumming . Gushing . . . Jc 10. 13. 66. 48. .98. 80. 71. 45. 67. 43. 58. 10 43. 73. 39. 52. ,52. .96. 52. 28. .83. .18. 99. 66. .44. .50. .33. 9. .62. .46. 96. 35. .65. .91. .27. .96. .29. .75. .92. 17. .49. 20. .66. .84. .35. 32 . .91. .41. .61. .91. .48. .48. .72. .88. .88. .76. .38. .92. .45. .80. 31. .16. .95. .88. .67. 75. .67. . 9. .81. .73. .81. .68. .71. .31. Dahlonega •Dakotah . Dallas Dallas Cent( Danbury . . . Danville . . . Darbyville . •Davenport , Davis City. . Dawson . . . . Decatur . . . . •Decorah . . . Dedham . . . Deep River. Defiance . . . Delaware . . Delhi Delmar . . . . Deloit Delta D 85. .26. .72. .59. .31. .89. .96. .77. .94. .59. .94. .10. .45. .62. .56. .41 .41. .66. .44. .74. . . 849 242 .639 . 696 . . 445 . . 346 . . 592 . 3,546 .640 . 1,263 . . 639 . . .330 . . 364 .1,164 .5,012 32,811 .802 .6,936 . . 558 .250 . .3,794 , .5,892 .935 . . 356 . . . 734 . . . 507 . .4,884 . . 266 . . . 300 , . . 667 .1,355 . . . 299 . . . 662 . . . 832 . .3,065 . . . 300 . . . 957 . . . 639 . . . 625 . .2,014 ...213 . . . 510 .25,577 . . 406 . . . 350 . . 471 . . . 591 . . . 271 . .2,524 . . . 626 . . . 521 . . . 463 . . . 280 . . . 375 . .1,185 . . . 347 . . . 549 . . . 283 . . 1,084 . .1,702 . . . 893 . . . 455 . .1,669 . . . 200 .29,393 . . . 333 . . . 375 ..3,658 . .6,921 . . . 250 . . . 208 . . . 552 . . . 208 . . . 254 . . . 466 . . . 391 . . . 300 . . . 769 . . . 558 . . . 263 . . 300 .43.038 . . . 489 . . . 275 . . . 311 . .3,592 . . . 355 . . . 467 . . . 411 . . . 319 . . . 375 . . . 548 . . . 208 . . . 728 Towns Loca. Pop. •Denison Denmark Denver Derby Des Moines. . . . De Soto Dewitt Dexter Diagonal Ringgold . . . McDickens Dike Dixon Donnellson . . , Doon Douds Leando Douglass Dow City Dows Drakesville . . •Dubuque . . . Dumont Duncombe . . . Dundee Dunkerton . . Dunlap Dunreath . . . Durant Dyersville Dysart 44. .99. .30. .83. .60. .59. .66. .59. .93. 144. .38. .99. . 1. .98. .20. .44. .37. .97. .42. .39. .35. .41. .39. .55, .72. .65. .42. .50. Eagle Center. .39. Eagle Grove . .27. Earlham Earling Earlville Early . . . East Peru Eddyville Eden Edenville Edgewood Elberon Eldon . . . •Eldora Eldridge Elgin . . . •Elkader . Elk Horn Elkport . Elliott . . Ellston Ellsworth Elma .... Emerson •Emmetsburg Enterprise Epworth Essex .... •Estherville Evans Eveland . . Everlist Everly Exira .... Exline . . . . .70. . .56. .41. ..33. ..70. . .85. . .20. . .49. . .21. . .50. . .85. . .37. . .77. ..20. . .21. . .56. . .31. ..79. . .93. ..36. . . .9. . .78. 13. . .60. . .42. ..91. . ..4. ..73. . .73. ..72. . .14. . .57. . .96. Fairbank Fairfax . . . •Fairfield Fairview Farley .... Farmersburg Farmington Farnhamville Farragut Fa.yette . . . Fenton .... Fertile .... Flagler .... Floris Flovd Fonda .... Fontanelle •Forest City Fort Atkinson •Fort Dodge . •Fort Madison 99. Foster 84. Fraker 84. .40. .52. .86. .53. .42. .31. .98. 34. .90. .30. ..5. ..7. .72. .97. .18. . 33 . .69. . .6. 10. 35. Frankville Eraser Fraser Jet. Fred rick sburg Fredonia . . . . . .3,133 . . . 480 . . . 224 . . . 336 86,368 . . 336 . .1,634 . . . 767 . . . 509 . . . 255 . . . 229 . . . 408 . . . 337 . . . 581 . .1,060 . . . 300 . . . 462 . . . 893 . . . 349 .38,494 . . . 550 . . . 418 . . . 200 . . . 276 . .1,135 . . . 250 . . . 720 . .1,511 . . . 906 .693 . .3,387 . . . 749 . . . 323 . . . 552 . . . 500 . . . 371 . .1,085 . . . 214 . . . 448 . . . 555 . . . 336 ..2,024 . .1,995 . . . 217 . . . 564 . .1,181 . . . 347 . . . 210 . . . 528 . . . 205 . . . 406 . . . 807 . . . 478 . .2,325 . . . 350 . . . 520 . . . 776 . . 3,404 . . . 609 . . . 260 . . . 590 . . . 392 . . . 787 . . . 660 . 618 . 225 4,970 . 290 . 676 . 259 1,165 . 332 . 431 1.112 . 211 . 207 . 409 . 309 332 . 978 . 789 1,691 . 289 15.543 8,900 . 376 . 400 . 300 1,360 . 537 . 558 . 2iiO Towns Loca. Pop. 73. 11. 76. Fremont .... French Creek Fruitland ... G Galesburg Gait 27 Galva 32 Garden Grove 94 .61 .21. .16. .51. .50. ..1. .84. .5. Garnavillo •Garner Garrison Garwin . . . George Georgetown Germania Gilbert Station 48 Gilbertsville ..39 Gilman 49 Gilmore City. .25 Givin Gladbrook . . . •Glenwood Glidden Goldfleld .... Goodell Gowrie Graettinger . . Grand Jet. . . Grandmound Grand River . Grandview Granger Grant Granville .... Gravity Greeley Greene •Greenfield Grimes Grinnell •Grundy Ce't'r Guthrie Ce't'r Guttenberg H Halbur Hale Hamburg . . . . Hamilton •Hampton Hancock . . . . Harcourt . . . . ♦Harlan Harper Harpers Ferry Harris Hartley Harvey Hastings . . . . Havelock . . . . Hawarden Hawkeye . . . . Hazleton . . . . Hedrick Henderson . . . Hesper Highlandville Hillsboro . . . . Hinton Hiteman . . . . Hocking Holstein Homestead Hopkinton . . . Hornick Hospers Hubbard . . . . Hudson Hull Humboldt Humeston Huron Hurtsville Huxley Hynes I •Idagrove Imogene •Independence •Indianola Inwood Ionia •Iowa City . . lowafalls . . . . Ireton Irwin .73. .50. .78. .45. .27. .16. .33. .15. .46. .66. .94. .88. .59. .79. .12. .92. .41. .29. .69. .60. .62. 38. 58. .21. .45. .53. .90. .72. .28. .67. .35. .56. .74. 11. . .2. .13. .72. .78. .12. .20. .40. .74. .78. .10. 10. .87. .84. .84. .32. .63. .41. 317. .12. .37. .39. .12. .26. .95. .89. .54. .48. .84. .32. .90. 40. .71. ..1. .19. .14. .37. .12. .56. . 501 . 646 . 789 . 280 . 250 . . 357 , . 611 . . 342 .1,028 . . 438 . . 423 . . 606 . . 606 . . 436 . . 250 . . 280 . . 430 . . 689 . . 400 . . 869 .4,052 . . 850 . . 618 . . 240 . . 829 . . 556 .1.013 . . 428 . . 333 . . 374 . . 225 . . 250 . . 406 . . 475 . . 383 .1.150 .1.379 . . 733 . 5,036 .1,354 .1,337 .1,873 . 309 . 924 1,817 . 391 2,617 . 250 . 247 2.570 . 232 . 297 . 239 1.106 . 346 . 393 . 241 2,107 . 510 . 444 . 978 . 340 . 200 . 808 . 325 . 329 3,000 1.400 936 300 797 345 .581 568 373 658 1.809 1.006 . 908 . 260 . 336 . 500 1,874 . 341 3,517 3,283 . 593 . ?98 0.091 3,797 . 031 Kxplanation : Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Tiwns; Second Column, Number the Saiiic as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1010. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 61 Jamestown Janesville *Jefferson Jerome . . . Jesup Jewell Joice Jolley .... .30. . .46. , ■ iHt. . .40. . .36. . . .7. . .34.. . . £79 . . 208 . . 269 .3,477 . . ^75 . . 097 . . 941 . 389 , . 250 Kalo Kalona Kamrar 36, Kanawha 16. Kellerton 93. Kelley 48 Kellogg 61. . . . „.„ Kensett 7 360 Kenwood Park. 52.' .' '. '. 376 "Keokuk 99 Keosauqua . . .98 35 350 . . 466 . . 263 . . 398 . . 503 .. 231 610 Malvern *Manchester Manilla .... Manly Manning . . . Manson .... Mapleton . . *Maquoeta . Marathon . .78. . .41. ..44. !!45. . .34. . .43. .1,154 .2,758 . . 875 . . 346 .1,434 .1,236 .1,100 .54.. .3,570 .24. Marble Rock. . .18. Keota Keswick . Keystone Kimballton Kingsley J4. .74. .51. .57. .22 Kirkville 85. Kiron Klemme . Knierim . *Knoxville Kossuth . I-.acona . . Laddsdale Ladora 63 . . .44. ,. .16. ..34. ...72. ...89. .71. .97. Lake City Lake Mills Lake View Lamoni . . . Lamont Lamotte . . Lancaster T^anesboro ... .4,5 Lansing n Laporte City.. 39 Larchwood . . . .1 .28. .25. .19. .77. . .5. .49. .35. .73. Latimer Laurens Lawler Le Claire r..edyard . . Le Grand Lehigh . . Leighton . *Le Mars . Lenox 92. ! *Leon 94'. [ Lester 1 Letts .'88.'.' Lewis 68.. Liberty 82 Libertyville . . !86 Lime Spring Linden .... Lineville Linnburg . . r>inn Grove. Lisbon .... Liscomb . . . Little Rock. Little Sioux Livermore . Lockman . . *Logan .... Lohrville . . Lone Tree. . . Long Grove. . T^orimor Lost Nation Lovilia Lowden Low Moor. . .' Lucas .9. .59. .95. .35. .24. .52. .49. . .1. .55. .26. .84. .55. .34. .64. .77. .81. 66, .84. 65.. 66. 83. .14,008 . .1,009 ... 988 ... 321 ... 412 . . . 271 ... 977 ... 299 ... 207 ... 306 . . 220 .3,190 ... 250 . . 517 . . 250 . . 260 .2,043 .1,314 . . 514 .1,.541 .. 571 . . 288 . . 262 . . 268 . 1 ,542 .1,233 . . 434 . . 378 . . 817 . . 601 . . 690 . . 222 . . 338 . . 928 . . 200 .4,157 .1,274 .1,991 . . 244 . . 433 . . 603 . . . 835 . .1,017 . . 498 .. 315 . . 600 . . 309 . . 590 . . 846 . . 354 .. 471 . . 390 . . 578 . . 390 . 1,453 . . 674 . . 783 . . 225 . . 645 . . 523 . . 552 . . 584 253 «66 Marcus Marengo . . . . * Marion . . . . Marne Marshalltown Martinsburg Marysville . . *Mason City Masonville ". . Massena .... Maurice .... Maxwell Maynard . . . . Mechanicsville Mediapolis . . . Melbourne . . . Menlo Meriden Merrill Meyer Miles Mil ford . . . Millersburg Milo Milton .... Minburn . . Minden . . . Minerva . . Mingo .... Missouri Mitchell Mitchellville Modale .... Moingona 23. . . 63 . . .52. . .68. 533 . . 480 . . 896 .1,786 .4,400 266 .49.. 13,374 .74 285 .319 11.230 82 Vary .17. . .41. . .68. . 12. . 48. . 30. . 65. . . . .89. . . . .49. . . . .58. . . . . 23 . . . . .22 . . . .8.'.' . . .54. . 3. . . . . 63 . . ...71.. . . . 98 . . . . . 59 . . . .67. . . . . 49 . . 61. . 55.. .8. . 60. . Lata. Okoboji 3. . . . 504 Olin 53 659 0''»e 74.... 289 *Onaway 43... 2,026 Onslow 53. . . . 214 *Orange City 12... 1,374 Orient 69 Osage 8. *Osceola 82. *Oskaloosa . . . .73. Ossian 10 otho ;35; Otlev 72 oto ::3i; . . 490 . . 290 .. 754 . . 382 . . 817 . . 858 . . 423 . . 382 . . 346 . . 526 . . 387 . . 334 . . 575 . . 258 . . 519 . 913 . . 388 . . 423 , . 744 . 246 3,187 . 231 . 869 . 387 250 Ottercreek *Ottumwa Oxford . . Oxford Jet .54. . . 373 .2,445 .2,416 .9,456 . . 749 . . 904 . . 309 . . 208 689 Towns Rutland 26. Ryan 41 j 212 511 ..54. ..33. ..8. 70. .87. .31. .13. .41 .85.-22,013 .64. .53. 614 823 8. Mondamin . . . .55. . ! . 420 Monmouth ... .54] Monona 21 ' Monroe 61 . *Montezuma ..6? Monticello . . . .53^ Montour 50 Montpelier ... .76. Montrose 99. Moorhead .... .43. Moran .59 Morning Sun. ' .'88.' Afoscow 76 Moulton 96. Mount Auburn ^51 .'. . _„„ Mount .4yr 93. . .1,646 Mt. Pleasgnt 87.. 3^874 Mount Sterling 98. . . . 232 Mount Vernon 52 Moville . . . 221 . . . 792 . . . 800 . .1,172 ..3,043 . . . 383 . . . 576 . . . 708 . . . 366 .683 . . 897 . . 275 . 1 ,333 68 Murray . . . *Muscatine Mystic . . . . .31. .82. .76. .96. . . 1 ,53 . . . .552 . 796 .16.178 .2,663 Pacific Jet Packwood 86 Palo 52. Panama 56. Panora 58. Parkersburg . . .29. Parnel! 63 Paton 46. PauUina 13. Pella 72. Perry 59. Persia 55. Peterson 14. Pierson 31. Pilot Mound . .47 Pisgah .55 Plainfield 30. Plainview 77. Pleasant Grove 89. , Ploasanton . . . .94. . Pleasn't 'S'allev 77. . Pleasantville . .73. . Plymouth .... 17. ] *Pocohantas . .2,5 Polk 60! ! Pomeroy 34. . Popejoy 38. ! Portsmouth ...56 Postville .... Prairie City Prescott ..".. Preston .... *Primghar . . Princeton Promise Citv Pulaski Ouairy . . . Quasqueton Quimbj' .11. .61. .80. .54. .13. .77.. 95.. .97.. R N Luverne ,5 _ 5Q, Lynnville ..»..61 370 Lyons Kn ' k ^oa Lytton McCallsburg McGregor Mclntire . Jlacedonia Madrid . . Magnolia Malcolm Mallard . M 66. 33. .48. . .21. . . .4. ..67. .47.. .55. . .62. , .15. . .5,799 . . 209 . . 30» .1,2,59 . . 487 . . 357 .1,191 . 325 . 377 . 331 Nashua 19. Npoia 67. *Npvada 48! New Albin . . .11 . Newell 24. Newhall . . .' . .51 .' *Xew Hampton 19! New Hartford 39 New London. .87. . .1,144 New Market .. .93. ... 673 New Pr'vid'ce 37.. New Sharon. . .73. . *Newtnn 61 . New Virginia. 71 .'. Nichols 76 NilesviHe . . . ! .18! . Nodaway 80. . Nora Springs. .18 North English 63. . No. McGregor 21.. *Xorthwood . . . .7. , Norwalk 71 . . Norway .51 - Numa ! !96! ! ! ! 659 O .1,102 . . 936 .2,138 . . ,588 . . 728 . . 225 .2,275 482 . . 246 .1,122 .4.616 . . 396 . . 369 . . 866 . . 323 . . 985 . . 848 . . 588 1.264 . 315 479 Oakland . Oakville . Ocheyedan Odebolt . . , Oelwein Ogden .67. .88. 2 .'33! .20. .47. .1,105 . . 389 . . .595 .1.283 . 6,038 . 1 ,298 Radcliffe Randall Randolph Rathbun Readlyn Reasnor Redding , Redfield . •Red Oak Reinbeck Remsen Ren wick . Rhodes . . Riceville . . . . Richland Rickardsvillo Rid,geway . . Ringsted Rippoy Riverside . . . Ri vert on Rochester . . . Rnckford . . . *Rock Rapids Rock Valley Rockwell .49. .40. . 23 . .37. .36. .90. .96. ,30. .61. .93. ..59. . . . 501 . . . 264 . . . 208 . . 232 . . 1,080 . . 938 . . 369 . . 358 . . 796 .3.021 .4,630 . . 358 . . 480 . . 416 . . 347 . . 212 . . 288 . . 208 . . 848 . . 200 . . 767 . . 691 . . 358 . . 987 . . 310 . . 815 . . 200 . . 347 . . 953 . . 764 . . 426 . . 643 . . 733 . 379 . 274 . 383 . 224 . 394 208 660 209 304 382 337 350 269 659 Sabula *Sac City . . . Saint Ansgar Saint Charles Salem Salix Sanborn Sandspring Sargents Bluff 31. Schaller 33. . Schleswig 44. . Scotch Grove ..53.. Scranton 46. . Searsboro 62. Seigel 30. . Selma 98 Sergeant Bluff 31. . Sewal 95. . Seymour 95. . Shambaugh . . .91. . Shannon City 81. . Sharon Center 64. . Sheffield 28 Shelby 56.. Sheldahl 60 Sheldon 13 Shellrock Shellsburg Shenandoah *Siblev . . . •Sidney . . *Sigournev Silver City Silverlake" 7 Sioux Center Vi •Sioux City Sioux Rapids Slater Sloan Smithland . . . Solon South .Amuna South English 74 338 •Spencer 14... 3,005 epillville .... 10. . . . 320 •Spirit Lake ..3... 1,162 Springbrook . .54. . . . 217 Springdale . . . .31. . . . 208 Springville 52 . . . . 588 Stacy ville 8. . . . 407 Stanhope 36. . . . 281 Stanley 40. . . . 380 Stanton 79 653 Stanwood 65. ..511 State Center 49. . 898 Steamb't Rock 37 . . . . 378 .29. .51. . 91. 2 !9o! .74. 78. .31 . 98. .48. .31. .31. .64. 63. 74. .14. . 10. . .3. .54. .31. . . 918 .2.201 .. 747 . . 399 . . 501 .. 390 .1,174 . . 300 . . 416 . . 646 . . 455 . . 705 . . 845 . 326 . 200 . 300 . 525 . 308 . .2,290 . . . 245 . . . 293 ..1,076 .834 . . 586 . . 202 .3,941 . . 741 . . 527 .4,976 .1,330 .1,019 .2.033 . . 438 . . 638 . 1,064 47,834 . . 868 . . 473 . . 547 . . 334 . . 450 . . 348 . . .36 . . .49 79. . .4.830 38. . .1,305 .1.076 . . 372 . . 500 . . 844 ...8 .74 .43 .10 . .4 .46 .75 .90 .65. .18. . .1 . .13. 17 •Rockwell City .34. Roland Rolfe ... Rose Hill Rowan Rowley . , Royal" .., Rudd Runnel Is Russell . . Ruthven . .48. .35. .7.3. !40! .14. .18. .60. . .83. . . 15. . . . 613 . . 300 . . 354 . 313 . . 407 . . 653 . . ,583 . . 689 . . 916 . 3,005 .1,198 . . 700 . 1,538 . 641 . 9.54 . 369 . 256 . 200 . 300 . 296 . 428 . 613 . 655 Sterling Stockport . . . Stone City . . •Storm Lake Story City .. Stratford . . . Strawberry Pt 21 Struble Stuart Sully .... Summitville Sumner . . Sutherland Swaledale . Swan Swea City Sweetland . .54. .98. .53. 24. 48. 36. .58. .61. .99. .30. .13. .17. .73. . . 300 . . 365 . . 606 . 3,428 .1.387 . . 554 .1.0.52 . . 327 .1.826 . . 282 . . 280 .1.404 . . 664 . . 235 . . 292 . . 402 .1.134 76. T Tabor 90 Tama !5o!! Templeton . . . .45. Terril 3.. Thompson 6 Thor 26. . Thornburg ....74 Thornton 17 ' ' Thurman 90 Tingley 93' ' •Tipton 65!!. 2.048 Ti tonka 5 »7s •Toledo .50!!. 1.625 Z''^''y 72... . 208 J'-aer 50... 1,373 Trenton 87. . 1 124 Tripoli .30..!. '7.55 Tiuro 70 310 U T'nderwood . . . .37. . . . 271 T'nion ■. .67. !. . 540 . . 909 .2,290 . . 278 . . 253 . . .506 . . 271 . . 3.33 . . 271 . 336 380 62 Iowa Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. L'nionville . University : Urbana Ute Vail Valley Jet. Van Horn Van Meter Van Wert Vernon . . . Victor Villisca . . . Vincent . . . *Vinton Viola . . . . Vol go . . . . .96. rs. .51. .43. . 306 . 500 . 333 . 490 ..44. . . 631 ..69. .2,513 . .51. . . 444 ..59. . . 386 ..94. . . 461 ..98. 375 ..63. . . 640 ..79. .3,039 ..35. . . 315 . .51. . 3,336 Wadena . 353 Loca. Pop. Walcott 77. Walker 52. Wall Lake Walnut ♦Wapello . . . , •Washington , Washta ♦Waterloo Waubeek •. . . . Waucoma Waukee ♦Waukon . . . . ♦Waverly . . . . Wavland . . . . ♦Webster City Wei don Wellman Wellsburg Wescott . , . . AVest 33. .67. .88. .95. .23. .39. .52. .30. , .59. .11. .30., .87. 36. . .94. . . 75 . . .38. . .99. . . 63 . . . . . 416 . . . 517 . . . 561 . . . 950 . .1,326 . .4,380 . . . 410 .36,693 '. '. '. 4.33 . . . 34) .3,075 . 3,205 . . 550 . 5,208 . . 308 . . 724 . . 288 . . 457 Totals Lorn. Pop. West Bend . . West Branch __. W. Burlington 89. West Chester 75. West. College 52. Westgate . . West Grove West Liberty West Point Westside .... *West Union . What Cheer . Wheatland White Citv White Sulphur 77. Whiting 43. Whittemore . . .5. Whitten 37. Williams 36. Williamsburg ..63. .15. 65. . .20. .97. 76. .99. .44. .20. .74. .66. .73. . . 679 . . 643 .1,206 . . 222 . . 200 . . 232 . . 857 . 1,666 . . 570 . . 367 .1,652 .1.720 . . 539 . . 506 . . 250 . . 576 . . 518 . . 219 . . 457 .1,060 Touns Loca. Pop. Wilton Jet. Winfield ♦Winterset . Winthrop Wiota Woodbine . . Woodburn Woodland Woo/lward . Woolstock Worthington Wyoming . . Vale Yorktown . .76. ..87. . .70. . .40. . . . 68 . , ..55. . .82. . .94. . . .59. . !!42; ..53. . .58. .91. .1,157 . . 934 .3,818 . . 529 . . 239 .1,538 . . 430 . . 886 . . 712 . . 264 . . 314 . . 731 273 228 Zearing 48. IOWA A State Which Transports an Agricultural Exhibit All Over the State .\lon.? With Professors to Teach Scientific Farming. .4s an agrrirultural stati Iowa stands ac the very head. This is almost purely a prairie state; the richness of its soil permitting the growth of most abundant crops. It i« also equally distinguished for development in live stock interests. 20,000 SQU.^RE MILES OF COAL BEDS. But it is not alone in live stock and the produc- tion of grain in which Iowa excels. The bitu- minous coal fields of Illinois extends into Iowa, covering an area of 30,000 square miles; the veins of coal \arying in thickness from 2 ',2 feet to 500 feet. The lead mine tract is in a belt occupied by Galena limestor.e. which touches the Mississippi at Dubuque, and lies along the Turkey river valley in a northwest direction. The southern part of the state is well wooded along the rivers. In the northern portion trees are comparatively scarce, though groves of pine and cedar are found in some places. Of fruit trees the apple, pear and cherry grow in perfection. The wild plum, grape and gooseberry are indigenous. The climate here is well adapted to agricultural operations. Owing to there being nothing to ob- struct the winds there are cold in winter, but the winds of summ.er temper the heat. The average annual temperature is 4S. spring 47'/2, summer 701/2. autumn 45, winter 23Vi; annual rainfall 44.27 inches. While it is always wise to carefully investigate conditions of land before purchase, the land seeker can sce.rcely go amiss in buying land in Iowa. The soil is generally good, sometimes warm and sandy in river bottoms, though there is but little inferior land. The rich, dark vegetable mold in the valleys of the Des Aloines, Iowa and Red Cedar is from 1 to 3 feet thick, is free from pebbles, and is ver.v easy to cultivate. The lo\yIands are generally marshy. It is difficult to tell what cannot be grown here. The soil is adapted to the growth of every agricul- tural production which can be grown in this lati- tude. For the cultivation of the grains it is un- surpassed, potatoes grow in great perfection, and the soil and climate are favorable for flax and tobacco. Corn is largel.v grown in the southern part and in the valley regions. Wheat is adapted to the Cedar river district. The blue grass country is in the southwestern part of the state. Here are found superior breed- ing farms for horses and other fine stock. From this region is exported large quantities of dairy products and fruit. The beautiful undulating meadows, the cleai streams and pleasant hamlets. which abound in thu region, emphasize the full pleasures of farm life. A SUPERIOR AGBICULTLTtAI. SCHOOL. •Another fact adding Immensely to the prosperity of farmers in this state is the Iowa .Agricultural College, located at .\mes. in Story county. In ac- cord with an act of Congress this school w-as organized in 1869 by an endowment of 204.30'.) acres. Every department of this school is very complete and tuition free to residents of Iowa. Among other interesting features in its inuseums, are col- lections of botany, geology, entomology and natural history. Its < ourses of study, which are strictly practical, enable the graduate, in civil, electrical and mining engineering, to survey the routes for railways across the state, to instal electrical plants beside the rivers, and to test the mineral possi- bilities and conditions in Iowa. From the school of veterinar.v science the students go forth to properly care for the live stock in the state. From the dairy department the pupils go out to make success in the production of butter and cheese, for which the state is already famous. WHAT SCIENTIFIC FAR^UNG HAS DONE. In the department of agriculture, it is claimed, that one of the professors, through the fitting up of a seed testing appliance, termed "Germination Box," has added .$1.5,000,000 annually to the wealth of Iowa in the increased production of corn. This box is filled with moistened sawdust, and before planting tiine kernels are selected from such ears of corn as it is desired to reproduce in the fields. If the seed thus chosen readily germinates the fact is evident that this is a good and reliable seed corn, that every kernel will bring forth a stalk of corn, and every stalk will bear large ears. Thus there is no uncertainty among the young farmers of Iowa as to the quality of seed which they plant, and, weather conditions being right, there is absolute assurance as to production of crop. The professors of the Agricultural College in Iowa do n«»t stop with siinply giving instruction to those who seek their school. Thfy know that thousands of the old style farmers look with sus- picion upon "book farming." and unless this preju- dice is overcome the state will constantly be a loser in consequence of this ignorance. Realizing that these old farmers will not come to the school, a coinmodious car is fitted up to illustrate Iowa possibilities in agriculture, and this car tours the slate — an agricultural exposition on wheels. It is accompanied by lecturers who demonstrate and explain, the result being that the farmers of Iowa are getting the science of agricul- ture down to the finest possible point. It is no wonder that fanning in this state, with its know- ledge of fertilization, the constituents of soil, the secrets of germination, and the processes of cultiva- tion, should be greatly superior, in pleasure and profit, to the farming of a past generation. CONDENSED IMPORT.ANT F.ACTS. .Altittsde. The elevations run from 1.604 feet, at Spirit Lake, in Dickinson county, to 300 feet in the Mississippi river bluffs. *~" Climate. Temperature Moines, January 17: July extreme cold 30 below. 33.1 inches. History. Was originally a part of the Louisiana purchase" in 1803. and was then inhabited by the Sac and Fox Indians. The first white settlement was made in 17S8 by Julien Dubuque, a French- man from Canada, who olitained a grant of a large tract of land including the city now bearing his name, and the rich mineral lands surrounding it. He built a fort, carried on the mining of lead, and traded with the Indians until his death in ISIO. Wisconsin territory in 1836. In 1838 the territory of Iowa was organized and seat of government fixed at Burlington. In 1S39 the capitol was re- moved to Iowa City. average annual Des 75. Extreme heat, 109; Average annilal rainfall 63 IRRIGATION Location of U. S. Government Irrigation Projects. PEINCIPAL IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. IF THE LAND SEEKER HAS NO MONEY. The question may arise as to wliat a man can do at any of these projects without money. The answer is plain. Go to work for somebody who lias money and wants help. V^ery full details are published in the Govern- ment relating to opportunities for new comers and settlers on any one of the projects we here describe, the location of which is shown on our map. Write for the bulletins. Meaning of Irrigation Terms. Acre feet of water, means water sufficient to cover the land one foot in depth. Second feet, means flow of one cubic foot of water per second. Duty of water, means depth of water sufficient to supplv the land one year. Units of land, means size of plats of land to be sold. There is immediate and steady demand for skilled and unskilled labor at all the irrigated projects. To illustrate: From the bulletin relat- ing to the Wyoming-Shoshone project we clip the following: There is a steady demand for skilled labor at from $3.00 to $5.00 a day and for unskilled labor at from $2.00 to $3.00 a day. The wages paid are as follows: Carpenters $3.00 to $4.00 Masons 5.00 Bricklayers 5.00 Blacksmiths 4.00 Painters 3.00 Farm hands, by the day (with board) 2.00 Farm hands, by the month (with ' board). .. .40.00 Teamsters 2.50 to 3.00 Common labor 2.25 to 2.50 64 How and Where Shall I Get a Farm? WHAT WILL IT COST TO HAVE CONDITIONS ON WHICH I CAN BUY AND BE ABSOLUTELY SURE OF SUCCESS WITH weather so uncertain and climatic conditions so unreliable, where can I locate, have no fear of drouth, plant, cultivate, and get full reward for my money? With the many millions of dollars being expended by the Government in irrigating arid, barren, waste land it is a pleasure to give the accompanying map, showing the principal irrigated regions in the Western United States, while we reproduce from Government literature much important information which land-seekers want to know. The argument in behalf of settlement on irrigated land is well told in a bulletin issued by the Government on The Benefits of Irrigated Land How many times as the season advances does the farmer in Illinois or Missouri or middle western states go to town to be greeted with the question by the tradespeople: "Well, Jones, how's crops?" And how many times does the reply come: "Fine, if we can only have rain!" Irrigation means that Jones has rain when his crop needs it without damage to his neighbor Smith whose crop does not need it. It being the case that in any large section of country where diversified farming is carried on there are dif- ferent crops which for their periect maturing require water in different quantities and at dif- ferent stages, a heavy rainfall at any time, while benefiting some crops must of necessity dainage others, with the result that the country at large never reaches its highest possibility of produc- tion. It is only in an irrigated country that the crop which requires much water can get It at the times and in the quantities which may be needed without damage to the crop in the next field which needs less. No Longer Playing Game of Chance. This fact means much to the farmer. It places within his hands all the elements necessary to successful cultivation of the soil. He is no longer playing a game of chance with nature in which the dice are leaded, but a working partner with her to the end that the earth may yield its full- ness. ^Yith the ability to select his land and his seed, regulate water with perfect adaptation to the requirement of his crops, with equable ap- portionment of labor, equipment and cultivation, and an intelligent rotation of crops, the chance of failure to the farmer on irrigated lands is re- duced to its lowest degree. It is here alone that the farmer has an equal chance with men in other trades and professions, here alone may he invest his money and his time with the full assurance that he will have a fair thow to reap adequate returns from the same, and that like the merchant or the mechanic, his success is largely dependent on himself. Only Wants a Fair Chance. That, given an equal chance, the farmer is no whit behind those of any other trade or pro- fession, and that farming ranks among the most lucrative forms of investment and activity, is amply evidenced by a review of conditions in those sections where irrigated lands have reached a high state of development and where sufficient time has elapsed for a practical solution of its problems. Great Advance in Nation's Progress. Great movements in each century mark the progress of humanity, and irrigation is one of the epoch-making events of the twentieth century. A nation's real wealth is in its land, in those things which come out and off of the land. All other values are fluctuating, uncertain and con- tingent. Irrigation is the Midas touch which in a few years has transformed an uninhabitable desert into a blooming garden and made its sands yield greater riches than the sands of the gold- bearing placers of California or the Klondike, for the latter in time are exhausted, but the irri- gated desert yields its harvest perennially. Irri- gation has made millionaires of men who a few years ago were "land poor;" it has added ma- terially to the wealth of the nation, and has made homes for thousands. 65 Liberal Treatment of New Settlers by the Government. With the increase in population and the in- creasing demand for the supplies of life, no greater boon can befall us as a people than an increase in the available area of our farming lands, and it is through irrigation that the larg- est increase of this kind may be expected. Abolish Landed Aristocracy. One of the dominating traits of the American people is their home-making instinct. It was this rather than the lure of gold or the love of adventure which induced our forefathers to take their lives in their hands and brave starvation and death in a thousand horrible forms in order to make homes for themselves on the newly dis- covered continent. In the Old World the land, that basis of wealth and insignia of caste, was in the hands of a few. The value attached to it is demonstrated by the laws of entailment by which it is insured for all time to come into the possession of a few favored houses, thus consti- tuting the landed aristocracy and perpetuating it forever. For the man who was not to his inheritance born, the ownership of land was prac- tically an impossibility; but here was a great new and unoccupied continent offering an op- portunity whereby they might acquire a coveted bit of the earth's surface. The cost of failure was death, but they deemed it worth the risk. Our country is still being overrun today with the peasantry of Europe and the lure which brings them is the same as it was four hundred years ago. Here is a chance to make money and money will buy land. He know.s no prestige nor rank which is not identified with ownership of the soil, consequently the thing most desired is land. One of Our Greatest Dangers. One of the greatest menaces to our country is the discontent and uni'est bred among these for- eigners herded in the congested quarters of great cities. The sure remedy is land. Give the man a chance to earn a home, to identify himself with the soil, to actually appropriate to himself a small portion of this country where he must live, and you have done more to make him a peaceful, law-abiding, patriotic citizen than all the preaching and legislating which can possibly be brought to bear. Acquirement of Homes Easy. I'rom the very inception of our nation this home making instinct of humanity has been taken Into account. It was recognized by the legis- lators in rewarding the services of her soldiers by liberal grants of land. From that day to this it has been tlie policy of our government to make the acquirement of homes easy. It has been recognized in the enactment of all those statutes making easy the acquirement of public domain. Areas greater in extent than many of the original states have been donated for the purpose of making habitable the unutilized lands of the people. At one time the property of the nation embraced 1,800,000,000 acres; today it has been reduced to less than 500,000,000 acres. Out of this public domain twenty vigorous common- wealths have arisen and an agricultural empire come into being that is today the marvel of the world. It is with a view to still further enlargement of this agricultural empire that the United States Reclamation Service was called into being, and for the promotion of this purpose all of its regu- lations have been established. EXPLANATION OF RECLAMATION ACT. On June 17, 1902, the Reclamation Act was made a law by the signature of President Roose- velt. The substance of this act is that all moneys received from the sale and disposal of public lands in Arizona. California, Colorado. Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma. Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming, begin- ning with the fiscal vear ended June 30, 1901, in- cUifling the surplus of fees and commissions m excess of allowances to registers and receivers, and excepting 5 per cent of these amounts which is set aside for educational and other purposes, be set aside and appropriated as a special fund in the treasury to be known as the "reclamation fund," to be used in the e.xamination and survey for, and the construction and maintenance of. irrigation works for the storage, diversion and development of waters for the reclamation of arid and semi-arid lands in the said states and territories. Tlie public lands so reclaimed are subject to homestead entry, and there is absolutely no charge for the land itself; but the settler must pay to the United States, in not more than ten annual installments — without interest — his pro- portion, according to the number of acres he owns, of the amount expended by the United States in reclaiming his land. LIBERALITY OF THE GOVERNMENT. To make it an inducement for settlers to seek reclaimed land the government supplies the land, constructs the irrigation works, divides the land into smaU farm units comprising 10, 20, 40, 80 an.d 160 acres, makes no charge for the land and gives the irrigation improvements to the settler for just what they have cost, payments for the improvements to be made in ten years, including ten annual payments without interest. The great advance in the work of reclaiming waste land is shown in our map of over 30 great irrigation projects, the lands thus reclaimed in- cluding liundreds of thousands of acres, every one of which will be, or is already, occupied by intelligent agriculturists. Detailed information as to areas open to set- tlers may be obtained by addressing the Statis- tician of the Reclamation Service, Washington, D C or the Information Bureau. Recla nation Service, 802 Federal Building, Chicago, 111. 66 Where Government Land Offices Are Located. GOVERNMENT IRRIGATION PROJECTS. HOMESTEAD ENTRY FOR PUBLIC LAND. May Be Made at Any One of the Following Land Offices: state. Arizona. . . Arizona . . . California. California. California. Project Land Oflice. , Salt River Phoenix. , Yuma Phoenix. . Yuma Los Angeles. . Orland Sacramento. . Klamath Redding and Susanville. Colorado Uncompahgre Montrose. [daho Minidoka Hailey. Idaho Boise Boise. Kansas Garden City Dodge City. Montana Huntley Billings. Montana L. Yellowstone Miles City. Montana St. Mary Great Falls. Montana Sun River Great Falls. Nebraska North Platte Alliance. Nevada Truckee-Carson Carson City. New Mexico Carlsbad Roswell. New Mexico Hondo Roswell. New Mexico Leasburg Las Cruces. New Mexico Rio Grande Las Cruces. North Dakota Buford-Trenton Williston. North Dakota L. Yellowstone Williston. North Dakota Williston Williston. Oregon Klamath Lake View. Oregon Umatilla La Grande. South Dakota Belle Fourche Rapid City. Utah Strawberry Valley Salt Lake City. Washington Okanogan Waterville. Washington Simnyside North Yakima. Washington Tieton North Y^akima. Wyoming North Platte Cheyenne. Wyoming Shoshone Lander Publication approved July 28, 1910. FRANK PIERCE, Acting Secretary. ARIZONA SALT RIVER PROJECT. Reservoir Area, 25 Square Miles. Irrigates 190,000 Acres. This project involves the construction of a storage dam at Roosevelt, Arizona, a reservoir with an area of 25.5 square miles, and a capacity of 1,284,000 acre-feet, or enough water to cover 1,284,000 acres one foot in depth. The Roosevelt dam is of rubble masonry 280 feet high, 235 feet long on the bottom and 1,080 feet long on top. Its purpose is to regulate the flow of Salt River. When needed for irrigation the water is allowed to flow down the river from the dam for forty miles, where it is diverted by means of the Granite Reef dam into two canals, one on each side of the river. These canals carry water to about 190,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Phoenix and Mesa. The diversion dam is a rubble concrete weir 38 feet high and 1,100 feet long. The irrigation system includes about 469 miles of canal. Sends Electric Power Ninety Miles. A power canal ISV^ miles long, having a capac- ity of 200 second-feet, has been constructed and used to develop 4,400 horsepower which is utilized by all the accessory plants incidental to the work of construction. On this line are tunnels aggre- gating a total length of 9,780 feet. A power- house and a transformer house have been con- structed immediately below the dam and the power developed is transmitted electrically about 90 miles down the valley, where it will be used partly to pump water from underground sources to extend the irrigable area to about 50,000 acres of high lands in the Gila Indian Reservation and in Salt River Valley, and for drainage purposes. A large amount will be available for other pur- poses. A cement mill erected and operated by the Government furnished the cement used in the construction work, the dam alone requiring about 280,000 barrels. Evaporation of Water Four Feet a Year. The lands under this project surround Phoenix, the capital of the state, and are situated in Maricopa County, in Townships 7 North to 2 S., Ranges 2 W. to 14 E. The general elevation is 1,000 to 1,300 feet above sea level; temperature, maximum, 120 degrees; minimum, 20 degrees; mean, 70 degrees; rainfall, 3 to 10 inches. The watershed area is 6,260 square miles, with an additional 6,000 square miles on Verde River. The average annual rainfall on watershed is from 10 to 20 inches, and the estimated annual run-off of watershed is 800,000 acre-feet at Roosevelt dam and 500.000 acre-feet from thei Verde. The duty of water is four acre-feet per annum. That is, four feet depth of water is required on this land each year. A Wide Variety of Crops. The valley is traversed by the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific Railroads, which connect it with the towns of the State, the Pacific coast cities and the eastern fruit markets. The soil is an 67 Description of Irrigated Lands in Arizona and California. alluvial deposit of great fertility and adapted to the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, in- cluding those of the temperate and semi-tropical zones. The public lands in the project have all been filed on, but there are many large holdings of private lands which must be subdivided and sold to actual settlers, as no water right can be sold for more than 160 acres under the Reclama- tion Act. Roosevelt Dam. The Roosevelt dana is now completed, and the remainder of the project will probably be com- pleted by the end of the year 1912. Water is now being furnished to about 131,000 acres of land and this area will likely be increased by several thousand acres during the coming season. Dur- ing the current year the beet sugar industry has been proven a success in this valley, netting the growers handsome returns even under adverse conditions. Forage and grain crops, fruits and vegetables of all kinds produce well and com- mand high prices in the local markets. Electric power is now furnished to the valley from the Roosevelt power plant. Items of Historical Interest. The most interesting historical fact concerning this valley is that it shows prehistoric settlement — not only by the cliff dwellings which are found in the mountain fastnesses, but in the many signs of prehistoric dwelling and irrigation in the valley. Casa Grande, the ruins of a "great house," is one of the most interesting of all ruins to the ethnologist. It is not known how old is this house of four stories. The wall sur- rounding it is 400 feet long, a rectangle, and inside of it were many rooms. The Franciscan friars who accompanied Coronado on his explor- ing expedition through this country in 1540 re- ported these ruins as existing then. The once irrigated fields of the mysterious people who lived here spread away for miles and many defi- nite evidences of a complete prehistoric irrigating system have been discovered, some of the present canals following exactly the prehistoric grades. ARIZONA-CALIFORNIA YUMA PROJECT. A First-Class Land for Oranges and Semi-Tropical Fruits — Clear Skies. This project involves the diversion of the wa- ters of Colorado River by means of Laguna dam, a structure of the India- weir type, about 10 miles north of Yuma, Ariz., into two canals, one on each side of the river. This dam was com- pleted in March, 1909. It is about 19 feet high, 4,780 feet long, and 260 feet wide up and down stream. By a unique arrangement at the head- gates of the canals the waters of this muddy stream are drawn off comparatively clear. The distribution system consists of 157 miles of canals. A complete system of levees with a length of 73 V^- miles has been constructed to protect the bottom lands from overflow, and a pumping system will be utilized to remove the surplus waters from the low lying areas. Indian Reservation. On the Indian Reservation 173 farm units were opened to entry on March 1, 1910, and many of the entrymen are already clearing and leveling their farms. The cost of the water right is $55, payable in not more than ten annual installments, with an annual charge of $1 for operation and maintenance. There is also a charge of $10 for the price of the Indian lands, payable in not more than ten annual installments. Frostless Lane. The bottom lands comprise 17,000 acres in the Yuma Indian Reservation in California, 20,000 acres in the Gila River Valley, in Arizona, and 53,000 acres in Colorado River Valley, in Arizona. When the system is extended to include the mesa, or table lands, south of Yuma and east of the bottom lands in Arizona, about 40.000 acres of practically frostless land will be available for the cultivation of oranges, lemons, grapefruit, limes, olives, vegetables, etc. These lands are not subject to entry. The cost of water right has not been fixed but will be an- nounced before the lands are opened. The soil is rich alluvial deposit and produces enormous crops when water is applied. Alfalfa, grains, vegetables, sugar beets, nuts, melons, fruits, cotton, cane, corn, etc., are grown. Railroad Facilities. The Southern Pacific Railroad, which crosses the project at Yuma, furnishes transportation facilities to Arizona towns, and the Pacific coast and eastern markets. The watershed area is 200,000 square miles, and the estimated annual run-off is 11,000,000 acre-feet. The lands lie at an elevation of 100 to 300 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 22 to 118 de- grees above zero. The nights are cool and on account of the dryness of the atmosphere the sensible temperature is much lower than the thermometer indicates. CALIFORNIA ORLAND PROJECT. A Land for the Almond, English Walnut, Citrus and Deciduous Fruits. This project contemplates the reclamation of 14,000 acres of land lying about 90 miles north of Sacramento in Glenn and Tehama counties. The towns within the territory to be irrigated are Orland. Greenwood and Malton, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. The lands, which are prac- 68 Description of Irrigated Lands in Colorado for Sale. tically all in private ownership, are exceedingly fertile, and for many years have been cultivated and utilized for wheat growing. The soil is a gravelly loam, and with irrigation and the pre- vailing climatic conditions it has been demon- strated that the land is excellent for the pro- duction of alfalfa, nuts, including the almond and English walnut, and both citrus and deciduous fruits. The general elevation is from 175 to 3S0 feet above sea level; the temperature, maximum, 120 degrees; minimum, 26 degrees; average an- nual rainfall on the irrigable lands, 17 inches. The duty of water is 3 to SVs acre-feet per annum. The watershed area is 790 square miles. The average annual rainfall on the watershed Is 25 inches, and the estimated annual run-off on watershed 541,000 acre-feet. The engineering features of the project consist of a storage reservoir controlled by the East Park dam, on Stony Creek, at a point about 4U miles above Orland, and a diversion dam sit- uated at Miller Buttes for diverting water into two canals, one on each side of the creek, cover- ing lands in the vicinity of Orland. The storage dam is of concrete masonry, gravity section, 139 feet high from bed rock, 40 feet long on the bottom and 250 feet long on top. The diversion dam is of sheet piling capped with concrete, 900 feet long. The canal system includes 25 miles of main canal and SO miles of laterals. The farmers are pledged to dispose of their holdings in excess of 160 acres to bona fide settlers under the terms of the Reclamation Act. In the spring of 1911 the greater part or the whole of this project will be opened. No water has been supplied during 1910 other than a small quantity of flood water. COLORADO GRAND VALLEY PROJECT. The Apple and Peach Orchards and Cantaloupes Worth $1,000 per Acre. This project is planned to irrigate about 53,000 acres of land in Mesa County, Colorado. The work involves the construction of a diversion dam in Grand River, about 60 miles of main canal, and a series of short tunnels on the first few miles of canal having an aggregate length of about 20,000 feet. It is probable that consider- able power will be developed at drops in the canal, and used to pump water to elevations above the main canal. 15 Below to The average elevation 4,700 feet above sea level from 15 degrees below to and the rainfall on the 6 to 11 inches annually. 8,550 square miles. About 70 per cent of ownership or has been e 100 Above. of the irrigable area is ; the temperature ranges 100 degrees above zero, irrigable area is from The watershed area is the land is in private ntered under the home- stead law, and the remainder will be thrown open to entry upon completion of the works. The soil is red mesa sand, black bottom sandy loam, and adobe. The duty of water is one second foot of water at the farm per 100 acres of land. The apple and peach orchards of the Grand Valley bottom lands are almost world famous, the crops frequently selling for more than a thousand dol- lars per acre per annum. Strawberries and can- taloupes are usually grown between the rows while the orchards are growing, also potatoes and other vegetables. Alfalfa and sugar beets are grown in other sections of the project. The Denver & Rio Grande and Colorado Midland Railroads connect the project with the markets of the Mississippi Valley and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. There are railroad stations at Palisade, Clifton, Grand Junction, Fruita, Loma, and Mack. COLORADO UNCOMPAHGRE VALLEY PROJECT. 330 Miles of Canals, Irrigating 140,000 Acres— 15,000 Open to Entry. This project provides for the diversion of waters of Gunnison River by means of a tunnel 30,583 feet in length, cross section 10^^ by 11% feet, cement lined, with a capacity of 1,300 second feet. The tunnel passes through a range of mountains and carries the water to Uncom- pahgre Valley, where it will be used to supple- ment the local supply and extend the irrigable area to about 140,000 acres of land. Work on the tunnel was commenced in 1904 and it is now ready to carry water. There are 330 miles of canals in the distributing system. 20 Below, 98 Above. The lands to be irrigated lie in Montrose and Delta counties. Township 15 S., Ranges 94 to 96 W., 6th P. M., and Townships 48 to 51 North, Ranges 7 to 12 W. N. M. M. The general eleva- tion is 5,000 to 6.400 feet above sea level and the temperature ranges from 20 degrees below to 98 degrees above zero. The watershed area is 3,850 square miles, and the estimated run-off of watershed is 1,500,000 acre-feet. The rainfall on the irrigable area is from 6 to 12 inches, and the rainfall on the watershed ranges from 7 to 20 inches. The lands for which water is now available are all in private ownership, but upon the completion of the works about 15,000 acres will be opened to entry. The farm unit varies from 40 to SO acres, and the duty of water is 4 acre-feet per annum at the farm. About 60,000 acres are suitable for raising first-class apples and peaches. Orchard lands produce as high as $500 per acre 69 Irrigated Lands and Conditions of Sale in Idaho. net in the valley. The bottom lands, comprising from 80,000 to 90,000 acres, are adapted to the growing- of alfalfa and sugar beets. Farmers make as high as $80 per acre net from the latter crop, and from $100 to $200 per acre from pota- toes. The Denver and Rio Grande Railroad traverses the tract, with stations at Montrose. Olathe and Delta. The principal markets are Denver and the local mining camps, although the apples are shipped also to eastern markets. IDAHO MINIDOKA PROJECT. 507 Miles of Canals — Supplies Electric Power to Adjoining Towns. The irrigable area under the Minidoka project consists of about 81,000 acres under the gravity system and 50,000 acres under the pumping sys- tem (127,650 acres were public, 20,886 State, and 3,147 acres private land). The lands lie on both sides of Snake River, in Lincoln and Cassia counties. Electrical Power Developed. The engineering work includes a diversion, power and storage dam on Snake River, at a point about 6 miles south of Minidoka, Idaho; and two canal systems, one on each side of the river, heading at the diversion dam and cover- ing lands in the vicinity of Acequia, Rupert, Heyburn, and Burley. Power is developed at the diversion dam for generating electrical energy for pumping water to lands on the south side of the river too high to be reached by a gravity system. The diversion and power dam, three units of the power plant, and the distributing canals for the gravity system are finished, and the power and pumping plants and canals for the pumping system are about completed. The diversion dam has a height of 86 feet and a length of 650 feet and is of the earth and rock type. The distribution systems include 507 miles of canals. The power and transmission lin.es will have a length of from 13 to 20 miles. Con- tracts have been awarded to supply power to the towns on the project. Thousand Acres to Apples. The soil is sandy loam and volcanic ash, free from alkali, and exceedingly fertile. The sandy soil is particularly adapted to the raising of alfalfa, potatoes, beet and other root crops, as well as melons, strawberries, etc. It is also es- pecially adapted to the cultivation of sugar beets. The ashy formation is better adapted to grain. orchards, etc. Noting the success of farmers on the nearest cultivated land the settlers under the Minidoka project planted more than a thou- sand acres to apples in 1908. It is believed that all fruits of a hardy variety will produce abun- dantly in this section. Ample Water; Delightful Climate. The general elevation is 4,200 feet above sea level, and the climate delightful. There is an ample water supply. The watershed area is 17,900 square miles, and the estimated annual run-off is 8,000,000 acre-feet. The average an- nual rainfall on the irrigable area is 14 inches. Low Cost Water Right. The cost of water right is $30 per acre, pay- able in ten annual installments, and the operation and maintenance charge for 1910 was 75 cents per acre for the gravity system. The building, operation and maintenance charges for the higli areas to which water must be pumped have not been fixed. Good Openings for Business. The farm unit is 40 acres within a radius of IVi iniles from the center of each of the Govern- ment townsites, and 80 acres on other lands. There are some State lands which will be sold by the State Land Board at Boise, Idaho, to whom inquiries should be addressed. Lots in the Governinent towns may be purchased at reasonable prices upon application to the Regis- ter of the Land Office at Hailey, Idaho. There are good openings in these towns for professional men, merchants, manufacturers and laborers. The irrigable lands have all been filed on, but farms may be purchased at reasonable prices from present settlers. IDAHO BOISE PROJECT. Reclaims 243,000 Acres — Eight Tons of Alfalfa in Three Cuttings. The south side unit of original Payette-Boise Project, now known as the Boise Project, when fully developed, will reclaim approximately 243,- 000 acres and will supplement the supply for about 79,000 acres of land in the fertile valleys of the Boise and Snake Rivers, in southwestern Idaho, which are tributary to the Oregon Short Line, the Boise, Nampa, and Owyhee, and the Idaho Northern Railroads. The lands are located in Ada and Canyon counties. Townships 1 to 4 North, Ranges 1 to 5 West and 1 to 2 South, B. M. The general elevation is 2,500 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 28 degrees below to 107 degrees above zero. The thermometer rarely reaches zero, however, and freedom from wind marks the winter months. The summers are long, sunshiny, and warm, and with irrigation promote the most rapid vegetable growth. The average rainfall is 12.7 inches. The soil is of volcanic origin, free from rocks, easily worked and rich in the necessary mineral con- stituents. With rotation of crops and the addi- tion of vegetable mold, it becomes richer and very productive. 70 Irrigated Lands in Kansas and Montana. Subdividing Their Holdings. Practically all of the lands under this project liave been tiled upon, but some of the settlers are subdividing their holdings and offering re- linquishments at prices varj^ing with location and improvements. Tlie farm unit has been fixed at 80 acres. Farms in a good state of cultivation produce three to eight tons of alfalfa per acre in three cuttings, two to five tons of clover, 50 bushels of wheat and 75 bushels of oats. After the last cutting the meadows furnish pasturage. Both clover and alfalfa seed yield splendid crops. Ap- ples, prunes, and small fruits produce well and are shipped in quantities to eastern markets. Idaho fruits command high prices. Creameries are in operation in nearly every town. Sugar beet culture is also profitable. Two trolley lines liave been extended from the principal towns to cover portions of the valley. Watershed 2,610 Square Miles. The engineering works involved the construc- tion of storage reservoirs on the headwaters of the Boise River. A diversion dam has been com- pleted on Boise River, eight miles above Boise, diverting water into an inlet and distributing canal irrigating lands under it and supplying Deer Flat reservoir in the vicinity of Nampa, which has a capacity of 186,000 acre-feet. The watershed area of the Boise River is 2,610 square miles; the average annual rainfall on watershed is 25 inches and the estimated annual run-off of watershed is 1,800,000 acre-feet. The average rainfall on the irrigable area is 12.7 inches. KANSAS GARDEN CITY PROJECT. This Plant Consists of Twenty-three Pumping Stations, Electrically Driven. This project consists of a pumping system for the recovery of underground waters which are delivered into a conduit leading to an old dis- triljuting canal known as "The Farmer's Ditch." The plant consists of twenty-three pumping sta- tions, each driven electrically from a central power station. There are 10,677 acres of irri- gable land in the project, lying in the vicinity of Garden City, on the north side of Arkansas River, Townships 23 to 24 S., Ranges 32 to 34 W., Sixth Principal Meridian, Finney County. The lands are all in private ownership, but there are some excess holdings for sale. The soil is a rich, prairie loam capable of the highest cultivation and well adapted to the raising of grain, sugar beets, cantaloupes, alfalfa, and other crops of the plains region. The average elevation of the area under this project is 2,925 feet above sea level, and the temperature range:^ from 20 degrees below to 105 degrees above zero. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway fur- nishes transportation for the products to the local markets and to Chicago and Kansas City. The water right charge is $37.50 per acre of irrigable land, and the farmers are also required to pay an annual maintenance and operation fee which at present amounts to $2.75 per acre. MONTANA BLACKFEET PROJECT. Five Proposed Canal Systems Reclaim 132,000 Acres. This project, which is being built for the In- dian Service, involves the immediate reclamation of 50,000 acres of land in the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Teton County, Montana, and the ultimate reclamation of 132,000 acres total under five proposed canal systems. The first construc- tion involves the diversion of water from the left bank of Two Medicine River immediately below the confluence of Little Badger Creek, and its conduction to lands in the east-central portion of the Reservation. The lands lie at an eleva- tion of approximately 3,850 feet and range in temperature from 40 degrees below zero to 100 degrees F. The soil is rich sandy loam, produc- ing abundantly with sufficient moisture, the average rainfall being about 16 inches, but vary- ing materially. Some hay and grain and excel- lent pasturage are produced without irrigation. The land can be irrigated with little leveling or preparatory work, and excellent crops of grain, alfalfa, potatoes and other vegetables can be pro- duced. The lands to be irrigated by the first system now being constructed lie east of the town of Cut Bank and adjacent to the Great Northern Railway which furnishes transportation facilities. Other stations on the Great Northern Railway from which the lands can be reached are Opal, Seville, Bombay, Blackfeet and Browning. The main canal and a portion of the distribu- tion system of the Two Medicine Unit will probably be completed in time for irrigation season 1911. No entry can be made until formal notice has been given by the Secretary of the Interior, at which time the cost per acre for water right, the size of farm unit and method of filing will be made public. 71 Opportunities Offered on Irrigated Land in Montana. MONTANA HUNTLEY PROJECT. Towns Close Together — Two Transcontinental Railroads — All Towns Near Railroads. This project contains about 30,000 acres of irrigable land located along the Yellowstone River, in Yellowstone County. As the lands are a part of the ceded strip of the Crow Indian Reservation settlers are reciuired to pay $4.00 per acre to the Indians — one dollar at the time of entry and seventy-five cents annually for four years, beginning with the second year. In addi- tion to this the Government charges the settler the cost of building the irrigation works, which is $30.00 per acre, payable . $3.00 per acre per annum for ten years. The payments may be made in fewer installments if desired. A further annual charge of 60 cents per acre for operation and maintenance is made. The first payment of $4.60 becomes due when the land is filed upon. Delightful Climate. The general elevation of this part of Montana is 3,000 feet above sea level, its climate is de- lightful and the soil varying from light sandy loam to heavy clay produces abundant crops when properly watered. The principal products are alfalfa, forage, cereals, sugar beets, vegetables, apples and small fruits. The farm units vary from 40 to 160 acres, depending upon location, and average 40 acres of irrigable land. The irrigated land in this section is worth from $75.00 to $200.00 per acre according to the state of cultivation and the crops grown. Two transcontinental lines of railroad — the Northern Pacific and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy — traverse the tract its entire length, and eight towns have been laid out on these lines at intervals of five miles, so that no farm is more than three miles from a shipping point, and the average distance of all farms from a railroad station is only 1% miles. There is a fine free range country adjoining the project, and the live stock industry affords a permanent home market for alfalfa. The railroads furnish excel- lent transportation facilities to Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis, Omaha. Denver and nearby cities. Unusually Good Opportunities. Schools and churches have been established and the towns offer unusually fine opportunities for professional and business men, manufactur- ers, laborers, etc. The town lots have been ap- praised, and may be purchased at the land office at Billings, Montana. Water to Each Farm. The engineering works consist of a system of canals having a length of 268 miles, which de- liver water to each farm. The headworks, cul- verts and other structures are of reinforced con- crete and the three tunnels with an aggregate length of 2,653 feet are lined with cement. The pumping plant near Ballantine is a novel feature, as the drop of water from the main canal is made to lift a portion of the water to a higher level to supply the High Line canal. Vertical turbines and centrifugal pumps are mounted on the same shaft and the operation is nearly auto- matic. More than 200 farms under this project are still subject to entry. MONTANA MILK RIVER PROJECT. Reclaims 248,000 Acres — Many Towns and Railway Stations in Milk River Valley. This project contemplates the ultimate reclama- tion of about 248,000 acres of land in the Milk River Valley between Chinook and Glasgow in Chouteau and Valley counties, Montana. About 50 per cent of this area is public land. The average elevation is 2,200 feet above sea level and the temperature varies from 45 degrees below zero to 100 degrees F. The soil is sandy loam and clay, well adapted to the raising of hay, grain, vegetables, alfalfa, sugar beets and other products of the north temperate zone. The Dodson dam has been completed and from the reservoir water will be diverted into the canals on each side of the river. The Dodson South canal has now been completed and about 10,000 acres of land was irrigated during the season of 1910. Tills canal covers lands extending from Dodson to Nelson Lake Reservoir, from whence it is expected to construct another canal to cover lands between that point and Glasgow. There are many towns and railway stations in the Milk River Valley, all being upon the Great Northern Railway, which traverses its entire length. 375 Miles Main Canal. In addition to the regulation of the discharge of Milk River, the water supply will be supple- mented from St. Mary Lakes. The discharge of St. Mary basin will be stored and conducted by a canal 25 miles to the head waters of Milk River. The engineering features involve storage and several diversion dams, 375 miles of main canal and an extensive lateral system. It is ex- pected that following the completion of the Dod- son South Canal and the supplying of water to the lands thereunder successive units will be developed in order that additional areas may be irrigated as rapidly as possible. 72 Inducements for Settlers in Montana. MONTANA SUN RIVER PROJECT. Reclaims 276,000 Acres — Grazing Land Included With Farm Units. The lands under this project are located in Teton, Lewis and Clark, Chouteau and Cascade counties, about 25 miles from Great Falls. Sun River Valley is about 70 miles long and from one to five miles wide. The ultimate development of the project involves the reclamation of 276,000 acres of land. A compact body of 16,000 acres, known as the Fort Shaw Unit, has been opened to entry and is being rapidly settled. No Brush to Be Cleared. The soils are sandy loam, clay, adobe, and alluvium. There is .no sage or other brush to be cleared. The principal crops are alfalfa, hay, grain, vegetables and sugar beets. The general elevation is 3,700 feet above sea level and the temperature ranges from 40 below to 100 degrees above zero. Fine grazing lands surround the project. The farm units vary from 40 to 160 acres of land. Wherever practicable, a tract of graz- ing land is included in the farm unit. The watershed area consists of 850 square miles on Sun River and 290 square miles on Deep Creek, and the estimated annual run-off is about 700,000 acre-feet. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 12 inches. Homestead Farms Obtained. Farms under this project are obtainable under the homestead law, subject to the charges of actual cost of water upon the land. This charge has been fixed at $3,000 per acre of irrigable land in not more than ten annual installments. At present the operation and maintenance charge is 50 cents per acre per annum, and the sum of $3.50 per acre is due and payable at the time of making entry. Villages Close Together. An interesting feature in connection with this project is the estaljlishment of villages every six miles. In connection with the Fort Shaw Unit already opened the villages of Fort Shaw and Simms have been established and town lots may be purchased at the local land office at Great Falls. MONTANA - NORTH DAKOTA LOWER YELLOWSTONE PROJECT. Several Thriving Villages on This Project — Abundance of Lignite Fuel in the Vicinity. The project provides for the diversion of water from the Yellowstone River at a point 18 miles northeast of Glendive, Montana, and will ulti- mately irrigate 65,000 acres of land, for 47,000 acres of which the works have been completed and the water is now available. Two-thirds of the lands to be irrigated are in Montana, the bal- ance in North Dakota. The lands are traversed by the line of the Missouri River Railway, grad- ing for which has been completed and trains will be operated over same in the fall of 1910. The lands are also tributary to the Great Northern Railway on the north and the Northern Pacific Railway on the south. Soils Easily Cultivated. The general elevation is 1.900 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 30 de- grees below to 100 above zero. The soil is a deep, sandy loam, easy to cultivate and very fertile. Alfalfa, the great forage crop of the West, is especially adapted to the soil and cli- mate. Small grains are raised with success and it is believed that sugar beets will be a profitable crop. The crop yields for 1909 w'ere abundant. There are several thriving villages on the proj- ect. Minneapolis, St. Paul and local towns fur- nish markets for the produce. The average I'ainfall is 16 inches. Surrounding the project is one of the largest and best grazing areas in the United States, providing a fine range for vast numbers of cattle and sheep. An abundance of lignite for fuel is found throughout this section. The principal engineering features consist of a diversion dam 12 feet high and 700 feet long, 146 miles of canals and the development of 290 horse- power. Lands $3 Per Acre. The building charge has been fixed at $42.50 per acre of irrigable land, payable in not more than ten annual installments, each not less than $4.25 per acre. The annual charge for maintenance and operation is $1.00 per acre. The lands have practically all been filed on but as the farm unit has been fixed at SO acres many of the settlers will be obliged to relinquish a portion of their holdings. In addition to these relinquishments the irrigable railroad lands are on the market and may be purchased at $3.00 per acre. Private lands may also be purchased at prices varying from $15.00 to $25.00 per acre and considering quality of land, location and productiveness, are very low priced. 73 Opportunities Offered on Irrigated Land — Nevada, Nebraska, Wyoming. NEBRASKA-WYOMING NORTH PLATTE PROJECT. 150 Miles of Canals — Capacity of Reservoir, 1,025 Feet — Watershed, 12,000 Square Miles. This project is located about 100 miles north of Cheyenne, Wyoming, and extends along the North Platte River. About 80,000 acres of land prac- tically all of which has been filed upon will be supplied with water in 1910. The land is tribu- tary to the Chicago and Northwestern, Burling- ton and Missouri River, and Union Pacific Rail- roads. The average elevation is 4,100 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 25 degrees below to 100 degrees above zero. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is about 15 inches. Soil Very Fertile. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam, quite free from alkali, and requiring 2i^ acre-feet of water per acre per annum. Alfalfa is the principal crop, but cereals, sugar beets and potatoes are successfully grown. Excellent range country borders the irrigable lands in Wyoming. The farm unit has been fixed at 80 acres, and the building charge is $45 per acre. There will be an annual charge for operation and mainte- nance after the second year. All accrued in- stallments must be paid at the time of entry. The watershed area is 12,000 square miles, and the estimated annual run-off of watershed at Pathfinder dam is 1,500,000 acre-feet. Canal 150 Miles Long. The principal engineering features consist of a storage dam forming what is known as The Pathfinder Reservoir on the North Platte River, about 50 miles southwest of Caspar, Wyoming, a diversion dam 150 miles down the river at Whalen. Wyoming, and the interstate canal 150 miles long. The Pathfinder dam is a concrete rubble masonry arch 218 feet high and 432 feet long on top. It is completed and the reservoir has a capacity of 1,025,000 acre-feet. The diver- sion dam at Whalen is a reinforced concrete weir 25 feet high and 300 feet long. A diversion dam is also planned to be constructed at Guernsey, Wyoming, for diverting water into a canal to cover lands in Goshen Hole, in eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska, which are now with- drawn from entry. The lands in Wyoming must be filed on at the land office at Cheyenne, Wyoming, and those in Nebraska at the land office at Alliance, Ne- braska. NEVADA TRUCKEE-CARSON PROJECT. Canals, 600 Miles — Irrigates 260,000 Acres — Contains Several Storage Reser- Homesteads Open to Entry. voirs This project is located in western Nevada, in Churchill, Lyon and Storey counties, Townships 17 to 20 North, Ranges 17 to 31 East, M. D. M. The first unit of the project was opened in 1907 and lands are now subject to homestead entry. In addition to the land office filing fee each set- tler is required to pay .$3 per acre annually for ten years, without interest on deferred pay- ments. An annual maintenance fee of 60 cents per acre is charged in addition. The first pay- ment of $3.60 per acre must be paid at the time of filing on the land. The farm unit is 80 acres. Three Feet Depth Water Required. The climate in this valley is healthful and mfld. The elevation above sea level is about 4,000 feet, and the temperature ranges from zero to 112 degrees F. It is so dry, however, that the ex- tremes, which seldom occur, are not injurious. The average rainfall on the irrigable area is 4 inches per annum. The soil is sandy loam, clay loam, and volcanic ash, requiring 3 acre-feet of water per annum for each acre. The valley will produce every variety of crop grown in the north temperate zone. Alfalfa, wheat, barley, and oats grow luxuriantly, and corn is also a profitable crop. Apples, pears, peaches, apricots, cherries, potatoes and garden vegetables do well and find a ready market in the nearby mining towns. The Southern Pacific and Nevada and California Rail- roads traverse the tract and furnish transporta- tion to the markets of the country. The watershed area is 3,450 square miles, the annual rainfall on the watershed, 25 inches, and the estimated run-off, 1,000,000 acre-feet. Homesteads Open for Entry. A dam has been built on Truckee River, near Wadsworth, to turn the flow of the stream into a canal 31 miles long, which carries the waters to Carson River. Here a diversion dam turns the waters as needed into two main canals. The first unit of this project, which is now complete, involves more than 600 miles of canals and lat- erals, 50,000 feet of dikes and the dams on Truckee and Carson Rivers. The project in its entirety will irrigate about 260,000 acres of land and will involve the construction of several stor- age reservoirs and the development of power. A limited number of homesteads are at present open to entry. 74 Irrigated Lands in New Mexico and Texas. NEW MEXICO CARLSBAD PROJECT. Principal Crops, Peaches, Pears, Apples, Cherries, Small Fruits, Alfalfa, Cotton and Garden Truck. Tlie principal works under the Carlsbad project include the reconstruction of canals and storage reservoirs on Pecos River, in Eddy County, which were built to irrigate about 20,000 acres of land. These lands are all in private ownership, but several thousand acres are included in excess holdings and may be purchased. The price of these lands varies from $20 to $60 per acre. The cost of water right is $31 per acre, payable in ten annual installments, and the annual mainte- nances and operation fee is $1.35 per acre. The general elevation is 3,100 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from zero to 110 degrees above. The soil is a light, sandy alluvium, and very fertile. The principal crops in the valley are peaches, pears, apples, cherries, small fruits, alfalfa, cotton, sweet potatoes, celery and garden truck. Fodder, corn, cane and milo maize produce good crops. Stock raising is very profitable, owing to the extensive range lands on the east and west. The Santa Fe Rail- way furnishes transportation facilities to nearby markets and to Denver and Chicago. The watershed area is 22,000 square miles, the average annual rainfall on watershed area is IH inches, and the estimated annual run-off, 150,000 acre-feet. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 15 inches. NEW MEXICO HONDO PROJECT. Fertile Alluvium Soil Growing Alfalfa, Corn, Fruits and Vegetables in Abundance. The Hondo project provides for the diversion and storage of the flood waters from Hondo River, a tributary of the Pecos, to irrigate 10,000 acres of land in Chaves County, near Roswell. The lands are all in private ownership, but ex- cess holdings may be purchased at reasonable prices. The general elevation is 3,750 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from to 100 degrees above zero. The soil is a fertile alluvium and requires 2V2 acre-feet of water per acre per annum. Alfalfa, corn, fruits and vege- tables produce abundantly when properly wa- tered. The Santa Fe Railway furnishes trans- portation facilities. The watershed area is 1,037 square miles, the average annual rainfall on watershed is 17 inches, and the estimated annual run-off is 40.000 acre- feet. NEW MEXICO -TEXAS RIO GRANDE PROJECT. Reservoir 190 Feet Deep at Lower End — Dam 265 Feet High, 45 Miles Long, With Storage Capacity of 2,538,000 Acre-Feet. This project contemplates the reclamation of 185,000 acres of land, 110,000 of which are in New Mexico, 45.000 in Texas, and 25,000 in Mexico, which are provided for by the Treaty proclaimed January 16, 1907. Connects With Old Canal. The Leasburg dam for the first unit of the Rio Grande project is completed, diverting water for 25.000 acres in Mesilla Valley. It is of concrete, 600 feet long, with sluice and head gates. From the diversion dam six miles of canal were con- structed to connect with the old I.as Cruces Canal. Reservoir 45 Miles Long. The Engle dam, which is planned to be con- structed across the Rio Grande, opposite Engle. will be rubble concrete gravity type, 265 feet high, 1,480 feet long on top, and will create a reservoir 190 feet deep at its lower end and 45 miles long with a storage capacity of 2,538,000 acre-feet. Work is being prosecuted rapidl.\'. The valley has good railroad facilties and con- tains many thriving towns, of which El Paso. Texas, is the metropolis. Requires 2^2 Feet Water. The general elevation is 3,700 feet above sea level and the temperature ranges from zero to 100 degrees above. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 9.5 inches. Tlie soil is a fertile alluvium, requiring 214 acre-feet of water per acre per annum. It produces abundant crops when sufficient water is applied, the principal products being alfalfa, corn, fruit, vegetables and melons. Watershed 37,000 Square Miles. The watershed area is 37,000 square miles; the average annual rainfall on watershed is un- known, but the estimated annual run-off is 800,- 000 acre-feet. 75 Opportunities Given on Irrigated Lands in North Dakota. NORTH DAKOTA PUMPING PROJECTS. Pumps Run by Power Obtained From Lignite Coal — Pumps on Floating Barges. The Government has two pumping projects In western North Dakota which raise water from the Missouri River to irrigate bench lands which cannot he reached by feasible gravity systems. Williston Project— The initial unit of this proj- ect includes about 8,000 acres of bench and valley lands surrounding Williston, but the sys- tem may be enlarged to cover 12,000 acres. The general elevation is 1,875 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 45 degrees be- low to 107 degrees above zero. The soil of the bottom lands is a heavy clay, but the bench lands are a rich, sandy loam, requiring 2 acre-feet of water per acre per annum. The principal crops grown are wheat, flax and oats. The supply of oats is always far short of the demand. For Winter Feed. Alfalfa is profitable grown for winter feed, and sugar beets are likely to become an important crop. Small fruits do well and dairy farms and market gardens are needed. The State experi- ment farm, near Williston. is of assistance in demonstrating the value and methods of irriga- tion to the farmers. Government Townsite. The main line of the Great Northern Railroad passes through Williston, which is the distribut- ing point for a large area north and south of it. Land has been reserved for a Government town- site about eight miles north of Williston. A daily rui'al delivery is maintained over the proj- ect. The building charge on this project has been fixed at $38.00 per acre of irrigable land, payable in not more than ten annual installments, each not less than $3.80 per acre. An additional an- nual charge of 70 cents per acre is also required for operation and maintenance, and 50 cents per acre-foot of water actually pumped and deliv- ered for irrigation in any one year. The first installment of $4.50 per acre is due and payable at the time of filing water right application. Power From Lignite Coal. The engineering features are unique. On ac- count of the low fall of the river gravity canals were not feasible, and pumping was resorted to with power generated with lignite coal, vast de- posits of which are found in this vicinity, on Government land. The power plant is located near one of the coal outcrops, the fuel being mined and delivered by gravity to the boilers. The power is converted to electricity and trans- mitted to the various pumping stations, some of which are 28 miles distant. On account of the un- stable character of the river banks the pumps have been placed on floating barges connected to the shore by flexible pipes. The water is pumped to settling basins from which canals carry it over the lands. Power Distributed 28 Miles. Buford -Trenton Project — This project em- braces about 12.500 acres of bench and bottom lands bordering the north bank of the Missouri River for about twenty miles east of the Mon- tana-North Dakota State line, and lying along the Great Northern Railroad. Power for the pumps on this project is developed at the main power station at Williston, and is transmitted electrically over a transmission line 28 miles long. Required to Sell. The climate and crop conditions are practically the same as those at Williston. Practically all the land is in private ownership, but farmers owning more than 160 acres are required to sell their excess holdings, and farms can be bought at from $15.00 to $25.00 per acre. Grazing Land Included. The farm unit for public lands is from 40 to 80 acres of irrigable land, depending upon loca- tion, and wherever practicable a tract of grazing land has been included in the farm unit bringing the total up to 120 or 160 acres. The building, operation and maintenance charge and charge for water actually pumped are the same as under the Williston project. OREGON UMATILLA PROJECT. Climatic Conditions Favorable for Early Ripening and Marketing of Small Fruits — Bees Very Profitable. The Umatilla project is located 190 miles east of i 15,000 acres principally in private ownership. Portland, Oregon, in Umatilla County, and con- tains about 25,000 acres of irrigable land border- ing upon Columbia River immediately east of Umatilla River. Water is now available for Some excellent homesteads, however, yet remain open to entry. Lands may be purchased from settlers having holdings in excess of 160 acres. In the spring of 1911 the fourth unit of about 76 ii Oregon and California Irrigated Lands. 5,000 acres with a large number of good home- steads was opened to entry. The farm unit on public lands is limited to 10 or 20 acres. Building Charges. The total building charge is $60 per acre, and the annual operation and maintenance at present is $1.30 per acre. The building cliarge may be paid in not more tlian ten annual payments, each not less than $6 per acre. With all new entries, or water right applications, payment must be made of all accumulated charges. Very Fine Honey Produced. The land to be irrigated all lies below an ele- vation of 600 feet above sea level. Climatic con- ditions are extremely favorable for the early ripening and marketing of small fruits, for which the soil is especially suited, as well as for the raising of all kinds of deciduous fruits. Alfalfa is profitably grown, but the land is too valuable for pasture crops. Hogs and poultry raising pay well, and bee colonies are very profitable, the honey being exceptionally fine. Not only is the land fertile in a high degree, and the climate such as will permit of the raising of high-priced crops, but the transportation facilities are of the best. In addition to the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company's line, which skirts the western end of the project, and the Spokane branch, running through the northern portion, there will be available the Columbia River, which, as soon as the Celilo Locks, now under con- struction, are completed, will afford open naviga- tion to Portland and Astoria. The Northern Pa- cific has built a line of railroad from Pasco to Portland, on the north bank of the Columbia. Watershed 1,610 Square Miles. The watershed area is 1,610 square miles, the average rainfall on watershed 20 inches, and the estimated annual run-off 530,000 acre-feet. The average annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 9 inches. Distributing Canals 133 Miles. The engineering works include a storage reser- voir having a capacity of 50.000 acre-feet, which is supplied with water by an inlet canal from the Umatilla River. There are 133 miles of dis- tributing canals. A by-pass canal has been con- structed through which water may be turned from the inlet canal directly into the distributing system without passing through the reservoir. Opportunities for Business. There are good opportunities for merchants, mechanics and professional men in the towns of Hermiston, Umatilla and Echo, which are grow- ing rapidly. OREGON-CALIFORNIA KLAMATH PROJECT. To Be Reclaimed, 127,000 Acres, Improving Lake and Swamp Bottoms. The Klamath project contemplates the reclama- tion of 127,000 acres of land situated in Klamath County, Oregon, and Modoc and Siskiyou coun- ties, California. The plans involve, in addition to the irrigation of the valley lands, the reclamation by drainage and future irrigation of a portion of the Lower Klamath and Tule Lakes, lands which are now either swamp or lake bottoms. Prac- tically all the uplands, which include the greater part of the project, are held in private owner- ship, much being in large holdings which, under the terms of the Reclamation Act, must be sub- divided into tracts of not to exceed 160 acres, as this is the maximum area for which water can be furnished to individual owners. The public lands under the project, which include a large portion of the lake and swamp areas, are at present withdrawn from entry. When these are restored to entry homesteaders may file appli- cations for available lands. Potatoes an Important Crop. The general elevation of the irrigable area is 4,100 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 5 degrees below zero to 100 degrees above. The soil is exceedingly fertile, being de- composed basalt with rich deposits on the lake bottoms. The duty of water is 1.8 acre-feet per acre per annum. The principal crops grown are alfalfa, wheat, oats, barley, rye, vegetables, and some deciduous fruits. Potatoes are an impor- tant crop, the yield and quality being excellent. The climate is especially adapted to dairying and stock raising and forage crops grow to per- fection. The principal town is Klamath Falls, located on Link River, and having about 2,500 inhab- itants. Other towns in the valley are Merrill, situated near Tule Lake, Bonanza, on Lost River, within the so-called Upper Project, and several villages. The California and Northeastern Rail- way, a branch of the Southern Pacific road, 'is now built through the project, and affords trans- portation for the farm products to Portland, San Francisco and other coast markets. Watershed 3,700 Square Miles. The entire watershed area is 3,700 square miles, and the estimated run-off, 1,700,000 acre-feet. The annual average rainfall on the watershed area is 20 inches, but the rainfall on the irrigable area is only 15 inches. Maintenance 75 Cents Per Acre. The building charge for the first unit of this project has been fixed at $30 per acre of irrigable land, and the operation and maintenance charge at present is 75 cents per acre each year. Ail installments for building and operation and main- tenance, each $3.75 per acre, then due, must be paid at the time of making water right appli- cation. 77 m\ Opportunities in South Dakota and Utah Irrigated Land. SOUTH DAKOTA BELLE FOURCHE PROJECT. Reclamation of 102,000 Acres Contemplated — Little North of the Black Hills. When completed this project will reclaim about 102,000 acres of land lying north and northeast of the Black Hills, in Butte and Meade counties, South Dakota. Only part of this land has been filed on. Water is now available for about 47,- 000 acres. There is a large amount of land in private ownership which, on account of the limit of the individual water supply to 160 acres, is offered for sale at from $20 to $30 per acre, de- pending upon improvements and location. The farm unit on public lands is 80 acres, except with- in two miles of townsites, where it is 40 acres. Settlers are required to pay a building charge of $30 per acre, and an annual charge of 40 cents to 60 cents per acre for operation and maintenance. Excellent Market In Black Hills. The average elevation is 2,800 feet above sea level. The climate is delightful, with little snow in winter, the temperature ranging from 20 de- grees below to 95 degrees above zero. As in other parts of the arid region, the sensible tem- perature does not vary so much, owing to the dryness of the atmosphere. The soil is about equally divided between clay loam and sandy loam, exceedingly fertile and free from excessive alkali. Fruits, such as apples, cherries, plums. and small fruits, do well, especially on the higher portions of the project near the bluffs, and po- tatoes can be raised on the south side of the river, where the soil is more sandy. The main crop, however, is alfalfa and native hay, which is in great demand for winter feed, the great number of cattle and sheep summer pastured on the open range surrounding the project creating a constant demand for alfalfa. All the fruits and vegetables that can be raised on the project can be sold at the mining camps in the Black Hills. The Chicago & Northwestern Railroad passes through the town of Belle Fourche, which is one of the largest live stock shipping points in the United States. This road has also buiit a line through the center of the project on which the new towns of Fruitdale, Nisland, and Newell are rapidly coming to the front. Reservoir Makes Largest Lake in the State. The engineering work on this project involves the consti'uction of one of the largest earth em- bankments in the country, which is being built in a depression between two hills, and is now nearly finished. It will be 115 feet high, 20 feet wide on top, and more than a mile long. The reservoir tlius created will be filled with water by an^ inlet canal from the Belle Fourche River and will be the largest lake in the State. The reservoir is being used for the storage of sufficient water for 50,000 acres during the season of 1910. The watershed area is 4,300 square miles, the average annual rainfall on watershed 20 to 30 inches, and the estimated annual run-off 400,000 acre-feet. UTAH STRAWBERRY VALLEY PROJECT. Water Carried Through Mountains by Tunnel Four Miles Long. This project provides for the irrigation of about 60,000 acres of land in Utah and Wasatch coun- ties, on the eastern shore of Utah Lake. The water supply will be obtained from a storage reservoir wliich is being built in Strawberry Valley, about 30 miles east of the irrigable area. By means of a tunnel four miles long the stored waters will be carried through tlie mountains and emptied into Spanish Fork, from which a canal IS to 20 miles long will convey them to the irrigable area. Power created from the high line canal is now transmitted electrically to the tunnel for drilling and later will be utilized to pump water to lands above the gravity system, and for drainage of low-lying lands. The lands have an elevation of about 4,600 feet and the temperature ranges from 10 degrees below to 95 degrees above zero. The soil is a sandy loam and gravel, with a deep black soil in the bottom lands, and is exceedingly fertile. Alfalfa, hay, cereals, sugar beets, fruits and vegetables are grown. Settlers are getting ready to plant orchards as soon as water is available. The lands are all in private ownership and ex- isting canals are being enlarged to form part of the Government system. It is possible to pur- chase lands at reasonable prices from present owners. Artesian Water. The watershed area is 200 square miles, the annual rainfall on watershed 45 inches, and the estimated annual run-off 125,000 acre-feet. This valley has one of the finest domestic water sup- plies in the West, artesian water being found at no great depth. 78 Fruit Raising on the Irrigated Lands of Washington. WASHINGTON OKANOGAN PROJECT. In Twenty Years of History Never a Failure of Fruit Crop From Frost. This project is designed to supply water to 10.000 acres of land in Okanogan County, Wash- ington. The soil is volcanic ash, sand and gravel, and is very fertile. Grain, hay, fruit, nuts and vegetables are grown, but the principal crop is apples. The elevation of the land is about 1,000 feet above sea level. Never a Failure of Fruits. The temperature ranges from 10 degrees below to 105 degrees above zero. In the history of twenty years of fruit growing in the valley frost has never injured the crops, and there has never been a failure with apples, peaches, plums, prunes, apricots, pears, cherries, nectarines, grapes or any variety of small berries grown there. Excess Lands for Sale. On account of the possibilities of high develop- ment in this section the farm imit has been fixed at 40 acres. The building charge is $65 per acre of irrigable land, and the operation and maintenance charge at present amounts to $1.50 per acre per annum. The lands are all entered, but excess holdings may be purchased at fi-om $150 to $300 per acre. Dam 60 Feet High, 1,000 Feet Long. One of the interesting engineering features is a storage dam 60 feet high and 1,000 feet long, which has been built by the hydraulic fill process. A railroad connecting with the Great Nortiiern at Oroville is being built down the valley of the Okanogan to the Columbia River. This will give the project excellent transportation facilities. Watershed 150 Square Miles. The watershed area is 150 square miles, the average annual rainfall on watershed 17 inches and the estimated annual run-off 30.000 acre-feet. The annual rainfall on the irrigable area is 8 inches. WASHINGTON YAKIMA PROJECT. To Store Water for 460,000 Acres — Lands Valued at $300 to $1,000 per Acre for Fruit Raising, On the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains, in Washington, is a succession of valleys in the drainage of the Yakima River. It is estimated that with storage the water supply is sufficient for about 460,000 acres of land. Storage is being provided by erecting dams at the outlets of sev- eral mountain lakes, the capacity of which when ultimately developed, will total 930,000 acre-feet. The development of a comprehensive system of irrigation in Yakima Valley will be accomplished by the successive construction of several units of a general project, the work being gradually extended to embrace the entire irrigable area. Lands Worth From $300 to $1,000 Per Acre. Teton Unit — The lands under this unit are in Yakima County, near the city of North Yakima. The engineering features are difficult and ex- pensive. For 12 m.iles the main canal is ex- cavated along the steep sides of the Teton Can- yon, and in five places the canyon walls are tunneled, the total length of the tunnels being more than two miles. The lands to be irrigated are rolling, and the distriVjution system will also be expensive. . In order to replace in the Naches River the water needed to supply prior appro- priations, it was necessary for the Government to construct storage works at Bumping Lake, Wash., on the headwaters of that stream. The lands, embracing somewhat over .?5.000 acres, are nearly all in private ownership, and the land- owners are confident that the results will justify the expenditures, as the lands in the vicinity. not more favorably situated for fruit raising, range in value from $300 to $1,000 per acre. The elevation is from 1,300 to 2,100 feet above sea level and the temperature ranges from 21 below zero to 102 degrees above. The soil is a volcanic ash, exceedingly fertile, and although a great variety of crops could be grown the lands are so valuable that it is probable the principal crops will be fruit and hops. The lands are tributarj' to the Northern Pacific Railway which has North Y'akima for its nearest station to the unit. Flood water is being delivered on a rental basis to about 2.000 acres and additional areas will be irrigated in 1911. The cost of water right has not yet been determined. Sunnyside Unit — The first unit of this system is now available for 11,590 acres of land in addi- tion to the 40,000 acres under the old canal. The cost of water right is $52 per acre, payable in not more than ten annual installments, and the operation and maintenance charge at present is 95 cents per acre of irrigable land. Work on the system consists of the enlargement and extension of the existing Sunnyside Canal, which was pur- chased by the Government. The extension of this system will cover more than 50.000 acres of new land. The project lies in Yakima and Benton counties, and embraces the towns of Parker, Zillah, Outlook, Sunnyside, Granger, Grandview, Belma. Mabton and Prosser. Tlie average elevation is 700 feet above sea level and the temperature ranges from 21 below zero to 110 degrees above. 79 ^1 Attractions of Wyoming on the Irrigated Lands. Three Feet of Water. The so'l is deep volcanic asli and gravel, and requires three acre-feet of water per acre per annum. Tlie farm unit is 40 and 80 acres of irrigable land. Forage, hops, vegetables and fruits are grown. The orchards of Yakima Valley are famous for their yields of fine fruits. Notice Given of Opening. Wapato Unit— The irrigable lands under this unit are in the Yakima Indian Reservation. There are about 116,000 acres susceptible of irrigation, 15,000 acres of which are now receiving water during high water periods through canal systems constructed by the Indians. The soil and trans portation facilities are excellent. For the recla- mation of these lands, the plans provide for the enlargement of the old and new reservation canals which were built with triba! funds, the building of other canals and laterals, and the storage of over 200,000 acre-feet of water in Yakima lakes. Due notice of a formal opening wil! be made by the Secretary of the Interior through the public press. In Market Later. Kittitas Unit — This unit contemplates the irri- gation of land in the vicinity of Ellensburg. A canal 90 miles long will bring water from the Yakima River just above Easton. The growing season is somewhat shorter here than in the lower valleys, but the lands are well adapted to diversified farming. This is the dairying sec- tion of eastern Washington and the soil and cli- mate are favorable for the growing of cer:;als, timothy, vegetables and winter apple.?. Construc- tion work has not begun on this unit. West Bank Columbia River. Benton Unit — The lands under this project lie on the west bank of the Columbia River, from Kennewick to Priest Rapids. Work has not yet commenced on this unit. WYOMING SHOSHONE PROJECT. Has Highest Dam in the World — Elevation From Bed Rock, 328.4 Feet. The project involves the construction of an impounding dam at the head of the canyon of the Shoshone River in northern Wyoming and the diversion of the waters for the irrigation of about 155,000 acres of land. This dam, the high- est in the world, was completed in the winter of 1909-1910. Fifteen thousand acres were opened to entry in 1908 and a similar area was opened May 22, 1909, and so rapidly have these lands been taken up that work is now being pushed on the third unit of a similar area. Climate Very Delightful. The elevation is about 4,500 feet above sea level, and the temperature ranges from 20 be- low to 95 degrees above zero. The climate is dry and delightful and the soil of light, sandy and clay loams, produces abundantly when water is applied. Alfalfa, hay, wheat, oats, barley and vegetables can be grown; also potatoes, sugar beets and fruits. Large numbers of cattle and sheep are pastured on the surrounding ranges during the greater part of the year, but require feeding in the winter months, so that there is always a good home market for hay. Hog and poultry raising are also very profitable. Annual Maintenance $1 Per Acre. The farm unit varies from 40 to 80 acres of irrigable land. The building charge is $46.00 per acre of irrigable land, payable in ten annual installments. The annual maintenance and op- eration charge at present is $1.00 per acre, one- tenth of the building charge and one year's main- tenance charge, or $5.60 per acre, are due at _ the time of filing. All new entries must be ac- companied by payment of the charges, for op- eration and maintenance which have accumulated since 1909. The tract is traversed by the Chicago. Bur- lington and Quincy Railroad, and has good trans- portation facilities to the big markets of the Mississippi Valley. Denver, and the Pacific Coast. Watershed 1,380 Square Miles. The watershed area is 1,380 square miles, the average annual rainfall on watershed 15 inches, and the estimated annual run-off is 1,000,000 acre-feet. The rainfall on the irrigable area is from 6 to 10 inches. Highest Dam Known. Considerable interest attaches to the engineer- ing work on this project, as the Shoshone dam is the highest structure of its kind in the world. It is 328.4 feet hi^h from bed rock to top of parapet walls, 108 feet thick on the bottom and only 200 feet long on top. The reservoir created by it has an area of 6,600 acres and a capacity of 456,000 acre-feet. The diversion dam, which turns the waters of the river through a tunnel 3 1-3 miles long into the main canal, is a rein- forced concrete masonry structure 18 feet high and 400 feet long. Several Flourishing Towns. Four flourishing towns, Cody, Garland, Powell and Ralston, are located on the project. They contain schools, churches, banks, newspapers, manufacturing establishments, hotels, stores, etc., and offer opportunities for professional and busi- ness men and artisans. Timber and Coal. The surrounding mountains are covered with spruce and fir and supply the farmers with timber and the stockmen with summer range. Coal mines located in the vicinity supply cheap fuel for domestic and manufacturing purposes. Well water of good quality is found at depths varying from 30 to 50 feet. 80 Conditions Under Which Settler Can Get Irrigated Land. REGULATIONS RELATING TO METHODS BY WHICH HOMESTEAD MAY BE OBTAINED ON RECLAIMED LAND. Homestead Entries. K ^\, ^" what way can public land be takpn under the Reclamation Act? ■ ^- The only way in which land can be taken IS under the terms of the liomestead law; ^4iich requn^es actual residence and cultivation. R lo^' *• / }^''^^ "P ^ homestead under the Reclamation Act and obtain title when I am earning- a -living in a nearby city n,rt' ^^'°.^ cannot obtain a homestead unless you In e on the land and make it your home Oc- casional absence is allowable, if some good reason a homestead ''°" ^^"'^°<^ 'i^'*^ elsewhere and claim 3 Q. Is it necessary for me to live on the land more than once in six months? • ■ ^ E^' ?ctual and continuous residence is re- on'7hP ^IJ^^' r^" '""^^ establish your home ?equirld. ^'^^''^ ^^^ ^^® ^"" term 4. a Must I move onto the land at once'' r,-,ni;,-r,I°V^^''® ^^\^^ ^'^ months from the time of making your entry to establish residence and livw nn%h'i^ °^ '^':i* ""^^ y°" "^"«t be actutll? living on the ground. «h«r,tS' Jff," ^"fficieiit to erect an ordinary claim shanty, with one door and window '^ ^^^A^-"^^'- .*be claim shinty and nominal resi- dence which may have sufficed under some con- ditions will not be sufficient on the irrigable land. An actual home, where you sleep and take ^.'^r/" n?^^'^ habitually and the cultlvatfon of a Pai-t of your claim, will be required part of it?" ^ ^"^^^ ^^^ ^"^""^^ ^"'^ ^^^^ ^®" °^ r.A- J°" ,^.^'i obtain title only to a certain piece of land, which may be from 10 to 160 acres and you can not convey any title to this or to any portion of It until final certificate has issued lo your entry. Under certain conditions you ma v relinquish or give up a portion of it, and in th?at event some other person can make a new home- stead entry, but you cannot transfer to him any rights or privileges, and he must begin his term of ^residence as required in the case of a new available ?^^"^^ ^ ""'^ °" ^^® '^""^ '^ ^^^^^ is not A. Yes; after you make your homestead entrv you must comply with the terms of the home- o lack'^'^of waVr'^'^f^^'V ^« accepted ^becaus'e „.^J ■ °^ water, if lands are entered before Pel4on maUh^J tV'^'^ f ^ P'-esumption that the pel son making the entry does it for sneculative purposes rather than for an actual home the project? '^ ^'■^^ °^ *''® ^'^"^ ""it °" i^' ^"^T^r'l""^''®'^ '^"^ sixty acres. J. y. When can I ascertain the limit for which water may be obtained under a projecf <:;«.;^to '^^'*-S?,''^i'^" 4 of the Reclamation Act the SecTetary ot the Interior will give public notice of the lands irrigable and limit of area per entrv^ which hm t shall represent the acreafe wh ch' abll^?eo'nirJT f°r V/^ »^^retary. may he reason: thp iI^H ^^' tor the support of a familv upon Shen ?h,H4S ?,"'^stion." This notice is usuaHy wh,>h t oJ''^ -t'": season preceding that during which water is to be furnished. ^ Which T Pn^P^.'^l assurance is there that the land \ V ^'"er will be irrigated? Will' be 'irHtnJlf ^ "■? assurance that the land given Tf i?nn i t""t' public notice has been nodce von ^?,«l.-!"*^'■ '" advance of the public J ouce, jou make a .=pecu ative entrv whoiiv nt gCard°That't-.?"^ ^V^^.^t an/ glaV^nty o?"s^f|'. guard that water will be supplied and with a llTeTI'^'r%tr''''' '''^' •^°' ma>?^"!te"1'iu? a' ThronS^ 7/" thp -lotice be given? A. ifirough the punlic press. When the sarv h5 r o*^ entries to the farm units is neces- ^.%\l '•h^./^^Sister and receiver of the local land office will give notice by posting in the loc land ofhce, by publication, and by mailing specia notice by registered mail to ev-ery erfon^ who may have made entry to the farm unit 1-. y. It a homestead entry is made before the isstiance of the public notice as to the arel 01 the tarm unit, will the entryman be perS ted to prove up as to the entire tracf> p""''""- A. iNio When the farm unit is established notice will be sent to the various en trymen in- forming them of the fact, and that they wfll Le lequired to cut down their holdings to the 1 mit decided upon by the Secretary of the Interior as fui^'''%''u to'' the support of a family, and g°vin| them the option of selecting such part of th? land as they, may prefer Ind amending their entries accordingly; or in case they fafi to make such selection, the United States will make U f m them and cancel the remainder of the entA 13 Q. Where the entryman is in default as to the payment of any annual installment wtu againsrr?' '™^"' ''^"^^^ "'^ ^^"'^ ^t t^lchaYge ligation °"and^o^",""'" 5?'^''^® i^ °ot a rental ob- o^i K • i^"*^^a succeeding entrvman takes the and burdened with whatever charges may ha v I been duly levied against it and not paid or c^s charged by his predecessor. ^ °'^ 14. Q. What is the effect of a relinquishment °t an entry made under the Reclamation A^t? A. The cancellation of an entry, whether bv relinquishment or otherwise, carries w th it the lZT.''7 ^^ ^" ^'^i"^ to the water right When the land is re-entered the water ri|ht that i" appurtenant to the land inures to the second entryman who is obliged to pay all charges then Ts "Vtv'^^^''^ apportioned againsftL'tric to. Q. What are farm unit plats? ,^arm unit plats are township nlats an- Ui^'s^h^^ -^^^ Secretary of the imerfor.^showhfg ects and \'hl°" °^ ^""'"'^ /'"'3^'- i-eclamation prof- cont'ained in .^T^^'" °^ ^^^^s of irrigable land contained in each farm unit or separate tract r.n!^"nffi*^ '^"'^.i 'Tbey will be on fill'^^t the loca Se"rvicf''|fter"'lh'^i ^^^ offices of the RecfamaUon P^'^^n^ C'^« ^-'-atL^lcl!^^ '"'"° "°^'^^ the land •> '^ """^^ ^'^ter will be furnished for fhe^^Tn';'^'^-'^ ^°'"- ^^fb project when the Secretary of 4 of^?he act.^''"'"' ""^ ''"^"*^ "°tice under stcUon Desert- Land Entries. on de.sert-land entries be exSed^' ^^^""^ vi^ons n*f' thf r"^7 becomes subject to the pro- payments! etc. ^^^'^'"^tion Act as to resldeLe. About Units. Units differ in size. On very favorable iTnd It may be ten and twenty acres."^ On other linds To show what these irrigated nroiect^; nrp givf "the'RlcIamlft,-r"°"^ facts aboT\"h'em, "we dice much of fhi°rf"'''P herewith and repro- lui^e mucn ot the literature emp oved hv thp government in describing ,ach one ' 81 KANSAS STATE AND THE 103 COUNTIES OF KANSAS With Their Boundaries f I 2 8 9 ! 10 ill '^^J.^i.^^'',^^^t| 47 ,48 ,49 IsO ' 51 'J^^ M --'--■— ^--^--167^ r—- t-V-i i 55 '60 i 61 ' i58 r "">-•— .-•• 52 I 1 53 ' ' ^^ , ^' ^-^ 72 Its [97 i 98 i 9^5^ 1 i65r^^=— ^ i «^ ! i^BAiWllCHITA , \ ^ ^ 77 1 78 179 L-iiO_ J 81 "" "" ^^^ ' ^ '^ s~- 66 ;- )8 |69 85 '86 187 ■ 88 i89 1 : , .i.. . L L_ u^lJ 83 U^i\j..-:_f3"5-^^00|l01Ji03 ^eoTT ~ _-.L 90 I 91 I 92 I 93 94 ! 96 103 104 105 A^ Ao. LOCATION AND POPl'LATION OF KANSAS COUNTIES Location and I'opiilation of KANSAS COUNTIES I-o- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tlon 1910 1... .. Cheyenne. . 4.248 2... Rawlins. . 6,380 3... . . .. Decatur. . 8.976 4... Norton . .11,614 5... Phillips. .14.150 6 Smith 15,365 7... Jew. 11. .18,148 8... . . . Republic. .17,447 9. .. WashinRton . .20.229 10... ... Marshall. .23,880 11... .... Nemaha . .19.072 12... Brown . .21,314 13... . . Doniphan. .14,422 14. .. . . . Sherman . . 4,549 15. .. .... Thomas. . 5,455 16.. ... Sheridan. . 5,654 17... .... Graham . . 8,700 18.. Rooks. . 1 1 ,282 19.. . . .. Osboine. .12,827 20.. Mitchell. .14.08!: Li'ca. County Pop. 21 Cloud. 22 Clay. 23 Riley. 24. Pottawatomie. 2.5 Jackson . 26 Atchison. 27 Wallace. 28 Logan . 29 Gove. .SO Trego. 31 Ellis. 32 Russell. 33 I^incoln. 34 Ellsworth. 35 Ottawa. .36 Saline. 37 Dickinson . 38 Geary. 39 Morris. 40 Wabunsee. 41 Shawnee. 42 .Jefferson . 43.. T>eavenworth . 44. . . . Wyandotte. 45 Douglas. 46 .Johnson . 47 Greelev. 4H Wichita. 4!» Scott. .18,388 .15,251 .15,783 .17. .52 2 .16,861 .28,107 . 2,759 . 4,240 . 6,044 . 5,398 .12,170 .10,800 .10.142 .10,444 .11,811 .20,338 .21.361 .12,681 .12,397 .12.721 .61.874 .15.826 .41,207 100.068 .21.724 .18.288 . 1.335 .16,060 . 3,047 Loca. County Pop. 50 Ijane. 51 Ness. 52 Rush . 53 Barton . 54 Rice. 55.... MePherson. 56 Marion. 57 Chase. 58 I.,yon . 59 Osage. 60 Franklin. 61 Miami. 62 Hamilton. 63 Kearney . 64 Finney . 65 Gray. 66.... Hodgeman. 67 Pawnee. 68 Edwards. 69 Stafford. 70 Reno. 71 Harvey . 72 Butler. 73.... Greenwood. 74 Coffey. 75 Anderson. 76 I..inn. 77 Stanton. 78 Grant. . 2,603 . 5,883 . 7.826 .17,846 .15,106 .21,521 .22,415 . 7,527 .24,927 . 19,903 .20,884 .20,030 . 3,360 . 3,206 . 6,908 . 3,121 . 2.930 . 8,859 . 7.033 .12,510 37,853 19.200 23.0.59 16.060 .15,205 . 1 3.829 .14,735 . 1,034 . 1,087 Loca. County Pop. 79 Haskell. 80 Ford. 81 Kiowa. 82 Pratt. 83 Kingman. 84 Sedgwick. 8.5. , Morton . 86 Stevens. 87 Seward . 88 Meade. 89 Clark. 90... J. Comanche. 91 Barber. 92 Harper. 93 Summer. 94 Crowley. 95 Elk. 96... Chautauqua. 97. ... J. Woodson. 98 Allen. 99 Bourbon . 100 Wilson. 101 Neosho. 102 Crawford. 103.. Montgomery. 104 I^abette. 105. ,. .. Cherokee. 993 .11,393 . 6,174 .11,156 .13,386 . 73,095 . .1.333 . .2,453 . .4,091 ..5,055 ..4,093 ..3,281 ..9,916 .14,784 .30,654 .31,790 .10,128 .11,420 . .9.450 .27.640 .24.007 .19,810 .23,754 .51,178 .49,474 .31,423 .38,162 Total 1,690.949 Kansas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. *.Abilene 37... 4,118 Admire .58. . . . 205 Loi-a. Pop. .\ gra . Alden Allen . .5. .54. . 347 . 255 . . 286 Loca. Pop. Allendale 98. . . . 260 *Alma 40. . . 1,010 Almena 4. . . . 702 Loca. Pop. Altamont . •Mta Vista. Alton .104 606 . .40 499 .19 414 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; .Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County ^\ here Town is I>ocated : Third Column, Population of 1910. L,oca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Mc;ins Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates Countv Seat 82 Kansas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Tuwiis. Loca. Pop. .100. . .84. A 1 toon a . Andale . , * Anthony 92. Arcadia 103. Argonia 93. Arkansas City. 94. Arlington 70. Arma 103. Arrington 36. *Asliland 89. Assaria 36. *Atchison 36. Atlanta 94. Attica 93. *Atwood 3. Augusta 73. Aurora 31. Axtell 10. Badger 105. Baldwin Barnard Barnes . Bartlett Basehor ..45. .33. . .9. .104. .43. Bassett 98. Baxter Spgs..l05. ,10. ..93. 8. . ..20. . . .68. .24. .76. .10. .93. Beattie Belle Plaine. *Belleville . . *Beloit .... Belpre Benedict 100. Bennington ...35. Benton 72. Bern 11. Beverly 33. Bison Blaine Blue Mound. Blue Rapids. Bluft City... Bonner Springs.44. Brewster 15. Bronson 99. Brookville ... .36. Bucklin 80. Buffalo 100. Buffville 100. Buhler 70'. Bunkerhill ....32. Burden 94. Burlingame . . .59. •Burlington . . .74. Burns 56. Burr Oak 7. Burrton 71 . Bushton 54, Caldwell 93 Cambridge ... .94 Caney 103 Canton ....... .64. Carbondale . . .59 Carlisle 98 Carona 105 Castleton 70 Cawker Citv. . .20 Cedar Vale. . . .96 Centerville ... .76 Centralia 11 (^hanute 101 Chapman 37 Chase 54 Chautauqua . .96 Chenev 84 Cherokee 102 Cherrvvale . . .103 Chetopa 104 Chicopee 102 •Cimnrron . . . .65 Circleville ....25 Claflin 53 *Clay Center Clear Water Clifton Clinton ,.1,462 . . . 237 . .3,660 . . 694 . . 466 . 7,508 . . . 450 . . . 327 . . . 209 . . . 910 .346 .16.429 ...330 . . . 737 , . . 910 .1,235 . . . 450 , . . 748 . . 306 . 1,386 . . . 425 . . 650 . . . 249 , . . 280 . . . 415 . .1,598 . . . 750 . . . 849 ..2,224 ..3,083 . . . 485 . . . 215 . . . 386 . . . 240 . . . 306 . . . 335 . . . 350 . . . 245 . . . 596 ..1,756 . . . 307 . .1,462 . . . 590 . . . 595 . . . 280 . .1,000 . . . 807 . . . 309 . . . 250 . . . 243 . . . 424 . .1,423 ..2,180 . . . 489 ..1,132 . . . 689 . . . 223 Toictis Loca. Pop. .84 ..9 .45 Clyde 21 Coats Coffevville *Colby . . . *Coldwater Colony ... ♦Columbus Colwich ♦Concordia Conway Sprgs..93 Corning 11 82 .103 . .15 . .90 ..75 .105 . 84 21 ..2,205 . . . 225 . .3,597 . . . 684 . . . 461 . . . 250 . . . 460 . . . 290 . . . 870 . . . 948 . . . 200 . . . 665 .9,272 . . . 781 . . . 163 . . . 348 . . . 734 . .1,452 . .4,304 . .1,548 . .1.469 ... 587 ... 265 ... 559 ..3,438 ... 569 ... 614 . . . 350 . .1,057 ... 269 .12.687 . .1.130 . . . 684 . . . 530 ..3,064 ... 258 ..4,415 . .1.392 . . . 411 .8. Cortland ♦Cottonwood Falls 57.. ♦Council Grove. 39.. Courtland 8. . Coyville 100., Crestline 105. , Croweburg . . . 102 . . Cuba 8. , CuUer 35. , Cunningham . .83. , Curran villa ...103.. D Dearing Delphos Denison Denton . . . . Derby De Soto Detroit .... Devon Dexter . . . . ♦Dighton ♦Dodge City Dorrance Douglass Downs . . . . Dresden . . . Dunkirk . . . Dunlap . . . . Durham . . . Dwight . . . . .103. ..35. . . 35 . . .13. . .84. . .46. ..37. ..99. ..94. ..50. , ..80. ..33. ..72. . .19. . ..3. .102. ...39. ...56. ..39. E Earleton 101. . Easton 43. . Edgerton 46.. Edna 104. . Edwardsville ..44., Effingham ....26.. * Eldorado 77. . Elgin 96.. Elk City 103. .95, .53. .31. .34. .57. .84. .98. .13. .24. Elk Falls. Ellinwood Ellis ♦Ellsworth Elmdale . El Paso. .. Elsmore . . Elwood . . Emmet . . . ♦Emporia 58 Englevale . . . .102 Englewood ... .89 Enterprise ... .37 ♦Erie 101 Esbon 7 Esk ridge 40 Eudora 45 ♦Eureka 73 Everest 12 Ezbon 7 F . . 454 . . 899 .2,545 . . 506 . . 237 . . 287 . . 860 . . 77e . . 326 . . 395 . . 773 . . 250 . . 767 . . 290 . . 337 . . 350 . . 331 . . 310 . . 290 . . 512 . . 370 .3,214 . . 381 . . 657 .1,427 . . 209 . . 490 . . 333 . . 268 . . 298 . . 225 . . 310 . . 443 . . 489 .. 350 . . 674 .3,462 . . 400 .. 659 .. 271 . . 976 1,404 .3,041 . . 253 . . .235 . . 216 . . 686 . . 209 .9,058 . . 376 . . 518 . . 706 .1,309 .. 341 .. 797 .. 640 .2,333 436 .. 347 Toivn.-i Loca. Pop. Fairview . . . ...13. . . . 386 Fall River. . . ..73. . . . 383 Florence . . . . . .56. . .1,168 Fontana .... . .61. . . . 246 Ford . . .80. . . . 205 Formosa . . . 7. . . . 453 Fort Dodge. . . .80. . . 360 Ft. Leavenw th43. . .2. .509 Fort Riley. . . . . 38 . . . 3.508 ♦Fort Scott. .99. .10.463 Fowler .. .88. . . . 473 Frankfort . . . . .10. ..1.426 Franklin . . . .102. . . . 508 ♦Fredonia . . . .100. . .3.040 Frontenac . . . .102. . .3,396 Fuller . .102. . . . 609 Fulton .. .99. . . . 416 Galena Galva ♦Garden City Garden Plain Gardner Garfield Garland ♦Garnett .... Gas Gavlord Gem Gcneseo Geuda Springs. 93 ♦Girard 102 Glade 5 Glasco 21 Glen Elder 20 105. .35. .64. .84. .46. .67. .99. .75. .98. . .6. .15. .54. . 6.096 . . 322 .3.171 . . 296 . . 514 . . 333 . . Sir, .2.334 .1,281 . . 308 . . 250 . . 566 . . 254 .2,446 . . 206 . . 720 . . 565 Goddard .... Gof£ ♦Goodland . . Gorhain Grainfield . . . Grantville . . ♦Great Bend. Greeley Green Greenleaf . . . ♦Greensburg . Grenola Gridley Grinnell .... Gross Gypsum H Haddam . . . . , Hallowell . . . Halstead .... Hamilton . . . , Hamlin Hanover .... Harper Hartford .... Harveyville . Havana Haven Havensville . Haviland .... ♦Hays Hazelton .... Hayne Herington Herkimer . . . Herndon .... Hewins ♦Hiawa.tha . . Highland . . . ♦Hill City.. . . Hillsboro Hillsdale . . . . Hog Back. . . Hoisington . . Holliday .... ♦Holton Holyrood Home Hope Horton ♦Howard . . . . ♦Hoxie Hoyt Hudson Humboldt Hunnewell . . Huron ♦Hutchinson .84. .11. .14. . 32 . .39. .42. ...53. ..75. .81. ..95. ..74. , .29. .102. ..36. . .9. 105. .71. .73. .12. 9. 92. .58. .40. 103. .70. .24. .81. .31. .91. .87. .37. .10. . .2. .96. .12. , .13. .17. .56. .61. .31. .53. .46. . 25 . .34. .10. .37. .12. .95. .16. ..25. .69. .98 .93. .26. .70, Idana 22. ♦Independence 103 . Industry 37. Inman ♦lola Ionia Iowa Point. Irving Isabel luka .lamestown Jarbalo . . . .lennings . . ♦Jetmore . .lewell ..55. , . .98. .. .7. ..13. . .10. . .91 . ..82. . .21. .43. .. .3. .66. ,.7. 'Junction City. 38. ♦Kansas Kelly . . Kensington Kincaid ♦Kingman ♦Kingsley Kiowa . . . Kir win . . K City. . . 422 .1.993 . . 300 . . 309 . . 200 . 4,622 . . 492 . . 289 .. 854 .1,199 . . 533 . . 209 . . 200 . . 309 . . 623 . . 408 . . 350 , .1,004 . . 325 . . 208 .1,039 .1,638 . . 589 . . 331 327 , '. '. 528 .412 . . 568 , .1,961 , . . 315 .1,436 . .3,373 . . . 200 . . . 273 . . . 225 , .2,974 . . . 783 . . . 983 . .1,134 . . . 260 . . . 306 . .1.975 . . . 280 . .2,842 . . . .S6l . . . 200 . . . 567 . .3,600 . .1,163 . . . 532 . . . 350 . . . 253 . .2,548 . . . 208 . . . 360 .16.364 . . . 308 .10,480 . . . 280 . . . 484 . . 9.033 . . . 280 . . . 209 . . . 409 . . . 222 . . . 228 ... 462 . . . 200 . . . 259 . . . 317 . . . 839 . . 5,598 .83.331 . . . 260 . . . 497 . 426 . .2.570 . .\,ry4- . .1..520 . . . 607 Toun.s Labette . . . . *I>a Crosse. La Cygne. . . La Harpe. . . ♦l^akin . • • . Lancaster Lane Lnngdon . . I^nnsing •Larned . . .76. .98. .63. 26. 60. 70. 13. 67. . . 350 . . 806 . . 957 .2.760 . . 337 . . 220 . ; 300 . 890 2.911 Latham ♦Lawrence . . . ♦Leavenworth Lebanon Lebo Lecompton . . . Lehigh Lenexa Lenora Leon Leona Leonardvllle . ♦Leoti Le Roy Lewis ♦Liberal ...... Liberty ♦Lincoln Lindsborg . . . I.,inn Lin wood Little River. I^ogan Long Island. I..ongton Lost Springs. Louisburg Louisville . . . I.,owell Lucas Luray ♦Lyndon ♦Lyons M McCracken . . . McCune 103. .74. .45. .i)6. .46. . .4. .73. .13. .33. .48. .74. .68. .87. 103. .33. . . 55 . . .9. .43. .54. . ..5 . . .5. . 95 . .56. .61 . .34. 105. .32. .32. .91. .54. . . . 364 .12,374 .19,362 . . . 731 . . . 560 . . . 386 . . . 385 . . . 333 . . . 4.54 . . . 494 . . . 250 . . . 376 . . . 500 . . . 861 .1.800 . . 385 . 1 ..")08 . 1 ,!»3!) . . 490 . . 333 . . 661 . . 714 . . 291 . 1 .300 .. 276 . . 603 . . 247 . . 206 , . . 573 .341 , . . 763 ..3,071 . . . 371 30 McFarland . . .40.. . . 38H ♦McPherson . .55. . .3,.546 Macksville . . .69.. . . 626 Madison .... .73. . 721 Mahaska . . . . .9. . . . 246 Maize .84.. . . 260 Manchester . . .37.. . . 250 ♦Manhattan . . 33 . .5,733 "r 1.155 Maplehill . . . .40. Mapleton . . . .99. . 330 ♦Marion .... ..56. .1.841 Marquette .55. . . 715 ♦JIarysville . .10. .2,260 Mntfield .... .57.. . . 225 Mavetta .... .35, . . 337 Mayfield .... .93. . . 200 ♦Meade .88.. . . 664 ♦Medic'e Lodg^l . . 1 ,239 :VIelrose 105 . . . 300 Melvorn ..59. . . 505 Meriden .43. . , 467 102. . . 509 Milan .93. . . 350 Mildred .98. . . 390 Mil ford .38. . . 309 Miltonvale . . .21. . . . 839 Mineral 105. .1.170 ♦Minneapolis .35. .1.895 Mineola . . 89 . . . , 348 95 . 860 Moran .98. , . 559 Morganville . .22. . . 285 Morland .... .17. . . 337 Morrill .12. . . 398 Morrowville . .9. . . 306 ♦Mound City. .76. . . 698 Moundridge . ..55. . . 636 Mound Valley 105. . . 956 Mount Hope. .84. . . 519 M\ilherry .... .102. . . 997 Mullinvllle .. .81. . . 389 . .93. .1.084 Munden . ..8. . . 37.5 JIuscotah ... ..26. . . 491 N Narka .. .«. . . 378 Nashville ..83. . . 360 National Mill tarv Home . 43. .2. .508 Natoma . .19. .. 407 Neodesha . . . .100. .2.872 Noosho Falls. ..97. . . 571 Neosho Rapid S..58. . . 256 ♦Ness City. . . .51. Notawaka . . 25 . . . 350 New Albany. . .100. . . 313 Now Cambria . .36. ♦Newton .... ..71. 7.862 Xickerson . . . ..70. .1.195 Xiotaze ..96, . . 317 .Norratur .... , . . 3 . . . 483 •V.irlon .... .4 1.787 83 Kansas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Lora. Pi.p. Xoi-t<)n\ ilh- . .. .42. . Norwich 83. . O Oakland 41. . Oakley 28. Oak Vallty. .. .95. . •Obcrlin 3. . Og(l8. . .99. .73. . .8. .12. .15. .41. .61). .23. .12. .44. .105. . .41. ..53. . .33, iaa 378 327 250 390 . 556 . 280 . 30G . 450 , . 508 . 256 , . 325 , . 455 . . 204 . . 290 . . 282 . . 289 . . 232 . . 280 . . 4.50 . . 390 . . 360 . . 250 . . 350 . . 343 . . 492 .5,960 . . 396 . . 673 . . 200 .1,692 Tinni.: Liiia. l'oi>. Sabetha Saint Francis. Saint John . . . Saint Marys. . Saint Paul . . . . Saint Peter. . . •Salina •Santa Fe. . . . Savonburg . . . Sawyer Scammon . . . . Scandia Sclioenchen . . •Scott Scottsville . . . Scranton •Sedan Sedgewick . . . .11. . .1. .69. .24. 101. .17. .36. .79. .98. .82. 105. . .8. .31. .49. .20. .59. .96. .71 . .1,857 . . 492 .1,785 .1,397 . . 937 . . 250 .9,688 . . 280 . . 257 . . 250 .2,333 . . 579 . . 496 . . 819 . . 348 .. 770 .3,211 . . 636 Selden 16. . •Seneca 11 . . Severance }.?' Severy 73. . Sharon 91 . . •Sharon Spgs. ..27. . Shawnee 46. . Sidd 85. . Silver Lake . . .41 . . Simpson 30. . Skidmore . . . .105. . *Smith Center.. .6. . Soldier 25. , Soldiers Home. 43.. Solomon 37 . . South Haven. . .93. , South Hutchinson .70. , Spearville 80. Spivey 83. Spring Hill. . . .46. Stafford 69. Stanley 46. Sterling ..... .54. Stilwell 46. Stippville . . . .105. •Stockton 18. Stone City. . . .105. Strong 57. Summerfield . .10. Sylvan Grove.. 33. Sylvia 70. •Syracuse ... .62. Tablemound . Talmo Tampa Tescott Thayer Tipton Tonganoxie . Topeka (capital) Toronto . . . . •Troy Turner Turon Tyro .103. , . .8. . .56. . .35. .101. ..20. ..43. ..41. ..97, . .13. .44. .70. , 103 , . . 297 .1,800 , . 383 , . 608 . . 356 . . 440 . . 450 . . 350 . . 360 . . 311 . . 480 .1,450 . . 338 .4,281 . . 949 . . 483 . . 387 . . 575 . . 352 . . 605 .1,937 . . 300 .3,133 . . 360 . . 350 .1,317 . . 508 . . 763 . . 554 . . 464 . . 634 . 1.126 ..1,260 . . . 288 . . . 256 . . . 431 . . . 542 . . . 210 . .1,018 .43.684 . . . 627 . . . 940 . . . 260 . . . 572 . . . 603 Loru. Pop. Udall 94. T'niontown . . . .99. Utica 51 . 330 256 306 Valley Center. .84. , Valley Falls... 43., Vermilion 10. , Victoria 31 . Vliets 10. , W . 381 1,139 . 366 .1,500 . . 209 Wabaunsee . . . .40.. . . 260 •Wakeenev .30.. .. 883 Wakefield .... •>o . . 514 Waldo .32. . . 309 Waldron .... .92. . . 262 Walnut 102. . . 639 Walton .71. . . 357 Wamego .... .24. .1,714 •Washington ...9. .1,.547 Waterville . . . ..10. . . 704 Wathena .... .13. . . 777 Waverly .... .74. . . 751 Webber . .7. . . 309 Webster .18. . . 208 Weir 105. . 2,389 Welda . 75 . . . 250 •Wellington . .93. . 7,034 T\^ellsville . . . 60. . . 646 West Mineral 105. .1,853 •Westmoreland. 24. . . 484 Westphalia . . .75. . . 560 West Plains. . .88. . . 333 Wetmore .... .11. . . 483 Wheaton .... .24. . . 225 White City. . .39. . . 506 White Cloud. ..13. ..1.119 White Water .73. . . . 518 . . 426 •Wichita . . . .84. .53.450 Willard . .41. . . . 306 Williamsburg .60. . . . 399 Wilsey . .39. . . . 460 Wilson . .34. . . . 981 Winchester . ..43. . . . 456 •Winfleld . . . ..94. . .6,700 Woodbine . . . ..37. . . . 350 Woodruff . . . ...5. . . . 260 Woodston .18. . . . 299 Y Yale .102. . . . 809 •Yates Center. 97. Yocemento ....31. .2,024 . . 320 KANSAS I'nlitical Foment in lis Karly llihlory — Later Devastated by Drouth and Grasshoppers — I'inally Triumphs 0\er All Diftioulties and Becomes a Most Prosperous State The geographical center of the T'nited States.— A state visited by a great number of catastrophes of which the people have been victims. Kansas is the center of the United States. The exact geographical center, exclusive of Alaska, lies near Manhattan, in Riley county, Kansas, about 100 miles west of Kansas City. The width of the state is 400 miles from east to west, and in length 210 miles from north to south. Its area covers 82,0,S0 square miles, being larger than New England; twice as large as Ken- tucky, Ohio, or Indiana, and larger than New York and Indiana combined. Kansas has been more frequently mentioned in recent history than any other western state. Everything about Kansas was remarkable. Here w^as " the great American Desert, here were the vast buffalo herds, here lived the droutli stricken I)eople of other years, here was grasshopper head- (|uarters, here was the contest between the free state settlers and the pro-slavery denizens who came in from Missouri determined to make Kansas a slave state. Here Lawrence, Topeka, Ossawatomie. and other towns, were settled by people from New England, sent out bv the Massachusetts emigrant aid society to make the state politically anti-slavery. Here .John Brown, of Harper's Ferry notoriety, began his anti-slavery crusades, resulting in murder and ex- citement in IS.".", here Quantrell and a band of pro- slavery guerillas burned Lawrence and killed 185 persons in 1863. DROUTH, GRASSHOPPERS AND HARD TIMES. Here drouth, grasshoppers and hard times com- pelled great numbers of the people to mortgage their properties to eastein capitalists. For the purpose of investigating the cause of the evil con- ditions that had fallen upon Kansas, here gathered the people in every district into their school houses, and these men and women discussed free silver, gold standard, monopoly, trusts and the tariff. Here they talked and talked and acquired such practice and fluency in oral discussions as to enable great nuiTibers of men and woinen to go forth from Kan- sas highly accomplished public speakers. Here again the rains fell, the wheat and corn- fields responded in over bountiful supply, the gran- aries and barns were filled to overflowing, the mortgages were paid, the farmers opened bank accounts, the school house gatherings are no longer held, while the Kansas orators, with the tillers of the soil, aided by favoring climatic conditions, have settled down to the making of money from their exceedingly fertile soil. Great as Kansas is In area, in intellectuality of people, in stirring events of the past. In wealth of agriculture and natural resources, it seems strange not to speak of Kansas in any other way tlian in the superlative degree. 84 Kansas Described In Speech of Hon. J. J. Ingralls, rormerly I nited States Senator i loin Kansas. In "A Kansas Souvenir." Published by the Kansas Immigration and In.crmation Associali.m, «e 1 ind the lollowing: Kansas is the navel of the nation. Diagonals drawn from Dulutli to Galveston; from Washington to San Francisco; from Tallahasse to Oljnipia; from Sacramento to Augusta, intersect at its center. Kansas is the nucleus of our political system, around which its forces assemble; to which its ener- gies converge; and from which its energies radiate to the remotest circumference. Kansas is the focus of freedom, where the rays of heat and light concentrated into a flame that melted the manacles of the slave, and cauterized the heresies of state sovereignty and disunion. Kansas is the core and kernel of the country, containing tlie germs of its growth, and the quick- ening ideas essential to its perpetuity. It seems incredible that there was a time when Kansas did not exist; wlien its name was not writ- ten on the map of the United States; when tiie Kansas cyclone, tlie Kansas grasshopper, the Kansas boom, and the Kansas Utopia were unknown. I was a student in the junior class at Williams College, when President Pierce, forgotten but for that signature, approved the act establishing the Territory of Kansas. Jlay 30, 1S.j4. I recall the in- conceivable agitation that preceded, accompanied, and followed the event. It was an epoch. Destiny closed one volume of our annals, and opening an- other, traced with shadowy finger upon its pages a million epitaplis, ending with "Appomattox." Kansas was the prologue to a tragedy whose epi- logue has not yet been pronounced; the prelude to a fugue of battles whose reverberations have not yet died away. Floating one summer night upon a moonlit sea. 1 heard far over tlie still waters a high, clear voice singing: •To the West! To the West! To the land of the free, Where the mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea; Where a man is a man if he's willing to toil. And the humblest may gather the fruits of the soil." A few days later, my studies being completed, I .joined the uninterrupted and resistless column of volunteers that marched to the land of the free. St. Louis was a squalid border town, the outpost of civilization. The railroad ended at Jefferson City. Trans-con- tinental trains, with sleepers and dining cars, anni- hilating space and time, were the vague dream of a future century. Overtaking at Hermann a fragile steamer that had left her levee the day before, we embarked upon a monotonous voyage of four days along the treacherous and tortuous channel that crawled be- tween forests of Cottonwood and barren bars of tawny sand, to the frontier of the American Desert. It was the mission of the pioneer with his plough to abolish the frontier, and to subjugate the desert. One has become a boundary, and the other an oasis. But with so much acquisition, something has been lost for which there is no compensation or equiva- lent. He is unfortunate who has never felt tlie fascination of the frontier; the temptation of un- known and mysterious solitudes; the exultation of helping to built a State; of forming its institutions ancf giving direction to its career. Kansas, in ts rudimentary stage, extended west- ward six hundred and fifty-eight miles to the crest of the Rocky Mountains, the eastern boundary oi Utah. By subsequent amputation and curtailment, it was shorn to its present narrow limits of fifty-two million acres; three thousand square miles in excess of the entire area of New England. Denver, Mani- tou. Pueblo, Pike's Peak, and Cripple Creek are among the treasures which the State-makers of 1859, like the base Indian, threw unconsciously a.way, though richer than all his tribe. Thirty years ago. along the eastern margin of the grassy quadrangle which geographers called Kansas, the rude forefathers of Atchison. Leavenworth. Wyandotte. Lawrence and Topeka slept in the inter- vals of their strife with the petty tyrants of their fields, and beyond their western horizon, the rest was silence, solitude, and the wilderness, to the Rio History. Believed to have been visited by Span- iards under Vasquez de Coronado in 1541. Partly explored by Frenchmen from I-ouisiana in ISlO-'iO. .-\fter an -.xciting contest between advocates of pro-slavery and free state, a constitutional conven- tion was held at Wyandotte. Kansas, in 1S5S). and a constitution adopted prohibiting slavery. In IStil Kansas was admitted to the Union. During the civil war 20,151 men went into the service in de- fense of the Union. In various parts of the State Indian massacres occurred between 1864 and 1870 and locusts devoured the crops in 1874. Grande; to the Yellowstone; to the Sierra Xevad;i ; like the lonely steppes of Turkestan and Tartaiv; inhabited by wandering tribes, whose occupation wii.-s war; whose pastime was the chase; pastured for untold centuries by roaming herds that followed the seasons in their recurring migrations from the arctic circle to the Gulf. It has been sometimes obscurely intimated that the typical Kansan lacks in rescive, and occasion- ally exhibits a tendency to exaggeration in dwelling upon the development of the State, and the benefits and burdens of its citizenship. Censorious scoffers, actuated by envy, jealousy, malignity and other evil passions, have hinted that he unduly vaunteth himself; that he brags and bi,-- comes vainglorious; that he is given to bounce, tall talk, and magniloquence. There have not been wanting those who affirm that he magnifies his calamities as well as his blessings, and desires nothing so much as to have the name of Kansas, in any capacity, always in the ears and mouths of men. Such accusations are well calculated to make the judicious grieve. They result from a misconception of the man and his environment. The normal condition of the genuine Kansan is that of shy and sensitive diffidence. He suffers from excess of modesty. He blushes too easily. There is nothing he dislikes so much as to hear himself talk. He hides his light under a bushel. He keeps as near the tail end of the procession as possible. He never advertises. He bloweth not his own horn, and is in- different to the band wagon. He is oppressed by the vast responsibility of being an inhabitant of a commonwealth so immeasurably superior, in all the elements of present glory, in all the prophecies of future renown, to its inferior com- panions. To be a denizen of a State that surpasses all other communities, as Niagara excels all other cataracts, as the sun transcends all other luminaries, imposes obligations that render levity impossible. The every-day events of Kansas would be marvi'ls elsewhere; our platitudes would be panegyrics; the trite and commonplace arc unknown. It is impossi- ble to over-estimate the value of citizenship in a State that sent more soldiers into the Union armies than it had voters when Sumter fell; that exceeded all quotas without draft or bounty; that had the highest rate of mortality upon the field of battle. That a State so begotten and nurtured should be as indomitable in peace as it was invincible in war, was inevitable. Its gestation was heroic. It represented ideas and principles; conscience, patriotism, duty; the "unconquerable mind and freedom's lioly flame." No other State encountered such formidable obsta- cles of nature and fortune. Our disasters and catas- trophes have been monumental. Swarms of locusts eclipsing the sun in their flight, whose incredible voracity left the forests, and the orchards, and the fields of June as naked as December; drouths chang- ing the sky to brass and the earth to iron; siroccos that in a day devastated provinces and reduced thousands from comfort to penury — these and the other destructive agencies of the atmosphere have been met by a courage that no danger could daunt, and by a constancy unshaken b.v adversity. The statistics of the census tables are more elo- quent than the tropes and phrasis of the rhetorician. The story of Kansas needs no reinforcement from the imagination. Its arithmetic is more dazzling and bewildering than poetry, and the historian is com- pelled to be economical of truth and parsimonious in his recital of facts, in order not to impose too great a strain upon the capacity of human credulity. Notwithstanding the mishaps of husbandry and the fatalities of nature, it is a moderate and conservative statement that no community ever increased so rai>- idly in population, wealth and civilization, nor gained so great an aggregate in so brief a time, as the State of Kansas. There is no other State where the rewards of industry have been so ample, and the conditions of prospeiity so abundant, so stable and so secure as here. CONDENSED IMPOKTANT FACTS REL.\TIXG TO KANSA.S. Altitude. Highest at Conorado. Sherman county. 3 906 feel The decline from this to the east.'rii edge of the state is about 3,000 feet, causing the manv rivers to flow rapidly. Climate. Leavenworth, Leavenworth county, ave- rage annual temperature January 24 above; July 78 Fxtremes- 107, 29 below. Average annual rcVinfall'. 38.4 inches; at Dodge. Ford county, 19.S Dimensions. See general description of Kansas. 85 KENTUCKY STATE AND THE 119 COUNTIES OF KENTUCKY With Their Boundaries iLumm^ riff^poAf^^ LOCATION AND POPIILATION OF KENTUCKY COUNTIES Loration and rwpiilation of KENTUCKY COUNTIES lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1. ... ... Trimble. . 6.512 2. .. .... Carroll. . 8,110 3. ... . . . Gallatin. . 4,691 4. .. Boone. . 9.420 5... .... Kenton. .70,3.55 6. ... .. Campbell. .99,369 7... .. . Oldham. . 7.248 8. .. .... Henry . .17.716 9... Owen . .14,248 10.. . .... Grant. .10,581 11. . . . Pendleton. .11.985 12. .. .. Bracken. .10,308 13. ... . . Jefferson . 262.920 14. .. .... Shelby. .18,011 15. . . . . Franklin . .21.135 16. . . Scott. .16.9.56 17... . Harrison . .16,173 18. . . . Robertson . . 4,121 19. . . Mason . .18,611 20. . . .... Meade. . 7,783 21. . . . . . Hardin. .22,696 22 . . . .... Bullitt. . 9,487 23. .. .... Nelson. .16,830 24 . . . . . . Silencer. . 7,567 25 . . . . . Anderson . .10,146 Loca. County Pop. 26. . . Ford. 27. .. . Jessamine. .12,613 28.. . . . . . Fayette. .47,715 29. . . Clark. .17,987 30. .. . . . Bourbon. .17,462 31. . Nicholas .10601 32. . Montgomery. .12,868 33 . . . Bath. .13,988 34. . . . . . Fleming. .16,066 35. .. Lewis. .16,887 36. .. .. . . Greenup. .18,475 37. .. Rowan. . 9,438 38. .. Carter. .21,966 39 . . . Boyd. .23,414 40.. . Henderson. .29,3.52 41. . . . . . . Daviess. .41,020 42 . . . . . . Hancock . . 8,512 43. .. Beckinridge. .21,034 44. .. Union. . 19,886 45. .. . . . Webster. .20.974 46. .. .... McLean . .13,341 47. .. Ohio. .27.643 48. .. . . . . Grayson. . 19,958 49. .. Larue. .10,701 50. .. Washington. .13.940 51. .. Marion. .16,330 52 . . . Mercer. .14,063 53 . . . Boyle. .14.668 .54. .. . . . . Garrard. .11,894 55 . . . . . . Madison . .26,951 56. . . Estill. .12.273 57. .. Powell. . 6,268 Lora. County Pop. 58 Menifee . 59 Morgan . 60 Elliot. 61 Lawrence. 62 Johnson. 63 Martin. 64. . . . I.,ivingston. 65. . . . Crittenden. 66 Lyon. 67 Caldwell. 68 Hopkins. 69. . . Muhlenburg. 70 Butler. 71 Edmonson. 72 Hart. 73 Green. 74 Taylor. 75 Carey. 76 Lincoln. 77. . . Rock Castle. 78 Jackson. 79 Lee. 80 Owslev. 81 Wolfe. 82 Breathitt. 83 Magoffin. 84 Knott. 85 Floyd. 86 Pike. 87 Ballard. 88. .. . McCracken. 89 Carlisle. , 6,153 .16,259 , 9,814 .20,067 , 7,482 . 7,291 .10,627 .13,296 . 9,423 .14,063 .34,291 .28,598 . 15,805 . 10,469 .18,173 .11,871 .11,961 .15,479 .17,897 .14.473 .10,734 . 9.531 . 7,979 . 9,864 .17,540 .13,654 .10,791 .18,623 .31,679 .12,690 .35.064 . 9.040 Loca. County Pop. 90 Hickman. 91 Fulton. 92 Graves. 93 Marshall, 94 Calloway. 95 Trigg. 96 Christian. 97 Todd. 98 Logan. 99 Warren, 100 Simpson. 101 Allen. 102 Barren, 103 Metcalf. 104 Monroe. 105.. Cumberland. 106 Adair. 107 Russell. 108 Clinton. 109 Wayne, 110 Pulaski. Ill Laurel. 112 Clay. 113 Leslie. 114 Perry, 115 Fletcher. 116 Whitley. 117 Knox, 118 Bell, 119 Harlan .11,750 .14,114 .33,539 .15,771 .19,867 .14.539 .38,845 .16,488 .24,977 .30,579 .11,460 .14,882 .25,293 .10,453 .13,663 . 9,846 .16.503 .10,861 . 8.153 .17,518 .35,986 .19,872 .17.789 . 8,976 .11,255 ".31,982 .22,116 .28.447 . 10,566 Total .2,289,905 Kentucky Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Toirns Jmco. Pop. A Adairville 98 683 ♦Albany 108 .579 Alex.andria 6. . . . 353 Allensvillo 97 436 Almo 94 225 Almo House 13 209 Alpine 110 360 Alvaton 99 209 Loca. I'lip. Amos 101. .\nchorage Arlington 89 Asbury 5.5 Ashburyburg 68 Ashland 39 Athertonville 49 Auburn 98 Augusta 12 420 384 550 290 . 7.50 <,688 . 306 . 631 1,787 Loca. Pop. Bailey Mine Bandana *Barbourville *Bardstown . * Bard well Barlow Barnsley Barrenfork .39. .87. 117. .23. .89. .87. .68. 110. 309 337 .633 ,126 ,087 532 37!» 560 Loca. Pop. Baskett 40. . . Beattyville Beaver Dam •Bedford Beech Grove Bellevue •Benton . . . . Berea Berkeley . .79. , .47. . .1. .46. .6. .93. .55. .89. 270 .1,364 . . 762 . . 269 . . 208 .6.683 . . 824 .1,510 . . 309 I Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, as Number of the County Where Town is I..ocated: cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of N£ Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- me Indicates County Seat. 86 Beinstadt . . Berry Be vie r Big Clifty . . Big Spring Birdsville . . Birmingham Blackford 111. .17. .69. .48. .20. .64. .93. .45. . . .87. ..23. ..83. . .85. .111. ..72. . .80. .118. 23. Blanche 11.8 Blandville . Bloomfield . Bloomington Bonanza Bonham . . . Bonnieville *Booneville Bosworth . . Botland ,„ *Bowrg Green. 91! Bradfordsville 51 Bradshaw . . *Brandenberg Bremen .... Brent Brighton . . . Brodhead . . . Bromley .... Bromley . . .'. *BrooksvilIe , ♦Brownsville . Bruce . . Buffalo . . ■ Bulah Burgin *Burkesville Burnside .78. . 20. . .69. . 6.. . .28. . ..77.. ...5.. ...9.. . .12. . ..71.. .102. . ..49. . ..90. ., ..52. . , . 105 - - . .110 Butler .......11." •Cadiz 95 Cairnes iig.' *CaIhoun 46' California .... .6 Campbellsburg ' s' *Campbellsv'le 74"' Camp Nelson 27 ♦Campton 81 Canada ge Caney 59;; Caneyville . . . .48 Cannel City ..59." Carbondale . •Carlisle . . . Carrollton . . Carrsville . Carter Caseyville .. *Catlettsburg Cave City . . . 406 . . . 339 . . . 208 . . . 260 . . . 309 . . . 260 . . . 349 . . . 449 . . . 300 . . . 229 . . 352 . . 390 . . 260 . . 280 . . 257 . . 236 .. 408 . . 290 .1,173 . . 330 . . 396 . . 482 . . 254 . . 380 . . 350 . . 477 . 819 . 819 . 492 . 313 . 209 . 298 . 260 . 679 . 817 1,117 . 426 Curdsville ....41 *Cynthiana ...n. ^ D Palcy 113. 'Danville 53. Dawsonsprings . 68 Dayton q\ Dekoven 44. Denton '. .38! Dexter ] .94 Dish man .....iie. *Di.\on 45' Drakesboro . . 69 D'-y Ridge ...'lo" Dundee 47' Dundee . . .' . '57' Durbin ! !39! Earlington ...68. E. Bernstadt 111 East Point . 62'' Echols 47 ' *Eddyville ...;66." Eden (J3 Edenton ......55' •Edmonton ..103' •Elizabethto'n 21 '' Elkhorn City.. 86 *Elkton . ^ «77- g"'sburg '75;; Elsmere .... 5 Elvira .112.'.' Eminence 8. '. Empire [ 96 ' Epworth ..'.! 35' Erlanger .. 5'' Ewing 34' ■ .. 235 .3,603 Harrodsburg ♦Hartford *Ha\vesvilIe . •Hazard . Hazel .' ■ Hazel Green Hebbardsville Hellier 86 •Henderson .' ' '40 Henshaw .... "44 •Hickman . ' '. '<)i High Bridge ..27 Highland Park 13 Hillside 69 •Hindman .' ] ! ^84 •Hodgenville . 49 Hopkinsville . .96 Horse Cave . . 72 Hutsonville . 76 •Hyden 113 ' 3,147 976 ...1,002 537 306 ... 257 350 ... .525 .11,452 . . . 306 . .2,736 . . . 206 ..1.977 . . . 560 . . . 370 . . . 744 . .9,419 . . . 881 . . . 384 . . . 316 Mitchcllsburg .53 -Monterey ... 7 Kensee '.'.'.'.. .iW. Kevil _ _g7 Kewanee Kidds Store . . Kings Mount'n Kirkmansville Kirkse.v Knottsville' Kuttawa . 86. .75. 76. 97. .94. .41. .66. .110. Coalport . . .'. .in] 39. .. .6. . .21. ..55. .115. .115.. .106. , .90. . .35. . Coalton .... Cold Spring Colesburg . College Hill' Colly Colson ' . . . .' •Columbia . Columbus . . Concord ......„„ Conway . . ! ! ! '77' Coolidge ..'.".'iio! ^"'"bin 116. Corinth . . 10 Cornishville !'52" Corydon .. 40' •Covington ..'..s' Crab Orchard.. 76 Crescent Mine 111' Crescent Sprgs 5. Crof ton 96 Cunningham .' .89 Furguson Garnettsville ..20 Garrison 35 •Georgetown .!l6 Germantown !<> Ghent S' Gilbertsville .' .93' •Glasgow . . . .102 Glasgow Jet. 102 Glencoe 3' Glensboro .... '25 Glen Dean ] ! 43' Gourd 11,5' ■ Grahn .' . 38 Grahamton ' ' 20 Grand Rivers 64' Gratz ... 9' Gray .'.'.'117" •Grayson 38]: 'Greensburg . .73 •Greenup . . . . ^36 •Greenville . . .di) . '. Greenwood ..110 Grit Ill • Guthrie 97 H Hagerhill 62.. Haldeman . . . .37! .' Halsey ue ' Ham by Sta. ..68.'.'! Hanson 68. Hardin 93 ! ! •Hardinsburg 43 ' •Harlan II9 La Center La Fayette ' ! •La Grange . •Lancaster . Latonia •Lawrenceb'g La.vm,an . . . . •Lebanon Lebanon Jet. Lee City . . •Leitchfield Lesbas Lewisburg ! ! Lewisport . ! •Lexington . ! •Liberty Little .. Little Hickr^ Little Rock Livermore Livingston ! •London . . Lot •Louisa . . . . ! •Louisville ' ! ! Lovelaceville Lowes Ludlow . . ! ! Lunah . . . ' ' M McHenry McKinney McNeal "...!. •Madisonville •Manchester •.Marion .... Marrowbone Marshall .... Maxon Mill . •Mayfield ^fays Lick . . .19 •.Aiaysville .... 19 Mead 39 Mentor ....!!! .6! Mercer 69! Middlesboro .!il8! Middletown . . .13. Midway 26! Milburn ..... !89 Millersburg . 30 Milton ! 1 ■ Mining City ..7o! .87 .96 . .7 .54 . .5. 25. 119. .. .51. ..22. . . .81. . .48. ..111. . .98. . .42. . . 28 . . . 7.5 . . .36. n 27 . . .30. ..46. ..77. 111. .116. . . .61. . . .13.2 .87. . . .92.. !!82!! . . . 590 . . . 206 ... 200 ... 226 . . 309 . . 350 . . 306 • . 260 . . 212 .. 889 426 ... 366 ..1,152 . .1,517 . .1,882 ..1,723 ... 206 . .3,079 ... 807 . . . 269 .1,053 . . . 390 . . . 2.53 . . . 596 .35.099 . . . 330 . . . 290 . . 350 . . 380 .1,330 . . 68 .l,6.-{8 . . 350 I. .356 33.938 . . 400 . . 230 .4.163 . . 206 Morehead Moreland *. Morgan field' ••Morgan town Aiortons Gap Mortonsville Moscow .... •Mount Olivet'lS Mount Pleasant 1 •Mt. Sterling 32 Mt. Vernon . 77 Mt. Washin'fn 22 Mouth card so •Munfordville 72 Murphysville .19 Murray 94 Myers .' '31 Nebo Nepton .'.'..'. Nerinx Nevada . . ! ' ' •New Castie' New Haven Kew Hope . New Liberty •Newport •Nicholasvi'u'e Normal . North Fork North Middle- town . . . North Pleasu'r'e'-" ville 8 Nortonville . " ! '68 •68.... 298 •34... 2.35 •fl.^.. 220 •52 206 ••8 468 •23.... 405 .23.... 240 •9.. 214 ■ •6. .30.309 •27... 2.935 .39.... 300 .19 260 30. . . . 390 235 254 Oakdale . . Oakland Oakton . ' ' Olive Hill!.' Ol.vmpia . . •Owensboro . . ..,, •Owen ton . . . ! ! 9 •Owingsville . .33 O ... .82. 99. 90. 38. 33. 41. .47. .76. ..39. .68. 112. .65. .86. .19. .88. 92 •Paducali .... 88 Paint Lick. . 54' •Paintsville ."62' •Pans S..30! Parkers Lake. 110 Parksville 53' Patesville .... 42 Peach Orchard!6T! Pembroke 96 Perryville . ! . ! !53; [ Petersburg 4'' Pettit 41;; Pewee Valley.!.?' Peytontown ...,55!! •Pikeville . ... '86 Pine Hill ... 77' ' Pine Knot iie' ' Pineville . . . .lis! ! Pittsburg Ill . ! Pleasant View. 116! ! Pleasure Hidge Park. .13 Pleasureville . ..8. Pollard 39 Powderly 69! Praise !86! ! •Prestonsburg .85!! Princess 39. . . Princeton . . . .67. ! ! Providence . . . .45! " Pryorsburg . . , Puncheon .... Q Qufncy „„. Quinton 110. R Randville .15. Redash 116. Regina 86. Render 47. , •Richmond . . . .55. , Riverton 36., Robard 40. . Robbins 82. . Robinet 77.. Robinson Creek. 86. . Rochester 70. . . .92 .84. .35. Kentucky Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations 'I'dUlt-s Kockport Itowlami liowk-lls Kuddills Uumsiy . Rural . . . KussfU 76. Ti. Mills. 30. 46. 86. 36 . lie . .98.. S . . 658 . . 596 , . 233 . . 240 . . 413 . . 209 .1,038 3,111 Sacramento . . Sadievilk; . . . . Saint Chailes. Salem Salt Lkk Salvisa Salyersville . . . Sanders Sandyfork . . . .Sardis Science Hill . . . " Scottsville . . . Sebree Si-dalia Shady Grovo. . Shannondale . ShaionBi'<>ve . SharpsIniiK . . Shawhan . . . . Slicll)V City. . . •Slu'lhyvillc . . *Sh('i>herdsvill Shorbvinic . .. . Sherman Shivi-ly .46. .. 438 .16. . . . 467 68 .. 660 «4. .. 320 .33. . . 532 .32. . . 309 .8.'l. . . 310 ..2 . . 250 113. . . 2.50 .19. . . 261 110. . . 257 101. .1,327 .4.5. .l,.509 .92. . . 2.50 .6.5. .. 206 .28. . . 290 97 .. 306 .33. . . 410 .30. . . 390 .53. . . 275 .14. .3,412 f .22 . . . 318 .34. . . 253 .10. .. 350 13. . . 280 loinix J'(J1>. Si loam Sladc Slate l.ick. . . . Slaughli-rville Sloans Valley. Smithficld . . . •Smilhland Smiths Grove. Smith Mills. . . ♦.Somerset . . . . Sonora South Carrollton . South Gate. . . South Portsmouth Spottsville . . . ♦Springfield . . Stamping Ground . . . . *Stanlord . . . . *Stanton . . . . Stepherisport . Stfwartsville . Stinsfin Stithton Sturgis Sulphur Su'mer Shade. SumnicrSNTllo Switzer 36. . . 290 .Ol . . . 402 .an. . . 290 45. . . 443 110 . 220 . .8. . . 350 .64. . . 557 .99. . . 726 .40. . . 390 110. 4,491 .21. . . 250 .69. . .6. .36. .40. .50. .16. .76. .57 . .43. .10. .38. Talcum Tnvloi- Mines. .84. .47. . 365 , . 627 . 520 . 448 1,329 , 381 ,1,532 . 278 . . 205 . 209 . . 200 . 390 . . .1.467 . . . . 2.55 . . . . 310 320 390 208 353 7'oir/).- Liji-a. l>()i>. .24. 111. .88. .35. 104. .61. ♦Taylorsville Temple Tijiple Tolesboro ... *Tomk'sville. Torchlight . . Travelers Rest. 80 Trenton 97 Turneisville . .76 Tyler 88 Tyrone 25 I'nion 4. I'niontown . . . .44. Urban 112. L'tica 41. Valley View Vanceburg Verona . . . ♦Versailles Vine Grove. Vi.salia .33. . .4. .26. .21. . .5. Viva 111. W Waco .5.5. AVaddv 14. Wallsend 118. AValton 4. ♦Warsaw .... . .3. 622 290 509 460 639 220 296 653 280 506 544 . . 275 .1,356 , . 406 . . 390 . . 596 .1,145 . . 220 .2,268 . . 570 . . 250 . . 250 Washington .19. 210 254 506 650 960 43a lijirns Lijca. Pop. 118. .24. .92. .44. .61. 114. Wasioto Waterford . . Water Valley Waverly .... Webbville . . . Wentz West Covington. 5 ♦West Liberty. 59 West Point. . . .21 Westport 7 Wheatcroft . . .43 AVhite Plains. .68 ♦ Whitesburg Whitesville ♦Wickliffe ♦Williamsburg. 116 Williamsport . .62 ♦ Williamstown Wilmore .... Wilton ♦Winchester Wingo Wohurn .... Wolf AA'oodburn . . Woodville . . . , Worthville . . . .11a . .41. .87. .10. . 27 . 117. .29. .92. .82. .38. .99. .88. . . 360 . . 206 . . 228 . 311 . . 260 . . 290 .1,731 . . 442 . . 782 . . 390 . . 490 . . 281 . . ,321 . 452 . . 989 .2,004 . . 290 . . 806 .1,060 . . 206 .7,136 . . 404 . . 217 . . 306 . . 217 . . 250 . . 326 Tale 33. Yelvington . . .41 . Zion 40. . 260 . 406 KENTUCKY The Blue Grass Keijlvins — line Live Stock — Support of the Union Cause GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE. Kentu<-ky. Historic name. It is difficult to do justice or even partial justice to this state in so many wavs renowned. Here Daniel Boone e.xplored portions of the state in 1760, built a fort at the point occupied by the village of Boonsboro, m flaik Go., Kv., in 1775. Had numerous skirmishes with the Indians, but survived to remove to Upper Louisiana, in 1708, to a tract of land, romprising :.',000 acres, given to him by the Spanish author- ities. He settled with his family and followers at Gharette, on the Missouri River, beyond the in- habited regions of the country, and there followed the occupation of hunting and trapping bears till his death, which occurred in 182(t. He was one of the daring land seekers and pioneers, who was brave enough to contend with the difficulties which sometimes beset settlers in a new country. DISTINGLISHED MEN OF KENTUCKY, Kentuck.v was the home of Henry Clay for .50 yeais, 4C years of which period he ably represented "his state in Congrtss, being outspoken in favor of the abolition of slavery. He was the author of tariff legislation favorable to protecting infant in- dustries in the United States; was the author of the "Missouri Compromise," favored the recogni- tion of the South American Republies, the inde- pendence of Te.xas, and many public measures of great importance; speaker of the House for a time; secretary in cabinet of John Quincy Adams; can- didate for Congress in 1.S24 and 1S32 and a most graceful and polished speaker. He was for nearly a half century one of the most influential members of the National legislature ever in Congress. Here at Levington was the home of Cassius M. Clav. from 1 .S40 to the close of his official life, as Minister to Russia in l.SGO. He was in the Mexican war, was an out and out opponent of slavery. His paper. The True Ainerica, was destroyed by a pro- slavery mob. He sulisequently revived his paper and circulated it in Kentucky, although printed in Cincinnati. His "Life, Writings and Speeches" aie published in two volumes. THE REGION OF FEUDS. Here was the feud region of the South, where misunderstanding and ill feeling arising between two families would go on and on, through a genera- tion, the fire of animosity and revenge only becom- ing extinguished when the last surviving member of one family was shot by a member of the other family, which happened to survive. Happily these feud quarrels and the manufac- ture of illicit whisky by moonshiners in the moun- tains are becoming past events in the onward march of the civilization of the South. We allude to them liere only as relics of a peculiar people in a past age. Though a slave state, every possible tffort was made by the Governor and the authorities of Ken- tucky to keep the State out of the ranks of the seceded states during the Civil War. This was suc- cessful in that no act of secessirn was passed, but some 40,000 men of the state went into the Con- federate service. The loyalty to the Union cause was demonstrated, however, by 01,000 troops being recruited for the Union side. This is also long past history. FAMOUS BLUE GRASS REGION OF KENTUCKY. Kentu<'k,v contains the celebrated Blue Grass re- gion. From this section of the U'niled States come the famous Kentucky high bred horses and the premium Shorthorn cattle. Of the 40,000 square miles of territory, it is claimed that there are not over 200 square miles of irreclaimable land. The southeast part of the state is broken by the Cumberland mountains, none of whose summits attain over 3,000 feet in height. The hills and valleys are well wooded. West and north of this region lies a gently undulating up- land, intersected by rivers flowing through deep valleys. The soil of this region is of the very finest quality, being in fact what is known as the Blue Grass region, extending from the Ohio River, southward, to the Cuml:)erland River, through the central portion of the state. The barrens, so called, lie to the westward of the blue grass country. The region is being brought forward farmed, and though naturally not so fertile as the blue grass soil, bids fair, under proper management, to be profitable land to cultivate. Land seekers are advised to investigate this region carefully. COAL AND HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE FOR CE3IENTS. The coal measures, which occupy the whole east- ern part of the state, are a part of tlie great Appa- lachian coal field, which overspreads western Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania. Limestones of wide extent and great thickness are found. Hydraulic limestone is found near the falls at Ijouisville and is extensively used in the manufacture of cement. The Mammoth Cave, in Edmenson Co., near Green River, is one of the wonders of the world, which people from all parts of the earth come great distances to see. It has been explored for a distance of more than 10 miles. Tl>at this region has been, in former times, the abode of mammoth animals is shown in the finding of the remains of the mastodon, mammoth, musk ox, elk, etc., in large numbers. 88 Kentucky Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises SALT BEDS OF KENTUCKY. In Clay and Meade Cos. salt is obtained in large quantity by boring. Iron ores are found in the northeast corner of the state, where numerous fur- naces are in operation. Other products of the state are saltpeter, gypsum, natural gas, asphaltum and petroleum. WILD ANiaiALS AND FORESTS OF KENTUCKY. Of the larger wild animals deer yet remain in abundance. The smaller animals, including the badger, raccoon, groundhog, rabbit, oppossum, etc.. are yet common, as are the wild turkey, partridge, ducks, etc. In tlie forests, which yet cover a large part of the State, particularly in the river valleys, may be found a numerous variety of trees, comprising the ash, elm, white pine, yellow pine, tulip, hick- ory, sweet gum, black walnut, sugar maple, white, red and black oaks, locust, buckej'e, Cottonwood, coffee tree, cypress and catalpa. That enterprising:, industrious tillers of the soil can be well rewarded for their labor throughout all portions of the state, is revealed by a study of climatic conditions. The average annual tem- perature is about yyo. Winter continues from the last of November till the first of .April, but snow- falls are light and seldom remain long upon the ground. The average annual rainfall for the state is 47 inches, which ensures almost invariably a regular and abundant crop. With the abundance of streams traversing the State in all directions along the elevations It is highly probable that many of the valleys could be irrigated, making them absolutely free from any possibility of loss of crops from drouth. FERTn.IZrNG M.4TERIAI. IN THE BLUTE GRASS REGION. The blue grass region covers something over 10, 000 square miles. This poi'tion of the state is over- laid with a substratum of limestone, which is con- tinually undergoing decay. This serves as fertilizer. enriching the soil to such a degree that abundant crops can be grown on the same land for a centur.v without apparently, diminishing the fertility of the land. People in search of location for homes should visit the blue grass region. What is there about limestone that so tends to fertilize the soil? Is it the stone itself in bulk or must it be pulverized? Is the disintegration of the stone on the soil through the natural process of exposure to air necessary to secure fertilization? or can this stone be ground into a fine mjal, taken elsewhere and spread upon land with favorable result? T'sed anywhere this limestone is a superior fer- tilizer. The agriculturist of the blue grass region hPS the advantage of having this material right on the ground, and fortunate is the agriculturist who owns a farm in the blue grass country of Ken- tucky. A very certain crop in this state is tobacco. Other crops in their order are corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, hay and rye. Apples and peaches are the reliable fruits. The principal industries in the order of value of output are distilling liquors, flour and grist milling, lumber ma,king from logs, manufacturing chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff, foundry and ma- chine shop work, slaughtering and meat packing, stemming tobacco, tanning leather, malt liquors, wooden goods, iron and steel furniture, agricultural Implements, cigars, brick, tile and cotton goods. CONDENSED nrPORTANT r»CTS REI..\TING TO THE ST.\TE. .\ltitude. Highest at Big Black Mountain, in Harlan Co., 4.100 feet. Climate. Average annual January temperature at Louisville, 34 above, July 79. Extremes, 107 and 20 below. Dimensions. Extreme length of state, S.'iO miles. Extreme width, 17.j miles. Area of state, 40,400 square miles. History. Was formerly a portion of the territory of Virginia. The first white explorer was John Finley, who went there with a few companions in 1767. Daniel Boone. Finley and others went there in 1770. In 1774 a settlement made at Harrodsburg by James Harrod and others. A fort built by Daniel Boone at Bocnesboro. Several skirmishes and battles with the Indians. Kentucky organized as a territory in 1700. Admitted to the Union as a state in 1702. THE M.AMMOTH C.AVE OF KENTUCKY. From an article by W. Stump Farwnrd. published in the American Cyclopedia, we gather the fol- lowing: Mammoth Cave, the largest cavern known, situ- ated near Green River in Kentucky, about sev.-ntv- five miles south by southwest of Louisville. Its mouth is reached by passing dovrn a wild rocky ravine through a dense forest. It is an ir- regular funnel-shaped opening, from fiftv to one hundred feet in diameter at the top, with stt.p walls about fifty feet high. The cave extends about nine miles, and It is said that to visit the portions already traversed requires from 1.50 to 200 miles of travel. This vast interior contains a succession of marvelous avenues, chambers, domes, abysses, grottoes. lakes, rivers, cataracts, etc.. which for size and wonderful appear- ance are unsurpassed. The rocks present numerous forms and shajies of olijects in the e.xternal world, while stalagnillcs and stalactites of giganti<' size and fantastic form abound, thou.ijh not so brilliant and beautiful as are found in some other caves. Chief among the ob.jects of interest are Silliman's Avenue, about one and a half miles long, from twenty to two hundred feet wide, and from twenty to forty feet high; Marion's -Vvenue, of about the same dimensions: the Star Chamber, about 500 I'ei-t long and seventy feet wide, the ceiling of which, seventy feet high, is composed of black gypsum and is studded with innumerable white points, which by a dim light present a most striking re- semblance to stars; and Cleveland's Cabinet, an avenue about two miles Ions, spanned by an arch of fifty feet, with an average central height of ten feet. By many the last is regarded as the most won- derful ob.lect in the cave. It is encrusted, from end to end, with the most beautiful formations in eve — ' variety of form. The base of the whole is sulphate of lime, in one part of dazzling whiteness and perfectly smooth; and in other places crystallized so as to glitter like diamonds in the light. Growing from this in endless diversified forms is a substance lesembling selenite, translucent and imperfectly laminated. Some of the crystals bear a striking resemblance to celery, and all are of about the same length: while others, a fool nr more in length, have the color and appearance of vanila cream candy; others are set in sulphate of lime, in the form of a rose, and othei's still roll out from the base in forms resembling the orna- ments on the capital of a Corinthian column. Some of the incrustations are massive and splen- did; others are as delicate as the lily or as fancy work of shell or wood. Sidesaddle Pit, over which rests a dome sixty feet high, is about ninety feet deep and twenty f et t across. This and some of the other pits and domes in the cave have been formed out of the solid rock by the solvent action of water charged with car- bonic acid. • The deepest of the pits are the Maelstrom, 17."> feet in depth, and twenty feet in diameter, and the Bottomless Pit, about the same depth. There are several bodies of water in the cave, the most considerable being Echo River, which is about three-fourths of a mile long. 200 feet wide at some points and from ten to thirty feet deep. its course being beneath an arched ceiling of smooth rock, about fifteen feet high. This river has invisible communication with Green River, the depth of water and the direction of the current in the former being regulated by the stage of water in the latter. The River Stvx. 450 feet long, fifteen to forty feet wide, and from" thirty to forty feet deep, is sv>anned by an interesting natural bridge about thirty feet above it. ^ . ■. ^ . Lake Lethe is about 450 feet long and from ten to forty feet wide, and varies in depth from three to thirty feet. It lies beneath a ceiling about ninety feet above its surface. Its waters some- times rise to a height of si.xty feet In consequence of freshets in Green River. The Dead Sea is gloomy body of water some- what smaller than the preceding two. Remarkable species of animal life are found in the cave in the form of an eveless fish and the eyeless crawiish. which are neailv white in color. Another species of fish has been found with eyes, but totally blind. Other animals known to exist in the cave are lizards, frogs, crickets, rats. bats. etc.. besides ordi- nary fish and crawfish wished in from Gr.en River. The atmosphere of the cave is pure and health- ful ■ the temperature, which averages .50 degrees above zero, is about the same winter and summer, not being affected by climate outside. The Mammoth Cave was discovered in l.SOO and has alwavs been the property of private individuals. For sometime after its discovery saltpetre was made there. „ . . ,~, „i , ,,i In this vicinity are also Proctor s ra^ e. a... ui three miles in length; White Cave Diamond «.;ive and Indian Cave, each about a mile long. 89 LOUISIANA STATE AND THE 60 COUNTIES OF LOUISIANA With Their Boundaries 7^ : yi»iiiiPW^^ M ! I \ ! rOCATlON AND 1910 POPULATIONS OF LOOSIANA PARISHES (COUNTIES). 1,(1(1] , ('ijunlji 1 Caddo. 2 Bossier. 3 Webster. 4 Claiborne. 5 Lincoln . 6 Union. 7. . . . Morehiiuso. 8. . West Carroll. 9. . East Carroll . 10 Do Soto. 11 Red River. 12 Bienvillp. 13 Jackson . 14 Winn. 15 Caldwell. 16 Ouacliita . I'.,l'. .58,200 .21,738 .19,180 .25,050 .18.485 .20,451 .18,786 . 6.249 .11,637 .27,689 .11.402 .21.776 .18.818 . 18.,^'J7 . 8,!>93 .25.830 Laid. County 17 Richland. 18 Franklin . 19 Matuson . 20 Tensas. 21 Sabine. 22. . Natchitoches. 23 Grant. 24 I>a .Salle. 25 Catahoula. 26 Concordia. 27 Vernon. 28 Rapides. 29 Avovelles . 30 Calcasieu. 31. . . . St. Landry. 32 Coupee. P<,1). 15,769 11,989 17,6g6 19,874 36.455 15.958 9.402 10,415 14,278 17.384 44.545 34.102 62.767 66.661 Liira. County 33 West Feliciana. 34 East Feliciana. 35 St. Helena. 36... Tangipahoa. 37 . . . Washington. 38.. St. Tammanv. .39 Acadia. 10 Lafayette. 41 St. Mariin. 12 W.Baton Rouge. 43 Iberville. 44. J . . . -Ascension . 15 E. Baton Rouge. 46. . . Livingstone. 17 Cameron . 48. . . . Vermillion. P„l>. .13.449 .20,055 . 9,173 .29,160 .18,886 .18,917 .31,847 .28,733 .23.070 .12.636 . 30,954 .23,887 .34.580 .10.627 . 4,288 .26,.S90 Loca. County Pop. 19 Iberia. .31,262 50 St. Mary. .39.368 51..,. Assumption. .24,128 52 St. James. .23,009 53 St. John the Baptist 14,338 54.... Terrebonne. .28,320 55.... La Fourche. .23.111 ,56.... St. Charles. .11.207 57 Orleans. 339,075 .58 Jefferson. .18,247 59. .. Plaquemines. .12,524 60.... St. Bernard.. 5,277 Total 1.656,388 Louisiana Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. •Abbeville ... .48. . .2,907 .Vbita Springs. .38. . . . 365 Adeline 50. . . . 808 Touna ra. Pop. Albemarle ... .51 ... 1,202 Alberta 12. . . . 590 Alden Bridge ... 2 .... 560 •Alexandria . .28. .11.213 Allemands . .. ..56. . . . 506 roitH.v Loca. Pop. Alliance 59 . . . . . 56 . . 220 . . 890 Amelia . . Amelia Amesville . . . . 50 . . .50.. 58 . . . . 400 . . 460 . . 290 Towns Loca. Pop. ♦Amite Anchor Angle Ansley Antrim .36. .32. .37. .13. 1,677 . 390 . 346 . 660 . 350 Explanation : Index to Towns. First Column, N.ime.3 of Tiwns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 90 Toini.-! Louisiana Cit ies^nd Villages with 1910 Populations Lorn. run. 7'„,,ii.. r 7^ 7~Z Arabi 60. Arbroth 4'i . *Arcadia 13. Argyle 32. Arnaudville . . .31. Ashland .... Athens Atkins Atlanta Avery Island. Avoca 51 . Ayers 21. .22. ...4. . .2. .14. .49. Baldwin 50 Bancroft 30 Barataria 58 Barham 27 *Bastrop 7 Batchelor 32 Baton Rouge (capital) ... .45 Bayou Goula . .43 Bayou L,acomb.38, Bayou Sara. . . .33, Bay wood 45 Belair 59. Belcher 1 Bell City . . 250 . . 390 .1,079 . . 260 . . 279 . . 200 . . 514 . 360 , . 311 . 208 . 280 . 250 .1,062 . . 290 . . 660 . . 250 . . 854 . . 290 Loi-a. J'o/i. 29. .51. .10. .23. ..2. 22 ;.6; .59. .50. .1. Belle A'lliance.51 Belledean . . Bellerose . . . Benson .... Bentley .... *Benton .... Bermuda . .. Bernice .... Bertrandville Berwick . . . Bethany ^ Bienville 12 Bijou 28 Blanchard 1 Bogalusa . . , Boleyn Bolinger . . , Bonami .... Bonita Bossier .... Bourg .... Boutte Bowie Boyce Breaux Brid .37. . 22 '. '.Ti; ..30. .. .7. ...2. .54. ..56. ..55. .28. .41. Brice 13 | Broussard . . . . .4o! Brusly 42. Bryceland . . ] .12! Bunkie 29. Buras 59.' Burton .' ^52 .14,897 . .1,020 ... 600 .,. 630 ... 360 ... 660 . . . 260 . . . 325 . . . 860 ... 409 . . . 506 . . . 209 . . . 209 . . . 318 . . . 270 . . . 781 . . . 360 . .2,183 . . . 250 . . . 606 . . 250 . . . 260 , .1.808 . . 350 . . 380 . . 309 .. 273 .. 773 .. 560 . . 309 .1,060 . . 865 .1.339 . . 250 . . 449 . . 390 . . 250 .1,765 . . 560 . . 406 D Daniels Dean Delcambre . . . Delhi Delta Denham .Spgs. De Quincy . . . . De Ridder. . . . Des Allemands Diamond .... Dime Dodson *Donaldsville . Donner Dorcyville .... Dayline Dubach Dubberly .... Dubuisson . . . Dunbar .30. . .6. .49. .17. .19. .46. .30. .30. .56. .59. ..59. .14. .44. .54. .43. ..3. . .5. . .3. 31. 38. E Echo *Edgard . . Edna .... Elizabeth . EUendale . Empire . . . Eola Erath Eros Estherwood Eunice .... Evangeline Evans .... Evergreen ♦Farmerville Ferriday ... Fisher Florien .... *Floyd Fordoche . . . . Forest Hill. . Fort Jesup. . . *Franklin . . . *Franklinton Frierson . . . . Fryeburg . . . Fullerton . . . .28. .53. .30. .30. .54. .59. .29. .48. .13. .39. .31. .39. .37. 39. .26. .21. .21. . .8. . . 325 . . 330 . . 308 . . 685 . . 290 . . 5-4 . . 715 .2,100 . . 560 . . 360 . . 200 . . 845 .4,090 . . 360 . . 206 . . 390 . . 714 . . 206 . . 250 . . 360 .. 238 . . 350 . . 230 . . 390 .. 360 . . 208 . . 460 . . 575 . . 898 . . 544 .1,684 . . 460 . . 235 . . 299 Wa 1. Independence .36. Iota 39 _ Jackson Jacoby ....'. Jeanerette . ." *Jena Jennings . . . '. Jesuit Bend . Jonesboro . . . , Jonesville . . .'. Juanita '. Junction City! .34. .32. .49. .34. .30. .59. .13. .25. .30. ..6. .32. .28. .21. .50. .37. .10. .12. .27. .. 598 .. 577 .1,060 . . 250 . . 260 . . 220 . . 260 .1,026 .3,857 . . 814 . . 308 . . 290 .1,238 Kahns . . , Kaplan . , Keatchie . Kelloggs Landing Kenner . , Kentwood Kinder . . . Klotzvllle . .42. ..48. . .10. . .19. . .58. . ..36. . .30. . .51. . . 520 . 1,004 . . 769 .2,146 .. 275 .2,206 . . 689 .3,925 . . 243 .1,134 . . 287 . . 360 . . 396 . . 250 .. 315 . . 560 . . 350 .1,253 .3,609 . . 635 . . 508 V'oirii.s Lura. Pop. Morganza 33 296 Morse 39 T,.;2 -Mossyille 30:::: 390 .Mt. Lebanon. ..12 2«o Myrtistown . . . .1...'. siCy Kairn Naomi •Napoleonville •Natchitoches Xeame Neptune . . . . . Nero Nesser Nettie .' ." Newell ton . . . . *New Iberia. . . Newlin ♦New Orleans. •New Roads. . Nicbolls Ninock Noble '. .59. .59. .51. .23 .'27.' .59. .59. .45. .44. .20. .49. .30. . .57.339,075 •32... 1,353 .59 350 ..2 3.50 .21.... 453 . 309 . 230 1,301 3,532 . 500 . 330 . 4.50 . 330 . 260 . 434 7,499 308 o Calhoun 16 ♦Cameron 47! Campti 22. Carencro .40 Carson 30' Carville 43' Caspiana 1 ' Cataro .'31 ' Centerville 50' Charenton . . . .50! Chauviu 54 Cheneyville , Cheniere . . . . Choudrant . . Church Point Cinclare . . . Clarks .... •Clinton Clouterville . Cocoville . . . . •Colfax CoUinston . . . •Columbia . . •Convent . . . Converse .... Cooper Cottonport . . Cotton Valley •Coushatta . . •Covington . . •Crowley . . Cut Off ; Cypremort . . , .38 ..16. . . .5. .39. ..43. . .15. . .34. ..22. ..29. ..23. ..7. .15. .52. .21. .27. .29. ..3. .11. .38 .39. .55. .50. . . . 260 ... 260 ... 664 ... 609 . . . 560 . . . 306 . . . 250 . . . 260 . . . 509 . . . 402 . . . 360 . . . 498 . . . 226 . . . 360 . . . 481 . . . 406 . . . 750 . . . 918 . . . 360 . . . 590 ..1,049 .. 333 . . 580 . . 390 .. 260 . . 309 . . 866 . . 750 .. 564 .2,601 .5,099 . . 260 . . 206 I G Garden City., Garyville ..., Genesee , Gheens Gibsland Gibson Gilbert Gladis Glenwild Good Pine . . . Grace Grand Cane. . . Grand Coteau. Grand Isle. . . . Grappes Bluff. Grayson •Greensburg Greenwood . . , •Gretna Grosse Tete. . . Gueydan Guiletts Labadieville . . .51 . •La Fayette. . .40. Lafourche Crossing . . . .55. Lake 44 . Lake Arthur. . .30! Lake Charles.. 30. •Lake Providence Lakeside . . . Lanesville . . L'Argent .... Laura , Lecompte . . . •Leesville . . , Lena Station. Leonville . . . Lettsworth . . Lincecum . . . Little Texas. Livonia Lobdell Lockport .... Ijofton Logansport Logtown Long Bridge. Longleaf . .9. ...47. . . .3. .26. .51. .28. ..27. . .28. ..31. . .32. . .23. . .51. . .33. ..42. Oakdale .. Oak Grove. Oak Ridge. Oberlin . . . Oil Citv... Old River. . Olla •Opelousas Orange . . . .30. . .8. .30. 14. 10. 16. 39. .28. 392 I.,ongwood 9 Loreauville Loring .... Ludington Ludwine . . Luling .... Lutcher . . . .49. ..31. ..30. .5.5. , .56. M H Hackberry . . . Hahnville .... Hall City Hammond . . . •Harrisonburg. Haughton .... Hawthorn .... Haynesville . . Hecker Hermitage . . . , Hodge Holly •Homer Hope Hornbeck Hosston •Houma Husser Hydropolis . . . . McCall 44. McDonoghville..58. Madlsonville . .38. Mailard . . . Mandeville Mangham . •Mansfield . Maniura . . . •Many Marco Maringouin Marion •Marksville Marthaville Mathews . . Melville .... Mermenton . Mer Rouge. . Midland Paincourtville Parcperdue Parks Patterson . . Pearl River „„. Pelican |o. Pickering 27. Pineville 28! Pioneer 8. Plain Dealing. . .2. •Plaquemine . .43. Plaucheville . .29. Pleasant Hill.. 21. •I'ointe a la Hache . . . Pollock .... Ponchatoula •Port Allen. Port Barre. Port Barrow. Port Eads „.. Port Hudson. . .45. Port \"incent. . .46. Potash 59. Powhatan 33. Prairieville ...44. Provencal 33' .51. .49. ..41. . .50. ..38. ...59. .33. .36. .43. .31. .44. .59. . . .500 . . 398 . . 332 . . 332 . . 400 . . 250 . . 360 .4,623 . . 360 . . . 550 . . . 360 . . . 350 ..2,998 .' ." 360 .750 .1,312 . . 950 .. 474 .4,9.55 . . 380 . . 442 . . 560 . . 675 .1,055 . . 750 . . 6G0 . . 802 . . 360 . . 350 . 360 . . 250 . 230 . 230 . 262 Q Quitman ..50. ..38. . .17. , .10.. . .39. , .31. . .23 .'43.'; . .6. . . 39 . . 31. 39. .7. , 39. . Millikens Bend. 19 Milton •.Minden ... Moherly . . . . •Monroe . . . , Montpelier . . Montrose . . . . Mooringsport Jforeauville . Morgan City. ..40. ..3. .56. .16. . 35 . . 33 .29. . 50 . Raceland . . . .55. . . . 560 Kamos . ..50. . . 350 liamsav . . . . . 38 . . . 435 Randall .... ..32. . . 306 Randolph . . .. .6. . . 690 Randolph Jc . .6. . . .560 Rayne . .39. .2,247 •Kayville . . . . .17. .1.079 Ri'serve ...53. . . 408 Itichardson . .37. . . 319 Ivinggold . .. ..12. .. 490 Kio ..37. . . 265 Hobeline . . 33 . . . 438 Rochelle . . 33 . . . 660 Rosedale . . . . ..43.. .. 406 Rosiland .... ..36. . . . 5K«i Rosepine . . . . . . 335 Ruddock .... ..53.. . . 708 •Huston .3.877 Rustville . . 2.50 s Saint Amelia.. 53 •St. Bernard. . .60. St. Franolsville.SS. St. Gabriel 43. •.*>t. Jos"'ph. . . .20. 91 Louisiana Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations 'J'oans Lorn. J'tij). »St. Martinville, 8t. Patricks. . . . St. Rose St. Tammany. . Saline Sarepta Scotland Scott Sellers Sflma Seymourville . . •Shreveport . . . Sibley Simsboro Slaughter Slidell Smoke Bond . . So'Ius Solitude Springfield . . . . .2,318 . . 260 . . 506 . . 375 . . 346 . . 320 . . 209 . . 239 . . 260 . . 860 . . 560 J8,015 . . 480 . . 282 . . 284 .2,188 . . 660 . . 350 . . 208 . . 250 'I'lni na Lora. I'up. Springhill . . . . Stal)li-s Standard . . . . StarhlinK . . . . Sterlington Strader Sulphur Sun Sunset Sycamore ... T Taft Station., •Tallulah . . . , Tangipahoa . Tcrre Haute. . . •Thibodaux .. Tioga Torras Tremont .... Trout • ?• .24." .38. .16. .36. .30. .38. .31. .28. .56. .19. . 36 . .53. .55. .2S. .32. . . 750 . . 620 . . 806 . . 261» . . 406 . . 290 . . 350 . . 250 . . 377 . . 290 . . 596 . . 847 . . 394 . . 250 .3,824 . . 633 . . 560 . . 500 . . 502 Lucu. J'op. Urania V Vacherie Vacherie Sta. . ^■enico Verda Victoria *Vidalia Vienna Ville Platte. . . Vinton Vivian W Walker Wallace AValls Lake... Washington . . Water I^roof. . . 350 . . 250 . 260 , . 480 . . 250 . 350 .1,345 , . 580 . . 603 . . 809 . . 826 . 592 . 309 . . 290 . 1,528 . . 445 I'OICIKS- Lura. Pull. Weeks . . Welsh . . Wesllake .... West Monroe. Westwego White Castle. Whitehall 46. Wilson 34. .49. .30. .30. .16. .58. ..43. Winnfield *Winnsboro . . Winona Wyatt Y Yellow Pine. Youngsvillfe . . Z Zachary . . . . , Zimmerman . Zwolle .14. .18. .14. .13. . .3. .40. .45. .28. .21. . . 260 .1,350 .1,500 .1,127 . . 560 .3,289 . . 206 . . 763 .3,925 . . 821 . . 223 . . 336 .1,000 . . 338 . . 419 . . 500 . . 973 LOUISIANA An Ideal Region for the Agriculturist on a lertile Soil :>Iade from the Wash of Many States So nianv good things are to be said of Louisiana it is dilficult to do the State justice with the limited space at our command. COl NTKV LAND BELOW KIVEK LEVEL So far as topography of the State is concerned it has the single disadvantage in some portions ol being lov,', much of the southern part of the State being not moie than ten feet above sea level and liable to frequent inundations. The land along the Mississippi Itivcr, below New Orleans, and 130 miles above, is below the surface of the river at high water and is protected from Inundation by artificial embankment, called levees. A break in the levee, called a crevasse, sometimes occurs, inundating hundreds of thousands of acres of valuable land. At present the levee lines by which the shores of rivers are protec-ted in Louisiana I'l-om overllow are about 1,4311 miles long. Of this Sti."> miles are situated on the Mississippi River. 3!l.") miles on the Red River and tributaries. 70 miles on the Atcha- folava and l.'iO miles on Bayou Lafourche. COST OF MAINTAINING THE LEVEES To maintain the levees, and protect all low land friim inundation, the State levies a general ta.\ of one mill on the dollar, which yields !|!315,000 a yvav. A special tax of SVi cents per acre and a produce tax is levied, in the levee district, which yields .$1,000,000 annually. Besides this the United States CoM'inmtnt has expended for several years yearly about $700,000 for levee protection through the Mis- siK.sippi River Commission. Thus it is seen that a thoroughly efficient system is being pursued lor the prote<'tion of the agricultural interests in Louisiana. While this is something of a tax on farmers of this i-egion, it is so light, compared with beiielUs, that no one complains. It should he understoo, after having made an exhaustive an- alysis, said: "There is enough nitrogen present in the first eight inches to supply nitrogen for, 1,000 fifty- bushel crops of corn. I have never analyzed a soil with so high a percentage of nitrogen." Corn experts estimate that in 1911 Louisiana will export 60,000,000 bushels of corn, 100,000,000 bushels in 1912, and probably 200,000.000 by lOl.'i. Five years ago Louisiana annually imported 20,- 000,000 bushels of corn for feeding purposes. Great credit is due the Louisiana Meadows Co.. of New Orleans, the pioneers in the reclamation of the alluvial wet prairies of Southern Louisiana, for the remarkable transformation of vast areas of these wet lands into veritable gardens, with beautiful nav- igable canals — like Holland — to each farm, and the northern and western farmer with all his energy, progressiveness and courage, cultivating this wonder- fully fertile soil the year round, much to his profit and happiness. CONDENSED FACTS REL.\.TING TO LOllSL\N.\ Altitude: Highest in State at Arcadia, Bienville county, 36S feet. Climate:. New Orleans, average temperature In January, '^■^^, in July, 84; extreme, 102 and 7 above. Annual" rainfall. GO.."i inches. Dimensions: Extreme length, 275 miles; extreme ■width, 2S0 miles. 3Iardi Gras: February. History: Visited by DeSoto, 11541; Marqueti>', 1673; La Salle, 16.S2. Settlements made site of .New Orleans about 1706. The territory ceded to Si)ain in 1762 and retroceded to France in ISOO. Through Louisiana purchase came to United States in 1S"3. Seceded from I'nion In 1S61. Captured by Samuel Farragut in 1S62 and turned over to the Federal Army, General Butler coming into control of the citv, succeeded by General Banks. Readmitted to the Union, 18(>S. MAINE STATE AND THE 16 COUNTIES OF MAINE With Their Boundaries LOCATION AND I'OI'l XATION Ol' MAIXK COINTIKS T.o- ca- CO UNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1 Oxford. .36,356 2 Franklin. .19,119 3 Somerset. .»6,30I 4 Piscatatjuis. .19,887 .5 Penobscot. .8.'>,38.5 6 Aroostook . .74,664 7 York. .68,.526 8... Cumberlancl. 112,014 9. -VndroscoRgin . .i>9,822 10 Kennebec. .62,863 11.... Sagadohoc. .18.574 12 Lincoln. .18,216 13 Knox. .28,981 14 Waldo. .23,383 15 Hancock . .35,575 16. . . Washington. .49,905 Total 743,371 LOCATION AND 1'OPri.ATION OF MAINE CITIES AND VILLAGES 1910 Toioix Lora. Pop. A Abbot Village . .4 716 Acadia « 650 .\cton 7. . . . 778 Addison 16 420 Albany 1 415 Albion 10 645 Alexander 16 333 ♦Alfred 7 645 Alna 13 506 Alton 5 348 Amherst 15. . . . 365 Andover 1 . . . . .'520 .Vnson 3. . . . 244 Appleton 13... 1,080 Argyle 5. . . . 253 Ashland 6... 1,260 Athens 3 896 .\tkinson 4. . . . 273 Atlantic 15. . . . 432 *Auburn 99.. 15,064 Augusta (capital) 10. .13,211 B Bailev Island . .8. . . . 506 Baldwin 8. . . . 468 ♦Bangor 5.. 24,808 Bar Harbor . . .15. . .1,181 Baring 16. . . . 273 ♦Bath 11... 9,396 Beals 16 508 Beans Corner ..2.... 250 ♦Belfast 14. . .4,618 Belgrade 10. . . . 450 Belgrade Lakes 10 360 Bemis 2. . . . 280 Benedicta 6.... 450 Benton 10. . . . 530 Benton Falls ,.10.... 240 Berry Mills . . . .2. . . . 2.50 Berwick 7... 3,380 Bethel 1. . . . 834 P.iddeford 7.. 17.079 Biddeford Pool .7 480 Bingham 3 802 Blaine 6 976 Blanchard 4. . . . 248 Blue Hill 15. . .1,828 Bolsters Mills . .8. . . . 430 Boothbay 12 320 Booth Bay Harbor : 12. . .2,060 Bouchard 6. . . . i>«6 Boundary 6. . . . 360 Bowdoin 11. . . . 430 Bowdoinham ..11... 1,302 Maine Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Touiis Lnca. Pop. Bowery Beach 8. . Bradford 5. . Br.Tdford Center 5. . Bradley 5. . l^iomer 13 . . Brewer 5.. Bridgewater Center 6.. Bridgton 8.. Bridgton Junction 1. . Brighton 3. . . Bristol 13... Brooklin 15. . . Brooks 14. . . Brook.sville ...15... Brookton 16... Brownfield 1. . , Brownville 4. . . Brownville Junction 4... Brunswirk . . . .8. . . Bryant Pond ...1.., Bucklleld 1... Bucksport . . . .15. . . . . 308 . . 495 . . 260 . . 283 . . 399 ,5,667 , . 586 .1,474 . 310 . 434 . 706 . 506 . 669 . 410 . 439 1,025 1,570 . 380 5,341 . 250 . 357 2,239 7'oioi.s Locn. Pop. Bucksport Center 15. Burleigh 6. Burlington . . . .5. Burnham 14. Buxton 7. Buxton Center .7. Bvron 1. C Calais 16. Cambridge 3. Camden 13. Canaan 3. Canton 1 . Cape Elizabeth 8. Cape Jellison ..14. Cape Neddick. .7. Cape Porpoise .7. Taratunk . . Caribou . . . Carmel Carroll Carthage Cary Casco , . 262 . 250 . 394 . 686 . 861 . 280 . 206 .6,116 . . 431 .3,835 .1,130 .1,953 . . 780 .1,302 . . 260 . . 660 . . 218 .4,758 .1,066 . . 546 . . 280 . . 420 . . 810 ToiOi.v Lora. Pop. Cashs Corner . . .8. . Castine 15. . Caswell Planta .6. . Center Lincolnville 14. . Center Lovell . . .1. , Center Montville 14. , Centraltown . . .9. , Chain of Ponds. 2. . Charleston 5. . Charlotte 16.. Chase Mills . . . .9. . Chebeaque Island .8. Chelsea . . . Cheiryfield Chester . . . Chesterville China Chisholm Clifton . Clinton . Columbia . . 947 . . 375 . . 530 . . 260 . . 353 . 1,060 . . 350 , . 796 . 315 . 200 .10. .16. . .5. ..2. .10. ,.2. . .5. .10. .16. Columbia Fallsl6. . . 990 .1,800 . . 402 . 2.50 . . 550 . 806 . . 384 .1,398 . . .516 . . 698 94 Maine Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Cooper Coopers Mills Corlnna Corinth Cornish .... Cornvile .... Costigan .... Crawford . Crouseville Cumberland Center 8. Cumberland Mills .16. .13. ..5. ..5. ..7. ..3. . .6. 16 .6. . . 264 . . 450 .1,103 . . 340 .1,118 . . 460 . . 235 . . 306 . . 275 ..9. .13. ..16. Curtis Corner Cushing Cutler D Damariscotta _ Daniariscotta Mills 12. Dan forth . . Davidson Dayton . . Deadwater Dedham . , Deer Isle . Denmark . Dennysville Detroit . . . Dexter .... Dickey Dixfleld ... Dixmont . . 673 .3,400 . . 280 . . 233 . . 463 .12... 1,015 16 ..5. . ..7.. ..3.. .15.. .15. . ..1. . .16.. ..3. . ..5.. ..6. . ..1.. .5. . . 350 .1,380 .. 302 . . 560 .. 380 . . 390 .. 897 .. 380 . . 452 . . 590 .2,941 . . 350 . . 563 .. 334 ;06 Dorman 16. ♦Dover and Foxcroft 4... 1,908 Dover South Mills 4. Dresden 13. Dresden Mills .12. Dryden Dry Mills Durham Dyer Brook ..6. E ..6. . .8. .10. Eagle Lake . East Baldwin East Benton . East Blue Hill 15. East Boothbay 12. Eastbrook 15. East Brownfield 1. East Corinth 5. East Dixfield...l. East Eddington 5. East Tampden 5 East Harpswell 8 . . .1. . .5. ..14. 15. .7. East Hiram . East Holden , East Jackson East Lamoine East Lebanon . . . East Limington 7... East Livermore 9... East Lowell . . . .5. . . East Machias .16. East Madison . .3. East Millinocket 5. Easton 6. East Orland . . .15. East Orrington .5. Hast Otisfield . .8. East Parsonsfield 7. East Poland ...9. Eastport 16. East Raymond .8. East Sangerville 4. East Sebago ...8. East Sullivan .15. East Sumner . . .1. East Vassalboro 10. East Waterford 1. East Wilton ...2. East Winn . Eastwood . . Eliot •Ellsworth ...... Ellsworth Falls 15 Empire Road . .9 , 220 305 225 260 280 587 350 762 380 330 310 540 246 , 340 589 , 250 620 , 360 . 240 . 310 , 209 232 ; 250 . 250 . 262 . 208 , 260 .1.637 . . 560 .2.063 . . 330 . . 450 .. 260 . . 230 . . 390 . . 347 .4,961 . . 360 . . 856 . . 380 . . 425 . . 480 . . 350 ... 250 . . 430 ..236 . . 250 650 15...3,.549 430 5. .7. .7.. Enfield Etna .... Eustis . . Exeter . . Fairbanks Fairfield ...5. . . .5. .. .3. . . .5. . ..2. .3. 347 389 537 208 887 360 , .2.801 Falmouth 8. . . .245 Loca. Pop. ..4., .14., .15. .14. , 2 '.'.9,'. . .6. .13. 1. Falmouth Foreside 8. . Farmingdale ..10.. *Farmington ..2.. Farmington Falls 2 Fayette ...... .{{>'.'. Five Islands ...11.. Fort Fairfield . .6. . Fort Kent 6.. Foxcroft and Dover ... Frankfort Franklin ... Freedom .... Freeman ... Freeport . . . Fi-enchville Friendship . Fryeburg _ Fryeburg Center 1 G Gardiner 10 Garland 5 Georgetown ...11. Gilead Goodrich . . Goodwin'5 Mills 7. Gore 7. Gorhani 8. Gouldsboro ... .15. Grand Isle 6. Grand Lake Stream 16. Gray 8 . Great Works ...5. Greenbush 5. Greene 9. Greenville 4. Greenville Junc- tion 4. Greenwood 1 . Guilford 4. H Hallowell 10. Hamlin 6. Hampden 5. Hampden High .1. ..6. . . 240 . . 850 .1,340 . . 430 . . 299 . . 260 .1,630 .2,528 .1,726 .1,099 .1,406 . . 370 . . 307 . . 965 .1,660 .1,080 . . 540 . . 340 .5,311 . . 713 . . 799 .. 350 .. 250 . . 550 . . 230 .2,650 .. 350 .. 430 , . 262 . . 380 . . 402 . . 660 . . 675 .1,420 . . 330 . . 727 .1,508 lands Hancock . . Hanover . . Harmony . , Harrington Harrison . . Hartford . . Hartland 3. Hastings 1 . Haynesville ... .6. Haywood 6. Hebron 1 . Hebron Station. 1. .5., 15. . .1. .3. 16. .8. .1. . .5. , .13. Hermon Highisle Highland Lake 8. Hiilman 6. Hiram 1 . Hodgdon 6. Hollis Center .. .7. Hope 13., *Houlton 6. Howland 5. Hudson 5. Hulls Cove 15. Hurricane Island 13. ¥ .16. Indian River , Industrv Island Falls . , Islesboro J JacUman - Jackson 14. Jay Jefferson Jemtland .... Jonesboro .... Jonesport .... Katahdin Iron M^orks 4 ■ Keegan 6. Kenduskeag . . .5. Kennebunk . . . .7 . Kennobunk Port 7. Kents Hill 10. Kezar Falls ...7. Kingfi.'Id 2. Kinsman 5. ..6. .14. ,.S. .12. . .6. .16. .16. .2,864 . . 560 . . 506 . . 582 . . 406 . . 213 . . 660 . . 865 . . 651 . . 642 . . 974 . . 230 . . 380 . . 408 .. 460 . . 306 . . 802 . . 375 . . 320 . . 280 . . 393 .1.500 ..308 . . 360 .8.060 . . 580 . . 510 . . 260 . . 266 . . 206 . . 553 .1,550 . . 276 . . 357 . . 380 . . 275 .1.155 . . 308 . . 624 .2,134 . . 308 . . 780 . . 423 . 3.509 .2.123 . . 3.50 . . 608 , . 69.S .1,075 Towns Loca. Pop. Kittery Kittery Depot Kittery Point. Knightville Knox Knox Station L, LaGrange .... Lake View . . . . _ Lambert Lake 16 Lawrences Mills . . ..7. .7. ..7. . .8. .14. .14. .5. .4. Lebanon . Lee Leeds .... I^evant Lewiston . Lexington l^iberty . . I.igonia . . Ijimerick Limestone Limington Lincoln . . Lincoln Center Lincolnville . . Linneus Lisbon Lisbon Falls . Litchfield Litchfield Cor- ners 10. Little Deer Isle 15. Little River ...9. LitHeton 6. Livermore 9 . Livermore Falls 9. Longcove 13. Lovells 1. Lowell 5. Lower Grand Isle 6. Lubec 16. Ludlow 6. ..9. ..3. .14. ..8. . .7. ..6. ..7. .14. ..6. ..9. ..9. le. .2,872. . . 240 .1,062 . . 666 . . 267 . . 250 . . 574 . . 225 . . 250 .. 490 .1,260 . . 825 .1,066 . . 789 26,347 . . 231 . . 737 . . 2.50 . . 806 . 1,480 .1,086 .1,167 . . 360 .1,200 .1,260 .3,603 .2,306 .. 306 .. 580 . . 262 .2,206 . . 924 . . 846 .3,200 .. 360 .. 691 .. 460 . . 534 .3,066 . . 409 M McKinley . . *Machias . . . Machias Poi Macwahoc . Madawaska Madison . . . Madrid .... Mainstream Manchester Manset Maplegrove Mapleton . . Mariner Mars Hill . . Masardis . . Mattawamkeag .5 .15. .16. .16. ..6. ...6. ...3. 2 . ..10. ..15. . ..6. . . .6. . . .8. . . .6. ,.6. Mattocks Maxime 6 Mechanic Falls 9 Medford \ Medford Center 4 Medomac l- Jledway Mercer .... Jlessalonskee Mexico .... Middletown Milford Millbridge . . Mill Creek ;> Millinoeket ....5 5. . .3. .10. ..1. ..5. ,.16. 16. Milltown Mill Village . Milo Milo Junction Milton Planta tion Minot Minot Station Minturn Monarda Monmouth . . Monroe Monson Monticello . . Montville . . . , Moose River , Morrill Moscow Mount Chase . Mount Desert .15 Mount Desert Ferrv 15 Mount Vernon 10 . . 250 .2,082 .1,187 . . 216 .2,060 .3,408 . . 341 . . 266 . . 525 . . 225 . . 306 . . 925 . . 450 .1.506 . . 650 . . .527 . . 380 . . 534 .1.687 . . 282 . . 282 . . 390 . . 508 . . 490 . . 240 . . 325 . . 306 . . 838 .1,963 . . 360 . 3.066 .1,300 . . 430 .3.108 . . 280 . . 211 . . 280 . . 462 . . 250 222 .1,236 . . 829 .1.237 . 1 .332 .1,068 . . 360 . . 453 . . 366 . . 309 . . 409 , . 2.50 . . 900 /'.,/,. Muscongus Myrick . . . 608 . . 306 N Naples 8. . New Castle . . .12. . Newfield 7. . New Gloucester 8.. Newhall 8., New Harbor ..13., New Limerick 6. Newport New Portland New Sharon . New Sweden New Vineyard Nobleboro .... Norlands Norridgewock North Amity North Anson . North Auburn North Bath . . North Belgrade 10. North Berwick 7. North Bradford 5. North Bridgton 8. North Brooks- ville 15. North Buckfipld 1 . North Carmel .5. North Castlne .15. North Chapleigh7. North Chester- ville 2. North Cornville 3. North Cutler . .16. North Deer Isle 15. North Dexter . .5. North Dixmont .5. Northeast Har- bor 15. North Edge- comb 13. North Fryeburg 1. North Gorham .8. North Grav 8. North Haven . .13. r^Torth Islesboro 14. North Jay 3 North Limington 7. North Mon- mouth 10. North Newburg 5. North New Castle 12. North New P(yt- land ....3. . 746 , 533 , . 456 .1,125 . . 216 . 360 . . 606 .1,096 . , 466 .1,064 . . .507 . . 660 . . 810 . . 286 .1,706 . . 290 .1,206 . . 266 . . 210 . . 240 .1,809 . . 320 . . 490 . . 290 . . 360 . . 330 .. 340 . . 466 . . 306 . . 220 . . 203 . . 375 . . 240 .. 240 . . 660 . . 393 . . 210 . . 2.50 . . 262 . . 6.5,5 .. 630 . . 450 . . 260 .. 480 . . 220 North Newry North Parson- flold 7. North Perry . .16. Northport 14. North Raymond 8. North Scarboro 8. North Sullivan 15. North Vassal- boro 10. North Waldo- bo ro 13 . North Water- boro 7. North \\'ater- ford 1. North Wavne .10. North M'hite- field 2. North Windham 8. North Wood- stock 1 . North Yar- mouth 8. Norway I . O Oakfield 6. Oakfield Station 6. Oakland 10, 550 286 366 206 545 268 306 220 782 250 460 ?.m 206 426 350 306 ,215 Oaks Ocianville . . Ogunciuit Olamon . . . , Old Orchard Oldtown . . . , Orient Orland Orono Orrington ... Orrs Island . (~>tis Oxford . .8. .15. ..7. . .5. ..7. ..5. ..6. .15. . . 720 . . 2.50 .2.405 . . 430 . . 2.50 . . 505 . . 240 . . 757 .3,763 . . 244 . 1 .390 .3,257 . . 636 . . 3«fl . . 239 . . 473 95 Maine Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations !■<,,,. Palermo 14 Palmyra 3 Paris 1 Paris Hill 1 Parkman 4 PassadumUeag .5 Patten 5 Pejebscot 11 Pemaqiiid 12 Pembroke 16, Penobscot .... 15 Perham 6, Perry 16. Peru 1 , Phair 6, Phillips 2. Phippsburg .... 11 . Pine Point 8. Pittsfield 3. Pittston 10. Pleasantdale . . .8. Pleasant Point 13. Plymouth 5. Poland ». Popham Beach 11. Portage 6. Port Clvde 13. Porter 1. •Portland 8. Pownal 8. Pownal 8. Prentiss 5. Presqe Isle ... .6. Princeton 16. Prospect 14. Prospect Ferry 14. Prospect Har- bor 15. Prouts Neck . . .8. R Randolph 10. Rangeley 2. Raymond 8. Razorville .... 13. Readfield 10. Red Beach ...16. Richmond 11 . Ridlonville 1. Ripley 3. Riverside 10. Ri\erview 3. Robbinston . . . .16. Robinsons 6. ♦Rockland ....13. Rockport 13. Rome 10. Round Pond . .12. Roxbury 1 . Rumford 7. Rumford Corner 1 . Rumford Falls .1. Rumford Point 1. S Pabattus 9. , Saco 7. Saint Agatha . .6. , Saint Albans . . .3. , Saint David . . .6. . Saint Francis . .6. . Saint George . . 13. . Saint .John Plantation . . .6. . Salem 2. . Sandy Creek . . .8. ! Sandy Point . . 14 Sanford 7. , Sangerville . . . .4. . Santiago 15. . Sargcntville ... 15. . Scai-horo .... 8 ... 512 ... 805 . . . 360 . . . 262 ... 718 ... 409 ..1,206 ... 394 ... 375 . . . 824 . . . 935 . . . 725 . . . 570 ... 250 ... 706 . . . 823 . . 1.254 . . . 350 . .2,231 . .1,105 . . . 850 . . . 225 . . . 689 . . . 560 . . . 290 . . . 608 . . . 405 . . . 906 .58,571 . . . 592 . . . 250 . . . 410 . .2,938 . .1,027 . . . 340 . . . 356 . . 240 . . . 350 Toini.^ 1'. . .1,205 . . 695 . . 552 . . 200 .994 . . 600 .2,049 . 1,066 . . 450 . . 299 . . 244 . . 460 .1,050 .8,174 .2,314 . . 560 . . 450 . . 222 . 7,066 .311 .5,427 .. 306 . . 805 .6,583 . . 365 . 1.206 . . 551 . . 461 . . 2.50 . . 380 . . 218 . . 275 . . 365 .6,096 .1,306 . . 465 . . 357 . . 3.50 Seal Harbor . .15. .Searsmount ... 14. Searsport 14. Sebago 8. Sebago Lake . .8. i^ebec 4. Seiigewick . . . .15. Shapleigh 7. Shapleigh Cor- ner 7 . Shawmut 3! Sheepcott 12 . Sheridan 6. Sherman Mills .6. >herman Station 5. Shiloh 9. Shirley Mills . . .4. Sidney 10. Silvers Mills . . .5. *Skowhegan . . .3 Smithfleld 3. Snows Falls .... 1 . Solon 3. Somerset 3. Somerville .... 12. South Acton . .7. South .\tkingon 4. South Berwick 7. South Brewr .5. South Bndgton .8. South Bi-istol .12 South Brook.'3- ville 15 South China .10. South Corinth .5. i-'outh Deer Isle 15. South Dover . . .4 . South Elliot . . .7. South Freeport 8. South Gardiner 10. South Harpsvi'ell 8. South Hiram . . 1 . South Hope . . .13. South Jefferson 12. South Lagrange 5.. South Levant .5. . South Libertv .14. South Lubec . .16. . South Montville 14. . South Newburg 5. . South New Castle 12. . South Orrington 5. . *South Paris . .1. . South Penobscot 15. . South Poland . .9. . Southport 12. . South Portland 8. . South Presque Isle 6. . South Robbin- ston 16. . South Sanford .7. . South Scurry . .15. . South Thomas- ton 13. . South Union . .13. . .'^outh Vassal- boro 10 South Waldo- boro 12. . South Water- ford 1 South West Har- bor 15. . South Wind- ham 8. . Spaulding 6. . Springfield . . . .5. . . . 308 . . 949 .1,509 .. 576 . . 250 . . .585 . . 950 . . 847 .. 380 . . 625 .. 350 . . 366 .1,100 . . 360 .. 662 . . 248 .1,205 . . 350 .5,180 . . 479 . . 266 .1,065 . . 208 .. 374 . .530 . . 230 3.188 . . 980 . . 350 . . 580 . . 308 . . 223 . . 262 . . 450 . 206 . . 950 . . 320 . . 490 . . 250 . . .^40 . . 541 . . 260 . . 221 . . 262 . . 310 . . 205 . . 380 . . 260 . . 750 . . 360 . 1,542 . . 200 . . 750 . . 525 .7,471 T I) 11:11a Lu P„l,. . . 200 . . 320 . . 250 . . 200 . . 505 . . 236 . 566 . 208 . 295 . 850 1.205 . 725 . 509 Springvale 7 . Spruce Head . . 13. Standish «. Stark 3. Sleep Falls ... .8. Stetson .5. Steuben 16. .Stockholm 6. Stockton Springs 14. Stonington . . . .15. Stow 1 . Stratton 2. Strickland 9. Strong 2. .Stroud water . . .8. Sullivan 15. Sumner Station I. Sunset 15. Surry 15. Swans Island .15. Swanville 14. Sweden 1 . T Temple 2 . Tenants Harbor 13. The Falls 15. The Forks 3. Thomaston ... .13. Thorndvke ... .14. Togus 10. Topsfield 16. Topsham 11. Tremont 15. Troy 14. Turner 9. IT t'nion 13. Unity 14. Upper French- ville 6. Upper Glou- cester 8. Upper Mada- waska 6. V Van Buren ... .6. Vanceboro .... 16. Veazie 5. Vinal Haven . .13. W Waldo 14. Waldoboro .... 12. Waldo Station 14. Wales 9. . Wallagrass . . . .6 . Walnut Hill . . .8. . Waltham 15. . Warren 13. . Washburn 6. , Washington ...13.. Waterboro 7 . . Waterford 1 . . Waterville ... .10. , Wayne 10. Webbs Mills ...8 Weeks Mills . . .10. . Weld 2.. Wellington 4. . Wells 7. . Wesley 16. . West Athens . .3. . West Baldwin .8. . West Bath ... .11. . West Bethel . . .1 . . West Boothbay Harbor ...... 12. . West Bowdoin 11. . West Bridgton .8.. Westbrook 8. . .2,505 . . 200 . 1,506 . . 766 . . 466 . . 618 . . 752 . . 375 . . 774 .1,648 . . 291 . . 568 . 340 . 627 . 565 . 325 . 426 . 368 . 909 . 808 . 689 . 282 . . 470 .2,060 . . 420 . . 245 .2,688 . . 589 . 2,306 . . 375 .1.066 . . 306 . . 375 . 1,025 . 806 . . 922 .1,165 .. 305 .2,056 .3,300 . . 870 . . 650 .2,358 . . 566 .3,145 . . 468 . . 266 . . 595 . . 605 . . 242 .1,542 .1,225 .1,660 . . 792 . . 201 11,458 . . 709 . . 200 . . 350 .. 740 . . 484 . 1,200 . . 227 . . 320 . . 460 . . 291 . . 240 . . 240 . . 520 . . 209 .8.281 ToiCHs Lova. I'ut). West Brooklin .15. West Brooks- ville 15. AVest Buxton . . 7. West Cumber- land 8. West Denmark 1. West Dresden 12. West Durham 9 West Enfield . . .5. West Falmouth 8. West Farming- ton 2 Westfield e'. West Franklin 15. West Gardiner 10. West Gorham . .8 West Goulds- boro 15. 'West Gray ... .8. West Jonesport 16. West Kenne- bunk 10. West Lubec . .16. West Mills 2 West Minot . . .9 . West Newfield . 7 Weston (J. West Palmyra .3 West Paris ... 1 West Pembroke 16 West Peru ... 1 West Poland . . .'9' Westport 12 West Pownal 8 West Rockport is. West Scarboro .8 West Sidney . 10 West Sullivan .15. West Sumner . . 1 West vi lie . 2 West Waldo- boro 12. Whitefleld . . . . .Vi Whiterock ... 8 Whiting ie;; whitneyville ..16 Willard g. . Willimantic ... .4] Wilton 2 Wilton Station .2. '. Windham Center g. . Winn 5. Winnecook ...i4.. W'innegance ...11.] Winslow 10 W'inslow Mills .12 Winter Harbor 15 Winterport ... 14. . Winterport Ferry 15 Winterville 6. Winthrop io] '. Winthrop . ' Center 10. . * Wiscaset 12 . ." Woodland ig] Woodland Num- ber One 6 Woodville 5.' . Woolwich . . . ! ! ill Wyman is" ' Y Yarmouth 8. . Yarmouthville .8. . York Beach . . . 7 . . York Corner . . . .7. . York Harbor . . .7. ! York Village . . . 7. . .240 . . 250 .. 861 .. 240 . . 202 . . 220 . . 250 . . 380 . . 780 . . .S90 . . 500 . . 500 . . 853 . . 320 . . 210 . . 240 .. 617 . . 700 .. 275 . . 553 • . 466 . . 250 . . 370 . . 204 . . 760 .6,902 . . 420 . . 875 . . 451 . . 250 . . 360 . . 400 . . 275 . . 665 . . 250 . . 390 . . 250 . . 405 . . 275 . . 393 . . 413 . . 565 . 271 . 1,806 . 200 . 255 . 708 . 290 . 308 . . 400 . . 660 .1,566 . . 208 . . 281 .2,088 .1,509 .1.273 .1,562 .1,066 . . 560 . . 892 . . 260 . . 950 .1,108 . . 380 . . 500 . . 306 .1,260 rif'TlRESQUE RESORTS Rangeley I.akes, Me. — This group of six lakes, in the western part of the State, is connected by streams passing from one to the other, until an unbroken water route of about 60 miles is formed. Their names are Umbagog, Lower Richardson, Molechunkamunli. Mooselucmaguntic, Cupsuptic and Rangeley. The surrounding scenery is extremely picturesque and grand, and the entire resort pre- sents many attractions for artists, tourists, hunters and fishermen. Indian Rock is a favorite camping ground for sportsmen. Near by is Dixville Notch, from one point of which portions of Canada, Ver- mont, New Hampshire and Maine may be seen. Old Orchard Beaoh. Saoo Ba.v. Me. — Fifteen mileg west from Portland. Me.. O'd Orchard Beach, the summer resort, extends from the Dunstan River, on the north, to the Saco River, on the south, a distance of six miles, with a solid sand beach. In Saco Bay, in that vicinity, are the following is- lands, which add to the picturesqueness of the scenery: Stratten's Island, about half a mile long and containing a few houses, but no trees: close by is Bluff Island, about 450 feet long, with a cluster of trees near the center; Wood Island, off the mouth of the Saco River, Is nearly half a mile long, covered with trees, and contains a lighthouse and fog-bell: Stage Island is nearly one-fourth mile long, and has no trees, but a gravstone monu- ment 40 feet high; Basket Island is about 4.50 feet in diameter; Ram Island is oval-shaped and about 450 feet long; Eagle Island is about 450 feet across, with foliage, but no trees. 96 MAINE A New England Region of Rapid Running Streams and the Wild in Nature Land seekers, who contemplate leaving cities for the purpose of going upon fann land, should not forget that inany of the most prosperous men in mercantile life, many distinguished in the pro- fessions and in all lines of work, throughout the United States, had the advantage of farm life among the rugged hills of New England. THE BEST OF FOODS Not only is this a grand region to come from, but it is a superior part of the world in which to rear children. In everything relating to food here is the best. Suppose our hoine to be in Maine. In the clear waters of the running brooks we will get ihe finest Bpreckled trout; here is the sweetest honey and the most delicious maple sugar. The cattle that feed on the tame grass and drink the fresh waters from the running streams, yield the best milk and ereani; on the dry sidehills grow the mealiest potatoes. The live stock of the country are pro- tected from storms, the hens live on tlie best care- fully prepared foods and hence give us eggs of exquisite flavor. And so throughout all the range of foods in New England — people there live on only the best. It is a splendid region in which to rear a boy on a fann by a family compelled to get a living from land. Compared with the over abundant yield of land in the prolific West, the smaller crop which must be carefully harvested and every straw saved, compels frugality, prudence and econoiny. The never ceasing labor and necessity in planting, cultivating and harvesting, compels those habits of industry which tend to temperance and success, wherever the New England boy is placed in after life. The family, especially before emigrating far away, should look up the farms out of which the young men have gone to the West. Possibly the farm houses are entirely deserted and tiie land turned over ' to stock raising, or perliaps the young men of the family gone, the old folks who yet remain will be glad to make an arrangement highly ad- vantageous to any new family who will take the farm. In tlie tour of inspection among New England farms it may be profitable to visit the State of Maine. Give a week— a month will be better — in looking up some of the old farms. On some of the lands that can be bought cheaply and upon which a delightful home may be made. BACK TO THE NEW ENGLAND FARM There exists a strong inclination with many people in the West to go back to the New England hills, at least for summer residence. The pictur- esque scenery, rapid running streams, beautiful evergreens, lakes and the wild in Nature all appeal to them. There are hundreds of these old homes where houses can be painted, the trees trimmed and the lawae so put in order as to make the property highly salable, and all this mostly the result of exercising taste in putting the place in order. But it old and run-down estate are not readily found select sequestered nooks, build cottages, tit the grounds up tastefully and sell the property to those who are hunting for just such quiet, ro- mantic places among the mountains and hills of the "Down East." People of wealth in the central cities who are seeking these rural spots do not ask for large houses and elaborate furniture. They want some- where from five to twenty acres of land, a group of two, three or four cottages, with an abundance of piazza room. They desire a running brook close by, trees, mountains and hills to look up to, shrub- bery, tangled vines, rocks and ferns. They want the rustic. Accustomed to the highly polished, the beautifully finished in architecture and landscape gardening, they yearn for the wild and untrained. Look over our list of towns, write to the Agri- cultural Department of the State University in Maine. Tell them what you want and enclose an addressed prepaid return envelope to yourself. Get into touch with real estate dealers, they know about old homes in that State. Go and see for yourself and, if opportunity offers, dress up old properties or make them new for those who need and want summer cottages and rural homes. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO MAINE Altitude: Highest in Maine, Mt. Katahdin, in Piscataquis county; near the center of the State, 5.200 feet. Climate: The climate Is severe in winter and the air dry and pure. Average January tempera- ture, 22 above; summer heat, 62 degrees. Average annual temperature at Portland, 4S degrees. With cool summers, hunting and excellent fisliing, Maine is a delightful summer resort State. The winters are long and snows deep. The soil is so well drained malaria is almost unknown. Extremes of heat and cold at Portland 97 and 17 below. Aver- age rainfall, 45.2 inches. Dimensions: Area, 33,040 square miles; extreme length, 235 miles; extreme width. 205 miles. Pri- meval forest covers three-fourths of the State. I'oast line, 278 miles; including indentations, 2,4S0 miles. Histor.v: This coast believed to have been visited by the Northmen in 990; visited by Cabot, 149.S; by the French in 1524; in 1525 by the Spaniards. Pemaquid, Lincoln county, settled in 1(^5. Indian raids were common and but little improvement made until after the Revolutionary War. .Vdmitted to the I'nion, 1820. Maine liquor law prohibiting manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors passed in lfS51; permanently in 1S58. Lakes in Maine. Many Picturesque Localities with Lakes May Be Found in This State, Miles Miles Long. Wide. Alligator Lake, Hancoc*k Co 3%....1% Barrows Lake Washington Co 2 l.. Baskahagan Lake, Washington Co SI-. •■••3.. Beaver Dam Lake, Washington Co 2 1.. Big Lake, Washington Co 12 2.. Big Wilson Pond, Piscataquis Co :> S'/z Boyden's Lake, Washington Co 3 1 Vi Caribou Lake, Piscataquis Co •> 3.. Cathanes Lake, Washington Co 4 2V'2 Centre Pond, Piscataquis Co 2 1.. Chain Lakes (3), Washington Co 8 1 Vi Chain Lakes (7), Franklin Co 40.. 3 to 5.. Chamberlain Lake, Piscataquis Co 10 5.. Chesuncook Lake, Piscataquis Co 18 3.. Chimquassabamtook Lake. Piscat. Co. ..0 3.. Cliffords Lake, Washington Co 3 2.. Cold Stream Pond, Penobscot Co 4>4....3.. Cranberry Lakes (3), Washington Co. ..4 1.. Crawford Lake, Washington Co 5 1.. Cupsuptic Lake, Franklin Co 4 IJi Dexter Pond, Penobscot Co 3 )z Eagle Lake, Hancock Co 2 .% Eagle Lakes, Aroostook Co., each 14 !.»; Long Lake, Cumberland Co 10 1.. Long Pond. Piscataquis Co 6 1-. Long Pond, Washington Co 3 ?i Loon Lake, Piscataquis Co 3. l-- Love Lake. Washington Co 2Vi!....l-- Machias Lake. Washington Co 3 l-- Madenteaunt Lake. Penobscot Co 1 • '/2 Mapaug Lakes, Washington Co 6 1-. Mattaceunt Lake, Penobscot Co 3 l.- Mattagamon Lake, Penobscot Co 3','4....iVi Mattamiscontis Lake, Penobscot Co 2 1.. Miles Long. . . . .8. . Miles Wide. . .4. . . .2. . , . . 1 V* .AVi ..2. . .3.. Mattawamkeag Lake, Aroostook Co Medybemps Lake, Washington Co o. . Meluncas Lake, Aroostook Co 3.. Millinokett Lakes. Penobscot Co 0. . Molasses Pond, Hancock Co....... IVt Molechunckamunk Lake, Oxford Co tj. . Monson Pond. Piscataquis Co.. -j .1 Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis Co 40 20.. Mooslucmaguntic Lake. Oxford Co 1- 4.. Mud Pond. Piscataquis Co - /a Mud Lake, Piscataquis Co.... 1 ■ h Musquash Lake, Washington Co 6 l-- Portage Lake, Aroostook Co •> -^ I'ushaw Lake, Penobscot Co 7 ^.■ Ragged Lake. Piscataquis Co A '•• Rangely Lakes. Franklin Co ..J ••^■• Reed's Pond, Hancock Co e^i....!^.. Richardson Lakes. Oxford Co. 17 A.. Ripogenus Lake, Piscataquis Co A »• • Roach Lake. IMscataquis Co Rocky Lake. Washington Co T,i"'i ' Rocky Pond. Hancock Co 1% ••• St. Croix Lake, Aroostook Co - »• ■ Schoodic Lakes. Piscataquis Co N <*•■ Schroodic Lake. Washington to ••' ■ ■ "^ Sebago Lake. Cumberland Co l;i IJ- Sebec Lake, Piscataquis Co i- •>•• Seboosis Lake. Penobscot Co. ]•■ J- Scraggley Lake, Penobscot (o ^ '*■••„• Shining Lake. Washington Co -•• -•• Shin Ponds, Penobscot <-0. -^^ '- Sisladobsis Lake. Penobscot Co »** » - Spider Lake, Piscataquis to. •- ' - o^. .„,..„.,„ T ab-o Aroostook Co l" •*•• Squawpan Lake. 97 MARYLAND STATE AND THE 24 COUNTIES OF MARYLAND With Their Boundaries LOCATION AND POPrLATION OF MARYLAND COUNTIES. Lora. Count!/ Pop. 1 Garrett. .20,105 2 Alleeheny. .62,411 3... Washington. .48,671 4 Frederick. .52,673 5 Carroll. .33,934 6 Baltimore. 122,399 7 Harford. .27,965 L'lra. County Pop. 8 Cecil. .24,759 9... Montgomery. .32,089 10 Howard. .16,106 11 Baltimore Citv. 558,485 12 Prince Georges. .36,147 13. Anna Arundel . .39,553 14 Kent.. 16,957 Loca. County Pop. 15... Queen Anne.. 16.839 16 Charles.. 16,386 17 Calvert.. 10,325 18 Talbot. .19,620 19 Caroline.. 19.216 20 St. Marvs. .17.030 21 Dorchester. .29,669 Pop. Loca. County 22 AVicomico 23 Somerset 24 Worcester Total 1,295,846 .26.815 .26,4.55 .21,811 Maryland Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Toicns Loca. Pop. A Aberdeen 7. . . . 616 Abingdon 7 208 Accident 1. . . . 290 Adamstown . . . .4. . . . 200 Alberton 10 562 Allen 22 360 Andrews 21 206 Annapolis (Capi- tal) 13... 8,609 Aquasco 12. . . . 350 Arlington 6... 1,066 Ashland 6 450 B Baldwin 6 326 ♦Baltimore ....11.558,485 Barton 2... 1,208 Bayview 8. . . . 281 Bel Air 7. . .1,065 Berlin 24... 1.317 Berwyn 12... 1,066 Bethesda 9 2.50 Betterton 14. . . . 308 Big Gunpowder. 6. . . . 208 Bishop 24 226 Bishopville 24 262 Bivalve 22 560 Bladensburg ..12.... 460 Bloomington . . .1. . . . 372 Town.s Loca. Pop. Bond 1 200 Boonsboro 3. . . . 759 Bowie 12 496 Bratlshaw 6 536 Branchville ...12 206 Brookeville ......... 835 Brooklandville .6 390 Brooklyn 13... 1,200 Bruceville Sta- tion 5 266 Brunswick 4. . .3,271 Buckevstown . . .4. . . . 415 Burkittsville ...4.... 228 C Calvert 8 200 •Cambridge .. .24. . .6,407 Camp Parole. .13 306 Cardiff 7 580 Carlos 2 590 Carlos Junction. 2. ... 509 Carroll 6. . .2.062 Catonsville 6. . .4. <)(;(! Cecilton 8. . . . .■)1S *Centerville . . .15. . .1,435 Charlestown . . .8. . . . 274 Chase 6 306 Cherry Hill 8 350 Chesapeake Citv. 8. .. 1,016 Chester 15 350 Towns Loca. Pop. *c'hestertown .14... 2, 735 Cherry Chase. . .9. . . . 250 Chillum 12 290 Choptank . . . .19 225 Church Creek.. 21 396 Church Hill 15 306 Churchton 13 596 Churchville 7. . . . 208 Clear Spring.... 3 521 Cockeysville ...6... 1,509 Oollege Park. «12 309 Conowingo . . . .12. . . . 308 Corriganville ...2.... 290 Crellin 1. . . . 290 Crisfield 23. . .3.468 Crumpton 15 ... . 228 ♦Cumberland ...2.. 21,836 D Dames Quarter. 23. . .1,066 Darlington 7 . . . . 205 Deer Park 1. . . . 988 D.lmar 22. . . . 9.59 *l)inton 19... 1,481 Dickerson . . .j. .9. . . . 225 E East New Mar- ket 21. . . . 280 •Easton 18. . .3,083 Towns Loca. Pop. Eastport 13...1,.560 Eccleston 6. .. . 3.50 Eldorado 21 290 Elk Mills 8 362 Elkridge 10... 1,096 Elkton 8. . .2,487 Ellerslie 2 606 *Ellicot City. . .10. ..1,151 Elliot 21 460 Emmetsbuig ...4... 1,054 Ewell 23 725 F Fairmount . . . .23. . . . 320 Falkner 16. . . . 380 Federalsburg ..19... 1,050 Fishing Creek. .21 650 Flint Stone 2 315 Fords Store. .. .15. . .1,200 Forest Hill 7 350 Forestville . . . .12. . . . 290 Fork 6 309 Fort Washing- ton 12 405 Four Locks 3. . . . 750 Franklin Mines. .2.... 209 ♦Frederick 4.. 10,411 Friendsville . . . .1. . . . 466 Fruitland . . . . .22. . . . 3.50 Frostburg 2 . . . 6,028 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third (^olumn. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 98 Maryland Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. FuUerton .... . .6. . . . 50() Funkstown . . . ..3. . . . 568 G Gaithersburg . ..9. . . . 625 Galena .14. . . . 262 Galloways . . . .13. . . . 350 Gamber ..5. ...225 Gardenville . . . .«. . . . 668 Girdletree .... .24. . . . 325 Glencoe . .«. . . . 290 Glen Echo . .». . . . 203 Genelg .10. . . . 205 Glyndon . .6. ...311 Golden Ring. . ..«. . . . 393 .19. . . . 231 Govanstown . . . .«. ..1,590 Graceham .... . .4. . . . 269 Grange . .«. .. 206 (i . . . 678 Grantsville . . . ..1. . . . 248 Greensboro . . . .19. . . 609 Guilford .10. . . . 590 H Habnab .23. . . . 206 *Hagerstown . .3. .16,507 Halethorp . . . . .«. .. 390 Hamilton Sta- tion ..6. ..1,506 Hampstead . . . .5. . . . 555 Hancock . .3. . . . 893 Harmons .... .13. . . . 390 Harrisonville . .«. . . . 463 Havre de Grace.7. ..4,313 Hereford . .« . . . 380 Hillsdale .... . .«. . . . 804 19 . . . 309 Hollywood . . . .20. . . . 2,50 Homestead . . . . .«. . . . 890 Hoopersville .21 . . . . 369 Howardsville . ..«. . . . 390 Hughesville . . .IB . . . 250 Hurlock .21. . .. 516 Hurry .20. . . . 360 Hursley .24. . . . 252 Hyattsville . . . .12. ..1,917 I Ingleside .... .15. . . . 290 J James .21. . . . 250 4 . . . 350 Jesterville . . . .22. . . . 359 K Keedysville .. ..3. . . . 367 Keep Tryst. . . ..3. . . . 360 Kennedvville .14. . . . 290 Kensington . . . .9. . . . 689 Keymar ..5. .. 209 Kingsville . . . . .«. ...210 Kitzmiller ..1. . . . 865 . .4. . . . 350 I. Lakeland .... .12. . . . 290 Lansdowne . .6. . . . 690 Towns Loca. Pop. *La Plata ... .10. Lauraville 6. haurel 13. L,eitersburg ... .3. *Leonardtown .20. Lewiston 4. Libertytown ...4. Lime Kiln 4. Lindnersville . .2. Loch Lynn Heights 1. Lonaconing ....2. Long Green 6. Loreley 6. Lothair 16. Luke 2. Lutherville . . . .6. M McCoys 8. McDonough ... .6. Madison 21. Manchester . . .5. Merdela Springs 22. Marion .Station. 23. Maryde! 19. Maugansville ..3. Mayo 13. Meadows 12 . Mechanicsville 20. Millington . . . .14. Monie 23. Monkton 6. Motters 4. Mountain Lake Park 1. Mount Airy 5. l\|ount Ranier.l2. Mount Savage.. 2. Mount Savage Junction 2. Mount Vernon. 11. Mount Wash- ington 6. Mount Winans..6. Myersville 4. . . 399 .1,099 .2,415 . . 350 . . 525 . . 235 . . 589 . 1,062 . . 503 , . 216 . 1,553 , . 260 . . 230 . . 360 . . 505 . . 663 . 750 . 290 . 350 523 •• ^25 .' .' 366 . . 220 . . 290 . . 309 . . 563 . . 399 . . 290 . . 366 . . 290 . . 335 . . 622 .1.243 .3,590 . . 200 . . 598 .1..590 .1,509 . . 280 N Nanticoke . . . .23. Neavitt 18. Newark 24. New Market.... 4. New Windsor... 5. North Beach.. 17., Northbranch ..6. North East 8. . 360 . 309 . 290 , . 330 . . 446 . 263 . 390 , . 974 O ♦Oakland 1. Oakland 5. Ocean 3. Ocean City. . . .34. Oella 6. Orangeville ... .6. Oriole 33. Owings Mills. . .6. Oxford 18. .1,366 . . 4!»0 . 1,306 . . 476 . . 516 .1,506 . . 406 .. 313 .1,191 Loi-a. Pop. Parkton 6. Parkville 6. Parole 13. Paisonsburg ..32. Patapsco 5. Pekin 3 Perry Hall 6. Perryman 7. Perryville 8. Petersville 4. Pikesville 6. Pisgah 16. Pittsville 23. Pocomoke City 24. Point of Rocks. .4. Pomonkey . . . .16. Pondsville 3. Port Deposit. .. .8. Powhatan 6. Preston 19. ♦Princess Anno. 23. Principio Fur- nace 8. . . 360 . . 209 . . 3:jo . . 260 . . 250 . . 206 . . 2.50 '. '. 635 . . 290 .1,203 . . 235 . . 366 .3,369 . . 364 . . 250 . . 280 .1,394 . . 561) . . 288 . 1 ,006 . . 506 Q Quantico 22. Queen Anne. . .15. Queenstown ...15. R Raspeburg 6. Reisterstown . . .6. Relay 6. Rhodes Point.. 23. Rider 19. Ridgely 19. Ringgold 3. Rising Sun 8. Riverdale 12. Rock Hall 14. Rock Point. . . .16. ♦Rockville 9. Rosedale 6. Rossville ...... .6. Ruxton 6. . . 290 . . 209 . . 279 . . 509 .1,066 .2,066 . . 250 . . 496 . . 943 . . 390 . . 416 .1,099 . . 781 . . 306 .1,181 . . 300 . . 606 . . 350 S Sabillasville ...4. Saint Inigoes..20. Saint Michaels. 18. ♦Salisbury . . . .22. Sandy Hook. . . .3. Savage 10. Secretary 21 . Security 3. Selbysport 1. Sharpsburg 3. Sharptown . . . .22. Sherwood 6. Smfthsburg ....3. *Snow Hill.... 24. Solomons 17. South Balti- more 13. Sparrows Point. 6. State Sana- torium 4. . . 206 . . 390 .1,517 .6,690 . . 309 .1,099 . . 409 . . 366 . . 230 . . 960 .' .' 490 . . 481 .1,844 . . 313 .2,506 . 4,066 Towns Lorn. Pop. Stevensville . . . 1 j. Still I'ond 14. Stockton 24. Sudbrook Park. 6. Sudlorsville . . .15. Sugarland 9. Suitlanil 12. Sykesville 5. T Takoma 9. Taney town 5. Taylor 7. Taylorsville . . . .5. Texas 6. Thurmont 4. Tilghman 18. Timonium 6. Toddvillo 21. Tonii)kinsvillo .16. ''Tow.som 6. Trappe 18. Tunis Mills. . . .18. Tyaskin 22. U Union Bridge. . .5. Union Mills ... .5. Uniontown 5. I'nionville 4. Upper Fair- mount 23. Upper Falls-. . . .6. •Upper Marl- boro 12. Urbana 4. . . 350 . . 406 '. '. 250 . . 247 . . 560 . . 206 , . 565 .l,l.->6 . . 834 . . 280 . . 204 .1,060 . . 903 . 1,209 . . 262 . . 209 . . 206 .3,508 . . 273 . . 200 . . 290 V Vale Summit. . .2. Vienna 21. W Walkersville . . .4. Wallman 1 . Walsey 1.5. Warren 6. Warwick 8. Waverly 6. Wenona 23. Western Port... 2. ♦Westininster . .5. Westiiort 6. Wetipquin ... .33. Whaleysville . .24. Whiteford 7. White Hall 6. White Marsh?.. 6. Willards 32. Wllliamsport . . .3. Wingate 24. Wingate 34. Winthrop 16. Wondberry ... .11 . Wood brook . . . .6. Woodlawn 8. Woodsboro 4. Woodstock 10. Wynne 30. 804 3.50 309 350 590 475 361 309 366 332 . . . .533 . . . 336 . .1,330 . . . 678 . . . 287 ..2,099 , . . 290 .2.702 , . 3.395 .1.060 , . . 306 . . 335 . . 200 . . 522 . . .S90 .. 209 .1,571 . . 2.50 . . 2.50 .. 208 13.063 . . 390 . . 250 .. 690 . . 208 . . 206 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ocated in ]\Iar.>ian(1, on the Banks A 64 Square Mile Area, Named in Honor of Columbus. 1. of the Potomac Ri\er. District of Columbia Cities and Villages with 1910 Populatoins Pop. .\nacostia 2,1.">S Benning 630 Brightwood 246 Pop. Brookland 1.500 Congress Heights. . .2.260 Good Hope 2.186 Pop. Kenilworth 200 Langdou 560 Takoma Park 1.250 Pop. Tennallytown 964 Uniontown 3.158 Washington 331.069 The District of Columbia is seen on the left side of the map of Maryland near and to the left of the number 12. The District is notewortli.v principally as being the location whereon stands the I'nited States Government buildings at Washington. Washington, D. C. The District of Columbia, the Federal Territory of the Nation, originally contained 100 square miles, but part of the grounds were afterward surrendered to Virginia; its present size is 64 square miles. Washington City is 414 miles long by 3% miles at its greatest breadth. Its loca- tion is on the eastern bank of the Potomac River, 1G% milts from its mouth, and 1S4i^2 miles from the sea. The transfer of the government from Philadel- phia to Washington was made in October, ISOO. The officials then numbered only a few persons. The great city was a mere hamlet, and most of its houses were small huts. But it soon began to in- crease in population at the rate of soO souls a year. August 34, 1S14, the British invaded the rapital, burned all the government buildings and destroyed a large number of the public records, inflicting a loss estimated at $1,000,000. During Monroe's ad- ministration the city took upon it a new growth, and many important Improvements were made. The reeonstruetion of the Capitol was begun in 1815, and finished in 1827. The total cost of the Capitol — new and old — was nearly $13,000,000. The Capitol grounds contain 43 acres. 99 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises MARYLAND An Oyster and Fish Center. Warm, Sandy Soil, Favorable for Vegetable and Fruit Growing. Xear Markets. Should the reader enquire as to what the land seeker could find to do for himself and family in the Stats of Maryland, ho may be refeired to statis- tics for a reply. Investigation will show that there is a very dense population of people here, and these people all have to be fed. In a study of climate it is found that the average annual temperature for the State is from 54 to 64 degrees, .■^nd th.Tt the mercury seldom falls below zero. January weather average 34 above at Balti- more and July stands at 78. The annual rainfall is 43.8 inches. A SUPERIOR REGION FOB PEACHES. The soil in the eastern part of the state is a sandy loam, easily made highly productive by fertilization, and in this portion of the state peaches grow in great abundance. The same is true of all garden products. In the valleys of the central and north- ern parts of the state the soil is exceedingly fertile, producing large crops of tobacco, wheat and corn. Other staples are hops, (lax, maple sugar, honey, wine and sorghum molasses. From the recent annual report of the Department of Agriculture it is seen that in Maryland the yield of oats was very great, and the same of wheat and corn. GREAT .4DVAXT.\GE IN CHEAP TRANSPORTATION. And so, through all the list of agricultural pro- ductions, the agriculturist finds soil and climate ready to assist in the production of any cereal, vegetable or fruit adapted to the climate. To this is added superior facilities for getting to the mar- kets. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, constructed at a cost of $11,375,000, runs by the side of the Potomac rivi-r westward, from Georgetown and Washington, to Cumberland, in Allegany County, a distance of 184Vi miles. This canal, with its" 74 locks, a width of surface of 52 to 60 feet and a depth of 6 feet, is in readiness to carry all the va- rious productions of the extreme western part of Maryland to the Potomac River at a very cheap rate, while the Potomac -and Patuxent rivers, as- sisted by the Chesapeake Bay, easil.v carry all the production of Central Maryland out to the ocean, whence they go to Nevi- York and its immense market, two hundred miles away, in a few hours. OYSTER, FISH-CANNING, FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. The soil, the climate and the markets are right here in Maryland if the land seeker wants to en- gage in agriculture. But possibly he prefers the fishing business. If so, here is the oyster industry on Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters, giving employment to over 32,000 persons. In this enter- prise there are over $7,000,000 invested, the annual oyster yield being 10,000,000 bushels. If the applicant for work dislikes the water, he can turn to one of the 500 canning establishments, to one (if the 800 tobacco factories, or any one of the 8,000 factories in which are employed over 94,000 workmen. GENERAL MANUFACTURING GOING FORAV.VRD. If the seeker for employment has a trade he has simply to look over the general list of industries going forward in Maryland. The Coal Area in this state is .'i.oO square miles, and from the mines in this territory there were taken out in one of the recent years, 6,312,706 tons, worth .|1.30 per ton at the mine. Vhe list of general manufacturing includes flour, fertilizers, cotton goods, foundry and inachine shop products, malt liquors, planing mill products, chew- ing and smoking tobacco, iron and steel, distilled liquors, furniture, patent medicines, brass goods, ships, confectionery, boots and shoes, and brick and tile. CONDENSED IMPORT.\NT FACTS RELATING TO MARYLAND. Altitude. — Highest, Great Backbone Mountain, in Garrett County, 3,400 feet high. Climate. — Annual average January temperature at Baltimore, 34 above; July, 78. Extremes, 104 and 7 below. Average annual rainfall, 43.8 inches. Dimensions. — Extreme length of State, north and soutli, 120 miles; extreme width, east and west, 200 miles. • Histor.v. — Charter issued to Lord Baltimore in 1032. First permanent settlement made at St. Marys City, St. Mary County, 1634. Annapolis founded by Puritan refugees, 1649. Baltimore set- tled 1730. Admitted to the Union 1788. One of the 13 original States. Legislature. — First governor of the State, John E. Howard, 1780. Agricultural and Mechanical College, at College Park, Prince George County. ONLY TWO 3IONTHS OF WINTER. The State of Maryland glories in an exceptionally fine, healthful climate, its mildness being due chielly to the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. The winter lasts only two months. Janu- ary and February. Spring is short and pleasant, and is followed by a long summer, with warm days and cool nights. The heat of the summer is mod- erated by the constant cool breeze from the At- lantic. FARM V^'ORK ALL YEAR ROUND. No fear need be felt of blighting frosts, and the farm work can proceed almost all the year round. In Maryland suitable soil, if properly cultivated, will produce 40 bushels of wheat to the acre. Under highly improved cultivation, the yield of corn is SO bushels per acre. Land properly cultivated will yield 4,000 quarts of strawberries to an acre. TOMATOES THE GREAT RELIABLE CROP. The tomato crop is also very profitable. The young plants are set out in the spring; many do this with a machine, but two persons can easily plant seven acres in a day by hand. The plants should be placed the same distance apart as in the case of corn, and cultivated in the same manner. The canning factories pay on an average $8.00 per ton for toinatoes, and an acre will produce from 6 to IS tons, according to the quality of tlie soil. On a farm of from 40 to 60 acres a settler can, by industry and economy, live comfortably and at- tain to easy circumstances, if he and his family cultiv,ate their own land. He can dispose of his products with little expense, as railroad and steam- boat lines run in all directions, and freight rates are low. A farmer who lives along the water can have his own sailboat and take his products to mar- ket himself. ANNAPOLIS, MD. Our map of Maryland shows the location of one prominent well known city, namely, .-Vnnapolis. ANN.4POL1S, MD. This city was formerly noted as a seat of wealth, refinement and extensive trade. The naval academy was established in 1S4.") by the Hon. George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy, the regulations requiring that the students each remain four years, under strict discipline and in- struction in all the branches of the naval profession. The town was settled in 1640 by Puritan refugees from Virginia and was first called Providence. The next year a commission, appointed by Lord Balti- more, organized the county and named it Anne Arundel Town, in honor of Lady Baltimore. In 161)4 the town was regularly laid out and called Annapolis after Queen Anne who gave it some valuable presents. At the close of the revolution Maryland offered to cede Annapolis to the general government as the federal capital. During negotia- tions for a permanent capital Congress assembled liore and at this session Washington surrendered his commission as commander-in-chief December 23, 1783. 100 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Prices of Small Farms in Maryland AVERAGE PRICES. BEFORE BUYING CAREFULLY INVESTIGATE. South of Delaware is Somerset County, Maryland, county seat Princess Anne. See location on map. Several farms we see advertised in here. See prices. POSTOFFICE AND STORE. 30 acres $4500 On this property there is a store 32x4.5, carrying a stock of .$2, .500; postofhce in store; 8-rooni, 2- story house, nearly new; stable 32x38. built 5 years ago. Two tenant houses, one four-room, the other three. Advanced age of owner forces sale. He has made money here, and you can do the same. Only 120 miles from Baltimore, 6 hours by boat. Eight- een acres in fertile fields which cut 2i/i tons hay per acre; 8 acres in wheat, abundance of fruit, 5 acres in strawberries. One-half cash, and easy terms. Princess Anne. Md. HOME IN GOOD REPAIR. 16 3-8 acres $1300 Twenty minutes' drive from Princess Anne; 13 acres is garden land, Ijaiance wood laud; red cla> . and sand mixed clay subsoil; a lot of fine fruit trees of different varieties; strawberries, etc. Two-story house of 5 rooms, 2 porches; barn and stables for the farm; a nice little home and in good repair; a fine place to raise poultry. If farm is not large enough, there is land close by that can be bought very low. Owner has another farm, reason for selling. Only .f 1.300; $1,000 cash, reasonable time on balance. Princess Anne, Md. FARM miH ALL CONVENIENCES. 73 acres $1000 Located 6 miles from Princess Anne; 55 acres tillable, balance wood land; in good neighborhood; schools and churches close by; a 2-story dwelling of 9 rooms and hall; stable and outbuildings; plenty of fruit. Advanced age of owner cause of sale. $700 down; time on balance. Princess Anne, Md. FARM CLOSE TO CHURCH AND SCHOOL. 175 acres $1300 Twenty-two acres cultivated, balance in young timber, pine, oak and guin ; 6 miles to R. R. sta- tion; good neighborhood; close to church and school; dwelling; of 8 rooms, 3 porches, painted; pump house, corn house, hew with loft above; 2 small barns; grapes, apples, peaches; also a 5-room ten- ant house. One-half cash and easy terms. Princess Anne, Md. IN AN EXCELLENT NEIGHBORHOOD. 69 acres $2500 Water front for SO rods; 5 miles from county seat; 45 acres under cultivation, balance in wood- land and pasture; red claj- soil; fruit trees of all kinds; splendid land for all farm crops; 13 acres of wheat, a few acres of winter oats, all looking fine. Two-story, 4-room house; barn 18x28, poultry house, corn crib. etc. A lot of wealthy farmers all around in this section; one of the best neighbor- hoods in Maryland. One-half cash and easy terms. Princess Anne, Md. FARM WITH IMPROVEMENTS $10 AN ACRE. 100 acres $1000 Located 5 miles from county seat on main county road, in good neighborhood. Two-story house of 5 rooms, and some outbuildings; 40 acres cleared, bal- ance in woodland. Terms cash. Orchard set out. Princess Anne, Md. LARGE IMPROVED FARM AT .525 AN ACRE. 200 acres $5000 There are 5 acres of strawberries in fine condi- tion; abundance wood and timber; owner has re- fused $1,500 for the saw timber; it is estimated to be worth $2,.500; 8-rooni, 2-story house; fme shade; convenient stable, poultry house, tenant house, etc, in good order; advanced age cause of sale; only 1 Va miles out from R. R. village, on main road four miles from county seat. .$3,000 down and easy terms. Princess Anne. These properties, offered for sale in Maryland, are samples of many homes and farms for sale in Eastern States. In a majority of cases the properties are in good order but the younger mem- bers of the household being gone, the old people, or those in charge of the estate, are willing to sell at a sacrifice. Great numbers of people in the western and middle states, knowing the value and advantages of the old homes, are emigrating into the eastern states. Write to the Secretary of State for lists of real estate agents. ADV.INCED AGE OF OWNER C.\USE OF SELLING. 157 acres $4500 On main road between two large villages, only (J miles from Pocomoke City; 120 acres in cleared fields; balance wood and timber; 100 apple trees just coming into bearing; 4 acres in strawberries; 1,700 bushels of corn grown last year without fer- tilizer; 7-room house; barn 30x40, stable for horses. Buildings are very good and are insured for $1,500. Stock and tools at low price. Advanced age of owner cause of sale. One-half cash; balance easy terms. Princess Anne, Md. POSTOFFICE NEXT DOOR. 12 acres $1200 Located 9 miles from Princess Anne, in a little village. A dwelling of 6 rooms, hall and porch, painted; carriage house, stable and outbuildings; school and churches close; postofTice next door; country thickly settled; (30 acres of oyster ground can go with the farm; plenty of fruit. $1,000 cash; balance on time. Princess Anne. THRIVING VILLAGE AND NEAR SCHOOLS. 100 acres $1600 Seven miles from county seat, on a fine level road; close to good, thriving little village; good school and churches; 60 acres cleared, balance in wood and timber. Soil is red clay and a good quality; raises tine crops. The dwelling was burned down; some small buildings are left; in a fine neighborhood; some northern neighbors close by; '•■ mile to river, with right of way. $1,000 cash, time on balance. Princess Anne, Md. OWNER HAS NO USE FOR FARM. 28 acres $1100 A pleasant little hame in a good neighborhood, close to churches and school; 3 stores close b> ; 22 acres of good tillable land; a carload of lime used on the farm last year. A 2-8tory, 4-room house and 2 porches; new barn. 16x32; 4 stalls, carriage house, wagon shed, corn crib, poultry house; a fine place for poultry; 2ii miles from K. R. station; mail de- livered; 7" miles from Princess Anne on a nice level road. $700 down, time on balance. Owner has a store and has no use for the farm. Princess .\nnc, Md. YOUNG ORCHARD— DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUIT. 116 acres $1500 Located 6 miles from Princess Anne, on county road- l^i miles to store; 75 acres cleared, balance In wood land; a 5-room dwelling, and all necessary buildings for the farm. A young orchard ot dlfior- ent kinds of fruit; tine shade: mall delivered. e|. . $1,000 cash; balance to suit the hiiyer. I'nn.e.^s Anne, Md. 101 MASSACHUSETTS STATE AND THE 14 COUNTIES OF MASSACHUSETTS With Their Boundaries I.o- oa- COUNTIES Pop. tioii 1910 1 Berkshire. 105,259 2 Franklin. .43,600 3.... Hampshire. .63,327 4 Hampden. 669,915 5 Worcester . 399,657 « Middlesex. 669,915 7 Essex. 436,477 8 .'Suffolk. 731,388 9 Norfolk. 187,506 10 Bristol. 318,573 11 Plymouth. 144, 337 12.... Barnstable. .27,543 13 Dukes. . 4,504 14... Nantucket Total 3,366,410 Massachusetts Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Pop. Abington 11... 5 Acton 6. . . . Acton 6. . . . Acushnet 10 ... 1 Adams 1 . . 13 Adamsdale . . . .10. . . . Agawam 4. . .3 Alford 1 Allei-ton 11.... Amesbury 7. . .9 Amherst 3... 5 Andnyer 7... 7 Annisquam . . . .7. . . . Arlington 6. . 11 Arlington Hgts.6...1 .5.. . .6. . 2 .'.6.' .11. , .10. . .5 . .10. Ashburnham Ashby . . Ashfipld Ashland Assinippi Assnnet , Alhol . . Attlpboro AttlelKiro Falls.lO Auburn 5 Auburndale ... .6 Avon 9. . .1 Ayer 6 B Baldwinsville ..5...1 Ballard Vale. . . . 7 . . . . Bancroft 3. . . . *Barnstable ...12... 4 Barre 5 ... 2 Bay State 3.... Bay View 7. . . . Becket 1 . . . . Bedford 6. . .1 BeIcherto\vn ...3... 2 Bellingham . . . .9. . . . ,455 239 260 .063 ,036 206 ,501 275 360 ,894 ,112 ,301 506 ,187 ,908 801 865 593 ,597 363 ,194 ,536 ,215 ,062 ,006 ,163 901 ,797 ,994 532 233 ,676 ,957 447 306 784 ,158 .088 579 Lora. County Pop, Belmont 6. Berlin 5. Bernardston ...2. Beverly 7. Beverly Farms.. 7. Billerica 6. Blackinton ... .1 ... . Blackstone . . . ..5. . .5 Blandford 4.... Bolton 5. . . . Bondsyille 4. . .1 Boston (capital »8. 670 Bourne 12. . . . Boxford 7 . . . . Bradstrcet 3. . . . Braintree !> . . .8 Brant Rock. . . .11 . . . . Brewster IJ . . . . Bridgewator ..11.. 56; Briggsville 1 Brlmfield 4 Brockton 1 1.. 49 Brookfield 5. . .1 Brook line 9. .27 Brookville 9. . . . Bryantville . . .H . . . . Buckland 2. . .1 Burlington 6. . . . Buzzards Br;y. .1?. . . . Byfield 7 543 706 769 650 066 789 873 648 553 763 ,601 585 450 469 240 ,066 336 360 ,878 404 731 ,340 658 793 209 306 550 588 400 880 Cambridge 6.104 Canton 9. . .4 Canton Junction. 9. . . . Carlisle 6. . . . Carver 1 ! . . . . Caryville 9 . . . . Centerville . . . .12. . . . Central Village. 10. .. . Charlemont . . . .2. . . . Charlton 5. . . . .839 797 560 533 406 575 450 250 845 481 Lorn. Ciiunty Pop. Charlton City... 5 550 Charton Depot . .5. . . . 406 Chartley 10 803 Chatham 12... 1.000 Chelmsford 6... 5,010 Chelsea 8. .33,453 Cherry Valley . .5. . .1,354 Cheshire 1... 1,281 Chester 4... 1,307 Chesterfield 3 421 Chicopee 4. .35,401 Chicopee Falls. .4. . .8,350 Chilmark 13 322 Chiltonyille . . .11 565 Clarendon Hills. 9 389 Clarksburg 1 491 Cliftondale . . . . 7 . . .3,.500 Clinton 5. .13,075 Cochesett 11 795 Cochituate . . . .6 . . . 1,303 Cohasset 9...2,.585 Cold Brook 5.... 260 Coldbrook Springs .5. . . . 214 Colerain 2. . .1,209 Collinsville 6... 1,327 Concord 6. . .6,431 Concord Junc- tion 6... 1,839 Conway 2. . .1,340 Cordaville 5. . . . 250 Cotuit 13 606 Crescent Beach. 8. . 18.319 Cummington . . .3. . . . 744 D Dalton 1. . .3,568 Dana 5. . . . 330 Danvers 7... 9,407 Danyersport . . . 7 . . . 1,000 Dartmouth 10... 4,378 Davis 3 . . . . 205 Lorn. County Pop. *Dedham . . Deorfleld . . . Dennis Dennis Port. Dighton . . . . Dodge Dodgeville . Douglass Dover Dracut . . . . Dudley . . . . Dunstable . . Duxbury , . . . 9,284 1,094 . 306 . 608 . 950 . 250 . 2.50 . 602 . 536 3,461 4,267 . 412 . 906 East Acton 6. E. Blackstone. . .5. E. Braintree. . . .9. Bridgewater.il. Brookfield. . .5. Dedham 9. .13 ..5. .13. .10. . .3. . .3. .12. ..1. .6. Dennis Douglass. . Falmouth . . Freetown . . Hadley. . . . Easthampton E. Harwich. . . E. Lee E. Lexington. E. Long Meadow4. E. Mansfield. . .10. E. Milton 9. E. Northfield 2. Easton Eastondale . . . E. Orleans. . . . E. Pepperell. . E. Princeton. . E. Saugus. . . . E. Taunton... E. Templeton. .10. .10. .12. . .6. ..5. ..7. .10. . .5. . . 280 . . 290 .1,206 .3,363 . . 730 .3,674 . . 250 .1,500 . . 2.50 . . 200 . . 321 . 8,524 . . 250 . . 574 . . 831 .1.327 . . 260 .1,678 . . 781 .5,139 . . 373 . . 275 .2,509 . . 260 . . 953 .1.000 . . 750 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 102 ^ Town-s Massachusetts Cities and Villages with 1910 Popul Loca. Pop. ations E. Walpole 9. . . . 703 E. Wareham ... 11 ... . 350 E. Weymouth. . .9. . .3, .540 *Edgartown . ..13. .. 1,175 Enfield 3. . . . 833 Erving 2... 1,094 Essex 7... 1,067 Everett 6. .33,484 .10. ..5,132 .4 213 .10.119,295 ..12. ..3,144 . .2. . .5. . .3. . .6. . .9. . . 328 . . 510 . . 4.50 .1,365 . . 820 .1,160 37,826 . 1,930 . . 306 . 3,863 .6. .12,948 .9. . .5,641 280 5. .14,699 7. . .1,900 5. ..3,100 2 708 6 705 .2,975 34.398 . . 218 .5,705 . . 747 1,190 ..7. ..3. ..5. .3. .6. .4 735 Fairhaven Fairview .... *Fall River... Falmouth Farley Farnumsville Fayville Feeding Hills. FisherviUe . . . Fiskdale *Fitchburg- Florence .... Forge Village Foxboro .... Framingham Franklin ......._ Furnace 5 G Gardner Georgetown . . Gilbertville . . . Gill Gleasondale . . Globe Village. Gloucester Goshen Grafton Granby Graniteville . . Granville .... Great Barring- ^ ton 1... 5,936 Greenbush ....11.. 206 *GreenfleId ... .2. .16,431 Greenwich 3. . . . 364 Greenwood 6 ' 466 Gi'^ton 6..;i,852 Groveland 7... 2,086 H Hadley 3... 1,651 Halifax 11 494 Hamilton 7.... 733 Hampden 4. . . . 561 Hancock I. . . . 434 Hanover 11 86'' Hanson 11. '.'.'. 605 Hardwick 5 3 524 Harvard 5:;:.'848 Harwich l-> 691 Harwich Port . . 12. ! 1 ! 550 Hatfield 3. . .1,269 Haverhill . ... 7 44'li5 gawley 2.. '..'359 HaydenviUe 3... 1,096 Heath 3. . . . 343 Hebronville ...io'''806 Hingham 11... 4,965 Hmgham Centerll. . 760 Hinsdale l..!i,453 Holbrook '9 2'816 Holden 5..;i;i50 Holliston 6 *> 711 go'yoke 4..57I730 Hopedale 5... 3,048 Hopkinton 6.. 2,185 Hortonville . . . 10 506 Housatonic . . . . 1 . . . 3,361 Hubbardston . . .5 I'oiO Hudson 6... 6,743 . . 650 .1,306 .1.264 15,507 Toirns Loca. *Lawrence 7 . Lakeville . . ! . .il." Lee 1) Leeds '3] Leicester I5. Lenox ] 1 . Lenox Dale . . ...l. . . . 'hv2 Leominster . . . .5. . i7,580 Leverett 2. ! . . 406 85,893 . . 912 .4,106 .1,151 .3,337 3,060 4,918 . 386 . 558 . 564 1,364 Lexington 6. Leyden 2. . Lincoln .G. . Lincoln Station .6. ! Linwood 5..._„„, Littleton • ^6. ! '819 Littleton Com- ^ mon 6 405 Long Meadow... 4. 964 Long Plain 10. '231 *Lowell 6.106,294 Ludlow 4... 4, 948 Ludlow Center. .4. .'! .'559 Lynn 7.. 89,336 Lynnfield 7. . . . 445 Lynnfleld Center7. . . . 457 Lyonsville 3. . . . 356 M Magnolia 7 . . 865 Maiden 6. .44,404 Manchang Manchester Manomet Mansfield , Marblehead Marion .5. , . .7. . .11. , ..10. .7. .1,530 .3,673 . 590 5,183 7,338 . . 760 .3,292 22,019 .1,195 19,431 . 5,529 10... 9,562 Norfolk N. Abington. . N. Adams . . . N. Amherst . *Northampton N. Andover N. Attleboro '. N. Bellingham .9... '.'482 N. BUlenca . . .6 (;.>g Northboro 5. ' \ 7J7 Northbridge 5. . .8,'807 Northbridge • ".<>"< Center .- N. Brook field . .• N. Carver i| N. Chelmsford' " . 300 S,075 . 508 1,605 ^- S^na .-..■.■.'.'.587 N. Dartmouth N. Dighton . . |0 N. Eastham . . .12 N. Easton 10 N. Falmouth 13 Northfield . 2 Northfield Farms.2 ..11... 1,029 Marlboro 6.. 14,579 Marshfleld ... .11 Marshfield Hillsll. '. 588 . . 506 . . 303 . . 317 .1,080 .6,390 .3,466 6. .23,150 9.. .2,696 .6.. 1.5,715 .1 .11. .11. ..6. . .9 4,000 . 922 1,277 1,706 Hull 11 Huntington ... .3'. Hyannis 12 Hyde Park. ... 6 Indian Orchard. 4.. 6 153 Ipswich "...5,777 Jefferson 5... 1,176 K Kendal Green. . . Kingston Lancaster Lanesboro Lanesville .5.. .1., . .7. . . .591 .1,950 .1,406 . . 751 .1.606 Mashpee Matfield ... Mattapoisett Maynard .... Medfleld Medford Medway .... Jlelrose Melrose High lands 6. , Mendon 5. , Merrick 4. ' Merrimac 7.'!.. Methuen 7. . iiJ448 Middleboro ....11.] 8*314 Middlefleld .Sta. .3. . .' . '233 Middleton 7 ' ' 9''9 Milford 5!;i3,055 Millbury 5. . .4 740 Millers Falls 2 469 Millington 2...' .'252 Millis 9 750 Mill River 1.. 203 Millville 5... 1,935 Jlilton 9. . .7,924 INIittineague . . . .4. . !3,'931 Monson 4. . .4,758 Montague 2..!6,866 Montague City. .2. . . . 465 .1 444 .4 359 N. Grafton N. Hadley . . N. Hanover . N. Hanson . . N. Harwich . N. Leominster N. Middleboro N. Orange N. Oxford . . . N. Plymouth N. Raynham N. Reading. . N. .Scituate . . N. .Stoughton N. Truro .... N. Uxbridge N. Westport . , N. Weymouth N. Wilbraham N. Wilmington Norton . Norwell 1,500 .1.020 .. 300 .3,099 .. 350 . . 775 .. 214 .1,730 .. 345 . . 360 .. 200 JOS . .5. . .3. .11. .11. .12. . .5... 1,209 .11 360 . . 281 . . 705 .1,000 . . 562 . . 903 . 1 ,000 . . 272 . . 330 . . 552 . . 506 .. 908 .. 568 .. 366 .2,544 . 934 Uehoboth 10. 1 54^ g^Y""" ■• «. .18:219 Richmond 1... 41.-, Riverside 2. . 315 Rockdale 5. ! ' ,5(;l) Rochester ii ' ijjjjj Hock 11..'.'.' 460 Rockland l\ . . 6,92K Rockport "i-.-i^iix Rockville Rowe Rowley Royalston Royalston .Sta. Russell 322 . 527 1,288 . 383 . 628 630 Rutland 5... 1,206 S Sagamore 12., •Salem 7. Salisbury 7. , Salisbury Beach. 7., Sandisfield 1 . Sandwich 12. Saugus • 7. Saundersvillc . . 368 43,697 . . 840 . . 624 . . 281 .1,1.58 .8,041 20 Savoy 1 . . . . 357 . .5. .11. .10. . ..6. . .11. . . .9. . .13. . . .6. . .10. . ..9. . . .4. . .6. . .10. . Saxsonvillc Scituate Scotland . . Seaside . . . Seekonk . . Sharon .6.. 11.. 11. . 11. . 10. . 9. 2.000 .1,177 . . 206 .1,660 .1,91 J ,085 Sheffield 1... 1,627 Norwood 9..! 8,014 O Oak Bluffs 3... 1,138 Oakdale 5... 1,099 Oakham 5 305 Old Furnace. .. .5. ... 208 Monterey Montgomery Monument Beach . . . Mount Tom. Mundale . . . Myricks . . . . .12. ..4. . .4. , .10.. 250 223 203 649 N Onset Orange . Orleans . Osterville Otis Otter River ..11. ...2. .12.. .12. , ..1. . . 1,560 .5,283 . . 677 . . 505 . . 329 . .550 Nahant 7 972 Nantasket 9... 1,060 Nantucket 14... 2.963 Natick 6... 9,866 Needham 9. . .5,026 Xeedham Hghts.9. . . 1,.506 *New Bedford. 10. .96,6.52 Now Braintree. .5. . . . 477 Newburv 7 . . . . 551 *Newberrvport .7.. 14,949 New Lenox 1 . . . . 299 New Marlboro. .1 .... 692 New Salem 2. . . 271 Newton 6.. 39,806 Newton Cent -r. . 6. .. 6,066 Newton High- lands .6. . .3,990 Newton Lower Falls 6... 2,0.55 Newton Upper Falls 6... 3.506 Newtonville . . . .6. . .5,505 Nobscot 6. . . . 302 Oxford 5.. .3, 361 Palmer 4... 8,610 Paxton .... 5 444 Peabody l! 7. ! 15,721 gelham 3. . . . 460 Pemberton 11,. 5fii repperell 6. . . 2,«),53 Pepperell Sta. . .6. . .2„500 ^^™ • I .... 268 Petersham 5. . . . 605 Phillipston 5...! 271 Pigeon Cove.... 7.! <»5-; *Pittsfipld . . 1 3-i i.>i Plainfield 3 ' 'ajj.) Plainville 9 i ''»8-> ♦Plymouth ]l!!i2!l4i Plympton 11... 514 .11. .. 12. .. .9. . , 10. . 255 325 365 341 5 230 5... 1,056 3 206 5 607 3. . .4,369 Pl.\'mpton Pocasset Ponkapog .... I'ottersvillo . . . Pratts Junction Prescott Prescott Princeton Provincetown . Q Quinapoxet ....5.. 414 Quincy Adams. .9. .33 64-» Quissett 13 '200 B Randolph 9. . .4,301 Raynham 10... 1,106 Ra\nliam Sta. . 10. . . . 562 R'-ading 6... 5,818 Readville 9... 1,562 Shelburre Falls Sherborn 6. Shirley 6. Shirley Center.. 6. Shrewsbury ... .5. Shutesbury 2. Siasconset .... 14. Silver Lake 11. Sixteen Acres. . .4. Somerset .... Somerviile . . . .South Acton. . Southampton .S. Ash burn ham S. Ashfield . .. S. Attleboro . . S. Barre S. Berlin Southboro .... S. Braintree . . Southbridge . . .S. Carver . .* . . S. Chatham . . S. Chelmsford S. Dartmouth S. Deerfield S. Dennis .S. Dukesbury .S. Easton . . S. Egremont S. Essex 7. !>. Framingham 6. S. Groveland . . .7. S. Hadlev 3. .s. Iladley Falls. 3. . .3,31 1 Hamilton . . . .7. . . . 814 1,341 ... 983 .1,493 ... 200 .1,866 . . 374 .. 268 . . 2.5.5 . . 250 .2,798 77,336 . . 809 . . 937 .1.062 . . 263 . . 530 . . 4.50 . . 200 .1,031 .3,109 .5. .12,592 II 435 13 385 .6 395 10. . .1.218 .10. . .6. . .6. . .3. .5. . .2. .10. ..5. .9 .12., ..11., .10.. . . .1. , . 265 . 468 . 706 . 542 . 723 7,248 . 376 4,894 S. Hanover .s. Hanson . .S. Harwich S. Hingham S. Lancaster . . .11. . U.. 12. 11. . 5.. S. Lee 1. .S. Lincoln 6. S. Middleboro S. Natick . . S. Rehoboth . S. Royalston S. Sherborn S. Sudbury . , Southville ., S. Walpole 9 .s. Wareham ... 11 S. Wostport . . .10 .11 ..6. .10. . .5. . .6. ..6. 5. 622 . . 65.5 . . 360 .. 700 .1,080 . . 383 . . 564 . . 460 . . 609 . . 287 . . 628 . . 408 . . 708 . . 280 . . 300 . . 266 . . 200 Wymr.uth . . .9. . . 3..500 Southwick 4... 1,048 S. Yarmouth . . .3. . . . 590 Spencer 5. . .6.74!) •Springfield 4.. 88.936 Sterling 5. . . . 850 Sterling Jet 5.... 21.5 Still River 5. . . . iM Stockbrldge . . . . 1 . . . l.H;iH Stoneham 6...7.0!iO Stoughton 9... 6, 316 Stow 6. . . I.IOl. Sf'irl.ridcr.- .5 Hl» 103 Massachusetts Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. 1 Toirns Loca. Pop. Sudbury 6. Sunderland ....::. Sutton 5. Swampscott ....7. Swansea 10. Swansea CenterlO. T ♦Taunton 10. Tempest Knob. 12. Templeton 5. Tewksbury 6. Thorndike 4. Three Rivers... 4. Tolland 4. Topsfield 7. Townsend 6. Townsend Har- bor 6. Tremont 11 . Truro 12. Turners Falls... 2. Tyngsboro 6. Tyringham . . . .1. U Upton 5. Uxbridge 5. V Vineyard HavenlS. W Waban 6. Wakefield 6. , . . 309 . . 910 , .3,078 .6,204 . . 550 , . . 564 .34,259 , . . 350 ..3,756 ..3,750 ..1,373 ..1,191 ...274 ..1,095 . . . 968 . . 304 . . 350 . . 340 .5,115 . . 768 . . 314 ...877 .4,671 .1,108 . . . 500 .11,404 Wales .4. .. 645 Walpole .9. .4,892 Walthan .6. .27,834 Wamesit .6. . . . 300 Waquoit 12. . . . 460 Ward Hill fj . . . 400 3 ..8,774 Wareham 11. . .4,402 Warren .5. ..4,188 •^ . . . 527 Washington . . .1. . . . 339 Watertown .6. .12,875 WaterviUe . . . .5. . . . 632 Waverly .6. ..1,531 Wavland .... .6. ...917 Webster .5. .11,509 Wellesley .... .9. ..5,413 Wellesley Hills .9. ..2,464 Wellfleet 12. . . . 858 Wendell .2. . . . 228 Wendell Depot .2. . . . 201 Wenham .7. ...814 W'est Acton.. .6. . . . 720 W. Auburn. . . .5. . . . 265 W^. Barnstable 12. . . . 308 W. Berlin ..5. . . . 220 Westboro .... .5. ..5,446 W. Boylston. . .5. ...571 W. Brewster. . 12. . . . 200 W. Bridgewate rll. ..1,211 W. Brookfield. ..5. ..1,384 W. Chatham.. 12. . . . 250 W. Chelmsford ..6. . . . 560 Towns Loca. Pop. W. Cummington3. . . . 225 W. Dennis 12 666 W. Dudley 5... 1,263 W. Duxbury...ll 4.50 W. Falmouth.. 12 275 Westfield 4.. 16,044 West ford 6... 2,85 1 W. Groton 6 460 Westhampton . .3. . . . 466 W. Hanover. . .11 .... 554 W. Mansfield. .10. ... 508 W. Medford 6. . .4,300 W. Medway 9.. .1,250 W. Millbury 5 521 Westminster ...5 998 Westminster Depot 5 350 W. Newbury 7... 1,405 W. Newton 6... 7,000 Weston 6... 1,500 W. Orange 2.... 223 W. Peabodv 7 308 W. Pittsfield 1 460 Westport 10... 2,928 Westport Point.lO 305 West Rutland... 5 490 W. Springfield. .4... 9,224 W. Stockbridge.l. . . . 955 W. Stoughton. . .9 406 W. Sutton 5 200 W. Tisbury 13 357 W. Townsend... 6 500 W. Upton 5... 1,147 Towns Loca. Pop. W. Wareham. W. Warren . . . W. Whately. . . Westwood Wcvmouth Whately White Valley. Whitins Whitinsville . Whitman .... Wilbraham . . . Wilkinsonville Williamsburg Williamstown Williamstown Station .... Willimansett . Wilmington . , Winchendon . . .5. Winchendon Springs 5. Winchester . . . .6. Windsor 1. Winthrop Centers. Woburn 6 Woods Hole.., 12 Woodville 'Worcester Woronoco Worthlngton „ Wrentham 9 Y Yarmouth Portl2 .11. ..5. , .11.. ..4. , .5. . ..3., .1.. ..1. . .4. ..6. ..6. .5. .4. .3. .. 350 .1,193 .. 366 .. 927 12,895 . . 350 .. 208 .1,364 ,.4,309 ,.7,292 ..1,140 , . . 460 . . . 847 .3,708 . . . 764 ..1,451 ..1,370 ..5,678 ..1.660 . .9,309 . . . 457 .10,132 .15,303 . . . 408 ... 360 145,986 . . . 423 ...341 ..1,203 665 MASSACHUSETTS A GREAT MANUFACTURING REGION AND HIGH CLASS OF PEOPLE. One purpose of this volume is to give information to people living: in cities and others who wish to change their place of residence, and particularly to where land may be obtained to good advantage. In our presentation of opportunities for families in getting support we are absolutely impartial. We have not the slightest pecuniary interest in any region of the country we describe. We are gov- erned therefore by no bias in favor of any particu- lar locality. Our mission is simply to present the merits of all states, tell the extremes of climate, describe each locality spoken of truthfully and leave readers to be their own judge as to where they had better go. Then, before buying go and see the property. We aim to give the general geography of every state, the location of every county, and with this, location of every government land office, agricul- tural college, capital of the state and public institu- tion, where further information may be obtained by correspondence with superintendents of these insti- tutions. We have made a specialty in this work of giving the location and population of every county in the United States, that the land seeker, might, besides corresponding with the Secretary of State, write to County authorities and get the facts about any particular locality. We will say here, what we repeat elsewhere, to get a prompt "answer the enquirer should always en- close a prepaid envelope, with name and address on same. When leaving a city, as we said of another manu- facturing State, the family is not always desirous of leaving for the sake of going upon a farm. They may wish to change abode for the purpose of sur- rounding the children with different associations. They may wish to change the home to get eniplo.v- ment in some kind of manufacturing industry or other employment. Besides agricultural possibilities we speak generally of the industrial conditions of a State. This brings us to a consideration of the oppor- tunities for new settlers in the State of Massachu- setts. In the beginning it may be said that this is not an agricultural but a manufacturing state. And vet people wishing to get themselves beautiful homes amid picturesque New England scenes will find many chances for profitable investment in every county in the state. If desirous of owning many acres or a small tract of land, in any county, open correspondence with one or more real estate agents, get descriptions and photographs of various prop- erties in the market for sale, and after seeing them determine if any of them is what you want. There are numerous highly fertile valle.vs in the State in which market gardening can be carried forward with profit. A two or three weeks' visit to this region would reveal all that. But possibly the land seeker is principally intent upon finding, with a rural home, the opportunity for employment in some manufacturing industry. If so this is a superior region for that purpose. In proportion to its size Massachusetts is far ahead of any State in the Union in factory production, as shown in the fact that there are in this State about 400,000 wage earners employed in factories. THE MANY RAPID FLOWING RIVERS. There are various reasons for this being a great factory center. In the first place the maps enumer- ate 190 rivers in this small state. Many of these are branches of larger rivers, yet all of them are so rapid in flow as to give power. Second, with over 300 miles of sea coast, providing numerous harbors for incoming raw material and outgoing manufactured product to the great markets of the world, there is superior chance to get the raw ma- terial in and the manufactured product out, to the world. Third, accessibilit.v to the millions of people on the .\tlantic coast that have to buy goods; and fourth, long years of experience in getting factories established and finding avenues of trade. ALWAYS FIND OPPORTUNITY BY SEARCHING. It is reasonable to suppose that with the immense call for population to go West, the ranks of these 400,000 workers in factories will be often broken, and there will be ample opportunity to find factory employment in this State at any time of the year. A brief enumeration of goods made in Massachu- setts includes the finest of carpets, silks, woolens, cottons, paper, shoes, matches, cutlery, agricultural implements, tools, silverware, bronzes, whips, drugs, chemicals, clocks and other goods much too numer- ous to mention. Attracted by the high culture of the people, by the many educational advantages, by the opportu- nity for" making of beautiful homes in the midst of charming scenery, great numbers of people, who have been well over the world, are going to the rural, picturesque uplands and pleasant valleys of Massachusetts to spend the last years of life. PRICES OF REAL ESTATE IN MASSACHUSETTS. We give elsewhere a list of some properties for sale in Massachusetts, which may be considered an average of hundreds of properties in the market. 104 Massachusetts Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises New England Properties for Sale Altitude. Highest in tlie State, Mt. Greylock, in the extreme northwest part of the State, in Berk- shire Co., 3,400 feet high. Climate. Average annual January temperature at Boston 26 above. Average July 71. Extremes, 1U3 above and 13 below. Average annual rainfall, 4.") inches. Dimensions. Extreme length of State, 110 miles; extreme width, 190 miles. Agricultural College. Amherst. .^^'f^'"'y- Fii'st permanent settlements made by the Pilgrims at Plymouth, 1G20; by the Puritans at ??i.?"^' 1 **-** : al Boston, 1(;30. King Phillip's war, lOio. Witchcraft trials at Salem, l(;!)-j. twenty per- sons executed. First newspaper, •■Public Occur- rences" in Boston, 1C90. "Boston .News Letter" funded 1704. Published till 1776. Boston massacre, 1770. Boston Tea Party, 1773; value tea destroyed. •t; 100,000. Battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill. 1775. PRICES OF SMALL rAR3IS AND VILLAGE PROPERTIES IN MASSACHUSETTS. Although this state is densely populated, it is seen, from these items, which we cut from a real estate advertising sheet, that liomes can be obtained here at reasonable prices. For values on farm properties write to Secretary of States for list of real estate dealers in Massachusetts. NORFOLK COUNTY, 3IASS. West Medway is located on the Woonsocket divis- ion of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, only 27 miles from Boston; commutation $26 per quarter. Take train leaving South Station, J3oston, or River Street Station, Woonsocket, R. I. West Medway is a town of about 1,600 people. It has good graded grammar and high schools, elec- tric lights, trolley cars, woolen mill, slioe, straw and box factories. It is surrounded by prosperous manufacturing and farming towns, and as prices are steadily advancing, it is one of the most desir- able localities in which to purchase property. West Medway — 15 Acres— $4,200. This is a beautiful country home, as you can readily see by glancing at the above picture. The house is well worth $.5,000, but the owner is in ill health and must sell at once, therefore he offers it at a bargain. Located % cf a mile from stores, postoffice, depot, etc. The land is nicely adapted to gardening and fruit raising; there is now a fine lot of plums, pears, grapes, blackberries and straw- berries in bearing; 2.5 to 50 apple trees. The house contains 11 rooms, is heated by furnace; the rooms are light and airy, and surroundings are pleasant. Price only $4,200; $1,000 can remain on mortgage. West Medway — 3 Acres — $2,500. Three minutes' walk to depot and electric cars; 50 minutes' ride to Boston; fine 2-story house, 11 rooms, with a chance to finish 3 more; heated by furnace; nice wide piazza (see cut); small stable; all in perfect repair; very pretty elm and maple shade; 10 minutes' walk from the Charles River; 3 apple trees, 1 cherry, 2 pear, 1 quince; fine large garden. Only $2,500; y^ down, balance on mort- gage at 5 per cent. West Medford— 40 Acres — $2,100. Productive farm, and very attractive set of build- ings; 15 acres in smooth level fields; 10 acres in pasture; 15 acres in wood; some pine timber; 100 barrels of apples in season; raspberries, blackberries, good asparagus bed. The house is 1% stories, con- tains 7 rooms, and sets well back from the street, with fine shady lawn; barn 30x40, with basement and tie-up for 5 cows; wood shed; 2 poultry houses, that will accommodate 100 hens; within 1 H miles of village; mail delivery; few steps to neighbors. You can make money here keeping poultry and raising vegetables. Only $2,100; $600 down. West 3Iedwa.v — SVs Acres— $2,000. Fine large house arranged for 2 families; upper part can always be rented if desired (see cut). The rooms are large and light; house contains 10 rooms; water supply by wells; poultry house 13x16; in wide-awake village, where there is a ready market for poultry, berries, vegetables, etc. You can keep several hundred hens, and raise 2 or 3 acres of garden truck each year. There are 12 apple and 6 pear trees; plenty of cherries, grapes, peaches, cur- rants, etc., for home use. To make a quick sale price has been reduced to only $2,000; »/i cash. Possession in 15 days. West Medway — 2V^ Acres — $1,800. This is one of those nice, clean, comfortable look- ing homes that you have often wished you owned. Very pleasant surroundings; level lawn; nice walk, and on a good street. House contains 12 rooms, with bath; well with force pump, that forces water to tank in attic; barn 20x12, clapboarded walls; 2 poultry houses; brooder house, very warm. House is finished in natural wood; rooms are well papered and painted; located right in the village md few steps to everything. The owner has business else- where and to insure iminediate sale has reduced his price to $1,800; only $900 down, the balance on easy terins. West Medway— % .\cre — $1,800. Large house witli store on one side (see cut) ; located in prosperous village. There is a fine chance to sell building lots, as the land fronts on the street for many rods; 15 rooms, besides store, any number of which can be rented; wood shed and hen house; elm shade; few minutes' walk from depot and trolley cars. This is an exceptionally good opportunity to secure a good home and small store. Price only $1,800; $600 down, balance on easy pay- ments. West Medway — i Acres— $1,700. One of the nicest little homes that you could de- sire; located right in the village on main street, just the place for a carpenter or mechanic; house contains 5 rooms and is supplied with well water by a pump in the kitchen; barn 22x30; poultry house 10x40, where the present owner has been making money keeping fowls; the land is level and easily worked; abundance of apples, pears, plums, peaches and raspberries in good bearing conclition. Only $1,700; .$300 down, balance on mortgage. Now is your opportunity before some wideawake fellow gets this before you. Such places sell quickly. West Medway— 3 .\cre8 — $1,300. Productive small farm on main street; trolleys pass it; Vi mile to stores, schools, churches, etc.; same distance to factory and the best of markets. The house is well built and contains 5 rooms. There are 2 poultry houses and a good chance to build more; apple, plums, pears and grapes for home use; the land is level and excellent for raising all garden crops. Plenty of employment to be had in the vil- lage. West Medway— 2 .\cres— $1,100. A good poultry farm is a small gold mine, ir-r.^ is one of them. This house is 2 stories, 10 ro<>n)s, with piazza; water supply by well; barn 15x20, clap- board walls; poultry house 50 feet long; 2 acns good garden land; 12 apple trees, 2 pears. 2 cherries; raspberries; located in village, few steps to railroad station and trolley cars. This is a house that would cost $2,000 to build and with the exception of needing a little paint and paper it is in good condition. The owner is very anxious to sell, and has reduced the price to $1,100: only f'-i"" down, and the balance, payable in Installments ••( $50 a year, with interest. MASSACHUSETTS HEAI TH AND PLE.VSURE RESORTS Swampscott, Mass. — This favorite resort of Bos- touians is 1 mile beyond the village of Lynn. II has three ,sea-beaches, and picturesque headlands. elegant villas, safe and excellent bathing, and is everywhere indicative of wealth and fashion. In a business point of view it has a large trade in fresh fish — principally cod and haddock — caught in the vicinity by residents, and forwarded to market. Oak RluflTs (Martha's Volneyard) Mass. religious summer resort is controlled by li. whose tabernacle will seat 5,000 persons. Tli rounding grounds have been attractively imp and it is estimated that 25.000 visitors arriv depart during the season. Martha's N'ineyard island 21 miles long by 6 milts wide, between and the mainland flows Vineyard Sound, 4 wide. —This I-.tlL^tS, (1, rf and is ar whii li miles 105 MICHIGAN STATE AND THE 83 COUNTIES OF MICHIGAN With Their Boundaries LA ^ y (PEiii^i ^3^ aaO .tte 05 UPe*? 'Oi? iMICIHGAN 2 r' ! 5 r' C^/¥^^4 I 6 7r T -1 13 12 15 -1:: L61 17 1 !2(l^if^j2; •- + Location and Population of MICHIGAN COUNTIES Lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1 Gogebic. 23, 333 2 ... Ontonagon.. 8,65«» 3 Houghton. .88,098 4. . . . Keweenaw. . 7,156 5 Baraga. . 6,127 6 Iron.. 15,164 7 Dickinson. .20,524 g Marquette. .46,739 9.... Menominee. .25,648 10 Alger. . 7,675 11 Delta.. 30,108 12 Schoolcraft. . 8,681 13 Luce. . 4,004 14 Mackinac . . 9,249 15 Chippewa . . 24,472 16 Emmet . . 18,561 17 Cheboygan.. 17,272 18...Presque Isle.. 11, 249 19 Charlevoix. .19,157 20 Antrim. .15,692 21 Otsego. . 6,552 22.. Montmorency.. 3,755 23 Alpena. .19,965 24 Leelanau. .10,608 25 Benzie. .10,638 26. Grand Traverse. .23,784 27 .... Kalkaska. . 8,097 28 .... Crawford. . 3,934 29 Oscoda. .17,889 Towns Loca 30 Alcona. 31 Manistee. 32 Wexford. 33 Missaukee. 34... Roscommon. 35 Ogemaw. 36 Iosco. 37 Mason . 38 Lake. 39 Osceola. 40 Clare. 41 Gladwin. 42 Arenac. 43 Oceana. 44 Newaygo. 45 Mecosta. 46 Isabella. 47 Midland. 48 Bay. 49 Huron. 50 Muskegon. 51 Ottawa. 52 Kent. 53 Montcalm. 54 Gratiot. 55 Saginaw. 56 Tuscola. 57 Sanilac. 58 Ionia. 59 Clinton. 60. . . . Shiawassee. 61 Genesee. 62 La Peer. 63 St. Clair. 64 Allegan. 65 Barrv . 66 Eaton. 67 Ingham. Pop. . 5,703 .26,688 .20,7(i!> . 10,606 . 2.274 . 8,907 . 9,753 .21,832 . 4,939 .17,889 . 9,240 . 8,413 . 9,640 .18,379 .19,220 .19,4()(! .23.0i!» .]4,0(),-, .68,2S8 .34.7.->8 .40.577 .45,301 1.59,14.-) .32,069 .28,820 .89,290 .34,913 .33,930 .33,550 .23,159 . 33.246 .64,-555 .26,033 .52,341 .39,819 .22,633 . 30,499 .53,310 4,.... . . . ^Wlj34i33!34!35!3 ^ ;lp7l38 ^3914041]?^^. 3 =^^"^l|52!54 59160^ i:?2r6 64|G5,'66r67j68i697i llllZl 73j74 iis'^e^Tmr^oji BWa ; ® MO® ^ < ^ 5 Tonus Loca. Pop. 68.... Livingston . .17,736 69 Oakland. .4,),576 70 Macomb. .32,606 71 Van Buren. .33,185 72..., Kalamazoo . .60,427 73 Calhoun. .56,638 74 Jackson. .53,426 75. . . Washtenaw. .44,714 76 Wayne. 531,590 T :wns Loca. Pop. 77 Berrien . .56,622 7-t Cass.. 20,624 79 St. .Joseph.. 25,499 80 Branch. .25,605 81 Hillsdale. .29,673 82 Lenawee. .47,907 83 Monroe. .32.917 Total 2,810.173 Michigan Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations. Touns Loca. Pop. Toicns Alma Loca. Pop. . .3,757 Toictis Au Gres .... Loca. . . 42 . Pop. A .. 252 Ada !>2 . . . . 390 Almont . . . . . . 62 . . . . 675 Augusta .... 72 . .. 464 Adair . . . 63. . . . 214 * Alpena . . .. .23. .12,706 Au Sable .26. .. 648 Addison 82. . . . 474 Alston .... 3. ..1,092 Averill . .47. . . 340 ♦Adrian 82 . .10,763 Alto . . .52. .. 350 Avoca .63. . . 2.50 Ahmi-ek 4. . . . 766 Amasa .... 6. ..418 Axin .32. .. 516 Akron . . . 56. . . . 475 Anchorville ... 63 . . . . 420 B Alabaster ....36. . . 619 Anderson . ... 68 . . . . 209 Bagnall .32. . . 250 Alanson 16. . . . 473 *Ann Arbor . ..75. .1,487 Bailev .50. . . 3.50 Alaska .52 . . . . 344 Arcadia . . . ...31. .. 403 Bainbridge .47. .1,590 Alba 20 . . . . 692 Armada . . .70. .. 748 ♦Baldwin .38. . . 502 73. . .5,833 Ashland .. Ashlev ...44. ...54. . .1,.523 . . 513 Baltic Bancroft .... ..3. .60. .2, .500 Alden 20 . . . . 628 . . 543 Alger . . . 42. . . . 250 Ashton . . . . . ..39. . . 209 Bangor .71. .1,158 Algonac . 63. ..1,204 Athens . . . ...73. . . 631 Bannister . . .54. .. 481 *Allegan . 64 . . .3,419 ♦Atlanta . . ...22. . . 250 Baraga .5. .1,071 Allen 81. . . . 550 Atlantic M ne. .3. ..2,023 Barker Creek ..27. . . 280 Allendale 51. . . . 208 Attica .... ...62. . . . 499 Bark River. . .11. .. 709 AUonez . . 4. ..1,103 Auburn . . . ...48. . . . 309 Baroda .77.. .. 243 Toicns Liica. Pop. Barryton 45 ... .411 Bath 59 317 Battle Creek. . .73. .25,267 ♦Bay City 48.. 45, 166 Bay Mills . . . .15. . . . 290 Bayshore 19. . . . 300 Bayside 48. . . . 300 Beacon 8... 1,078 Bear Lake 31 504 Beavertown . . .41. . . . 418 Bedford 73 225 Beach 76 241 Belding 58... 4, 118 ♦Bellaire 20... 1,050 Bellville 76 486 Bellvue 66 9.30 Bennington . . .60. . . . 265 Benton Harbor.77. . .9,185 Benzonia 25. . . . 563 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 106 Michigan Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Tow IIS Lorn. Pop. Bergland Berlin JBerrieii Center. Berrien Springs *BesseiTier . Beulah .... Big Bay.... Big Beavei-. *Big Rapids Bingham . . Birch Birmingham Blanchard Blaney .... Bliss Blissfleld . . Bloomingdale Boardman Boon Borland Boyne City. Boyne Falls Breckenridge Breedsville . Bridgeport Bridgeton Bridgman Brighton Briniley . . . Britton .... Bronson Brooklyn Brown City. Buchanan Buckley Burlington . Burnips Corners . . Burr Oak. . . Burt Butternut . . Buttersville Byron Byron Center. ..56. .49. . .50. .56. ..■:8. . . •^4 . . .53. . .9. Cadillac 32 Caledonia 52 California 80 Calumet 3 Cambria 81 Camden 81 Capac 63 Carlton 83 Carlton Center. 65 Carney *Caro Carrollton Carson City . . Carsonville . . Cascade .... Caseville .... Casnovia .... Cass City.... *Cassopolis Cedar Cedar Lake. . Cedar River. . . ._ Cedar Run 25. Cedar Springs.. 52. Cement Citv...82. *Centerville ...79. Central Lake.. 20. Ceresco 73. Champion 8. Channing .7. ♦Charlevoix . . .19. ♦Charlotte 66. Chase 38. Chassell 3. Chatham 10. •Cheboygan ...17. Chelsea 75. Chesaning . . . .55. Chippewa Lake. 45. Clare .... Clarion . . Clarkston Clarksville Clawson Claybanks Clayton . . Clearwater Clifford . . Climax Clinton . . Clio Clyde Coalwood .40. 19. 69. ... 58 . 69 . 43. . . . . 82 . . '. '.62! . . . . 72 . . . . . 82 . 61. 69. 10. . . 211 . . 304 . . 209 . . 880 .4,583 . . 420 . . 308 . . 209 .4.519 . . 811 . . 609 .1,607 . . 219 . . 250 . . 252 .1,474 . . 501 . . 524 . . 304 . . 506 .5,218 . . 325 . . 595 . . 219 . . 305 . . 767 . . 250 . . 781 . . 500 . . 370 .1,020 . . 602 . . 690 .1,831 . . 464 . . 237 . . 206 . . 752 . . 200 . . 250 . . 300 . . 427 . . 406 ..8,375 . . . 422 . . . 209 .32,845 . . . 350 . . .392 . . . 761 . . . 506 . .1,309 . . . 410 ..2,272 ..2,208 . . . 808 . . . 401 . .1,209 . . . 442 . . . 308 . .1,120 . .1,358 . . . 406 . . . 206 . . . 509 . . . 260 , . . 947 . . . 509 . . . 613 . . . 813 . . 350 , .2,500 . . 506 .2,420 , . 4.886 . . . 209 , . . 750 . . . 750 . . 6,859 . .1.764 .1,363 . . . 309 . .1,3.50 . . . 200 . . . 345 . . 375 . . 206 . . 372 . . 542 . . 308 . . 425 l.OII . . 810 .. 209 . . 280 Touiis Lorn. Pop. *Coldwater Coleman Colonia Colon Columbiaville Commerce Conistock .... Comstock Pk. . Concord Conklin Constantine Cooks Cooper Coopersville . . Copemish .... Coral Corrinne *Corunna .... Covert Cross Village. Croswell Crump Crystal ♦Crystal Falls. Culver Custer D ..5,945 . . . 909 .. . 701 . . . 853 . . . 369 . . . 250 . . . 206 ... 309 . . . 543 . . . 200 . .1,244 . . . 820 . . . 250 ...814 . . . 490 . . . 509 . . . 250 . .1,384 . . . 325 . . . 506 ..1,820 . . . 350 . . . 326 ..3,775 . . . 290 ...277 . 9 . . 228 Dansville . . . .67. ... 349 Davis .70. ... 209 Davisburg . . .69. ... 306 Davison .... .61. ... 673 Dearborn .76. ...911 Decatur .71. ..1,286 Deckerville . . .57. . . . 628 Deerfleld .82. . . . 443 Defiance .11. . . . 200 Deford ...... .56. ... 260 Delaware Mine.. 4. ... 269 Delhi Mills .. .75. . . . 200 Delta .66. . . . 275 Delton .65, ... 308 Demmon ..3. . . . 209 ♦Detroit .76. 465,766 Deward .28. ... 390 De Witt ..59. ... 450 Dexter .75. . . . 726 Dice ..55. . . . 362 Dick .15. . . . 209 Dighton .39. . . . 460 Dimondale . . . .66. . . . 341 Diorite . .8. . . . 460 Dollar Bay... ..3. ..1,809 DoUarville . . . .13. . . . 460 Dorr .64. . . . 392 Douglas .64. . . . 485 Dowagiac . . . .78. ..5,088 Dravton Plains. 69. . . . 320 Drenthe .51. . . . 662 Drummond .15. ... 306 Dryden .62. .. . 371 Dundee .83. . .1,070 Durand .60. ..2,315 E Eagle Harbor. ..4. ... 576 East Grand Rapids .... .42. . . . 893 East Jordan . .19. ..2,516 Eastlake .... .31. . .8,062 East Lansing. .67. ... 306 Eastport .20. . . . 209 East Sauga- tuck .64. . . . 362 East Tawas. . . .36. ..1,452 Eaton Rapids. .66. ..2,094 Eau Claire... .17. . . . 307 Ecorse .76. .1,063 Edmore .53. . . . 752 Edwardsburg .78. . . . 509 Elk Rapids . . .20. ..1,672 Elkton .49. . . . 553 Ellsworth .20. . . . 375 Elm Hall ..54. . . . 362 Elmira .21. . . . 590 Eloise .76. . . . 792 Elsie ..59. . . . 592 Emmett .63. . . . 292 Empire .24. . . . 578 Erie .83. . . . 350 ♦Escanaba . . . .11. .13,194 Essexville .... .48. . .1.477 Eureka ..59. . . 208 Everett .39. .1,386 .2 .. 350 F Fairfax 79. .. 280 Fairfield .82. .. 350 Fairgrove .... ,56. .. 437 ToKiiis Fair Haven. Fargo .... Farmington Farwell . Fennville Fenton Ferrysburg Fife Lake. Filter Citv. Flat Rock. ♦Flint Flushing . Ford City Ford River. Forestville Foster City Fostoria Fountain Fowler Fowlerville Frankenlust . Frankenmuth Frankfort . . . Eraser Freda Frederic .... Freeland .... Freeport .... Free Soil. . . . Fremont .... Frontier .... Fruitport Fulton G Gagetown Gaines Galesburg . . . . Galien Garden Garnet Gatesville ♦Gaylord Germfask . . . . , Gert Gilead Girard Gladstone ♦Gladwin Glen Arbor . . . Glen . . . Gobleville Graafschap . . . Grand Blanc . . ♦Grand Haven. Grand Ledge. . . Grand Marias. . ♦Grand Rapids. Granville Grant Grass Lake. . . . Grattan Grawn ♦Grayling Greengarden . . Greenland . . . . Greenville . . . . Gregory Grind Stone City Groscap Grosse Isle. . . . Grosse Pointe. . Grosse Point Farms Grosspoint Pk.. Gwinn .63. .63. . 69 . .40. .64. .61. .51. . . 362 .. 390 . . .564 . . .522 . . 533 .2,331 . . 450 26 340 31 .592 76 650 61. .38,550 61 938 .76.. .11. . .57.. . .7. . .1,689 . . 793 . . 234 . . 396 .56 408 .37 250 ..59 476 .68 905 .48 -^08 .55 693 ..55. . .1,.555 .70 220 . .3 500 .28 400 .55 4.50 . . 460 . . 250 .44. ..2,009 .81 225 ..50 330 .72 350 .65. .37. . . 3.58 . . 238 . . 656 . . 405 , . . 497 . . 250 . . 890 .1,538 12 210 83 226 80 808 80 250 11 421 988 41. 24., 64. 71. . 64.. 61. 390 362 537 209 360 51. ..5,8.56 66.. .2,893 10. ..2,500 52.112,5 680 428 ... 760 ..1,200 . . . 250 . .1,775 ... 250 ..1.509 . .4,045 . . . 250 49 462 14 225 76 700 76 830 76 862 76 290 .8... 1,093 H . 62 . , Hadley .... Haff Halfway . . . Hamburg . . Hamilton . . Hamtramck Hancock . . . Hanover . . . Harbor Beach. 49.. Harbor Springs. 16. , Harriette 32 . . Harris .... ♦Harrison . , ♦Harrisville ♦Hart Hartford 71. Hartland 68. Haslett 67. ♦Hastings 6.5. Hemlock 55. Henrietta 74. .70. . .68. . , 64 . . . 7(i. . ..3. . .74. . .40. .30. .43. . . 325 . . 250 . . 706 . . 250 ! 3, .5.59 .8,981 . . 364 . 1 .556 .1,805 . . 33(i . . 290 . . 543 . . 141 .1.5.55 .1,268 . . 215 . . 200 .4,383 . . 2.50 . . 293 7'oi(;i.s- Loan. Poji. Herman Ilerinansville ♦Hcrsey llesperia . . . Hessil Highland . . Highland ♦Hillsdale Hilltop . Holland Holly ... ilolt 67 Holton .50 Homer 73 Homestead . . . .25 Honor 35 .9. 29. 43. 14., 69 . Park. 76. . 69 . . 64 . .74. . .3. ..53. .68. Hopkins .... Horton ♦Houghton . . Howard Citv. ♦Howell ...". Hubbard Lake.23. Hubbardston ..58. Hubboll 3. Hudson 82. Hudsonville . . .,51 . Humboldt 8. . . 300 .1,200 . . 310 . . 462 . . 260 . . 398 .4,120 .5,001 . . 225 10,490 .1,537 . . 350 . . 300 . 1 ,008 . 1 ,009 . . 509 . . 400 . . 379 .,5,113 . 1,046 .2,388 .. 290 . . 450 . 1 ,059 .2,178 . . 362 .. 263 Ida Imlay City. . . . Indian River. . Ingalls Inkster Intirlochen ♦Ionia ♦Iron Mountain. 7. Iron River 6. Iron wood 1. Isabella 11 . Ishpeming 8. ♦Ithaca 54. .83. . .62. .17. . .9. .76. . .26. ..,58. ♦Jackson Jacobsville . . Jamestown. . . Jasper Jenison Jennings .... Johannesburg .lones Jonesville ... Joyfield , ♦Kalamazoo ♦Kalkaska Kaukawlin Karsarge . Kent City. Kenton . . . Kinde .... Kingsley . . , Kingston Kipling . . . Kretan . . . , K .82. .51. .33. .21. .78. .81. Laingsburg Lake ♦Lake City . . T,,ake Linden. Lake Odessa. Lakeview . . . I,ake Wood . . . Lamb Lamont ♦L'.Xnse .... Lansing (capitol). . ♦La Peer. ... Laramie .... La Rocque. . . I.aurlum . . . , L.Twrenco ... Lawton Legrand .... ♦Leiaiid Lenox Leonard .... Li'onidas . . . . , I.e Roy I^eslie Levering Lewlston . . . . Lexington Libert v Linden LInwood LltchHeld .11. .15. .60. .40. .33. . .3. .58. ..53. .16. .63. .51. 223 '. i,T7'4 . . 350 . . .524 . . 206 . . . 509 . .5,030 , .9,216 , .2,4,50 .12,821 . . . 200 ,12,448 , .1,876 .31,433 . . 800 . . . 300 , . . 2.50 , . . 309 . 1,200 . . 762 . . 200 .1,.396 .. 338 .39,437 . .1,415 . . . 250 . . . 869 . . . 467 . . . 509 . . . 360 . . . 499 . . . 302 . . . 480 . . . 200 . . . 703 . . . 293 .740 ..2,235 . .1,222 . . . 954 . . 296 . . 292 . . . 409 . . . 708 .67. .62. .15. .18. . .3. .71. .71. .17. .24. .70. .69. .79. .39. .67. .16. .74. . .61. .48. . .81. . .31,229 . . 3,046 . . . .570 . . . 209 .8.537 , . . 663 ..1.042 , . . 250 . . 406 . . 350 . . 313 . . .i'Mt . 331 .1,032 . . 350 . . 550 . . 519 . . 206 . . 29.1 . . 660 10: Michigan Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Lora. Pop. Long Rapids. Loomis Loretto Lott . . . Lowell . Lucas ♦Ludington Lum . . . Luther Lyons M .23. .46. . .7. .30. .52. .33. .37. .62. .38. .58. .33. .53. .13. .14. .17. .70. .82. .20. .75. .31. .12. 32. McBain . . McBrides McMillan Maclvinac Island . Mackinaw Macomb . Macon . . . Mancelona Manchester *Manistee . *Manistique Manton . . . Maple City. . . .24 Maple Rapids.. 59 Marcellus 78 Marenisco 1 Marine City. . .63 Marion 39 Marlette 57 ♦Marquette ... .8 ♦Marshall Martin . . . Marysville * Mason . . Mass .... Matherton Mattawan Maybee . . Mayville . Mears Mecosta Melvin . . . Memphis Mendon . . Menominee Meridian Merrill . . . Mesick Metamore Metropolitan Michigamme Middleton i . Middleville . ♦Midland . . Milan Milford .... Milbrook . . . Millersburg Millett Millington Minden City *Mio Moddersville Mohawk . . . ♦Monroe Montague . . Monterey . . Montgomery Montrose Morenci .... Morley .... Morrice .... Moscow . . . Mosherville ♦Mt. Clemens. .73. ..64. . .63. ..67. . . 2 . !l58] . .71. . .83. ..56. . .43. . .45. . .57. . .70. . .79. . . .9. ..67. .55. . .32. ..62. ...7. . . .8. ..54. .65. ..47. . .75. . .69. . .45. .18. . .66. . .56. ..57. . . 29 . . .33. .. .4. . .83. . .50. . .64. . .81. . .61. . .82. . .45. . .60. . .81. . .81. Mount Morris. .61 ♦Mt. Pleasant. .46, Muir 58 Mulliken . , Munger . . . ♦Munising Munith . . ♦Muskegon Muskegon Heights . . .66 . .48. . .10 . .74 ..50 . . . 223 . . . 392 . . . 660 . . . 362 . .1,761 . . . 250 ..9,132 . . . 250 . . . 626 ...611 . . . 546 . . . 236 . . . 290 . . . 714 . . . 697 '. '. '. 237 .,1,209 . .1,047 .12,381 ..4,722 . .1,069 . . . 268 . . . 529 ..1,046 . . . 250 . .3,770 . . . 767 . .1,062 .11,503 . .4,236 . . . 450 . . . 270 ..1,743 . .1,060 . . . 309 . . . 309 . . . 310 . . . 687 . . . 450 . . . 352 . . . 242 . . . 557 . . . 768 .10,570 . . . 290 . . . 505 . . . 510 . . . 276 . . . 580 . . . 962 . . . 452 . . . 804 . .2,527 . . 1,355 . . . 973 . . . 402 . . . 519 . . . 208 . . . 623 . . . 332 . . . 209 . . . 208 . .1,060 . .6,893 . . . 942 . .1,415 . . . 362 . . . 443 . .1,515 ...337 . . . 470 . . . 209 . . . 505 ..7,707 . . . 513 . .3.972 . . . 463 . . . 312 . . . 202 . .2,952 . . . 208 . 24,062 .50. . .1,690 N Nadeau . Nahma . Napoleon Nashville National Mine Naubinway Navarre Negaunee ♦Newaygo .9. 11. 74. 65. .8. .14. .76. . .8. 44. New Baltimore. 70. .1,000 . . 700 . . 334 .1,346 . . 700 . . 250 . . 474 .8,460 .1.207 . . 920 To litis Loca. Pop. ♦Newberry 13... 1,182 New Boston. ..76 218 New Buffalo. . .77 528 New Era 43 225 New Haven 70 478 New Lothrop..60 305 Newport 83 450 New Troy 77 ... . 392 Niles 77.. .5,156 North Adams. .81. ... 440 North Branch. .62 ... . 717 North Detroit.. 76 250 North Kearsarge ...3.... 800 North Muskegon ...50.... 350 Northport . . . .24. . . . 524 Northstar 54. . . . 300 Northville 76... 1,665 Norway 7 . . . 4,974 Nottawa . .79 384 Nov! 69 309 Nunica 51 ... . 402 O Oak Grove 68 274 Oak Hill 31 314 Oaklev 55 237 Oakwood 76 781 Ogontz 11 273 Ojibeway 4 240 Old Mission . . .26 243 Olivet 66. . . . 627 Omer 42 367 Ona way 18 . . . 2,702 Onekama 31 ... . 324 Onondaga ....67 406 Onsted 82 398 ♦Ontonagon . . . .2. . . 1,964 Opechee 3... 1,413 Orion 69 717 Ortonville 69 377 Oscoda 36 864 Osseo 81 385 Otisco 58 206 Otisville 61 312 Otsego 64... 2,812 Ottawa Lake. .83. . . . 201 Otter Lake . . .62 273 Overisel 64 202 Ovid 59... 1,078 Owensdale 39. . . . 285 Owasso 60... 9,6.39 Oxford 69... 1,191 P Paavola 3. . . . 350 Paines 55. . . . 203 Painesdale 3. . .1,250 Palmer 8 799 Palms 57. . . . 308 Palmyra 82 225 Palo 58 327 Paris 45. . . . 350 Parklake 39 250 Parma 74. . . . 509 Parshallville . .68 406 ♦Paw Paw 71... 1.643 Paye 76 306 Pearl Beach ... 63 202 Peck 57 274 Pellston 16... 1,089 Pentoga 6. . . . 309 Pentwater ... .43. .. 1,129 Pequaming 5. . . . 309 Perkins 11. . . . 406 Perrington . . . .54. . . . 288 Perrv 10 720 Petersburg . . . .83 . . . . 490 ♦Petoskey 16. . .4,778 Pewano 58. . . . 289 Pickford 15 406 Pigeon 49. . . . 687 Pikespeak . . . .76. . . . 201 Pinckney 68. . . . 477 Pinconning . . .48. . . . 677 Pinnebog 49. . . . 209 Pittsford 81 ... . 450 Plainflold 68. . . . 209 Plainwell 64 . . .1,493 Plymouth 76... 1,671 Point Mills 3 208 Pokagon 78. . . . 302 Pomona 31 ... . 203 ♦Pontiac 69.. 14. 532 Port Austin. .. .49. ... 533 Port Hope 49. . . . 344 ♦Port Huron. . .63. . .8.863 Portland .58... 1.832 Port Sanilac. . .57. . . . 216 Towns Lora. Pol). Posen 18., Potterville 66.. Powers 9. , Prairieville ...65.. Prattville 81.. Prescott 35.. Princeton 8. , Prosper 33. . Provemont ... .24. . Pulaski 74.. Q Quincy 80.. B .. 263 . . 430 . . 511 .. 250 .. 308 .. 609 .1,809 . . 206 . . 250 . . 259 .1,347 Ransom .81. . . . 206 Rapid City... .27. . . . 406 Rapid River... .11. . . . 609 Ravenna ..50. . . . 508 Reading .81. ..1,102 Ready .,55. . . . 580 Redford .76. . . . 328 Red Jacket. . . . .3. . . . 421 Redridge . . . . . .3. . . . 409 Reed City .39. . .1,690 Reeman .44. . . . 250 Remus .45. . . . 459 Republic . .8. ..2,314 Re.xton .14. . . . 309 Richland .72. ...278 Richmond . . . .70. . .1,377 Richmondville ..57. . . . 280 Richville ..56. . . . 250 Ridgeway . . . . .82. . . . 306 Riga .82. . . . 213 Riggsville . . . .17. . . . 206 Riley Center.. .63. . . . 209 Riverdale . . . . ..54. . . . 406 River Rouge. . .76. . .4,163 Reeves Junct'n 74. . . . 208 Rochester . . . . .69. .1,516 Rockford ..52. . . . 843 Rockland . . . . ..2. ..1,090 Rockwood .76. . . . 500 Rockwood Sta .83. . . . 316 Rodney .45. . . . 290 ♦Rogers .18. . . . 705 Romeo .70. ..1.787 ♦Roscommon . .34. . . . 425 Rose .69. . . . 543 Rosebush . , . . .46. . . . 296 Rose City .35. . . . 506 Roseville .70. . . . 509 Rothbury . . . . .43. . . . 206 Royal Oak.... .69. . .1,071 Royalton .77. ..1,164 Rumeley S Saganing . . . . .10. . . . 286 .42. . . . 396 ♦Saginaw . . . . ..55. .50,510 Sagola . .7. . . . 360 Saint Charles. ..55. ..1,451 Saint Clair .63. . .2,638 Saint Clair Heights . . . . .76. .1,252 ♦Saint Ignace. .14. ..3,118 Saint Jacques. .11. . . . 360 Saint James. . .19. . . . 589 ♦Saint Johns. . ..59. . .3,154 ♦Saint Joseph .77 . . .5,936 Saint Louis. . . .,54. ..1.940 Saline . 75. . . 816 Sand I.,ake. . . . .52. . . 370 Sands . .8, . . 240 ♦Sandusky . . . .57. . . . 993 Saranac ..58. . . . 845 Saugatuck . . . .64. . . . 631 ♦Sault Ste. Marie .15. .12.615 Sawyer .77. . . . 396 Schaffer .11. . . . 206 Schoolcraft . . .72. . . . 816 Schofield .83. . . 225 Scotts .72. . . . 350 Scottville . . . . .37. . . . 891 Sears . 39 . . . 200 Sebewa .58. . . 380 Sebewaing . . . .49. . .1,347 Shaftsburg .60. . . 369 Shelby .43. ..1,260 Shepherd .... .46. . . 835 Sheridan .... . 53 . .. 436 Sherman .32. . . 360 Sherman City. .46. . . 350 Sherwood .... .80. .. 346 Silverwood . . . ..56. . . . 386 Simons .20. . . 250 Six Lakes. . . . ..53. . . 275 Skanee .5. . . 266 Slocum .50. . . 696 Towns Loca. Pop. Smyrna 58. . . . 236 Somerset 81... 1,237 Somerset Center 81. . . . 200 South Blendon.51. . .1,680 S. Boardman. .27. . . . 660 S. Frankfort ..25.... 681 South Haven . . . 71 . . . 3,577 South Lvon . . .69. . . . 615 South Range 3... 1.097 S. Rockwood. . .83 316 Spalding 9. . . . 500 Sparta 53... 1,203 Spencer 27 . . . . 369 Spring Arbor. .74. . . . 350 Spring Lake. . .51. . . . 803 .'-■pringport . . . .74. . . . 584 Spring Wells. .76. . .1,590 Spruce 30. . . . 333 Stambaugh . . . .6. . . 1,332 ♦Standish 43. . . . 838 ♦Stanton 53. . .1,013 Stephenson . . . .9. . . . 527 Stevensville ... 77 ... . 243 Stittsville 33 296 Stockbridge ...67.... 663 Stonington ... .11 ... . 480 Stronach 31. . . . 354 Sturges 79... 3.635 Sumner 54 . . . . 392 Sunfield 66 385 Suttons Bay. . .24. . . . 402 T ♦Tawas City ... 36. . .1.061 Tecumseh 82 . . . 3,332 Tekonsha 73 ... . 573 Temperance . . .83. . . . 292 Temple 40. . . . 282 Thaver 69. . . . 402 Thomas 69. . . . 406 Thompson . . . .13. . . . 350 Thompsonville .25.... 815 Thorice 15. . . . 209 Thornville . . . .62. . . . 350 Three Oaks. ... 77 ... 1,175 Three Rivers. . .79. . .5,072 Tower 17. . . . 542 ♦Traverse City. 26. . 12.115 Trenton 76. . .1,224 Trimountain ...3... 2,509 Trout Creek. . . .2. . . . 597 Trufant 53 350 Turner 42 . . . . 509 Tuscola 56. . . . 255 Tustin 39 371 Twining 42. . . . 267 Twin Lake. . . .50. . . . 209 r Ubly 49 442 Union City 80... 1,340 Unionville 56 456 Utica 70 496 V Van 16 298 Vandalia 78. . . . 371 Vanderbilt . . . .21. . . . 523 Vans Harbor. . .11. ... 362 Vassar 56. . . 1,659 Vermontville . .66. . . . 650 Vernon 60. . . . 435 Vestaburg . . . .53. . . . 438 Vicksburg ... .72. . .1,634 Victoria 2. . . . 460 Viola 14. . . . 350 Viresland 51. . . . 250 Vulcan 7... 1,590 W Wakefield 1 714 Waldenburg ...70.... 350 Waldron 81 . . . . 435 Walkers Point. 14. . . . 290 Walkerville . . .43 371 Walloon Lake. .19. ... 306 Walton 26. . . . 350 Waltz 76. . . . 350 Warren 70. . . . 397 Washington . . . 70 . . . . 208 Waterford 69 225 Waters 21 260 Watersmeet ....1 542 Watervliet ... .77 728 Watronsville . .56. . . . 344 Watson 64... 1,117 Waucehah 7 . . . . 350 Way land 64. . . . 725 Wayne 76. . .1,263 Webberville . . .67 349 108 Michigan Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Weidman .... .4(5. .. 56!) Wells .11. .1,500 *West Branch .«5. .1,276 Weston .H-i. . . 254 Westphalia . . .59. .. 366 West Windsor . «« . . . 251 Wetmore .... .10. . . 360 Wetzell . M . . . 250 Wexford .H-i. . . 250 Wheeler .54. . . 250 Towns Loca. Pop. Wheelerton . . .74. White Cloud... 44. Whitehall 50. White Pigeon.. 79. Whitmore Lake. 75. Whittemore ...36. Williamsburg. .26. Williamston . . .67. Wilson 9. Winn 46. ... 250 . . . 648 ..1,437 . . . 667 . . . 362 . . . 218 . . . 300 . .1,042 . . . 506 . . . 250 Towns Loca. Pop. Winters . . , Wixoni Wolverine . Woodland Woodstock Woodville . Wright ... Wyandotte Wyinan . . . .10. . .69. . .17. . . 65 . . .82. . .44. . .51. . . 76 . . .53. . . . 290 . . 220 . . 794 . . 304 . . 590 . . 250 . 1 .609 8,287 . . 200 Towns Loca. Pop. V Yale 63. Vankfo .Spring.eS. Yatton 14. Y'psilanti 75. Zeeland . . Zilwaukee Z .1,223 .. 676 . . 250 .6,230 .1,982 . . 914 Michigan Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Historj-. The finding of remains of ancient mines and mining implements indicate the settlement and civilization of the State in very early times. Wh.v two parts of the State? Why are fifteen counties of Michigan, comprising an area of over 1(!,000 pquare miles, a space twice as large as Massa- chusetts, situated away by themselves on the south side of Lake Superior? The reason is this: Following the ceding of the territory west of Lake Michigan, by the Indians to the United States, the territory of Michigan, in 1818, included also the terri- tory now occupied by the State of Wisconsin. In dividing the territory between Michigan and Ohio by the government two surveys were made. The first placed Toledo in the State of Michigan. The last survey, however, so changed the boundary lines as to bring Toledo into the State of Ohio. The result was a hotly contested dispute that came near blood- shed by the rival States. The United States Government finally proposed, in 1836, as the territory of Michigan had applied for admission to the Union, to grant the request on con- dition that Michigan would relinquish the disputed territory to Ohio and take, as compensation, the 16,000 square mile? of territory comprising the present 15 counties lying adjoining and south of Lake Su- perior. The proposition, at first rejected, was finally accepted, and so. of the S3 counties of Michigan, l.'i of these counties are scattered away to the north- ward of Wisconsin and Lake Michigan. The final development of iron and copper inines on this upper peninsula made the relinquishment of the small tract of disputed land to Ohio a very fortunate exchange for Michigan. These two irregular parts of Michigan are separated by the Strait of JIackinaw, connecting I.,ake Michigan and Lake Huron. The lower and larger peninsula embraces the whole territory between these lakes, though the upper peninsula contains more tlian one- third of the land surface of Michigan. In proportion to its area, Michigan has a longer coast line than any other State. The Poroupine Range of mountains is the water- shed in the upper peninsula between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and those flowing into Lake Michigan. This range at its highest point is 1,400 feet above Lake Superior — 2,000 feet above the sea. AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS ON UPPER PENINSULA. The surface on the mountain sides present consid- erable variety of soil. There are numerous lakes and marshes and" great forests where pine and soft woods are the prevailing growths, though fine groves of sugar maples are found in some places. A good deal of goveinment land is yet to be found in each of the upper peninsula counties. Mining and Lumbering. Though this region of the State is quite cold in the winter, many prosperous towns are found throughout this territory, the lum- ber interest and mining giving employment to great numbers of workmen. The yield of iron and copper places Michigan in the front rank of mining States. The iron mines here are in four districts — Marquette, Menominee, Gogebic and Vermilion — and the annual yield gener- ally gives the State first place in this industry. The copper region at the northwest end of the upper peninsula, extending for 3."i miles in length and from 1 to miles in width, is situated mostly in the coun- ties of Ontonagon, Houghton and Keweenaw. The annual product of Michigan copper, and that rnostly from this immediate region, is about one-third of that of the whole country. Notwithstanding the large output of lumber and mineral wealth, agriculture is nevertheless the lead- ing industry. Indian corn will not ripen on the upper peninsula, but wheat, rye. oats and barley are grown there. Apples, pears, quinces, plums, cherries and all the small fruits grow there to per- fection. Dimensions. Upper peninsula, greatest length from east to west, 320 miles; greatest breadth, 130 miles. Lower peninsula, greatest length, 280 miles from north to south; greatest width, from east to west, 200 miles. Altitude. Highest in the State, Porcupine Mount- ain, in Ontonagon County, 2,020 feet high. Climate. Average annual January temperature at Marquette, 16 above. At Port Huron, St. Clair county, it is 21. Average annual July temperature at Mar- quette is 65; at Port Huron, 69. Extremes, lOH above at Marquette, 27 below; at Port Huron, 99 above and 25 below. Rainfall, 32.4 inches at Marquette; 31.6 at Port Huron. Possibly the landseeker contemplates the purchase of real estate on the lower peninsula. In this quest he cannot go amiss. For a region so well situated as the lower part of Michigan there is a stnall showing for density of population in a State so well located as Michigan. On the great highwa.v between the East and the West, with great growing cities and markets on either side, with a highly fertile soil, why should Michigan be only about one-third as densely popu- lated as Ohio? It is simply because the attention of people has been occupied with clearing the land of its lumber supply. New settlers are just beginning to pour in. With every natural facility for sustaining a dense population, it is clearly evident that this State will be very thickly settled and land values will greatly ad- vance over present prices, which are from .$6 to $12 per acre unimproved. The climate in that portion of Michigan located between Lakes Michigan and Huron is tempered by the prevailing breeze from one direction or another. It is cooler in the summer, from the lak& breeze, and it is warmer in the winter. All the counties border- ing upon Lake Michigan are found to have a soil and climate especially favorable to the growing of peaches, strawberries, grapes and other fruits, and hundreds of small tracts of land known as "fruit farms" have been developed in the past few years. Besides a fertile soil and favorable climate. Michi- gan ranks usually first or second among States in the production of salt, while on the Lake Huron short there are lock formations which yield excel- lent grindstone, lime, building stone and slate. It should he remembered that for a generation Michigan has been almost purely a lumber State. It is comparatively recently that the raising of grain has began to occupy attention. BECO.MES A MANUFACTURING ST.ATt. An interesting feature about this State is the rapid advances made in manufacturing. Among articles made here are lumber in its numerous market forms, flour and gristmill products, machine and foundry materials, furniture, tobacco in its various forms, iron and steel, men's clothing, shipbuilding, agricul- tural implements, chemicals and paper. Important manufacturing cities are Grand Rapids with its superior water power, Saginaw, Battle Crt-.-k. \drian, .\lbion, Muskegon, famous for its toys, woodenware and pianos: Traverse City, Lansing and Detroit, the latter city being the most noted of any citv for making automobiles. Shiphuilding is carried on at Port Huron. ^N yan- dotte and Detroit ; silk manufacturing at Beldlng. Mackinae Island, now a National Park, is located at the northern end of the Peninsula of .Michigan, in the Straits of Mackinac, and Is accessible ironi al points bv rail or vessel. The Island Is now .t national park, reserved for the benefit of tourists and vi.siiors. and offers, during the warm seasons, a f""' /«"" pleasant retreat from sultry air and crowded thor- oughlares. It contains an area of .3.s .o .-.cres. or miles long bv 2 miles wide, with an .I.vation ab,u the straits varying from 200 to ,i20 Let 109 MINNESOTA =^3 '. ^8, 69 , 70 i7l"i f2 173:74175.' 76 l 77^ J ^j 79 1 80 I 81 j 8 2 i 83 I 84 : 85 ; 86 LOCATION AND 1910 POPl LATION OF MINNESOTA COUNTIES Locu. County Pop. MINNESOTA COUNTIES 1 Kittson. . 9,669 2 Roseau. .11,338 3 Marshall. .16.338 4 Beltrami. .19,337 5... Koochiching.. 6,431 6 St. Louis. 163,374 7 Lake. . 8,011 8 Cook.. 1.336 9 Polk.. 36,001 County Pop. 10 Pennington. .15,878 11 Red Lake.. 15,940 12 Norman 13 Mah'nome 14.... Clearwater. 13 Itaska. 16 Clay. 17 Becker. 18 Hubbard .13,446 3,249 6,870 17,208 6,870 18,840 9,831 19 Cass. .11,620 Loca. County Pup. 20 Wilkin. 21 Ottertail. 22 Wadena. 23 Crow Wing. 24 Aitkin. 25 Carlton. 26 Traverse. 27 Grant. 28 Douglas. 29 Todd. . 9,063 .40.046 . 8,633 .16,861 .10,371 .17,559 . 8,049 . 9,114 .17,669 .23,407 Lorn. Count y Pop. 30 Morrison. 31 Millelacs. 33 Kanabec. 33 Pine. 34 Bigstone. 35 Stevens. 36 Pope. 37 Stearns. 38 Benton. 39 Sherburne. .24,053 .10,705 . 6,461 .13,878 . 9,367 . 8,393 .12,746 .47,733 .11,615 . 8,136 110 Minnesota Counties — Continued County Pop. 40. Isant . 9,114 41. Chisago .13,537 42. Swift .12.94!) 4S. . . Kandiyohi .18,969 44. Meelier .17,022 45.. Wright .28,082 46. . . . Hennepin 333,840 47. Anoka .12,493 48. Ramsey 223,675 4i». . Washington .26,013 50. Lac Qui Parle .15,435 51. .13,458 Locii. County Pop. 52 YellowMedicine. 53 Renville. 54 McLeod. 55 Carver. 56 Sibley. 57 Scott. 58 Dakota. 59 Lincoln. 60 .T . LyonT 61 Redwood. 62 Brown . 63 Nicollet . .15,403 .23,123 .18,691 .17,4.55 . 15,540 , 14,888 .25,171 9,874 15,722 18,425 20,134 14,125 County Pop. . . . Lesueur. .18 Rice. .25 . . Goodhue. .31 . Wabasha.. 18 . Pipestone. . . . Murray. Cottonwiiod . . Watonnan. Blue Earth. . . . Waseca. Steele. . . . . Dodge. ,609 ,911 ,637 ..■>54 ,5.-i3 ,7.'>.^ ,651 ,382 ,337 466 ,146 094 Count u Pop. Olmsted. .22 Winona. .33 Rock. .10 Nobles. .15 Jackson. .14 Martin. .17 Faribault. .19 Freeborn. .22 Mower. .22 Fillmore. .25 Housto n. .14 Total 2,075 .497 ,398 i'Ho ,491 ,518 ,949 ,282 ,610 ,680 .297 .708 Minnesota Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations. Loca. Pop. A *Ada . Adams Adrian Afton ♦Aitkin Akely Albany ♦Albert Lea. . . Albertville . . . Alden ♦Alexandria . . Alpha Altura Amboy Annandale . . . ♦Anoka Appleton- Arago Argyle , Arlington .... Arnold Ashby Atkinson Atwater Audubon Aurora ♦Austin Avoca Avon B Badger ♦Bagley Balaton Barnesville ... Barnum Barrett Bath Battle Lake. . . Baudette Beardsley Beaver Bay. . . , Becker Belgrade Belleplaine Bellingham . . , Belview , ♦Bemidjl .... ♦Benson Bertha Bethel Big Falls Big Lake Bingham Lake Bird Island . . . Biwabik Blackduck . . . Blakeley Blooming Prairie .... ♦Blue Earth.. Bcivey Boyd Braham ♦Brainerd .... Brandon ♦Brecken ridge Brewster Brycelyn Brighton .... Brookpark . . . Brooten Browerville . . Brownsdale . . Brownsville . . Brownton .... .1,432 . . 570 1,112 . . 308 .1,638 .1,635 . . 657 . 6,192 . . 250 . . 544 .3,001 . . 223 . . 200 . . 435 . . 624 .3,972 .1,221 . . 210 . . 744 . . 733 . . 396 . . 334 . . 311 . . 660 . . 308 .1,919 .6,960 212 '. '. 277 . . 395 . . 801 . . 364 .1,353 . . 262 . . 278 852 . . 567 . . 897 481 . . 209 . . 210 . . 418 . . 204 . . 359 . . 290 .5,099 .1,677 . . 296 . . 221 . . 325 . . 229 . . 285 . . 931 .1,690 . . 942 . . 225 . . 854 .2,319 .1.377 . . 431 . . 406 .8,526 . . 276 .1,840 . . 311 . . 352 . . 260 .. 208 . . 562 . . 633 . . 264 . . 361 . . 509 Towns Loca. Pop. Brown Valley. .26. .1,058 Bruno . 33 . . . 229 ♦Buffalo .15. .1,227 Buffalolake . . .53. . . 371 Buhl ..6. .1,005 .29. 217 Butterfield ... .71. . . 377 Byron .76. .. 272 C ♦Caledonia . . . .86. .1,372 Callaway .... .17. .. 276 Calumet .15. .. 245 ♦Cambridge . . .40. . . 966 Campbell .... .20. . . 303 Canbv . 52 . .1,528 Cannon Falls. .66. .1,385 Canosia . .6. .. 235 Canton .85. .. 345 ♦Carlton .25. .. 597 Carver .,55. . . 571 Cass Lake. . . . .19. .2,011 ♦Center City . . .41. . . 252 Centerville . . . .47. . . 260 Ceylon .81. . . 330 Champlin .... .46. . . 3.50 ♦Chaska .55. .2,050 Chatfleld . 85 . .1,228 Chisago City. . .41. .. 276 Chisholm .... ..6. .7,684 Chokio .35. . . 328 Clara City.... .51. .. 587 Claremont . . . . 75. .. 275 .29. . . 364 Clarkfield ..52. . . 603 Clear Lake. . . . 39 . .. 263 Clear Water. . .45. . . 311 Cleveland .... .64. 212 Climax ..9. .. 269 Clinton .34. . . 384 Cloquet .25. .7,031 Cohasset .15. . . 521 Cokato .45. .. 718 Cold Spring.. .37. .. 594 Coleraine .... .15. .1,613 Collegeville . . .37. .. 240 Cologne ..55. .. 390 Columbia Hgts .47. . . 590 Comfrey .62. .. 238 Comstock .... .16. . . 202 Cort .15. .. 360 Costin ..6. .. 231 Cotton ..6. .. 238 Cottonwood . . .60. .. 770 Courtland .... .63. . . 208 ♦Crookston ..9. .7,559 Culver ..6. . . 216 Currie .69. . . 329 Cyrus .36. .. 273 " D Danube .53. .. 217 Danvers .42. . . 215 Dassel .44. . . 643 Dawson .50. .1,318 Davton .46. .. 343 Deephaven .46. . . 234 Deer Creek. . . .21. . . 313 Deer River... .15. .. 908 Deer Wood . . . .23. . . 586 De Graff .42. . . 215 Delano .45. .1,031 Delavan .82. .. 284 Dent .21. . . 244 ♦Detroit .17. .2,807 Dexter .84. .. 281 Dilworth .16. . . 500 Dodge Center. .75. . . 957 Donnelly . 35 . . . 276 Dover ,76. . . 233 ♦Duluth .6. 78,466 Dundas .65. .. 357 £ Eagle Bend. . . .29. . . 551 Eagle Lake . . . .72. .. 231 E. Grand Fork S.9. .2,533 Easton .82. . . 262 East St. Cloud .38. . . 666 Echo .52 . . . 430 Eden Valley. . .44. .. 740 Edgerton . . . . .68. . . 381 Edina Mills. : . .46. .1,191 Eitzen .86. . . 209 ♦Elbow Lake. .27. . . 771 Elgin .67. .. 324 ♦Elk River... .39. .. 859 Ellendale . . . . .74. .. 261 Ellsworth . . . . .79. . . 536 Elmore .82. . . 795 Ely ..6. .3,572 Elysian .64. . . 345 .83 223 . .9. 321 Eslarn .37. . . 208 Evansville . . . .28. . . 389 Eveleth ..6. . 7,036 Excelsior . . . . .46. .1,015 Eyota .76. .. 423 F Fairfax .53. .. 815 ♦Fairmont . . . .81. .2,958 Fall Lake. . . . 6 . . 426 ♦Faribault . . . .65. .9.001 Farmington . . ..58. .1,024 Feeley .15. .. 300 ♦Fergus Falls. .21. .6,887 Fertile . .9. .. 614 Fisher ..9. . . 328 Floodwood . . . . .6. .. 481 ♦Foley .38. .. 710 Fond du Lac. ..6. .. 309 Forest Lake. . .49. . . 540 Foreston .... .31. . . 204 Fort Snelling. .46. . . 800 . .9. .1,075 Fountain . . . . .85. .. 321 Foxhome . 20 . . . 206 Franklin . 53 . .. 439 Frazee .17. .1,645 Freeport .37. . . 450 Fridley .47. .. 200 Frontenac . . . .66. . . 275 Fulda .69. .. 743 G Garden City.. .72. .. 263 Gary .12. . . 251 Gavlord .56. . . 610 Ghent .60. .. 210 56. . 533 Gilbert . .6. .1.700 Gladstone . . . . .48. . . 560 ♦Glencoe . 54 . .1,788 Glenville .83. . . 368 ♦Glenwood . . . .36. .2.161 Gloster .48. . . 500 GIvndn .16. . . 295 Goldcnvalley . .46. . . 692 Goodhue .66. . . 408 Good Thunder 72 . . . 419 Graceville . . . . .34. . . 987 Granada .81. . . 333 ♦Grand Marais . .8. . . 355 Grand Meadow .84. .. 553 Grand Forlage . .8. . . 362 Lrjra. Pop. ♦Grand Rapids. 15. . ♦Granite Falls. 52.. Gravelville ....30.. Greenbush 2. . Green Isle. . , Grey Eagle.. Grove City. . . .56. .29. 44.. .42. . 12 . .85. .67. . 35 . H ♦Hallock 1. Halloway . . . Halstad Hamilton . . . Hammond . . Hancock .... Hanley Falls. .52 Hanover 45 Hanska 62 Hardwick ... .78 Harmony 85 Harris 41 Hartland 83 ♦Hastings 59 Hawley 16 Hayfield 75 Hector 53 ♦Henderson . . .56 Hendricks 59 Hendrum 12 Henning 21 Herman 27 Hernon Lake. .80 Hewitt 29 Hibbing 6 Hill City 24 Hills 78 Hinckley 33 Hoffman 27 Hokah 86 Holding A 37 Holdingford ..37 . .46., . . 68 . ..42. . .46. ..86. . Holdridge Holland Holloway Hopkins Houston Hovland 8 Howard Lake.. 45 Hubbard . . . Hugo Hutchinson .18. .49. . .54. ♦International Falls Invergrove . . . lona 58. .69. Isanti 40. ♦Ivanhoe ♦Jackson Janesville . Jasper . . . . Jfffers Kalavala Kasota Kasson Keewatin . Kelliher .. Kellogg . . Kennedy . . K.nsington Kent Ki'nyon . . . Kerkhoven Kiester . . . Kilkenny . .80. .73. .68. .70. ... 64 . ... 7.5 . . ..15. 4. .. .67. 1. ... 28 . ... 20 . .. .66. .. .42. ... 82 . . . . 64 . , 2,239 . 1 ,454 . . 987 . . 274 . . 2.56 . . 378 . . 351 . . 910 . . 215 . . 494 . . 271 . . 241 . . .524 . . 275 . . 267 . . 310 . . 292 . . 655 . . 673 . . 227 .3,983 . . 860 . . .586 . . 866 . . 753 . . 406 . . 355 . . 603 . . 604 . . 803 . . 332 . 8,832 . . 220 . . .398 . . 673 . . 391 . . 406 . . 276 . . 350 . . 275 . . 293 . . 215 . 3,066 . . 760 . . 211 . . 626 . . 306 . . 264 .2,368 1.487 . 260 . 308 . 316 . 484 1,907 1,173 . 704 . 227 . 4.50 . 760 . 932 . 695 . 294 . 372 . 232 . 244 . 238 1.237 . 432 . 2.58 . 208 • ,. ■, J, t rn«™.r,o ■Civet r'niumn 'Vampi? of Towns; Second Column. Number the .Same as SiTr"o7"t=he'count;Vle"e"Tow^n'u Local^d- ?^h^?r Column.^ Population of ItUO. Loca. Means Lo- cation Pop Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. Ill 4 Minnesota Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations. Towns Loca. Pop. Kimball 37 312 Kingston 44 250 Towns Loca. Pop. Morton 53 761 Motley 30 428 Towns Loca. Pop. Richmond 37 .563 Richville 21 255 Townx Loca. Pop. Tenstrike .... . .4. . . 250 •Thief River Kinney 6 809 Mound 46. . . . 300 Robbinsdale . . .46. . . . 765 Falls .10. ..3,714 Knife River 7 491 Mount Iron 6... 1,343 •Rochester .... 76. .. 7,844 Tintah .26. . . 217 L Murdock 42 288 Rockford 45 287 Tofte . .8. . . 249 , La Crescent. ..86 373 N Rolling Stone. .77. . . . 205 Tower ..6. ..1,111 ' Lake Benton. . .59. . . . 844 Nashua 20 271 Roosevelt 2 . . . . 252 Tracy .60. ..1,340 Lake City 67 ... 3,000 Nashwauk 15... 2,080 •Roseau 2. . . . 644 Triumph .81. . . . 243 Lake Crystal . . . 72. . . 1,055 Nassau 50 213 Rose Creek 84 202 Truman .81. . . . 451 Lakefleld 80 924 Nerstrand 65 292 Rosemount . . . .58. . . 238 Twin Valley.. .12. . . . 543 Lakeland 49 343 Nevis 18 238 Rothsay 20 343 •Two Harbors . . 7 . .4,990 Lake Park 17. . . . 740 New Auburn... 56 261 Round Lake. . .79. . . . 3;-;7 Tyler .59. .. 614 Lakeville 58.... 385 New Brighton. 48 375 Royalton 30 676 U Lake Wilson... 69 219 New Duluth 6 808 Rush City 41 964 Ulen .16. . . . 438 Lamberton .... 61 ... . 653 Newfolden 3 286 liushford 85. . .1,011 V Lancaster 1 . . . . 204 New Germany .55. ... 210 Rushford 85.... 686 Vasa .66. . . . 200 Lanesboro . . . .85. . . . 987 New London... 43 418 Rushmore 79. . . . 237 Vergas .21. . . . 237 Le Roy 84 702 Newmarket ...57 901 Russell 60 262 Verndale .33. . . . 538 Lester Prairie. 54 420 Newpoit 49. . . . 370 liuthton 68. . . . 290 Vernon Center .72. . . . 289 Le Sueur 64... 1,755 New Prague ..64... 1,554 S Veseli .65. . . . 300 *Le Sueur New Richland. 73 685 Sabin 16 302 Vesta .61. . . . 243 Center 64. . . . 741 New V]m 62... 5,648 Sacred Heart. .53. . . . 587 \'iking . .3. . . . 305 Lewiston 77. . . . 473 New York Mills.21 .. .4,474 St. Bonifacius. .46 275 Villard .36. . . . 260 Lewisville 71 218 Nicollet 63 368 Saint Charles. .77. . .1,159 Vining .21. . . . 212 Lindstrom . . . .41. . . . 522 Nielsville 9 209 Saint Clair 72 . . . . 323 Virginia ..6. .10,473 Lismore 79. . . . 268 North Branch. . 41. ... 642 •Saint Cloud... 37. .10,608 VV *Lltclifleld .. .44. ..2,333 North field 65... 3,261 Saint Francis. .47. ... 364 •W^abasha . . . .67. ..2,622 *Little Falls. . .30. . .6,078 North Mankato.63. . .1,210 Saint Hilaire. .10. . . . 468 Wabasso .61. . . . 343 •Long Prairie. .29. . .1,250 Northhome 5 204 •Saint James. .71 .. .2,102 Waconia .55. .. . 817 Lonsdale 65. . . . 271 North St. Paul. 48. . .1,404 Saint Joseph. . .37. .. . 706 •Wadena .... . 33 . ..1,820 Lowry 36. . . . 252 Norwood 55.... 522 St. Louis Park. 46. . .1,743 Wahkon .31. . . . 200 *Luverne 78. . .2,540 Nymore 4 334 Saint Michael.. 45 401 Walte Park. .. .37. . . . 406 Lyle 84. . . . 552 O Saint Michael. .45. ... 223 •Walker .19. .. . 917 Lynd 60 209 Odessa 34 235 •Saint Paul Walnut Grove. .61. . . . 366 M Ogilvie 32 270 (capital) ...48.214,744 •Warren ..3. ..1,613 Mabel 85 549 •Olivia 53 960 St. Paul Park.. 49 832 Warroad ..3. . . . 327 Mcintosh 9 634 Onamia 31. . . . 314 •Saint Peter. . .63. . .4,170 •Waseca .73. ..3.054 McKinlev 6. . . . 411 •Ortonville 34... 1,774 Saint Vincent. ..1. ... 328 Watertown . . . .55. . . . 465 Madelia 71. . .1,273 Osakis 28... 1,013 Sanborn 61 462 Waterville . . . .64. ..1,373 *Madison 50... 1,811 Oslo 3 344 Sandstone 33... 1.8 18 Watkins .44. . . . 366 Madison Lake. 72. . . . 335 Osseo 46 390 Sauk Center. . .37. . .2,1.>4 Waubun .13. . . . 250 •Mahnomen ...13.... 796 Ottawa 64 212 Sauk Rapids. ..38. . .1,745 Waverly .45. . . . 460 Mahtowa 25. . . . 383 •Owatonna ... .74. . .5,658 Sartell 37 240 Wayzata .46. . . . 493 •Mankato 72.. 10,365 P Savage 57 330 Welcome .... .81. . . . 543 •Mantorville . .75 410 Parkers Prairie.21 383 Scanlon 25. . . . 573 Wells .82. ..1,755 Maple Lake. . . .45. . . . 523 •Park Rapids. .18. . .1,801 Sebeka 22 ... . 428 W'esely .65. . . . 235 Maple Plain. . .46 225 Pavnesville . . . .37 926 •Shakopee ... .57 .. .2,302 West brook . . . .70. . . . 429 Mapleton 73.... 809 Pelican Rapids.21 .. .1,019 Sherburn 81 814 West Concord . .75. . . . 584 Marble 15. . . . 887 Pequot 23 260 Silver Lake. . . .54. . . . 3»2 W. Minneapolis. 46. . . 3,0>2 Marietta .50 338 Perham 31... 1,376 Skibo 6 200 West St. Paul. .58. ..3,660 Marine Mills. . .49. ... 491 Peterson 85. .. . 266 •Slay ton 69 850 Whalan .85. ..1,131 •Marshall 60... 2, 152 Petrell 6 250 Sleepy Eye 63. .3,217 •Wheaton .26. . . 1,300 Maynard 51 . . . . 386 Pierz 30 545 South Bermidji. 4.... 537 White Bear Mazeppa 67 . . . . 471 Pike 6 305 South Haven . . .45 .... 287 Beach .48. ..1,734 Melrose 37... 2,591 Pillager 19 216 South Park 58 500 W^hite Bear Mer>ahga 23. .. . 346 •Pine Citv 33... 1,2.58 South St. Paul. 58. . .4,510 Lake .48. . .1,505 Mendota 58. . . . 245 Pine Island 66 . . . . 834 So. Stillwater. .49.. .1,343 White Earth.. .17. . . . 350 Mentor 9. . . . 222 Pine River 19 329 Spicer 43 328 •Willmar ,... .43. . .4,135 Midway 6. . . . 379 •Pipestone ... .68. . .2,475 Plainview 67... 1,175 Spooner 4. . . . 668 Springfield 62... 1,483 Willow River. Wilmont .33. .79. . . . 313 . . . 358 Milaca 31... 1,103 Milan 51 . . . . 468 Plato 54 238 Spring Grove.. 86 620 Wilton . .4. .. . 215 •Minneapolis ..46.301,408 Porter 53 353 Springlake . . . .40. . . . 2!>0 •Windom .... .70. ..1,749 Minneiska 67 . . . . 395 •Preston 85... 1,193 Spring Valley.. 85... 1,817 Winnebago . . . .82. . .1,554 Minneota 60. . . . 819 •Princeton 31... 1,. 555 Staples 29... 3,5.56 •Winona . 77 . .18,583 Minnesota City. 77 211 Proctor 6 936 Starbuck 36 497 Winsted .54. . . . 396 Minnesota Proctornott 6. . .2,343 Stephen 3 413 Winthrop .56. ..1,043 Lake 82. . . . 445 R Racine 84 203 Stevenson 6 300 Stewart 54. . . . 400 Winton Woodlake .... . .6. .53. . . . 390 . . . 392 •Montevideo ..51... 3,056 Montgomery ..64... 1,267 Raymond 43 334 Stewartville . . .76 794 Woodstock . . . .68. . . . 236 Monticello . . . .45. . . . 858 •Red Lake •Stillwater 49. .10,198 •Worthington .79. . .2,385 Montrose . . 45 284 Falls 11... 1,757 Sundahl 12 309 Wrenshall . . . .2.5. . . . 690 •Moorliead . . .16. . .4,840 •Red Wing 11... 9,048 Sundby 6 200 Wykoff .85. . . . 456 Moose Lake. ..25 526 •Red Wood Swanville 30 397 Wvoming .... .41. . . . 207 •Mora . . 32 . . . . 892 Falls 61... 1,666 T Y Moranbrook . . 39 553 Reeds 67 . . . . 279 Taconite 15 549 Young America. 55. . . . 303 Morgan .... ..61 553 Renville 53... 1,182 Taunton 60. . . . 205 Z •Morris .... ..35. ..1,685 Rlice 38 262 Tawney 85 454 Zumbro Falls. .67. . . . 208 Morristown . . 65 593 Richfield 46. . .2.673 Taylors Falls. .41. . . . 454 Zumbrota .... .66. . .1.138 Minnesota, the Bread an d Butter State. History. History. Visited by Duluth, at head of Lake ing, 1823. Settlement made near St. Pau 1 b> Swiss colonists, 1830, and at Stillwater, 1843. Terri tory of and the falls of St. Anthony named by Louis Hen- Minnesota organized In 1840, with Missouri River nepin in 1G80. Minnesota formed a part of exten- its western boundary. Admitted to the Union m sive territory ceded by France to Great Britain in 1858. Blassacro of settlers on frontier settl ements 1763. E.xplored by Jonathan Carver of Connecticut by Sioux Indians, killing 1.000 whites, 1862. Indian in 1766. Came into the possession of the United lands at head of the lakes ceded to the United States in 1783. Lieut. Z. N. Pike obtained the Fort States, 185.5. First frame house in Dulu th erected, 11 Snelling Reservation from the Dakota InSians in 1856. First sawmill at Duluth. on Minnesota Point, 1805. Fort Snelling established in 1S19. Corner erected in 1856-7. St. Paul & Duluth rai Iroad com- || stone laid of Fort Snelling and Col. Josiah Snelling pleted, 1870. placed in command. Place thenceforth called Fort Snelling. 1820. Mill built at Falls of St. Anthony, This is one of the most rapidly growing St ates in 1822. First steamboat to Mendota, near Fort Snell- the Union, in wealth and population. 112 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises MINNESOTA. One of the Northern Border States Rapidly Increasing in Population. MISTAKEN IDEA ABOUT CLIMATE. The impro-ssion formerly prevailed that the cli- mate here was too eold to grow most agricultural products, whereas experience has proven that the State, in general, has not only a highly fertile soil bui a healthy climate favorable for the growth of all the cereals and the most of the vegetables and fruits. NOT SO VERY EAR NORTH A study of the map shows that Minnesota is not so far north as people had supposed. Examination of a Canadian map shows Hudson Bay very con- spicuously, and the idea might be entertained that the whole region is not habitable; but comparison with other parts of the globe, in geographical posi- tion, reveals that there are other parts of the world, even considerably farther North, that have long been settled and cultivated. COMPARED WITH OTHER REGIONS Crossing at the widest part of Hudson Bay is the Sixtieth Parallel of latitude. Tracing this parallel around the earth we find that living north of this are the people of St. Petersburg and Stocliholm and the majority of the inhabitants of Sweden and Norway. POPULATION EXPANDING NORTHWARD The facts are, while the winters are long, the air is dry, the people do not feel the cold as is the case in warmer climates with more moisture in the air. The average spring temperature is 46, summer about 70, autumn 38; in winter about 17; giving an average annual of .-ibout 45. The eastern part of the State is subject to the heaviest rainfall, the annual average being from 24 to 36 inches. The soil, especially in the northern part of the State, is exceedingly fertile, and is one of the best wheat producing regions in North America. The fertility of soil in the Red River Valle.y permits the growth of very large crops and farmers in that region rapidly acquire wealth. The greatest hin- drance the farmers in some portions of the northern counties have had lias been the swampy conditions of the land. There are hundreds of thousands of acres of government land in tliat region of the country yet unappropriated from that reason. SWA^IP LANDS TO BE RECLAOIED For the purpose of reclaiming this land the In- terior Department of the government, under the Reclamation Act, has in contemplation the running of a series of ditches that will drain about 400,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Thief River Falls. This will open great quantities of land to settle- ment and be but the beginning of improvements which will bring into thorough cultivation great quantities of land, now too wet. The Chippewa lands, ceded under the Nelson Act of 1880, cover an area of over 5,000 square miles — 3,200.000 acres. The first efforts at drain- age will be just northeast of Thief River Falls. A tract of land has been selected including 600 square miles. 3S4.000 acres, which area will be ex- tended as fast as lands are sold and appropriated. A\TLL MAKE THE VERY BEST FARMS AVhen reclaimed by drainage these swamp lands ■will rank with the best farms in this region. The soil, which is a black sandy loam, is particularly suited to crops which grow in this latitude. PLAN OF DRAIN.\GE The plan of drainage recommended provides for two main ditches, from four to six miles apart, each about forty miles long, with laterals at right angles located about seven miles apart. Minor drainage ditches should reach each 160-acre lot. Such work would accomplish the drainage of 266,- 750 acres of government and private land and the improvement of 135.750 additional acres, making a total of 402,500 acres that would be benefited. WEALTHY F.ARMERS IN SOI THERN MINNESOT.\ The southern and central parts of Minnesota are settled with a class of wealthy farmers whose lands have become worth $50 per acre. The soil in this region is a rich loam from two to five feet deep and of great durability. Here the finest wheat in the world is grown and from it the best flour is made. Buckwheat, rye. flaxseed and potatoes are also raised in abundance. The hay and potato crops are of great value. The qualit.v of Minnesota potatoes has a widely extended reputation. There have been, in years past, standing signs in the Fulton Market. New York, bearing the words, "Minnesota Potatoes." According to William E. Curtis, In the ChicaRo ■ *^'^'J'^i^"'^'''*'*^' ^^*' \'''"e of .Minnesota wheat crop i",- rl?n n<>n^^^ $88,435,000; oats, $25,000,000; corn. Butter, .$50,000,000, made in 803 creameries, the product of 1,125,000 cows. The first creamery In the state was established at Bath, Freeborn County, m 1890, followed by the state founding a dairy school m 1891, succeeded by the employment. In 18JJ, ot an expert, to visit creameries of th< state, inspect sanitary conditions and give Instruc- tion to dairymen. The result is that Minnesota usually carries away the first prize from nearly every agricultural exhibition where her dairy products are on exhibition. A byproduct, developed out of ;'i*^^'^'*"'^' business, is hoes, the value of which. In 1910, was $35,000,000, lacgely fed and fattened on skim milk. WAITING FOB TIMBER TO BE CUT. The agricultural interests of a large part of Minnesota have had to wail for the timber to be cleared away, lumbering on the lands adjoining the largest rivers of the State being the principal work ot many thousands of men during the past twenty years. The cultivated farms have demonstrated that the hardier fruits, such as apples, pears, cherries, plums, grapes of the northern varieties, strawber- ries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, etc.. yield abundantly. For peaches and the more tender ki/ids of grapes the seasons are too short. Of the wild fruits, the crab apple and plum are excellent and the native cranberry is a source of great profit. Of the native forage plants botanists claim 160 species. To get a fairl.v comprehensive idea of the great- ness of the State and its probable future the land- seeker should spend a week in Minneapolis and St. Paul in a study of land values, manufacturing, and as wholesale points, for distribution of products over the_ Northwest. Following the visit to the Twin Cities the tourist should see Duluth, a young but rapidly growing city, at the head of the lakes. After going up to the iron mining districts north- ward from Duluth. contemplating the manufactur- ing possibilities, healthfulness of climate and the many inducements for living in the State, consider statistics for a little time. Is there any reason why this population should not be as dense here as in Rhode Island some time? Mind, we say some time. That is indefinite and perhaps a good ways off. but when that time comes there will be many millions of people in this State. Saying nothing more about Rhode Island, let us consider Illinois. I* there an.v reason why Minnesota should not be as densely populated as the Prairie State? It is hi^'hly prob- able that it will be. What then? Min.iesota had 22.1 persons to the square mile in the 1900 census and Illinois had 86.1. When Minnesota attains to the present density of Illinois' population, she will have four times more people in her borders than now. Will each of the 400 interior Minnesota vil- lages and cities be four times larger than now? Will Minneapolis and .St. Paul be four times larger? AVill th.-re be 300.000 people crowded onto the mountain side it Duluth and overflowing clear out to Lester Park and West Duluth? Yes. certainly. M'hy not? Duluth is at the head of the lakes. Chicago was at the head of Lake Michigan. People had to stop there, and goods on freight boats had to break bulk. Duluth is similar to Chicago In po- sition. They have to break bulk there and all cities, where they have to break bulk, become large cities. FITURE LARGE POPULATION IN MINNESOTA. Certainl.v all ^Minnesota cities that are fairlv pros- perous will be four times larger than now, and landseekers looking the State all over will find Minnesota a ver.v safe State in which to settle and invest in real estate. CONDENSED IMPORT.VNT FACTS REL.4TING TO THE STATE. .Mtitude. Highest in the State the Mesaba Range, with elevations 100 feet above the adjacent lands. Cities. Climate. Average January temperature at St. Paul, 11 above; July. 72; warmest, 104; coldest. 41 below; average annual precipitation of rain and snow. 27.5 inches. Duluth: Average January temperature. 10; July. C6; highest. 99; lowest, 41; average annual rainfall, precipitation of rain and snow, 31.0 Inches. I)inienslons. Length, north .ind south. 400 mll--8: width, east and west, 350 miles. 113 MISSISSIPPI STATE AND THE 79 COUNTIES OF MISSISSIPPI With Their Boundaries Location and Population of MISSISSIPPI COUNTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. 1910 1 De Soto. 2 Marshall. 3 Benton. 4 Tippah. 5 Alcom. <>.... Tishoningo. 7 Tunica. 8 Tate. 9 Coohoma. 10 Quitman. 11 Panola. 12 Lafayette. 13 Union. 14. . . . Pontocock. 15 Lee. 16 Prentiss. 17 Itawamba. 18 Bolivar. 19 Sunflower. 20. . Tallahatchie. 21 Yalobusha. 22 Calhoun. 23.... Chickasaw. 24 Monroe. 25 Leflore . 26 Grenada. 27 Carroll. 28... Montgomery. 29 Webster. 30 Clay. 31... Washington. 32 Holmes. 33 Attala. 34 Choctaw. 35 Oktibbeha. 36 Lounrles. 37 Winston . 38 Noxubee. 39 Issaquena. 40 Sharkey. 41 Yazoo. 42 Madison. 43 Leake. 44 Neshoba. 45 Kemper. 46 Warren . 47 Hinds. 48 Rankin. 49 Scott. 50 Newton . 51 . . .. Lauderdale. 52 Claiborne. 53 Copiah. 54 Simpson . 55 Smith. 56 Jasper. 57 Clarke. 58 Jefferson . 59 Adams. 60 Franklin. 61 Lincoln . 62 Lawrence. 63. Jefferson Davis. 64 Covington . 65 Jones. 66 Wayne. 67 Wilkinson. 68 Amite . 69 Pike. 70 Marion . 71 Lamar. 72 Forrest. 73 Perry. 74 Greene. 75. . . Pearl River. 76 Hancock . 77 Harrison. 78 George. 79 Jackson. .23.130 .26,796 .10,245 .14,631 .18,159 .13,057 .18,646 .19,714 .34,217 .11,593 .31.274 .21,883 .18,997 .19,688 .28,894 .16,931 .14,526 .84,905 .28,787 .29,078 .21,519 .17,726 .22,846 .35,178 .36,290 .15,727 .23,139 .17,706 .14,853 .20,203 .48,933 .39,088 .28,851 .14,857 .19.676 .30,703 .17,139 . 28,503 .10,560 . 1 5,694 .43,672 .33,i>05 .18,298 .17,980 .20,348 .37,488 .63,726 .23,944 .16.723 .28,035 .46,919 .17,403 .35,914 .17,201 .16,603 .18,498 .21,630 .18,221 .25,265 .15,193 .28,597 .13,080 .12,860 . 1 6,909 .29,885 .14,709 .18,075 .22,954 .37,272 . 15,i)99 .11,741 .20,722 . 7,685 . 6,0.50 . 10,i593 .11,207 .34,6.58 . 6,599 . 15,459 Total 1,797,114 TE W li^ ES 1 irrr 5 |3r 4 L._ ^- '18 20 ■j |_ zuj---: .22 j 23 ' if^T 26 ' I 2,?. J 24 ^#^119' ^.— ----r-- -^ql . >% '1 i ^-^ 27^28 L.^-^-r 35 !'3G ■< . 1 55 j 5G I 57 Jf CR : .--^-rT ! ' ^ ■-^-^? !_i '\64! 65 f 66 67 i 68 ; 69 ! 70 j 7t i72|73j 74 ^ ^ W-^.j._.r-- , L A . -/ 75 i /_L.I«_ MAP@¥ IMISSISSIPPI M)55l5Sl PPI SOUND (§i(yilLlF ©IF t^nxoc® 5II8SIS.SIPPI TOWNS WITH 1910 POPUI..4TIONS. Loca. Pop. Abbeville . . ♦Aberdeen Ackerman Adair Agricultural College . . Airey Albertson . . .12. .24.. . 34 . . ,.27., .35.. ,.77., . .65. 243 ,708 ,.398 250 206 709 328 Towns Loca. Pop. Alcorn . . . Alligator . Amory . . . Anguilla . Arbo Arcadia . . Areola . . . Arkabutla Artesia . . , . .i>4 . . . .18. ,. .24. . . .40. . . . 64 . . . 39 . , . .31. 8. . . 690 . . 260 .2,122 . . 500 . . 206 . . 390 . . 512 . . 217 Pop. B Baldwyn Banks Bassfield *Batesville . . . . Baxterville *Bay St. Louis, Bay Springs. . , Beaumont . . . . . 787 . 309 • a* '. 200 3.388 . 836 . 250 E.\-planation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 114 Mississippi Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations riiwns Loca. Pop. Beauregard . . .53. . . . 240 Belden 15 220 Belleprairie ...41.... 350 Belmont 6. . . . 367 Belzoni 31... 1,059 Benoit 18 412 Benton 41. . . . 200 Beulah 18 369 Biloxi 76... 8.049 Binnsville . . . .45. . . . 590 Blue Lake 20 290 Blue Mountain . .4. ... 650 Bogue Chitto. .61. . .. 841 Bolton 47. . . . 632 Bond 77 536 Bon Homme. . .72. . . . 308 *Booneville .. .16. .. 1,337 Booth 39.... 250 Bovd 62 250 Bo'vle 18 444 ♦Brandon 48. . . . 720 Braxton 54. . . . 286 *Brookhaven ..61... 5,293 Brooklyn 72. . . . 260 Brookville . . . .38. . . . 850 Bucatunna . . . .66. . . . 421 Buena Vista. . .23. . . . 231 Burnsville 6 336 Byhalia 3 511 C L-alhoun City.. 22 477 *Canton 42... 3,929 Carriere 75. . . . 206 »Carrollton 27 608 Carrolton Sta. .27. . . . 390 *Carthage . . . .43 . . . . 315 Cedarbluff 30 216 Centerville . . .67. . . . 865 Chancy 10. . . . 250 *Charleston .. .20 ... 1,834 Chritton 9. . . . 250 Chunky 54 280 *Clarksdale . . . .9. . .4,079 •Cleyeland 18... 1,001 Clinton 47 . . . . 767 Cloverhill 9. . . . 277 Coahoma 9. . . . 211 •Coffeeville . . .21. . . . 421 Coldwater 8.... 774 ♦Collins 64... 2,581 •Columbia ... .70. . .2.039 •Columbus 36... 8,988 Como 11 905 •Corinth 5. . .5,020 Courtland 11 304 Craig 41. . . . 506 Cra^vford 36 396 Creek 57 360 Crenshaw 11 358 Cross Roads. . . 78 3,58 Crystal Springs.53. . .1,343 D Darden 13 260 •Decatur 50 283 •De Kalb 45 250 Derma 32 383 De Soto 57 236 Dlo 54. .. . 284 Doddsville 19 208 Drew 19 278 Dry Grove . . . .47. . . . 250 Duck Hill 28 490 Duncan 18 284 Durant 32. . .1,881 E Eastabuchie ...65.... 460 Eastside 79. . . . 819 Ecru 14 475 Eddiceton 60. . . . 350 Edinburg 43 2.50 Edwards 47. . . . 600 Elarbee 77 2.50 •Ellisville 65... 2,446 Elwood .57 ... . 308 Endville 14 4.50 Enterprise 57. . . . 877 Epps 73 ... . 383 Estabutchie . . .65. . . . 631 Ethel 33 466 Eupora 29 896 F Fannin 48 200 Farrell 9 3.50 •Favette 58 775 Fenwick 59 206 Fernwood 69 209 TdWii ; Locii. Poll. Flora 43. Florence 48. •Forest 49. French Camps. 34. •Friar Point ... .9. •Fulton 17. G Gandai . . . Geeville . . . Georgetown Gibson .... Gillsburg .,64. ..16. . .53. .34. .68. Glen Allen 31 Glendora 20 Gloster 68 Golden 6 Good Hope. . . .43 Goodman Grand Gulf. Graysport Greengroye •Greenville . •Greenwood •Grenada . . •Gulfport . . Gunnison Guntown . . . .33. .53 . .36. , .9. .31. . . 74J . . 360 .1.136 . . 330 . . 875 .. 306 . . 233 . . 390 . . 560 . . 260 . . 366 . . 350 .. 307 .1,486 . . 209 . . 393 . . 630 . . 266 .1,409 . . 496 .9,610 .5,836 .3,814 .6,386 . . 515 .. 330 Towns Loi- H Hamburg . . . . Handsboro . . . Harriston . . . . •Hattiesburg . •Hazlehurst . Heidelberg . . . Hermanville •Hernando . . . Hickory Hickory Flat. Highlandalc Hiwannee . . . . HoUandale . . . •Holly Spring Hollywood . . . Horn Lake. . . Houlka •Houston . . . . Howison Inda •Indianola Iverness . Isola .... Ittabena . •luka .50. . .3. .35. . .66. .31. rs.2. ,..7. ..1. .23. ..33. ..77. ,.77. .19. .19. .31. Jackson (capi- tal) 47. Jacobs 58. Jonestown 9. . . . 234 . . . 907 . . . 353 .11,733 . .2,056 . . . 477 . . . 369 . . . 660 . . . 666 . . 261 . . 298 . . . 217 . . . 481 . .2,193 . . . 360 . . 206 . . 389 . .1,406 . . 490 . . . 369 . 1,098 . . 221 . . 478 .1,437 .1,221 .21,263 , . . 590 . . 367 Kilmichael . . . .38. Kipling 45. Kirkville 17. •Kosciusko ... .33. L Lake 49. Lakeshore . . . .76. Lambert 10. . . 380 , . 269 . 509 3,385 .79. .51. . 65 . .50. .74. .31. Latonia Lauderdale . Laurel Lawrence . . •Leakesville Leland Lena 43. Leota Landing. 31. •Lexington ...32. •Liberty 68. Little Springs. 60. Long Long Beach. Longtown . . . Lorena 55. Louin 56. •Louisville ... .37. •Lucedale 78. Lumberton . . . .71. Lyon 9 . Lytal 16. M Ma ben 35. McComb 69. McCool 33. McHenry 77. McLain 74. .13. Al. . . 429 . . 260 . . 573 . . 260 . . 599 .8,465 . . 308 . . 466 .1,547 . . 300 . . 369 .2,428 . . 556 . . 290 . . 396 .1,036 . . 250 . . 266 . . 523 .1.181 . . 797 .2,122 . . 233 . . 209 . . 539 .6,337 . . 433 . . 627 . . 2.50 /'.,;,. McLaurin 73. McNair 58 McNeill 75; •Macon 38. Madison .Station43. Magee 54. •Magnolia ....69. Mantee 29. Marathon 31. Marie IJ). . . 506 . . 366 . . 360 .3,434 . . 333 . . 685 .1,833 .10. . .9. .39. .39. .60. .54. .51. .18. .78. .41. Marks Matagorda Mathiston . , •Mayersville •Meadville , •Mendenhall •Meridian Merigold Merrill .... Midnight Millard 7.5. Winter City. . . .25.' Mississippi City. 77. Mize 55. •Monticello . . .62'. Montrose 56. Moorhead 19. Morton 4'>. Moselle 65. Moss Point 79! Mound Bayou.. 18. Mountain 78. Mount Carmel.63. Mount Olive... 64. Muldon 24 Myrtle Vi. N Napanee 31. •Natchez 59. Neshoba 44. Nettleton 15' •New Albany.'. 13! •New Augusta. 73. New Houlka. . .23. Newton 50. Nicholson 75. Norfield 61 . Northcarrollton.37! N. Greenwood . .35. Noxapater . . . .37. O Oakland "1 Oak Vale 63! Ocean Springs. 79. •Okolona 23. Olive Branch... 1. Ora (i4. Osyka 69. Ovett 65. •Oxford 12. . . . 308 . . . 390 . . . 670 . . . 560 , . . 576 , . . 369 . . . 269 . . . 606 33,385 ..241 . . 328 . . . 208 . . 396 . . 306 . . . 566 .. 321 . . 450 . . 427 . . 505 . . 374 ...241 . . 3,054 . . . 537 . . . 308 . . . 290 . .1,077 . . . 309 . . . 255 .. 362 11,791 . . 390 . . 733 .2,032 . . 460 . . 650 .1,875 . . 348 . . 889 . . 393 . . 269 .. 311 . . 351 .. 396 .1,473 .2, .584 . . 312 . . 463 . . 824 . . 383 .2,014 •Pascagoula . .79. Pass Christian. 77. . .61. .76. .48. .31. .77. .18. Pearlhaven Pearlin.ifton Pelahatchee Percy Perkinston Perthshire Pheba SO Philadelphia ..41 Philipp .... Pickayune . Pickens 1 ' I n t' 1) u !■ .... Pinola •Pittsboro Pleasant Hill.. 53 •Pontotoc 14 •Poplarville . . .75 •Port Gibson . . ..52 Potosi 41 Potts Camp 3 Prairie Point. .38 •Prentiss 63 Pulaski 49 •Purvis 71 . 30 . . 75. .32. .70. .i>4. .3,.>79 .2,4.58 . . 499 . . 306 . . 913 . . 366 . . 350 . . 496 . . 283 .1.209 . . 369 . . ^-46 , . 619 . . 350 . . 341 . . 349 .2.065 .1,377 .1,372 506 313 350 640 289 734 'Quitman Q R •Raleigh .55. •Raymond ... .47. Richburg 71. Richton 73. Rienzi 5. •Ripley 4. . . 950 . . 262 . . 579 . . 266 . 1 .250 . . 4.11 . . 707 /'., Robinsiinville Rodney •Rolling Folk. •Rosedalf .... Rose Hill Roxie Rulevillc .... Rural Hill Sallis Saltillo Sandersville Sanford •.Sardis Saucier Schlater Scooba Seminary . . . . •.Senatobia . . . ■Shannon Shaw Shelby Sherman Shubuta Shuqualak . . . Sidon Silver Cily . . . . Silver Creek . .Silver .Springs. Spanish Fort. . Standing Pine. •Starkville . . . State Line.... Stonewall . . . . Stringer Sturgis Summit •Sumner Sumral Sunflower . . . . Sylvarena . . . . , . 308 , . 338 . 809 1,1 0.i . 39U . 394 . 451 . 250 , . 247 . 306 . 604 . 390 1.4UU . 355 . 25(> . 332 . .536 1.378 . 564 , . 871 . 645 . 353 1.168 . 636 . . 391 . . 341 . . 544 . . 390 . . 209 . . 366 .3.698 . . 363 .1.069 . . 367 . . 331 .1.471 . . 364 . 3,064 . . 300 . . 390 Taylorsville . . ..55. Tchula Terry Tishomingo Toccopola . Toomsuba . Trenton . . . •Tunica •Tupelo 15 Tutwiler 20 Tvler 75 Tylertown ... .69 32. .47. . .6. .14. .51. .55. . . 623 . . 478 . . 473 . . 212 . . 233 . . 300 • ■ r99 . . .555 .3.881 . . 410 . . 200 . . 797 T'nion 50. Utica 47. •Vaiden Vardaman Vernal . . . Verona Vestry . . . • Vicksburg Vosburg . .74. .15. .79. .46. .56. 693 572 713 439 300 M),814 . 309 w Walls Walnut Grove. Warrenton . . . •Water Valley Waveland . . . . •Waynesboro . A\'ebb Weir Wesson West West Pascagoula . •West I'oint. . . Whitesand . . . Wiggins AVinchester . . •Winona Wisdom AV'isncr •Woodvlle .. . . 300 . . 308 . . 200 .1.275 . . 554 . . 625 . . 392 . . 220 .2.024 . . 276 Zilpha . . . Zion ZIon Hill. Y ...41. .33. .13. . 6.S . . . 308 .4.864 . . 390 . . 980 . . 350 .3,512 . . 360 . . 026 .1.333 . 200 . 369 . .50U 115 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises MISSISSIPPI Having a Soil and Climate Especially lavorable foi Growing Cotton. — Figures Showing Profits. ShouUl the land-seekei wish to engage in the production of one general crop there is probably none more sure than cotton in a region favorable lor its growth. There are a few essentials necessary^ in the production of cotton, among them being a ri«-h alluvial soil, a temperature favorable for growth and rainfall sufficient to supply the necessary moisture. THE CLIMATE OF MISSISSIPPI. The average annual temperature in Mississippi is 65 57. The highest of summer is 90 and the low- est of winter is 18 above zero. The average an- nual rainfall at Natchez is 53.55 inches; along the coast, it is 64 inches. The valley areas of the northern section, and the vplands of' central Mississippi, are fertile, while those of other parts of the state are often inferior in quality. If the individual is going into the busi- ness of raising cotton and has selected Mississippi as the state in which to engage in that vocation, he will find that soil, climate and rainfall all com- bine here to make that crop a success; but it would be only safe for the person intending to purchase land for that purpose to visit this state, go among the cotton raisers and carefully investigate before investing any money in land for that purpose. As a rule, cotton continues very uniform in price. While price fluctuates somewhat, it has averaged about 10 cents a pound during the past seven years. During T,)0t5 the price varied from J)% cents to 12^4 cents per pound. A STATEMENT OF COST AND PROFITS. Cost of Production.. The following statement of the cost of production and the proceeds from a cot- ton crop in ISS'.l-HO on a 70-acre larm of Col. J. M. Thornton, Talladega, Ala., is worthy of careful study of those who think of engaging in the busi- ness' of cotton culture. Of course these figui es would varv considerably, depending upon natural fertility of soil, cost of fertilizing material, ex- pense "of labor, accessibility to market, and other conditions, but this table gives something of an idea of cost of production in average years. COST AND PROFIT OF RAISING COTTON On 70 .\cres. Yielding 28,110 Pounds of 1-int Cotton which Sold at 9V4 Cents Per Pound. Man and mule labor in preparing bedding and putting in fertilizers $150. .">il 3 'o tons phosphate (as fertilizer^ 67.. «U sC tons cottonseed meal (as fertilizer) Man and mule labor plowing and cultivating 126.00 Hoeing 136.50 Picking '*7,V-o I>oE;ging and ties 41). oo Ginning i ."> per cent of yield equals 1,458 pounds at 9% cents) 134.86 Seed for planting (140 bushels at 15 cents per pound) t ^■*^" Wear and tear of implements 1 Overseeing 50. One-fourth of cotton crop chargeable as rent 650. is Hauling to market 12.00 Total $1,;>05.21I YIELD AND PROCEEDS OF COTTON CROP. 5C bales, weighing 28,116 pounds lint cotton, averaging 9% cents $2,600.73 1,848 bushels seed at 15 cents per pound... 277.20 Profit on 70 acres $972.64 Dividing the $972.64 by 70 gives $13.89. the profit per acre on raising cotton at these prices. Thus the profit on a lOO-acre tract would be .$1,389. and a 200-acre cotton farm would be $2,778. CENTER OF COTTON PRODICTION IN RECENT YE.^RS. The center of cotton production in the United States nas been recently in Mississippi, about 20 miles northeast of Canton, in Madison County, and with the natural lerlility of soil here, tilling it for cotton raising, it is probable that cotton can be raised in this slate with greater protit than else- where, which will he determined by the land-seeker when he investigates cotton raising conditions in Mississippi. Cotton is a field crop and, like wheat, oats or corn, must be classed with those field productions which require a good deal of space in order to yield large farm profit. There are certain valle.vs in the state, like the Yazoo, which is overtlowed in very high water, and enriched l)y the alluvial de- posits, that require but very little fertilization in the production of an.v crops thereon. These valleys are natural cotton lands, which land-seekers should examine. IF COTTON WERE MADE THE PRINCIPAL CROP. The crops of Mississippi are considerably diversi- fied. Thus in one average recent year the oat crop was 1,671.919 bushels; wheat, 28.285 bushels, and corn, 30,027,569 bushels. Of the cotton crop there were 1,275,000 bales. As there are 466 pounds in a bale of cotton, there were 594,15(1,000 pounds in that crop, which, multi- plied by 9'i cents, the lowest price per pound for cotion that year, would inake the income to the State of Mississippi $54,958,875 that year for her cotton crop. As there is but a comparatively small population at present in this state, 12,000.000 acres yet cov- ered with forests, we can imagine when the popu- lation is full up to the capacity of the state and the force of help is sufficient to cultivate all the soil, thai the revenue from cotton in this state will be immense. Bjit while Mississippi is essentially an agricul- tural state it is giving a good deal of attention to manufacturing, as shown in the fact that in 1906, an average year, there were $50,256,309 in- vested in manufactures, 38.690 wage earners were employed, to whom was paid $14,819,034, the man- ufactured product of the state being worth $57,- 451,445. FRUIT, FISH AND OYSTERS. The Gulf Coast of the State which extends for a distance of 90 miles on the borders of the Gulf of Mexico is altricting a great deal of attention for several reasons. First, here is a warm sandy loam soil, resting on a clay subsoil, in which all vegetables anti fruits yield abundantl.v. Second, with warm climate and 62 inches of annua! rainfall they can grow three crops a year on the same land. Thus, planting Irish potatoes in Jan- uary, the crop is off in time to plant corn in April and the corn is off in time to plant sweet potatoes in July, which are harvested in time to allow a crop of hay or cow peas to be grown, to plow in and fertilize the land for the next year. The waters of the Gulf, along the Mississippi coast line, grow thousands of bushels of oysters. One cannerv at Biloxi gives employment to 2.500 work- men nine months in the year canning oysters and other shell fish. The fish canning and oyster industry on the Gulf coast is very great and steadily growing in importance. DELIGHTFl'L BREEZE FROM THE GULF. A steady breeze blows in upon the land here making tlie days pleasant and the nights cool in summer. Thus th'> Gulf coast is growing in popu- larity as a summer resort. As a home for the win- ter months it is and has for many years attracted thousands of people from the north. Gulfport. Bay St I.ouis. Pass Christian, Biloxi, Ocean Springs and other points are widely known as health and pleas- ure resorts. 116 A Region of Delightful Winter Kesorts on tlie Gulf Coast. Thousands of people are driftins down to this charming Gulf coast to make iheir homes in the de- lightful climate here, intending to spend their re- maining jearw in the growing of fruit for profit and partly as a pastime. Many testini to .$50 per acre, while baek a lit- tle distance from the Coast the price ranges from $15 to .$25. TO SECURE EMPLOYMENT, GO SOUTH. There is an intense cry continually going up from all the Gulf coast country for more lielp. More workmen are wanted in the fields, mole in the lumber district and more in the canneries. The land seeker will do well to consider the advisability of getting a small farm on the Gulf Coast, applying thereon intensive cultivation, and while getting started assist other people who need help. CONDENSED FMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO MISSISSIPPI. Altitude. Highest in the State at Forrest, in Marshall County. Climate. Average annual January temperature at Vicksburg, 47 above; July, 82; highest, ]0] ; lowest, 1 below. Annual rainfall, 55.7. Dimensions. Extreme length of State, north and south. .■?4(> miles; extreme width, east and west, ISO miles. Histor.v. The Yazoo bottoms visited by De Soto, 1539; Joliet and Marquette. 1G73; La Salle, 1<;S2; settlement at Biloxi by Iberville, lOtiO; Nathez founded, 1716; ceded by Franco to England, 17<>3; Territory of Mississippi organized, 1708; territory including the five southern counties added to the Stale, 1811; admitted to the Union, 1817. Between New Orleans and Mobile will be found a number of the most attractive winter resorts in the whole South. From Bay St. Louis, the first resort out of New Orleans, to Pascagoula, nearly fifty miles east, is an almost continuous string of white <■«!- tages, hotels and bungalows. The winter climate is delightfully invigorating and it would be diffi- cult to select a locality better suited for rest or recreation. The population of Bay St. Louis is about 4,500, made up largely of people from New- Orleans, who make daily trips to and from the city. The town, like other gulf coast resorts, has its long shell drive upon the waterfront, with magnifi- cent live oaks and magnolias, while the pretty, sub- stantial and gardened residences bespeak taste and prosperity for their owners. Boating, bathing and fishing facilities are unsurpassed. PASS CHRISTIAN. Pass Christian is the most pretentious, as well as the most popular, resort along the gulf coast. It is one of the very old towns of the United States and the second in population on the coast. With its seven miles of frontage on the gulf, and with immense pine forests behind It, It is an ideal place .?r, f,T " "T woman seeking rest and recuper;.- \! u J .'* exclusively a resort town, and the hol-ls will be lound lar above the average In slz.- and L'mni t."''''- , ^^?, f^*"' """^'^^ ^'''■'' «■•« exceptionally smooth and well kept and make drlvlnc or autom.i- biling a pleasure. A nine-hole golf course is k.pl In excellent condition. Mississippi .Soun.i furnishes the finest yachting course in the .South and very good fishing can be had during the late winter and early spring months. GULFPORT. Gulfport is a ne^v, but distinctly modern, town. It is the principal seaport for sea-going visb'Is of the State of Mississippi and is the second lumber-shipping port in the country. It has a line harbor, deep and roomy enough to accommoilate ocean shipping for years to come. Besid.- boating, fishing and hunting there are beautiful shell drives along the beach and automobiles can be hired at reasonable rates. There are tennis courts ami an excellent golf course. The hotel accommodations are among the best on the coast. Four miles east of Gulfport Is the old town of Mississippi City. It is in the midst of a great fruit- producing region, where oranges, tigs, peaches, pears and grapes can be grown with Ijut little effort Biloxi. the oldest town on the coast, the third in age in the United States, was founded by the Fr(n. Its originally beautiful natural site having thus had the benefit of time in which to be de- veloped and appropriately softened and beautified into harmony with its sacred purpose. It stands today one of the most park-like and pleasingly impressive of all the national cemeteries. With the possible exception of Arlington Heights, none can compare with it in general beauty. It certainly Is one of the most magnificent cemeteries ever devoted to the interment of the dead soldiers of any na- tion, and it is also (except Arlington! the larg.-st of the eighty-two established and maintained by the General Government in honor of Its valorous defenders. It contains the graves of 1H,S22 Union soldiers who lost their lives in and around Vicks- burg during the civil war. of which the appalling number of 12.71!) are "unknown." The c.metery is a masterpiece of landscape engineering, with delightful walks and drives, with ravines, terrace* and plateaus, and with long avenui-s of treig. mostly Spanish oaks, supplemented with tn.plc.il plants and picturesque parterrt-s of tl.." " ' >••■ grounds occupv what was once th'- si'l' <>( a forbidding blulT overlooking tli. which is now a most charming series ■ encircling a beautiful plateau from whUli is ! : magnificent view, grand in extent and variety, in- cluding the serpentine course of the gllfl.Mag rlver. Its opposite shore fringed wlih v. il.mt forest. 117 MISSOURI STATE AND THE 115 COUNTIES OF MISSOURI With Their Boundaries g!^ gJA;;=^^^Mi^ faiil^^^M I LOCATION A>T) 1910 POPULATIONS OF BHSSOURI COUNTIES. Luca. County Pop. 1 Atchison. 2 Nodaway. 3 Worth. 4 Gentry. 5 Harrison. (5 Mercer. 7 Putnam. 8 Sullivan. 9 Schuvler. 10 Adair. 11 Scotland. 12 Knox. 13 Clark. J4 Lewis. 15 Holt. 16 Andrew. 17 De Kalb. 18 Daviess. 19 Grundy. 20. . . . Livingston. 21 Linn. 22 Macon. 23 Shelby. 24 Marion. 25 Buchanan. 26 Clinton. 27 Caldwell. 28 Platte. 29 Clay. 13,634 28,833 8,007 16,820 20,466 12,385 14,308 18,598 9,062 22,700 11,869 14,403 12,811 15,514 14,539 15,282 12,531 17,605 16,741 19,453 25,253 30,868 14,864 30,572 93,020 15,297 14,605 14,429 20,302 Loca. County Pop. 30 Rav 31 Carroll 32 Chariton 33 Randolph, 34 Monroe, 35 Ralls, 36 Pike, 37 Jackson 38 Lafayette 39 Saline, 40 Howard, 41 Boone, 42 Audrain , 43. . Montgomery. 44 Lincoln , 4.5 Cass. 46 Johnson . 47 Pettis. 48 Cooper, 49 Moniteau. 50 Cole. 51 Callaway. 52 Bates, 53 Henry. o4 Benton . 55 Morgan. 56 Miller. .57 Osage. 58 Maries. .21,451 .23,098 .23,.503 .26,182 .18,304 .12,913 .22,556 283,522 .30,154 .29,448 .15,653 .30,i>33 .21,687 .15,604 .17,033 .22.973 .26,297 .33,919 .20,311 .14,375 .21,957 .24,400 .25,869 .27,242 .14,881 .12,863 .16,717 .14,283 .10,088 Loca. County Pop. 59 Gasconade. 60 Franklin. 61 Warren. 62. .. . St. Charles. 63 St. Louis. 64. St. Louis City. 65 Vernon. 66 St. Claire. 67 Hickory. 68 Camden. 69 Pulaski. 70 Phelps. 71 Crawford. 72... Washington. 73... St. Francois. 74 Jefferson. 75 Barton . 76 Cedar. 77 Polk. 78 Dallas. 79 Laclede. 80 Jasper. 81 Dade. 82 Lawrence. 83 Greene. 84 Webster. 85 Wright. 86 Texas. 87 Dent. .12,847 .29,830 . 9,123 .24,695 .82.417 687,029 .28,827 .16,412 . 8,741 .11, .582 .11,483 .15,796 .13,576 .13,378 .36,748 .27,878 .16,747 .16,080 .21,561 .13,181 .17,363 .89,673 .15,613 .25,583 .63.831 .17,873 .18,315 .21,485 . 13,245 Loca. County Pop. 88. 89. 90 . , 91 . Shannon . Reynolds. .... Iron. Madison . 92 Genevieve. 93 Perry. 94 Bollinger. 9.5 Newton . 96. . . . McDonald. 97 Barry. 98 Stone. 99 Christian. 100 Taney. 101 Douglas. 102 Ozark. 103 Howell. 104 Oregon. 105 Carter. 106 Wayne. 107 Ripley. 108 Butler. 109 Stoddard. 110.. C. Girardeau. in Scott. 112... Mississippi. 113.. New Madrid. Dunklin. Pemiscot^ Total 3, 114. 115. .11,443 . 9,.592 . 8,563 .11,273 iiiiAi)!* .14,576 .27.136 .13,539 .23,869 .11, .5.59 . 15.832 . 9.134 .16,664 .11.020 .21.065 .14.681 . 5,504 .15.181 .13.099 .20.624 .27,807 .27.621 .22.372 . 14,557 .19,488 . 30,328 .15,559 293,335 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Secono Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 118 Missouri Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Lnca. Pop. A Adrian .53. . . 929 Advance .... .109. .. 621 Affton ..63. .. 650 Agency . .25. . . 429 Alba ..80. .1,296 ♦Albany .... ...4. .1,922 Alderney .... . .«». .. 223 Aldrlch . .77. .. 650 Allendale . . . .. .3. .. 243 Allenton .... . .63. .. 250 Allenville . . . .110. . . 309 Alma .£8. .. 316 Altamont . . . . .18. .. 270 Altenburg . . . ..93. .. 273 •Alton 103. .. 484 Amazonia . . . ..16. .. 456 Amoret .52. . . 307 Anderson . . . .!)«. .. 731 Anglum .63. .. 306 Anniston .... .113. .. 364 Appleton City .66. ..1,018 Arcadia ..90. . . 289 Archie .15. .. 246 Areola .81. .. 309 Ardmore .... .22 .. 500 Arnastrong . . .40. .. 574 Arrow Rock. .39. .. 336 Asbury .80. .. 200 Ashburn .... .36. .. 295 Ash Grove. . . .83. .1,075 Ashland .... .41. .. 341 Ashley .36. .. 409 Ashton .13.. .. 200 Atlanta .22. . . . 523 Augusta .63. . .. 297 Aurora .83.. .4,143 Austin .45. . .. 308 Auxwasse . . . .51.. .. 411 *Ava 101.. .. 713 Avalon .20.. .. 509 B Bakerfield . . 103.. .. 270 Ballwin .63.. .. 509 Toicns Loca. Pop. .. .12. '.iis! ..60. ..20. Baring . . . Barnard . Bayouville Beaufort . Bedford . . Belgrade . Bell City 109., Bell 58. , Bellflower 43.. Belmont 113. , Belton 45.. *Benton 111., Benton City 42. , Berger . .60. .109. .112. .. .5. . .23. Bernie Bertrand . . •Bethany . Bethel .... Bevier .... Billings . . . Birch Tree Bird Point Bisinark . . Blackburn Black Jack Blairstown Bland 59 Blodgett 111. ♦Bloomfleld ..109. Blue Springs. . .37. Biythedale 5. .99.. .88.. 112.. .73.. .39. . .63.. 53. . Bogard Bois D'Arc. . Bolckow . . . •Bolivar . . . Bonfils Bonne Terre •Boonville . Bosworth 31 Bourbon 71 . . Bowen 46. . •Bowling Green. 36. . .31.. .83. . ..16.. ..77.. .63. . . .73. . .48. . Brandsville Branson .... Brashear . . Braymer . . . Breckenridge Brewer .... Bronaugh . . iBrookfield Brookline Sta . .83. Browning 21 . . Brownington . .53. . Brumley 56. . Brunswick ....33.. 40 100. . .10. . .27.. .27.. .93. . .65. . .21. .. 379 .. 338 . . 309 .. 208 .. 266 .. 250 .. 316 . . 600 .. 599 . . 200 923 '. '. 320 .. 233 .. 306 .. 742 .. 346 .1,931 . . 235 .1,906 . . 760 . . 497 . . 406 . . 848 . . 389 . . 490 . . 238 . . 359 . . 433 .1,147 . . 561 . . 345 . . 316 . . 200 . . 376 .1,975 . . 390 . 5,509 .4,2.53 . . 767 . . 383 . . 206 .1,585 . . 503 . . 706 . . 468 .1,037 .1,035 . . 200 . . 263 .5,749 . . 306 . . 629 . . 345 . . 209 .1,606 Buckeye Bucklin . Buckner •Buffalo Bunceton Bunker . Burgess . Burlington Jet. .2 •Butler 52 112. .21. .37. . .48. . .89. Cabool . . . Gainesville Cairo .... Calhoun . . •California Callao ... Camden . . Cameron . Canalon 113 Canton 14 Cape Girar- deau 110 Card well 114 Carle Junction. 80 , .86. . .5. ,.33. ,.56. , .49. , . 22 . 3o! 26. •Carrollton Carterville . . •Carthage . . . •Caruthors- ville •Cassville . . . Cedar City. . . Cedar Valley. Cement City. Center Centertown . , Centerview . . •Centerville . Centralia . . . . .31. ..80. ..80. 115. ..97. . .51. ,100. , .37. , .35. . .50. ,.46. ..89. ..41. Chaffee 111. . .57. .112. ..46. . .20. ..80. ..20. ..33. . .33. Chamois . . •Charleston Chilhowee . , •Chillicothe Chitwood Chula Clarence . . Clark Clarksburg ....49. Clarksdale 17. Clarksville . . . .36. Clarkton 114. Clearmont 3. Cleveland 45. Clever 99. Climax Springs. 68. •Clinton 53. Clvde 3. Coffey 18. Cole Camp . . .54. College Mound. 22. Collins 66. Coloma 31. •Columbia 41. Comet 81., Conception 2. , Concordia 39. , Connelsville . . .10. , Conway 79. , Cooter 115. . Corder 38.. Corning 1.5. . Cottleville 62., Cowgill 27. , Craig 15. , Crane 98. , Creighton 45. , Creve Coeur. . . .63. , Crocker 69. , Cross Timbers .67.. Crowder 11 1. , Crvstal City. .. .74. , Cuba 71 . . Curry villa 36. . . . . 298 , . . 790 , . . 410 , . . 830 , . . 788 , . . 606 , . . 249 . . 942 .2,894 , . . 789 , . . 887 , . . 220 . . 684 . .2,154 , . . 526 ,..477 , . . 298 . . . 297 ,.2,218 .8,475 , . . 874 .1,115 . . . 345 .4,539 .9,483 ,.3,655 ..781 . . 208 .. 306 .. 209 . . 540 , . . 285 . . 490 . . 500 .2,116 .2,082 . . 649 .3,144 .. 425 .6,265 .1,506 .. 384 .1,337 .. 390 .. 399 . . 416 . . 912 . . 682 . . 263 .. 280 . . 348 . . 250 .4,993 .. 368 .. 390 .. 910 .. 250 . . 2.56 .. 200 .9,692 .. 544 .. 290 .. 931 . . 652 . . 394 . . 309 . . 649 . . 252 . . 225 . . 363 . . 621 .1,003 . . 409 . . 460 . . 560 . . 506 . . 2S8 .1.800 . . 6 H! . . 238 Toicns D Dadeville Dalton ... Darlington Dawn Dearborn . Deepwater Deering . . , De Kalb . . Denver . . . Des Arc . . Desloge . . DeSoto . . . , Desperes . De Witt . , ..81. .. 401 ..33. .. 261 ...4. . . 353 ..20. .. 460 ..28. .. 499 . .53. .1,398 .115. . . 509 . .25. . . 391 ...3. . . 450 ..90. . . 387 . .73. .2.509 ..74. .4,721 ..63. . . 660 .31. .. 423 Doxter . . . Diamond . Dixon . . . . Doe Run . , •Doniphan Dover Downing . Drexel ... Duncan . . Dunnegan Durham . . Dykes . . . . Loca. Poll. .2,322 . . 509 . . 715 . . 9.->(i .1,235 .. 211 . . 513 . . 512 . . 20() . . 250 . . 268 . . 240 .109. . . 95 . ..6,». . .73. , .107., . . 38 . . .9. ..45. • -^i- . .77 . ..14. ..86. E Eagleville . . . East Lynne . Easton East Prairie. Edgorton . . . . Edina Edinburg . . . Edna Eldon Eldorado Springs . . . Ellington . . . Elliott Ellsinore . . . . Elmer Elmo Elsberry . . . . Elvins •Eminence . . Eolia Essex Esther Ethel Eugene Eureka Everton Ewing Excelsior Springs . . . Exeter , .45., ..25. , ,112., ,.28., .12. 19. .111, ..56. .76. ..89. .33. ,105. , ,44. .73. ..88. . .36. .109. .73. ..22. ..50. ..63. .81. .14. .29. .97. . . 330 '.'. 275 .1,306 . . .534 . 1,562 . . 300 .1,209 .1,999 .2,503 . . 508 . . 208 . . 350 . . 513 . . 342 .1,018 .2,071 . . 480 . . 343 . . 548 . . 880 . . 423 . . 195 . . 560 . . 522 . . 327 .3,906 . . 375 Fairfax .... Fairmont . . Fair Play . . Fairport . . . , Fairview ... Farber •Farmington Fayetteville Federal .... Festus Fillmore . . . . Fisk ...1 ..13. , ..77. . .17. ..95. ,..42. ..73. . .46. . .73. ..74. . .16. .108. Flat River 73. Fleming . . . . Flemington Florida . . . . Florisant Foley Fordland . . . Forest City . Forest Park Foristell , .30. , .77. .34. .53. .44. .84. .15. .63. .62. Fornfelt 111. .49. Fortuna . . Foster .... Frankclay Frankford Franklin .Tunction •Frederick- town Freeburg Freeman . . Freistatt . . French Village. 73. Frisco 109. Fruitland . . . .110. Fulton 51. .73. .36. .40. .91. .57. .45. .82. ...666 .. 360 . . 431 . . 2.59 . . 308 . . 305 .2,613 . . 200 . . 499 .2,550 . . 233 . . 808 .5,113 . . 590 . . 250 . . 209 . . 765 237 '. '. 303 . . 534 . . 475 . . 2.50 .1,209 . . 203 . . 318 . . 350 . . 793 . . 260 .2,632 . . 331 . . 251 . . 2.50 . . 230 . . 209 G •Gainesville •Galena . . . Gallatin . . . Gait Garden City Gentry Gontryville Gerald . . . . Gideon Gilliam Gilnian Gilman Glasgow Glendale .102. . .98. . .18. . .19. City City , .45. .. .4. . .4. , .60. ,113. ..39. ,. .5. .40. ..63. , . 290 , . 353 . 1 ,835 , . 583 , . 713 , . 236 . 250 .1,.507 .. 808 Ton:n.-i tur.i. r,,,,, Gl( nwood 9. . . . 'A','-, (iolik n City . . .75 883 V,'t\\i-r 26 370 <:''ili-'m 2 361 <:'"'nl.y 95... 2,443 ndin i05. ..1,500 Grand Pass ...39 200 Grandview . . . .37. . . . 250 (Jrmiteville . . .90. . '. '. «,»« •Cirant City . . . .3. . .1,207 fliaphite 106 266 Gray Summit . .60. . . . 229 tireon Castle . ..8. . . . 454 (Iroen City 8 844 •Greenfield ... .81 ... 1,434 Green Ridge . .47 436 Greontop <>. . . . 275 •Greenville . . .106. . . . 914 Greenwood .... 37 ... . 306 Gregg 95. . . . 490 Guilford 2 207 H Hale 31 581 Hallard 30 275 Hallsville 41 200 Hamburg 63 296 Hamilton 37. . .1,761 Hannibal 24.. 18,341 Hardin 30 6.35 Harlem 29. .. . 250 Harris 8 395 •Harrisonville .45... 1,947 Hartshorn K6. . . . 250 •Hartville 85 507 Harviell 108 201 Harwood 65 208 Hawk Point ..44 299 Hayti 115. . .1.057 Helena 16. . . . 206 Hematite 74 306 H<^^(irickson . .108 200 Henrietta 30. . . . 443 •Herman 59... 1,592 •Hermitage . . .67 360 Hibbard 112. ..1,243 Hickman Mills. 37 220 Higbee 33... 1,215 Higginsville .. .38. . .2,628 High Hill 43 360 •Hillsboro 74 261 Hillside 63 2.">0 Holionib III.... 279 Holdrn 16. . .3,007 Holland 115 273 Hollidav 34 262 Holstein 61. . . . 403 Holt .'. 39. ... 336 Hopewell Academy . . .61 300 Hopkins 3 909 Hnrnersville . . 111. . . . 390 Hough 113 2.50 •Houston 86. . . . 614 Houstonia ... .47 349 Hughesville .. .47 290 Humansville ...77 913 Hume .52. . . . 514 Humphrevs 8.... 282 Hunnew. 11 . . . .23 406 Hunt.'rville ...109 225 •Huntsville .. .33. . .2,247 Hurdland 12 322 I lantha 75 2.50 Iberia 56 438 nialla 109 200 Illmo Ill 976 Independence . .57. . .9,8.'>9 Irondale 72 338 •Ironton 90 721 J •Jackson 110... 2,105 Jarksonvllle . .33 390 .lanii'son 18. . . . 3.58 Janicsport . . . . 18. . . . 621 Jamestown . . . .49. . . . 305 Jane 96 303 Jasper 80 644 Jefferson Barracks ...63 802 JEFFKRSOX riTY .50. .11.8.50 JefTreys 37 360 Jennings 63 800 Jericho .«:prln(r87« 395 Jerome 70 . . . 106 Jonesburg 13 ... . 450 119 Mis souri Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Joplin 80. .33,078 Josephville . . ..63. . . . 306 K ♦Kahoka 13... 1,818 ♦Kansas City .37.248,381 Kearney 2i>. . . . 631 *Kennett 114... 3,033 Keota 22. . . . 7 *KeytesviIle ...33.'. ..£ Kidder 27. ... 3 Kimmswick ...74.... 2 King City 4 9 ♦Kingston 27. ... 5 Kingsville 46. . . . 2 Kinloch 63. ... 3 *Kirksville 10. . .6,3 Kirkwood 63... 4,1 Knob Lick ....73.... 2 Knobnoster ...46.... 6 Knobview 70. . . . 2 Knox City ... .13 31 Koeltztown ...57 21 Towns Loca. Pop. La Belle . . . Laclede .... Laddonia . . . La Due . . . . , La Grange . . •Lamar . . . . , Lamonte . . . ♦Lancaster . . La Plata . . . Laredo Larussell . . . , Latham Lathrop .... Lawson Leewood . . . . Leasburg . . . ♦Lebanon . . . Lecoma Leeper Lees Summit Leeton Le May Leslie Lesterville . . Lewis Station . . . Lewistown . . ♦Lexington . . Lexington Junction . . Liberal ♦Liberty .... lacking Lilbourne . . . Lincoln Linden ♦Linn ♦Linn Creek . Linnens Livonia T^ock Spring . Lockwood Louisiana . . . . Lowry City . . Lucerne Ludlow Lutesville . . . . M McFall ♦Macon Madison Maitland Maiden Malta Bend . . Manchester . . Mansfield .... Maplewood . . . ♦Marble Hill . Marceline .... Marionville . . Marquand .... ♦Marshall . . . . ♦Marshfield .. Marston ] Marthasville . Martinsburg . . ♦Maryville . . . . Marzolf Mascot Matthews . . . .] ♦Maysville . . . . Mayview May wood Meadville Mehlville ♦Memphis Mendon Mendota . . , Mercer .... Merchants . Merwin .... Meta Metz ♦Mexico Miami Middletown Midland .... ♦Milan Milford .... Miller Mill Grove . Mill Spring . Mindenmines . . 7o Mine La Motte.91 Mineral Paint. 72 Mirabile .... '>n Missouri City Moberly Mokane .... Jlonarch . . . Monett Monroe City Montgomery City ♦Monticello Montrose Mooresville Morehouse ...6. .64. .53. .57. .65. .42. .39. .43. .63. ..83. . .6. 106. ..39. . .33. . .51. . .63. .97. . .34. .14. .43. .53. .30. 113. Morley ij 1 .. 220 .. 405 .5,242 Morrison Mori-isviile . . Moscow Mills Mound Cit.v Moundville" . . Mountain Grove Mountain View Mount Leonard 39 Mount Moriah .5 Mount PIeasant.63 ♦Mount Vernon. 82 ..1,984 . . . 408 ... 808 . . . 533 . . . 333 . . . 309 . . . 399 . . . 340 ..5,939 . . . 431 . . . 333 . . . 306 ..3,191 , . . 250 . . . 343 ...275 . . 335 . . 591 . . 408 . . 390 .. 350 . . 559 10,93.'J . . 646 . . 350 .4,177 .1,945 .1,789 .. 283 . . 667 . . 205 .1,636 . . 495 . . 357 . . 360 . . 395 .1,575 . . 347 2' owns Osage City . . . .50. Osborn 17. Osceola ee! Osgood 8. Otterville 48. Overland 63. Owonville 59 Oxley i((7. ♦Ozark 99. Loca. J'op. . . 230 . . 360 .1,114 . . 304 . . 453 . . 860 . . 677 . . 309 . . 813 .60. .24. .65. .34. .38. 113. '.is! .36. .45. .35. .93. .79. N Naylor Neck Neelyville . , Nelson ♦Neosho . . Nettleton .. ♦Nevada . . . Newark New Bloomfield Newburg „ New Cambria.' !33 New Florence. .43 New Frankfort. 39 Nev/ Franklin. .40 New Hampton. .5 New Haven . . .60 ♦New London. .35 ♦New Madrid. 113 New Melle ... .62 New Offenburg . . .92, Newtonia 95 1 Newton . Niangua , Nichols . , Nixa Noel .... Norbourne Normandy Norwood . Novelty . . Novinger . .85... 1,722 103 552 . . . 200 . . . 350 . . . 500 .1,161 , . . 406 . . 528 .. 241 . . 480 .3,661 . . 290 .7,176 .. 217 .. 309 .. 933 .. 387 .. 434 .. 250 .. 794 . . 456 . . 855 . . 942 .1,883 . . 250 107. ..80. .108. ..39. . .95. .' !65.' . .13. . .51. 70. Oak Grove . Oak Ridge . Oakville . . . Oak wood . . Odessa O'Fallon . . . Old Mines . Old Monroe Old Orchard Olean Olivette .... Oran ♦Oregon . . . . Oronogo . . . . Orrick . . .8. ..84. ..83. . .99. . ..96. . .31. 63. . .85. . .13. ..10. ..37. .110. . .63. . .34. ..38. . .62. . .44. . .63. ..56. . .63. .111. ..15. . .80. ..30. . . 350 .. 293 . . 261 . . 350 .. 203 .. 276 . . 320 .1.241 . . 200 . . 350 . . 333 .1,711 .. 641 . . 356 . . 509 . . 466 .3,531 .. 690 . . 406 . . 251 .2,500 . . 214 . . 390 .1,023 .1,003 .1,913 . . 435 Pacific ♦Palmyra .. Panama .... ♦Paris Parkville . . Parma Parnell .... Pattonsburg Paynesville . Peculiar . . . Perry ♦Perryville . Phillipsburg , Pickering . . , Piedmont . . , Pierce City . Pilot Grove . Pilot Knob . . Pii.e Lawn . . ♦Pineville . . . ♦Platte City . Piatt City Station . . . Plattonsburg ♦Plattsburg . Pleasant Hill. . ., Pleasant Hope. 77 Pocahontas . .110 Pollock 8 Polo 27 Pomona io3 Ponce de Leon. 98 ♦Poplar Bluff. 108 Portage Des Sioux .... Portageville Portland .. ♦Potosi .... Powersville ♦Princeton Prosperity . Purcell .... Purdin ,^ Purdy . .97 Puxico 109 Q Queen City 9 Quitman 3 Qulin ios B 106. .83. .48. .90. .63. .96. .38. .38. .18. .36. 42. ..1,418 ..2,168 . . . 490 ..1,474 . . . 766 . . . 903 , . . 433 .1,044 . . . 366 . . 305 . . 895 .1,708 .. 260 .. 264 .1,154 .2,043 . . 654 . . 445 . . 200 . . 500 .. 763 .. 309 .1,044 .1,650 .3,065 .. 308 . . 339 . . 292 . . 536 . . 322 . . 250 .6,916 Townt Loca. Pop. ♦Sainte Genevieve . . .93. Saint Francois. 73! Saint James. . .70 ♦Saint Joseph .35.' ♦Saint Louis. . .64. Saint Marys . . .93 Saint Paul . . . .63.' Saint Peters ..62.' Salem 87'. Salem Salisbury Sarcoxie . . ♦Savanna . Savoy . . . . Schell City ♦Sedalia . . Seligman . . Senath . . . . Seneca . . . Seymour . . Shelbina . . Shelbyville Sheldon .18. .32. .80. .16. .65'. .47. .97. 114. ..95. .84. .33. .33. 65. Sheridan 3 ...63. .113. ...51. ...73. 7. ...6. , ..80. ..80. .31. .. 218 •• ^P . . 375 .. 773 . . 562 .1,385 .1,063 . . 994 . . 337 . . 459 . . 814 . . 701 . . 330 . . 590 Sibley Sikeston . . . Silex Skidmore . . Slater Sligo Smithfield .. Smithton . . . Smithville . South Gorin South Greenfield South West City Sparta Spickard . . . , Spoonerville , ♦Springfield , Spurgeon . . . Stahl Stanberry .37 .111. . .44. '. .39'. ..87. . .80. . .47. . .29. . .11. ..81. ..96. . .99. . . .19.. .114.. ..83.. . .95. . ..10. . .4 Steel 115. Ravanna 6. Raven wood ... .3. Raymore 45.' Rayville 30 ! Rea 16 Readsville . . . .51 .' Reeds 80! Reeds Spring. .98. Reger 8. Rembert 85. Renick . . , Republic . . Reynolds . . Richards Rich Hill.. Richland . . ♦Richmond Ridgeway . Ritchie . . . Rocheport Rochester . ♦Rockport Rockville .33. .83. .89. .65. .53. .69. .30. ..5. .95. .41. .16. . .1. 53. Rocky Comfort. 96 Rogersville ♦Rolla Rombauer . Rosebud . . Rosendale Rothville . Rushville . Russellville Rutledge . . .84. . .70. , .108. , . .59. .. .16. . .32. . .25. . .50. . .11. Saint Clair ... .60 ♦Saint Charles. 63. . . . 251 . . . 341 ...218 . . . 239 . . . 210 , .2,065 , . . 298 .. 309 . . 250 . . 250 . . 213 .. 884 . . 250 . . 303 .2,7,55 . . 884 . 3,664 .. 841 . . 350 . . 4.34 .. 200 .1,053 . . 566 . . 406 . . 650 .2,361 . . 2.99 . . 266 . . 359 . . 245 . . 566 . . 335 . . 418 .. 397 .9,437 ♦Steelville . Stewartsville ♦Stockton .. Stotts City . Stoutland . . Stoutsville . Stover Strafford .. Strasburg . . Stratmann . Sturgeon . . . Sugar Creek Sullivan .... Sulphur Springs . . .Summersville Sumner „,. Sweet Springs.. 39! Syenite 73. .71. .17. .76. .82. .68. .34. ..55. .83. .45. .63. , .41. . .37.. .60.. .74. . 86. . 33.. ..1,967 ..1,40C ..1,100 .77,403 687,039 ... 703 . . . 200 ... 369 ..1,796 ... 349 ..1,834 ..1,311 ..1,583 ... 600 ... 563 .17,832 . . . 409 . .1,026 ... 981 . . . 590 ..3,174 ... 685 ... 538 ... 409 ... 200 ..3,327 ... 376 . . . 562 . .3,338 ... 309 . . . 509 ... 346 ... 680 ... 746 ... 274 ... 488 .. . 271 . . . 638 . . . 341 .35,201 . . . 250 . . . 390 . .2,121 . . . 506 . . . 773 . . . 543 . . . 590 . . . 546 . . . 250 . . . 315 . . . 386 . . 300 . . 350 . . 600 .. 663 . . 500 .. 934 .. 260 . . 2.36 . . 394 .1,122 .. 206 Tarkio 1 Tebbetts 51. Thayer 104' Tina 31. Tipton 49. ♦Trenton . . . . .19 Trimble . .26 Triplett ... . .32 ♦Troy . .44 Truxton . . . . .44 Turney .... . .26 ♦Tuscumbia . . .56 Tuxedo ..63 ♦Union Union Star ♦Unionville LTniversity Urich . . . . Utica Valley Park ♦Van Bur.^n Vandalia Vandu^er . . Verona . . . . ♦Versailles . Vichy ♦Vienn.a . . . . ..60. ..17. . . .7. . .64. ..53. , .20. .. .63. . .105. . . .43. ..111. . . .S2 . ..55. , . r,n. . .58. .1,966 . . 360 .1,613 . . 304 .1,273 . . 565 . . 332 . . 473 .1,120 . . 275 . . 212 . . 285 . . 860 . . 934 . . 388 .2,115 .3.417 . . 487 . . 511 .1,496 .. 411 .1,595 . . 388 . . 415 .1,593 . . 216 . 312 120 mI Missouri Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Lova. Pop. VV Wakenda 31. Walker 65. Walnut Grove .83. Warren 24. *Warrensburg .46. *Warrenton ...61. ♦Warsaw 54. Washburn . . . .97. Washington . . .60. Watson 1. Wayham 55. 364 599 299 ,6K9 T95 824 219 ,671 245 777 Towns Luca. P(>i), Wayne 97 . . *Waynesville ..69.. Weaubleau ....67.. Webb City ... .80. . Webster Groves. 64. , Wellington ... .38. . Wellston 63.. Wellsville 43.. Wentzville ....62.. Westalton 63. . Westboro 1 . . Weston 28. . . 384 . 2.57 . 347 1,817 7,081 . 558 J,312 1,164 . 539 . 299 . 333 1,119 Tincnii Louis is one of the few greatest markets in the world. While out of the Central Cotton belt it ships annually over 600.000 bales of this staple, ami handles yearly over $2,000,000 worth of furs. We mention these two articles because if it does so large a business in cotton and furs it is easy to see that its traffic in agricultural productions, native to this state and the immediate region, must be immense. A FEW MISSOURI STATISTICS. It should be remembered that Missouri is a young State; not a half of its resources are yet developed. We could dilate upon various other resources and easily make a large volume relating to this State, but space does not permit. We advise the land- seekers to carefully investigate the claims of Mis- souri. Its coal beds, which extend under one-half of the State, its iron, lead and zinc mines; wool, live stock, dairy, lumber and other interests. 1854. "St. Louis was a squalid border town." We quote the above from Ingalls liecausi' of his- torical mention. "St. Louis, a squalitf town" at that period. No sleeping cars and no dming cars in those days; the ".American Desert" was a fact at that time and the railroad ended at Jefferson City. What wonderful changes have taken place since Ingalls made his journey into the West, and how short the time! Men in middle years recollect that period distinctly. Will this State go forward as rapidly in the future as in the past? Why not? When Ingalls crossed Missouri at that time there were only 6S0.000 people in the State; less than the population today of St. Louis. PROBABLE FlTl RE OF SUSSOURL It is no great stretch of imagmation to suppose that Missouri will have a population, not far away in the future, as dense as Ohio, which will give her a vastly increased population over the present. With a doubling of population there will be a great increase in land values throughout the State. The average price of improved land today is |25 per acre; unimproved Is $10. Much Improved Is higher in price, while much is only $10, $15 and $20 per acre. CONDENSED I.MPORT.VXT F.VCTS RELATINti TO MISSOURI. .Altitude. Highest in the State, Cedargap, Wright County, 1,683 feet high. Climate. St. Louis: .Average annual January temperature, 30; average annual July tempmit ur .•. 79; highest temperature. 100; loWfSt tfrnp'rai ur.-, 22 below zero. Average annual rainfall, 41.1 IucIls. Dimensions. Extreme breadth, east to west. 300 miles; extreme length, north to south, 2S0 miles. Hi«tor.v. Lead mines attracted att. : " ".'l Settlement at St. Genevieve, 1735. Tf i 1 by France to Spain, 1702; ret receded France, ISOO; sold by Franc- to t';- 1; . 1803. 121 MONTANA STATE AND THE 28 COUNTIES OF MONTANA With Their Boundaries €_ a INI A © 11 /!^ © (Ml B IM II © IM LOCATION AND rOPlLATION OF MONTANA COUNTIKS. Loca. Vijunty Pop. 1 T.incoln. . 3,638 2 Flathead. .18,785 3 Teton 4 Chouteau, 5 Valley, 6 Sanders 7 Missoula, 8 Powell. 9,516 .17,191 .13,620 . 3.713 . 23,596 . 5.904 Loca. County Pop. O.Lewis P. Clark. .21,853 10 Cascade. 11 Ferg 12 Dawson . .28,633 .17,385 .i; 13 Ravalli. .11,066 14 Granite. , 1.5 Deerlodge. 2,942 5,904 16 Silverbow. .56,848 Loca. Count!/ Pop. 17 Jefferson.. 5,601 18... Broadwater.. 3,491 19 Meagher.. 4,190 20... Beaverhead.. 6,446 21 Madison. . 7,229 22 Gallatin. .14,079 23 Park.. 10,731 24... Sweet Grass.. 4,029 County Pop. . Carbon . llowstone. Rosebud. . Custer. .13,962 .22,944 . 7,905 .14,123 Total 376,053 Montana Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Aldridse 23 300 *Anaconda ... .15. .10,134 Armstead 20.... 380 Augusta 9. . . . 290 Baker ... Basin .... Bearcreek Belgrade . Belt Benton . . Bigfork . . *Bigtiniber *BiIlings . Bonner . . * Bowlder *Bozeman Bridger . . Broadview Busteed . . *Butte . . . . . . 250 . . . 650 . . . 302 . . . 561 ..1,158 . .1,024 . . . 408 ..1,022 ..1,031 . . . 760 . . . 955 . .5,107 . . . 514 . . . 260 . .3.013 .39,163 Lora. Pop. Cascade 10. Centerville ... .16. Chinook 4. *Chouteau 3. Clancey 17. Clydepark 22. Coalville 25. Columbia Falls. .2. Columbus 26. Coinrad 3. Culbertson 5. Cut Bank 3. . 400 2,506 . 780 , . 406 . 360 . 480 . 260 . 601 . 521 , . 888 , . 528 . 250 D Dagmar !> *Deer Lodge. . . .8 *Dillon 20 Dodson 4 Drummond ... 14 Dupuyer 3 . 208 2,570 1,855 . 220 . 3.50 . 369 Lora. Pop. E East Helena. .. .9. . .1,208 Electric Elliston Eureka ♦Forsyth *Fort Benton. Fort Shaw. . . . Frenchtown . . Fromberg . . . . .23 490 ..8 260 . .1. . 603 .27... 1.395 . .4. . .1,004 .10 375 . .7 360 .25 309 G Gardiner Garnett . Glltedge ♦Glasgow *G]endive ♦Great Falls .23. .14. .11. . .5. .12. . 560 . 250 . 308 1,1.58 2,428 .10. .13.948 Loca. Pop. H ♦Hamilton . . . .13. . Hardin 26. . Harlowton . . . .19. . Havre 4. . .3 Hays 4 Helena (capitol) 9..1 Henderson 7 . Hobson 11. Hoffman 23. Huntley 26. ,240 250 770 624 412 ,515 260 209 208 250 Iron Mountain Ismay Jossup .Jocko .Toliet Judith Gap 250 360 220 5,50 389 260 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same PS Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 122 Montana Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. * Kalispell Kendall . . .2. . .5,549 .11. .1,280 Laurel .... *Lewistown *Libby Lima •Livingston Lothrop . . . . Malta Manhattan . Marysville . . Meaderville . Melrose Melstone *M:les City . . ♦Missou'.p. . . . Monarch Monda'-. Moore 26. ... 806 11. . .2,992 .1. . . . 630 20. . . . 385 2». . .5,359 .7. . . . 250 .5. . . . 433 22 . . . 460 .9. . .1,506 16. . .1,838 16. . . . 208 11. . . 262 28. . .4,697 .7. .13.869 10. . . . 383 . . . 350 11. ...573 Lora. Pop. Neihart Paradise . ..6. .. Parlt Citv . . . ..26... Philbrook . . . ..11... *Philipsburg ..14.. . Plains ...6... Poison ...2... Pony Poplar ..5... Prickly Pear Junction . . ..9... Princeton . . . .14. . . Rftdersburg ♦Red Lodge Rosebud . . . Roundup . . . Ruby .18. .25. .27. .11. .21. . 250 . 460 . 208 1,109 . 481 . 369 . 369 . 260 1,208 . 303 . . 364 .4,860 . . 250 . 1,513 . . 260 Lora. I'op. S .'iaco Saint Peter Saint Regis Saltese Sandcoulee '. Shelby Sheridan . . . Sidney Smith Some rs .... Stanford . . .'. Stevensville Stock ett .... Sun River . . Sweetgrass . . .5. . . 260 10. .. 302 .7. . . 350 .7. .. 350 10. .. 980 .3. . . 206 .3. . . 399 12. . . 362 25. . . 382 .2. . . 750 11. . . . 240 13. . . 796 10. . .1,404 10.. .. 448 .3. . . 290 Terry ♦Thompson Three Forks *Townsend . Trail Creek Trov .28. . .6. .18. .23. . .1 . 706 335 674 759 562 208 Twin Bridges .21. Twodot 19. V^ictor •Virginia city Walkerville .. Washoe Wataga Wayne Westljutte ... West Knd Whately Whitelish .... Wliitchall . . . . •While Sulphu Springs . . . . Wibaux Wickes Willow Creek Wisdom .13. 21. .16. .35 . .24. .10. ..4. .22. ..5. ..2. .17. .19. .12. .17. Pop. 491 260 . . 374 . . 467 .3,491 . . 330 . . 360 . . 3.-.0 . . 363 . . 406 . . 508 .1,479 . . 417 , . 417 , . 487 . 203 . . 208 . . 250 Zortman 1 . MONTANA A Great State, Great in Cattle Raising, Great in Mining and Great in Opportunities for Irrigation. This is a great State. Great in size. Great in mountains and wild scenery. Great in its sheep and cattle "on a thousand hills." Great in its inex- haustible mineral resources, great in its output of gold, silver and copper; great in its niilions of acres of government land yet unappropriated. Great in stupendous mining operations and great in its pos- sibilities for land seekers who will settle in the irrigated valleys and raise ripe, fresh agricultural and horticultural food products to feed the miners who get good pay and are willing to pay a liberal price for good tilings to eat. E.\RLY EXPLORERS In a searcli for furs a Frenchman and his sons wandered through these mountain fastnesses, as early as 1742. Lewis and C'larlie, in 1S05, marveled at the great water falls, climbed over the Rocky Mountains and went westward to the Pacific Coast. Following came a trading post on the Yellowstone River in 1800, and a fur station up in the valley country in 1.S27. erected Fort I'nion at the junction of the Milk River witli the Missouri River. Five years went by when the denizens at the fort were surprised one clay, in 1S32, by the arrival of a small steamer called the Yellowstone. Fort Buford was constructed at the junction of the Yellowstone River with the Missouri and the steamer Assinni- boine got up to that point in 1S35. In 1S46, close up to Great Falls, Fort Benton was built in Clioteau county and the steamer Chippewa readied that point on the Missouri River in 18G0, and established that as the liead of navigation. For 23 years the Missouri River was the great thoroughfare for getting into the interior of Mon- tana and not until the Northern Pacific Railroad reached Helena, in 1883, did the Missouri River traffic die out. TWO GRE.\T DIVISIONS. There are two great divisions of the State in top- ography. The western, one-third of the State, is mountainous; the eastern, two-thirds, a vast un- dulating, rolling expanse of prairie, gradually rising from the east to the Rocky Mountains, broken only by river valleys and occasional groups of moun- tains. The prairie eounties are Valley, Dawson, Custer, Rosebud, Yellowstone, Carbon, .Sweet Grass, Fergus and Choteau, and a larger part of the Teton and Cascade counties. The other counties are mountain- ous, include the mineral regions and fertile agricul- tural valleys aided by irrigation and the continuous sunshine. A COLD AND DRY CLrM.\TE The climate of the State is dry and bracing, the winters are at times very cold, but as thorough preparation is made for cold weather and the sun IS nearly always sliining in the daytime, the wint.rs are pleasant seasons. Formerly stockmen lost heavily of their sheep and cattle from the cold, but having learned the peculiarities of winters, and the necessity of having feed and shelter in severe weather, the loss by snowstorms and sudden cold no longer continues as formerly. LENGTH OF Ol TDOOR SEASONS. Tlie length of the warmest outdoor season may be judged by the opening of the tourist sea.son in Yellowstone Park, June 1, and ending September 1, but one month may be added to that in the spring and two delightful months in the fall, while many people claim that with the continually clear air and wealth of sunshine all seasons, especially in the valleys and on the low lands, are delightful. WHERE TO INVESTIGATE CONDITIONS. The land seeker coming into Montana to procure acres and cultivate tlie soil, after going to the cen- trally located land olliccs, easily found from our table of county seats, and list of go\ernment land offices, which we publish elsewhere, will lind It ad- vantageous to consult mine owners as to where they get food supplies and the cost. Grocerj-men are also well informed, hotel keepers know where they get the best of vegetables and fruits, market gardeners know what can be produced in this cli- mate to best advantage, men in cliarge of Irrigation works know where other well located fruit and vegetable land is located, and real estate dealers are conversant with prices. They are also well In- formed about lands and probably are best authority that can be consulted as to agricultural possibilities in the region. The buyer of land should go slow enough and deliberate enough to get well situated on a small tract of ground near a nourishing mining town. We say small because that will mean less expense, better cultivation and greater profit. We are allud- ing now to the market gardener and the horticul- turist. If the Investor desires to engage In stock raising that Is another matter. The government land offices and stock dealers can give required In- formation to the land seeker. 123 Montana Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises The following brief outline of counties may aid a little in selection, but it is wisdom to only buy real estate after seeing the land and carefully in- vestigating all the conditions, relating to title, cost of cultivation, distance to markets, market prices, etc. LARGELY DEPENDING ON IRRIGATION. This is a dry climate, where agriculture is largely depending, in fruit and vegetable culture, on irriga- tion, and among the first propositions will be in- vestigation relating to water supply, though it may be understood that 40 per cent of the tilled lands of the state are now producing without the aid of irrigation. By the provisions of the new irrigation bill the United States government will irrigate the land and give the settler ten years to pay the cost. Thus if it costs $20 an acre, the farmer will pay .$2 a year for 10 years and the cost is paid. If to put in the irrigation works costs $10 an acre, one dollar a year, without interest, will remunerate the government, and the debt be paid in 10 years. Several irrigation enterprises are going forward in Montana and various plans are pursued in pay- ing for first putting the woiks in. Some irrigation < ompanies obtain a large tract of land, build canals leading water to these lands, and sell, with irriga- tion, for a small weekly or monthly payment. Since the new irrigation law has come into force, which gives the settler a chance to make a small annual payment, without interest, thousands of farmers are buying irrigated land, preferring to pay for absolute assurance that they can raise crops, inde- pendent of rainfall. The whole situation relating to irrigation is soon learned when the land seeker arrives in the region where he proposes to settle. See our description of Government Irrigation else- where. GREAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR IRRIGATING. Because of the uneven surface of the entire state and so many streams coming from the highlands, it is believed to be a conservative statement that one- fourth of all the land in the state is susceptible to irrigation. This applies particularly to the agri- cultural land in the mountainous regions of the western parts of the state where water from the mountain sides can be easily conveyed to the lands in the valleys. This also applies to a large portion of the east- ern counties. Thus Valley county, now principally devoted to stock raising, can have 300 square miles successfully irrigated. Our table of government lands shows a good deal of government land yet left in this county. In favor of irrigation it may be said that aver- age lands worth $2.50 per acre can have a value of $.">0 and $100 per acre placed on them after they receive water. Choteau Count.y has seventy rich valleys with some irrigated land where the farmers are highly prosperous. The most of the land is yet unoccupied and new settlers will be welcomed here. It costs about $3 an acre to put water on this land, which can be paid for with the first crop. In Teton County an irrigation company has re- claimed some 40,000 acres, have sold a good deal of their land, but a large amount yet remains un- sold. The price of land, with water, is $15 per acre up. WAITING FOR NEW SETTLERS. Flathead Count.y, in the beautiful Flathead val- ley, thirty-five by eighteen iniles in area, with tens of thousands of acres of forest lands on the higher elevations adjoining, waiting for the incoming home- steaders. The Chinook winds, from the Pacific, flow in here and the winter clinjate is mild, so mild the thermometer very seldom reaches down to zero. Dawson County is adapted to, and is at present utilized for stock raising. It has rich valleys which could easily be irrigated. Fergus County has varied resources: timber cov- ered mountains and valley lands with different soils, mining lands and coal beds. Cascade County has numerous resources, among them great water power, coal, iron and a rich soil for growing agricultural products. Lewis and Clarke County is one of the most pro- lific producers of precious metals of any county in the state, has a large area of farming land easily irrigated and persons interested in searching for gold should investigate the mineral opportunities of this county. VALUES ADDED BY IRRIGATION. The last United States Governinent Report of agriculture, mining and irrigation in Montana gives the following as the increased value of lands in each county, the result of irrigation: Average Average Cost Value per .Acre Ex- for Water clusive of Buildings. per Acre. Unirri- Irri- Annual gated gated Mainte- Counties — Farms. Land. nance. Beaver Head .... .. .$3.3S $13.24. $0.20 Bioadwater .-).43. 10.74. 0.16 Carbon 3.20. 19.69. 0.26 Cascade 4.00. 15.04. 0.31 Choteau .... 2.25 . 13.88. 0.27 Custer 2.32. 29.47. 0.79 Dawson 2.04. 12.19. 0.39 Deer Lodge 4.79. 20.48. 0.23 Fergus 2.16. 12.70. 0.21 Flathead . ..11.58. 32.46. 0.52 Gallatin . . .10.74. 31.22. 0.13 Granite 5.20. 14.99. 0.27 Jefferson 2.59. 22.31. 0.14 Lewis and Clarke. 5.26. 14.00. 0.20 Madison 6.18. 17.70. 0.23 Meagher 1.25. 12.49. 0.14 Missoula 8.46. 55.91. 0.33 Park 4.73. 15.73. 0.33 Ravalli 6.44. 37.46. 0.12 Silver Bow .5.54. 23.77. 0.17 Sweet Grass 2.32. 21.31. 0.68 Teton 4.22. 14.82. 0.32 Valley 3.52. 18.47. 0.15 Yellowstone 1.37. 32.15. 0.49 CONDENSED rVIPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. Highest, Emigrant Peak, in Park Co., 10,969 feet. Climate. Mild but bracing. Summers warm and dry, nights cool. Winters short and tempered by Chinook winds. Autumn most delightful season. Severest cold after Christmas. Rainfall light. Average annual temperature, state, 46. Highest 103, lowest 42 below. Average annual rainfall at Helena, 13 inches. Diniensions. Length of state north and south, 315 miles; breadth, east and west, 580 miles. History. Explored by Lewis and Clarke, 1804-6. Trading post established on Yellowstone River, 1809. Fort Union, in Dawson Co., built in 1827. Fort Benton, in Choteau Co., on Missouri River, erected 1846. Territory organized 1864, admitted to the Union 1889. MEN GET HOMES — WOMEN GET H Chinook, Mont. Max Bass, Dear Sir: — In my sixteen years' ex- perience in the Milk river valley I have never felt more optimistic over the prospects for the valley than at the present time. The government, under the beneficent "Irrigation Act." is already at work on the St. Mary's Milk River Project that will reclaim at least a quarter of miUion acres more of our rich, but arid, valley lands. Our extensive public ranges bearing the world- renowned bunch and blue joint grass, and our short tnild winters will make this one of the greatest stock producing centers of the west. Our present need is for more help on our ranches. Farm hands have been getting $40 per month for nine months of the year for the past four years. Girls for housework get from $18 to $25 per month, USBANDS AT CHINOOK, MONTAN.4. and have many advantages not accorded to the domestics employed in the older settled sections of the United States. Men who come here to work soon get themselves a piece of land and the girls soon get a man, thus instead of increasing the sup- ply, they increase the demand for more laborers. Work can almost always be secured here in the winter, though, of course, at somewhat lower wages. The shortage of labor has depreciated the price of land ai'd it is said by competent authority that land is cheaper here in proportion to its produc- tivitj', than almost anywhere in the United States. Irrigated lands can be purchased here now for $25 per acre that can be made to yield a handsome in- terest on three times that price. There are also un- doubtedly many acres of vacant public land, open to homestead and desert entry, that will some day be irrigated. Yours respectfully, W. B. Sands. 124 Montana — General Information About Irrigation METHODS or IRKIGATION. The Twentieth Century Farmer Gives Herewith Directions and Important Suggestions On How to Irrigate Properly. Since the practice of irrigation is conaing into general use over a continually increasing area, a discussion of the inethods of conducting and the advantages that come from such a system may not be entirely inappropriate. WHERE TO GET WATER. When farming under irrigation, in addition to buying a farm, water must also be procured. This may come frona two sources. Either from the natural mountain streams or by the melting snows that have accumulated on the mountain sides and in the canyons during the winter months, or from storage reservoirs in the foothills where the water from snows and rains may be retained until lib- erated for irrigation. BUYING LAXD WITH WATER RIGHT. When valley land is first taken up the farmers file a claim for so many miners' inches, as that is the basis for measuring irrigation water, in the nearest mountain streain, with the state government, and these "prior rights" are recognized. After all the water has been taken in this way the usual method is to buy a < ertain portion from an early settler or by building large storage dams across the canyons increase the amount of water available during the irrigation season. Most of the Montana valley lands at present are covered by a water right, and these have been adjusted for some time, so that when a farm is purchased the water right is included. WATER COMMISSIONER'S DUTY. As the water rights frequently include land sev- eral miles from the main stream, canals are built through the farms that are watered from the stream. Headgates are provided and the amount of water to which each farm is entitled may be taken out. The adjusting of these is usually done by a "water commissioner," a man named by the local judge to apportion the water out as it has been filed upon. LAND JIUST BE MADE LEVEL. The first essential to the proper irrigation of a field is that it must be as near level as possible. This is usually brought about by going over the field just before seeding the crop with a large lev- eler. This is usually made by firmly bracing sev- eral 2x6 12-foot boards, usually four, about three feet apart, and going over the field, over each way, with this implement. This removes the small irregularities, filling the low places and smooth- ing oft tiie higher places. MAIN DITCHES, L.^TERALS AND DAJttS. When the crop is up several inches the main and lateral ditches have to be made. The main ditch comes from the canal and runs across the farm on tlie highest ground. The laterals radiate from the main, starting out every 60 to 100 feet, accord- ing to the contour of the field. They are run to grade, giving them a fall of about one-tenth of a foot in the 100 feet. If greater fall than this is allowed there is danger of great annoyance from the washmg and cuttmg of ditches. These are usually about four inches deep and are run with a double mold board plow. Jf the lateral ditches are plowed before the grain is up great annoyam.- comes from the grain growing up through the sides. As soon as the side ditches arc plowed dams e.very tvventy feet are constructed. This is usually done by means of a dammer, which consists of a flat board face fastened to the frame of an ordi- nary plow This iS drawn along the bottom of ih- ditch and when sutfii-ient earth Is lolleeted in front It 18 simply raised and the small dam rc- mains. These settle and by irrigating time are effective dams. WHEN TO IRRIGATE. It is unwise to irrigate before the crop Is up so as to fully shade the ground. If done bir<,r<- this time, the baking of the soil which comes a.s a result of the rays of hot sun makes undesiralile crop conditions. A crop of grain such as oats or wheat sown April 15, will be tit to irrigate July 1. AFTER W.4TER IS TURNED ON. W^hen the water is turned in the main ditches it is allowed lo run past about four laterals and then is dammed. This forces it into the laterals. As it flows down these and comes in contact with the previously constructed dams it spreads ami is held here until the space between the laterals is entirely flooded. The first dams are th.-n cut out and it moves on to the next, where it is stopped and spreads again. WHAT MAN CAN DO IN IRRIGATING. A good active man can attend to water for about tour or five laterals and will get over from three to five acres in twenty-four hours. Not that he will remain in the field all this time, but by regulating the water so that it will spread considerable land may be covered during the night. RESULT OF IRRIG.4TI0N. An irrigation system affords control of one more of the essential factors in growth than is afforded under ordinary humid conditions, viz.: the moistuw supply. This can be added or withheld according as the needs of the growing crops dictate and the effect is shown in the yields obtained. In Mon- tana, where irrigation has reached a high state of perfection, a yield of 140 bushels of oats per acre is not uncommon. On the Montana Experiment .Station farm, a yield of 14fiii l)ushels of oats to the acre was harvested this last season. CROPS TH.4T ARE HIGHLY BENEFITED. While all the cereal crops do exceptionally well under irrigation, one crop that gives phenomenal returns is sugar beets. It is recognized that late rains which induce late growth in sugar beets cause a marked reduction in the sugar content. When the moisture can be controlled this does not occur and very hlRh sugar content and high purity rejults. Under this condition 22 per cent sugar is not uncommon. Alfalfa grows splendidl.v under Irri- gation and the perfect curing that is possible gives a feed ot the highest quality. In all the many hours of sunshine as a result of the cloudless days, coupled with "water only when best," makes conditions for maximum production. WHAT FARMERS THINK OF MONTANA. CH.^NCES BETTER IN MONTANA. Mr. Max Bass. Great Falls, Mont. Dear Sir; Have lived in Montana twenty-four years. In 1SS4 I engaged in stockraising and farm- ing near Milligan, Mont. I believe that a farmer's chances of success are better in this part of Mon- tana than in any of the eastern states. His income in proportion to the amount of his investment is many times greater; the markets are good; his in- come is sure, and the value of his holdings is constantly increasing. Have been successful myself and believe that others coming here now can do as well. J. W. Milligan. Mr. Max Bass. Houskin, Mont. Dear Sir: I have been farming five years. The first year I had a fine crop. My wheat went thirty-seven bushels per acre that year, oats aver- aged sixty bushels, oarley fifty bushels, potatoes 200 bushels, timothy hay two tons per acre. The second year the oats went forty bushels, barley thirtv-five bushels, potatoes 100 bushels per acre. The "third vear mv wheat averaged seventeen bush- els to the "acre, oats twenty bushels, barley twenty bushels, potatoes about seventy-five bushels to the acre. Mv potato crop was poor that year, be- cause I "planted on too wet ground. Hay about one ton to the acre. The fourth year wheat wi>nt ten bushels to the acre, barley thirty bushels, potatoes 2.">0 bushels per acre, hay one and one-half Ions to the acre. Last year wheat averaged fifteen bushels per acre, barley fifty bushels, potatoes l."i0 bushels, hay one ton per acre. The years l!t04 and 1!»0.") were said to be the dryest during the last fifteen years. The cllmat.- is very good and my stock is looking fine. Yours truly, Fred Gustafson. Houskin, Mont. " Dear^'sir: I came here from South Dakota sev- enteen years ago and I think Montana the l>eBl stue for a pool man who is willing to work that 1 have ev"r seen. I have grown good crops for th>- past 16 years. "Wheat will average twenty-llvo to thirtv bushels per acre, oats forty-five t.> fifty bushels, barley forty to fifty bushels, potatoes 1... sacks, kveraeing fully 100 pounds to the sack am good crops ot timothy and alfalfa. Ail without ""'"'1 h^ls'^s' a fine countrj- for stock. Climate Is very good and wc have fine spring water. " Yours truly. John .T. Toffe. 125 NEBRASKA STATE AND THE 92 COUNTIES OF NEBRASKA With Their Boundaries y T H O ^ W^ T A \ ^ ff. / 1 ,x 6 U''>1.^^ -•^^?^:^ i, iJ.!.J_27 L2L'29J30 l3t ^32 J— ,19 [20^21 ,22 33 L J^5 ! 37 1 38 I j 40 ,41 lllU43 UAjisJiG' '""■■• oc 'l^-H^-'T -—'-■-! 39 '-■-'--•153 I^^T^-^T^^^ .35 _r36~JJ^^^:==1===^^ 151 I 52-54^ 56 157 MT62!63;64|gc LP«_ > NEBRASKA , . .. , .. ,..,.- 73,74175 76,77 : 81 82 i 83 ;84 ! 85 j 86 | 87 , 88 , 89 [90 ^" ■ i79_;80i , 911 92. (K '/^ INI LOCATION AND 1910 POPULATIONS OF NEBRASKA COUNTIES Loca. County 1 Sioux. 2 Dawes. 3. . . . Box Butte. '4 Sheridan. 5 Cherry. 6 Kevpaha. 7 Boyd. 8 Brown . 9 Rock. 10 Holt. 11 Knox. 12 Cedar. 13 Dixon. 14 Dakota. 15 Antelope. 16 Pierce. 17 Wavne. 18 Thurston. 19 Madison. 20 Stanton. 21 Cuming. 22 Burt. 23... . Scotts Bluff. 24 Morrill. Pop. . 8,254 . 5,599 7,328 10,414 3,152 8,826 6,083 3,627 .15,545 .18,358 .15,191 11,477 , 6,564 : 14,003 10,122 .10,397 . 8,704 .19,101 7,542 13,782 12,726 . 8,3.55 . 4, .584 Loca. County 25 Garden. , 26 Grant.. 27 Hooker. . 28 Thomas. . 29 Blaine.. 30 Loup. . 31 Garfield. . 32 Wheeler. . 33 Banner. 34 Kimball. . 35 Chevenne. . 36 Deuel. . 37. . . . McPherson. . 38 Logan. . 39 Custer. . 40 Valley.. 41 Greeley. . 42 Boone. . 43 Platte. . 44 Colfax. . 45 Dodge. . 46. . . Washington. . 47 Keith.. 48 Perkins. . Pop. 3,538 1,097 981 1,191 1,672 2,188 3,417 2,292 .1,444 1.912 4,551 1,786 2,470 1,.521 25,668 9,480 8,047 13,145 19.006 11,610 22,145 12.783 3,692 2,570 Loca. County 49 Lincoln. 50 Dawson. 51 Sherman. 52 Howard. 53 Nance. 54 Merrick . 55 Polk. 56 Butler. 57 Saunders. 58 Douglas. 59 Sarpv. 60 Buffalo. 61 Hall. 62 Hamilton. 63 York. 64 Seward . 65 Lancaster. 66 Cass. 67 Otoe. 68 Chase. 69 Hayes. 70 Frontier. 71 Gosper. 72 Phelps. Pop. .15,684 .15,961 . 8,278 .10,783 . 8,926 .10,379 .10,521 .15,403 .21,179 168,546 . 9,274 .21,907 .20,361 .13,459 .18,721 .15,895 .73,793 .19,786 .19,323 . 3,613 . 3,011 . 8,572 . 4,933 .10.451 /j';«7. County Pop. 73 Kearney. . 9,106 74 Adams. .20,900 75 Clay. .15,729 76 Fillmore. .14.674 77 Saline. .17.866 78 Gage. .30,325 79 Johnson. .10,187 80 Nemaha. .13,095 81 Dundy. . 4,098 82 Hitchcock.. 5,415 83. . . . Redwillow. .11,056 84 Furnas. .12,083 85 Harlan. . 9,578 86 Franklin. .10,303 87 Webster. .12,008 88 Nuckolls. .13,019 89 Thaver. .13,019 90 Jefferson. .16.852 91 Pawnee. .10,582 92.... Richardson. .17,448 Total 1,192,214 Nebraska Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. A Abie 56. Adams 78. *.Vinsworth ... .8. •Albion 42. Alexandria ....89. Allen 13. •Alliance 3. *Alma 85. Alvo 66. Amherst 60. Anselmo 39. Ansley 39. Arapahoe 84. Arcadia 40. . . 219 . . 64J .1,045 .1,584 . . 447 . . 317 .3,105 .1,066 . . 225 . . 256 . . 351 . . 701 . . 901 . . 618 Toicni< Loca. Pop. ArlingtoTi . . . Arnold Ashland Ashton Asylum Atkinson .... Atlanta •Auburn Auburn Station *Aurnra Avoca Axtell B .46. .39. .57. .51. .65. .10. . 72 . !8o! .80. .62. .66. .73. . . 645 . . 231 .1,379 . . 404 . . 601 . . 811 . . 251 .2,729 . . 801 .2,630 . . 249 . . 394 Town.'i Loot. Pop. Barnston 78. , Bartlay 83. . *Bassett 9. , Battle Creek.. 19., Bayard 24. , •Beatrice 78. •Beaver City.. 84. Beaver Cross- ing 64. Bee Beemer . Beldcn . . Belgrade Bellevue Bellwood .64. .21. .12. .53. .59. .56. 228 511 383 597 261 1,356 975 542 207 494 247 401 596 397 Toicns L<, Pop. Belvidere . , Benedict . . . •Benkelman Bennet Bennington Benson .... Bertrand Bethany . . . Bladen .... •Blair 46. . . 89 . .63. . .81. , . 65 . , , . 58 . .58. .65.' .87. , Bloomfield •Bloomington Blue Hill Blue Hill Jel Bradshaw .11. .86. .87. .87. .63. . 475 . 336 . 538 . 457 . 276 3,170 . 643 . 948 . 494 2..584 1,264 . 507 . 761 . 712 . 359 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 126 2'ownt. Nebraska Cities and Villages with 1910 PopuUHnnc Loca. Pop. Brady 49. Brainard ♦Brewster •Bridgeport . Brock ♦Broken Bow Brownville . . Brule Bruning .... Bruno 56 Brunswick . . . .15. Burchard 91 . Burkett 61. •Burwell 31. *Butte 7. 328 56 465 .39 225 .24 541 .80 434 .39. . .3,261 457 To-wns Loca. Pop. .80. . .47., .89. , 481 245 225 278 815 401 915 551 Cairo 61. . Calhoun 46. . Callaway 39. . Cambridge ... .84. . Campbell 86. . Carleton 89. . Carroll 17 Cedar Bluffs . .57. . Cedar Rapids. .42. . •Central City . .54. . .2,428 Ceresco 57 296 ♦Chadron 2... 2,687 Chapman 54. . . 364 . 346 . 765 1,029 . 573 . 393 . 382 . 501 . 576 'Chappell Chester Clarks Clarkson . . . Clatonia .... •Clay Center. Clearwater . . Coleridge . . . CoUegevIew . •Columbus Comstock . . . . Cook Cordova Cortland Cozad Crab Orchard. Craig .36. .89. .54. .44. .78. .75. .15. .12. .65. .43. .39. .79. .64. .78. .50. .79. 22. 266 329 . . . 561 . . . 605 . . . 647 . . . 233 ..1,065 . . . 414 . . . 525 . .1,508 .5,014 . . 323 . . 387 . . 301 . . 364 .1,096 .. 275 . . 338 Creighton Creston . . Crete . . . . Crofton . . Culbertson Curtis . . , Crawford 2 i 3''3 '~'~ "■"' ' ..ii! ; ■ ' ~ .43. . '.11.'.' . 82 . . 70.. D •Dakota 14. . Dalton 35. .83.. .53. . .89. . .56. . .1,373 . . 338 .2,404 . . 611 . . 581 . . 613 Danbury Dannebrog . Davenport . •David City. Dawson Daykin . . . . Decatur Deshler . . . . Deweese . . . De Witt . . . Diller Di.xon Dodge Doniphan . . Dorchester . Douglas . . . . Du Bois . . . Dunbar .... Dundee .... ..90. .22 '. .89;' . .75. ,.77. .90. .13. ..45. .61. , .77. .67. .91. .67. .58. .. 474 . . 207 . . 268 . . 381 . . 484 .2,177 .2,340 . . 321 . . . 783 . . . 609 . . . 201 . . . 675 . . . 506 . . . 217 . . . 661 . . . 399 . . . 611 . . . 305 . . . 339 . . . 216 . . 1,023 E . 361 . 254 1,081 . 334 . 302 Eagle ... Eddyville 50. , Edgar 75. Edison 84. Elba 52 Elgin 15 606 Elk Creek ... .79 241 Elkhorn 58.. 291 Elm Creek . . , .60. . 631 Elmwood 66.. 635 •El wood 71 . . . . 464 Emerson 13. . . . 338 Endicott .90. . . . 204 Eustis 70 403 Ewing 10 441 Exeter 76 916 F •Fairburv Fairfield' . . , Fairmont . , •Falls City .90. . . 7.5 . . .76. . .92. .5,294 . 1,054 . . 921 .3,255 Farnam 50. . Firth 65.. Florence 58 Fort Calhoun. .46! ! Fort Crook . . . .59. . Fort Robinson. .2. . Franklin •Fremont . . Friend •Fullerton •Gaudy •Geneva . . . Genoa (Jering Ciermantown Gibbon Giltner .... Glenville .. Gordon Gothenburg Grafton , .86. .45. 17. . . 462 . . 343 .1,526 . . 324 . . 203 . . 201 . . 949 .8,718 1,261 .53. . .1,638 Grand •Grant , •Greeley . Greenwood Gresham . Gretna . . . ,..38. . .76., ..53. ..23.. . .64., . .60.. . .63. . ..75.. ...4.. . .50. . a. . . 201 .1,741 .1,378 . . 627 . . 375 . . 718 . . 301 . 304 . . 921 ,1,730 . 353 •Madison 19... 1,708 Malmo ,57_ , o^^ Marquette Martinsburg Mason City Ma.xwell . . Maywood . •McCook . . McCool Jet Mead 57' Meadow Grove. lo! 6S 13. 39. 49. 70. 83. 63. Island. 61. .10,336 ' , . 358 . 845 . 387 . 344 . 484 48. .41., .66. . 63 . . 59 . , Haigler . . . Hampton . . Hardy •Harrington Harvard . . . •Hastings Havelock H .81. . . 62 . ..88. .12. .65 Merna Merriman Mil ford . Millard . Miller . . . Milligan Minatare •Minden Mitchell Monroe . Morrill Murroe . Murdock .39. .. .'64.' . . . 58 . . . . 60 . . ..76. . . .23. ...73. • 23. . .43.. . .23. . . 43 . , ..66. .. 291 .. 291 . . 482 .. 289 .. 443 .3,765 .. 369 .. 331 .. 388 .. 459 . . 2.54 . . 716 . . 262 . . 331 . . 336 .. 33» .1,559 . . 642 . . 282 ■ . 346 . . 298 • • 222 'Hayes Center. 69. Hay Springs. Headquarters •Hebron . . . . Hemingford . Henderson . . Hendley . . . . Herman . . . . Hershey . . . . Hickman Hildreth . . . . Holbrook . . . •Holdredge . .4 .32.. ..89.. ...3.. . .63. . . .84. . ..46. . ..49. . . .65.. . .86.. . .84.. 72 . . 205 . . 383 i . . 496 .1,413 .1,103 .9,338 .2,680 . . 250 . . 408 . . 301 .1,778 . 273 . . 391 . 238 . 345 . 332 . 385 . 451 . 414 3,031 Naper 7.... 301 Naponee 86. 201 *.^T®'?!"aska City. 67... 5,488 *^,e''8h 15...1,56« Aelson gg Nemaha .'so] '. Newcastle .... 13. ." Xewman Grove.l9. .' Newport N'iobrara Norfolk North Bend.. North Loup. . . •North Platte. .9. .11. .19. 45. 40. 49. Holstein 74 ... . 323 Homer 14. . Hooper 45] \ Hoskins 17. . Howard City. . .52. . Howell 44. . Hubbell 89. . Humboldt 92! ! Humphrev . . . .43] '. Huntington . . .62. . , •Hyannis 26. . , . 397 . 741 . 267 . 233 . 801 . 295 1,776 . 868 . 411 . 262 •Imperial 68. Indianola Inman . . , .Tackson . . Jan sen . . . .Johnson . . .Johnstown Juniata . . .68.. . . 402 . 83 . . . . 681 .10.. . . 225 .14.. . . 291 .90.. . . 308 .80.. . . 273 . .8.. . 201 .74.. . 471 .88. .15. .22. .39. .78. .47. 6.. Oak Oakdale Oakland Oconto . . Odell . . . •Ogallala Ohiowa . •Omaha . •O'Neill . Optic . . . Orchard 15 •Ord 40. . Orleans 85. . . . 942 •Osceola 55. . i 10.5 Osmond 76..!. '567 Overton 50. . . . 574 . . 978 .. 335 -. 436 . . 851 .. 268 . . 822 . 6.025 .1,105 .. 519 .4,793 .. 237 . . 631 .1,073 . . 245 . . 427 . . 643 37s .58.124,096 10. . .2,089 60 285 . 532 1.961 Oxford Page Palisade .... Palmer Palmyra .... Panama .... •Papillion . . . •Pawnee City 'Pender ..... Peru Petersburg Phillips 6-i .84. .10.. .82. . .54.. - 67 . . .65. . . 59 . . .91. . .18.. .80.. 4' •Kearney I\:eneE;w Ken nan) K .60. .74. .46. •Kimtall 34. .6,202 . . 657 . . 319 .. 454 Laurel 12. Lawrence ... .88. Leigh 44. •Lexington Liberty . . Lincoln (capital) Lindsay . . Linwood . Litchfield . . 514 . . 475 . . 567 50. . .2,059 78 394 65. .43,973 43 465 56 339 >1 403 T..odgepole . . . .35. . . . 345 J^ong Pine 8. . . . 781 Jjoomis Louisville 66. •Loup Citv. . . .51 . Lushton 63. I>ynch 7 . Lyons 22. . . 284 . . 778 .6,138 . . 205 . . 583 . . 865 Pierce 16. Pilger 20. Plainview 16. Platte Center. .43. •Plattsmoiith . .66. Pleasant Dale. .64. Pleasanton . . . .60. Plymouth 90. . . . 438 Polk .55. . . . 396 Ponca 13. . .1,001 593 . . 301 . 380 . 373 . 334 . 231 . 634 1.610 . 804 . 951 . 533 . 274 1.202 . 471 . 941 . 388 4.387 . 257 Pnsen Prague .52. .57. R Ragan 85 Ralston .58 Randolph 12 Ravenna 60 Raymond 65 •Red Cloud . . .87 Republican Citv .... R.^ynolds . , Rising City RIverton . Rockville . Roseland . . Ru!o 246 . . . 394 214 . . . 201 ,1.137 .1.3.54 . . 236 .1.686 J.oni. I'. ,11. •Rushvilk- Kuskin . . . ...4. .88. S .85.. . . 476 .90.. . . 246 56.. . . 456 .86. . . . 369 .51.. . 201 .74.. . . 249 .92.. . . 661 St. Edward Bt. Paul tSargent •.Schuyler . . . Scotia > •Tekamah . 2"' Tilden i<"; Tobias •Trenton . I'chling .. t'lysses . . . I'nadilla . fnion . . . . fniversit.v t'pland .". . Utica •Valentine Valley . . . Valparaiso Verdigris . Verdon . . . U. ..82. .45. ..56. .67. .66. . 65 . .86. .64., ..5. .58.. . .57 . . .11. . .92.. 63.. Waco •Wahoo Wakelield 13 5\'althill 18, Waterloo 58 Wauneta 68, Wausa II, Wavprly 6.5. • Wayne 17. Weeping Water 66. Western 77 West Lin coin.. 65. Weston 57. •Westpoint ... .21 . •Wllber 77. Wilcox 73. Wllsonvllle 84. Wlnnebapo . . . . 18. Winnetoon ....II. WInside 17. WIsner 21 . Wolhnrh 41. Wood River 61 . Wvmore .... Wynot Y •York Yutnn ..IS .6.1. . .57.. .. 814 . . 461 . . 205 .1.748 .1.524 . . 901 .. 447 .. 497 . . 228 . . 551 . . 209 . . 302 .3.202 . . 391 - . 523 .1.095 . . 842 . . 561 . . 403 . 406 293 2.168 . 861 . 812 . 4(t2 . 327 . 604 . 297 2. HO i.ofi; . 4!H» . 201 1.768 1.219 . 382 384 . 399 . 323 . 4.->l 1 .08 1 . . :!•« .2.613 . . 2.-»8 .6.2.15 3-.3 127 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises NEBRASKA ONE OF THE GREAT YOUNG WESTERN STATES WITH NUMEROUS I3IPORTANT INDUS- TRIES BEING DEVELOPED. Nebraska is one of the largest states, having an area of 76,855 square miles, being more than six times as large as the state of Massachusetts. ALL RIVERS SLOPE TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. It occupies an elevated plateau, the lowest por- tion being in the southeastern part of the State, where the elevation is 880 feet. The eastern half of the State has an average elevation of 1.400 feet and the whole State averages 2,312 feet above the sea. The principal rivers are the Missouri, along the eastern boundary, and the Platte, Niobrara and the Republican, all tlowing east. There are few swamps and mashes, but quite a number of small lakes. ATMOSPHERE DRY AND INVIGORATING. Though great extremes of heat and cold are ex- perienced in this State sometimes, they are not usual. The mean temperature is about 51, ranging from 94 above to 17 below zero. The mean temper- ature of the North Platte is 46. The annual rainfall is about 22 inches. Though the climate Is mild and dry, drowth rarely damages the crops, for the soil is such that it withstands extreme and prolonged heat. The mean temperature during the winter months ranges from 22 to 30 degrees, that of the spring from 47 to 49 degrees, of the summer from 70 to 74 degrees, and of the autumn from 49 to 51 degrees. HEAT TEMPERED BY PRAIRIE VTINDS. The lieat of tlie summer is tempered by the prairie winds, and the nights are usually cool. The greatest amount of rain falls in May and June. The average annual temperature for 15 years at Kearney was 47.53; at Omaha it is about 48. The average annual rainfall at Kearney is 25.2.") Inches. In parts of the west and southwest it is 17 to 19 inches. AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES. Give to a good climate a strong rich soil and thereon will be ultimately a prosperous, wealthy population. As all wealth comes from the soil, we can largely estimate the future of a region by its fertility. The Soil in the eastern part of this State is a rich black vegetable mold from 2 to 10 feet deep, slightly impregnated with lime, free from stones or gravel, easily plowed and underlaid by a yellow clay in most places. Up to the present time the cultivation of the soil end stock raising are the principal industries of the State. Of the 49,177,600 acres, the grazing sections comprise about 23,000,000 acres, or about one-half of the State. This entire region for the most part is well watered. FORMERLY A GREAT CATTLE REGION. The wild grasses which formerly covered large portions of the State were very nutritious and large herds of cattle from Texas were pastured and fattened here for the eastern markets. The steady eettlement, taking up and fencing off the land is changing the whole region into an area of cultivated farms. W'e say "is changing," from the fact that this Is a young state yet, with only about a small num- ber o'f persons to the square mile, less than a third as dense a population as Missouri and less than a half that of Kansas. Though Nebraska is a young State, with over 4,000,000 acres of government land in the state not taken up yet. the yield of cereals in one recent year in Nebraska was, wheat, 48,002,603 bushels; oats, 58.474.370 bushels, and 263.551,772 bushels of corn, being third in rank in the corn-producing States. DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING. But while the rich soil of the .State will always make Nebraska an agricultural State, it is already becoming a good deal of a manufacturing point as illustrated in the tact that in 1906 the annual value of manufactured products in the State in a late year was 154,918,220. To make that product, 20,260 wage-earners were employed to whom was paid $11,022,149. Omaha, the metropolis of the State, has one of the most complete establishments in the United States for smelting, separating and refining ores, of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc, brought here from mining regions on the line of the Union Pa- cific and other railroads. Other industries include machine shops, distilleries and manufacturers of brick, steam engines, etc. In South Omaha are the extensive stock yards of the Union Pacific Railroad, occupying a large tract of land. Omaha is the third largest pork-packing city in the world, with immense packing houses having plants valued at over $2,500,000. ELEVATORS, SALT, LEATHER, FURNITURE. Lincoln, a great railroad center, has foundries and grain elevators, extensive manufactures of salt, also leather, furniture, bricks and tiles. Other cities in the State are rapidly developing manu- facturing institutions, among these Kearney, Ne- braska City and Hastings, all places of importance, while Beatrice, in the southeastern part of the state, has large quarries. A GREAT C03IING INDUSTRY, The manufacture of sugar from the sugar beets is evidently destined to be one of the large industries of the state, and to make this an absolutely safe enterprise the United States government is entering upon an extensive system of adding to the produc- tive power of the western part of the state by irri- gation. The following is the outline of the plan mapped out, which will affect Scotts Bluff, Banner and Cheyenne counties in western Nebraska. NORTH AND SOUTH PLATTE RIVERS. There are two important rivers in the western part of this state. One, the North Platte, which enters Nebraska at Scotts Bluff county, and flows eastward across the entire state, a distance of over 400 miles, emptying into the Missouri River at Plattsmouth, some fifteen miles south of Council Bluffs. The other river is the South Platte, which comes in from Colorado, enters Nebraska in Deuel county. Hows eastward and .joins the North Platte River at the town of North Platte in Lincoln County. IRRIGATION IN NEBRASKA. Examination has sho^Ti that a considerable body of land can be irrigated ijy holding the North Platte in certain natural reservoirs in eastern Wyoming and by the construction of an interstate canal 25,000 acres of sandy land can be reclaimed in Wyoming and 900,000 acres in Nebraska. The head-gate for this interstate canal will be at a point about midway between Guernsey and Fort Laramie in Wyoming on the North Platte River and the canal will extend 150 miles into Nebraska to the vicinity of Bridgeport in Cheyenne County. The lands benefited by this government irriga- tion project in Nebraska lie in Sioux, Scotts Bluff, Banner and Cheyenne Counties. By examination of our counties having government land therein it will be seen that a large amount of government sandy land is in Cheyenne, Scotts Bluff and Sioux Counties and a barren soil all along this 150 miles of irrigation canal will become highly fertile. The particulars about the opening of this land by the government to settlement, cost of land, etc., can be learned by addressing the Government Land Department, Alliance, Boxbutte County, Nebraska. 128 ^sk also about other irrigation schemes in Ne- braska. It is claimed that in 1S95 the State at that time had 2,219 miles of irrigating canals, built or under construction. ■THE DENVER MARKETS. A study of railroad maps will show that this newly reclaimed land will, by the Burlington and Union Pacific railways be but a short distance from Denver, which market will call for all the fruits, melons and early vegetables that can be raised in those counties. Naturall.v, as sugar beet raising is coming into practice in Nebraska, this irrigated land will be a sure producer of this product. It may interest the reader to know that mechan- ical devices have been so perfected in harvesting beets that a team, driven by the side of a row of beets, so drives an appliance under the beets so as to litt the vegetable from the ground, top it and carry it by an endless apron to a wagon by the side of the machine. Thence, fresh from the , ground, with the soil still clinging to them, and "without a touch of human hand, they pass on through the factory, from one process to another, until in eighteen hours' time they come out white, sugar ready for the market. MAY BE CENTER OF SUGAR PRODUCTION. With a favorable climate for growing the beet, with a fertile soil adapted to its production, witli all the latest modern appliances for the conver- sion of the juices of the beet into sugar, it is possible that Nebraska may become tiie center for the beet sugar industry of the United States. We advise the land-seeker to write to the United States Department of Agriculture for Bulletin No. 257, entitled "Soil Fertility," and Bulletin No. 52, entitled "Sugar Beet," and after a study of these write to Scyler, Colfax Co., managers of the sugar beet colony at Grand Island, Hall County, and Norfolk, Madison County, asking what induce- ments they oifer to growers of beets. It should be unnecessary for us to say here that in order to get a prompt answer it is always wise to en- close with a letter a prepaid return envelope. ALWAYS DEMAND FOB SUGAR. There will be a never-ceasing call for syrups and sweets, whether made as a glucose from corn, from fruits, sorghum, from maple trees, from flow- ers by bees, from sugar cane or sugar beets, it always will be in demand and will sell; with what profit depends upon management in the production „of the article. The land seeker who will hunt down the sugar beet, go into and raise it, may certainly have a prosperous future. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO NEBRASKA. Altitude. Highest at White River summit, in Dawes County, 4,S76 feet. Climate. Omaha, average in January, 19 above; July, 74. Highest, 106; lowest, 32 below. Aver- age annuR.1 rainlall, .SI. 7 inches. Dimensions. Extreme breadth from east to wtst, 415 miles. Extreme length from north to south, ^05 miles. Area, 77,510 square miles. History. Was originally a part of the Louisi- ana Purchase ceded by France to the United States in 1803. Visited by Lewis and Clark; in 1804-5. Platte Valley explored by Major Long, for United States Government in 1820. First settlement by whites at Bellevue, Sarpy County, 1847. Nebraska Territory organized in 1854. Admitted to T'nion in 1867. Bellevue first capital. Seat of govern- ment removed to Omaha in 1855; to Lincoln in 1867. Lakes in Nebraska. ^^J''- ^l^ Clear Lake, Cherry Co 1^ % Cottonwood Lake. Holt Co 1 % Dad's Lake, Cherry Co 314 1 1,2 Freshwater Lake, Cherry Co 1 V2 Marsh Lake, Cherry Co 2 1 . T Moon Lake. Brown Co 4 1.. Pelican Lake, Cherry Co 2 1.. Red Deer Lake. Cherry Co 2 1.. Swan Lake, Holt Co 1% Vi Twin Lake, Brown Co 1 V4 ',i Willow Lake, Brown Co 1 Vi DIFFERENT V.UtlETIKS OF TREES IN NE- BRASKA. Native Forest Trees, or forest trees the leadinn- variety is the Cottonwood which grows luxuriantly on river bottoms, and many uplands. Tlu aah- leaved maple, soft maple, elms, various species of ash. lindens and willows are in various parts of the state about equal in aijundance. The most l?}^fu}^ H^^ '^ ^^' •^'f^'^ walnut. Which grows luxu- riantly. The red cedar is abundant in some s.c- f'^u >.?Pr"'^*^ ^""^ P'"*^ "■■« '""»>'' on tributaries of the Niobrara and Loup, and in the extreme wesl- wm/? -."'^ ^''^ ^\''^''- S'^ru'w are well represented Wild fruits abound, among which plums and Kranes fn^ir^lf^,' , 7"spicuous. The grapes are limited to timber belts. The smaller wild fruits are widely distributed over the slate. Grasses and corn ar"e the principal products. Corn, especially. Is a rarely failing crop. Eastern Nebraska is eminently adapted to the growth of apples, grapes, plums and cherries do equally well. reaches are successfully grown south of the Platte. Mining:. The mineral wealth of the state con- sists mainly of bituminous black and lignite t-tml in the beds, with a little iron. Valuable beds of limestone, yellowish gray sandstone and red free- stone. Also good brick and pottery clay, and re- markably pure salt. CAN MAKE ENTRY OF 640 ACRES. In 1904 Congress passed an act known as the Kin- kaid Bill, under the terms of which large tracts of public lands in northwestern Nebraska, reached by the line of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, were thrown open to settlement. The principal fea- ture of the Kinkaid Bill is that the applicant may, in the territory named, make entry under the home- stead laws of 640 acres (one square mile) instead of 160 acres of land. The purpose of this is to enable the homesteader to use his land profitably for graz- ing purposes. There are large quantities of these unallotted pub- lic lands in Nebraska, situated in the northern part of the state, through which the Chicago & North- Western Railway passes directly. The lands affected have been open to the homesteader in lots of 160 acres for many years, but have not been heretofore taken up to any great extent because of the fact that a quarter-section is not sufficient to use profit- ably for cattle-raising purposes. The rainfall in this part of the state is not suffi- cient for successful farming except by the advanci-d methods of scientific dry farming, and it is on this account that the Kinkaid Bill has been passed, wild the result that a Nebraska calllc ranch, one mile square, absolutely free, is the offer which (lie \- eriiment makes to every man or bead of a fuiiiil> in the United States. From the 8,500,000 acres of these lands, any one desiring to become possessor of a section of grazing land should have no trouble in finding a tract suit- able to his taste, and now that the practical merits of dry-farming methods have become established clearly, the value of these lands for agricultural pur- poses has become much greater than ever before. As an example of the quality of the lands. Rock County actually ships more hay to market via The North-Western Line from the town of Newport than is shipped to market from any other one point any- Avhere in the world; whil^ one of the timst potato- raising districts in the West has its shipping center at Gordon, in Sheridan County. Such towns as O'Neill. Long Pine, Valentine, Rush- vilie, Chadron and Lusk are well equipped with stores, banks, schools and churches, and the whole region is well populated. ._ , .. Public lands in Nebraska in counties reached by the North-Western Line, that are subject to settle- ment under the homestead laws under the Kinkaid bill: Holt. 12,000 acres. Rock, 4.000 acres. Keva Paha. 38,040 acres. Sheridan, 164.286 acres. Sioux, 417.t)20 acres. Bovd, T*)0 acres. Brown. 8L450 acres. Cherry, 1,015,582 acres. Dawes, 9,000 acres. »u -.,.. „# Every man or unmarried woman, over th<^ nef or 21; every married man under the age •' '-" ' • -ry widow, every minor orphan child of a ■ •- dier. or any person who is the head •■ adoption of a mino.'' 5l,^''_''.:,,"?.!u't'''il'*„ ,.'ii,v. . ,, ih" 1:29 NEVADA STATE AND THE 16 COUNTIES OF NEVADA With Their Boundaries Location and Population of NEVADA COUNTIES Lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion lUlO 1. .'. Washoe. .17,434 . . Humboldt. . 6,835 3. . . Elko. . 8,133 4. . . Storey. . 3,045 5. . . . . . . Ormsby . . 3,089 6. . . . . . Douglas. . 1,895 7. .. Lyon . . 3,568 8. . . . . . Churchill. . 2,811 9.. . Lander. . 1,786 10. . . .... Eureka . . 1.830 11. . . .White Pine. . 7,441 13. . . . Esmeralda. . 9,695 14. .. Nye. . 7,513 13. . . . . . . Lincoln . . 3,489 16... Clark. . 3,821 Total .81,875 Nevada Cities and Vil- lages with"' 1910 Populations. Towns Loca. Pop. A Atlanta 15 209 * Austin 9... 1,315 B Bannock 9. . . . 350 Battle Mountain. 9. . . . 360 Bauvard 3 208 Beatty 13 302 Black Horse... 11 390 Blair 13 560 Buckskin 6 296 C Caliente 15. . . . 598 *Carson City (capital) 5... 2,466 Cherry Creek . . 11 . . . . 350 Columbia 13... 1,099 D *Dayton 7. . . . 576 Delamar 15. . . . 709 East Ely 11... 1,560 *Elko 3... 1,677 *Ely 11. . .2,055 Empire 5. . . . 327 ♦Eureka 10... 1,609 F ♦Fallon 8 741 Farrell 2 268 G Gardnerville . . .6 210 ♦Genoa 6 434 Glenbrook 6 223 Golconda 2 890 ♦Goldfield 13... 4,838 Gold Hill ...4... 2,078 Granite 13 203 H ♦Hawthorne ..12... 1,099 I Imlay 2 350 n^ ig'. 4~ =© A "!Mi '/ ft-/.,'' o LO'vELOCrt^ »^->- 8 I /^ / O FALLOT I 1^'?^;^. / - 6 '' 1 y-'- 10 11 ELV IMAP 0F. \, NEVADA NEVADA CITIES Towns Loca. Pop. 3 Jarbridge 3 390 I. *Las Vegas 16... 1,500 Lida 13 234 Lovelocks 2. . .1,660 Lucky boy 13 899 31 McGill 11. . .3,209 Manhattan ....14 730 Mazuma 3. . . . 308 N Nelson 16. . . . 350 O Owyhee 3. . . . 506 AND VII>I..\GES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Loca. Pop. Panaca 15. . . . 350 Paradise Valley. 3 690 Pinegrove 12 . . . . 200 *Piochfe 15... 1,060 Pioneer 14... 1,360 R Rawhide 13... 5,090 *Reno 1.. 10,867 Rhyolite 14 808 Round Mountain . . .14 623 Schurz .... Searchlight Silver City .12 633 .16 387 . . 7 343 Loca. Pop. Sparks 1. ..2,506 Stillwater 8 216 ♦Tonopah 14. . .3,906 Tuscarora 3. . . . 308 Verdi 1 566 ♦Virginia City . .4. . .2,344 W Wadsworth ....1....806 Wellington 7 260 Wells 3 354 ♦ Winnemucca . . 3 . . . 1,786 Y Yerington ......7 683 NEVADA Down on the western slope of the Rocky Moun- tains lies a great state called Nevada. In the far- away-back, in the past, many thousands of years ago, when the earth was gradually cooling, the interior heat, in finding vent on the earth's surface, sputtered up through this portion of the earth's crust, and finally left immense elevations, known as the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. Naturally, when elevations are made there are valleys between, and with plenty of room on this part of the globe, the valleys are broad. Out of the tops of these elevations volcanic fires threw 130 lava which, during the many centuries that these mountain cliimneys emitted ashes, settled into thi- depressions and elevated the floors of the valleys until, in the final cooling of the whole region, these valleys are vast plateaus, elevated 4,000 feet above the sea. MOUNTATNS STEAL THE MOISTrRE. As clouds cross the elevations the mountains arrest their progress, cause precipitation of cloud moisture which, in the cold upper air, turns to shew. Thus the tall mountains, absorbing tlie moisture from passing clouds, nothing or little of moisture is left lor rainfall in the valleys. Such is the topography and such are the atmos- pheric conditions in many portions of the Rocky Mountain region. Tall mountains covered with per- petual snow which melting in the summer sun- shine causes the continual and rapid How of great rivers In the valleys, while lowlands suffering from lack of moisture remain a desert waste. This whole area occupied by Nevada was ceded to the United States by Mexico in 184S and set- tled by Mormons who, in passing across the coun- try had found tracts of land that they deemed favorable for agriculture. The valle.v lands of Nevada are from one mile to twenty-flve miles wide, the most of them easily cultivated and wonderfully productive. One of the largest of these valleys is in the western part of the state, and mostly in Churchill County,. This is known as the Carsou Sink Valley covering an area of several hundred thousand acres. This valley is the bed of a great lake, long single dried up. There is no outlet to the valley and the water which empties on to the plain from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, sinks into the sands of the des- ert or are lost by evaporation. WHY AIR IS SO CLE.IR IN NEVADA. The clouds having given up their moisture and been dispelled ou the mountains thus leaves a per- fectly clear atmosphere and bright sunshine for more than 300 days in the year. The result is extraordinary growth of all agricultural products, if water can be supplied; but water must be abun- dant or evaporation will leave the land barren. EXTENSIVE SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION. Seeing the effect of irrigation on a small scale, some of the enterprising citizens of the State in- duced the general government to turn the Truckee River into the Carson River, and holding the waters of the combined streams in lakes and large reser- voirs, irrigate the great plain in the Carson Sink Valley, comprising S.jO.OOO acres. 340,000 of which acreage yet belongs to the government. Some 58.000 acres of this irrigated land is owned by the rail- roads and private parties who want to sell then- lands and bring in settlers. See the Nevada- Truckee-Carson Project in our chapter on irrigation. This Truckee-Carson Government irrigation proj- ect is one of the largest ever undertaken, and will, when fully completed, cost the government about $9,000,000; but the great amount of land which will be reclaimed and the prices at which it will sell, will fully pay the cost. The Chamber of Commerce at Fallon. Nevada, and the Southern Pacific Railroad Company are send- ing out particulars as to this large area of land just opened to the public. From one of the circulars being sent out we quote the following: UNCLE SAMS NIN^E MILLION DOLLAR FARM. "Is he going to farm it himself? Oh. no: as soon as he has turned the wate)- on it from the big reser- voirs he has been building, he is going to give it away to the people of the United States. "How can you get a part of it? Just as easy — if you are a citizen and he has not already given you a homestead in another place, you need simply tell the agent at the land office in Carson or the agent for the big farm at Fallon, that you want eighty acres of good land. Pick out the eight}- acres first that you want and tell him just where it is. Then pay "him eight dollars for papers show- ing that Uncle Sam has agreed to give you that land if you begin living on it within six months and make it a home for the next five years. "Is that all that Uncle Sam charges? That is all for the land — eight dollars. For the water that he puts on the land to make things grow, he charges you $2.60 per acre every year for ten years. Then the water and land belong to one another and both belong to you. After the tenth year the only charge will be a few cents per acre to keep up the ditches and reservoirs. awaT?'^'''' '^ ''"^ "•''^ '■^'■'" ^"'^^ ^■"'^"^ ^^"^ '8 eivin^- "It is in Western Nevada, mosllv In Chnrrhm County, south of the Southern Parinc's mairiln timef"'* '"'"'* ^^^ *" "■""* f""- ^^aees pan of you." in«ufno^°V ^'''" ''°1'* ''*^'«^ t° liunt "o'-k; it will be lookmg for you down every road. WAGES PAID TO WORK.MEN. "Uncle Sam would like five hundred more men to work on the irrigation system during Uil ^oxi two years Then there are plenty of new-comeri who vvou d like to hire help; may be to cleaiTv" and check land to plant or care for crops, to buMd fo°nows:°'' ° '^'■"'^ '^'^"'^- '^^^ '''^^^^ iaid are as •;^Carpenters, per day. $4; bricklayers, per day, $4.o0, blacksmiths, per day, $4; cabinet makers, per day, .$o, teamsters, per day, .$2..-,0: common labor- ers, per day, ^2.2o: farm hands, per day. with board. $-, farm hands, per month, with board and lodg- ing, $4o. ■ ^ ■•Then, for variety's sake, you can find work In the mines it you wish— though mining with a pluw and a hoe may be most profitable in the long run .^,.'*'*l'^''v "'* principal town, is countv seat of Churchill County and has already more than a thou- sand people. Here are a high school, graded schools, churches, two newspapers, a bank, several stores three hotels, restaurants, etc. Hazen has three hun- dred people and a hotel and restaurant. Stillwater fourteen miles northeast of Fallon, has a hotel stores and a good school. There are postoffices at Leetville, St. Clair and Hill. "There are openings now for a flour mill, grain warehouse, and many other industries in demand in a new country. "It requires but very little imagination to see this great plain thickly settled with a people having every rural comfort — a valley of waving fields and great orchards, turnpikes lined with trees, homes bright with Howers and such green lawns as onlv land of ever-living water can own, streams flowing as silver ribbons everywhere. "The Carson Sink Valley which now has a popula- tion of less than 2.000 people will within a compara- tively few years have 100.000 people, and Sini.ono acres of desert land will have been converted into rich and valuable farms, by the magic of irrigation. "Address all communications to J. W. SItton, Sec- retary Churchill County Chamber of Commerce, Fal- lon, Nevada." CONDENSED IMPORT.VNT F.4CTS RELATING TO NEV.\DA. With History of tlie Great Comstock Gold and Silver Klines. Altitude. Highest point. Wheeler Peak in White Pine ('ounty, 13,1130 feet high. Climate. At Winnemucca. average temperature In January, 28 above zero, .\verage July temperature. 72. Extremes, highest, 104; lowest, 2S below. Aver- age annual rainfall, .s.,5 inches. Dimensions. Extreme length of state north to south. 485 miles. Extreme breadth. 315 miles. History. Territory ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848. First settlers, 1S48. in Carson Valby. Comstock lode discovered in l85!t by Crosh Brothers from Maine. One brother froze to death in the Sier- ras, the other died of blood poisoning from Injuring his foot with a rusty pick. The spot where the main shaft to the Virginia mine was sunk was lo- cated by Pat McLaughlin and Pete ORIIey. While washing out some pay dirt, Henry Comstock hap- pened along and seeing the glint of color In tho rocks, dismounted from his pony and coolly Informed the workers that they were trespassing upon his farm and using the water from his stream because, forsooth, he owned all the land thereabouts by right of agricultural location. This was pure tlctloB and a monumental bluff, but th.' overanxious discov- erers promptly donated him a two-thirds Interest in the greatest mineral discovery in .\merlca. Corn- stock was a lank. lean, cadaverous, untutored and unwashed Canadian possessed, according to John L. Cowan, who, in writing up "the romanrr <,' mining strikes." of neither honor, brains or ii i- afterwards went crazy and commi- O'Rilev died in an insane asylum. M' down and out and did odd jobs ii' •■ a time, and then drifted out t- he died in a poorhouse. In the n.- stock, the most valuable silver bt ; ,,,„.„■„„'; world, for a long time yielded a P';'''-^-^'v ''', V« -j a year. Nevada was admitted to the Union in ISt.-l. 131 NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE AND THE 10 COUNTIES OF NEW HAMPSHIRE With Their Boundaries Location and I'opulation of NEW HAMPSHIRE COUNTIES. Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES 1 Pop. f 1910 1. .. 3.'.'. 4. .. 5. . . 6. .. 7. . . 8 Coos. . . . . Grafton . Carroll. Sullivan. . Merrimack. . . . Belknap. ... Strafford. .30,753 .41,652 .16,316 .19,337 .53,335 .21,309 .38,951 .30,659 9. .. 10. . . . . Hillsbnro. Rockingham. otal 126,072 .52,188 T 430,572 CITIES AND VILLAGES or NEW HAMPSHIRE. With 1910 Populations. Toicnf! Lorn. Pup. A Acworth 4 250 Alexandria 3. . . . 630 Alstead 8. . . . 500 Alton 6 402 Alton Bay 6 260 Amherst 9... 1,109 Andover 5. . . . 350 Antriin 9 990 Ashland 2... 1,289 Ashuelot 8 374 Atkinson 10. . . . 443 Auburn 10 683 B Barnstead 6. . . . 280 Barrington Sta. 7 . . . . 550 Barrington . . . .7. . . . 308 Bartlett 3. . . . 713 Bath 2 906 Bedford 9... 1,148 Belmont 6. . .1,294 Bennington . . . .9. . . . 667 Benton 3 209 Berlin 1.. 11, 780 Bethlehem 2... 1,061 Blackmount ...2.... 608 Hoscawen 5 . . . 1,355 Bow 5. . . . 317 Bow Mills 5 380 Bradford 5 805 Brentwood .... 10 ... . 557 Bridgewater . . .3. . . . 244 Bristol 3... 1,690 Brookfield 3 296 Brookllne 9. . . . 606 C Campton 2. . . . 502 Canaan 3. . .1,066 Candia 10 460 Candia Village 10. . . . 260 Canterbury . . . .5. . . . 631 Cen. Barnstead 6 309 Center Conway 3.... 300 Center Harbor 6.... 290 Cen. Sandwich 3. . . . 502 Center Stafford 7 350 CGnt6r Tuftonboro. .3 260 Charleston 4... 1,660 Chester 10 809 Chesterfield ... .8 281 Claremont 4... 5,809 Clarksville 1 307 Colebrook 1... 1,876 -| NASHUA^, - NEW HAMPSHIRE CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. T01C71S Lora. Pop. Columbia 1 590 Concord (Capital) . . .5. .21,497 Contoocook . . . .5. . . . 953 Conway 3 . . . 1,054 Conway Center 3. . . . 200 Coos 1 . . . . 590 Cornish Flat . .4. . . . 450 Croydon 4. . . . 373 D Dalton 1. . . . 393 Danburv 5. . . . 506 Danville 10. . . . 390 Davisville 5. . . . 3^6 Deerfield 10. . . . 463 Deerfield Cent. 10 350 Derry 10... 2,066 Dorchester 2. . . . 250 ♦Dover 7.. 13,247 Lora. Pop. Doverpoint .7. . 1,069 Drewsville . . . .8. . . 396 Dublin .8. . . 620 Dummer ..1. .. 349 Dunbarton . . . .5. .. 451 Durham . 7 . . . 996 E East Alstead .8. . . 260 East Andover .o. . . 350 East Barringt'n 7. . . 550 East Candia . .10. . . 409 East Concord .5. . . 509 East Deering .9. . . 286 East Derrv 10. .. 583 East Grafton 3 . . 348 E. Hampstead 10. . . 250 East Jaftrey . .8. .1,741 East Kingston 10. . . 496 Easton . 2 . . 390 Ton- lis Lora. Pop. East Rochester 7. East Sullivan . .8. East Swanzey . .8. East Tilton ...6. E. Washington 4. East Weare ... .9. Enfield 3. Enfield Center 3. Epping 10. Epsom 5. Errol 1 . *Exeter 10. F Fabyan House 1 Farmington ... .7 Fitzwillian 8 Fitzwil'm Depot 8 Francestown ...9 Franconia 2 .1,066 . . 287 . . 308 . . 299 . . 299 . . 408 . . 945 . . 809 .1,109 . . 320 . . 305 .4,993 250 2,315 . 450 . 508 . 693 . 669 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County .Seat. 132 New Hampshire Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Franklin 5. Freedom 3. Fremont 10. G Gaza 6. Georges Mills, 4. Gilford 6. Gilmanton Iron Works 6. Gilsum 8. Goffs Falls 9. Goffstown 9. Gonic 7. Gorham 1 . Goshen 4. Gossville 5. Grafton 2. Grantham 4. Grasmere 9. Greenlield 9. Greenland . . . .10. Greenville 9. Groveton 1. .6,132 . . 550 . . 749 . . 244 . 296 . . 466 H Halcyon 5. Hampstead . . .10. Ham'ste'd Sta. 10. Hampton 10. Ham'ton Falls 10. Hancock 2. Harrisville ... .8. Haverhill 2 . Henniker 5. Hill 5. Hillsboro 9. Hillsboro Lower Vil'ge 9. Hinsdale 8. Holderness Hollis Hookset Hopkinton . Hudson Hudson Center . . 366 . . 590 . . 269 .2,128 . . 460 .1,797 . . 245 . . 368 . . 396 . . 274 . . 490 . . 603 . . 50; .1,608 .1,809 . . 350 . . 323 . . 250 .1,209 . . 560 .2,609 . . 606 . . 508 .1,357 . . 603 .1,608 . . 590 .2,309 . . 612 . . 860 . 1,655 . . 606 .1,096 . . 261 Intervale 3. J Jackson 3. Jefferson 1. K *Keene 8. Kensington . . . 10. Kingston 10. 296 622 690 ♦Laconia Lakeport •Lancaster Landaff 2. 10,068 . . 524 . .1,096 ,10,183 , .2,256 . . 2,850 . . 568 Towns Loca. Poj). Langdon 4. . Lebanon 2 . . Lee 7. . Lee Station . . .7. . Lincoln 2. . Lisbon 2. , Littleton 2., Lochmere 6. , Londonderry ..10., London 5. , Lyman 2 . , Lyme 2. . M Madbury 7. . Madison 3. . Madison Sta. . .3. . Manchester . . . .9. . Marlboro 8. . Marlboro Depot 8. . JMarlow 8. . Mason 9. . Melvin Village 3. . Meredith 6. . Meriden 4. . Merrimack 9. . Middleton 7. . Milan 1. . Milford 9.. Milton 7. . Milton Mills ..7.. Jlonroe 2. , Montview 2 . . Moultonboro ...3.. Moultonville . . .3. , Mountainview .3.. Mount Vernon .9., Mount Whittier 3. , N *Nashua 9. , New Boston . . .9. New Castle ...10. New Durham ..7., Newfields ......10., Now Hampton .6., New Ipswich . .9. , New London . . 5. . New Market . .10. •viewport 4. , Newton 10., N. Charlestown 4. North Conway 3. N. Chichester .5. North Conw?iv 3. North Danville 10. N. Hampton ..10. N. Haverhill ..2., North Salem . .10. N. Sanbornton 6. North Stratford 1. , North Sutton... 5., . . 339 .4,365 . . 250 . . 250 . . 490 .1,821 .3,059 . . 206 .1,358 . . 890 . . 426 . . 906 . . 336 . . 220 . . 360 20,063 .1,224 . . 360 . . 488 . . 358 . . 313 . . 709 , . 609 . . 508 . . 390 . . 635 .3,639 . . 825 . . 890 . . 402 . . 402 . . 631 . . 396 . . 306 . . 453 . . 390 J6,005 .1,002 . . 581 . . 575 . . 590 . . 706 . . 811 . . 606 .2,892 . 2.826 . . 750 . . 200 .1,460 . . 499 .1,400 . . 269 . . 306 . . 690 . . 490 . . 509 . . 508 . . 290 Tou'iis Loco. I'oji. North Walpole 8. North Wcarc ..9. Northwood ... 10. Northwood Narrows .... 10. N. Woodstock .2. Nottingham ..10. O Orford 2. Orfordville ... .2. *Ossipee 3. 1,709 . . 606 . . 604 . . 302 . . 409 . . 590 608 290 308 Parkhill 8. Pelham 9. Penacook 5. Percy 1 . Peterboro 9. Piermont 2. Pike 2. Pittsburg 1. Pittslield 5. Plainfleld 4. Plymouth 2. Portsmouth ... 10. Potter Place . .5. R Raymond 10. Reeds Ferry . .9. Richmond 8. Rindge 8. Rochester 7. Rumney 2. Rumnev Depot 2. Rye 10. Rye Beach ...10. Salem Depot ..10. Salisbury 5. Salisbury Hghts 5. Salmon Falls . .7. Sanbornville . . .3. Sandown 10. Sandwich 3. Scott 1. Seabrook 10. Shelburne 1. Silver Lake . . .3. Snowville 3. Somersworth . .7. South Acworth 4. S. Charlestown 4. South Danville 10. S. Hampton . .10. South Lee 7. S. Lyndeboro . .9. S. Tamworth ..3. Spofford 8. . . 290 . . 875 . 3.990 . . 309 .2,027 . . 637 . . 580 . . 587 .2,079 . . 464 .1,927 11,269 . . 380 .1,100 . . 405 . . 897 . . 390 .8,868 . . 360 . . 240 . 1 ,090 .1,100 . . 709 . . 208 . . 209 .1,701 . . 509 . . 406 . . 409 . . 220 .1,202 . . 283 . . 306 '. 6,704 . . 250 . . 273 . . 215 . . 297 . . 250 . . 516 . . 460 . . 350 Towns Loi;i. J'op. 1. Stark . . . Siraft.pi.l Stratford i.. Stratliam 10 Sugar Hill 2., Sunappe 4. , Suncock 5. Surry 8. Sutton 5. , Swanzey 8. , . 306 . . 430 . . 460 . . 718 . . 306 . 696 .3,0HK . . 2.J0 . . 490 . . 309 Tamworth 3. Temple •. 9. Tilton 6. Troy 8. Twin Mountain 1. U Union 3. Unity 4. . . 592 . . 313 . 1 ,209 .1,527 . . 260 409 472 W Walpole Warner Warren AVashington VVeare Webb Webster Wentworth W. Hrenlwuoil \V. Camptuii W. Chesteili.ld W. Clan-ninnt West Epping W. Hamjistcad West l^ebanon West Milan . . . Westmoreland West Ossipee . West Peterboro West Rindge . W. Rochester . West Rumnev W. Springfield W. Swanzey . . West Thornton Westville Whitefield Wilmot Wilmot Flat .. Wilton Winchester Windham Windham Depot ....<. Wolfl.oro Falls Wolfboro Woodstock . . . . •Woodsville .. . 890 . 833 . 699 . 264 . . 390 . 306 . . 496 . 617 . 250 . 206 . . 8.50 . . 598 . . 441 . . 230 . . 590 . . 390 . . 375 . . 306 . . 506 . . 390 . . 460 . . 240 . . 219 . . 770 . . 452 . . 300 .2.006 . . 396 . . 303 . 1 .596 . 1 .908 . . 341 . . 200 . . 380 .1.690 . . 206 .1.709 NEW HAMPSHIRE The "Granite State," Famous for Its ^^liite Mountains, .Abandoned Farms. Summer Homes and Fifturesque Kesorts. This State, famous for its granite stone, wliich early gave it the name, "Granite State," distin- guished for its Dartmouth College, its White Moun- tains and its Merrimac River, which turns the greatest number of mill wheels of any river in the world — with its Winnipeseogee Lake, covering 72 square miles, up in Belknap County (see County 6) and Suriape Lake (area. 11 square miles) in Merrimack County, a county remarkable for hav- ing within its borders over 300 lakes and ponds, 60 rivers, 190 brooks and 290 mountains. MOST PICTURESQUE REGION IN THE WORLP. As a whole. New Hampshire, with its moun- tains, rivers, brooks and groves of maples, ^villows. elms and evergreens, is the most romantic and beautifully picturesque region on the American Continent. For delightful summer residence the entire slate is becoming celebrated. Pitch tent almost any- where and the visitor has sublime mountain view, a little lake close by, an active, rippling, bub- bling brook, with speckled trout, running across the farm. A writer well acquainted with New Hampshire says: "The fascination of the state with a family coming here to spend a summer will so grow upon them that they may wish to remain permanently, winters, as well as summers. If so. the home- seeker mav buv a little farm, abandoned by the familv that has gone west and left their comfort- able farm dwelling their fine apple orchards, maple sugar groves — a snug, beautiful home with land enough to produce a living — all this offen-d inr sale so cheap the land seeker will be surprised. Let him enter some employmeot for business ex- ercise in the adjoining village, and when winti-r arrives with its snows, as the rural mall carri.r brings the news from all the outside world, he sits down at evening with his family before the blazing hickory lo'-: Average annual rainfall. 41.9 inches Dimensions. Length, north to south 1«0 m «. Breadth, from east to west, from 4.> t.. 100 mlUB- 133 NEW JERSEY STATE AND THE 21 COUNTIES OF NEW JERSEY With Their Boundaries I^ocation and Population of NEW JERSEY COrXTIES ca- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. 1910 1 "Warren 2 Sussex 3 Morris 4 Passaic 5 Bergen 6. . . . Hunterdon 7 Somerset 8 Union 9 Essex 10 Hudson 11 Mercer 12 Middlesex 13. . . . Monmouth 14 ... . Burlington 15 Ocean 16 Camden 17 Gloucester 18 Salem 19. .. Cumberland 20 .Atlantic 81 Cape May ..43,187 . .26,781 .74,704 .215,902 138,002 .33,569 .38,820 .140,197 512,886 ,537,231 125,657 114.426 .94,734 .66,565 .21,318 142,029 .37.368 , .26,999 , .55,153 . .11,894 .19,945 Total 2,537,167 Cities and Villages of New Jersey witli 1910 Populations. Towtis Loca. Pop. Absecon Adelphia Allamuchy . . . Allendale . . . . AUenhurst . . . Allentown . . . . Alliance Alloway Alpha Alpine Andover Annandale . . . Ardena Arlington . . . . Asbury Asbury Parle. . Ashland Atco Athenia Atlantic City. . Atlantic High- lands Audubon Avalon Avon , . . 781 . . . 450 . . 260 . . . 937 . . 306 . . 634 , . . 406 . . 663 . . 760 . . 377 . . 884 .. 375 . . 506 .3,066 .10,1.50 . . . 320 . . . 606 . . . 608 .46,150 Barnegat 15. Barnsboro 17 . Basking Ridge. . 7. Bayhead 15. Bayonne 10. Bayville 15. Beachhaven ...15. Beemerville . . . .2. Beesley's I^)int.21. Belford 13. Belleville 9. Belmar 13. *Belvidere 1 . Bennett 21 . Bergenfleld 5. Berkley Heights. 8, Berlin Hi. Bernardsville ... 7. .1,645 .1,343 . . 230 . . 426 .1,066 . . 206 . . 640 . . 281 55,54.') . . 200 .. 272 .. 250 . . 350 .. 250 .5,907 .1,433 .1.764 . . 225 .1,991 . . 362 . . 890 .1.062 CITIES AND VILLAGES OF NEW JERSEY ^AITH 1910 POI'l LATIONS. Towns Loca. Pop. Bethlehem 6... 1,761 Beverly 14. . .2,140 Birmingham . .14. . . . 215 Bivalve 19. . . . 200 Black wells Mills. 7. . . . 225 Blackwood ... .16 609 Blairstown 1 . . . . 896 Bloomfield 9.. 15,070 Bloomingdale . .4. . . . 333 Towns Loca. Pop. Bloomsbury . Blue Anchor. Bogota Boonton .... Bordentown . Boundbrook . Bradley Beach. 13 Branchville ... .2 Bridgeboro .6. 16. .5. . .3.. 14. .7. , 14. . 660 . 250 1.125 4,930 4,250 3,970 1,807 . 663 . 275 Towns Loca. Pop. Bridgeport . Bridgeport . *Bridgeton . Brielle Broadway . , Erookdale Brown Mills Browntown . Buddtown . . . .14. . .17., ..19. ..13. 1. . ..9., .. 275 .. 638 14,209 .. 360 ...309 .. 250 .14 390 .12 206 .14 250 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 134 Cities and Villages of New Jersey with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Burlington . . . .14. Burrsville 15. Butler 3. Buttzville 1. .8,336 . . 290 .2,265 . . 366 Caldwell 9. Califon 6. ♦Camden 16. Cape May 21. Cape May C. H.21. Carlstadt 5. Carmel 19. Carpentersville .1. Carteret 12. Cassville 15. Cedar Brook.. . .16. Cedargrove 9. Cedarville Changewater Chapel Hill. Chatham . . . Chatsworth Cheesequake Chesilhurst . Chester .... Chews Chrome .... Clarksboro . Clarksburg . Clayton .... Clementon . Clermont 21 Cliffside 5 ,16. Cliffside Park. Clifton Clinton Closter Colesville .... CoUingswood . Colonia 1 Columbia 1 Columbus . Como Coytesville Cranbury . Cranford . . Cresskill . Crosskeys . Crosswicks . .2,236 . . . 506 .94,538 . .2,471 . .1,008 . .3,80: . . . 750 . . . 201 . .5,066 . . . 262 . . . 466 . . . 569 . .1,278 . . 203 . . 208 .1,874 . . 958 . . 290 .. 246 .1,409 . . . 409 . . 399 . . 262 , . . 250 ..1,926 . . . 562 . . . 360 .2,128 .3,394 . 8,042 . . . 836 . 1,483 . . 290 .4,795 . . 296 .14. .13. . .5. .12. ..8. ..5. .17. .14. D .12. .13. .16. .14. Dayton Deal Beach. Delair Delanco .... Delawanna 4. Delaware 1 . Delford 5. Delmont Demarest .... Dennisville . . . Denville Dias Creek. . . . Dividing Creek Dorchester . . . Dorothy Dover Dumont Dundee Lake ...5. Dunellen 12. E East Creek 21. East Millstone. .7. East Newark. . .10. East Nutley 9. East Orange. . . .9. East Rutherfoid .5. .20. . .8. .13. .16. .18. . 20 . Eatontown Edgewater Edgewater Park .... Egg Harbor City •Elizabeth Ellisdale .. Elm Elmer Elwood . . . Emerson . . Englewood 5 Englewood Cliffs.5 English Creek. .20 Englishtown . . 13 Erma 21 Essex Falls 9 Ewan 17 F Fair Haven. . . .13 Falrton 19 . 535 . 225 . 750 1,428 2,854 550 250 566 350 273 230 750 702 406 1,005 560 560 860 627 250 791 326 206 7,468 1,783 . 420 1,990 .411 . . . 356 . .3.163 . . 760 .34,371 . .4,275 .1,206 .2,655 14 200 2.181 3.409 350 221 1,167 366 767 9,924 410 350 468 225 442 250 .1.066 . . 506 Tiiwns Loca. Pop. Fairview .... Fanwood .... Far Hills Farmingdale Fieldsboro . . Flanders .... *Flemington Florence .... Florham Park Folsoni Fords Forked River Fort Let, . . . Franklin Furnace 2 Franklin Park. 12 Franklinville .17 * Freehold 13 Frenchtown ... .6 Freneau 13 G Garfield Georgetown . . German Valley Gibbsboro .... Gibbstown . . . Glassboro .... Glendola Glen Gardner. Glen Ridge Glenrock .... Glenwood .... Gloucester City. 16. Goshen 21 . Grantwood 5. Green Creek. . .21 . Greenwich . . . .19. Grenlock 16. ..7. .11. .10. Griggstown Groveville . . . Guttenberg . H ♦Hackensack Hackettstown Haddonfield . Haddon Heights . . . Hainesburg . . Hainesport . . Hainesville Haledon .... Haleyville . . . Hamburg .... Hamilton . . . Hamilton Square .... Hammonton . Hampton Hanover . . .5. . .1. ..16. .16. . . .1. . .14. 2 '.'.'.4'. . .19. . . .2. .".isi ..11. ..20. . ..6. ...3. Hanover Neck.. 3. Hardwick . . Harlingen . . Harmony . . Harrington . Harrison . . . Harrisonville Hasbrouck Heights . . Ha worth . . . Hawthorne . Hazlct Heislerville . . Helmetta Herbertsville . Hewitt Hibirnia High Bridge. . Highland Park. 12 Highlands 13 Highlands of Navesink . . . .13 High Point 15 . . . 5 . . . . .5. . . .14. . ..13. . ..19. . . 12 . . . .15. , ...4. . . . .3. . 6. , .11. Hightstown High wood 5 Hillsdale 5 Hilton 9 Hoboken 10 Hohokus 5 Holland 6 Hollv Beach... 21 Holmdel 13 Homestead . . . .10 Hope 1 Hopewell 11 Hudson HeightslO Hurffville 17 Irvington 9. Island Heights. 15. .10,213 . .1,118 . . . 575 . . . 308 . . . 22« ..2,706 . . . 250 . . . 600 . .3,260 . .1,055 . . . 360 . .9,462 . . . 580 . .1,502 . . . 360 . .1,200 . . . 266 . . . 362 . . . 320 ..5,647 .14,050 . .2,715 ..4,142 .1,453 . . . 360 . . 566 . . 326 , .2,560 . . 322 . . 866 . . 25(» . . 425 . .5,088 . . . 914 , .5,366 . . 213 . . . 470 . . . 280 .1,110 ..377 ,14,498 . . 320 . .2,155 . . 588 .3,460 . . 208 . . . 414 . . . 661 . . 262 . . 206 .1,389 .1,545 ,.1,517 .1,215 .1.386 . . 560 .1,879 . . 460 . . 945 . . 216 70.324 . . 488 .1.706 .1.901 .1.066 . . 350 . . 350 .1.073 . 1 ,502 . . 280 .11,877 ...313 IjOC'I. Pop. Jamesburg . .Janvier .... *,I<'l.«,,y City. .Johstown . . . Juliustown . ] Keansburg . Kearney Jet. Kenvil Keyport .... Kingsland . . J\ingston . . . Kingwood . . Kresson .... L La Fayette . . . , Lake Como ... I^akehurst .... I.,akewood Lambertville . Lanoka Laurel Springs. Lawnside Lawrence Sta. Lawrenceville. , Layton Lebanon Ledgewood ... Leeds Point . . Leesburg Lenardo Leonia Liberty Corner Lincoln Linden Lindenwold . . , Ijinwood Little Falls. . . Little Ferrv. . . Little Silver.., Livingston . . . , Lodi , Long Branch. . Lower Squankum . Ludlow Lumberton . . . , Ijyndhurst . . . . Lyons Farms. . , M McAlfee Madison Magnolia Mahwah Malaga Manahawkin . . Manalapan . . . . Manasquan . . . . Mantua Maple Shade. . . Alarlboro Marlton Marmora Matawan Maurice Rlvrr. . Mauricetown . , *Mays Landing. May wood Medford Mendham Menlo Park. . . . Merchantville . Metuchen Middletown ... Jliddle Valley. . Midland Park . Midvale Milford Millburn Jlillington Milltown Millville Milton Minotola Monmouth Beach Monmouth Jet. Montague Montclair Montvale Montville Jfoonachie . . . . Moorestown . . . Morris Plains. . •Morristown . . Mountainside . . Mountainvlew . .12. .17. .10. .14. .14. .13. .10. ..8. .13. .2,075 , . . 208 !67,779 . . 290 . . . 998 . . ."509 18,659 ..341 .3,554 . . 809 . . 308 .1,375 .390 , . . 709 '. '. 979 , .3,096 .4,657 , . . 262 . . 225 , . . 320 , . . 250 . . 360 . . . 315 . . . 360 . . . 406 . . . 366 , . . 662 . . . 280 ..1,486 . . . 260 . . . 209 . . . 610 . . . 308 . . . 602 . .4,660 . .2,541 . . . 426 ..1.412 . .4.138 .13,298 13. . . . 2.50 .6. . . . 222 14. . . . 850 .5. . .1,3.50 .8. . . . 462 .2. . . . 260 .3. ..4,658 16. . . . 606 .5. . . . 550 17. . . . 409 15. . . . 808 13. . . . 390 13. . . 1,.582 17. . . . 7.50 14. . . . 290 13. . . . 496 14. . . . 760 21. . . . 202 13. ..1.646 19. .2.116 19. . . . 554 20. . .1,359 .». . . . 889 14. ..1.260 .3, ..1,129 12. . . . 350 16. . . 1 ,996 12. ..2,138 13. . . . 409 ,3. . . . 299 .5. ..2.001 .4. . . . 420 .«. . . . 667 .9. . . 2.762 3. . . . 360 12 ..1.584 19. . 12.451 ,3. . . . 362 20. . . . 562 13 . . . 485 12. . ..466 •> . . . 208 .9 .21. .5.50 .5. . . . .522 .3. . . 685 5. . . . 638 14 ..2.809 ,3 . . -145 .3. 12,507 8. . . 362 .4. .. Ill Tmrnn IjOI'iI. Pup. Ml. Arlington. . .3. , 7.. 16.. .3.. 14.. .3., 14.. .3., Mt. Bethel Mt. Ephraim Mt. Fre. dom •Mt. Holly .. Mt. Hope .., Mt. Laurel .. Mt. Olive .... Mt. Tabor 3 Mullica Hill ...17. N National Park. 17. Naughright 3. Navesink 13. Neptune City. . .13. Neshanic 7 . Nctcong 3. Nelherwood . . . .8. •Newark 9 New Bcdf.ird. . .13. Newbridge 5. •New Brunswick . New Durham. New Egypt Newfield Newfoundland New German- town New Gretna . . New Marki't . . New Milford.. Newport . New Providence. 8. •Newton 2. North Arlington. 5. . . 302 . . 20' .5,7.50 . . 35 J . . 2.50 .1.221 .1,.506 . . 590 2!»9 622 4KK 3(i2 .5;f2 Oil .46!) .12. .10. ..15. .17. . .3. ..6. .14. .12. . .5. .19. 7. . .9. .20. North Branch No. Caldwell North field . . No. Hacken- sack 5 No. Haledon ... .4 No. Paterson . . . .4 No. Plainfield. . .7 Northvale 5 No. Wildwood..21 Norwood 5 Nutley 9 O Oakhurst .... Oakland .... Oaklyn Oaktree Ocean City. . . Ocean Grove. Oceanic Oceanport . j». Ocean View. . OceanvlUe . . . Ogdensburg . Old Bridge. . . Oradell .5 Orange 9 Osbornsvllle ... 1.5 Oxford 1 P Palisade 5 Palisades I'ark . .5 25,388 , .4.060 , . . 890 . . 509 , . . 564 , . . 306 . . . 9.50 , . . 50!) . . . 322 . .1.017 . . . 873 . .4.467 . . . 437 . . . 2.50 . . . 595 . . . 866 . . . 350 . . . 749 . .1,288 ..6,117 . . . 460 . . . X3.{ . . . 56 » . .6,009 . .13, . . .5. . .16. . .12. . .21. ..13. . .13. . .13. .21. . .20. . . . 506 . . . 568 . . . 65 :< . . . 200 . .1.9.50 . .3.066 . . . 608 . . . 4OH . . . 20!) . . . 36!) . . . 562 ..1.062 . . . 809 . 29.630 . . . .596 . .2.040 I'olmvra Park Ridge. Parsippany . Passaic .... •Paterscn Pattenburg . Paulsboro - . Peapack 7 I'l dricktown I'eetzburg . . . . Peniberton . . . Penn Grove. . . Pennington . . . Pennsvllle . . . . Ponsauktn . . . Pen well Perrlnvllle . . . Perth Amboy. Petersburg . . . I'hillipsburg . . T'ir.i'brook . . . . I'ltman I'll man Grove. I'lainfield . . . • T'lensant Mills. Pleasantvllle . Point Pleasant Polntvllln . . . . Pomerania . . . Pompton I.iik 19. . ..5. .14. .18. .11., .18. .16. . .1. .13. .12. .21. . .1. . .3. . . . 250 . .1.411 .1.6.50 . .1.401 . . . 206 .54.77;J 125.600 . . . 309 . .2.121 ... 217 . . . 660 . . . 363 ... 797 ..2,n8 ... 466 Pompton Plains. 3. . . . 526 . . . 250 . . . 260 ,32.121 . . . 375 ,13.903 '. '. 1 .9.50 . .2.506 . 20..55O . . . 20.S . 4.390 . . . 745 , . . 3K0 . . .190 . I. '161) . . 320 135 Cities and Villages of New Jersey with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Port Eliza- beth 19 550 Port Monmouth. 13. . . . 650 Port Morris 3. . . . 556 Port Murry 1 304 Port Norris 19... 1,509 Port Republic. 20 450 Pottersville 7 280 Princeton 11... 5,136 Prospect Park. . .4. . .2,719 Q Quakertown . . . .6. . . . 250 Quinton 18. . .1,307 B Rahway 8. ..9,337 Ramsey 5... 1,667 Rancocas 14. . . . 325 Raritan 7 . . . 3,672 Readington 6... 2, 776 Reavil'le 6 360 Red Bank 13... 7,398 Richfield 4 201 Ridgefield 5 960 Ridgefield Park. 5. . .2,850 Ridgewood 5... 5,416 Riegelsville .... 1 ... . 562 Ringoes 6. . . . 325 Ringwood Manor 4 207 Rio Grande 21 241 Risley 20 209 River Edge ....5.... 375 Riverside 14... 4,069 Riverton 14... 1,788 Rivervale 5 350 Roadstown 19.... 218 Rochelle Park. . .5 360 Rockaway 3... 1,902 Rocky Hill 7 502 Roebling 14 750 Roosevelt 12... 5,786 Roseland 9. . . . 486 Roselle 8. . .2,725 Roselle Park 8... 3,138 Rosehayn 19 662 Rumson 13. . .1,419 Rutherford 5. . .7,015 Towns Loca. Pop. S Saddle River 5 483 ♦Salem 18.. .6,614 Sayreville 12... 4, 155 Scotch yiains. ..8. ..1,099 ScuUville 20 250 Sea Bright 13... 1,220 Sea Isle City. . .21 551 Seaville 21 345 Seacaucus 10... 4,740 Sergeantsville . .6. . . . 260 Sewaren 12.... 250 Sewell 17 260 Shady Side 13 806 Sharptown . . . .18. . . . 225 Shiloh 19 402 Short Hills 9 350 Shrewsbury ... 13 ... . 422 Sicklerville 16 229 Silver Lake 9 250 Silverton 15. . . . 290 Singac 4 207 Smiths Landing.20. . . . 490 Smithville 14 654 Somers Point. . .20 604 *Somerville 7... 5,099 So. Amboy 12... 7,007 Southard 13 406 So. Boundbrook.7. . .1,024 So. Branch 7 206 So. Dennis 21. . . . 308 So. Orange 9... 6,014 So. Pemberton .14. . . 771 So. Plainficld...l2 308 South River 12... 4,772 So. Seaville 21 498 So. Vineland.. .19 560 Sparta 2. . . . 606 Spotswood . . . .12. . . . 623 Springfield 8... 1,072 Spring Lake Beach 13 853 Springtown 1 306 Stanhope 2... 1,021 Stanley 3 203 Stanwick 14. . . . 408 Steelmanville . .20. . . . 490 Stewartsville . . . 1 . . . . 518 Towns Loca. Pop. Stirling 3 540 Stockholm 2.... 425 Stockton 6 605 Succasunna 3. . . . 604 Summit 8... 7,590 Sussex 2... 1,212 Swainton 21.. ..309 Swedesboro .. .17. . .1,477 T Tansboro 16 480 Tenaffy 5... 2,759 Three Bridges. . .6 390 Tinton Falls. ..13 200 Titusville 11 366 *Toms River. . .15. . .1,806 Totowa Borough. 4. . .1,130 Townley 8. . . . 309 Town of Union. 6. .17,005 Trenton (capital) ... .11. .96,815 Tuckahoe 21... 1,099 Tuckerton 15... 1,268 U Union 8. . .4,315 V l^an Hiseville. . .15 316 Vauxhall 8 666 Ventnor 20 491 Vernon 2 . . . . 208 Verona 9. . .1,675 Vienna 1 390 Vincentown ...14.... 990 Vineland 19... 5,282 W Waldwick 5 950 Wallington 5... 3,448 Wallpack Center.2 208 Wanaque 4. . . . 490 Waretown 15. . . . 5M0 Washington ... .1. . .3,567 Waterford Works 16 380 Wayne 4. . . . 203 Wayside 13. . . . 208 Loca. Pop. Weehawktll . . .10. . .4,508 Wenonah . . . . .17. . . . 645 W. Caldwell.. . .9. . . . 494 W. Cape May. .21. . . . 844 W. Collings- wood .16. . . . 606 West Creek. . . .15. . . . 507 Westfleld . .8. ..6,420 W. Freehold.. .13. . . . 206 W. Hoboken.. . .10. .35,403 West Long Branch .13. . . . 879 W. Milford ..4. . . . 206 Westmont . . . . .16. . . . 275 W. Moorestown .14. . .2,800 W. New York. .10. .13,560 West Orange . . . .9. .10,980 West Paterson ..4. . . . 406 West Point Pleasant . . . .15. . . . 283 West Portal.. . 6. ..1,761 Westville .17. . . . 820 AVestwood . . . . ..a. ..1,870 Weymouth . . . . 20 . ...972 Wharton ..3. ..2,983 Whippany .... . .3. ...961 Whitehill .... .14. . . . 459 White House Station ..«. . . . 350 Whitesville . . . .15 . . . 208 Wilburtha .11. . . . 209 Wildwood .... 21 . . . 898 Williamstown . 17. ..1,500 Windsor .11. . . . 360 Winslow .16. . . . 250 Woodbine . . . . .21 . ..2,399 Woodbridge . . .12. ..7,631 ♦Woodbury . . . .17. . .4,642 Woodcliff Lake . .5. . . . 470 Wood Lynne. . .16. . . . 506 Woodridge . . . . .5. ..1,043 Woodstown .18 ..1,613 Wortendyke . . ...■). . . . 450 Wrightstown .14. . . . 220 Wyckoff ..5. . . . 352 350 NEW JERSEY Closely on the Edge of New York and Philadelphia, Great Markets for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. By virtue of its location New Jersey is a very important State. It has the Atlantic Ocean on (he east and the Delaware Rive:- and Bay on the west side. It receives the surplus population of New York in the northern portion of the State and gets the overflow of people from Philadelphia in the south end of the State. EASY TO GO ANYV^TIERE FROM NEW JERSEY. It IS easy to go anywhere from New Jersey. The State is covered with a network of railways. Steain and trolley lines lead to steamboat landings, whence people journey by water to all parts of the earth, while railroad lines radiate from New Y'ork and Philadelphia in all directions. In the purchase of land and settlement in this State the home seekers will not fail to observe thus the superior facilities for transportation to the great markets. AN EXCELLENT REGION FOR TRICK FARHONG It is clearly evident that this must be an ideal region in which to engage in truck farming. While the soils in different parts of the State greatly differ in natural strength it is found that even on the extremely poorest land certain crops do well, and even the sand barrens, as they were called, have been found well adapted to fruit and vegetable gardening. In natural fertility the central part of the State is best, but experience is proving that excellent crops are being grown on the oak and pine land in the southern part of the State, the result of intelligent cultivation. Considering the great nearby markets it is well to engage in producing that which can be taken into the towns in the early mornings perfectly ripe and fresh. FRESH FOODS ALWAYS IN IMMEDIATE DEMAND Good milk and cream is always in demand; fresh eggs are always wanted. Vegetables just taken from the soil find read.v buyers. Perfectly ripe fresh strawberries will make a reputation for the growers in a short time. Blackberries, peaches, melons and tomatoes are much more highly valued when they can come into the market fresh from the vines. This certainly is a great advantage in behalf of New Jersey, the whole of the State having a soil on which can easily be grown all those products in the immediate vicinity of the hundreds of thou- sands of people who are ready to buy. There are always certain people who want to go West, the result being that properties in the East- ern States are vacated and farms, including some- times 20, 50 and a hundred acres are thrown on the market at a price often far below what it would cost to erect the buildings. To show how cheaply such properties may be bought we pursue the plan of selecting from ad- \ertisements a sample list of clneap small farms which we publish iierewith. See advertisements, with our description of some of the Eastei-n States, which we copy to give readers to under- stand what is in the market and for sale. Very full lists can usually be obtained by application to the Secretary of State. Originally we had not thought of givin.g the name of a real estate dealer, the public being of the opinion, we thought, that this work was simply a.i advertising medium for real estate, but subse- quent consideration convinced us that our work would be much more valuable to the land-seeker were we to give, with description of land, prices at which they could be bought and of whom they could be obtained. Hence our real estate mention of various properties for sale, through a study of which the reader can learn from whom the lands we mention can be bought. In our description of lands. States and localities we aim to give also the opportunities existing in that region for getting emplo.vnient outside of cul- tivating the soil. Hence we dwell considerably on the manufacturing facilities and other enterprises going forward in every section of the country. 136 New Jersey Opportunities in A griculture and Varied Enterprises OPPOKTUNITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN NEW JERSEY. We may mention right here that New Jersey affords common labor and skilled mechanics superior opportunities lor getting employment, and, aside from cultivating the land, various members of the household may obtain vi'ork and get good wages in neighboring factories. As proof of this, statis- tics of one of the rt-cent years show .$71.j,(iti(),17(i invested here in manufacturing, employing jr.d, :!:;(; wage earners, to whom was paid that" year Sli'S - 168,801. " Our space does not permit us to enumerato the many branches of manufacture goiug forward m New Jersey vVe can only brieHy say h in- a 2 made ha s, here are extensive silk im\ glass works brass and iron works, hardware, machinery! leath.?' \aM.Hy. besides pottery, drugs and chemicals IJesKleH being the foremost city in America in Ih.- manufa<.lure of Nilks. Paterson"^ is wT.I^b- renown- .1 motive works! '"'"'"''''■ ''"'''''• P^"^'" '"'"« ^""^ '"■"- New Jersey Health and Pleasure Resorts SEVERAL or THE MOST POPULAR PLEASURE RESORTS ARE IN NEW JER.SEY. Barnegat City Beach, N. J. — On the New Jersey seacoast. three miles from Barnegat City, and four- teen miles from Barnegat Bay station on the Penn- sylvania Railroad (by steamer) this new summer resort invites visitors by its beautiful location, its numerous cottages and its still and surf bathing, hunting, fishing, boating and other recreations. Lons Branch, N. J. — Twenty-eight miles south of New York is Long Branch, an old town which for many years was one of the most popular of the summer resorts in the United States. The ocean beach here is admirably adapted to bathing, a fact appreciated by the people of New York, as seen in the great number of New Y'orkers who come here from the metropolis regularly, daily and annually, for pleasure, rest and recreation. With the estab- lishments of numerous manufacturing industries and the development of various resorts near New York, Long Branch is not spoken of as a pleasure resort so much as formerly. It retains, however, a large number of permanent residents in the old town about a mile back from the beach. Pleasure Resorts. — Parties wishing to establish other resorts in New Jersey, may wish to know of the following: Lakes in New Jersey. ^"'^'s M.i'es ^ Long. Wide. Budd's Lake, Morris Co 1 1/2 % Denham Lake, Morris Co % % Dundee Lake, Passaic Co li % Green Pond, Morris Co 3 1.. Greenwood Lake, Passaic Co 1.. Hopatcoug Lake, Morris Co 7 3.. Splitrock Lake, Morris Co 2 % Spring Lake, Monmouth Co % % Ocean Beach, N. J. — Eight miles south of Long Branch, near Shark River, and half a mile from the ocean, is located this recent acquisition to the watering-places of New Jersey, which is principally remarkable tor good fishing facilities Ocean City, N. J.— Not many years ago, n.'ar Great Egg Harbor, opposite Somers Point Ihi- Methodists established a pleasant religious reson bearing the above name. It has a beach 7 mlbs long, smooth and hard, and handsome residences, abundant flowers and local celebrities, for attrac- tions. Atlantic City, N. J. — Between Long Branch and Cape May, on whai is known as Absecom Beach, la located this attractive resort for invalids and tour- ists. Such are the advantages of its situation on the seacoast, that both summer and winter It ri- ceives many visitors. During the warm weather there is safe and delightful surf bathing, wiih hotable facilities for sailing and fishing; while in the colder seasons the mild temperature, sunny skies and pleasant surroundings, make a sojourn there extremely agreeable. Atlantic City is a pleas- ant town, with handsome hotels, pretty cottages ami wide and shady streets, suitable for long drives, and possesses very desirable accommodations for the throngs who visit it. The ease with which it may be reached from Philadelphia and New York add much to its popularity as a seaside resort. Cape May, N. J. — For particular excellence in whatever pertains to a delightful seaside watering place. Cape May has become justly celebrated. All that nature has left undone, the improvement of the age has supplied, for the health, comfort and enjoyment of old and young. The beach ranks among ihe finest anywhere for the purposes i>f bathing, promenading or driving, while the city itself, with its broarl avenues lying between lines of shade-trees, and abounding in handsome resi- dences, hotels and ornamental grounds, invites thou- sands of gay and cultured people from all parts of the Union, to enjoy its beauties. New Jersey Manufacturing Cities Very plainly on our map of New Jersey are seen the locations of Hoboken, Jersey City, Perth Am- boy, Trenton and Camden, all residence towns for- merly, and suburbs of New Y^ork and Philadelphia. These towns have permitted the incoming of fac- tories, and have increased in population accord- ingly, as seen by reference to our list of New Jersey cities. Hoboken, N, J. — This city is only a quarter of a mile from New Y'ork with which it is closely connected by ferries. Originally a residence lo- cality it is now noted for its lead pencil factory, iron foundries, paper mills, silk works and other factories. Jersey City. — This town is situated on the West side of Hudson River, a mile from New York, with which city it is connected with ferries. Among its factories are watch-making, glass works, breweries, sugar refining, foundries and numerous other in- dustries. Perth Amboy, N. J. — This city was formerly called by the Indians -Ajnbo. About 1680 it was settled by a colony from Scotland who gave the name Perth to the place, in honor of the earl of Perth, one of the colony proprietors. The Indian name was so much used, however, that finally the place taking both names, was named Perth Amboy. The place is noted for its manufacture of fire brick, stone- ware and pottery. Trenton, N. J. — Settled about 1680, this place was named in honor of William Trent, speaker of the house of assembly, in 172ii. Was selected as the capital of the state in 1700, and Incorporated as a city in 17!»J. This city is widely known for its manufacture of crockery. Camden, N. J. — Situated on the left bank of the Delaware River, opposite the city of Philadelphia, with which city it is connected by several ferri<-8. There are several iron foundries here, chemical and glass works, besides other factories. The town is handsomely located on a plain and is a beautiful residence city for great numbers of people from Philadelphia." CONDENSED IMPORT.VNT FACTS RELATING TO NEW JERSEY. Altitude. Highest point in New Jersey, Kittatinny Mountain, in Sussex Co., 1,.")27 feet. Cities. Having 10,000 population in 1000, outside of county seats: Hoboken, Hudson Co., ,511,304: Bayonne, Hudson Co., 32,72:i; Atlantic City, Atlantic Co., 27,838; Passaic, Passaic Co., 27,777; Orange, Essex Co., 24,141: West Hoboken, Hudson Co., 23.094; East Orange, Essex Co,. 21,.")0t;: Perth Amboy, Middlesex Co., 17.00!); Plainfield. I'nion Co., 15,369; Union, Union Co.. 1.5,187; Montclair. Essex Co., 13,902; Kearnev, Hudson Co., 10,890; Harrison. Hudson Co., 10,596; Millville, Cumberland Co., 10,.58o; Phillipsburg, Warren Co., 10,052. Climate. Healthful and less extreme heat and less extreme cold than slates inland. AveraKe annual mean temperature, 51.94; winter. 31.22; summer, 72.01; extremes. Cape May. hlgheat llO. lowest 7 below; yearly rainfall. 47.2 inches. Dimensions. Extreme length of State, ICO miles; extreme width, 70 miles. liistor.i. Earliest settlements by the Dutch at Bergen. 1617-20: by the Swedes on Delaware River, lO.sS: Fort Nassau, on Delaware, erected by the Dutch. 1055; country passed to English, with .\tw York. lfi(;4; became Royal Province. 1702; on.' of the original 13 States; adopted State consiilu'lon 1776; present constitution 1M4: ;>. c.nne a in.m.ier of the Union 17S7. 137 WEW MEXICO STATE AND THE 26 COUNTIES OF NEW MEXICO With Their Boundaries Looation and I'opulation of NEW MEXICO COUM'IES Lo- ■ ca- COUNTIES tion 1 San Juan. 2 Rio Arriba. 3 Taos. 4 Colfax. 5 Union. 6 McKinley . 7 San Doval. 8 Santa Fe. 9 Mora. 10. . . .San Miguel. 11 Valencia. 13 Bernalillo. 13 Torrance. 14. . . . Guadalupe. 15 Quay. 16 Curry. 17 Socorro. 18 Lincoln. 19 Chaves. go Roosevelt . 21 Grant. 22 Sierra. 23 Luna. 24 Dona Ana. 25 Otero. 26 Eddy. Total , . • Pop. 1910 . 8,504 .16,71!) .12,008 .16,460 .11,404 .12,963 . 8,579 .14,770 .12,611 .22,930 .13,320 .23,606 .10,119 .10,927 .14,912 .11,443 .14,761 . 7,822 .16,850 .12,064 .14,813 . 3,536 . 3,913 .12.893 . 7,069 .12,400 327,301 NEW MEXICO CITIES AND VILLAGES Locii. Pol). Abiquin 2 . Acoma 11. Alameda 12. *.\lamogordo . .25. •Albuciuerque .12. Alcalde 2 . Algodones 7. Anthony 24. Anton Chico. . .14. Arroyo Hondo. .3. Arroyosceo 3. ^rtesia 26. Atrisco 12 . *Aztec 1. B Bayard 21. Belen H- Bent 25. •Bernalillo 7. Beulah 10. Bibo 11. Bland 7. Bloonifield ..... 1 . Benito . . , . . 590 . . . 828 . . . 490 . .3,500 .11,020 . . . 309 . . 250 . . 847 . . 485 . . 408 .1,883 . . 531 .. 509 .18. . 200 . 673 . 366 . 786 . 200 . 200 . 615 . 246 . 300 .26. .18. .14. *Carlsbad Carrizozo Casaus . . Central 21. Cerro 3. Chacon 9. Chama .... Chamberino Chamita . . Chaperito . Chilili .... Chimayo . . Cimarron . Clarkville C ♦Clayton 5. Cleveland 9. .24. !io.' .12. .8. .4. .1,736 . . 750 . . 206 . . 508 . . 569 . . 266 . . 399 . . 597 . . 404 . . 373 . . 498 . . 319 . . 940 . . 250 . . 970 . . 615 NEAV MEXICO CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Towns Loca. Pop. Cloudcroft *Clovis . . Cochiti Colmor . . Cooks . . . . Cooney . . . Cordova . . Corona . . . Costilla .25. .16. . .7. . .4. .23. .17. .18. ..3. Coyote 2. Cubero 11. Cuchillo 22. Cuervo 14. Dayton . . . . *Deming . . . Des Moines. Dexter Dona Ana. . Dorsey .26. .23. . .5. .19. .24. . .4. . . 250 . 3,255 . . 545 . . 232 . . 504 . . 260 . . 350 . . 209 . . 599 . . 366 . . 342 . . 260 . . 360 . . 280 .1,864 . . 208 . . 242 . . 748 . . 217 E .20. ..4. Elida Elizabethtown El Rito 2. Endee 15. Espanola 2 . *Estancia 13. F Fair View 22 . Farmington ... . 1 . . 327 . 577 . 644 . 288 . 550 . 517 . 232 . 785 Toicns Locti. Pop. Fierro 21. Flora Vista 1. Folsom 5. Fort Bayard. . .21 . Fort Stanton. . .18. Fort Sumner... 14. Fort Wingate. . .6. French 4. Fruitland 1. . 236 . 484 . 520 . 290 . 496 . 526 . 290 . 450 Galisteo 8, Gallina 2. *Gallup 6 Gardiner 4 Gila 21 Glorieta 8 Golden 8 Guadalupita ... .9 Guique 3 H Hagerman .... 19 Heaton 6 *Hillsboro . . . .22 Hodges 3 . . 726 . . 257 .2,204 . . 965 . . 350 . . 250 . . 323 . . 292 . . 490 Isidor .14. Isleta 12 Jarales .11. . 449 . . 363 .1.022 . . 290 . . 296 .1,085 . . 848 Toicn.s I ocn. Pop. .7. . . 525 Jemez Springs ..7. . . 266 K Kelly .17. . . 616 Kingston .22. .. 284 L La Cueva , ,9 .. 570 Laguna .11. .1,583 Lajoya .17. . . 342 Lake Arthur. .19. . . 344 O'^ . 215 Lakewood .26. . . 250 La Luz .25. . . 444 La Mesa .24. .. 303 . .1. . 231 Largo . .1. . . 450 *Las Cruces. . .24. .3,836 Las Paloinas. . .22. . . 225 *Las Vegas. . . .10. .3,755 La Vegas .10. .3,179 Lemitar .17. .. 428 Liberty . .1. .. 250 ♦Lincoln .18. .1,065 Lordsburg . . . .21. .1,109 *Los Lunas. . . .11. . . 458 Lucero . .9. . . 208 Lumberton . . . ..2. .. 465 Luna 17. . . 260 M Madrid . .8. .. 423 Exnianation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Niimb'^r of the Countv Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 138 New Mexico Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Townn Pn,,. Magdalena . . . Manzano Maxwell City. . Mayhill Melrose Mesilla Miera Milligan Mimbres Mogollon .... Monticello .... Montoya *Mora Mountain Park. N Nara Visa. . . . O Ocate Organ Orogrande . . . P Pajarito , Paraje Park View . . 909 . . 64 y . . 271 . . 38« . 1,066 .1,374 . . 450 . . 306 . . 295 . . 599 . . 391 . . 308 .1,290 . . 317 15 290 . 200 . 259 . 460 . 388 . 282 . 811 Tou-n.s Loca. Pop. Pecos I'eralta .... Petaca Picacho .... Pinos Altos. Placitas . . . Polvadera . . *Portales . . Puerto de I^un Putnam .10. .11. '.is'. .21. . .7. .17. .20. a. 14. 1. . . 5S6 . . 561 , . 341 . . 384 .1,118 . . 206 . . 417 .1.292 .1,097 . . 200 Questa 3. R Ranches ofTaos.3. •Raton 4. Red River 3. Rincon 24. *RoswelI 19. Roy 9. Ruidoso 18. San San Acacia. . Antonio. .17. .12. 650 .1,407 .4,539 . . 208 . . 276 .3,172 . . 460 . . 348 . 460 . 365 Toicii>i Lor Pop. Sandoval ", . San Felipe 7 . San Idlelonso. . .«. San Antonio. . .17. San Jose 10. San Juan 2. San l.,orenzo. . .21 . San Marcial. . . .17. San Mateo 11 . San Pedro 8. , San Rafael. . . .11. Santa Ana. ... 7. Santa Clara 8. Santa Cruz 8. Santa Domingo. 7., Santa Fe (Capi- tal) 8. Santa Rita 21. *Santa Rosa. . .14. .5apello ■lawyer Seama ♦Silver City. *Socorro .10. .11. .11. , .21. .17. Springer 4. . . 613 . . 4!):» . . 363 . . 642 . . 606 .1,362 . . 329 .1,018 . . 322 , . 431 . . 698 . . 212 . . 268 . . 674 . . 809 .5,072 .1,874 . 1,660 . . 351 . . 560 . . 218 .3.217 .1,560 . . 558 Loril. Pop. .11. .15. T Tajique •Taos Tecolote .... Texico •Tierra Ama- rilla Tome •Tucumcari . Tularosa .... Tyrone Valencia 11 . Vallecitos 2. Variadero 10. Vaughn 14. W Wagon Mound.. 9. Watrous 9. Weed 25. White Oaks. . .18. Z Zuni 6. 31 X 521 508 409 844 985 :,.526 4.53 617 309 808 895 244 514 390 .1,309 NEW MEXICO Contains the Oldest House in the United States In the writing of New Mexico we realize that we have set aside a very small space to do justice to a state 14 times larger than Massachusetts, a region of the country containing the oldest house in the United States, at Santa Fe, the oldest settlement and oldest resident civilization. In the preparation of this volume we early began collecting literature relating to New Mexico, and in a brief time our desk was filled with books and pamphlets descriptive of the minerals, the health resorts, the antiquities, the agricultural possibilities, the irrigation schemes going forward, the easy terms on small weekly payments, by which lauds could bo bought from the irrigation companies, and the profits in fruit raising and farming. EXTENSIVE IRRIGATION PROSPECTS HERE. Over the immense area of this State there are many mountains, between which lie broad, level valleys of rich soil. As the annual rainfall is usually too light for agricultural requirements, ex- tens-ive irrigation s.vstems under control of private corporations and the general government are being developed. HUNDREDS OF THOUS.\NDS OF .\CRES RECL.VIMED. Thus hundreds of thousands of acres of desert lands in New Mexico are being reclaimed and made profitable for the settlers. All farmers do not depend on these general plans of irrigation. They buy cheaper lands, sink wells, put in a gasoline engine, construct a reservoir and irrigation systerri of tlT:'ir own and demonstrale that they can be independent of drouth and have a certainty of crops. WOULD PAY EASTERN FARMERS TO STUDY IR- RIG.\TION HERE. 11 would well pay many an Eastern farmer, who is never sure what his crop will be. because of uncertain rainfall, to visit these self-irrigated farm- ers, study their systems, return East and put theii methods into practice on their own farms. From the literature sent out from the irrigation associations, from the railroad companies, and the Bureau of Immigration, located at Santa Fe, N. M., the reader can obtain a large amount of statistics and information which will be useful. From a book entitled "The Land of Sunshine," we condense tlie following; A L.\ND OF OPP0RTU^^TIES. "New Mexico is a land of opportunities. The major part of its wealth is latent, the bulk of its natural resources is undeveloped. There are three hundred acres of land to each inhabitant, and only one acre out of every three hundred is under culti- vation. Few of the almost three hundred mining districts have been thoroughly piospected, much less systematically developed. FOR THE CAPITALIST. Capital is invited, for money is a prime requisite nowadays for the development of resources. Good returns upon carefully invested capital are certain in a greater measure than in any other part of the I'nion. Oldest Settlement and Oldest Resident Civilization. FOR THE MANUFACTURER. Manufacturers are needed to make use of the raw material that New Mexico can and does furnish in large quantities. It has grazing upon its thousand hills SIX million sheep of improved grades, there- fore it produces the raw material for many woolen mills. Thus in other industries. FOR THE HUSBANDMAN. Farmers are urged to come to till the fertile soil under the most favorable conditions, and with home markets that pay better prices than can be ob- tained anywhere else. Only a quarter of a million of acres are under cultivation, and most of these only in forage plants or in products that demand little attention; four times that area is immediately available for agricultural purposes. FOR THE aUNER. A great field for the miner! New Mexico lies in the same mineral zone as Colorado, with the dif- ference that Colorado has been well prospected, while in New Mexico, although mining is an old industry, there are many virgin mineral districts and even the oldest mining sections have been in- completely prospected and but little developed. FOR THE BUSINESS MAN. The business men of New Mexico have most of them come from the east and it seems that, without exception, they have do le exceedingly well. FOR MECHANICS. While New Mexico is no manufacturing' com- monwealth, yet mechanics are needed in the building trades, in the coal mines, in the railroad shops, or to go into business for themselves on a small scale. FOR THE HEALTH SEEKER. Health seekers are invited. New Mexico does not intend to shut the door upon them. Physicians the world over recognize that its climate offers the best, and in most circumstances the only con- ditions under which those suffering from lung, throat and nervous trouble can be cured. CONDENSED IMPORT.AXT F.\CTS. .'Vltitude. Highest peali. Las Truchas, in Rio Ar- riba County, 13,306 feet. Climate. .A.t Santa Fe, mean temperature, 53 ; average temperature, January, 28 degrees above zero; July, tiS degrees above zero. Highest, !»7 degrees above zero; lowest, 14 degrees below zero. Average annual rainfall, 14.2 inches. Dimensions. Extreme length of State, north to south, 3iiO miles; extreme width, east to west, 3.j0 miles. Histor.v. Spanish exploration, under Coranado. A-")4]. Eastern two-thirds of territory originally formed part of Texas, all east of the Rio Grande having been claimed by the republic. A portion of the territory ceded by Mexico to the United States in 184S and a strip of the Gadsen purchase secured in 1S."3 adopted a constitution in IS.'iO and sinie that time has been seeking admission to the Union. 139 KEW YORK STATE AND THE 61 COUNTIES OF NEW YORK With Their Boundaries 13u.J5 I 164. f^-.,-J^ 33 .!^^'^f^°W m ^ ' I I I 43 *4 • 45 I -"-'/' ,> '-.-1 Afi / 47^48-ii 43 . 44 ' 45 . ,^ // ?, V fi :^ , j^: LOCATION AND li)10 I'OPl I.ATION YOKK COLNTLES. Loca. County Pop. 1. . St. Lawrence 2 Franklin 3 Clinton 4 Jefferson 5 Lewis 6 Herkimer 7 Hamilton 8 Essex 9 Niagara 10 Orleans 11 Monroe 12 Wayne 13 Cauga 14 Oswego 15.... Ononadaga 16 Madison 17 Oneida 18 Fulton 19 Warren 20 Saratago. 21. . . Washington , .85,005 , .45,717 , .48,230 , .80,297 . .24,849 . .56,356 . . 4,378 .33,458 . .92,036 . .82,000 283,212 .47,778 . .67,106 .71,664 . 200,298 . .39,289 .154,157 . .44,534 32 223 ;6lT',917 . ..50,179 Locn. County Pop. 22 Erie 23 Genesee 24 Wyoming 25. . . . Livingston 26 Ontario 27 Yates 28 Seneca 29 Tompkins .30 Cortland 31 Chenango 32 Otsego 33. . . Montgomery 34 Schoharie 35. . . Schenectady 36 Albany 37 Renselaer 38... Chautauqua 39. . . Cattaraugus 40 Allegheny 41 Steuben 42 Schuyler .528,985 .37,615 , .31,380 .38,037 , .52,286 . .16,642 , .26,972 , .33,647 .29,249 . .35,575 .47,216 , .57,567 .23,855 . .88,235 173,666 122.276 ,105,126 , .65,919 . .41,412 .83.362 .14.004 Loca. County Pop. 43 Chemung. .54,662 44 Tioga. .25,624 45 Broome. .78,809 46 Delaware. .87.661 47 Greene. .30,214 48 Columbia. .43,658 49 Sullivan. .33,808 50 Ulster. .91,769 51 Dutchess. .87.861 52 Orange. 115.751 53 Putnam. .14,665 Loca. County Pop. 64 Rockland. .46,873 55... Westchester. 283, 055 56 Bronx 57 Richmond. .85,969 58 Kings 1.634,351 59 Queens. 284,041 60 Nassau. .83,930 61 Suffolk. .96,138 Total 9,113,614 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. A Accord 50. . . . 375 Adams 4. . .1,458 Adams Basin . .11 . . . . 274 Adams Center. .4. . . . 650 Addison 41 . . .2,004 Adrian 41 500 Afton 31 729 Akin 33 606 Akron 22... 1,677 Alabama 23. . . . 227 Albanv (capital) 36.100,253 ♦Albion 10... 5,016 Alburg 2 363 Alden 22 828 Alexander . . . .23. . . . 212 Towns Loca. Pop. Alexandria Bay 4. . .1,899 Alfred 40 759 AUaben 50 2.50 .A.llegany 39. ..1.286 AUenshill 26 220 Allentown 40 655 Alligerville .. . ..50. . . . 250 Almond 40. . . . 606 Altamont 36 674 Altav 42 206 Altmar 14 360 Alton 12 3.50 Altona 3. . . . 2.50 Amagansett ...61.... 608 Amawalk 55 290 Amenia 51... 1,206 Towns Loca. Pop. Amityville 61... 2,517 Amsterdam . . . 33 . . 31,267 Ancram 48 . . .1,332 Andes 46 ... . 414 Andover 40. . .1,336 Angelica 40. . .1,056 Angola 22 898 Antwerp 4. . . . 974 Apalachin 44. . . . 460 Aquebogue . . . .61 .... 320 Aquetuck 36. . . . 250 Arcade 24 . . .1,294 Arden 52 290 Ardslev 55. . . . 537 Arena 46 208 Argvle 21 231 Arietta 7 295 Thicns Loca. Pop. Arkport . . .. .41. . . . 460 Arkville . . . . .46. . . . 430 Arkwright . . .38. . . . 886 Arlington . . . .51. . . . 750 Armonk . . . . ..55. . . . 265 Ashford .. . ... 39 . . . . 306 Ashland . . . . .47. . . . 780 Ashville . . . ... 38 . . . . 406 Athens .... . . .47. .1,956 Athol Sprin gs..22. . . . 380 Atlanta . . . .. .41. . . 294 Attica .... .. .24. . .1,869 Atwood . . . ... 50 . . . 209 * Auburn . . ... 13 . 34 686 Augusta . . . . . .17. .1,354 Aurelius . . . ..13. ..1.548 Aurora .... . . .13. . . . 493 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column. Number the Same as Numbfr of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 140 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. 20. .20. .58. .51. ..3. .40. .15. .4. Au Sable Chasm. 3.. Au Sable Forks. 8. , Averillpark . . .37. , Avoca 41. , Avon 25. Awosting 50. , Babcockhill . . .11 . Babylon 61. Bacon Hill . . .20. Bainbridge . . . .31. Baiting Hollow. 61. Baldwin 60 Baldwinsville .15 Ballston Lake *Bal!ston Spa. Bangor Station Bangor ;;. Barker 9. Barre Center. .10. Barry town ....51. Barryville . . . .49. Barton 44. *Batavia 23. *Bath 41. Battenville ... .21. Bay port 61. Bay Shore ... .61. Bayville 60. Beaver Dams.. 42. Beaver Falls. ...5. Bedford 55. Bedford Sta- tion Beckman . . . Beckmantown Belfast Belle Isle . . . Bellville .... Bellevue 22. . Bellmore 60. Bellona 27. Bellport «n. Bellvale 52. *Belmont 40. Belniont Center. 2. Belvidere 40. Bennington . . .24. Benson 7. Benson Mines... 1. Bergen 23. Berkshire 44. Berlin 37. Berne 36. Bethel 49. Bethlehena Center 36. Bidwell 11. Big Creek 41. Big Flats 43. Big Tree 22. •Binghamton ..45. Binnewater Bishopville Black River Blasdell . . . Blauvelt 54. Bleecker 18. Bliss 24. Bloomingburg. .49. Bloomingdale Bloomlngton Bloomville . . Blue Point. . . Bohemia .... Bolivar Bolton Bolton Landing . . Bombay 2,399 2,500 . 450 1,057 2,083 . 508 .2,600 .2,357 . . 290 .1,159 . . 250 .2,596 .3,099 . . 200 .4,138 . . 490 .2,184 .. 441 . . 208 . . 490 . . 380 . . 208 11,613 .3,884 . . 275 . . 750 .3,842 . . 590 .. 509 . . 900 .. 390 .. 609 . . 255 . 1,889 . . 990 . . 326 .. 344 . . 490 .. 680 . . 250 .. 419 . . 350 .1,094 . . 380 .. 200 . . 390 . . 215 . . 996 . . 637 .1,160 .1.677 .1,915 .. 215 Towns Loca. Pop. .50. .40. . .4. . 50 . .46. .61. .61. .40. .19. .19. Boonville . . . Boquet Border City . Borodino .... Boston Bouckville . . Bowmansville Bradford Brainard .... Brainardsville Branchport . Brandon .... Brant Brasher Falls Br^akabeen Breesport Brentwood . . Brewerton ... .1.5. Brewster 53 .17. .8. .28. ,15. lie.' .41.' .37. . .2. 22 '.~.\'. .34. .43. .61. .4,451 .. 208 . . 590 . . 666 . . 208 48,443 . . 490 .2,129 . . 916 .. 849 .. 350 . . 527 .. 499 .. 550 . . 382 . . 466 . . 350 . . 506 . . 390 .2,318 .1,561 .1,363 .1.386 .1,794 . . 250 . . 296 . . 209 .1,278 . . 250 .. 366 . . 620 .. 280 . . 280 .. 273 .. 920 .. 250 . . 666 . . 209 .. 506 . . 250 . . 625 .1.296 BriarclifE Manor . . . Bridge- hampton . Bridgeport . Bridgewater Brier Hill .61 .16 .17 .. .1 Brighton 2 Brighton .... Broadalbin . . Brockport . . . Brocton Bronxville . . Brookfield Brook Haven. 'Brooklyn . . . Brookton . . . Brookview .11 .18. . .11. . .38. .55. .16. .61. 58 1, 29 37 Broome Center.34 Brow-nville 4 Brushton Buchanan . ♦Buffalo . . Burdett . . . Burke .... Burlingham Burlington Flats 32. Buskirk Bridge.21. Busti 38. Byron 23. .55. '.42 ; ..2. .49. ... 950 ..1,394 ... 426 ... 245 ... 266 ... 794 . . . 846 ..1,933 . .3,579 . .1,181 . .1,863 ... 395 ... 350 634,351 ... 362 . . . 222 . .1,054 ... 854 ... 598 ... 390 423,705 . . . 382 ..1,875 ... 266 ... 309 ... 321 ... 390 ... 350 Cadosia 46. Cairo 47. Caledonia Callicoon Callicoon Center Calverton Cambridge Camden . Cameron Camillus Campbell 41. Canaan 48. Canajoharie . . .33. •Canandaigua .26. Canaseraga ...40. Canastota 16. Candor 44. Caneadea 40 .49. . .49.. .61. . .21. . .17.. .41. . .15.. Canisteo Cannonsville . *Canton Cape Vincent. Capron Carlisle 34.. Carman 35. . .41. .46. .1. .4. .17. .53. .29.. .29. .39. .. .4. .38. .17. Carmel Caroline . Caroline Center . Carrollton Carthage . Cassadaga Cassville . Castile 24., Castle Creek . . .45. . Castleton 37., Castorland 5. . Catharine 42. . Catlin 43. . Cato 13. . Caton 41. . ♦Catskill 47. . Cattaraugus ...39.. Caughdenoy ...14.. Cayuga 13. . Cayuta Cazenovia . . . Cedar Hill. . . Cedarhurst . . Cedarvale . . . Celeron Cementon . . . Center Cam- bridge Center Lisle. Center Moriches Centerport Centerville Station . . Central Bridge. 34. Central Islip. . .61. Central Park. . .60. Central Square. 14. Central Valley. 52. Ceres 40. .42. . .16. . .36. . .60. . .15. . .38. . .47. . .21.. . .45.. . . 61 . . . .61. , .49. , . 509 , . 573 .1,240 . . 880 . . 250 . . 210 , 1,528 .2,170 .1,317 . . 763 . . 480 . . 215 .2,273 .7,217 . . 754 . 3,247 . . 737 . . 450 .2,254 . . 300 .2,701 .1,155 . . 608 .1.091 . . 450 . . 660 . . 200 . . 266 . . 202 .3,563 . . 428 . . 226 .1,040 . . 230 .1,396 . . 360 .1,268 . . 912 . . 374 .1,315 .5,396 .1,165 . . 250 . . 348 . . 383 .1,861 . . 206 . . 762 . . 226 . . 619 . . 606 . . 357 . . 225 .1,017 . . 487 . . 862 . . 426 . . 426 . . 5.S0 . . 429 . . 820 . . 350 Town..>6 . . . 851 . . . 254 . . 201 . . 526 . . 201 , .1,341 , .1.146 , .3,938 . . . 201 . . . 401 . . . 501 . . 251 , . . 250 . . . 691 . . 303 . . . 201 . . 802 . .1. .46. .35. .39. .46. .36. .15. .14. .50. ..4. Depew 22. Deposit Derby Derrick De Ruyter . . Dexter Dickinson . . . Dickinson Center .... Dobbs Ferry Dodgeville Dorloo Dover Plains Downsville . . Dresden .... Dresden Station Dryden Duane Duanesburg . Dundee Dunkirk .... Durham .... Durhamville Eagle Bridge . .37 Eagle Harbor .16 Eagle Mills . Earlville East Aurora. East Avon . . East Bethany East Bloomfield . .26 East Branch ..46 East Chatham ...48 East Durham. .47 East Florence.. 17 East Greenbush . .47 .45. ..22. .. .2. .16. ,. .4. ...2. , ..2. .55. . .6. .34. .51. .46. .21. .29. I35'. .27. .38. .47. .17. .37. .10. .25. .23. . . . 451 . . . 202 . . . 451 . . . 751 . .1,736 . . . 401 . . . 231 . . . 501 . . . 897 . . . 351 ..3.921 . .1,864 . . . 251 . . . 351 . . . 538 . . 1 ,005 . .1.763 . .1.064 . .3,4.->5 . .2,685 . . . 301 . . . 797 . . . 551 . . . 345 . . . 251 . . 709 . . . 372 ..3,467 . .1.228 .17.221 . . . 27.5 ...731 301 315 501 874 .2,781 251 201 .1.941 . 301 . 224 . 251 . 201 141 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. East Groveland East Hamptou East Hartford East Islip ...' East Kingston ... East Marion . East Meredith . . . , East Moriches . . . East Nassau . East Northport . . East Oldfield . Easton East Onondaga. . East Otto . . . . East Palmyra . . . , East Park . . . . East Patchogue . East Pembroke . . Eastport East Quoque . East Randolph . . East Rochester . . East Rockaway . East Schodack. East Setauket . . . East Springfield . East Syacuse .... Eastwood .... East Worcester . . Eaton Ebenezer .... Eddyville .... Eddyvile Eden Edinburg .... Edison Edmeston ... Edwards Eggertsville Egypt Elba Elbridge . . .-. , ♦Elizabethto^Vh Elkbrook . . . . , Ellenburg . . . . Ellenburg Center Ellenville .... Ellicottville . . Ellington .... Ellisburg .... Elma Elmhurst .... *EImira Elmira Heights .... Elmsford .... Emerick Emeryville Empire Enderlin Endicott Enfleld Center Ephratan .... Erieville Erin Erwin Esopus Esperance Essex Essex Station. Etna Euclid Evans 25. . 61., 31. , 61., 50., 61., 46.. 61.. 37., 61., 23. 21., 15. 39. 13. , 51., , . . 205 , .iJ.OOl , . . 203 . . . 999 . . . 401 , . . 401 . . . 301 ...847 . . . 201 , .. 301 . . . 503 ...201 . . . 400 . . . 301 ...351 . . . 203 61 251 33., 61., 61. , 39., 11., 60., 37.. , . . 501 .. 401 .. 302 . . 598 .2,398 .1,203 .. 205 . . 684 , . . 301 .3,374 . . 810 , . . 501 .2,474 . . 501 . . 601 ..215 ..701 .1,033 . . 651 . . 801 .. 476 . . 301 .. 393 . . 351 .. 462 . . 505 .. 201 .. 324 .3. 50. , 39. 38. .4. 33. 59. 43. 43. 55. 36. .1. 48. 52. 45. 29. 18. ,16. 43. 41. 50. 34. 29. , 15., 23., Fabius . . . . Fairfield . . , Fairground Fair Haven Fairport . . . Falconer Fallsburg . , .15. ..6. .61. .13. .11. .38. .49. .3,114 .. 985 .. 501 .. 702 .. 251 .3,500 37,176 .2,733 . . 553 .. 501 .. 201 . . 203 .1,001 .3,408 .1,111 .1,497 . . 351 .. 898 .3,107 .. 351 . . 263 .1,344 .. 351 . 375 .. 201 .. 200 . . 384 . . . 251 . . . 200 . . 571 , .3.112 .2.141 . . . 403 Loca. Pop. .SJ. ..39. .60. .22. !28'. .15. ..4. .14. .40. .38. . .1. .26., Farmersville Farmersville Station .... Farmingdale Farnham . . . Faust Fayette .... Favetteville . Felts Mills .'. Fernwood . . . Fillmore .... Findley Lake Fine Firthcliff .... Fishers Fishers Island .... Fishkill Fishkill on the Hudson Fishs Eddy Flagg Flfischmanns Fleining . . Floral Park Florence . . Florida . . . Floyd Fly Creek . ♦Fonda . . . Forestburg Forestport Forestville Forks Fort Ann . Fort Covington.. 2 Fort Covington Center 2 . . 275 . . 201 .1,567 . . 541 . . 301 . . 251 .1,481 . . 401 . . 203 . . 401 . . 401 . . 303 . . 301 . . 201 . . 301 . . 516 .51. .3,902 ,46 335 . .8. .. 201 .46. .. 301 .13. .1,076 .60. .1,335 .17. .. 351 ..53. .. 555 .17. . . 922 . 33 , . . 251 . :i3 . .1,101 .49. .. 714 .17. .. 507 .38. . . 731 .33. .3,301 .31. .. 436 ..2. .. 854 .21. .33. .21. .33. .33. .25. . .6. .46. Fort Edward Fort Hunter Fort Miller . Fort Montgom- ery Fort Plain Station Fowlerville Frankfort . Franklin . . Franklin Falls .2. Franklin Springs 17. Franklinville .39. Fredonia 38. Freehold 47. Freeman 41 . Freeport 60. Freetown Corners 30. Freeville 39. Fremont Center 49. Frewsburg . . Friendship Fulton Fulton Chain Fultonham . . Fultonville . . G Gabriels 2. Gaines 10. Gainesville . . . .34. Galena 31. .38. .40. .14. . .6. .34. .33. ...877 ..3,763 . .. 701 . . . 301 . . . 215 ..2,762 . . . 708 . . . 382 ..3.303 . . . 473 ..1,496 . . . 353 ..1,568 ..5,285 ...241 . . . 501 ..4,836 . . . 539 . . . 318 ..2,168 . . . 801 ..1,218 .10,481 . . . 201 ..1,998 . . . 813 Gallupville Gansevoort Garbutt .... Garden City Gardenville Gardiner .34. .30. .11. .60. .33. .50. Garfield 37. Garnerville Garoga .... Garrattsville Garrison . . . Gasport . . . , Geneseo ... Geneva . . . . , Genoa Georgetown Germantown Gerry Getzville Gibson Gilbert .... Gilbertsville Gilboa Gile Glasco Glen Glen Cove . Glenfield ...54. . .18. . . 33 . ..53. . . .9. ..25. ..36. ..13. ..16. ..48. ..38. . . 23 . . .41. ..28. . . 33 . ..34. ...2. ..50. ..33. ..60. ...5. , . . 201 ...201 . . . 337 . . . 865 . . . 258 . . . 202 224 !!! 577 . . , 701 , . . 352 . . . 401 ..1,301 . . . 449 . . . 235 . . . 501 . . . 375 ..3,067 .12,446 . . . 451 . . . 896 . . . 801 . . . 303 . . . 501 . .. 278 . . . 200 . .. 445 . . 1,425 ...201 . .1,.501 . .3.191 . . 7,501 . . . 251 Towns Loca. Pop. Glenham Glen Head Glenlock .... Glenpark Glens Falls.. Glenside .... Glenville Glenwood Landing . . Gloverville . . Good Ground Gorham .... *Goshen .... Gouveneur Gowanda Grafton Grahamsville Granby Center. 14 Grande Gorge .46 Grand Island . .23 Grandview . . Granville .... Grapevine . . . Grassy Point Great Bend . Great Neck . Greatneck Station 60.. Great Valley . .39. , Greece 11. , Greene 31 . . Green Island ..36. Green Lawn . .61. Greenport . . . .61 . , Greenville . . . .47. Greenwich ....31. Greenwood . . .41 . , Griffin Corners. 46. , Groton 29.. Groveland Station 25.. Guilderland ...36.. Guilderland Center 36., Guilford 31., H Hadley 20., Hagaman 33.. Hagerman ....61.. Hague 19. , Haines Falls ..47., Hale Eddy 46 . Halesite 61.. Hall 26.. Halsey Valley. 44. , Hamburg 22 . , Hamden 46. , Hamilton 16., Hamlet 38. , Hamlin 11. , Hammond 1. , Hainmonds- port 41 . , Hampton 21 . . Hancock 46.. Hannawa Falls.. 1.. Hannibal 14. . Hannibal Center 14. . Hardenburg ...50., Harford 30. Harford Mills. .30. Harpersville Harriettstown Harrison Harrisville narrower .... Hartford .... Hartland .... Hart Lot Hartsdale .... Hartwick .... Hastings Hastings upon Hudson .... Hauppauge . . . Haverstraw . . Hawkinsville Hawthorne . . . Hecla Works . Hector Hemlock Hempstead Henderson . . . Henderson Harbor .... Henrietta .... Hensonville . . ♦Herkimer . . . Hermitage . . . .45 .55 .' '. .3,541 Loca. Pop. Herman 1. Heuveltcn 1. Hewitville 1. Hewlett Hicksville High Falls Highland Highland Falls .. Highland Mills. 5S 60. .60. .50. .50. .54. ..48. ..11. ..27. . .17. .10. .39. .37. .46. Hillburn Hillsdale Hilton Himrod Hinckley .... Hindsburg . . , Hinsdale ..... Hoag Corners Hobart Hogansburg Holbrook . . . Holcomb ... Holland Holland Patent .... Holley Homesville . . Homer Honeoye .... Honeoye Falls Hoosick Hoosick Falls Hope 7 Hopewell Junction . . . .51 Hopkintcn 1 Horicon Hornby . . . Hornell . . . Horseheads Howard Howells .61. .26. ,.23. .17. . .10. .31. .30. .36. .11. 37. 37. . . 587 . . 500 . . 259 . . 511 .2,509 . . 790 . 1,300 .2,470 . . 560 .1,090 . . 560 . . 637 . . 310 . . 666 . . 323 . . 208 . . 257 . . 544 . . 353 . . 201 . . 226 . . 763 . . 337 .1,679 . . 250 .2,695 . . 436 .1,169 . . 363 .5,533 . . 317 .19. .41. .41. .43. .41. .53. Hubbardsville .16. ♦Hudson 48. ♦Hudson Falls. 31. Hughsonville . .51. Suguenot Park. 57. , .10. .40. .47. .61. .61. .50. .49. . 13 . .36. .51. Hulberton . . . Hume Hunter Huntington . Huntington Station . . . Hurley Hurleyville . . Huron Hurstville . . . Hyde Park . I Idlewiia Ilion Indian Falls Indian Lake Interlaken . . Inwood Ionia Ira Irona Irondequoit . . .11. Ironville 8. Irving 38. Irvington 55. Ischua 39. Islip 61. Italy 37. ♦Ithaca 39. ,.52. . .6. ..23. ...7. , .28. . .60. . .26. ..13. ...3. Jamesport . Jamestown . Jamesville . Jasper Jay Jeddo Jefferson . . . Jeffersonville Jericho .... Jerusalem Jewett Jewettville . .Tohnsburg . Johnson .. . . Johnsonburg Johnson Creek. .9 Johnsonville ..37 ♦Johnstown ...18 Jordan 15 Jordanville 6 Junius 28 .61. .38. .15. .41. . .8. .10. .34. .49. .60. .36. .47. .22. .19. .52. .24. . . . 320 . . . 20G ..1,114 . . . 940 .13,617 ..1,778 ..1,530 . . . 2.50 . . . 46(» .11,417 ..5,189 . . . 683 . . . 450 . . . 462 . . . 385 . . . 408 ..5,030 . .. 236 . . . 463 . . . 520 . . . 260 ..1,793 . . . 786 ..1.092 ..6,588 . . . 258 ..1,049 . . . 693 . . 1,929 . . . 210 . . . S>00 . . . 390 . . . 209 . . . 330 . . . 390 ..2,319 . . . 250 . .2,306 ..1,206 .14,803 . . . 341 .31,297 , . . 495 ..1,365 ..1,985 . . . 350 . .1,304 . . . 334 . . . 4.50 . . . 250 , . . 200 , . . 300 ,.2,364 , . . 226 , . . 426 , . . 220 . . 550 10,447 , . . 978 . . 250 . . . 908 14? 1 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Kaaterskill Kanona . . Katona . . Katrine . . Keene . . . Keene Valley Keeseville Keddall . Kelleys . Kendall Mills Keumore . . Kennedy . . Kenwood Kerhonkson Killawog . . Kill Buck . Kinderhook King Ferry Kings Park ♦Kingston . Kirkville . . Kirkwood . Knapp Creek Knapps .... Knowlesville Knox Knoxboro . . Kripplebush .47. .41. , .55. .50. ,..8, . .8. . .8. .10. .35. .10. '. '.S»'. ..16. . .50. . .45. . .3a. ..48. . .13. . .61. . ..50. ..15. ..45. . . 39 . . . .1. ..10. . .36. . IT. . .50. Lackawanna . .23. Lacona 14. La Fargeville. . .4. , La Grangeville.51. Lake George... 19. Lake Grove.... 61. Lake Hunt- ington 49. Lake Katrina..50. Lake Placid.... 8. *Lake Pleasant. <. Lake View. Lakeville . Lakewood Lancaster . Langford . Lansing . . . Larchmont La Salle Lassalleville . Laurens Lawrence .... Lawrenceville Lawyersville . Lebanon Spgs..48. Lee Center. . . .17. Leeds 47. Le Fevre Falls. 50. . .35. . .38. 22 . .'.'.2Z'. . .14. ..55. .. .9. . .18. . .32. .60. . .1. .34. .25. .39. .16. .23. .45. .38. ..8. Lewiston 9. .47. .49. .38. .25. .39. .31. Liebhardt Leicester .... Leon Leonardsville Le Roy Lest ersh ire . . Levant Lewis Lexington . . . Liberty Lillydale .... Lima Limestone . . . Lincklaen . . . Lincolndale . Lindenhurst . Lindley Linlithgo . . Linlithgo Sta Lisle Little Falls.. Little Genesee. 40 •Little Valley. .39 Liverpool . . . Livingston . . Livingston Manor .... Livingstonville . 34 Livonia 25 Livonia Center. 25 Lobdell 3 Locke 13 *Lockport 59 Locust Valley. .60 , .61. .41. .48. .48. .45. . .6. .15. .48. 49. Lodi Long Eddy Long Lake. Looinis . . . , Lordville . . Loraine ... Loudonville .28. .49. , ..7. , .49. ,.46. , . .4. .36. . . . 890 . . . 290 ..1,409 . . . 566 . .1,258 . .1.258 . . 1,835 . . . 460 . . . 650 . . . 330 ..1,020 . . . 663 . . . 622 . . . 350 . . . 363 . . . 250 . . . 698 . . . 320 . .1,090 .25,908 . . . 250 . . . 290 . . . 226 . . . 360 . . . 321 ..1,174 . . . 262 . . . 229 . 14,549 . . . 443 , . . 475 . . . 200 . . . 633 . . . 463 . . . 336 . . . 562 ..1,633 . . . 494 . . . 596 ...476 . . . 564 ..4,364 . . . 218 . . . 263 ..1,958 . .1,399 , . . 326 . . . 242 ..1,189 . . . 398 . . . 250 . . . 530 . . . 325 . . . 309 . . . 302 . . . 390 . . . 304 . . . 250 . . . 350 ..3,771 ..3,775 . . . 762 ..1,049 ...713 . . . 362 ..3,073 . . . 250 . . . 866 . . . 684 . . . 250 . . . 200 ..1,356 ..1,174 . . . 266 . . . 208 . . . 329 .12,273 . . . 2.50 . .1.368 ..1,388 . . . 245 .1,086 . . 326 . . 823 . . 226 . . 253 .1.079 17,970 .. 448 . . 495 . . 766 .1,233 . . 226 . . 226 . . 390 .. 556 Towns Loca. Pop. Louisville . . *Loweville . Loyd Ludlowville l>uzerne .... Luzon Lycoming . . Lynbrook . . Lyndowville *Lyons Lyonsdale . . Lyons Falls. Lysander . . M McConnellsville.l7. ..1. . .5. ..50. .29. .19. .49. .14. . . 60 . .10., .12. , McDonough McGraw . . . McLean .... Macedon . . . Machias .... Macomb . . . Madalin .... Madison . . . Madrid .... Madrid Spgs Mahopac . . . Maine Maiden Bridge. 48 Maiden on Hud- son 50. 39. .1. 51. 16. .1. .1. 53. .45. Mallory .... *Malone . . . Mamaroneck Manchester Manhasset . Manitou Manlius Mannsville . Manorkill . . Manorville . Marathon . . Marcellus . . Margaretville Marilla ... Marion ... Marlboro . . Martinsburg Maryland . , Masonville Massapequa Massena . . Massena Spgs Matoon . . Matteawan Mattituck Maybrook Mayfleld . *Mayville Maywood Mechanicsville Mecklenburg , Meco Medford Sta Medina . . . Medusa . . . Mellenville Melrose . . . Melville .. Memphis . , Mendon . . , Meridian . . Merrick . . . Mexico Middleburg Middle Falls Middlefield . Middle Gran- ville Middle Grove Middle Hope Middle Island Middleport Middlesex . Middletown Middleville Milford .. Millbrook Millerton Mi II grove Mill Port. Mills Milton . . . Mina .... Minaville Minden *MineoIa Minerva . Mineville Minisink . Minoa . . . .14. ..55. , ..26., ..60., ..53. , ..15., . . .4. . ..34., . .61. , ..30. ..15. .46. , .22 '.'.12'. ..50. . . .5. . . . 32 . , ..46., ..60. .. .1. . . .1. , .. .1. , . .51. . .61. ..52. ..18. . . 38 . ..46. .20. .42. .18. .61. , .10. .36. .48. .37. .61., .15. .11. .13. .60. .14. , . 34 . .21. .33. .21. .20. .52. .61. ...9. .27. .52. ..6., .32., .51. , .51. , 23 .43.'. .30., ..50. .38., .33., .33., .60., . .8., . .8., ..52. , .15., , .1,-553 ,.2,940 . . . 263 , . . 363 , .1,371 . . . 552 . . 203 .2,051 . . 647 .4,460 , . 1,451 , . . 759 . . . 250 , . . 260 . . 322 , . . 931 , . . 460 . . 536 , . . 662 .1,245 ..1,041 . . 309 . . 950 . . 250 . . 450 . . 409 . . 310 .. 244 .. 256 .6,467 .5,699 .. 881 .1,063 . . 250 .1,314 .. 330 .. 250 . . 550 .1,079 ..917 . . 669 . . 462 . . 836 . . 920 . . 326 . . 220 .. 350 .. 543 .3,951 . . 206 222 ! 6,727 .1,290 .. 250 . . 590 .1,122 . . 460 .6,634 . . 460 . . 200 . . 2.50 .5,603 . . 250 . . 564 . . 360 . . 26G . . 222 . . 204 . . 326 . . 520 .1.233 .1,114 . . 420 . . 243 . . 723 . . 250 . . 350 . . 285 .1,530 . . 350 15,313 .. 625 .. 511 .1,136 . . 858 . . 263 . . 506 . . 290 .1,209 .1.125 . . 256 .4.591 .1,981 .1,012 .1,844 . . 390 .. 320 Loca. Pop. Mitchellville . 41 Model City. . .. ..9. Modena ..50. Mohawk ..6. Moira . .2 Monroe .53, Monsey .,54. Monterey .... .43. Montezuma .. .13. Montgomery '. ..52. *Monticello ,49, Montour Falls. .42. Montrose .... ..55. Mooers . .3. Mooers Forks. ,3, Moravia .13. Morehouse ville .7. Moriah ..8, Moriches .61 Morley .1. Morris .32 Morrisonville . . ,3. Morristown ..1 . Morrisville . . . .16. Morton Corners.22. Moscow .25. Mossyglen .... .41. Mottville .... .15, Mountain Dale .49 Mountainville ..52 Mt. Kisko ..55. Mt. Morris. . . . .25. Mt. Sinai .61. Mt. Upton .31. Mt. Vernon. . . ..55. Mt. Vision . . . . 33 . Mumford .... .11. Munnsville . . . .16. . . . 308 . . . 290 . . . 250 ..2,079 ..2,473 ..1,195 . . . 336 ...276 . . . 350 ...941 ..1,941 ..1,208 . . . 204 . . . 560 . .. 226 ..1,324 .. . 216 ..5,717 . . . 204 . . . 530 . . . 53.5 . . . 350 . . . 540 ... 562 ...201 . . . 304 . . . 293 ...601 . . . 363 . . . 450 ..3,803 . .3,783 . . . 275 . . . 350 .30,919 . . . 251 . . . 455 . . . 401 N Nanuet Napanoch . . . . Naples Narrowsburg . Nassau .54. .50. , .26. , .49. . 3; Natural Bridge. .4. Naumburg Nelliston . . Nelsonville , Neversink . New Albion Newark ... Newark Valley. 44. New Baltimore .47. New Berlin ... .31 . New Bremen. . . .5. New Bridge 1 .5. .33. .53. .49. .39. . 12 . .52. .54. .9. .29. Newburgh *New City Newcomb Newfane . Newfield . New Hamburg. 51. New Hampton. 53. New Hartford. .17. New Haven. . New Hyde Park New Lebanon New Lisbon. . New Paltz. . . Newport .... New Rochelle New Scotland New Suffolk . Newtonfalls . Newtonville . New Windsor New Wood- stock ♦New York. . New York Mills Niagara Falls Niagara University Nichols .... Nicholville . Nile Nineveh Niobe Niskayuna . Niverville . . Norfolk .... Northampton North Argyle. .21. No. Bangor. . . North Bay. . . . No. Blenheim. No. Boston ... .32 . North Branch.. 49. ..14. . .60. . .48. . . 32 . ..50. . . .6. ..55. . .36. . .61. .. .1. ..36. . .52. . .16. .56.4, ..17., ...9., . ..9., . .44. , . . .1. . . .40. . . .45. , . . 38 . , ..35. ..48., . . .1. , 18. , .17. .34. .. 701 . . 650 .1,093 . . 401 . . 539 .. 401 . . 201 .. 737 .. 765 ..301 . . 201 .6,227 . . 925 .. 734 .1,114 . 1,975 . . 201 27,805 . . 450 . . 554 .. 501 . . 334 . . 590 . . 260 .1,195 .. 296 .1,001 . . 460 . . 201 .1,2. SO . . 583 28,867 .3,015 . . 251 .. 401 . . 250 ...614 . . . 338 766,883 . .2, .5.52 .30,445 .. 250 . . 533 . . 363 . . 290 . . 450 . . 290 .1,445 . . 219 .1,.500 .3.604 . . 208 . . 480 . . 350 .. 528 . . 209 .. 350 Towns Loca. Pop. No. Brookfleld.l6. North Chill 11 No. Chocton. No. Collins. . North Creek. No. Elba No. Evans. . . . North Fair Haven North Ger- mantown . . . No. Granville Hannibal. Hebron . . . Hoosick. . Hudson . . . North Java. . . No. Lawrence. No. Norwich . , North Peham. No. Petersburg. 37 No. Pharsalia. .31. Northport ....61. North Rose. . . .12. North Salem . .55. No. Stockholm. .1. No. Syracuse. .15. No. Tarrytown .55. No. Tonawanda. .9. Northville 18. No. No. No. No. ,.41. .22. ..19. .. .8. .22. .13. ..48. .21. .14. .21. .37. . . .8. .24. . .1. .31. .55. Norw-ich Norwood Nunda . . Nyack . . O Oakfield 23. Oaks Corners. .26. Ocean Side 60. Odessa 42. Ogden 11. Ogdensburg .... 1 . Olcott 9. Old Chatham. .48. Old Forge 6. Old Holbrook. .61. Old Westburv. .60. Olean 39. Olivebridge. . . .50. Olmstedville ...8. Oneida 16. Oneida Castle. .17. Oneida Valley. .16. Oneonta 32. Onondaga 15. Onondaga Valley 15. Onoville 39. Ontario ...#.. .12. Ontario Center. 12. Oppenheim ....18. Orangeburg . . Orchard Park. Orient Oriskanv ..54. .61. .17. Oriskany Falls. 14., Orleans Orleans Four Corners . . . Orwell Ossian Ossining . . . . ♦Oswego ..26. . .4. .14. .25. .55. .14. Oswego Center. 14. Otogo 33. Otisville . Otto Ouaquaga ♦Ovid Owasco . . ♦Owego . . Oxbow 4. Oxford 31. Oyster Bay 60. P Pagebrook ... .31. Painted Post. . .41. Palatine Bridge.33. .39. .45. ,.28. ..13. .44. Palermo Palisades . . . . Palmyra Pamella Four Corners . . . . Panama Paris Parish Parlshville . . . Parkston Patchogue . . . Pattens Mills. .14. .54. .12. ..4. .38. .17. .14. . .1. .49. .61. . . 350 . . . 302 . . . 350 , . . 730 , . . 4.50 ,.3,001 . . . 390 , . . 360 . . . 360 . . . 62(T . . . 226 , .. 301 . . . 491 . . . 505 . . . 390 . . . 598 . . . 865 ..1,311 . . . 293 . . . 260 ..2,096 . . . 460 . . . 226 . . . 363 . . . 399 . .5,421 .11,955 ..1.130 . .7,432 ..1.993 . .1,043 ..4,619 ..1,236 . . . 369 . . . 563 . . . 330 ..1.876 .15,998 . . . 250 . . . 390 . . . 465 . .. 201 . . . 2.50 .14,743 .. 290 . . . 206 ..3,317 . . . 399 . . . 406 ..9,491 . . . 250 . . . 590 , . . 609 , . . 490 . . . 306 ..1,258 . . . 390 , . . 869 , . . SOS ..1,200 , . . 833 , . . 220 , .2,433 , . 1,039 . . . 780 ,11,480 ,23,368 . . 250 , . . 676 , . . 250 , . . 490 , .. 260 , . . .584 , . . 260 , .4,633 . . 250 .1.654 .3,693 .. 250 .1,234 . . 393 .1.301 . . 363 .2,268 . . 203 . . 337 . . 226 . . 490 '. '. 250 .3.834 . . 350 143 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Pine Pine Pine Pine Patterson .... Pavilion Pawling Peakville . . . . , Pearl River. . . . Peconic Peekskill Pelham Pelhani Manor, Pembroke Pendleton Penflekl Pennellville . . . *Penn Yan Perkinsville . . . Perry Perrysburg . . . . Perrys Mills. . . Perryville Perth Peru Peruville Peterboro Petersburg . . . . Pharsalia Phelps Philadelphia . . Philmont Phoenica Phoenix Piercefleld . . . . Piermont Pierrepont . . . . Pierrepont Manor Piffard Pife Bush Citv Hill Plains. . . . Pine Valley. . . . Pittsford Plainville Plattekill *Plattsburg . . . Pleasant Plains. Pleasant Valley. Pleasantville . . Plessis Poestenkill . . . . Point Chau- tauqua Poland Pompey Pompey Center. Ponds Poolville Portage Port Byron . . . Port Chester. . . Port Crane . . . . Port Dickinson. Porter Corners. Port Ewen . . . . Port Gibson . . . Port Henry . . . . Port Jefferson Station Port Jervis Portland Port Leyden . . Portville Port Wash- ington Potsdam Pottersville . . . . *Poughkeepsie.. Prattsburg Prattsville Preble . . . Presho . . . Preston . . Preston Hollow. Princetown . . . . Prospect Protection . . . . *Pulaski Pulteney Pultneyville . . , Purdy's Station Putnam Pyrites . . . 860 . . . 430 . . . 848 . . . 20(i . . 1,560 . . . 606 .15,245 . . . 681 . . . 852 . . . 350 . . . 250 . . . 760 ... 250 ..4,59T . . . 460 . .4,388 . . . 360 . . . 280 . . . 220 ...676 . .2,354 . . . 250 . . . 330 . . . 460 . . . 972 . . 1.354 . . . 842 ..1,813 . . . 316 ..1,643 . . . 750 . .1,380 . .1,953 . . . 252 . . . 250 . . . 422 . . . 560 . . . 260 . . . 417 . .1,500 . . . 208 ..1,205 . . . 250 . . . 260 .11,138 . . . 489 . . . 427 ..2,207 . . . 240 . . . 360 . . . 262 . . . 333 . .3,381 . . . 250 . . . 860 . . . 250 . . . 450 . .1,085 .12,809 . ^. 530 . . . 437 . . . 210 . .1,211 . . . 460 ..2,366 ..2,156 ..9,564 . . . 506 . . . 764 . . . 758 . .3,066 . .4,036 . . . 330 .27,936 . . . 684 . . . 384 . . . 847 . . . 302 . . . 260 . . . 250 . . . 653 . . . 378 . . . 260 ..1,788 . .1.384 . . . 250 . . 230 . . . 505 . . . 260 Quaker Bridge. 39, Quaker Street. .35, Quarayville . . .50, Queens 59 Queensbury . . . .19. Quogue 61 ... 220 ... 420 ... 350 284,041 .16,781 ... 260 Towns Loca. Pop. R Ramapo 54. . . . 566 Randallsville . .16. . . . 250 Randolph 39... 1,298 Ransomville . . . .9. . . . 523 Rathbone 41 973 Ravena 36. . .1,260 Raymondville . . .1. . . . 726 Readburn 46 230 Reading Center.43 ... 1,413 Red Creek 12 457 Redfleld 14 792 Red Hook 51 960 Red House 39 560 Redwood 4 560 Remsen 17. . . . 421 Rensselaer ... .37. .10,711 Rensselaer Falls.l. . . . 443 Rensselaerville .36... 1,628 Reserve 22 ... . 622 Result 47 239 Rexford 20 426 Reynoklsville . .42 290 Rhinebeck 51 ... 1,548 Rhinecliff 51. . . . 690 Richburg 40 451 Richfield 32 250 Richfield Spgs. .33 ... 1,503 Richford 44. . . . 350 Richland 14. . . . 468 ♦Richmond ... .57. .85,969 Richmond Hill .59. . .1,890 Richmondville. .34. . . . 599 Richville Station. 1. . . . 307 Ridgeway 10. . . . 390 Rifton 50. . . . 745 *Riverhead .. .61. . .2,080 ♦Rochester ....11.218,649 Rock City Falls.20 230 Rock Glen 24. . . . 260 Rockland 49 366 Rockland Lake. 54. . . . 550 Rock Rife 46. . . . 290 Rock .Stream ... 27 220 Rockville Center 60. . .3,667 Rockwood 18. . . . 326 Rocky Point. . .61. .. .260 Rodman 4. . . . 206 Rome 17. .20,497 Romulus 28. . . . 202 Ronkonkoma ..61.... 330 Roosevelt 60... 1,036 Roscoe 49. . .1,030 Rose 13 990 Roseboom 32. . . . 200 Rosendale 50... 1,125 Roseton 52. . .2,062 Roslyn 60. . .2,847 Rossie 1... 1,192 Rossi er 23 . . . . 250 Rotterdam ... .35. . .4.198 Rotterdam Jet . 35. . . . 360 Rouses Point. .. .3. ..1,638 Roxbury 46 499 Ruby .50 285 Ruralgrove . . . .33. . . . 225 Rush 11 299 Rushford 40. . . . 598 Rushville 27 463 Russell 1. . . . 399 Russia 3. . . . 251 Rye 55... 3,964 S Sacket Harbor. .4. ... 868 Sag Harbor. .. .61. . .3,418 St. Bonaventure.39. . . . 399 Saint Huberts. . .8. . .1,211 Saint James. . .61. ... 351 Saint Johns. . . .54. . . . 399 Saint JohnsvilleSS. . .2,536 Saint Regis Falls 2. . .1,324 Saint Remy. . . .50. . . . 251 Salamanca ... .39. . .5,792 Salem 25... 1,251 Salisbury 6 230 Salisbury Center6. . . . 298 Salisbury Mills.52 351 Salt Point 51 266 Sammonsville .18. . . . 301 Samsonville ...50.... 222 Sanborn 9. . . . 278 Sandlake 37 488 Sandusky 39 301 Sandy Creek... 14 617 Sangerfield . ..17 226 Sanitaria Springs 45. . . . 200 Santa Clara. . . .2. . . . 299 Loca. Pop. Saranac ..3. ..4,983 Saranac Lake 2. ..3,834 Saratoga Springs .... .20. .12,693 Sardinia .32. . . . 499 Saugerties . . . .50. ..3,929 Sauquoit .17. . . . 596 Savannah .... .12, ...521 Savona .41. . . . 587 Sayville .61. ..3,927 Scarsdale .... ..55. . . . 633 Schaghticoke .37. . . . 765 ♦Schenectady .35. .72,826 Schenevus . 32 . . . . 576 Schodack i^anding . . . .37. . . . 399 ♦Schoharie .34. . . . 996 Schroon Lake . .8. ..1,214 Schuyler Falls . .3. . . 1,642 Schuyler j^ake .32. . . . 351 Schuylerville . .30. ..1,614 Scio .40. ...811 Scipioville ... .13. . . . 200 Scotia . 35 . ..3,957 Scott .30. . . . 708 Scottsburg . . . .25. . . . 299 ScottsviUe . . . .11. . . . 784 Scriba .14. ..2.241 Scriba .14. . . . 200 Sea Breeze. . . .11. ..1,998 Sea Cliff .60. . . 1,694 Seaford .60. ...716 Seaverton . .1. . . . 290 Selkirk .36. . . . 263 Sempronius . . .13. . . . 594 Seneca Castle. . 26 . . . . 399 Seneca Falls. . .38. ..6,588 Sennett .13. . .1,859 Setauket .... .61. . . . 599 Shandaken . . .50. . . . 241 Sharon .34. . .1,993 Sharon Springs 34. . . . 459 Shelby .10. . . . 299 Sheldrake ... .38. . . . 200 Shelter Island .61. . . . 401 Shelter Island Heights . . . .61. ..1,199 Sherburne . . . .31. . . . 961 Sheridan .38. . . . 251 Sherman .38. . . . 836 Sherman Park ..55. . . . 450 Sherrill .17. . . . 301 Shokan ..50, . . . 401 Shortsville . .. .26. ..1,112 Short Tract. . .40. . . . 510 Shrub Oak... . 55 . . . . 325 Shushan .21 , . . . 501 Sidney .46. ..2,507 Sidney Center. .46. . . . 462 Silver Creek.. .38. ..2,512 Silver Springs. .24. . . . 974 Sinclairville .. .38. . . . 542 Skaneateles . . .15. ..1,615 Skaneateles Falls .15. . . . 501 Slaterville Springs .... .29. . . . 401 Slingerlands . .36. . . . 501 Sloan .22. . .1,359 Sloansville . . . .34. . . . 201 Sloatsburg . . . ..54. ..1,125 Smithboro . . . .44. . . . 251 Smiths Basin. .21. ...251 Smithtown . . . .61. . . . 301 Smithtown Branch .... .61. .. 528 Smithville . .4. . . . 201 Smithville Flat s31. ..1,318 Smithville South .60. .. 601 Smyrna .31. .. 257 Sodom .19. . . . 201 Sodus .12. .1,201 Sodus Center. . .13. . . . 351 Sodus Point. . . .12. . . . 701 Solon . 30 . . . . 541 Solvay .15. . .5,189 Somerset ..9. . . . 301 Sonyea .25. . . . 301 Southampton . .61. . .2.509 South Amsterdam . 33 . .31,367 South Argvle. . .21. . . . 281 South Berlin.. .37. .. 210 South Bethlehem . .36 501 South Bloomfield . .26. . . . 200 South Bristol. .26. . .1.104 South Butler.. .13. . . . 351 Tow II. -i Loca. Pop. South Byron. . .23. South Cambridge . .21. South Clyde.... 12. South Col ton. .. .1. South Corinth. .20. South Dayton. .39. South Edmeston ...32. South Fallsburg . . .49. South Glen Falls 20. South Harthford ...21. South Horjcon.l9. South Jamesport . ..61. South Lansing. 29. South Millbrook ...51. South New- Berlin 31. South Nyack...54. Southold 61. South Onondaga . . .15. South Otselic. ..31. Southport 43. South Wales... 22. Southwest Oswego 14. Spafford 15. Sparkill 54. Sparrow Bush. 52. Spencer 44. Spencerport . ..11. Spencertown . .48. Split Rock 15. Spragueville . .. . 1. Sprakers 33. Spring Brook. .22. Springfield Center 32. Spring Glen. . ..50. Springs 61. Spring Valley.. 54. Springville 22. Springwater ...25. Staatsburg . . . .51. Stamford 46. Stanfordville ..51. Stanley 26. Starkey 27. Starlake 1. Steamburg ... .39. Steele 28. Stephentown . .37. Stephentown Center 37. Sterling 13. Sterling Station 13. Stillwater 20. Stittville 17. Stockbridge . . .16. Stockport 48. Stockton 38. Stone Ridge. . .50. Stony Brook. . .61. Stony Creek... 19. Stony Point... .54. Stottville 48. Stratford 18. Streetroad 8. Strykersville ...24. Stuyvesant ....48. Stuvvesant Falls 48. Suffern 54. Summer Hill.. .13. Summit 34. Summitville ...49. Swormville . . .22. Syosset 60. ♦Syracuse 15. T Taberg 17. Taborton 37. Tallman 54. Tannersville . .47. Tappan 54. Tarrvtown . . . .55. Taylor 30. Taylor Valley. .30. Theresa 4. Thiells 54. Thompsnnville .49. Thousand Island Park 4. Throopsville . ..13. . . . 251 . . . 201 . . . 269 . . . 251 . . . 201 . . . 601 . . . 201 . . . 401 . .2,247 . . . 318 ..1,582 . . . 301 . . . 501 ... 401 . .2,068 . .1,501 ... 251 ... 301 . . . 251 ... 301 ... 326 ..1,131 ... 951 ... 401 ... 569 ..1,001 ... 315 ... 301 ... 201 ... 319 ... 201 .. . 275 ... 209 ... 339 . .2,353 ..2,246 ... 601 . . . 399 ...973 ... 399 ... 451 ..1,662 .. . 201 ...251 ... 351 ... 251 ... 200 . . . 351 . .2,221 . .1,004 . . . 351 ... 301 ... 701 ... 601 ...225 ... 844 . . . 910 ... 951 .. . 721 . . . 652 ... 201 .. . 528 . . . 401 . . . 925 . .2,663 . . . 669 . .1,146 . . . 233 . . . 301 . . . 401 132,248 331 200 206 660 301 .5,601 759 806 933 301 201 . 401 984 144 New York Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Locn. Pop. Thurman 19. Ticondeioga ....8. Tilly Foster. . ..53. Tioga Center... 44. Tivoli 51. Toddsville 32. Tompkins Cove 54. Tonawanda . . .32 . Town Line 22. Treadwell 46. Trenton 17. Trenton Falls. .17. Trides Hill 33. Troupsburg ...41. Trout Brook... 46. Trout River. . . .3. ♦Troy 37. Trudeau 8. Trumansburg .29. Truthville . . . .21. Truxton 30. Tuckahoe 55. Tully 15. Tunesassa ... .39. Tupper Lake.. ..2. Tupper Lake . Junction 2. Turin 5. Turnwood 50. Tuscarora 45. Tuxedo Park... 52. Tyre 28. Tyrone 42. U Unadilla 32. Unadilla Forks 32. Union 45. Union Center. .45. Union Grove... 46. Union Springs. .13. Unionvllle ... .52. Upper Jay 8. Upper Nyack. ..54. Urbana 41. ♦Utica 17. Valatie 48. Valhalla 55. Valley Cottage. 54. Valley Falls. . .37. Valley Stream. 60. Valois 42. Van Etten 43. Vanhornesville . .6. Varna 39. Varysburg ... .34. . . 833 .2,475 . . 390 . . 299 .1,034 .. 301 .1,201 .8,291 .. 351 .. 275 .. 317 . . 289 . . 368 .' .' 201 . . 214 76,831 .. 225 .1,188 .. 201 .1,186 !T'551 . . 201 .3,057 .. 299 . . 349 . . 301 . . 201 .2,001 . . 808 .1,411 .1,175 . 1,009 .1,544 . . 201 . . 201 . . 798 . . 351 . . 501 . . 591 .3.517 74,419 .1,219 . . 690 . . 280 . . 835 .3,709 . . 360 . . 476 , . 350 . . 306 . . 462 Towns. Loca. Pup. Vermilion .... 14. Vernon 17 . Vernon Center. 17. Verona 17. . Verplanck ....55.. Versailles 39. , Vesper 15. . Vestal 45. , Vestal Center. .45. . Veteran 50. , Victor 26. Victory 13. , Victory Mills. ..20. , Virgil 30.. Voorheesville ..36.. W "Waddington . . Wading River. Walden Wales Center. Wallace Wallkill Walton Walworth *VVampsvilIe . Wantagh . . . . Wappingers Falls Warner Warnerville . . Warrensburg . * Warsaw . . . . Warwick . . . . Washington Hollow . . . . Washington Mills Washington- ville Wassaic Waterford . . . ♦Waterloo . . . . Water Mill. . . Waterport . . . *Watertown . . Waterville . . . Watervliet . . . *Watkins .... Watts Flats.. Waverly Wawarsing . . . Wayland Webb Mills. . . Webster Weedsport . . . Wegatchie . . . Wells Wells Bridge. . . . 230 . . 451 . . 210 . 301 . 999 . . 290 . 216 ,2,076 . 301 . . 401 . . 881 ,1,316 . . 748 . 201 , . 533 .41. .50. .46. .12. .16. .60. .51. .15. 34. . .19. 24 . . .. 731 . . 397 .4,004 . . 290 . .234 . . 790 .3,102 . . 451 ..212 . . 710 .3,195 . . 590 .. 363 .2,109 .3,206 .2,218 .17. 251 301 i2 301 il 251 :0. . .3,345 18. .13,931 11 301 331 4.. 26,730 17. . .1,410 15,074 .2,817 . . 400 .4,855 . . 202 .1,392 . . 206 .1,032 .1,344 . . 210 . . 925 . . 260 Townn Loca. Pop. Wellsburg 43. Wellsville 40. AVest 39. West Bethany. 23. West Bloomfleld . .26. Westburg 13. Westburg 60. West Camp. . . .50. West Carthage. .4. West Chazy 3. West Coxsackie47. Westdale 17. West Danby . . ..29. West Eaton. . ..16. West Edmeston32. Westernville . .17 . West Falls.... 33. Westfield 38. West Fort Ann 21. West Fulton... 34. West Gal way . . 17. West Granville. 31. West Hampton. 61. West Hampton Beach 61. . West Haverstraw .54. , West Hebron. .21. West Hurley... 50. West Kill 47.. West Levden. . .5. , West Milton. . .20. , West Monroe.. 14. Westmoreland .17. West Nyack. . .54. , Weston 42. , West Oneonta..33. Westons Mills.. 39. , West Point.... 52. Westport 8. , West Rush.... 11.. West Salamanca . .39. , West Sand Lake 37.. West Saugerties . .50. , West Sayville. .61. . West Stephentown .37. . West Stockholm. 1. . Westtown 52. . West Union. . ..41. . West Valley. . .39. . Westville 2. . West Walworth . . .12. . West Webster. .11 . . West Winfield..6.. . . 433 .4,383 . . 301 . .- 315 . . 301 . . 35 1 . . 387 .1,393 . . 351 . . 501 . . 311 . . 312 . . 511 . '. 311 . . 399 .2,985 . . 206 . . 211 . . 312 . . 311 . . 448 . . 251 .2,360 . . 211 . . 521 . . 220 . . 612 . . 311 . . 914 . . 331 . . 331 . . 311 . . 299 . . 511 .1,212 . . 693 . . 220 . . 532 . . 206 . . 921 . . 381 . . 211 . . 211 .1,112 . . 461 .1,146 . . 298 .311 . . 726 Towns Loca. Pop. Westhersfield Springs 24 206 Wevertown . . ..19. . . . 22.5 Wheeler 41... 1,1 14 Wheelers 14. . . . 311 Whippleville . . .2 306 Wh ite Creek ... 21 560 Whit. 'hall 21.. .4,917 White Lake... .49 798 White Lake Corners 17. . . . 251 ♦White Plains. 55. .15,949 AA'hiteport . . . .50. . . . 690 Whitesboro ... 17. . .2,375 White Sulphur Springs 49. . . . 251 Whitesville . . .40 398 Whitfield 50 214 Whitney Point .45. ... 744 Willard 28 300 Willet 30 685 Williamson ...12.... 651 Williamstown .14.... 954 Williamsville ..22... 1,105 W'illow 50 200 Willowemoc ...49.... 251 Willowvale . . ..17. . . . 490 Willsboro 8... 1,629 Willseyville . . .44. . . . 561 Wilmington ....8.... 575 Wilson 9 655 Windham 47. . . . 351 Windsor 45. . . . 637 Windsor Beach. 11 411 Winthrop 1 351 Wiscoy 40 265 Wolcott 12... 1,216 Wolcottsburg . .22. . . . 245 Wolcottsville ...9 811 Woodbourne ...49.... 351 Woodbury 60 366 Woodhull 41.... 316 Woodstock ....50 351 Worcester ... .32. . .1,211 Worth 4 728 Wrights Corners 9. Wurtsboro ... .49. Wyoming 24. Yaphank 61. Yonkers 55. York 25. Yorkshire 39. Yorkville 17. Youngstown ....9. Youngsville . . .49. Z Zurich 12. ...211 . . . 478 . . . 526 . .3,151 .79,803 . . . 512 . . . 390 . . . 691 . . . 5,55 . . 275 . . 200 NEW YORK STATE Having the Advantage of Age, Experience, Central Location, Ocean Sliipping, Port of Landing, and Superior Transportation Facilities. Examination of location, in a study of New York State, reveals why this is the foremost state in the Union in several respects. First, it is a large state, second it is an old state, third it has a healthy cliinate and fertile soil, and fourth, in means of transportation it is so accessible for immigration, and so favorably situated to reach all the best markets, with agricultural and manufactured pro- duction it is not surprising that there is a large population to the square mile. In fact, the surprise is that there is not a greater density of population. With every natural advan- tage, in productive soil, rivers, canals and railroads, with highly favorable climate, with a rapidly in- creasing population calling for every agricultural product which can be raised, it is clearly evident that land must become much more valuable than it now is in all portions of the state. ADV.\NT.\GE OF LARGE POPULATION. Density of population largely determines real estate values. A small store space on Broadway, New York, or on State Street, in Chicago, will bring a large annual rental because so many thousands of people go by that store every day. It is true that goods may not increase in price, but the great number called for with some profit on each article sold is what brings the ultimate large profit in the aggregate. Thus the vast Increase In population throughout New York State means a greater and greater demand for food and a consequent greater profit b"cause of the larger business. Onl.v about one-half of the State of New York is under cultivation at the present time. And this with eight millions of people. When three milions more are added to the population .and there is a third greater demand, the land to supply that demand for food must yet be a good deal more valuable. COMPETING WITH WESTERN L.INDS. It is true that the opening of new western lands will increase the volume of foodstuff, but it will always cost a certain percent of income to trans- port goods, and the nearer to market the products are produced, the greater the sating on transpor- tation, the greater the proHt on farm products, and the more valuable is nearby land. ADV.\NT.\GE OF BEING NE.4R MARKETS. With fertility of soil kept up, with all the up-to- date appliances in use for growing crops, it is not possible to conceive that far awa.v land can be worth as much as that which is nearer to market. The nearbv farmer is ahead of the western agricul- turist all "the time in cost of transportation, and therein largely lies his profit. 145 New York Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Before groingr West it is well for the land seeker' to come into communication with real estate market conditions near him. It may be well to buy a small place near a man- ufacturing city, go into intensive farming, culti- vate very thoroughly a small tract of land, raise what the people want, get it to market fresh and in the best possible condition. It seems folly for people to leave conditions- which are as good at home as abroad, to go far away into a new land among strangers, when it Is pos- sible to do as well or perhaps better in the imme- diate vicinity of where they have always lived. Another factor to Vje considered is the immense amount of manufacturing going forward in this state. If the family is large and the farm is small it is often of advantage to have opportunity for some members of the household to work in a nearby factory while others till the farm. What New York in manufacturing is, compared with the four greatest manufacturing states in the Union, is seen by the number of wage-earners which each state employs. Thus, Illinois had in a recent census, 370,436; Massachusetts, 488,3110 ; Pennsylvania, 763,382, while New York had 8.j6,- 947, or nearly 100,000 more wage-earners employed than Pennsylvania. ONE-HALF OF THE STATE YET CULTIVATED. New York's annual payroll to workmen in manu- factories was $430,014,851. But this is only the beginning. With the harnessing of waters in the one hundred and thirty rivers in the State, witn the development of electric power, as yet only eorameneing, we may imagine that New York, with only half its land surface under cultivation, will find room and opportunity for thousands of other land-seekers right here, within the boundaries of the State. In a journey throughout the State investigation shows that New York stands first in dairy prod- ucts and in number and value of nurseries. Bruoni corn has long oeen the staple of the Mohawk Val- ley, hops have been an iinportant crop in Oneida, Madison, Otsego and Schoharie Counties. Wayne County produces more dried fruit than any county in the State, and is also famous for its oil of pepper- mint. Grapes are successfully grown in the lake region of the central part of the State, in the Val- ley of the Hudson, below the Highlands, and in the north shore of Long Island. 3Iaple sugar is an Important product in north- ern and central New York; and fruits, including apples, peaches, pears and strawberries are largely grown in the western counties north of the water- shed; while peaches are an important crop in Ulster County. Large tracts of land in the vicinity of New York City, and particularly on Long Island, are devoted to market gardening and dairying, and the inhabitants supply milk, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, and small fruits to the markets of the metropolis. HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. BEAUTIFUL PICTURESQUE VIEWS. Another feature of New York which many people forget, and a multitude of people know nothing about, IS the scenic attractions of the State. As their beauties become known they are visited by thousands of tourists annually and great wealth is coming to the'State from that source. We could fiil a volume descriptive of New York pleasure resorts, but content ourselves with mention of only a few interesting points, thus: FIVE COUNTIES IN ADIRONDACKS. Adirondack Mountains, N. Y. Northeastern New York, comprising the Counties of Hamilton, Frank- lin, Essex and Clinton, is now known to sportsmen and pleasure-seekers as the Adirondacks. A chain of mountains extends through the counties named, from northeast to southwest, on an elevated plateau, or ridge, which is nearly 2,000 feet higher than the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. Five of these mountains are remarkable for their height. Mount Marcy, the tallest, rises 5,337 feet above the sea- level; Mounts St. Anthony and McMartin are each estimated to be 5,000 feet, and Mounts Emmons and Mclntyre, 4,000 feet above it. Owing to the irregu- larity of the mountain chain, and the consequent effect upon the country, the scenery is grand and romantic. The rivers Au Sable and Saranac, origi- nating in the recesses of the mountains, flow into Lake Champlain, on the east, while the Cedar and Boreas rivers, uniting with the headwaters of the Hudson, empty into that stream. There are numer- ous other rivers and creeks throughout the Adi- rondack region, with several ponds and lakes of va- ried magnitude, which add much to the grandeur and excellence of this famous resort. Game and fish are found within its borders. On the mountains abound groves and forests of ash, birch, beech, ma- ple, hemlock, spruce, cedar, tamarack, fir and white pine trees. Rapids and falls in the streams, which are principally navigable for light boats, add diver- sity to the rugged surroundings. Tourists are con- veyed by boats and footpaths to the numerous places of suinmer resort. Timber and iron ore form the principal staple productions of the Adirondack region, which is accessible by several railroad and water routes. LINE OF STEAMERS IN ADIRONDACKS. Blue Mountain Lake. In the Adirondack (N. Y. ) Region, at the base of Blue Mountain, rising to a height of 3,824 feet, lies this beautiful sheet of water, which forms one of the finest attractions of this great resort. A line of steamers makes daily trips through this and the neighboring lakes, Raquette, Eagle and Utowana, a distance of twenty miles, and even twenty miles further, passing through Forked Lake and Long Lake to Saranac. Blue Mountain Lake is 3% miles long and 2 miles wide; Eagle Lake, 2 miles long and % mile wide; Utowana Lake, 3 miles long and 1 mile wide. DESCRIPTION OF NIAGARA FALLS. Niagara Falls, N. Y. By act of Congress, in 1S85, this great cataract became a national public park. The river is 33 miles long. Lake Erie is 334 feet higher than Lake Ontario, into which the river empties. Within a mile above the falls the descent is 52 feet. The total width of the river at Goat Island is 4,750 feet. The height of the water- fall on the American side is 164 feet, and on the Canadian side about 150 feet. The new Niagara Suspension Bridge is 1,300 feet long, and 190 feet above the river. Its towers are each 100 feet high. The stairway beside the inclined railway has 290 steps. Goat Island was so named from goats placed there about the year 1790 by Mr. John Stedinan, who left them so uncared for during one winter that they died of exposure. There are seventeen islands in the river, near each other, above the Falls, all owned by the estate of Peter B. Porter, to whom the property was ceded by the State of New York in 181S. The height of the river bank at the Biddle Staircase is 185 feet. The old Suspension Bridge, 2 miles below the Falls, has a floor for the railway CO feet wide, and the track is 258 feet above the river. The length of the bridge from the center of the towers at each end is 822 feet. The height of the towers on the Ameri- can side is 88 feet, and on the Canadian side, 78 feet. The width of the river at the whirlpool is 300 feet, and its estimated depth is 250 feet. PLACID WATERS WITH 1,692 ISLANDS. Alexandria Bay, N. Y'. At the approach of the St. Lawrence River, a short distance east of Kings- ton, Can., the tourist enters Alexandria Bay, quite as frequently designated "The Lake of the Thou- sand Isles," and which extends down the St. Law- rence forty miles, with a breadth of five miles. The scenery on this lake is among the finest on the continent. Scattered here and there, everywhere throughout the placid waters, lie 1,692 islands, of every conceivable size and shape; some being mere rocky projections above the surface; others, nearly as small, covered with verdure, while others, of larger size, are luxuriant in shade trees and grassy plats, and often lying in most attractive clusters. One is 12 miles in length and 2 miles wide. The Ijeautiful color of the lea^'es and grass is attributed to the bountiful supply of water surrounding the islands. Lighthouses, indicating the frequent changes in the channel of the stream, add greatly to the picturesque diversity of the scenery; and on other islands have been erected elegant residences, with ornaiuental grounds. Hotels abound at several points, and boating, fishing and hunting offer variety and pleasure to the seeker of rest and recreation. RUGGED AND ROMANTIC DEEP GORGE. Watkins Glen, N. Y. Eighty rods from Watkins Station, near the head of Seneca Lake, a vast gorge 146 New York Picturesque and Interesting Places to Visit in a tall, rocky" bluff, 500 feet high, through which flows a noisy mountain stream, forms the glen, extending a di^ance of about 3 miles. The scenery is rugged and romantic in the deep gorge, with cascades and towering rocks, a dark pool, narrow footpaths, hemlock trees, difficult stairways and a balcony overhanging the gorge; solitude and gran- deur distinguish the place, and the admirer of na- ture may here view it in its wildest phases. Promi- nent objects are the Mountain House, a chalet cot- tage, an iron suspension bridge across the gorge, an art gallery, Glen Cathedral (amphitheater 1,000 feet long). Rainbow Falls, Pluto Falls, Omega Falls. etc. Other glens in the vicinity present additional charms for the tourist. CHASM NEAKLY TWO BIILES LONG. Au Sable Chasm. Among the many remarkable features of the Adirondack region in New York, as described above, is a natural chasm in the Pots- dain sandstone, through which the Au Sable river flows from the northern termination of the Adiron- dack Mountains toward Lake Champlain. This channel is in some places nearly two hundred feet deep, and overshadowed by cedar trees and tall precipices of varied shapes. At one point the chan- nel is only ten feet in width, while at another it expands to fifty feet. The chasm is nearly two miles long, and the dark and raging waters dash madly down shallow rapids, cascades and falls, leaping in one place a distance of twenty feet, and at another, sixty feet — the whole forming a scene that rivals the famous cataracts of mountain streams in Switzerland. The surroundings are as remarkable as the chasm itself, embracing views of mountain ranges and peaks, and Lake Champlain. The pleasure-seeker in this locality may enjoy fine drives and rambles, fresh air and good fishing stations. SO>IE OF THE FINEST SCENERY IN A3IERICA. West Point, N. Y. The early history of the Union is intimately connected with this beautiful place on the west bank of the Hudson River, 02 miles north of New York City. In the Revolution- ary War, the neighborhood bristled with forts built by Colonial troops. Above the river at an altitude of 600 feet may still be seen the ruins of Fort Putnam, and from that deserted fortress the tourist may view some of the finest scenery in America. The Government Military Academy and grounds, where so many great warriors have been educated, are finely located and ably maintained. Kosciusko's Monument is a prominent feature at this delightful resort. LARGE AND SMALL LAKES LN NEW YORK STATE. Miles long. Miles wide. LAKES IN NEW YORK. Amber Lake, Hamilton Co Ballston Lake, Saratoga Co ^ 3 1 Beaver River Lake, Lewis Co 2 1 Black Lake, St. Lawrence Co 20 2 Blodgetfs Pond, Wyoming Co %,.,.... % Blue Mountain Lake, Hamilton Co SV2 2 Brant Lake, Warren Co . . , 5 % Buonaparte Lake, Lewis Co j . . o 3 Canandaigua Lake, Ontario Co 15...%toiy2 Cayuga Lake, Cayuga Co 28 .... 1 to 3 V2 Catamount Lake, St. Lawrence Co.... lYs 1 Catlin Lake, Essex Co. . ^ 3.' Vi Chautauqua Lake, Chauta iqua Co 18....1to3 Chasy Lake, Clinton Co 3 1 Vi Crooked Lake, Y'ates Co 18., 1 Va Cranberry Lake, St. Lawrence Co 9 3 Cross Lake, Onondaga Co 5 ^4 Eagle Lake, Hamilton Co 2 % Fern Lake, Clinton Co , 1 % Greenwood Lake, Orange Co 12 1 Harris Lake, Essex Co 2 % Horseshoe Pond,, St. Lawrence Co.,... 1% V2 Indian Pond, St.* Lawrence Co 1 '/•; Java Lake, Wyoming Co % % •Tourdan Lake. St. Lawrence Co 2 ,..1 Loet's Lake, Kalkaska Co 2 1 Lincoln Lake, Mason Co 4. ...... . Va Little Clam Lake, Wexford Co 3 1 Loon Lake, Iosco Co .• • • • 2 1 Loon Lake, Oakland Co V2 % Long Lake, Kalamazoo Co 2. , % Lower Saranac Lake, Franklin Co.... 6 2 LAKES IN NEW YORK. Miles Miles long. wide. Massewepie Lake, St. Lawrence Co. . . 2 i/> Minnewaska Lake, Ulster Co , . li 14 Mohonk Lake, Ulster Co \Z....'.'. % Mud Lake, St Lawrence Co 1 V2 ii Oneida Lake, Oneida Co , 20.' . .4 to 7 Onondaga Lake, Onondaga Co 7 % Oswegatchie Lake, Lewis Co 2% . % to 1 Otisco Lake, Onondaga Co...., 7.. ..T... % Otsego Lake, Otsego Co 71,^ 11^ Owasco Lake, Cayuga Co ,..11 11/2 Ov.'azena Lake, Madison Co 3 1 Rich Lake. Essex Co 1% ..... . 14 Round Lake, Saratoga Co 1 1 St. Regis Lake, Franklin Co 4 V2 Saratoga Lake, Saratoga Co 7 3 Schroon Lake, Essex Co , 10 IV2 Schuyler Lake. Otsego Co '^ l\i Seneca Lake, Seneca Co 3G 2 Silver Lake, Wyoming Co., 3 1 Silver Lake, Clinton Co 2 % Skaneateles Lake, Onondaga Co 15 1% Spitfire Lake, Franklin Co , " Ho 1 Vi Sylvia Lake. St. Lawrence Co 1 V2 % Taylor Pond, Clinton Co 1 V2 '/2 Topper's Lake, Hamilton Co 6. ...... .2 Trout Lake, Warren Co 2 % Trout Lake, St. Lawrence Co 2........ % Upper Chateaugay Lake. Clinton Co.. 3 1^2 Upper Saranac Lake, Franklin Co 7 1 Utawara Lakes, Hamilton Co , . 3 1 Y'ellow Lake, St. Lawrence Co 4 V2 HISTORY. CLI>L\TE AND HIGHEST ALTITUDE IN NEW YORK STATE. Altitude. Highest. Mount Marcy, in the Adiron- dack Mountains, Essex County, 379 feet. Climate. Length of season from blooming of ap- ple trees to first killing frost, 174 days; though on Long Island it is twelve and one-half days longer and in St. Lawrence County twenty-two days shorter. The average summer temperature at Albany is 70.43 degrees, at Buffalo 67.73, at New Y'ork 76.62. The average winter temperature at Albany is 25.26, at Buffalo 26.28, at New Y'ork 31.93. Average yearly temperature of State, 46.49. Average annual fall of rain and snow. State, 40.93 inches; at New Y'ork 43.24 inches. Warmest temperature at Albany, 100 above; coldest, 24 below; at New York, warmest, 100 degrees above; coldest, 6 degrees below. Dimensions. Extreme length from north to south. 310 miles; extreme breadth, from east to west, 320 miles. History. Was one of the thirteen original states. Admitted to X'nion in 1788. Northern part of State explored by Champlain, 1609. New Y'ork Bay and Hudson river up as far as Albany visited by Hud- son in 1609. A fort built by the Dutch on Manhat- tan Island in 1613. Manhattan Island was bought of the Indians by Peter Minuet, the first Dutch governor, for 60 guilders, about $24, named New- Amsterdam and settlement made thereon in 1G23. Suffered from Indian wars. 1G41. Captured by the English 1664, recaptured by the Dutch 1673. Charter granted by Charles II to Duke of York, covering Manhattan Island and other territory, aud name of New Amsterdam changed to New York. Robert Ful- ton's first steamboat voyage to Albany, 1807. In 1812 steam ferry to Long Island opened and was introduced in 1825. Erie Canal opened and first boat from Buffalo, 1825. Croton .\queduct com- pleted in 1842. First city railroad built in 1852 and Chrystal Palace opened in 1853. Tweed Ring bro- ken in 1871 and Brooklyn Bridge opened in I8.S3. Railroads, miles of, in State. 8,336.30. ATTRACTLVE LAKE AND RESORT. Saratog:a Springs, New York. Widely known as a fashionable health resort and occasional aquatic display on the lake. See oopulation 12,093. Located 32 miles northwest of Albany. Contains 28 springs, all powerfully charged with carbonic acid gas. Re- garded as valuable aids in curing cutaneous and liver diseases, dvspepsia and chronic affections of the bowels. Large quantities of the waters, es- pecially of the c^ongress. Empire and Hathorn Springs, are bottled and exported. Depth of High Rock Spring from top of the rock is 32 leet. 147 NORTH CAROLINA STATE AND THE 100 COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA With Their Boundaries ) m^p or g JNORTHCAFOIINA LOCATION AND 1910 TOl'l LATIOXS OF NORTH CAROLINA COUNTIES. Loca. County 1 Ashe. 2 Alleghany. 3 Surry. 4 Stokes. 5.. Rockingham. 6 Caswell. 7 Person . 8 Granville. 9 Vance. 10 Warren . 11 Halifax. 12.. Northampton. 13 Hertford. 14 Gates. 15... Perquimans. 16. . . Pasquotank. 17 Camden. 18 Currituck. 19 Watauga . 20 Wilkes. 21 Yadkin. 23 Forsvth. 23 Guilford. 24 Alamance. 25 Orange. 26 Durham. Pop. .19,074 . 7,745 .29,705 .20,151 . 36,442 .14,858 .17,356 .25,102 .19,425 .20,266 .37,646 .22,323 .15,436 .10,455 .11,054 .16,693 . 5,640 . 7,693 .13,556 .30.282 .15,428 .47,311 .60,497 .28,712 . 15,064 .35,266 Loci}. County 27 Franklin. 28 Nash. 29.. .. Edgecomh. 30 Marten. 31 Bertie. 32 Chowan. 33 Mitchell. 34 .^very . 35 Caldwell. 36 Alexander. 37 Iredell. 38 Davie. £9 Davidson. 40 Randolph. 41 Chatham. 42 Wake. 43 Johnson . 44 Wilson . 45 Greene. 46 Pitt. 47 Beaufort. 48. . . Washington. 4't Tyrell. 50 Dare. 51 Hyde. 52 Madison. Pop. .24,692 .33,727 .32,010 .17,707 .23,039 .11,303 ,17,245 .20,579 .11,593 .34,315 ,13,394 .29,404 .29,491 .22,635 .63,229 .41,401 .28,269 .13,083 .36,340 .30,877 .11,062 . 5,219 . 4.841 . 8,840 .20,132 Lorn. County 53 Yancey. 54 McDonald. 55 Burke. 56 Catawba. 57 Rowan. 58 Swain. 59 Haywood. 60.... Buncombe. 61 Graham . 6'! Cherokee. 63 Clay. 64 Macon . 65 Jackson. 66. . Transylvania. 67 ... . Henderson. 68 Polk. 69. . . . Rutherford. 70 Cleveland. 71 Lincoln. 72 Gaston. 73. . . Mcklenburg. 74 Babarrus. 75 Stanly. 76... Montgomery. 77 Moore. 78 Lee. Pop. .12,072 .13,588 .21,408 .27,918 .37,521 .10,403 .21,020 .49,798 . 4,749 .14,136 . 3,909 .12,198 .12,998 . 7,191 .16,262 . 7,640 .28,385 .29,494 .17,132 .37,063 .67,031 .26,240 .19.909 .14,967 .17,010 .11,376 Loca. County Pop. 79 Harnett. .22,174 80 Wayne. .35,698 81 Lenoir. .23,769 83 Craven. .25,594 83 Jones. . 8,721 84 Pimlico.. 9,966 85 Union. .33,277 86 Anson. .25,465 87 Richmond. .19,673 88 Hoke 89 . . . Cumberland . . 35,285 90 Sampson. .29,982 91 Duplin. .25,442 92 Onslow. .14,125 93 Carteret. .13,776 94 Scotland. .15,363 95 Robeson. .51,945 96 Bladen. .18,006 97 Pender. .15,471 98 Columbus. .28,020 99. New Hanover. .33,037 100. . . Brunswick. .14,433 Total 3,306,056 North Carolina Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Aberdeen . . . . Advance Ahoskie ♦Albemarle . . . Altamahaw . . Andrews Angler Ansonville . . . Apex *.\shboro *Asheville . . . . .77.. .38. . .13.. .75.. .34.. . 63 . . 79. . .86. . .43. . .40.. .60. . Pnp. .. 794 . . 383 . . 934 .3,166 . . 366 . . 936 . . 48(i . . 681 .1.865 18.763 Towns Loca. Pop. Atlantic Aulander Aurora . . Avon Ayden . . Aydlett . *Bakersville Bath Bittlcboi'o . *Bavboro . . . . .93. .. .31. ...47. 50. .. .46. ...18. B .. .33. . . .47. . . .28. . . .84. 524 543 440 409 990 309 . 416 . 383 , . 311 . . 370 Townn Loca. Pop. ♦Beaufort 93. Bee Log 53. Bee Tree 60. Belhaven 47. . Belmont 72 . , Benson 43. . Bessemer City. 73.. Bethel 46.. Biscoe 76. . Black Creek... 44.. Black Moun- tain 60.. .3,483 . . 308 . . 206 . . 863 .1,176 . . 860 .1,529 . . 469 . . 265 . . 219 . . 311 Towns Loca. Pop. Bladenboro . . Bluemont . . . . Blowing Rock. Boardman . . . . Boonville . . . . Bostic * Brevard . . . . Bridgeton . . . . Bridgewater . . Brook ford . . . *Brvson Citv. . Buffalo Citv. . . .96. .60. .19. .98. .21. .69. .66. .82. .55. , .56.. .58.. .50.. 376 200 261 796 282 209 919 348 280 725 612 200 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same fis Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 148 d Towm Biues Creek. •Burgaw . . Burlington *Burnsville Buxton . . . Cameron . . Canton .... Capelsie . . . Caroleen . . *Carthage . Cary , Casar Castalia .... Catawba North Carolina Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations .79. ..97. . .24. ..53. . .50. 249 . . . 956 . .4.808 . . 422 .. 366 . .77 ..59 ..76 ..69. ..77. ..42. .70. . .28. .56 Cedarfalls 40. . Central Falls. . .40. . Cerro Gordo. .. .98. . Chadborun . . . .98 Chapel Hill 25, ♦Charlotte ... .73 Cherrj'field 66. Cherryville ... .72. China Grove... 57. Chinquapin . . .91 . Claremont ... .56. Clarkton 96. Clayton 43. Cleveland 57. Cleveland Mills.70 Cliffside .. 'Clinton . Clyde Colington 'Columbia Como . . . - *Concord .69. .90. .59. .50. .49. .13. 74. Connellys Spgs.'55 Conover . . . Contentnea Conway . . . Cooleemee Cordova . . . Cornelius . Cove City. . Cranberry . Creedmoor Creswell . . Cronly .... Cullasaja . Cumberland . . .„„ Cumnock 78 *Currituck ... .18 56. ..45. . .12. . .38. ..87. . .73. . .83. . .34. .. .8. . .48. ..98. ..64. 89. .. 259 .1,393 . . 490 .1,892 .. 863 .. 383 .. 392 .. 219 .. 222 . . 222 .. 590 .. 323 ..1,242 ..1,149 .34,014 . . . 208 . .1,153 . . . 852 . . . 295 • • • ?V. . . . 426 . . . 462 . .1,096 .1,101 . . 344 . . 269 .. 848 .. 390 .8,715 .. 566 .. 421 .. 246 . . 237 .2,060 . . 650 .. 833 .. 308 .. 496 .. 324 .. 329 . . 289 . . 250 . . 320 . . 230 . . 260 Fairmont . . . Faison Faith Fallston Farmville . . . *Fayetteville Flat Rock. . . . Forest City. . Fort Landing Four Oaks. . . *FrankIin ... Franklinton . Franklinville Fremont .... G . .95. ..91. ..57. . .70. . .46. ..89. ..67. . .69. . .49. . .43. . .64. ..27. . .40. . .80. Garner .... *Gastonla . *Gatesville Gibson .... Gibsonville Gilkey .... Glen Alpine Gold Hill . *Goldboro . Goldston . . *Graham _. Granite Fans. . .35 Granite Quarry. 5 7 ..14 ..94 . .23. ..69. ..55, . .57. . .80. 41. 24. 'Greensboro 'Greenville . Grifin Srifton Grimesland . Grover Guilford Col- lege , Gulf Gum Neck. .23, . .46. . .50. . .46. ..46. .70. .23. 41. 49. ... 730 . . . 519 . . 808 . . 290 . . 816 .7,045 . . 308 .1,592 . . 366 .. 329 . . . 379 ... 809 . . . 566 ... 951 ... 284 . .5,759 . . . 203 . . . 820 ..1,162 . . . 220 . . . 308 . . . 304 . .6,107 . . . 240 . .2,504 . . . 381 . . . 363 .15,895 ..4,101 , . . 200 ...291 . . . 330 . . . 209 . . 236 . . 200 .. 896 La Grange 81. Lake Comfort.. 51. Lake Landing. 51. Landis Lasker Lattimore . Laurel Hill •Laurinburg Lawndale . Leaksville . Leasburg . . Leechville . 'Lenoir „„ Lewara 87 Lewiston 31 'Lexington . . . .39 Liberty 4;) Lilosville .....' .«(; 'Lillington ... .7a Lilly 7 5" .13. .70. .94. .94. .70. ..5. . .6. .47. .35. H Dallas .... 'Danbury . Davidson . . Davis Day Brook. Denton . . . . , Denver Dillsboro 'Dobson Dover Draper Drexel Duke Dunn 'Durham . . . D .72 4 .. .73 ...93 . ..53 ...39 .. .71. ...65. 3. . . .82. 5. . . .55. . ..79. ..79. ...36. E Earleys East Durham. East Kings Mountain. . . East Lake . . . East Laurin- burg ^ East Lumber- ton East Monbo. . . East Spencer. . 'Edenton .... 'Elizabeth City Elkin " Elk Park Ellenboro .. Elm City Elmgrove .... Elon College.. Enfield Engelhard . . . . , Evergreen .13. .26 .73. .50. .94. .95. .37. .57. .32. .16. . .3. .34. .69. .44. .41. .34. ,11. 51. 98. Fair Bluff. Fairfield .. Fairmont . .98. . .51. .39. . .1,065 ... 490 . . 1,056 . . . 350 ... 309 . . . 320 . . . 282 ...277 . . . 360 . . . 737 ..1,000 . . . 300 . . . 500 . .1,823 .18,241 . . 360 .1,508 .. 383 .. 606 .. 577 .. 881 . . 250 .1,729 .2,789 .8,412 . . 886 . . 337 . . 393 . . 590 . . 260 . . 326 .1,167 . . 390 . . 248 . . 441 . . 660 . . 432 'Halifax 11 Hamilton 30. Hamlet 87. Harbinger ... .18.' Hardin Mills.. 72. Harkers Island. 93. Harlow 93. Harmony 37. Hatteras 50. Haw River 24. Hazel wood ... .59.' Helton 1. 'Henderson ... .9! * Henderson ville. 67. Henrietta ... 39 'Hertford 13. Hickory 56. Hiddenite 36 Highland Park. 73! Highlands . . Highlands . . Highpoint . . Highshoals . . 'Hillsboro . . . Hollysprings. Hookerton . . Hooverhill . . Hot Springs . Howard Hudson „„ Huntdale 33 Huntersville ..73 56. .64. .23. .72. .25. .42. .45. .40. .53. .19. 35. Icemorlee 'Jackson . . . . 'Jacksonville James City . , Jamesville . . Jarvisburg . . Jonesboro . . . Jonesville . . . Juniper .85. ..13. . .92. . .83. . .30. ..18. ..77. . .21. ..50. K Kannapolis . . Kelford 'Kenansville Keuly Kernersville . Kings Moun- tain 70 'Kinston 81 Kittrell 9 Kitty Hawk . . .18 Knotts Island. .18 .74. .31. .91. .43. .22. ...314 . . . 452 ..2,173 . . . 528 . . . 230 . . . 290 ...210 . . . 290 . . . 690 ..1,290 . . . 428 . . . 226 ..4,503 ..2,818 . . 1,856 ..1,841 ..3,716 , . . 250 .1,560 . . 487 . . 267 .9,535 .1,603 .. 857 .. 361 .. 304 . . 320 . . 443 '.'. 411 . . 280 .. 591 398 . . 527 . . 505 .1,337 . . 398 . . 490 . . 799 . . 380 . . 280 . . 566 .. 316 . . 370 . . 726 .1,128 .3,218 .6,995 . . 242 . . 350 . . 892 'Lmcolnton Linnville . . . Littleton . . . Long Island. Longview . . 'Louisburg . Lowel Lucama . . . . 'Lumberton Lynn McAdenville Madison Magnolia Maiden . Manly . . .71. . ..34. .. .11. , ..56. ..56. • •?'• '. .44! . .95. ..68. M .72. . . .5. , .91. ..56. ..77. .50. .54. .46. .52. .52. .85. .73. .95. .72. . .5. .83. .24. .41. 28. Manns Harbor. .50. 'Manteo .... 'Marion Marlborough. 'Marshall . . . Mars Hill Marshville . . Matthews . . . Maxton Mayesworth . Mayodan . Maysville . . . Mebane Merry Oaks.. Middlesex _„ Middle Swamp. 96 Milton 6 'Mocksville. . . .38 'Monroe 8.5 Mon Swamp. . . .49 'Montezuma. . .34 Mooresville . . .37 Morehead City. 93 'Morganton . - n.ni Mortimer. . Morven . . . Mountain Island . . Mt. Airy . . Gilead Hollv 73 Olive 80, Mt. Pleasant. . .74. Mt. Tabor 98. Moyock 18. .Murfreesboro ..13. 'Murphy 63. N 'Nashville . . . .28. 'Newburn 82. New London. . -".Hi. Newport 'Newton No. Charlotte. . No. Wilkesboro. Norwood 75. O Oak City 30. Ocracoke 51 . Old Fort 54. Oldtrap 17. Olin 37. Oriental 84. 'Oxford 8. Mt. Mt. Mt. .35. .86. ..3. .76. . .1,007 . . . 360 . . . 330 . . . 326 .1,203 . . 267 . . 350 .3,322 . . 350 .1,137 . . 390 . . 2.50 .3,364 .. 474 . . 262 .4,163 . . 474 . . 386 . . 380 . . 390 .2,413 . . 250 . 1,153 . . 300 . . 243 .1,775 . . 876 . . 266 .2,330 . . 290 .. 893 .1,033 . . 653 . . 664 . . 230 . . 360 . . 408 .1,519 . . 335 . . 803 .. 301 . . 449 . . 396 .1,331 . . 300 . . 874 . . 345 . . 693 . . 769 . . 467 . . 320 . . 419 1,062 .4,082 . . 203 . 354 .3,409 3,039 3.712 . 261 . 498 Peachland 86. . Pee Dee 86 ' Pembroke 9,5' Pikeville 80! Pilot Mountain. .3. I.ocit. Pop. Pine Level Pinetops . Pinetown . Pineview . Pineville 43. . .39. . .47. . .79. ..73. Pinnacle ...... .4 'Pittsboro 'I'lymouth 41. .48. Point Harbor.! 18 .86. .83. 23. Polkton PoUoksville Pomona ^„ Poplar Branch. is' Powells Point. .18 Princeton 43. Princeville . . . .39. Proctor 58! Pungo [47! 'Raeford . . . Raleigh (capital) . Ramseur . . . Randleman . Red Springs Reidsville . . Rodhiss .... Richfield . . . Richlands .. Rich Square Ridgeway 10 Roanoke Rapids Roberdell . . Robersonville 'Rockingham.. .„. Rocky Mount.. 39 Rocky Mount Mills Rocky Point. Roper Rosehill Rowland „„ 'Roxboro 7 Roxobel 31 Royal Cotton Mills 43 Ruffln 5 Rural Hall ... .33 Rutherford .. . .55 •Rutherfordton.69, .. 628 . . 258 .. 210 . . 652 . . 394 . . 311 . . 413 . . 362 . . 688 . . 402 . . 503 .2,16.j • • ~^2 227 '. '. 560 . . 200 . . 466 . . 354 . 627 . . 290 , . 309 . .88 580 .42. .40. .40. .95. . .5. .35. . 75 . .92. IS ..11. . .87. . .30. . .87. .28. .97. .48. .91. .95. .19,218 . .1,013 .1,950 ..1,089 . .4,828 . . . 370 ...210 . . . 445 . . . 367 . . . 250 .1,670 . . 422 . . 616 .2,155 . . 805 .. 480 . . 390 . . 813 . . 364 . . 787 .1,425 . . 491 .. 437 .. 350 . . 309 . . 308 .1,062 . . 346 .3,844 . . 723 . . 526 .1,071 . . 753 . . 418 . . 300 . . 809 . . 977 Saginaw .... Saint Helena. Saint Pauls.. Salena 'Salisbury Saluda .34. .97. .95. .32. .57. 68. Sandy Ridge. . . .4! .93. ..56. 73. 20. . . 750 .9,961 . . 313 .. 321 .2,316 .1.500 .1,902 .. 928 . . 251 . . 680 .. 778 . . 390 . . 209 . . 645 .3,018 . .77. Neck. 11. 51. 12. 43. 80. 70. 40. Pantego 47. Parke wood ....42. Parkton 95. Parmele 30. . . 324 . . 290 . . 219 . . 272 Sanford Scotland Scranton Seaboard . . . Selma Sevensprings •Shelby .... Shelnierdine . . . .„ Shore 21 Silver Citv 41 'Smithfield . . .43 'Snowhill 45 Sound 48 South Biltmore.60 South Creek... 47 Southern Pines.77 South Mills. . . .17 'Southport . . .100 Southside . . South Wades boro South Wash- ington .... Spencer Spray Spring Hope. Stanley .'-'tantonsburg Star •Statesville . Steeds Stoneville ... Stony Point .71. ..86. ..97. . .57. . . .5. ..28. ..72. ..44.. ..76. ..37. . .76. ' '36 . Stovall .8'. ... 300 ... 250 ... 419 . .5,533 ..7.153 . . . 235 . . . 250 ..2.282 ..1.726 . . . 200 . . . 280 ..1,331 . . . 208 ..3.127 . . . 400 . . . 308 . . . 895 ..1,347 . . . 450 . . . 300 . . . 238 . . 826 . . 542 . . 390 .1,484 . . 290 .. 203 .. 206 .1.915 . 6,066 .1.246 . . 321 . . 204 . . 23!) .4.599 . . 290 . . 404 . 330 . . 305 149 North Carolina Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Stubbs 70 Stumpypoint . .50 Sugar Grove Sunbury . . . Swansboro . Swepsonville Sylva Tamarack . *Tarboro ... *Taylorsville Thomasville Tillery *Trenton . . , Trinity .... •Troy Tryon Tuckertown Tyner .19. .14. .92. .24. .65. .19. .29. .36. .39. .11. .83. .40. .76. .32. . 306 . 206 . 260 . 208 . 390 . 441 . 698 . . 247 .4,129 . . 662 .3,877 . . 269 . . 331 . . 332 .1,0,55 . . 760 . . 260 . . 590 Loca. F(jp. Valdese . . . Valmead . . Vanceboro Vandemere Vaughan . . Voss W *Wadesboro . . Wakefield . . . . Wake Forest. . Walkertown Wallace Walnut Walnut Cove.. Wanchese . . . . *Warrenton . . Waxhaw ♦Washington . .55. .35. .82. .84. .10. ,.77. .86. .42. .42. .22. .91. .52. .4. .50. .10. .85. .47. 208 466 391 296 420 273 .2,376 . . 287 .1,443 . . 460 . . 444 . . 215 . . 480 . . 803 . . 807 . . 602 .6,211 Towns Loca. Pop. Watha 97. . Waxham 85. , *Waynesville ..59., Weaverville . *Webster . . . Weldon Wendell .... *Wentworth , West Durham. .60. .65. .11. .42. ..5. .26. West Hickory. .56. West Lumber- ton 95. Whitakers . . . .29. Whiteplains ....3. ♦Whiteville ...98. Whitney 75. Whittier 58. *Wilkesboro . .20. *Williamston ..30. •Wilmington . .99. . . 204 . . 602 .2,011 . . 442 .. 301 . 1,999 .. 759 252 ; 2,007 . . 846 . . 231 . . 755 . . 251 .1,368 .1,502 . . 216 . . 799 .1,574 25.748 Loca. Pop. * Wilson .44. . .6,717 * Windsor . . . . .31. . . . 684 Winfall .15. . . . 289 Wingate .85. . . . 353 •Winston- Salem .22. .17,167 Winterville . . .46. . . . 484 • Winton .13. . . . 624 Woodard .31. . . . 303 Woodland . . . . .12. . . . 321 Woodleigh . . . .18. . . . 303 Worthville . . . .40. . . . 393 Wysocking . . . .51. . . . 801 Y •Yadkinville . .21. . . . 432 •Yanceyville ..6. . . . 338 Youngsville .. .27. . . . 43; Z Zebulon .42. . . . 483 Zenhvr 3 . . . 303 NORTH CAROLINA A State in Which Was Made the First Settlement in the United States. A Region Where a Colony Was £stablished. Every Member of Which Disappeared and Was Never Heard of Afterwards. Ca X publication entitled "The Sketch Book of North irolina" is sent to us by the North Carolina Depart- ent of Agriculture and for the advantage of land seekers in "The Old North State" we quote freely from its pages. The first settlement in the New World was made in North Carolina. In 1584 Sir Walter Kaleigh sent out two boats to explore as much as possible of this continent and the first land sighted was on the coast of North Carolina, near Cape Fear. Aftw- beating along the coast about a week they ancliored in Ocracock In- let, near a beautiful island called by the Indians Wohokon. PRAYER AND THANKS. At midday on the 13th of July, 1.^84, after a prayer of thanks that the flag of England was about to iloat over broader realms, Captain Amadas took • possession of the land in these words: "We take possession of this island in the right of the Queen's most excellent majesty, as rightful Queen and Princess of the same, to be delivered over to the use of Sir Walter Raleigh, according to Her Majesty's grant and letters patent under Her Highness' great seal." The Indians gave tliem welcome and tried to make their stay comfortable. After acquiring as much information as possible the exptclition le- turn^d to Ergland, taking along as curiosities of the new land t'i,. 'Crosby 1 . Crystal 8. 206 376 D Davenport 41 . Dawson 38. Dazey 40. Denhoff 21. Deslacs 11 . ♦Devils Lake. . .15. ♦Dickinson ....32. Dogden 20. Donnybrook ...11. Doyon 15. Drake 12. Drayton 8. Dunseith 5. . . 226 . . 201 . . 265 . . 318 . . 251 .5,157 .3,679 . . 321 . . 297 . . 202 . . 348 . . 587 . . 776 Edgeley 44. Edinburg 16. Edmore 15. Egeland 6. •Ellendale ....47. Emeraldo 26. Enderlin 45. Ernest 8. . . 749 . . 301 . . 344 . . 266 .1,389 . . 225 .1,541 . . 353 Falrmount ....49. * Fargo 41 . •Fessenden ....22. Fingal 40. Finley 28. Flaxton 2. Forbes 47. Forest River... 16. *Forman 48. Fort Yates ... .36. FuUerton 47. Gackle . . . Galesburg- Gardner . . Garrison Genesee . . Gilby Gladstone Glasston , Glenburn . Glen Ullin. Goodrich . Graceville ♦Grand Forks .26. Grandin 41. .43. .29. .41. . 20 . .48. .26. .32. ,. .8. . .3. .36. , .21. . . 33 . , . . 387 ,14,331 ...713 . . . 351 ...516 . . . 301 ...221 . . 233 , . . 352 . . 351 . . . 206 . . . 301 . . . 225 . . . 203 . . . 406 . . . 201 . . . 301 . . . 202 . . . 401 . . . 268 . . . 921 . . . 411 ..2,229 .12.478 . . . 3021 Pol). Granville Gwinner Hamilton Hampden Hankinson Hannaford Hannah . . Hansboro . Harvey . . Hatton . . . Havana . . Hebron . . ♦Hillsboro Hope . . . . Hunter . . . H .12. .48. . 455 . 301 . . 213 . . 235 . 1,503 . . 341 . . 501 . . 302 .1,443 . . 666 . . 221 , . 597 . 1,239 . . 909 . . 365 ♦Jamestown Kathryn Kenmare Kensal . . Kief .... Kindred . Knox . . . Kulm . . . .39. ..4,358 .40. .11. .39. .12. .41. .14. .44. *Lakota .. *La Moure ♦Langdon Lankin Lansford . Larimore . Leeds .... Lidgerwood •Linton . •Lisbon . Litchville .25. .44. ..7. .16. . .4. .26. .14. .49. .42. .45. .40. M •McClusky McHenry . McVille . . Maddock . •Mandan . Manvel . . Mapleton Marmarth Martin . . . . . 251 .1,437 . . 456 . . 221 . . 302 . . 331 . . 645 . 1,023 . . 929 .1,214 . . 341 . . 456 .1,224 . . 682 .1,019 . . 614 .1,758 . . 484 . . 517 . . 398 . . 311 . . 374 .3,873 . . 201 . . 207 . . 791 . . 251 Toicu.'i Liioi. Poll. Max 20. Maxbass 4. Mayville 29. Medina 39. Mekinock 26. Michigan 25. Milnor 48. Milton 7. •Minnewaukan .14. •Minot 11. Minto 16. "Mohall 3. Monanso ... .47 . Munich 7. . . 2R5 . . 241 . 1,072 . . 342 . . 201 . . 449 . 641 .. 411 . 512 .6.188 . . 701 . . 493 . . 338 . . 225 N •Narjoleon 43. Neche 8. •New Rockford.23. New Salem . . .36. Nome 40. North II . North v/oort . . . .26. Oakes .... Oberon . . . G'.K'a ..... Omemee . Osnabrock O Page 41. Park River.... 16. •Pembina 8. Perth 6. Petersburg ....25. Pingree 39. Pisek 16. Plaza 10. Portal 2. Portland 29. B Ray 9. Reynolds 26. Richardton ....32. Rolette 5. •RoUa 5. •Rugby 13. Rutland 48. Ryder 11. S St. John 5. St. Thomas 8. . . 301 . . 528 . . 802 . . 621 . . 218 . . 432 . . IQ'Z .1,499 . . 302 20i . . 332 . . 253 . . 479 .1,011 . . 719 . . 221 . . 353 . . 251 . . 312 . . 224 . . 491 . . 561 . . 436 . . 412 . . 647 . . 408 .1,587 .1,631 . . 224 . . 338 424 513 'I'own.s Pol,. Sanliorn Sarles Sawyer Scranton .Sharon Sheldon , Sherwood Sheyenne . . . , Souris Spiritwood . . ♦Stanley .... Starkweather. •Steele .Strasburg . . . Sykeston .... Thompson Tioga Tolley Tolna Tower City . . . •Towner Turtle Lake . .40. . .7. , .11. .33. .28. .45. . .3., .23. ..4. .39. .10. ,15.. .38. .42. .22. .26. ..9. ..3. .25. .41. .12. .20. U Underwood ....20. Upham 12. •Valley City... 40. Velva 12. Verona 44. W •Wahpeton ...49. Walcott 49. Wales 7. Walhalla 8. Walum 27. Warwick 14. ♦Washburn ....20. Westhope 4. Wheatland ....41. White Earth. . .10. ♦Williston 9. Willow Citv 4. Wilton 20. Wimbledon . . . .40. Wishek 46. Wyndmere ... .49. York 44. . . 39 1 . 346 . .T27 . 214 . 304 . 358 . 328 . 451 , . 267 , . 207 , . 818 . 246 . . 501 . . 273 . . 276 . 351 . 203 , . 251 , . 209 , . 452 . 691 , . 201 422 296 .4,606 . . 837 . . 235 .2,467 . . 251 . . 225 . . 592 . . 201 . . 201 . . 657 . . 592 . . 501 . . 264 .3,124 . . 623 . . 437 . . 571 . . 432 . . 439 NORTH DAKOTA Faots About the Celebrated Red River of the North, Devil's Lake, the Many Mines of Lignite Coal and Other Features of Interest. Up in the northern part of the United States, directly south of the Canadian Dominion, and ex- tending from Minnesota on the East to Montana on the West, covering a distance of 360 miles, lies North Dakota, AN INLAND SE.4l. About midway in the State, from east to west, is a grassy upland which is supposed to have been the western shore line in some prehistoric time when the whole region hereabouts was covered with an inland sea, extending from Oklahoma up to Lake Winnipeg. In the very bottom of this im- mense lake was the Red River of the North and Lake Winnipeg. Through upheavals in the centuries of the past this lake was drained, leaving a few water basins remaining, like Devil's Lake in North Dakota and Lake Winnipeg in Canada, and a few streams flow- ing very slowly, among them being the Red River of the North and its tributaries. FERTILE SOIL OF THE RED RIVER REGION. Naturally with the draining of this great inland lake there was left in the bottom an exceedingly fertile soil which is a characteristic of the Eastern Dakota lands. The valley of the Red River of the North has a wide reputation because of its great crops of wheat. This valley, including the part located in Minne- sota, comprises a tract 250 miles long with a width of from 50 to 100 miles, and is alnaost a level plain, with a descent of from one to two feet to the mile, sloping to the north, in which direction the river runs. The first permanent white settlement in the ter- ritory occupied by the present State was made in 17,S0 near Pembina, which locality at the present time, is a short distance south of the Canadian line on the Red River. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF NORTH DAKOT.\. In 1810 Lord Selkirk built a fort near Pembina, supposing the region to be on British soil. The Pembina settlement grew in population and. iso- lated from all outside civilization, was an honest rural community with distinctive peculiarities in dress and manners. When St. Paul, Minnesota, was established in ],S41, and goods were brought up the Mississippi River for wholesale distribution to settlers In the northwest, it was one of the great curiosities to see the immense two-wheeled wooden ox-carts, which came down from Pembina with the Inhabitants of the region, who exchanged their furs and wheat for modern products to take back into the Pembina region. 153 Physical Advantages of North Dakota From N. Dak. Bulletin. The geographical location of North Dakota is favorable — to the north are the great Canadian Provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba — the north- ern state line of North Dakota forming part of the International Boundary I^ine between ourselves and our good friend and neighbor, Canada. Di- rectly south of North Dakota is her sister state — South Dakota — like most sisters their characters are entirel.v different. West — is Montana, the tirst of the Northwestern Rocky Mountain States. Minne- sota (Land of the sky-blue-water) lies due east. Surrounded by large prosperous commonwealths. North Dakota's condition and characteristics are not on all fours with her neighbors. North Dakota possesses many strong, well defined differences and advantages. NORTH DAKOTA'S SIZE. North Dakota is the fourteentli state in size, — the area in square miles is 70,79,j — including OUO square miles of water surface. In acres the land area amounts to 44,736,477 — if divided into farms of 160 acres tliis big: state would contain 379,602 farms. North Dakota is about 25 per cent larger than Illinois (56,650 square miles), — Iowa (56,025 square miles) — and nearly twice as large as In- diana (36,350 square miles). Michigan contains only 58,195 and Little Old New York, — once thought to be a huge commonwealth, — contains only 4i),170 square miles. Compare this to North Dakota's 70,795 square miles. North Dakota is rectangular In shape and is 360 miles wide (east and west), 210 miles long (north and south). These figures give some idea of the tremendous stretch of the wide prairies of this vigorous young state. THE GENEBAr PHYSICAL FEATURES OF NORTH DAKOTA. North Dakota has no mountains, few hills, no forests and little broken land. The larger part of the surface of this big State is either flat or slightly rolling prairie. Hundreds of little lakes dot the country east of the Missouri River. Devils Lake, near the city of that name, is a very large lake. Several other good sized lakes are near by. Turtle Mountains are the highest hills and are about 400 feet high. Other "Mountains" are as much as 800 feet high. There are four great divisions of land in North Dakota. First — the land east of the outer rim of the plateaus of the Missouri River. Second — the land south and west of the Missouri River's plateaus. Third — the rough butte broken portion south and west of the Missouri River. Fourth — the renowned and fertile Red River Valley. LOCATION OF THE FAMOUS RED RIVER VALLEY. Starting at the eastern edge of the State next to Minnesota, you find the Red River and the broad, flat Red River Valley — which has an altitude of approximately 1,000 feet and averages 50 miles in width. Soil authorities say the soil in the Red River Valley is unexcelled in fertility — in the world. The Red River flows northward and forms the North Dakota-Minnesota state line. THE ROLLING PRAIRIES WEST OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY, The valley of the Red River is separated from the rest of the State by a series of high ridges, named the Manitoba Escarpment. West of these ridges the prairie is slightly rolling and slowly rises (about two and one-half feet a mile) until the edge of the Plateaus of the Missouri River are reached. Here the land rises about 300 feet in 40 miles. Some of the land on this plateau is badly broken, but the greater part rises in long, rolling swells, studded with little hills, ridges and coulees. Much good bottom land is located on the flats of the Missouri, the Little Missouri and the Yellow- stone Rivers. On the east side of the Missouri River's plateaus and north of the Missouri River you find flat and slightly rolling prairies. WHY NORTH DAKOTA'S SOIL MAKES FARMERS RICH. That worn out phrase "rich black soil" no longer means anything. Pick up any newspaper or farm lournal and every farm offered for sale from Maine to California has a "rich black soil." What the man who makes his living direct from the land needs to know is whether it will produce paying crops and whether the climate above the land will allow him to live in health and comfort. Given these two vital conditions, he don't care a snap whether the color of the soil is gray, black or brown. What will it produce and why? — is what he wants to know. A short history of how Nature formed and favored North Dakota will quickly show why the land is fertile and pays good cash dividends. The color of the soil in this state hap- pens to be Mack — whether it is rich or not you can best judge by the evidence of actual farmers given herein. HOW MOUNTAINS OF ICE MADE THE LAND LEVEL. Nature once put North Dakota in cold storage. Then by using a huge ice plow and tremendous pressure" the high hills of old North Dakota were planed away. The broken valleys were filled up. The fiattened prairies of today are the result. Centuries ago, glaciers, miles high, and larger than those now in Glacier Park, Montana, or in Alaska, formed near the Arctic Circle. This was in the Ice Age. As it grew colder, more ice formed and hundreds of glaciers, forming a solid ice sheet started to move and grind their way to North Dakota. Near far off Labrador and the Arctic Circle were great ledges of limestone, cliffs of granite and large quartz deposits. These were picked up and dragged along. By the tiine this ice sheet reached North Dakota it was miles high. The pressure on the surface of the soil was hun- dreds of tons to the square yard. Soft rock, like limestone, was ground to powder by the pressure and the friction. The soil was harrowed and ground to powder and millions of tons of this pulverized limestone and other rock were mixed with it. WHERE THE ICE SHEET FORMED. The ice sheet reached a high ridge of land just this side (east) of the Missouri River. Before this ridge could be ground down — glaciers only move from a few inches to one or two feet a day — the Ice Age ended. It became warmer. The ice sheet melted. Large lakes were formed. Old river beds, like the Missouri's were overflooded. Grad- ually the lakes were drained by old and new rivers. Where these lakes had been the lake bottom was, of course, almost as flat as a floor. The valley of the Red River and the valley of the Mouse River are the two most striking examples, in North Dakota, of ancient lake bottoms. Elk River Valley in Traill, Steele and Grand Forks counties, the larger parts of Sargent and Dickey counties, are also old lake bottoms. Don't overlook the important fact that the Ice Sheet stopped in North Dakota because when the ice melted all the soil it was carrying was dropped. This is called by scientists, "glacial drift," and makes fertile soil. It is fertile because it has been ground as fine as wheat (sometimes as fine as flour) and well mixed with limestone and granite, etc. (limestone soils grow the most wheat), that is, it is not only mixed with mineral fertilizers, but is in good mechanical condition. Then the soil is deep. The Red River Valley was covered to an average depth of 300 feet. This left four different surfaces in the State: First. — level prairies, covered by the ice sheet, which became ancient lake bottoms when the ice melted. Second, — rolling prairies, dotted with numberless little lakes, and a few low, rounded hills. Third, — the plateau region west of the Missouri River, never covered by ice, owing its fertility to other sources, well drained by rivers, with no lakes and many moderately high, flat-topped hills. Fourth, — the wrongl.v named Bad Lands. As the Bad Lands are outside the Great Northern counties of North Dakota, space will not be taken to discuss them. There are no mountains in North Dakota. There are no forests. The high hills can be counted on your fingers. The greater part of North Dakota is flat or rolling prairie. The land is read.v for the plow. No stones hamper the farmer. No stumps cumber the ground. The soil is covered by a heavy growth of native grass on which that wild native beef, the buffalo — grew fat. 154 North Dakota Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises GREAT CHANGES AMONG THE PEOPLE. As the years have passed the Red River regions of the North have undergone great changes. Tlie Indians have sold their lands and gathered upon reservations; their children are educated in Indian seliools, and are up in the active walks of life among the whites. The old Pembina fort is no longer a necessity. The original Pembinians are largely scattered, and. excepting an occasional cart, which is preserved as a curiosity, very little re- mains of the original odditites of old Pembina. In the meantime, white settlers have taken up the lands in the Red River Valley, the first great larms being divided into smaller tracts, all of the new settlers being highly prosperous. The State as a whole is an Immense stretch of level and rolling prairie land and river valleys, with numerous small lakes. Even the Red River Valley is not yet thickly settled and land throughout the State can be had from $5 to $30 per acre. By application to the Secretary of State of North Dakota the remainder of the government land which is yet left in the State can be known. That wiiich now remains unappropriated is agricultural and grazing land. THICKNESS OF SOIL. The soil of Central Dakota is a black loam, vary- ing from two to three feet in thickness; it has a clay subsoil which retains the moisture of the win- ter and early spring in reserve for summer use, and its fertility throughout the entire State is remark- able. The Red River Valley has ample rainfall which gradually decreases toward the west, until tlie elevations in the middle of the State are reached, beyond which irrigation is required. From the Turtle and Pembina Mountains along the Ca- nadian boundary line towards the south, the descent is gradual to Dev'ils Lake, in Rarnsey County. THE CELEBRATED DEVILS LAKE. This lake, a picturesque sheet of water with no visible means of outlet, lias an elevation of 1,434 feet above sea level. Its length is nearly 50 miles, and its greatest width is from 12 to 15 miles. On its north sliore is located the Dakota Chautauqua assembly grounds and on the south side of the lake is an Indian industrial school. While North Dakota is essentially a prairie State, the native timber covers some 460,000 acres dis- tributed mostly along the Red River of the North and on the border of various lakes. The govern- ment in various ways is rewarding settlers for the planting of trees, and thus large areas have been planted with rapidly growing trees, the effect of which will be to attract rainfall in the western part of the state and break the blizzard winds which are liable to prevail in the winter months. As a whole, the climate of this State Is remark- ably healthy. The atmosphere is dry and stimu- lating. The sunsliine is brilliant and the skies are generaly clear. The winters are sometimes severe, but as forests are planted and winter protection provided com- plaints of blizzards become less. The summers and autumns are peculiarly delightful. LARGE YIELDS OF SUPERIOR WHEAT. As may be expected, with a highly fertile soil in a prairie country, the crop yield is immense. The State is noted for its large .yield of A No. 1 wheat, while in other cereals, flax and all root crops, espe- cially potatoes, the yield is abundant. Next to agriculture the raising of live stock is attaining great importance and the breeding of tine grades of horses and cattle is occupying a great deal of attention. The estimated area of grazing lands is 40,000,000 acres. Naturall.v, closely allied to stock raising is the dairy business and this is coming considerably fast, as shown in the statistical returns relating to creameries and their products of butter and cheese. THE STATE WELL WATERED BY RIVERS. The State is quite well watered by rivers. The Missouri River enters in the nortliwest part at Fort Buford. runs southeastward and leaves the State in Emmons County, having traversed the region for 300 miles and been fed by numerous rivers in the .state, among them being the Little Missouri, Knife, Heart and Cannon Ball Rivers. The entire country next the Missouri River is underlaid with lignite coal. In fact, a large share of the entire area of the State shows the out- cropping of lignite, which is excellent for heating and gas making. Many farmers have this coal on their farms and some fifty coal mines are opened in the State for commercial purposes. GREAT ABUNDANCE OF LIGNITE COAL. So abundant is this fuel as to cause the United States Government to investigate and consider the use of lignite in the steady production of power fo.- pumping and irrigating the arid lands in the western part of the State. A singular feature of Southwestern North Dakota are the so-called "Bad Lands," a region of the country following the Little Missouri River, cov- ering an area of about one hundred miles in length by twenty-five in width. This land, once a level plain, has been cut by the branches of the Little Missouri, and the action of fire from burning lignite coal seams, forming a labyrinth of gullies, buttes and figures of all sorts in which a person travel- ing among them may easily get lost. RAILROAD FACILITIES. Two great trunk lines of railway cross the State from east to west, the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific. East of Medora, where the North- ern Pacific crosses the Missouri River, the buttes are of blood red color. In places the petrified stumps and trunks of trees are brought to the sur- face and at a number of places coal veins are still burning beneath the surface of the ground, sending forth smoke through the fissures in the earth. Tliis is especially a grazing region. The whole country is covered with grass and is regarded as one of the best cattle districts in the West. A special merit of the "Bad Lands." according to one writer in describing the country, is that stock can be shel- tered in the ravines during the winter. For a highly fertile soil, abundant crops, rapidly bringing wealth to farmers, the land-seeker should not forget to carefully investigate the opportunities which offer in North Dakota. CONDENSED EMPORT.^NT FACTS REL.4TING TO NORTH D.\KOTA. Altitude. Highest in the State at Summit, Billings County, near the Montana border. Climate. Generally healthy, clear skies, brilliant sunshine; winters cold but dry. Summer days, though warm, are followed by cold nights. The snowfall is comparatively light and the only dis- agreeable winds (blizzards) are those from the Northwest. Average annual temperature, at Bis- marck, is 30.4 degrees above. The extremes are 106, highest, and 44 below zero, the lowest. Aver- age January temperature, 4 above. July, 67. Aver- age annual rainfall (rain and melted snow), IS. 4 inches. Dimensions. Length of State, north to south, 210 miles; width, east to west, 3G0 miles. Area, TO.T'.t.j square miles. Histor.v. First permanent settlement made by French 'Canadians at Pembina, Pembina County, in 1780. The State formed a part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Exploring expedition of Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804-05 amona the Mandan Indians, near the present site of Bismarck on the Missouri River. Lord Selkirk erected a fort at Pembina in 1812. Dakota Territory, including parts of Wyoming and Montana, organized in ISCI. Area reduced in 1868. .\dmitted to Union in 1880. GROWING SE.\SON IN NORTH DAKOTA. Average number of days required for difterent crops to mature. Wheat 9.5 to 106 Millet 81 to 112 Oats 88 to 102 Speltz 91 to 92 Barlev 82 to 94 Corn about 100 Flax ". 83 to 05 Figures taken from Government .\gricultural Ex- periment Station, Bulletin No. 52, at Fargo. 155 OHIO STATE AND THE 88 COUNTIES OF OHIO With Their Boundaries 21 i ' 'l ,' ic 16 j H 17 ; 181 19 ;—-(?' .3.2^ M ,!-- I2*j2_5i26i27j2_8 ! 29 J 3, 42 i f-3-P-il, r35/3e ^--'i 3j; t -^^■^;,1 ^ _ I 45 L^o /47r ^-d ''' ' so I .J «i 1^ ^^ 1^4 \ ill -.-.I 49 I I c^'^S^^iwclg jy .J 59| SO !;^->-t;T 65 W^-^aJssJ 2-""- IJ4' i 82 I 8^ V.-' "#^^ ^ UCEIf^Ty Clf^Y^-^^ \ OHIO i L ^^— — I>OCATION AND 1910 POPULATIONS OF OHIO COUNTIES. hoca. County Pop. 1 Williams. .25,198 2 Pulton. .23,914 3 *Lucas. 192,728 4 Ottawa. .22,360 5 Erie.. 38,327 6 Lorain. .76,037 7 Cuyahoga. 637,425 8 Geauga. .14,670 9 Lake. 22,927 10 Ashtabula. .59,547 11 Defiance. .24,498 12 Henrv. .25,119 13 Wood. .46,330 14 Sandusky. .35,171 15 Seneca. .42,663 16 Huron. .34,206 17 Medina. .23,598 18 Summit. 108,253 19 Portage. .30,834 20 Trumbull. .52,766 21 Paulding. .22,730 22 Putnam. .29,972 23 Hancock. .37,850 Loca. County Pop. 24 Wyandot. .20,769 25 Crawford . . 34,036 26 Richland. .47,667 27 Ashland. .22,975 28 Wayne. .38,058 29 Stark. 122.987 30 Mahoning. 116,151 31... Columbiana. .76,619 32 Van Wert. .29,119 33 Allen. .56,580 34 Hardin. .30,407 35 Marion. .33,971 36 *Marrow 37 Knox.. 30, 181 38 Holmes. .17,909 39 ... .Tuscarawa. .57,035 40 Carroll. .15,761 41 Jefferson. .65,423 42 Mercer. .25,536 43 Auglaize. .31,246 44 Darke. .42,933 45 Shelby. .24,663 46 Logan. .30,084 Loca. County Pop. 47 Union. .21,871 48 Delaware. .27,182 49 Licking. .55,590 50 Coshocton. .30,121 51 Harrison. .19,076 52 Miami. .45,047 53.... Champaign. .26,351 54 Madison. .19,902 55 Franklin. 221,567 56... Muskingum. .57,488 57 Guernsey. .42,716 58 Belmont. .76,856 59 Preble. .23,834 60... Montgomery. 163,763 61 Clark. .66,435 62 Greene. .29,733 63 Fayettd. .21,744 64 Pickaway . . 26,158 65 Fairfield. .39,201 66 Perry. .35,396 67 Morgan. .16,097 68 Noble. .18,601 69 Monroe. .24,244 Loca. County Pop. 70 Butler. .70,271 71 Warren. .24,297 72 Clinton. .23,630 73 Highland. .28,711 74 Ross.. 40,069 75 Hocking. .23,650 76 Vinton. .13,096 77 Athens. .47,798 78. . . Washington . .45,423 79 Hamilton. 460,732 80 Clermont. .29,551 81 Brown. .24,832 82 Adams. .24,755 83 Pike.. 15,723 84 Scioto. .48,466 85 Jackson. .30,791 86 Lawrence. .39,488 87 Gallia. .25,745 88 Meigs. .25,594 Total 4,767,121 156 Ohio Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Poij. Aberdeen . . . Academia . . . Ada Addison Addyston . . . Adelphi Adena Agosta ♦Akron Albany Alexandria . . Alger AUensville . . Alliance Alvordton Amanda .... Amboy Amelia Amesville . . . Amherst .... Amsterdam . Andersonville Andover .... Anna Annapolis . . . Ansonia Antiquity . . . Antwerp .... Apple Creek. . Arcadia Arcanum . . . . Archbold . . . . Arion Arlington . . . Arlington Heights . . . •Ashland . Ashley .... Ashtabula Ashville Athalia . . . •Athens . . . Attica .... Atwater . . Augusta . . Augusta Station . . Aultman . . , Aurora Statio Austinburg . Austintown Ava Avon Lake. , Axline .81. .37. .34. .87. .79. .74. .41. .35. .18. .77. .49. .34. .76. .29. .1. .63 .10. .80. .77. . .6. .41. .74. .10. .45. .41. .44. .88. .21. .28. .23. .44. '.'.si'. ..23. ..79. ..27. ..48. ..10. ..64. ..86. ..77. ..15. . .19. ..40. .40. .29. n.l9. .10. .30. .68. ..6. .56. .60. .74. .13. .50. .39. .65. .80. .18. .58. .39. .29. Bachman . . . Bainbridge . . Bairdstown . Bakersville . Baltic Baltimore . . . Bantam Barberton . . . Barnesville Barnhill .... Barrvville Bartlett Barton Bascom Basil 'Batavia .... Batemantown Batesville . . . Bay Junction Bays Beach City.. Beach Park . . Beallsville . . Beaver Beaverdam . . Bedford Bell Bellaire Bellbrook . . . Belle Center. •Bellefontaine Belle Valley. Bellevue .... Bellville 26 Belmont 58 Belmore 22 Beloit 30 Belpre 78 Benton 38 .58. ..15. .65. ..80. .37. ..68. . .5. .13. .29. ...6. .69. .83. .33. ...7. .73. ..58. .62. .46. .46. .68. .16. . . . 568 . . . 300 ..2,465 . . . 200 . . 1,543 . . . 407 . . . 570 . . . 304 .69,067 . . . 546 ...414 . . . 730 . . . 290 .15,083 . . . 402 . . . 484 . . . 360 ...417 . . . 267 ..2,106 ..1,141 . . . 200 . . . 902 . . . 460 . . . 260 . . . 656 . . . 309 ..1,187 . . . 466 . . . 380 ..1,361 . .1,083 . . . 200 . . . 798 . . . 468 ..6,795 . . . 706 . 18,266 . . . 972 . . . 226 ..5,463 ...719 . . . 360 . . . 320 . . . 250 . . . 609 . . . 660 . . . 392 . . . 260 . . . 506 ..1,098 . . . 450 . . 200 . . 883 . . . 240 . . . 290 ...377 . . . 551 . . 290 .9,410 , .4,333 . . 506 . . . 290 . . . 208 , . . 800 ,..375 . . . 504 ,.1,034 , . . 292 . . 282 , . . 450 , . . 220 ,..671 , . . 290 , . . 564 , . . 286 , . . 455 .1,783 , . . 266 12,940 , . . 283 , . . 889 , .8,238 , . . 689 , .5,209 , .1,056 . . 572 , . . 298 . . . 510 ,.1,249 , . . 362 Towns Loca. Pop. Benton Ridge. .23. Bentonville . . .82. Berea 7 . Bergholz 41. Berlin 38. Berlin Center. .30. Berlin Cross Roads 85. Berlin Heights. .5. Bertha Bethel Bethesda Bettsville ... Beverly .... Bexlev Bidwell Bigprairie Bigsprings . . Birmingham Bladensburg Blanchester . Bloomdale . . Bloomingburg Bloomington Bloomville Bluestone . . Bluffton Bolivar . . . . , Boston Botkins .... Bowerston . . Bowersville *Bo\vling Green .... Braceville Bradford ... Bradner .... Bradrick .... Brandon .... Brandt Brecksville Bremen . . , Brewster Briceton .... Bridgeport . Briggsdale . . Brilliant Brimfield . . . Brinkhaven . Bristolville Broadway Broadwell Brookfleld . . Brookville Broughton Brownhelm . Brownhelm Station . . . Brownsville . *Brvan 1 Euchtel 77 Buckeye City.. 37 84. 80. .58. .15. ..78. ..55. ..87. ..38. .46. , . .5. .37. ..72. , .13. .63. .72. ..15. ...7. ..33. ..39. ..18. .45. .51. ..62. ..13. .20. ..52. .13. ..86. ..37. .52. ..7. ..65. .29. ;'.58; .55. .41. .19. .37. .20. .47. .77. .20. ..60. .21. . .6. . .6. ..49. Buckland *Bucyrus . . . Buena Vista. Burbank . . . . Burghill . . .. Burgoon . . . . Burkettsville Burlington Burton Burton City. . Butler Byer Bypsville Byhalia .... .43. .25. ,.84. ..28. .20. ..14. .44. .86. . .8. .28. .85. .57. .47. Cable •Cadiz . . . , Cairo •Caldwell Caledonia . California •Cambridge Camden . . , Cameron Camp Dennison 79 Canal Dover... 39 Canal Fulton Canal I.,ewisville Canal Winchester Cantield .... Cannelville . .53. .51. .33. .68. .35. .79. .57. .59. .69. ..29. .50. .55. .30. .56. . . 352 . . 250 .2,609 .1,011 .. 275 .. 202 .. 330 .. 554 . . 360 .1,201 .1,026 . . 486 .. 720 . . 682 .. 590 . . 202 .. 200 .. 392 . . 308 .1,813 . . 602 . . 610 . . 312 .. 754 .. 250 .1,953 .. 567 . . 289 .. 579 . . 514 .. 297 .5,222 .. 200 .1,844 .. 890 .. 250 . . 292 . . 240 .1,266 . . 925 . . 200 . . 296 .3,974 . . 262 .. 742 . . 506 . . 341 .1,220 . . 225 . . 363 . . 990 .1,187 . . 226 .1,409 . . 223 . . 350 .3,641 .1,180 . . 269 . . 304 .8,122 . . 330 . . 351 . . 460 . . 225 . . 236 . . 390 . . 650 . . 290 . . 730 . . 260 .3,1.56 . . 250 . . 260 .1,971 , . . 450 . 1,430 . . 562 . . 450 11,327 . . 899 . . 262 . . 365 .6,621 . . 978 . . 369 . . 740 . . 685 . . 451 Towns Loca. I'oit. *Canton Carbondale . . Carbon Hill. . . Cardington . . . Carey Carlton Carroll •Carrollton Carthage .... Carthagena . . Cassella Casstown .... Castalia Catawba Catawba Island Cecil Cedarville . . . . •Celina Centerburg . . . Centerville . . . Ceylon Chagrin Falls. Chambersburg Chandlersville •Chardon .... Charlestown . Chatfield Chathaim . . . . Chauncey . . . , Cherry Valley. Chesapeake . . Cheshire Chesterhill . .. Chesterville . . Cheviot Chicago Chickasaw . . . •Chillicothe . . Chilo Christiansburg. Churchill .... •Cincinnati . .. •Circleville . . . Claridon , Clarington ... Clark Clarksburg . . . , Clarksfield Clarksville . . . . Clay Center. . . •Cleveland . . . Cleves Clifton Clinton Clinton Clough Pike.. Clyde Coalburg .... Coal Grove. . . . Coal Run Coalton Coldwater . . . Colebrook .... College Corner College Hill.. Collins Collinsville Columbiana . . COLUMBUS (Capitol) .. Columbus Grove Commercial Point Condit Conesville Conneaut .... Conover Continental . . Convov Coolville Copley Cornersburg . . Corping- Cortland •Coshocton Covington . . . . Cranenest .... Crescent Crestline Creston Cridersville . . Crooksville . . . Croton •ii) . 77. , 36! '. 24. 87. 65. :iu,2i; . . 526 . . 660 .1,349 ! 7*228 284 40. . .1,730 79... 3,618 . . 299 . . 266 . . 265 .. 520 .. 234 61 . . . 862 . . . 290 . .1,059 ..3,493 . . . 723 , . . 353 , . . 390 ..1,931 . . . 209 . . . 300 ..1,542 . . . 660 ...270 ,.1,260 ,..821 . . . 250 ...541 . . . 360 . .. 410 229 .4. .21. 62. 42. 37. 60. .5. .7. 60. 56. .8. 19. 25. 17. 77. 10. 86. 87. 67. 36 .._ 79... 1,930 16. . .2,950 .. 309 14,508 .. 260 .. 380 290 9.363,591 64. ..6,744 4S 74. 80. 53. 20. 8. , 69. 50. 74. 16. 72., .4. , 806 784 320 558 362 425 300 .7.560,663 79. ..1,423 . 239 . 305 . 450 .62. 18. . . 79 . . , 14., 20. . 86., 78. , 85.. 42. , 10.. 0. .2,315 . . 390 .1,759 . . 220 .1,114 . . 960 .1,060 . 379 79. . .1,979 16 360 70 260 31. ..1,582 55.181,511 22... 1,802 64. .. 48. . . 50 . . . 10. . . 234 . 213 . 490 3,319 52 200 22. . .1,074 32 741 77 370 18 243 30 2.50 66. . .1,564 20. 50 . , 612 . 9,603 .1,848 . . 290 58 ... 1 ,060 25... 3,807 970 .526 . 3.028 . . 414 Loca. Pop. Crown Citv . . .87. . . 295 Crystal .Spring .29. . . 400 Cumberland . .57 . 609 Curtice ..4.. . 400 Custar .13. . . 345 I'uyahoga Falls. 18.. 4,020 Cygnet .13.. . 709 D Dalton .28.. . 609 Damascus .... .31.. . 490 Danville .37.. . 373 Darbyville ... .64.. . 233 Darrtown .... .70.. . 300 •Dayton .60.1 6,577 Deaveitown . .67.. 223 Decatur .81.. . 300 Deerfield .19. . . 484 Deer Park . . . .79. . . 360 •Defiance .... .11.. 7,327 Degraff .46.. 1 ,082 •Delaware . . . .48.. 9,076 Delhi ; .79.. . 872 Dellroy .40.. . 373 Delphos .33.. 5,038 Delta . .2.. 1.689 Dennison .... .39.. 4,008 Dent .79.. . . 200 Derbv .64.. . . 290 Derwent .57.. . . 563 Deshler .12.. .1,515 Deunquat .... .24.. . . 269 Dexter .88. . . . 278 Dexter City. .. .68.. . . 233 Diamond .... .19.. . . 2.50 Dillonvale . . . .41.. .1,519 Dixon .32.. . . 326 Doanville .... .77.. . . 708 Dodgeville . . . .10.. . . 220 Dodsonville . . .73.. 22.5 Dola .34.. . . 262 Donnelsville . .61.. . 202 Dover . .7.. . . 309 Doylestown . . .28.. . . 877 Dresden .56.. .1,-549 Drill .58.. . . 390 Dublin .oa. . . 239 Dunbridge . . . .13. . . 260 Duncan Falls. .56. . . . 2.50 Dundas .76. . . . 262 Dundee .39.. . 250 Dunglen .41.. . 230 Dunkirk .34.. 1.109 Dupont .22.. . 334 E East Cleveland..?.. 9,179 East Fairfield. .31. . . 360 East GreenvilU .29.. . 420 East Lewistown . .30.. . 230 East Libertv. . .46.. . 593 East Liverpool .31.. 20,387 East Orwell.. .10.. . 704 East Palestine .31.. . 537 East Rochester.31. . . 2.50 East Sparta. . .29.. . 250 East Springfield . .41.. . 300 East Youngstown .30.. 4.972 •Eaton .59.. 3,187 Ed en ton .80.. . 278 Edgerton .... ..1.. 1,072 Edison .36.. . 387 Edon . .1. . . 678 Eifort .86.. . 262 Elba .78. . 350 .59 . . 321 Elida .33.. . 447 Elizabethtown. .79. . . 320 Ellsworth .... .30.. . 666 Elmore . .4.. . 937 Elmwood Placf .79. . 3.423 •Elvria . .6. .14,825 Empire .41.. . 509 Englewood . . .60.. . 2.50 Enon .61. . . 249 Epworth .26.. . 200 Etna .49.. . 300 Fuel id ■J 1,953 Euphemia . . . .59. . . 300 Evansport . . . .11.. . 350 F Fairfield .62.. . 292 Fairhaven . . . .59. . . 260 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the Countv Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means i^o- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 157 Ohio Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Fairmount 7. . . . 330 Fail-port Harbor 9. . .3,263 Fairview 57.... 346 Farmer 11 330 Farmersville . .60. . . . 437 Favette 2 915 Fayetteville ...81 310 Felicity 80 578 Fernbank 79. . . . 305 ♦Findlay 23. .14,8i>8 Fivemile 81 260 Flat Rock 15 250 Fletcher 52 376 Floodwood 77.... 450 Florencedale ..41 300 Florida 13 334 Flushing 58 868 Folger 6. . . . 420 Footville 10 250 Foraker 34 250 Forest 34... 1,285 Forestville ....79 283 Fort Jennings. . 23. ... 336 Fort Recovery ..43 .. .1,193 Foster 71..,. 315 Fostoria 15. . .9,597 Frankfort 74 734 Franklin 71... 2, 659 Franklin Square 31 362 Franklin Station 50 350 Frazeysburg . ..56. . . . 614 Fredericksburg. 28. . . . 507 Fredericktown..37. . .1,021 Freeport 51 624 *Freemont ... .14. . .9,939 Fresno 50. . . . 290 Frost 77 316 Fulton 36 335 Fultonham 56 825 G Gahanna .... ...55. .. 276 Galena .48. . . 513 Gallon .25. .7,314 *GallipoIis . . . .87. .5,560 Galloway . . . . .55. . . 350 Gambier .37. .. 637 Garfield .30. .. 250 Garrettsville . .19. .1,001 Gates Mill. . . . .7. . 360 Gaysport .... .56. .. 230 Geneva .10. .2,496 ..4. . . 817 Georgesville .55. .. 306 ♦Georgetown . .81. .1,580 Germano .51. .. 390 Germantown . .60. .1,778 Gettysburg . . .44. . . 330 Gibsonburg . . .14. .1,864 Gilboa .23. .. 345 Giliespieville . .74. .. 335 Gilmore ..39. .. 275 Girard .30. .3,736 Glencoe ...58. .. 275 Glendale .... ..79. .1,741 Glenmont . . . . .38. . . 369 Glenmore . . . . . 33 . .. 200 Glenrov ..85. .. 890 Glouster .... .77. .2,527 Glynwood . . . . .43. .. 206 Gnadenhutten .39. .. 560 Gomer .33. .. 230 Good Hope. . . ..63. .. 275 Gore ..75. .. 490 Goshen ..... .80. .. 306 Grafton ...6. .. 955 Grand Rapids .13. .. 574 Grand River. ..9. .. 203 Grandview . . ..78. .. 489 Granville . . . .49. . 1,394 Gratiot .49. .. 250 Gratis .59. .. 410 Green Camp. ..^5. .. 308 Greenfield .73. .4,338 Green ford . . . ..30. . . 360 Greensburg . .30. . . . 330 Greenspring . ..15. .. 833 Greentown ..39. . . . 350 *Greenville . . ..44. . 6,337 Greenwich . . .16. .. 876 Greiton .12. .. 360 Gresham ..7. .. 530 Groesbeck . . .79. . . 350 Grove City. . . ..55. .. 837 Groveport . . . ...55. . . . 643 Grover Hill . . .31. . . . 676 Loca. Pop. Gustavus 30. Gypsum 4 . 250 660 ..74. .76. ..81. ..70. ..12. ..80. H Hallsville . Hamden . . Hamersville ♦Hamilton Hamler . . . Hamlet . . . Hammansburg..l3 Hammondsville.41 Hampden 8 Hanging Rock. .86 Hanover 49 Hanoverton . ..31 Harlem Springs.40 Harpster 24 Harriettsville ..68 Harrisburg . Harrison . . . Harrisonville Harrisville . Harrod .... Harshman Hartford Hartsgrove Hartshorn Hartwell . . . Harveysburg Haskins . . . Havana .... Haviland Haydenville Hayesville . Hayesville . Hazelwood . Hebron .... Helena .... Hemlock Hendrysburg Hepburn Heslop Hessville Hicksville . . Higby Higginsport Highland . . Hill grove . . Hilliards . . . *HiI!sboro . . Hinckley . . . Hiram Hockingport Holgate .... Holland . .. Hollansburg Hollister ... Holloway . . Holmesville Homer Homeworth Hopedale . . Houston . . . Howard .... Hoytsville . Hubbard . . , Hudson .... Hume Huntington Huntsburg Huntsville . Huron Junction. .5. ..55. ..79. ..88. .51. .33. ..60. .20. .10. , . 69 . ..79. .71. ,.13. .16. .21. ..75. .27. .64. .79. ..49. .14. .66. ..58. ..34. ..78. .14. ..11. .74. ..81. .73. , .44. ..55. ..73. ..II. ..19. ..77. ..12. . .3. ,.44. ..77. . .58. ..38. ..49. ..31. .51. ..45. ..37. ..13. ..20. ..18. ..33. ...6. ...8. 46. Iberia 36. Independence ..7. Irondale 41 . *Ironton 86. Ivorydale 79. ♦Jackson 85 Jackson Center.45 Jacksontown ..49 Jacksonville Jamestown Jasper ♦Jefferson Jeffersonville Jenera .... Jeromesville Jerry City. . Jer,sy Jerusalem Jewett Jobs Johnson 18 Johnsonvllle . .20 .77. .62. .83. .10. .63. .23. .37. .13. .49. .69. .51. . 200 1,019 . 276 35,379 . 596 . 350 . 260 . 406 . 290 . 662 . 331 . 317 . 250 . 339 . 350 . 286 1,368 . 360 . 364 . 474 . 360 . 410 . 806 . 350 2,823 . 359 . 391 . 260 . 233 . 436 . 490 . 388 . 460 . 677 . 305 . 452 . 450 . 250 . 366 . 250 2,395 . 305 . 417 . 272 . 250 . 370 4,296 . 275 . 432 . 235 1,095 . 266 . 287 . 526 , 786 . 320 . 468 . 490 . 391 . 250 . 360 . 404 1,699 1,021 . 230 . 650 . 866 . 328 1,756 ,..223 . . . 994 .1,136 13,147 . . 518 ..5,468 . . . 685 . . . 338 ..1,385 . .1,133 . . . 350 ,.1,461 ...716 . . . 259 . . . 314 . . . 458 , . . 200 . . . 242 ,..917 , . . 763 . . 366 . . . 622 To wns Loca. Pop. Johnstown . . . .49 . Johnsville 60. Joyce 39. Junction 21. Junction City. .66. Justus 29. K 805 262 303 336 811 360 Kalida .32. . . . 770 Kamms ..7. ...275 Kansas .15. . . . 330 Kelleys Island . .5. ..1,017 Kenmore .... .18. ..1,501 Kennedy .79. . . . 300 Kensington . . .31. ...400 Kent .19. ..4,488 ♦Kenton .34. ..7,185 Kilbourne . . . . .48. . . . 302 Kilgore .40. . . . 360 Killbuck .38. . . . 433 Kimberly .... .77. . . . 266 Kimbolton . . . .57. ...277 Kings Creek. . .53. ...223 Kings Mills. . . .71. . . . 750 Kingston .... .74. . . . 813 Kingsville . . . . .10. . . . 666 Kinsman .20. . . . 960 Kinsman Station .... .20. . . . 326 Kipling .57. . . . 330 Kipton ..6. . . . 250 Kirkersville . . .49. . . . 350 Kirtland .... ..9. . . . 206 Kunkle . .1. . . . 450 Kyles Corners. .30. . . . 225 li LaFayette . . . .33. . . . 600 Lafayette . . . . .54. . . . 418 LaGrange . . . . .86. . . . 464 Lagrange . . . . ..6. . . . 528 Lakeside .... ..4. . . . 362 Lakeview .... .46. . . . 578 Lakewood ..7. .15,181 ♦Lancaster . . . .65. .13,093 Lansing .58. . . . 366 Larue .35. . .. 772 Latty .31. . . . 339 Laura .53. . . . 303 Laurel .80. . . . 226 Laurelville . . .75. ...457 Leavittsburg . .20. . . . 393 ♦Lebanon . . . . .71. ..3,698 I-eesburg .73. . . . 838 Leesville .25. . . . 200 Leesville Cross Roads .25. . . . 290 Leetonia .... .31 . ..3,665 Leipsic .fZ. ..1,173 Lemoyne . . . . .13. . .. 363 Letart Falls. . .87. . . . 566 Levanna .... .81. . . . 363 Lewisburg . . . .59. . . . 672 Lewis Center. .48. . . . 330 Lewistown . . . .46. . . . 390 Lewisville . . . .61). ...291 Lexington .36. . . . 654 Liberty .60. 225 Liberty Center .13. . . . 647 Lightsville .. .44. . . . 366 Lilly Chapel.. .n4. . . . 426 ♦Lima .33. . 30,508 Limestone . . . ..4. . . . 260 Linden Heights ,55. . . . 991 Lindenville . . .10. . . . 808 Lindsev .14. . . . 501 7 . . . 512 ♦Lisbon .31. . .3,034 Litchfield . . . . .17. ...220 Little Hocking .78. . . . 350 I.,ockbourne . . ..55. . . . 307 Ijockland . . . . .79. ..3,439 Ijockwood . . . . .30. . . . 363 Lodi .17. ..1,015 ♦Logan .75. ..4,850 ♦London ..54. ..3,530 Longstreth . . . .75. . . . 500 Ijorain .,6. .38.883 Loraine Lore City . . . I.,ondonville . Louisville . . . Loveland . . . , Lovell Lowell Lowellville . . Lower Salem, Lucas Lucasburg . . Lucasville . . . ..45. ..57. ..27. .29. ..80. , .24. ..78. .30. ..78. ..36. .57. ..84. . 439 . 609 1,804 1,678 1,431 . 569 . 381 1,506 . 287 . 273 . 426 . 256 Tou-ns Loca. Pop. Luckey . . I.,udlow Fa Luhrig . . . Lykens . . . Lynchburg Lyons . . . . .13. .53 . .77. .25. .73. 520 360 423 360 933 408 M ♦McArthur . . .. McClainville . .. McClure McComb ♦McConnelsville. McCuneville . . . McCutchenville. McDermot McGuffey Macedonia Macksburg Madeira Madison Madisonville . . Magnolia Maholm Maineville . . . . Malinta Mallet Creek. .. Malta Malvern Manchester . . . ♦Mansfield .... Mantua Marblehead . . . Marengo Maria Stein. . .. ♦Marietta ♦Mariou Mark Center. . . Marlboro Marseilles Marshallville .. Martin Martinsburg . . Martins Ferry.. Martinsville . . . ♦Marysville . . . Mason Massillon Maumee Mayfield Maynard Mecca Mechanicsburg. Mechanicstown . ♦Medina Medway Melbern Melmcre Melrose Mendon Mentor . . , Mercer Mermill Mesopotamia .. Metamora . . . . Miami Miamisburg . . . Middle Bass. . . Middlebranch . Middleburg . . .. Middlefield Middle Point. .. Middleport . . .. Middletown . . . Midland Midvale Midway Milan Mil ford Milford Center. Millbury Miller Miller City. . . . ♦Millersburg . . Millerspnrt . . . . Millerstown . . . Millersville . . .. Milnersville . . . Milton Center.. Mineral Mineral City. . . Mineral Ridge.. Minersville . . . . Minerva Mingo Mingo Junction. Minster Misco " Mogadore Momeneetown .. .1,107 . . 200 . . 54 7 .1,088 .1,831 . . . 362 , . . 350 , . . 228 , . . 491 , . . 563 , . . 454 , . . 550 . . . 863 ..5,193 , . . 556 . . . 290 , . . 245 . . . 345 . . . 350 , . . 971 . . . 753 . .1,960 .20,768 , . . 731 ..1,173 . . . 283 . . . 560 .13,933 .18,333 306 351 225 294 406 253 .9,133 354 .3,576 737 .13,879 .3,037 560 420 250 .1,446 250 .2,734 . 250 . 360 . 250 . 317 . 621 . 733 . 320 . 360 . 830 . 475 . 400 .4,371 200 360 288 640 607 .3,194 .13,152 327 675 483 696 .1,321 685 276 350 218 ,020 259 279 260 .2,066 350 312 .1,033 759 980 ,1,396 JOO .4,049 ,1,585 290 438 298 158 Ohio Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Totviis Loca. Pop. Monclova .... Monday Monfort Monroe Monroe Center, Monroeville . . . Montezuma . . . Montgomery . , Montpelier . . . . Montville Morral Morristown . . . Morrow Moscow Mount Airy. . . . Mount Blanchard . . Mount Carmel.. Mount Cory. . . . Mount Eaton. .. Mount Ephriam . . .. * Mount Gilead. Mount Healthy. Mount Liberty. Mount Orab. . . Mount Pleasant . . . . Mount Sterling. * Mount Vernon. Mount Victory.. Mount Washington . Mownystown . . Moxahala Munroe Falls. . Munson Murray N •Napoleon Nashville Navarre Negley Nelsonville . . .. Nevada Neville New Albany. . . New Antioch. .. •Newark New Athens. . . Bavaria. . Berlin . . . . Boston . . . Bremen. .. Buffalo. . . . . . 250 . . . 420 . . . 526 , . . 255 . . . 262 ..1,152 . . . 228 . . . 797 .2,759 , . . 660 . . . 334 ...274 . . . 382 , . . 327 . . . 497 . . 451 .. 206 . . 290 , . . 208 . . 225 .1,678 .1,799 .. 200 .. 539 . . 701 .1,071 .9,087 .. 740 .. 574 . . 326 .. 466 .. 326 .. 200 . 1,386 New New New New New Newburg New Burlington . . New Carlisle. .. New Castle. . . . New Comerstown . New Concord. . New Dover. . . . New Garden. . . New Hampshire .. New Holland. .. New Hope New Knoxville. New Lebanon.. •New Lexington . .. New London . . . New Madison.. New Marshfleld . . New Martinsburg. . New Matamoras New Middletown . New Moorefleld. New Paris New Petersburg ♦New Philadelphia. New Pittsburg. Newport New Richland. New Riehmond. New Ricgel. . . . New Springfield .. New Straitsville .. Newton Falls.. 12. . .4,907 38 . . . 269 29. ..1,357 31. . . . 430 77. ..6,082 24. . . . 889 80, . . . 290 55. ...215 72. ...226 49. .25,400 51. . . . 376 12. . . . 490 29. . . . 865 84. ..1,858 43. . . 1,586 30. . . . 200 .7. ..5,813 72. . . . 320 61. ..1,058 50. . . . 390 39. ..2,943 56. . . . 683 47. . . . 250 31. . . . 206 . 360 . 804 . 228 . 487 . 202 2,559 1,557 628 490 220 711 200 870 220 8,.542 330 360 220 ,733 268 460 2,242 57 Loca. Pup. .79. .25. .31. ..44. .20. ..18. .49. ..13. ..79. ..20. .20. ..7. Newtown . . . New Vienna. New Washington New Waterford New Weston. Niles Nimislla .... Norman .... North Baltimore . North Bend.. North Bloomfleld North Bristol North Dover. North Fairfleld.l6 North Georgetown .31 North Hampton . . .61 North Industry ....29 North Jackson. 30 North Kingsville North Lawrence North Lewisburg North Lima. North Madison 9 North Olmstead ....7 North Ridgeville ...6 •Norwalk 16 Norwood 79 Nottingham ... .7 Nova 27 Novelty 8 ..10. ..29. .53. ..30. . . 630 . . 793 . . 889 , . . 509 . . 258 .8,361 . . 290 . . 200 .2,508 .. 560 .. 780 . . 290 .. 230 .. 560 .. 240 250 406 . . 420 .1,150 793 360 . . . 220 ..1,030 . . . 420 ..7,858 .16,135 . .2,387 . . . 250 . . . 290 O Oakfield 20. Oakharbor 4. Oak Hill 85. Oakley 79. Oakwood 21. Oberlin 6. Ohio City 32. Old Fort 15. Olive Branch.. 80. Olive Furnace. .86. Olivesburg . . ..26. Olmsted Falls.. .7. Orient Orrville . , Orwell . . Osborn Osgood Osi:aburg Ostrander .64. ..28. . .10. ..62. ..44. . .29. .48. Otsego 56. Ottawa Ottoville . Otway Owens . . . Owensville Oxford . . . .22. ..22. ..15. ..35. ..80. . .70. ..9. .44. .19. .63. .'.29! •Painesville Palestine Palmyra .... Pancoastburg Pandora Paris . . Parkman ..... .8. Parma 7. Pataskala . . . .49. •Paulding . . . .21. Payne 21 . Peebles 82. Pemberton . . ..45. Pcmberville Peninsula Pennsville Perintown Perry Porrysburg Perrysville . Perryton Petersburg . Pettlsville . , Pharisburg . Phillipsburg Philo .56. Pickerington ..65. ..13. .18. .67. .80. ...9. ..13. ..27. ..49. ..30. '!47; .60. . . 320 .1,559 .1,148 .1,639 . . 496 .4,365 . . 860 . . 260 . . 220 . . 250 . . 280 . . 394 . . 250 .3,101 . . 890 . . 866 . . 214 . . 448 . . 431 . . 250 .2,182 . . 477 . . 234 . . 660 . . 406 .2,017 .5,501 . . 216 .1,066 . . 226 . . 562 . . 360 .3,066 . . 303 . . 820 .2,081 .1,207 . . 921 . . 309 .1,006 . .536 . . 250 . . 270 . . 560 .1,913 . . 541 . . 206 . . 606 . . 302 . . 2.50 . . 343 . . 806 . . 310 Townn Lorn. Pop. Piedmont Pierpont . . Piketon . . . Pioneer Piqua .... Pittsburg . Plain City. Plainfield . Plainville Pleasant City.. 57 Pleasant Hill.. 52 Pleasant Plain, 71 Pleasant Ridge. 79 Pleasantville . .65 .51. .10. ..83. ...1. .52 . .44. ...54. .50. .79. .26. .30. .27. .88. .13. .39. .72. ..48. ..58. Plymouth Poland Polk .... •Pomeroy Portage •Port Clinton. . .4. Port Jefferson. 45. •Portsmouth ..84. Port Washington Port William.. 72 Powell . . Powhatan Point . Prairie Depot. .13. Proctorville ...86. Prospect 35. Put-in-Bay . . . .4. Pyrmont 60. Q Quaker City. . .57. Quincy 46. B Raab 3. Racine 88. Radnor 48. Rainsboro 73. Randolph 19. Range 54. Rapids 19. Rarden 84. •Ravenna 19. Rawson 23. Rayland 41 . Raymond 47. Reading 79. Redfleld 66. Reedsville ....88. Reesville 72. Rehoboth 66. Reily 70. Reinersville . ..67. Rendville 66. Republic 15. Reynoldsburg .55. Rhodes 41 . Richmond . . . .41. . .29. ..47, ..12. .34. .81, .13. .28. .56. .29. Richville . . Richwood . Ridgeville Corners . Ridgeway Ripley .... Risingsun Rittman Rix Mills . . Robertsville Robins i>7. Rockbridge . . .75. Rock Creek... .10. Rockford 42. Rockland 78. Rockport 7 . Rockyridge . . . .4. Rocky River. .. .7. Rogers 31. Rome 10. Rootstown . . ..19. Roscoe .50. Roseville 56. Rosewood .53. Rossburg 44. Rossf'ord 13. Rossn^ovne . . . 79. Roswell 39. Roundhead . . .34. Roxabell Royalton . . Rudolph . . Ruraldale Rushmore Rush Run Rushsylvani .74. .41. .46. , . . 250 . . 668 . . 660 13,388 . . 340 .1,407 ..215 . . 250 . . 788 . . . 571 . . . 200 . . 255 , . . 608 .1,314 . . 367 . . 250 , .4,023 , . . 450 , .3,007 .. 233 23,481 ..421 . . 298 . . 250 . . 386 .1,358 . . 577 . . 945 . . 259 . . 306 . 746 . 594 . 250 . 540 . 250 . 215 . 560 . 250 . 250 . 350 5,310 . 470 . 306 . 546 3,988 . 250 . 250 . 275 . 200 . 316 . 200 . 623 . 475 . 431 . 321 . 372 . 350 . 262 1,729 . 250 . 427 1,840 . 599 . 326 . 230 . 250 . 500 . 350 . 4.55 1,186 . 262 3,179 . 349 1,861 . 2.58 . 245 . 220 . 595 2,113 . 250 . 261 1,066 . 322 . 514 . 462 . 250 . 226 . 561 . 300 . 250 . 221 . 560 Toicn.-i Lor Pop. Rushville . Russellville Russia Rutland . . .65 257 .81 438 .45 3.50 .88 562 Pabina 72 Saint Barnard. 79 •Saint Clairsville Saint Henry. Saint Johns. Saint Louisville . Saint Marys. Saint Paris. . Salem Salesville . . . Salineville Sandrun •Sandusky . . Sandyville . . Santa Fe ... Santoy Sarahville . . Sardina .... Sardis Savannah . . Saybrook Sayler Park. Scio Scioto Sciotoville . . Scott Seaman .... Sebring .... Sekitan .... Selma Senecaville . Seven Mile. ..58. ..42. ..43. ..49. ..43. . .53. ..31. . .57. .31. ..75. . . .5. . .39. . .43. ..66. ..68. . .81. ..69. .'.lo! . .79. . ..51. ..84. ..84. . . 32 . . .82. ...30. ...79. ...61. Seville i; Shadyside Shalersville Shandon . . . Shanesville Sharon . . . . Sharonville Shawnee . . Shelby .... Shephard . . Sheridan Sherodsville Sherrits Sherwood . Shiloh ..58. . .19. . .70. ..39. . .68. ..79. . .66, ...26. . . .55 . . .86. ..40. . .86. ..11. 26, .1,514 .5,002 . 1,398 . . 560 . . 350 , . . 244 , .5,732 ..1.261 .8,943 . . 265 .2,403 . . 350 ,19,989 . . . 275 . . 262 , . . 320 , . . 281 . . 534 ,..375 , . . 262 . . . 2.50 ...877 . . . 958 . . . 260 . .1,202 . . .472 . . . 250 . .2,104 ..1,120 . . . 206 . . . 893 . . . 340 . . . 602 . .2.066 . . . 222 . . . 350 . . . 334 . . . 266 . . . 713 . .2,280 ..4,903 . . . 402 . . . 260 Shreve 28. •Sidney 45. Silverton Smithfield Smithville Sodom . . , Somerdale Somerset Somerton Somerville Sonora 56 South Bloomfleld ..64 South Bloom'gville. .75 South Charleston ..61 South Euclid... 7 Southington . ..20 South Lebanon. 71 South Newbury. .8 South New Lynne . . . , South Point. South Sakm South Solon , South A'ienna South Webster South Zanes- ville Spenc'T Spencerville . . Springboro . . . Springdale . . . •Springfield Spring Valley Startle Stee! Sterling .... •Steubenville Stewart .... Stewartsville Stillwater .. ..10. ..86. . .74. ..54. .61. 84. ..56. ..17. . .33. . .71. . . 79 . ..61. . .62. . .41. . .58. . .28. ..41. ..77. . .58. .39. . . . 206 . . . 566 . . . 5.5.5 . .1,016 . .6,607 . . . 459 . . . 589 . . . 447 . . . 350 . . . 300 .1,286 , . . 201 . . . 349 , . . 206 . . . 212 ..220 .1,181 . . 360 . . 200 . . 626 .1,273 . . 326 ..316 ..211 . . 420 . . 270 , . . 499 . . 853 , . . 560 .1,748 . . 355 . 46,92 1 . . . 443 . .. 412 , . . 500 , . . 375 .22,391 . . . 339 , .. 612 159 Ohio Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Stockdale . . ytockport . . Stony Ridge Stoutsville . Strasburg . . Streetsboro . Strongsville Slruthers . . Stryker Sugar Creek Sugar Grove Summerfield Summerford Sunbury . . . Superior . . . Swanton . . . Sweden . . . . Sycamore . . Sycamore V ley Sylvania . . . Syracuse . . . . ..83. . . .67. . . .13. . . . 63 . . . .39. ...19. 7. ...30. 7. ... 39 . . .65. . . .68. . .54. . . . 48 . ...86. ...10. . . .24. al- ...69. 3. ... 88 . Tallmadge . . . . Talton Taylorsville . . . Temperance- ville Terrace Park . . Thomastown . . Thornville Thurston •Tiffin Tippecanoe . . . . Tippecanoe City Tiro •Toledo Tontogany . . . . Toronto Tracy Tremont City . Trenton Trimble Trinway Trotwood Trowbridge . . . •Troy Tuppers Plains Tuscarawas . . . Twinsburg . . . . . . 250 . . 438 . . 301 . . 420 . . 835 .. 200 . . 250 .3,370 .1,026 . . 389 . . 368 . . 489 . . 200 . . 485 . . 260 .1,058 .1,301 . . 853 . . 977 .1,002 .1,236 ... 501 . . . 302 ... 495 . . . 266 ... 448 .. . 212 ...411 ... 306 .11,894 ... 450 ..2,038 . . . 321 168.497 .. . 314 . .4,271 . . . 462 . . . 450 ... 564 .. . 711 ... 360 ... 348 ... 200 ..6,122 ... 220 ... 471 ... 250 Towns Loca. Pop. V Uhrichsville . . .39. .4,751 Union .60. . . 250 Union City - - . .44. . 1,595 Union Furnace .73. . . 700 Unionport .41. .. 250 Uniontown . . .58. . . 210 Unionville . . . . .9. . . . 390 Unionville Center .... .47. .. 239 Uniopolis . . . .43. .. 460 Unity .31. . . . 332 •Upper Sandusky . . .24. .3.779 •Urbana . 33 . .7,739 Utica .49. ..1,729 V Valley City. . .17. .. 250 \'anburen . . . .23. .. 303 \'andalia .... .60. .. 221 Vanlue .23. . . . 466 •Van Wert. . . .32. ..7,157 Vaughnsville .22. . . . 330 Venedocia .32. . . . 247 Vermillion . . . ..5. . .1,369 Verona ..59, . . . 250 Vereailles .44. .1,580 Vickery .14. . . . 200 Vienna . 20 . .. 368 Vigo .74. . . . 200 V^incent .78. . . . 250 Vinton .87. . . . 324 W Wabash .51. . . . 300 Waco .29. . . . 200 Wadsworth . . .17. ..3,073 Wainwright . .39. . . . 350 Wakeman .16. . . . 930 Walbridge . . . .13. . . . 500 Waldo .35. ...319 Walkers .31. . . . 200 Walnutrun . . .54 ...210 •Wapakoneta .43. . .5,349 Warner .78. . . . 200 •Warren .... .20. .11,081 Warrenton . . .41. . . . 300 Warsaw .50. . . . 512 Warwick .... .18. . . . 200 Towns Loca. Pop. Washington .57. .. 36C •Washington C. H .63. .7,277 Washington- ville .31. .. 957 Waterford . . . .78. . . 362 Watertown . . . .78. .. 200 Waterville ..3. . . 834 •Wauseon .2 . 2,650 •Waverly .... .83. .1,883 Waynesburg . . .29. . . 760 Waynesfleld . . .71. . . 705 Webster .44. . . 204 Wellington . . . .71. .2,131 Wellston .85. .6,875 Wellsville . . . 31. .7.769 Welshfield . . . . .8. .1,026 West Alexandria . ,59. .1,030 West Andover .10. . . 366 Westboro .... .72. .. 350 West Brooffiek .29. . . 336 West Cairo. . . .33. . . 386 West Carrollton . .60. .1,283 West Chester. .70. .. 302 West Clarksfield .16. .. 260 West Dover. . ..7. .. 303 West Elkton. .59. .. 230 Westerville . . .55. .1,903 West Farmington .20. .. 446 West Jefferson ..54. .1,043 West Lafavette.50. . . 840 West Leipsic. .22. .. 233 West Liberty. .46. . 1,288 West Manchester ..59. .. 445 West Mansfield46. . . 913 West Mecca. . .20. . . 260 West Middletown .70. .. 330 West Milton.. .52. . 1,205 Westminster . .33. . . 200 West Newton . .33. .. 236 Weston .13. .. 913 West Park. . . . .7. . . 320 West Richfield .18. . . 250 West Salem . . .28. .. 642 West Sonora. .59. . . 209 Toii:ns Loca. Pop. West Toledo.... 3. *West Union.. .82. West Unity 1. Westview 7. West Wheeling.58. Weymouth . . .17. Wharton 24. Wheelersburg .84. White Cottage. 56. Whitehouse . .. .3. Wick 10. Wickliffe 9. Wilberforce . ..62. Wilkesville ....76. Williamsburg .80. Williamsfield ..10. Williamsport ..64. Willoughby 9. Wilow 7. Willshire 32. •Wilmington . .72. Wilmot 29. Winchester . . .82. Windham 19. Windsor 10. Winesburg . . . .38. Withamsville . .80. Woodington . . .44. Woodlawn ... .79. •Woodsfleld . . .60. Woodstock ....53. Woodville 14. •Wooster 28. Worthington . .55. Wren 32 . Wyoming 79. X •Xenla 63. Y Yellowbud ... .74. Yellow Spgs. . . .62 . •Youngstovvn . .30. Zaleski 76. Zanesfleld 46. •Zanesville . . .56. Zoar Station. . .39. . . 250 .1,080 . . 980 . . 690 . . 250 . . 366 . . 483 . . 230 . . 362 . . 506 . . 200 . . 530 . . 380 . . 203 . . 948 . . 290 . . 536 .2,072 . . 225 . . 653 .4,491 . . 258 . . 937 . . 261 . . 766 . . 250 . . 382 . . 336 . . 250 .2,503 . . 310 . . 807 .6.136 . . 547 . . 277 .1,893 .8,776 . . . 250 .1,360 .77,066 ,..476 , . . 250 28,026 , . . 200 OHIO The Mound Builders — The StniffgleB of Later Generations to Establish Conditions of Prosperity in the Wealthy State. Who the original land seekers were in all this portion of the continent is unknown. The earliest evidence of human intelligence among a people that occupied this land is seen in the earth mounds distributed in great number throughout the State. These people were evidently a religious, warlike race as shown in the relics found in their mounds, including stone altars, hatchets, hammers, arrows and ornaments of various kinds. LESS INTELLIGENT BUT MORE WARLIKE. The races that came afterwards were less intelli- gent and more warlike than their predecessors, as seen in the Indian tribes which the early explorers of America found roaming over the country. In fact it is difficult to go anywhere or find any particular place on the American Continent that has not been traversed before by human beings. THE FIRST INDIANS HERE. The principal Indian tribes of the Ohio country when discovered by the French, were the Miamis, the Wyandots, the Shawnees, the Senecas and the Delawares. The Iroquois, to whom the Senecas belonged, claimed to have subdued all the territory between the AUeghanies and the Mississippi, but the Ohio Indians repudiated their sway and had, it appears, regained the lands from which they had been driven. By a treaty signed at Utrecht, a city in a prov- ince of the same name in the Netherlands, by representatives from France, Holland, Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal and Savoy, Kng:1and obtained Gibraltar, Hudson Bay territories and Newfound- land. Through that concession England claimed the right to call the Iroquois her subjects and the English based their claim to the northwest territory on the pretended conquest of the Iroquois, as well as the charter of James I. to Virginia and of Charles II. to Connecticut. Assuming their right to possession English trad- ers had begun to compete with the French in the fur trade of the great lakes as early as 1684. THE FRENCH ALSO CLAIMED THIS TERRITORY The French based their claim to the same terri- tory on the discoveries of Joliet, Marquette and LaSalle, though in so far as the Ohio River is concerned there is no conclusive evidence that La Salle ever saw it. The little settlement made at Sandusky, Fort Cadillac built at Detroit in 1701, and the allegiance of most of the Indian tribes, between Lake Erie and the Ohio River, practically gave France the control of the debatable ground. From that period up to the war of the revolution it was a struggle between the French and the English to get the support of the Indians, and even up to 1799 fear of the Indians checked immigration into this region. In the meantime pioneers from Massachusetts had founded Marietta in 1788. An- other colony from New Jersey laid out the town of Losantiville in 1789, which name was soon changed to Cincinnati. In 1790 French emigrants founded Gallipolis, and in the same year the first colony from Virginia came in and established Massieville, now Man- chester. 160 Ohio Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises PERMANENT PEACE WITH THE INDIANS. Instigated, it was claimed, by the British, the Indians continued to make trouble until a per- manent peace was made in 1795, two-thirds of the State at that time being ceded to the whites. FOUNDING OF THE WESTERN RESERVE. In 1702 500,000 acres in the western part of the Western Reserve, located in the northern part of Ohio, v/as set aside by Connecticut as compensation to those of her citizens whose property had been destroyed by the British during the revolution; and in 1792 the first setiiement at Cleveland was made. Fear of the Indians yet checked immigration into the state and not until 1799 did the population reach 5,000, the number necessary to the establish- ment of a legislature. On Sept. 23, 1799, the first legislature met at Cincinnati, and on the 25th chose William Henry Harrison as its delegate to Congress. In 1800 Indiana territory was set off, and in 1S02 a consti- tutional convention, convened at Chillicothe, adopted a constitution, and in 1803 state officers were elected. Chillicothe and Zanesville being, at various periods, the capital of the state before it was permanently established at Columbus. In the war of 1812-15 the young state furnished three regiments to aid in carrying it on. In 1813 General Harrison erected Fort Meigs on the Maumee and held it against two attacks of British and Indians tinder General Proctor. Major Croghan made a brilliant defense of a rude fort on the Sandusky, and Lieutenant, afterwards Commodore Perry, in Put-in-Bay, made his victory over the British fleet. FIRST STEA>IBOAT AND FIRST RAILROAD. In 1812 the first steamboat descended the Ohio River, and in 1825-33 the Ohio and Maumee canals were constructed, and in 1842 the first railroad be- tween Cincinnati and Springfield was opened. Free schools were established in 1826. and in 1842 the first regularly equipped public astronomical observa- tory in the United States was founded at Cincin- nati. Ohio gave 5,536 troops to the Mexican war. appropriated $1,000,000 for the defense of the Union in the Civil War, and sent 313,180 troops into the battlefield. The bounties paid to volunteer soldiers amounted to $23,557,373. About one-third the distance from the north to the southern part of the state is found the divid- ing ridge, north of which the streams flow to Lake Erie, and south of which the waters descend to the Ohio River. Lake Erie is 573 feet above the level of the sea, and yet so much below the dividing ridge, which extends from Trumbull County in the northeast part of the state to Mercer and Darke Counties in the southeast, that the Maumee, the Cuyahoga, the Black, the Sandusky, the Vermillion and the Huron rivers all emi)ty into this lake. The rivers flowing into the Ohio are the Mus- kingum, the Hocking, the Scioto and the Miamis. These rivers all run through highly fertile valle.vs, but it is not necessary to go to the valleys for rich land. The state is so nearly level, and has retained the fallen grasses so long upon its surface, as to produce a highly fertile soil, which like the other states of level surface make a wealthy popu- lation. RICH son. ONLY A PART OF OHIO'S AD- VANTAGE. But the productions of a rich soil are but a part of the immense resources of Ohio. From this state comes the well known Hocking coal, the coal area covers 10,000 square miles, limestone is quar- ried in 32 counties, and sandstone, from which come the celebrated Ohio grindstone, underlies one half of the entire area of the state. The whole of the southeast half of the state is underlaid with coal-bearing formations and the geological surveys show seven distinct veins of coal of superior quality for domestic use, or for making gas and smelting iron. The aggregate thicltness of the coal beds which are convenient to work upon is about 50 feet. One of the interesting features of the passage on the Ohio River is the view of coal mine openings seen for hundreds of miles, the tunnels running up the slopes from the river directly into the coal beds. Iron is found in abundance in certain parts of the state, particularly in Perry, Gallia, Licking, Lawrence, Jackson, Vinton, Meigs, Athens and Hock- ing counties. Some of the ore is of superior quality and adapted to the finer class of castings. Clay in all its forms is found in large quantities, carbonate of lime, quick lime, and water cement are very largely manufactured. Natural gas is found in several sections of the state. The lour oil districts yield nearly 20,000,000 barrels per annum and give to the state some $17,000,000 annually. Ohio is noted for Its large variety of valuable agricultural production, including wool, flax, milk, butter and cheese, and for stock raising, especially m the southern part of the state, while the upper part of the state, in the lake region, is celebrated for Its grapes, there being thousands of acres in vineyards in that region. Ohio is distinguished for its large amount of cultivated land, the great crops including wheat, oats, potatoes, rye, buckwheat, hay and corn in immense quantities. Other products that deserve especial mention are maple sugar, honey, maple syrup and strawberries. The land seeker who desires to go into a manu- facturing state finds that region in Ohio. The pro- ductions include woodenware, agricultural imple- ments, steel, iron, optical and astronomical instru- ments, electric materials, electrical equipment of all kinds, refining of oils, safes, deposit vaults, time locks, cooperage, woodworking machinery, wagons, trucks, wheelbarrows, railroad cars, matches, win- dow glass, glassware, silks, cash registers, grist- mill products, clothing, furniture, distilled liquors, pressed brick, fire brick, paving brick, drain tile, sewer pipe, and many other varieties of manufac- tured products, the result of being in the immediate vicinity of the raw material from which all these goods can be made. Besides the facilities for transportation 436 miles on the Ohio River, 230 miles of water frontage on Lake Erie, 100 miles of navigation on the Mus- kingum River, there are four canals in the interior of the state. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. Highest in Logan County, near the middle of the western half of the state, 1,337 feet. Climate. Average annual at Cleveland 45.87; Cincinnati, 51,37. Average January, Toledo, 20; Cincinnati, 33. July average, Toledo, 74; Cincinnati, 78. Extremes, Cincinnati, 105, and 17 below; To- ledo 102 and 16 below. Annual rainfall, Cincinnati, 39.9 inches; Toledo, 30.9 inches. Dimensions. Extreme length of the state north and south 205 miles. Extreme width east and west, 230 miles. Area 41,000 square miles. AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES IN OHIO. Among' interesting relics of a people that once lived in the Mississippi Valley and in Ohio, were the Mound Builders. Who they were, whence they came and when they disappeared nobody knows. Among these vestiges of a past age are numer- ous mounds in Ohio. One of them, is on the banks of the Little Miami River in Ohio, at Fort Hill, has a line of circumvallation nearly four miles in extent, varying in height, according to the natural strength of the point "protected, from 10 to 20 feet, and embracing an area of several hundred feet. At Newark, Ohio, they cover an area of more than two miles square, and probably comprise upward of 12 miles embankment from two to twenty feet in height. One of these, surveyed in 1846, on the banks of brush Creek, in Adams County, Ohio, is in the form of a serpent over 1,000 feet in length, extended in graceful curves and terminating in a triple coil at the tall. These mounds were evidently burial places, and to appease the gods various objects were deposited in the graves, evidences existing of religious cere- monies and altars being tound with the skeletons of those who had been buried. Evidently great difference of opinion existed as to suitable position for placing of the bodies of the dead. Sometimes the body was laid horizontally, sometimes bent double. Often a number of bodies were piled in a common grave. Frequently a mound covered a solitary skeleton, while in another the dead laid in large numbers. In manv districts incineration was the custom, and the ashes were collected and put in urns, some- times even in human skulls. 161 OKLAHOMA STATE AND THE 77 COUNTIES OF OKLAHOMA With Their Boundaries m^^^%^f^^^^^-iN>¥-- •^^:;^^^^^^^-^.^>.w^^ LOCATION AND TOPI LATION OF OKLAHOMA COUNTIES. Loca. County 1 Cimarron. 2 Texas. 3 Beaver. 4 Harper. 5 Woods. 6 Alfalfa. 7 Grant. 8 Kay. 9 Osage. 10... Washington. 11 Nowata. 12 Craig. 13 Ottana. 14 Ellis. 15... Woodward. 16 Ma.ior. 17 Garfield. 18 Noble. 19 Pawnee. 20 Tulsa. Pop. 4,553 .14,249 .13,631 8,189 ,17,567 .18,138 ,18,760 .26,999 .20,101 .17,484 .14,223 .17,404 .15,713 .15,375 .16,592 .15,248 . 33,050 .14,045 .17,332 .34,995 Lara. County Pop. 21 Rogers. 22 Mayes. 23 Delaware. 24. . . Roger Mills, 25 Dewey. 36 Custer. 27 Blaine. 28 Kingfisher. 29 Logan. 30 Payne. 31 Lincoln. 32 Creek. 33. ... . Okmulgee, 34 Wagoner 35 Muskogee 36 Cherokee, 37 Adair 38 Beckham 39 Washita 40 Caddo .17,936 .13,596 .11,469 .12,861 .14,132 .23,231 .17,960 .18,825 .31,740 .23,735 .34,779 .26,223 .21,115 .22,086 .52,745 .16,778 .10,535 .19,699 .25,034 . 35,685 Loca. County Pop. 41 Canadia. 42 Oklahoma. 43 Grady. 44 McClain. 45 Cleveland. 46. Pottawatomie. 47 Seminole. 48 Okfaskee. 49 Mcintosh. 50 Haskell. 51 Sequoyah. 52 Harmon. 53 Greer. 54 Kiowa. 55 Jackson . ,56 Swanson. 57 Tillman. 58 Comanche. 59 Stephens. 60 Garvin. .23,501 .85,233 . 30,309 .15,659 .18,843 .43,595 .19,964 .19,995 .20,961 .18,875 .25,005 .11,328 .16,449 .27.526 .23,737 '. 18,650 .41,489 .22,253 .26,545 Loca. County Pop. CI Pontotoc. .24,331 62 Hughes. .24,040 63 Coal.. 15,817 64 Pittsburg. .47,650 65 Latimer. .11,321 66 Le Flore. .29,127 67 Jefferson. .17,430 68 Carter. .25,358 69 Murray. .12,744 70 Johnston. .16,734 71 Atoka. .13,808 73 Love. .10,236 72.. Piashmataha. .10,718 74 Marshall. .11,619 75 Bryan. .29,854 76 Choctaw. .21,862 77 McCurtain. .20,681 Total 1,657,155 Oklahoma Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. *Ada .... Adair . . . Addington Afton . . . Agra .... Alabama Albion . . Alderson Alex .... Aline . . . Allen ... *Altus . . *Alva ... Amabala Ames . . . *Anadarko *Antlers Apache . *Arapaho .61. . 22'. .67. .13. .31. .48. . 66 . .64. .43. . .6. .61. .55. . .5. .48. .16. .40. .72. .40. .26. .4,349 . . 376 . . 493 .1,279 . . 366 . . 261 . . 209 . . 786 . . 224 . . 303 . . 645 .4,821 .3,688 . . 208 . . 290 .3,439 .1,273 . . 950 . . 713 Towns Lorn. Pup. ♦Ardmore Ark Arnett . . . Asher . . . . *Atoka . . , Augusta . . .68. .73. .14. .46. .71. ..6. .8,618 . . 202 . . 511 . . 381 .1,968 . . 490 *BartlesviIle . .10. 'Beaver 3. Bebee 61. Beggs 33. Bennington . . .75. Berwyn Bessie . . . Beulah . . Bigheart Billings . Binger . . Bismark 77. .68. .39. .38. . .9. .18. .40. .6,181 . . 326 . . 209 . . 855 . . 513 . . 378 . . 480 . . 265 . . 307 . . 524 . . 280 . . 560 Toicns Liira. Pop. Bison .... Bixby .... Blackburn Blackwell Blair Blanchard Bluejacket Bokchito . Bokoshe . Boley .... Boswell . . Boynton . Braggs . . Braman . . Bridgeport Bristow . . Brittlon. . . Broken Arro Bromide Brooken ..17. . .20. ..19. . . .8. ..55. ..44. . . 12 . . .75. . .66. . .48. . .76. . . 35 . . .35. 8. . .40. . . 32 . . .42. w . 20 . 70. .50. . . 290 . . 384 . . 335 .3,266 . . 508 , . 629 . . 508 . . 535 . . 483 .1,334 . . 828 . . 679 . . 259 . . 339 . . 428 . 1,667 , . 696 .1,576 '. '. 200 Loca. Pop. Buck 64.. . . 590 ♦Buffalo . . . 4.. . . 282 Bvars 44.. . . 487 Byron 6. . . . 286 Cache . . . Caddo . . . Calvin . . Cameron Campbell Canadian Caney . . . Canton Canute . . Capitol H Carbon . . Carmen . Carnegie Carney . . . . .58. . . .75. .66. .51. .64. .71. .27. .39. .42. .64. ..6. .40. .31. . . 317 .1,143 . . 570 . . 206 . . 316 . . 481 . . 295 . . 703 . . 250 .1,361 . . 590 . . 883 . . 835 . . 260 E.\planation : Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 162 Oklahoma Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations TowtiH Loca. Po)). Carrier 17. . . . 250 Cashioii 28. . . . 28!) Castle 48 294 Catoosa 21. . . . 404 Cement 40 770 Centrahoma . . .63. . . . 666 Centralia 13 387 Cestos 25 200 ♦Chandler 31... 3,024 Chant 50 883 Chattanooga . .58. . . . 471 Checotah 49. . .1,683 Chelsea 21... 1,350 •Cherokee 6... 2,016 ♦Cheyenne . . . .24. . . . 468 ♦Chickasha ... .43. .10,320 Chilocco 8. . . . 562 Choctaw 42.... 242 Choteau 22 483 ♦Claremore .. .21. . .3,866 Clarksville 34 388 Cleo 16 425 Cleveland 19... 1,310 Clinton 26. . .2,781 Ciolgate 63. . .3,255 Colbert 75. . . . 200 Collinsville ... .21 ... 1,324 Comanche 59... 1,301 Copan 10 307 ♦Cordell 39... 1,950 Cornish 67 . . . . 489 Coweta 34... 1,187 Cowlington ...66.... 378 Coyle 29 413 Craig 64. . . . 290 Crescent 29. . . . 903 Cross 8. . . . 220 Crowder 64 529 CuiTiberland . . .74. . . . 450 Cushing 30. . .1,072 Custer 36 854 D Dale 46. . . . 250 Davenport . . . .31 . . . . 394 Davidson 57 . . . . 361 Davis 69... 1,416 Dawson 30 330 Delaware 11.... 663 Depew 33. . .1,344 Devol 58 300 Dewey 10... 1,344 Dill 39 340 Dougherty 69 278 Dover 28. . . . 377 Dow 64. . . . 200 ♦Duncan 59. . .2,477 ♦Durant 75... 5,330 Durwood 68. . . . 225 Dustin 62 579 E Earl 70. . . . 225 Earlsboro 46 388 Edmond 42... 2,090 Eldorado 55 926 Elk Citv 38. . .3,165 Elmore City. . . .60. . . . 266 ♦El Reno 41. ..7,872 Emet 70 590 ♦Enid 17. .13,799 Enterprise . . . ..50. . . . 560 Erick 38. . . . 915 Erin Springs . .60. . . . 362 ♦Eufaula 49.. .1,307 F Fairfax 9 819 Fairland 13 569 ♦Fairview 16... 2,020 Fallis 31 248 Fargo 14 341 Faxon 58. . . . 315 Fay 25 280 Fitzhugh 61 260 Fletcher 58 374 Foraker 9. . . . 415 Fort Cobb 40 382 Fort Gibson .. .35. . .1,344 Fort Reno 41 550 Fort Sill 58. . .2,500 Fort Towson . .76. . . . 697 Foss 39 .525 Foyil 21 3.50 Francis 61 931 ♦Frederick 57... 3,027 G Gage 14 924 Gans 51 351 Garber 17 383 Tinvn.t Loci/. Pol). Garvin 77. . . . 957 Geary 37 . . . 1,453 Glencoe 30. . . . 373 Glei-pool 30... 1,509 Goltry 6 320 Gore 51 390 Gotebo 54. . . . 740 Grandfield 57. . . . 830 Granite 53. . .1,229 Grant 76. . . . 416 Grayson 49. . .1,086 ♦Grove 23 888 Guertie 63 . . . . 305 ♦Guthrie (capital) . . . .29. .11,654 ♦Guymon 2... 1,343 H Haileyville ... .64 .. .2,024 Harrah 42 . . . . 356 Hartshorne ... .64. . .2,963 Haskell 35. . . . 857 Hastings 67 727 Hattenville . . . .13. . . . 582 Haworth 77. . . . 200 Headrick 55. . . . 270 Heavener 66. . . . 780 Helena 6. . . . 760 Hennessey ... .28. .. 1,665 Henryetta ... .33. .. 1,671 Hickory 69. . . . 350 Hill 66 390 Hinton 40. . . . 686 Hitchcock 37.... 375 ♦Hobart 54. . .3,845 Hochatown . . . .77 . . . . 509 Hoffman 49 307 ♦Holdenville . ..63. . .3,396 ♦Hollis 52 964 Homestead . . . .37 . . . . 300 Hominy 9. . . . 760 Hooker 3. . . . 535 Howe 66 538 Hoyt 50 300 Hughart 50 690 *Hugo 76... 4,583 Hulbert 36 300 Hunter 17 341 Hydro 40 562 7 OICH.v Liicii. J'tip. ♦Idabel .77. . . 1,493 Illinois .51 . .. 390 Independence. . 26 .. 308 Indianola . . . .64, .. 481 Ingersoll .... . .6. . . 253 Inola .21. . . . 405 J Jefferson .... . .7. .. 281 Jenks .20. .. 290 .Tennings .... .19. . . 361 Johnson .... .44. .. 230 K Kanima .Rn. .. 208 Kansas .23. .. 220 Kaw . .8. .. 486 Kemp .75. .. 336 Kendrick . . . . .31 Kenefic .75. . . 260 Keota .50 . . 230 Keystone . . . . .19. . . 373 Kiefer .32. .1,197 Kildare ..8. .. 216 ♦Kingfisher . . .28. .2,538 Kingston .74. .. 439 Kinta ..50. .. 326 Kiowa .64. .1,021 Konawa .47. .. 761 Kosoma .73, .. 360 Krebs .64. .2,884 Kremlin .17. .. 353 I> Lahoma .17, .. 275 Lakemp . .3. .. 390 Lamar .62.. .. 360 Lamont ..7.. . . 635 Langston . . . . .29. .. 339 ♦Lawton ..58. .7,788 Lebanon .74. .. 202 Leflore .66.. . . 326 ♦Lehigh .63.. .1,880 Lenapah .11. . . 412 Lenora .25. .. 250 Lexington . . . . .45. . .. 768 Lincolnville . . .13.. .. 300 Lindsay .60.. .1,156 Loco .59.. . . 350 Lone Grove . . .68. Lone Wolf . . . .54. Longdale 27. Lookeba 40. Loveland 57. Lovell 29. Lowrey 36. Luther 42. Lutie 65. ♦McAlester 64. McCurtain . . . .50. McLoud 46. Mac Arthur . . .24. ♦Madill 74. Manchester ....7. ♦Mangum 53. Manitou 57. Mannsville ... .70. Maramec 19. Marble City . . .51. ♦Marietta 73. Mark 22. Marlow 59. Marshall 29. Maud 46. Maysville 60. Mead 75. ♦Medford 7. Meeker 31. ♦Miami 13. Midland 61. Midway 63. Millcreek 70. Minco 43. Mission Mines. .13. Moore 45. Mooreland ... .15. Morris 33. Morrison 18. Mounds 32. ♦Mountain Park 56. Mountain View.54. Moyers 72. Muldrow 51. Mulhall 29. ♦Muskogee . . . .35. Mutual 15. . . 677 . . 296 . . 217 . . 306 , . . 23(» . . 260 .. 310 . . 566 12,954 . . 526 , . . 638 . . 300 .1,564 . . 271 .3,667 . . 412 , .. 515 . . 224 . . 342 .1,546 . . 302 . 1,965 .. 480 .. 503 . . 476 . . 250 .1,110 .. 349 .2,907 .. 300 .. 396 . . 636 .. 706 .. 326 . . 225 .. 493 .. 387 . . 327 .. 701 .. 449 . . 855 .. 200 .. 671 .. 441 25,278 . . 364 N Nardin 8. . . . 277 Nashville 7. . . . 348 ♦Newkirk 8. . .1,993 Ninnekah 43. . . . 325 Noble 45 403 ♦Norman 45. . .3,724 ♦Nowata 11... 3,672 O Oakland 74 366 Oberlin 75 206 Oehelata 10.... 550 Okarche 41 402 Okeene 27. . . . 920 ♦Okemah 48... 1.389 ♦Oklahoma . . .43. .64,20.> ♦Okmulgee ... .33. . .4,176 Oktaha 35 324 Olustee 55 850 Oologah 21 .... 255 Orlando 29 340 Orr 73 222 Osage 9 665 Otoe 18 408 Qwasso 20 373 P Paden 48 419 Panama 66 310 Paoli 60 239 ♦Pauls A'alley. .60. ..3,689 ♦Pawhuska . . . .9. . .2,766 ♦Pawnee 19. . .2,161 Peggs 36 263 Perkins 30 603 ♦Perrv 18. . .3,133 Phillips 63. . . . 680 Piedmont 41 ... . 255 Pittsburg 64 .590 Ponca 8. . .2,521 Pond Creek 7. . .1,113 Pontotoc 70. . . . 299 Porter 34 637 Porum 35 548 ♦Potcau 66. ..1,830 Prague 31... 1,025 Preston 33. . . . 590 Price 47 508 J'uji. ♦Pry or . ♦Purcell Purdy . Quapaw Quay . . Quinlan Quinton .44. .60. .13. .19. .15. .64. .1,798 .2,740 . . 300 . . 350 . . 226 . . 355 .. 697 R Ralston Ramona Randlett Ravia Redfork Redoak Redrock Reevesville . . . Ren f row Rentiesville . . Ringwood . . . . Ripley Rocky Roff Roland Romulus Roosevelt . . . . Rush .Springs. ♦Ryan S Salina ♦Sallisaw . . . . Saltfork Sans Bois ♦Sapulpa Sasak wa Savanna ♦Sayre Scipio Selling Seminole Sentinel Shattuck Shawnee Short Skedee Skiatook Snyder Soper Sparks Spencer Spiro Springer Stanley Sterling Sterrett ♦Stigler ♦Stillwater . . . Stilwell .Stonewall . . . . Stratford Springtown . . Stroud Sugdon ♦Sulphur Sutter .19. .10. .58. .70. .20. .65. .18. .35. ..7. .49. .16. .30. .39. .61. .51. .46. ..56. .43. .67. .22. .51. ..7. .50. .32. .47. .64. .38. .64. '.47'. .39. .14. .46. .51. 597 .19. .20. .56. .76. .31. .42. .66. .68. .50. .30. 37. .61. .60. .71. .31. .67. .69. .66. ■ • C'2* . . 556 . . 350 . . 398 ..378 . . 306 . . 207 .. 411 ..271 . . 368 .. 378 . . 1,044 . . 228 . . 200 . . 298 . . 823 , . 1,207 . . 250 .2,479 , . . 226 . . 208 .8,283 ,..241 . . 266 .1,881 . . 306 , . . 353 , . . 476 , . . 857 .1,331 ,13,474 , . . 209 , . . 289 . . 606 .1,122 . . 233 . . 431 . . 233 .1,173 .. 330 • • -S" '.'. 575 .1..583 .3,444 .1,039 .. 494 .. 685 . . 260 .1,220 .. 321 .3,684 .. 350 T Taft 35 3.52 ♦Tahlequah .. .36. . .2,891 Talala 21 340 Talihina 66. . . . 491 ♦Taloga 25 468 Tamaha 50 498 ♦Tccumseh ... .46. . .1,621 Teller 70 206 Temple 58 853 Terral 67 573 Te.vhoma 2. . . . 372 Texola 38 361 Thomas 26. ..1,371 Tipton 57 441 ♦Tishomingo ..70... 1,408 Tonka wa 8. . .1,770 •Tulsa 20.. 18,182 Tupelo 63 387 Tushka 71 .S80 Tuttk- 43 794 V Valliant 77....f>.">6 Vera 10 313 Verdark 35 208 Verden 43. .. . 524 Vian 51 794 ♦Vinita 12... 4.083 Violet 46 291 Vireton 64 208 163 Oklahoma Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations To tens Luca. Pop. W •Wagoner 34. .4,018 Wainwright ...35. . . 250 Wakita 7. . . 405 Walter 58. .1,377 Wanette 46. . . 677 Wann 11. .. 286 Wapanucka ...70. . . 948 Warner 35. .. 291 ♦Watonga 27. .1,723 Towns Luca. Pop. . .17. .59. .44. , . .5. , .26. Waukomis . Waurika . . . Wayne Waynoka . . Weatherford Webbers Falls. 35. Welch 12. Weleetka 48. \Veston 31. West Tulsa. . . .20. . . 533 .2,928 . . 332 .1,160 .2,118 . . 380 . . 684 .1,229 . . 590 . . 306 Towns Loca. Pop. ♦Westville W^etumka . *Wewoka . Whitefield . *Wilburton Wild Cat.. Williams . . Wister . . . . W^oodville . Woodward .37 802 62. . .1,190 47. ..1,022 50 350 2,277 . 411 .65 , .49 .66 .66 .74 .15 . 400 . 498 . 389 2,696 Loca. Pop. Wyandotte . . . .13. . . . 255 Wybark 35 200 Wynne Wood. .60. . .2.002 Yale Yeager . . Yukon . , Y 30 685 62 231 41. . .1,018 OKLAHOMA A young State celebrated a few years ago from the rush of people who camped on its borders to be in readiness to occupy its lands as soon as opened for settlement. Our readers will remember the excitement created a few years ago when territory forming a part of Oklahoma was opened to the public and those so fortunate as to possess a lucky ticket in a lottery drawing could go into the new land and take up a government claim on government land conditions. DID NOT KNOW OF OTHER OPPORTUNITIES. Those individuals who camped there for days wait- ing for permission to get onto the newly opened land, and those who struggled to get a farm on homestead terms there and did not succeed, evi- dently did not know that thousands of acres of irrigated fertile lands were waiting for their com- ing at many points outside of Oklahoma in the Great West. They did not know of the tens of thousands of fertile cheap lands in the Great South, where two or three crops a year can be grown on the same land. They did not know of the hun- dreds of cheap farms that are offered in New Eng- land — farms of 50, 100 and 200 acres, well located, that are offered at prices far below what the build- ings alone on these farms would cost. They did not know what opportunities existed for getting cheap lands on every hand, as shown in this "Guide for Land Seekers," and hence the struggle to get possession of Oklahoma lands. In this we are not saying one word against Okla- homa. On the contrary, investigation of the pos- sibilities and actualities of this region shows that the State is all that it was anticipated to be. But what we would empliasize right here is that after a scramble of that kind there always will be abundance of opportunities left. Let the land seeker bide liis time. In one or two years after farms have been taken and are improved large quantities of these lands will come into the market for sale. Deaths, removals and disappointments will work their changes and great numbers of these pioneers will be willing and anxious to "sell out" at a less price than even the improvements have cost. Oklahoma properties are perhaps an exception to that rule. The soil here has been found to be very fertile and adapted to the growth of a great variety of products, ranging all the way from apples to peanuts, from cotton to broom corn, from melons to strawberries. In fact, agriculture is proving so profitable as to make less anxiety to sell than is found in many states. Yet with prosperous condi- tions existing throughout the State, our review of different counties shows that farm lands can be obtained at very reasonable prices. GREATLY IN FAVOR OF OKLAHO^IA. First, greatly in behalf of Oklahoma is a very favorable climate. It is situated far enough south to escape the long winters of the north, and far enough north to escape the fevers and malaria of many southern sections. She is far enough north to escape the enervating effect of a fruitless climate without being far enough to necessitate expensive preparations for winter. While the snows of winter sometimes fall here they are but of short duration and seldom make extra care of stock necessary. ExTDerience of several years' settlement has proved that the greater portion of Oklahoma is well within the rain belt or safe crop region and that all east of Beacon County can be depended upon for wheat, oats, cotton, vegetables, alfalfa and the various for- age crops. Experience has proven that crops in Oklahoma are as certain and more profitable and prolific than in many of the older sections of the country. Storms are no more common here than in other central states, while periods of great drouth are much more disastrous in the valley of the Mississippi than on the prairies of this State. OILLAHOaiA FOR HEALTH. As for healthfulness it would be hard to find a better climate than that of Oklahoma. The eleva- tion is great enough to preclude the fevers and malarias of the lowlands, while the purity of the atmosphere insures strong lungs and healthy cir- culation. The breezes of the prairie disperse the microbes of disease and keep the air healthful and invigorating, while tlie sunsliine plays an important part. As the elevation is more or less associated and connected with the climate it is well to give the elevation or altitude of some of the leading points in the territory. Thus the altitude of Oklahoma City is 1,200 feet above sea level; Chandler, 900; Guthrie, 932; Lawton, 1,250; Enid, 1,244; Hobart, 1,.'52S; Shawnee, 1,04.5; Arapaho, 1,560; Perry, 871, and Wichita Mountains, 3,000. Oklahoma has a variety of soils, but it all appears to be productive. In some localities the deep black loam prevails, while in others the color is a rich brown or reddish hue. In some places there is a considerable proportion of sand and in others a gumbo formation like some of the rich lands of Illinois. The bottom lands are more generally black and on the uplands the red or mulatto soil prevails. Tlie red soil of the uplands is excellent for wheat and other small grains and grasses, but not so good for corn as the black land. However, with all the varieties of soil they are all good and there is but a small portion of the State that is not smooth enough and productive enough for profitable culti- vation. VARIED ENOUGH TO SUIT ANY TASTE. The surface of the country is sufficiently diversi- fied to suit all tastes. The whole area gently slopes toward the east, in which direction the streams generally run. While several large rivers cross the territory, these are fed by numerous brooks and small affluents which give every section an abundance of running water. Springs abound in some regions and well water can be obtained by digging to a moderate depth. While a very large per cent of Oklahoma is a level or gently rolling prairie country, there are also some large areas of timber and here and there a range of hills. Much of the eastern portion of the State is covered with a fair growth of timber, while the central and western portions are more generally prairie. As a rule, the river banks are not bordered with bluffs, as in some States, and the land is tillable to the edge of the streams. In the western portion some of the streams are bor- dered by sand hills that look as though they may have been beds of streams in times past. A few rocky hills may be found but they are scarce. In the southwestern part of the State are found the Wichita Mountains, an irregular range of rugged hills, extending from east to west about sixty miles, and about half that from north to south. In that vicinity, but detached from the range, there are numerous isolated, rugged hills, on the otherwise level prairie, adding to the pic- turesqueness of the scene. Portions of the Wichita range reach a height of 2,000 feet above the level of the surrounding country. They are probably a detached spur of the Rocky Mountains. In this mountain range there are many beautiful valleys, natural parks, sparkling streams and flowing springs. MUCH HEAVY TEMBER. While mainly a prairie country, there are cer- tain portions of the State heavily timbered, prin- cipally with hardwoods. In a few years the rapidly growing trees in cultivated groves will solve the fuel problem on the prairie farms, where hedges and windbreaks are found on every hand. 164 Oklahoma Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises OKLAHOMA A YOUNG STATE. We must remember that Oklahoma is young yet, but enough has been discovered to show that it is rich in undeveloped resources in the form of min- erals, stone, gas, oil and salt. Here is asphalt needed for streets, but it takes capital and labor to prepare it for market. Cement is in demand all over the country, and the raw material is here in abundance. Vast deposits of petroleum are waiting for the refiner to prepare it for everyday use. Thousands of bales of cotton are annually shipped from the State to be made into fabrics which should be made here. But space is too limited to tell what should and may he done here. People have been so busy in m-iking money from the staple crops that they have not had time to look beneath the soil, to develop oiher enterprises which in time will be found sources of great profit. We regret that lack of space prevents our pres- entation more fully of Oklahoma's agricultural con- ditions and manufacturing possibilities, and content ourselves with brief mention of some of the counties. ATTRACTIONS OF VARIOUS COUNTIES. Pottowatomie County is becoming noted as a ootton raising section, while wheat and corn flourish with equal success. The peacli takes naturally to the soil and climate here, though apples and straw- berries are grown with great success. Shawnee, one of the young cities in this county which had a population of 3(Kt in 1895, and 3,462 in 1000, re- ported 17,300 inhabitants in lUOiS, with three daily and five weekly papers, and that over 400 business houses and residences were constructed in the single twelve months of 1903. Of agricultural productions nearly 1,000 carloads of potatoes, which ripen very- early in this section, were shipped out of the county during May and June, 1904, the prices ranging from 60 to 70 cents per bushel on the ground. WHAT HAS BEEN IN THE PAST. Woods County in the northwestern part of the territory is another sample county, having, besides a fertile soil, plenty of timber, with salt, gypsum, coal and fine building stone, found in the county, but none of them yet extensively developed. Recent transfers here show the selling price of farm lands to range from $2 to $4 per acre. Grant County lands lying in the middle of the northern part of Oklahoma are selling at prices varying from .$15 to $37.50 per acre. The farmers in this section give their attention to wheat, corn, castor beans and cattle. The raising of cattle and hogs has proved profit- able. The winter wheat fields are used for pastur- ing and curiously to the seeming betterment of the wheat. The chief manufacturing industry in the county is the making of flour. There are large salt plains here capable of profitable development. Farm lands in other counties are selling at fol- lowing prices: Garfield County, from $13 to $33.75 per acre. Average price, $23 per acre. Noble County, $2.50 per acre up. Blaine County, prices range firm, $6.25 to $28. Average price of farm lands, $11.74. Kingfisher Count.v, average $18.61 per acre. I.,ogan County, $25 to $42.75 per acre. Caddo County, $10 to $53. Average, $20.70 an acre. Kiowa County, $6..50 to $25.70. Average $15.31. Greer County, $6 to $30. Average, $12. Comanche County, $7.75 to $23.50. Average $13.95. Beaver County, $2.18 to $2.s.l2. Average. $0.21. Roger Mills County, $4 up. Average, $11.11. The average annual rainfall determines prices a little; thus, the rainfall in Beaver Co. is 22 inches, in Pottawatomie Co. it is 32.98, in Woods Co. 27.40 inches, Garfield Co. 29.46 inches, Noble Co. 32.45 inches, Blaine Co. 28 inches. Kingfisher Co. 30 inches, etc., etc. The average annual temperature varies slightly from 60.1 in Pottawatomie Co. to 56.2 in Beaver Co. Extremes of temperature we give elsewhere. CONDENSED IMPORT.\NT FACTS RELATING TO OKL.A.HOMA. Altitude. — Highest. Wichita Mountains, Comanche Co., 2.536 feet. Climate. — Average January temperature at Fort Sill, Comanche Co., 33. July, 82. Extremes: warmest. 107; coldest, !) below. Annual rainfall, 31.2 inches. Dimensions. — Extreme length north and south, 210 miles. Extreme breadth, east and west, 365 miles. Area of state, 39,(i30 square miles. History. — Originally a part of the Louisiana pur- chase in 1803. Treaty rights of the Indians bought by U. S. in 1886. Thrown open to settlement in 18S9, at which time, at the signal of a pistol shot tens of thousands of people who had camped for days on the borders of this new land rushed into file claims on the new government land. Organized as a territory in 1890. No Man's Land, including Beaver County, added in 1890. The counties of Blaine, Day, Dewey, Washita, Custer and western portions of Canadian and Kingfisher Counties added in 1892. The Cherokee Strip, including the coun- ties of Kay, Grant, Woods, Garfield, Woodward, Noble and Pawnee, opened to the public by another rush 1893. Greer County, taken from Texas and added to Oklahoma by a decree of the Supreme Court 1896. The Kiowa, Comanche, .Apache ami Wichita Indian reservations opened to white settle- ment by a lottery drawing in which 176.000 persons participated in 1901. Another large area to be opened to white settlement is the Osage reserva- tion in the northwestern corner of the territory. AGRICULTURAL ITEMS REL.4TING TO OKL.4HOMA Taxes in Oklahoma are not high, and are de- creasing. In its clay beds Oklahoma has one of its most valuable resources. As a region adapted to successful fruit growing Oklahoma offers attractions peculiarly its own. Still another special line of industry with the brightest of prospects for the settler in Oklahoma is poultry raising. The flouring-mill industry of Oklahoma has al- ready attained sufficient proportions to give it rank as an important factor. Angora goats thrive in Oklahoma, and the raising of them will undoubtedly become a settled industry. Inexhaustible deposits of gypsum, from which plaster, cement, and fertilizers are manufactured are widely scattered throughout the Territory. Wild plums grow in greater profusion and variety in Oklahoma than anywhere else in the Union, and the cultivated varieties also succeed. Plum growing is an industry capable of great development. Cher- ries are profitably grown for shipment. The corn crops in the eastern and southern halves of Oklahoma have been a success from the start. In Canadian county ears of corn 14 inches in length and 10 inches in circumference were plucked at a height of eight feet from the ground. There are still vast tracts of public land in Oklahoma — subject to homestead entry, which offer golden opportunities to the settler. The largest areas yet vacant are in the northwestern portion of the Territory — in particular Beaver county. Sweet potatoes are excellently adapted to suc- cessful cultivation in the sandstone soils of eastern Oklahoma when these are cleared of timber. The rainfall of Oklahoma, averaging annually about 31 inches, is not only adequate, but plentiful for the successful production of all crops. Oil and natural gas were discovered in 1900 at the western end of the Wichita mountain range, and since that in several other locations. There is no more favored region than Oklahoma in the world for the raising of durum (hardi wheat, more commonly known as "macaroni" wheat. In 1904, according to the Governor's report, there were 2.095,427 acres of vacant land in Oklahoma. of which 1,838,030 acres were located in Beaver county. In every county in Oklahoma sheep raising Is car- ried on more or less extensively. More than one- third of the total number of sheep in the Terri- tory, however, are found in Beaver county. In the granite fields of Greer county, at the town of Granite, there are exposed above grouml beds of the very best quality of red granite suffi- cient to supply the world for years to come. The cotton-growing industry is largely confined to the counties of the central and southeastern parts of the Territory: it is also being grown with success in the southwestern counties. Since 1900 the output of the flour mills of Okla- homa has been enormous. Oklahoma flour is ship- ped to Canada on the north and the Gulf States on the south, and vast quantities are exported ovei-sea. 165 OREGON STATE AND THE 34 COUNTIES OF OREGON With Their Boundaries ^ L r @ ^ [M fl /®i :me¥/^ 0/4 i orI^con LOCATION AND 1910 POPl LATION OF OREGON COl NTIES Loca Ciiiinfii ... Clatsops. Columbia. . Tillamook. Washington . Multnomah. Hood Hiver. Wasco . .. Sherman. Gillian. Pop. . 16,106 . 10.580 . 6,266 . 21.522 .226.261 . 8,016 . 16,830 . 4,242 3,701 Loca. County Pop. Loca. Count 1/ Pop. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 10... 11... 12... 13. .. 14. . 15. . . . . . Morrow . . . Umatilla. I'nion . . . Wallowa. .. Yamhill. Polk. 4,757 20,309 16,191 8,364 18,285 14,469 89,780 29,931 5,587 19 10 . . . 21... 22 23 24 25 26 27 ... . . . Benton. Linn . ... Crook. . Wheeler. Grant. . . . Baker. Lane. Coos. . . Doug-las. 10,663 22,662 9.315 2,484 5,607 18,076 7.. S.. 9. . 16... 17. .. 18. . . . . . Marion . Clackamas. . . . Lincoln . 33.783 17,9.59 19,674 Loca. Couiiti/ 28 Curry. 29.... Josephine.. 30 Jackson . , 31 Klamath., 32 Lake. , 33 Harney. , 34 Malheur. . Pop. 2,044 9,567 25.765 8,554 4.658 4,059 8.601 Toial 672,765 Cities and Villages of Oregon with 1910 Populations Loch. J'ap- Adams 11. * Albany 30. Amity 14. Armitage 25. Ashland 30. *Astoria 1. Athena 11. B ♦Baker 24. Bandon 26. Banks 4. Bay City 3. Beaverton 4 . . . 205 .4,275 . . 407 . . 317 .5,021 .9,599 . . 586 .6,742 .1,803 . . 299 . 281 . . 386 Towns Loca. Pop. Bend 21. Bridge 26. Brownsville ...20. *Burns 33. 536 200 919 904 260 C Canby 17. ♦Canyon City.. 23. Carlton 14. Carson 24. Cascade Locks. .6. Central Point. .30. Chemawa 16. Clatskanie 2 . 587 364 386 208 275 761 .599 747 roiCH.s- Loca . Pop. Coburg .... . ..25 ... 613 ♦Condon . . 9 ..1,004 Copperfield ... 24 ... 251 ♦Coquille . . . ..26 ..1,398 Cornelius . . 4 ... 450 ♦Corvallis . ...19 ..4,552 Cottage Gro\ e . .25 ..1,834 Cove ...13 ... 433 Creswell . . ] . ..35 D ... 369 ♦Dallas . . . .. .15 ..2,124 Dalles City. 7 ..4,880 Dayton .... ...14 . . . 452 Drain ...27 ... 335 Toicn.'i Loca. Pop. Dufur . . . . . . 523 Dundee . . 14.. .. 260 Eastside Echo .. Elgin .. ♦Enterprise Estacada . ♦Eugene . Fairview . Falls City Florence . Forest Grove .26. .11. .13. .13. .17. .35. .26. .15. .35. . .4. . . 252 . . 430 .1,121 .1,242 . . 405 .9,009 . . 204 . . 969 . . 311 .1,772 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column. Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Nuinber of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates Coimty Seat. 166 Cities and Villages of Oregon with 1910 Populations Towns Locd. ]' to March 1.", during the greater part of which time rain falls copiously. On the imme- diate coast the precipitation varies from TO.t Indus, at Gold Beach, in the extreme southwestern part nf the state, to 81.96 at Fort Stevens, at the mouth of the Columbia; from fifty-five to sixty-si.x inches at different points in the Willamette Valley; in eastern Oregon from 75.73 inches, at the Cascade locks, in the gorge of the Columbia, to 9. SI inches at Uma- tilla; and from fourteen to seventeen inches in the highlands of Lake County, adjoining the CaliforniM line. 16; Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises OREGON Oregon's Natural Advantages, Healthful Climate and Free Land — A Chance for the City Man to Get Back to the Land. Fruit Growing, Wlieat and General Farming, Stock Raising, Bee Culture, Poultry Raising, Dairying, Lumbering, Fishing, Mining. Irrigation and "Dry Farming." From a railroad bulletin we condense the following: Ever since Lewis and Clark made their famous expedition to the great Northwest — over one hun- dred years ago — thereby adding territory to our do- minions, Oregon has had a magnetic fascination for the conservative Easterner. Rich in opportunity for the farmer, the stockman, the fruit-grower, the mer- chant and the business man; blessed with fertile plains and forested hills filled with precious metals; resplendent in natural scenery which makes it at- tractive to the tourist and sightseer, Oregon today offers far m.ore and better opportunities in the twen- tieth century than in the days of old when the only way to reach her fertile fields was by months of tedious travel in the picturesque praiiie schooner. The history of Oregon has been one of endeavor and achievement — the result of the work of her broad-gauged, public-spirited citizens who, through their co-operative efforts, have made Oregon known the world over. Torn into two dissimilar parts by physical barriers prior to 1909, the state of Oregon today stands united and presents the golden face of opportunity to the landless man east of the Rocky Mountains. Blood may be thicker than water, but there is no tie so strong as the steel ribbons of modern transporta- tion which unite vast empires and bring widely- separated people and their products together. Cen- tral or Eastern Oregon, by stage or ox-cart, was formerly a wearisome seven days' journey from Portland, a longer distance in actual time and con- venience than from Chicago to Portland and return by train. Central Oregon had no railroads. LAND ENOUGH FOR A NEW STATE. Not so long ago the people of South Central Ore- gon talked of forming a new state with the people of the northern portion of California, largely because of the lack of modern transportation facilities. They were isolated from the rest of Oregon by jagged mountain ranges and swift rivers. Their neighbor, California, seemed nearer, as climate and crop con- ditions were similar. COMING OF THE OREGON TRUNK RAILWAY. That was yesterday. The new state idea, with yesterday, has passed away. Today, the Oregon Trunk Railway, a modern broad-gauge line, has been rapidly built from Clark, Washington, across the Co- lumbia River and up the Deschutes Valley through the very heart of Central Oregon, and is extending its tracks every hour. The Oregon Trunk Railway (through the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Rail- way, one of the affiliated connections of the Great Northern Railway) is now connecting Central Ore- gon with Portland and the world's markets. Central Oregon will be but seven hours from Portland in- stead of seven days. The seemingly impassable barrier formed by the Cascades and other high neighboring mountain ranges has been overcome. Central Oregon — the newer, larger portion of the state — is now knit fast forever to Pacific Coast Oregon — the older and better settled part— with Portland and Astoria as ocean ports. The world's markets are waiting eagerly for Cen- tral Ore.gon's wheat and grain. Western Oregon's fruits are widely known, and have made the word Oregon standard for high quality throughout the world. Today — and this is the twentieth century, when even the United States is getting overcrowded and old — Western Oregon has only been cultivated intensively in spots. Southwestern Oregon is just coming into its own. Northwestern Oregon's dairy products will astonish the country. Not only has Central Oregon — a territory larger than the state of New York — been opened to the land-hungry world, but whole counties in North- western Oregon, like Tillamook, are having electric lines run to and through them, hooking them up with larger commercial centers. All through Oregon new lines of standard steam and electric transpor- tation a.re being built. OREGON NEEDS YOU. Oregon offers an honest opportunity to the sincere man, and is a good place to live. No nian need ever move out of Oregon to go to a better place. The climatic, agricultural, educational, religious, social and business advantages are too abundant. Throughout, Oregon is an attractive country. It has over three hundred miles of coast line on the Pacific Ocean, and mountains, rivers and waterfalls, which add charm to the landscape and also furnish power for industries. Business in Oregon is built on the natural re- sources and productive ability of the country; not on speculation. Any legitimate business in Oregon is good, but the business of agriculture is perhaps the best business for a man of ordinary means. Agri- culture is the basis of all wealth. A man might perhaps get along without clothes — but he must eat. Oregon's soil produces good things to eat — so good, that the world pays top prices for the privilege of eating them. Oregon's forests produce timber for houses, factories and ships. Oregon's soil produces grain and forage crops and grasses, which feed thou- sands of sheep and cattle. Horses, especially blooded, heavy-draft horses, are raised profitably. Hog raising will line the farmers' pockets. Dairy- ing, poultry raising and bee culture are in their in- fancy. Oregon makes no pretense of being able to raise everything under the sun on the same acre, but enough of five or ten different crops can be raised on one farm to make the business of farming well worth while. Excepting the most favored fruit soils where, of course, the orchard is the main thing and the land too valuable, stock raising or dairying, and generally both, can be profitably undertaken on almost any arable land in Oregon. Oregon's future is bright indeed. OREGON'S LOCATION AND LAND AREA. By states. Washington forms the northern border, California and Nevada the southern, and Idaho the eastern border. The Pacific Ocean is the western boundary. Originally, Oregon's territory embraced what are now four large states; Washington, the lower part of British Columbia, Idaho, and the present state of Oregon. FREE GOVERNMENT LANDS. Oregon state is the seventh in size in the Union, having an area in square miles of 94,560; has an average width east and west of 360 miles, and an average length north and south of 260 miles, with a land area of practically 62,000,000 acres. Of this area, 17,580,573 acres is free government land, and 500,000 acres is state school land. All the 320-acre free homesteads, and most of the 160-acre free homesteads, are located in Central and Southeastern Oregon, and are chiefly in the counties of Crook, Klamath, Lake and Harney. In round numbers the acreage of the 320-acre units not filed on June 20, 1910, in Central Oregon, was 11.000,000, but, of course, new entries are being made every day. Of the total amount of 17,580,573 acres, 13,463,- 734 are surveyed, but the unsurveyed land can be had by locating and settlement and complying with the simple conditions demanded by the United States Government after the land is surveyed. Of these 17,580,573 acres, however, about 11,600,000 are agri- cultural and grazing lands; the rest are timbered, , mountainous or desert land requiring irrigation. When a man talks glibly of a million acres of land, even if it is all arable, stop and figure it out. It won't last forever. One inillion acres, divided into 320-acre sections, makes 3,125 farms, or 6,250 farms of 160 acres each. These Central Oregon homestead lands will raise tremendous crops of wheat, grains, alfalfa, grasses and hardy root crops. They are not by any means all goneT but they are going fast, and once they pass into private owner- ship, there is no more free land with which to re- place them. STATE SCHOOL LAND. There are approximately 500.000 acres of state school land in Oregon; most of it is located in Central Oregon. This land may be purchased by any citizen of the United States over eighteen years of age for not less than .$7.50 an acre, on time. Not more than 320 acres can be purchased by any one person, but the land need not be all together. There is good state land not far from the Oregon Trunk Railway. 168 Oregon Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises In the extent of its agricultural, mineral and for- est resources, Oregon ranks very high, yet its pos- sibilities for development iiave been only partially realized. The state is largely devoted to agriculture, the western part of the state, especially the Willa- mette, Umpqua and Rogue River valleys, having the highest cultivated farming lands. On the other hand, eastern Oregon, which has a very fertile vol- canic soil, extensive areas of which, in the north- eastern part of the state, are devoted to the raising of the cereals, mostly wheat, without irrigation, and where the land is too arid for the raising of crops without irrigation, is devoted to stack grazing. VEGETABLE AND CEREAL CROPS. The principal farm crops are wheat, hay and forage, oats and potatoes, cereals assorted and green fruits. Wheat in 1000 brought in Oregon 54 cents a bushel, hay and forage about $5.50 per ton, oats about 31 cents a bushel and potatoes 32 cents a bushel. In 1902 wheat brought 52 cents a bushel, and thus prices are liable to tiuctuate, but the abso- lute certainty of large crops and their average prices relieves the farmer of anxiety in western Oregon, while in the eastern part of the state, even without the heavy rainfall, farmers are getting better re- turns from their lands by l^nowing how to cultivate the soil. Added to this the government and pri- vate companies are arranging to bring to the farms a sufficient water supply. Already the total irri- gated area, as far back as 1000, in the state was 3SS.310 acres, and government surveys have been made for irrigating 60,000 acres in Umatilla county and 90.000 acres in Malheur county. The mineral resources of the state comprise all the different metals, the value of the output in one of the recent average years being, gold, $1,640,- 700; silver (coinage value), $140,204; coal, $220,000; borax, $100,000; and stone, $21,603. The value of gold output was increased in the next year to $6,740,000. There are several mining districts in the Cascades, in southern and western Oregon, but the richest mineral belts seem to be the three min- eral zones of eastern Oregon, which are perhaps as large as any on the American continent. One of these lies partly within the state of Idaho ana fringes the eastern boundary of Union. Baker and Malheur counties, and is from ten to twenty miles in width. Another zone begins at the Eagle Moun- tains, northeast of Baker City, is about fifteen miles in width, and extends in a southwesterly direction a distance of about sixty-five miles. The third zone has the same general direction, begins in the Elk- horn Mountains, is about twenty miles wide, and extends a distance of 100 miles. The principal dis- tricts in eastern Oregon are in these zones, tribu- tary to Baker City and Sumpter. THE TIMBER REGIONS. The great natural resource of Oregon is its timber, which is located largely on the west side of the Cascade Mountains, where the rainfall is the great- est and the climate mild. The manufacture of this timber into lumber leads all other industries in the value of its output, which in 1000 amounted to $10,- 352.167. Large tracts of timber stand in the Rogue river and Umpqua valleys, and along the Coast range and the Cascades to the Columbia river, as well as a fine body on the east side of the Cascades, at the head of the Des Chutes river, and several other points on the eastern slope of the Cascades, and in the Blue Mountains in the northeastern part. The estimated standing timber is 225.000,000,000 feet, of which 150.000.000.000 consists of fir. The damage by Are, the indiscriminate waste, and the need of reservoir sites, has induced the government to set aside forest reserves, and 4,500,000 acres along the higher Cascades now constitute the re- serves for this state. From our general description of states the I'eader will see where government land is yet open for homesteading, but for persons interested in Oregon it is well to get the best and latest railroad maps of the state and then go through to central points and investigate. Examination will show that the interior of the state is yet without much railroad transportation, and with new" lines established the lands in those sections must rapidl.v increase in value. This may be Judged from the fact that in Baker county farm land is worth from $20 to .?40 an acre, in Vernon county from .fSO to .'^40 per acre, in Wallowa county from ,$8 to $10 per acre. DIFFERENT PRICES OF LAND. In Umatilla county improved land brings from $10 to $40 per acre "and stock range land .$1 to .$5 per acre. Wheat land in Morrow county ranges from $6 to $15 per acre, while in Linn county, in the Willamette valley, improver! prairie can be had for $30 an acre and in the foothills at $5. Land seekers should look up the probable opening up of new seaports on the Oregon coast, such as Coos Bay and other points in that state facing on the Pacific ocean. RAILROADS WHICH SERVE CENTRAL OREGON. The Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway, pop- ularly known as the North Bank Road, was built from Portland to Spokane and completed in 1000. The North Bank Road not only connects with the Oregon Trunk Railway (Central Oregon's latest agent of development), but also furnishes the Great Northern Railway with a short line from Spokane to Portland. Portland and Astoria are the two important ocean ports of Oregon. Astoria is at the mouth of the Columbia, at the ocean's edge, and is connected by Walter grade with Central Oregon via the Astoria and Columbia River Railroad; the North Bank Road (S. P. & S. Ry.) and the Oregon Trunk Railway. These three railroads, in connection with the Great Northern Railway, will give Central Oregon not only local and interstate transportation, but transconti- nental and international connections, both rail and ocean. These roads are all broad-gauge, standard railroads. Through merchandise package cars are run from Portland and other commercial centers to St. Paul, Minneapolis, Chicago, and other large cities in the East. In the Pacific Northwest special fast fruit trains have been run from fruit-growing sections direct to Eastern markets, and the Great Northern Railway endeavors to help the farmer and fruit-grower mar- ket their products to the best advantage by furnish- ing them such transportation facilities as the growth and development of the community warrant. No state, happy in a fine climate and a fertile soil, has ever waited long for settlers after the rail- roads came. The people of Oregon are fully alive to their good fortune and have a keen appreciation of the possibilities of their state. Newcomers are wel- comed — for they want and need you in working out their destiny. MILIT.\RY-ROAD-GRANT LANDS. One of the greatest obstacles to the development of a large portion of Oregon has been removed, now that what is known as the Military-Road-Grant Lands have been purchased from the French syndi- cate and put on the inarket in small tracts. There are 800,000 acres of this land now for sale in Central Oregon, which can be purchased in small tracts, if desired. Originally, the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Read Corporation built a military and wagon highway from Santiam Pass across the Cas- cade Range and through Central Oregon in an easterly direction. After this road was built and land grants obtained, various sj-ndicates and corpo- rations repurchased the grants, which were finally secured by the Oregon and Western Colonization Company, of St. Paul, Minn., which is capitalized at $12,000,000. This company has for sale 800,000 acres of land in Crook, Harney and Malheur Coun- ties, which were carefully selected on account of their more than average fertility. The grants al- lowed the old company to take their pick of the sections along the road. This Central Oregon land is most suitable for wheat and grain-raising, cattle, horse, sheep and hog raising. A special l)noklet de- scribing these lands will be sent free on request. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS REL.\TING TO THE STATE. -Vltitude. Highest, Mount Hood, in the Cascade Mountains, in Clackamos County, 11,934 feet; Mount Jefferson, 10,200 feet. Climate. Varies with localities and elevations. "W^est of the Cascade Mountains, heavy winter rain- fall. Average July temperature 67 at Portland; January temperature, 30 above; extreme, 2 below; highest, 102; at Umatilla, Umatilla County, average January, 32; Julv, 73; extreme, highest, 110; lowest, 24 below; yearly rainfall 9.7 inches; yearly rainfall at Portland, 46.8 inches. Dimensions. Extreme length, north and south, 200 miles; extreme width, east and west. 375 miles. Area of state, 06,030 square miles. Columbia river on north side of Oregon extends 300 miles. Port- land located on Willamette river, twelve miles from its junction with the Columbia and 110 miles from the ocean. , . ^ Histor.v. Visited by Drake in 1.558; mouth of Co- lumbia River explored by Captain Gray, 1702; visited bv Lewis and Clarke, 1S04-5; trading post founded at \storia, 1811; Oregon Territory, includmg pres- ent states of Washington and Idaho, organized 1S4S. Admitted to Union 1S59. 169 PENNSYLVANIA STATE AND THE 67 COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA With Their Boundaries 17 "^^.-/ 35 r V~ 50 ^_\.. /' ^'1 "y /K "^ / 53 ' 54 / 55 / SG 1 „ ' S9 ' '■!:LMmMmim'':":.^^"'^ J^v/'^^'^-^^f -vS^r^ ^o,^v]m. '^"b^'^^ "' i LOCATION AND 1910 POPULATION OF PENNSYLVANIA COUNTIES. Loca. County Pop. Loca. 1 Erie. . 2. . . Crawford. . 3. . . . Warren . . 4. . . . McKean. . 5 Potter. . 6 Tioga. . 7. . . Bradford. . 8 Susquehanna. . 9 Wayne. . 10 Mercer. . 11 ... . Venango. . 12. . . . Clarion. . 13 Forest. . 14 Elk. . 15. . . Cameron . . 16 Clinton.. 17 . . Lycoming. . 18. . . . Sullivan . . 115,517 61,565 39,573 47,868 29,729 43,829 54,526 37,716 29,236 77,699 56,359 36,638 9,435 35,871 7,644 31,545 80,813 11,293 County Pop. \ Loca 19. . . Wyoming. , 20 Lackawanna. . 21. . . Lawrence. . 22 Butler. . 23. . Armstrong 24. . . Jefferson . . 25... Clearfield.. 26 Center. . 27 Union.. 28. Northumber- land. . 29. . .. Montour. . 30... Columbia.. 31 ... . Luzerne. . 32 Carbon.. 33 Monroe. , 34 Pike.. 35. . . . Beaver. , 15,509 259,570 70,032 72,689 67,880 63,090 93,768 43,724 16,249 111.420 14,868 48,467 343,180 52,856 22,941 29,729 78,353 County Pop. Luca, 36.. Allegheny. 37. ..Westmore- land. 38. . . . Indiana. 39. . . Cambria. 40 Blair. 41. Huntingdon. 42 Mifflin. 43. . . . Juniata . 44 Snyder. 45 Perry. 46. . . Dauphin . 47.. Schuvlkill. 48 Lehigh. 49 Nor^haniDton . 50. . .Washing- ton . 51 Greene. .1,018,463 , 231,304 66,210 166,131 108,858 38,304 27,785 15.013 16,800 24,136 136,152 207,894 188,832 . 127,667 143,680 28,882 County Pop. 52.... Fayette. 53. . . Sonierset 54. . . . Bedford. 55 Fulton. 56. . . . Franklin. 57. Cumberland. 58 Adams. 59 York . 60. . . . I.,ebanon. 61 . . Lancaster. 62 Berks. 63 Chester. 64. . . Delaware. 65 Montgomery. 66 Bucks. 67 Philadelphia. Total . 167,449 . 67,717 38.879 9,703 59,775 54,479 34,319 . 136,405 .59.565 . 167,029 . 183.222 . 109,213 . 117,906 . 169..590 . 76,530 .1,549,008 .7,665,111 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Toivng Loca. Pop. Toivns Adelaide .... Loca. .,52. Pop. . . 526 Town.i Aliens Mills. Loca. . ..24. Pop. . . . 202 Toxcnn Loca. Pop. A Ambler . . . . ...65. .2,649 Aaronsburg . . .26. . . 309 Adrian Mines ..24. . . 209 Allensville . . . .42. . . . 285 .\mbridge . . ... 35 . .5,205 Abbottslown .58. . . . 403 Aitch .41. . . 202 *Allentown ..48. .51,913 -Amity .. .50. . . . 250 Abington . . . . .65. . . 4i)9 Akron ..«l. .. 719 Allenwood . ..27. . . . 305 .Amityville . . . .62. .. 231 .43. . . 240 . . 200 ...1. .1,534 Allison I'ark. Allport . .36. . .25. . . . 350 . . . 406 Ainsbry . . . . Anandale ...39. . . 200 Ache Junction Alburtis .48. . . 909 Ackermanville .49. .. 352 Aldan .64. . . 661 Almedia . . . . ..30. . . . 208 Station . . . ..22. . . 209 Acosta .53. . . 202 Alden Station ..31. . . 262 Alton . ...4. . . . 380 Andalusia . . .66. . . 303 Adah .52. . . 506 Alderson .... .31. . . 420 Altoona .... ...40. .52,127 .\nita . . .24. . 3,065 Adamsburg . .37. . . 366 Alexandria . . .41. . . 433 Alum Bank. . .54. . . . 218 Annville . . . ... 60 . .1.283 Adamstown . . .61. . . 673 Aliquippa . . . .35. .1,741 Alvorton . . . ..37. . . . 662 Ansonville . . ...25. . . 450 Adamsville . . . . . 2 , . . 262 Allen .57. . . 350 Anihersnns Antes Fort. . ..17. . . 256 .53 Allenport . . . .50. . 1 .502 Valley . . . . . 56 . ... 450 Antrim . . . . 6. . 1.506 Expljuiation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Numlier of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 170 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations I-up. Apollo Appewold . . Aquashicola Aram Arcadia .... Arch bald . . Ardara .... Arden Ardmore . . . Arendtsville Argentine . . Aristes Arnold Arnot Arona Arrow Arroyo Artz Ashbourne . . Asherton . . . Ashland . . . . Ashley Ashville . . . . Askam Aspinwall . . . Aston Mills. , Atglen Athens Atlantic .... Atlas Attleboro . . . Auburn Audenried Aughwick Mills Austin Avalon Avella Avis Avoca Avon Avondale . . . Avonia Avonmore . . Axemann . . . B Bachmanville Baden Baggaley . . . , Bainbridge . , Baird Bakers Bakers Summit . . . . Bakerstown . . Bakerton . . . . Bald Eagle... Bangor Banksville . . . Banning Barbara Barclay Bardwell .... Bareville . . . . Barnes Barnesboro . . Barnesville . . Barree Bart Bartonsville . Bartville Bath Beach Haven . Beachlake . . . . Beachly Beadling Beallsville . . . Bear Lake. . . . *Beaver Beaverdale . . . Beaver Falls. . Beaver Meadows . . . Beavertown . . Beaver Valley. Bechtolsville" . Beckersville . . •Bedford Beechcliff . . . . Beech Creek . . Beechview . . . Belfast *Bellefonte . . Belle Vernon . . Belleville Bellevue Bells Landing Bellwood Belsano .37. .53. .14. .47. .65. .38. .47. .31. .39. .31. .36. .64. .63. .28. .66. .47. .32, .41. . .5. .36. .50. .16. .46. .35. .37. .61. .50. .37. .54. .36. .30. .40. .49. .36. . . .3,006 300 302 . . . . 350 . . .1,402 . . .7,194 409 409 . . .3,502 383 ... 506 406 . .1,818 . . 3,508 . . . 683 ... 300 ... 209 . . . 303 . . . 650 ... 203 . .6,855 . .5,601 ... 384 ... 686 . .3,593 . . . 430 . . . 546 . . 3,796 . . . 202 . .1,060 . . . 514 ...921 ..5,092 . . . 536 . .3,941 ..4,317 . . . 506 . . . 796 . .4,634 . . . 403 . . . 668 . . . 262 . .1,363 . . . 236 .19. .61. . .3. .39. .47. .41. .61. .33. .61. .49. .31. ..9. .53. .36. . 50 . . .3. .35. .39. .35. .32. 44. .30. 63. 62. .54. .36. 16. ,36. .49. 26. 53. 43. , 36. . 25. . 40. . 39. . ... 260 ... 601 . .1,023 ... 862 . . . 326 . . . 528 . . . 200 . . . 326 . .1,026 . . . 302 . .5,368 . .1,302 . . . 206 . . . 200 . . . 506 . . . 220 . . . 213 . . . 350 . .3,535 233 ; ." '. 337 . . . 213 . . . 247 . . . 204 . .1,057 . . . 463 . . . 250 . . . 326 , . . 736 , . . 407 . . 321 . 3,456 . 1,303 12.191 . 1.530 . . 830 . . 560 . . 417 . . 3.>0 .3,235 . . 320 . . 584 .1,520 . . 360 .4,145 .2.372 . . 420 .6,333 . . 226 .2,377 . . 236 7'(, icj(,v Lava. ■'!>■ Belsena Mills.. 25. Ben Avon 36. Bendersville , .58. Benezett 14. Bennington Furnace . Bens Creek Benson . . , Bentleyville Benton .... Berlin 53. Berlinsville . . .49. Bernice 18. Bernville 63] Berrysburg . . ..46. .40. ..39. ..53. .50. .30. Berwick Berwick . Berwyn . Bessemer Bethayros Bethlehem . 30 . .58. .63. .21. .65. . .49, ..24. . .49. .61. . .61. ..62. ..36. . .50. ..60. ..16. . .63. . .38. ..43. ...6. , .45. ■ .25. , .36. . .38. , . 33 . . .30. . . 39 . . .62. . Bigler 25 . Biglerville ... ..58. Big Run Bingen Binkley Bird in Hand Birdsboro . . . Birdville .... Bishop Bismarck . . . Bitumen .... Blackhorse Black I^ick. . Blacklog .... Blackwells . . Blain Blain City... Blair .Station, Blairsville . . Blakeslee ... Blakely Blandburg . . Blandon .... Bloomfleld 2 Bloomflfld Junction . . . .45. Bloomingdale .31. Blooming Glen. 66. *Bloomsburg . .39. Blossburg 6. Blue Ball 61. Blue Ball 25 Blythedale 36. Boalsburg Zd. Bodines 17. Boiling Springs.57. Bolivar 37. Boston 36. Boswell 53. Bowers 62. Bowmansdale .57. Bowmanstown Bowmansville Beyers Boyertown Bracken .... Brackenridge Braddock . . , Bradenville . Bradford . . . Brady Bradys Bend Braeburn . . . Branch 37. Branch Dile. ..47. . Brandonville . .47. . Brandt 8. . Brandyvine Summit G4. . Brent 10. . Breslau 31. . Briar Creek. . .30. . Brickerville Bridgeport Bridgeton . Bridgeton Bridgpville Bridge water Brighton . . Brinton . . . Brisbin .... Bristol .... Broad Ford Broadtop . . Erockport . Brockton Brockwayville . . . 228 ..1,828 ... 355 ... 490 . . . 203 . . . 306 . . . 387 . .1,923 . . . 719 ..1,336 . . . 406 . . . 666 . . . 308 . . . 377 . .5,357 . . . 333 . .1.066 . . . 560 . . . 350 .13,837 . . . 466 . . . 386 . .1,032 . . . 206 , . . 250 , . . 250 . .2,930 . . 202 . . 509 . . 575 . . 426 . . 321 .1,500 . . 202 . . 250 . . 326 . . 534 .. 466 .3,572 . . 220 .5,345 .1,802 . . 508 . . 762 .33. . .61. . 22 '.'.G2'. '. . . 39 . . .36. . .36. . .37. . . . ,4. . . .12. . . .23. . .37. . .61. . , ..6>. . .66. . . ..59. . ...^6.. . . 35 . . ..3^>.. .36. . . . 25 . . ..66. . . .41. . ..14. . .47. . .24 Brodheadsville .33. .. 772 . . 260 . . 320 .7,413 .2,303 . . 202 . . 525 . . 866 .. 338 . . 300 . . 563 . . 518 . . 836 .1,878 . . 236 . . 238 .. 408 . . 250 . . 236 . 2,433 . . 460 .3,134 19,357 .1,010 14,544 .1,493 . . 562 . . 233 . . 408 . . 750 . ] 436 .. 226 . . 236 . . 220 .5,512 . . 236 .3,860 . . 2.'>0 . . 506 .1,983 .1,562 .8,329 . . 426 . . 4.59 .9.256 . . .526 . . 478 . . 315 . . 362 .1,898 .554 'li,wns Lovu Pi>l). 'll,WIU Brooklyn . . . . Brookston *BrookviIle . . Broughton . . Brownfleld . . Brownstown . Brownstown . Brownsville . Brownsville . Bruceton . . . . Bruin Brumfieldville Brunnerville . ..61 Bryn Mawr. . . . 65 Buckglen 30 Buck Mountain. 47 Buena Vista. . .36 Buffalo Mills.. 54 Bulger .50 Bunola 36 Burdine 36 Burgettstown .50 Burnham 43 Burnside Bute *Butler ... Buttonwood Butztown . Byers Byrnedale . .25 , . .52 . . . 22 ...17 . .49 .63 ...14 Cabot Caledonia California . . Callensburg . Callery Calumet .... Cambridge Springs . . . Camden .... Cameron . . . Cammal .... Campbelltnwn Camp Hill... Camptown . . Canadensis . Candor Cannelton . . . Canoe Run . . . Canonsburg . Canton Carbon 37 Carbondale . . ..30 Cardiff Mines.. 14 .32. .14. .50. .12. . 22 !37! ..36, ..15. . .17. .60. . .57. .. .7. .33. . .50. .35. ..15. .50. 7. Cardington ♦Carlisle . . . Carmichaels Carnegie . . . Carnot .... Carr Carrick .... Carrolltown Carter Cartwright . Carverton Cassandra . Castle .Shannon . CatasauQua Catawissa . . Catnsh Cato Cayuga Cecil Cedarville . . Celia Cementon . . Center Hall. . Center .'■'qiian Center Valley Centerville .. Centerville . . Centerville . . Central Centralia . . . Cetronia .... Chadds Ford Chalfort .... *Chambersbnrg.56 Chambersvillf .38 Chandlers Valley 3 64. .57. .51. ..36. , .36. ..22 ..'36.' .39. .'.14.' .31. .39. .36. .48. ...30. .12. .26. .20. .,50. .63. .35. .48. . 26 . 65. .48. .50. . .2. .44. ..SO. .30. .48. .64. 66. Chapman Chapman Quariies . Charleroi . . Cheat Haven , Cheltenham . . .65 Cherry Run. ... 12 44. . .49. ..50. 320 502 . . . 3,003 . . .2,066 ...1,522 .. .1,-336 626 236 ...2,324 562 . . . . 539 317 509 . . . 3,026 220 330 620 236 . . . 1,206 330 366 . . . 1,268 766 493 ...1,222 . .20,738 236 226 262 630 ... 200 ... 260 .2,230 . . 203 . . 335 . . 508 . .1.514 ... 326 ... 320 760 . . . 275 ... 875 . . . 225 ... 250 . . . 262 ... 320 ... 362 . .3,891 . .1,637 ... 601 .17,040 ... 301 ... 409 .10,303 . . . 478 .10.009 . . . 209 . . . 290 . .6.117 . .1,.343 . . 3.54S . . 1.096 . . . 266 . . . 306 . .2,.526 . . 5,250 . .1,930 . . . 220 . . . .301 . . . 2.50 . . 1 ,506 . . . 201 . . . 202 . . 1,802 . . . 506 , . . 330 , . . 550 , .1.413 . . 264 . . 261 .3.439 .2,048 . . 280 . . 308 . . 303 11.803 .. 663 . . 303 .. 319 . . 253 .9.615 . . 220 . . 436 . . 250 Cherry Tree. . .38 Cherry A'alley. ..50. C'herryville . . ..49. Chester 64 Chester Hill. . .25 Cheswick . (.'hewton . Cheyney . . Chickies . . Chicora . . Chinchilla , Choconut . < "hristiana Churchtown Churchville Clairton Clarendon Locu. i'lji). . . . 439 ..1,401 . . 302 38,537 . . 64H . . 317 . . 301 , . . 232 , . . 2.53 .1,103 .36. ..21. , .64. ..61. ..22. ..20. ...8. .61. ,61. .66. .36. .3. Claridge s; Clarington *CIarion Clarksville Clarksville Claussville Claysburg Claysville Clayton . , Claytonia *Clearfield Clermont Clifford . . Clifton „ Clifton Heights.64. Clinton 36. Clinton 9] Clintonville Cleo <'lymer .... Coal Bluff. . Coal Center. Coal Castle. Coaldale 13. ..12. ..51. .10. ..48. .40. .50. ..62. ..4. , .8. .36. .24. .41. .32. .25. .31. .53. .36. .63. 11. 24. 38. .50. 50. 47. 54. Coaldale 47 Coal Glen. . Coalmen t . Coalport Coalport . . Coalridge . Coalrun . . . I'oal Valley Coatesville " . . ..„„ Coburn 26 Cnchranton ... .2. Cochranville . ..63. Codorus .59. Coffeetown . . ..49. Cogan House. . .17 Cogan Station Cohn Cokeburg ... Cokeville Colebrookdale Station ... Coleburg ... College Hill. . . Collegeville . . . Collingdale Colona Columbia Columbia Cross Roads 7. . Columbus 3. . Colwyn 64. . Concordville . .64 Conestoga ( 'onfluence Conifer . ,. . Conneaut T,ake. .3 Conneautville ...2. Conneautville Station 2. Connellsville . ..52. Conoquenesslng.22 . Conrad 5. Conshohocken .65. (■•onway 35. Conyngham . .31 . Coopersburg . ..48. . Coplav .... Coral Coraopolls Cornplanter rnwall .r .27. . . .50. . . .37. . ..62. . . ■ . .5 . . .35. . .65. . .64. . .35.. 61.. . . . 251 . . . 934 . . . 301 . . . 202 . .3,326 . . . 933 ..2,011 . . . 403 ..2,612 . . . 208 . . . 216 . . . 322 . . . 203 , .1,045 ..317 , . . 252 . .6.851 . . .301 . . 202 . . 301 .3.155 . . 302 . . 251 . . 335 . . 202 .1,7.53 . . 503 . . 816 . . 201 . . 311 .5.154 . . 302 . . 228 . 3,548 .. 876 . . 203 . . 251 11.084 . . 201 . . 695 .. 253 . . 379 . . 502 .. 401 . . 203 . . 204 .1,302 . . 409 .61. . ..53.. .24.. 251 . . 203 .1,787 . . 627 .1.361 .1.003 11,454 .. 203 .. 346 . 1 ,584 . . 400 . . 603 . . 891 . . 302 ,48 . 38 . . .36. . ..3.. 60. . Cornwells 66.. Corry 1. . Corsica 24. . Cortez 20. . Corydon 3. . Coryvillc 4. . Costello 0. . . . 921 . . 867 13.845 . . 403 . . 361 .7.480 .1,483 . . 406 . . 623 .2.671 . . 702 '. '. '203 .2.602 . . 241 .5,991 . . .301 . . 202 . . 502 . . 302 1.201 171 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Lovti. Pop. ♦Coudersport . . .5. Coulters 36. Courtdale 31. Courtney 50. Covington 6. Covode 38. Cowanesque ....6. Cowanshannoc .23. Cowansville . ..23. Crabtree 37. Crafton 36. Craigsville . . . .23. Cranesville 1. Creasy 30. Greekside 38. Creighton 36. Crenshaw 24. Cresco 33. Cressman 66. Cresson 39. Cressona 47. Cross Fork 5. Crossland 52. Crum Lynne. . .64. Cumbola 47. Curry Run 25. Curwensville . ..25. Custer City 4. Cymbria Mines.39. D Daguscahonda ..14. Dagus Mines. .14. Dahoga 14. Daisy town . . . .39. Dale 39. Daleville 20. Dallas 31. Dallastown . . .59. Dalmatia 28. Dalton 20. Danielsville . . .49. *Danville 29. Darby 64. Darlington . . ..35. Darragh 37 . Dauphin 46. Dawson 52. Dayton 23. Dean 39. Deegan 22. Deemston 50. Defiance 54. Delancy 39. Delano 47 . Delaware Water Gap 33. Delmont 37. Delta 59. Dents Run 14. Denver 61 . Deodate 46. Derrick Citv. . . .4. Derry 37. Derry Church.. 46. Desire 24. Devon 63. Dewart 28. De Young 14. Diamondville ..38. Dickerson Run. 52. Dickinson 57 . Dickson 20. Dickson City. ..20. Dillsburg 59. Dingmans Ferry 34. Dixmont 36. Doe Run 63. Donaldson 47. Donora 50. Dormont 36. Dorranceton ...31. Dorseyville . . ..36. Dover 59. Downieville ...22. Downingtown .63. *Doylestown . .66. Dravosburg . . .36. Drehersville . . .47. Dresher 65. Drifton 31 . Driftwood ... .15. Drums 31 . Drv Run 56. Dublin 66. Dubois 25. Duboistown ...17. Dudley 41 . Duke Center. . . .4. . .3,100 . . . 501 . . . 549 , . . 601 . . 340 , . . 202 , .. 321 , . . 201 . . 202 .1,501 , .4,583 .' '. 651 . . 601 . . 563 . . 602 . . 401 . . 202 . . 301 .1,470 .1,837 . . 801 . . 802 . . 601 . . 3(57 . . 201 .2,549 .. 201 .. 301 .. 202 . . 801 . . 202 . . 382 .2,285 . . 251 . . 576 .1,884 . . 347 . . 767 .1,002 .7,517 .6,305 .. 311 .1,502 . . 545 . . 848 . . 809 . . 373 . . 401 . . 477 . . 325 .1,003 .1.362 . . 446 . . 502 .. 881 . . 403 . . 933 . . 202 . . 202 .2,954 . . 251 .. 502 . . 301 .. 251 . . 302 . . 202 . . 501 . . 801 .9.331 .4,948 . . 853 . . 351 .1.201 . . 251 . . 958 .8,174 .1,115 .4,046 . . 501 . . 576 . . 201 .3,326 .5,304 .1,895 . . 414 . . 201 .2,301 . . 517 . . 901 . . 765 . . 361 12,623 .. 682 . . 441 . . 601 To 1016 Locii. Pop. Dunbar .... Duncannon . Duncansville Dunkard . . . Dunlevy ... Dunlo Dunmore . . . Dupont Duquesne . . . Durhana . . . . Duryea .... Dushore . . . . Dutch Hill. . . Dysart ..52. ...45. . .40. . ..51. . .50. ..39. ..20. . .31. . . 36 . ..66. . .31. . .18. . .12. . .39. E .54. .26. .12- .21. .22. Earlston . Eagleville Earlville 62. East Altoona..40. East Bangor. ..49. East Bellevue. .36. East Benton... 20. East Berlin. . . .58. East Brady. Eastbrook . East Butler. East Cone- ma\igh 39. East Coventry. 63. East Hickory. .13. East Down- Ington 63. East Freedom.. 40. East Greenville. 65. East Hanover. .60. East McKees- port 36. East Mauch Chunk 32. East Nantmeal.63. East New Castle 21. *Easton 39. East Petersburg ..61. East Pittsburg. 36. East Prospect. 59. East Rochester.35. East Salisbury .53. East Side 25. East Smithfield. .7. East Springfield. 1. East Stroudsburg .33. East Texas. . . .48. East Titusville. .2. Eastvale 35. East Vandercrift ..37. East Washington .50. East Wavnesburg .51. Eau Claire 22. *Ebensburg ...39. Ebenvale 31. Eclipse .50. ..1,971 . .1,474 . .1,263 . . . 201 . ..301 .2,501 .17,615 . . 201 .15,727 , . . 201 ,.7,434 . . 813 ..251 . . 301 , . 501 . . 551 . . 301 .1,202 .1,186 , . 251 . 202 .35 .66. .64. .52 . .12. ..65. .36. .36. .36. Economy Eddington Eddystone Edenborn . Edenburg . Edge Hill. Edgewood Edge wood Park . . . Edgeworth Edinboro 1 . Edinburg 21 . Edri 38. Edwardville . . .31. Egypt 48. Ehrenfeld 39. Elbon 14. EIco 50. Elderton 23. El Dorado 40. Eldred 4. Eleanor 24. Elimsport 17. Elizabeth 36. Elizabethtown.. .4 . Elizabethville .46. Flkhorn 36, Elk Lake 8. Elkland 6. Elk IJck 53. Elliotts Mill. . .21 . Ellsworth 50. .1,493 .. 201 . . 501 .5,046 .. 301 . . 350 .3,006 . . 327 .1,235 . . 331 .2,118 .3,548 . . 201 . . 200 25,823 .. 602 .3,615 .. 316 . . 718 .1,202 . . 220 . . 301 . . 348 .3,330 . . 303 .. 201 . . 322 .1,852 .1,300 .. 906 . . 347 .1,978 .. 567 . . 501 .1,204 . . 201 .1,167 . 1,201 . . 616 . . 651 .2,596 .1,139 .1,229 . . 666 . . 351 . . 502 .8.407 .1,002 . . 401 . . 301 ..944 . . 285 . . 304 .1,235 . . 505 . . 401 .2,311 .2,587 .1,039 . . 201 . . 201 .1,175 .1.201 I .501 .2,084 I Towns Loca. Pop. Ellwood City. .21. ..3,902 Elmer 5 201 Elmhurst 20 379 Elrama 50. . . . 204 Elroy 65 251 Elton 39 250 Elverson 63. . . .351 Elysburg 28 202 Emans 40. . .3,501 Emeigh 39 401 Emerald 48 203 Emigsville ... .59 201 Emlenton 11... 1,110 *Emporium ... 15. . .2,916 Emsworth 30... 1,510 Endeavor 13. . . . 402 English Center.l7 701 Enhaut 46. . . . 452 Enon Vallov. . .21. . . . 354 Enterprise 3. . . . 616 Ephrata 61. . .3,192 Epton 36 301 Equinunk 9. . . . 402 Erdon 39 903 *Erie 1.. 66,525 Ernest 38... 1,002 Eshbach 62 203 Espy 30. . . . 551 Etna 36... 5,830 Etters 59 434 Euclid 32 201 Evansburg 32... 1.339 Evans City ... .22. . .1.501 Everett 54... 1.725 Everson 52 . . . 1,759 Ewingville . . . .36 351 Excelsior 28. . .1,601 Exchange . . . .29. . . . 251 Exeter 31... 3,537 Exeter Borough ... .31. . .1,948 Expedit 39...1,i>02 Export 37. . .3,003 Eynon 20 351 r Factory ville . ..19. . . . 759 Fairbank 53. . . . 403 Fairchance .. ..52. .. 1,763 Fairdale 8 403 Fairfield 58 373 Fairhaven . . . .36. . . . 801 Fairhope 53 565 Fairmount City. 12. . . . 702 Fairoaks 36 302 Fairview 1. . . . 349 Fairview Station 1 201 Fallentimber ..39 204 Falling Springs. 45. . . . 872 Falls Creek. .. .25. . .1,204 Fallsington . . .66. . . . 301 Fallston 35. . . . 5.55 Falmouth 61. . . . 310 Fannettsburg . .56. . . . 316 Farmersville ..61. . . . 366 Farrandsville ..16. . . . 351 Fawn Grove. . ..59. . . . 240 Fayette City .. ..52 .. .2.005 Fayetteville . . .56. . . . 601 Feasterville ...66.... 201 Federal 36. . .1,003 Felton 59 241 Ferndale 66 224 Ferndale 39 514 Fern wood 64 803 Fern wood 25. . . . 251 Ferris 22 201 Fieldmore Springs 2 206 Fields Station. .17 201 Filer 10. . . . 201 Finley ville . . . .50. . . . 644 Fisher 12 203 Fishers Ferrv..28. . . . 201 Fishing Creek. ..SO 223 Fitzwatertown..65. . . . 318 Fivepoints . . . .10. . . . 201 Fleetville 20. . . . 253 Fleetwood ... .62. . .1,394 Fleming 26. .. . 343 Flemington ... 16. .. 1.022 Floreffe 36 501 Florence .50. . . . 325 Florenza 24. . . . 501 Florin 61. . . . 804 Flourtown . . . .65. . . . 502 Flovd 11. . . . 225 Fogelsville . . ..48. . . . 401 Fontana 60. . . . 202 Toivn.i Loca. Pop. .65. .31. Footedale . . I'orbes Road Force Ford City... Fordham . . . Forest City. Forest Lake. Forkston . . . Fort Hunter Fort Loudon. . .56 Fort Pitt 36 Fort Washington Fortj'lort . . . Foster 8 Fountain DTle.58 Fountain Hill. .48 Foxburg 12 Frackville ... .47 Frank 36 *Franklin 11 Franklin 39 Franklin Corners . . . Franklintown Frankstown . Fredell Frederick . . Fredericksbui . .1. .59. .40. .12. .65. .60. Fredericktown .50. Fredonia Freeburg Freed Freedom .... Freeland .... Freemansburg Freeport Frenchville . . Friedens Friedensburg Friedensburg Frostburg . . . . Fryburg Fullerton . . . . .10. .44. .52 . .35. .31. .28. .23. .25. ..53. .62. .47. .24. .12. .48. . . 801 . . 401 . . 351 .4,850 . . 607 .5,749 . . 251 . . 261 . . 625 . . 322 . . 350 . . 601 .2,353 . . 364 . . 251 .1,388 . . 578 .3.118 . . 502 .9,767 .2,103 . . 201 . . 216 . . 201 . . 301 . . 354 . . 612 .1,006 . . 443 . . 541 . . 304 .3,060 .6.197 . . 867 .2,248 . . 221 . . 301 . . 514 . . 603 . . 403 . . 302 . . 753 ..62. ..63. ..8. .35. . .5. .58. .63. Gaines 6. Galeton 5 . Gallatin 36. Gallitzin 39. Gans 53. Gap 61. Gardenville . . .66. Garland 3. Garrett 53. Garrettford . . .64. Gascola 36. Gastonville . . ..50. Gates 53. Gayesport 40. Gazzam .... Geigers Mills Geigertown . Gelatt Genesee .... Geneva Georgetown . Germania . . . •Gettysburg . Gibraltar . . . Gibson 8 Gibsonton 37 Gilberton 47 Gilbertsville . .65 Gillespie 52 Gillett 7 Gipsy 38 Girard 1 Girard Manor. .47 Girardville . Gladden . . . Gladdens . . Glade Mills. Gladerun Gladwine . . Glasgow ... Glasgow . . . Glassmere Glassport . . Gleasonton Glenburn 20 Glen Campbell. 38 Glendale 36 Glendon 49 Glenfield 36 Glenhazel 14 Glenhope 25 Glenlyon 31 Glen Mills 64 Glen Olden. . . .64 .47 .36. .53. 22 '.^.s'. ..65. .39. .35. .36. .36. .16. .1.002 .4.027 301 .3,504 203 803 201 302 . 848 216 402 . 503 . 402 . 917 . 252 . 325 . 333 . 303 . 351 . 336 . 269 . 303 .4,030 . 401 . 251 . 303 .5,401 502 .1,002 204 302 .1,165 204 .4,396 . 301 401 . .SOI 604 .1.202 203 201 .1.204 .5,540 . 403 . 319 .1,099 !>02 . 823 984 504 . 237 .2.2.55 378 .1,157 172 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Tvwiis Loca. Pup. Glen Richey . . . Glen Riddle. . . . Glen Rock Glenside Glenwhite Glenwillard . . . Globe Mills.... Codfrey Goldsboro Goodville Gordon Gordonville . . . Gouldsboro . . .. Gowen Gowen City. . . . C5racedale Graceton Grampean . . . . Grand Tunnel.. Grand Valley. . Grandville . . . . Grassflat Gratz Gratztown . . . . Gray Grays Landing. Great Bend. . . . Greeley Greencastle . . . Greene Greenfield Green Lane. . . . Greenock (Jreensboro . . .. •Greensburg . .. Greentree Green Village. . Greenyille Greenwood . . . . Grevthorne . . .. Grill Grindstone . . . . Grovania Grove City Grovedale Grover Groveton Gulf Mills Guthriesville Guths Station.. Guys Mills . . . 527 . . . 325 . .1,263 . . 1,801 . . . 201 . . . 401 . . . 350 . . . 663 . . . 434 . . . 201 . .1,185 . . . 401 . . . 251 . . . 503 . . . 304 . . . 301 . . . 701 . . . 666 . . . 201 . . . 290 , . . 200 . .1,002 . . 536 . . . 201 . . . 202 , .1,003 . . . 788 .201 . .1,919 , . . 203 . . 302 , . . 372 , . . 751 . . 442 ,13,012 .1,143 . . 207 . .5.909 , . . 302 . . 251 . . 201 , . . 501 . . 202 .3,674 .3,134 . . 301 . . 301 . . 801 . . 217 . . 301 . . 301 H Haas Hackett . . . Hadley . . . . Hagersville Hahnstown Halifax .47. .50. .10. .66. .37. .46. Hallam 59. Hallstead . . Hallton .... Hamburg . . Hamill .... Hamilton No Hamlin .... Hammett . . Hannastown Hanover 59 Hanover Junction Harford . . Harlansburg Harleigh . . Harleysville Harmarville Harmony 23 Harrisburg (capital ) . . .46 Harrison City. .37 Harrison Valley. 5 Harrisville Harrold . . Hartley . ... Harveys .'. Harveyville Hastings . Hatboro . . .8. . ..44. . .62. . .38. 1.53. . . .9. . . .1. . .37. ...59. . . .8. ..31. , ..31. ..65. .36. 14. 59. 51. 31. 39. ..65. Hatfield 65. Hauto Haverford Hawk Run . . Hawley .... Hawthorn Hays Havnle Hazeldell . . . Hazel Hurst. Hazelkirk . .32. . . 65 . , ..25. ...9. . .13. . .36. . .12. . .21. . . .4. ..50. Hazelton 31. . 251 . 501 . 302 . 301 1,001 . 745 . 472 1,538 . 501 2,301 . 203 . 201 . 201 . 403 . 801 7,057 301 301 353 544 351 773 673 64,186 . 347 . 601 . 353 1,004 . 250 . 251 . 278 2,123 . 962 . 705 . 501 . 581 . 688 2,018 . 569 1,888 . 201 1,168 1,003 . 502 25,452 T ulcus Loca. Pup. Hazzard . Hecktown Hecla .... Hegins . . . Heidelberg Heidlersburg Heilwood Helfenstein Hellam .... Hellertown Helvetia 35 Hepburn 17 Herminie 37 Herndon 28 Herrickville ... .7 Herrville 61 Hershev 46 Hetlerville Hickman Hickory 50 Hickory 13 Hicks Run 15 High Spire 46 Hillards 50. 49 . 37, 47. .36. , .58. .38. . .47. 59. 49, .30. ..36. ..38. , ..18. ..21. ..36. ..53. .36. .53. .59. .38. .36. .35. ..9. .63. .43. .21. Hillsdale Hillsgrove Hillsville Hites . . . Hites ... Hoboken Hokendauqua .48 Holden 24 *Hollydaysburg.40 Hollisterville ...9 Hollsopple . . Holtz Homer City. . Homestead . . Homewood . . *Honesdale . . Honey Brook Honey Grove Honor Hookstown . . ..35 Hoopeston . . . .65. Hooversville . ..53. Hop Bottom.... 8. Hopeland 61. Hopewell 54. Hopwood 52. Horatio 24. Horsham 65. Hostetter 37. Houston 50. Houtzdale Howard . Hovtdale Hoytville Hudson . . Huey Huffs Station. ..37. Hughstown . . .31 . Hughesville Hull Hulmeville Hulton Humbert . . Hummelstown .46. Hunlock Creek. 31. ♦Huntingdon ..41. Huntingdon Valley 65. Huntington Mills Huntsdale Hutchins Hyde Hyde Park. Hydetown Hyndman Hyner .... .26. .35. ..6. .31. ..13. .17. ...5. ..66. ..36. .53. , . . 31 . ..57. 4. ...25. ,. .37. , . . . 3 . .54! ...16. Ickesburg . . . Idamar Idlepark .... Ifield Imperial .... Independence ♦Indiana .... Indian Creek. Industry .... Ingram Tnkerman . . . Instanter . . . . Intercourse . . Irish Ripple. . Irnnbridge . . . Ironton Irvine ..45. .38. .37. .53. ...36. ..50. ..38. ...52. . 35 . . 36 . ..31. .14. .61. .21 . .65. .48. ..3. . 301 . 201 1,501 . 325 1,848 . 301 1,001 . 301 . 301 . 915 . 301 . 769 . 801 . 621 . 275 . 301 . 351 . 251 . 501 . 205 . 351 . 301 1,669 . 201 . 401 . 805 . 201 . 301 . 301 . 702 . 802 . 301 3,743 . 301 . 451 . 203 . 985 18,713 . 301 3,945 . 581 . 351 . 201 . 250 . 251 . 991 . 364 . 201 . 592 . 801 1,002 . 213 . 801 . 793 1,434 . 667 . 402 . 561 3,001 . 252 . 651 2,024 1,650 . 361 . 468 3,436 . 301 2,128 . 531 6,861 . 251 . 351 . 301 . 201 . 251 . 315 . 413 1,164 . 214 408 801 201 601 802 251 5,749 201 664 2,037 .501 401 313 301 231 202 338 Tuiciif. Loca. Pup. Irvineton 3. Irvona 35. Irwin 37. Iselin 38. Ivanhoe 50. Ivyland 66. Jackson Jackson Cente Jacksonville . Jacksonville . Jacobs Creek, Jacobus James City. . James Creek. Jamestown . . Jamestown . . Jamison City. Jarreltown . . Jeanesville . . . Jeanette Jeddo Jefferson .... Jefferson .... Jeffersonville Jenkintown . . Jenners Jenningsville Jermyn Jerome Jersey Mills. . Jersey Shore. Jerseytown . . Joanna Job Johnetta .... Johnsonburg Johnstown . . Johnsville Joliett Jones Station Jonestown . . Josephine . . . Julian Jumonville . . Juniata Juniataville . Justus K Kane 4. Kaneville 11 . Kantner . . Karns City. Karthaus . Kautfman . Kaler .... Kearney . . Keating Summit. .5. Keeneyville . .. .6. Keffers 47. "Weister Works. 52. Kelayres 47. Kellettvile ... .13. Kelley Station. 23. Kemblesville . .63. Kenil worth ...63. Kennett 53 . Kennett Square. 63. Keown 36. Kersey 14. Kifertown . . . .52. Kimberton ....63. Kimmelton ....53. Kingsley 8. Kingston 31. Kinzua 3. Kirkwood 61. •Kittanning . . .33. Knapp 6. Knights 37. .8. r.lO. ..48. ..37. .37. .59. .14. ..41. . .39. . .10. . .30. . .65. ..31. .37. ...31. . .51. . .59. . .65. ..65. ..53. . .19. . .20. ..53. . .17. ..17. . .30. . .62. ..36. . .23. ..14. . .39. . .66. . .47. . . 36 . ..60. . .38. . . 26 . . .52. .40. . ..52. ..20. . 238 . 802 2,886 2,001 . 501 . 347 . . 351 . . 269 . . 252 , . . 502 .. 252 . . . 261 , . . 451 ...211 . . . 501 , . . 822 , . . 501 . . . 201 .1,301 ,.8,077 , . . 377 . . . 357 , . . 347 , . . 374 , .3,968 .1,637 . . . 201 . .3,158 . .1,002 . . . 401 ..5,381 . . . 201 , . . 502 . . . 402 . . . 662 . .4,334 ,55,482 , . . 201 , . . 203 . . . 302 , . . 603 .1,501 . . 201 . . . 351 . 5,285 , . . 751 . . . 201 ..35. . .25. ..26. . .23. ..54. Knox Knox Dale. Knoxville . Knoxville . Kratzerville Kresgeville , Kulpsville . Kunkletown Kushequa . Kutztown . . Kylertown La Bele. . Laboratory Laceyville Lackawaxen .15 , . ..24. .. .36. 6. . . .44. ... 33 . . . .65. . .33. 4. . ..«3. . . ..52. . ..50. . .19. .34. Ladona 5. . 201 . 301 . 283 . 701 1,201 3,501 . 202 . 201 . 225 . 202 1,202 1,501 . 429 . 202 . 308 . 302 2,049 2,049 . 202 . 602 . 201 . 203 . 201 . 201 6.449 1,236 . 201 4,311 246 501 901 301 652 842 201 201 335 202 502 2,368 . 401 1,001 . 201 . 479 . 501 . 202 Loch. Pup. Lafayette Hill. .65, .31. .66. . .17. .25. , ..9. . ..9. ..40. ..16. . . .52 Laflin Lahaska . . . Lairdsvile . , La Jose. . . . Lake Ariel. Lake Como Lakemont . Lamar Lamberton . Lambs Creek. ...6. Lampeter 61 . ♦Lancaster . . . .61. Landenberg . . .63- Lander Landingville Landisburg . Landis Valley Landisville Landrus Landstreet 3. . .47. ..45. . .61. . .61. . .6. -- 53. Lanesboro 8 , . 66 . . .65. .64. . .25. . .32. ..20. . .18. .. ..7. .36. Langhorne Lansdale Lansdowne Lanse . . . Lansford Laplume . ♦Laporte . Laquin . . Large _ Larimer 37 Larksville 31 . Larry s Creek. ..17. Lash 37. Latrobe 37. Lattimer Mines. 31. Laurel Run. . . .31 . Laurelton 27 . Laurys Station. 48. Lavelle 47. Lawn 60. La'wrenceville .6. Layton Leacock ♦Lebanon ... Leckrone ... Lecontes Mills Leechburg . . . Leeper Leesburg Lees Cross Roads- 57 .52. .61. .60. .52. .2.5. .23. .12. .10. Leesport Leetonia 6. Leetsdale 36. Lehighton 32. Lehman 31 . Leith 52. Lemont Furnace52. Lemoyne 57. Lenni Mills. . . .64. Leolyn 6. Le Raysville. . . .7. I.,ewisberry ."iS - ♦Lewisburg Lewis Run ♦Lewistown Lewisville .... Lewisville .5. Lexington 61 . . .4. .42, . . .63, Liberty Lichty I.,ickdale . . . Lickingville Light Street, Ligonier ... Lilly Lima .6 . . 62 . . .60. . .12. ...30. . .37, . . 39 , .64. Limerick 65, Lime Ridge. . Limestone . . . Lincoln Lincoln Place Lincoln University Lincolnville . Linden Line Lexington. 66 Linesvile 2 . Linfleld 65. Linglestown . . .46. r.inwood Station64 30. .12. .61. .36. .63. o !i7'. Lionville Listie Listonburg . . Lititz Little Britain. .63. .53. 53. .61. .61. Little Gap 32. 173 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Little Marsch. . .6. . . . 233 Littlestown .. .58. . .1,347 Liverpool 45. . . . 596 Llanerch 64 201 Llanwellyn 64 401 Llewellyn 47 501 Lloydell 39 801 *Lock; Haven. ..16. . .7,772 Locustdale ... .47. . .1,001 Locust Gap. .. .28. . .1,701 Lofty 47 201 Logans Ferry. .36 202 Loganton 16 ... . 375 Loganville ... .59 298 Loleta 14 201 Long Branch. . .50. . . . 273 Longswamp . . .62. . . . 202 Lookout 9 301 Lopez 18... 1,203 Lorberry Junction 47 .... 302 Loretto 39 246 Lost Creek 47. . .1,501 Lottsville 3 201 Lovejoy 38 401 Lowber 37 701 Lower Providenc . . .65. . . . 213 Loyalhanna ...37 901 Loyalsock 17 817 Loysburg 54 308 Lucinda 12 301 Ludlow 4 701 Lumber Citv. . ..25. . . . 363 Lumberville ...66 351 Luthersburg . ..25. . . . 364 Luxor 37. . . . 201 Luzerne 31. . .5,426 Lvkens 46... 3,943 Lvncii 36. . .1,978 Lyndora 32. . .3,001 Lyon Station ... 62 537 M McAdoo 47... 3,389 McAlisterviUe .43. . . . 556 McCall Ferry.. .61 501 McCance 37 536 McClellandtown 52 801 McClure 44 201 *McConnells- burg 55. . . . 579 McConnells- town 41 308 McDonald 50... 2,543 JIcElhattan ...16.... 247 McEwensville ..38. ...309 McGees Mills ... 25 251 McKean 1 . . . . 351 McKeansburg ..47 317 McKees Half Falls 44 251 McKeesport .. .36. .42,694 McKees Rocks. 36. .14,703 McKinley 65 602 McLaughlin . . .36. . . . 225 McLeans 65 664 McMahon 37 813 McSherrystown 58... 1,724 McSparran ....61 201 McVeytown . . ..42. . . . 514 McVeytown Station 42 215 Macbeth 53... 1,001 Macungie 48 .... 772 Madeline 38 301 Madera 25... 1,201 Madison 37 421 Mahaffy 25. . . . 754 Mahanoy City . .47. .15,936 Mahanoy PIane.47 .. .1,801 Mahoning 23 201 Mainville 30 601 Maltby 31 301 Malvern 63. ..1,125 Mammoth 37... 1,001 Manchester ...59.... 547 Manheim 61. . .2,203 Manns Choice. .54. . . . 341 Manoa 64. . . . 501 Manor 37... 1,039 Manorville . . . .23 545 Manown 36. . . . .501 Mansfield 6. . .1,645 Mapleton Depot41.... 752 Maplewood . . . .9. . . . 201 Marcus Hook . ..64 .. .1,573 Marguerite . . . .37. . . . 501 Marianna 50. . .1,.363 Marienville ... .13. . .1,301 To tens Loca. Fop. Marietta 61. Marion 56. Marion Center.. 38. Marion Heights.28. Markelsville . ..45. Markelsburg ...41. Markleysburg ..53. Mars 33. Marshalls Creek33. .63, .20. .39. .53. ..40, Marshallton Marsh wood , Marsteller . Martin Martinsburg Martins Creek.. 49. Marysville . . . .45. Masontown ....53. Masten 17. Matamoras ....34. Mattawana ....43. Mauch Chunk. 33 Maud Maxa tawny . . Mayburg .... Mayfield .... Maytown . . . Meadowbrook Meadow Lands. 50. *Meadville ... .13. Mechanicsburg 57. .66. ..60. .13, .30, .61. ..65, Media Medix Run. Mehoopany Meiser . . . . *Mercer . . . Mercersburj Merion . . . . .64. .. .14. , . . 19 . . .44. .. .10. . . 56 . . . . 65 . Merion Station. 65. ilertztown Meshoppen . Messmore . . . Mexico Meyersdale . Middleboro *Middleburg Middleport . Middletown . Midland . . . . .62 . .19. ..53. ..43. . .53. . ...1. ..44. . .47. .46, .35. Midway 50. Mifflin Mifflinburg . . *Mifflintown . Mifflinville . . Milanville . . . Mildred Milesburg . . . Milesville .... * Mil ford Millburne . . . Mill Citv Mill Creek... Millersburg . . Millersburg . . Millerstown . Millerstown . . Millersville . . Millorton . . .. Millgrove . . . Mill Hall Millheim .... Mil! Run Mills Jlillsboro .... Millstone .... Millvale Mill Village. . Millville Millwood .... Milroy Milton Milton Grove. Mina Mineral Point Miners Mills. . Minersville . . Mines 40 Minooka 20 Mitchells 25 Mitchells Mills. 38 Jlohnton . . . Mohrsville . Mollenauer . Monaca Monessen . . . Monocacy . . Monongahela .43. .27. .43, .30, .. .9, .18. .26. ..36, ..34. .64. .19. ..41. ..63. ..46. .'.45! .61. . .6, .30. ..16, ..26, .52. . .5. ..50. .14. .36. . .1. ..30. .37. .42, ..28. .61. . .5. .39. ..31. 4: .62. .36. ..35. ..37. .62. ..50, Monroeton 7. Mont Alto 56. Montandon . . . .28, 2,079 . 254 . 366 1,563 . 351 . 211 . 227 1,215 . 224 . 501 . 351 1,001 . 801 . 921 . 301 1,693 . 891 . 301 1,388 . 215 3,952 . 241 . 201 . 301 3,663 . 703 . 251 2,001 2,781 4,469 3,562 . 401 . 597 . 351 2,026 1,411 1,201 . 601 . 701 . 631 . 201 . 213 3,741 . 207 . 531 1,101 5,374 1,244 . 941 . 885 1,559 . 954 . 601 . 201 . 201 . 531 . 201 . 873 . 322 . 351 . 308 . 634 2,394 . 993 . 549 1,241 . 451 . 701 1,043 . 636 . 301 . 391 1,001 . 301 7,861 . 391 . 611 . 401 1,501 7,461 . 201 . 501 . 251 3,159 7,341 . 301 3,001 . 401 . 301 1,536 . 337 . 501 3,376 11,775 . 355 7,598 . 403 . 658 . 574 Towns Loca. Pop. .65. .13. .17. .17. .36. . .8. .64. .1. .20. .38. .35. Mont Clare. . Monterey .... Montgomery- Montoursville Montrose .... *Montrose Moores Moorheadville Jloosic Mooween .... Morann Morea Colliery..! Moreland 17 Morgan 36 Morgans Station53 Morgantown . ..63 Morganza 50 Morrell 40 Morris 6 Morrisdale Mines 25 Morris Run 6 Morrisville 66 Morton 64 .63. .30. .63. .23. .62. .39. .33. .40. ..57, Mortonville Moscow ]Moselem Mosgrove . . . , Mosiertown . . Mount Aetna . . Mountaindale Mount ainhome Mountain Park. 31 Mountaintop . ..31 Mountainville ..48 Mount Bethel. .49 Mount Braddock52 Mount Carbon.. 47 Mount Carbon Junction . . . .47 Mount Carmel. .28 Mount, Etna . Mount Holly Springs . . . Mount Jackson. 21 Mount Jewett . ..4 Mount Joy 61 Mount Lebanon. 36 Mount Morris. ..51 Mount Oliver. . .36 Mount Penn .... 63 Mount Pleasant. 37 Mount Pleasant Hill 44 Mount Pocono..33 Mount Sterling. 53 Mount Union. . .41 Mountville . . Mount Wolf. . Mount Zion. . Moyer Muddy Creek Forks Muncy Muncy Valley Munhall .... .61. .59. .60. ..52. .59. .17. .18. .36. Munson Station. 35. Murrell . . . . Murrysville Mustard . . . Mutual . . . . Myerstown ..61. .37. .36. .37. ..60. Myra 39. N .14. .31. ..63. ..39. . .65. ..38. .36. Nansen . . . Nanticoke Nantmeal Village . Nanty Glo. Narberth . Natalie . . . Natrona . . Nauvoo 6. Nazareth 49. Nebraska 13. Neffs 48. Neffsville 61. Negley 36. Nelson 6. Nescopeck 31. Neshannock . ..10. Nesquehoning Nettleton .... Nevilton New Albany. New Alexandria37. New Bedford. ..21. New Berlin 37. New Berlinville62. .32. ..39. .36. ...7. . . 666 . . 601 .1.491 .1,904 . . 201 .1,914 .1,801 . . 301 . 3,964 . . 201 . 1,001 . . 833 . . 301 .3,001 . . 351 . . 301 .1,001 . . 201 . . 701 . . 669 .2,301 .3,002 .1,071 . . 200 . . 651 . . 201 . . 201 . . 201 . . 335 . . 351 . . 201 . . 601 . . 961 . . 601 . . 401 .1,002 . . . 335 .17,532 . . . 301 ..1,273 . . . 601 . .1,771 ..3,166 . . . 503 . . . 382 ..4,241 . . . 785 ..5,813 . . . 251 . . . 201 . . . 501 . .3,338 . . . 803 . . . 201 . . . 501 . . . 601 . . . 201 . .1,904 . . . 301 ..5,185 . . . 501 . . . 251 . . . 231 . . . 301 . . . 801 . .1,881 . . . 401 . . . 301 ,18,877 . 201 1,001 1,791 . 251 4,002 . 201 3,978 . 251 . 201 . 401 . 235 . 448 1,578 . 801 3,007 . 251 . 300 . 413 . 505 . 201 . 527 . 302 Loca. Pop. Xewberrvtown ..59. . . . 303 New Bethlehe:Til2. ..1,635 *New Bloom- fleld .45. . . . 773 New Boston . . .47. . . . 635 New Bridgeville59. . . . 203 New Brighton. .35. . .8,339 Newburg .57. .. . 264 Newburg .41. . . . 375 *New Castle. . .21 .36,381 New Castle. . . .47. . . . 801 New Chester. . .58. ...251 New Columbia .37. ...401 Newcomer . . . .53. ..1,051 New Cumber- land .57. ..1,473 New Derrv. . . . .37. . . . 345 New Eagle. . . . .,50. . . . 403 Newell .53. . . . 402 New England. . 36 . . . . 453 New Enterprise. 54. . . . 309 New Florence. .37. ...717 Newfoundland .9. . . . 901 New Freedom . .59. . . . 836 New Freeport. .51. . . . 201 New Galilee. . . .35. . . . 453 New Geneva . . .52. . . . 285 New German- town .45. . . . 203 New Hanover. .65. . . . 504 New Holland. .61. ..1,106 New Hoise. . . . .66. ..1,083 New Jerusalem .62. . . . 251 New Kensinston37. . .7,707 New Kingstow i57. . . . 325 Newlin .30. . . . 201 Newmans town .60. . . . 612 New Milford. . . .8. . . . 654 New Millport. .25. . . . 252 New Oxford. . ..58. . . . 838 New Paris. . . . ..54. . . . 200 New Phila- delphia .... .47. ..2,512 Newport .45. ..3,009 Newport .31. . . . 303 Newportville . .66. . . . 303 New Providence61. . . . 203 New Ringgold .47. . . . 266 Newry .40. . . . 381 New. Salem. . . ..53. . . . 434 New Salem . . . ..59. . . . 348 New Sheffield. .35. . . . 303 New Stanton . . .37. . . . 303 Newton Hami - ton .42. . . . 341 Newtown .... .66. ..1,675 Newtown .... .47. . . . 350 New Tripoli. . . .48. . . . 503 Newville .57. ..1,449 New Wilming- ton ....'.... .21. . . . 758 Nicholson .... .18, . . . 853 Nickel Jlines. . .61 . . . . 203 Niles Vallev. . .6. . . . 203 Nineveh .51. . . . 252 Noblestown . . .36. . .1,003 Noeline 33 . . . 503 *Norristown . . . 65 . .37,875 Northampton . .49. ..1,501 North Belle- vernon .37. ..1,533 North Bend . . .16. . . . 803 North Braddock36. .11,834 North Cata- sauka .49. ..3,030 North East. . . . .1 . ..3,673 North Girard. . .1. ...751 North Charleroi50. .1.008 Northhampton .49. ..8,739 Northhampton Heights .... .49. .1,037 North Irvin. . . .37, .. 646 North Mehoopany . 18. .. 303 North Mountainl7. .. 203 North Pine Grove .13. .. 301 North Sewickh ..S5. .. 303 Northstar .... .36. .. 501 North Towanda..7. .. 753 Northumberland 28. .3,517 North Wales. . .63. .1.711 North Warren. ..3. .. 652 North Washington .2^. .. 202 North T\'ater Gap .33. .. 203 North York .... ..59. .1,902 Norwich .4. .1,002 174 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Pop. Norwood Station Nowrytown . . Noxen Numidia Nuremberg . . . O Oakbottom . . . Oakbrook . . . . Oakdale Oak Hall Station Oak Hill Oakland Oakland Oakland Oakniont Oak Ridge Oak Station. . Oakview Obelisk Oberlin Obold Odenthal .... Ogdensburg . Ogontz Ogontz School Ohiopyle Oil City Olanta Old Forge Oliphant Furnace . . . . Oliver Olyphant Oneida Onnalinda . . . . Onondaga . . . . Option Orangeville . . . Orbisonia .... Oregon Oreminea . . . . Orient Ormsby Orrstown Orson Orviston Orwigsburg . . . O: win Osburn Os eola Os' eola Osi eola Mills. . Osiianter Osvayo Ott.^ville Ovi'l Oxi ord Oxl)rd Valley. .64. ..38. ..18. ..30. AT. .61. .63. ..36. .26. .61. .33. ..10. ...8. .36. .23. .36. ..64. .65. ..46. .63. .39. ..6. Packerton 32. Paint Palmcrton . Palmyra . . . Palo Alto. . . Panic Paoli Paradise . . . Pardee Pardee .... Pardus Parker Ford Parkers Landing . Parkers Station. 13 Parkersburg . ..63 Park Place 47 Parnassus ... .37 Parryville 32 53. ..32. , ..60. .47., .24. , .63., ..61., .27. , .10. .24. ..63. .23. .31. ..63. Parsons Passmore . . . Patterson Heights . . Patton Paulton .... Paxtonville . Peale Peckville . . , Pen Argyl. . , Penbrook . . , Pencoyd .... Penneld 25. Penn 37. Penn Run 38. Pennsburg 65. Penns Station. .37. Pennsville 52. ..35. . .39. . .37. ..44. . . 25 . ..20. ..49. ..46. ..65. . .1,668 . . . 503 . . . 802 . . . 303 . . . 703 . . . 303 . . . 302 . .1,353 . . . 203 . . . 301 . . . 361 ...301 . . . 915 . .3,436 . . . 901 . . . 251 . . . 403 ...351 . . . 551 . . . 251 . . . 301 . . . 303 . . . 301 . . . 303 . . . 535 .15,657 . . . 301 .11,324 ...201 ..1,001 . .8,505 . .1,001 . . . 503 . . . 501 . . . 251 . . . 400 . . . 618 . . . 501 !!i,601 . . . 302 . . . 247 . . . 525 . . . 501 ..1,801 ...301 . . . 425 . . . 591 . .2,437 . .3,301 . . . 401 . . . 383 , . . 301 . . . 313 ..2,391 ...251 . . 503 .1,000 .1,002 .1,308 .1,873 . . 203 . . 241 . . 403 . . 201 . . 401 . . 251 . . 201 .1,244 . . 250 .2,522 . . 201 .2,578 . . 591 .4,338 . . 251 . . 367 .3,907 . . 501 . . 204 . . 801 .3,915 .3,967 .1,462 . . 801 . . 801 .1,048 . . 201 .1,141 .l,i>00 . . 300 To una Loca. Pop. Pennsylvania Furnace 41 Penryn 61 Pensyl 30 Pequea Creek. .61 Percy 52 Perkasie 66 Perkiomenville .65 Perryopolis Perrysville Perrysville Petersburg Peterscreek Petroleum Center . . Petrolia ..36. . .24. . .41. .61. ..11 .22 'Philadelphia. 67.1 Philipsburg . . ..26 Philipston 12 Phoenixville . ..63 Picture Rocks. .17 Pillow 46 Pine Bank 51 Pine Glen 26 Pine Grove. . . .47 Pinegrove Furnace 57 Pine Grove Mills Pine Station. Pitcairn .... Pitman 47 Pittock 36 *Plttsburgh 36 Pittsfield 3 Pittston . . , Plainfield . Plaingrove Plains . . . , Pla.insville Platea .... Pleasant Gap. .26 .16 ..36 ..57 . .21. .31. ..31. . .1. ..26. Pleasant Mount. 9. Pleasant Unitv.37. Pleasant Valley.37. Pleasantville . . 11 . Plumsteadville .66. Plumville 38. Plymoutii 31. Plj-mouth Meeting 65. Point Marion.. .53. Point Pleasant. 66. Polk 11. Pomeroy 63. Pond Creek Junction ... .31. Pond Eddy 34. Portage 39. Port Allegany. ..4. Port Carbon . . ..47. Port Clinton. . .47. Port Griffith... 31. Port Kennedy. .65. Portland 49. Portland Mills. .14. Port Matilda. ..36. Port Perry 36. Port Providence65. Port Royal 43. Port Royal . . ..37. Port Trevorton .44. Potter Brook.. .6. Potters Mills Pottstown . . Pottstown Landing . . *Pottsville . Powell Powls Valley... 46 Pogntelle . , Prescottville Presto Priceburg . . Pricedale . Pricetown . . Primrose . . Princeton . . Pringle .... Proctor . . . , Progress . . . Prompton 9 Prospect 22. Prospect Park. .31. Prospect Park.. 64. Pulaski 21 . Prunxsutawney 24. Puritan 37. . Q Quakake 47. ..65. .63. .47. .7. .. 301 .. 201 . . 501 .. 200 . . 500 .2,779 .. 225 .. 601 .. 300 . . 330 . . 705 .. 201 300 361 549,008 . . 3,585 501 .10,743 576 359 300 301 . . 1,353 ... 301 ... 335 201 ..4,975 308 . .1,508 553,905 ... 301 .16,267 252 . . . 655 ..1,201 ... 206 . . . 220 ... 401 ... 201 ... 625 ... 300 . . . 702 ... 601 ...414 .16,996 . . 801 .1,389 . . 301 .2,066 . . 300 .. 201 . . 201 .2,954 .1,972 .2,678 .. 491 . . 201 . 1,001 . . 649 .. 751 .. 307 .1,001 . . 301 .. 535 . . 401 .. 451 . . 201 . . 315 15,599 . . 200 20,236 302 231 ..24. ..36. .20. ..37. . .62. ...50. . .21. ..31. . .17. .46. . 301 . 200 9,331 1,001 . 412 . 201 . 301 . 301 . 351 . 297 . 263 . 346 . 201 1,652 . 401 9,058 . 450 . 501 Towns Lora. Pop. , 7'(yiO(.s Locit. Pup. .64. ..59. ..54. .17. .35. 24. Quakertown ...66. Quarryvile 61. Queen Junction. 32. Quincy 56. R Radnor .... Railroad . . . Ralnsburg . Ralston . . . Ramey Ramsaytown Rankin Station. 36 Ranshaw 28 Raricks 47 Rathmel 24 Rattigan 22 Rauchton 16 Ravenrun 47 Ravine 47 'Reading 62 Reamstown . . ..61 Rebcrsburg ... .26 Rebuck 38 Red Hill 65 Redington 49 Red Lion 59 Redman Mills.. 36 Redstone Junction 53 Reed Reedsville . . Rehrersburg Reimersburg Reinre Reissing . . . Rendham . . Renfrew . . . Rennerdale . Reno Renovo 16 Republic . . . Reynoldsville Rheims Rhodes .... Rhone Rices Landing. .51 Richboro 66 Richfield 43 Richland 60 Richland Center66 Richlandtown ..66 Ricketts 18 Riddlesburg *Ridgewav . Ridley Park. Ridley Riegelsville Rimersburg Ringtown . . Rising Springs. .36 Rlttersville ... .48 Riverside 28 Riverview 23 Rixford 4 Roaring Branchl7 Roaringcreek ..30 Roaring Spring.40 Robertsdale . . ..41 Robesonia 62 Robinson 38 Rochester . .'. . .35 Rochester Mills.38 Rockdale 64 Rock Glen 31 Rockhill Furnace . Rockland . . Rockledge . Rock Point Rockville . . Rockwood . Rock grove . Rodfield 36 Rodney 3 ..38. . .42. ..62. ..12. ..47. ..50. ..20. .' !36! .11. .24. ..61. .30. .31. . . .54. . . .14. . . .64. ,...64. . ..66. ... 13 . . . .47. ...41. . ..11. . . ..65. ... 35 . . .46. . . .53. .11 Roelofs Rogersville Rogerstown Rohrcrstown Rohrsburg . Rolfe Rome Roniola .... Ronco Ronks Rook Roscoe 50 Roscoe Station. 53 Rose Bud 25 Rosedale 39 66. ..51. ..53. .61. ..30. ..14. ..7. .26. ...52. .01. .36. ..3,801 . . . 739 . . . 201 ■ . . 501 . . . 301 . . . 308 . . . 203 . . . 901 . .1,045 . . . 600 .6,043 , . . 301 . . . 301 . .1,001 ...301 ...201 , . . 501 . . . 301 .96,071 . . . 801 . . . 251 . . . 401 . . . 664 . . . 354 , .2,092 . . . 501 ..1,001 ...701 . . . 307 . . . 509 . . . 855 ...251 . . . 351 . . . 501 , . . 501 . . . 301 . . . 351 ..4,621 . .1,001 ..3,189 . . . 251 , .. 251 . .. 201 . . . 671 , . . 225 , .. 231 . . . 722 .1,001 , . . 562 ,..251 , . . 225 , .5,408 .1,761 . .1,761 ...701 , . . 855 . . 723 . . . 301 , . . 250 , . . 439 , . . 401 . . 501 , . . 451 . . 701 , .1,903 . . 601 . . . 401 , . . 601 . .5,903 , . . 301 .1.500 , . . 301 . . 504 . . 516 . . 879 . . 561 . . 625 .1,301 . . .501 . . 351 . . 201 . . 201 . . 401 . . 835 . . 601 . . 200 . . .301 . . 201 .1.001 . . 201 .1,143 .1.451 .1.001 .1,001 . . 419 Rosemont . . . Rose I'oint . Roseto Ro.ssiter .... liothsville . . Roulette RousHville . . . Rouzerville . Rowland . . . . Rowes Run . Roxbury . . . . Royal ton . . . Royer Koyei'sford . . Ruffs Dale. . . Rupert Rupp Rural Valley Russell . . . . . Russell Russellfon . . Ruthland . . . Rutledge . . . . .65. .21. .49. .38. .61. .11 . .56. .34. .52. ..56. .46. .40. .65. .37. .30. .30. .23. ..3. .14. .36. . .6. .64. Sabbath Rest. ..35. . , Sabinsville . . . .6. . . Sabula 25. . .Sadsburyville ..63.., Saegerstown ...2... Safe Harbor. . ..61. . Sagamore 23. . Saginaw 59. . Sagon 28. . Saint Benedict. 39. . Saint Bonifacius39. . Saint Clair 47. . Saint Claire. . ..36. . Saint Davids. . .64. . Saint Marys. . . .14. . Saint Michael. .39. . Saint Nicholas. . 47 . . Saint Peters. . ..63. . Saint Petersburgl2 . . Saint Thonaas. .56. . Salem . . Salina . . Salina . . Salisbury , ..12. . ..11. . ..37.. .1,001 . . 245 . . 201 .3,001 . . 451 .1,.501 . . 648 . . 301 . . 301 . . 601 . . 808 .1,033 . . 200 .3,073 . . 501 . . 501 . . 250 . . 763 . . 412 . 301 . . 801 . . 301 . . 523 . . 381 . . 601 .1,301 . . 301 . . 713 . 251 2,001 . 201 . 300 . 900 . 301 6,4.5.5 5,640 . 201 6.346 . 251 1,200 . 500 . 453 . 501 . 350 . 200 . 801 Junction . . . .53. . . . 885 Salix . . . .39. 201 Salladasburg . .17. . . . 281 Salona .16. . . . 401 Saltillo .41. ...410 Saltsburg .... .38. . .1,044 Salunga .61. . . . 301 Sample Run. . .38. ...301 Sanatoga .65. ...351 Sandy Lake. . . .10. . . 639 Sandv Ridge. . .26. . . . 401 Sandy Run. . . . .31. . . . 301 Sarver .22. .1,120 Saukerton . . . .39. . . 687 Savan .38. .. 301 Sawver City. .4. .. 201 Saxman .39. .. 300 Saxonburg . . . .22 . .. 345 Saxton .54. .1,195 Savre 7 . .6,425 Scalp Level . . . .39. .1.424 Scenery Hill.. ..50. . . 301 Schaefferstown .60. .. 701 Schrib .46. .. 200 Schellburg . .. ..54. .. 314 Schnecksville .48. .. 231 Schoeneck . . . .61. .. 301 Schollard .10. .. 201 Schuvlkill Haven .47. .4.747 Schwenkville . .65. .. 381 Scotia .26. .. 201 Scotland . 56 . . . 223 Scottdale . . . . .37. .4,456 Scott Haven. . .37. . . 801 •Scranton . . . .20. 29,867 Soanor ..53. . . 600 Seek .47. . . 658 Seelyville . . . ..9. . . 650 Seisholtzville . .62. . . 406 Seitzland .59. . . 202 Sellnsgrove . . . .44. .1.47.< Sellersvllle . . . .66. . 1.572 Seneca .11. . . 251 Sevenpoints . . .28. . . 218 Seven Valleys. ..59. . . 365 Seward .37. .. 548 Sewickley . . . . .36. .4.479 Shade Creek. . ..53. . . 600 Shaft .47. .1.600 Shaf ton .87. .. 343 175 Towns Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Locii. Pop. Shamokin :28. Shamokin Dam. 44. Shaners Shanksville Sharon Sharon Hill... Sharpsburg . . . Sharpbville . . . Shartlesville . . Shawmut .... Shearers Cross Roads 37. 3; ...53. . .10. . .64. . ..36. ...10. . ..62. .14. Sheffield Shenandoah . Sheppton . . . . Sheridan .... Sheridan . . . . , Sherman . . . . Sherman Dale Sheshequin Shickshinny . . Shields Shillington . . . Shingiehouse Shippensburg Shippensville .3. ..47. ..47. .60. .47. ...9. ,.45. ...7. .31. ..36. .62. . ..5. .57. ...12. Shiremanstown 57. Shirleysburg . ..41. Shocks Mills. . ..61. Shoemakersville62. . Shrewsbury . . ..59. , Shrewsbury Station . Shunk .... Siegersville Siegfried .... Silver Creek. . Silverdale . . . Silver Spring. Simpson Sinking Spring. 62. Sinnamahoning.15 . Sirwell 23 Siverly n] Six Mile Run. .54. Skinners Eddy. .19 19,588 . . 500 . . 400 . . 708 15,270 .1,401 .8,153 .3,634 . . 600 . . . 500 . . . 200 . . 1,500 .25,774 . .1,001 . . . 257 . .1,000 , . . 200 . . . 450 . . 207 .1,917 . . 301 .1,427 .1,598 .3,457 . . 378 .. 545 .. 256 .. 301 .. 502 .. 598 ToiLlls, Loca. Pop. South WiUiamsport 17. .39. . .2. .50. . .2. .63. .14. Spangler .... Spartansburg Speers Springboro . . Spring City. . Spring Creek Spring Creek... 3 Springdale ....36 Springet 59 Spring Garden. 36 Spring Grove. . .59 Spring Mill.... 65 Spring Mills. . .26 Spring Mount. .65 Springtown . . ..66 Spring Valley. .48 Springville 8 Spruce Creek. ..41. Standing Stone. 7. Towns Loi-a. Pop. I Towns ...59. . .18. ...48. .49. .47. 66. .61. .20. Skippack Slatedale Slate Lick Slate Run. Slatington Sligo ..65. ...48. ...23. ..17. ...48. .12. Slippery Rock. .22. "Smethport Smicksburg Smithdale . Smithfleld . Smithmill „„. Smith Ferry... 35. Smithton 37. Smock 52. Smokerun 25. ..4 .38. .36. .52. 59. .26. .28. .24. .53. .18. .39. .61. 65. .49. ..23. .52. Smysei .... Snow Shoe. Snydertown Soldier .... •Somerset . Sonestown . Sonman . . . Soudersburg Souderton „„. Southampton . .66' South AIlentown48 South Bethlehem South Bethlehem South Brownsville South Burgettstown 50. South Canonsburg .50. South Connellsville .52. South Danville. 28. South Fork. . . .39 South Greensburg ..37. South Heights. .35. South Newcastle21. South Philipsburg ..26. South Renovo. .16. South Sharon. ..10. South Sterling.. 9. South Waverly.?.. Southwest . . . .".37. , Southwest Greensburg . .37. . .. 308 . . 301 . . 250 .2,801 .2,512 .. 232 . . 201 .2,201 .. 601 . . 701 .. 601 .1,616 . . 348 .. 201 .. 359 .. 701 .. 201 .. 350 . .4,454 ... 754 ... 870 ..1,817 ... 230 ... 478 ... 749 . . . 250 . . . 500 ... 784 . .1,001 ... 301 ... 365 ... 643 . . . 288 . . 800 .2.612 . . 301 . . 601 . . 314 .1,875 .. 300 .1,814 19,973 .. 439 .3,943 . . . 876 ..1,697 . . . 201 , . . 429 .4,592 .1,748 . . 365 . . 551 . . 434 . . 805 10,190 . . 350 .1,084 .1,500 .2,127 Stanton Starford '.a Starjunction . .a Starners 5 Starrucca State College. . .2 State Line 5 Stauffer 3 Steamburg Steckman 5 Steelton 4 Sterling '. .1 Sterling Run. . .i Stevens 6 Stevensville .' . . Stewartstown . .5: Stickney ... i Stiles '.41 Stockdale 51 Stockertown . ..4! Stockton 3 Stoneboro i( Stonerstown . ..5^ Stormstown . . .2( Stouchsburg . . .6; Stoyestown ... .5; Strafford .... 65 Straight 1^ Strangford ....Si Strasburg .... 6| Strattonville . ..'is Straustown . . . Gi Strong .'28 *Stroudsburg . .32 Sturgeon 3( Suedberg 4; Sugargrove ... .3 Sugarloaf .... 31 Sugar Notch... 31 Sugar Run 7 Sugar Run 3 Sumerhill 39 Summerville . . .24 Summit '39 Summithill . . . Si Summit Mills. . 53 Sumneytown . .65 Sunbury 28 Superior ..... .37 Susquehanna . 8 SutersviUe ... .37 Suter 3^ Swarthmore ! 64 Swedeland .... 65 Sweet Valley . 31 Swissvale 36 Swoyers . 31 Sybertsville '.'.'.'31 Sygan 3(; Sykes 04 Sykesville . '. '. '24 gy'van 56.- Sylvania 7. T Tamaqua 47 Tanners Falls. .9! Tannersville . . .33 Tarentum 36! Tarrs 37. Tatamy 49 Taylor 20 Telford 66 Telford 65.' Temple 62. Templeton ....23 Tenmile Bottomll. Terrace .... 36 Terre Hill 61 Thomasville . Thompson . . . Thompson town Thornbury Thornhill .... Three Springs Throop Tidionte .... Tioga Tiona *Tionesta . . .' Tipton Titusville ... Tohyhanna . . Tomhicken . . . Topton Toughkenamon *Towanda . . . Tower City. . . . Townville . ." .' Trafford . . . Trainer .... Transfer ....'.' Trappe . . . . ' ' Trauger . . . ' ' Tredyffrin . Treichlers . . Tremont . . Tresckow Trestle .... Treveskyn , Trevorton . Trexlertown Tripoli .... Trout Run. Troutville . Troy Truckville . Truemans .... Trumbauersvill Tryonville Tullytown . .'.', Tulpehocken . , *Tunkhannock Tunnelhill . Tunnelton . . . ' Turbotville Turtle Creek. .. Tuscarora . Twilight Tyler Tylersburg Tylersport Tyrone . . . .59 ..8 43, .36. .36. .41, 20. ...3. ..6. . ..3. .13. .40. . ..2. ..33. .31. .62. 63. . ...7. .47. .. .2. ..37. ..64. . .10. . .65. ..37 ..63. . .49. .47. . .32. . .36. .36. . .28. ,.48. .48., .17., .25., ..7.. ..31.. ■ 13.. e66. . . 2 ,'.66;; .62. . .19.. .39. . .38.. .36. ..47. .50. .25. .12. .65. .40. ... 401 322 . . . 293 ... 230 . . . 401 . . . 248 ..5,133 ..1,324 ... 533 ... 301 ... 803 . . . 401 • .8,533 . . . 601 . . . 201 . . . 809 . . . 241 . .4,281 . . 2,325 . . . 317 . . 1,959 . . . 201 . . . 401 . . . 398 1,201 . . . 401 , . . 250 ..2,067 . . . 501 . . 201 .2,500 . 1,500 .. 475 . . 501 .. 281 .. 261 .1,288 .. 201 . . 201 .. 611 .. 201 . . 622 . . 287 .1,598 . . 661 . . 201 . . 365 .4,995 . . 701 . . 468 .1,501 . . 250 . . 354 .7,176 Loca. Pop. Venetia 50. Verona 36. Versailles 36. Village Green. .64! Villanova 64. Vintage 61." Vintondale . . ..39; W Wakefield ... 61 Walford 21; Walkers Mills. .36* Wall 36. VVallaceton . . ..25 Walnut Bottom57. Walnut Port. . .49. Walniuttown Walston .... Waltersburg Walters Park! Wampum . . . Wanamie . . . Wapwallopen * Warren .... W'arrendale . Warrensville Warrior Run...,„. Warriors Marlt;4l' Warwick 63. * Washington . .50. Washington Boro 61. Washington Mine 52. Washingtonville29.' .62 ..24. .52. .62. ..21. . .31. .31. . ..3. ..36. .17. .28 . . . 501 .2,849 .1,437 .. 237 .. 201 .. 300 .1,411 ...215 . . . 501 . . . 501 . .1,962 . . . 324 . . . 251 . . . 401 ..1,039 ..1,001 . . . 501 . . . 201 . . . 980 . .1,502 . . . 301 ,11,080 .1,001 . . 701 .1,251 . . 301 . . 250 18,778 U Uledi Ulster Ulysses Unamis Union City. . . Union Dale. . .46. .26. .63. .31. Union Deposit. .46 Union Furnace. 41 Union Grove. . .61 *Uniontown . . '^•' Union town . . . Unionville . . . LTnionville . . . United Unity Station. .36 Universal 36 Upland 64 T'pper Darby. . .64. Upper Dehigh. .31, Upper Providence . .64. Upper Strasburg56. Urey 38. Ursina 53. Utahville 25; I'tica n. Uwchland 63; V Valencia 22. Valier 24 Valley Camp. . .37; Valley Forge. . .63. Valley Junction20. Valley View. . ..47 Vanderbilt Vandergrift Vandergrift Heights . Vandling . . Van Meter Van Ormer. Vanport .52. .37. .37. .20. .37. .39. 35. Venango 2 ..1,501 ... 301 ... 901 ... 250 . . 3,684 ... 355 ... 475 . . . 201 ... 200 .13,344 . .. 291 . . . 343 . . . 501 . . . 500 . . . 500 . . . 801 ..2,221 . . . 501 . . . 651 . . . 249 , . . 250 , . . 207 . . 338 . . 301 .. 265 .. 301 .. 240 . . 601 . . 401 . . 301 .9,331 . . 500 .1,198 .3,876 .3,438 . . 985 . . 400 . . 601 . . 301 . . 251 1, ...33. . . 54 . . ..28. ;;Ti; ..20. — 9. . ..64. ...56. . .51. ..32. ...37. , ..49. ..37. . .14. ..38. ..32. ...3. . .65. ..53. . ..6. . ...1. ..53. ..59.. ..37., ..62.. ..40. . ..23.. 1.. Waterford Water Gap. . Waterside Watsontown Waiters . . . Watlsburg . Waverly . . . Waymart . . Wajne Waynesboro * VVaynesburg AVeatherly . \\'eavers Old Stand .... Weave rsville Webster ... Weodville . . Wehrum Weissport . . W"eldbank . . I Weldon ..... Wellersburg , *Wellsboro Wellsburg . . Wellscreek . . Wellsville . . . Wendel Wernersville Wertz Weskit Wesley ville ^ West Alexander50 W'est Apollo. . ..37 West Bangor... 59 West Brownsville ..50 *West Chester. .63 W'est Consho- hocken 65 West Coplay Junction . . ..48 West Decatur. .25, West Easton...49, West Elizabeth. 36, West End 11. West Fairfield. 37. West Fairview.57. Westfield 6 West Finley. . ..50. West Freedom.. 12. Westgrove . . . .63. West Hamburg. 62. West Hanover. 46. West Hazleton.31. West Hickory.. 13. West Homestead . .36. West Kittaning.23. Westland 50. West Leesport..62. West Leisenring.53. West Liberty. ..22. West Manav"unk65. West MiddlesexlO. ... 660 ..3,001 ...213 ... 724 . . . 446 . . . 201 ..1,951 . . . 201 . . . 283 . . . 515 ...413 ..2,750 ..7,200 ..3,545 ..2,501 . . . 350 . . . 200 . .1,001 . . . 301 . . . 601 , . . 638 , . . 201 , . . 300 . . 200 .3,183 . . 400 . . 300 . . 308 .1,001 . . 364 . . 200 . . 500 . . 500 .. 426 . . 501 .. 300 .2.036 .11,767 ..2,202 ..1,001 . . . 525 ..1,033 . . . 841 . . . 495 , . . 206 , . . 950 .1,207 .. 201 .. 301 .1,261 . . 200 . . 401 .4,715 . . 351 .3,009 . . 589 .. 501 . . 436 .1,201 . . 200 . . 500 .1,157 176 Pennsylvania Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Tuwii West Middle- town 50. , West Milton. ..27. , West Moncssen.50. West Monterey.13. , Westmont 39. West Newton. .37. , Westover 25. , West Moor 31., West Pittsburgh3(i. , West Pittsbui-gh21. , West Pittston. .31. , West Point . Westport . . West Reading. West Reynoldsville 24. West Salisbury. 53. . "U^est Springfieldl. . West Sunbury ..23 . . West Telford. ..65. . West View 36. . Westville 24. . West Winfield..22. . West Wyoming.31.. West York 59. . Wheatland ... .10. . Whitaker 36. . .65. .16. . 63 . . . 274 . . 375 . . 600 . . 601 . 1,468 .2,880 . . 569 . . 400 .1,000 . . 501 . 6,846 . . 250 . . 248 .2,064 . . 933 . . 701 . . 280 . . 283 , . 664 . 1,626 . . 501 . . 501 .1,621 .2,435 . . 955 .1,547 Loca. Pop. Toil- II White Whitedeer . . . . White Haven. Whitemarsh . . White Mills. .. Whitepine . . . . Whitney Wickboro .... Wiconisco . . . . Wigton Wilcox Wilgus 'Wilkes-Barre ^Vilkinsburg . . Williams Williamsburg Wiliams Grove * Williamsport Williamstown Wilock Willow Grove. Willow Street. Wilmerding . . Wilmore Wilpen Wilson Winburn Windber .38. .27. .31. .65. ..9. .17. .37. .23. .43. . 201 . 351 1,438 . 300 1,500 . 500 . 880 2,775 2,900 .25 350 .14. . .1,037 .38 250 .31. .67,105 .36. .18,924 .53 200 .40. .1,523 .25 400 .17. .31,860 .46. . .2,904 .36 500 .65 800 .61 200 .36. . .6,133 .39 314 .37 200 .36. . .1,108 .1,500 .8,013 Loca. Pop. Totrn Windgap 49 Windham Windsor . . . Winfleld . . . Winfleld . . . Winterburn Winterstown Win ton .... Wireton . . . Wiliner .... Womelsdorl' Woodbury . Woodland . . "Woodlawn . Woods Run. Woodville 36 Woodward ... .26 Woolrich 16 Wormleysburg .57 Worthington ..23 Wrightsville ...59 Wurtemberg . .21 Wyalusing 7 Wyano 37 Wyncote 65 Wyndmoor ... .65 Vfyoming 31 Wyomissing . . .62 .59. .25. .59. .20. .37. .61. .62. .54. .25. .35. .50. . . 832 . . 301 . . 697 . . 301 . . 501 . . 201 . . 238 .5,280 .1,000 . . 301 .1,301 . . 255 .1,201 .1,396 . . 944 . . 501 . . 401 . . 251 . . 809 . . 436 .2,051 . . 500 . . 580 . . 300 . . 260 . . 200 .3,010 . . 985 Poi,. \ Yard ley Yates Yatesboro . . . . Yatesville ... Yoadon Yeagertown . . Yerkes Yoe Yohogany . . . , *York Yorkana .... Yorkhaven . . , York New Salem York Springs. Youngstown Youngsville Youngwood . . Yukon Zehner . . . . Zelienople Zerbe Zeiglerville Zion Grove . 66 . .31. .23. .31. .64. .42. .65. .59. .37. .59. .59. .59. ..59. .58. .37. ..3. .37. .37. .47. .65. .47. , . . 894 , . . 433 .2,001 ...573 . . . 883 , . . 533 ...201 . . . 567 . . . 400 .44,730 . . . 500 . . . 793 221 . . 300 . . . 323 . .1,406 . .1,881 ..1,001 . . 201 .1.388 . . 301 . . 400 . . 201 PENNSYLVANIA A Remarkable State Which Stands First in the Production of Many Important Commodities. Undoubtedly one of the best states for the land seeker is that which has the greatest number of resources, so that if agriculture and the purchase of land is not immediately possible, some other industry can be followed, until the opportunity for getting a home and land comes forward. While not the largest in area Pennsylvania is remarkable for having within its borders such great amount and variety of raw material pertaining to the necessities of life. The people of this state are to be commended also for the utilization of their natural resources in such great degree. To il- lustrate: Water is a raw material and the enterprise of Pennsylvania changes it from fluid to solids in such great quantity that the state, in one of the late average years produced ice to the value of $2,038,504. GREAT IRON MANUFACTURING CENTER. In iron and steel Pennsylvania was first with products valued at $434,445,200, or 54 per cent of all iron produced in the United States. This state stood first in the manufacture of Coke, Pennsylvania reporting annual products valued at $22.2S2,3.'>S, or 62.6 per cent of all coke manu- factured. This was the state most prominent in the making of glass, its annual products being worth $23,274,113. With anthracite coal area of 480 square miles and bituminous 9,000 square miles, it is not sur- prising that its coal product in 190.5 was valued at $127,534,895. exceeding more than 50 per cent of all the other output of coal in the United States. In a late year the state stood first also in leather, its product being valued at $55,615,009. In the construction of steam and street railroad cars Pennsylvania stood first with annual products worth $63,570,599. In petroleum refining this state is first, with annual product valued at $34,977,706. It stands first in the production of natural gas, with a value of $5,528,610. Salt springs, yielding over 300,000 barrels of salt annually, limestone, sandstone quarries, and fire clay production are among the growing industries being developed. Pennsylvania leads in production of Portland cement. The output in 18!)7 was 1,200.000 barrels. value $1,740,000, and since then greatly increased annually. Prosperous manufacturing centers are Philadel- phia with over 18,000 factories and over 300,000 operatives. Pittsburg, one of the most important cities in the world, in brass, iron, steel, copper, glass and paper, and with the natural gas region around it. Another great advantage pertaining to the state is that of transportation. On June 1, 1905. Penn- sylvania had 11,155.84 miles of railroad, and canal and slack water navigation of 725 miles. Erie possesses one of the best harbors on Lake Erie, with a coast line of 45 miles, and has a large ex- port and import trade, and Philadelphia has four lines of European steamers, affording outlet to all parts of the world. Thus it is seen that being near the great central markets, the abundant facilities for quickly and cheaply reaching them, healthy climate and great agricultural product, indicating fertile soil, the land seeker will be able with his family to get a support in this state, and cannot go far amiss if he makes Pennsylvania his abiding place. CONDENSED IMPORT.ANT F.4CTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Highest in the state. Allegheny Range has an elevation of from 2,000 to 2,800 feet. Climate. — Average January temperature at Phila- delphia, 32; July 76; extreme warmest 103; coldest 6 below. Annual rainfall 39. S inches. Average January temperature at Pittsburg 30; July 74; ex- treme warmest 103; coldest 20 below. Yearly rain- fall 36.7 inches. Dimensions. — Extreme length of the state from north to south, ISO miles; width from east to west, 300 miles. History. — First visited by Henry Hudson in Dela- ware Bay, 1609. Lord De la Warr from whom the bay was named, entered its mouth 1010. Fort Nassau built by the Dutch on Delaware river in 1623. First actual settlement by Swedish colonies at Tinicum Island 1643. Whole territory between Delaware and Hudson river taken by Dutch of New Amsterdam 1655. Conquered by the English l';64. Recovered b.v Dutch 1673. Reverted to British 1G74. Charter granted for Pennsylvania Territorj' to William Penn, who located at New Castle Oct. 27, 10.S2. and founded Philadelphia. Penn's humane treatment of the Indians and colonists caused prosperity in the colony. 0\er 300 houses in Philadelphia in 1684, with a population of 2,500. Penn returned to England in 1701 and died there in 1718. Boundary dispute with Mary- land settled by establishment of Mason and Dixon's line 1767. First Continental Congress met in Phila- delphia 1774. Constitution of the United States adopted and ratified December 12, 1787. Was one of the 13 original states and the second to enter the Union. 177 RHODE ISLAND STATE AND THE 5 COUNTIES OF RHODE ISLAND With Their Boundaries Location and Population of RHODE ISLAND COL'NTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. I'JIO 1 3'.'..' ' 4 5 Providence. . Kent. . Washington. Bristo . . Newport . otal 328,683 29,976 24,154 18,144 33,599 T 542,610 CITIES AND VILLAGES OF RHODE ISLAND WITH 1910 POP- ULATIONS Towns Loca. Pop. Abbottrun 1 250 Adamsville .... 5 ... . 475 Albion 1 850 Antliony 2. . .2,800 Apponaug 2... 1,290 Arctic 2... 3,066 Arlington 1. . .1,226 Arnold Mills. . . .1 303 Ashaway 3 306 Ashland 1 .... 275 Ashton 1. . .2,620 Auburn 1 . . . 5,502 B Barrington Center . . . , Belleville . . Block Island Bridgeton .4 512 .3 200 ..5... 1,273 .1 666 Bristol 4... 8,565 C Carolina 3 250 Centerdale 1... 1,250 Central Falls. . ..1. .22,754 Chepachet 1... 1,425 Clayville 1 330 Conimicut 2.... 200 Coventry 2. . . . 820 Cranston 1.. 21, 107 Crompton 2. . .1,866 D Diamond Hill. . .1 250 *East Green\vich3. . .3,420 East Providencel. .13,750 East Providence Center 1 306 Esmond 1 . . . . 560 Fiskville 1... 2,500 Forestdale 1 . . . . 426 Foster 1 380 Foster Center... 1 650 G Georgiaville .. ..1 .. .1,066 Glendale 1 370 Grants Mills. . . .1 326 Greene 2 830 Greenville 1 . . . . 730 Greystone 1 862 H Harrisville 1. . .2,205 Hillsgrove 2. . .1,202 Hope 1... 1,260 Hope Valley 3 402 Howard 1 . . . . 420 Hughesdale 1. . . . 450 Jamestown 5... 1,337 ^Cfy, CITIES AND VILLAGES OF RHODE ISLAND WITH 1910 POPULATIONS Loca. Pop. Kenyon 3. . , ♦Kingston 3. . . 250 200 Lafayette 3 390 Lakewood 2 . . . . 650 Lime Rock 1 490 Little Compton..5. . .1,232 Longmeadow . ..2. . . . 350 Lonsdale 1. . .3,509 Lymansville . . ..1. . . . 766 31 Manville 1. . .4,062 Mapleville 1 607 Meshanticut . . ..1 . . . . 462 Middletown . . . .5 . . . 1,581 N Narragansett Pier 3. . .1,066 Nasonville 1 . . . . 545 Natick 2. .11,950 Navatt Point. . ..4. . . . 641 ♦Newport 5.. 27,149 New Shoreham..5. . .1,273 Niantic 3. . . . 250 Nooseneck Hill ..2. . . . 200 North Scituatc.l. . .1,060 Loca. Pop. North Tiverton. . 5. . .1,650 Norwood 2 . . . . 650 Oakland 1 490 Oakland Beach.. 2. ... 506 Oak Lawn 1 836 Pascoag 1. . .2, Pawtucket 1. .5li Pawtuxet 1 ... 2, Peace Dale 3...1, Phenix 2 . . .4, Phillipsdale . ...1. . . . Pinehill 3. . . . Point Judith. ...3. . . . Pontiac 2 ... 1, Portsmouth ....5... 2, Potter Hill 3 Providence (capital ) 1 .224, Prudence 5. . . . R River Point 2... 3,420 Riverside 1 . . .1,602 Rockland 1 408 Rockville 3. . . . 250 , Rumford 1. . . . 509 I ,425 ,622 ,700 062 150 700 310 200 902 371 422 326 290 lAirn. Pop. Saylesville 1. . .1,500 Shanaock 3 209 Slatersville 1... 1,566 South Scituate. .1. . . . 710 Summit 2 . . . . 470 Thornton 1. . . . 706 Tiverton 5. . .3,240 Tiverton Four Corners 5. . . . 350 Valley Falls 1. . .4,103 W "Wakefield 3. . .1,066 Warren 4. . .6,585 Warwick 2. . . . 350 Washington . . . .2. . . . 880 West Barrington4. . . . 770 Westerly 3. . .9,000 West Greenwich Center 2. . . . 474 White Rock 3. . . . 309 Wickford 3. . .1,502 Woonsocket .. ..1 . .38,123 Wyoming 3. . . . 320 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns: Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1010. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. .Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 178 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises RHODE ISLAND Smallest in Area of Any One of the United States — rotation of tlie First Cotton Factory in the I nion and tlie Leading- Center for Print Cloths S}iould the land seeker ask concerning- the induce- ments for settlement in Rhode Island, the reply may be that an old manufacturing region like this affords ample opportunity for getting employment, if not on land, then certainly in some one of the many fac- tories that abound in this state. It is a fact that must always be understood, that in any region it takes a little time to get fixed in the right place. Whether in a Western territory 6v in an old New England State, there are vacancies occurring, from time to time, in the various avenues of enterprise and employment which call for every kind of brain and hand. With the tens of thousands of different men it is impossible that all can be kept continually in the same groove. By death, restless- ness, discharge, accidents and otherwise, one officer after another, one mechanic after another, one lab- orer after another, will fall out of the ranks and his place must be filled. While that Is true in the field of mechanics and clerical employ, it is true in the domain of agricul- tural enterprise and ownership. However desirable locations and neighborhoods may be for gardening or farming, lands always will be offered for sale in choice localities, and the land seeker has only to visit such places as fancy and judgment may select, bide his time, watch the opportunity and obtain what is desired. CENTRAL, POINT FOB DLSTRIBUTION. Examination shows that Rhode Island is very fa- vorably located for commercial advantage. It has a good climate, with an annual average teinperature of about 48 at Providence, and .50 at Newport, with a yearly rainfall of 44.81 inches at Providence. While not a mountainous region it is hilly, with a soil,, to the West of Narragansett Bay, naturally better adapted to grazing than to the growing of cereals and vegetables. And yet, through fertilization, and through cultivation, the small farms and market gardens in the vicinity of the cities afford liberal support for their owners. That the people of Rhode Island are attached to their farms, their gardens, and their factories, is shown in the fact that instead of emigrating: to other parts of the world, where agricultural conditions would seem to be better, they continue to remain — they, their children, and their children's children — right here in Rhode Island until population is so dense as to give over 508 persons to the square mile. NATURAL MANUFACTURING POINT. Investigation shows that while agriculturists and horticulturists do well here, it is not the soil which holds them. In fact, census returns show that less than one-fifth of the people engage in agriculture, but that the great majority are employed in factories and manufacturing. Though the streains generally are small they furnish such an abundance of power as to make the state, with its accessibility to mar- kets, aided by railroads and Narragansett Bay, which extends up 28 miles into the state, an ideal region for manufacturing, and shipment of goods to the nearby great markets. BEGUN IN THLS STATE. It was here at PawtucUet, on Pawtucket River. where the first cotton factory in America was erected in 1700. It is near here, at Providence, that the great Corliss engine works are located. Providence, with its immense woolen and cotton mills, is widely celebrated as being the leading market for prim cloths in the United States. As a general manufacturing point Providence is a center for silverware, .fewelry, hardware and sewing machines; Pawtucket for its extensive print, d.veing and bleaching works, files ami cardboard; Woon- socket, for its cotton manufactures: Valley Falls its horseshoes, and Bristol its rubber works, and its torpedo boats, launches and yachts. The shell fisheries are important. The commerce is chiefly domestic. Providence, being so far up in the interior by water navigation, up Narragansett Bay, and river. Providence receives large quantities of coal and cotton for neighboring states as well as for the home supply, and ships manufactured goods. Being a very central inland seaport, much merchan- dise is received and shipped from here for the Bos- ton trade. WHY TWO CAPITALS FOR THE STATE. People will query why so small a state should find it necessary to have had so long two state capi- tals. It is the old story of two families living in one house, ^s'hile they could pleasantly visit each other from distant points, moving in together made a familiarity that bred contempt, which resulted in quarrel. The differences here date back to 163(1 when Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for too much liberality in religion and look up his residence in this state at the head of a colony. William Cod- dington came in 1039 at the head of another colony, located on the island where Newport and Portsmouth are situated, followed by John Greene and .Samuel Godin, who headed a settlement at Warwick in 1G43. In the meantime Roger Williams went to England and obtained a patent for the united government of the settlements. Following this patent, which ex- pired in lt>G3, a charter was secured froin Charles II of England incorporating the colony of Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations, which was the only constitution of governi-nent for 180 years. This old charter of 1063 during the 180 years, brought old conditions up to 1843, when Providence, Pawtucket and other towns, dissatisfied with their small repre- sentation in the legislative councils, though niany times larger than Newport, had a constitutional con- vention called and secured the necessary votes to make Providence the seat of government. State offi- cers were elected, but in the attempt to secure the capital for Providence the party in power claimed that the old charter was in force, that the election was illegal, that the attempt to take the reins of government was rebellion, and when the people met to enforce the provisions of the new election they were met with a military force and dispersed. Not only that, but the newly elected governor was ar- rested as a traitor and imprisoned for a time. ENDE.WOR TO GET ONE CAPITAL. As a compromise a new state constitution was pre- pared and adopted by the people which made Provi- dence and Newport each alternately the capital of the state, and such was the condition since 1.S43 until the adoption of an amendment to the state constitution in 1!I0() which caused Providence to be- come the capital of the state. The story is much longer than we have told it here as to the cause of the two capitals, but this was the case in brief. Land seekers will not worry, however, about old history. On the contrary, they will act wisely when they investigate why so many people can live and prosper in so small a space. The re- sult may be that they will find here what they want. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. Highest. Poscoag Hill, in northwest cor- ner of Providence County. 3!)4 feet. Climate. Average yearly. Providence, 47.91: New- port, 4!l.3ft. Average January. 30; July. 70. Highest, 92. Lowest. 8 below. Annual rainfall, 50.0. Dimensions. Length of state, from north to south. 50 miles. Width from east to west, 3.'. miles. Area of the state, 1,250 square miles. History. One of the 13 original states. Ratified the United States Constitution and entereil the Union, 1790 First settlement made at Providence by Roger Williams. lOSO. Charter for Rhode Island and Provi- dence obtained from Charles II of England in 16C3. Portsmouth and Newport settled 1638 and 1G39. 179 SOUTH CAROLINA STATE AND THE 43 COUNTIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA With Their Boundaries /? 1 t3/ 75 ^ \ y^ 23 / / 34 / AU&Wt) <^ ■^ -^ 3t — ' ^ ' !,37>r38^ 39 ^ 40 S /43 35 ^ .^ AV r SAVAWNAJ LOCATION AND POPrLATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA COUNTIES Lora. Cl: until Pop. 1.. .... Oconpe. .27,337 2, . .... Pickens. .25,422 3... . . . Anderson . . 69,568 4. . . Greeneville. ,68.377 5.. Spartanburg. .83,465 6... . . . Cherokee. .26.179 7. .. Union . .29,911 «... York. .47.718 9... . . . . Chester. .29,125 10.. . Lancaster. .26.6.50 11 . . . Chesterfield. .26.301 12. . . . . . Marlboro. .31,189 Lora. County 13 Abbeville. 14 Laurens. 15. . . . Greenwood. 16 Newberrv. 17 Fairfield. 18 Kershaw. 19 Lee. 20. . . . Darlinpton . 21 Dillon. 32 Edgefield. 23 Saluda. Pop. .804 550 225 586 ,443 ,094 .818 .027 ,615 ,281 943 Lara. County 24 Lexington. 25 Richland. 26 Sumter. 27 Florence. 28 Marion. 29 Horry. 30 Aiken. 31... Orangeburg. 32 Calhoun. 33.... Clarendon. 34. . Williamsburg. Pop. ,32,040 ,55,145 ,38,472 .35,671 ,20.396 .26.995 .41,849 .55,892 .16,634 .32,188 .37,626 Loca. County Pop. 35... Georgetown. .22,270 36 Barnwell.. 34,209 37 Bamberg.. 18,544 38 Dorchester. .17,891 39 Berkeley. .23,487 40 Hampton . .25,146 41 Colleton. .25,390 42 Beaufort.. 30,355 43 Charleston . . 88,594 Total 1,515,400 South Carolina Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations L(,ca. Pop. 'Abbeville Adams Run *Aiken . . . . Alcolu . . . . Allen Allendale . •Anderson Arcadia . . . Ardella . . . .13.. .43. . .30., .33. ,.29.. .36. . .3. , , . .5. .4,459 . . 200 .3,911 . . 458 . . 200 .1,453 .9,654 . . 306 . . 390 Loca. Pop. Arial 28. . Arkwright 5. . B *Bamberg 37. . *Barnwell 36. . Batesburg 24.. Bath 30.. *Beaufort 42. . Belton 3. . *BennettsviIle .12.. 508 560 ,937 ,324 ,995 560 ,486 .652 .646 Towns Loca. Pop. Bessie Bethune . . . *Bishopville Blacksburg . Blackville . . Blenheim . . Bluffton Bordeaux. . . Bowman . . . Bradley . . . . . .4. .18. , . 19 . . .6. .36. .12. .42. .13. .31. .15. . . 250 . . 317 .1,659 .1,119 .1,278 . . 228 . . 577 . . 326 . . 327 . . 279 Toicna Loca. Pop. Branchville ...31. .1,471 Brandon 4. . . 302 Brunson 40. .. 610 Bucklick 17. .. 490 Buffalo 7. .2,062 C Calhoun 2. .. 215 Calhoun Falls. .13. .. 296 *Camden 18. .3,569 Cameron 32 . .. 421 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Popiilation. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 180 South Carolina Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations T'licns Loca. Pop. Campobello Carlisle Cartersville . . Cateechee . . . . Central Chapin ♦Charleston . . Cheraw Cherokee Falls •Chesterfield. . ♦Chester Clemson CoUegi Clifton Clinton Clio Clover Cokesbury .... Colemans .... Colliers , Columbia (capital) ... Converse - *Conway Cottageville . . Cowpens Crocketville . . . Cromer Cross Anchor . . Cross Hill D ..5. . .7. .27. . .2. . .2. .24. .43. .11. ..6. .11. ..9. 3.1. ..5. .14. .12. ..8. .15. .23. .22. .25. . .5. .29. ,41. .5. 40. 16. .5.. 14., ♦Darlington Denmark ♦Dillon Donalds . . . . Drayton . . . . Due West . . Dunklin . . . . .20. .37. . .21. .13. . .5. .13. ..4. ... 367 ...314 ... 390 ... 886 ... 345 .58,833 ..2,873 . . . 591 . . . 618 ..4,754 . . . 496 ..6,066 . '. . '780 . . 1,207 . . . 756 . .3,009 . .2,062 .26.319 . . 1,098 ..1,228 . . . 418 . .1,101 . . . 200 , . . 558 ..3,789 .1,075 .1,757 . . 268 .. 208 .. 672 .. 220 Easly Eastover Eau Claire . . Ebenezer ♦Edgefield . . . . Edisto Island. Ehrhardt El'.enton Elliott Elloree Enoree Enterprise . . . Estill Eutawville . . . Exchange . . . . F Fairfax Fairforest . . . . Fingerville . . . ♦Florence . . . . Forkshoals . . . Fort Lawn . . . Fort Mill Fort Motte. . . . Fountain Inn. G .25. .25. .27. .22. .43. .37. .30. .19. .31. . .5. .43. .40. .31. .43. .36. . .5. , . .5. . .27.. ..4., . .9. . . .8. , .32. . . .4.. ♦Gaffney 6. ♦Georgetown . .35. Gilbert 24. Glendale 5. , Goldville 14. Golightly 5., .2,983 . . 237 .1,234 .1,190 .1,771 .4,066 . . 315 .. 367 .. 562 . . 540 .2,100 .2,026 .. 460 . . 405 .. 396 .. 499 .. 306 . . 320 .7,057 .. 360 . . 204 .1,616 . . 392 .. 979 .4,767 .5,530 . . 450 .. 800 . . 204 . . 336 To 101.1 L'jca. Pop. Gourdin .... Grahamville Graniteville Gray Court . . Great Falls.. Greeleysville ♦Greenville . . ♦Greenwood . Greer ..34. . .42. .30. .14. .. .9. .34. . .4. .15. ..4. . . . 200 . . . 293 , .2,520 . . 284 . . 226 . . 630 15,741 .6,614 .1,673 H Hamburg .... ♦Hampton . . . Hardeeville . . Hartsville . . . . Heath Springs, Helena Hendersonville. Hickory Grove. Highland Hix Hodges Holly Hill Honea Path . . . Huntersville . . . Inman Irmo Iva . . . . .5. . .24. ...3. . . 484 . . 748 . . 649 .2,365 . . 452 . . 425 . . 319 . . 285 . . 200 . . 602 . . 266 . . 343 .1,763 . . 250 474 267 894 James Island.. 43. Jefferson 11. Johns Island. . .43. Johnston 23. Jonesville 7. Jordan 33. Kathwood Kershaw . , ♦Kingstree Kline K .30. ..10. .34. .36. Ladies Island. .43. Lake City Lamar . . . ♦Lancaster Lando . . . Landrum . Langley . . Latta .... Laurel . . . Laurens . . Leeds .... Leesville . Lenud . . . Levys .... ♦Lexington Liberty -.; . Liberty Hill 18. I.iima 4. Lisbon 14. Little Moun- tain 16. .27 ..30. ..10. ...9. . . .5. . .30. ..21. ..35. ..14. . . .9. ..34. . .34. ..43. . .24. Lockhart . . . Lodge Loris Lowndesville Lowryville . Lumber 20. Lydia 30. . .7., .41. .29. , .13.. ..9. .2,022 . . 390 .1,000 . . 943 . . 969 .. 362 .. 308 .. 682 .1,372 .. 226 .3,026 .1,074 . . 592 .2,098 .. 296 .. 449 . 1,500 .1,358 222 ! 4,818 .. 350 . . 980 .. 250 . . 209 . . 709 . 1,05« . . 263 .. 420 . . 341 . . 440 .2,096 . . 202 . . 229 . . 350 . . 343 . . 328 .1,513 Loca. Pop. Lynch . . Lynchburs .19. M McClellanviiie .43 McColl 12; McConnellsville..8.' McCormick . . . .Vi. Madison i \ .33. .28. .27. .43. .31, .36. .43. Manning ♦Marion Mars Bluff Maryville May Mayesville Meggett . ♦Monks Corner. 39. Moultrieville ..43. Mount Carmel. .13. Mt. Pleasant. . .43 Mullins 28. N Navy Yard 43. ♦Newberry .... 16. New Brookland.24! Newry x. Neyles 41. Ninety-six ....15. North 31. North Augusta. 30! Norway 31 . O Olanta 37. Olar 37] Oldpoint 8! •Orangeburg. . .31. .1,013 .. 406 . . 974 .1,628 . . 279 . . 613 . . 208 .1,854 .3,844 . . 450 . . 473 . . 290 . . 751 .1,090 . . 306 .1,011 . . 364 .1,346 . 1,882 .1,660 .5,028 . . 926 . . 920 . . 360 . . 758 . . 561 .1,136 .. 315 . . 230 . . 350 . . 250 .5,906 Pacolet Pageland .... Paris Island. Pelham Pelzer Pendleton . . . ♦Pickens .... Piedmont ... Pinewood ... Pinopolis .... Pomaria Ponpon Port Royal . . . Prosperity . . . Q Quick B Reedy River Factory . . . . Reevesville . . . Richburg Ridgeland . . . . Ridge Spring. . Ridgeville . . . . Ridgeway . . . . Rockhill Rowesville . . . Rural ♦St. George. St. Helena Island . . . . .5. .11. .43. . .4. .30. . .3. . .3. . .4. .33. .39. .16. .43. .43. .16. . . 410 . . 360 . . 306 . . 306 .6,630 . . 833 . . 897 .3,602 . . 431 . . 200 . . 330 . . 360 . . 363 , . 737 .11 260 . . 220 . . 205 . . 245 . . 330 . . 505 . . 328 . . 370 .7,216 . . 508 , . 490 .38 957 .42. . .7,747 Townn I. oca. Pop. *St. Matthews. St. Stephen. . . Salley ♦Saluda Sampit Sandyrun . . . . Scranton Sellers Seneca Shandon .....' Sharon Silver .'. Simpsonville . Smoaks Snelling Society Hill. .' ." South Lynch- burg Sparjun ♦Spartanburg . Springfield . . . Star Steedman .... Stillwood Stokesbridge . Summerton . . . Summerville . ♦Sumter Swansea Tatum Timmonsville Townville . . . Trenton Troy Tucapau . . . . .1,377 . . 408 . . 311 . . 610 . . 200 .1,610 . . 308 . . 458 .1,313 . . 795 . . 374 . . 200 . . .521 . 290 . 338 . 580 ...275 . . . 490 .17,517 . . . 438 . . 364 , . . 320 . . 306 .3,131 , . . 678 .3,355 .8,109 . . 523 . . 335 .1,708 . . 255 . . 257 . . 233 .. 866 V 'Union 7. ..5,633 Varnville Vaucluse W Wagoner ♦Walhalla . . .. ♦Walterboro .. Wando Warrenville . . Wedgefield . . . Welford Westminster . West Union . . . Westville Whitehall .... White Pond. . . Whitmire .... Wilkins Wilksburg . . . Williamston . . Willington . . . Williston Windsor ♦Winnsboro . . Woodruff Woodward . . . , .40. .30. .30. . .1. .41. .3;). .30. .26. . .5. . 542 . 850 . . 362 .1,593 .1,677 . . 250 .. 326 . . 250 . . 370 .1,576 . . 328 .. 847 .. 366 .. 250 .1,045 .3,060 . . 326 .1,957 . . 365 .. 624 . . 200 .1,754 .1.880 . . 396 Y Yemassee 40. ♦Yorkville 8. Yonges Island.. 43. . . 250 .2.326 . . 236 SOUTH CAROLINA A State That Raises Tea, Pays Expense of Bringing Immigrants from Foreign Countries to Soutliern Ports, Entertains New Arrivals witli Cordial Welcome, and Finds Them Good Positions • on Farms or in 3Ianufaeturing Employment One of the very favorably situated states, located on the south Atlantic coast is South Carolina, the state authorities in which are exhibiting a great amount of enterprize in advertising its advantages. To inform land seekers of the face of the country, climate and soil we take the following from Hill's General Cyclopedia. "The area of the state comprises 30.961 square miles. It is 180 miles long, from north to south, and 160 miles wide, from east to west. "The surface may be about equally divided into high, middling and low land, the last named rising from the seacoast. where it is flat and level, and gradually increasing in elevation toward the in- terior., where it attains an average of about 250 feet, continuing to the north line where, after vary- ing from ."JOO to .SOO feet, it reaches an elevation "of 1,000 feet at Table Mountain in Pickens County. LOW M.4RSHY L.4XD NE.4R THE COAST "The land along and near the coast is low, marshy and swampy, especially on the river banks, rolling and diversified toward the center, and undulating near the mountain slope, but in places al>rupt. King's Mountain rising almost perpendicularly rH'0 feet. "The land is well drained by numerous rivers, the largest of which, the Santee. formed by the Saluda, Congaree. Catawba and Wateree. uniting at the center of the state. There are several smaller 181 South Carolina Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises rivers the power on which is being developed for manufacturing. CLI3IATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA "Tlie climate is mild and genial, snow falling; in the mountains but rarely in the middle sections, and seldom or never along: the coast. The average yearly temperature at Charltston is 65. The rain- fall ranges Irom 60 inches on the coast to 40 inches in the mountains, with 48 inches in the interior. "The soil in the low country is remarkably fertile, tlie several swainps and reclaimed marshes, being admirably adapted to the cultivation of rice, while the sandy loam of the sea islands and surrounding mainland, produces the finest long staple black seed, or sea island cotton of silky fiber. Abundant crops are raised of wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, buck- wheat, peas, beans, sugar, tobacco, indigo, sorghum, broom corn, sunflower, Guinea corn, sweet and Irish potatoes, hemp, flax and hops. WHAT KINDS OF ORCHARDS HERE "Numerous orchards all over the state furnish quantities of apples, pears, quinces, plums, peaches, nectarines, apricots, cherries, and along the coast, figs, oranges, lemons, olives and pomegranates. The raspberry, blackberry, mulberry and whortleberry are produced. The strawberry is extensively cul- tivated along the coast. The grape g:rows wild in many portions of the state and in great varieties. The gardens and farms produce, in abundance, turnips, beets, p.irsnips, carrots, artichokes, mustard, benne, rhubarb, arrowroot, water and musk melons, cucumbers, cabbages, kale, lettuce, cayenne pepper, squashes, okra, pumpkias, onions, leeks, beans, radishes, celery, green peas and tomatoes. "The forests consist of long and short leaved pine, magnolia, sweet and black gum, white, water, live and red oak, black walnut, elm, hickory, maple, sycamore, ash, cypress, chestnut, beech, locust, per- simon, dogwood and poplar. MINERALS OF SOUTH CAROLINA "Minerals are liberally diffused over the state. The g:old belt extends from the north Carolina line in a southwesterly direction. Granite is abundant in many counti.es. But the most important mineral product of South Carolin.a is the famous deposit of phosphate rock extending about 70 miles from the. mouth of the Broad River, near Port Royal, to the headwaters of the Wando, north of Charleston. "Manufactures are growing in importance, chief among them being cotton yarn and cloth, flour, lumber, turpentine and fertilizers. The cotton seed industry is one of the thriving lines of industry." FISHERY BUSINESS The fisheries of South Carolina are of consider- able importance, but the warm climate, fertile soil, abundant rainfall all indicate that one of the most important industries in the near future will be truck business and market gardening in the vicinity of the towns and cities of the state. It is seen from our enumeration of the different fruits and vegetable products, which can be grown in this climate, that this state has an excellent future for the agriculturist and the horticulturist. Knowing the abundant resources of the state, the authorities of South Carolina have entered upon a vig;orou8 advertisingr of the state for the purpose of bringing in a new population. To that end they have arranged with a certain transportation line to run their steamers from Europe direct to the South Carolina seaports, bringing in a class of people of their own selection in European countries. THE STATE SENDS A COMMISSION DIRECT TO EUROPE To begin the work of upbuilding the state systematii-ally, the state legislature organized the S'outh Carolina State Department of Agriculture, Commerce and Immigration, and to carry forward the work rightly an enterprising capable man has been appointed commissioner, who agrees with the Federal government to bring immigrants into South Carolina and not violate labor laws. To carry the immigration scheme through he personally goes to European countries, arranges with foreign "governments to allow their people to emigrate, sorts out such people as will make good citizens in the United States, pays their fare when necessary, hunts up freight enough coming over and going back to make it an object for the steamer to come direct to a southern port, besides carrying passengers, sees to the reception of these imm"ig>-ants when they get here, aids them in getting into the back districts where their assistance is required in farming districts, and into cotton mills, and other factories where their help is imperatively necessary. GREATLY HELPS IMMIGRANTS The result is the immigrants who come, receive better pay than in their own country, they come into better conditions for themselves and families, and in developing the resources of the South their labor is adding just so much to the wealth and taxable values of the country. While not competing with the laboring classes theV are benefiting every- body who has occasion to buy any product that comes from the South. The South Carolina Immigrant Commissioner does not sto^> at this. He has gathered lists of farm properties for sale, with prices in all parts of the state, puts into pamphlet form these proper- ties for sale, conditions of climate, soil, cost of living in South Carolina, educational advantages, etc.. and any one who will write to the Commis- sioner of Immigration, Columbia, S. C, will receive instructive literature that will prove the superior opportunities offered in this state for land seekers, people that want to buy land, hire land, work for others or work land on shares. RAISING TEA PROFITABLY IN SOUTH CAROLINA This South Carolina immigration literature illus- trates how they are raising tea in South Carolina, where in Tltll they produced 10,000 pounds, worth one dollar a pound; how they produce silk, glass- ware, paints, fertilizing materials, oranges, etc., etc. Tells how one man in Marlboro county grew 2.55 bushels of corn from a single acre, how a couple of Rhode Islanders, who came in here, settled at Beaufort, went into the trucking business, planted 36 acres in radishes; took off a crop, and planted again in radishes, realizing $10,000 from the two crops. The next year they planted the same ground in beets; took off a good crop and followed this with cucumbers, making a good yield. After cucumbers, corn was planted making over 50 bushels to the acre. Five (5) crops on the same ground in the same year, in rotation were gathered. A picture is given in the pamphlet showing these grounds, accom- panied by the statement that these men knew but little of farming at the beginning. HOW NEWCOMERS ABE SUCCESSFUL HERE This literature details how a poor man at Neg- gett, S. C, began working for small wages in ISttl, and is now the largest shipper of cabbage in the woild from his 1,000 acres. The cultivating of that crop costing him .fllO.OOO. Gives the case of an- other man at Yonge's Island who is the largest shipper of cabbage plants. Ships 40,000,000 plants worth $35,000. Sends out 100,000,000 plants in 100 cars. Began a poor man. The largest pecan grower in existence is claimed to be at Mount Pleasant, S. C, having one grove of 600 acres, and two smaller groves with 10,000 trees in each. His annual product is ten tons. But the South Carolina Immigrant Commission does not stop at simply sending out advertising matter. They want everybody — every land seeker, who wishes to change position or improve his con- dition, to write to the commissioner, who will im- mediately send back word telling the cheapest and best way to get here. And that is not all, when the newcomer arrives a reception committee will meet him, entertain him, show him at the per- manent State Exhibit at Columbia the resources of the state, and when he decides what he wants to do and where in the state he wants to locate he will be aided to get there, permanently and profitably settled. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE Altitude — Highest point in the state. Table moun- tain in the Blue Ridge mountains in Pickens county. Climate — Yearly average, at Charleston, 66.3, January average, 49; July 82; extremes: warmest, 104; coldest, 7 above; yearly rainfall, 56.7 inches. Collection of Debt — Open accounts outlaw in 6 vears; promissory notes in 6 years; judgments in 20 years. Legal interest 7 per cent, allowable rate S per cent. Limit of jurisdiction of justice of the peace $100. Exempt from forced sale, home worth $1,(>00 and personal property $500. Dimensions — Length of the state from north to 182 South Carolina Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises south 215 miles, width from east to west 235 miles. Total area of the state 30,570 square miles. Ocean shore line 200 miles. History — One of the 13 original states, ratified National Constitution 17SS. Port Royal Harbor discovered and named by Ribault, a French Hugue- not, who built Fort Carolina on an islend there m lo(>2, but the colonists soon rebelled and returned *5L., Europe. In 1070 a party of English under \Villiam .Sayle founded Port Royal, but 10 years later moved to the present site of Charleston. Separated from North Carolina 1700, became a royal colony 1729. First state constitution, 1776. Present constitution adopted 1896. INFLUENCES WHICH PRECIPITATED THE REBELUON JOHN C. CALHOUN OF SOUTH CAROLINA. "John C. Calhoun, the third son of his parents, was born just at the close of the Revolutionary struggle. He showed himself from early boyhood grave and thoughtful, ardent and persevering. At the age of 13 he took to reading history and metaphysics. His father died about this time, leaving his fainily in moderate circumstances. "Continuing with his mother, John C. lived upon the farm until the age of 19, when he commenced a course of reading, having in contemplation the profession of law. "In June, ISOO. he entered the private academy of his brother-in-law, Dr. Waddel, a Presbyterian clergyman, and two years afterward joined the Junior class of Yale College. He graduated with the highest distinction. Dr. Dwight, the president of the college, remarked, after a discussion with him on the origin of political power,, 'That young inan has talent enough to be president of the United States.' "The next three years he devoted to the study of law, eighteen months of it in the law school at Litchfield, Conn., then the only institution of its kind In the country. "He was soon afterward chosen a member of the State Legislature, and in ISll was elected to Con- gress. Marrying in 1811, he settled in Bath, S. C, a few miles distant from his former home in Abbe- ville and there continued his ' place of residence when absent from Washington. "From the time of his first election to Congress he was almost continuously actively employed as a southern repi'esentative in Congressional legislation, his contemporaries in Congress, among others, being Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, with whom he had many controversies on matters affecting the admis- sion of new states and their attitude on the sub- jest of slavery. '•Tall, dignified, an eloquent speaker and a very forceful reasoner, it is not surprising that he was a man of large influence in the councils of the Nation. CALHOUN IN PRIVATE LITE. Concerning Calhoun as a citizen in private and domestic life, his biographer continues: "As a private citizen Calhoun was highly amiable and exemplary, enjoying the devoted love of his own family and dependents and the entire respect and sincere regard of his neighbors. He had ten children, three daughters who died in early infancy, and five sons and two daughters who survived him. His political views were often gloomy; but in pri- vate life he was uniformly cheerful. He entered into the enjoyments of those around him with a sympathy and kindness that endeared him to all. He was fond of promoting innocent mirth, and, though no jester himself, laughed heartily at the jests of others. "He was fond of reading, and in his youth de- voted much of his leisure to it, but neither his multifarious occupations nor his cast of mind per- mitted him to be a general reader. He, however, enjoyed good poetry, good novels, and able reviews. He was not wealthy, but his pecuniary means under his excellent management were . amply suffi- cient for the wants of his family. Though not musical, he was fond of Scotch and Irish songs and ballads. "He rose early and devoted his mornings to writ- ing. He walked a great deal over his plantation, personally superintending its minutest operations. He was the first or one of the first in that region to cultivate successfully small grain and cotton for market: and he not only haI\ (OlMlliS Loca. County Pop. 1 Harding. 2 Perkins. 3 Corson . 4 Campbell . 5. . . . McPherson. 6 Walworth. 7 Edmonds. 8 Brown. 9 Marshall. 10 Day. 11 Roberts. 13 Butte. 13 Lawrence. 14 Meade. 15 Schnasse. 16 Dewey. 17. . . . Armstrong. 4,228 11,348 2,929 5,244 5,791 6,488 7,654 25,867 8,021 14,372 14,897 4,933 19,694 12,640 1,145 647 Loca. County Pop. 18 Potter. 19 Faulk. 20 Spink. 21 Clark. 22 Codington. 23 Grant. 24.... Pennington. 25 Stanley. 26 Sully. 27 Hughes. 28 Hyde. 29 Hand. 30 Beadle. 31 ... . Kingsbury. 32 Hamlin. 33 Deuel. 34. . . . Brookings. . 4,466 . 6,716 . 15,981 .10,901 .14,092 . 10,303 .12,453 .14,975 . 2,462 . 6,271 . 3,307 . 7,870 .15,776 .12.560 . 7,475 . 7,768 .14,178 Loca. County Pop. 35 Custer.. 4,458 36... Washington 37.. Washabaugh 38 Mellette 3!) Lyman. .10,848 40 Buffalo.. 1,589 41 Jerauld. . 5,120 42 Sanborn.. 6,607 43 Miner.. 7,661 44 Lake.. 10,711 45 Moody. . 8,695 46 Fall River.. 7,763 47 Shannon 48 Bennett 49 Todd 50 Tripp. . 8,323 51 Brule. . 6,451 Loca. County Pop. 52 Aurora. 53 Davison . 54 Hanson, 55 McCook. 5(3.... Minnehaha. 57 Gregory. 58. . . Charles Mix. 59 Douglas. 60. . . Hutchinson. 61 Turner. 62 Lincoln . 63. . . Bonhommo. 64 Yankton. 65 Clay. 66 Union. . 6,143 .11,625 . 6,237 . 9,589 .29,631 .13,061 .14,899 . 6,400 .12,319 .13,840 .12,712 .11,061 .13,135 . 8.711 .10,676 Total 583,888 Cities and Villages of South Dakota with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. A ♦Aberdeen . .8. .10,753 Alcester .66. . . . 409 •Alexandria . . ■54. . . . 955 41 . . . 417 Andover . .10. . . . 446 Arlington .31. ...791 •Armour . ..59. . . . 968 Artas .... .4. . . . 200 Artesian .42. . . . 593 Ashton . . . .20. . . . 430 Aurora . . . .34. ...236 Avon .... .63, . . . 451 B Baltic . . . .56. ...278 •Bellefourc he. .12. . .1,353 Towns Loca. Pop. Beresford 66... 1,117 Bigstone City. .23. ... 751 Blunt 27 566 Bonesteel 57 563 Bowrtle 7 671 Bradley 21 351 Bridgewater ..55.... 934 Bristol 10 444 •Britton 9 901 •Brookings ... .34. . .2,971 Bruce 34 263 Brvant 32. . . . 645 Buffalo Gap. . . .35 280 Burke 57 311 Bushnell 34 208 Butler 10 208 TOii-H.S Loca. Pop. C Canastota . . Canova .... •Canton .... . .55. . ..43. . . . 63 . . . . 50 . . . 409 . 311 2,103 . 390 . 554 . 594 . 408 . 971 . 296 1,275 . 296 1,226 . 704 . 362 . 275 Carthage . . . •Castlewood ..43. . . .32. . . .30. . Centerville . Central City •Chamberlain Claremont . •Clark ..61.. . .13.. .51.. ...8.. . .21. . •Clear Lake Colman .... Colome .... . .33. . ..45. . ..50.. Towns Loca. Pop. Colton Columbia Conde Corona Corsica . . . . Cottonwood Cresbard . . . •Custer . . . . ] Dallas •Deadwood Dell Rapids. Delmont . . . •De Smet. . . Doland . . . . Draper . . . . .56. . .8. .30. .11. .59. . . 407 , . . 235 . . 592 , . . 290 . 286 .25 250 .19 320 .35 602 .57... 1,277 .13. . .3,653 .1,367 . . 369 .1,063 . . 581 . . 211 .56. . .59. . .31., .20. . .39. . Kxplanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns: Second as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population cation. Pop. Means Population, Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat, 184 Column. Number of 1910, Loca, the Same Means Lo- Cities and Villages of South Dakota with 1910 Populations Loai. Pop. E East Sioux Falls 56. Edgemont . . . .46. Egan 45. *Elk Point . . . .66. Elkton 34. Emery 54. Erwin 31 . Estelline 33. Ethan 53. Eureka 5. . . 268 . . 816 . . 516 .1,206 . . 742 , . 446 . . 230 . . 509 . . 312 . . 961 ♦Fairfax . . . . ♦Faulkton . . . Ferney •Flandreau . . Florence . . . . *Fort Pierre. Frankfort . . . Frederick . . . Freeman . . . . .57. .19. .25. .20. . .8. .60. . . 590 . . 802 . . 266 .1,484 . . 270 . . 792 , . 408 . . 433 . . 615 G Garden City. . Garretson . . '. . Gary Gayville Geddes ♦Gettysburg . . Greenwood . . . Gregory Groton 8 21. .. 300 5«, . . 668 33. .. 477 64. . . 257 58. .. 701 18. .. 936 58. . . 390 57. .1,142 .8. .1,108 H Harrold Hartford Hazel Hecla Henry Herreld Herrick Hetland •Highmore . . . Hill City . . . . ♦Hot Springs. Hosmer Hitchcock . . . . .27. .56. .32. . .8. 22 .Tl! .57. .31. .28. .24. .46. . .7. . . 230 . . 648 . . 229 . . 462 . . 441 . . 414 . . 412 223 !i,184 . . 271 .2,140 . . 217 . . 259 Tow I Loca. FijiJ. Hoven . . . ♦Howard . Hudson . . Humboldt Hurley . . . ♦Huron . . 18. 43 . . . .62. . . .56. . . .61. 30. . . 209 . 1,026 . . 404 . . 590 . . 506 .5,791 ♦Ipswich 7. Irene 65. Iroquois 31 . Java . . . . Jefferson Kadoka . Kennebec Keystone Kimball . . .6. .66. .25. .39. .24. .51. Lake Andes . Lake Norden . Lake Preston Lamro Lane Langford 9 Lead 13 .58. .33. .31. .50. .41. Lebanon . Le Beau. . Lemmon . Lennox . . ♦Leola ... Lesterville Letcher .18. . .6. . .2. .62. . .5. .64. .43 Little Eagle 3. M ♦Mcintosh 3. ♦Madison 44. Marion 61. Meckling 65. Mellette 30. Menno 60. Midland 35. ♦Milbank 23. ♦Miller 29. Missionhill ... .64. . 810 . 263 . 578 . 473 . 407 . 222 . 253 . 350 . 713 . . 920 . . 303 .1,007 . . 350 . . 294 . . 463 .8,393 . . 460 . . 210 .1,255 . . 745 . . 484 . . 279 . . 402 . . 490 . . 409 .3,137 . . 463 . . 208 . . 473 . . 621 . . 210 .2,015 .1.2031 . . 300 T (I wits Lij I'op. ♦Mitchell . . Mobridge Montrose . . , Morristown Mt. Vernon. Murdo Northville . . , . 53 . . .6. .55. . .3. .53. . .39. ♦Oacoma 39. , Oldham 31. , ♦Onida 26. ♦Parker Parkston Philip Pierpont . . . Pierre (capital) . ♦Plankinton ♦Platte .... Pollock . . . . Presho .61. .'60 . .27. .52. .58. . .4. .39. Q Quinn 24. , R ♦Rapid City 24. , Raymond 21 . , ♦Redfield 20., Revilo 33. . Rockhom 19. , Roscoe 7. , Running Water.63. S St. Lawrence. .39. , ♦Salem 55. . Scotland 63. . ♦Selby 6.. Seneca 19. , ♦Sioux Falls... 56., ♦Sisseton 11 . , South Shore . . .32. . Spearfish 13. , Spencer 55. Springfield . . . . 6'^ . , .6,515 .1,200 . . 442 .' .' of 4 . . 373 . 235 . 355 . 319 .1,334 . . 970 . . 578 . . 314 .3,656 . . 713 .1,115 . . 304 . . 635 . . 235 .3,854 . . 241 .3,060 . . 333 . . 286 . . 357 . . 200 , . . 305 ,.1,097 .1,102 , . . 558 . . . 321 . 14,094 ..1,397 . . 335 . .1,130 . . . 506 .675 Townn Iax-ii. I'li/i. Stickney 53. Stockholm . . . .23. Stratford 8. ♦Sturgis 14. Summit 11. Tabor 63. Terraville 13. Terry 1.3. Toronto 33. Trent 45. Tripp 60. Tulare 20. Turton 20 ♦Tyndall 63. . . 310 . . 209 . . 300 . 1,739 . . 545 , . 273 . . 560 , . 506 . 434 . . 200 . . 675 . 250 . 240 .1,107 Valley Springs. 56. ♦Vermilion . . . .65. Viborg 61. Vienna 21 . Volga 34. Volin 14. W Wagner Wakonda .... Wallace ♦Watertown . . Waubay ♦Webster .... Wentworth . . . Wessington ♦Wessington Springs .... White Whitehorse White Lake. . . White Rock.. Whitewood . . . Willow Lake. . Wilmot Winfred ♦Winner Wolsey ♦Woonsocket . . . . 331 .2,187 . . 410 . . 453 . . 568 . . 286 . . 964 . . 336 . . 207 .7,010 . . 803 .1,713 . . 329 . . 576 .1,093 . . 468 . . 960 . . 507 . . 368 . . 390 . . 437 . . 427 . . 243 . . 360 . . 436 .1,027 .14. ..3,787 SOUTH DAKOTA Celebrated fcr its Former "Indian Wars," Its "Hot Springs," Its "Deadwood" and Its "Black Hills.' In the investigation of a region of the country with a view to permanent settlement therein it is necessary that care be observed not to let rumors, sentiment or prejudice influence the indi- vidual. A newspaper report of yellow fever prevailing in a certain region will deter tliousands of people from contemplated emigration into that section. The report may be mere rumor, but even, if true, yellow fever is but a temporary affliction which time will remedy. Many thousands of people re- fused to locate in Chicago in an early day because cholera was there at one time. A case of smallpox in a town through sensational advertising in the newspapers, will so frighten people from going to the town where the case is said to exist as to injure business for weeks and months in that town, whereas possibly the scare was only from a rumor, but even if smallpox did exist it was only a temporary matter. ABOUT BLIZZARDS. And so from time to time the papers will convey to the people in large headlines the startling in- formation that blizzards, deep snows and coal famine have overcome the people of Dakota and thousands are perishing. Many people are liable, from these reports, to believe that a country thus subject to terrific winds and cold, is unfit for habi- tation. And so as many people turned aside from Chicago, because of cholera and went around In- diana because of fever and ague, and lost the oppor- tunity for profitable investment so people, on mere rumor, and large headings in news items will be- come so unfavorably impressed with a region of country or a state as to cause them to often lose golden opportunities. This is particularly true of both North and South Dakota. The two states comprise an empire within themselves. IS times larger than Massachusetts. In all that immense territory there is liable to be unusual weather, sometirnes, and delay in transportation which peo- ple should understand is but temporary. WHAT THE HOME-SEEKER W.\XTS. What the land-seeker is searching for is a region of the country where health may be maintained, and where a reasonable profit may be obtained from the soil which he buys. It is the ambition of most men to get situated on a tract of land that will afford a good support for the family and something inore. That "some- thing more" is largely a matter of imagination. It means certainly a sufficiency of food, dress, a comfortable home, education, reasonable amusement and some travel. All this should come out of the farm. That farm is what the land-seeker is after. WHAT OIR RE.\DERS NEED. It is for that reason that we lay before the reader the merit, and the opportunities which exist in all regions, that he may have the largest pos- sible chance to inake a good selection of soil, climate, location, manufacturing opportunities as an aid in getting ahead and general advantages in acquiring wealth. South Dakota is so large a state as to have great variety of soil and it is so young yet as to give many opportunities for the acquisition of wealth. For exampli-: The Missouri River flows nearly through the middle of the state from north to southeast, and all that portion of the state west of that river, is unopened as yet to much white settlement. That area of the state west of the Missouri, comprises about 40,000 square miles — a state within itself. 190 miles wide and 245 miles in length from north to south. All that part of South Dakota has yet to be opened to close settlement, and that was just be- ginning in 1907 by the Northwestern railway run- ning a new line from Pierre, the capital of the state, a distance of about 160 miles. This road begins in Stanley county and ends In Pennington county. 185 South Dakota Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises OPENIXG A NEW REGION TO SETTLERS. This new line opens up a new regrion that con- tains thousands of square miles of grazing land of the finest quality, and places it in immediate connection with the outside world. It is a fact, conceded by the best authorities, that this open range west of the Missouri river, has a greater rainfall, richer soil, milder winters, more pleasant summers and natural resources of greater e.Ktent than are available in portions of Europe, in which dwell 100,000.(100 of people, and where farm lands are worth from $100 to $800 per acre. The area of the region to be opened up by the new line of railway is extensive, there being in Stanley county alone more than forty-eight hundred square miles. The general surface of the country Is rolling, and throughout the high rolling region ' are beautiful level plateaus. The small streams are much more numerous than in any other part of the state. The Cheyenne river and the Bad river traverse this section from west to east. NEW RAILROAD STATIONS AND NEW TOWNS. There will be sixteen new stations opened on the «ie\v line between Pierre and Rapid City, and at a large number of these points new towns will be opened under the auspices of the railroad company. The company announce in the establishment of these new towns, that as fast as the construction of the road is completed, town lots will be dis- posed of at low rates and attractive opportunities offered for establishing various lines of business. We advise the reader in search of new lands and openings for l>usiness to keep an eye on the operations of the Chicago and Northwestern Rail- road in Dakota, and if no desirable opportunity for immediate investment offers go through to Rapid City on the new line and see what chances are presented in the irrigation works which are re- claiming and Irrigating over 100,000 acres of land, In the Belle Fourche River Valley a little north- east of the Black Hills. This land being irrigated is thrown open to set- tlement under the United States Homestead Laws, the settler paying $3.20 per acre for ten successive years, gains' full title to the land and perpetual title. The government will sell 80-acre farms at that rate, but within one mile of a town site they sell but 40-acre tracts. EXCELLENT MARKETS IN AVHICH TO SELL. Land seekers should understand that the thickly settled Black Hills mining district always will be one of the best markets to be found in the United States. The Black Hills cover an area 60 miles wide by 100 miles long and are called black because cov- ered with a dark Norway pine. They are a black- blue, and in the shadow of a cloud they turn to an intense black. This mystic region thrown up in the midst of the plains by" some giant upheaval of past ages, has been known since the time of the earliest aborigines for its health giving air and medicinal waters. ABOUT THE BLACK HILLS. So far as known the region was not visited by white men until after 1825, but prior to that time roaming Indians, who came to white settlements, told wondrous stories of the Black Mountains or spoke of the "Shining Hills" and the "Happy Place" and the richness of the grass and abundance of the game found there. They also told of gold and silver, and of treasure that their ancestors had guarded for centuries, all of which were, according to their descriptions, isolated from the surrounding country by a vast and dangerous desert. Their tales served but to arouse the intense desire of the restless frontiersmen to reach and investigate this wonderful region. In the meantime, through all these disclosures, the whites were warned that the Indians closely guarded their 'treasures, and that it would be dangerous for them to trespass on these Indian lands. Notwithstanding these warnings, the records show that a party of seven prospectors in IS,"?.'), visited the region and were stealthily followed by the Indians, who massacred all the number but one. This man was finally caught and killed, near the present site of Spearfish and his gold sold to the Hudson Bay Company for $18,000. WARS AMONG INDIAN TRIBES. But however much the white man is disposed to kill to obtain gold, the Indian is just as much so, even among his own race. From time immeinorial the Cheyennes held the Black Hills, but finally in a tremendous three days' hand-to-hand conflict on Battle Mountain, overlooking the vale of Minne- katahta, in which Hot Springs is located, the Sioux practically annihilated their old-time enemies, men, women and children, and held for their own until the white man came, a territory of some 43,000 square miles, with the Black Hills as a center. The first organized exploring party to visit the Black Hills was that under General Harney in IS.'i."); succeeding which General Custer, with about l.OOO I''. S. troops, from Abraham Lincoln Fort on the Missouri river, made a sixty-day exploring expedi- tion to the Hills in 1874. GENERxlL CUSTER'S DEATH. In the expedition of General Terr.v against the Sioux Indians in Montana, in 1870, Custer divided his regiment at the Little Big Horn river, in order to attack the Indians on two sides, but he and his whole regiment were killed June 25. 1876. Custer became the name of a town in the Black Hills and several counties of the new states in the west bear that name. Three years after Custer's expedition to the Hills General Crook, in behalf of the government, gave the Indians .$4,500,000 for their rights and Sitting Bull and his warriors were removed to other terri- tory. FIRST GOLD FROM THE BLACK HILLS. The first gold in the Hills was panned July 3, 1874, at a point about one inile east of the present town of Custer, by H. N. Ross, a resident of Custer, who at that time was General Custer's chief of scouts. Today there are more than 200 mining companies operating in the Hills, employing more than 5,000 miners, whose annual earnings exceed $6,000,000, while in the industrial branches con- nected with mining and other interests, are 7,500 more, including about 1,500 engaged in the lumber industry. Since 1876 the gold production of this district, up to 1905, was .$140,000,000 and still there is no cessation in the discovery of new and legitimate properties. Output, 1911, $7,625,500. CONDENSED IMPORT.\NT F.VCTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. Highest in the state. Harney's Peak in Bennington county in the Black Hills, 7,308 feet. Climate. Average annual temperature at Dead- wood, 42.1; at Pierre, 45. Average January at Yank- ton, Yankton county, 13 above; July, 74; in the Black Hills, June, July and August, 62, and 332 sunny days during the year. Extremes of tempera- ture at Yankton, warmest, 107; coldest, 34 below. Yearly rainfall 20.8 inches. Dimensions. Length of the state, from north to .south, 245 iniles; breadth, from east to west, 380 miles. Area, 77,050 square miles. Hlstor.v. 'Territory originally a part of the Louis- iana purchase of 1803. Explored by Lewis and Clarke in 1804-5. Fort Pierre built by Pierre Choteau of St. Louis, near present site of Pierre, 1S29. Settlements made at Sioux Falls, 1856. and at Yankton, 1859. First legislature at Yankton, 1859. Dakota made two states. North and South Dakota, 1883. Admitted to the Union, 1889. THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA, From Circulai- Issued by C. & N. W. R. R. Pass. Dept. In the southwest corner of South Dakota and the northeastern portion of Wyoming, their sides cov- ered \\ ith dark pines and their surface crossed and recrossed by tlie many streams which unite to form the two forks of the Cheyenne River, are the Black Hills. Their picturesque slopes, dark and shining, rise in striking contrast to the vast and rolling prairie which surrounds them on all sides, and en- close a region ri< h In gold and silver, well timbered, well watered, and possessed of a climate unusually attractive, free from extremes of heat or cold, with a bracing and invigoiating air that is famous for its liealth-giving properties. In fact, in addition to its mining interests, the Black Hills region forms one of the greatest natural sanitariums in the world. The pure air and happy combination of right alti- tudes with medicinal waters, .ioin to make it a noted health resort. It is but thirty-seven hours' ride from Chicago and that places it within easy reach of the principal centers of population. This m.vstic region, thrown' up in the midst of the plains by some giant upheaval of past ages, has been known since the time of the earliest aborigines. It 186 South Dakota Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises occupies an area about sixty miles wide and one Iiundred miles long. Surrounding it on the nortli, east and south are prairie lands whose succulent grasses make them especially suitable for the graz- ing of cattle, and of such extent that their outer rim encloses an area greater than that of Great Britain, Germany and France; a region which is rich in promise to the farmer, cattleman and ranchman. It is estimated that the water supply available in this region is sufficient for the irrigation of millions of acres of lands. Much irrigation development work is now being done, the government irrigation at Belle Fourche being especially important. This rolling prairie land surrounding the hills is broken here and there by square and Hat-topped buttes, with the grass land stretching far away to the mountain eminences. The streams which cross the levels or break down through the gorges are clear as crystal. Many of the lesser buttes near these streams are turfed over their summits, and the table-lands raise high tlreir surfaces covered ■with nutritious pasturage. WHY THE HILLS ARE CALLED "BLACK." Beyond this level district are the Hills, clothed with Norway pine that gives thein a color of deepest blue, the blue of the California plum; hills so dark that a cloud before the sun will turn them to an intense black against a sky that seems to twinkle with electric flashes. On these beautiful hills one may stand and, looking far across the plains, see in the distance the buttes of Bear, Slave, Crow, Deer's Ears, Topknot and Lodge, while nearer at hand one valley rises above another, each turfed and green, forming long serpentine belts that stretch their way among the trees of darker foliage. THE HISTORY OF THE HILLS. Black Hills history dates back more than three centuries to the time when the Cheyennes jealously guarded the region as a himting: resort, and as a place where the Great Spirit had mysteriously be- stowed health-giving powers on the air and had given unusual medicinal value to the water. The natural formation of the region made the Hills well-nigh impregnable, and the Indians held the place in great awe, guarding with jealous care the health-giving springs, the wonderful pine-covered slopes and the stores of precious metal contained within the mountains. The Cheyennes held the Black Hills as their own until after a tremendous hand-to-hand conflict on Battle Mountain, overlooking the Vale of Minne- kahta, in which Hot Springs is located. Here the Sioux practically annihilated their old time enemies, and held for their own, until the white men came, a territory of some 43,000 square miles, with the Hills as a center, driving from their newly won empire the fur traders who had trapped and traded along the small streams which form the Cheyenne. FIRST EXPLORATION. The first organized exploring party to visit the Black Hils was that under Gen. Harney in 1855, in which year it was followed by that of Lieut. War- ren, of the U. S. Topo.graphical Engineers, who made three surveys of the Hills. After Gen. Harney's visit, interest in the Black Hills grew rapidly, until, under instructions from Gen. Sheridan, Gen. Custer left Fort Abraham Lin- coln, on the Missouri River, opposite the present site of Bismarck, N. D.. June 2, 1874, and with about 1,000 U. S. troops made a sixty-day exploring expedition. Returning, he issued a report as to the natural wealth of the region, which, while couched in the most conservative terms, created intense in- terest in the west and the following winter found several parties of prospectors in the Hills, including some of those who had accompanied Custer's party. Finally, three years after Gen. Custer's expedition, Gen. Crook compromised with the Indians as to the purchase of their lands, and the Government paying them $4,500,000 for their riffhts. Sitting Bull and his warriors wei-e removed to other territory and the cav.ilry forces withdrawn. The trail of the mountain sheep and the path of the Indian were widened' into wagon roads, the regi»m thrown open to white settlement, and the way opened for the building of The North-'Western Line, the pioneer railway into the Hills. There must be pioneer railways as well as pioneer explorers, and as soon as the development of the region justified, the Xoith-Wostern Line pushed into the heart of the Hills, reaching them in 1885 and completing the line to Rapid City in ISSC. and to Deadwood and Hot Springs in 18!)0. Thus was the entire region made readily accessible to the traveler from Omaha, Council Bluffs, Sioux City and Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis, St. Louis and Kansas City, and railway trains traversed the gulches where Sit- ting Bull's braves had camped and where scouts and prospectors had made their courageous way in the days gone by. This pioneer line of railway has developed steadily until now it is one of the great arteries of western travel. A new line has also been added to the North-Western's direct connection with the Hills, ex- tending from Rapid City across Dakota, crossing the Missouri at Pierre and forming a direct route to St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth, and to Chicago and Milwaukee. CLLAL4TE. The climate of the Black Hills district is equable, abounding in &unshiiie; and with a fine natural drainage, there is unusual freedom from dampness. The air is invigorating, t>eing surcharged with ozone from the surrounding pine forests. The elevation of about o.OOO feet above the sea level adds to the de- sirability of the climatic conditions. The dr.vness of the air is particularly marked — so much so, that the eye of Ihe visitor is at once attracted by the clear and scintillating qualiiies of the atmosphere. It is to this especial dryness and purity that the blueness of the skies, equal to that of Italy, is attributed. The summmer, with its clear days and cool nights, extends into the late autumn, and it is not uncom- mon for camping parties to remain out in the shel- tered nooks of the mountains until late in Octooer. Sleeping under blankets is the invariable rule, even during July and August; and during the summer a day without sunshine is practically unknown. The principal rainfall usually occurs eail.v in the season, so that one may plan with a reasonable de- gree of certainty upon consecutive days and weeks of fair weather. Because of the height of the Hills and the protec- tion afforded by them, the region is never troubled with wind storms; only the most moderate breezes prevail within the boundaries of this enchanted land. TROUT FISHING. Tl^roughout the entire Hills country are numbers of mountain streams in which there is excellent trout fishing. Brook trout, rainbow and salmon trout are caught by the fisherman regularly throughout the season, which extends from the first of May to the first of November. Excellent fishing may be found within a da.v's drive of one's hotel and on the upper reaches of the Bear Butte, Castle Creek, Big and Little Rapid, Spearfish and other streams, picturesque and invit- ing places are found where summer camps may be made, cabins built and fishing indulged in under the most favorable conditions of out-door life. HUNTING. The mildness of the winter season makes the Hills a paradise for the hunter. There are deer, bear, wild cats and other big game in season, and pait- ridge, pheasants, plover, ducks and geese are fairly abundant. For deer and elk the open season extends from the first to the thirtieth of November. With the excellent protection afforded by the game regu- lations now in force, the deer are steadily increasing in number, and a hunter of even mediocre ability should be able to bag his quota of three. One may also find wolves, silver fo.xes, coyotes and an occasional bear. The season for ducks and geese opens on Septem- ber 10th and closes on April 10th. HOT SPRINGS, Hot Springs and its surroundings call for special attention from the visitor to the Black Hills. The town, with a summer population of about 3..")00. is situated at an altitude of 3,400 feet above the sea. Almost one himdred thermal springs found here have formed the central feature of the place for more than three centuries; an ancient Indian village, it is said, formerly having been located in the valley near the site of the present town. At the Minnekahta Spring a stone bath tub. moc- casin shaped, is shown, which is said to have be- longed to the Indians in the days of their suprem- acv, when they used the water for their ailments without reallv understanding how or why speedy cures were effected. The Indians are still fond of this spot once their own. and parties of them are often permitted to spend a few days here away from the reservation, to the great delight of Interested tourists and sight-seers. 187 TENNESSEE STATE AND THE 96 COUNTIES OF TENNESSEE With Their Boundaries T K .%.^. it' M v j-.-i: 3^-/26 ' '^28,k^3 V'co-'^-r r^ ;36;:^ Veir \V *^^^S^y^^4.ara. County Pop. 75 Wayne. . 12,062 76.... Lawrence.. 17,569 77 Giles. . 32,620 78 Lincoln. 25,908 79 Bedford. . 22.667 80 Moore. . 4,800 81 Coffee. . 15.625 82 Franklin. . 20,491 83 Warren.. 16,534 84 Grundy. . 8,323 85 Marion. . 18,820 86... Van Buren.. 2,784 87 Sequatchie.. 4,203 88 Bledsoe.. 6,329 89 Hamilton.. 89,267 90 Rhea. . 15.410 91 Meigs.. 6.131 92 James. . 5.310 93 Bradley. . 10 336 94 McMinn.. 21,016 95 Polk. . 14,116 96 Monroe.. 20,716 Total 2.184,789 Tennessee Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Pap. Adams 7. Adamsville ♦Alamo Alexandria . Allardt Aliens Creek. Altonpark . . Anderson . . . Arcadia .... Arlington . . . Arthur •Ashland Ashport . Aspen Hill 77. •Athens 94. Atoka 68. Atpontley 88. Atwood 22 ,73. . .46. ..58. ..34. ..75. . .89. . .82. 18. 69 . 15. City. 27. 44. Avondale Baileyton Ballcamp Barr . . . . Bartlett . B .89. .40. .63. .44. .69. , . 542 , . 709 , . 340 . 866 , . 335 . . 490 . . 463 , . 303 . . 206 . . 477 . . 203 . . 641 . . 663 . . 226 .3,364 . . 250 . . 420 . . 200 .1,066 . . 250 . . 209 . . 260 . . 263 2'(. ICHS Liira. Pop. Baxter Beardstown Bear Spring. Bellbuckle . . Bells Bemis •Benton . . . . Bethel Sprinf Big Sandy. . . Binghamton . Blanche . . . . •Blountville . Bluff City •Bolivar . . . . Bon Air . . . . , Boyce Bradford . . . . Briceville . . . Brighton . . . . Bristol •Brownsville Brunswick . . Brushy Mountain . Buntyn .33. .50. . .5. .79. .46. .47. .95. 1.73. .23. .69. .78. .18. .18. .71. .59. .89. .21. .36. .68. .18. .45. .69. .35. .69. . . 230 . . 260 . . 563 . . 466 . . 753 . . 650 . . 290 . . 290 . . 380 .1,673 . . 250 . . 224 . . 540 .1,070 . . 517 .5,066 . . 520 .1,354 . . 214 .7,148 .2,882 . . 250 . . 858 . . 590 L. ."^eivallv . . Scotts Hill. ♦Selmer . . . ♦Sevierville Sewanee .80. ..48. ..73. ..67. . .82 ♦Paris Park Parrottsville Parsons .... Pearley .... Petersburg . Petros Philadelphia Pickwick Pigeonforge . ♦Pikeville ... Pinewood Pinson Pioneer Pisgah Pleasantgrove Pleasant Hill Pleasant View. 37 Portland 8. Powell Station. 63. ♦Pulaski 77. Puryear 4. . .4. .63. .65. .49. .69., .78. .35. .63., .74. .67.. .88. . .51. . .47.. .14.. .77.. .54.. 6J. . .3,881 .5,136 .. 201 .. 697 .. 201 .. 379 .. 987 .. 302 . . 351 .. 203 . . 398 . . 601 .. 264 .. 225 . . 207 .. 334 '.'. 351 . . 579 . . 303 .2,928 . . 354 89. ..3. .15. .79. .82. 58. Shadeland ....33. Shallowford Sharon Shawanee , ♦Shelbyville Sherwood . ♦Smithville „ Smoky JunctionlS Smyrna 56 ♦Sneedville ... .16. Soddy 89, ♦Somervilie . . .70. South Fulton. ...2. South Pittsburgh . .85, Southslde 6. ♦Sparta 59. Speedwell ... .15. ♦Spencer 86 Spot 51. Spring- City.... 90. Springcreek ...47. ♦Springfield ... .7. Spring Hill.... 54. Stanton 45. B 69., 89. , 59.. 10. 90. , i4.. Raleigh Rathburn . . . Ravenscroft . Redboiling Springs . . . Rhea Springs Riceville .... Richard City. ..85 Ridgedale 89. Ridgley 1. ♦Ripley 44. Rives 2. Roan Mountain43. Robbins 13. Roberta 13. Rockford . . Rockwood ♦Rogersville Rome Roope Rughy Rusk in Russellville Rutherford . ♦Rutledge . . .66. .61. .17. .30. .85. , .35., ..26. , .39., ..21.. .38.. S Saint Clair. Saint Elmo. . Saint Joseph. Sale Creek. . . Saltillo Santa Fe ... Sardis 48. . Saulsbury 71 . . ♦.Savannah .... 74 . . .17. , .89. , .76. , .89. , .74. , .54. . . . 241 .1,173 . . 481 . . 201 . . 303 . . 401 . . 324 .1,503 . . 519 .2,011 . . 468 . . 301 . . 403 . . 203 . . 503 .3,661 , 1,242 , . 301 . 304 , . 251 , . 203 . 205 . 766 . 303 2,436 2,577 . 351 . 486 . 334 . 369 . 435 . 220 2.066 Str.'ithmore Sugar Tree. , i-'ummertown Sunbright . . , Sutherland . . Sweetwater . Sycamore T Talbott ♦Tazewell . . . Teller Tellico Plains Thomastown , Thompsons . . ♦Tiptonville . Toone Townsend . . . , Tracy City... ♦Trenton . . . . Trezevant . . . . Trimble Troy Tullahoma . . . 76. ..49. ..76. ..35. ...19. . . 96 . ...27. ..64. , .15. ..15. .96. ..69. ..53. ...1. ..71. .66. ..84. ..21. .22 .'.20; ...2. .81. . . 202 . . 251 . . . 529 . . 673 , . . 50(» , . . 203 . . 231 . . 608 . . 201 .2,869 . . 405 . . 647 . . 260 .. 215 . . 220 .1,173 .1,387 .1,391 .2,106 . . 306 . 1,409 .. 200 .. 218 . . 450 . 1,039 ! 2,083 . . 693 . . 526 .. 220 .. 262 . . 466 .. 214 .. 226 .1,850 .. 226 .. 226 . . 886 . . 250 . . 360 .. 391 . . 236 .. 843 . . 245 . . 836 .3.020 .2,402 . . 526 . . 556 . . 529 .3,049 I'nicoi ♦Union City U Victoria Vonore , ...85. ...96. . . 250 .4,389 259 220 W Waldensia . . . .60. .. 526 Walnut Grove .74. . . 530 Warner .51 , .. 660 ♦Wartburg . . .35. .. 206 Wartrace .... .79, .. 659 Watertown . . .29. .. 517 . . 947 ♦Waynesboro . 73. .. 357 Well wood .... .45. . . 209 Westmoreland .8. . . 298 Westpoint .76. . . 370 White Bluffs. . . 26 . . . 419 White Pine. . . .64 . . 562 Whites Bend. .28, . . 230 Whitesburg . . .39.. . . 462 Whiteside .83. . . . 533 AVhIteville . . . .71.. .. 741 Whittle Springs63. . . . 220 Whitwell .85. . . 3.062 Wilder .34. . . . 302 Willette .10. . . . 2.30 ♦Winchester .82. . .1,331 .13.. . . 330 Witts Foundrj .39.. . . 330 ♦Woodbury . . . .37. . . . 601 Woodland Mil S.2. . . . 2.50 Wooldridge . . 14.. . . 606 Y Yorkville 31. . . . 3-^6 CONDENSED IMPORT.^NT FACTS RELATING TO THIS STATE. Altitude. Highest, Clingman's Dome in Sevier 1 59 in West Tennessee. Average January tempera - county, b.blO feet. ture at Nashville. 3.8; July. 80. Extremes, warm- tiimate. State, average annual temperature of est. 104: coldest. 13 below. Yearly rainfall at Nash- 58; middle of the state, 5S, and ' ville. 50.1. Annual rainfall at Chattanooga, "j. East Tennessee, 189 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises FACTS ABOUT TENNESSEE. Gathered From Literature Sent Out by Railroad Agents AVho Travel in All Regions of This State. The markets for all farm products are convenient and good. The means of reaching markets by rivers and rail are ample. Farm products bring generally the very highest prices when shipped to northern markets, because they reach thoss markets early in the season when the markets are bare. Two crops of potatoes are grown on the same land the same year. The winters arc short, the summers long, but neither winter cold nor summer heat is as great as in the northtrn States. Building materials are cheap and abundant. Fanners may worii out doors in comfort every month in the year, and nearly every day in the year. A crop of wheat and a crop of corn may be harvested from the same land the same year. Wheat frequently sells twice as high as it does in the northwest. It usually brings Chicago prices, with the freight added. Corn, C)ats and hay sell 50 per cent higher usually than they do in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio or Michigan. MILLION^ OF ACRES WAITING FOR SETTLERS. There are 16,000,000 acres in the State unoccupied, and await the industry of skilled farmers to become the fairest agricultural region on the globe. The saine quality of lands that are sold for ten dollars an acre in Tennessee will sell for forty in Ohio. A knowledge of Tennessee, with all its advan- tages, is only needed to fill it with the best class of immigrants. Every immigrant who settles in the State is an.xious to bring his friends. There arc large coal and iron fields in the State, besides forty-seven other ininerals which exist in workable quantities. The recent discovery of im- mense beds of phosphate rock makes Tennessee the center for the distribution of fertilizers of high quality. The use of these by the farmers of the State has, in many instances, doubled the yields of wheat and several other crops. SOMETHING TO SELL EVERY MONTH. Diversification of crops is carried on more largely in Tennessee than in any other State in the Missis- sippi Valley. A good farmer has something to sell in market every month in the year. The average rainfall in the State of Tennessee for the past twenty-five years is fifty-two inches annu- ally, and this is distributed in copious quantities during the growing season, so there is never a failure of crops. Stock water and water for domestic purposes may be secured upon ever.v farm either by the boring of wells, by natural springs, or by the making of cis- terns. The average number of days between killing frosts for the period of twenty-three years was 189. This measures the length of the growing season. Corn may be planted from March until the middle of June, and have ample time to mature when planted at the latter date. A crop of cowpeas and a crop of wheat may be grown on the same land ever.v year with a constant enrichment of the soil. Hogs may be tattened on cowpeas at a very low cost. ABUNDANT WATER POWER IN ALL PARTS. No State surpasses Tennessee in the advantages which it offers for a varied manufacturing industry. Water powers are numerous in eveiy part of the State, but especially on the line of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. White, Warren and Coffee counties, on the McMinnville Division, are singularly favored in this respect. A farmer is not compelled to give half his labor in order to make feed enough to take his live stock through the winter. Crops of all kinds mature earlier in the South, and with the excellent facilities for shipment, may be sent to the great cities of the North, where they will find a scarce and dear market. Southern farms, equally as good as those in the North, may usually be bought for one-third the price, and sometimes less. A LAND OF HOMES. Tennessee is blessed in everything that goes to make happy and perinanent homes. There are no blizzards in winter; no simoons in summer; no ter- rific wind storms; no epidemics; no scarcity of food; plenty of schools; plenty of churches; fruits on every . hand; green grass; luxuriant shade trees; beautiful brooks and creeks and everything in nature to make the home surroundings pleasant, attractive and beautiful. The healthfulness of the Central Southern States, and especially of the upland regions of Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, may be ascertained by re- ferring to the low death rate reported for these regions in the eleventh census. Great Profits. — Upon the land offered for settle- ment to immigrants one single crop of tobacco grown on four acres of fresh land, cultivated by one man, in one year will pay for forty acres of the land. A crop of peaches often brings $2UU per acre. CROPS AND WEATHER OF WEST TENNESSEE. Throughout the West. Northwest and Middle West there is now a disposition on the part of farmers to dispose of their holdings and immigrate to a milder climate. Hundreds of letters come to this office in- quiring if there is in the South a section of country where staple farm crops are successfully grown; where dairying, cattle and hog raising are carried on profitably; where peaches, cherries and apples are grown as in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan, and where the climate is considered medium, neither too hot nor too cold. The object of this folder is to furnish just such information and to emphasize the advantages of ^\'eft Tennessee in furnishing precisely the condi- tions demanded by those who would grow practically the saine products and engage in the same kind of farming in which they have been successful in the more Northern States. West Tennessee enjoys a mild winter; sometimes a few inches of snow remain on the ground for a short time only. White frosts such as are found in November in the Northern States are common in West Tennessee during the winter months. These mild winter conditions are healthful and are greatly enjoyed by those who have '.een accustom.ed to the rigorous winters of the North. SOUTH MIDDLE TENNT;SSEE. The "Plateau Land," the great Central Basin of this section, consists of lessening elevations of the Appalachian Mountains as they descend toward their foothills and are at last succeeded by the more level stretches, extending to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. Here we are free from the extremes which often render sections undesirable. The winters are seldom of a character which are hurtful to man or beast; destructive "Northers," which afP.ict disas- trously many parts of the West and Southwest, are unknown. Throughout this Plateau Region life flows peacefully and the years <'ome and go free frona those events which, when occurring, make for terror and great loss, both of property and life. The summers are no hotter than in Illinois, Mich- igan or Minnesota; longer only, the heat not nearly so intense and certainly never so uncomfortable. In point of fact, neither fatal heat attacks nor sun- strokes are known. The nights are always cool, however hot the day may be. It is to be borne in mind that it enjoys elevation, the altitude averaging something like 1,000 feet and gives abundant proof that at one time it was the bottom of a great lake, it being surrounded by a rim or watershed. CLIMATE COMBINES SUNSHINE AND RAIN. The climate combines simshine and rain, cold and warmth, in such proportions as to produce the high- est degree of perfection in the greatest number of crops. The productions of both the Northern and Southern states here meet. It is the climatic happy mediun:i of the United States. Just cold enough during the winter months to invigorate the physical systeiTi, ameliorate the soil and destroy the germs of disease. Just sufficient heat in the suminer months to produce rapid growth of vegetation and a heavy yield in crops. There are but few days during the year in which one is prevented from performing in comfort out-door labor. As to the crops of this region, it may be broadly stated that they include every crop grown in and incident to the temperate zone. Cotton is widely regarded throughout the North as the only crop on which the Southern agriculturist relies: it is. prac- ticaly, a side issue of this section; while there is a large amount raised in this section, i^ is by no means the backbone of the farmer's hopes. Corn, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, tobacco, wheat, do well. Corn comes more nearly being the standard of this county. Wheat in some parts yields as much as forty bushels to the acre; that amount, however, is above the nverage. It should be borne in mind that with high farm- ing and good culture, the yield of these crops would be increased two or three times what is done under tlie slip-shod farming as is practiced in some parts of the South. 190 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises TENNESSEE AN OLD STATE WITH WORN-OLT SOILS WHICH CAN BE RENOVATED AND >L\DE HIGHLY PROFITABLE Dimensions. Length of state, north and south, 120 miles. Extreme width, 430 miles. Area, 42 050 square miles. History. Immigrants from North Carolina entered East Tennessee in 17.J4. Organized as a Territory in 1794. Admitted as a state in 1796. Knoxvilfe was the capital in 1790-1811; Nashville in 1S12-1S15 Murfreesville the capital in 1816-1820 and Nashville was made capital in 1826. Our map shows that this is a long and narrow state. Topography reveals that there is much dif- ference in the elevations of its various portions, and geology indicates that great variety in constitu- ents of soil exist between the eastern, middle and western parts of the state. EIGHT DISTINCT PARTS OF THE STATE. Topographically, Tennessee is divided into eight quite distinct parts, being the Appalaehian chain of mountains on the eastern border. Adjoining on the west is the Cumberland table land, and between this and the mountains is the Valley of East Ten- nessee, one of the most important agricultural re- gions. Next comes the Cumberland table land, an elevated plateau, 2,000 feet above the sea and 1,000 feet above the valley of East Tennessee. Then next, west of this table land, and extending westward to tlie Tennessee River, come the high- lands or terrace lands, liaving an elevation of 1,000 feet above the sea. In the center of these is the great central basin resembling the bed of a lake which has been drained. The soil of this valley is naturally fertile, and here can be grown in abundance all the crops natural to this latitude. Next follows the narrow valley west of and sloping to the Tennessee River, to the westward of which is the plateau of the Tennessee, another naturally rich, easily cultivated soil. The eighth and last division is the bottom land of the Missis- sippi, a low, flat, alluvial plain, which exhibits rank growth of all kinds of agricultural production. A W.4JINING TO LAND SEEKERS. The home seeker who enters this state in quest of land should understand that the naturally fer- tile soil in many places in Tennessee has been worn out. It was cropped for fifty years before the Civil war and, as virgin soil, yielded good crops. Along with cultivation of the soil, and very poor cultivation by negro slaves, the forests were cut away and hundreds of thousands of acres, after cutting the trees, was annually burned over to pre- vent undergrowth, and develop pasturage, the re- sult being that with numerous seasons of drouth the timber lands have become barren. With the war came on general neglect of the cultivated fields, no fertilization was given to the land and the crop yield was less and less each succeeding year. Then followed the years of im- poverishment among all the owners of Tennessee land and the cultivating of the soil to get the utmost returns from it and give just as little as possible back in payment for the meager crops they took away. Thus, vast areas of Tennessee land has been cropped so closely and drained of its last vestige of fertility so completely that, no longer worth cultivating, it has been abandoned as worthless, as is the case in great quantities of other land in the old slave-holding states. We mention this to warn land seekers that they may not be deceived in the purchase of worn-out land. We are not cautioning them against buying land. We are simply telling them conditions that they may be on their guard and pay for this land what it is worth and no more. HUNT OUT THE POOR SOILS. And right in this connection it is well for the land seeker to hunt out this run down land and. If well located with fair buildings, buy this prop- erty and restore the land. Buy it for what it is worth and renovate the soil. Buy this worn-out land. or. perhaps better, be- fore buying open communication either by personal visit or by letter with the Agricultural Experi- ment Station at the T'niversity of Knoxville. Tenn. The authorities of that institution will give the land seeker the e.xact facts, where the land is which has been abandoned; what it is worth and what the instructors connected with that institution are doing in the renovation of land in that state. It is a fact not generally known that the reason of westward emigration is largely because fertility of soil in the old larm becomes exhausted and there has been a constant endeavor, beginning on the Atlantic coast, to get upon more prolific soil — new fertile land a little farther west. .-Vnd so the westward move has been constantly going forward to get new and a little better land further west. EMIGRATION TURNING EAST. At last the tide of emigration Is beginning to turn back and the taking up of old homesteads with its exhausted soil is becoming common. This change has been largely brought about by the Agricultural Experiment Stations which are teaching that, through scientific treatment, soils exhausted of fertility can be renovated. The establishment of the Experiment .Station in agriculture had become an imperative necessity. It was believed for a long time that the new soils of the west could not be exhausted of their strength, but it is being discovered that other means of tillage must be adopted on all soils that they may retain their strength. BU*YING EXHAUSTED SOILS 3L4Y BE PROFITABLE. With the knowledge at hand of how to reno- vate soils it is possible for land seekers to buy run down and abandoned farms, restore the soil to fer- tility again, put old buildings in order, improve lawns and grounds upon the premises, make the farm profitable and sell at a large profit. The renovation of land improvement of old properties is a business in which men of enterprise can safely and profitably engage. By addressing the State University through cor- respondence with these institutions, the agents can be found who will send the reader a list of cheap farms, largely in Eastern states upon which experi- ment care is being made to improve the properties. HOW SOIL IS MADE. When the crust of this earth was being fin- ished it was largely a mass of rock. In the thou- sands of years of its existence the rains and floods have worn these rocks into fine particles whicli set- tled into hollows between elevations and made soil such that vegetation could be generated and find existence in this soil. The vegetation thus grown lived its appointed time, died, decayed, and on the soil where it grew it has made other soil that could produce more vegetation similar to that which has grown before. If this decayed vegeta- tion was on level surface and not easily washed away it made a deep rich soil capable of repro- ducing the yield of vegetation for many years. But if, as fast as tlie crop has been grown, it has been taken away from the land and nothing was given back to the soil to aid in reproducing another crop the means of reproduction have become e.x- hausted and the soil is what we call worn out. TECHNICAL TERMS IN GEOLOGY. The process of renovating, fertilizing this land so that it will yield abundant crops again, we treat in another chapter of this work. To get full infor- mation on renovating worn out land, write to De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. In considering the subject of renovating worn out and exhausted soil we have endeavored to eliminate as much as possible the technical, scientific words of which geological language is so full. In a study of soil, from a scientific standpoint, the young farmer immediately runs on to the words hvdrochloric, carbonate, sodium, oxide, ferric, alu- mina, phosphoric, silicate, carbonaceous, sulphates, humus, nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, potash, protein, nitrogenous, carbonhydratts, chlorin. carbonic, kain- it, sylvinit, muriate, nitrogen, leguminous, phos- phate, azotine, denitrification, superphosphates, phosphatic. magnesia, potpssic. calcareous. loam, oxidization, nitrification, lolomite. silica soluble in Nao C03 .".47s. S.".07.">: ferruginous, fossiliferous. chii- howee, " silicious lower carboniferous, intercalateil. and so many other words with which he is not familiar as to verv likely cause him to think that the simple fertilizing of his land Is a subject too deep for him to understand. Under judicious managiment all these exhausted Tennessee soils can be made fertile agiin and the individual who masters the subject of renovoilns worn out soils may find it profitable to make a prdfession of soil renovation. 191 TEXAS STATE AND THE 247 COUNTIES OF TEXAS With Their Boundaries J_.l2_L3j4.1.5_ 6 J7j8 '9 ijq PAN HAND LEO T fmumff^Mh r' FAR«a«.?21'22i23j24i: 133' ^^KSk ^ d. J]E^^^ Ct^: 175^177 !z^!80^Ti82!83^ X' /. ^N / ^ 1151 'ic4 -'---^~>t56> v1Sa^1Ga4o?;,;^86 £<' o^^ ;>^ ^^^' e 2-30|23I^32^y|^ £^® '239i24i: 144 .^ ! .^'v^^/24S ! ^■f^ 0^ 5RPUS- CHRlSTt %P^ W ^ COUNTIES or TEXAS. Loca. County Pop. 1 Dallam. 2 Sherman . 3 Hansford. 4 Ochiltree. 5. . . . Lipscomb. 6 Hartley. 7 Moore. 8.... Hutchinson. 9 Roberts. 10 Hemphill. 11 Olaham. 12 Potter. 13 Carson. 14 Gray. 15 Wheeler. IC Deaf Smith. 17 Randall. 18.... Armstrong. 19 Donley. 20 Collingsworth. 21 Parmer. 22 Castro. 23 Swisher. 24 Briscoe. 4,001 1,376 935 1,602 2,634 1,298 561 893 950 3,170 813 2,424 2,137 3,405 5,528 3,942 3,312 2,683 5,285 5.224 1,555 1,850 4,012 2,162 Loca. Count 11 Pop. 25 Hall. . 8,279 26 .. Childress. . 9,538 27 Bailey. . 312 28. . . . . 540 29 Hale. . 7, .566 30 Floyd. . 4,638 31 . 2,396 33 Cottle. . 4,396 33... Hardeman. .11,213 34 Foard. . 5,726 35 . Wilbarger. .12,000 36 ... Wichita. .16,094 37 ... Cochran. 65 38 ... Hockley. . 137 39... . . Lubbock. . 3,634 40 . . . . Crosby. . 1,765 41 . .. Dickens. . 3,093 12. ... King. 810 43 . . . . 9,635 44 Baylor. . 8,411 45. . . . . 6,525 46 Clay. .17,043 47 . Montague. .25,133 48 Cooke. .36,603 Lora. County Pop. 49 Grayson. 50 Fannin. 51 Lamar. 53 Red River. 53 Bowie. 54 Yoakum. 55 Terry. 56 Lynn. 57 Garza. .58 Kent. 59 Stonewall. 60 Haskell. 61. Throckmorton. 63 Young. 63 Jack. 64 Wise. 65 Denton. 66 Collin. 67 Hunt. 68 Delta. 69 Hopkins. 70 Franklin. 71 Titus. 72 Morris. .6.5.!)96 .44,801 .46,544 .38,564 . 4,827 . 603 . 1,474 . 1,713 . 1,995 . 2,655 . 5.330 .16,219 . 4,563 .13,657 .11,817 .26,450 .31.258 .49,021 .48,116 . 14,566 .31,038 . 9,331 . 16.423 . 10,439 Loca. County Pop. 73 Cass. 74 Gaines. 75 Dawson. 76 Borden. 77 Scurry. 78 Fisher. 79 Jones. 80.. Schackelford. 81 .'Stephens . 82 Palo Pinto. 83 Parker. 84 Terrant. 85 Dallas. 86 Rockwall. 87 Kaufman . 88 Rains. 89 Van Zandt. 90 Wood. 91 Camp. 92 Upshur. 93 Marion. 94 Harrison. 95 Andrews. 96 Martin. .27,587 . 1,355 . 3,330 . 1,386 .10.934 .13,596 .34,399 . 4,301 . 7,980 .19,506 .26,331 108,571 135,748 . 8,073 .35,333 . 6,781 .35,651 .33,417 .27.587 .19,960 .10,472 .37,243 . 975 . 1,549 192 Counties of Texas — Continued Loca. County 97 Howard. 98 Mitchell. 99 Nolan. 100 Taylor. 101 Callahan. 102 Eastland. 103 Erath. 104 Hood. 105 Somervell. 106 Johnson. 107 Ellis. 108.... Henderson. 109 Smith. 110 Gregg. Ill Rusk. 112 Panola. 113 El Paso. 114.... Culberson. 115 Reeves. 116 Loving. 117 Ector. 118 Midland. 119 Glasscock. 120 Sterling. 121 Coke. 122 Runnels. 123 Coleman. 124 Brown . 125.... Comanche. 126 Hamilton. 127 Bosque. 128 Hill. 129 Navarro. 130. . . . Freestone. 131. . . . Anderson. 132 Cherokee. 133 Winkler. 134 Ward. Pop. . 8,881 . 8,956 .11,999 .26,293 .12,973 .12,973 .32,095 . 10,008 . 3,931 .34,460 .53,629 .20,131 .41,746 .14,140 26,946 .20,424 .52,599 4,393 249 1,178 3,464 1,143 1,493 6,412 20,058 22,618 22,935 27,186 15,315 19,013 46,760 47,070 20,557 29,650 29,038 442 2,389 Loca. County 135 Crane. 136 Upton. 137 Reagan. 138 Irion. 139 Tom Green. 140 Concho. 141 McCulloch. 142 San Saba. 143 Mills. 144... Lampassas. 145 Coryell. 146.... McLennan. 147 . . .. Limestone. 148 Jeff Davis. 149 Pecos. 150 Crockett. 151. . .. Schleicher. 152 Menard . 153 Mason. 154 Llano. 155 Burnet . 156 Bell. 157 Falls. 158. . . . Robertson. 159 Leon. 160 Madison. 161 Houston. 162 Trinity. 163 Angelina. 164. Nacogdoches. 165.San Augustine. 166 Shelby. 167 Sabine. 168 Presidio. 169 Brewster. 170 Terrell. 171 Valverde. 172 Sutton. Pop. 331 501 . 392 . 1,283 . 17,882 . 6,654 .13,405 .11,245 . 9,694 . 9,532 .19,013 .73,250 .34,621 . 1,678 . 2,071 . 1,296 . 1,893 . 2,707 . 5,683 . 6,520 .10,755 .49,186 .35,649 ,27,454 .16,.583 .10,318 .29,564 .12,768 .17,705 ,27,406 ,11,264 ,26,423 , 8,582 , 5,218 , 5.220 , 1,430 8,613 1,569 Loca. County 173 Kimble 174 Gillespie 175. ...... Blanco 176 Travis 177... Williamson 178 Milam. 179 Burleson. 180 Brazos 181 Grimes, 183 Walker, 183. . .San Jacinto. 184 Polk. 185 Tyler. 186 Jasper. 187 Newton. 188 Edwards. 189 Kerr. 190 Bandera. 191 Kendall. 192 Comal. 193 Havs, 194 Caldwell, 195 Bastrop, 196 Lee, 197 Fayette. 198.. Washington. 199 Austin. 200 Waller. 201.. Montgomery, 202 Harris, 203 Libertv. 204 Hardin. 205 Orange. 206 Kinney. 207 Uvalde. 208 Medina, 209 Bexar. 210. . . Guadalupe. Pop. . 3,261 . 9,447 . 4.311 .55,620 .22,228 .36,780 . 18,687 .18,919 .21,205 .16,06 1 . 9,542 .17,459 . 10,2.50 .14,000 .10,850 . 3,768 . 5,505 . 4,921 . 4,517 . 8,434 [24,327 .25,341 .13,132 .29,796 .25,561 .17,699 .12,138 . 15,679 115,693 .10,686 .12,947 . 9,528 . 3,401 .11,233 .13.415 119,676 .24,913 Lorn. County Pop. 211 Gonzales. .28, 05."i 212 Lavaca. .26.4 18 213 Colorado. .18, K!t7 214 Wharton. .21. 1J:{ 215 Fort Bend.. 18, 168 216 Brazoria. . 13, ■;!»!» 217.... Galveston . .44, 1'J!* 218 Chambers.. 4,234 219 Jefferson. .38,1 8J 220 Maverick.. 5,151 221 Zavalla.. 1,889 222 Frio.. 8,895 223 Atascosa. .10,004 224 Wilson. .17.066 225 Karnes. . 14.942 226 Dewitt. .23..%0I 227 Victoria. .14. 990 228. . . . Jackson. . 6.471 229.... Matagorda. 13, 594 230 Dimrnit. . 3,160 231 Lasallc. . 4,747 232 McMullen.. 1,091 233 Live Oak. . 3,442 234 Bee.. 12,090 235 Goliad.. 9,909 236 Refugio.. 2,814 237 Calhoun. . 3,635 238 Webb..22„503 239 Duval. . 8,964 240 Jim Wells.. 241 Nueces. .21,955 242.. .San Patricio.. 7,307 243 Aransas.. 2,106 244 Zapata. . 3,809 245 Starr. .13,151 246 Hidalgo. .13,728 247 Cameron. .27,158 Total 3,896,542 Texas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Toicns Loca. Pop. A Abbie 79 207 Abbott 128 850 ♦Abilene 100... 2,204 Abram 246. . . . 213 Acme 33 232 Adkins 209 217 Adsul 187 251 Aquilla 128 307 Alanreed 14. . . . 258 Alba 90... 1,201 •Albany 80... 1,211 Aldridge 186 617 Aledo 83 504 Alice 241... 2,136 Allen 66 351 Allevton 213 358 Almeda 302.... 268 •Alpine 169... 1,561 Altair 213 208 Alta Loma 217 445 Alto 132 517 Alvarado 106... 1,155 Alvin 216... 1,453 Alvord 64... 1,018 •Amarillo 12... 9,957 Ammansville 197. . . . 317 Amphion ....223 351 •Anahuac . . . .218. . . . 531 •Anderson .. .181 617 •Angleton 216. . .1,508 Anna 66 341 Annona 52. . . . 534 •Anson 79... 1,842 Appleby 164. .. . 251 Apple Springs. 162 318 Aransas Pass . 242 . . .1,197 Arcadia 217. . . . 311 •Archer City. . .45. . . . 825 Argo 71 225 Argyle 65. . . . 251 Arlington 84.... 794 Arneckeville 226. . . . 253 Arp Smith. .. .109. . . . 3.55 Asherton 230. . . . 850 Toicns Loca. Pop. Ashland 92 214 Askew 69 351 •Aspermont . . .59. . . . 821 •Athens 108... 2,261 Atlanta 73... 1,604 Atlast 229 215 Aubrey 65 817 •Austin 176.. 29,860 Avalon 107 301 Avery 52. . . . 511 Avinger 73. . . . 317 Axtell 146 285 B Baber 163 214 Bagwell 52 305 Bailey 50. . . . 313 Baileyville ...178 251 •Baird 101... 1,710 •Ballinger .. .122 .. .3,536 •Bandera ....190 ..372 Bangs 124. . . . 512 Barksdale . . . .188. . . . 604 Barry 129. . . . 317 •Barstow 134 687 Barton ville ...65 304 •Bastrop 195... 1,707 •Batesville ...221 203 Batson 204 814 *Bay City 229... 3.156 •Beaumont . .219. .20,640 Beck ville 112 604 Bedias 181 507 Beeville 2.34. . .3.369 Belcherville ...47... 221 Bellevue 46 613 •Bellville 199... 1,211 Belott 161 208 •Belton 156... 4, 164 Benarnold ...178 205 Benavides ...239 512 Benford 184 351 Ben Franklin .68 513 Benhur 147 210 •Benlamin ....43 514 Ben Wheeler ..89 3.52 Toicns Loca. Pop. Bertram 155 571 Bessmay 186 8.50 Bettie 92 253 Big Creek ...203 405 Big Sandy 92... 1,201 •Big Springs ..97... 4, 103 Billington ...147 317 Birch 179 305 Blackfoot 131 513 Blackwell 99 407 Blanco 175 617 Blanket 134 513 Bleiflerville ..199 530 Blessing 229 204 Blocker 94 250 Bloomburg ....73 411 Blooming Grove 129 903 Blossom 51 871 Blue Ridge ...66 425 Bluff 197 211 Bluff Dale ...103 714 Blum 128 .507 •Boerne 191 886 Bogat.a 52 417 Bomarton ....44 611 •Bonham .50... 4.484 Bonita 47 213 Bonus 214 612 Boonsville 64 205 •Boston 53 317 Bowie 47... 2,874 Bovd 64 817 •Brackettville 206... 2,114 Bradford 131 251 •Bradv 141... 2,689 Branchville ..178 413 Brandon 128 401 Brashear 69 312 Brazoria 216 831 •Breckenridge 81 970 Bremond ... .158. .. 1.415 •Brenham .. .198. .. 4.718 Bridgeport ...64... 2, 112 Bristol 107 352 Britton 107 218 Tijicns Loca. Pop. Bronson 167. . .1,008 Bronte 131 ... . 635 Bookland 167 814 Brookshire . .200. . . . 213 Brookstone 51 ... . 360 Browndel 186 513 •Brownflrtd . . .55. . . . 518 •Brownsville ..247. .10,517 •Brownwood . .124. . .6,967 Bruceville . . .146. . . . 613 •Bryan 180. . .4,133 Brvson 63. . . . 250 Buck 184 413 Buckholtz :. .178 508 Buda 193. ... 251 Buffalo 1.59 311 Buffalo Gap ..100 513 Bullard 109 413 Bulverde 309 2.58 Buna 186. . . . 513 Buckburnett .. .36 ... 1 ,51 1 Burke 163 208 Burkett 123 310 Burkeville . . .187. . . . 208 Burlson 106. . . . 513 Burlington . . .178. . . . 409 •Burnet 1.55. . . . 981 Burton 198. . . . 415 Byers 46 618 C Caddo 81 209 Caddo Mills 67. . . . 451 Calavaras 224.... 308 •Caldwell 179... 1.476 Call 187. ..1,008 Callis 66 331 Calvert ... 158. ..3.579 •Cameron 178... 3. 263 Camilla 183 318 Campbell 67. . . . 708 Cambellton ..223 213 •Canadian 10... 1.648 Explanation: Index to Towns, First Column. Names of Towns: Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located; Third Column. Population of 1010. Loca. Jleans Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat, 193 Texas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Candeiaria ...168. ♦Canton 89. *Canyon 17. Carbon 102. Carlisle 162. Carlsbad 139. Carlton 126. Carmine 197. Carmona .184. Caro 164. Carrictos . . . .247. *Carrizo Spgs.230. Carroll 109. CarroIIton . . . .85. *Carthage 112. Cason 72. Castroville ...208. Cat Spring. . .199. Cedar Bayou. .202. Cele 176. Celeste 67. Celina 66. Cement 58. ♦Center 166. Center Point.. 189. *CentervilIe ..159. Cestohowa ...225. Chandler 108. *Channing 6. Chapel Hill.. 198. Charco 135. Charleston 68. Cherokee 142. Chester 185. Chico 64. •Childress ....26. Chillicothe 33. Chilton 157. China Spring. 146. Chireno 164. Chisholm 86. Chriesman ...180. Christoval ...139. Cibola 210. Cisco 102. •Clairemont . . .58. ♦Clarendon . . .19. ♦Clarksville . . .52. ♦Claude 18. Clawson 163. Clayton 112. Clear Spring. .210. ♦Cleburne ....106. Cleveland . . . .203. Clevenger . . . .164. Clifton 127. Clyde 101. Coahoma 97. Coffeeville ....92. ♦Coldspring . .183. ♦Coleman . . . .123. Collirisville ...49. Colmesnell ...165. Cologne 235. ♦Colorado 98. Columbia . . . .216. ♦Columbus ...213. ♦Comanche ..125. Cometa 321. Comfort 191. Commerce ... .67. Como 69. ♦Conroe 201. Cookes Point.. 174. Cookville 71 . Cooledge 147. ♦Cooper 68. Coppras Cove. 145. Cornhil! 177. ♦Corp, Christi.241. Corrigan 184. ♦Corsicana ...129. Coryell 145. Cottenwood ..101. ♦Cotulla 231. Coupland 177. Courtney 181. Covington ....128. Crandall 87. Crawford 146. Cresson 104. Crete 146. . 541 . 520 1,412 . 479 . 516 . 281 . 251 . 309 . 219 1,251 . 255 . 610 . 258 . 418 2,258 . 351 . 510 . 315 . 409 . 211 . 821 . 724 . 503 1,684 . 541 . 308 . 218 . 309 . 522 . 618 . 814 . 214 . 253 . 318 1,203 3,818 1,207 . 519 . 316 . 258 . 251 . 233 . 218 . 221 . 244 . 207 1,946 2,065 . 692 . 351 . 200 . 306 10,364 1,089 . 351 1,137 . 495 . 615 . 200 . 617 3,046 . 791 . 718 . 318 1,840 . 981 2,009 2,756 . 508 . 560 2,818 . 617 1,374 . 418 . 624 . 505 1,513 . 412 . 251 8,222 . 705 9,749 . 200 . 250 1,880 . 344 . 200 . 400 . 633 . 516 240 350 Towns Loca, Pop. ♦Crockett ....161.. Cross 181.. Cross Plains. . .101 . . ♦Crowell 34.. Crowley 84.. Crowther ....232., Crystal City. ..121. , Crystal Falls.. 81.. ♦Cuero 226. Cumby 69. . Cundiff 63. Curtis 102. Cushing 164. D Dacha 166. ♦Daingerfield ..72. Dalby Springs. 53. Dale 194. ♦Dalhart 1. ♦Dallas 85. Danevang . . . .214. Davilla 178. Dawson 129. Dayton 203. Deadwood ....112. Dearborn . . . .2C4. ♦Decatur 64. Decoy 164. Deepwater . . .202 . DeKalb 53. De Leon 125. ♦Del Rio 171. Denison 49 .3,947 . . 400 . . 200 .1,341 . . 271 . . 200 . . 325 . . 250 .3,109 . . 818 . . 200 . . 211 .1,200 .65. . .51. .102. 03. . ♦Denton . Deport . . . Desdemona Detroit . . Devers . . . Devine 208. Dewet 211. Dewey ville ...187. Dexter 48. D'Hanis 208. Dialville 132. ♦Dickens 41. Dickey 159. Dickinson . . . .217. Dilley 222. Divine 208. Dodd City 50. Dodge 182. Donie 130. Drasco 122 . Druso 161. Dublin 103. Duncanville ...85. Dundee 45. Durango 157. Duster 125. . . 301 .1,009 . . 250 . . 341 .2,580 92,104 230 421 803 258 200 531 .1,651 315 250 .1,015 .1,021 .7,123 13.632 .4,732 . . 318 . . 201 . .1,500 .. 205 . . 821 . . 250 .. 510 . . 300 .. 521 .. 200 . . 250 . . 211 .. 210 .. 205 .1,042 . . 289 .. 318 . . 201 .. .413 . . 250 .2,551 . . 200 .. 410 . . 218 .. 314 E Eagle Ford . ..85 251 Eagle Lake. . .213. . .1,717 ♦Eagle Pass. .220. . .3,536 East Colum. . .216. . . . 908 ♦Eastland 102... 1,200 Ector 50. . . . 404 Eddy 146 513 Eden 140. . . . 514 ♦Edinburg ...246 201 ♦Edna 228... 1,700 El Campo 214... 1,778 ♦Eldorado . . . .151 . . . . 514 Eldridge 213 200 Electra ,36. . . . 640 Elgin 195... 1,707 Elkhart 131 415 Ellinger 197 350 Elmendorf . ..209 208 Elmina 182 518 Elmo 87 350 Elmtown 131. . . . 250 ♦El Paso 113.. 39.279 Elvsian Fields. 94 212 Elmhouse 129 2.59 ♦Emma 40... 5,669 ♦Emory 88 718 Emporia 163 301 Encinal 231. . . . 650 English 52 200 Enloe 68 326 Towns Loca. Pop. Ennis 107. Eola 140. Estelline 25. Eustace 108. Evadale 186. Evant 145. Evergreen . . .183. Everitt 183. ♦Fairfield Fairlie . . . Falfurrias Falls City Kan net t Farmer . . Farm. Branch Farmersville . ♦Farwell Fate Fayetteville . . Fentress Ferris Fisher Flanagan . . . . Flatonia Florence ♦Floresville . . Floyd ♦Floydada . . . Fords Bluff... Forestburg . . . Fcrney Forreston . . . . ♦Fort Davis. . . Ft. McKavett. Fort Sam ♦Fort Stocton. ♦Fort Worth. . Foster Fostoria ♦Franklin . . . . Frankston . . . . ♦Fred'ricksb'g Friesburg . . . . Friona Frisco Frosa . . . Frost . . . Fulbright Fulshear P'uqua . . 130. .219. 85. .66. .21. .86. 197. 194. 107. .78. 111.. 197. 177. 224. .67. .30.. 186. .47. .87. 107. 148. 152 . 309. 149. .84. 215. 201. 1.58. 131. 174. 213. .21. .66. 147. . 129. .52. . 215.. .203. 5,669 . 301 . 636 . 200 . 520 . 318 . 216 . 300 . . 610 . . 350 .1,400 . . 350 . . 250 . . 318 . . 3'JO . 1,P.48 . . 870 . . 350 . . 274 . . 2,>0 .1,283 . . 200 . . 250 . . 350 .1,398 . . 218 . . 664 . . 510 . . 250 .1,114 .. 411 . . 951 . . 215 . . 200 . . 310 73,312 . . 518 .1,.500 .1,019 . . 518 .2,518 . . 308 . . 315 . . 617 . 303 . . 702 . . 200 . . 251 ..671 ♦Gail 76. ♦Gainesville . . .48. ♦Galveston ...217. Ganado 228. ♦Garden City. .119. Gardendale ..331. Gard'n Valley. 109. Garland 85. Garrison 164 . Gary 112. Garza 65. ♦Gatesville . . . 145. Gause 178. Gay 165. George 160. ♦Georgetown .177. Germantown .235. ♦Giddings ....196. ♦Gilmer 92. Gindale 156. Gladewater ..110. Glenflora 214. ♦Glen Rose... 105. Glidden 213. Godley 106. Goldsboro 123. ♦Goldthwaite 143. ♦Goliad 235. ♦Gonzales . . . .211 . Gordon 82. Goree 43. Graford 83. ♦Graham 63. ♦Granbury . . .104. Grand Prairie. .85. Grand Saline .89. Grand View. . .106. Granger 177. . . . 630 . .7,643 .36,981 . . . 558 , . . 315 , . . 301 . . . 300 . . . 804 . . . 627 . . 520 . . 308 .1,929 , . . 415 ...411 . . 308 . .3,096 . . 350 .1,200 .1,484 . . 200 . . . 515 . . . 408 . .1,009 . .. 315 . . . 410 . . . 251 . .1,129 . . . 233 . .3,139 . . . 609 . .1,009 . . . 681 . .1,569 ..1.336 . . . 994 ..1,665 .1,018 .1,708 Towns Loca. Pop. Grapeland ...161.. Grapevine 84. . Gray burg 204., ♦Greenville 67. , Greenwood ... .64. . Gregory 43. , ♦Groesbeck ...147., Groom 13. , Groversville ...39.. ♦Grovaton ...163., Grulla 245. , Guffey 219.. Gunsight 81.. Gunter 49. . Gustine 125.. ♦Guthrie 43.. . . 413 . . 681 .1,015 .8,850 . . 313 . . 318 .1,454 . . 200 . . 210 .4,500 . . 343 .1,010 . . 210 . . 315 . . 308 . . 550 H ♦Hallettsville 212.. .1,379 Hallsville 94 375 ♦Hamilton .. .126. . .1,548 Hamlin 79... 1,978 Hampton 185 310 Handlev 84 915 Hankamer ...318 307 Happy 33 431 Harleton 94 350 Harlington .. .347. . .1,0.56 Harrisburg ...303 541 Harrold 35 350 Hartburg 187 318 Harwood 211. .. . 550 ♦Haskell 60. . .3,436 Hasse 135 350 Harne 158... 3,352 Heath 86 310 Hebbronville .239 200 Hedley 19 615 Heidenheimer 156. . . . 300 Helotes 309 475 ♦Hemphill 167 300 ♦Hempstead . .300. . .3,513 ♦Henderson .. Ill .. .1,800 Henly 193 313 ♦Henrietta 46... 3,104 ♦Hereford 109... 1,750 Hermleigh 77 641 Hext 153 315 Hico 136... 1,437 Hildalgo 246 671 Higgins 5... 1,200 High Island. .217. .'. . 300 Hill 339 350 Hillendahl . . .202 415 ♦Hillsboro ... 128. . .6,115 Hitchcock . . . .217. . . . 6.50 Hocklev 302 418 Holland 156 778 ♦Hondo 208... 2,500 Honey Grove. . .50. . .2,300 Hortense 184 514 Houghton .50. . . . 318 ♦ Houston 202 . . 78.800 Houston Hts. .202. . .6,684 Howe 49 581 Howland 51 417 Hubbard 128. . .1,813 Hughes Sprgs. .91. . . . 850 Humble 302... 3,500 Huntington ..163.... 510 ♦Huntsville . .182 .. .2,073 Hutchins 85 350 Hutto 177 815 Hylton 99 318 I Independence 198. . . . 314 Industry 199 508 Inez 227 207 Iowa Park 36 ... . 608 Ira 77 200 Iredel 137 750 Iris 162 250 Islitas 238 300 Italy 107. . .1,049 Itaska 138... 1,356 J •Jacksboro 63... 1,480 Jacksonville .133... 2,875 ♦Jasper 186 410 Jayton 58 314 194 Texas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop ♦Jefferson 93. Jewett 159. * Johnson City. 175. Jonesboro ....145.. Josephine 66. , Joshua 106. . Josserand ....163., ♦Junction . . . .173. . Justin 65. . K ♦Karnes City 225. ♦Kaufman ... .87 . Keenan 301. Keene 106. Keller 84. Keltys 163. Kemp 87. Kennedy 335. Kennard 161. Kennedale ... .84. Kenneth 183. Kerens 129. ♦Kerrville 189. Kildare 91. Kilgore 110. Killeen 156. Kimball 127. .2,515 . . 556 .1,009 . . 450 . . 500 .. 810 . . 319 . . 815 . . 510 Kingsbury Kingsland Kingston . Kingsville Kirbyville Kirkland . Kirvin . . . .310. .154. . .67. .341. .186. . .36. .130. Klondike 68. Knickerb'cker 139. Knox City . . . .43. Kopperl 127. Kosse 147. ♦Kountze ....304. Kress 3."?. Krum 65. Kyle 193. ..1,150 . .1,959 . . . 515 . . . 408 . . . 250 . . 1,394 . . 1,200 . .1,147 ...617 . . . 200 . .1,117 . . . 945 . .1,843 . . . 250 . . . 450 . .1,265 . . . 218 . . . 250 . . . 357 . . . 308 . .1,500 . .3,115 . . . 410 . . . 310 . . . 413 . . . 410 . .1,200 . . . 200 . . . 764 ...617 . . . 318 . . . 750 . . . 742 Lacoste 308. Ladonla 59. La Fayette ...92. •Lagrange ...197. Lamarque . . .217. ♦Lamasco ... .50. Laniesa 75. ♦Lampassas . .144. Lancaster ... .85. Linnius 50. La Porte 203. ♦Laredo 338. Lasalle 303. Laurelia 184. Lavernia . . . .334. Lavon 66. League City... 217. Leakey 188. Leander 177 . Lebanon 66. Lebetter 197. Leesburg 91 . Leesville . . . .211 . Leggett 184. Leonard 50. Lewisville . . . .65. T^oxington . . .196. ♦Liberty 303. Liberty Hill . .177. Lillian 106. Lindale 109. •Linden 73. 7 incrlpville . . .103. Littig 176. Little River . .156. Liverpool 216. •Livingston ..184. ♦Llano 154. Llovd 65., ♦Lockhart ...194.. Locknev 30. . Lodwick 93., Logtown 187 . , Lometa 144. Lone Oak ....67., Long Branch 112., . . . 200 ..1,293 . . . 350 . .1.850 . . . 305 . . . 350 ..1,110 . .3,119 ..1,115 . . . 318 . . . 678 . 14,855 . . . 300 . . . 750 . . . 515 . .. 315 ...501 . . . 581 . . . 350 . . . 225 . . . 200 . . . 350 . . . 308 ...311 . . . 990 . . . 810 ..1,500 . . . 980 . . . 518 . . . 300 . . . 658 . . . 511 . . . 300 224 '. '. '. 225 . . . 310 . . . 617 . .1,687 ...217 . .2,945 . . . 750 . . . 210 ...314 .517 756 308 Towns Loca. Pop. ♦Longview ...110., Loraine 98. , Lorena 146. , Lott 157.. Louise 214. . Lovelady 161.. ♦Lubbock 39.. Lueders 79. . ♦Lufkin 163.. Luling 194.. Lyford 347.. Lyons 179. . Lyra 83. . 31 Mabank 87. McAUen 346. McCauUey ....78. McDade 195. ♦McKinney . . .66. McLean 14. McNeil 176. ♦Madisonville 160. Mahon 113. Jlalakoff 108. Malone 138. Manning 163. Manor 176. Mansfield 84. Marathon . . . .169. :\rarble Falls.. 155. ♦Marfa 168. Margaret 34. Marietta 73. Marion 310. ♦Marlin 157. Marquez 1,59 . ♦Marshall . . . .94. Mart 146. Martindale . .194. ♦Mason 153. ♦Matador 31. Matagorda ...229. Maud 53. Maxwell 194. May 124. Maynard 183. May pearl ... .107. Melissa 66. ♦Memphis . . . .25. ♦Menard 152. Jlercedes . . . .246. Mercury 141 . ♦Meridian . . . .137. Merit 67. Merkel 100. Martens 138. IMesquite 239. Mesquite 85. Mexia .147 . Meyersville ..226. ♦Miami 9. ♦Midland 118. Midlothian ..107. Milam 178. Milburn 101. Miles 122. Milford 107. Millersview . .140. Millett 331. Millican 180. Millsap 83. Milvid 303. Minden Ill . Mineola 90. Minera 238. Mineral Wells 82. Mingus 82. Mission 246. ,155 633 450 ,021 310 671 938 750 ,748 ,404 317 318 ,191 Towns Loca. Pop. . .15. . .1.56. , .134. . . ..50. . . .47. Mebeetle . , Moffatt ... Monahans Monkstown Montague Mont Belvien.218. Montgomery .201. Montopolis . . .196. Jloodv 146. Moore 223. Moran 80. Morgan 127. Morgan Mill . .103. ..1,500 . .1,500 . . . 890 . . . 521 .4,714 . . . 633 . . . 300 . .1,500 ... 315 . .. 310 . . . 518 . . . 715 . . . 688 . . . 637 . . . 310 . .1,061 . . . 703 . . . 350 . . . 2.55 . .1.200 . .3.878 . . 316 .11,452 . .2,930 . . . 526 . 1,115 ... 719 . . . 615 . . . 318 . . . 350 . . . 416 . . . 250 . . . 516 . . . 253 ..1,936 . . . 518 . .1,209 . . . 518 ...718 . . . 323 . .2,008 . . . 450 . . . 687 . . . 687 . .2.694 . . . 200 . . . 528 . .2,192 . . . 868 . . . 450 . . . 309 . .1,302 . . . 766 . . . 250 . . . 319 ...615 ...814 . . . 200 . . . 215 . .1,706 . .1.176 . . 3.950 . .1.115 . . 1.500 . . . 650 . . . 300 . . . 218 . . . 318 . . . 284 . . . 2.50 . . . 417 . . . 217 . . . 983 . . . 601 . . . 451 . . . 831 . . . 350 Moro 100. Morrill 132. Moscow 184. Mosheim . . . .127. , Moulton 212. Mount Calm 128., Mt. Ent'rprise 111. , ♦Mt. Pleasant 71. ♦Mt. Vernon ..70. Muenster 48. Mullin Mills. Munday Myra . . .143. , . .43. ...48. . 218 . 240 . 250 . 617 . 700 . 500 3.137 1.300 . 416 . 7.50 . 956 . 415 N ♦Nacogdoches 164. Naples 72 . Nash ,53. Navasota . . . .181. Neches 131 . Neuville 166. Nevada 66. Newark 64. New Berlin . .210. New Boston ... .53. ♦N'w Bra'nf's 192. New Fountain 208. Newport 46. ♦Newton ....187. New Waverly 182. New Willard 184. NTix'n Gon'les 211. Noack 177. Nocona 47 . Nordheim 226. Nomangee ...159. Normanna . . .234. Nubia 100. Nursery 227. O Oak Grove .... 53 . Oakland 213. ♦Oakville 233. Oakwood ....159. O'Brien 60. ♦Ochiltree 4. ♦Odessa 117. Oglesby 145. Oiuelos 338. Olive 204. Olney 62. Omaha 92. Omen 109. ♦Orange 305. Orchard 315. Orphans Home 85. Osceola 138. Ottawa 160. Ottine 211. Ovalo 100. Overton 111. Ovilla 107. ♦Ozona 150. •Paducah 33. Paige 195. ♦Paint Rock . .140. Palacios 229. ♦Palestine ...131. Palmer 107. ♦Palo Pinto . . .82. Punchita 246. Pandora 224. •Panhandle ...13. Paradise 64. ♦Paris 51 . Park Springs . .64. Pearland 203. •Pearsall 222. Peaster 83. Pecan Gap . . . .68. •Pecos 115. Peerless 69. Polham 129. Pella 64. Peniel 67. Pennington ..162. Perry 157. Pert 131. Petrolia 46. . 3.369 .1.178 . . 431 .3.284 . . 350 . . 250 . . 510 . . 350 . . 420 .2,144 .3,165 . . 200 . . 275 .1,200 . . 530 . . 513 .1,134 .1,250 .1,338 . . 850 . . 200 . . 413 . . 520 . . 250 . . 210 . . 250 . . 750 . . 906 . . 610 . . 515 .1,123 . . 321 .. 315 . . 301 .1,095 . . 812 . . 225 .5,527 212 . . 217 . . 412 . . 312 . . 350 . . 619 . . 719 . . 209 . 1,200 ..1,350 . . . 518 . . . 521 . . 1 .369 .10,433 . . . 605 . . . 750 ...212 . . . 200 ...521 . . . 563 .11.269 . . . 318 . . . 2.50 . .1.799 . . . 320 . . . 619 . .1.8,56 . . . 250 . . . 318 . . . 200 . . . 467 ...215 ...210 . . . 224 . . . 517 Tvwns Loca. Pop. .108. . .167.. .182. . .91. . .29. ..66. .223 '.~.iaV. Pelly 51 Phelan 195 Peckton 69 Pilot Grove.... 49 Pilot Point ...65 Pinegrove . Pineland Pine Valley ♦Pittsburg •Plainview Piano ♦Pleasanton Poetry .... Point 88. Point Isabel . .247. Polly 190. Pontotoc 153. Poolville 83. Port Arthur.. 219. Portland 242. ♦Port Lavaca. 237. •Post 57. Postoak 63. Pottsboro 49. Prairie Hill . .147. Prairie Lea... 194. Prairie View. .200. Presidio 168. Press 164. Pritchett 92. Proctor 125. Progreso . . . .246. Prosper 66. Putnam 101. Q •Quannah ... .33. Queen City ... .73. Quinlan 67. Ouintana ....216. •Quitman 90. Quito 134. R Rabke 226. Rancho 211 . Randado 244. Randolph 50. Ronger 102. Ravenna .50. Raymondville 247. Ray wood . . . .203. Reagan 157. Realitos 239. Red Branch .161. Red Oak 107. Redwater . . . .53. •Refugio 236. Ramlio 186. Rennea 66. Rhome 66. Rhonesboro . . .92. Rice 124. Richardson . . .85. Richland ....129. •Richmond . .215. 'Rienzi 128. Riesel 146. Ringold 47. ♦Riogrande . .245. Riovirta 245. Rising Star . .102. River 203., Rivera 241 . Roanoke 6.5. Roans Prairie 181 . ♦Robert Lee .121. ♦Roby 78. Rochester . . . .60. . Rock Creek . . .83. Rockdale . . . .178. Rock Island Rockland . . . ♦Rockport •Rock Springs 188. •Rockwall ... .86. Roda 147. Roganville Rogers . . Roma Rosalie . . Roscoe . . .. 351 . . 418 . . 208 . . 2.50 .1,371 . . 200 .. 211 . . 218 .1,916 .2,829 . 1 ,3.58 . . 6.50 . . 301 . . 200 . . 3!;6 . . 218 . . 2.50 . . .501 .7.663 . . 200 . 1 ,639 . 513 . . 318 . . 313 . . 200 . . 312 . . .530 . . 300 . . 315 . . 218 . . 314 . . 319 . . 318 . . 518 3.127 . . 388 . . 537 . . 537 . . 428 . . 314 313. .185. .243. ..186. ,.156. . .245. 52 '.'.'.99. . . 471 . . 2.50 .. 350 . 412 .1.134 . . 280 . . 4.50 . . 200 . . 430 . . 334 . . 680 . . 350 . . 341 . . 158 .. 751 . .314 . . 314 . . 2.50 . . 318 . . 300 . . 350 .1.371 . . 341 . . 550 . . 412 .2.109 . . 518 . . 640 . . 408 . . 200 . . 410 . . 250 .1.800 . . 951 . . 520 . . 571 .2.073 . ..521 . . 200 .1.383 . . 7.50 .1,136 . . 250 . . 217 .1.375 . . 671 . . 300 . . 941 195 Texas Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Towns. Loca. Pop. Rosebud 157... 1,572 Rosehill 202. .. . 317 Rosenberg .. .215. .. 1,198 Rosewood 92 ... . 304 Rosser 87 211 Rosston 48 312 Rossville 233 314 Rotan 78... 1,126 Round Rock .177.... 920 Round Top ..197 314 Rowena 122 308 Roxton 51. . . . 617 Royse City . .860. . .1,250 Royston 78. . . . 250 Rule 60 981 Runge 225... 1,500 *Ruck 132... 1,558 Rvalo 201 200 Rye 203 314 fiabinal 207. . Sabine 219.. Sabine Pass ..219. Sadler 49. . Sagerton 60. . Sage 155. . Saint Hednig 209. . Saint Jo 47. . Salado 156. . *San Angelo .139., *San Antonio 209. *San Benito .247. *Panderson . .170. *San Diego ..239. Sandy 175.. San Elizario .113. San Felipe . .199. Sanger 65. *San Marcos .193. San Patricio. .242. *San Saba ..142. Sansom 171 . Santa Anna . .123. Santa Maria .247. Santo 82. San Ygnacio .244. Saratoga . . . .204. Sarco Creek .235. Saron 162, Savoy 50. Schertz 210. Schulenburg .197. Schumansville 210. Scotland 45. Scranton . . . .102. Scurry 87. Seagoville ... .85. Sealv 199. *Sequin 210. Loca. Pop. .1.640 . . 400 . . .363 .. 417 . . 520 . . 318 .. 514 . . 822 . . 420 10.321 96.614 .2,124 . . 724 .2,574 .. 2,50 . . 834 . . 206 . . 802 .4,071 .315 . .1,.508 . . . 478 . .1,453 . . . 2.50 . . 516 . . . 920 . .1,015 . . . 621 . . . 534 . . . 328 . . . 350 . .1,091 . . . 312 . . . 323 . . . 334 . . . 2.50 . . . 308 . .1.600 . .3,116 'Seminole .74.. . . 510 *Sevmour . . .44. . .2,029 Shatter 168. .1,144 Shamrock .15. .1,018 Shelby 199. .. 200 Shelbyville . 166. . . 206 Shepherd . . . 183. . . 210 * Sherman .40. 12,412 *Sherwood 138.. . . 708 Shiner 202. . a,096 Shiro .181. .. 250 Sierra Blanca 113. . . 320 *Silverton . . ..34. . . 724 *.Sinton .242. .1,500 Sipe Springs .125. .. 314 SV;idmore 234. .1,138 Smiley .211. .1,184 Smyrna .... .154. . . 318 *Snyder .... ..77. .2,514 Socorro .113. . .1,147 Somerville . . .179. . .2,400 *Sonora .... .172. . . . 820 Sourlake .204. . .6,180 Spanish Fort .47. . . . 347 Springtown ..83. . . . 780 Stacy .141. . . . 200 Stamford . . . ..79. ..3,902 Stanley .184. . . . 421 *Stanton ... . .96. ..1,420 Steele's Store 180. . .. 200 *Stephenville 103. ..2,561 ♦Sterling City 120. . . . 841 Rockdale .224. . .1.250 Stoneham .181. . . . 251 Stonewall .. ..174 .. .200 *Stratford .. o . . . 520 Streason . . . ..82. ..1,128 String .156. . . . 258 Steubner . . . .202. . . . 218 Sublime .... .212. ... 208 Sullivan . . . .210. ... 224 Sulphur Bluff 69. ... 251 *Sulphur Sp,gs 69. . .5,151 Summers Millsl56. ...215 Sunset ..47. . . . 650 Sunshine . . .241. ... 200 Sutherland Springs . . .224. . .. 750 Swan .109. ... 218 Sweet Home .242. . .. 520 *Sweet Water 99. ..4,170 *Tahoka 56.... 871 Talpa 1. 123... 1,208 Tarkington Prairie 203 567 Tatum Ill 341 Taylor 177... 5. 314 Teague 130... 3,288 Tehuacana ...147 425 Towns Loca. Pop. Temple 156.. 10,993 Tenoha 166 491 Terlingua 169 200 Terrell 87... 7,050 Texarkana ... .53. . .9,790 Texas City . . .217. Texla 205. Theta 67. .421 .520 .481 .344 .641 .678 .420 Thomaston ..226. Thorndale . . .178. Thornton . . . .147. Thorp Spring .104. * Throckmorton 61 671 Thurber 103... 4,523 *Tilden 232 584 Timpson 166... 1,528 Tioga 49. . .1,566 Todd 181 479 Tokeen 122 200 Tolar 104 455 Tolbert 35 221 Tnm Bean 49 288 Town Bluff .. .185 317 Tovah 115... 1,052 Tracy 178 200 Trenton 50 550 Trinity 162 851 Trinity Mills . .85 208 Troup" 109... 1,126 Troy 156 518 Truscott 43 215 *Tulia 23... 1,216 Tunis 179 286 Tupelo 129 200 Turtle Bavou 218.... 471 Tve 100 251 *Tyler 109.. 10,479 V Union 224 314 Upton 195 568 TTtopia 207 200 ♦Uvalde 207... 3,998 Uvalde Station 207 785 Towns Loca. Pop. V .148., .127.. .48.. . .49. .113. . .229. . Valentine . . . Valley Mills Valley View Van Alstyne Van Horn . . Van Vleck . , Velopsco 216. . Velma 142. . * Vernon 3.5. , ♦Victoria 227. . Vidor 205., View 192., Village Mills .204. , Vincent 97.. Voss 123., 217 708 350 ,441 381 200 ,587 495 ,195 ,673 287 451 418 200 780 W *Waco 146.. 26,425 Waelder 211... 1,100 Waldrip 141 257 TEXAS GROWTH IN POPULATION. With the rapidity of growth of the Texan Empire the reader will understand that many towns here mentioned are considerably larger in population today than when the census was taken in 1010. Wiiy this State is advancing in growth so rapidly will be understood by perusal of the following pages descriptive of Texas. Waller Wallis Station Wallisville . . Walnut Springs Warren Warrenton .. Washington Waskom .... Waterman . . Waukegan . . Waverly .... ♦Waxahachie ♦Weatherford Webberville Wehdem . .. . Welmer Weinert .... Welcome .... AVellborn ... ♦Wellington . Wesley West Westbrook . . W. Columbia T\^estminster Weston Westpoint . . . ♦Wharton ... White City . Whitehouse . Whitesboro Whitewright Whitney . . . . Whitt ♦Wichita Fall Willis ... Wils Point Wimer . . . Winehell . Winchester Windom Wingate . Winnie Winnsboro Winona Winters Wokatv . . "Wolfe City Woodbury Woodland Woodlawn Woodsboro ♦ Woodville Wortham Wylie . . . .200 481 199 876 .218 3.50 .127. . .1,340 .185 671 .197 468 .198 396 . .94 501 .166 476 .201 581 .182 200 107. . .6,205 .83. . .5,074 .176 311 .199 314 .23. ..60. .199. .180. ..20. .198. .146. ..98. 216. 66. .906 .. .779 .. .225 ...478 ...576 .. .217 .1,645 .. .517 . . .209 .. .378 .66 250 .197 318 .214. . .1,505 .165 384 .109 250 . .49.. .1,219 . .49. . .1,563 .128 766 . .83 517 s 36. . .8,200 .201. . .89. . .85. .124. .197. .1,126 .1,398 .. .258 ,. .256 , . . 406 Yoakum . Yorktown ..50 415 .122 200 .218 207 ..90. ..1,741 .109 318 .122. . .1,347 .178 314 ...67. . .1,402 .128 218 . .52 220 . .94 200 ..236 587 .185 920 .130 899 . .66 630 .236. . .4,657 .226. . .1,180 ♦Zapata 214. Zepher 124. Zorn 210. Zuber 112. Zuehl 210. .725 .781 .200 .517 .218 196 Inducements Offered to New Settlers in Texas GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TEXAS With Condensed Important Facts Relating to Soil, Prices of Land in Different Parts of the State, Temperature on the Gulf Coast and in the Panhandle Region — Future Possibilities. Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises. People Who Worry about the rapid coming of foreign-born population into tlic United States fail to comprehend the greatness of this country. This may be understood by a little computation, relating to the state of Texas. To Illustrate there are in this state 26.5,780 square miles, multiply by 6-10 acres in the square mile, and see the many millions of acres we obtain. Real estate ag:ents divide acres, in the cities, into ten lots to the acre. This would .give us 1,700.992,200 lots. Assigning '.) persons to a lot we could place the whole human family of 1.5.000.000,000 people into the state of Texas and give each family of nine persons an average city lot, 25 by 125 feet in size. Of eourse we are not anticipating any such crowd- ing of dense population into the state of Texas. We are simply using this illustration to show the im- mensity in size of this state and demonstrate the fact that there need be no concern about this country being over-populated in hundreds of years, even if immigra- tion continues to come at the rate of a million a year. T^Tien the Panama Canal is finished. The fertility of soil, warmth of temperature, accessibility to the great markets of the world, on the completion of the Panama Canal, all conspire to mal^e a population as dense as is in Illinois which would make it six times greater than it is now, being a state population of IS. 292. 710 v.-ith a density of some over 66 persons to the square mile. While we cannot say how soon that will be it is very certain that the population will be several times larger than it now is in Texas. FIVE DIVISIONS OF TEXAS IN SOEL AND CLIMATE Geographers divide the state, in topography, into five sections, — the eastern, the central, western, northern and southern, along the Gulf Coast. The first division includes the territory between the Sabine and Trinity Rivers in Liberty, Freestone and Dallas counties. The Sabine forms the boundary line between Texas and Louisiana. Fron^ the Sabine west to the Trinity is a distance of from 40 to 100 miles, and is mostly a heavily timbered region. The soil in this section, on the upland, is a sandy loam resting on a clay subsoil. In the valleys it is generally a deep vegetable mold, very rich and productive. The second division comprises the region westward from the Trinity River. A distance of 100 and 200 miles, to the Colorado River, and contains a large portion of the wheat lands of the state and extensive prairies. The Colorado extends northward through the city of Austin, and through Fayette. Bastrop, Burnett, Brown, Runnels and Cooke counties, up into Martin county. The western part of Texas includes the vast terri- tory from the Colorado to the Rio Grande Rivers, about four- fifths of which is prairie land and is used extensively for stock raising. The northern division contains the counties along the Red River on the north, and is about equally divided between forest and prairie and has a yellow loamy sandy soil. T>iT.^, ^l \\.°^-c^^% '^'?,'^ U''"" "°''^1^ °f ^^<' (Canadian Ri\ ei m the Panhandle Region, comprising Oldtham. ., '".V^"''^^'"^'-'" ^"'l Roberts counties, is appar- ently the sediment of a great lake that is believed to have been here m prehistoric times, and is exceed- ingly fertile. THE DESERT REGION The western part of the state comprises a broad expanse of desert land destitute of trees and vegeta- tion, lying at an elevation of from 2.000 to 4 000 foet The principal elevations of the state are the g'uadalune Mountams in El Paso, Reeves and Jeff Davis counties. THE PANHANDLE The Panhandle Region is destined to become the abiding place of a vigorous hardv race of people A large proportion of crisp, bright, bracing, sunshiny days makes it a salubrious and delightful climate in which to live. Outdoor work can be carried on there almost every day in the year. Sunstrokes are un- known, and the nights are always cool. While the Panhandle portion of Texas has been largly a stock growing region, as time progresses it will be proven to have a climate and soil favorable for a diversity of crops. For several years past excellent vield has been had of sorghum, millet, alfalfa, kaflir corn and other crops, showing that when attention is given to farm- ing, outside of cattle breeding, an excellent return may be expected in growing a general variety of crops. NORTHERN PART OF TEXAS As this northern part of Texas and the Panhandle country are a legion liable to interest the land seeker he should know that in Wheeler county the principal crops at present are corn, macaroni, wheat, oats, alfalfa and cotton. Fruits and vegetables do well and good results have come from growing sugar beets. The price of land varies from .$3.50 to .flO per acre. In Gra.v county half of the county is in prairie lands and the other half in hills and valleys with black and sandy soils. PRINCIP.4L CROPS Well water liere at 30 and 300 feet. Principal crops are cotton, Indian corn, wiieat. oats, millet, sorghum, and broom corn. Jlelons and vegetables of all kinds do well. Lands worth from .?3.50 to ?10 per acre. PRICES OF L.VND. Prices throughout the state vary from $3 to .?.">0, .$1.")0 and .');200 per acre, depending upon location. The visitor land seeker must himself determine which is the best investment. The average rainfall in 1911 as is marked by dis- tinct zones and decreases from east to west at the rate of five inches per every sixty miles. It is .50 inches along the eastern border from the Red River to the mouth of the Sabine. 2.5 inches through the west central region at Xolan and Taylor counties. 1.5 inches in the Valley of the Pecos River in Pecos and Crockett counties and 10 inches in EI Paso county and along the southern border of New Mexico. 197 Texas Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises TEMrEKATUKE IN TEXAS The tempernture of Texas decreases about one degree every 40 mile« as you pass to the north. Thus, while along the Gulf Coast at Galveston and Corpus Christ! the average annual temperature is 70, it is 54 in the Panhandle Region. In the valley of the Rio Grande and for a hundred miles inland from the Gulf, the lowest temperatures range from 10 to IS above, the latter being the lowest at Brownsville, at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Along the Coast the thermometer seldom registers below 20 and one year in five not below 32. Zero temperature has not been experienced except in the extreme northwestern part of the state where 14 be- low has been recorded. Over the Central parts of the state the mercury falls below 32 only in the months of December, January, February and March, and then for not more than 28 days all told. FIRST lilLLING FROSTS Alon.E: the Coast the first killing frost occurs Dec. 15; in the central and eastern parts of the state Nov. 15, and in the northern part Oct. l.j. The last killing frost occurs in the Coast country about Feb. 5. one hundred miles inland Feb. 20, and in other parts of the state about March 1. The temperature of the Gulf of Mexico has great influence, affecting all the southern part of the state. The cool breezes from the ocean keeps the tern- perature down in summer and up in winter. The Gulf breeze blows over two-thirds of Texas ten months in the year. By constant changes in the air it increases evaporation, rendering the nights cool, no matter how hot the days. In January and Febru- ary the Gulf winds are displaced by the winter mon- soons called "northers." If it were not for these "northers" coming down from the Canadian country the mercury in Texas would not ever go down to the freezing point and the southern part of the state would be in the orange and banana belt. WHAT CAN BE GROWN IN TEXAS In the line of cultivated products the eastern division of the state will produce, and that abund- antly, everything that can be grown in the southland. It will produce all the cereals from wheat to rice, but owing to the deversity and quality of its soils it is especially adapted to fruit and garden truck. THE NATl'RAI. WHEAT REGIONS OF TEXAS The northern section of the central prairie and the northwestern part of the plains are the great wheat regions of the state. To the southwest, in the country of the Nueces Uiver where the Coast belt, the prairie and the plains merge into a triangle, south of San Antonio, is a section seccnd only to eastern Texas, in its adaptation to fruit culture and the production of garden vegetables. The Coast country is the natural home of rice and sugar cane. In the central prairie zone, while everj'- thing known co mixed farming will do well, cotton and corn are at present the staple products. The western plains while merely .given to cattle ranges are being gradually thrown open for farming purposes, the ordinary field crop of wheat, coin, broom corn, cotton and such crops being raised to advantage. CROrS ADAPTED TO TEXAS Among crops adapted to the soil and clijnate of Texas, cotton is a product admirably adapted to the climate, soil and labor conditions of" the south. The yield is reasonably certain and the market constant. The establisliment of factories in various parts of the state for the manufacture of the cotton into clothes will soon make a home market that will greatly benefit this industry. ■WTiile Texas is not a wheat state there are 26.000,000 acres in the state that will give good wheat and as time passes it is probable that more and more winter wheat will be sown as the crops mature early and escapes the dry hot weather of July. THE FRUIT BELT OF TEXAS The fruit belt of Texas extends from the south- west to the northeast across the state. It is now definitely known that peaches, apples, pears and plums, among the larger fruits, and grapes, straw- berries, blackberries and dewberries, among the smaller fruits, will flourish in eastern Texas. It has been demonstrated also that peaches, apricots, Hgs, pliuns and all the smaller fruits, are indigenous to the soil and climate of the southwestern part of the slate. It should not be understood that these are not the only regions in Texas where fruit raising can be profitably conducted. Orchards are everywhere throughout the state and time will reveal by experi- ment later how widely the fruit and early vegetable zones may be extended. We could greatly extend \.his article on the advantage of truck growing on the Gulf coast of Texas. The Irish potato is planted here in February and matures in May. The second crop, the same year on the same land is planted in July and matures in November. The yield is from 100 to 250 bushels to the acre. PRICES OF EARLY VEGETABLES The Texas grower counts upon $1.00 per bushel for his first crop. Southwestern Texas is the home of the cabbage. It is a winter vegetable and in the mild climate of the state it is planted in November and is ready for market in mid-winter. The yield is immense. _ The profits on cantaloupes and melons run from $100 to .$2.50 per acre. On onions the profits have some- times run as high as JSSOO per acre. The Texas Ber- mudas stand very high in the market. Much can be said of the great outlook for Texas in many respects. With 400 miles of Coast line on the Gulf of Mexico, the Red River on the north border navigable for 000 miles, the project is being consid- ties, and with the Rio Grande on the western border navigable for 600 miles, the project is being consid- ered of constructing the Intercoastal Canal extending from the Rio Grande River at Brownsville to Don- aldsonville. on the Mississippi River north of New Orleans. This canal between 600 and 700 miles long. THIS INTERCOASTAL CANAL will unite the bays, lagoons and bayous which lie along the coast. This proposed waterway is to be 60 feet wide and nine feet deep, being of sufficient size for use by the most of the Mississippi River steam- ers. A part of the improved water way system is to make the Brazos River navigable for .500 miles up to Waco, in Lennan County, the Trinity River navigable for 600 miles up to Dallas, in Dallas '~'ounty. the Colorado River and others, giving in all, with the connections on the Mississippi River and its tribu- taries, some 8,000 miles of waterway, the steamers on which can penetrate ."00 and 600 miles up into the interior of Texa^. To appreciate the magnitude of the undeveloped resources of this state it is only necessary to study statistics for a little time. IMMENSE POSSIBILITIES In ISOO there wag raised 78,000 pounds of rice along this proposed canal. In 1900 it was SOO.OOO pounds, and in 1003 the product was 400,000.000 pounds, valued at $7,500,000. This means only about 400,000 acres of rice land in cultivation, whereas between the Rio Grande and Sabine Lake there are 4,000.000 acres of rice land, one-half of which in cultivation would yield .$75,000,000 annually. ST.4NDING TEMBER IN TEXAS The thickly standing timber in the state covets an area of 36,000 square miles — an area equal to the state of Indiana. About two-thirds of this area is covered with pine and hardwood forests spread over the balance. The rivers that extend northward into the interior of the state will bring out this lumber to the Inter- coastal Canal to be distributed, it is expected, by that canal system to all parts of the country. But the people of Texas say why ship the hardwoods away? Why not work it into every description of wooden ware — furniture, interior building, etc. ? The state is waiting for incoming factories to work up the hardwoods. TEXAS IS YET YOUNG It must be remembertd that Texas is yet voung and its possibilities but dimly comprehended. It was only in 1889 that the first petroleum oil wells began to bring revenue to the state bv an output of 48 barrels of oil. In 1905 the production was 28,- 136.189 barrels, being one-fifth of the total produc- tion in the United States, and comes irom wells in several different counties. 198 It is only a short time ago when it was discovered that artesian wells would (low water. There are now some 10,000 square miles of artesian well area, and more being found where sinking a well from 650 feet to 1,100 feet in depth will flow water at the rate of from 100 to 1,100 gallons an hour. THE REGION FOR GROWING SUGAR CANE Millions of acres in Texas are adapted to the growth of sugar cane, and this industry will assume large importance in this state. While immigration is rapidly pouring into Texas, lands yet remain ver.v cheap in price. In the central prairie region — a section well settled and with a soil that cannot be duplicated, except in certain portions of the Mississippi Valley. — improved lands can be bought for from $1.5 to $.50 per acre, and unimproved land can be had from $6 to .$30 per acre, according to location in reference to water and rail transporta- tion. PRICES IN EASTERN TEXAS In the eastern part of the state, that part which has been settled more than a century — the pic- turesque, and perhaps the most fertile part of the state, land can be bought for from $3 to $20 per acre according to improvements. There are tracts of cut-over timber land and pas- ture land that can be bought at $2 per acre, and that in several portions of the state. There are fruit and truck farms which yield an income equal to 100 per cent on a land valuation of $100, while the land within two miles can be bought for $6 an acre. Farms that are paying an income on a capitaliza- tion of $50 per acre have for neighbors farms that can be bought for $12 per acre. This condition can- not long remain. The steady stream of immigration will adjust prices to values in a very few years. Un- occupied land is always worthless. A speculative value may attract to it for a time, but in the end it becomes a burden unless it is occupied and made to contribute through cultivation. LOOK IP THE TRUCK BUSINESS ♦ v,'^^'' '''i"'! ^^.'^^*^^ goini? into Texas should look un the truck business A great change has been made and remarkable advancement has been made in the truck industry witliin the last few years S.-vrral causes combine to produce this. Among these Is an educated appetite which calls for peck vege- table^, and ripe fruit in mid-winter to be delivered in all the great markets of the north. The establish- ment of the refrigerator car. fast train service and the manufacture of ice in the warm climates, where truck can be grown. KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO GROW AND SHIP Added to this, knowledge has been acquired as to how to best grow, pack and ship. Experience has taught what will sell best, how shippers can combine and co-operate. The railroads, in the meantime de- sirous of upbuilding the business, have so arranged their schedules of time in fast shipment as to greatly facilitate the trucking business. PIONEER STATES IN EARLY SHIP3IENT TO NORTHERN MARKETS. It is not generally understood that the advance made in shipping of early fruits and vegetables has been wholly built up within a brief time. Virginia sent a car of garden truck to the New York market May 26, 18S5. South Carolina followed with a con- signment April 12. 1S88. A carload of oranges went forward to New York from Florida in 1888. Cali- fornia has been shipping oranges since 1886 in re- frigerator cars. The earl.y fruit and truck business, begun only so short a time ago. now employs thousands of men. women and children, and will expand. Closely fol- lowing the early shipment of fruits and vegetables comes the canning of surplus products, a business which is now giving employment to tens of thousands of workmen in the United States. The steady growth of all this comparatively new and rapidly growing industry forecasts the Tact that there will be a steadily increasing demand for the land situated in a climate and on a soil that will per- mit the growth of that which will supply that demand. Condensed Important Facts Relating to the State. Dimensions. Extreme length of state, north to south, 620 miles: extreine width, east to west, 760 miles. Area, 265,780 square miles. Climate. Pure, temperate and healthful summer heat, relieved by breeze from the Gulf. Winters mild and invigorating. Climate of the Gulf Coast semi- tropical. The eastern part rainy, the middle moder- ate, the southwestern portion dry. Corn is planted in February and harvested in July. Average annual temperature, for the state, 69.20; January, El Paso, 44; .ruly, 82. Warmest, 113; coldest. 5 below. Yearly rainfall, 0.3 inches. Brownsville, January tempera- ture, 57; July, 84. Extremes: Warmest, 102; coldest, 18 above. Yearly rainfall, 36.9 inches. Palestine, Anderson County: January temperature. 43; July, 82. Extremes, warmest, 104; coldest, 6 below. Yearly rainfall, 46.5 inches. Altitude. The highest point in the state, Chanate Peak, in the Guadaloupe Mountains, in El Paso County, 7,730 feet. Histor.v. La Salle, French explorer, erected a fort at Matagorda Bay in 1687; the country settled by the Spaniards and several missions established in 1715. Territory claimed by both Spaniards and French at time of Louisiana purchase in 1803. Settlements made and attempts to wrest it from Spain I.SOB-ISIO. In one battle 2,500 Mexicans and Americans killed 1813. Declared its independence of Spain and with Coahuila formed State of Mexico, 1827. Seceded from Mexico. 1S3G. Santa Ana invaded Texas, in- vested the Alamo, a fort near San Antonio, and put its garrison to the sword. The Mexican army routed; the state declared independent, and its independence acknowled.ged by the t^nited .States in 1S37. Was annexed to the United States in 1846. Mexico, which had never recognized the Independence of Texas, invaded the state, which caused the Mexican War of 1846-1848. Seceded in 1861 and re-admitted in 1870. OTHER FEATURES OF INTEREST. If space permitted we could dilate on many other advantages offered the land-seeker in this groat area of territory, spanning for four hundred miles the Gulf of Mexico and for eight hundred miles bordering the Rio Grande. Our advertising columns may present other desirable features which we have not mentioned. 199 UTAH STATE AND THE 27 COUNTIES OF UTAH With Their Boundaries Location and Population of UTAH COUNTIES Lo- ca- COUNTIES Pop. tion 1910 1 Box Elder. .13,894 2 Cache. .23,063 3 Rich. . 1,883 4 Weber. .35,179 5 Davis. .10,191 6 Morgan.. 2,467 7 Summit. . 8,200 8 Tooele. . 7,924 9 Salt Lake. 131,426 10 Utah.. 37,943 11 Wasatch.. 8,920 12 Uinta. . 7,050 13 Juab.. 10,703 14 Sanpete. .16,704 15 Carbon. . 8,624 16 Millard. . 6,118 17 Sevier. . 9,775 18 Emery.. 6,750 19 Grand. . 1,595 20 Beaver. . 4,717 21 Piute. . 1,734 22 Wayne.. 1,749 23 Iron. . 3,933 24 Garfield.. 3,660 25... Washington.. 5,123 26 Kane. . 1,652 87 San Juan. . 2,377 Total 373,351 UTAH CITIES AND VIL- LAGES ^ITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Towns Loca. Pup. Alpine 10. . Alta 9., American Fork. 10. , Annabella Aurora . . .17. .17. B ..1.. .20., .10., ..9. Bear River City . . *Beaver Benjamin Bingham Canyon Blaine 5 Boneta 11 Bountiful 5 *Brigham 1 Brinton 9 Burtner 16 . . 496 . . 390 .3,797 . . 360 . . 406 . . 463 .1,899 . . 863 .2,811 . . 200 . . 226 .1,677 .3,685 . . 560 . . 250 Cannonville . *Castle Dale. Castlegate . . Castle Rock. Cedar City. . Cedar Valley. Centerfleld . . Centerville Charleston Chester Circleville Clarkston . . . Clearcreck . . Clearfield . . . Clear Lake . . Cleveland *Coalville Collinston Colton Corinne Cove Coyoto Croydon . . . . .24. .18. .15. . .7. .23. .10. .14. . .5. .11. .14. .21. '.ir>'. . .5. .16. .18. ,..7. ..1. .10. ..1. ..2. .24. ..6. . . 220 . . 693 .1,000 . . 220 .1,705 . . 220 . . 63C . . 532 . . 283 . . 326 . . 530 . . 564 . . 863 .. 210 . . 560 . . 520 . . 976 . . 526 . . 330 . . 231 . . 436 . . 2!i0 . . 260 *i UTAH CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPl LATIONS Loca. Pop. D Deep Creek. Deseret .... Devils Slide. Deweyville . Dragon .... Draper .... ..8. .16., ..6. , ..1. .12. E Echo City 7. Eden 4. Elsinore 17. Emery Ephraim .... Escalante . . . . Eureka F Falrview .... *Farmington Fayette Ferron Fielding ♦Fillmore . . . Forest Dale. Frisco .18. .14. .24. .13. .14. ...5. ..14. .18. .. .1. ,.16. . . 9 . .20. . . 320 . . 660 . . 309 . . 204 . . 250 .1,066 . . 220 . . 660 . . 656 . . 525 .2,2> . . 380 Tropic .24. .. 358 U T'inta .4. .. 228 Tnion Upton 'Vernal .10. .20. . 780 . 250 ..12 836 W Wales 14. "Wallsburg ... .11. Wanship 7. AVasatch 9. "Wellington . . ..15. Weber 4. Wellington . . . .15. Wellsville 3. Willard 1. Wilson 4. Winterquarters.15. Woodland 7. Woodruff 3. Woods Cross..... 5. Woodside 18. . . 394 . . 547 . . 233 . . 220 .2,358 . . 560 .3358 .1,195 . . 580 . . 350 . . 308 . . 303 . . 560 .1,066 . . 320 UTAH Beginnings of Mormonism — ^Founders of the Sect Driven From Point to Point — Death of Joseph Smith — Subsequent History of the Mormons. In writing history of various States it is interest- ing to trace the causes of first settlement of a people in any region of the country. Sometimes a section of the country is entered by pioneers who want a good hunting ground; fre- quently by herdsmen who want a large range _fop cattle; sometimes by prospectors in search of precious metals; frequently by parties who want more polit- ical opportunity, and often by associations who want religious freedom. Mormonism was, and is, one of the religious cults in which the followers want no interference with their particular faith. Joseph Smith, the originator of this phase of religious belief, impressed his doc- trine so firmly upon a sufficient number as to enable him to found the church of Latter Day .Saints in Manchester, N. Y., in 1S30. Sidne.v Rigdon, becoming associated with Smith, they went to Independence, Mo., and thence to Kirtland, Ohio, where they were joined by Brigham Young. SMITH RECEIVES A REVELATION In 1843 Joseph Smith, who then had one wife, received a revelation, he claimed, authorizing pol.vg- amy, which caused dissension in the Mormon ranks. In " an exposition of Smith and Rigdon, sixteen women testified that these leaders had attempted to seduce them under the guise of a revelation from heaven. Foster and Lane, who printed this expose, had their printing office destroyed by the Mormons and were compelled to flee to Carthage, 111., where they obtained warrants for the arrest of Joseph Smith and Ilyrum Smith, his brother. This was in Nauvoo, 111., where Joseph Smith and his followers had built a city. Smith being mayor of the town, commander of a military organization and president of the church. THE SMITHS ARRESTED AND PLACED IN JAIL. The warrants obtained by Foster and Lane caused The Smiths to be arrested and lodged in the Car- thage jail. On the night of their imprisonment a mob atta.cked the jail and inside the building Hyrum Smith was shot and killed, and .Joseph, having emp- tied the contents of his revolver upon the crowd, was shot while attemptins; to escape from a window, and fell to the ground dead. This was on June 27, 1843. Brigham Young was appointed to the head of the church, and in 1847, like the Boers of South Africa, who treked hundreds of miles into the interior of their country, to be by themselves, the Mormons emigrated into the wilds of the Rocky Mountains to enjoy their religion unmolested, and settled in the valley of the Great Salt Lake. POLYGAIHY AFFIRAIED BY BRIGHAM YOUNG. In 1852, nine years after the alleged revelation to Smith, Brigham Young athrmed the revelation au- thoiizing polygamy, which has been a distinctive feature of the Mormon religion until recent years. Thus the Mornaons, like many another religious organization before and since, were land seekers from religious zeal. A quiet, industrious people, they constructed the beautiful city of Salt Lake planted orchards, beautified and improved the whole region where they settled, in agricultural conditions, and taught western pioneers, many years ago, the possibilities and benefits of irrigation. VTXn COLONY OF 140 JIEN AND 3 WOMEN. The claim is made that the advance army of the Mormons, who arrived in the Salt Lake Valley, July 24, 1847, included 140 men and three women. These were the people who laid the foundation of a city which is today the center of a thriving country of over a thousand miles in diameter. Salt Lake City, which is situated 4,261 feet above sea level, is the metropolis of the inter-mountain region. Its more important industries are mining, agriculture, horticulture, the manufacture of sugar, salt refining, brick making, smelting, the manufac- ture of mining and milling machinery, and a dozen other branches of business connected with the devel- opment and reclamation of the arid West. THE STATE YET W.\ITING FOR SETTLERS. By the report sent out from the general land office at Washington there were seen to be, July 1, 1!I06, over 38,000,000 acres of government land yet unappropriated and waiting for homestead settlors, in Utah. On a visit to the Government Land OlTico at Salt Lake, it will be seen that there are numerous fertile valleys in this state where large cities can and will yet be built up. \t the land office here will be learned also con- cerning the irrigation project of the Utah Lake, the 201 Utah Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises Bear Lake project and the Strawberry Valley irri- gation project. It is probable that a visit into this region will disclose to the land seeker many superior openings for inN^estment. See Utah in our depart- ment of government iirigation. But whether or not it is decided, to make Utah a permanent abiding place, a journey to Salt Lake City will be exceedingly interesting. The city today, which in 1^00 had 80,000 population, has a growing population, seen in our list of towns, has 132 miles of street railway, streets 132 feet wide, with double avenues of trees on each side, between which, at the roadside, flow clear streams of rippling water, which come down from the melting snows of the Wasatch mountains which shelter the city to the east and north. Four years ago, when we visited the place, there were here fifteen banks having aggregate deposits of $20,000,000; four daily papers, two morning and two evening; a splendid water supply; four big pleasure resorts, two theaters, five hospitals, three large, modern hotels and numerous smaller ones; three natural hot spring baths equipped with plunge pools; a delightful public park with free music; many fra- ternal, social and intellectual clubs — while, when it comes to a climate, for those suffering from pul- monary diseases, Salt Lake City offers the weak- chested a very elixir of life. Those troubled with rheumatism, kidney troubles, and obstinate skin ais- eases hold Salt Lake in high esteem after having taken a course of the hot curative waters that, within the city limits, issue scalding from nature's caldrons in the bowels of the earth. The big Mormon Temple, which cost $3,000,000, Immediately arrests the eyes of the traveler on ar- riving here, while the Mormon Tabernacle, seating 12,000 people, is equally interesting. THE GREAT SALT LAKE. Great Salt Lake is 10 miles from Salt Lake City. This lake is supposed to be the last remnant of an Immense ocean that once spread itself over all this region, the supposition being, inasmuch as latterly it has been decreasing in size, that ultimately it would completely dry up; but for soine unexplained cause, at this writing, the lake is again filling, and before the year is over may raise a foot or more in height. Salt Lake is about 80 miles long and from 30 to 50 broad. Its area is 3.000 square miles and its waters are 22 per cent salt. Utah Lake, 40 miles south of Salt Lake, is 25 miles long and 13 wide, has an area of 130 square miles, and is connected by the Jordan River with Great Salt Lake. Sevier Lake, in Millard County, another large sheet of water, has no outlet but re- ceives from the north, Se\ier River, 150 miles in length. Salt and thermal springs in this region are numerous. BAD SOIL TO BEGIN WITH. The soil of the lowlands of Utah is somewhat alkaline, extremely sandy in portions, and very dry. Much of it, however, has been reclaimed by irriga- tion and rendered profitably productive. The precipitation of rain on the highlands is suf- ficient for vegetation. The annual average tempera- ture in spring is 40.20, in summer 73.57, in winter 30.38. The average annual rainfall is 15.10 inches. THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRY. Aside from mining, the principal industry is agri- culture, which is conducted in some ten of the great valleys of the state. With the extension of irriga- tion the cultivated agricultural area will be propor- tionately enlarged. In the meantime the mountains and high valleys produce an abundance of nutritious grasses, in consequence of which a large live-stock industry has been developed. PRODUCTIONS OF ONE YEAR IN UTAH. Among minerals, and to show the various resources of Utah, the government report of mineral output, in one recent average year, gives the following in- come: Asphaltum stone $ 92,540 Brick 311,899 Brick and tile 544,578 Coal 1,793,510 Coal Tar 6,830 Copper 8,938,496 Lead 4,882,4.54 Zinc 196.489 Mercury 36,000 Gold .5,140,920 Silver 6,666.028 Iron 120,296 Total mineral income for that one year was $25,- 980,682. For agricultural and manufacturing products the lisi was also large It should be borne in mind that Utah is compara- tively a young state yet, has been isolated from the great thoroughfares of travel, has, at the 1900 cen- sus, only 3.4 persons to the square mile, has had religious prejudice to overcome and an arid climate to contend with, yet, in spite of all this, as shown by statistics of one year, is in a highly prosperous condition with an excellent outlook for the future. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS BELATH/g TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Highest in Utah, Mt. Emmons in the Uinta Mountains, in Wasatch Co., 13,694 feet. Climate. — Winters usually mild. Summers dry and warm, rainfall scanty. Range of temperature be- tween summer and winter and day and night often very great. At Salt Lake City, average January temperature, 28 above zero; July, 76. Extremes, warmest, 102; coldest, 20 below zero. Yearly rain- fall, 16.2 inches. Dimensicns. — Extreme length, north and south, 345 miles; width, 275 miles, east and west. Area of the state, 84,970 miles. History. — First explored by the Spaniards about 1540; settled by the Mormons in 1847, who called the region Deseret, and application was made in 1862 for admission of the territory under the name "State of Deseret." The application was refused. The Edmunds bill passed in 1882 for the suppression of polygarfty and disfranchising polygamous Mor- mons met with stubborn resistance and was followed by a bill in 1887 restricting the suffrage and escheat- ing a large amount of Mormon property, real and personal. This led the Mormons in 1890 to pledge themselves to discontinue the practice of polygamy. After a full agreement to obey the laws of Congress T'tah was admitted to the Union as a State, January 4, 1896. San Juan County occupies the southeastern corner of the State, with Monticello the county seat. It is triangular in shape, the extremes being 100 miles north and south and 125 miles east and west. The Colorado River forms the west line, and the whole legion is desert a/id mountainoMS and far from rail- roads. Agriculture is confined to a few small re- claimed areas. There is some stock growing and some mining, the latter being in the prospecting stage. Some gold has been discovered in quartz and a number of placers have been found; but up to this time, mining has not taken on much impor- tance. The belief prevails that the region will ulti- mately produce much copper and gold; but investi gation has not yet made this certain. Assessed valuation, 1910, .$533,475, which includes live stock at .$384,700, representing three-fifths of the total property of the county. The population is 2,377. The principal water courses are the San Juan and Colorado Rivers. These, with several of their trib- utaries, furnish water for a limited irrigated area. The Navajo Indian Reservation occupies the south- east corner of the county. The region of the .San Juan is wild and picturesque and only pprtially ex- plored. It contains many interesting topographical features, among which are the Canon of the Colo- rado, the great Natural Bridges, and many monu- ments of stone that have resisted the erosion of the centuries. Much effort is being made to have the Government set apart portions particularly weird and picturesque as a National Parte, and the prom- ise is that this will ultimately be done. The region is now probably the least known of any portion of the West and every year something new and inter- esting in Nature is being discovered there. Oil seepages along the San Juan River have been known for years, and thirty drilling rigs were in operation January, 1910, and two wells have been opened with a liow of thirty-five gallons to 200 barrels each per day. The oil has a paraffine base and the indica- tions are now that the San Juan region is likely to ultimately become a considerable producer of petro- leum products. Early in 1911, the development of the San Juan oil fields was being carried on at a lapid rate, the monthly expenditures being at least $30,000. THE GREAT SALT LAKE. The Great Salt I^ake is counted one of the marvels of creation, and much has been the speculation as to its origin. There is no mystery about that, how- ever. It is all that is left of old Lake Bonneville — • the prehistoric sea that once washed over the greater portion of Utah and engraved upon the mountain side3 three distinct lines as records of its ancient levels. In a book entitled "Lake Bonneville," which may be obtained from the Department of the In- 202 J Utah Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises tei-ior, Mr. Gilbert, of the United States Geological Survey, has elat)orately discussed this old sea and its geology. The principal valleys of Utah were once covered by the waters of Lake Bonneville, and the moun- tains in the broken ranges about the center of the State were islands on its surface. Geology points out that one prinrordial day Lake Bonneville broke through the mountain barriers on the north and carving out Bear River Canon, emptied into the ocean by way of the Snake and Columbia Rivers. After that, another and much lower shore line, still to be plainly seen, was carved out on the mountains by the chisels of the waves, and from that line the old lake has been coaxed down by evaporation through the centuries, until the present levels of the Great Salt Lake were reached. Every now and then alarmists threaten Utah with a loss of its dead sea. But there is no great fear of that. The lake rises and falls as the region is affected by wet and dry cycles. In 1843 John C. Fremont drove to Antelope Island over dry sand. In ISCS eight miles of water divided the island from the shore. And thus does the lake reflect wet and dry extremes. About 1903 the waters were at low ebb, but since then the rains have been plentiful and the water I^ne has steadily moved outward until Saltair Beach, which five years ago was 2,000 feet without the water line, is now 4,000 feet from shore. The lake has several inlets, but no outlets. It is about seven times the area of the Dead Sea of Palestine and carries about the same percentage of salt, which varies from 19 to 22 per cent, accord- ing to the season of the year. The waters are green-hued and so buoyant that the bather floats without effort upon their surface. The theory is that Lake Bonneville carried about the percentage of salt of the oceans, and that gradual concentra- tion by the process of evaporation is responsible for the extreme density of the present lake. The first mention of the lake was by Baron La Honton, who, according to vague tradition, visited it in 1689, and afterwards told strange tales of bearded men who lived in powerful cities on Its shores and navigated its waters in boats 130 feet long. Father Escalante reached Utah Lake in 1776 and was told by the Indians of another and larger lake to the north — the waters of which were "noxious and extremely salt, producing an itching sensation in the moistened part." Mr. Miller of the Astor Party saw the lake in 1820, and in the same year Prevost trapi)ed along its tributary streams. The credit is, however, gen- erally given to Jim Bridger for the discovery of the lake. His first view of it was in 1824 from the mouth of Bear River, and the accounts he gave of it were the first to contain accurate information. In 1826 four trappers sailed around it in hide canoes, searching for beaver. About 1831 or 1832 Captain Bonneville examined the region and wrote an account of the lake, whereupon Washington Irving gave it the name of I>ake Bonneville, which it bore until 1843, when John C. Fremont, Kit Carson, and others explored it, fixed the latitude and longitude, and gave it its present name. Then came the Mormons in 1847 and founded Salt Lake City, since which time much has been written and said of the water-wonder. The accepted area of the lake is about 2,500 square miles, and its greate.st depth is about thirty-three feet. Nothing lives in it except a shrimp no larger than the head of a pin; but thousands of sea-gulls sport on its waves and have one of its eisht mountain islands as a breeding place. Ordinarily the lake is placid; but it is subject to sudden storms which lash it into fury, and then bathing and boating are diffi- cult and dangerous. The pleasure of a bath in the lake cannot be described. Those who visit it for that purpose number nearly one-half million a year. The buoy- ant waters bear the bather upon the surface and the bath is exhilarating and healthful. Regular bathing in the evening, followed by early retiring, will overcome insomnia, and because of that, nervous and overworked people resort there in great numbers. The sunsets over the lake are gorgeous beyond description. These reach perfection in the summer season and are especially vivid when the clouds arc massed in the west. Then the sky is aflame with every color of conflagration, and the cloud castles are bordered with gold and dyed with all the tints of rose and purple. The mountains, valley, and lake take on the reflection and are suffused with a splendor — a delirium of dyes that the brushes and the paint pots of all the world could never produce. These startling effects are attributed by artists to the influence of the sun- light upon the saline element in the atmosphere. The lake has a marked effect upon the climate of the immediate region. It tempers the extremes of wmter and summer for a hundred miles around and gives a delightful softness and a faint salint taste to the air. Saltair Beach is the principal 'Dleasure resort It IS eleven miles from Salt Lake City and is reached by steam road. The patronage of this resort is generous and the facilities for enjoyment there are numerous. The anticipated improvements for the near future are a trolley line from Salt Lake a large hotel, and a sea-wall to control the inllow of the water and make the shore available for the location of summer cottages. An automobile speed- way from Salt Lake City is also in contemplation, and the tract of level plain between the city and the resort is a popular and well adapted field for aviation. Saltair Beach pavilion is said to be the largest for bathing purposes in the world. It stands over the waves 4,000 feet from the shore and is of Moorish design. The pavilion and other structures represent an expenditure to date of .$.').".0,00l). The pavilion proper is 1,200 feet long and its extreme width 365 feet. The main tower rises 130 feet. Trains reach it upon piling and passengers are received at the grand entrance. All the pleasures usually found at bathing resorts are offered at Saltair. There is an interesting Midway, an ample space for basket luncheons which are very popular, a ship-restaurant of mammoth proportions, and a large hippodrome for summer opera, and the pre- sentation of spectacular attractions. The dancing pavilion on the upper floor is 140 by 150 feet and will accommodate 1,000 couples. Arched over this is a roof similar to that of the Mormon Tabernacle. The pavilion is crescent- shaped and the horns of the crescent carry more than 1,000 drrssing-rooms provided with stationary wash-stands and shower-baths. Convenient access to the water is had from these rooms. Saltair at night presents a magniflcent sight and is distinctly visible from the higher portions of Salt Lake City. SOLID SALT SEA. One of the most curious illustrations of nature- work in Utah is the solid sea which lies between the south shore of the lake and the Deep Creek Mountains. Access to this remarkable spectacle has, until recently, been made . difficult by the for- bidding barriers of the Great American Desert, which surrounds it on three sides. Now, however, it is crossed by a railroad and is only a three-hour rail ride from Salt Lake City. The salt area is twelve miles wide by thirty miles long, and was formed by wind-driven waves from the Great Salt Lake, which little by little deposited their saline contents over the low levels of the desert. There is not an undulation upon it — not a sign of vegeta- tion. It is just a great level, glittering white expanse. Engineers compute its salt contents to be about 380,000,000 car-loads — enough to salt the nation for some time to come after all other sup- plies are exhausted. The salt is almost pure and has an average depth of twelve feet. From a com- mercial viewpoint its value is almost incalculable and some time it will be a tremendous endowment for the University of Utah, whicli received it from the Government under the terms of the Utah Enabling Act. The wonders of the mirages of the desert are here intensified. Probably no other por- tion of the world can produce sucu 'marvelous imagery as may be seen every summer day under the blistering sun. In the heated air are exaggera- tions of every object upon the surface; the tum- bleweed blown in front the desert, the carcasses of animals that have strayed too far from shore and perished from thirst, are all reflected in the mirrors of the air, and imagination may easily give the presentations forms that range all the way from the domes and turrets of an oriental city, to the commonest object of every-day life. .\nd the sea itself is so duplicated around these creations that they seem to be afloat on vast areas of living waters. OTHER LAKES AND RESORTS. I'tah Lake is a fresh water body in Utah County with an aiea of about 125 square miles. It is convenient to the town of Provo and is much used as a pleasure resort and for fishing and shooting. The waters have been stocked by the State witli black-bass, whitefish, and other food fishes, and are drawn upon daily during the open season by ]irofessinnal fishermen for the markets. Hook and lino fishing for bass in this lake is a favorite ai,-.usement and myriads of wild ducks feed about its shores and furnish shooting for a number of gun clubs. 203 VERMONT STATE AND THE 14 COUNTIES OF VERMONT With Their Boundaries Location and Population of VERMONT COLNTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. I'JIO 1 Grand Isle. . 3,761 2 Franklin. .2i).866 3 Orleans. .33,337 4 Essex. . 7,384 5 Chittenden. .42,447 6 Lanioile. .13,585 7 Caledonia. .36,031 8... Washington. .41,702 9 Addison. .20,010 10 Orange. .18,703 11 Rutland. .48,139 12 Windsor. .33,681 13... Bennington. .31,378 14 Windham. .26,932 Total 355,956 CITIES AND VILLAGES OF VERMONT WITH 1910 POPULA- TIONS A Addison 9. Albany 3. Alburg 1. Alburg Center. ..1. Alburg Junction. 1. Alburg Springs. .1. Andover 13. Arlington 13. Ascutneyville ..12. B Bakersfield ... .2. Barnard 12. Barnet 7. Barre 8. Barton 3. Bartonsville . ..14. Beebe Plain 3. Beecher Falls. ..4. Bellows Falls. .14. *Bennington . .13. Benson 11. Berlin 8. Bethel 12. Bloomfield 4. Bolton 5. Bondville 13. Bradford 10. Braintree 10. Brandon 11 . Brattleboro . . .14. Bridgewater ...12. Bridgewater Corners 12. Bridport 9. Brighton 4. Bristol 9. Brookfield 10. Brownsville ...12. ♦Burlington ... .5. C Cabot 8. Calais 8. Cambridge 6. Canaan 4. Castleton 11. Cavendish ....13. Center Ruthland ...11. Centervale 7. Charlotte 5. *Chelsea 10. Chester 12. Chester Depot. 13. . , 856 . . 538 ,.1,109 . . 375 , . . 200 , . . 502 , . . 250 . . 466 . . 330 .1,158 . . . .630 . . 550 10,734 .1,330 . . 226 . . 226 . . 502 .4,883 .6,311 . . 836 ..510 .2,506 . . 564 .. 375 .. 462 . . 631 . . 476 .1,608 .6,517 . . 436 . . 350 .. 945 . . 536 .1,180 . . 536 . . 513 30,468 .. 227 .. 200 . . 595 . . 208 .1,135 . . 652 . . 520 . . 366 .1,102 .1,070 . . 666 . . 736 VERMONT CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POrUL.\TIONS Towns Lora. Pop. Chittenden . Clarendon Springs . . Colchester . . Concord . . . . Conicut .... Corinth .... Cornwall . . . Coventry . . . Craftsbury . Cuttingsville I Danby ..11. . .11. , . ..5. ....4., ..10. . .10., ...9., ...3., ...3., .11.. . .11.. 426 , 215 , 330 , 339 , 335 414 846 363 200 490 890 Towns Loca. Pop. Danville 7. Derby 3. Derby Line 3. Dorset 13. Duxbury 8. E East Alburg....!. East Arlington. 13. East Barnard.. 12. East Barnet. . . .7. East Barre 8. East Berkshire.. 2. East Bethel. . ..12. 828 316 390 690 478 236 630 240 263 966 936 211 Towns Loca. Pop. East Braintree. 10. East Burke 7. East Calais 8. East Charleston .3. East Clarendonll. East Corinth. . .10. East Dorset. . ..13. East Dover. . . .14. East Dummerston ..14. East Fairfield. . .2. East Hard wick.. 7. East Highgate..2. . . 330 . . 434 . . 690 . . 406 , . 250 , . 414 . . 690 . . 220 . . 275 .1,096 . . 466 . . 380 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 204 J Cities and Villages of Vermont with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. East Johnson... 6. East Middlebury ...9. East Montpelier . . .8. East Peacham..7. East Poultnev.ll. East Randolph.lO. East Roxbury...8. East Rupert . . . 13. East Ryegate. . .1 . East Wallingford .11. Eden 6. Eden Mills 6. Elmore 6. Enosburg Falls. 3. Essex 5. Essex Junction.. 5. F Fairfax 2. Fairfield 2. Fair Haven. . . .11. Fairlee 10. Fayston 8. Felchville 12. Ferrisburg 9. Forest Dale. . . .11. Fowler 11. Franklin 3. . 3G6 626 230 326 228 300 326 266 . . 426 . . 590 . . 530 .1,153 . . 203 .1,345 .1,338 . . 730 .2,544 . . 388 . . 4!!0 . . 460 .1,619 . . 251 . . 260 . . 920 Towns Loca. Pop. G Gaysville 12. Georgia 2. , Glen 11.. Glover 3.. Goshen 9. , Grafton 14., Grand Isle 1. . Graniteville . . . .8. , Granville 9. , Green River. . ..14. . Greensboro 3. . Greensboro BendS. , Groton 7. . Guilford 14.. H Halifax 14. , Hancock 9. . Hardwick 7. . Hartford 13. . Hartland 12. . Heartwellville..l3. . Highgate 2. . Highgate Center2.. Highgate Springs 3. . Hinesburg 5. . Holden 11.. Hortonville . . .11. , Hubbardton ...11.. Huntington . . . .5. . Huntington Center 5. . *Hyde Park 6. . Hydeville 11.. . . 550 . . 680 . . 326 . . 791 . . 286 . . 794 . . 666 . . 432 . . 544 . . 560 , . 290 . . 306 .1,090 . . 320 , . 363 . . 253 .3,094 . . 560 .1,040 . . 226 . . 650 . . 650 . . 360 . . 242 . . 331 . . 340 . . 248 . . 328 In wood 7. . Ira 11.. Irasburg 3. , Island Pond. . . .4. Isle La Motte. . .1. , J Jacksonville ..14., Jamaica 14. , Jeffersonville ...6., Jericho 5. . Jericho Center. .5. . Johnson 6. , Jonesville 5., 320 450 . . 263 . . 335 . . 300 .1,573 . . 690 . . 212 . . 696 . . 650 .1.013 . . 336 . . 051 .. 330 Londonderry ..14. Lowell 3. Lower Cabot.... 8. Ludlow 12. Lunenburg 4. Luner.liurg Station 4. Lyndon 7 . Lyndon Center.. 7. Lyndonville ... .7. 31 . . 463] . . 202 . . 350 .l,62ll . . 290 . . 426 . . 956 . . 359 .1.573 Leicester 9. Lincoln 9. . . 509 .1,152 Mclndoe Falls ..7. .. 406 ♦Manchester . .13. .. 478 Manchester Center .... .13. .. 702 Manchester Depot .13. .. 755 Marlboro .... .14, .. 468 Marshfield . . . ..8. .1.026 Mechanicsville .11. .. 620 Mendon .11. .. 392 *Middlebury . ..9. .1,866 Middlelown Springs .... .11. .. 746 Milton ..5. .. 634 Monkton . .9. .. 912 Montgomery . ..3. .. 950 Montgomery . .2. . . 990 Montpelier (capital; . . . . .8. .7,856 Moretown .... . .8. .. 902 Morristown . . . ..«. .. 290 Morrisville . . . . .6. .1,445 Mount Holly. . .11. .. 320 Towns Loca. Pup. N Newark Newbury 10. Newbury Center 10. New Haven 9. New Haven Mills 9. ♦Newport 3. North Bennington ..13. Northboro 10. North Clarendon . . .11. North Craftsbury . . .3. North Danville. .7. North Duxbury..8. North Ferrisburg9. Northfleld 8. Northfleld Falls.8. *North Hero....l. North Hyde Park 6. North Montpelier ...8. North Pownal. .13. North Shrewsbury .11. North Springfield ..12. North Thetford.lO. North Troy 3. North Tunbridge . . .10. North Williston 5. Norwich 13. I O Orange 10. Orleans 3. Orwell 9. . . 563 ..720! . . 490 .1,107] I . . 339 .3,548^ . . 663 . . 390 I . . 350 . . 300 . . 226 . . 226 . . 201; .1,508, . . 306 . . 790 530 , . 461 , . 826 . . 4.32 . . 336 , . 771 Panton 9.. Passumpsic . . . .7. , Pawlet 11. . Peacham 7. . . . 596 . . 676 .1,103 . . 530 .1,131 .1,150 . . 409 . . 250 . . 831 . . 390 Perkinsville . ..12. Peru 13. Pittsfield 11. Pittsford 11. Pittsford Mills. 11. Plainfield 8. Plymouth 12. Plymouth Union 13. Post Mills. ..-. .10. Poultney 11. Pownal 13. Proctor 11. Proctorsville . .12. Putney 14. Q Quechee 13. R Randolph .... .10. Randolph Center 10. Readsboro 13. Richford 3. Richmond 5. Richville 9. Ripton 9. Rochester 13. Roxbury 8. Royalton 13. Rupert 13. ♦Rutland 11. Ryegate Station. 7. S *Saint Albans. ..3. *Saint Johnsbury . . .7. Saint Johns- bury Center. ..7. Salisbury 9. Sandgate 13. Saxtons River. .14. Sharon 13. Sheffield 7. Shelburn 5. Sheldon 3. Sherburne ... .11. Shoreham 9. South Barre 8. South Cabot.... 8. South Dorset. ..13. South Hero 1. South Lincoln... 9. South LondiOnderry .14. South Lunenburg4. South Newbury. 10. South Peacham. 7. South Pomfret.l2. South Royalton. 13. South Ryegate.. 7. South Shaftsbury . .13. South Starksboro . . .9. South Stafford. 10. South Wallingford .11. Springfield . . ..13. Stamford 13. , Stannard 7. , Starksboro 9. , Stockbridge . ..13. , Stowe 6. , Strafford 10., Stratton 14.. Sudbury 11.. Sunderland . . ..13. , Sutton 7., Swanton 3. , T Taftsville 12. , Talcott 5. , Thetford CenterlO. , Tinmouth 11. . . . 603 . . 373 .. 435 .1,290 . . 409 . . 341 .. 300 .. 346 . . 350 .3,706 .1,036 .3,013 .. 706 .. 894 . . 306 .3,466 .. 300 .. 864 .1,922 . . 857 . . 236 . . 525 . 1,350 . . 512 .. 327 . . 400 .1,390 .. 220 .6,339 .6,510 .. 303 .. 693 . . 482 .1.409 .. 709 . . 724 .1,202 .1,062 . . 302 .1,203 . . 309 . . 250 . . 226 .1,106 . . 201 . . 561 . . 490 . . 325 . . 200 . . 577 . 1,130 . . 650 .1,736 . . 803 . . 590 . . 220 .3,040 . . 677 . . 322 . . 902 . . 272 .1.809 . . 520 . . 271 . . 474 . . 518 . . 694 .3,495 . . 336 . . 2.50 Lorn. Pop. Topsham 10. Townshcnd . . ..14. Tunbridge 10. U Underbill 5. Underbill Centers. U Vergennes 9. Vershire 10. W Waitsfield 8. Waits River... 10. Walden 7. Wallingford ..11. Watham 9. Wardsboro . . ..14. Warren 8. Washington . ..10. Waterbury 8. Waterbury Center 8. Waterford 7. Waterville 6. Wells • 11. AVells River 10. West Barnet. . ..7. West Berkshire. 2. West Berlin 8. AA'est Bolton. . . .5. West Brattleboro .14. West Bridgewater .12. West BrookfieldlO. West Burke 7. West Charleston ...3. West Danville. ..7. West Derby 3. West Dover... .14. West Dumnaerston .14. West Fairlee. ..10. Westford 5. West Georgia. . .2. West Glover.... 3. West Halifax.. 14. West Hartfordl2. West Haven. . .11. Westminster . .14. Westminster Station 14. Westminster West 14. Weston 12. West Pawlet. . .11 . West Rupert. . .13. West Rutland. .11. West Salisbury. .9. West Topsham.lO. West Wardsboro ..14. Weybridge 9. Wheelock 7. White River Junction . . . .13. Whiting 9. Whitingham ..14. Wilder 12. Williamstown .10. Williamsville .14. Williston 5. Williston Station 5. Wilmington ...14. Windham 14. Windsor 13. Winooski 5. Wolcott 6. Woodbury 8. Woodford 13. ♦Woodstock ...12. Worcester 8. 417 730 363 840 326 .1,753 ,..541 .. 760 , . . 300 . . 364 .1,103 . . 264 . . 330 . . 726 . . 795 .2,310 536 505 529 606 865 302 376 511 310 560 390 390 636 . . 625 . . 426 .1,109 , . 320 , . 350 , . 539 , . 863 . . 350 , . 300 . 430 . 466 . 855 , . 845 . 200 . 250 . 756 . 936 . 306 2,914 . 336 . 562 237 518 467 .2,309 . . 3(il . . 302 . . 302 .1.610 . . 420 . . 250 . . 676 .1,331 . . 236 .1.6.56 .4.520 . . 990 . . 762 . . 279 .2,066 . . 636 CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE Altitude — Highest, Mt. Mansfield In La Moile county, 4. 43*' feet. Climate — Healthful, winters long, snows deep con- siderably and sometimes the mercury goes below zero. The average annual temperature is 45 degrees above zero; average annual temperature in January is 19 above: July 71. Extremes: warmest, 97; cold- est. 2.") below: yearly rainfall 28.8 inches. Dimensions — Length from north to south, 155 miles: width 3.j to 85 miles from east to west. Area 90 square miles. Over 100 miles of frontage on Lake Champlain. The state is noted for its scenery and many summer resorts, being in general descrip- tion very much like New Hampshire. Histor.v — Visited by Champlain in 1009 and be- tween 1005 and 1691. The French erected forts on Lake Champlain. Immigrants from Massachusetts erected Fort Dummer near site of Brattleboro, 1724. "Green Mountain Boys" under Ethan Allen were prominent In the war of the revolution. First state constitution adopted 1777; last constitution adopted 1S70. 205 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises VERMONT A Pictui'esque Regrion of Charming Resorts, Running Brooks, Fine Apple Orchards, Maple Sugar Grove=i, Large Woodpiles, Sliating and Good Sleighing. In Home Comforts Like Its Sister State of New Hampshire. For Winter Comforts Nearly the Same Description May Be Aiiplied. For several generations the trend of emigration has been westward. No matter how savage the In- dians, how filled the country might be with tliieves and cut-throats, how filled the soil miglit be with alkali, how dry the climate or sandy the desert — "To the West, to the West" has been steadily the cry, until the young men of many a prosperous town in the East have been induced to leave good homes where it would have been much to their advantage had they remained. In a certain sense this has been all right. Begin- ning in a bleak New England region, where land had to be cleared of timber, stones to be picked and roads to be opened after snow storms, it was natural that enterprising youth should seek another clime in which to get a living. And so the multitude has pressed to the westward and taken along the sturdy New England boys. That is all well. It was necessary that the West should be settled. It has been and it is. Now conies a period for reflection. Conditions have changed. That old Vermont farm that used to seem so far back has seemingly been moved right to the front. The daily paper, with all the news of the world, is brought to the farm every day. The telephone that reaches out to the nearby village store, permits a conversation with all the neighbors for miles around and all the old acquaintances in Bo.ston, New York, and other metropolitan cities. That road that used to seem so long has been shortened by the recently introduced automobile, and the multitude of people from the city who come out so quickly, and so easily, fill the old house with gaiety that the old times knew nothing about. DID NOT KNOW ITS BEAUTIES IN OIR YOUTH How delightful is the old farm today! That winding, rapid running brook — just a few rods away — it used to be a river when we were on the old farm, full of speckled trout as it is today. And those brooks that come jumping down the hillside with some of their sparkling water running into the kitchen — all day and all night — clear, bright, fresh water and no water tax to pay, and no notice from the health authorities advising that we boil the water to destroy the germs. mant: ways of siaking money Sit down upon the broad porch here and con- template. There is a maple sugar orchard on the place that will give an excellent revenue annually from real genuine "Vermont maple sugar." There is a bee house where the bees go out, come in and deposit the sweets which they gather far up the mountain side. They want only enough of their honey to carry them through to another year. They will give the balance away and will be glad if we get a goodly sum for the honey we sell. , , There is a strawberry field adjoining the kitchen garden, from which the children of the nearby town pick for us many dollars' worth of berries each season. There is an apple orchard that gives us a good many barrels of apples every year. And so after we have taken the product of our poultry yard, and the income from city people who tented on our grounds and boarded with us, through the summer, we find, putting our sources of revenue all together, that we are some hundreds of dollars ahead. When winter comes, and the great pile of wood waits for us, at the end of the house under cover, a wood pile gathered from the hillside, after we had sold many cords of wood from the timber lot— we say, when winter conies, with barrels of apples in the cellar, the flour barrel full, bushels of hickory nuts and butter nuts gathered from our own fields, the sweetest of butter and cream from our own cows, the freshest of eggs, the mealiest of potatoes raised on our own grounds, with maple sugar, honey, pancakes from buckwheat, raised on our land. — we repeat, when winter comes, with plenty of money made in the past summer permitting us to go to some warm climate during the cold weather if we choose, we simply decide that we can get more pleasure in our cozy home, by the warm fire, eating apples, drinking cider, cracking hickory nuts, sugaring off our maple sugar, just attending to poultry, cattle, getting in wood and sitting by the wai'm winter fire, reading the magazines, papers and the latest books — we decide we repeat, that all this will afford us more real enjoyment than to go anywhere away in the winter. EXCELLENT VERMONT SCHOOLS And as the years go so pleasantly by and our children are so well educated in the excellent Ver- mont schools, and we get support and a competency from our little farm, we rejoice that it was our fortune to find a property so low in cost and that we got located where we are amid the fresh water brooks and the picturesque scenery of Vermont. Productions — 1005 — Agricultural: oats, 3,094,924 bushels; corn, 2,020,859 bushels; wheat, 27,467 bushels. Manufactures — capital emploved, $62,6.">S,- 741. Wage earners, 33,106. Wages paid, $15,221,059. Value of productions, $63,083,011. Minerals — stone, $6,093,765; slate, $1,352,541; lime, $188,921. State Public Institutions — Location of — .\sylum for the Insane, Waterbury; Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Bennington; House of Correction, Rutland; State Prison, Windsor; University, Burlington; Industrial School, Vergennes; Agricultural College, Burlington; Normal Schools, Johnson, Castleton and Randolph: Brattleboro Retreat, Brattleboro; State Improvement Association, Vergennes. ETHAN ALLEN. A prominent Vermont man during the revolu- tionary period in the United States was Ethan Allen, born in Connecticut in 1739, who died in Burlington, Vt, Feb. 13, 1789. His biographer, in the American Cyclopedia, says: About 1763 he settled, with four younger brothers, in the township of Bennington, Vt. Previous to the revolution there existed a dispute between the col- onies of New York and New Hampshire, relative to their boundaries, and the debatable land included the whole of the present state of Vermont, then called the New Hampshire grants. Ethan Allen first became conspicuous in the con- troversy which grew out of the attempt to enforce a New York law. Actions of ejectment being- brought against those who held land under grants from New Hampshire, Allen was selected, in 1770, as agent to represent the settlers, in the litigation at Albany. The decision was adverse to them and they resolved to resist. They adopted Allen's own phrase, "The gods of the valleys are not the gods of the hills." The New York authorities wei'e everywhere set at defiance. Allen was made colonel of an armed force which not only protected the New Hampshire grantees, but removed the New York settlers. Governor Tryon, of New York, proclaimed a reward of $150 for Allen's arrest. This state of affairs remained unaltered till the revolution. New York maintaining her hostile atti- tude, and the Vermonters the possession of their farms. In 1775, when war with the mother country had become inevitable, the occupation of Ticon- deroga was determined on, and the task was con- fided to Allen, who set out at once at the head of his "Green Mountain Boys," reaching Caselton May 7, 1775. A party was also detached, under Captain Herrick, toward Skenesborough, and another, under Captain Douglass, to Panton in the vicinity of Crown Point. On the morning of May 10 Allen, who had pre- Viouslv been joined by Arnold, surprised Ticon- deroHja, summoning Captain Delaplace, who com- manded the post, to surrender in the name of "the great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." By this coup de main, 2 officers, 48 rank and file, 120 pieces of artillery, and a large quantity of small arms were captured, and the command of the Green Mountains was wrested from the English. Only 80 Americans were present at the capture. The other 206 Vermont Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises enterprises were equally successful, Skenesborough and Crown Point being also captured. A dispute ensued between Arnold and Allen rela- tive to the command, which the latter maintained until he was /'elieved by the arrival of the Con- necticut regiment, commanded by Colonel Hinman, to whom he delivered his conquests. Allen imme- diately proposed to the authorities of New York an invasion of Canada, which was refused, and he then proceeded to Philadelphia, where the Continental Congress officially acknowledged his services. He next joined General Schuyler's army as a vol- unteer, was employed in secret missions to sound the views of the Canadians, and rendered valuable aid in Montgomery's expedition to Canada, but in an unfortunate demonstration against Montreal with a small force of American and Canadian recruits, made on the persuasion of Major Brown, Sept. 2."), 1775, he was captured and sent a prisoner to Eng- land. A few months later he was sent back to America and confined in prison ships and jails at Halifax till May 3, 1778, when he was exchanged. During most of his captivity he was treated as a felon and kept heavily ironed, but for a part of 1776-7 was allowed restricted liberty on parole. Kindly received at Congress and by Washington, he was about to enter the military service again when the old colonial troubles regarding Vermont were revived. Allen was now chosen general, and appointed to command all the militia of that State. In the meantime 16 of the western townships of New Hampshire sought annexation to Vermont sendintr %?,IT'?^ *° \^^' ^^^"l *° the legislature,' ^vho r"^ feiied the matter to the people. The governor of New Hampshire protested against this cSurse. writ- auf horit Continental Congress to interpose its Allen was sent as the agent of Vermont to explain to Congress the course of the state. About this time the English commanders in America began to ■meditate the restoration of loya] authority in Ver- mont, and while the Vermont claim of seif-govern- ment was m abeyance, sought to take advantage of the dispute. A tempting offer was made to Allen through Beverly Robinson, a well-known torv of the time, without any result except that by feigning negotiations Allen was able to preserve the neutral- ity of the English authorities toward the moun- taineers, who were consequently unmolested until nearly the end of the war. Before that time he removed to Bennington, thence to Arlington and subsequently to the vicinity of Oman River, where he resided till his death, serving for some time in the legislature. He was twice married and left a wife and several children. In addition to a history of the contro- versy between Vermont and New York, a narrative of his captivity and various political pamphlets he was the author of a work entitled "Reason the Only Creed of Man" (Svo, Bennington, 1784). in which the Bible and the Christian religion are assailed from a purely deistic standpoint. VERMONT PRODUCTIONS AND RESOURCES. Agricultural Productions. — These include wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, butter, cheese, hops, maple sugar, honey, poultry, apples, strawberries and maple molasses. Birds. — The birds are those of New England gen- erally, besides aquatic fowl which frequent Lake Champlain, Fish. — Lake Champlain yields large quantities and numerous varieties of fish, including muscallonge, lake whiteflsh, salmon trout, pickerel, roach, perch, and other smaller fish, while the brooks and rivers teem with speckled trout. Forest Trees. — There are nearly one hundred spe- cies of trees and large shrubs. The principal forest trees are hemlock, fir and spruce on the mountains, pine, oak, beech, sugar maple, hickory, elm, butternut, basswood and birch on the lower land, and cedar in the swamps. The mountains are generally covered with timber or afford good pasturage. Green Blountains. The northernmost portion of the Appalachian chain, extending from Canada south through Vermont. To this State, over which they are largely spread, they give its name, from the term, nionts verts, mountains green, by which they were known to the early French settlers. The continuation of the range through Massachusetts and Connecticut is also known to geographers as the Green mountains, but by the inhabitants of those states other names are applied to them; as the Hoosac in Massachusetts for that portion lying between the Connecticut and Hoosatonic rivers and constituting the most elevated portion of the State, and the Tetonic mountains for the western part of the range along the New York line. These ranges extend into Vermont near the Southwest corner of the State, and join in a continuous line of hills that pass through the western portion of the State nearly to Montpelier, Miles Miles Lakes. long. wide. Bomoseen Lake, Rutland Co S _ Bristol Lake, Addison Co , 2 1 Caspian Lake, Orleans Co 3 1 Crystal Lake, Orleans Co 2% % Lake Champlain, Western Vt 12.5. .% to 15 L.ake Dunmore, Addison Co .5 1 Lake Memphremagog, Orleans Co 33.... 2 to 4 Seymour Lake. Orleans Co 4 2 Silver Lake, Addison Co % % Willoughby Lake, Orleans Co 6 IVz ■Live Stock. — As a large proportion of the land is better adapted to grazing than to tillage, much at- tention has been given to the raising of live stock, and the horses, cattle, sheep and swine of Vermont are of excellent quality. Manufacturing: Industries* — Agricultural imple- ments, blacksmithing, boots and shoes, carriages and wagons, cars, freight and passenger; cheese, cotton goods, flour and grist-mill products, furniture leather, lumber, machinery, musical instruments' sash, doors and blinds; tin, copper and sheet iron ware, woolen goods. Marbles and Slate. — Vermont is rich in marble and slate. Marble was first quarried at Rutland in 1.S44 and the quarries there now supply about half of the production of Vermont. The marbles obtained are the white statuary, the variegated, mcrttled and blue The white is not inferior to the Italian. Other mar- bles of various colors are obtained in different parts of the staie. Thus the Swanton and Isle La Motte marble, when polished, is a Jet black; Winooski yields a fine sienna, and other grades of pale, red and white colors. Religious Denominations. — Baptist, Christian, Con- gregational, Episcopal, Friends, Methodist. Presby- terian, Roman Catholic, Second Adventist, Spiritual- ist, Unitarian, Universalist, Unknown, Various Unions. Reptiles. — The rattlesnake, black snake, two or three species of adder, and the harmless species of serpents are not infrequent. Wild Animals. — The wild animals are the panther. wild cat. lynx, raccoon, wolf, fox, elk, deer, black bear, rabbits and squirrels of different species. Waterfalls. — The state abounds in beautiful water- falls and picturesque natural curiosities. The most remarkable, besides Bellard's Falls, in the Connect- icut, are the Great Falls on the La Moile. in Milton; the O'Connel's Falls, and the natural bridge, a little below them in Johnson; the great falls on the Clyde in Charleston, where there is a descent of 100 feet in 4(» lods; the numerous falls on the Winooski, with its natural bridge and caverns in Duxbury; the niuK- nifleent fall of 70 feet in the Missis-quoi, at Troy, and the gentler one at Highgate; the falls in tlie Passumpsic at Lyndon; the falls in the Black River at Springfield, and the caves at Dorset and Plym- outh. Many of the streams fiowing west unite to form fine rivers which enter Lake Champlain. Eleven smaller rivers flow into the Connecticut, which drains about one-third of the area of Vermont. Three streams run north to Lake Memphremagog, about one-fifth of which is within the state, and two streams flow south to join the Hudson River. Most of the larger streams flow through widn. '■■■■■>■•>,■ ^ ,]. leys. 207 VIRGINIA STATE AND THE 100 COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA With Their Boundaries rrj. ■.^'^ ^No "''^■^ ,-^.*°4^'X".i4S tl /^-, .-^ ,/' ^/ ©IRTH CAf^OLIff^A LOCATION AND 1910 POPn.ATION OF VIRGrNTA COrNTIES. Loca. County 1. . . . Frederick. 2 Clarke. 3. . . . Loudoun . . 4. . Shenandoah. 5 Page. 6.-. . . . Warren. . 7 Rappahannock. 8 Fouquier. 9. .Prince William. 10 Fairfax. 11... Alexandria. 12. Rockingham. 13 Greene. 14 Madison. 15. . . . Culpepper. 16 Stafford. 17 Highland. 18 Bath. 19 Auguste. 20.... Albemarle. 21 Louisa . 22 Orange. 23. .Spottsyl- vania. 24 Caroline.. 25.. King George. Pop. .12,787 , 7,468 21,167 .20,942 .14,147 8,589 . 8,044 .22,526 .12,026 .20.536 .10,231 .34,903 . 6,937 .10,055 .13,472 , 8,070 . 5,317 . G,538 .32,445 .29,871 .16,578 .13,486 . 9,935 16,596 , 6,378 Loca. County Pop. 26 Westmoreland.. 27. . . . Alleghany. . 29 Amherst. , 30 Nelson., 31. Buckingham., . . Fluvanna. , Cuinberland . , . . Goochland. , . . Powhatan. , . . . Hanover. , 37 Henrico. , 38. King William., 39. .King and Queen. , 40 Essex. , 41 . . . Richmond. , 42. .Northumber- land. , Middlesex. , Lancaster. , Acooumac. , Giles., 47 Craig. . 48.... Botetourt., 49 Bedford., 50.... Campbell. 51... Appomattox, 32 33. 34. 35. 36. 43.. 44.. 45., 46.. 9.313 14.173 18.932 16,821 15,204 8,323 9,195 9,237 6,099 17,200 23,427 8,547 9,576 9,105 7,415 10,777 8,852 9,752 36.650 11,623 4,711 17,727 29,849 23,043 8,904 Loca. County Pop. 52 Prince Edward. 53 Amelia. 54. . Chesterfield. 55. Prince George. 56.. Charles City. 57... . New Kent. 58. . . Gloucester. 59 Mathews. 60. Northampton. 61. ... Buchanan. 62 Tazewell. 63 Bland. 64 Pulaski. 65.. Montgomery. 66 Roanoke. 67. . .. Dickenson. 68 Wise. 69 Lee. 70 Scott. 71 Russell. 72. . Washington. 73 Smyth. 74 Gravson . 75 Wvthe. 76 Carroll. 77 Floyd. ,14,266 . 8,720 ,31,299 . 7.848 . 5,253 . 4,683 .12,477 , 8,922 .16.673 ,12,334 .24,946 , 5,154 ,19,246 ,17,268 .19,623 , 9,199 ,31,163 .23,840 .23,814 ,23,474 ,32.830 ,20,326 , 19,8.56 ,20,372 ,21,116 ,14,093 Loca. County Pop. 78 Patrick. 79 Franklin. 80 Henry. 81. ..Pittsvlvania. 83 Halifax. 83.. Charlotte. 84. Mecklenburg. . Lunenburg. , . . Nottoway. . . Dinwiddle. . . Brunswick. Greenesville. Sussex. Southampton. 92 Surrv. 93. .. James Citv. 94 York. 95. . . . Warwick . 96 Elizabeth City. 97. Isle of Wight. 98.. Nansemond. 99 Norfolk. 100. Princess Anne. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. .17,195 .26,480 .18,459 .30,709 .40.044 .15,785 .28.956 .12,780 .13.462 .15,443 .19,244 .11,890 .13,664 .26,302 . 9,715 . 3.634 . 7,757 . 6,041 .21,225 .14,929 .26,886 .52,774 .11,526 Total 2,061,612 Cities and Villages of Virginia with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. •Abingdon •Accomac . Adamar . . Alberenc . Alexandria Alfredton Almagro AltaVista *Amelia C ♦Amherst ..72. . .45. ..70. .20. ..11. ..62. ..81. . ..50. . . 53 . . .1, 757 713 309 363 329 026 990 526 380 550 row'».s Loca. Pop. Anchor -Appalachia *Appomatox Arlington Ashburn .... Ashland .... Atlantic .... B Ballston .... Barhamsville Barton Heights37. ..68. . .51. ..11. ...3. . .36. ..45. ..11. .57. . . 200 .1,090 . . 222 .1,536 . . 220 .1,324 .. 250 .. 860 . . 250 .1,388 Loca. Pop. Basic City Bealeton ♦Bedford City .19. ..8. .49. Belle Haven... 45. Belspring Bentonville .64. 6. ..99. Berkley *Berryville ... 2. Big Stone Gap. 68. Blacksburg . . .65. Blackstone ...86. .1,632 . . 250 .2,508 . . 296 . . 336 . . 268 .4,988 . . 876 .2,590 . . 875 .1,486 Loca. Pop. Blackwood ... .67 Blairs 55 .63. , .69. . 3. .62. *BIand Blankenship Bluemont . . Boissevain . Bondtown . . . .68. ♦Bowling Green. 24. ♦Boydton 84. Boykins 91. Branchville ...91. 5.^0 250 330 249 200 226 305 433 421 505 239 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 208 Brandy Sta. Brewstei- . . Bridg-etown Bridgewater Bristol Bristow .... Broadcreek Broadway Brookneal Brownsburg Brucetown . . Buchanan . . . *Buckingham Buell Buena Vista . .„„ Buffalo Station. 30 Burkes Garden. 62 EurkeviUe ... .86 .15. .71. .60. .12. .72. . 9. 100. .12. .50. .28. . .1. .48. .31. .99. 28. . . . 201 ...226 ...322 . . . 859 ..6,247 . . . 363 . . . 563 . .. 416 .. 501 . . 325 . . 338 .. 792 . . 462 .. 250 .3,245 .. 326 .. 250 . . 653 .65. .60. 100. .58. .33. .62. Cambria .... Cape Charles Cape Henry. . Cappahosic Cartersville . Cedar Bluff. *Charlotte Court House. 83 •Charlottesville 20 Chase City.... 84 *Chatham . Cherrydale Chester" ... Chilhowie Chincoteague Island ♦Christians- burg Christiansburg Station 65 Churchland . .99 Churchville City Point. Claremont . ♦Clarendon Clarksville . Clayville n. . .11. .54. ..73. ..45. .65. 19. .55. .92. .11. .84. .35. Clifton Forge. !27 Clifton Sta. Clinchfield . Clinchport . *Clintwood Clopton . . . . Clover Clovercreek Cobbs Creek Colburn Collierstown 10. .71. .70. .67. .54. .82. .17. .59. .68. . .28. Colonial Beach. 26 Cornland Coulwood *Courtland . Covesville . ♦Covington Crab Neck., Crewe , Crittenden . , Crockett .... Crozet ♦Culpeper . . ..99. .71. .91. .20. .27. .94. .86. .98. .99. .30. .15. .. 535 .1,948 .. 200 . . . 200 ...262 ... 250 ... 329 . .6,765 ..1,662 ..1,113 . . . 252 . .. 201 . . . 362 ..1,419 ..1,568 . . . 426 . .1,103 . . . 250 , . . 409 . . . 630 . . . 420 . . . 794 . . . 350 ..5,748 . . 204 . . 568 . . 353 .. 342 .. 300 .. 258 .. 328 .. 366 .. 645 .. 426 . . 721 .. 220 . . 275 . . 383 . . 230 .4,234 . . 566 .1,802 . . 830 . . 226 . . 250 .1,795 .16. .52. ,.48. . .87. Elkton 1-. Elliston C5. Elverton ,...'. ^68 *Emporia 89' Esmont 20' Ettricks ..."..! 54 1 F ♦Fairfax 10. Fairwood 74" Falls Church.. 10! Falls Ch Sta. . .11, Falmouth , *Farmville Fentress . , *Fincastle Flake Flat Top Yard.L. Flint Hill 7 ♦Floyd 77.' Ford 87. Fordwick 19' Forestville . . . .4.' Ft. Blackmore.70'. Fort Hunt 10 Fort Myer ll[ Fortress Monroe96. Fosters Falls.. 75. Foxhill 96. Franklin 9ii Franklin City. .45. Franklin Jet... 81. Franktown . . .60. Fredericksburg 23! Fries 74. ♦Front Royal.!. 6 ! . . . 873 . . . 390 . . . 349 ..3,018 . . . 590 . . . 991 ...413 . . . 220 ..1,128 ..1,066 . . 326 .2,971 . . 350 . . 479 .. 200 .. 240 .. 237 .. 379 .. 226 .. 626 .. 226 .. 205 .. 394 .1,060 .1,220 . . 326 . . 720 .3,271 . . 236 . . 436 . . 362 .5,874 .1,775 .1,133 Keller 45 Kempsville . . !ioo! Keokee 09 Keys vi He . . ! ! !83! Kilmarnock ..!44! Konnarock . ! !72! Lacrosse 84 Lamberts Puint99! ♦Lancaster ....44. Laurel 37 Laurel Grove.. 81 ! Lawrenceville 88. ♦Lebanon ♦Leesburg ♦Lexington Lignite . . Lincoln . . Linville . . Lotus .... ♦Lovington Lowmoor ♦Luray Lynchburg Lynhams Lynnhaven .71. 3. . ..28. . ..48. 3. . ..12. ...68. ...30. '.'.'.~5'. . ..50. . . .42. .100. Galax ♦Gate City! Genito Gertie . . Gilmerton G .74. .70. ..35. .99. 99. Glade Spring! !72 .68. .28. .48. .58. . 22 .ioo! Gladeville Glasgow . . , Glen Wilton ♦Gloucester Gordonsville Grace Graham 6i Grahams Forge75 Gray 90 Great Bridge. .99 Greenbackville 45 Greenville ... .19 Gressitt Grimstead Grottoes . '■'Grundy Gwynn . , .39. ...59. ,..13. . .61. ..59. H 59. . .11. D Damascus ... .7, Dandy 94 .71. .81. .94. .13. .99. .43. .95. .92. .34 Dante Danville . . . Dare Daytcn .... Deep Creek Deltaville ♦Denbigh . . Dendron . . . Dover Mines. . .„^. Drakes Branch. 83. DNver 98. Dublin 64! Dungannon . . .70! Dunnsville . . . .40. E Eagle Rock. . . .48. Earnest 94 East Falls r'h'.ll' East Radford.. 65. East Stone Gap68. . Eastview 77 •Eastville .... 60 Eastville Sta.. 60.! Edgars 24.. Edinburg . . . 4 Elba 81! ! ..1,299 . . . 320 . . . 862 .19,020 ...220 ...516 . . . 730 ...762 . . 426 . 1,653 . . 3.50 .. 703 .. 326 . . 3.50 .. 238 .. 290 .. 590 .. 626 .1,026 .2,022 . . .391 .. 263 . . 333 . . 226 . . 326 . . 574 . . 330 ...53. ...96. .. .45. .95. Hallieford Halls Hill ^. Hamilton 3 Hampden Sidney . . ♦Hampton Harborton Harpersville . .„„ Harris Grove.. 94 ♦Harrisonburg 12 ♦Heathsville ..42 Herndon 10 Hicks Wharf. .59 Highland Park. 37 ♦Hillsville ....76 Holland 98 Holstein JIills.73 Honaker 71 Horntown . . . .45, Hot Springs... 18 ♦Houston 82. Howardsville . .2o! Indian Creek . .99. Iron Gate 27! Irvington 44. Islandford ....13. Ivanhoe 75. Ivor 91! . . 755 . . 599 . . 300 .. 250 . . 636 .. 334 .. 806 . . 407 .. 320 .. 228 .. 564 .. 260 .1,917 . . 363 . . 320 . . 326 . . 506 . . 350 . . 326 . . 330 . . 736 . . 264 . . 550 . . 250 , . 496 . . 315 M McGaheysville .12. ♦Madison 14 Madison Hghts.29! ♦Manassas . . « Manchester . ♦Marion .... Marshall ♦Martinsville Maryus ♦Mathews . . Matoaca „.. Max Meadows. 75! Meadowview ..72 Meadowville Menchville . Mendota . . . Messick .... Middlebrook ..54. ..73. ...8. .80. ..58. ..59. ..54, .54. ..95. 94. ... ..19. Middleburg ... .3 Jamesville Java Jetersville ♦Jonesville Kasey . . . . Keezletown K ..60. ..81. . .53. .69. ..49. ...12. . . . 536 ..5,505 . . . 350 . . . 862 ...326 .4,874 . . 200 . . 803 . . 259 .1,817 .. 388 .. 336 .. 590 . . 869 . . 336 . 1,036 . . 516 . . 336 . . 250 . . 636 .1,026 . . 250 . . 663 . . 262 . . 250 . 3.53 . 300 . 383 . 363 . 203 Mliddletow'n Midlothian . Miller School Millwood . . . Mobjack .... ♦Monterey . . ♦MontroEs . . Montvale .... Moorings . . . , Morrison Motonun Mt. Clinton . ! Mt. Crawford Mt. Jackson . Mt. Sydney . . Mulberry Island N Narrows 46. Nassawadox . .60! National Soldiers' Home 96. ♦Newcastle . . . .47. New Market. . . 4. Newpoint 59. Newport 46. Newport News. 95. New River Depot 64. Norfolk 99 North .59. North Emporia. 89. North Tazewell. 63. Norton 68. O Occoquan 9. . Ocean View. . . .99. , Odd 94., Onancock 45. . ♦Orange 22. . Osaka 68. . Osborne 75. . . . . 330 . . . 362 . . . 526 . . . 432 . . . 430 . . . 366 . . . 381 ..3,906 . . . 200 . . . 336 . . . 250 ..1,733 . . . 366 ..1,597 ..3,931 ...318 , . . 280 ! ! ! 200 . . . 390 .1,066 ..1,218 .29,494 .. 266 .. 322 . . . 468 . . . 580 . . . 526 ..1,217 ..9,715 ..2,737 , . . 350 .3,368 . . 200 ..335 . . 661 .. 750 .. 520 .. 226 .. 226 .. 262 .. 526 . . 368 .. 263 . . 363 . . 363 . . 36 . . 40 . . 330 . . 340 . . 436 .. 226 . . 330 . . 56 . . 236 . . 236 .. 3 . 479 . 231 Towns .69. .87. .96. .99. . .!)9. , . 62 . .94. .99. .99. . 9. .35. .68. 100. .99. .64. .45. . 3. 1. .54. .20. ..2. .59. .17. .26. .49. .92. .95. .59. .12. .13. ..4. .19. •95.... 350 . . . 975 . . . 200 ..3,802 . . . 733 . . . 638 . . . 300 . . . 223 .26,205 . . . 562 67,452 . . 562 . . 464 . . 343 .1,866 . . 246 .. 3; . . 220 .1,001 . . 674 . . 362 . . 320 Peers Pennington Gap Petersburg . Phoebus .... Pine Beach.. Pinners Pocahontas . Poquoson . . . Port Norfolk ♦Portsmouth Potomac .... ♦Powhatan . Preacher . . . , ♦Princess Anne Pughs ♦Pulaski .... Pungoteagne , Purcellville . , R Radford .... Ramble Ransons .... Rapidan .... Rawlings . . . Reedville . . . Relee Remington . Renoville . . . Richlands . . Richmond (capital) Ridgeway Riner Riverton .... Riverville Roanoke ♦Rockymount Rosslyn Round Hill... Ruckersville . Rural Retreat. 75 ♦Rustburg . . . .50 • 34 200 . . . 793 .24,127 . .2,394 . . . 330 ..1,566 . .2,452 . . . 638 ..1,226 .33,190 . . . 559 . . . 250 . . . 390 .65 ..83. .31, .15, .88, .42. .11. . 8. 100. .62. .37. .80. .65. . 6. .29. .66. .79. .11. . 3. .13. . . . 302 . . 330 .4,807 . . 431 . . 388 . • .4,203 350 330 300 336 ... 930 ... 330 ...351 ... 230 ...743 137,638 . . . 393 ... 350 . . . 790 . . . 266 .34,874 . . . 967 . . . 563 . . . 379 . . . 202 • .1,066 • . . 321 . 73 . .43. .45. .37. .81. .30. .82. .30. .63. ♦Salem . Saltville , ♦Saluda , Saxis .... >Schoipl Schoolfield Schuyler . Scottsburg Scottsville Seddon „„ Severn 58 Sharps 41 Shenandoah ... 5 Shendun Simplicity Sinai ....... Smithfield . . Snowville . . . Somerton . . . South Boston South Hill . . .13 .. .85. .. .82. . ..97. .. .64. 98. 82. -- 84. South Norfolk. 99. Sperryville . ' Springcreek "Stanardsville Stanloyton .. .Starcave „ 'Staunton . . . .19. Stephens City. 1. Stonega 68. .Strasburg .... ♦Stuart 78' ♦Suffolk 98! ♦.'^urry 9^. ♦Sussex ,59 Swords Creek. .7l! .12. 13. . 5. .75. . 3,849 . 1,628 . . 250 .. 730 . . 3,33 .. 200 . . 399 .. 297 , . 283 .. 247 .. 396 ... 300 ..1,431 . . . 456 . . . 563 ... 562 ..1,278 ...313 . . . 3.50 ..3,516 . . . 735 ..3,026 ...436 . . . 309 . . . 350 .. . 318 . . • 290 .10,604 . . . 483 . . . 250 . . 762 . . 388 .7,008 • . 202 . . 3(!3 . . 230 Painter . . . Palmer . . . Parksley Patterson . ♦Pearisburg Pearlsburg Station . .45. . .44. .45. .46. .46. . . 366 . . 220 . 528 . 348 . 470 . 267 Tampico 94. Tangier 45. , •Tappahan- nock •Tazewell Tazewell Station . . . Temperance- ville Theological Seminary . Timberville . Toano Toms Brook. Toms Creek. Townsend .40. . 63 . .45. ..10., . .13. ..93., .. 4. . . . 68 . . .60. . . 563 1,405 . 478 1,230 . 330 . 230 . 236 . 240 1,306 . 463 sj 209 Cities and Villages of Virginia with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Trout Dale. Troutville U University . Upperville . , Urbanna . . . . Vesuvius Victoria Vienna Vinton .77. .48. .20, .. 8. .43. .28. .85. .10. .66. . . 431 . . 326 .1,026 . . 296 .. 475 . . 230 . . 683 . . 578 .1,928 Tijicna Loch. Virgilina 82. Virginia Beach 100. Virginia City.. 68. W Wachapreague 45. Wakefield 90. Wallace 72. *Warm Sprlngs.18. *Warrenton ... 8. * Warsaw . . .41. I'op. 270 320 350 . . 485 . . 570 . . 250 . . 590 .1,427 . . 230 Tow lis Loca. Fop. * Washington Waterford . . Waterloo . . . Waverly .... Waynesboro . West Norfollt West Point.. Whaleyville . Whealton White Post.. White Stone. Whitmell . . . . 7. . 3. .15. . 90 . .19. . 99 . .38. .98. .44. .'.4I'. .81. . . 235 . . 331 . . 250 .1,064 .1,389 .1,200 .1,397 . . 409 . . 206 . . 336 . . 350 . . 226 Loca. Pop. *WiUiamsburg 93. Willis Wharf. .60. , * Winchester Windsor . . . Winterpock . 1. .97. .54. "Wise 68. "Woodstock *Wytheville .62. .97. .2,714 . . 200 .5,864 . . 328 . . 733 . . 538 .1,314 .3,054 . . 240 VIRGINIA Native Soil of Seven Presidents of the United Stat es — First Public Scliool — ^Begrinning of Silli Culture in America. In history, birthplace of distinguished men and Bcenes of important achievement Virginia has been prominent in the events of civilization for over 300 years. To assemble a number of people together, to go away into unknown America, found a settlement, maintain existence, obtain a support from the soil and finally grow into a prosperous colony has been the ambition of tens of thousands of people in the Old Country since the days of Columbus. It was not surprising, therefore, when Captain Gosnold, an Eng- lishman, who had visited America, told Captain John Smith of the possibilities of this new land, that Smith should have been enthused with the idea of getting together a company of people for the pur- pose of exploring the New World and founding a colony in a region where the leaders of the expedi- tion could be in supreme command. FIRST VIRGINIA COLONY. With tfiat purpose in view an exprdition, compris- ing 105 men, in three vessels, under command of Captain Newport, set sail from England Dec. 19, 1606, and arrived at a promontory of land in the James River, Maryland, debarked there, and began the building of the town 3Iay 13, 1607. The site chosen was on a point of land projecting from the north bank of James River about 15 miles from its mouth. The encroachments of the river, Bince then, have converted the promontory into an island, and a portion of the site of the settlement lias been entirely swept away. RELICS OF THE FIRST SETTLEMENT YET RE- MAINING. A part of the old tower of a church, believed to have been built by the colonists in 1619, and some of the tombstones are the only relics of the town left in 1907. Besides these on the island there has been a private residence. An exposition was held in 1907, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the founding of this first settlement, and the rebuild- ing and restoration of the old Episcopal church has been made as near as may be. so that the tourist may find additional attraction in visiting the various points of interest hereabouts, which include Fortress Monroe, Wiliamsburg, Yorktown, Norfolk, Hampton Roads, the Chesapeake Bay, up to Annapolis and Baltimore, and the Potomac River, up to Washington. NARROW ESCAPE FOR JOHN SMITH. All Virginia is historic groimd. At Jamestown, July 30, 1619, was held the first colonial assembly ever convened in America. Twelve years had gone by, since the first settlement, and many events had transpired in that time. On one occasion, the story goes, John Smith, a leader prominent among the whites, had been captured by the Indians, his head laid upon a stone, and as the savages were brandish- ing their clubs, preparatory to dashing out his brains, Pocahontas, a twelve-year-old daughter of the Indian chief, Powhatan, threw herself upon the captain's body, and her intercession, with her father, saved his life. When Smith returned to Jamestown he sent her presents, and thenceforth she visited Jamestown as frequently as she did her father's habitation. Later, an acquaintance sprung up between her and an Eng- lishman, named Rolfe, and the consent of her father and Sir Thomas Dale, the governor of the colony, having been obtained, they were married at James- town, April, 1613. A peace of many years' duration between the English and the Indians was the result of this union. POCAHONTAS BAPTIZED. Before her marriage she was baptized, receiving the name of Rebecca. In 1616, with her husband, she accompanied Dale to England, where she was an object of great interest to all classes of people and was presented at court. When Smith visited her in London, after saluting him she was so unnerved, she turned away her face and hid it in her hands, and remained in this position for two or three hours. She had been taught to believe that he was dead and there is no doubt that her husband was a party to the deception, he probably thinking she would never marry bini while Smith was living. DEATH OF POCAHONTAS. Pocahontas prepared to leave England with re- gret, but she suddenly died as she was on the point of embarking. She left one son, Thomas Rolfe, who was educated by his uncle, a London merchant, and in after life went to Virginia, where he became a person of note and influence. The Boiling, Randolph, Fleming, and other families in that state are his descendants. Eventful liistory followed with the colonists. Puritans from England had arrived, were enjoying religious freedom, and. on the whole, the colony was prospering, when orders were received and laws were passed, in 1043, compelling conformity with the church of England, followed by fine and imprison- ment with those who would not accept. _ This caused an emigration from the colony by tlie independents, who went to Maryland and New England. FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL IN THE COLONY. In 1643 a public school was opened. Silk culture was undertaken ; trade became brisk with England, Holland and New England, and in 1649 the colony was increased by the arrival of 300 royalist fugitivi s. Then followed controversies with England, but, not- withstanding political contentions and Indian mas- sacres, in 1671 the population was claimed to be 40,000 with 2,000 black slaves. The years passed on. The colonies grew in popu- lation and dissatisfaction with the oppressions im- posed by the mother country. Patrick Henry was reared in Virginia, George Washington was from this state, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Harrison, Tyler and Taylor, seven presi- dents, all of them natives of the State and several of them residents — all came from Virginia. The revolutionary war history is full of names closely identified with gaining the independence of America, clear down to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. VIRGINIA MADE THE THEATER OF WAR. Then came the Civil war, when, unfortimately, there was so much pioslavery sentiment in the state as to carry for secession. Through this Virginia became the theater of many battles and the losses to the people were enormous, the desolated proper- ties being yet seen on many a side. All of our older readers will recognize the familiar words "Rich- mond," "Aquia Creek," "Bull Run," "Antietam," "Winchester," "Cedar Run," "Shenandoah Valley," "Culpepner Court House," "Gettysburg," "Battles of the Wilderness," "Siege of Petersburg." "Lee," "Sheridan," "Grant" and a host of other great gen- erals and brave men, both on the Union and Confed- erate side, who left their dead on many a battlefield in this state, clear on down through that terrific struggle to the final surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. 210 Virginia Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises And so through all the 300 years of history, from the founding- of the first settlement in the United States at Jamestown, down to the Jamestown Ex- position in 1007, the state has been celebrated for great names and great events which have molded the destinies of the nation. A STATE OF GREAT NATUBAL ADVANTAGES Virginia is remarl^able for its many natural advan- tages to people who seek the State to get support. The Civil war so greatly impoverished many estates as to cause their lands to be abandoned to dwarf pines and cedars. The soil on those plantations can fortunately be renovated by the free use of gypsum and marl which, in great abundance, is found in the State. There are a variety of elevations, soils and cli- mates, here. The eastern part of the state, border- ing on the Atlantic ocean and Chesapeake Bay, is known as the tidewater region, with no elevations over 100 feet above sea level. Curiously, while the mountain ranges extend across the state, from north- east to southwest, the principal rivers flow from the northwest to the southeast. Be.vond the tidewater region comes a range which follows across the state having an elevation of about 400 feet. Westward come the foothills of the Blue Ridge, the Blue Ridge Mountains and the great valleys between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghenies, giving variety of soil, climate, and picturesque scenery. CHARACTER OF THE SOILS. The soil of the tidewater region is a light sandy loam, capable of yielding large crops of fruits and esculent vegetables, but it has been so greatly worn out by superficial cultivation, without manure, that many estates, formerly among the finest in the state, have been greatly lowered in worth and value. It is to these once fertile lands and grand old Virginia lionies that the attention of land seekers should be directed. The broad verandas are there on those old colonial homes, the towering columns, the great front doors, the broad, long halls, the massive stair- ways and imposing newel posts at the foot of the landing, are yet there, in their regal grandeur, as they were generations ago, when blacks did all the work here, and the aristoeratic old owner of the estate was rich in lands and slaves. It takes but a few hours' ride from Washington to go down into the interior of Virginia and find there fine old ancestral homes that can be bought for a small fraction of what the buildings would cost that are now on the premises. EASY TO INVESTIGATE THE OLD PROPERTIES. It can readily be seen how the individual of enterprise and taste will bring back the landscape grounds to their former beauty, the phosphates and marls so abundant in the State spread over the land bringing back its fertility. The property bought so cheaply now in a few years will yield handsome returns in fruits and grains and the property will regain its former value. A brief study of a recent railroad map will show that, aside from a good soil, the means of transpor- tation by rail, and especially b.v water, to the great markets" of the Atlantic Coast are such as to permit the quick sale of every agricultural and horticultural production at a good price. SUPERIOR TRANSPORTATION rACILITIES. It is seldom that a state is so abundantly blessed with navigable interior waterways and it is rare that -a state has within itself so many resources by which its inhabitants may get support. Thus profitable employment may be fotmd here in oyster cultivation on the Chesapeake, fisheries on the coast, lumber in the interior, coal and iron mines, entertainment of guests at summer resorts, sale of mineral waters, production of clay products, lime, salt, gypsum, marl, pottery, paints and other industries. CONDENSED IMPORT.IlNT F.ACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Highest, Balsam Mountain, in Grayson Co., .->.700 feet. Climate. ^ — In mountainous sections short, severe winters, long, delightfully cool summers. In tide- water regions, mild winters and less healthful sum- mers. Average annual temperature from 60 and f.4 in the southeast and 48 and 52 in the mountainous regions. Summers hot in the east and southeast and in the vicinity of swampy lands billions of typhoid fever germs prevail. The region lying on or near Hampton Roads is, however, healthful and agreeable at all seasons of the year. At Norfolk the avera.ge January temperature is 40 above zero, and July is 7!). The extremis are. warm- est 102 above, and coldest 2 above, with yearly rain- fall of 52.1 inches. At LynchDurg, Campbell Co., the average January temperature is 36 abo\e, July 78; warmest 102, cold- est below, and yearly rainfall of 42.8 inches. Collection of Debt. — Open accounts outlaw in 2 years, promissory notes in ."> years, judgments 20 years. Legal interest is per cent, allowable rate 6 per cent. Limit of jurisdiction, justice of the peace, $100; exempt from forced sale, home and per- sonal property, $2,000. Dimensions. — Extreme length of the state, north and south, 20.5 miles. Extreme width, east and west, 425 miles. Area, 42,450 square miles. History. — Oldest successful English colony; settled by 105 colonists at Jamestown, on James River, in James City Co., in 1607. Slavery introduced 1619. Williamsburg became capital in 1700. Richmond founded 1737; became capital 1779. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Oct. 19, 1781. Seceded April 17, 1861. Surrender of Lee at Appomattox and close of the Civil war, April 8, ISO."). Exposition at Hampton Roads, commemoratory 300th year of set- tlement at Jamestown, 1907. Rockbridge Alum Springs and Rockbridge Baths — In Rockbridge County, Va., near Goshen, there are 5 fountains, brick cottages, a hotel, with fine grounds and beautiful scenery. Chronic dyspepsia, irritation of the stomach, scrofula and. skin diseases are relieved by the waters. Near the springs are the Baths, on the shore of North River, amid pleas- ing scenery. Iron and carbonic-acid gas enter largely into the waters, which are recommended as a tonic. Rawley Springs, Va. — Nestled in the midst of de- lightful scenery, in Rockingham County. 11 miles froin Harrisburg, not far from the Luray Caverns, these 5 fine mineral springs, at an elevation of 2.0(i() feet above tide-water, invite the tourist to a pleas- ant retreat. The waters — strong chalybeate — pos- sess tonic properties which, with tife bracing moun- tain air, invigorates the visitor. Richmond, Va. — Like ancient Rome, the beautiful capital ot Virginia lays claim to seven hills. The city, besides all its natural and architectural advan- tages, possesses numerous objects of especial inter* st to visitors, including the grave of President Monroi-. the famous Libby war-prison, the equestrian statue of Washington by the sculptor Crawford, as well as Houdons statue of Washington in Revolutionary uni- form, the elegant State House, and St. John's Church, where Patrick Henry delivered his memor- able and eloquent speech on the eve of the Revolu- tionary War, in which he said with fervent patriot- ism: "There is no retreat but in submission and slavery!" Old Point Comfort, Va. — This favorite Southern bathing and pleasuie resort is three miles each from Hampton and Fortress Monroe, near the mouth of the James River as it empties into Chesapeake Bay. Near by is the Government Home for Soldiers. Surf- bathing, steamboat excursions, etc., enter largely into the recreations of visitors. Natural Bridge of Virginia, in Rockbridge Co. — The fissure crossed by the luidge (which is a rock, covered with earth) is estimated at a depth of from 205 to 290 feet. This fissure is about 45 feet wide at the bottom and about 90 feet at the top. The length of the bridge is about 90 feet: its breadth, in the middle (or thinnest part) is about 00 feet; and at the summit, about 40 feet thick. .\ portion of this thickness is composed of soil, on which large trees have grown. The view from the top of the bridge is quite extensive and very pleasant, including North Mountain and the Blue Ridge. The stream passing under the bridge is a branch of the James River, called Cedar Creek. 211 WASHINGTON STATE AND THE 39 COUNTIES OF WASHINGTON With Their Boundaries LOCATION AND 1910 POPri,ATIONS OF WASHINGTON COUNTIES Lorn. Count y Pop. 1 . . . . San Juan . . 2 Whatcom.. 3 Skagit.. 4. . . . Okanogan . . 5 Ferry. 6 Stevens. . 7 Pend D'Oreiile 8 Clallam.. 9 Jefferson. . 10 Kitsap. . 603 ,51J 241 887 800 ,297 Loca. County Pop. 11 Island. 12. . . Snohomish. 13 Chelan. 14 Douglas. 15 Grant. 16 Lincoln . 17 Spokane. 18 Chehalis 19 Mason . 20 Thurston. 4 59 15 9 8 17 .139 . .35 . 5 . 17 704 209 104 227 698 539 4(!4 590 156 ,581 Loca. Count y Pop. 21 Pierce. 22 King. 23 Kittatas. 24 Pacific. 25 Lewis . 26 Yakima. 27 Benton. 28 Adams. 29 "Whitman. 30 Franklin. .120 .284 . 18 . 1 . 32 . 41 7, . lO . 33 . 5 812 ,638 561 ,532 ,127 ,709 937 920 ,280 ,159 Loca. Count fi /'<-/'. 31. .Walla Walla. . 32. . . . Columbia. . 33 Garfield.. 34 Asotin. . 35. . Wahkiakum. . 36 Cowlitz.. 37 Clarke.. 38. . . . Skamania. . 39 Klickitat.. 31,931 7,042 4,199 5,831 3.285 12,561 26,115 2,887 10,180 Total 1,141,990 Cities and Villages of Washington with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Aberdeen Acme . . . . Addy . . . Albion . . . Almira . . Anacortes Anatone . Arlington *Asotin . . Auburn . . Avon .... .18. . . .2. ..6. .29. .16. ...3. .34. .12. .34. 13,660 . . 200 .. 396 . . 320 . . 365 .4,168 . . 220 .1,476 .. 820 . . 957 . . 320 Barneston Bayne . . . 250 250 7'';irn.s- L< Pop. Belfast 3. *riellingham ...2. Biglake 3. Black Diamond22. Blaine Bordeaux . . Bossburg . . Bothell .... Bremerton . Brewster . . Bridgeport . Brinnon . . . Brvn Mawr....22. Buckley 21. Bucoda 20. . .2. , .20. ...6. .22. .10. ...4. .14. . .9. , . . 208 24,298 . . 330 . . 561 .3,289 . . 390 . . 247 . . 599 .2.993 . . 296 .. 431 . . 462 . . 220 .1,272 . . 462 Loca. Pop. Burlington Burnett . . , Camano 11 . Camas 37. Carbonado ....21. Carson 38. Cashmere . Castlerock *Cathlamet Catlin . . . . Center . . . . Centerville Centralia . Charleston .13. .36. .35. .36. ...9.. .39.. .25.. .10. . 1,302 . . 262 . . 250 .1,125 . . 850 . . 250 . . 625 . . 998 . . 352 . . 200 . . 350 . . 290 .7,311 .1,062 Pop. * Chehalis 25. Chelan 13., Cheney . 17. , Chesaw Chewelah . Chinook . . Christopher Clarkston . Clayton . . Clearlake . Cle Elum. . *Colfax 29 College Place. ..31. Colton 29. *Colville 6. 4. 6. 24. 22.. 34. ..6. . .3. . 3.. .4,507 . . 682 .1,207 . . 250 . . 823 . . 596 . . 200 .1,257 . . 336 . . 376 .2,749 .2,783 . . 866 . . 393 .1,513 Explanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns: Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is T^ocated: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 212 Cities and Villages of Washington with 1910 Populations Towns Loco. Pop. •ConconuUy . .. .4. Concrete 3. Connell 30. Cosmopolis . . ..18. Coulee City.... 15. *Coupevllle ....11. Creston 16. D Darrlngton ....12. •Davenport ....16. ♦Dayton 32. Deep River. . . .35. Deer Park 17. Des Moines 22. Dixie 31. Dockton 22. Downs 16. Dryad 25. Du Pont 21. E Earlington . . . .32. East Seattle. . .22. Eastsound 1. Eatonville ....21. Edison )S. Edmonds 12. Elberton 29. Electron 21. Elk 17. •Ellensburg . . .23. Elma 18. Eltopia 30. Endicott 29. Enumclaw ....22. *Ophrata 15. ♦Everett 12. Everson 2. . . 357 . . 945 . . 826 .1,132 . . 276 . . 310 . . 308 . . 200 .1,22!) . 2,389 . . 226 . . 875 . . 350 . . 36^ . . 226 . . 226 . . 326 . . 300 336 Loca. Pop. . . . 754 . . . 362 . .1.114 . . . 330 . . . 296 . . . 526 . .4,209 . . 1,532 ...226 . . . 474 . . 526 . . . 323 24,814 , . . 250 Fairfield 17. Fall City 22. Farmington . . .29. Ferndale 2. Fern Hill 21. Fort Flagler. .. .9. Fort Steilacoom21. Foster 22. Frances 24. Franklin 22. Fravel 3. Freeman 17. 'Friday Harbor. 1. G Garfield 29. Getchell 12. Gig Harbor. . . .21. ♦Goldendale . .39. Govan 16. Grandview . . . .26. Granger 2(5. Granite Falls. ..12. Guy 29. . . 308 . . 420 . . 489 . . 691 .1,066 . . 350 .1,106 . . 340 . . 200 . . 647 . . 200 . . 226 . . 432 . . 932 . . 250 . . 262 .1,203 . . 266 . . 320 . . 453 . . 714 . . 323 H Hamilton 3. Harper 10. Harrington . . ..16. Hartline 15. Hillyard 17. Hoquiam 18. . . 405 . . 536 . . 661 . . 237 .3,276 .8.171 Humptulips . . .18. Huntsville 32. . 250 . 225 Ilwaco ...24. .. 664 Inde.x . ..12. .. 417 Inglewood . ...23. .. 200 lone 7. .. 634 Irondale . . . 9. . 1,062 Issaquah . . ...32. . . 628 Johnson 29. Junction City. .18. K *Kalama 36. Kamilche 19. Kangley Junction . . . .22. Kapowsin 21. Kelso 36. Kennewick ....27. Kennydale . . . .22. Kent 22. Kettle Falls 6. Kiona 27. Kirkland 23. La Conner 3. Lacrosse 39. Lake Park 31. Lakeside 13. La Push 8. Latah 17. Leavenworth ..13. Leban 34. Lester 22. Lind 28. Little Falls.... 25. Little Rock. . . .20. Lochsloy 12. Loomis 4. Lopez 1. Lyman 3. Lynden 2. . 200 . 226 . . 816 . . 522 . . 233 . . 350 .2,039 .1,219 . . 590 .1,908 . . 377 . . 33a . . 532 . . 603 . . 350 . . 262 . . 333 . . 231 . . 339 .1.551 . . 420 . . 326 . . 831 . . 631 . . 380 . . 362 . . 536 . . 226 . . 441 .1.418 M Mabton 36. McKenna 31. McMurray 3. Manette 10. Mansfield 14. Maple Falls 3. Marysville . . . .13. Medical Lake. .17. Mevers Falls. .. .6. Miles 16. Milltown 3. Milton 31. Monroe 13. *Montesano ...18. ♦Mount Vernon. .3. Myrtle 8. , . . 666 , . . 363 . . 328 . . 220 . . 266 . . 233 .1,239 .1,730 . . 450 . . 336 . . 262 . . 448 . 1,553 .3,488 .3,381 ... 350 N Napavine 35. Newcastle ... .33. ♦Newport 7. Northbend ....33. Northport 6. ♦North Yakima. 26. . . . 336 . . . 547 , .1,199 , . . 363 , . . 476 14,082 Locii. Pop. O Oakesdale .... Oak Harbor. . Oakville Odessa Okanogan 4 Olympia (capital) Omak Opportunity Oroville . . . Orting .... .29 .11 .18 16 .20., ..4.. .17. ..4. .21. Pacific 23. Palouse 39. Pampa 39. Parkland 31. ♦Pasco 30. Pe Eel 35. Pilchuck 12. Pleasant BeachlO. Point Roberts. . .2. ♦Pomeroy 33. *Port Angeles. .8. Port Blakelv. . .10. Port Gamble. . .10. Port Hadlock...9. Port Ludlow. . . .9. ♦Port Orchard. 10. ♦Port Townsend.9. Potlatch 19. Poulsbo 10. Prescott 31. Preston 33. ♦Prosser 27. Pullman 29. Puyallup 21. Quilcene Quincy . Q R ..9. .15. 882 262 . . 465 . . 885 . . 611 .6,996 . . 366 . . 433 . . 495 . . 863 . . 413 . 1,549 . . 234 . . 588 .2,083 . . 838 . . 250 . . 290 . . 220 .1,605 .2,286 . 1,205 . . 622 . . 266 . . 350 . . 682 .4,181 . . 203 . . 364 . . 502 . . 436 .1,298 .2,602 .4,544 . . 526 . . 264 Ravensdale Raymond . . . . Reardon Redmond . . . . Regents Park. Renton ♦Republic Ridgefield . . . . ♦Ritzville . . . . Riverside . . . . Roche Harbor. I\ockford Rosalia Roslvn Roy Ruston S Saint John . . . . Satsop ♦Seattle Sedro Wooley. Selleck Sequim ♦Shelton Silvana Simpson Skykomish . . . Snohomish . . . .22 463 .24... 2,450 .16 527 .23 300 .21 300 .32. . .2,740 ..5. ..1,000 .37 297 .28. . .1.859 . .4 500 . .1 247 .17 663 .39 767 .33. . .3,126 .31 315 .31 780 .29 421 18 300 .22.337,194 ..3. ..3.129 22 230 .8 250 19. . .1,163 12 362 19 202 22 238 3,244 12. V'./if/i.v I.oat. Poll. Snoqualinie ...23.... 279 Sopenah 35. . . . 430 ♦South Bend. . .34. . .3,023 South Prairie. .21 364 Spanaway 31.... 226 Spangle 17. . . . 326 ♦Spokane 17.104,402 Sprague 16. . .1,110 Springdale 6. . . . 251 Stanwood 12 ... . 544 Slarbuck 32. . . . 701 Startup 12. . . . 250 Steilacoom . . . .31 . . . . 430 Stevenson 38.... 387 Sultan 13. . . . 576 Sumas 3 902 Summit 18 300 Sumnor 31 893 Sunnyside 36... 1,379 T Tacoma 21.. 83,743 Taylor 32 526 Tekoa 39... 1,694 Tenino 30... 1,038 Thomas 32.... 266 Thornton 29 323 Thorp 23 284 Toledo 25. . . . 375 Toppenish 36... 1,598 Touchet 31 2.50 Tukwila 22 361 Tumwater 20 490 Twisp 4. . . . 227 Two Rivers 31 262 Tyler 17 200 U Uniontown ....29 436 V Vanasselt 33. . . . 366 ♦Vancouver .. .37. . .9,333 Vashon 33. . . . 347 Vaughn 31 308 W Waitsburg ... .31. . .1,237 Waldron 1 . . . . 262 ♦Walla Walla. .31. .19,364 Wallula 31. . . . 320 Wapato 26. . . . 462 Washougal . . . .37. . . . 456 Washtucma . . .28. . . . 326 ♦Waterville ...14 950 Waverly 17. . . . 318 ♦Wenatchee . ..13. . .4,050 Westport 18. . . . 262 White Salmon. .39 682 Wilbur 16. . . . 757 Wilkeson 21 .... 899 Wilson Creek. .15. . . . 405 Winlock 25... 1,140 Winona 29 302 Winslow 10. . . . 560 Woodinville ...22.... 350 Woodland 36 384 Y Yacolt 37. . . . 435 Yakima 26. . . . 263 Z Zillnh 26 225 WASHINGTON Is called the "Evergreen State" from its extensive forests of evergreen trees, including the fir, spruce, cedar, pine and hemlock, which cover the mountains and seacoast region, and also from the fact that in the western part the winters are so mild that the grass remains green throughout the year. This great state has an area of 69,994 square miles, of which 3.114 are water, leaving 66,880 square miles of land, or 42.803.200 acres — about as much as Ohio and In- diana combined. It contains a great variety of sur- face, soil and scenery, and has two distinct climatic divisions, separated by the Cascade Mountains. West of these mountains the climate is as mild as that of North Carolina or Tennessee, owing to the infiu- ence of the warm Japan current which strikes its shores. There are nearly 2.600 miles of railway and 1,000 miles of navigable watercourses. A large por- tion of the surface is still covered with primeval forests. Nearly all of the state west of the Cascade Mountains is, by nature, a forest country; the most important and valuable timber being the red, or Douglas, fir. The timber districts, where not mountainous, have, as a rule, a rich soil, which well repaj's the farmer for the labor of clearing the ground. Thus it will be seen that there is a great deal of good farming land in Washington. There are fertile government lands for free homesteads, and railroad lands are sold at low prices and on ten years' credit. The remarkable variety of resources offered by this great state, its peculiarly agreeable and healthful climate, its strikingly beautiful landscapes and snow-capped mountains, noble rivers, great estuaries of the sea. magnificent forests, charming lakes, and fertile prairies combine to make it a region particularly at- tractive to all who seek new homes in the great Northwest. Every settler can find the particular character of country best suited to his tastes, and the climate best adapted for his health and well- being. The transportation facilities are abundant, schools and churches are numerous, the people are intelli- gent and progressive, and property is constantly in- creasing in value. The numerous growing towns in- vite mercantile, manufacturing, and professional en- terprises. 213 Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises WASHINGTON STATE Two Divisions of the State — Each Has Its Tarticular 31erit — Both Described. In describing conditions in the State of Wasliing- ton one cou.ki All a large space relating to Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia and other cities, while description of the varied resources of Washington will show abundant- reason for emigrating to this State. Naturally, with so great a variation in the face of the country, and so wide a ditference in climatic conditions, the reasons for going to one locality will be entirely unlike those which would exist in another region. TWO DISTINCT PARTS OF THE STATE. First, there are two distinct parts of the State, the result of the Cascade Mountains, which extend from north to the south. This divides the State into eastern and Western Washington. The western part comprises all the waterway region that borders the Pacific for a distance, north and south, of 180 miles, in which section of the state, with Puget 8ound. the lakes, bays and rivers, the area covered by water is about 3,000 square miles. From this broad space moisture is ever rising, which floats up to the tall mountains of the Cas- cades, and there on those lofty elevations, perpetu- ally covered with ice and snow, the moisture con- geals, falls there in snow, and leaves very little in the cloud to provide moisture for the landscape which spreads itself over eastern Washington. ROSES BEOOM AT CHRISTMAS. In Western W^ashington, which includes the Puget Sound country, there is really no winter and almost no ice or sno'w. Roses bloom in December and grass is green all the year round. Fifty varieties of flow- ers have been plucked out of doors even at Christ- mas. Winters are warm and moist, summers cool and dry. In eastern Washington the climate is very differ- ent. It is much drier and somewhat colder in win- ter, drv and considerably warmer in summer, but the nights are always comfortably cool. COLORADO CLI3IATE. At manv points in eastern Washington Is found almost the exact climate of Denver, Manitou and the Salt Lake Valley of Utah. In some rections of eastern Washington irrigation is carried on and enormous fruit, grain and pasture crops are raised. TIMBER AND PRAIRIE LAND. Western Washington is a wooded country. Much of the land is covered with a dense growth of the tinest trees known in the world. The mainland bor- dering Puget Sound is made up of mountain spurs, table lands, river valleys and fresh-water and tide- water marshes and deltas. These all, except marsh and delta, are timbered with unbroken forests. The liigher altitudes grow fir, hemlock and spruce. The table lands, fir and spruce, and the valleys, fir, cedar, spruce, Cottonwood, maple and alder. This timber is surpassed in size only by the red- wood forests of California. The valley lands bordering the rivers and creeks are very rich and productive, especially in vegeta- bles fruits and succulent grasses. The forests of these valleys are fast breaking up before the wood- inan's ax and the farmer's plow. The uplands have been invaded but little, but where the forests are felled rich pasturage follows and in many places great veins of coal are found to underlie the surface or strike into the hillside. Marsh lands and deltas in their native state are overgrown with brush. They are easily cleared and reclaimed from overflow by dikes and ditches, when they produce the greatest tonnage of fine hay, the most prolific yield of oats, heavy hops, nice vegetables and fine orchards. Eastern Washin'jton as a whole is the valley of the Columbia River, as most of the surface is drained bv this mighty stream, though there is a considerable extent of wooded and partially wooded country. The great grain fields of the Big Bend District are as level as the prairies of the Middle States. Around Spokane is a varied country com- prising fine prairie land, also an abundance of tim- ber land, especially in the foothills. All tliis land is wonderfully productive. Whatever a man wants in the way of land he can find and the quality of the soil is good almost everywhere. NrJrEROUS GREAT RIVERS. Several great rivers course their way through eastern Washington, their valleys being wide, level plains on which, at various points, irrigation Is Ijeins, and has been, introduced with great success. FRUITS. To properly describe tlie fruit-growing industry of Washl.igton would fill a large book. Different parts of the State vary so mucli in altitude, rainfall, quality of soil, etc., that almost any fruits except the citrus family will thrive and bear bountiful har- vests somewhere. To mention the kinds of fruit that do well is almost to name them all. West of the Cas- cade Mountains and along Puget Sound are grown magnificent specimens of :ipples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, strawberries and all kinds of small fruits and berries. Apples have done won- derfully well on both the uplands and the islands. Frost never injures the fruit or prevents setting. Worm-eaten fruit is almost unknown. ASSISTANCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT. The United States Government is aiding in various irrigation projects. In the meantime private corpo- rations have entered upon the project of supplying irrigation water to residents in certain districts. We quote here from the circulars of one of these irriga- tion companies in eastern Washington, located in the valley of the Yakima River, Yakima County, in order that our readers may k.now prices: THE PRICE OF LAND. The price of land in Yakima County varies ac- cording to its character and location. Cheap lands may be had for grazing. Wheat farms in the sec- tion where irrigation is not necessary may be had for from $5 to $20 per acre. In the irrigated valleys raw lands with perpetual water rights are on the market at from .$30 an acre up to $125. The last named figures are for land near the railroad — the choicest that is left. Generally speaking raw land under the canals can he had for $50 to $75 an acre, and $125 an acre will buy the best producing alfalfa farms in the valley. Many improved farms within 10 or 12 miles of the railroad are available at even less than $C0 per acre. Some land is selling much Itisher than any figures here given, but the high- priced land usually is suitable for suburban resi- dences or has expensive improvements, such as good buildings, bearing orchards or hop yards. Terms of sale are usually made upon a basis of one-third or one-fourth cash and the balance in four or five equal annual payments, with interest on de- ferred payments at six or eight per cent per annum. An annual fee for maintenance of canal and laterals is charged on all the canals. This fee varies from 25 cents to $1.50 per acre. Yakima lands may seem high to farmers who are accustomed to the ruling values in the prairie states, but the price of land must depend upon its fertility and the class of its productions, its proximity to and the excellence of its markets — in short, upon its earning capacity, and judged by these standards, land in the Yakima valley is cheap and not dear. Judging by the history of other irrigated districts, Yakima valley lands will in a few years be worth $300 to $1500 an acre. STOP OFF AND STUDY THE CONDITIONS. In going over to the Puget Sound country by way of the Northern Pacific railroad it will be well to stop at North Yakima, in Yakima County, and see for one's I'tlf the results of irrigation. Before going obtain from the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific their literature relating to Washington. We clip the following from one of the irrigation cir- culars: 214 Washington Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises HOW TO 3IAKE A TEN ACRE TKACT PAY ITS WAY IROM THE START. "Of course I know It pays better to raise fruit than it does to raise hay and corn, but how am I to get along until my trees begin to bear?" This is the first thought that occurs to the man with small capital who is ambitious to increase his income and make his way in the world. He has been told that it takes from four to six years to get any returns from an orchard and the long wait makes it look impossible that he should ever become an orchard- ist. For the information of such men we have pre- pared this schedule, showing just how a man with money enough to make his Hrst payment on his land and to build him a small house can make his land support him from the start and pay for the land as well. This has been done many times right here irr Yakima. — TEN ACRES IN FRUIT INIAKE A MAN INDEPENDENT. Reserve one acre for house, barn and kitchen garden. Plant six acres in apples and peaches, alter- nate rows, seventy of each kind, or 140 trees to the acre, total 840 trees. Plant three acres in pears and peaches, alter- nate rows, 100 of each kind, 200 to the acre, or 600 trees. Around the young trees plant nine acres in pota- toes. The same cultivation required for the pota- toes will cultivate the trees. Plant twenty-five cherry trees along the road and blackberries and raspberries along the fences. First Year's Receipts: 90 tons of potatoes, 10 tons to the acre at $14 per ton $1,260 Less expense of planting young trees. .$180 Less expense of planting potatoes.... 90 270 Net for work on first year $ 990 Second Y'ear Receipts: 90 tons potatoes at $14 $1,260 Get some berries this year also. No new expense, so net for work second year $1,200 Third Y'ear Receipts : Peaches and pears begin to bear, also cherries. 720 boxes peaches from 720 trees, at 50 cents .* $ 360 300 boxes pears from 300 trees at $1 300 45 tons potatoes at $14 630 Blackberries and raspberries 50 Gross third year $1,340 Less 1,020 boxes at 10 cents $ 102 Net for work third year $1,238 Fourtli Y'ear Receipts: 2,880 boxes peaches, 720 trees, at 50 cents. .$1,440 1,200 boxes pears, 300 trees, at $1 1,200 300 boxts apples, 420 trees, at $1.25 375 1,250 pounds cherries at S cents 100 Berries 50 licss 4,3S0 boxes at 10 cents. Extra help .$438- . 500 $3,1G5 93S Net for work $2,227 Fiftli Y'ear Receipts: Peach and pear trees in full bearing. 7,200 boxes peaches, 720 trees, at 50 cents. .$3,600 3.000 boxes pears, 300 trees, at $1 3.000 1,200 boxes apples, 420 trees, at $1.25 1,500 1,500 pounds cherries, at 8 cents 120 Berries 50 $8,270 Less 11,400 boxes at 10 cents $1,140 Extra help 1,000 2. 140 AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE. $6,130 Hops one ton Potatoes ten tons Timothy, first cutting four tons Timothy and clover, second cutting two tons Alfalfa, three cuttings seven tons With from two to six weeks' pasture. Fruits vary according to age and varieties of trees. Apples, 70 trees per acre 500 to 2,000 boxes Pears. 100 trees per acre 200 to 1,000 boxes Peaches, 100 trees per acre 200 to 2, oon boxes Apricots, 120 trees to acre 200 to 2,000 boxes Cherries lOO to 1,000 pounds per tree Orapes from .')i200 to .ss(i(l i,cr acre kernes from $200 to $700 per acre PRICES. Hops, from lOc to 30c per pound Potatoes, from $12 to $25 per ton rimothy $12 to .$14 per ton timothy and clover $>j to .$11 per ton Alfalfa $7 to $9 per ton Fruit varies according to quality and variety. Apples average .$1.25 per box Pears average .$1.00 per box Peaches average 50 cents per box Apricots average 40 cents per box Plums average 3.-, cents per box ( hemes average S cents per pound Strawberries average per crate, $3.00 CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Highest in the state. Mount Rainier In Pierce county, in the Cascade Range, 14,526 feet. Mount Baker, 10,827 feet. Climate. — Generally healthful of western Wash- ington; moist, uniform and heavy winter rainfall. Eastern Waf;hington, hot, dry summers, with gen- erally short cold winters. Average yearly. Dimensions. — Extreme length of state, north to south, 230 miles; width, east to west, 340 miles; area, 09,180 square niiles. Three-fifths of the state included in eastern Washington coast line. Pacific Coast line 180 miles. Puget Sound with its inlets and arms has a shore line of 1,594 miles. Strait of Guan de Fuca, 95 miles long, average width, 11 miles. Rise and fall of the tides, 18 feet. History. — The region discovered by Juan de Fuca, a Greek, 1592. Visited by Spanish navigator, 1775, and three years afterward by Captain Cook. Cap- tain Gray ascended Columbia River, 1702; by Lewis and Clark, 1804-5. Fur traders settled near the mouth of the Columbia, 1811. Catholic mission established at Vancouver, 1838. American settle- ment at Tumwater. 1845. Washington Territory organized and Seattle platted. 1853. Frazcr River gold excitement, 1858. Admitted to the Union, 1889. FRUIT GROWING. Fruit growing is principally carried on in three different sections in western Washington — in the islands of the upper Puget Sound, in Island and San Juan Counties; in the more southerly portion of Puget Sound, embracing the White River and Puy- allup Valleys and King and Pierce Counties, and in parts of Clark County, bordering on the Columbia River. In the Island section cherries, strawberries, black- berries, raspberries, plums, pears and apples attain a size and quality hard to match anywhere, while fruit and vegetables of all sorts reach the market earlier from this district than from any other part of western Washington. In the PuvalUip and White River Valleys all the fruits mentioned above can be grown, but perhaps berry growing is given the greatest prominence. During the last six years the crop of berries has grown from about 300 crates, which then realized only 80 cents a crate, to 20,000 crates in 1!»02. which aveVaged $1.50 a crate. The estimated crop for 1903 was 50.000 crates, and that quantity is expected to be doubled this year. From one acre of raspberries near Puyallup an income of $500 has been realized in a single vear. From two and one-half acres of raspberries in the same locality 1.000 crates wore gathered in 1003. Land which produces results of this kind is not in the market for sale at any price, but unimproved land adapted for this purpose in the neighborhood of Sumner and Puyallup is worth from $100 to $250 an acre. In Clark Countv, on the Columbia River, prune growing is carried on extensively and successfully. There seems to be iust the quality of soil and the amount of rainfall needed to produce the best re- sults with this crop. At present about 100 carloads of prunes are shipped annually. 215 WEST VIRGINIA STATE AND THE 55 COUNTIES OF WEST VIRGINIA With Their Boundaries LOCATION AND 1910 POI'lXATIONS OF WEST VIRGINIA COUNTIES Loca. County Pop. 1 Hancock. 3 Brooke. 3 Ohio. 4 Marshall. 5 Wetzel. 6... Monongalia. 7 Preston. 8 Pleasants. 9 Tyler. 10.... Doddridge. 11 Marion . 12 Harrison. 13 Taylor. 14 Wood. .10,465 .11.098 .57,553 .32,388 .29,855 .24,334 .26,341 . 8,074 .16,211 .12,672 .42,794 .48,381 .16,5,54 .38,001 Lorn. County Pop. 15 Wirt. 16 Ritchie. 17 Gilmer. 18 Lewis. 19 Uphur. 20 Barbour. 21 Tucker. 22 Grant. 23 Mineral. 24.... Hampshire. 25 Morgan. 26 Berkeley. 27 Jefferson. 28 Mason . .047 ,875 379 ,281 629 ,858 ,675 ,838 674 ,694 ,848 ,999 ,889 ,019 Loca. County Pop. 29 Jackson. 30 Roane. 31 Calhoun. 32 Braxton. 33 Webster. 34 Randolph. 35 Pendleton. 36 Hardy. 37 Cabell. 38 Putnam. 39 Kanawha. 40 Clay. 41 Nicholas. 42... Pocahontas. .20,956 .21,543 .11,258 .23,023 . 9,680 .26,028 . 9,349 . 9,163 .46,685 .18,587 .81,547 .10,233 .17,699 .14,740 Loca. Count y Pop. 43 Wayne. 44 Lincoln. 45 Boone. 46 Fayette. 47.... Greenbrier. 48 Mingo. 49 Logan. 50 Wyoming. 51 McDowell. 52 Raleigh. 53 Mercer. 54 Summers. 55 Monroe. .24,081 .20,491 .10,331 .51,903 .24,833 .19,431 .14,476 .10,392 .47,856 .25,633 .38,371 .18,420 .13,055 Total 1,221,119 Cities and Villages of West Virginia with 1910 Populations Toicns Loca. Pop. Academy Acme Adamston Adkin . . . Affinity . . Albert ... Alderson . . .42. , ..39.. ..12., ..50., ..52. .21. , . .55. . . 209 . . 502 .1,202 . . 209 . . 208 . . 390 .1,252 Towns Loca. Pop. Alexander Algoma . . Alumville Alvy . . . . Alvord . . . Amos ..19. ..51. ..39. ..9. ..30. .11. Anawalt 51. , . . 366 , . . 366 , . . 320 . . . 738 , . . 229 ..1,509 . . . 330 To «■/).>< Loca. Pop. Ansted Arroyo . Ashland Athens . Auburn Austen Avis . .46. . . 1. ...51. ..53. . . .16. ... 7. , .54. .1,030 .. 200 .. 250 .. 575 .. 209 .. 320 .1,432 Touns Loca. Pop. B Backus Baileysville . . Bakerton . . . . Barboursville Barnestown . . Barnum .46. .50. .27. .37. .11. .23. . 209 . 250 . 561 . 907 . 655 . 266 Explanation: Index to Towns. i!>xDiaiiaiioo: ii.ue^ tu iuw..=. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Nu-SbTro" the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 216 Cities and Villages of West Virginia with 1910 Populations Luca. Fop. Barrackville Baxter Bayard Beale *Beckley . . . Beech Beechwood . . Belington . . . Belleville ... Bellton Belmont .... Benwood .... *Berkley Spgi Berryburg . . . Berwind Beth Bethany Beulah Beury Beverly Bigfour Big Springs. . Black Betsy. . Blacksville .Blajne Blakeley Bluefield .... Blue Jay Bolivar Bolt Boomer Boone Boothsvill . . . . Borderland Bowen Bower Boylen Bradshaw B ram we 11 Branchland . . Bridgeport . . . Brighton Bristol Brooklyn Brooks Brownwood . . . *Buckhannon . Buckhorn .... Buffalo Bunker Hill. . . Burner Burning Spngs Burnsville . . . Burton Byrnside Byron . .11 .36 . .11 . .22 . .28 . .52 ..31, . . 6. , .20. , .14. . 4. ,. 8. . 4. i.25. .20. .51. .39. . 2. .34. .46. .34. .51. .31. .38. . 6. .23. .39. .53. .52. .27. .52. .46. .46. .11. .48. .43. .32. .20. .51. .53. .44. .12. .28. .12. . 5. .54. .46. .19. . 7. .38. .26. .42. .15. .32. . 5. .38. .13. Cairo Camden on Ganley Camp Cane Fork. . . . Cannelton . . . . Capon Bridge. . Carbon Carbondale . . . Cascade Cass Catawba Cedargrove . . . Centerpoint . . . Centerville . . . Central Station Ceredo Chapmanville . Charleston (Capital) . . *Charlestown . Chattaroy .... Chelyan Chesapeake . . . Chester Cleremont . . . . ♦Clarksburg . . Clator ♦Clay Clendenin . . . . Clifftop Clifton Clifton Mills. .. Coalburg Coaldale Coai Fork. . . . Coalton Coalwood .... Coketon Colliers Concho , .33. .40. .39. .39. .24. .39. .46. . 7. .42. .11. .39. .10. .19. .10. .43. .49. .39. .27. .48. .39. .39. . 1. .46. .12. . 3. 40. 39. 46. 28. . 7. 39. 53. , 39. 54. , 51., 21., .2. , 46. 250 220 620 417 226 ,..2,161 262 ... 626 ..1,481 ... 208 ... 336 . . . 250 . .4,976 . . . 864 . . . 590 . . . 536 ... 350 . . . 433 ... 336 . . . 520 . . . 438 . . . 526 . . . 220 . . . 520 . . . 204 . .1,290 . . . 366 .11,090 . . . 509 . . . 687 . . . 221 . .1,020 . . . 220 . . . 363 . . . 250 . . . 262 . . . 320 . . . 226 . . . 226 . . . 825 . . . 522 . . . 464 . . . 262 . . . 220 . . . 566 . . . 820 . . . 562 . .1,589 . . . 320 . . . 565 . . . 262 . . . 350 . . . 542 . . . 890 . . . 250 , . . 396 , . . 350 . . 653 , . . 390 .. 223 . . 350 .. 300 .. 256 .. 320 .. 726 .. 226 . . 426 .. 220 .. 226 .. 266 .. 250 .. 292 .1,375 .. 250 22,996 .3,530 . . 563 .. 526 .. 250 .3,184 .. 666 .9,201 . . 526 . . 526 . . 815 . . 490 . . 360 . . 606 . . 260 . . 326 . . 350 . . 325 . . 350 .2,026 .. 436 .. 336 Toiciifi Lovu. Pol). Confidence , Congo Coopers . . . , Cora Cornwallis . Cossie Cotlageville Cowen Craigsville . Cranberry ., Crawley . . . Crescent . . . Crosby .... Crown Hill. Crystal . . . . Curtin Dacota Dallas .... Danville . . Darkesville Davis Decota .... Denver .... Diana .... Dingess . . . Dobbin Donwood . . Donze .... Dotham . . . Douglas . . . Duffiields . . Dunlevie . . Dunloop Dunlow . . . Durbin .... . . . 38 . . . . 1. . . . 53 . . . .49. .. .16. ...44. ...29. ...33. . ..41. ...53. ...47. . .46. ...40. ..39. . .53. ..41. D .39. ... 4. . ...45. ...26. 21. ....39. .... 4. ....33. . . .48. . .22 . ...39! . . .31. .. .46. ...21. ....27. . ..42. . . .46. . ...43. .. .42. Eagle Eastbank ... East Sewell. ., Eccles Eckman Edgarton Edgewood . . . . Eglon Egj'pt ♦Elizabeth . . . Elk Garden. . . Elkhorn ♦Elkins Elkridge Elkwater EUamore .... Ellenboro . . . . Elm Grove . . . Elverton Emmons . . , . . Ennis Erbacon Eskdale Ethel Eureka Eventon F ♦Fairmont . .. . Fairview Fairview Fairview Falling Spring, Farmington . . Fayette ♦Fayetteville . Fenwick Fetterman . . . Finlow Fire Creek. . . . Flanagan .... Flatrun Flat Wood. . .. Flemington . . Foley Follansbee . . . Folsom Fort Gay ♦Franklin .... Freeman Friendly Frozen Fulton G Gary Gassaway . . . . Gauley Bridge. Gentry Gerrardstown Geatto Gilliam .46. .39. .46. ..52. ..51. .48. . 3. . 7. .43. .15. .23. ..51. .34. .46. .34. ..34. .16. . 3. .46. .39. .51., .33., .39., .49., . 8. , .39., .11. . . 1. . .11.. .43.. .47.. .11.. .46.. .46.. .41.. .13.. .46.. .46. . .51. . .11. . .32.. .13.. .49. . .51. .32. .46. .46. .26. .53. .51. , . . . 222 ... 262 . . . 326 . . . 250 ... 200 ... 436 ... 226 ... 313 ... 336 . . . 209 ... 309 . . . 420 ... 262 ... 240 . . . 526 . . . 3261 ...226 ...212 ...326 . . . 325 ..3,615 . . . 300 . . . 333 . . . 266 . . . 250 . . . 536 . . . 536 ...236 . . . 226 . . . 330 . . . 250 . . . 336 . . . 526 . . . 533 . . . 390 . . 1,590 . . . 551 , . . 390 , . . 428 . . 1,099 , . . 306 .1,455 . . 300 .. 326 .. 674 .. 438 .1,220 .5,260 . . 362 .. 320 .. 508 .. 304 .1,899 .. 250 .. 226 .. 326 .. 296 . . 350 . . 226 . . 226 .. 350 .9,711 .. 407 .. 782 .. 384 .. 370 .. 519 . . 490 . . 671 . . 503 . . 796 . . 320 . . 250 . . 320 . . 366 . . 384 . . 350 . . 262 .2,031 . . 622 . . 526 .1,090 . . 217 . . 20 . 1,038 .1,208 .1,086 . . 582 . . 508, . . 223j .1.082) . . 330* Towns Loni. Pop. I Towns Lorn. Pop. . .16. . 29 . .34. .40. . 4. ..12. .46. .46. .17. .,53. .53. .22. .13. .31. . 6. 8. Girta Given Glady Glen Glendale .... Glen Falls. . . Glen Ferris. . Glen Jean. . . . ♦Glenville . . . Glen White. .. Goodwill .... Gormania . . . ♦Grafton .... ♦Grantsville . Granville Grape Island. Great Cacapon..25 Griffithsville . ..44 Gulf 52 Guyan 50 Guyandotte . . ..37 Gypsy 12 H Hackers Junc'n tialcyon Hallto%vn Hambleton . . . Hamiltonia .... ♦Hamlin Handley Hansford Harpers Ferry., ♦Harrisville . . . Hartford Hedgesville . . . Heights Helvetia Hemphill Henderson Hendricks . . . Henry Henry Herberton .... Herndon Hewlet Hico Hilltop ♦Hinton Holden Hollidays Cove Horton Hotcoal Ho\T'esville . . . Hubbardstown Huger Hughestown . . Hundred Hunt Huntersville . . ♦Huntington . Hurricane . ., Hutchinson . Huttonsville I laeger Independence Institute .... Irona Ivydale .20. ,49. ,27. .21. 30. 44. 39. .39. ,27. 16. .28. .26. ..28. ..34. .51. ..28. ..21. .40. .22. .46. .50. .43. .46. .46. .54. .49. . 1. .34. .52. . 7. .43. ..51. .39. .. 5. .39. .42. .37. .38. .11., .34., .51., . 7.. .39., . 7.. .40.. Janelew 18. Jed 51. Jennings 32. Junior 20. K Kanawha City. 39. Kay Moor 46. Kearneysville ..27. Kenova 43. Kerstetter ♦Keyser Keystone . . Kilsyth . . . Kimball Kimberly Kincaid . . ♦Kingwood Kyle ..34. ..23. . .51. . .46. . .51. .46. ,..46. . . 7. ..51. 250 ... 330 . .. 281 ... 226 ... 220 . . . 250 ... 320 . . . 723 . . . 336 . . . 562 ... 526 . . . 502 ..7, .563 . . . 282 ... 250 ... 330 . . . 350 ... 250 . . . 260 ...220 ..1,702 ... 663 ...326 . . . 308 . . . 380 . .1,302 . . . 230 . . . 660 . . . 56a . . . 350 . . . 766 . . . 608 . ..358 . . . 328 ...275 . . . 380 . . . 390 . . . 386 . . . 640 . . . 392 . . . 339 . . . 326 . . . 720 , . . 326 , . . 200 ..761 .3,656 .2,026 . . 222 .1,066 . . 350 .. 326 .. 326 .. 260 ., 226 . . 557 .. 336 . . 320 31,161 . . 422 .. 326 .. 351 .. 362 . . .303 .. 200 . . 320 .. 336 . . 327 . . 236 . . 263 . . 435 . . 863 . . 530 . . 462 . . 993 . . 236 .3,705 .2,047 . . 730 . 1,630 . . 280 . . 308 . . 822 . . 263 Lanark 52. DandgrafC 51. I>andisburg . . ..46. Laneville 21 . Lansing 46. I,,auna 52. r^awton 46. Lazearville .... 2. 526 302 330 333 200 362 .526 523 Leander .... Loon Lester Lewis ♦Lewisburg . . Lewistown . . Littleton . Ijizemores . . . Locust Lane., ♦Logan London . . . Longacre . . Lookout . . . Lost City.. I^ost River. Lough Lumber . . . Lumberport 46. 28. 52. 39. 47. 39. . . 5. ..40. . . 28 . . .49. . .39. ..46. .46. ..36. ..36. ..16. . . 34 . ..12. M Mabie . . Mabscott . . McAlpine . . McDowell . McMechen . Macdonald , ♦Madison . . Mahan ..... Maiden . . . , Mamie Mammoth . Mannington Maplewood , ♦Marlinton . Marmet 39. ..51 .. 4 . .46 ..45 ..46 . .39 .40, , .39 ..11, .46, .4'. . . 52 , ..46. ..26, ..46. Marshes Marting .... ♦Martinsburg Ma rvel Mason Mason Town. . . 7. Masseysville . . .52. Matewan 48. Maybeury 51 . Meadow Creek. 54. Middlebourne . 9. Middleton Middleway Mill Creek. Millwood Milton . . . . , Minerva . . . Mink Minnora Mohawk . . . Monongah . Montana Mines. 11. Montgomery . .46. ♦.Moorefield . Morgansville ♦Morgantown . 6 Morlan 7 Mound 39 ♦Moundsville .. 4 Mount Carbon. .46, Mount Clare... 12 Mount Hope. .Mount Nebo. Murklow . . . Mullens .... .11. .27. .34. .29. .37. .44. .39. .31. .51. 11 ..36. , ..10. ..46., .41., ..39. .50.. N Nestorville Nettie .... Newburg . , ♦Now Cumber- land 1. . New Haven . . . .28. . ♦New Martins- ville 5. . Now Richmond. 54. . . North fork 51. . , North Point Pleasant . , Nuttallburg . O Oak Hill 46. Oakvale Odell Ogden City. . . Olcott Olmsted .... O'.Neal Orleans Cross Roads Oswald P Page 46. Paint Creek Junction . . ..39. .20. .41. 7. .28., .46. , .53.. .39.. .46.. ..39.., ..51. ., ..46.., ..25. . . .52. . . . . 230 . . 240 . . 536 .1,209 . . 803 . . 369 . . 712 . . .526 . . 275 . 1,640 '.'. 250 . . 230 . . 330 . . 336 . . 365 . . 666 . . 656 . . . 362 . . . .561 !!i,53« ..2,931 ..1,153 . . . 295 . . . 200 . . . 355 . . . 326 ..1,022 . .2,672 . . . 296 . .1,045 . . . 650 . . . 290 . . . 420 .10,698 . . . 250 . . . 784 . . . 520 . . . 390 . . . 588 .2,026 . . . 250 . . . 546 . . . 526 . . . 466 . . . 740 , . . 330 . . 837 . . 433 . . 226 . . 308 . . 226 .2,084 .. 430 .1,888 . . 646 . . 330 .9,150 . . 200 . . 263 .8,918 . . 432 . . 2.50 . . 494 . . 226 . . 490 . . 230 . . 396 . . 290 . . 823 .1,807 . . 750 .2.176 , . 333 . . 425 . . 452 , . 430 . 764 . 378 . .303 ..310 . 520 . 260 . 326 . 250 509 250 217 Cities and Villages of West Virginia with 1910 Populations Toiciifi Loca. Pop. Palestine . . . Panther .... *Paikeisburg * Parsons . . . Patterson . . Paw Paw. . . Pear Pennsboro . . Penrith .... •I'etersburg Peterstown . Peytona .... ♦Philippi Pickens Piedmont .... Pine Grove. . . . *Pineville .... Pittman Pleasant Valley Plymouth .... Poca •Point Pleasant Pondgap Powellton Powhatan Pratt Premier Price Hill Prince ♦Princeton . . . . Procious Proctor Prosperity Prosperity Station Prudence .... Pruntytown . . Pullman Putney .15. .51. .14. .31. . 3. .25. .53. .16. . 1. .32. .55. .45. , .20 . .34. 33. 5. 50. 46. 3. 38. 38. .28, 39. 46. 51. 39. 51, 52 46 53 40 5 52 Quiet Dell. Quinnimont Q .12. .46. B Raleigh Rapp . . Ravenswood . ..29. .52. .48. . . . 225 . . . 309 .17,842 ..1,780 . . . 713 . . . 725 . . . 320 . . . 930 . . . 309 . . . 350 . . . 257 . . . 230 . . 1,038 . . . 626 ..2,054 . . . 474 . . . 334 . . . 250 . . . 346 . . . 390 . . . 350 . .2,045 . . . 226 ...413 . . . 450 . . . 306 . . . 220 . . . 320 . . . 251 ..3,027 . . . 206 . . . 250 . . . 330 ... 350 . . . 406 . . . 420 . . . 230 ... 436 ... 250 ... 466 . . 350 , '.i.oii To tens Loca. Pop. Red Hoase. . . Red Jacket. . . Redstar Reedsville . . . Reedy Renick Richwood . . . . Ridgeley .... *R!pley Rippon Riverside .... Robson Rock Rolfe *Romney . . . . Ronceverte . . Roneys Point. Rosemont . . . Rowlesburg . , Royal Rush Run. . . . S Sabraton . . . , Saint Albans. . Saint George. *Saint Marys. , Salem Salmon Salt Sulphur Springs . . . . Sand Fork. . . , Sandstone . . . , Sandyville . . . Sardis Saxman , Sayre , Scarboro . . . . , Seth I Sewell Sharon Shaw Shenandoah Junction . . Sheperdstown Sheridan .... Sherrard .... Shinnston . . . .38. .48. .46. . 7. .30. .47. .41. .23. .29. .27. .39. .46. .53. .51. .24. .47. . 3. .13. . 7. .46. .46. . 6. .39. .21. . 8. .12. ,.48. ,.55. .17. .54. ..29. .12. .41. .29. .46. .45. ,.46. .39. .23. .27. .27. .44. . 4. .12. . . 226 .1,202 . . 536 . . 208 . . 313 . . 270 .3,061 . . 596 . . 591 . . 236 . . 236 . . 250 . . 530 . . 330 .1,112 .2,157 . . 236 . . 330 . . 936 . . 260 .. 390 . . 790 . 1,209 . . 245 .1,358 .2,169 .. 308 .. 296 .. 223 .. 326 .. 250 .. 326 .. 406 .. 262 .1,533 .. 226 .. 325 .. 363 .. 250 .. 320 .1,070 .. 226 .. 360 .1,224 Loca. Pop. Simmons .... Simpson Sioto Sistersville ... Skelton Slab Fork Sleepy Creek. . Smithfteld Sophia South Buchhan non South Carbon. South Charles- ton South Keyser. . So. Rush Run. *Spencer Spillman Sprague Star City Stealey Heights Stone Cliff .Stumptown . . . *Summersville Summit Point Sun *Sutton Sweetsprings Sylvia Talcott Terra Alta Thacker Thayer Thoburn Thomas Thurmond . . . Triadelphia . Tunnelton . . . . Twin Branch. Tyrconnell . . . U Ungers Store. , ♦Union I Uniontown . . , .53. .13. .44. . 9. .52. .52. .25. . 5. .53. ,19. 39. ,39. .23. 46. .30. .28. .52. . 6. i.l2. .46. .17. .41. .27. .46. .32. .54. . 7. .48. .46. .11. .21. .46. . 3. . 7. .51. .13. .1,060 . . 225 . . 200 .2,684 . . 309 . . 250 . . 306 . . 765 . . 202 .2,681 . . 230 . . 530 . . 692 . . 336 .1,224 . . 230 . . 250 . . 318 . . 511 . . 630 . . 697 . . 204 . . 330 .. 800 .1,121 . . 250 . . 490 . . 620 .1,126 . . 262 . . 520 . . 220 .2,354 . . 313 . . 261 . . 793 . . 490 . . 320 . 263 , . 298 , . 200 Loca. Pop. Valley Bend 34 688 Villa 39 263 Vivian 51 ... . 663 Sps. , W Wabash Wake Forest. . Walton War Eagle. . . . Watoga Watson Siding *Wayne Webster 'Webster Weirton "Welch •Wellsburg . . ., West Columbia West Grafton. . West Hamlin. . West Liberty. . *Weston , "West Union. . . West Vivian. . Wevaco ♦Wheeling . . . . White Sulphur Springs Whitmer ♦Williamson . . Williamstown Wilsonburg . . Winding Gulf ♦T\'infleld ... Winifrede . . . Winona Wint^'burn . Witciier Womelsdorf . Woodman . . . Woodsdale . . . TVorth Worthington Wright Wyndal Wyoming . . . 23., 39. 30., 48. 42. 11. 43. 13. 33. 1. 51. 2. ,38. .13. ,44. . 3. .18. .10. .51. .39. . 3. .47. .34. .48. .14. .13. .52. .38. .39. .46. .42. .39. .34. .47. . 3. .51. .11. .52. .46. .51. .. 266 . . 222 . . 236 .1,500 . . 390 .. 519 . . 530 . . 262 . . 526 .. 426 .1,526 .4,189 . . 205 .1,590 .. 290 . . 350 .2,213 ..779 .1,630 . . 208 41,641 . . 338 . . 630 .3.561 .1,139 , . . 350 , . . 228 ..291 , . . 226 , .3,066 . . . 336 , . . 330 . . . 665 . . . 490 . . . 831 . . . 330 . . . 292 . . . 250 . . . 220 . . . 230 WEST VIRGINIA A State with the Finest of Public Buildingrs Paid For and State Out of Debt GENERAL DESCRIPTION The impression may prevail that it would not be possible to take off a slice of territory from the northwest corner of old Virginia and get a state, the area of which would be of much consequence: novertlieless, that was done and our regret is. as we write this brief sketch, that we cannot more full.v show the numerous public state buildings, the educational institutions, the manufactories, the hotels and otlier features of public interest which abound in this young state. SIZE OF WEST VIRGINIA But, though only a portion of Virginia was taken, it gave the people of West Virginia an area of territory comprising 24,713 square miles. To judge the size of this the reader has only to understand that this area is almost twenty times that of Rhode Island, twelve times that of Delaware, five times that of Connecticut, three times that of Massachusetts, more than twice that of Maryland, twice that of Belgium, twice that of Holland, a third larger than Denmark, and more than a third larger than Switzerland. It is seen in this that the piece taken was no very small, little .slice either. But that was not all. Virginia had passed the ordinance of secession April 17, 1S61. In the convention which passed the act, of the fortv-six delegates, from the territory now comprising this state, twent.v-nine voted against secession. HOW WEST VIRGINIA KEPT OLT OF THE WAR A general election in Virginia was called for May 23 1861, to act upon ratiti* ation of the act of secession. A count of the votes from the counties comprising the present West Virginia showed, that, out of 44,000 votes cast from this territory, 40,000 were opposed to secession. Then followed conventions at Wheeling m which provisions were made for forming a new state. Application for admission to the Union was made to Congress and permission was granted on condi- tion that slavery should be abolished in the new state. EXTERMINATION OF SECESSION ELEMENT Tlie result of the definite stand taken by the West Virginia people was the driving out of the secession element from this portion of the country, and the giving to the Union cause of 20,000 soldiers. The great beneficial effect was the escape of West Virginia from becoming the battle ground of the contending forces, while the horrors of war were centered on the territory of old Virginia. Beginning thus a free state, and pledged to the Union cause, the prosperity of the new state has gone steadily on ever since tiie day of its birth. Something of its wealth and resources is shown in that item relat- ing to the state under the head "Productions." PROSPERITY ON EVERY SIDE Among the evidences of prosperity is a superior state home erected in 1883, at a cost of $390,000; hospitals for the insane, and an asylum. Miners' hospitals, penitentiary, reform schools for boys, and industrial schools for girls. University buildings and grounds, university preparatory schools at Montgomery and at Keyser, state normal school, branches of the normal school at Fairmount, West Liberty, Shepardstown, Glenville. Athens, school for deaf and blind, and two institutes for colored students. These schools are nearly all in large imposing buildings, and everything about them having the latest improvements. THE STATE OUT OF DEBT. Another matter we wish the landseeker to ob- serve, which is, that while this state is evidently at the ver.v head in modern public buildings, the state is not in debt one dollar! And not only that, but the tax rate on each $1,000 Is only 85 cents. Under the head of "valuations" it is interesting to see this tax rate with states in general. 218 West Virginia Opportunities in Agriculture and Varied Enterprises The prosperity which has come to this state is partially explained by the enurmous resources of the state. This is seen under the head of "Pro- ductions." But it is only partly explained there from the fact, that while we mention the revenue from a few items the income from minerals alone, in one year, is $74,731,376. WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE. But if this young state can at this age, in her history, have all of her public buildings in such fine condition, all paid for, and the state be out of debt, with only a tax rate of 85 cents on a thousand dollars, what of the future? Let us investigate for the benefit of the land investor and home seeker who contemplates rem.oval but is undetermined yet where to go. The coal area of West Virginia covers over 16,000 square miles, the seams of coal in some places being 250 feet thick. Great beds of this fuel adjoin the Ohio river, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and other lines of transportation, convenient for shipment. This fuel, in unlimited ainount, which brings into the state annually, over $30,000,000, con- tains every quality of cannel, splint, coking, black and bituminous coal, and all these varieties are in thick and easily worlsed veins. A GREAT FUTURE COMEVG IN IRON Iron ore exists in twenty-two counties; the best ores being, according to the state geologist, in Grant, Pendleton, Hardy, Pocahontas and Greenbrier counties. As yet the people have been so busy with other enterprises that the iron industry has not been developed, but the supply is here for great manufactories when time comes for their establish- ment. Fire clay and potter's clay is found here in such abundance as to bring over $3,000,000 annually into the state from the manufacture of clay products. There being only comparatively few persons to the square mile here, there has been as yet but little inducement, and no time to begin the extensive manufacture of woodenware. But when piano makers, furniture workers and vehicle dealers are ready, they should know that there are 11,776,000 acres, in West Virginia, covering 73 per cent area of the state which, at the prevailing price of lumber wouJd be worth, it is estimated, more than twelve hundred millions of dollars. Under the head of "Productions" and department of "Manufactures" it is seen that the value of manufactured products in West Virginia annually is over $128,000,000. Our space does not permit us to enumerate fully - — but in brief there are in making flour and grist- mill products. 730 establishments, 16 glass factories, 23 factories for car building and repairs, 62 foundry and inachine shops, and S3 planing mills.. It is difflcult to predict what the leading indus- tries will be in the future inasmuch as so many are yet waiting on time and capital for development. There are some ten points in the state where there are sulphur, medicinal and mineral springs. Some of these are famous as pleasure and health resorts. SALT, BRICK AND DR.\IN TELES There are numerous salt wells, and salt is just beginning: to be made as a marketable commodity. Much of the soil is composed of a clay suitable for the making of fire brick, sewer and drain tiles. With the immense amount of this raw material accessible there can be unlimited expansion in this industry. About two-thirds of the people are engaged in agriculture, and with the favorable conditions which prevail in Vv'est Virginia this must always be the leading: industry of the state. By the census of 1000 it was shown that only about one-lialf of the agricultural land of the state was improved and that over 5,000,000 acres are, at this writing, unimproved. GREAT FIELD FOR THE TRUCK GARDENER. The growth of population in the various indus- tries, outside of agriculture is making a local m;u- ket for the sale of all Itinds of garden products. And the attention of land seekers is especially called to the growing opportunities offered in this state for market gardeners in the vicinity of the towns. So rapid has been the growth of demand for fresh garden products in the coal and manufacturing towns of late in this .state as to increase the sales 413 per cent in the past ten years. EMMENSE COMING DEM.VND FOR FOOD I'RODUtTS A writer treating on the subject of market gar- dening in West Virginia and the means by which the business has been advanced says "this increase has been made in an effort to produce vegetables and small fruits in the valleys and on the hills, to supply not only the toilers in the factories, but the more than forty thousand miners who toil beneath the hills for those dependent upon them. No other American state has a better home market for its vegetables — garden products — than West Virginia." As has been shown under the head of topography, the soils of our river bottoms, composed of the dis- integration of the rocks, are extremely fertile and especially adapted to the cultivation of garden products. The West Virginia gardener, with his home market in the coal fields, and manufacturing centers, all around him, is not confronted with the problem of transportation and storage as are those who must ship long distances. NATURAI. ADVANTAGES HERE. Thus he is not subjected to losses in a glutted market -^where railroad traffic and commission rates absorb his profit, he receiving small returns for his industry. Neither is he subjected to losses because of the perishable nature of his crops, for he has his regular customers, who are largely the con- sumers as well and they need stated supplies at regular intervals. Neither does he have the expense of insurance. It is estimated that he who produces and ships to far-away markets, after paying freights, drayage, insurance and commissions, scarcely re- ceives forty per cent of the price which the con- sumer pays for his vegetables. Not so with the West Virginia gardener who sells to the local mar- kets around him, directly to the consumer or re- tailer, and thus receives the seventy-five to one hun- dred per cent of the price of his products. Not in thirty years to come will our gardening industry be able to supply existing and ever increasing demands for their products in the home markets of the coal fields, and other centers of industry within the sta^e. And when a surplus is created, the great market centers of Pittsburg and other cities lie within a few hours of their doors. As home seekers and investors in land carefully Investigate they will find superior opportunities for getting support for themselves in West Virginia, while rapid increasing population must result in greatly advancing values of land. CONDENSED IMPORTANT F.\CTS RELATING TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Highest in the state, St>ruce Knob in Pendleton County, 4,780 feet. Climate. — The average annual temperature is 56.4. At Morgantown. Monongalia County, in the extrenie northeastern part of the state, the average January temperature is 35 above zero. July, 74. E.xtremes are, wannest, 07; coldest, 25 below. Yearly rain- fall, 46.0 inches. Remarkably healthful climate. Many people having come here for the springs and highland air after recuperation become permanent settlers. Dimensions.- — Extreme length north to south, 225 miles; width, east to west, 200 miles. Area, 24,780 square miles. Histor.v. — Counties of northwestern Virginia re- jected the ordinance of secession passed by Virginia April 17. 1861, at Richmoml, and delegates from counties now comprising state of West Virginia met in Wheeling June 11, 1.SG1. and organized a new state government. Constitutional convention met in Wheel- ing November 24. Constitution ratified by the people May 3, 1862. Consent of Virginia legislature given for forming a new state May 13. West Virginia ad- mitted to the Union June 20, 1S63. Wheeling made first seat of government and lastly Charleston be- came the capital of the state. Valuations, 1006: Real estate, $475,080,584; per- sonal property. $400,000,000. Tax rate on each $1,000 is 85 cents. No bonded debt of the state. Productions, 100.5. — Agricultural: Oats, 1,980.586 bushels: corn, 22,813.122 bushels; wheat, 4,373.080 bushels. .Manufactures: Capital employed, $86,620,823: wage earners. 43.758; wages paid, $21,153,042; value of products. $99,040,676. Minerals: Value of products — Coal. $32,341,700: clay products. $2,018,795; coke, $6,548,205; iron, pig. estimated, $5,250,000; natural gas. $10,075,804: pe- troleum, $16,132,631; stone. $842,627: lime, $255,337; mineral waters, $50,063. The raw material for the manufacture of every d^Lcriptifn of product is here in such abundance as to build up the fa«'tory, and all employee in the factories must be fed. 219 WISCONSIN STATE AND THE 71 COUNTIES OF WISCONSIN With Their Boundaries LOCATION AND 1910 POPULATION OF WISCONSIN COUNTIES. Loca. County Pop. 1 Douglas. .47,432 2 Bay neld. .15,987 3 Ashland. .31,965 4 Iron. . 8,306 5 Vilas. . 6,019 Loca. County Pop. 6 Forest. 7 Florence. 8 Burnett. 9 Washburn. 10 Sawyer. 6,782 3,381 9,026 3,196 6,227 Loca. County Pop. 11 Price.. 13.795 12 Oneida. .11,433 13 Polk. .21,367 14 Barron. .29,114 15 Busk. .11,160 Loca. County Pop. 16 Taylor. .13,641 17 Lincoln. .19,064 18 Anglade 19 Oconto. .25,657 20 Marinette. .33,812 220 Location and 1910 Population of Wisconsin Counties — Continued Loca t'liuat 1) Put,. 21. . ... St. Croix. .25,910 23. . Dunn. .25,26i) 23. . . . Chippewa. .32,103 24. . Pierce. .22,079 25. . . . : .. *Pepin. 26. . . Eau Claire. .32,721 27. .. Clark. .30,074 28. . . . Marathon. .55,054 29. . . . . Shawano. .31,884 30. . Buffalo. .16,005 31.. Trempealeau. .22,928 32. . . .. . . Jackson. .17,075 33. . . Wood. .30,583 County Pop. 34. 35. 36. 37. . 38. . 39. . 40. . 41. . 42. . 43. . 44. . 45. . 46.. . . . Portage. . . Waupaca. Outogamie. . . . . Brown. . Kewaunee. Door. . . La Crosse. . . . . Monroe. .. . . Juneau. . . . . Adams. . Waushara. . Marquette. Green Lake. . 30,945 .32,782 .49,102 .54,098 .16,784 .11,711 .43,996 .28,881 .19,569 . 8,604 . 18,886 .10,741 .15,491 Lora. Co itnt y Pop. 47.... Winnebago. 48.. . Fond du Lac. 49 Calumet. 50. . . . Manitowoc. 51. . . . Sheboygan . 52 Vernon. 53 Crawford. 54 Richland. 55 Sauk. 56 Columbia. 57 Dodge. 58... Washington. 59 Ozaukee. .62,116 .51,610 .16,701 .44.978 . .54,888 .28,116 .16,288 .18,809 .32,869 .31,129 .47,436 .23,784 .17,123 County Pop. 60. .. Grant 61. .. Iowa 62 . . . Dane 63... . . Jefferson 64... . Waukesha 65. .. . Milwaukee 66. .. . . Lafayette 67. .. 68. .. Rock 69... . Walworth 70. . . Racine 71. .. . . . Kenosha .39 . .34 . .37 .433 . .20 . .2 . .55 . .29 . .57 . .32, 007 ,497 ,435 ,306 100 187 .075 ,641 ,538 614 424 929 Total 2,333,860 Wisconsin Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. .\ Abbottsford . . .27 947 Abelman .... ..55. ... 444 Abrams .19. ... 200 Adams Center .43 ...250 Aden .51 ...250 Albany .66. . . . 669 Albion .62. ... 250 Algoma .38. . .3,082 Allen Grove. . . .69. . . . 321 Allenton .58. ... 250 AUouez ..1. ... 820 *Alma .30. ..1,011 Alma Center. .32. ...417 Almond .34. . . . 487 Alois .65. . . . 866 Alto .48. . , . 220 Altoona .26. . . . 824 Amberg .20. . . . 431 Amery .13. . . . 659 Amherst .34. . . . 629 Aniwa .29. ...274 *Antigo .18. ..7,196 Appollonia . . . .15. ...226 *Appleton . . . . .36. .16,773 Arbor Vitae. .. . .5. ..1,200 Arcadia .31. ..1,212 Arena .61. . . . 354 Argyle .66. . . . 603 Arkansaw . . . . .25. . . . 262 Arkdale .43. . . . 220 Armenia .42. . . . 801 *Ashland . .3. .11,594 Athens .28. . . . 904 Auburndale . . . .33. . . . 297 Augusta .26. ..1,405 Avoca .61. .. 436 Aztalan .63. .. 250 Toicnti Lora. Pop. B Babcock 33. Badger Mills. . .23. Bagley 60. Baileys Harbor.39. Baldwin 21. •Balsam Lake.. 13. Bancroft .... Bangor *Baraboo .... Barnes Barneveld . . . •Barron Barronett . . . Barton Bavaria Bay City Bayfield ~. Bay Settlement. 37. Bear Creek 36. Beaver Dam. ...57 Beetown . . Beldenville Belgium . . Bell Center. Belleville . .34. ..40. . .55. .61 ; .14. .14. .58. .18. .24. Bellevre Belmont . . . . Beloit Benton Berlin Bigbend .... Big Flats. . . . Big Suamico. .60. , .24. ,59. , .53. . 62 . .37. .66. . .68. .66. .46. ..64. .43. .37. , . . . 520 . . . 230 , . . 300 , . . 250 , . . 584 ,..279 , . . 226 , . . 692 .6,324 . . 326 . . 317 .1,449 . . 220 . . 562 .. 200 . . 252 .1,689 .. 386 . . 426 .6,758 '.'. 250 . . 228 . . 216 .. 423 .. 808 . . 533 15,125 . . 652 .4,636 . . 200 . . 280 . . 336 Birchwood . Birnamwood Blackcreek . Black Earth. •Black River Falls Black Wolf. Blair Blanchardvill Bloom City. Bloomer . . . Bloomington Blue River. . Boaz Bonduel .... Boscobel . . . Boyd Brandon . . . Brantwood . Bridgeport . Brillion .... Bristol Broadhead . Brokaw .... Brooklyn . . . Browntown Bruce Brule Brvant Buffalo Burlington . Burnett .... Butternut . . 9. . . .29. . . .36. ...62. ...33. ...47. .31. e..66. ...54. . ..23. . .60. . ..60. ...54. . . .39. . . .60. . . .33. . . .48. . . .11. . . .53. . ..49. . . .71. .. .67. . . . 28 . . . .67. ...67. . . .15. , .. .1. .18. .30. .70. .57. ..3. . . 530 . . 678 .. 516 .. 479 .1,917 . . 671 . . 486 . . 643 . . 330 .1,204 . . 626 . . 287 . . 226 . . 350 .1,525 . . 527 . . 684 .. 336 . . 500 , . 998 . . 326 .1,517 . . 458 . . 362 222 '.'. 565 . . 250 . . 333 . . 355 .3,212 . . 266 . . 717 Cadott Calamine . . . . Calumetville . Cambria Cambridge . . . Cameron Campbellsport Camp Douglas Carrolville . . . Carter Cascade Casco Cashton Cassville Catawba Cazenovia . . . . Cecil Cedarburg . . . . Cedar Grove. . Centuria Charlesburg . . Chaseburg . . . . Cormier Chelsea Chetek •Chilton •Chippewa Fall Clarks Mills. .. Clay Clayton Clear Lake. . . . Clinton Clintonville . . . Clyman Cobb Cochrane Colby . . . Coleman .33. .66. .48. .56. .62. .14. .48. .42. .65. . .6. .51. .38. .41. .60. .11. .54. .29. .59. .51. .13. .49. .52. .37. .16. .14. .49. s23. .50. .32. .13. .13. .68. .35. .61.. .30.. .28. . .20. . .. 765 .. 226 .. 330 .. 654 . . 507 .. 562 .. 650 .. 473 , . 362 .. 350 . . 333 . . 399 . . 568 . . 890 . . 200 . . 392 . . 351 .1,777 . . 498 . . 301 . . 363 . . 326 .1,662 . . 426 . . 829 .1,530 .8,893 . . 226 . . 316 . . 220 . . 498 . . 897 .1,747 . . 200 . . 230 . . 250 , . 869 . . 436 Towns Lora. Colfax 22. Coloma 44. Columbus 56. Commonwealth. .7. Concord 63. Conover 5. Coon Valley. ...53. Cooperstown ..50. Corliss 70. Cormier 37. Cottage Grove. .63. Couderay 10. •Crandon 6. Crivitz 30. Cross Plains. . .63. Cuba 60. Cudahy 65. Cumberland ...14. Curtiss 37. D Dale 36. Dallas 14. Dane 63. Darien 69. •Darlington ...66. Dayton 67. Deerfield 63. Deer Park 31. De Forest 62. Delafleld 64. Delavan 69. Delton 55. Denmark 37. De Pere 37. De Pere Station.37. De Soto 52., DextervlUe . . . .33. , Diamond Bluff .24. , Dickeyville 60., •Dodgeville 61., Donaldson 5. , Dorchester . . . .27. , Dousman 64. . Downing 22., Downsville . . . .22. . Doylestown . .. .56. . Drummons 2. . Duckcreek 37.. Dueholm 13. . Dunbar 20. . •Durand 25. . Dyckesville ...38.. E Eagle 64. . •Eagle River. .. .5. . Eastman ,53. . East Trov 69. . •Eau Claire. . . .26. . Eden 48. . Edgar 28. . Edgerton 68. . Eland 29. . Elcho 18. . Eldoron 28. . Eleva 31. . Elkhart Lake. .51. . •Elkhorn 69.. Elk Mound 22. . •Ellsworth 24.. Elmwood 24. . Elrov 42. . Elton 18. . Pop. .. 701 . . 320 .. 252 .. 866 .1,236 .. 222 .. 391 .. 226 .. 525 .1,662 .. 250 . . 326 .1,833 . . 22G .. 350 . . 967 .3,691 .1,445 .. 332 .. 426 .. 342 .. 296 .. 389 .1,808 .. 350 .. 533 .. 326 .. 431 . . 361 .2,450 .. 326 . . 250 .4,477 .4,292 .. 331 . . 354 . . 222 . . 250 .1,791 . . 366 .. 476 . . 250 . . 319 . . 286 . . 359 . . 522 .1,606 . . 226 . . 526 .1,503 . . 206 .. 339 .1,454 . . 223 . . 673 18,310 . . 2.50 .. 746 .2,513 . . 368 . . 520 . . 226 . . 319 .. 499 .1,707 .. 302 .1,005 . . 585 .1,729 . . 492 Towns Lor Pop. Embarrass Emmerton Ephraim . . Esdaile . . , Ettrick . .. Eureka . . . , Evansville ... 35 . .. .23. .. .39. . ..24. ...31 . .. .47. ...68. Fairchild . , Fair Oaks. Fall Creek. Fall River. Fennimore Fen wood . . Ferrvville . Fineld Fish Creek . •P^lorencp . •Fond du Lac. .48 Footville 68 Forest Junction. 49 Forestville . . ..39 Fort Atkinson. .63 Fosterville 5 Fountain City. .30 Fox Lake Junction Frederic . . Fredonia . . Freemont . •Friendship G Galesville 31. Gays Mills 53. Genesee 64. Genoa 52. Genoa Junction. 69. Germantown . .58. Gile Gilett Gilmanton Glenbeulah Glen Flora. Glenrock . . Glenwood City..21. Glidden 3. Gordon 1 . , Gotham 54. , Grafton 59. , •Grand Rapids.. 33., Grandview 2., Granton •Grantsburg . Gratiot •Green Bay. . •Green Lake. Groonleaf 37 Greenstreet ...50., Greenwood . . . .27. Gresham 29. , H Hackley Hales Corners, Hamburg . . . , Hammond . .. . Hancock Hartford Hartland Hatley Haugen Hawkins ..36. ..62. ..26. ..56. ..60. . .28. ..53. . .11. ..39. . .57. ..13. ...59. ..35. ..43. .4. ..19. , .30. ,.51. ,.15. .44. .27. , . .8. .66. , .37. , .46. , .65. .28. '.U'.. . 58 . . .64.. .28. . .14.. .15.. . . . 283 . . . 462 ...720 . . . 302 . . . 363 . . . 362 ..2,061 ...678 . . . 891 . . . 523 . . . 360 ..1,159 ...220 . . . 280 . . . 326 . . . 200 . .1,870 .13,797 . . . 392 , . . 3.50 . . . 350 . .3,877 . . . 326 . .1,031 . . 851 .. 511 . . 750 . . 305 .. 376 ...973 . . . 557 . . . 250 ] ! ! 709 . . 205 . . 451 . . 610 . . 250 . . 562 . . 520 .. 277 . . 9.54 . . 606 .. 366 .. 350 .. 848 .6,521 . . 436 . . 250 .. 721 . . 368 25,236 . . 563 . . 226 . . 326 . . 665 .. 305 . . 536 . . 200 . . 350 . . 408 . . 510 .2,982 . . 728 . . 3.S0 Fxplanation: Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Tjwns; Second Column. Number the Same as Number of the County Where Town is Located: Third Column. Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Population. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 221 Cities and Villages of Wisconsin with 1910 Populations Towns Loca. Pop. Hawthorne 1. . . . 350 Hayton 49 230 *Hayward 10... 3,741 Hazel Green.. ..60 621 Hazelhurst .... 12 ... . 375 Heineman 17 230 Helenville 63 350 Hersy 21 260 High Bridge. . . .3 250 Highland 61... 1,096 Hika 50 275 Hilbert 49 573 Hiles .6 526 Hillsboro 52 804 Hines 1 526 Hingham 51 326 Hixton 32 290 Holcombe 23 326 Hollandale 61 265 Holmen 43 300 Honey Crcc:;. . .63 300 Horicon 57 . . .1,881 Hortonville ....36 863 Houlton 21 466 *Hudson 21... 2,810 Humbird 27 500 *Hurley 4. ..2,522 Hustisford 57 615 I Iduna 31 630 Independence ..31.... 664 Ingram 15. . . . 360 lola 35 850 Iron Belt 4. ..1,000 Iron Mountain.. 57 200 Iron Ridge 57 250 Iron River 2... 1,266 Ironton 55. . . . 250 Itasca 1 . . . . 326 J Jacksonport . . .39 226 *Janesville 08.. 13,804 *Jef£erson 63... 2,582 Johnsburg 48. . . . 252 Johnson Cree'-: .C3. . . , 425 Johnstown Ce:i.63 220 Juda 6<' 291 Junction 34 262 *Juneau 57 603 K Kansasville 70 366 Kaukauna 36... 4, 717 Kelley ..8 200 Kellnersville . .53. . . . 435 Kendall 41 477 * Kenosha 71... 1,371 Kewaskum . . . .58. . . . 635 * Kewaunee ... .38. . .1,839 Kiel 50. ..1,244 Kilbourn 56... 1,170 Kimberlv 36 200 Kingston 46 204 Knapp 22 413 L Lac du Flam- beau 5 226 *La Cross 40. .30,417 *Ladvsmith .. .15. . .2,353 Lake Geneva. . .69. . .3,079 Lakemills 63... 1,673 Lake Nebaga- mon 1 483 ♦Lancaster 60. . .2,329 Laney 29. ..1,814 Lannon 64. . . . 450 Laona 6. . . . 730 Larrabee 50.. ...363 La Rue 55. . . . 250 Lavalle 55 421 Leadmine 66 226 Lena 19 350 Levis 33 300 Limeridge 55. . . . 250 Linden 61 580 Little Chute. .. .36. ... 354 Livingston . . . .60. .. . 662 Lodi 56... 1,044 Loganville 55 ... . 260 Lohrville 44 301 Lomira 57 ... . 539 Lone Rock 54 497 Lostcreek 34... 1,066 Louisburg 60. . . . 228 Lowell 57 318 Loyal 27 677 Luck . 13 383 Luxembourg . . .38. . . . 402 Loca. Pup. Lyndon Station. 42. Lynxville 53. Lyons 69. M Macfarland .. . .62. Madison (capi- tal; Maiden Rock Manawa .... Manchester Manico *Manitowoc Maplewood . Marathon . . Marblehead , Marengo .... *Marinette . Marion Markesan . Marquette . Marshall . . Marshfield Martintown Mason Mattoon . . . *Mauston .. Mayville . . Mazomanie *Medford . . Medina . . . Mellent .... Melrose . . . Menasha 47 Menomonee Falls 64. *Menomonee ...22, Mercer 4. Merrill 17. .62. .24. ..35. ...46. 12. . . .50. 39. 28. .. .48. 3. 20. ....35. 46. ... .46. 62. 33. . ..67. 2. 29. 42. , . . ,57. 63. . ...16. 36. 3. .32. .32 .55 .62 .61 .33 .13 .67. . .4. .62. .28. Merrillan Merrimack Middleton Mifflin . . . Milladore Milltown . Milton 68 Milton Junction. 68. *Milwaukee . . . .65. Mineral Point. .61 . Minocqua 13. Minong 9. Mifhicot 50. Mindovi 30. *Monroe 67. *Montello 45. Montfort June. .61 Monticello .. Montreal . . . Morrisonville Mosinee .... Mount Calvary. 48 Mount Hope. . . .60. . Mount Horeb. . .63. , Mount Sterling. 53. . Mukwanago . . .64. . Muscoda 60. . N Nashotah 64. , Nashville 6. . National Home.65. . Necedah 43 . . Neenah 47 . . *Neillsville 27.. Nekimi 47. . Nekoosa 33. . Nekoosa June. 33., Nelson 30. , Neosho 57. . Neshkoro 45. , New Auburn. . .23. . New Berlin 64., Newburg 58. , New Cassel 48. , New Digging. . .66. , New Glarus. . . .67. , New Holstein. .49. , New Lisbon ... .42. , New London. . .35. , New Munster. . .71. , New Richmond. 21. , Niles 50. . Norrie 28. , North Crandon..6., N. Fond du Lac.48. , N. Freedom ... .55. . N. La Crosse. . .40. . N. Milwaukee. .65. . Northport 35. , North Prairie. .64. . 274 426 ... 420 .25,531 .. . 337 ... 820 . . . 230 . . . 650 .13,027 ... 260 ... 656 . . . 275 . . . 350 .14,610 ... 798 . . . 892 .. . 313 . . . 453 . .5,783 . . . 200 ... 750 ... 868 ..1,701 . .2,282 .. . 917 ..1,843 .. . 226 ..2,833 . . . 250 . .6,081 ... 919 . .5,036 '. [8,689 . . . 635 ...312 . . . 679 ... 350 ... 325 ... 250 . . . 833 ... 926 373,857 . .3.925 . . . 470 ... 200 . . . 450 ..1,325 ..4,410 . .1,104 . . . 558 .. . 671 . . . 563 . . . 330 . . . 482 . . . 350 ... 302 ..1,048 . . . 303 ... 615 . . . 798 .. 226 . . 233 .2,100 .1,0.54 .5,734 . 1,957 .. 908 .1,570 . . 285 . . 285 . . 304 .. 308 . . 364 .. 380 . . 482 .. 326 . . 350 . . 708 . . 839 .1,074 .3,383 . . 200 .1,938 . . 236 .. 226 . . 508 .1,960 . . 647 .7,096 .1,860 . . 420 . . 266 Pop. Norwalk Nye .... .41. .57. O .48. .63. .64. .19. .19. . .3. .35. .11. .47. Oakfield Oakland Oconomowoc *Oconto Oconto Falls. Odanah Ogdensburg . . Ogoma Omro Onalaska 40. Oneida 36. Ontario 52. Oostburg 51. Orfordville ... .68. Osceola 13. *Oshkosh 47. Osseo 31. Otien 65. Ottawa 64. Owen 27. Oxford 45. Packwaukee . Palmyra .... Pardeeville . . Park Falls. . . Paynesville .. Pelican Lake. Pembine .... Pence Pensaukee 19. Pepin 25. .45. .63. .56. .11. .65. .12. .20. ...4. 16. 20. .64. .11. .18. .37. .44. .17. .33. .44. .43. .60. Perkinstown Peshtigo . . . Pewaukee . . *Phillips . . . Phlox Pine Grove. . Pine River. Pine River. . Pittsville . . . Plainfield . . . Plainville . . Platteville . Pleasant Prairie71 Plover 34 Plum City 24 Plymouth 51 Polonia 34 ♦Portage 56 Port Edwards. .33 Portland 57 *Pt. Washingt'n59 Port Wing. Potosi Pound Poygan .... Poynette . . *Prairie du Chien ... Prairie du Sac. 55 Prairie Farm. ..14. Prentice 11. Prescott 24. Princeton 46. Pulaski 29. K *Racine 70. Randolph r,7 Random Lake... 51 Readstown . . Reedsbvfrg . . . Reeseville . . . Reesevile .... Redgranite . . Rewey *Rhinelander Rib Lake Rice Lake. .. . *Richland Centre 54. Richmond Falls. 69. .60. .20. .47. .56. .53. . .55. ..57. . .57. . .44. . .61. . .12. ..16. .14. Richwood . . Ridgeway . Rio Ripon River Falls. Robbins ... Roberts .. . . Rochester . . Rockdale . . . Rockmont . . Rome Rosecrans . . Rosendale . . .57. .. .61. . . . 56 . ... 48 . . . .24. . .13. .. .31. . ..70. . . . 62 . 1. .. .63. . . .50. ...48. . . . 502 . . . 226 . . . 522 . .1,287 . .3,054 ..5,629 . . 1,427 ..2,109 . . . 308 . . . 350 . .1,285 ..1,146 ..2,280 . . . 383 . . . 380 . . . 449 . . . 634 .33,062 . . . 630 . . . 366 . .1,.500 . . . 745 . . . 250 . . . 250 . . . 649 . . . 987 . .1,972 . . . 522 . . . 230 . . . 390 . . . 409 . . . 250 . . . 397 . . . 306 ..1,975 . . . 749 ..1,948 ...250 . . . 201 . . . 201 ..1,213 . . . 450 . . . 723 . . . 901 ..4.452 ...301 . . . 319 . . . 305 . . 3,094 . . . 201 ..5,441 . . . 750 . . . 250 ..3,792 . . . 251 . . . 464 . . . 301 , . . 662 . . . 656 ..3,149 , . . 703 . . . 368 . . . 606 , . . 936 ..1,369 , . . 436 .38,003 937 408 . . . 515 ..3,615 , . . 352 . . . 352 . .1,521 . . . 320 , .5,637 . .1.018 . .3.968 .2,652 ...211 . . 212 . . 437 . . 704 ..3,739 , .1,991 . .201 . . 203 . . 284 . . 303 . . 301 . . 335 . . 301 . . 304 Loca. Pop. Rosholt . Royalton Rudolph . .34. . .35. .. .33. Sagole 36. St. Anna 51 . St. Cloud 21. .13. .65. , .58. , .50. . .71. . .55. , . .59. . . 39 . . .35. St. Croix. .St. Francis. . . St. Lawrence. St. Nazianz. . Salem Sauk City. . Saukville .. Sawyer .... Scandinavia Schlesingerville.58 Schofield 28 Scott 51 Seneca 53 Seymour 36 Shanagolden . . .3 Sharon 69 * Shawano 29 ♦Sheboygan . . .51 Sheboygan Falls51 ♦Shell Lake 9 Sherry 33 Shiocton 36 Shopiere 68 »hullsburg 66 Silverlake 71 Sinsinawa 60 Soldiers Grove. .53 Solon Springs. . .1 Somers 71 Somerset Sta. ..21 Soperton 6 S. Germantown.58 S. Milwaukee. .65 South Range. South Wayne. ♦Sparta Spencer Spirit Spooner Springfield . . Spring Green. Springlake . . Spring Meadow.65 Spring Valley. .24 Stanley 23 Starlake 5 Star Prairie. . . .21 State Hospital. .47 Stetsonville .16 Steuben 53 Stevens Point. 34 ..1. .66. .41. .28. .11. ..9. .69. .55. .44. . .19. . .9. .60. .49. . 35. .53. ..62. Stiles Stinnett . . Stitzer . . . Stockbridgi Stockholm Stoddard . Stoughton Stratford 28. Strum 31. ♦Sturgeon Bay.. 39. Suamico 37. Sullivan 63. Sun Prairie. . . .62. ♦Superior 1 . Suring 10. Sussex 64. Symco 35. Taylor 32. Theresa 57. Thiensville . . . .59. Thorp 27. Three Lakes... 12. Tigerton 29. Tisch Mills .50. Tomah 41. Tomahawk . . ..17. Tony 15. Trego 9. Trempealeau ..31. Tripoli Truesdell . . , Turtle Lake. Two Rivers., 383 202 203 201 . 201 . 309 . 569 .1,503 . 203 . 503 . 303 . 867 . 300 . 301 . 355 . 538 . 889 . 303 . 354 1,109 301 879 ,923 56,398 1,633 902 252 536 301 .1,063 . 301 . 701 . 667 . 253 . 351 . 351 . 403 . 305 .6,093 351 301 .3,973 362 801 .1,453 . 251 . 732 . 203 .3,104 . 972 .2,675 201 253 .1,111 301 337 . 8,693 466 301 275 328 204 343 .4,761 763 253 .4,363 301 301 . .1,119 .41,384 211 211 313 .12. .71. .14. .50. r Union Center... 42. Union Grove. . .70. Unity 28. Utica 62. . 301 . 616 . 363 . 853 222 Wisconsin Cities and Villages with 1910 Populations Loca. Pop. Valders 50. Valley Junction. 41. Vandyne Verona . . Vesper . . Viola *Viroqua Wabeno . Waldo ...'... "Walworth . . Warrens . .. . *Wasliburn , AVashington Harbor . . . 48.. .62., .33. .54., .52. W .6. . . .51. , . .69. .. .41. .39. . . 222 . . 201 . . 218 . . 355 . . 261 . . 671 .2,059 . . 503 . . 252 . . 755 .1,408 .3,832 . . 738 Tuwnn Loca. I'ui). Waterford . Waterloo . . Watertown Waukau . . . * Waukesha Waunakee . * Waupaca . Waupun . . . *Wausau . . Wausaukee * Wautoina Wauwatosa Wauzeka .. Wayside . . Weiskisit . Welcome . . .70 581 .63. . .1,222 .63. . .8,829 .47 301 ..64. . ..62. ..35. . .48. . .28. ..20. . .44. ..65. . .53. . .37. ..18. ..36. ;44 . . . 551 .2,739 , .3,362 , 16,563 , .2,066 , . . 964 ..3,346 . . 476 . . 302 .. 253 . . 341 Tuwit^ Loca. I'lji). West Allis. . . *West Bend. . Westboro .... Westby West De Pere Westfield „ W. Milwaukee. .65 Weston '22 West Salem. . . West Sweden. . Weyauwega . . Weyerhaeuser. Whiteflsh Bay. .65 'Whitehall ... .31. Whitewater . . .69. Wild Rose 44. .65. .58. .16. .52. .37. .45. 40. 13. 35. 15. .6,645 .2,462 . . 704 . . 902 .4,292 . . 729 . 1,458 . . 327 . . 842 . . 401 . . 967 . . 371 . . 542 . . 703 .3,224 . . 5.51 Towns I'up. Williams Bay. Wilmot AV'ilson WiUon Wincliester . . . Windsor AVinnebago . . . A\'inneconne . . Withee Wittenberg . . . Wonewoc Woodford .... Woodville . . . . Wrightstown . AVyocena 69. . . 553 71. . . 251 21. . . 505 41. . . 510 47. .. 968 62. . . 20;i 47. .1,104 47. . . 943 27. . . 44:; 29. .1,091 42. . . 789 66. . . 200 21. . . 320 37. . . 52.5 56. . . 425 WISCONSIN INFORMATION CONCERNING NORTHERN WISCONSIN LANDS In reply to our questions about Wisconsin cut-over timber lands we receive the following: College of Agriculture, Madison, Wis. The price of "cut-over" lands, i. e., those from which the valuable timber has been removed, in Northern Wisconsin, ranges from .|5.00 to .$20.00 per acre: for lands carrying valuable timber the prices range from $10.00 to iSiU.OO. Kentucky blue grass, red top and timothy flourish in Northern W^isconsin in great profusion. Blue grass soon forms a dense sod and timothy, on fertile tracts, grows luxuriantly, yielding crops for many years without reseeding. Red, alsike and white clover flourish, the two former usually giving two cuttings a year. Clover does not so often winter kill as in the southern part of the state because the ground does not thaw out in winter and is usually covered with snow. Indian corn can be successfully grown over a large part of the north on the warmer sandy-loam soils. As the country becomes more settled considerable crops of corn will be grown. Oats are at home in Northern Wisconsin and yield large crops of heavy grain. Barley grows well there. Some wheat is grown, biit the settler should not rely upon that crop. Rye is largely grown and the field or Canada pea flourishes to a surprising degree. Already there are scores of canning factories in the state canning green peas. The yield of ripe peas is from 15 to 30 bushels or more per acre. They are extremely val- uable for feeding stock, especially hogs for producing choice bacon and hams. Root crops of all kinds flourish. Potato growing is already an enormous industry in the north central portion of the state, and where the soils are not too heavy, this is one of tlie most profitable crops of the northern farmer. Cabbages, rutabagas, beets, etc., yield large returns of excellent quality. The sugar beet grows well in the north and on suitable soils carries a very heavy percentage of sugar. Dairying is destined to become the great industry of our new north. The abundant grasses and clovers, the pure, cool waters, the temperate summer climate, all combine to this end. The writer predicts that Northern Wisconsin will become the greatest cheese region in all America. Sheep husbandry is also prof- itable. Hogs do well and can be fed upon peas, clover and other grains grown by the farmer. As to healthfulness, it may be said that there are no diseases peculiar to Northern Wisconsin. The water is pure and the air invigorating. Malaria is unknown. There are no blizzards in the true sense of that word. There is abundance of fuel for the cutting. Never is there a failure of all crops in any one season. Under the worst of possible conditions one is sure of abundance of food, fuel and water — items not always available to pioneer settlers in many parts of the west Every land seeker coming to Northern Wisconsin should know that this vast district possesses all kinds of soil — good, medium and poor. There ire many inferior tracts of land in our new north which at this time should be severely let alone by the land seeker. In some places there are gravelly ridijes with a thin, light soil which burns out in dry weather. In other places there are swamps too deep and miry to be successfully drained. Again there are districts where drift bowlders cover the ground so thickly that, although the soil itself is good, one cannot afford to make a farm at the present time Finally there are regions with a coarse-sand subsoil On some of these sandy lands there is only a light vegetable mold which will give fair crops for two or three years and then leave fields in which the loose sand will be blown into heaps by the wind and profitable cultivation become an impossibility Again there are sandy regions covered with a peat or moor- land formation. Some of these soils are of doubtful agricultural value. In some of the sandy districts the sand is of fine particles and suited to profitable agriculture. The land seeker should avoid all lands of questionable character, since there are numerous tracts of good land available at reasonable prices One should not take poor lands because they can be bought foi- a few dollars less per acre than the tracts with a good soil. There are good lands and poor lands in each and every northern county. The undersigned cannot undertake to inform per- sons who write him as to the merits of particular tracts. Each separate tract must be seen and studied to gain a correct idea of its value. The only way to proceed advantageouslv in secur- ing a home in our new north is to visit one or more seemingly desirable districts. It does not matter so much which county one goes into as it does that a wise selection be made when one has reached some given point. Railroads cross every 'portion of the state and the highways are generally laid out. Set- tlers abound eveiywhere. The land seeker should carefully examine the growing crops in the region visited and from them make up his mind as to the possibilities of other tracts in the same locality. . It should not be forgotten that soils differ sometimes on two adjoining farms and sometimes land not worth a doll.tr an acre lies only a short distance from that which when improved will be worth $."10 or even more per acre. All such facts come out plainly when one studies northern Wisconsin for himself. The writer believes that no region in the United States today offers more favorable opportunities for persons with limited means to surely and success- fully secure homes and ultimately good farms than Northern AVisconsin. .At the same time some land- seekers are making serious mistakes by going about this matter in an unbusinesslike manner, not giving to an important vital matter the thought and care it merits. Government land oflices are located at Wausau, Eau Claire and Ashland. Wisconsin. Government lands still unsold are generally of low agricultural value. Concerning .State lands address State Land Com- missioner, State Capitol. Madison. Wis. Wisconsin has no Board of Immigration. W. A. HENRY, Dean and Director. CONDENSED IMPORT.ANT FACTS REI>.\TING TO THE STATE. Altitude. — Rib Hill, in Marathon Co., 1.040 feet. Climate. — Winters long and severe, yet healthful. The average annual temperature at Green Bay is 43.65. Snow, falling usually before heavy freezing. and continuing through the winter, protects the roots of plants from frost and hastens vegetation in the spring. Average January temperature at La Crosse, !."> above zero; July, 73; warmest, 104: cold- est, 43 below zero: yearly rainfall. 30.7. At Milwau- kee, January average, 19 above; July, 69; warmest, 100; coldest, 25 below; yearly rainfall, 32.1. DiineJisions. — Extreme length of state, north and south, 300 miles. AA'idth. east to west, 200 miles. Area of state. 5(i.040 square miles. IIistor.v. — Many evidences of this region having been occupitd by the Mound Builders. A'isited by Jean Nicolet, a Frenchman, in 1C34: French fur traders built a small stockade near the present town of .Ashland. 1001: Jesuit mission founded at T^a Pointe. IfiC". : Green Bav. 1600. Trading post estab- lished at Milwaukee. ITS."); Milwaukee founded, 1835; WYOMING STATE AND THE 15 COUNTIES OF WYOMING With Their Boundaries Location and Population of WYOHNG COUNTIES Lo- ca- tion COUNTIES Pop. 1910 1.. National Park.. 519 2 Park. . 4,909 3 Big Horn. . 8,886 4 Slieridan. .16,334 5 Johnson.. 3,458 6 Crook. . 6,492 7 Weston. . 4,960 8 Uinta.. 16,983 9 Fremont. .11,822 10 Natrona.. 1,766 11 Converse. . 6,394 12.. .Sweet Water. .11,575 13 Carbon. .11,282 14 Albany. .11,574 15 Laramie. .36.137 Total 145,956 WYOMING CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Towns Lora. Pop. A Afton 8 570 Almy 8 450 B ♦Basin 3 763 ♦Buffalo 5. . .1,368 Burlington 3. . . . 465 C Cambria 7 909 Carneyville 4.... 406 *Casper 10. . .2,639 Chevenne (capital) 15. .11,320 *Codv 2. . .1,132 Cowley 3. . . . 574 Cumberland ... .8 200 D Dayton 4 313 Diamondville . . .8 696 Dietz 4. . .1.209 ♦Douglas 11. . .2,246 Elkol 8 250 Encampment . .13. . . . 421 Evanston 8. . .2,583 F Pairview 8. . . . 350 Fort Mackenzie. .4. . . . 362 Fort Russell. ...15. ..1,066 WYOMING CITIES AND VILLAGES WITH 1910 POPULATIONS. Towns Loca. Pop. Fort Washakie. .9. Frontier 8. G Gillette Glencoe Glenrock ♦Green Ri Greybull Grover . Guernsey Gunn . . . . .8. .11. .12. . .3. . .8. .15. .13. H .13. .13. 9. Hanna . . Hartville Hudson . Hyattville 3. K Kemmerer 8. Keystone 14. Kinnear 9. Kooi 4. . 338 1,530 . 448 . 590 . 43G 1,313 . 258 . 250 . 274 . 320 2,066 . 235 . 319 . 220 843 309 620 250 "Lander 9. . .1.813 Totvns Lora. Pop. ♦Laramie . . Lonetree . . Lovell 14.. 8. . 3. . ,8,337 . . 300 . . 736 M Manville 11 250 Meeteetse 2. . . . 207 Monarch 4. . . . 375 ♦Newcastle 7 . . . . 975 O Oakley 8 590 Otto 3 203 Pinebluff .15. 246 Q Quarry Spur. . . .8. . . . 563 R ♦Rawlins 13... 4, 356 Towns Lora. Pop. Riverton 9. Rock Springs. . .12. Saratoga Shell ♦Sheridan Shoshoni Sublet .. . ♦Sundance Sunrise . Superior Sweetwater . . 483 .5.778 . 557 . 226 8,408 . 604 . 347 . 281 . 236 . 602 . 306 Thermopolis .9... 1,524 U Upton 7. W Wheatland ....15. Winchester 3. Wind River 9. Worland 3. . 244 . 796 . 326 . 236 . 265 WYOMING. ONE OF THE RICHEST OF THE UNITED STATES IN NATURAL RESOURCES. As the reader will observe by examination of di- mensions, this state is more than twice the size of Pennsylvania, which is of itself a large state. What the ultimate outcome of Wyoming will be, when its resources are fully developed, it is impos- sible to foresee. In the first place it is a very young state. It was admitted to the Union no longer ago than 1S90. It is so young yet in being settled that at the census of 1900 there was less than one person to the square mile, while Pennsylvania had 140 per- sons to the square mile, being over 200 years older than Wyoming. We speak of Pennsylva.iia in comparison because Wyoming has several of the natural resources of Pennsylvania, though vastly greater. Thus the coal area of Pennsylvania covers 470 square miles and had an output of coal in 1906 valued at $255,269,507. If Pennsylvania coal is worth over $255,000,000, with 470 square miles of coal area, what will the coal output of Wyoming be when the 20,000 square miles of coal area is fully developed? CLIMATE COMPARED WITH PENNSYLVANIA. Climate has very much to do with the growth and ultimate development of a region. In speaking of the two states, compare the temperature of the lead- ing cities. Thus, the average January temperature of Pittsburg is 30 above zero, Cheyenne is 25; August, Explanation- Index to Towns. First Column, Names of Towns; Second Column, Number the Same as Number of the Countv Where Town is Located; Third Column, Population of 1910. Loca. Means Lo- cation. Pop. Means Poptilation. Star in Front of Name Indicates County Seat. 224 How Little Villages Start in Wyoming and Become Prominent. EASY TO GET STARTED HERE. And then it is so easy to get hold here. Coal is cheap. Wood is abundant and may be had for simply the cutting and hauling. The pure, bracing air puts life into the newcomer at once, and he feels just like good, active work. After building up a large wood pile he goes to the lumber mills and buys the material for his house at $7 and $10 per thousand. Building stone is plenty and bricks are close by. Located right in the midst of the irrigated lands, where crops are sure and the land owner knows what to depend on, it can readily be seen that this town, like many others in the State, has a good outlook with promise of speedy returns for capital invested. The agriculturist who is looking for an ideal farming: country; cattle and sheep producers who are desirous for the most advantageous conditions for stock raising; the business man who is seeking the new town full of promise, with the growing sur- roundmg. country; and those broken in health who seek a favorable climate, will find good openings right liere m Wheatland. And we might speak of rnany other little villages just as approvingly as this. The lands are selling here at .$22 and .$;15 per acre. Ten years' time is given with equal annual payments at G per cent interest. No payment except the interest has to be made the second year, which gives the settler an opportunity to pay for his farm even though his means be limited. PLENTY OF WATER. A perpetual water right goes with each piece of land, and the purchaser of a Wheatland farm cannot be deprived of an equal water right with every other land holder any more than he can be deprived of the land itself. The land and water go together. When the lands and water have all been sold, the irrigation works will be absolutely under the control of those holding lands in the colony. CONDENSED IMPORTANT FACTS RELATING TO WYOMING. Altitude — Highest, Fremont Peak, in Wind River Range, Fremont County, 13,790 feet. Climate — Temper.ature varies with elevation. Win- ters severe 'n higher altitudes, coinparatively mild in the sheltered valleys. Average annual tempera- ture for the stats 44". Average, January, at Fort Washakie, on the Shoshone Reservation in Fremont County, 10 above; July 67; warmest, 100; coldest, 54 below. Average, January, at Cheyenne, 25 above; July, 67. Warmest, 100. Coldest, 38 below. Yearly rainfall, 12.2 inches. Dimensions — Length, north to south, 275 miles. Width, east to west, 365 miles. Area of the state, 97..S'.I0 square miles. History — Territory partly included in the Louis- iana Purchase of 1803. Territory taken from Da- kota, Idaho and Utah and organized July 25, 1868. Explored by Fremont about 1842. FACTS OF INTEREST ABOUT WYOUHNG. Yellowstone National Park occupies the northwest corner of the State of Wyoming and strips of the adjacent states — Idaho and Montana. In 1872, by Act of Congress, this portion of the Rocky Moun- tains was set aside as a national park, "for the benefit and enjoyment of the people." It is rectangular in shape, flfty-five by sixty-five miles in size — the greater dimension running north and south; it embraces practically three and one- half thousand square miles. Snow-clad mountains within and adjacent to the Park range in eleva- tion from ten to fourteen thousand feet above sea- level; while the Park stage route ascends from 6,700 feet at Yellowstone Station, to an aUitude of 8,300 feet in crossing the Continental Divide. No- where in the world are there geysers to compare, either in magnitude or number, with those in Yel- lowstone Park. The terraces and beautiful pools of Mammoth even surpass those in New Zealand. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is unsurpassed in beauty and coloring; and the Great Falls, at its head, is three hundred and sixty feet in height. The acting superintendent of the park is the com- manding officer of Fort Yellowstone, a four-company post. Mounted guards escort the coaches on the tour; and scouts are employed to protect the game. Hunting is not permitted in the park, but the vis- itor may ejoy trout fishing in mountain streams and Yellowstone Lake, where it is exceptionally good. The animals have government protection. The rock- formations and deposits are preserved in their nat- ural state. The road system, under the direct supervision of Government engineers, is one of the best in the country. The cost is defrayed by annual Congres- sional appropriations, and no pains have been spared to make the grades easy, and the roads so wide that coaches can pass at pract'cali.y every pomt. Steel and concrete bridges span the streams, doing away with fords and making .iccessible to the tourist many sights heretofore inaccessible. The roads are sprinkled and kept constantly in repair. PARK ANI3IALS, The animals of the Park are objects of peculiar interest. No sound of gun or bark of dog is ever heard, and the animals, though wild, have become so tame that they give only curious notice to tourists as they pass. Deer, elk and bear roam at will throughout Geyserland. The red squirrel and the chipmunk scamper along the roadway, and those furry little bundles, the woodchucks, flatten out on the rocks and take no heed of your passing. It is an everyday sight to see deer and their young by the roadside, and now and then you get a glimpse of an antlered elk, with his family of cows, swiin- ming the streams of (he Park. So much has been accomplished by law in robbing man of his terrors I to the wild, that all of the animals in the Park, except those that — like the mountain lion and sheep — frequent places inaccessible to travelers, have well nigh lost their fears. The bears, some of them wrapped in robes that would command a fancy price, come down in the evening from their homes in the hills to feed around the hotels. The after-dinner entertainment they afford to guests is an everyday pleasure. EDUCATION. Wyoming was the first state to grant political rights to men and women, and it is but natural that the subject of education should receive the most profound attention. The schools of Wyoming are second to none, and in each county of the state every facility is extended to the children, however isolated are their homes, to secure an education. Schools are provided where there are even a very small number of pupils, and in all large towns are good high schools, which fit the young people foi the State University. The University of Wyoming. located at Laramie, is an admirable institution, which offers splendid courses in literature, science and art, as well as in mining, mechanical and irrigation engineering, agri- culture and commerce Bulletins are issued by the University from time to time on topics of general interest to farmers and others, and are sent free upon request to all who will apply for them. BUFFALO BILL. Last Appearance as a Showman. A Richmond, Va., newspaper says: Richmond, Va., Nov. 1. 1911. — Colonel William F. Cody — "Buffalo Bill" to all the world — retired from public life tonight. His show was packed off to winter quarters and his Indians will return to their tepees in what is left of the red man's land, while "Buffalo Bill" intends to spend his remaining ye;us in the Wyoming Big Horn country, where he help.il make American history. So far as public exhibitions are concerned he has chased his last Indian. During a career which began as a pony express rider, led him through more Indian battles than any other living white man, and included twenty-eight years as a showman. Colonel Cody became known as one of the most picturesque figures of American frontier life. The sobriquet "Buffalo Bill" he earned in the early GOs, when he contracted to furnish buffalo meat to the laborers building the Kansas Pacific Railroad and in less than eighteen months killed 4.2S0 bison. 225 Wyoming a State Rich in Minerals and Natural Resources at Pittsburg, is 74, at Cheyenne it is 07; the warm- est at Pittsburg is 103, the warmest at Cheyenne is 100. The coldest at Pittsburg is 20 below zero, while the coldest at Cheyenne is 38 below. In Penn- sylvania the annual average temperature is 53.9, while in "Wyoming it is 44.0. But the average ele- vation of 6,000 feet above sea level makes an air so dry as to relieve cold weather of the disagreeable tinge of cold, which is experienced in a moist at- mosphere. The climate here is similar to the moimtaln region of Italy and is not severe in winter. There are lew cloudy days. Winds sometimes prevail during the spring and fall, but cyclones and tornadoes are un- known. Snowstorms are usually followed by Chinook winds from the Pacific ocean which, with their warmth, uncover the pastures, so that live stock get the benefit of the grasses cured by the summer sun, and as the cured native grasses retain their nutri- tion, it enables the stockman to support his stock upon the open range with little, and in the case of sheep raising, no additional food. But few climates are more bracing, healthful or pleasant than the cli- mate of the mountain region of the western states. The almost constant sunlight is not only pleasant, but beneficial from a sanitary standpoint, and it is a well recognized fact in the medical profession, that certain diseases, notably pulmonary afflictions, are much benefited by change from the states of lower altitudes to Wyoming or adjacent states. Gold, copper and coal mining, petroleum produc- tion and raising live stock are the most important business interests of the State up to the present time. RICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES. The State is destined in the very near future to become the richest, in its diversified natural re- sources, of any State in the Union. The minerals are here in quantity. There are vast coal fields as yet unopened and "subject to entry under the LTnited States statutes. There is an enormous area of oil land, most of which is still open for location. There are mountains of iron ore. There is probably more copper than in any other state — veins from four to twenty-five feet wide, running from 15 per cent to 70 per cent, and many rich gold-bearing lodes. Hot springs abound, which not only equal but surpass the famous Carlsbad Springs of Europe. The analysis of the waters and the results of their use have" demonstrated this to be true. BETTER TRANSPORTATION NECESSARY. The only thing necessary to make the state all and more than is claimed for it is more transporta- tion facilities — railroads operated in the interest of local development and not solely for trans-continen- tal traffic — more capital invested on a business basis, and more men of brains, push and honest purpose. To all such Wyoming extends a hearty greeting and a co-operative hand. In Albany County there is over .$2,000,000 invested In live stock and just to the south end of the city of Laramie are the Acme Cement Company's works, which owns a thousand acres of plaster land which has a deposit of natural plaster from six to eight feet in thickness. The output is about ten cars per Large shops are here used for the purpose of pre- serving railroad ties by a process which is said to prolong their life two and a half times. A large quantity of limestone is shipped to the beet sugar plants and smelters of Colorado from quarries just to the east of Laramie. This limestone is the purest discovered in the United States and Is practically inexhaustible. It was used some years ago in the manufacture of glass. All the other in- gredients for the manufacture of glass of a superior quality are found at Laramie and it is within the realm" of reason to predict that this industry will soon be in a flourishing condition at this point. At the State Fisherv, located at this point, more than a million of small fry are hatched annually and distributed among the streams of the state. WHY CALLED BIG HORN. Big Horn County is named from the Big Horn or Rocky Mountain sheep, which abound in the Big Horn Mountains, on the east side of the Big Horn Basin. It is anticipated that at an early day, among other enterprises, a beet sugar factory will be estab- lished in this county, 400,000 acres of land being soon pla-:-ed under irrigating ditches. All the roots, vege- tables, such as potatoes, carrots, rutabagas and foods of all kinds thrive excellently well up to 6,500 feet elevation. It is not uncommon for beets to attain a weight of ten and fifteen pounds and be solid to the core. HOT SPRINGS HERE. The Big Horn hot springs in this county are cer- tain to be widely celebrated. From the main spring a stream seven feet wide and two feet deep, with a temperature of 13o degrees F., flows continually. It possesses strong curative properties. Carbon County is named from the immense coal deposits which underlie the county. The Saratoga hot spring waters in this county, having a tempera- ture of 135 degrees Fahrenheit, have strong medic- inal qualities beneficial to the stomach and kidneys, and when bottled is a pure and pleasant water to drink. These springs are in an ideal place for a summer resort and sanitarium. The streams here abound in trout and the region Is waiting the com- ing of parties who will utilize the locality for resort purposes. GREAT SIZE OF VEGETABLES. Converse County, named after a prominent cattle- man of that nanie, has a record for producing on the irrigated lands here several hundred bushels of potatoes to the acre; pumpkin and squash which reach a weight of 100 and 160 pounds. Coal, iron and copper are among the principal mineral prod- ucts of this county. Large oil fields are in this county and gas has been struck here in commercial quantities. THE MINERAL PRODUCTS. Placer mining is going forward in Crook County. Gold, silver, tin, copper, lead, manganese and bitu- minous coal are found here also in considerable quantity. Three improved flouring mills are in Fremont County. Coal is here in great quantity; also a num- ber of flowing oil wells. In Johnson County there are 30,000 acres under irrigation and 200,000 acres are susceptible of irriga- tion and only await the advent of the industrious settler who can here obtain a good home cheap. Pasture lands sell for $2; irrigated from .$15 to $25. Gold, silver, copper and oil are here in large quan- tities, but are not worked yet from lack of trans- portation facilities. Water power is also here for a hundred factories. Cheyenne, the county seat of Laramie County, has a population of 14,000; two daily newspapers; the capitol building, costing $300,000; postoffice, $350,000; Opera House, $80,000; Elks' Home, $30,- 000; Masonic Temple, $50,000; convent school, $50,000. In the northern half of Laramie County the Wy- oming Development Company has reclaimed a hun- dred thousand acres of arid land for the Wheatland Colony. Parties wishing to study large and superior systems of irrigation and the beneficial results should come into Wyoming. Independent of the general government, these improvements have been going forward in this region for years. With the assist- ance of the government every valley and broad pla- teau, located lower than a stream, will be given the benefit of water supply in regular quantities some day in the future. That newspaper men, who are abreast of the times, great readers and know what is going on, are alive to the future possibilities of this state is shown in the many newspapers of the state estab- lished in small towns in the full belief that the towns will be many times larger. This is seen in the little town of Wheatland, which has a popula- tion of 800 and two newspapers. But these papers are on hand to get the advantage and be on the ground floor when the town numbers a population of 8,000. To show how a little village of 800 people in Wyoming will push right along in business enter- prise, look at the directory of Wheatland. Three churches — Methodist, Congregational and Catholic; a library and good library building; a telephone ex- change "and connections with all towns in Wyoming, Colorado. Utah and Idaho; five general stores; drug store, two livery stables, two hotels, one bank, a harness and saddle manufacturing establishment, two blacksmith and carriage shops, five secret or- ders, a good hall and modern roller mill with a capacity of 125 barrels a day. PLENTY OF E3IPLOY1MENT. Among the primary reasons for the future growth and prosperity of such a town as this Is the fact that there is plentv of employment for every person at good pay in the business houses or out in the field helping to harvest the products grown in the sunshine on the irrigated lands. 226 1 Wyoming, a Wonderfully Interesting Region to Visit CANALS CONSTRICTED. The State Land Board has taken especial and practical interest in furthering the interest of the settlers. The state and national governments afford perfect protection for capital invested and to the settler for title to his land and the perpetuity of his water right. There is no possibility of loss to the individual investors or the settlers. The soil, cli- mate and altitude of Wyoming are especially adapted to the most profitable crops grown by irrigation. LIST OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS. The Cody Canal Association, Cody, "VVyo. The Big Horn Basin Colonization Co., Cowley. Wyo. The Big Horn County Irrigation Co., Basin, Wyo. Hanover Canal Co., Worland, Wyo. North Platte Canal and Colonization Co., Wyn- cotte, Wyo., and James Lak-j Irrigation Co., Laramie. Wyo. All have practically completed their projects and sold out their lands. There are. however, sev- eral companies which are ready for settlers and information in regard to the lands can be secured by writing to the following: Sahara Ditch Company, Buffalo, Wyo. Boulder Lake Canal Co., Boulder or Rock Springs. Wyo. Lovell Irrigation Co., Lovell, Wyo. Wheatland Industrial Co., Cheyenne or Wheat- land, Wyo. Rock Creek Conservation Co., Rock River, Wyo. Wyoming Land & Irrigation Co., Marquette Bldg., Chicago. La Prele Ditch & Reservoir Co., Douglas. Wyo. North Laramie Land Company, Uva, Wyo. Lake View Irrigation Co., Cody, Wyo. Uinta County Irrigation Co., Marbleton, Wyo. There are a dozen other oompanies having proj- ects in more or less advanced stages of development and some of them will no doubt have lands avail- able for contract during the season of lUll. Two of the largest irrigation enterprises in the west are the Oregon Basin project comprising about 200,00(1 acres of land in Big Horn County, between Cody and Greybull, Wyoming and the Central Wyoming proj- ect on the Indian Reservation near Rivcrton in Fre- mont Countj', which will reclaim over 300.000 acres. At this time propositions are being made to the State Land Board for the building of the necessary irrig.ation systems and it is hoped that these two projects, which are probably the best in the west, will be begun during the season of 11)11. By writ- ing: to tlie Commissioner of I'ublio Lands, Cheyenne, you can secure the biennial report of that depart- ment for the period expiring September 30, 1910, which will give a full statement of the present con- dition of each and every irrigation project. CHEYENNE. Tlie capital eity of Wyoming: and the county seat of Laramie County has a population of 11,320 and adjoins Fort Russell, one of the four largest military posts in the United States, which has a minimum population of about 3.500. An electric railway con- nects the Fort with the city. For tlie nse of the Fort and the city one of the finest gravity water systems in the United States has been built embracing five storage reservoirs which will afford a pure and abundant water sup- ply for domestic irrigation and nianufacturing pur- poses. A home building and loan association with $500,000 assets has enabled many people of mod- erate means to build and own their own homes. "The I'lalns," a large hotel which would be a credit to any city, wss completed January 10, 1911, and represents an investment of $300,000, and several other smaller hotels have recently been built in ad- dition to those which have heretofore taken care of the people, so that in future Cheyenne will be able to care for the large tourist travel. One thousand skilled mechanics are employed in the Union Pacific shops. The State Capitol, the $400,000 Federal Building. Catholic Cathedral, Elks' Home, Masonic Temple and magnificent church, school and library buildings in the city are the source of constant admiration to visitors. The Park s.vsteni of Chey- enne is a credit to the community. The annual Frontier celebration is known wherever the English language is spoken and every year attracts parties from outside of the limits of the United States. The climate of Che.venne and its altitude are the same as that of Colorado Springs, Colorado. Surrounding the town are excellent roads which extend in every direction and which are available for automobile travel, affording excellent trout fishing within a few hot! rs ride. Cheyenne has many manufacturing establishments. Its pressed brick plant is supplying millions of brick to the surrounding country. A modern packing house offers a ready market for all the hogs and cattle of the vicinity. The Govern- ment and State £.\periniental I arms show the results . /^n'A'"^ larmmg and irrigation methods, and over '« J;,.P^°P''^ ^^'^"^"^ settled on farms in the vicinity of Cheyenne in the last few years. The Cheyenne industrial Club, composed of 300 live citizens is always ready to give information to prospective homeseekers or investors. l^T^^O.AUNG AT A GL.AXCE. From Wyoming Commercial Club Circular. Area, 97,890 square miles. Average temperature, 4-1 degrees. Wool clip worth $C,000,000. Peerless in its educational facilities. Area of coal land, 20,000 square miles. Cattle, 700,000, worth $14,000,000. Highest grade of solt coal knov.-n. Finest trout fishing known to mortal man. Mean elevaticn, G.OOO feet above sea level. Area covered with timber, 10,000.000 acres. Tons of stream tin have been mined and sold. Lofty mountains, rolling plains, vast plateaus. Iron, copper and coal enough for a vast empire. Five million head of sheep, valued at $17,500,000. Finest natural plaster on earth, manufactured at Laramie. Area subject to irrigation and cultivation, lO.OoO,- 000 acres. Father of modern irrigation law and the reclama- tion act. Foremost in the application of the Carey desert land act. Hundreds of miles of railroad construction laid out for the future. Nutritious grasses, furnishing abundance of feed for live stock. One hundred cars per day of iron ore shipped from Sunrise to Pueblo, Colo. Natural gas in commercial quantities discovered southwest of Douglas. Average interest rate in Wyoming, about 8 per cent, indicating good business conditions and a strong demand for money. Gilt-edged security, of course, brings money at a lower rate. In round numbers, the life insurance policies aggregate $5,000,000. Great opportunities for making money in sheep, cattle and horses. Greatest wonderland of the world, the Yellowstone National Park. All the materials necessary for the manufacture of the finest glass. Coal mines are being operated in all the counties of the state, save one. Area subject to entry under the land laws of the United States, 48,000,000. The property of Wyoming is insured against fire to the extent of $7,000,000. Most famous rendezvoux in the world for large game; the hunter's paradise. Source or the Columbia, the Missouri, the Colorado, the Rio Grande and the Platte. One million acres of land now being reclaimed under government and private enterprises. Vast iron deposits, sccoml to no State in the Union, cheaply mined and hi.gh in value. Finest hot springs on earth, equal to Carlsbad in mineral properties, located at Thermopolis and Saratoga. All the mountain ranges contain gold and silver deposits, awaiting the hand of the prospector and the miner. Resources practically undeveloped. Greatest field on the continent for moneyed men to get in on the ground floor. Sulphur, asbestos and plumbago are among the minerals discovered in quantities considered com- mercially valuable. Grand opportunity for making. money in the fat- tening of lambs upon field peas and alfalfa raised upon Wyoming soil. The rate of taxation throughout the state has decreased in the aggregate during the past ten years two mills on the dollar. Semi-anthracite coal has been discovered in John- son County, and coking coal has been discovered in two or three localities, notably at Newcastle. County bonds have sold as low as 4 per cent; school district bonds, 41,2 Poi" <:•?"' and municipal bonds at the same price, showing in the most con- cluLive manner that the credit of the state Is veiy high. 227 An Expert^s Advice on the Fertilization of Land HOW TO RESTORE FERTILITY TO WORN-OUT SOILS The Restoration of Fertility to Worn-out Land Being a Matter of Importance to All Tillers of Soil, We Publish the Following Information for Land Cultivators, Issued by the U. S. Bureau of Agriculture at Washington. These Directions About Land Culture Come In a Pamphlet Entitled RENOVATION OF WORN-OUT LAND By W. J. Spillman, Asriculturist in charge of Farm Management Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry. Assisted by Dr. J. A. Bonsteel of Bureau of Soils Industry. A summary of subjects treated includes: Differ- ences in Natural »rtility — Nature of the Soil — Mineral Plant I'ood — Nitrogen Compounds — Soil Moisture and Humus — Soil Air — Substances Thrown Off in the Soil by Growing Plants — Ettects of Tillage — Effect of Plowing Soil When Too Wet or Too Dry — Terracing and Soil Washing — Improving the Soil — Increasing the Stock of Humus — Stable 3Ianure — Green Manures — Crimson Clover — Vetches — Kye — Cowpeas — Miscellaneous Green Manure Crops — Types of farming That Build I'p the Soil Quickly. PRELIMINARY REMARKS For nearly two centuries after the advent of the white man in America farming was confined to a narrow strip of land adjacent to the Atlantic; the poDulation was sparse, and when a field became worn out the near-by woodland was cleared. As population increased, the younger generation crossed the AUeghenies, beginning the tide of migration which has moved westward until the present time, but which has now occupied nearly all of the easily available lands from the AUeghenies to the Pacific. In its westward course this advancing host farmed virgin soils for a century. The marvelous develop- ment which has occurred in this country during the past century was made possible by the abundant fertility of the new lands brought under cultivation and the consequent abundance and cheapness of farm products. So long as plenty of fertile land remamed unoc- cupied in the West the exhaustion of the older land in the East was a matter of concern only to the farmers of the older settled communities. But now we are confronted by the necessity of tilling soils whose ability to produce satisfactory crops has been greatly impaired. There is even a perceptible flow of immigration from the high-priced lands of the Middle West to the depleted lands of the Atlantic seaboard. This has been made possible by the re- cent remarkable development of agricultural science, which has demonstrated the feasibility of restormg lertilitv to exhausted soils. Agricultural science is also responsible for the present movement from the city to the country. The conditions of country lite have been alleviated; the farm has been made at- tractive bv adding the zest of intellectual occupation in the splendid agricultural literature of the day; and farming, when intelligently followed, has been made profitable, even on lands that were formerly unproductive. DIFFERENCES IN NATLRAi FERTILITY. There is a vast difference in the natural fertility of soils. Some do not produce well from the start unless special attention is given to making them productive; others produce large crops for a short time and then rapidly diminish in fertility; while others known as strong soils, remain productive for many years without attention to their fertility. But even the strongast soils will wear out in time unless they are intelligently managed. Curiously enough, as the tide of migration went westward in this coun- try, the settlers found soils of increasing natural fertility as thev went, and in each new settlement the opinion prevailed that the soil was inexhaustible. But even the strong soils of the western prairies have now been cropped with grain and abused by improper methods of tillage until they show signs of approaching exhaustion. Fortunately, while the rich soils of the West were being depleted of their fertility, the development of agricultural science was going forward with rapid strides, and, while there is much yet to learn about the soil, we now know, in a general way, the steps necessarv to build up and maintain soil fertility. In fact, soils that were originally only moderately pro- ductive, and that have been rendered almost sterile by improper methods of farming, can be made richer than they ever were. NATURE OF THE SOLL. In order to understand the methods necessary for restoring worn-out soils, let us consider what occurs in a fertile soil that is growing a large crop. Imagine a cubic inch of ordinary field soil magnified into a cubic mile. It would then present very much the appearance of a mass of rocks varying froin the size of a pea to masses several feet in diameter. Scat- tered among these rock masses would be many pieces of decaying plant roots and other organic matter, resembling rotting logs in a mass of stones and gravel. The masses of organic matter would be found to contain large quantities of water, and to somewhat resemble wet sponges, while every mass of rock would have a layer of water covering its sur- face. The open spaces between the solid masses would be filled with air. If a crop were growing on this soil, its roots would be found threading their way among the masses or rock and decaying roots, and pushing these aside by the pressure exerted by the growing root. Froin the surface of the growing root, near its tip, small hol- low threads (the root hairs) extend into the open spaces and suck up the water covering the rock par- ticles. The root hairs are not open at the end; they absorb the water through their walls. The plant food is dissolved in this water, but is usually present in exceedingly small quantities. While the plant is growing a constant stream of water flows up through it and evaporates at its leaves. For every pound of growth in dry matter made by the plant, from 300 to 800 pounds of water flow up through it. The plant food substances dissolved in the soil water may be divided into two classes, according to their ultimate source. MINERAL PLANT FOOD. Plants in their growth make use of thirteen chem- ical elements, nine of which they secure directly from the soil. These are called the mineral plant foods; they are phosphorus, potassium, calciuin. mag- nesium, sodium, iron, silicon, chlorin and sulphur. We have already seen that the soil consists mainly of small particles of rock. The rock particles are of many kinds, but nearly all kinds contain more or less potassium, calcium, phosphoric acid, etc. Every year the soil water dissolves off a thin surface layer from each particle. Plants appropriate this water and thus secure mineral plant food. Many generations of plants have thus been collect- ing their small toll of food from the soil and storing it up in their tissues. The amount of plant food made ready for plant use during each growing sea- son through tlie slow solution of the mineral par- ticles of the soil is doubtless supplemented to a con- siderable degree by the same kinds of material set free from the organic matter also found in the soil- that is, the mineral matter originally secured from the dissolved minerals, but built into plants during some former season, may again be used by other plants when the old matter is given an opportunity to decay in the soil. These foods derived directly from the mineral matter of the soil and indirectly from it through the growth, death, decay, and re- turn of former crops, are also supplemented in many cases by the application of mineral matter in the form of commercial fertilizers. 228 1 Effects of Moisture, Air and Cultivati ion BEST KINDS OF MANURE IN RENOVATING SOIL Growing Crops to Plow Under NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. In addition to tlie nine elements already men- tioned, the growing plant requires four other ele- ments, as follows: Hydrogen, which it secures from water (water is a compound of hydrogen and oxy- gen); oxygen, which it secures partly from water and partly from the air; carbon, which is secured from carbonic-acid gas in the air; and nitrogen. Nitrogen is in many respects the most important of all the plant-food elements. It is not found in appreciable quantities in the rock particles of the soil. Ordinarily plants depend for their nitrogen entirely on decaying organic matter.. As decay pro- ceeds nitrates are formed from the nitrogen con- tamed in organic matter. The nitrates are exceed- ingly soluble, and unless soon made use of by growing crops they are washed out of the soil. Nitrogen is therefore usually the first element to become exhausted in the soil. rortiinately, there are certain species of bacteria that can use atmospheric nitrogen, of which there is an inexhaustible supply. One family of plants — the legumes — has learned to excliange work with these bacteria, and these plants are thus easily sup- plied with an abundance of nitrogen in a form they can use. When these nitrogen-flxing bacteria are present in a soil on which a leguminous crop is growing, the bacteria invade the roots of the legume and live there. Their presence is usually made manifest by swellings — the so-called tubercles — on the roots of thrifty plants of clover, alfalfa, beans, peas, and other legumes. Nitrogen from the soil air filters into the roots, where the bacteria appropriate it, manufacture an abundance of nitrates, and give a portion to the plant in exchange for starch. The tissues of leguminous plants become very rich in nitrogenous compounds, and when they decay in the soil they set free large amounts of nitrates for the use of any crop which may be growing at the time. The cultivation of leguminous crops is one of the most important and econoinical means of maintain- ing a supply of nitrogenous plant food in the soil. Nitrates may, of course, be supplied in commercial fertilizers; but fertilizers containing nitrogen are very expensive, and it usually pays better to supply nitrogen by growing legumes or by the application of stable manure, which is rich in nitrogen when properly handled. In good farm practice both stable manure and leguminous crops are used as sources ol nitrogen. SOIL MOISTURE AND HUMUS. In order to produce a ton of dry hay on an acre of land it is necessar>- that the growing grass pump up from that acre approximately 500 tons of water. In order to supply this enormous quantity of water, the soil must not only be in condition to absorb and hold water well, but it must be porous enough to permilt water tj flow freely from soil grain to soil grain. The presence of large quantities of decaying organic matter (humus) adds enormously to the \\ater-holding capacity of the soil. One ton of humus will absorb 2 tons of water and give it up readily to growing crops. Not only that, but the shrinkage of the particles of decaying organic mat- ter and the consequent loosening of soil grains keep the soil open and porous. Furthermore, humus of good quality is exceed- ingly rich in both nitrogen and mineral plant food. The maintenance of fertility may almost be said to consist in keeping the soil well supplied with humus. Tlie tirst step in renovating worn-out soils is to give them an abundant supply of humus of good quality. Perhaps the best source of humus is stable manure containing both the liquid and the solid excrement, especially when the stock are fed rich nitrogenous foods. Even a poor quality of barnyard manure, which has had much of the plant food leached out of it. has considerable value because of the humus it makes. Another cheap and valuable source of humus, but one which must be used understandingly. is crops grown to turn under as manure. The legumes are especially valuable for this purpose because of the nitrogen thes' contain, but other crops, such as rye, and even corn sown thick, may sometimes be made to supply large quantities of humus of fair quality. Crops thus used are called green manures. They are more fully discussed farther on (p. 12t. SOIL AIR. A proper circulation of air in the soil is just as important as any other factor of plant growth. Nearly hall of the volume of ordinary soils is occu- pied by air spaces. The air spaces in the soil wind in and out between the soil particles, just as they do in a pile of larger stones. It the layer of water on the Kurtace of the soil grains becomes so thick as to stop the air passages here and there the soil IS then too wet tor most crops and needs drainage Plants have no special breathing organs, the oxygen required in their breathing finding entrance all over the surface of the plant. Plant roots must there- fore be .supplied with air, and hence the soil must be porous enough to permit of free circulation of air. A good supply of humus and proper tillage will accomplish this result in clay soils. Sandy soils are usually too porous, needing humus to help them re- tain water. Another reason why air must circulate freely in the toil is that large quantities of oxygen are re- quired to insure proper decay of organic matter to supply plant food. Also, carbonic-acid gas is pro- duced by the decay or organic matter, and this must escape easily to make room for the atmospheric oxygen needed in the soil. The movement of air in the soil is frequently shown by the bubbles which appear at the surface of the soil just after a hard rain. As the water soaks into the soil it drives the air out, and bubbles may be seen at the surface if water enough is present to form them. One of the most important objects of plowing is to loosen up the soil and mix fresh air with it. SUBST.4NCES THRO>^'N OFF IN THE SOIL BY GKOniNG PL.INTS. Considerable evidence has been accumulated during recent years to show that the cause of the failure of some soils to produce satisfactory crops may be ascribed to unfavorable conditions produced in the soils by the plants themselves. It is thought that during the growth of the plant certain unknown organic substances are given off which, when they accumulate in the soil to any extent, are harmful to the further growth of plants of the kind that pro- duced them. It is possible that some of the benefits known to arise from systematic crop rotation may be explained on this basis. TheSe harmful sub- stances seem to be disposed of rapidly by certain soils, usually those in which organic matter is readily converted into humus. Other soils, usually marked by a lack of the brown carbonized organic matter, do not seem to possess this property of re- moving harmful plant products to such a degree. This idea is in accord with the common experience that dark-colored soils, well filled with organic mat- ter, are usually very productive. In connection with the stud.v of these poisonous organic products, it has been found that they may be destroyed or at least rendered harmless in a variety of ways. Barnyard manure or decaying or- ganic matter, such as a green crop of rye or cow- peas, turned under has a very marked effect in freeing the soil from them. .Vlmost all of the common commercial fertilizing materials act more or less in the same way. Commercial fertilizers for soil improvement have, therefore, another value besides adeling plant food. Thorough and complete airing of the soil will often destroy or overcome these poisonous substances. The beneficial effects of plowing and of thorough surface tillage are thus e.xplaincd. in part at least, on the basis of the thorough aeration secured. When the same crop is not grown oftener than every three or four years on the same land the injurious substances a crop throws off seem to have time to disappear before the same crop is grown again: hence the benefit from crop rotation. When the soil is well supplied with humus there is seldom any trouble from thls source. and the same crop may be grown year aft'-r year with good yields, though continuous cultivation of the same crop may invite injury from certain in- sects and fungous diseases which live over in the soil or in the remains of the crop. EFFECTS OF TIIX.4GE. Improper methods of tillage add very greatly to the evil effects that result from lack of humus. In many parts of the country the land Is plowed only 229 Treatment of New Land When First Broken PLOWING— WHEN TO PLOW— DEPTH TO PLOW Effect of Plowing When Soil Is Too Wet 3 or 4 inches deep. Below the plowed stratum the soil becomes sour, densely packed, and unfit for plant roots. When such soils are plowed deep and this sour packed subsoil is mixed with the upper portion, the growth of many crops is greatly re- tarded. This has led many farmers to believe that deep plowing is ruinous. Some farmers have tried to reraedy the difficulty by subsoiling. Tlie subsoil plow breaks up the packed layer but does not throw it out on top. But while subsoiling: does break up the hard layer into chunks it does not pulverize it or put humus into it. In most cases work done in subsoiling is practically wasted, and it is doubtful if it ever pays. A much better method is to plow a little deeper each year until a depth of 8 or 10 inches is reached. This gives a deep layer of good soil, particularly if the supply of humus is kept up. When new soil, or that which has lain, undisturbed for several years, is broken up. it is always best to plow deep from the beginning, for the deeper layers will be about as fertile as any. except the top inch or two. It is wise, too, never to plow the same depth twice in succession. In general, fall plowing should be from 7 to 9 or 10 inches and spring plowing from 5 to 7 inches deep. There are special cases in which these rules do not apply, but their discussion would take us too far from the purpose of this paper. We plow the soil in order to loosen up its texture and get air into it; also to turn under stubble, manure, etc., to make hjamus. Killing weeds is an- other object accomplished by plowing. After a soil has been thoroughly pulverized to great depths, so that there is no danger of turning up packed clay, the deeper the plowing the better the crops. But the cost also increases with depth, so that ordinarily it does not pay to plow more than about 10 inches deep. Some crops prefer rather a loose seed bed. Millet is such a crop. Farmers sometimes plow a second time in order to sow millet on freshly plowed land. Other crops, such as wheat and alfalfa, prefer a fairly compact seed bed; hence, frequent harrowing and rolling after plowing is good practice before seeding to these crops. Nevertheless, it pays to plow the land for them, even if we have to compact it again before seeding. The plowing aerates the soil and helps to set plant food free. EFFECT OF PLOWING SOIL WHEN TOO WT:T OK TOO DKY. Sand.v soils are usually not injured by handling when wet; but the case is different with clay soils. A fair Quality of brick can be made from any heavy clay soil by working it thoroughly when wet and then drying it in the sun. The effect produced by working clay soils wet is known as puddling. Irrigation ditches in the West are puddled by first flooding them to make them muddy and then driving bands of sheep along in this mud. This makes the bottom impervious to water and prevents loss from leakage. If a clay soil is plowed, or even harrowed, when too wet it is more or less puddled. In this condition it becomes cloddy and impervious to air and water. Old roadways that have been thoroughly puddled from traffic in all kinds of weather may be distinguished In fields many years after they have been plowed up and put Into cultivation. The proper time to plow l.nnd is when it is just moist enough to break up mellow, neither wet enough to leave a slick surface where rubbed by the mold- board nor dry enough to break up in large clods; or, as the southern farmer puts it, when the soil has a good season in it. If continued rain follows wet plowing, little harm follows; but hot. dry winds would soon leave only a mass of unmanageable clods. In spring and midsummer plowing, particularly, it is of the utmost importance to run the harrow imme- diately after the plow. This prevents the formation of clods. In late fall plowing, the clods are no disadvantage, for they will be broken up by freezing and thawing during the winter. TERRACING AND SOIL WASHING. One of the most serious results that follow shallow plowing, at least in hilly regions, is the washing away of the soil in torrential rains. In some sections particularly in the southern portion of the Appa- lachian Mountain region, farmers have attempted to counteract this by means of terraces. Much of the farm land in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Alabama is nothing but a series of stair steps. When terraces are properly laid out they do prevent washing, but they are a very expensive means of accomplishing the end sought. They occupy land that ought to be in crops. They seed the land with weeds. When improperly constructed, and they usually are, they cause great ditches to be washed in the hillsides. Besides this they cut the land up into small, irregu- lar patches and greatly increase the cost of tillage. There is a better way of preventing washing in neirly all cases. In the ttrst place, where land has been plowed only 3 or 4 inches deep for several years the subsoil be- comes impervious to water and can not absorb a heavy rainfall fast enough to prevent its flowing over the surface. But when the land is plowed gradually deeper until a good depth of loose soil is obtained, and particularly when an abundance of humus is supplied from grass roots and stubble, or from green crops turned under, or, better still, from barnyard manure, the soil becomes so porous that the heaviest rains cause little or no flowing of water on the surfcioe. Striking illustrations of this fact are to be found on the farm of Mr. W. L. William- son, of .Jackson County, Ga., and on the farm of Rev. J. D. Detrich, described in the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1003 under the title "A Model Farm." In the Yearbook paper re- feried to. illustrations are shown of two fields lying side by side, both in rye. The pictures were taken within a few feet of each other. In one two large ditches had just been filled with dirt. In the other there was no tendency to wash. Mr. Williamson's farm is located in a region where terracing is very general. Since he abandoned cotton culture and began dairying he has plowed up all his terraces, and his land does not wash. He plows deep and manures heavily. But it is possible to accomplish similar results, even on a farm largely devoted to cotton, by deep plowing and the use of green manures to supply humus. mPRO\TNG THE SOIL. W^e have seen that poverty in soil may be due to poor texture, unfavorable structure, lack of humus, deficiencies in the amount, form, or proportion of plant food, and to the presence of harmful mineral and organic compounds. WMth the exception of nitrogen, most soils, even those that are very poor, usually contain an abundant supply of plant food, though sometimes other elements are lacking or are present only in those forms that plants can not use. To increase fertllit.v we must improve texture and add plant food and humus. Tillage may do much to improve texture, but tillage alone will not suffice. We must add humus. In doing so we add plant food, and make the soil more permeable to air and water. INCREASING THE STOCK OF HUMUS. There are three general methods of supplying humus to the soil. The first and best is the addition of stable manure. When properly managed it adds large quantities of both plant food and humus. But manure is not always available. When such is the case, the best thing to do is to mako it available. Raise more forage, keep more stock, and make more manure. But this takes time and ca;jital, so that other means are sometimes necessary. When stable manure is not to be had. we may pl.ant crops for the purpose of turning them under, thus adding large quantities of humus at comparativ.ely little cost. Plowing imder green crops is called green manuring. Under certain conditions this is an excellent prac- tice. Crops adapted to this purpose and the method of using them are discussed farther on (p. 12). A third method of adding humus is to grow crops like clover and timothy. These crops are usually left down for two years or more. During this time their roots thoroughly penetrate the soil. Old roots decay and new ones grow. When the sod is plowed up. more or less vegetable matter is turned under. This, with the mass of roots in the soil, adds no small amount to the supply of humus. Another ad- vantage from the cultivation of clovers and alfalfa is found in the fact that they are deep-rooted plants, and when their roots decay they leave channels deep 230 The Careful Saving of All Manures HOW TO GET BEST RESULTS IN MANURING The Waste of Manure Or, varms into the earth, thus aiding in the absorption of rains and letting in air to sweeten the soil. STABLE MANURE. Properly handled, stable manure is by all n/e'.is the best remedy for poverty of the soil. Veiy few farmers handle manure so as to get even as much as half the possible value from it. There is piob- ably no greater waste in the world than -n connec- tion with the handling of manure by the American farmer. Five-eighths of the pl.ant food manu~e is found in the liquid pan of it. This is sually all lost. Not only is this the case, but the iolids are piled beside the barn, frequently under the eaves, where rains wash away much of their value. Fer- mentation in these manure piles also sets free much of the nitrogen to escape into the air. The writer has seen few farmers who had no apologies to make for their r- <^thods of handling manure. He has seen one, howe -r, who believed he was getting every particle of value from the manure it is possible to get. The farm in question was a dairy farm, and the methods used are not applicable to all types of farms. The cows were kept in their stalls the year around. Every day in the year they had either silage or green stuff from the fields. They also had enough dry hay to keep the manure fi'om beinr. too washy, and what grain they needed. Behind each row of eight cows was a ditch 18 inches wide and 8 to 10 inches deep. This ditch was cleaned thoroughly every morning after milking hours. After the cleaning, a small quanticy of wood ashes was sprinkled in the ditch to dry it; then a layer about 1 % inches deep of rotten sod or leaf mold was added. Next morning the contents of the ditch were lifted into a cart by means of forks, and the cart went immediately to the field where the manure was scattered. In exceptionally bad weather the ditch was sometimes left lor two days. This farmer always had a place to put manure. This method may not be applicable to all dairy farms, but it is the ideal to be followed as closely as circumstances will permit. If there is no sod on which to haul manure in wet weather, it is well to ha\ e a cemented pit under cover, in which to place the manure until it can be hauled to the field. When the ground is frozen in winter, manure can be spread on almost any field. Generally speaking, it should be spread on the field next to be plowed. The above method of handling manure gets both liquids and solids on the land. If any leaching occurs, let it be into the soil where the leachings will do the most good. Recent investigations indi- cate that when liquid manure is applied to the soil. the plant food in the manure is absorbed and held in the soil, and is not immediately washed out if not made use of by the plants. GREEN MANURES. The practice of plowing under green crops as manures is not very general, and we do not know as much as we should like to know of the value of this method. Some crops do not thrive when sown on land into which a green crop has I'ecently been plowed. This is particularly true of those crops that like a solid seed bed, or which are sensitive to acids. When a heavy green crop is plowed under, it goes through a fermentation not unlike that which oc- curs in a barrel of kraut, resulting in the formation of a considerable amount of acid. Alfalfa is partioiilarly sensitive to acids, and it also requires a compact seed bed. It is unwise, seeding to alfalfa. The cereals, particularly wheat and rye, do not do well after a green manure. On the other hand, potatoes and corn are not seriously injured by green manures. In fact potatoes are benefited by them, since the resulting acid condition of the soil prevents the development of potato scab. Generally speaking:, when it is desirable to plow In a green crop before fall-sown crops, it should be done a month or six weeks before planting time, and the soil should be harrowed frequently or otherwise compacted. A few good rains will wash out most of the acids and aid in compacting the soil. The acid may also be counteracted by adding lime CRIMSON CLOVER. ilongr (he Atlantic coast as far north as New Jer- ey and south at least to Georgia, crimson clover trequently called German clover, thrives as a winter annual. Like all the legumes it stores up much nitrogen and greatly enriches the soil in this ele- ment. This crop deserves a much wider field of use- fulness than has yet been accorded it. In the northern part of its territory it should be sown in July. In the South. September is supposed to be the best time to sow it. It is best adapted to sowing in corn or cotton. In sections where it has not previously been grown it frequently fails, appa- rently from lack of its proper bacteria. It is there- fore well to inoculate the seed when it is sown for the first time. This crop furnishes valuable winter pasture, makes good hay if cut when just coming into full flower, and is valuable as a green feed in spring. It helps to fill the gap in the soiling syslem between green wheat afld early corn. Perhaps its greatest useful- ness is as a green manure. It may be plowed under any time in the spring an* be followed by corn or potatoes. In this connection, the practice of a farmer near Hagerstown, Md., is of interest. Ten years ago he began sowing crimson clover in corn at the last plowing, covering the seed with the cultivator, and using 10 pounds of seed to the acre. In the spring the clover was plowed under and another crop of corn planted. Ten consecutive crops of corn have been taken from this field, a crop of crimson clover being plowed under each spring. The yield of corn has increased during that time from about 3.5 bush- els, in the beginning, to about ."lO bushels at the present time. Evidently the practice was a good one in this case. Those who are not familiar with crimson clover should try it on a small scale at first, as there have been many failures with it. The following five->ear rotation is a good one on stock farms in middle "lati- tudes, and shows one way of securing the benefits of crimson clover as a green manure: Corn with crimson clover sown at last cultivation, corn, oats, wheat, clover (common red). ' VETCHES. The vetches can be made to occupy a somewhat similar place as a green manure, at least in the South. Prof. E. R. Lloyd, ot the Mississippi Agri- cultural Experiment Station, reports an instance of a cotton grower who uses hairy vetch and cowpeas in a unique manner. .\t the beginning he sowt-d hairy vetch broadcast in his cotton at the last plowing. The next spring the old cotton stalks were left standing, the ne\i: rows of cotton being planted in the middles, which were bedded up in the usual manner. When the vetch had made seed, the stalk cutter was run over the old rows and they were then plowed out and cowpeas planted in their place. Sub- sequent cultivation was between the cotton and the cowpea rows. In the autumn the vetch sprang up again and grew during the winter, the cowpeas being left to decaj- in place. The following spring the cotton rows followed the old cowpea I'ows, and the vetch was left to seed on the old stalks as before. This method reouires that the cotton rows should be about 5 feet apart, but the farmer who practices it assured Professor Lloyd that his yield of cotton had doubled in the three years since the practice was started. This method is worth the attention of farmers who grow cotton continuously on the same land, and this class includes the vast majority of cotton growers. RYE, R.ve is not half appreciated by the American farmer. It is very hardy, will grow on the poorest land, makes good winter and spring pasture, and if sown early enough makes good fall pasture. It Is a good soring soiling crop, giving the earliest bite of green stuff. It makes a fair quality of hay if cut in bloom or before, and its straw ilways sells at good prices and makes the best of bedding for cattle and horses. It is also an excellent green manure crop 231 How Frequently Rotate Crops FERTILIZERS THAT BUILD UP SOIL MOST QUICKLY Valuable Crops in Plowing to Turn Under for turning under in early spring. While it does not add nitrogen as the clovers do, it makes a great deal of humus, and thus improves the texture of worn out soils. It will grow in any section that can grow any of the small grains. Where corn or pota- toes or cowpeas are grown after corn, rye may be sort-n in the corn at the time of "laying by," or may be sown on the stubble after the corn is cut, and be plowed under in the spring for any of the crops mentioned. COWPEAS. The cowpea has been a boon to the farmers of the South, and its value is coming to be generally recog- nized. During the past few years the demand for cowpea seed has exceeded the supply, and high prices have resulted. A good way to secure its beneticial effect on the soil is to sow it in corn at the last cultivation. This practice has become well- nigh universal in the South and is extending north- ward. This crop may also be sown after wheat, oats, or rye, at least from the latitude of Washing- ton, D. C, southward, and may be harvested for hay in time for another fall crop to be sown. Prof. H. J. Waters, of the Missouri Agricultural Experi- ment Station, has grown cowpeas between wheal crops for several years past and increased the yield of wheat in a marked degree. It seldom pays to turn under a crop of cowpeas in the green state. It is better practice to make hay of them, feed the liay, and put the manure back on the land. As is the case with all legumes, the roots of the cowpea crop add a great deal of nitro- gen to the soil, and have a marked <. ffect on fer- tility. If a heavy green crop of cowpeas is plowed under in the autumn it is best not to plant the land until the following spring. A very good plan for bringing up the fertility of a worn-out field is to sow rye in the fall, plow this under in the spring, harrow thoroughly, let the land lie a month, and then sow cowpeas. Cut the peas for hay and sow rye again. A few seasons of such treatment will restore fertility to the soil. Fortunately, both of these crops will grow on- very poor land. MISCELLATs'EOLS GREEN-MANURE CROPS. A Imost any crop may be used as a green manure, as occasion demands. Those previously mentioned are more generally used for this purpose than oth- ers. In plowing up clover sod, many farmers, par- ticularly on fields most in need of manure, wait until the clover is nearly ready to cut for hay before plowing, in order to get the additional nitro- gen and humus thus produced. Buckwheat is fre- quently .grown as a green manure. This crop is planted in early summer or late spring and turned under in the autumn. Even corn and sorghum have been used for this purpose. They produce large amounts of humus when thickly planted. Sufficient time should be .given after plowing in such rank growth to allow the soil to settle and the resulting acids to wash out of the soil before plantitig an- other crop. In southern California, fenugreek and Canadian field peas (the so-called "English pea" of the South) are used extensively as winter cover crops in orchards. They are then plowed under in the spring as green manure. TYPES OF FAR:\nNG TH.\T BUILD UP THE SOIL QUICKLY. The quickest way to build up a worn-out soii when barnyard manure is not plentiful is to give it a course of treatment like that just described; then grow only forage crops, buy grain to feed v/ith them, and return all the manure thus produced to the land. Dairy farming permits such a system to be practiced. No other type of farming builds up land so rapidly. Another t.vpe that gives fairly quick results is to grow a succession of pasture crops for hogs^ keep the hogs on these pastures, and feed them a fouith to a hall ration of grain. In middle latitudes the following system is adapted to this type of farming; Grow corn enough for the pigs on part of the farm, sowing either cowpeas or crimson clover or rye 1:1 the corn yearly, to keep up fertility. The two latter crops furnish v.'inter pasture for the pigs. On the remainder of the farm run the following three-yeai- rotation: Sow oats in early spring; follow by rye sown early in August; follow this by sorghum the following spring; in September or October sow rye again after the sorghum; late the ne.xt spring sow either sorghum or cowpeas, and begin over again with oats the succeeding spring. This may be made a four-year rotation by inserting artichokes or sweet or Irish potatoes between the August-sown rye and the sorghum. If these crops are all pas- tured down, the hogs being fed a little grain mean- while, the soil will improve.- With such a system, at least on clay soils, the hogs must not be allowed on the fields when the soil is wet, as they will puddle it to such an extent as to do serious injury. To avoid this difficulty, there should be an additional field of good sod for the hogs to run on in wet weather. In sections where alfalfa thrives, hogs may be pastured on this crop in summer (in winter also in the far South) and fed a little corn. In winter such crops as rape and kale may take the place of the alfalfa, and the grain feed may thus be in- creased. Such a system takes nothing from the land, but care must be used not to puddle the soil by pasturing in wet weather. There should be a field of good sod in reserve for such periods. SUMMARY. We may sum up the matter briefly tlius: To build up and maintain fertility in the soil, feed a large part of the crops and return the manure to the land. If manure is not available, plow under crops grown for the purpose. Plow deep (but do not subsoil). Grow leguminous crops for the nitro- gen they add to the soil. Commercial fertilizers and lime may be important means of iinproving the soil, but the fertilizer re- quirements of different soils and different crops in different seasons are so little understood that we are not yet in a position to make positive recommenda- tions that are of general application. Pads Concerning Poultry. .Different breeds, their live weight, when tuU (rrown, the annaal nomber of eggs the; will l&y, etc Bretdt. Hilci No. of No. of a. pound. Brahm&s, light UK.. Brahmas, dark lOH-- Cochins, black 10..., Cochins, buff 10..., Cochins, white 11.... Cochins, partridge ..U.... Common 3^. . Dorkings 0>i.. Domlnlques, American ...6 Games, black-breast'd, red. 7>^. . Ham burgs i Hondans 7i4. Leghorns, black <){ . Iteghoms, brown 4^. 1/egboms, domlnlque 1^. Leghorns, white 43^. Plymouth Rocks »}i. .1 170 »}< .7X....1SS0 8 .8 K0....11 .4 170.. ..10 .6 170. ...10 .3 180.. ..18 .170., .3)i....200....10 .S>i....200....10 .3^.... 800.... 10 ,.3)i....80«....W •«K....x76 m Bretdt, No. of No. of Polish 6X., Spanish, bla^k 7.... Ducks, common 3.... Ducks, Aylesbt^ry... 7..., Ducks, Cayuga 6.... Ducks, Pekln t..., Ducks, Rouen lH., Oeese, common 8... Oeese, African 80... Geese, Egyptian 7.-.. Oeese, Embden ;.18. .. Oeese. Toulouse 88. . . Turkeys, common 12. . . , Turkeys, black . . ., Ifi. . . Turkeys, bronze 84... Turkeys, buff 15... Turkeys, Narragan8ett..,88. ., ..B«. ..6Ji. .Mi. ..100 8 ...76 8 .15... .20... .40... ....60... ....60... .,..60... ....60... ....60... Foods for Sheep. In the esUNe of several experiments by Da ttaumer, a French scientist, it was found that 1,080 pounds of different kinds of foods produced the following results. It will be seen by examination that wheat proved the most valuable food, barley came next, while mangolds stood lowest in tke scale. o.,>,.l«_u. I IncTtiM of wilght I Wool I T«llo». au6«tanO««. I loUringuilm^. f product*. 1 produLd Potatoes with salt 46^ n>s. . .6!;$ lbs. .12K As. Potatoes without salt. ...44 Sis. ..6X Bis..U)^ Iks.. Mangold-Wunels 38K ?i.s. -jB^ ?)g. . .SK fts- Wheat 155 lb9..14 lbs..6«K*s. Oat*. 14« Bs'.'.ib' a>s..48X»8- Barley..... 13« tts. .ll)i Iks. ,«« ' lbs. Pea« .134 tts..l4K ai8..4l As. Rye, with salt ...133 1t>B..ir ttiS.SS fts. Kye, wlth»ttt8alt.,..i.,.M fts..l2 lbs. .43 fta. Com-mesli w«t..,....»Ut lbs. .13)<( lbs. .17^ ts. Buckwheat..- 120 'lbs.'. 10 lbs. .33 •>. 232 Matters of Interest to People who Cultivate the Soil PRACTICAL FACTS TAKEN FROM REFERENCE TABLES In Hill's Manual AGRICULTURAL TABLES FOR FARMERS, GARDENERS AND OTHERS. For many facts and figures in these varions reference tables, credit is due the " American Almanac," edited by A. R. Spofford, "Moore'a Universal Assistant," by R. Moore, the " American Farm and Home Cyclopaedia," by H. ft. Allen, " Farmers' and Mechanics' Manual," by Geo. B. Warring, "Statesman's Year Book," by Frederick Martin, "The Circle of Useful Knowledge '' and other valuable works. Vitality of Seeds. egetablea. Tears. | Vegetablee^, Years. Cucumber Melon , Pumpkin Squash Broccoli Cauliflower... Artichoke ...., Endive Pea Radish Beets Cress Lettuce Uustard Okra Hhubarb Spinach Turnip Asparagus. . . . Beans Carrots Celei:y Com (on cob). .8 to 10 .8 to 10 .8 to 10 .8 to 10 ,.5 to 6 .5 to 6 .6 to e .5 to e .5 to 6 ..4 to 6 .Sto 4 .3 to 4 .3 to 4 ..3 to 4 .3 to 4 ..3 to 4 ..Sto 4 ..3 to 6 . 2 to 3 .2 to 3 ..2 to 3 ..2fo 3 .8 to 3 Leek 2 to '3 Onion 2 to 3 Parsley 2 to 3 Parsnip 2 to 3 Pepper 2 to 3 Salsify 2U> J Tomato 2 to ^3 Eggplant t to 2 BerbB, Anise 3 to 4 Hyssop 3 to 4 Balm 2 to 3 Caraway 2.... Coriander...... 1 .... Dill 2to3 Fennel 2 to 3 Lavender 2 to 3 Sweet Marjoram 2 to 3 Summer Savory 1 to 2 Sage 2 to 3 Thyme 2 to 3. Worm-.vood 8 to 3 Number to an Acre Of pla,nts or trees set at regular distances apart. Distances apart. \ yf-olfl^aii. \ Distances apart. I No. orpiaou. 3 inches by 3 inches. A inches by 4 inches. 6 inches by 6 inches. 9 inches by 9 inches. 1 foot by 1 foot 1>5 feet by IJ^feet... 2 feet by 1 foot 2 feet by 2 feet 2)i feet by 2H feet... 3 feet by 1 foot 3 feetby2 feet Sfeetby 3feet 3M feet by 3J< feet. . . 4 feet by 1 foot 4 feet by 2 feet 4 feet by 3 feet 4 feet by 4 feet 4K feet by 4K feet... 5 feet by 1 foot 5 fset by 2 f eet 5 feet by 3 feet Sfeetby 4 feet 5 feet by 5 feet 5H feet by 5% feet. . . .696.960 .392,040 .174,240 ..77,440 ..43,660 ..19,360 ...21,780 ..10,890 ...6,960 ,..14,520 ...7.260 ...4.840 ,...3,555 ...10,890 ...5,445 ...3,630 ,...2,722 ...2,151 ,...8,712 ,...4,356 ...2,904 ...2,178 ...1,742 ...1,417 6feet by 6 feet. 1,210 6K feet by 6)4 feet 1,031 7 feet by 7 feet 881 8 ffet by 8 feet 680 9 feetby9 feet 537 10 feet by 10 feet 435 11 feet by n feet 360 12 feet by 12 feet 302 13 feet by 13 feet 257 14 feet by 14 feet 222 15 feet by 15 feet 193 16 feet by 16 feet 170 16H feet by 16K feet 150 17 feet by 17 feet 150 18 feet by 18 feet 134 19 feet by 19 feet 120 20 feet by 20 feet 108 25 feet by 25 feet C9 30 feet by 30 feet 48 33 feet by 33 feet ^0 40 feet by 40 feet 27 50 feet by 50 feet 17 60 feet by 60 feet 12 66 feet by 66 fact 10 Cost of Producing Pork. The cost of producing a pound of pork depends upon the cost of com per bushel. as follows: Corn per Duhel ID Cents. CMlofixirk ptt hundred. 22 25 30 33 42 60 60 .., ...7.14 70 8.67 Cost of Small Quantities of Hay. T3 ZZ. I 50lb>. I luOlb^ r.onibs. | 300 Iba. | WOltl. Price per Ton. | ,„„^ | ,^„^ | ,^^ | ,„„, | ,„^i,. Four dollars 10cts..20 Ct8...40 cts. .60. ..» .80 Five dollars 12 88 50 75....1.0O Six. dollars 16 SO 60 90....i.20 Seven dollars 17 35 70 1.05. . . .1.40 Eight dollars 20 40 80 1.20. . . .1.60 Nine dollars 22 46 90. . . . 1.35. . . .1.80 Ten dollars 26 60 1.00. . . .1.50. . . 2.00 FJeven dollars 87 66 1.10. .. .1.65. .. .2.20 Twelve dollars SO 60 1.20. .. .1,80 2 40 Thirteen dollars... 32 65 1.30. ...1.95.... 2.60 Fourteen dollars... 35 70 1.40.... 2. 10.... 2. 80 Fifteen dollars 37 75 1.50.... 2. 25.... 3. 00 Facts About Sheep. The weight of any animal at a certain age, will, of course, depend upon the manner in which it Is fed and cared for. Supposing sheep to be well fed and sheltered, the following presents an average yield of fiesh and wool at a certain age. Breeds. Ew» w.lgh. mntunlj ji« Tem. ' wool lb Cotswold.... 300 200 2 14 Lincoln 300 200 2 11 Leicester 250 150 „.2)i 8 Merino, American. 150 130 8. » Merino, Spanish... 125 110 3 10 southdown 200 140 8 « Shropshire 200 140 2 « Common "Scrub ".120 90 S 4 Weight of Horses. StaUIou. I 0«ldia(i I An wbea I and H*n« | tjmtvni. Cleveland Bay 1,400 1,300 t Clydesdale 1,900 1,700 4X English draft 1,800 1,650 « Hambletoniafl 1,150 1,100 6 Mambrino l,»0O 1,150 6 Morgan 950 900 S Percheron— Norman . . .1.750 1,.W0 4 Pony— Canadian 950 900 4 Pony-Mustang 60C 450 3 Pony— Shetland 300 250. » "Scrub," or Native... .1,000 950 tH Thoroughbred 1,150 1,000 8 Asa 700 600 < Mule 1,000 6 Quantity of Seed Required to Sow or Plant an Acre. Kind nf Seed. Quantity. Asparagus in 12'inch drills 16 qta Asparagus plants. 4 by IK feet 8.000 Barley 2}4 bu Beans, bush, in drills 2^ feet 154 bu Beans, pole, Lima, 4 by 4 feet 20qt3 Beans, Carolina, prolific, etc., 4 by 3 lOqts Beefs and mangold, drills, 2)4 feet 9 lbs Broom corn in drills 12 lbs Cabbage, outside, for transplanting 12 oz Cabbage, sown In frames 4 oa Carrot In drills, 2>4 feet 4 Iba Celery, seed 8 oz Celery, plant, 4 by Hteet 8.\000 Clover, white Dutch. 13 lbs Clover, Lucerne 10 lbs Clover, Alsike « lbs Clover, large red with timothy 12 lbs Clover, large red without timothy 16 lbs Corn, sugar 10 qts Com, Held 8 qts Corn, salad, drill 10 inches 25 lbs Cucumber, in hills Sqta CieuinUer. in drills 4 qta I Kind of Seed. I Kind of Seed. Quantity. Pumpkin, in hills 8 by 8 feet 2 qts Parsley, in drills 2 feet 4 lbs Peas, in drills, short varietiec 2 bu Peas, in drills, tall varistles 1 to IK ba Peas, broadcast 3 bu Potatoes 8b« . Radish, in drills2reet 10 Iba Rye, broadcast ly bu Rye, drilled IK ba Salsify, in drills 2K feet 10 Iba Spinach, broadcast 30 lbs Sruashl bush, in hills 4 by 4 feet 3 Ibl Squash, running, 8 by 8 feet 2 Iba Sorghum 4qU Turnips, In drills 2 feet. 3 Iba Turnips, broadcast 3 lb« Tom.'itoes, in rrames 3 OS Tomatoes, seed in hills 3 by 3 feet ■. loi Tomatoes, plants 3.Mt Wheat, in drills IXbo Wheat, broadcast »*■ Eggplant, plants 3 by 2 feet Endive, in drills 2K feet Flarj broadcast Grass, timothy with clover Grass, timothy without clover Grass, orchard Grass, red top or herds Grass, blue t^rass, rye Grass, millet Hemp, broadcast. Kale, German greena Lettuce, in rows 2)4 feet Leek Lawn grass Melons, water. In hills 8 by 8 feet. .-. Melons, citrons, in hills 4 by 4 feet.. Oats Okra, In drills 2)4 by K feet Onion, in beds for sets Onion, In rows for large bulbs Parsnip, In drills 2K feet Pepper, plants, 2)4 by 1 foot . . 4 oz . . 3 lbs ..20 qts ,. 6 qts .10 qts .25 qts .80 qts ,.88qts .20 qts .32 qU • Kbu ,. 3 lbs .. 3 lbs .. 4 Its ..35 lbs .. 3 lbs .. 2 lbs . 2bu ..20 lbs .50 lbs ,. 7 lbs . 5 lbs .17,800 23c Government Map, Showing Percentage Increase of Population — 1900 to 1910 INCREASE: I I UNDER lO PER CENT I I I O TO 20 PER CENT ^(^^^ ZO TO 30 PER CENT ^^^ 30 TO SO PER CENT C^Q EO PER CENT AND OVER POPULATION PER SQUARE JIULE BY STATES, 1910, 1900 AND 1890 Populat State. 11)10. Continental United States. 30.9. , Rhode Island 508.5. Massachusetts , 41S.8. , New Jersey 337.7. . Connecticut ,..231.3. New York 1!)1.2., Pennsylvania . . . ^ 171.0. Maryland 130.3. Ohio 117.0. . Delaware 103.0. , Illinois 100.7. , Indiana 7.").3. , Kentucky .57.0 . . Tennessee . . . , 52.4. Virginia 51.2. , West Virginia 50. S.. South Carolina 49.7.. Michigan 48.9. Missouri 47.9. , Now Hampshire 47.7. . North Carolina 45.3. . Georgia 44.4. . Wisconsin 42.2. . Alabama 41.7. . Iowa 40.0. . Per Square 1900. . ..25.6 ..400.7 ..340.0 ..250.7 .188.5 ..152.5 ..140.6 ..119.5 ..102.1 ...94.0 . ..86.1 . ..70.1 ...53.4 . ..48.5 ...46.1 . ..40.0 . ..44.0 . ..42.1 ..45.2. ..45.6. ..38.9. ..37.7. ..37.4. ..35.7. ..40.2. Mile. 1800. ,.21.2 .323.8 .278.5 .192.3 .1.54.8 .126.0 .117.3 .104.9 ..90.1 ..S5.8 ..68.S ..61.1 ..46.3 ..42.4 ..41.1 ..31.0 ..37.S ..36.4 ..39.0 ..41.7 ..33.2 ..31.3 ..30.7 ..29.5 ..34.4 1910. 1900. 1890. . .39.0. .. . ..37.7... 36.4 ..3S.S.. . ...33.5. .. ...27.8 ..36.5. .. . ..30.4. .. ..,.24.6 . .30.0. .. . ..25.0. .. .. ..21.5 ..25.7... .,.21.7. . . .. ..16.2 ..24.8... 23 2 ....22.1 ..23.9. . . . ..11.4. .. . .,..3.7 ..20.7.. . . ..IS.O. .. ....17.5 Population of the The Thirteenth Census of the United States was taken by the Bureau of the Census as of April 15, i910. The total area enumerated includes continen- tal United States, the territories of Alaska and Ilawaii, and Porto Rico. The enumeration also in- cludes persons stationed abroad in the military and naval service of the government, who were specially enumerated through the co-operation of the War and Navy Departments. Pupulation Per Square Mile. State. " Vermont Mississippi Louisiana Arkansas Minnesota Maine Oklahoma Kansas Washington 17.1 7.8 5.3 Nebraska 15.5 13.9., 13.8 California 1.5.2 9.5 7.8 Tsxas 14.8 11.6 8.5 Florida 13.7 9.6 7.1 North Dakota 8.2 4.0 2.7 Colorado 7.7 5.2 4.0 South Dakota 7.6 5.2., 4.5 Oregon 7.0 4.3 3.3 Utah 4.5 3.4 2.6 Idaho 3.9 1.9 1.1 New Mexico 2.7 1.6 1.3 Montana 2.6 , ..1.7 1.0 Arizona 1.8 1.1 0.8 Wyoming 1.5 1.0 0.6 Nevada 0.7 0.4 0.4 District of Columbia 5,517-8. .. .4,645.3. .. .3,839.9 United States. 1910. Herewith is complete population statement for the area enumerated in 1910, distinguishing continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and mili- tary and naval. 1'he last four classes are grouped together under the head of "Noncontiguous terri- tory." The corresponding figures of the Twelfth Census of 1900 are also given for purposes of com- parison. Population of the United States — Total Area of Enumeration, Continental United States, and Noncontiguous Territory: 1910 and 1900. 1910. 1900. The United States (total area of enumeration) 93,402,151 . ,a77,256,630 .91,972,266. . .75,994,575 . 1,429,885 1,262,055 Continental United States. Noncontiguous territory... Alaska 64,356 63,592 Hawaii 191,909 154,001 Porto Rico 1,118,012 b9.53,243 Persons in military and naval service stationed abroad 55.608 91.219 a — Includes 953,243 persons enumerated In Porto Rico in 1899. -According to tlie census of Porto Rico taken in 1899 under the direction of the War Department. The rate of increase from 1900 to 1910 was 20.9 per cent for the total area of enuineration and 21 per cent for continental United States. It will be noted that Table I does not cover other possessions of the United States than the ones inentioned. In- cluding the population of Philippine Islands as enumerated by the census of 1903 under the direc- tion of the War Department, 7.635,426. and adding estimates for the islands of Guam and Samoa and the Canal Zone, the total population of the United States and possessions is about 101,100.000. 234 I The United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean Slates and Territories. ,Foi ty-eiffht states. The population of the United States including all the territories is about 101,- or,r>,723. Oklahoma Terri- tory and Indian Territory in 1907 became one state, named Oklahoma. Area of the states, 3,010,484 square miles. Lengrlli and Breadth. The greatest length of the territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, occu- pied by the United States, on the parallel of 42", is 2,7GS miles; and its great- est breadth, from Point Isabel, Tex., to the north- ern boundary of North Da- kota, is l,«i.")0 miles. Ths Mexican boundary line Is 1,500 miles in length. The boundary line separating the United States from the British possessions is about 3,400 miles long. The star in the upper northwest corner of Wy- oming indicates the loca- tion of Yellowstone Park. Map of the States and Territories. When States Were Settled, Areas, Capitals, Etc., Up to Date, 1912. Stars on Map Indicate Location of State Capitals. States and Territories. Admitt- ^ ^., , ed to the bettled. Union. Area Popu- in Sq. I lation, Miles. I 1910. No. to Sq. Mile. Capital of the State. Population of the Capital. Elec- toral Vote. Governor. Term, Sal- Years, ary Legislature. .'Jession Days Begins. Limit. Alabama 1702.. 1819. Alaska 1801 . . 1868 . Arizona 1540.. 1863. Arkansas 1685. .1836. California 1709.. 1850. Colorado 1858. .1876. Connecticut 1633. .1788. Delaware 1627. .1787. Dist. Columbia. ..1634. .1790, . Florida 1565.. 1845. Georgia 1733. .1788. Guam Colony 1898. Hawaii 1900. Idaho 1811. .1890. Illinois 1720.. 1818. Indiana 1730. .1816. Iowa 1788.. 1845. Kansas 1S31..1S61. Kentucky 1765.. 1792. Louisiana 1690.. 1813. Maine 1620. .1820. Maryland 1634.. 1788. Massachusetts .. .1620. .1788. Michigan 1070.. 1837. Minnesota 1805.. 1858. Mississippi 1716.. 1817. Missouri 1764.. 1821. Montana 1809.. 1889., Nebraska 1847. .1867. Nevada 18.50. .1864. . New Hampshire. 1623. .1788. New Jersev 1620. .1787. New Mexico. .. .1537. .1850. New York 1614.. 1788. North Carolina. . .16.50. .1785. North Dakota 1780.. 1889. Ohio 1788. .1802. . Oklahoma 1889. .1907. Oregon 1810. .1859. Pennsylvania 1682.. 1787. Philippines 1570.. 1898. Porto Rico 1510.. 1898. Rhode Island 1636.. 1790. South Carolina.. .1670. .1788. South Dakota 18.56. .1889. , Tennessee ,1757. .1796. Texas 1686.. 1S45.. Utah 1847.. 1896. Vermont 1764.. 1791.. Virginia 1607.. 1788. Washington 1811.. 1889., West Virginia 1862.. 1862. Wisconsin 1669.. 1848. Wyoming 1858.. 1890., , .52,250. .577,390. .113,020. ..53,850. ,158,360. .103,925. , . .4,990. . .2,050. 70. .58,680. .59,475. 150. ..6,740. .84,800. ..56,650. .33,350. ,.56,025. .82,080. .40,400. .48,720. .33,040. .12,210. , . .8,315. .58,915. .83,365. .46,810. .69,415. 146,080. .77,510. 110,700. . .9,305. . .7,815. 122,580. .49.170. .52,250. .70,795. .41,060. .70,430. .96,030. .45,215. 114,000. . .3,600. . .1,250. .30,570. .77,650. .42,0.50. 265,780. .84,970. . .9,565. .42,450. .69,180. .24.780. .56,040. .97,890. .2,138,093. 64,356. . ..204,534. .1,574,449. .2,377,.549. . ..799,024. .1,114,756. ...202,322. ...331,069., . ..752,615. ,2,609,121. 11,378. . ..191,909. ..*325,594. .5,638,591. .2,700,876. .2,224,771. .1,090,949. .2,289,905. .1,656,388. . ..742,371. .1,295,346. .3,366,416. ,2,810,173. .2,075,708. .1,797,114. .3,293,335. ...376.0.53. ,1,192,214. . . ..81,875. . ..430,752. .2,537,167. ...327,301. .9,113,614. .2,206,287. ...577,056. ,4,767,121. .1,657,155. ...672,765. .7,665,111. .7,635,426. .1,118,012. ....542,610. .1,515,400. . ..583,888. .2,184,789. ,3,806,542. , ..373,351. ..355,956. .2,061,612. ,1.141,990. .1,221,119. .2,333,860. ...145,965. ...41.7. 1. l.S. .. .30.0. . . .1.5.2. 7.7. ,.231.3. . .103.0. .5,517.8. . . .13.7. ...44.4. '.'. .'23.'9'. . . .*3.9. ..100.7. . . .75.3 . . . .40.0. .. .20.7. . . .57.0. . . .36.5. . . .24.8. ..130.3. ..418.8. . . .48.9. ...25.7. . . .38.8. . . .47.9. 2.6. . . .15.5. 7. . . .47.7. ..337.7. 2.7. ..191.2. .. .45.3. 8.2. ..117.0. . . .23.9. 7.0. . .171.0. .508.5. . .49.7. . . .7.6, ..52.4, , .14.8. . ..4.5 . .39.0. . .51.2. ..17.1. . .50.8. ..42.2. ...1.5. .Montgomery 38,136. .12. .Juneau 2,000...,. .Phoenix 11, 143... 3. .Little Rock 4.5,941. . .9. .Sacramento 44,696.. 13. .Denver 213,381... 6. .Hartlord 98,915. ..7. .Dover 3,270. . .3. .Washington 331,069 .Tallahassee 5.01S...6.. .Atlanta 154,839. .14. . Agana .Honolulu 39,306 .Boise City 17,358. . .Springfield 51,678. .Indianapolis ...233,650. .D(.'S Moines 86,368. .Topeka 43,684. , .Frankfort 10,465. , .Baton Rouge 14,897.. .Augusta 13,211. .Annapolis 8,609. .Boston 670,585. .Lansing 31,229. .St. Paul 214,744.. .Jackson 21,262., .Jefferson City 11,850.. .Helena 12,515. .Lincoln 43,073. .Carson City ,2.466.. .Concord 21,497. .Trenton 96,815. .Santa Fe 5,072. . .Albany 100,253. .Raleigh 19,218. . .Bismarck 5,443.. .Columbus 181.511. .Guthrie ,11,6.54.. .Salem 4,258., .Harrisburg 64,186. .Manila 219,928 .San Juan 32,048 . Providence 175,597. . .5. .Columbia 21, 108... 9. .Pierre 2,300.. .5. • Nashville 80,865. .12. .Austin 29,860. .20. .Salt Lake City. . .53..531 . . .4. .Montpelier ,6,266... 4. .Richmond 86,514.. 12. .Olympia 3,863. ..7. • Charleston 11, 099... 8. .Madison 24,301.. 13. Cheyenne 14,08T...3. ..4.. $5,000.. Jan.... .+.50 .4. ..5,000 , .4. . .3,000. .Jan '00 3,500. .Jan »60 , .4. . .6.000. .Jan. .. ,.t60 .,2.. .5,000. .Jan »90 . .2. . .4,000. .Jan. . tNone ..4. ..2,000. .Jan. .tNone .4. . .5, 000.. Apr. .2. ..5,000. .Nov. •60 ♦50 .4. .29. 15. ,13. 10. 13. 10.. .6. .8. ,18. 15. 12. 10.. 18. .4. .8. .3., , .4. 14. .3. 45. 12. 24". 10., ..5. , 38. ..5,000. . ..5,000. .12,000. . .8,000. . .6,500. . .5,000. . .6,500. . . 5,000 . ..3,000. . .4,.500. . .8,000. ..4,000. . .7,. 500. . .4, .500. ..5.000. ..5,000. . .2,500. . .4,000. . .2,000. .10,000. ..3.000. .10,000. ..4,000. ..3,000. .10,000. ..4,500. . .5,000. .10,000. .15,000. , .8,000. . .3,000. . .3,. 500. ..3.000. . .7.500. ..4,000. . .4.000. . .2,500. .,5,000. ..6.000. . .5,000. . . 5.000 . ,.4,000. .Feb.., .Dec ,*60 .Jan. .*None .Jan *60 .Jan. .•None .Jan *40 .Dec ♦60 .May 'OO .Jan. .*None •90 . tNone , 'None .. .*90 ...•60 .Jan. .Jan. .Jan. .Jan. .Jan. .Jan *70 .Jan •OO .Jan *60 .Jan *60 .Jan. .*None .Jan. . tNone .Jan *60 .Jan. .tNone .Jan •eo .Jan *60 .Jan. .•None .Jan 'IGO .Jan *40 ..Tan. . 'None .Jan .Apr. .. . .'eO .Jan. .tNone .Nov.. tNone .Jan 'OO .Jan '75 .Jan •60 .Jan 'CO .Oct. . •None .Jan •GO .Jan 'GO ,Mar. *45 .Jan. .•None .Jan •40 101,055,723 •Biennially. lAnnually. JMeet once in 4 years. . .,, ., „ ,_.i . „* By Congressional apportionment, made Aug. 3, 191 1, the membership of the House of Representatives at Washington will be 435. Adding 2 votes for 2 senators from each state will make the total odi. ay laier enactment this apportionment is liable to be changed. 235 FEB ? 1912 1 ^ ^x