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 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/doctrineofmechanOOscho 
 
THE DOCTRINE 
 
 OF 
 
 MECHANICALISM 
 
 BY 
 
 SOCRATES SCHOLFIELD 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Published by the Author. 
 
 1907. 
 
\ 
 
 
 mBRARY of CONGRESS jj 
 Two CoQies Baceivad ■ 
 JU.N 22 190/ j 
 , Cepyngtot Entry j 
 
 Copyright, 1907 
 
 BY 
 
 SOCRATES SCHOLFIELD. 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Descartes advanced the hypothesis that brute ani- 
 mals having no souls, could have no true mental op- 
 erations and no consciousness, and therefore, should be 
 considered as insensible automata. Huxley contended 
 that although in his opinion brute animals are auto- 
 mata, they are not to be considered as insensible, but 
 as conscious automata; and that in this category man 
 himself must be included. The thesis herein advanced 
 is based upon the assumption that animal organisms 
 are conscious fabricative machines, which are con- 
 structed and operated through the power of environ- 
 ing forces. And it maintains that if the governing 
 factors of animal organisms are based upon the prin- 
 ciples of mechanics, as embodied in the governing ele- 
 ments of analogous inanimate mechines, then a future 
 state of conscious existence is reasonably assured, and 
 important questions of metaphysics may be satisfacto- 
 rily answered. The doctrine that animal organisms 
 are dependently related fabricative machines, may be 
 termed the doctrine of mechanicalism. 
 
 S. S. 
 
TRIBUTE O? RFSPECT 
 
 10 
 
 ZOROASTER AND CONFUCIUS 
 
 gAGKS VV ANTIQUITY 
 
THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 
 
 Assuming for a primary postulate that animal or- 
 ganisms are conscious machines, the operations of 
 which are in strict accordance with the specific nature 
 of their embodied forces and the mechanical arrange- 
 ment of their parts, it becomes a necessary sequence 
 that the general laws of mechanical function which 
 are applicable to the ah'alogdus* correlated elements of 
 inanimate machines should also be applicable to the 
 corresponding correlated elements of the animal or- 
 ganism. And in following out this assumed analogy 
 of function, we must necessarily be restricted to the 
 mechanical terms applied to the related elements of 
 the known inanimate mechanism, in order to prevent 
 confusion and misunderstanding when thus making a 
 comparison between the functional elements of inani- 
 mate machines and the corresponding elements of the 
 animal organism, to which a terminology not applica- 
 ble to the parts of inanimate machines has been here- 
 tofore applied. 
 
 In the terminology of mechanics, the words sensible 
 and sensitive are used to characterize those material 
 resilient elements which, through their quality of au- 
 
6 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 tomatic reaction, are adapted to indicate the varying 
 conditions of an impinging energy. And we may em- 
 ploy the word sensive, to specifically denote the imma- 
 terial sensible and sensitive elements which pertain to 
 consciousness. Also, in referring to the parts of those 
 inanimate machines which are adapted for the dis- 
 criminate dispensation of energy under varying condi- 
 tions, we may employ the word enginery, to denote 
 that portion of the mechanism in which the energy to 
 be dispensed is embodied, and the words governor, and 
 governing mechanism, to specify that portion which 
 serves to supervise and control the dispensation of the 
 energy to meet the varying conditions. And these 
 terms are in an equal degree applicable to the corre- 
 sponding parts in animal organisms. But in order to 
 provide a term which will denote a distinction be- 
 tween animate and inanimate governing mechanisms, 
 the animate governing mechanism may be called the 
 governing member. 
 
 Whenever, through empirical investigation, we trace 
 the line of the transmission of neural energy for the 
 development of regulated muscular movement in the 
 animal organism, we fail to discover the required 
 unitary dispensing governor, and find only an organic 
 enginery, of which the brain constitutes the specific 
 factor upon which the regulative governing medium 
 must act. The multitudinous cells and fibers of the 
 brain pertain only to the generation and transmission 
 of the neural energy, and we are unable to discover in 
 the brain the necessary unitary governing medium 
 which serves to control and govern the dispensation 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. I 
 
 of the energy of the cells collectively, for the discrim- 
 inate development of muscular action. Such a uni- 
 tary governing element cannot reside in the sensory 
 cells alone, for these cells have to do only with the de- 
 velopment of sensibility; it cannot reside in the motor 
 cells alone, for they have to do only with the develop- 
 ment of muscular movement; nor can it reside in the 
 neuroglia cells alone, for the amoeboid fibers and pro- 
 cesses of these cells, although adapted for co-ordina- 
 tion, are not connected with the fibers or processes of 
 either sensory or motor cells. But in accordance with 
 the established principles of mechanics, a unitary gov- 
 ernor for the regulated dispensation of neural energy 
 in the animal organism must necessarily exist, — al- 
 though it is found to be imperceptible. Hence we may 
 conclude that there exists in the animal organism an 
 imperceptible unitary governing member, whereby the 
 neural energy of the brain is dispensed for the regu- 
 lated development of muscular action. This govern- 
 ing member, the function of which is to direct and gov- 
 ern the molar or mass movement of the several parts 
 of the organic enginery, must, from a condition of qui- 
 escence or rest in all of its functionally operative 
 parts, be able at any instant to direct energy in differ- 
 ent and opposite directions, for the production of 
 purposive muscular movement in the organic enginery, 
 even in opposition to the dictates of sensation or 
 emotion. 
 
 The dimensions of the organic enginery become in- 
 creased through an accumulative corpuscular growth, 
 and the required concomitant growth of the elements 
 
O THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 of the governing member of the organism in harmony 
 therewith, implies for these elements an analogous 
 discrete origin. It is evident that governing func- 
 tions cannot pertain to discrete unorganized elements, 
 but only to organized elements formed of concrete ag- 
 gregates. Hence we may posit that the co-acting ele- 
 ments of the governing member of the animal organ- 
 ism are discrete in their origin, and that the govern- 
 ing member consists of co-acting concrete elements, 
 which being objectively imperceptible, may be consid- 
 ered as immaterial in their substance. 
 
 It has been maintained that the phenomenon of ani- 
 mal consciousness is the result of constantly recurring 
 changes, or alternations of state, in a fundamental 
 governing element of the organism; and since con- 
 sciousness is completely annihilated in sleep, and is 
 likewise excluded upon physical interference with the 
 flow of blood in the brain, and since it does not persist 
 continuously in the governing element, we may log- 
 ically conclude that consciousness is the result of the 
 action of an external energy upon the immaterial sub- 
 stance of consciousness in the governing member. 
 
 The governing pendulum of the clock receives at 
 each oscilliation a slight impulse from the enginery, 
 which serves to overcome the encountered frictional 
 resistance, and thus to maintain the successive rising 
 and falling movements of the pendulum weight as it 
 swings back and forth in its curvilinear path, with the 
 resulting production of alternating changes of gravi- 
 tative stress during these rising and falling move- 
 ments. And we may reasonably posit that analogous 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. V 
 
 mechanically induced changes of stress in the basic 
 governing element of an animal organism will form 
 the basis of a true consciousness. 
 
 That phase of consciousness which is mechanically 
 developed in the governing member through objective 
 sensation, may be termed sensive consciousness; that 
 which is developed therein by subjective feelings, 
 emotive consciousness; that through which objects of 
 memory are apprehended, memorial consciousness; 
 and that through which executive action is produced, 
 executive consciousness. 
 
 The governing action of a spring is derived from the 
 opposing forces of cohesion and heat ; that of the oscil- 
 lative pendulum, from the opposing forces of gravita- 
 tion and suspension ; and that of the rotary pendulum, 
 from the opposing forces of suspension, gravitation 
 and revolution. And these inanimate governing me- 
 diums are adapted for resilient action upon either side 
 of their planes of static equilibrium, so that, when 
 forcibly deflected to either side thereof, they return 
 automatically to the median plane of their field of 
 movement. Hence, by analogy, the sensive substance 
 of consciousness in the governing member of the ani- 
 mal organism, should properly have a mediate state of 
 static insensibility, to which it will return automat- 
 ically when freed from the impinging action of either 
 direct or inverse energies. 
 
 In accordance with this mechanical doctrine of con- 
 sciousness, the production of conscious action within 
 the governing member of an animal organism, from a 
 received sense impression, may be schematically repre- 
 
10 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 sented by means of the resilient action of a flat spring 
 placed in an upright position and held rigidly at one 
 end, while the opposite end is adapted for free move- 
 ment. This freely moving end is provided with a piv- 
 oted pawl or other engaging means, which, upon the 
 resilient return of the spring from a forcibly deflected 
 condition, is so arranged as to be capable of engage- 
 ment with a suitable power-dispensing medium, e. g., 
 the teeth of a sliding rack having power-dispensing 
 connections. But the pawl is normally held from 
 such engagement by means of a sensible governing me- 
 dium. Now, if we forcibly impart a rythmic succes- 
 sion of backward impulses to the free end of the 
 spring, alternated potential and kinetic states of 
 molecular stress, and consequent resilient action, will 
 be developed therein. And when, through the action 
 of external energies upon the mechanically sensible 
 governing medium of the schematic device, suitable en- 
 gagement is made between the pivoted pawl and the 
 power-dispensing element of the organization, then 
 the inherent kinetic resiliency of the spring itself, act- 
 ing as an executive agent, with the energy pertaining 
 to the previously induced stress of its own molecular 
 elements, will serve to impart the required executive 
 movement. 
 
 Hence, by mechanical analogy, the initial impulse 
 for every act of executive consciousness will be derived 
 from the reaction of the executive medium of the gov- 
 erning member from a state of potential stress, which 
 has been previously induced therein by the action of 
 an external energy pertaining to the enginery of the 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 11 
 
 organism, the medium of executive consciousness be- 
 ing always free to act from its mechanically induced 
 state of potential stress, whenever an opportunity is 
 provided by the occurrence of the required change in 
 the sensive governing medium which determines the 
 appropriate occasion for conscious executive action. 
 
 Memorial consciousness may, in like manner, be 
 schematically illustrated by means of a flat spring. 
 Since, when the spring is deflected from its normal 
 stale of insensible molecular equilibrium, a memorial 
 symbol of its previous insensible condition will be de- 
 veloped therein, in terms of molecular tension and 
 sensibility, through the resilient energy of which, the 
 spring is enabled to return to its former insensible 
 state. And when the illustrative spring is provided 
 with a significant configuration, the flexure of the 
 spring will develop therein a memorial symbol of such 
 configuration, in terms of molecular sensibility and 
 energy. And this memorial symbol will persist so 
 long as the spring is held in its flexed condition. 
 
 Hence we may conclude from mechanical analogy 
 that the fabricated elements of memory are normally 
 in a condition of insensible equilibrium, in which their 
 contents are not within the limits of consciousness; 
 and that when subjected to the induced stress of nerve- 
 commotion, a consciousness of their contents will be 
 developed in terms of resilient energy. Memory may, 
 therefore, be defined as a fabricated representation of 
 a previous experience, developed to consciousness by 
 the energy of resilience. 
 
12 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 In order to obtain any sensible action whatever 
 in an inanimate machine, the resilient element of 
 sensibility must be rigidly held and supported at a 
 certain part of its organization by an unyielding 
 medium, which medium operates as a fulcrum or 
 support. And we find upon final analysis that every 
 mechanical unyielding medium consists of a mass of 
 molecular elements, which are maintained in static 
 equilibrium through the balanced forces of cohesion 
 and heat. Hence we may posit from mechanical 
 analogy, that the immaterial resilient element of con- 
 sciousness in the animal organism, may likewise, be 
 provided with an unyielding medium of opposing im- 
 material elements, which serves as the necessary fun- 
 damental base for the development of resilient con- 
 scious action. 
 
 Now in every inanimate machine in which a sensible 
 governing mechanism is so combined with a dynamic 
 enginery that the machine will act automatically to 
 suit the constantly varying conditions of an external 
 medium, the governor has, in all cases, a removable re- 
 lation to the enginery, and is capable of performing 
 its inherent sensible functions when so removed, while 
 the enginery will be rendered incapable of its previous 
 sensible action. Hence, if it can be shown that a true 
 mechanical analogy exists between the sensive ele- 
 ments of animal organisms and the corresponding 
 sensible elements of inanimate mechanisms, then we 
 may reasonably conclude that the governing member 
 of the animal organism must, like the governing ele- 
 ment of an inanimate machine, be capable of perform- 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 
 
 13 
 
 ing its inherent sensible functions when removed from 
 the organic enginery with which it is connected. 
 
 For a well known example of the separable relation 
 that exists between the dynamic enginery of an inan- 
 imate machine and its governing mechanism, reference 
 may be made to the mechanism of a clock, in which, 
 upon the removal of the sensible governing pendulum 
 and the executive pallets connected therewith, from 
 their operative engagement with the dynamic en- 
 ginery, the suspended pendulum and its connected pal- 
 lets will soon pass automatically to a state of static 
 equilibrium, and will then be capable of oscillation in 
 the same uniform intervals of time as before, whenever 
 the resulting condition of static equilibrium is dis- 
 turbed by the action of suitable external forces in the 
 environment. But the stored power of the dynamic 
 enginery will, in this case, soon be expended by the 
 rapid downward movement of the actuating weight 
 without useful effect, the hands of the clock having by 
 the removal of the governing mechanism, been ren- 
 dered incapable of indicating standard intervals of 
 time. And no amount of rewinding will restore to the 
 enginery its former time-keeping movement. Thus, 
 the sensible pendulum of the clock and the connected 
 executive pallets — which taken together constitute a 
 governing mechanism — represent to us a mechanical 
 organization which under certain conditions has an 
 inherent capability for the independent performance 
 of its specific function. And similar conditions of in- 
 herent, inlependent functional action pertain to all 
 discriminative governing mechanisms, in inanimate 
 
14 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 machines. Hence by mechanical analogy, the corre 
 sponding elements of the governing member should 
 also be inherently independent in the performance of 
 their special functions, and, therefore, be separate and 
 distinct in their natures from the dependent elements 
 of the organic enginery. 
 
 But a more complete example of inanimate governing 
 action was provided in a certain regulating governor 
 employed for the purpose of regulating the speed of 
 machinery driven by water power, where on account 
 of the specific structure of the motive wheel a consid- 
 erable interval of time was required for obtaining the 
 full action of the water upon the wheel after its initial 
 entrance into the revolving buckets. And in this reg- 
 ulating governor a differential compensating-adjust- 
 ment was arranged to so operate between the speed-in- 
 dicating and the executive or dispensing elements of 
 the governing mechanism, that the action of the regu- 
 lator would not be limited to the normal action of the 
 speed-indicating governor during the latter half of the 
 return movement from its extreme of variation, 
 whereby, when the return of the speed toward its nor- 
 mal rate did not exceed a certain degree of rapidity, 
 the action of the regulator upon the gate was, with 
 mechanical discrimination, caused either to continue 
 during the latter half of the return movement, or cease 
 entirely, until the normal rate of speed had been 
 reached by the continued action of the water upon the 
 wheel. But when the speed was, for any reason what- 
 ever, returning with too great rapidity from its ex- 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 15 
 
 treme of variation, so that either the continuance, or 
 cessation, of the action of the regulator upon the gate 
 would allow the speed of the motive wheel and the 
 connected machinery of the factory to swing to an op- 
 posite extreme, then the discriminative action of the 
 compensating-adjustment served to cause the reversal 
 of the action of the regulator upon the gate, so as to 
 meet the rapidly returning rate of speed with the gate 
 at the required b eight for continuing the rotation of 
 the wheel at its proper uniform rate. Thus the regu- 
 lator, through the action of the compensating-adjust- 
 ment during the latter portion of the return movement 
 of the governor, was caused to act discriminately with 
 reference to a future contingency not at all related to 
 the present rate of speed of the machinery, as indi- 
 cated by the governor, but to an ultimate injurious ac- 
 tion that would result from either a surplus or de- 
 ficiency of water, as the case might be; and this com- 
 pensation was effected by means of a discriminating 
 change of adjustment between the speed-indicating 
 and the executive elements of the governing mechan- 
 ism. And by means of this change of adjustment, the 
 regulator was enabled to act more rapidly on the gate 
 during the first moments of any variation in speed, 
 thus limiting in a great degree the extremes of varia- 
 tion, as well as correcting more rapidly any disturbed 
 action. 
 
 The differential compensating adjustment employed 
 in this regulator included in its scope a co-ordinative 
 medium, by means of which the inherent sensibility of 
 
16 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 the governor to occurring variations in speed, and the 
 relative rapidity of its return movement, were co-ordi- 
 nated with a memorial record of the spatial extent of 
 the occurring variation from the zero plane of the gov- 
 ernor; and the result of this threefold co-ordination 
 was transmitted to the executive medium, to which, by 
 its connection therewith, the inherent resiliency of the 
 governor was imparted. The so connected sensible, 
 memorial, co-ordinative and executive elements, con- 
 stituted an integral, resilient governing mechanism; 
 which, when removed from the dynamic gate-actuating 
 enginery of the regulator to another field of rotative 
 energy, would be capable of the same sensible action 
 as before; but the gate-actuating enginery, although 
 remaining intact, would be rendered insensible to 
 variations in speed, and incapable of further regu- 
 lative movement. 
 
 We therefore, find in this inanimate regulator, a 
 schematic analogue of the sensation, memory, co- 
 ordination and executive action that pertains to the 
 governing member of the animal organism. But 
 sensation and memory are not the sole controlling 
 elements in the action of the governing member; for 
 in connection with these elements we have the feelings 
 of emotion. Hence it devolves upon us to bring for- 
 ward an inanimate mechanism, which in its operation 
 is schematically illustrative of an emotive function; 
 whereby, through mechanical analogy based upon our 
 schematic exhibit, we may arrive at certain con- 
 clusions in regard to the mechanism of emotion in 
 animal organisms. 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 17 
 
 An analogue of the inhibitory action developed in 
 the animal organism when subject to the emotion of 
 fear is found in the stop-motions of various inanimate 
 machines, since the fear of the occurrence of damage 
 in the operation of the machine constitutes the speci- 
 fic reason for the employment therein of stop-motion 
 devices. Hence we are enabled to point out in an in- 
 animate regulating mechanism, the counterpart of ac- 
 tions which when performed by an animal organism 
 would be the result of emotion. But a stop-motion 
 does not perform an active part in a continuously op- 
 erative mechanism. So in order to fully illustrate the 
 nature of such a mechanism — of which we have an ex- 
 ample in the compensating-adjustment of our model 
 regulator — we will suppose that the proprietor of the 
 factory should himself, by his own manual effort upon 
 the gate, cause the water to flow to the buckets of the 
 motive wheel in the same dangerous excess as is em- 
 ployed in the normal action of the regulator, in order 
 to rapidly check an impending injurious variation in 
 speed. Then in this case a feeling of faith in his abil- 
 ity to meet all the resulting requirements of danger 
 must be exercised ; while the necessary removal of such 
 dangerous excess prior to the return of the speed to 
 its normal rate, implies a fear of the resulting conse- 
 quences of neglect. It is thus seen that the inanimate 
 compensating-adjustment employed in our model regula- 
 tor which constitutes a continuously operative mechan- 
 ism, performs the same regulative acts, that when per- 
 formed by the proprietor of the factory would involve 
 
18 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 the exercise of emotion. Hence we find in the inani- 
 mate compensating-adjustment of our regulator, an 
 analogue of the governing action that is based upon 
 emotion in the animal organism, wherby the com- 
 pensating-adjustment may be properly termed an emo- 
 tive mechanism. 
 
 Moreover, when we critically investigate the govern- 
 ing mechanism of our model regulator, we find that 
 its governing action in rectifying a disturbance in the 
 rate of speed is accomplished during the sensible 
 movement of the balls of the governor first away from, 
 and then back toward their normal plane of rotation ; 
 while at the same time the operation of the compensa- 
 ting-adjustment is such as to cause the taking up and 
 retention of a portion of the outwardly transmitted 
 movement, whereby an available store of potential en- 
 ergy is accumulated within the resilient field of the 
 governor. And this potentiality, which constitutes 
 the basis of the emotive or inhibitory action of the 
 governing mechanism, is dispensed in full accordance 
 with the specific regulative requirements during the 
 latter half of the return movement. Hence we may 
 conclude from mechanical analogy, that in the animal 
 organism, a portion of the energies supplied to the 
 governing member through the organic enginery, may 
 be taken up and changed from a kinetic to a potential 
 state, and thus constitute the required independent 
 source of energy existing within the sensive field of 
 the governing member, for the production of inhibi- 
 tory or emotive governing action. 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 
 
 19 
 
 Furthermore, we find that in our model regulator 
 the change from a kinetic to a potential state of energy 
 within the field of the governor, for the production of 
 emotive regulating action, is effected through the kin- 
 etic action of a positively driven clutch member which 
 is independent of the governor. Hence we will be re- 
 quired in the course of this argument, to point out in 
 the animal organism an independent energetic me- 
 dium, which is capable of changing the kinetic energy 
 that pertains to the sensibility of the governor, into 
 the potential energy required for the development of 
 emotive regulating action; and this independent me- 
 dium must be adapted for kinetic engagement with the 
 governing member, as in the inanimate machine. 
 
 Inanimate machines are, in all cases, provided with 
 a connecting frame, which constitutes a rigid fulcrum 
 or reactive base, for the dynamic action of the elements 
 of the mechanism, and serves to hold these elements in 
 their proper working relations. And by mechanical 
 analogy, the several distinct factors of the governing 
 member must, likewise, be provided with a connect- 
 ing medium, w r hich serves to maintain them in proper 
 operative connection in the presence of adverse en- 
 ergies. 
 
 The governing elements of inanimate machines are 
 dependent for their sensible indicative action upon ex- 
 ternal fields of potential energy, to which the govern- 
 ing elements are specially related. Thus, the mag- 
 netic needle, which is the specific sensible governing 
 element for translatorv movement in a horizontal 
 
20 
 
 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 plane, derives its directive quality from the environ- 
 ing magnetic field of the earth, and upon its removal 
 from the enginery still continues operative in its re- 
 lated field as before. So likewise the static pendulum 
 or plummet, which is the specific sensible governing 
 element for translatory movement in a vertical plane, 
 derives its directive quality from the environing field 
 of gravitation, and still remains operative in its field 
 upon removal from the enginery. In like manner the 
 compensating pendulum derives it§ uniform govern- 
 ing quality from the conjoint action thereon of the 
 environing gravitative and thermal . fields ; and upon 
 its removal from the time-indicating enginery to which 
 it pertains, is capable of performing in these fields the 
 same uniform oscillation as before. Hence by me- 
 chanical analogy, the sensive and emotive factors of 
 the governing member of the animal organism, should 
 have for their fundamental bases potent external 
 fields, which are adapted to the continued maintenance 
 of their sensive and emotive action when the govern- 
 ing member is removed from the organic enginery. 
 
 But while the governing member of the organism 
 may be truly removable from the organic enginery, 
 without incurring the loss, or impairment, of its in- 
 herent capability of the performance of discriminate 
 governing action when mechanically stimulated to con- 
 sciousness; yet, without the concomitant removal of a 
 complementary element which is possessed of inherent 
 energy, the removed governing member would be in- 
 capable of such action, owing to the lack of an ener- 
 
ANALOGIES OF GOVERNING ACTION. 
 
 21 
 
 getic factor adapted to develop the resilient energy of 
 consciousness in the normally insensible governing 
 member, and also on account of the lack of a suitable 
 medium for the developed energy of consciousness to 
 act upon. Hence it devolves upon us to point out, in 
 the succeeding chapter, that specific removable ele- 
 ment of the organization, by the co-action of which 
 with the removed governing member, the inherent 
 capability of conscious action may be developed and 
 exercised. 
 
22 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 II. 
 
 ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 
 
 If animal organisms are in fact mechanically gov- 
 erned machines, it is evident that the building up of 
 the organism from its elements should be governed by 
 the general laws of mechanical constructive fabrica- 
 tion. Hence, in order to acquire a true conception of 
 the nature and purpose of the organic structure, we 
 may properly rely upon analogies derived from our 
 knowledge of the special agents employed in the fabri- 
 cation of analogous inanimate mechanisms. 
 
 The fabrication of an extensive and complicated me- 
 chanical structure requires the accumulation of the 
 proper building materials at the place of manufacture, 
 together with the employment of a sufficient number 
 of workmen under the directive control of a supervisor, 
 who is the custodian of, and comprehends the working 
 plans of the proposed organization ; and in the absence 
 of supervising control with reference to a special plan 
 of mechanical construction, the workmen, then com- 
 pelled to act disconnectedly and without knowledge of 
 a specific dimensional specification, would of them- 
 selves be entirely incapable of organizing the required 
 extensive and complicated structure from the provided 
 building; materials. 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 23 
 
 In building up the vertebrate animal organism from 
 the fertilized embroyonic cell, the material elements 
 employed are the continuously divided protoplasmic 
 cells, which, with their microsomes or ultimate cell- 
 elements, collectively constitute the organic enginery, 
 and individually perform different functions in accord- 
 ance with their relative positions in the organic struc- 
 ture. And we may conclude from the analogies of in- 
 animate mechanical structures, that the functional 
 differentiation of the cells in accordance with their rel- 
 ative positions must be determined by a sensive super- 
 vising member, which, in its nature, must be as sep- 
 arate and distinct from the individual cells, and from 
 the fabricated organic enginery, as the supervisor of 
 the building of a mechanical structure is separate and 
 distinct from the structure itself, and from the work- 
 men by whom the structure was made. 
 
 The human supervisor of the fabrication of a mechan- 
 ical structure obtains the governing control of the 
 separate independent workmen by the dispensation to 
 each of them of certain stipulated wages, derived from 
 a potential monetary field pertaining to the owner or 
 proprietor of the structure to be fabricated, which field 
 constitutes a conventional embodiment of accumulated 
 energy; and without this supervising dispensation of 
 accumulated energy from the monetary field of the pro- 
 prietor, or its equivalent, the workmen, through lack 
 of material support, would be unable to proceed with 
 the building. Hence, we may conclude from analogy 
 that the governing control of the individual protoplas- 
 mic cells, for the production of an organic structure. 
 
24 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 is attained through the mechanical dispensation, to 
 each of the cells, of a form of potential energy which 
 is derived from an external field, and differentiated to 
 the cells in accordance with a representative plan or 
 model of the proposed organization. And the dispen- 
 sating or promoting element of the animal organism, 
 through the mechanical action of which the required 
 dispensation and differentiation of fabricative energy 
 is effected, may be termed the executive promoting 
 member, which may be considered as identical with the 
 subconscious self of hypnotism. 
 
 The mechanical dispensation of differentiated energy 
 to a collection of separate and distinct inanimate en- 
 tities, for the production therefrom of an integral dif- 
 ferentiated fabric, is illustrated in the process of pho- 
 tography, wherein the uniform radiant energy of the 
 environment, primarily differentiated by impingement 
 upon the reactive form of the object to be photo- 
 graphed, and. again differentiated by means of the lens 
 of the camera, causes a correspondingly differentiated 
 action upon the surface of the chemically prepared 
 plate, with the resulting production of a pictured rep- 
 resentation of the form of the object. In this case, the 
 surface molecules of the chemically prepared plate rep- 
 resent the workmen; the reactive object represents a 
 medium to which the uniform field of radiant energy 
 is referred for primary differentiation; and the lens 
 constitutes a medh:m which selects the required differ- 
 entiated rays and transmits them in their selected 
 form to the molecular workmen, with the resulting 
 production of a symbolic representation of the ex- 
 ternal form of the object on the surface of the plate. 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 25 
 
 And when we pass from inanimate material mole- 
 cules to cultures of independent living bacteria, we 
 find that they, through their thermotactic or photo- 
 tactic properties, may have their characteristic qual- 
 ities changed, and their individual movements con- 
 trolled, in accordance with a specific plan, by means 
 of differentiated radiant energy. 
 
 Hence, if the differentiation of radiant energy will 
 cause uniformly distributed inanimate molecules of 
 matter to become differentially transformed into pic- 
 torial symbols and also cause the differentiated ar- 
 rangement and rearrangement of the separate individ- 
 uals in cultures of living bacteria, we may reasonably 
 conclude that the transmission by the executive pro- 
 moting member, of a specific form of constructive en- 
 ergy, differentiated from the uniform energy of the en- 
 vironing field, in accordance with a true model of he- 
 reditary organization, would enable the sensive indi- 
 vidual cells — the organic workmen — to build up a com- 
 plete multicellular organism, in strict accordance with 
 the special characteristics of the transmitted energy. 
 
 We therefore posit that there exists in the animal 
 organism an executive promoting member, having as a 
 function the transmission of differentiated energy to 
 the individual cells by means of a constructive model 
 of hereditary organization, which model pertains di- 
 rectly to the province of the promoting member. And 
 we may term this necessary constructive model, the 
 representative medium. 
 
 It has been assumed that the stress of resiliency con- 
 stitutes a mechanical representation of consciousness, 
 
26 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 and that the consciousness of the governing member is 
 conditioned upon the action of external energies. It 
 is essential, however, for the proper development of the 
 physical functions of the organic enginery, that the 
 consciousness of the promoting member should be un- 
 conditioned and unceasing, and this form of con- 
 sciousness may be schematically represented by means 
 of two spiral springs of equal diameter, which are 
 formed of the same size and quality of wire, and have 
 the same number of coils, with the space between the 
 coils of one of the springs made greater than that of 
 the other, whereby the length of the spring will be 
 increased. These two springs are to be screwed to- 
 gether longitudinally, so that the coils of the one will 
 intertwine, side by side, with the coils of the other, 
 with the axes of the two springs coincident; then, 
 through the resulting extension of the coils of the 
 shorter spring and the drawing in of the coils of the 
 longer one to an equal length, a permanent state of 
 stress will be produced in each of the intertwined 
 springs. The inherently shorter spring constitutes a 
 reactive factor, serving to intensify the resiliency of 
 the inherently longer spring, while the molecular 
 stress caused by the mutual antagonism of the springs 
 serves to maintain therein a constant and unceasing 
 state of molecular sensibility. And we may assume 
 from mechanical analogy that there exists an unceas- 
 ing state of consciousness in the promoting member, 
 due to the stress resulting from the combination of a 
 controlling sensive substance of consciousness, with a 
 reactive sensive substance, the one substance con- 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 27 
 
 Btituting the positive and the other the negative ele- 
 ment of the same resilient medium of consciousness. 
 
 When we consider the specific action of each of the 
 unequal schematic springs, which, when intertwined 
 have been mutually forced to an equal length, we 
 find that the positive controlling element of the 
 organization resides in the longer spring which is 
 under the stress of compression, while the shorter 
 spring is under the stress of extension. Hence we 
 may posit from mechanical analogy that in an ever- 
 conscious organization, the unceasing consciousness of 
 the controlling element, pertains to a resilient field 
 which lies inside of its state of inherent stable 
 equilibrium, while the field of the unceasing conscious- 
 ness of the concomitant reactive element, lies outside 
 of its state of inherent equilibrium, whereby, it can 
 have no power whatever of outward action. 
 
 The executive promoting member is able to supervise 
 not only the initial building of the organism, but also 
 the reconstruction of injured or removed portions 
 thereof, which are often very complicated in their na- 
 tures. And in some cases, where an injury has been 
 inflicted upon an important portion of the brain tis- 
 sues, the remaining uninjured portion will, under the 
 supervising action of the promoting member, be trans- 
 formed into a mechanism which is capable of perform- 
 ing the missing function of the injured or lost tissues. 
 Hence it appears that the promoting member has an 
 active function to perform in the fully completed or- 
 ganism as well as during its initial development, and 
 may, therefore, be considered as the requisite dispenser 
 of energy for carrying on the true fabricative functions 
 
28 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 of the completed organic mechanism. And since both 
 the nervous and vascular systems of the organic en- 
 ginery are to be built up by means of energy supplied 
 through the executive promoting member, and simul- 
 taneously differentiated to each of these systems, 
 through the representative medium of hereditary or- 
 ganic structure, we must necessarily conclude that the 
 promoting member is functionally related to both the 
 vascular and nervous systems through which the com- 
 plete fabrication of the organic structure and its re- 
 pairs are effected; while the governing member per- 
 tains particularly to the nervous system, by means of 
 which the operative action of the organism in its envi- 
 ronment is to be controlled and regulated. 
 
 In the previous examination of our model regulator 
 we found that the change from a kinetic to a potential 
 state of energy within the field of the inanimate gov- 
 ernor, for the production of emotive regulating action, 
 was effected through the action of an energetic medium 
 which was independent of the governor. We may now 
 conclude that the executive promoting member which 
 dispenses potential fabricative energy from a related 
 external field, for the complete building up and main- 
 tenance of the animal organism, and which in its ac- 
 tion is independent of the governor, may constitute the 
 requisite energetic medium for the development of feel- 
 ings of emotion in the governing member. 
 
 Upon the removal or inhibition of a mechanical 
 governing element in an inanimate machine, either the 
 intelligent builder of the mechanism or the operator 
 thereof, may assume control and in accordance with 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 
 
 29 
 
 his native skill supply the function of such mechani- 
 cal governing element, and guide the power-dispensing 
 portion of the machine at his own volition. So, in the 
 phenomenon of self-hypnotism or spiritism, the volun- 
 tary surrender of normal governing consciousness by 
 the medium, whereby the normal action of the govern- 
 ing member is inhibited, allows the everconscious pro- 
 moting member — the intelligent builder and main- 
 tainor of the organism — to assume control and operate 
 the organic enginery at its own volition. 
 
 The magnetic needle when employed as a governing 
 medium may be deflected from its normal governing 
 direction and have its poles reversed by the close 
 proximity thereto of another magnetic needle, which 
 latter when acted upon by energy is capable of usurp- 
 ing the governing function of the former. So, in the 
 phenomenon of animal hypnotism, a forced change of 
 relation between the governing elements which pertain 
 to individual consciousness and their reciprocal fields, 
 effected through the action of the hypnotizer, may re- 
 sult in the inhibition of individual consciousness, and 
 the usurpation of the control of the enginery of the 
 subject by the governing member of the hypnotizing 
 agent. And we may reasonably posit that in this case, 
 as in spiritism, the organic enginery of the unconscious 
 subject is operated through the medium of its ever- 
 conscious promoting member, which member is now 
 controlled in its action by the governing member of the 
 hypnotizer. 
 
 The acquirement of a true comprehension of the ex- 
 isting condition and real fabricative function of the 
 animal organism has been rendered difficult, by reason 
 
30 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 of a radical illusion, which consists in the universally 
 prevailing conception of the nature of sensible light, 
 as something that really exists in environing space 
 precisely as recognized by visual consciousness; but 
 which is, on the contrary, a fabricated product exist- 
 ing solely within the limits of the governing and pro- 
 moting members of the organism. 
 
 The normal sensation of light is produced by the oc- 
 currence of physical wave motion in the environing 
 ether, the amplitude of the ethereal waves which serve 
 to impart the sensation of light to the sensive visual 
 element of the governing member, as distinguished 
 from the amplitude of the similar waves which result 
 in a sensation of darkness, in nowise changing the 
 physical constitution of the ethereal medium in which 
 the waves are propagated. Hence, between the ani- 
 mal eye and the objects in the environment, there ex- 
 ists mere physical motion in the ethereal medium. 
 
 The sensation of sound is likewise produced in ani- 
 mal organisms by the effect of mere undulatory motion 
 in the environing air, which motion serves to fabricate 
 the sensation of sound in the auditory element of con- 
 sciousness. Therefore, it must be considered that ani- 
 mal organisms are fabric-producing machines em- 
 ployed in transforming the physical wave-motion of 
 the environment into varied nerve-commotion and sen- 
 sation, with the consequent fabrication of sense-repre- 
 senting factors, and fabrics of memory. And it is- 
 only through individual comprehension of the fact that 
 what we recognize as light, color, and sound have na 
 objective reality as such, but exist only as a fabricated 
 state of animal consciousness, that we can be at all 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 31 
 
 prepared to realize the true fabricative importance of 
 the animal mechanism, and the nature of the im- 
 mediate future condition of the promoting and gov- 
 erning members of the animal organism, when they 
 are separated from their joint organic enginery and 
 material environment. 
 
 The value of a machine resides solely in its contin- 
 ued capacity for the production of a desirable product ; 
 and we find that the manufactured products of the 
 fabricative animal organism consist of a stable fabric 
 of memory that pertains to the conscious governing 
 member, and a stable fabric of memory that pertains 
 to the everconscious promoting member, together with 
 certain stable sense-representing factors, which are 
 stored up within the sphere of the promoting member 
 for the subsequent fabrication therefrom of potential 
 sense-symbols, adapted for inverse presentation to the 
 consciousness of the governing member, as observed in 
 the phenomenon of dreams. 
 
 For every fabricative machine there should exist not 
 only a constructing agent and an operating agent, but 
 also an agent for receiving the manufactured product. 
 The constructing agent of the animal organism has 
 been termed the executive promoting member; the op- 
 erating agent, the governing member; and that me- 
 dium through the action of which the sense-represent- 
 ing factors are stored up and the sense-symbols fabri- 
 cated therefrom reversely presented to the governing 
 member, may be termed the presentative medium of 
 the promoting member. 
 
 The impressible wax cylinder of a phonograph de- 
 rives its progressive movement from the rotary spindle 
 
32 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 of the operating mechanism, and upon its continued 
 rotation receives upon its impressible surface indented 
 symbols of sound, fabricated thereon through the 
 transmission of differentiated aerial undulations from 
 an outer source of vocal energy to the resilient dia- 
 phragm and its connected stylus, which, taken to- 
 gether, have the resilient characteristics of a govern- 
 ing mechanism. The indented wax cylinder, when re- 
 moved to a new environment, and rotated as before, is 
 capable of so differentiating the energy transmitted 
 through the fabricated symbols as to reproduce in the 
 governing diaphragm the same resilient vibrations and 
 changes of molecular stress that were produced therein 
 when the symbols of the sound vibrations were orig- 
 inally fabricated, these vibrations serving to repro- 
 duce, in the environing atmospheric field inversely di- 
 rected images of the original vocal undulations. 
 
 The fabricated symbols upon the wax cylinder, and 
 the inversely directed images of the original sound 
 vibrations returned to the atmospheric field, are en- 
 tirely distinct from each other in their natures; but 
 their fabrication is accompanied with the same resili- 
 ent vibrations and changes of molecular stress in the 
 governing diaphragm. And it may be reasonably con- 
 cluded, that the analogous production of inversely in- 
 duced changes of stress in the ultimate governing ele- 
 ment of an animal organism will result in the develop- 
 ment therein of inverse consciousness. 
 
 The rotary spindle of the phonograph, upon which 
 the impressible wax cylinder is placed, may analog- 
 ically represent the promoting member of the organ- 
 ism, which derives its potential action from a related 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 
 
 33 
 
 field of energy; and the wax cylinder may represent 
 the presentative medium of the promotive member, 
 by means of which, the fabricated sense-symbols are 
 inversely presented to the consciousness of the gov- 
 erning member. And the tracing stylus, which serves 
 to transmit energy to and from the governing dia- 
 phrain, may analogically represent a subjective en- 
 ginery which pertains to the governing member, and by 
 means of which the governing member is enabled to 
 act within the sphere of the presentative medium of 
 the promoting member, as is observed in dreams. 
 
 Upon physiological investigation we find that sen- 
 sory nerve-commotion does not pass by a continuous 
 neural connection from one nerve cell to another, or 
 from a nerve cell to other cells of the brain ; but in all 
 cases passes through an intervening medium. And 
 we further find that, in every inanimate fabricative 
 machine, the special mechanical elements which occur 
 at the immediate place of fabric manufacture are, in 
 like manner, not continuous with each other; but 
 there exists a space between them which is occupied 
 by the material from which the fabric is to be formed. 
 Mechanical analogy, therefore, demands that the ma- 
 terial from which the sense-representing factors are to 
 be formed, in animal organisms, must be found be- 
 tween the discontinuous nerve fibers and the opposite 
 cell processes ; whereby, upon the passage of the nerve- 
 commotion from the one to the other through an in- 
 tervening medium, the required fabrication will be 
 effected. 
 
 The neuroglia cells which are very thickly distrib- 
 uted throughout the brain tissues are amoeboid, and 
 
34 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 provided with numerous fine processes, which extend 
 in various directions between the sensory nerve-cells; 
 and since these neuroglia cells are enabled to expand 
 or retract their fine hair-like processes, they are me- 
 chanically adapted to cause a change in the space be- 
 tween the disconnected fibers and processes of the 
 nerve-cells, and also between these fibers and pro- 
 cesses and the blood-vessels or capillaries. And fur- 
 thermore, the constantly varying dilation of the blood- 
 vessels will also serve to vary the distance between 
 the cell-fibers and the processes. It is thus seen that 
 the objective elements of the brain enginery are 
 adapted for mechanical action, as may be required in 
 the fabrication of the sense-representing factors from 
 which sense-symbols are to be formed. 
 
 We also find that, in every inanimate fabricative 
 machine, the manufactured fabric is distinct and re- 
 movable from the mechanism by means of which it 
 was formed. Hence from mechanical analogy, the fab- 
 ricated sense-representing factors and the fabrics of 
 memory must be distinct and removable from the or- 
 ganic enginery through the action of which they were 
 produced. 
 
 The materials from which the sense-representing 
 elements are derived must be obtained from the 
 blood, which pertains to the province of the promot- 
 ing member. The blood of vertebrates contains an 
 immense number of independent red corpuscules of 
 microscopic dimensions, which in animals of cold- 
 blood are provided with a controlling nucleus; and 
 although they are non-nucleated in mammalian blood, 
 they were originally developed from amoeba-like cells 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 35 
 
 provided with a nucleus, which was subsequently re- 
 moved during; a metamorphosis in which the proto- 
 plasm of the cell was greatly changed in its character. 
 As many as five millions of these independent red cor- 
 puscles deprived of a nucleus, are found to exist in 
 every cubic-millimetre of mammalian blood,— which 
 constitutes a mass of less size than an ordinary pin 
 head. Hence, we may conclude that the sensive ele- 
 ments of the innumerable cell nuclei, which are set 
 free from the original nucleated cells during their 
 metamorphosis into non-nucleated red corpuscles, may 
 provide the required discrete sensible units from 
 which specific sense-representing factors and fabrics 
 of memory may be formed. 
 
 In the same cubic-millimetre, together with the red 
 corpuscles will be found upwards of ten thousand 
 while corpuscles, or leucocytes, which, being amoeboid, 
 air able to migrate at will into and out of the blood- 
 vessels, many of them from their power of ingesting 
 foreign substances being termed phagocytes or eating 
 cells whose sensibility for objects at a distance has 
 been termed chemiotaxis, and their very highly devel- 
 oped tactile sensibility, physiotaxis. These sensible 
 independent leucocytes constitute active therapeutic 
 agents of the promoting member, in the healthy main- 
 tenance of the organic enginery, and must necessarily 
 be provided with sensive governing elements, whereby 
 their sensible movements are regulated, and therefore, 
 upon their dissolution, must be capable of providing 
 the required sensive elements for the complete devel- 
 opment and growth of the conscious governing mem- 
 ber of the organism. And in addition to the blood 
 
36 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 corpuscles, the endothelial and tissue cells may also in 
 their disintegration, provide the required sensive fab- 
 ricative elements. Hence we may conclude that or- 
 ganized fabrications, composed of these elements, may 
 be effected in the animal organism upon the occur- 
 rence of varied nerve-commotion at the intersection of 
 the fibers and processes of the nerve-cells with each 
 other, and with the conductive vascular capillaries by 
 means of which capillaries the required materials for 
 such manufacture are continuously brought forward, 
 and made to pass between the co-acting elements of 
 the nerve-enginery, as in an ordinary fabricative ma- 
 chine. And since the sensive fabrications of the or- 
 ganism are thus derived from discrete elements, these 
 fabrications must themselves consist of concrete ag- 
 gregates. 
 
 That the co-acting elements of the promoting and 
 governing members of the animal organism are con- 
 crete in their substance is fully evidenced by the fact 
 that, at the primary subdivision of the embryonic cell 
 in the development of the vertebrate, amphioxus, the 
 promoting and governing elements of the developing 
 organism may be subdivided by the forcible separation 
 of the daughter cells from contact with one another, 
 with the resulting production of several complete mul- 
 ticellular organisms, instead of the single multicellu- 
 lar organism which results from a normal uninter- 
 rupted development, but of a size diminished in pro- 
 portion to the extent of the subdivision. Hence it is 
 seen that the immaterial sensive elements of the pro- 
 moting and governing members of the animal organ- 
 
ANALOGIES OF CONSTRUCTIVE FABRICATION. 
 
 37 
 
 ism, are, under certain conditions, capable of being 
 divided into separate individual parts without the loss 
 of promoting and governing function. 
 
 The promoting and governing elements of the ani- 
 mal organism are capable of growth; but growth im- 
 plies the collection and assimilation of the required 
 discrete sensive elements from an external source. 
 Hence it is evident that discrete sensive elements must 
 exist in nature, from which concrete sensive mechan- 
 isms may be formed, which are adapted for the pro- 
 motive development and controlling government of the 
 engineries of individual animal organisms. 
 
 When the sensible governing elements of an inani- 
 mate regulative mechanism are removed from the con- 
 nected dynamic elements, the regulative function of 
 these dynamic elements will be destroyed; and when 
 the removed sensible elements are again returned to 
 the dynamic elements, their regulative functions will 
 be restored. Hence we may reasonably conclude that 
 primordial organic life was the result of the combina- 
 tion of an unstable material mechanism, with a stable, 
 immaterial promoting and governing mechanism. 
 
 The structure and composition of animal cells is 
 substantially the same as that of vegetable cells. Her- 
 bivorous animals feed upon vegetables, and the car- 
 nivorous feed upon the herbivorous, so that. all ani- 
 mal organisms depend absolutely upon vegetable or- 
 ganisms for their being; and since all animal life de- 
 pends upon the constant multiplication of vegetable 
 cells, these cells must be in immediate fabricative con- 
 nection with the primal source of the discrete sensive 
 
38 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 elements from which the promoting and governing 
 factors of both vegetable and animal cells are derived. 
 Vegetable organisms exist in the air, under the sur- 
 face of water in rivers and ponds, and in the depths 
 of the sea; hence the supply of discrete sensive ele- 
 ments required for the full development of the newly 
 formed vegetable cells, which are being constantly 
 built up from inorganic materials, must exist in a con- 
 tinuous field of these sensive elements, which sur- 
 rounds the earth, and extends from the highest limit 
 of living organisms in the air, to the lowest limit 
 thereof in the sea, with a maximum thickness of about 
 ten miles. The field of sensive elements, so defined, 
 embraces the terrestrial organic factory, within which 
 all organic mechanisms are constructed and operated. 
 We may, therefore, reasonably posit that the sub- 
 stances of consciousness for both the governing and 
 promoting members of the animal organism are orig- 
 inally derived, through the medium of vegetable or- 
 ganisms, from the discrete sensive elements of con- 
 sciousness, which exist in a continuous field through- 
 out the terrestrial factory. 
 
ANALOGIES OF FACTORIAL OPERATION. 39 
 
 III. 
 
 ANALOGIES OF FACTORIAL OPERATION. 
 
 Animal organisms, like the machines in a factory, 
 are dependently related and reciprocally connected 
 during the fabrication of their memorial and sense- 
 representing factors. Hence the laws that govern the 
 factorial operation of inanimate machines should also 
 be applicable to the analogous factorial operation of 
 fabricative animal organisms. 
 
 Every manufactory for the production of inanimate 
 fabrics is provided with an owner or proprietor, in ac- 
 cordance with whose will and purpose the fabricative 
 operations are organized and from whom the promo- 
 tive energy for fabrication is derived. Factorial me- 
 chanical analogy therefore requires that the terrestrial 
 organic factory, also should exist under the control 
 of a proprietor, in accordance with whose will the an- 
 imate organisms of the factory are constructed, and 
 their fabricative operations governed and regulated. 
 And this governing and regulating proprietor of the 
 terrestrial factory may be termed the Proprietor and 
 Regulator of Energy, and the Supreme Governor of 
 the animate organisms of the factory. 
 
 We find existing in every inanimate governing and 
 regulating medium an element having inherent sensi- 
 
40 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 bility, an element adapted to prevent the uncontrolled 
 expenditure of the energy the specific action of which 
 is to be regulated, and an element adapted for the 
 dispensation of the controlled energy in accordance 
 with governmental requirements. Hence we may 
 posit that there must exist in the Supreme Governor 
 inherent sensibility and the power of controlling and 
 dispensing energy, in accordance with the specific re- 
 quirements of the factory. 
 
 Now, in proceeding to determine the inherent moral 
 nature of the Supreme Governor from the available 
 data of factorial mechanical analogy, we find that, in 
 every extensive manufactory for the production of in- 
 animate fabrics, oppositely directed actions are re- 
 quired in the speed-regulating mechanism of the fac- 
 tory, to compensate for the occurring variations of 
 mechanical resistance developed in the fabricative op- 
 erations, and to maintain the desired uniform rate of 
 speed in the fabricative machinery. And oppositely 
 directed actions are required in all inanimate govern- 
 ing and regulating mechanisms. 
 
 The governing captain of a steamship transmits 
 peremptory orders to the executive helmsman, which, 
 when carried out, may cause the ship either to be kept 
 steadily on its course or turned from it, in either of 
 opposite directions as the case may require; and the 
 helmsman dispenses the required energy for causing 
 the ship to be so guided. The engineer of the ship, 
 also, constitutes an executive dispenser of energy, sub- 
 ject to the command of the governing captain, and has 
 the power of opposite action in opening and closing 
 
ANALOGIES OP FACTORIAL OPERATION. 41 
 
 the steam valve, for either starting or stopping the 
 propelling engines of the ship, or for changing the di- 
 rection of their rotary movement. Hence it appears 
 that oppositely directed actions are required in ani- 
 mate, as well as in inanimate, governing and regulat- 
 ing mechanisms. 
 
 The natural increase of animal organisms, if un- 
 checked, and subject only to the limitation of old age, 
 would be much greater than the coincident increase 
 of the vegetable organisms adapted for animal food; 
 so that life within the terrestrial factory could attain 
 no proper stability without the employment of a nega- 
 tive regulating action, by means of which the super- 
 abundant increase of animal life could be economic- 
 ally destroyed. Hence the regulated destruction of 
 animal life is absolutely necessary for the promotion 
 and proper maintenance of the factorial fabricative 
 operations; and for effecting this regulative destruc- 
 tion, pathogenic germs and carnivorous animals in 
 abundant numbers have been provided. And since 
 the fabricative operations of the terrestrial factory 
 necessarily require for their fundamental basis the 
 promotion of animal life, the Supreme Governor of 
 the factory must be able to dispense discriminately the 
 specific energies required, both for the promotion and 
 destruction of life. 
 
 Every governing medium must, in accordance with 
 the true laws of mechanics, be related to an ex- 
 ternal reciprocal field with which it harmonizes: the 
 action of the governing magnetic needle requires an 
 external magnetic field, the action of a gravitative 
 
42 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 pendulum requires an external gravitative field, and 
 that of a resilient governing diaphragm an external 
 resilient field. And we may conclude from mechan- 
 ical analogy that the manifestation of conscious in- 
 telligence in the governing member of an animal or- 
 ganism, must imply a conscious intelligence in its re- 
 ciprocal field. 
 
 We find, in the unicellular organisms of the factory, 
 an individual sensibility superimposed upon the sensi- 
 bilities of myriads of independently moving micro- 
 somes, or ultimate cell-elements, existing within the 
 enveloping cell structure. And in the multicellular 
 animal organisms, we find an individual consciousness 
 superimposed upon the collective sensibilities of myri- 
 ads of cell-units, which live and move independently 
 within the enveloping field of the higher conscious or- 
 ganism. We may, therefore, conclude that in like 
 manner the Supreme Governor may have an intelli- 
 gent consciousness superimposed upon the intelligent 
 consciousness of the fabricative organisms of the ter- 
 restrial factory. 
 
 Factorial mechanical analogy, therefore, discloses a 
 Supreme Governor endowed with a promotive energy 
 for beneficent organic fabrication, and a destructive 
 energy for beneficent regulating action, and also en 
 dowed with conscious intelligence. 
 
 Now while the beneficent promotive functions con 
 stantly performed by the acting beneficent organisms 
 of the factory, imply the attribute of beneficence in 
 the controlling Supreme Governor, and while the de- 
 structive functions necessarily performed in the reg- 
 
AX A LOUIES OP FACTORIAL OPERATION. 43 
 
 ulation of the terrestrial factory, may also imply the 
 
 attribute of beneficence — as when a destructive surgi- 
 cal operation is performed for the benefit of the indi- 
 vidual operated upon — yet, in many of the organisms 
 of the factory, we find an innate disposition to de- 
 structive malicious action, which attribute of malevo- 
 lence can have no place whatever in the nature of the 
 beneficent Supreme Governor of our hypothesis. 
 
 Since action and reaction are equal and in opposite 
 directions, the production of any dynamical movement 
 whatever will require an independent reactive base or 
 fulcrum, which does not partake of the desired move- 
 ment, but by its inherent reactive nature serves to 
 impart thereto the proper directive quality. Hence, 
 we may conclude that the beneficent Supreme Gov- 
 ernor of the terrestrial factory, like every other entity 
 adapted for the dispensation of energy, must employ 
 an independent reactive medium as the required base 
 for the outward manifestation of inherent attributes, 
 and that the dynamics of beneficence necessarily re- 
 quires for its independent reacting base an adverse 
 maleficent medium. 
 
 The attribute of malevolence, which embraces in its 
 nature the wilful injury of others, found in certain 
 organisms of the terrestrial factory will not, there- 
 fore, pertain to the inherent nature of the Supreme 
 Governor, but only to an independent maleficent ele- 
 ment, by means of which the beneficent attribute of 
 the Supreme Governor is to be dynamical!}' dissemi- 
 nated. And this maleficent element, which consti- 
 tutes the necessary reactive medium for beneficent 
 factorial action, may be termed the Adverse Medium. 
 
44 JHE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 We have heretofore posited that a state of unceasing 
 consciousness requires for its fundamental basis a 
 state of unceasing stress. The beneficent attributes of 
 the Supreme Governor, and the maleficent attributes 
 of the Adverse Medium are together exercised in inti- 
 mate connection, throughout the whole extent of the 
 terrestrial factory. Hence we may reasonably posit 
 that the mutual unceasing opposition which exists be- 
 tween the Supreme Governor and the co-extensive 
 Adverse Medium, will serve to maintain in each a 
 true unceasing state of consciousness. The Supreme 
 Governor and the Adverse Medium will thus constitute 
 dependently related entities, the development and ex- 
 ercise of the inherent attributes of the one, being ab- 
 solutely required for the development and exercise of 
 the inherent attributes of the other. 
 
 The active energy of molecular repulsion caused by 
 heat, and the concomitant reactive energy of cohesive 
 attraction, provide a never-ceasing state of stress in all 
 material substances. Hence there exists throughout 
 the whole extent of the terrestrial factory the funda- 
 mental element of a never-ceasing consciousness; 
 whereby the everconscious Supreme Governor may be 
 truly cognizant of occurring physical phenomena. 
 The molecular stress caused by gravitation and revo- 
 lution may also provide a basis for the cognizance of 
 the material conditions of the factory. Heat consti- 
 tutes the fundamental variable factor upon which the 
 fabrication of all animate existences depends and 
 may, therefore, be considered as pertaining to the 
 
ANALOGIES OF FACTORIAL OPERATION. 45 
 
 physical Held of consciousness in the Supreme Gov- 
 ernor, while the reactive energy of cohesion which is 
 opposed to the molecular action of heat, will pertain 
 to the physical held of consciousness in the reactive 
 Adverse Medium. 
 
 In the manufacture of inanimate fabrics, the pro- 
 vided raw material is passed successively through the 
 several machines and processes of the factory, to the 
 final completion of the desired fabric. Hence we may 
 conclude from analogy that the fabricative operations 
 of the terrestrial factory also will be carried on suc- 
 cessively; whereby the constituent stable elements of 
 vegetable cells will, through the nutritive assimilation 
 of the cells by an animal organism, be promoted to be- 
 come constituent stable elements of animal cells, and 
 the stable elements of the individual animal cells be 
 promoted to become stable elements in the governing 
 and promoting members of the animal organism to 
 which they pertain. And we may further conclude 
 that the governing and promoting members of the ani- 
 mal organism, will, in like manner, upon the occasion 
 of their mortal metamorphosis, be transferred as con- 
 stituent elements to a higher organization. 
 
 It is found that, at the initial building up of an an- 
 imal organism from its elements, some of the dividing 
 cells are necessarily appointed to the performance of 
 the various operative functions of consciousness in the 
 organism, while others must necessarily become sub- 
 servient structural units in the reactive and resistive 
 skeletal frame, by means of which the organism is en- 
 abled to act objectively. Hence, we may conclude 
 
46 THE DOCTRINE OP MECHANICALISM. 
 
 from analogy, that the conjoined promoting and gov- 
 erning members of the beneficent individual organisms 
 of the terrestrial factory, are destined at the comple- 
 tion of their mortal metamorphosis to become con- 
 scious individual units in the active field of the Su- 
 preme Governor; while the conjoined promoting and 
 governing members of the oppositely constituted ma- 
 leficent organisms, are destined to become conscious 
 individual units in the reactive field of the Adverse 
 Medium. 
 
 But, notwithstanding the fact that in the normal 
 development of a vertebrate animal organism from ils 
 ancestral cell, certain specific cells of the primary sub- 
 divisions are destined to form the skeletal frame, and 
 others to form the tissues of the enginery, yet, by the 
 application of external pressure, the relative positions 
 of the dividing cells may be so changed that those in- 
 dividual cells which would otherwise have been rele- 
 gated to the tissues, are now relegated to the osseous 
 structure, and those that would have been transformed 
 into the osseous elements will now become component 
 elements of the tissues. Hence, by analogy, while the 
 individual organisms of the terrestrial factory, like 
 the normally developing cells, can have no inherent 
 power of changing their own natures, yet their consti- 
 tutions may be changed and modified by the action of 
 external influences, whereby the naturally beneficent 
 organisms may be caused to become actively malefi 
 cent, and the naturally maleficent, to become actively 
 beneficent; and this change in the nature of the indi- 
 vidual organism can be derived only, from the action 
 
ANALOGIES OF FACTORIAL OPERATION. 47 
 
 thereon of an oppositely constituted beneficent or 
 maleficent factor, the former pertaining to the right- 
 eous promotive field of the Supreme Governor, and the 
 latter to the unrighteous reactive field of the Adverse 
 Medium. 
 
 The effective action of certain inanimate fabricative 
 machines depends upon the strict orientation of cer- 
 tain parts of their mechanism in line with the energy 
 of cosmical gravitation. And it is readily apparent 
 that, in the case of the analogous fabricative human 
 organism, its proper beneficent action will depend 
 upon the fabricative orientation of the governing and 
 promoting members thereof, in line with the energies 
 of the righteous beneficent field of the Supreme Gov- 
 ernor of the factory, which orientation may be ac- 
 quired and maintained by acts of beneficence and 
 worshipful veneration performed by the individual or- 
 ganism. And wherever within the terrestrial factory, 
 acts of true righteous beneficence are being performed 
 by an individual organism, the intelligent Supreme 
 Governor will be cognizant thereof, and in the rever- 
 ential performance of such acts be objectively wor- 
 shiped. And since the inherent attributes of the Su- 
 preme Governor can be made manifest only through 
 the beneficent action of the righteously disposed indi- 
 vidual organisms of the factory, the refusal of an in- 
 dividual to act as a medium for the factorial promo- 
 tion of righteousness and beneficence, must constitute 
 a true rejection of the beneficent Supreme Governor, 
 and a virtual alliance with the maleficent Adverse 
 Medium. 
 
48 
 
 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 IV. 
 
 SUBSTANTIAL REALITY IN DREAM PHENONENA. 
 
 Through the employment of alphabetic units, the 
 printer is able to produce various concrete embodi- 
 ments of the ideas which constitute the basis of a 
 literary composition, the printed impressions of which, 
 are presented by him to individual consciousness. So 
 likewise, in dreams, the ideas of the intelligent ever- 
 conscious promoting members are embodied in concrete 
 sense-symbols, formed from the previously fabricated 
 discrete sense-representing factors thereof, and pre- 
 sented to the consciousness of the governing member 
 for the exercise of its volition in connection therewith. 
 And as the printer may at will reduce his concrete 
 embodiments of literary ideas back to their discrete 
 alphabetic units, and thereafter, produce other literary 
 embodiments therefrom; so the intelligent promoting 
 member may, at the conclusion of the dream, disin- 
 tegrate the presented sense-symbols, and reduce them 
 to their discrete sense-representing factors, for the 
 subsequent production and presentation of other 
 symbols from the same discrete elements. 
 
 The sense-symbols which are presented to the gov- 
 erning member in dreams, may be classified as either 
 static, dynamic, or sensible. The static sense-symbols 
 
SUBSTANTIAL REALITY IN DREAM PHENOMENA. 49 
 
 are those which represent stationary inanimate ob- 
 jects; the dynamic are those which represent inani- 
 mate objects having within themselves the inherent 
 quality of motion; and the sensible, are those which 
 represent and embody the special functions of animate 
 organisms. 
 
 In the critical investigation of dream phenomena, 
 we discover that the governing member is provided 
 with subjective mechanically operating members, 
 which, to every test of inverse visual and tactual con- 
 sciousness are the exact counterparts of the corres- 
 ponding members of the outer organic enginery; and 
 like those members are under the complete control of 
 the conscious governing member. Hence we find in 
 the animal organism both material and immaterial 
 engineries, the former existing at one side, and the 
 latter at the oppsite side of the resilient element of 
 governing consciousness; whereby, upon the removal 
 of the outer organic enginery from the conjoint pro- 
 moting and governing members, the immaterial sub- 
 jective enginery will still subsist, and provide the re- 
 quisite mechanical factor for continued conscious 
 action. 
 
 When the animal organism is awake, the sensibility 
 of the governing member is derived from the trans- 
 mitted energies of the material outer environment; 
 but when in the dream state, its sensibility must be 
 derived from the inversely transmitted energies of the 
 immaterial promoting member, which member has the 
 power to arrange the various sense-symbols in their 
 proper order and sequence, for dramatic and scenic 
 presentation to the consciousness of the governing 
 
50 
 
 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 member, while the governing member through the 
 medium of its immaterial subjective enginery, is able 
 to forcibly change the condition of certain contiguous 
 sense-symbols, whereby the independent individual 
 purpose of the governing member in relation thereto, 
 may be effected. 
 
 That the sense-symbols from which the visual sense- 
 images of dreams are formed are actual entities en- 
 dowed with a form of energy is shown by the fact 
 that the static sense-symbols observed in dreams may 
 be divided into parts, and broken in pieces, by the 
 forcible action thereon of the subjective enginery of 
 the governing member, with an accompanying inverse 
 sensation of resistance, similar to that direct sensation 
 which would occur in the case of material objects in 
 the outer environment. These divided parts of im- 
 material sense-symbols are able to maintain their 
 visual and tactile integrity, until dissolved into their 
 original discrete elements by the removal of the 
 volition of the promoting member, through the fabri- 
 cating action of which they were originally produced. 
 
 It is clearly evident that when the environing ob- 
 jects and a percipient individual organism are at rest, 
 there can be no appearance whatever of movement in 
 the field of visual consciousness. Hence, when in 
 dreams the visual images of moving objects are per- 
 ceived, we may be certain that these visually perceived 
 objects are real moving entities, and that when the 
 appearance of true perspective is preserved between 
 them — as it surely is in dreams — we are dealing with 
 substantial objects formed of immaterial elements, ex- 
 isting in a subjective field of three dimensions. 
 
SUBSTANTIAL REALITY IN DKRAM PHENOMENA. 
 
 51 
 
 The promoting and governing factors of a develop- 
 ing animal organism may, in certain cases, be sub- 
 divided without the loss of promoting and governing 
 function in the several distinct parts of the sub- 
 division. Hence, when we observe in dreams true 
 representations of conscious individual intelligences 
 which are capable of sensible intelligent action, we 
 may reasonably consider that these intelligences have 
 each been endowed with a divisional form of the con- 
 sciousness of the promoting member, and that they 
 are subject to the promoting member in the per- 
 formance of their functions. 
 
 The field of dreams — which is the presentative field 
 of the promoting member — provides a subjective en- 
 vironment, which, to the inverse consciousness of the 
 governing member is a counterpart of the objective 
 environment that constitutes the terrestrial factory; 
 and hence, is manifestly appropriate as a field for the 
 performance of the inherent functions of the governing 
 member in a continued state of conscious existence. 
 And by assuming that the coaction of the promoting 
 and governing members in the dream state of the 
 organism is analogous to their coaction when they are 
 removed from the organic enginery in the mortal 
 metamorphosis, we will be able to descibe clearly, the 
 future condition aud operative function of the govern- 
 ing and promoting members. 
 
52 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 ANALOGIES OP ANIMAL TRANSFORMATION. 
 
 Upon an empirical investigation of the phenomenon 
 of animal metamorphosis, we find that, for every 
 transformation that occurs in the life of an animal 
 organism, there must have been a preceding prepara- 
 tory stage, in which the necessary materials for effect- 
 ing the coming change were collected from the envi- 
 ronment, and assimilated by the organism. We also 
 find that the physical organs required for initial ac- 
 tion, at the opening of the changed life condition, 
 must have been first built up, and in a more or less re- 
 stricted degree exercised, preparatory to the coming 
 transformation. Or, in other words, for the most es- 
 sential functions to be performed in any changed state 
 of existence, such function must have been in some 
 limited degree performed in the immediate prior con- 
 dition of the organism. 
 
 Hence, if the extinction of the physical life of an 
 animal organism implies a transformation from one 
 life condition to another, through the removal of the 
 promoting and governing members from their joint or- 
 ganic enginery, a prior fabricative preparation for 
 such a transformation is necessary. And since this 
 event may occur at any time, such preparation should 
 
ANALOGIES OF ANIMAL TRANSFORMATION. 
 
 53 
 
 be constant and unremitting. Therefore, if we can- 
 not point out the required constant and unceasing 
 preparation for a future conscious state of existence, 
 the fact of such existence becomes involved in doubt, 
 and cannot be scientifically admitted. 
 
 It is within our knowledge, as heretofore stated, that 
 the recognized manifestations of sensible light, color, 
 and sound, which are developed to the consciousness 
 of the governing member, do not exist externally of 
 the organism, but are simply original fabrications, 
 produced entirely within the limits of the governing 
 and promoting members, through the mechanical effect 
 of the physical undulations that occur directly be- 
 tween the external objects and the organs of sense. 
 It is also within our knowledge that these physical 
 undulations are being constantly employed, during 
 the entire conscious existence of the animal organism, 
 in the fabricative acquisition of sense-representing 
 factors, from which sense-symbols adapted for the 
 production of inverse consciousness in the governing 
 member may be fabricated. Hence, the first men- 
 tioned requirement of an incessant constructive prep- 
 aration for the inevitable mortal metamorphosis may, 
 in the constant and unceasing fabrication of such fac- 
 tors, be fully complied with. 
 
 But we have also to apply the test of prior limited 
 exercise, in this life, of those special functions that 
 will be required in their full perfection in another 
 state of existence from which the present objects of 
 sense and the peripheral organic enginery of sensation 
 and motion are wholly separated. And in this re- 
 
54 THE DOCTRINE OP MECKANICALISM. 
 
 spect, also, we are able to point out the required pre- 
 paratory exercise for a coming metamorphosis, in the 
 universally occurring phenomenon of dreams, in which 
 the fabricated sense-symbols are often presented to the 
 consciousness of the governing member with practi- 
 cally the full vividness of light, color, and sound, and 
 with all the minuteness of mechanical detail pertain- 
 ing to the material objects from which they were orig- 
 inally derived. Hence we may reasonably conclude 
 that in the objective world, the animal organism is 
 constantly engaged in the individual fabrication and 
 accumulation of sensive sense-representing factors; 
 and that, in the subjective dream world, the promot- 
 ing and governing members of the organism are being 
 together exercised — under present imperfect condi- 
 tions — in preparation for their proper conjoint action 
 during the mortal metamorphosis. 
 
 It is well known that consciousness in the animal 
 organism is dependent upon a full supply of blood to 
 the brain; and that, if the proper flow of blood is in- 
 terfered with, consciousness ceases. How then can it 
 be reasonably presumed that conscious memory can 
 exist upon the removal of the sanguineous elements of 
 the organic enginery, upon which consciousness at 
 present absolutety depends? 
 
 In reply to this question it may be stated that, in 
 the transformation of an animal from one life condi- 
 tion to another, we have in nature examples of both 
 immediate and prolonged metamorphosis. An immedi- 
 ate metamorphosis occurs, when the transformation 
 removes the organism at once entirely from its prior 
 
ANALOGIES OF ANIMAL TRANSFORMATION. . 55 
 
 life condition. A prolonged metamorphosis occurs 
 when a stage intervenes, in which the organism is but 
 partially removed from its prior state, and for a time 
 makes additional preparation for a subsequent com- 
 pletion of the metamorphosis. In the case of the 
 higher animal organisms, the transformation effected 
 by the separation of the governing and promoting 
 members from their organic engineries constitutes a 
 prolonged, and not an immediate metamorphosis, since 
 the governing member is to be actuated to conscious- 
 ness through the action of the reversely presented 
 sense-images, which are related entirely to objects of 
 the present life and environment. Therefore, it is 
 only upon the completion of a subsequent fabrication, 
 which must be effected through the action of the ever- 
 conscious promoting member, that a complete meta- 
 morphosis will be established. Furthermore, in every 
 case of prolonged organic metamorphosis, the tissues 
 of a previously employed structure, — now of no fur- 
 ther use or benefit, are caused to disintegrate and be- 
 come dissolved into their original discrete elements, 
 in order to provide suitable material for the fabrica- 
 tion of a new and distinct structure for the comple- 
 tion of the metamorphosis. Hence it will be clearly 
 seen that the analogous disintegration of certain 
 structures which were originally fabricated from the 
 sensive cell-elements of the organism, and usefully em- 
 ployed by the governing and promoting members dur- 
 ing their conjoint connection with the organic en- 
 ginery, and which are now of no further use, may pro- 
 vide the same discrete elements as before, for the for- 
 
56 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 mation of new fabrics of memory in which occurring 
 states of sensive, emotive and co-ordinative conscious- 
 ness may be recorded, without requiring the acquisi- 
 tion of original material from a continued circulation 
 of blood. 
 
 In the pupal metamorphosis of certain species of in- 
 sects, where very extensive changes of structure are 
 to be effected, the necessary disintegration of those 
 tissues which are no longer required is due to the ac- 
 tivity of the independent blood corpuscles, or leu- 
 cocytes, which pertain to the vascular system of the 
 insect organism, and, therefore, to the field of the pro- 
 moting member, the disused larval organs being broken 
 up by the leucocytes and disintegrated, to form the 
 requisite building material for the succeeding more 
 elaborate structure. And in this case, the disintegra- 
 tion of the larval tissues is not to be attributed to the 
 previous death of the cells, but is the result of the in- 
 dependent action of the leucocytes on tissues which, 
 although weakened in their vital power, are still liv- 
 ing; so that, while the most active larval tissues are 
 enabled to withstand the attacks of the leucocytes, the 
 less active are divided by them into fragments and re- 
 duced to their discrete elementary condition, in order 
 to provide proper material for subsequent constructive 
 fabrication. So likewise, in the transformation of 
 the tadpole into an adult frog the disintegration of 
 the living tissues of its tail for the fabrication there- 
 from of the required new structure is solely effected 
 by the action of the leucocytes. And such disintegra- 
 tion of tissues by independent organisms is common 
 
ANALOGIES OF ANIMAL TRANSFORMATION. 
 
 57 
 
 in animal metamorphosis — the leucocytes themselves 
 finally becoming incorporated as permanent integral 
 elements in the tissues of the new organization. 
 
 We further find in animal metamorphosis, that not 
 only the material tissues of the organic enginery are 
 disintegrated and transformed into other tissues by 
 the action of the promoting member, but the con- 
 trolling instinct of the organism which embraces the 
 immaterial sensive and emotive factors, is also 
 changed and modified, in order to adapt the animal 
 to its required new life condition. 
 
 Hence we may posit that it is a fundamental law of 
 animal transformation, from one life condition to an- 
 other by prolonged metamorphosis, that some of the 
 parts of the organism which had a function in the 
 prior life condition must be broken up and dissolved, 
 to provide the required material for the development 
 of the new organs, and that, where extensive changes 
 of organization are required to complete the trans- 
 formation, the necessary dissolution of the unused 
 parts is to be effected by the action of certain inde- 
 pendent sensible agencies, which pertain to the field of 
 the promoting member. And these changes are to be 
 effected in the immaterial, as well as the material ele- 
 ments of the organism. 
 
 We may now be asked to point out in the human 
 mortal metamorphosis the necessary independent sen- 
 sive agencies that are capable of effecting the required 
 extensive changes in the organization for the full 
 completion of its transformation in the line of its pre- 
 dominant attributes, either of beneficence or male- 
 ficence. 
 
58 
 
 THE DOCTRINE OF MECHANICALISM. 
 
 We often find in the field of dreams certain true 
 representations of conscious individual intelligences, 
 which present to the inverse consciousness of the gov- 
 erning member all the characteristics of objective 
 reality and intelligent action, that pertained to those 
 individuals of the terrestrial factory, in connection 
 with which, the emotive factors of the governing mem- 
 ber were originally developed and exercised. And by 
 means of such intelligently acting individual repre- 
 sentations, the promoting member has the power to 
 present for the contemplation and action of the gov- 
 erning member, such scenes and incidents, as will favor 
 the continued growth of the stronger emotive-factors, 
 with a corresponding reduction of the weaker. Hence 
 we may posit that if, at the initiation of the mortal 
 metamorphosis, the tendency of the stronger emotive 
 factors of the governing member is toward the dispen- 
 sation of energy for maleficent selfish fabrication, then 
 the elements of its weaker emotive factors which per- 
 tain to beneficent fabrication, must necessarily be re- 
 duced and fabricatively appropriated, in order to pro- 
 vide the requisite immaterial elements for the pro- 
 motion of the stronger emotive factors of maleficence, 
 and vice versa, the required reductive changes and 
 appropriation of elements for the proper completion of 
 the metamorphosis, being necessarily effected in the 
 line of least resistance. So that the governing mem- 
 ber, will, by the inevetable suppression of its weaker 
 emotive factors during the progress of its mortal 
 metamorphosis, be rendered either positively malefi- 
 cent or positively beneficent in its impulses and gov- 
 
ANALOGIES OF ANIMAL TRANSFORMATION. 
 
 59 
 
 erning actions, and be thereby fitted either for the 
 righteous field of the beneficent Supreme Governor, or 
 for the opposite reactive field of the maleficent Ad- 
 verse Medium. 
 
 It is evident that if, in the case of one individual, the 
 promoting member is constrained by the intrinsic 
 character of the governing member, to derive its trans- 
 forming power from an energy which pertains to the 
 active field of the Supreme Governor, and in the case 
 of another individual from an energy which pertains 
 to the reactive field of the Adverse Medium — then the 
 engineries provided for the objective action of these 
 individuals at the completion of their transformations, 
 will be attuned to their respective transforming fields 
 of energy, whereby the world which is adapted for the 
 conscious action of the one transformed individual, 
 will be separate and distinct from that of the other. 
 
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