^^ ,:^K. %/ />^^ %,^^ ,^^Srs >. o^ "'*■' •* ^o v''>' '*ov^ U fr " ' * .^^. » • "^o '^^^^^ n')^"^ '>^:^ ^^^'^cv "^^^?^^^#^*" ^ ^f-, C' '<:> .^* .0^ .*v .v^ % '•' V^* .-...^*<: ^^" 1 O V --0^ <.*^'=^^ **'-^^ / y7. - ^0' ;■ REPORT OF THE XJ ^- Xj zM I Maryland Council of Defense TO THE Governor AND General Assembly OF MARYLAND 3} z■>■^ ■ 1 AUS 2S ]920 PREFACE In this report and the reports and letters which accompany it will be found an account of the Council's work in Maryland during the Great War. Maryland's nearness to Washington and its contact with Government life gave it unique experi- ence in many angles of the war. Most States lost popu- lation due to their young men going into service. Maryland furnished 61,839 men, which was more than its quota, and yet its war population was far above its normal pop- ulation, due to the fact that vast numbers were brought to Maryland by forty Government centers and operations and by the shipyards, the munition w^orks and other war industries. Under the circumstances, Maryland's record in solving the problems involved in these new conditions and in meeting every call of the Government for service, money or labor was deeply gratifying, and, added to all this, was its remarkable achieve- ment in materially increasing its agricultural production dur- ing the war period, bringing the yields of its farms and gar- dens to the highest point known in the history of the State. The larger and finer story of Maryland in the war will tell of the service of its 60,000 men and women in uniform, of their courage and sacrifice on every battle front; but through co- operation and personal sacrifice without limit their hoioe folk^ were doing all in their power to send them food, supplies and support, and to keep their State keyed to the top notch in loyalty and production. The receipts and expenditures are given in detail, but it would be impossible to present in a report the details that would cover the entire scope of the Council's work. We found that the cost was not the best measure of value; some of the finest and most useful undertakings of the Council required little expenditure; they were beyond price, because they came through the co-operation of the people. Some of the best service of the Council was in fwt doing things. The Executive Committee spent much time in heading off well meant but unwise projects, in preventing duplicatiou of work; thus thousands of dollars were saved to the people of Maryland. Our office was a clearing-house for people within and without the Council's work, and to this office came repre- sentatives of every branch of the Government and every war undertaking. The Council was, therefore, in touch with all war work, and the mass of information tliat was dispensed through its headquarters was very large. Particular attention is directed to the reports of Mrs. Eliza- beth T. Shoemaker, Chairman of the Women's Section; pages 168 to 212. These present a continuous narrative of the work of the Women's Section and it is a very remarkable account of notable achievement. During the war the women of Maryland rose to new eminence in service and patriotism. Maryland never knew anything to equal it; no state anywhere surpassed it. To Mrs. Shoemaker we owe a debt of gratitude for her arduous labor, her constant assistance and her inspiring leader- ship, and to all her associates we make our best acknowledg- ments. No one can read the reports of their work without realizing that the women of Maryland contributed their full share towards winning the war. Our Counties did great work, and their chairmen, both men and women, deserve large credit. The plan for the history of Maryland in the war given in the proceedings of the Execu- tive Committee and the General Meeting and in the i-eport of the Historical Division, emphasizes the duty of each county to put its history in shape as promptly as possible. Organizing a State and its people to help the Government win a world Avar was new work. It would require many vol- umes to tell the full story, to give individual credit in all cases where individual credit is due, but, if it can be said that our work has been even to a degree successful, it is the people of Maryland to whom the credit belongs. They furnished the funds, co-operated magnificently and gave to their sons and daughters in the service loyal support during the war and a glorious welcome home. May we not hope that the spirit of unselfishness and mutual help will remain with us as the heritage of our war work and as an inspiration in our thoughts and deeds as citizens of the State that lias done its duty in every war and crisis of the nation ! This report was printed in a first edition in December, 1019, and copies of it were distributed to the Slate officers and mem- bers of the General Assembly. It was then held back in order that it might include, in a second edition, the history of the work of the Council to the day of its dissolution — Juu'^ 30, n)LM>. The l>ook wns compiled by Lynn R. Meekins. Index Page COMMISSION OF THE GOVERNOR ii PREFACE iii INDEX V APPENDIX INDEX vii TESTIMONIAL PRESENTED TO THE FAMILIES OF MARY- LANDERS WFIO LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THE GOVERNMENT DURING THE WAR viii CERTIFICATE FOR COUNCIL WORKERS ix LETTER OF GOVERNOR EMERSON C. HARRINGTON, CON- TINUING THE LEGAL EXISTENCE OF THE COUNCIL.. x LETTER OF GOVERNOR ALBERT C. RITCHIE xi LETTER OF SECRETARY NEWTON D. BAKER xii REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE MARY- LAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, 1918 and 1919, FRANCIS E. WATERS, CHAIRMAN 9 Appropriations 9 Changes in ttie Council 11 Administration 12 Audits . . 13 Report of Treasurer 1^ Permanent Assets 14 Co-operation with the National Council 14 The Annual Meeting 15 Military • ■ . . • • 17 Second Infantry 19 Military Enrollment 21 Guarding Waterworks of Baltimore City 21 Registration Day 22 Reception of Troops 23 Camp Meade 27 Camp Community Work 28 Caring for Soldiers 31 Housing Problem .32 Motor Truck Trains .32 Bureau of Returning Soldiers, Sailors and War Workers 35 Protecting the Camp Zone 39 Ordnance Department 40 Deserters and Delinquents 40 Maryland War Board 41 lyegal Committees 42 Women's Section ••..•• 43 American Red Cross 4.5 Americanization 47 Food Administration 47 Fuel Administration 48 Transportation 49 Non-War Construction • • • • 51 Commercial Economy 53 Page Maryland Physicians ^ Helping the Navy '^ Labor and Employment ^' Boys' Working Reserve ^ Compulsory Work Bureau ^ Rent Profiteering Committee o- Educational Committee ^ Agricultural : Maryland Farms Gained During War 6» Value of the College "70 Farm Labor ^1 Better Seed for Farmers 73 Maryland's Notable E}xperiment in Tractors 73 Increasing and Saving Wheat 74 Protecting the Sheep 74 Fighting Bovine Tuberculosis 75 Fighting Pests and Diseases 75 Women's Excellent Work 76 Tribute to the Homemakers 76 All Helped 77 Health 77 Report of Si>ecial Committee 78 CJommunicable Discards 79 Influenza Epidemic 79 Insane Soldiers 79 Appropriations 80 To Meet the Scarcity of Nurses 80 Colored Division 80 Solicitation of Funds 83 Communitj' Singing 85 Community Council 87 letter of President Wilson to Maryland Chairman 88 Growth of State Council 89 The New Field Division 91 Publications 93 Historical Division 94 Testimonials land Memorials 97 After the Armistice Was Signed 98 Council Property 100 Publicity 101 State Officers ■ • 101 Recommendations 104 Conclusion 104 MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, MEMBERS 106 COUNTY COMMISSIONS 106 WOMEN'S SECTION, STATE COMMISSION 108 WOMEN'S SECTION. COUNTY COMMISSIONS 109 .10IX)RED DIVISION Ill WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT. COLORED DIVISION 118 REPORT OF THE TREASURER 114 STATE AUDITOR'S REPORT 116 APPENDIX INDEX Page A. — Joint Resolution No. 1, Pledging the Resources of Maryland 139 B. — Text of Act Creating the Maryland Cbuneil of Defense 139 C— Act Authorizing the War Loan of $1,000,000 141 D. — Act providing for the Maryland State Guard 143 B. — The War Address of Grovernor Emerson C. Harrington 143 F. — First Report of the Executive Committee July 11, 1917, to December 31, 1917. Francis E. Waters, Chairman 153 G. — First Report of the Women's Section for 1917. Mrs. Elizabeth T. Shoemaker, Chairman Ib8 H. — Second Report of the Women's Section: April 10, 1917, to February 16, 1919. Mrs. Elizabeth T. Shoemaker, chairman 201 I.— Officers of the Second Infantry, Maryland State Guard 213 J. — Military Enrollment of Maryland 215 K. — The Educational Committee and a brief Summary of its Work. Dr. John H. Latane, Chairman 216 L. — Report of the Agricultural Work conducted under the Agri- cultural Committee. Dr. A. F. Woods, Chairman 222 M. — Furloughs for Farmers 243 N. — The Call of Labor. Advertisement and Letters 244 O.— Report of the Legal Committee. T. Scott Off utt. Chairman . . 246 P.— School Children and Farm Work 260 Q. — United States Boys' Working Reserve, 1918; Frank B. Cahn, Director. After the Armistice ; Gen. Clinton L. Riggs 261 R. — History of the Bureau For Returning Soldiers, Sailors and War Workers. John K. Shavp, Chairman 272 S. — United States Employment Service, State of Maryland 278 T. — Compulsory Work Bureau. George A. Mahone, Director 281 U. — The Maryland Council's Effort to Increase The Supply of Nurses During: the War Period 285 V. — Non-War O>nstruction. The Work at Mt Vernon Place. . . . 291 W. — The Colored Division. Dr. Ei'nest Lyon, Chairman 296 X.— Report of Chief of Police, Camp Meade 303 Y. — Commendations of the Work and Publioations of the Mary- land Council 304 Z. — Taking Care of the War Truck Trains in 1918 308 ZZ. — Historical Division, George L. Radcliffe, Chairman 318 ADDENDUM October, 1919, to June 30, 1920. The E^nal Meeting of the Executive Committee 324 ^ ^.'i^ ^^l 1\^ ii ^ I "^^ i vi I ^ 1^ .^^fe-. C4 ^ 1111 I ft 1;^^ Hi U'' \5!i \^ IS > "^ ^ ^ ^ v^ ^v^ \ ^ ^ ;*.^ <;> s* -> vO Executive Department Annapouis Maryu January 0th, 1920. General Francis B. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland, My dear General Waters: The time has now cone when the work of the CoxiriOil i3 practically over, and, were it not that the Committee ap- pointed by your Bod^' to collect the data of the war work activities, and especially the record or history of every one in the service of our Country from Maryland in the late war, have not completed its work, I woizld deem it proper at this time to dissolve your Body, But, helieving that the completion of this work will be of the highest importance to the State, I shall continue the legal existence of tha Council until such time as this work shall be completed or until such time as my suoceasor shall act in the premises, I want, in language as strong as I can comiioand, to ooramend the excellent service rendered by the Council, and especially to commend the noble patriotic work of the Exec- utive Committee in the great trust committed to them. liay I not, throi^gh you, express to them my highest appreciation of their service. Bo Governor in the Union had the support of abler, or more patriotic men and women than I had during the war. To you personally, as Chairman of this Body and this Committee, I extend my own and the State's warmest con- gratulations and good wishes. Very sincerely yours. LfceR* C R iTCm It ^''^.Ji%y^- ExECUTivE Department wo Anoirso" Jb Sec ANr^APOLiS Maryland June 9, 1920. General Prancia E, v/atere, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, llaryland. Dear General V/aters : The emergency which called Into being the Ilaryland Coimcil of Defense, created by Chapter 24 of the Acta of 1917, being terminated, and the activities of the body being ended, it be cornea my duty to formally dlsaolve the council, which I hereby do, to take effect June 30^ 1920, I have been advised that the council, of which you are Chairman, has wound up its affairs and is awaiting thio letter from me before holding its final meeting* The termination of the ?.iarylao4 Council of Defense marks the close of a bright page in the history of the State. You and your associates are deserving of the hi^est praise for the able, oonscientiouB and untiring manner in which all of you worked during the war to enable Maryland to respond to the demands made upon its resouroea at a time when the existance of the nation was imperilled. I congratulate you and the other members of the council upon the splendid aor- vloes you have given the State, Very truly youra, A^i^^^(ake Montebello, under your authorization to the Police Board. "The work was very etiiciently done in a quiet manner, and we appre- ciate the assistance and protection that was given us." Registration Day Kegistration Day, September 12, 1918, offered an excellent test of the efficiency of the Maryland Council organization in performing for the Government a task of great value. That was the day on which the man-power of the nation between the ages of eighteen and forty-five was summoned. Maryland had con- tributed far more than her pro rata in men and money and mu- nitions in every call that had been made upon her, so in some quarters there was a feeling that the new registration might not reach the high figures fixed by the Provost Marshal Gen- eral. The Maryland Council of Defense was asked to use its whole organization in arousing the interest of the State. This was done. Two weeks before Registration Day the Chairman began to send telegrams to the counties and to communicate with all the different committees. The first of these telegrams read: ''Please co-operate fully with draft officials on Registration Day. National Council asks that every band be playing and every flag flying. Try to reach every man in your locality who should register. Help to make Maryland's record one hundred per cent." The Executive Committee secured bands from the neighbor- ing camps and authorized the county chairmen to hire bands for local parades. In Baltimore a very elaborate program was carried through. Bands playing all day criss-crossed the city in special street cars continuously. A great bell on a car was taken to every section and its noise was heard throughout the city. Army buglers in automobiles run by the Motor Messenger Service, under Captain Gambrill, reached all parts of the city. The services of the Motor Messenger Service were given by the young ladies. The McShane Bell Foundry, who furnished the big bell, and the United Eailways, who furnished the cars, charged nothing for their contributions. This spirit of generosity prevailed throughout the State. As usual, we found the people anxious to co-operate with the war work of t. Maryland Council of Defense. There never was in the whole history of Maryland a noisier or a more interesting day. It happened to be the 12th of Sep- tember, the anniversary of our national anthem, and this added to the interest and enthusiasm. The result of the work was that Maryland went far "over the top," and the following tele- gram was received from the Council of National Defense : "Provost Marshal General greatly pleased by your fine support and that given by state and county councils in draft registration. Congratulations." Reception of Troops In May, 1919, the matter of receiving the soldiers and sailors who had begun to return from abroad occupied the attention of the State, and there was a general desire that Maryland should give the men a worthy welcome. The first idea was to raise the money by private subscription, but the troops began to return before this could he done, and if became necessary to turn to the Maryland Council of Defense. Knowing that this action was contemplated, the Chairman asked the Attorney-General for his opinion, and the Attorney- General replied as follows : "I have your favor of May 17th, 1919. It is my opinion that ex- penses incident to the reception of Maryland troops on their return from the war are within the purposes for which the proceeds of the War Loan of 1917 may be expended, and your Committee is the sole judge of the character of expenditures which may be made in this connection." A meeting was held on May 19th, 1919, at which were present Francis E. Waters, chairman; Governor Emerson C, Harring- ton, Hon. Hugh A. McMullen, Hon. Stevenson A. Williams, Judge Hammond Urner, Frank A. Furst, Hon. John M. Dennis, and the Attorney-General, Hon. Albert C. Kitchie. A com- mittee represented the Maryland Reception and Memorial Committee as follows : Judge James P. Gorter, chairman ; Mrs. C. Baker Clotworthy, Van Lear Black and Walter B, Brooks. There was a general discussion in which all participated. Upon the retirement of the delegation, Stevenson A. Williams moved and Hugh A. McMullen seconded the motion, that $50,000 or so much thereof as might be necessary, be appropriated for the reception and entertainment of Maryland soldiers, sailors and marines by the Maryland Reception and Memorial Com- mittee, and that the bills be audited by a committee consisting of Judge James P. Gorter, Van Lear Black, Walter B. Brooks, and Mrs. C. Baker Clotworthy, and paid on the approval of the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense. This motion was carried unanimously. Mr. McMullen then moved, and Mr. Dennis seconded the mo- tion, that for each county there be further appropriated |20.00 per thousand population for the local entertainment of return- ing soldiers, sailors and marines, and that the money be expend- ed through the county chairmen of the Maryland Council of De- fense, and according to rules to be decided upon by Francis E. Waters, chairman. This motion was also carried unanimously. 24 Thus the way was made clear for the reception to Maryland men that will be remembered and praised as long as records of the State endure. In May the men began to arrive at Newport News and New York. The weather was hot and the conditions were not favor- able, but in spite of this, large committees of Maryand mea and women were at the docks to greet the Maryland boys,, and close at hand were Maryland dinners, with Maryland fried chicken and the trimmings. The results were all that could be desired. For the home welcome to the returning men Marylanders united in a mighty effort of love and appreciation. The Gov- ernor issued a proclamation in which he said that "Maryland's contribution to the Army and Navy of sixty thousand men, of whom more than forty thousand went overseas, was far above the average of States, maintaining and increasing Maryland's record of doing more than her share in every war in which the nation has been engaged," and that ''the State of Maryland^ through the Maryland Council of Defense, has given aid in order that the celebrations may be worthy and complete, and that they may be tributes of the whole State to the magnificent loyalty and courage of our men" ; therefore, he declared Satur- day, May 31, 1919, a public holiday, and asked the people "to make it a day of rejoicing and of praise, and to do all in their power to greet our heroes in the finest glow of gratitude, ap- preciation and happiness. Let us make Maryland's welcome the noblest celebration and the most loving greeting in the whole history of our beloved State." This welcome on May 31, 1919, will stand as a memorable day in Baltimore's history. The reception to the men was beyond description. Marylanders poured into the city from all direc- tions until there were almost a million persons in Baltimore to greet the troops. The great parade, the review by the Governor and the Mayor, the dinner at the Fifth Regiment Armory, the brilliant decorations were all on a splendid scale, but the big- gest thing was the enthusiasm of the people. The cost to the State was less than $38,000, two-thirds of which was for feed- 25 ing tlie troops at Newport News. Much more than that was spent by the people of Baltimore. The reception for the sailors and marines was held on the 12th of September, Old Defenders' Day, the anniversary of "The Star-Spangled Banner." Maryland had about nine thousand men in the Navy, more in proportion to population, perhaps, than any other State, and this fact, combined with the historic significance of the day, made the occasion one long to be re- membered. In the morning a particularly fine naval and ma- rine parade was held, and was reviewed by the Governor and the Mayor of Baltimore, and by Cardinal Mercier of Belgium and Cardinal Gibbons. It ended at the Fifth Regiment Armory, where addresses of welcome and appreciation were delivered by Governor Harrington, Mayor Broening, Judge James P. Gorter, Former Governor Phillips Lee Goldsborough and others. Din- ner was served to thousands of the men. The afternoon was taken up by a remarkably interesting naval and athletic carni- val and regatta, with many naval boats and airships present. At night there was a dance and dinner at the Armory, with twenty thousand persons present. The day was a complete success. Maryland was the first State to give a welcome to its sailors and marines. The Navy and the citizens of Baltimore, especially the women, contributed music, food and money, and thus the whole atfair, which could not have been produced except at almost prohibitive expense without this co-operation, required the expenditure of less than |7,000 from the fund voted to the Reception and Memorial Committee by the Maryiani Council. In the counties was found a fine spirit of civic help. The Executive Committee's appropriation of |20.00 per one thou- sand of population was intended to stimulate local interest and this was admirably realized. Some counties spent on welcom- ing their soldiers three and four times as much as the State contributed through the Council. In fourteen of the counties the distribution of testimonials to the families of the men who lost their lives during the war was made a part of the program. In all the counties that had programs the men were abundantly 26 fed on Maryland dinners, in which fried chicken took the star place. Thus it can be said that in no State were the returning sol- diers, sailors, marines and war-workers more cordially, enthusi- astically or genuinely welcomed than in Maryland, which stood true to her best traditions of hospitality and to her sacred love and admiration of her sons and daughters. Camp Meade In 1917 the Maryland Council furnished the money to the Board of Public Works for the clearing of Camp Meade in order to carry out the pledge of the State, the total being |176,118.09 ; other expenditures at Camp Meade brought this total to $200,- 1 05.50. Maryland was the only State that did this work for the Government at its own expense, and it has been a question as to whether or not Maryland should ask the Government to refund the cost. The Executive Committee has discussed the matter, but has taken no action on it, considering that as the original proposition to clear the camp site at State expense came from the State government, it would be better to let the matter rest in the hands of the Governor and the General Assembly. During 1918 the Council kept up its work in the Camp Meade zone under the direction of the State of Maryland Department of Health. The sanitary conditions surrounding the camp were regularly inspected, the expense being borne from Council funds. The controversy between the military authorities and the Maryland Department of Health concerning the pollution of Little Patuxent river by the House of Correction was settled by the Executive Committee of the Council making three dif- ferent appropriations to the State Board of Prison Control, one for a chlorination plant, one for the completion of a modern water system for the Maryland House of Correction, and one for the protection of winter work on the new construction. During 1918 and 1919 the Chief of Police for the zone of Camp Meade was continued. It was reported to us that as the result of the regular patrol of the zone of the camp, Camp Meade had been the best protected of all the military camps of the country. There was excellent co-operation between the military and civil authorities in this work. Throughout 1918 the Committee maintained an Information Bureau for the soldiers at the Baltimore station of the Wash- ington, Baltimore and Annapolis Railway Company. The value of this service was far beyond its cost of $2,000. The bureau was open day and night, and was a constant convenience to thousands of people. From the beginning, the location in Maryland of a great mili- tary camp of forty thousand young men, midway between two large cities and less than an hour's ride from Baltimore, was regarded with considerable alarm by many good people, and moral dangers were magnified, but most of this apprehension, while perhaps natural, never materialized. Our young men showed qualities far beyond expectations. However, the prob- lems were placed early and repeatedly before the Executive Committee, and its action was urged with great force. The Committee was not able to favor the first proposition which came from representatives from Washington, but it appointed its own committee, known as the Maryland War Recreation Commission, as follows: Dr. William Burdick, chairman; Dr. J. W. Magruder, William H. Morriss, R. C. Edlund, Mrs. Frank- lin P. Cator, Miss Isabel Harmon, Eli Frank, J. Hampton Baumgartner and Miss Mary Claire O'Brien. On December 3, 1917, this committee, headed by Dr. William Burdick, chairman, and by Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, chairman of the Women's Section, appeared before the Executive Com- mittee and asked for an appropriation of |3,300 to cover an experimental period of six months of moral welfare work at Camp Meade. The proposition was developed so that it came up before the Conmiittee for action on January 3, 1918. It was called a movement for the prevention of immorality in the neighborhood of military encampments, and included the serv- ices of women as well as men who would visit the camps, and also be on watch in the city. A letter from the National Council advocated the work. The Executive Committee voted the |3,300 for a six months' campaign, ''this money to be under the Mary- 28 land War Eecreation Commission, acting in conjunction with the Executive Committee of the Women's Section." The ex- periment was continued for several months, but by that time the War Department had begun to develop its scheme, and con- ferences were held to arrange for a closer co-operation with the Maryland Committee. The Government stated that Maryland had been the pioneer in the work and gave it full credit. The Maryland War Eecreation Commission held a meeting June 17, 1918, and voted unanimously that, in view of the fact that the War Camp Community Work was being reorganized throughout the country, and that, as Executive Committees were being appointed direct by the War Department and Navy Department Commissions on Training Camp Activities, the Maryland War Recreation Commission tendered its resignation to take effect immediately. This resignation was accepted and a new committee, known as the War Camp Community Service, was appointed, as follows: Judge Morris A. Soper, chairman; John J. Nelligan, treasurer; James W. Chapman, Jr., Mrs. Franklin P. Cator, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, Philips Lee Golds- borough and Mrs. John Girdwood. The unexpended balance of the |3,300 appropriation was used by this new committee. Later, when the needs of larger equip- ment for taking care of the soldiers in Baltimore became ur- gent, the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council appro- priated f 7,500 for the purchase of blankets and cots, the owner- ship of these articles to be retained by the State. Thus the work which the Maryland Council started in 1917 developed into a well-organized and very useful movement in this State and secured the active co-operation and direction of the Na- tional authorities. This has been one of the most difficult prob- lems before the Committee, and its successful working out is due to the interest and consideration of all who took part in it. The Maryland War Recreation Commission did the pioneer work, and the War Camp Community Service has greatly broadened the usefulness of the cause. They have provided the men with clubs, personal attentions, theater tickets, entertain- ments, food and other aid. 29 Camp Meade played a fine part in the war. Meade men were on every front and in the midst of the fighting. They won im- perishable honors. Maryland greatly enjoyed their presence while they were at Meade, and there was built up a cordial so- cial relationship that included all from the recruit to the com- manding general. This camp was of large commercial value to the State, especially to Baltimore. The wisdom of the location was proved by the convenience and the healthful ness, and by the fact, significant to all soldiers, that the men liked Meade and appreciated especially the hospitality within reach. So signal was the success and desirability of this camp that your Chairman wrote as follows: February 6, 1919. Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, Subject: Making Camp Meade Permanent. Sir:— Permit me to call your attention to the very favorable location of Camp Meade for permanent use by the Government, and to ask your consideration, if any of the cantonments are to be made permanent, that this be one of them. Located as it is in close proximity to Washington, it seems to afford unusual facilities for, and has great possibilities as an army post or training center; it has splendid transportation facilities, good soil, and climate. This matter may have been suggested to you before, but inasmuch as the State of Maryland expended through the Council a very large amount of money in preparation of this property for a Camp, and that tiie state of Maryland and City of Baltimore have not been found necrlpctful of their responsibilities in aiding in the v^'elfare of those who have been located there, we think it fitting for this Council at this time, to respectfully ask that you give this matter your favorable consider- ation. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Yours very truly, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman. Your Chairman then appointed the following committee on Government Camps and Reservations in Maryland : B. Howell Griswold, Jr., chairman; Charles C. Homer, Jr., W. H, Hay- ward, C. Morgan Marshall, William E. Ferguson, Jacob W. Hook, P. M. Womble, William H. Matthai, John H. Ferguson, Samuel Shoemaker, W. Mason Shehan, Easton; Vernon S. 30 Bradlej^ Cambridge ; Holmes D. Baker, Frederick ; E. L. Mere- dith, Hagerstown, and W. L. Sperry, Cumberland. This committee met on February 11th and took action. With- in a few days B. Howell Griswold, Jr., chairman, accompanied by Adjutant-General Warfield and H. F. French, secured an interview with the Assistant Secretary of War. Not only did Maryland show the finest generosity and co- operation in the location and preparation of Camp Meade, but the prices finally paid seem to have been very satisfactory to the Government. The following announcement was made from Washington under date of December 1, 1919 : Washington, Dec. 1. — The War Department announced tonight that it has completed to date the purchase of 5,992 acres of the- Camp Meade site at a total cost of $448,250. The price per acre is considerably below that paid at oilier cantonments, the ground purchased thus far at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., costing $573 per acre; at Camp Travis, Texas, $332; Dodge, Iowa, $2G7; Grant, 111., $240; Sherman, Ohio, $234; Gordon, Ga., $217; Lee, Va., $136; Dix, N. J., $136; Upton, N. Y., $114; Eustis, Va., $S0 and Custer, Mich., $77. I think the people of Maryland are to be congratulated on having this great military city preserved. Caring for Soldiers When the Executive Committee made the appropriation of |7,500 to the War Camp Community Service, as has been men- tiond above, Judge Morris A. Soper, the chairman, stated to the Committee that on Saturday nights from five to six thousand soldiers were in Baltimore, and that there were only two thou- sand beds for them. The Maryland Council, by the appropria- tion, met this condition. The need illustrated the change that had come over Baltimore under war conditions. It was not only for Camp Meade, but for other camps and war reserva- tions that Baltimore had to provide, and a very large part of this responsibility fell upon the Maryland Council of Defense. There were in the State of Maryland about forty different Gov- ernment camps, reservations and war areas, representing an extra population variously estimated at from seventy to one hundred thousand. In the early days these places had scant accommodations, and the consequence was that Baltimore and the adjacent towns were very crowded. 31 In addition to Camp Meade, we had other large enterprises closer to the city. At Fort McHenry was established a hospital of eight hundred beds, in due time increased to twenty-eight hundred beds. At Evergreen was another base hospital. With- in a radius of ten miles of the city were Government operations, shipbuilding plants and munition works, bringing tens of thou- sands of men to the city. Camp Holabird. located on the east- ern edge of the city, has a capacity of twenty-eight hundred men. The Housing Problem At different periods there was danger of insufficient housing accommodations due to the war and the Government work. Our Council got in touch with employers of such labor and worked out a plan with the hope it might take care of housing emergen- cies. This plan had the approval of the employers, but it did not become necessary to put it in operation. The problem of housing employees other than those requiring houses or apart- ments proved to be more imaginary than real. We had ar- ranged through the Police Commissioners to have a survey of the city made, every house to be visited by a policeman with a questionnaire. With the information thus obtained a Bureau was to be established for placing all persons unable to secure accommodations for themselves. Such a Bureau would have Ijeen expensive but fortunately there never appeared any real need for it. The Council, however, was fully prepared to act if the necessity arose. The comfort of Mai'y land's war population was constantly under the Council's consideration. The Motor Truck Trains Early in December, 1917, your Chairman received urgent messages from the Council of National Defense, stating that the Army was about to begin the movement of motor-truck trains from Detroit, Buffalo and Ohio cities, and that thej were coming to Baltimore. Camp Holabird was then bare ground, with a few dirty shacks, utterly unfit for human habitation. There was no place for the men to sleep or to eat. The Mary- land Council was, therefore, asked not only to care for the men on these trains, but to do all it could to expedite their progress 32 through Maryland. It was in the midst of one of the most severe winters we have ever known, but from the time these motor trains crossed the Maryland boundary line they were welcomed at every point by the citizens, who were organized under the Council and its county commissions. The trucks from the West came by way of Cumberland and by way of Taney- town and Westminster; the trucks from the North by way of Belair. The first train was made a historic procession. The people of Taneytown gave it a cordial welcome and entertained the men. The people of Westminster, under the county chair- man, Dr. Henry M. Fitzhugh, and the chairman of the Women's Section, Mrs. R. S. Shriver, took care of the men over night, gave them accommodations in the town hall, got up a dance and made the whole affair an event in the history of West- minster. From Westminster the first train was escorted to Baltimore by a committee appointed by C. J. Fox, of Baltimore county, and in Baltimore there was an enthusiastic reception, with a banquet at the City Club and speeches by leading citi- zens. The special committee were the following members of the Automobile Club: H. N. Abercrombie, Edmund E. Foster, W. Stran McCurley and Kichard T. Waters and C. O. Reville, H. S. Briscoe and L. F. O'Brien, automobile editors. Train after train arrived until at one time there were estimated to be not less than six hundred men in Baltimore who were the guests of the Maryland Council. To provide these men with comfortable beds and board, which the Gov- ernment allowance per day did not furnish, was a real task. Then it was we found the great value of the aid rendered by the Young Men's Christian Association, whose building was thrown open to the men, and night after night the accommodations were filled. The overflow from the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation was accommodated by the use of the dormitory in the Mt. Vernon Place Methodist Episcopal Church. Towards spring, when the weather grew warmer and the number of arrivals increased, the Adjutant-General, Henry M. Warfield, ever watchful of the welfare of the soldier, placed at the Council's disposal the Fourth Regiment Armory for the use of the men. All this time the people of Westminster were rendering their hospitality, and it was a splendid chapter of 33 patriotic work that tliey aud the people of Belair and of Cum berland and Frostburg added to Maryland history. At Belair the men coming along the other route were handsomely cared for, and at one time there were so many of them that they taxed the resources of the entire town, but the people gave up everything gladly for their comfort. The work at Belair was splendidly done by a committee of ladies of which Miss Lillian K. Forwood was chairman. Cue of its most active mem- bers was Mrs. Walter W. Preston, chairman of the Women's Section for Harford county. During the winter of 1918-19 the drivers of the army automo- bile trucks from the West going East, over the national high- way, were always given a welcome in the town of Frostburg and the city of Cumberland, Allegany county. The people of Frostburg lent every assistance, furnished food, hot coffee and comforts of various kinds to the soldiers passing through on their way East, and at Cumberland the men accom- panying every automobile train were fed bountifully and were given refreshments of various kinds. Those who spent the night in Cumberland were provided with sleeping quarters in the Masonic Temple and other places. During the whole winter and the spring following all truck trains, or rather the men connected with them, received hospitality from the people of Cumberland and vicinity. After the armistice was signed and the United States Army troops were being sent to their cantonments or homes, railway trains were visited by the ladies of Cumberland and the men were furnished with refreshments, a notable instance of hospitality and generosity accorded the returning soldiers by the women of Cumberland. Miss Mary Bobbins deserves spe- cial credit for her kindness and constant service. In Baltimore the officers of the Council and those who worked with them, were in reach day and night, and the extent of this service can be gathered when I say that frequently the motor truck trains arrived at midnight or later and the men had to be fed at very late hours, but so far as we know no one was neglected. We had many expressions of gratitude and appre- ciation from the men. Some of them made more than one trip 34 to Baltimore, and from others we heard expressions of regret that they were not returned. Here we have an instance of the local organization doing difficult work that the Government itself was not prepared to do at the time when it was critically needed. Out of this work has come Camp Holabird. Along the lines of general entertainment your Committee was busy throughout the whole war period. Our people rose to their duty and there were opened in Baltimore various homes and clubs and headquarters for the entertainment of the men. In all these the Maryland Council had an interest, although it was not called uix)n to contribute to all of them financially. The Colored Division provided entertainment and rest rooms for their men, and a branch of the Y. M. C. A. was opened for col- ored soldiers. All in all, we may say that, with the exception of one or two nights when soldiers came by thousands in excess of expectations, there never was a time that Baltimore did not have food and shelter for every man in uniform. I have mentioned the use of the Mt. Vernon Place Methodist Episcopal Church in the entertainment and care of the men of the truck trains. There is an interesting angle to this use of a great Baltimore church. The church dormitory during the war took care of more than twenty thousand men from time to time. It was very fine work. And it had its compensations. The pastor of the church says : "The soldiers have done as much for the church as the church has done for them. Since seeing the working of practical Chris- tianity our congregations have tripled." All of us who had to do with social attention to the sol- dier felt the force of the same experience — we received more than we gave. It was a privilege to serve these young men. Bureau for Returning Soldiers, Sailors and Workers On November 6, 1918, the Executive Committee discussed the feasibility of undertaking to determine the best method to aid those in the Government service from Maryland to enter civil life. The Committee requested Governor Harrington and your 35 Chairman to consider the personnel of a special committee, whose duty it would be to recommend to the State the most practical plan. This matter was further discussed on Novem- ber 20th and on December ith. John K. Shaw, Federal State Director of the United States Employment Service, met in con- ference with the Committee on the request of the Acting Direc- tor of the Council of National Defense, and Nathan A. Smyth, Assistant Director of the United States Employment Service, asking the Maryland Council to support the work of the service in finding employment for the thousands released from war work as well as men released from the Army and Navy, To this end it was asked that the members and representatives of the Maryland Council offer their services, and also that an ap- propriation be made. The Committee, on motion of Mr. Furst, seconded by Mr. Williams, voted unanimously in favor of the co-operation and also made an appropriation of ^5,000 or so much thereof as might be necessary to aid this work. On December 10th the Chairman issued and distributed to all members and representatives the following letter : "A Bureau for Returned Soldiers, Sailors and War Workers has been established under the direction of John K. Shaw, Federal Director for Maryland of the United States Employment Service. The main office is in Baltimore, and there are branch offices in Cumberland, Hagerstown and Salisbury. At the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council held Wed- nesday, December 4th, it was decided to co-operate with the plan of the Government for the installation in the larger centers of bureaus for returning soldiers, sailors and war workers and in the smaller centers to use the services and offices of the com- munity representatives of the Maryland Council of Defense. Therefore, the United States Employment Service will communi- cate with you from time to time asking your aid and advice in the various questions arising in the reception, assLstance and employment of the men returning from the front and from the cantonments. You will please aid in every way possible. "There will be a representative of this Employment Service in each of the principal army camps in the Unitehich involve the utilization of labor, material and capital required in the production, supply or distribution of direct or indirect war needs, notwithstanding they may be of local importance, and of a character which should in normal times meet with every encouragement" ; RESOLVED, That the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense does hereby protest against any action of the City of Baltimore in violation of or contrary to the spirit of said instructions of the National Council of Defense and the War In- dustries Board ; and RESOLVED, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to his Honor, the Mayor of Baltimore, and to the Board of Estimates. The full correspondence on this matter will be found in the Appendix. Commercial Economy The Executive Committee began early its work for commercial economy on the lin^ requested by the Council of National De- fense. A letter was issued to the public and advertised in the daily newspapers, stating: "The movement of the retail merchants of Baltimore to cut down deliveries and to reduce other extra services that are not reasonably necessary is undertaken by the request of the Mary- 53 land Council of Defense acting on tbe request of and co-operating with the Council of National Defense which is inaugurating a nation-wide cauipaign to take 'immediate steps to bring about economy in the delivery service of retail stores.' At its meeting July 24, 1017, the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense thanked the retail merchants of Baltimore, through the Retail Merchants Bureau of the Merchants and Manufacturers Association, for their prompt action and public spirit and asked the people to co-operate with them. The Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense makes the same request of the merchants of every city and town of Maryland." Appeals were made to the merchants to save men and horses in their deliveries, and the people were asked to co-operate, especially by carrying small bundles. On February 27, 1918, Louis K. Gutman, representing the Committee on the Commercial Economy Board work, reported that the movement was well under way to establish a one- delivery-a-day in Baltimore. At the general meeting in June, 11)18, Mr. Gutman reported that the merchants of Baltimore had decided on the one-delivery-a-day and a three-day limit on returned merchandise, and that they virtually stopped special deliveries. It represented the results of a long campaign under the Maryland Council of Defense, and for these results the credit was due to the co-operation of the merchants of Balti- more. In only one instance was this co-operation refused. At its meeting on September 11, 1918, on motion of Mr. Furst, the committee voted in favor of rationing gasoline as a means of conservation, under the direction or control of the Fuel Ad- ministration, and this action was communicated to the Council of National Defense. At the same meeting, on motion of Mr. Furst, the State Board of Prison Control was asked to look into the contract at the penitentiary for the making of brushes, with the suggestion that the two hundred men engaged in this work at 55 cents a day each might be more profitably employed and that a large use of coal might be saved. This purpose was accomplished. 54 Maryland Physicians Maryland must always be proud of the loyal and splendid service of her physicians during the war. Regardless of age or conditions that would have excused many they offered them- selves almost to a man. Those who could not be accepted cheerfully assumed the extra burdens placed upon them and not only responded to all calls in their profession, but worked overtime in helping the general cause. Five of the Council's most faithful members were physicians of large practice and others were members of county commissions. Those who went across included many of the ablest men of Johns Hopkins Medi- cal School, the University of Maryland, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and other colleges. They won the foremost medical and surgical honors of the war, and it might be said without exaggeration that the American soldiers in Europe were under the care of Maryland doctors. Maryland was the first State to contribute her quota of physicians as asked for by the Surgeon General's Department. After the armistice was signed the influenza raged in our State. We had missed our doctors before but we missed them especially during this scourge. Not only was the loss indi- vidual but it involved the operation of our great medical school and hospital. Therefore, on November 25, 1918, your chairman wrote to the Secretary of War reminding him that the Johns Hopkins Hospital Unit had left on the first convoy of the American Expeditionary Forces, the first hospital with the Forces; that their services were now needed at home; that many of them were important instructors in the Johns Hop- kins Medical School; all of which led him to urge that they be returned at the first moment compatible with the good of the service. The Secretary of War turned over this letter to the Surgeon General. General M, W. Ireland wrote as follows: "I am thorougrbly conversant with the very valuable service ren- dered to the American Expeditionary Forces by Base Hospital No. IS, and concur in everything you say in regard to the splendid organization. I visited the hospital many times and am personally acquainted with most of the distinguished personnel which went to France witJi the organization. The question as to when this 55 unit will be returned to the United States does not rest with this office. That will of necessity be decided by the authorities in France, who alone are conversant with the hospital needs of the American Expeditionary Forces." Your chairman then cabled General Pershing, and on December 16, 1918, the following cablegram was received : "Waters, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medical Unit will be re- turned first moment compatible with good of service. Pershing.'" Soon thereafter our physicians came back to us and received a royal welcome. At our closing-up meeting in February follow- ing we had the honor of the presence of a number of these leaders, and addresses were made by General John M. T. Fin- ney, General William S. Thayer and Colonel Hugh S. Young. The chairman also sent a telegram to the War Department urging the return of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Trench Mortar Batten,' and the University of Maryland Unit. Other work was done through the Maryland Council in the return of our men from France. For instance, the wife of a Baltimore physician was in a very critical condition of health. Her one desire was to see her husband before the end. Your chairman stated the case in a cablegram to General Pershing and within forty-eight hours General Pershing cabled to your chairman that he had ordered the return of the physician. Helpitig The Navy Maryland was the first state to furnish its quota for the navy and the Maryland Naval Militia was called into service the day war was declared. Maryland had a warm place in its affections for the navy, not only because the great Naval Academy is located here but also because our people are a sea-loving race, and Maryland blood is on every page of our naval history. Among the special services rendered the navy by the Maryland Council of Defense and its agencies was the supplying of bin- oculors, telescopes and spy glasses in response to an urgent call from the Navy Department. These were sent from all our offices. Our main office in Baltimore sent many including those entrusted to it by the naval officers of the Fifth Naval District. Most of the counties co-operated faithfully in this work. The following letter was received: 56 NAVY DEPARTMENT, Assistant Secretary's OflBce, Washington, March 13, 1918. Gen. F. E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. Dear Sir: Your prompt and patriotic response to the Navy's call for binoculars, telescopes and spy-glasses is most appreciated. The glasses will be very useful in the prosecution of naval operations until victory is won. At the termination of the war, if possible, every effort will be made to return them to you, when it is hoped that you will feel compensated for any evidence of wear, by the knowledge that you have supplied "Eyes for the Navy" during a very trying period. On behalf of the Navy, I wish to thank you most heartily. Very respectfully, (Signed) F. D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy. The day Mr. Roosevelt's letter was received a box containing 15 more glasses — some of them very fine and expensive — was forwarded from the Baltimore office. To each of the donors the Navy Department afterwards sent a handsome testimonial. A unique experience attended one pair of glasses. When this pair was returned the owner came to our office and explained that they had been stolen from him months previously and he wished to know how we had obtained them. The only explana- tion was that the holder of the stolen goods was at heart a patriot. The return was made possible by the name on the glasses. Labor and Employment Much of the time and attention of the Executive Committee was given to the labor situation. The problems were abnormally acute and serious in Maryland, because not onl}^ did the war take from the State more than fifty thousand of its best workers,^ skilled and unskilled, but the increase in shipbuilding, munition making and other industrial operations created unusual de- mands for labor, and in addition was the Macedonian cry from the farms. Directly and indirectly, the Maryland Council of Defense aided labor for the industries, labor for the farms, labor for the canneries, labor for transportation, and other problems of labor and employment after the war. 57 When the war came the National Department of Labor had no satisfactory method of handling labor, and its employment service was a development of war needs. The representatives of the Department of Labor came to the Maryland Council of Defense and placed their cause before us and asked for State money. Otherwise, they said, they could not meet the situation. Our committee gave the co-operation, and it is a satisfaction that the labor and employment work in Maryland during the war was considered to be unique. Two accomplishments stand out. One was the call for five thousand, two hundred and fifty shipbuilders from Maryland in the midst of the most desperate days of the labor situation. Few thought that the call could be met, but it was done, and the success elicited warm praise from Washington. The second was the handling of the labor surplus in the days following the armistice. In 1917 a special committee, under the chairmanship of C. C. Homer, Jr., did good work in supplying labor to canneries. The propaganda included the sending of a special letter on canning to the churches. The committee secured reports from the State Board of Health giving the sanitary condition of canneries to which labor was to be sent. The agricultural army of Maryland was in operation before the Maryland Council of De^fense came into existence. This army was not doing well, and the Executive Committee of the Council declined to favor it. The situation became serious, and on August 21st the Executive Committee, after receiving a full statement from Dr. A. F. Woods, adopted a resolution that Dr. Woods be directed to discontinue immediately the remaining unit of the agricultural army located in Kent county. On Sep- tember 11, 1917, Dr. Woods reported the farm army had been closed out. The bills payable were $2,073.67, and this amount was ordered paid. On August 21, 1917, an appropriation of |2,495 was made for farm labor from August 16th to September 15th, inclusive. It was a considerable problem to handle the farm labor proposi- tion at that time, but it was done with success. At the meeting January 30th-February 2nd, the Chairman announced the appointment of John K, Shaw as Federal State Director of Labor and Employment and the carrying out of a program for the registration of shipbuilders throughout the State. All the county chairmen had been called upon and ad- vertisements had been inserted in the newspapers. An appropriation of $250 a month, beginning May 1st and continuing to January 1, 1919, was voted as the contribu- tion of the Maryland Council of Defense, for the establishment and operation of branch employment offices in Cumberland, Bagerstown and Salisbury. The vote was unanimous. At its meeting February 12, 1918, the Executive Committee appropriated |2,000 for farm labor, the money to be spent by the Agricultural Committee, of which Dr. A. F. Woods was chairman. Dr. Woods stated that with the establishment of the branch offices of the United States Employment Service, this $2,000 would not be necessary, and he requested the action upon it rescinded. This was done and then aii appropriation of $2,000 was made for emergencies in handling farm labor. Through the recommendations of the Executive Committee, the Governor of the State issued a proclamation encouraging city and town men to enlist for farm work. The Chairman of the Committee wrote to Gen. J. B. Kuhn. at Camp Meade, and to other officers, requesting that, if it could be done conven- iently, drafted men with farm experience be furloughed for harvest work on farms. (See Appendix.) The main object of the meeting of the Executive Committee March 19, 1919, was to consider the question of aiding the Em- ployment Service in Maryland in the emergency created by the failure of Congress to pass the necessary appropriations. It was explained that the Government was spending about $1,900 a month, and that if the Council of Defense would contribute an equal amount for three months, the work could be carried on without serious impairment to the beginning of the next fiscal year of the United States Government, which would be July 1st. The Chairman stated that two appropriations were on the records of the Committee, both bearing date of April 24, 1918: 1. Branch labor offices from May 1st to January 1st $2,000 2. U. S. Employment Service for handling labor 2,000 Very little of either appropriation had been expended. The Committee voted to devote the two appropriations to the em- 59 ployment work and to add an appropriation of $2,000 to carry on the service to July 1st. Subsequently the time limit was extended to August 1, 1919. In the report to Washington the Employment Service said : "The Maryland Council of Defense, General Fruucis E. Waters, Chairman, assisted us nobly, especially after the curtailment in March and in connection with the Soldiers' Bureau."' The Employment Service in Maryland from January 1. I'M to June 30, 1919, handled one hundred and twenty-two thousand nine hundred and fifty-one cases, not including seventy-seven thousand, two hundred and fifty-one in the longshoremen's divi- sion. The biggest month was August, 1918, when twenty-c: thousand, nine hundred and seventy-five workers were regis tered. More than six thousand were placed on the farms and in the canneries. The Women's Division of the service, under Miss Nannie Irvine, placed from two to five hu dred women a month. Boys^ [Forking Reserve The United States Boys' Working Reserve had for its purpose the mobilization of boys of the high schools and colleges, be- tween the ages 1(5 and 21, for service on the farms. The work was inadequately organized in 1917, and so the results were not satisfactory, but in 1918 many of the States had flourishing reserves, Maryland being among them. In 1917 F.W. Holden was Director, but his organization resigned and the whole movement had to be recast in 1918. For that task Frank B. Cahn was chosen, and he threw info it his strong personality and enthusiasm and surrounded himself witli able young men. Mr. Cahn and his associates aroused the State to the value of its boy power, and it was reported by the county directors that in the summer of 1918 ten thousand boys were at work on the farms of Maryland. Of these about one thousand were as- signed by the Boys' Working Reserve. The Director reported that seventy per cent, of them measured up to the full expecta- tion of their employers. The boys received from |22,50 to $?>0.00 per month, according to their experience, and the pay was increased by a bonus system that made the possible earn- ings of a boy |75.00 per month. The results are shown in the 60 following report printed in ''Boy Power/' the official Govern- ment publication of the Working Reserve: "Sixty boys, students of Baltimore City College, Polytechnic Institute and Loyola College High School, members of the United States Boys' Working Reserve, have successfully and patriotically fulfilled their pledges to assist the orchardists of their State. The boys helped to picli and paclf 35,000 barrels of apples in one of the largest apple orchards in the East. "The United States Boys' Working Reserve camp established on the 1,000-acre orchard of 00,000 trees was the largest camp ever formed in Maryland. "In addition to the regular wages which have been given tht boys by farmers during the past summer, these boys received a substantial bonus, so that each boy was paid $3.00 per day and his board and lodging. "The average number of bushels picked per boy was 52 a day, with one lad making a record of SO bushels. Besides picking apples, some of the boys were engaged in driving mule teams and auto trucks, while others were busy in the packing sheds and in loading cars. "In the evening, after the day's work was over, the boys entered into the social life of Hancock, and they had prepared to give a minstrel show for the benefit of the Red Cross when the theater was closed because of the influenza. These boys also purchased $1,750 worth of Liberty Bonds out of their earnings. "The boys increased greatly in physical development during their work in the orchards, some of them gaining in weight as much as 15 pounds." Mr. Cahn resigned in October, 1918, and his successor was General Clinton L. Eiggs. General Kiggs took hold of the or- ganization with fine spirit and kept it going through the winter for spring work. In the meantime, the armistice had been signed and the war programs of the Government and of the State were being changed. The financial support of the Boys' Working Reserve was modified or withdrawn. The Executive Committee decided that, so far as the Maryland Council of De- fense was concerned, the work should be discontinued. For this work an appropriation of |15,000 was made in 1918, of which more than |7,000 was unexepended at the end of the year. A portion of this remainder was used to pay old bills of the reserve. 61 On February 28, 1919, a meeting of the Reserve was Iielil at the Baltimore City College, under the directiou of General Riggs, and the Governor of Mainland presented the honor bars earned by the Reservists for work on the farms during the season of 1918. The occasion was a vei*y happy one, and the report of it will be found in the Appendix. Other reports in connection with the Reserve are also given in the Appendix, so as to have a full record of the effective work performed in food production and conservation by the boys of the State during the great war. It is a record of which they may well be proud and one which has given much gratification to the Executive Com mittee of the Maryland Council of Defense. Compulsory Work Bureau In April, 1918, the Chairman sent a questionnaire to the dif- ferent Council representatives throughout the State, asking for reports upon the operation of the Compulsory Work Law and the names of the idlers. The reports were wholly favorable as to the value of the law, and many names of idlers were collected and turned over to the Bureau for investigation and action. An interesting account of the operation of this law is found in the report of the director, George A. Mahone, in the Appen- dix. The Attorney-General and his assistants gave particular attention to the law, and the Director was diligent and eflScient in proclaiming and enforcing it. Maryland secured from this experiment an immense amount of publicity. The authorities at Washington called upon your Chairman for information, and the Governor, the Attorney- General and Mr. Mahone were summoned to the War Depart- ment to tell about the practical results achieved. Out of these conferences grew the Government ultimatum, "Work or Fight." Rent Profiteering Committee At its meeting July 17, 1918, by request of the National Coun- cil transmitting the plan of the Department of Labor, the Exec- utive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense authorized the Chairman to appoint a special committee of five on rent 62 profiteering, consisting of a member of the Real Estate Board of Baltimore City, a member of the Federation of Labor, a law- yer, and two citizens ; this committee to have power to appoint adjustment committees of three, consisting of a representative of union labor, a real estate man and a lawyer, representing the Maryland Council of Defense. The chairman appointed W. H. DeC. Wright, William E. Fer- guson, Sewell S. Watts, Charles Eeviol and E. B. Hunting. The secretary was C. Philip Pitt. The object of the committee was to receive complaints from tenants and to try to adjust these complaints. The committee had no legal powers to enforce its decisions, and merely acted as a means of focusing public opinion on profiteers. Its first meeting was held July 24, 1918, at the ofiice of its Chairman. It gave consideration to about five hundred cases, of which about four hundred were dismissed, either before or after hearing, because, in the judgment of the committee, the complaints were ill-founded. About seventy complaints were adjusted by the submission of landlords to the committee's re- quest to reduce charges believed by the latter to be exorbitant. About twelve owners of property against whom in the aggregate thirty were lodged, refused to abide by the committee's decision and persisted in their course of oppression. The most notable practice which the committee persistently tried to discourage was the refusal of many landlords heretofore renting their prop- erties, to rent them any longer, thus compelling the occupants of these properties either to buy them, in most cases at exag- gerated prices, or else to move out, with the extreme diflSculty facing them of finding new homes to rent. This practice was indulged in principally by professional real estate operators, who in many cases exhibited absolute disregard for the public interest in their greed to sell houses. The actual number of cases which the committee considered sounds insignificant, but the committee exercised a much wider influence, through the attention which its efforts attracted in 63 the press and otherwise in deterring persons fnnn increasing rents who otherwise would have done so, and also in bringing home to property owners generally the sense of their obligation not to disorganize living conditions in Baltimore at a time when it was important to provide homes for the greatly in- creased industrial population. The committee sat twice a week at the rooms of the Real Estate Board, 15 East Fayette street. Educational Committee Much of the best work under the Ck)uucil was done by the Educational Committee. This was our special department of propaganda. Hundreds of thousands of books, pamphlets and letters were distributed; thousands of posters were hung up, and through close co-operation with the National Council the publication resources of the nation were carried to Maiyland homes, so that in the end many more than a million communi- cations reached Maryland people through the mails, all sent or instigated by the Maryland Council of Defense and its commit- tees. In addition, there were many publications from patriotic societies ; letters and prints from other States, and the various kinds of literature pertaining to the war. Furthermore, hun- dreds of public meetings were held, speakers were supplied, music was provided and the details of arousing the people to the size and responsibility of a world war were worked out. The list of things done included almost everything from hiring halls to persuading the War Department to send over a flying ma- chine to help a local program. The Educational Committee's work in developing the patriotism of the State, in increasing loyalty and in stitfening the general morale was beyond praise, and the effect of it was seen not only in the advanced position taken by Maryland, but in the draft, and in evei-y call upon the people for the support of the war. In the development of its educational program Maryland be- gan early. Before the organization of the Council, Dr. John H. Latane went to Chautauqua, New York, as a delegate of the Maryland Council of Defense to the Speakers' Training Camp. There were present fifty delegates, representing State Councils of Defense or Governors of State, and about one hundred repre- sentatives of universities and other oflScial bodies, as well a« 64 many distinguished citizens who attended because of their in- terest. These gentlemen did unusual work in laying the lines of patriotic publicity and education. Dr. Latane brought back this information, and thus the Maryland program was inaugu- rated. The first committee consisted of Dr. John H. Latane, chairman; Dr. A. (). Lovejoy and George L. Jones, secre- tary. Dr. Lovejoy was sent to Europe later, and Mr. Jones en- tered the service and attained the rank of major. Dr. K. V. D. Magofifin was added to the committee, but before his appoint- ment could be confirmed he went into the service. Later the committee was changed, and it was finally constituted as fol- lows : Dr. John H. Latane, chairman ; W. H. DeCourcey Wright, secretary ; Clarence W. Egan, Miss Sarah R. Carter, Dr. G. W. Haddaway, chief field director; Rev. Edgar T. Read, associate field director, and Henry W. Williams, chairman of the Four Minute Men. Isidor Blum was appointed a second assistant field director and was attached to the Four Minute Men. Under Dr. Latane, this committee became notably etticient. His live interest, his standing as a scholar and speaker and his fine patriotism gave its work a distinction that was of the highest value. He delivered a number of able addresses to large audiences in Baltimore and other cities. In 1917 Dr. A. O. Lovejoy prepared a booklet, "What Are We Fighting About?" and its success was immediate and far-reach- ing. Many editions of it were published to meet the demand, and copies of it were sent to all parts of the country. A very active figure in the education work was Mr. Wright, who not only did the secretarial work of the committee, but visited vari- ous sections of the State making patriotic addresses. The value of his work was shown by such appreciations as the following, from L. W. (lunby, chairman for Wicomico county : "Our War Propaganda Campaign of Wicomico Oaunty, under the leadersliii) of Mr. W. H. DeC. Wright, closed last night. I am pleased to inform you that we held four large and enthusiastic meetings, at Hebron, one at Sharp town, one at Bivalve and one at Delmar, and I think this kind of missionary work is going to prove very helpful to the Government. Mr. Wright impressed everyl)ody forcibly by the great sincerity in which he presented the subject to his audience. He brought everyone to realize that there was important work for each one to do and that every man. woman and child was expected to contribute their part." 05 Mr. Wright performed splendid service as rield director with- out pay. He was one of the most vahuvble workers of the Council. Mr. Egan gave much time to the work and addressed many meetings. The Educational Committee was constantly at work providing speakers for meetings both in the city and in the counties. In the first part of 1918 the field directors of the Executive Committee began their regular work. This plan was the sug- gestion of the Chairman. It was for the services of a Chief Di- rector and an Assistant Director under the pay and control of the Executive Committee, but working with the Educational Committee, the main purposes being the closer organization of the counties, the formation of community councils and the ex- tension and stimulation of the educational program. The first director appointed was Dr. A. O. Lovejoy, and the Johns Hop- kins University not only consented to loan his services, but agreed to pay one-half his salary. Dr. Lovejoy did effective work, and it was a loss to the Committee when the Government called upon him to be one of the commissioners to visit Europe to investigate and report upon industrial conditions. He was succeeded by Kev. Dr. George W. HaddaAvay, who became Chief Field Director and who proved one of the most earnest workers of the Council, a special value of his service being the organiza- tion of educational committees in the counties and regular re- ports of the work accomplished. The Assistant Field Director was Rev. Edgar T. Read, w^ho organized and greatly stimulated the work in the counties of Western Maryland. The second assistant was Isidor Blum, who managed with success the de- tails of the Four Minute Men. The field director plan was new in Council work, and the Chief of the State Councils Section of the Council of National Defense wrote to the Chairman of the Maryland Council as follows : "I want to express our appreciation and congratulations on your arrangement for field directors. We feel that this is a splen- did plan to get the best results from the county council and shall recommend it to other states." The Educational Committee was faithful in its meetings and in widening its activities. In the spring of 1918 the Committee 66 and the Field Directors found their pace, and the result was the quickening of the whole State in war work. The following letter was sent by the Chairman to all the county commissions: "Tlie Executive Committee has elected the following to promote and organize the educational work of the Maryland Council of Defense in different parts of the State : Dr. G. W. Haddaway, Chief Field Director. Rev. Edgar T. Read, Field Director. Isidor Blum, Field Director. "These field directors will serve directly under the Executive Committee. We ask you to extend to them every assistance and courtesy when they visit your count}^ They come to help you in your problems of organization and meetings, and we hope through their work to get closer touch and larger efficiency in the whole program of the Council." In the first part of 1918 many meetings were held in the counties, special addresses being made before county institutes and practically all public gatherings held in the State. The program included an unusual celebration of Washington's birth- day, in which the counties co-operated. In the month of June twenty -six patriotic meetings were held in Howard county ; in Montgomery on the 7th of June a meeting was held in every school house, and in many counties intensive progi'ams were carried out. By June also more than one hundred community councils had been organized and inaugurated, the Four Minute Men were delivering hundreds of addresses, and thus the work was developed. The climax of many meetings was the celebra- tion of the Fourth of July, the most general, the most elaborate and most enthusiastic ever held in the State. With the organi- zation of meetings was the distribution of literature, including thousands of posters. The field directors also worked among the organizations of church people, and especially at the meet- ings of farmers. It is impossible to say how many people were directly reached, but it is obvious that practically all the popu- lation of Maryland felt the influence of the Council activities. The county meetings took various forms. In Wicomico the leaders of the various activities came together for a daily con- ference. In Oakland there was a daily prayer service from 12 to 12.30, in which the members of the town churches united and at which a short patriotic talk was made. There were dif- 67 fereiit sorts of meetings, ranging up to the big mass-meeting at- tended by crowds from all parts of the counties. During the summer, Rev. Mr. Read, the Associate Field Director, addressed thirty-one general meetings, two Ministerial Unions, two Chau- tauquas and a Union Tent Service, besides organizing more than a score of community councils. Every day during September speakers were furnished for various patriotic meetings by the Educational Committee. Dur- ing the year not only was the work of the Educational Commit- tee of value in all the loan drives and other Federal calls, but in several of these movements the machinery of the Committee was directly used, and during the loan drives the Four Minute Men had their offices in the loan headquarters. I endorse cordially the following statement made by our Educational Committee in the closing weeks of the war, 1918 : "Patriotic Educational Propaganda, the great and supreme work for wliich the Educational Committee was created, has been most persistently carried on throughout Maryland for the past six months, and projected even in most remote sections of the State. Preceding every war activity has been the pioneer work of instruction and information imparted to the people by the Edu- cational Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense. This has been done through four thousand (4,000) personally written letters sent out from the office from time to time, more than three hundred (300) patriotic addresses delivered before public meet- ings by sneakers from our own speakers' bureau, through the distribution of sixteen thousand (16,000) pieces of literature, posters, newspaper articles, by vocational training through sum- mer schools and the very effective work of the "Four Minute Men's" organization. The brilliant success of the last Liberty Loan. Red Cross, and War Savings Stamp drives were largely aided by the wide-awake Educational propaganda of this Com- mittee preceding and conducted simultaneously with the above named activities. Also our Educational work has resulted in the formation of patriotic organizations in the counties of the State with many of the said counties thoroughly organized through Community Councils, held intact and ready to get behind every war demand. Nothing has been so fundamental, imperative and indispensable to the success of all war endeavors as the patriotic propaganda of the Educational Committee of the Maryland Coun- cil of Defense. "Dr. G. W. Haddaway, Chief Field Director; Rev. E. T. Read, Associate Field Director; Dr. John H. Latane. Chairman; W. H. DeO. Wright, Secretary; C. W. Egan, Henry W. Williams, Miss Sarah R. Carter." (See Appendix.) Agricultural I take great pleasure in transmitting with this report the record of the initial movements, developments and results of emergency agricultural work conducted during the war period by the Maryland Council of Defense in co-operation with State and Federal agencies. (Appendix.) This record was prepared by Prof. Thomas B. Symons, Director of the Extension Service of the Maryland State College of Agriculture, and by him sub- mitted to Dr. A. F. Woods, Chairman of the Agricultural Com- mittee of the Maryland Council of Defense, and was by Dr. Woods submitted to the Executive Committee, In the first days of the war the food question came to the front. Success on the field of battle depended on the yields of the farms. Maryland's policy was quickly deteruaiued. Tt was to plant more and to reap more of all that was planted. At the first meeting of the Executive Committee an appro- priation of $25,000 was made to the State Board of Agrtultiiie to cover employment of assistant county agents, women agents, clerks, and equipment to control insect pests and plant dis- eases, for the general purpose of an agricultural program. The total appropriations of the Council for agriculture, including farm labor and the State College of Agriculture, were more than ^60,000. Maryland Farms Gained During the War It was said repeatedly during the war period that the direct value of the Maryland Council of Defense to the food production of Maryland was worth many times the total cost of the Coun- cil. The Executive Committee was fortunate in having Dr. A. F. Woods at the head of the Committee, for it found in him an expert with wide experience and a man of affairs with marked ability for organization and for interesting and stimulating men and women in farm work. Under Dr. Woods as President of the Maryland State College of Agriculture and as executive oflScer of the Maryland State Board of Agriculture, as well as Chairman of the Council Committee, the phases of agricultural 69 work in Marvland were correlated, and tbii8 was secured the greatest possible unanimity of effort. The new agricultural work under the Council in 1917 was largely experimental, while the work in 1918 was carried on confidently and with increas- ing success on the results of the experiments and on budgets. We should like to give credit personally to those who co- operated with us, but so many worked so faithfully that it is out of the question to name them all. We wish to make our particular acknowledgment to the faithful men and women of the farms who faced discouragement and by their spirit and loyalty not only kept tlie production in Maryland up to the mark, but advanced it to a higher figure than was ever known in the State's history. Nothing in the records of Maryland has been finer than the work of the farmers during the war period. The report which we transmit makes this statement: "Maryland's agricultural status comes out of the war in a much stronger position than before that period. The Fanners have learned may lessons in more efficient farming. Our livestock has increased, especially hogs and sheep, and while our food crops were increased, our rotations have not been seriously inter- ferred with. Our increases have been regular. Emphasis has been placed upon yields per acre, rather than acreage alone, and our farmers are in a better position to face the future." Under the Governor a campaign was conducted throughout the State to arouse the patriotic interest of farmers in increased crops. (See Governor Harrington's speech, Appendix.) This did great good early in the war. The encouragement of raising more live stock had favorable results. Under the Maryland Council agricultural agencies were co-ordinated and the county agents were brought into the scheme, with the result that their efficiency was increased in their special work, while they were also able to give to the State work a new service. The Council contributed to the traveling expenses of both men and women agents throughout the war period. Value of the College Fortunately, we had an efficient State Board of Agriculture, and even more fortunately the Maryland State College of Agri- 70 culture, under Dr. A, F. Woods, and the Extension Service, under Prof. Thomas B. Symons, had been admirably organized for advanced service. Active in all the work were the county agents. To the organization of the College and to the co-opera- tion of the Extension Service, which is connected with the Col- lege, Maryland owes a debt of gratitude. Our association was mainly with Dr. Woods, President of the College, and so strong became our confidence in his judgment that he was invited to most of our meetings. Frequently our Committee had to detain him long after hours and after trains, and he was always willing to make any sacrifice of time and convenience for the good of our work. He was also in call when needed by the agricultural and labor authorities in Washington, and he represented Maryland on many Federal occasions when important matters pertaining to agriculture were under discussion and organization. The State College of Agriculture became a center for the food production work of the Mai'yland Council. At the meet- ing of our Executive Committee on September 18, 1918, Dr. Woods announced that the War Department had accepted the College for five hundred students. This meant an immediate increase of equipment to accommodate them. The Executive Committee advanced |13,000 for the construction of a dining- room, and the whole amount was subsequently returned. The water supply had to be enlarged, and as this was a permanent improvement to State property, the Executive Committee made appropriations of $23,000 to meet the cost. Farm Labor Under the Council the difficult problem of farm labor was handled. In the early part of 1917 a farm army was attempted, but it was a failure. A State Bureau was established, and later a Farm Labor Bureau was organized. These various ef- forts were finally merged into the United States Employment Service. There was always a full supply of farm labor of the permanent kind, that is, the tenant who could be given a house and steady employment for a year. The scarcity was in monthly help, and in Maryland this shortage reached about ten thousand men. The special benefit that was realized was found in mobilizing local labor and in organizing the co-operation between the peo- ple of the towns and the people of the farms. With a shortage of farm labor, a large increased acreage of food production was raised and harvested. ''In no case was there a loss of any crop on account of lack of labor for harvesting,-' is the very broad and surprising statement made by our Agricultural Committee, and this is in many respects the greatest single achievement brought about through the work of the Maryland Council of Defense. It was made possible through the generous responses of the farmers and their families and the loyal interest of men and women in towns and cities. Valuable service was rendered by the Agricultural Commit- tee and the Extension Service in conducting campaigns of edu- cation through farmers' institutes in all the counties, as many as ten meetings being held in different community centers in each county. With this came the organization of commnnities and labor committees, all co-operating with the general scheme of the council for community development, so that at the end of 1918 there were more than live hundred community organiza- tions in the State. It was remarkable how much this com- munity work contributed to the food program. It created the bond by which the people of the towns helped the people of the farms. For instance, in Hagerstown more than two hundred men went from city work to the fields to help the farmers gather their harvests. The report says that Maryland's won- derful record of 1918, the full year of the war, was due partly to the more general use of farm machinery, but especially "on account of the more thorough appreciation by the farmers and business men that the labor shortage was a community problem and should largely be solved by community efforts,'' and then follows this very gratifying statement: "In no case were re- ports received that crops were sacrificed on account of lack of labor for harvesting. A large increase in acreage of the main food crops, such as corn and wheat, was secured, and as a whole the year proved to be a wonderfully successful one from the standpoint of agriculture." We doubt if any other State in America can make a more fa- vorable report than tliat. 72 Better Seed For Farmers Patriotic citizens, under the leadership of Hon. John M, Dennis, advanced a large sum for the purchase of better seed to be sold to farmers at cost on credit. Seed were supplied to four hundred and eighty farmers at cost. To help in this work the Maryland Council subscribed |4,512.60, most of which was returned. The Committee also appropriated |2,500 for the pur- chase of approximately one thousand bushels of selected seed wheat to be sold at cost in small lots to farmers in Maryland. Great good was done by both of these transactions. The reso- lution adopted by the Committee in respect to the main seed fund was as follows : WHEREAS, In the spring of 1917 seed were very scarce and very high and this condition threatened food production in Mary- land. Citizens, under the leadership of John M. Dennis, sub- scribed to a fund to purchase seed to be sold at cost to the farm- ers. This act was of great advantage to the State. The fund was not sufficient to pay for all the seed bought, and so the Mary- land Council of Defense, which came into existence subsequently, subscribed the sum of 3^4,512.60. Seed were supplied to four hun- dred and eighty farmers at cost. The advance made by the Mary- land Council to cover the needs of the seed was construed to mean a subscription in common with other subscriptions to the fund. It was therefore RESOLVED, That the total amount advanced to the farmers for seed, or such part thereof as may be or shall be collected, shall be distributed among the subscribers pro rata. Maryland's Notable Experiment in Tractors In its desire to promote food production and aid the farmers and meet the labor shortage, the Executive Committee in 1917 made its notable experiment with tractors. This plan, begun with some trepidation, turned out to be a remarkable success, perhaps not so much in the increase in tilled land as in the en- couragement of Maryland farmers to buy tractors. Four ma- chines purchased in 1917 and operated did much satisfactory work, and five additional machines, with full equipment, were added in 1918. 73 Dr. Woods reported to the Executive Committee that one- half of the six hundred tractors in Maryland had been pur- chased in 1918 and that the sale had been traced to the influ- ence of the tractors operated under the Maryland Council. Maryland's experiment in State-owned tractors attracted at- tention all over the country, and several States followed the example on a large scale, two of them making appropriations of more than |100,000 each for the purchase of machines, Maryland's investment in this tractor experiment was 115,000, and |!{),025.G2 was returned from the sale of the machines. Increasing and Saving Wheat On August 15, 1918, representatives of the Maryland <;!ouncil attended the National Conference called by the Secre- tary of Agriculture in Washington. The Maryland experts re- ported that, owing largely to the co-operation and encourage- ment of the Maryland Council of Defense, Maryland would show an increased fall wheat acreage of from ten to twelve per t:ent., which is what the department was depending upon to increase the crops to the expected proportion of one billion bushels. Under the Maryland Council, the threshing machines of the State were inspected in 1918, and better methods were encour- aged. At the meeting of January 15, 1919, it was announced through an official letter from Washington that this movement for better threshing in Maryland had saved more than fifty thousand bushels of wheat in this State. In 1918 six thousand bushels of seed wheat were treated for smut. Protecting the Sheep At its meeting on May 22, 1918, Hon. John M. Dennis, Chair- man of the Agricultural Committee of the Maryland Bankers' Association, presented the matter of the encouragement of sheep raising and the necessity of a strict enforcement of the new dog law. The Executive Committee by unanimous vote gave the movement its earnest support. Later a State-wide sheep grow- ers' association was formed in Maryland. 74 Fighting Bovine Tuberculosis At the meeting of September 11, 1918, Samuel M. Shoemaker, President of the Maryland State Board of Agriculture, and Dr. A. F. Woods, Executive of the Maryland State Board of Agri- culture, presented an application for an appropriation of $10,000 for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. Before the ap- propriation was acted on the opinion of the Attorney-General was secured, and in it he stated that the Committee had full authority to use the war loans for the purpose stated. The appropriation was made. James B. George, secretary of the Live Stock Sanitary Section, under date of February 19, 1920, reported : "This money enabled us to enter in the Federal plan for Tuberculosis Eradication at a time when no funds had been appropriated by the State through the regular channels, and as the Federal Government spent in Maryland for this work a sum far in excess of the amount expended by this De- partment, we feel that the expenditure made by us has been amply justified. Dairymen and breeders are well pleased. This department greatly appreciates the assistance given by the Council of Defense, which has made is possible for us to take steps looking to the conservation and protection of the live stock interests of the State." Fighting Pests and Diseases There was a week for testing seed corn. Kat extermination was begun. In the control of insect pests good work was done in strange outbreaks of grasshoppers in Baltimore and Frederick counties and in an outbreak of plant aphis on potatoes and to- matoes during the summer of 1918. Also excellent results were obtained in the control of the strawberry weevil. There were special efforts in the treatment of plant diseases; a thousand acres of tomatoes were planted to wilt resistant seed. At the meeting on September 18, 1918, an appropriation of |6,000 was made to the Committee on Agriculture for work to be carried on from September to December. 75 After the armistice the Executive Committee felt obliged to decline to make further appropriations for food production, as the funds under its care were for war purposes only or for pur- poses directly connected with or growing out of the war. This decision affected not only the agricultural program, but the food production plans of the Women's Section, and the appli- cation of the Boys' Working Reserve. PV omen's Excellent Work The work of the women in food production during the whole war was noteworthy. Pioneers were the food production com- mittees of the Women's Section, Council of Defense, who did systematic work in every county. The home economics work was especially successful. In all parts of the State under the various activities of the war period agents were employed for encouraging the production of food. The Home Garden work, while largely under the Council of Defense, was stimulated by the co-operation of the Food Administration, which offered substantial prizes. The estimated number of war gardens in the counties and in Baltimore City was one hundred and sev- enty thousand and forty, and the estimated value of the food products from them $6,880,900. Tribute to the Home Makers In 1918 twenty community kitchens were established through- out the State and were used as centers for canning and drying under the tutelage of the county home demonstration agents. The State Council of Defense contributed to their equipment. A total of eight hundred and forty-eight thousand, four hundred and sixty containers were packed; forty-one thousand and four- teen pounds of fruit and vegetables were dried ; twenty-six thou- sand, six hundred and ninety-nine gallons of vegetables brined, and these figures express only a portion of the total amount of food saved. I endorse cordially this sentence from the Agri- cultural Report : "An everlasting tribute can be paid to the home makers of Maryland for the manner in which they responded to the needs of the Nation." 76 All Helped Praise is due to five thousand, five hundred boys and girls who enrolled in club work during 1918, and to the hundreds who went to farms under the Boys' Working Reserve. The agricultural program was extended among the colored people, who responded in fine spirit and did unusually effective work in food production and food preservation. Not only did they plan larger crops, but they canned and dried more food products than ever before. In Maryland are a score of excellent organizations, covering the field of agriculture and horticulture, and to each of these we wish to express our thanks for the co-operation our agri- cultural program received. The farmers individually and the organizations of farmers did their duty well. The granges helped to increase the yields, and contributed largely towards developing community spirit. The State College of Agri- culture was a center of working patriotism, and not only did its students enlist for the war, but all of its instructors and ex- perts gave their services for the good of the State and the na- tion. The agricultural story of Maryland during the war is one from which we may derive profound satisfaction. (See Appendix for reports of Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, Chaix- man of the Women's Section; also reiwrt of 1917 of Chairman of Executive Committee; also full report of Agricultural Committee.) Health On September 7, 1917, the Committee appropriated |3,333.33 for an extra inspector of health at Camp Meade, and the Chair- man appointed a subcommittee consisting of Francis E. Waters, Judge Hammond Urner and Hon. Hugh A. McMullen, to report upon the budget presented by the State Department of Health. The following report, under date of September 11, 1917, was made: "The sub-committee of three appointed to consider the budget presented by the State Board of Health, with particular reference to: 77 1. Conditions created by the location of Camp Meade in Mary- land ; 2. Conditions created by the removal from Maryland of 15 per cent, of its physicians and surgeons for military service; 3. What portions of the proposed budget have no relation to either of the conditions named, but are occasioned by the general health conditions of the State. "The Committee met this morning, the Chairman and Judge Umer being present, Mr. McMullen being unable to attend owing to other engagements. "At the request of the Committee, Dr. Fulton appeared before them, and his budget was very thoroughly discussed, with the conclusion, not only of your Committee, but of Dr. Fulton as indi- cated by his letter hereto attached, that practically all of the proposed budget has no relation to either of the first two condi- tions, but occasioned by the general disability of the Health De- partment, by reason of inadequate appi'opriations by the Legisla- ture, to enable it to so organize as to give such care to the health conditions of this State as in the judgment of the State Board of Health, they should have. "Dr. Fulton says, whilst the emergency does not at the moment exist, yet the employment of one, tw'o or three nurses, is an emer- gency that may arise any day, and we therefore recommend that we be empowered, when such emergency arises, to secure nurses to the number not in excess of three, at a salary of $75.00 per month. "All requests under the budget other than those which have been complied with heretofore, are suspended by Dr. Fulton, until such time as his department may be confronted with emer- gency situations. Respectfully, , "F. E. WATERS, Chairman; "HAMMOND URNER." On February 27, 1918, the Committee endorsed the bill in Congress creating advanced rank for o£acers of the Medical Corps. 78 The Committee, through Dr. C. Harapson Jones, made an in* vestigation of the hospital accommodations of Baltimore. At its meeting Novemer 20, 1918, the Executive Committee made an appropriation of |6,000 to the State Department of Health for the control of venereal diseases. By this action the State secured under the Chamberlain-Kahn Act an appropria- tion from the National Government of |14,184.09, thus making for the whole purpose a total of more than $20,000, which was effectively used in the conducting of clinics in Baltimore C ty„ Cumberland and other places. During the influenza epidemic the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense telegraphed to the authorities at Washing- ton requesting that pharmacists in the cantonments in Mary- land be assigned to Baltimore temporarily. During the influenza epidemic the drills of the Second Maryland Kegiment were post- poned. Members of the Maryland Council did valiant work during the epidemic. At the meeting of January 15, 1919, a letter was read from Dr. C. Harapson Jones, telling of the war against venereal dis- eases in Baltimore and of the good results that were being ob« tained. The Governor and Hon. John M. Dennis placed before the Committee at its meeting March 19, 1919, the demand that had been made upon Maryland for taking care of insane soldiers. The only way to do this was to finish the uncompleted Arthur D. Foster Building at Spring Grove. The matter was regarded favorably, but before taking further action the Chairman was requested to secure the opinion of the Attorney-General as to the right of the Committee to spend the Council money for this purpose. Hon. Albert C. Ritchie, the Attorney-General, in his written opinion, stated that the Committee had the pov/er to make the appropriation if in its discretion it determined that the work in question "can fairly be said to be desirable or aji- propriate" for "the defense of the State, the safety of its people and the protection of property and to aid the State and the United States in the present war." At its meeting on April 2nd the Executive Committee made an appropriation of $25,000 or so much thereof as might be necessary, for the completion of the Arthur D. Foster Building at Spring Grove, so that it 79 might be available for the care of insane soldiers for Maryland, as requested by the Secretary of War. The Executive Committee has appropriated the following for the health of the State: State Board of Health for sani- tary work, $9,955.33; for protecting Camp Meade water sup- ply, $5,171 ; for communicable diseases, $6,000 ; for care of insane, $25,000, and for the hospital train, $11,780.60. Most of this money is represented by assets today, as it was spent for permanent construction at Spring Grove and at the Mary- land House of Correction. The equipment and contents of the Hospital Train, which were worth the money expended on the train by the Council, were distributed among the six State hospitals. The scarcity^ of nurses in the spring of 1918 led the Chair- man of your Committee to suggest that courses of training for a short period be instituted. This had the full approval of the Committee, and we believe that great good would have resulted if our plan had been carried through. The full correspondence is given in the Appendix. Colored Division The Colored Division was appointed by Governor Harrington. It had commissions of five members in practically all of the counties. The following was the Executive Committee: Chair- man, Dr. Ernest Lyon ; vice chairmen, H. M. Sinclair, Dr. J. R. L. Diggs, Dr. W. M. Alexander, L. H. Davenport, John H. Mur- phy, Sr. ; treasurer, Dr. A. L. Gaines; secretary, Prof. H. M. Gross; organizer, Dr. Junius Gray; chairman of the finance committee, A. H. Pitts. The Women's Department of the Colored Division was ap- pointed by the Governor, with the following ofiScers : Chairman, Miss Ida R. Cummings; secretary, Mrs. Warner T. McGuinn; treasurer, Mrs. A. H. Nixon. In their relations with the Executive Committee of the Mary- land Council of Defense, both the Colored Division and the Women's Department of the Colored Division were represented by Dr. Eraest Lyon, and the Committee found him deeply in- terested in the winning of the war and a most industrious and successful worker. Through his recommendations the colored 80 people co-operated and were aided, and they gave effective serv- ice in various activities touched by the Maryland Council of Defense. The Council provided for the expenses of the Colored Divi- sion, paid for headquarters and a secretary, for an office and secretary of the Women's Department, and other expenses in connection with the promotion and support of the general pro- gram of civilian work during the war. The large and enthusiastic meetings held by the colored people were financed by the Coun- cil. The Council also paid the traveling expenses of the county chairmen to Baltimore meetings of the Colored Division and the traveling expenses of the officers of the Colored Division to meetings or conferences held in the counties. The results were worth many times the cost. The main work of the colored people was that done by them- selves in the care of the colored soldiers. The women distrib- uted thousands of comfort kits to draftees, these kits contain- ing combs, brushes and mirrors, tooth brushes, tooth paste, needles, khaki threads, buttons, pins, soaps, wash cloths and testaments. The Women's Department organized knitting clubs and many hundreds of sweaters were given to the soldiers leav- ing for France. Rest rooms for the colored soldiers visiting Baltimore were equipped by the colored women and the ex- penses were paid by the Maryland Council of Defense. A club for colored soldiers was also maintained, and there were ample accommodations for tlie men when visiting Baltimore. The colored people of Maryland followed their boys to the camp, and looked after them, and furnished a sun parlor for conva- lescents. Some of the best meetings in the State during the war were those held by the colored people. In most of these the expenses were borne by the Maryland Council of Defense. Their value in keeping up the morale of the colored people was great. They were addressed by the Assistant Secretary of War, the Gover- nor of the State and leading men, white and colored. All of them developed a high degree of enthusiasm. The colored peo- ple subscribed liberally to liberty bonds and to other funds 81 of the war. A notable service done by the colored people was the prompt denunciation of the I. W. W. when it attempted to get a foothold in the State. The purpose of the I. W. W. was at once defeated and a large part of the credit belongs to the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense and to the colored clergymen of Baltimore City. After its first j^ear of work Dr. Lyon, the Chairman, wrote as follows to the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense • "Since the oi-ganization of the Colored Division over a year ago, the work has been wonderfully successful and effective, as is shown in reports from all over the city and state, in the matter of Red Cross drives, Liberty Loan and United States War Savings purchases, the holding of patriotic mass meetings, and the con- tribution to the comfort of the selective men in the distribution of comfort kits, sweaters, socks, wristlets, and other necessities and public endeavors. "The Woman's Division has organized knitting clubs, all over the city and in certain counties of the State. These clubs are in- dependent of Red Cross divisions. They raise money from among themselves, by weekly contributions, and from the Coloretl churches, for the purchase of the wool for the sweaters, soc-ks, and wristlets. Over five hundred of these articles have been dis- tributed by the Woman's Division to the soldiers who have left for France, and now they are engaged in a similar effort to aid the Government win the war. "The office correspondence has increased considerably. All kinds of communications reach us on a variety of subjects, neces- sitating prompt replies, in order to maintain our efficiency as an organization. We have had much to do with the draftees and their families. Every real and imaginary trouble has been submitted to us for adjustment. We have been given credit for greater powers that we possess. We have been called upon to escort our men to the depot for entrainmeut. and to provide enter- tainment for them while at Camp Meade; all of which we have done cheerfully." The work here outlined by Dr. Lyon was increased in the lat- ter part of 1918, and was still growing when the armistice was declared and when the Colored Division was dissolved. The Maryland Colored Division was probably the best organ- ized and the best conducted colored civic organization of the war. It was so recognized in Washington, and the Chairman of the Division, Dr. Lyon, was called to other cities and States 82 to address colored audiences on the Maryland work. The au- thorities at Washington were very complimentary. The Mary- laud negroes stimulated their people in the duties of the war, encouraged their young men to enlist, followed them in the service, and when the war was over gave them a loyal welcome home. Solicitation of Funds Early in the war the Council of National Defense called upon the State Councils to watch carefully the many applications being made to the public for war funds. This included all kinds of benefits and solicitation enterprises. The situation be- came serious in the latter part of 1917, and it was necessary to handle it with considerable vigor. In the first part of 1918 the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense ap- pointed Judge Hammond Urner, of Frederick, and Hon. Steven- son A. Williams, of Belair, to suggest a plan. This committee brought in a report recommending that the Executive Commit tee act in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of National Defense and that a copy of the resolution of the National Council be published in Baltimore City and through- out the State through the agency of the county commissions, together with a statement from the Maryland Council of De- fense requesting all war relief organizations, except the Ameri- can Ked Cross, to report to the State Council of Defense the details of their organizations and monies received and expend- ed. This was done and a campaign of publicity through adver- tisements and news items was inaugurated. The following was the first advertisement, which will give an idea of the char- acter of all : SOLICITING WAR FUNDS The Council of National Defense has requested the Maryland Council of Defense to assume responsibility for co-ordinating the voluntary war work and supervising the solicitation of funds of voluntary societies for men in training camps. This means to watch over plans and undertakings that seek to collect money from the public for war purposes. The Maryland Council, there- fore, asks the public to scrutinize applications for aid, and, if upon investigation, any is found to be of a suspicious character, to report the same at once to the Executive Committee of the 83 Maryland Council of Defense, 703 Union Trust Building, Balti- more, Maryland. The Executive Committee not only used the newspapers, but distributed many thousand copies of a letter carrying out in detail the suggestion of Judge Urner and Senator Williams, and requesting that in each county complaints be sent to the Chairman. The letter contained the names and addresses of the chairmen. It also contained in full the resolution adopted by the Council of National Defense. The whole State Council organization was enlisted in the work. This letter stated : "SOLICITING MONEY AND MATERIALS FOR WAR RELIEF PUR- POSES. YOU ARE ASKED TO HELP IN PREVENTING FRAUD AND WASTE. DO NOT GIVE TO PERSONS OR SOCIETIES UNLESS YOU KNOW THEY ARE GENUINE AND RESPON- SIBLE. "The Maryland Council of Defense warned the Maryland people against giving to persons and societies asking for war relief unless they know them to be genuine and responsible. The warning shut off many unworthy ehteiTrises, but of late there have been revivals of this kind of fraud. In many cases fraud may not have been intended, but the enterprises were not well managed and the public money thus contributed did not reach right ends. " To misuse or misapply or waste public funds solicited from the generous people of Maryland is a crime. Even when there is no criminal intent, the wrong committed cannot be tolerated, Charitie.s that eat up their incomes in expenses and benefits that benefit only those who conduct them and all the other forms of imposing on the public must be stopped. "And the Maryland Council asks the public to co-operate and stop all useless giving and waste. If anyone asks you for money and cannot give satisfactory credentials, or if you have doubts about the value or the genuineness of the cause, write to the Maryland Council of Defense, 70.3 Union Trust Building." To those who wrote to the oflSce the following reply was made: "The Maryland Council of Defense is not taking part in collect- ing or promoting the collection of funds. Its relation to such funds is to do what it can to prevent fraud by receiving the com- plaint of any one who finds an application for aid suspicious, or who finds an application for money by a person or persons with- out satisfactory credentials." The result of the campaign was to stop many doubtful under- takings and to very materially protect the public and to confine 84 the giving to legitimate causes. The usefulness of the work of the Maryland Council extended beyond the active war period, and as late as March, 1919, the action of the Committee, through the co-operation of the United States District Attorney of Mary- land, defeated a scheme to get money from the public through a sale of stamps which pretended to be for a patriotic purpose, but which was a purely private scheme to make money. Through the work of the Committee and the wide publicity it gave to the solicitation of funds, thousands of dollars were saved to the people of Maryland. Community Singing One of the developments of the war w'as the wide use of music in interesting and stimulating the men in uniform. So practical did it become that the Government made it a policy, and at every camp there were song leaders and other agencies for the encouragement of the singing of patriotic airs. It worked so well in the army and navy that it was decided to carry the movement into the civilian population, and the State Councils of Defense were called upon to organize in their re- spective territories musical societies and choruses. On October 23, 1918, the Executive Committee of the Mary- land Council of Defense authorized the organization of a de- partment of music and liberty choruses and made an appropria- tion of $3,000 for six months. This work was placed under a musical committee composed of Harold Kandolph, chairman; Judge Carroll T. Bond, Dr. George W. Haddaway, Mrs. W. Bladen Lowndes and Mrs. Edwin Wartield, and offices were opened at the Peabody Institute. Frederick K. Huber was appointed State Director of Music. The committee issued a circular, from which the following quotation is made : "Maryland, always progressive in matters of cultural import, is now bringing its people together in a melting pot of song. This movement, supported by the Maryland Council of Defense, embraces every community, whether large or small, and it urges you to help along this cause. "Bequest your Music (Committee, or your Educational Commit- tee of the Men's and Women's Sections to consult and appoint a County Director of Music. Great care should be taken in this selection; a certain amount of musical knowledge is necessary 85 but the vital thing is magnetism, assurance, and a knowledge of crowd psychology. It should be remembered that professional musicians are not necessarily the best leaders. "Invite every oue, both young and old, to join the Chorus, and impress upon them that there will be no voice trials. "The Chorus can be used in connection with the different governmental meetings, and for all kinds of public gatherings, and it will promote a better acquaintance and understanding of the classes, a better neighborhoodness, and a better civic senti- ment." There was great interest in this plan. Shortly after the committee got under way in November, a ''Sing of Victory," for Thanksgiving Day, was planned, and a tentative program was sent throughout the State. The "Sing" in Baltimore was in co- operation with the Peabody Institute, and, notwithstanding a heavy downpour of rain, the aii'air was a great success. On December 12th a Song Leaders' Class was organized, and for Christmas Eve a Christmas Community "Sing" was arranged to be held at the base of the Washington Monument. It was planned to sing the old familiar carols, with the accompani- ment of a quartet of trumpets, after which the chorus was to march through the streets singing the glad tidings of Christ- mas. Kain interfered and the "Sing" was transferred to the Peabody Institute, where an enthusiastic gathering enjoyed the entire program. In December a four-page song-sheet was is- sued, containing patriotic songs, folk songs and songs of senti- ment and the home and some of the old-fashioned roundelays. These sheets were distributed free throughout the State, and there were many calls for them. Some of the large industrial plants used thousands. Definite Liberty Choruses were organized in many communi- ties throughout the State, including Frederick, Hagerstown, Rising Sun, Annapolis, Elkton and Port Deposit. Owing to the closing down of Council work on March 1st, the Music Com- mittee passed out of existence, but at that time arrangements were under way for the organization of choruses in Salisbury, Ellicott City and Cumberland. By this experiment it was dem- onstrated that there is a large desire for choruses and singing societies in Maryland, and it is our hope that the matter will be given larger consideration by our educational authorities, 80 and also that our community organizations will take it up and establish in their neighborhoods music committees and socie- ties. Community Councils When the present Chairman undertook the work in Decem- ber, 1917, he tried to emphasize two policies as paramount if the efforts of the Maryland Council of Defense were to be made successful. Both of these united in the one purpose of increas- ing local organizations so that every part of the State and all its people should be reached. With this was the note of indi- vidual responsibility. Your Chairman on that occasion said : "I assume the duties in connection with this honor with a feel- ing of added responsibility, but these are days when one must not shrink from responsibility, when called upon to give the best that there is in him in service for the defense of Liberty. "I would impress upon you, however, that as the Executive OfBcer of Maryland's Council of Defense, I can accomplish but little without your earnest support and advice. We all want to win the war. but the sending of our brave soldiers to the front, by our people lending their money to the Government or giving it to the splendid causes to which we have been asked to sub- scribe for the care and protection of our men at the front, cannot be fully relied upon to bring us victory. In addition to what has been done and what the people will do along these lines, the spirit of the American people who remain at home must be more fully aroused to the fact that each of us Is in the fight, not in the trenches, it is true, but with an individual responsi- bility upon each one of us that we shall do our full part, that it may be to the end that the people of other nations may have the shackles of servitude broken ; that they may enjoy, and we may continue to enjoy, the blessings of freedom and liberty for which the Stars and Strines of this country stand as an emblem. When this spirit of individual responsibility has been aroused and mobilized, we will have nothing to fear. This, however, can- not come in a moment, and cannot be hoped for except by edu- cation. "It is my judgment that there is no more important work that can be done by this Council at this time than by bending its best energies to the education of our people to an appreciation of the individual responsibility which this war has brought to each one of us, to the end that from one end of this land to the other the spirit of America may be aroused and mobilized in the interest of Liberty." 87 Our idea was to put all our force to work on this community council proposition, and it happened that within a year we had four different bodies co-operating ; first, was the Council of De- fense and the county commissions, second was the Educational Committee and the Field Directors, third was the Women's Section, and fourth was the Agricultural Committee, enlisting the assistance of the county agents. The results were that five hundred community councils, directly under the Coun- cil of Defense, were organized through its various ramifi- cations; a large number aflSliated with the Women's Section, and more than three hundred under the watchful care of the Agricultural Committee, and most of these were reached by our Educational Committee and its literature. No definite work that we did helped more to secure co-operation and to estab- lish the splendid morale of the State than this constant work for and by local organizations. It brought people closer to- gether, and made the individuals more eager to do their work. In March the following letter was received from the President of the United States: The White House, Washington. March 13, 1918. Dear Mr. Chairman : — Your State, in extending its national defense organization by the creation of community councils, is in my opinion maliiug an advance of vital significance. It will, I believe, result when thoroughly carried out in welding the nation together as no nation of great size has ever been welded before. It will build up from the bottom an understanding and sympathy and unity of purpose and effort which will no doubt have an immediate effect upon our great undertaking. You will find it, I think, not so much a new task as a unification of existing efforts, a fusion of energies now too much scattered and at times somewhat con- fused into one harmonious and effective power. It is only by extending your organazition to small communities that every citizen of the State can be reached and touched with the inspira- tion of the common cause. The school house has been suggested as an apt though not essential center for your local council. It symlwlizes one of the first fruits of such an organization, namely, the spreading of the realization of the great truth that it is each one of us as an individual citizen uiwn whom rests the ultimate responsibility. Through this great new organization we will express with added emphasis our will to win and our confidence in the utter righteousness of our purpose. Sincerely yours, WOODROW WILSON. Gen. Francis E. Waters, Chairman, State Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. 88 Copies of this letter in fac simile were sent to every com- munity representative in Maryland. The President's strong words were most gratifying to the people of Maryland, who had already moved in the organization of these community councils, and his letter stimulated them greatly, so that the whole war work in Maryland from the spring of 1918 to the date of the armistice went forward with an earnestness and an effec- tiveness truly admirable. When the armistice came in November the Chairman sent at once to the county commissions and the community councils an urgent appeal that they keep their organizations intact for whatever service they might be called upon to do. The reply to this appeal was general and favorable, showing the spirit which prevailed throughout the State. On November 20th the Executive Committee voted: "That all county commissions and community councils be urged to keep alive and strong tlieir organizations to the end that they may serve the State or the National Government in any requests made of them at any time, and for the still further object of considering and determining the best policies for State and local issues in matters affecting the public welfare." Growth of State Councils The spread of organization in the States demonstrated to the National authorities that the system of State Councils was reaching a value and an importance far beyond expectations. A complete report was made to Newton D. Baker, the Secretary of War and Chairman of the Council of National Defense, and Mr. Baker transmitted this report with a long and strong letter to the President, concluding as follows : "It is difficult to estimate the importance of the service ren- dered, since our entrance into the war, by these State Councils,, their County Councils and the multitude of workers banded to- gether under them, whom we estimate to number at least one million. I feel sure that you, as their Commander-in-Chief, will be proud of their unique contribution in the war and will use your authority to broaden the scope of their activities as condi- tions permit, so that they may go on to still greater achievements." To this the President replied, and the correspondence was sent to the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense and 89 distributed in a special edition to every member and community representative of the Maryland Council. It included the fol- lowing letter : The White House, Washington. My dear Mr. Balfer : — I have read with great interest your account of the achievements of the State Council of Defense, and your general summary of the activities in which they are now engaged. It is a notable record, and I shall be glad to have you express to the State Councils my appreciation of the service they have so usefully rendered. I am particularly struck by the value of extending our defense organization into the smallest communi- ties and by the truly democratic character of a national system so organized. I believe in the soundness of your contention that in the interest of economy and efficiency such machinery as that provided by the State Council system for the execution of many kinds of war worli should be utilized so far as possible by Federal Departments and Administrations. May I suggest, therefore, that you communicate to the heads of all such departments and administrations my wish that when they are considering extensions of their organizations into the States or new ■work to be done in the States, they determine carefully whether they cannot utilize the State Council system, thus rendering unnecessary the creation of new machinery; and that they transmit all requests for action by the State Councils through the State Councils Section of the Council of National Defense? Cordially and sincerely yours, WOODROW WILSON. Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. This correspondence attracted unusual attention in the news- papers and elsewhere. It will thus be seen that the Maryland State Council became more than ever an agency of the Govern- ment, and this through the choice of the President and mem- bers of the Cabinet. The correspondence was transmitted to the Chairman of the Maryland Council, with the following let- ter from the Council of National Defense, dated August 12th : "It gives us great pleasure to transmit to you a message from the President, expressing his appreciation of the service you have rendered to the Nation. You will be interested to read the entire ooiTGspondence between the President and Secretary Baker', Chairman of the Council of National Defense, a copy of which is herewith enclosed. 00 •'We especially direct your attention to tlie President's wish that all Federal Departments and Administrations carefully deter- mine whether they cannot utilize the State Council system rather than extend their own organizations, and that they transmit all requests for action by the State Councils through the State Coun- cils Section of the Council of National Defense." The New Field Division On October 1, 1918, there was a change in the organization of the National Council of Defense in so far as it affected its rela- tion and communications with the State Councils of Defense. I'revious to that time the department of the National Council doing this work was known as the State Councils Section. On the 1st of October the State Councils Section disappeared, and in its place was the new Field Division, of which the Chairman is Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior. This Field Di- vision consisted of six sections, as follows: Federal Agency, Organization and Information, Field Staff, Americanization, Speakers and Field Conservation Section. The idea was to bring the various committees and activities into closer relation and, in the words of Secretary Lane, "to move through the State Councils and subsidiary organizations down to the heart of the nation, its core, the small community. It is an amalgamation of those organizations which have hitherto made this effort — the State Section of the Council and the Women's Committee — and all the far-reaching agencies of both are incorporated as a part of its machinery. It is intended to be the connecting link between the National Council and the citizen." The Secretary said further that the Field Division was an amalgamation of the executive functions of those two organizations within the Council of National Defense — the State Councils Section and the Woman's Committee — which hitherto had served as con- necting links between the Council and the war workers in the States. While working in complete harmony with the new arrange- ment as it did with the old, there was practically no change in the Maryland organization, for the reason that the Maryland Council was created by a special act of the Legislature and its duties, responsibilities and limitations were defined. In quite a number of the States there was no legislative action and the 91 organizations were loosely made. The new order affected them more than it did States like Maryland, where the organization was legal and definite. The Chairman of the Maryland Coun- cil wrote to Hon. G. B. Clarkson, Director of the Field Division, as follows: "I beg to say for your information tbat the Maryland Council of Defense, under the law creating this official body, consists of fifty men. The women's section in this State, is a branch of the Mary- land Council of Defense, and is financed by it. "Under this plan there has been perfect co-operation in faith- ful service of both the men and women, in bringing about an or- ganization in the Council, and among all the people of the State, that is highly gratifying. I, therefore, respectfully suggest that no change be insisted upon, and that all matters pertaining to the work of the Maryland Council be handled by you as nearly as possible in the same manner as heretofore. "In addition to the women's branch of this Council in this State, we also have n branch, one each, for negro men and women." This was followed by another letter, in which the Chairman of the Maryland Council informed the National Council that there was no way by which the Maryland Council, under the law creating it, could more closely co-operate with the women's branch thereof than at persent. He added: "In talking over these matters with the Chairman of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense, I concluded she felt that inasmuch as there was complete co-operation in the war work between the Women's Section and the Maryland Council of Defense, that any change interrupting it at this time, even if it were possible to make it, would be unfortunate." He further said : "There can be no change in the law under which the Mary- land Council of Defense was created until our next Legislature, which does not meet until 1920. by which time I trust the war will be over. If it is not, and it is at that time considered advis- able to have the law changed, efforts in that direction can be made." Thus there was no change in the organization of the Mary- land Council of Defense or in its relation to the Council of National Defense. 92 Publications During the war the Maryland Council of Defense and its various divisions distributed books, pamphlets, circulars and other articles of propaganda and in co operation with the Na- tional Council and patriotic organizations, distributed more than a million copies. The publications and printed communi- cations of the Maryland Council included the following : 1 — What Are We Fighting About? This was one of the first and most successful publications of the early war period. It was prepared by Dr. A. O. Lovejoy and was endorsed by the Educational Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense. Its value was immediately demonstrated, and it was necessary to issue five editions to till the demand for it. The cost was borne by the Maryland Council of Defense. 2 — Milk Cost Survey. At the close of 1917 the milk indus- try of Maryland was threatened, and at the request of the Mary- land Council of Defense Dr. A. F. Woods undertook the investi- gation of conditions and the preparation of a report. This work was very thoroughly done and the report attracted much attention. A large edition was printed and there were calls for copies from every section of America and from other coun- tries. 3 — Civil Eights of Soldiers and Sailors. This attractive booklet of ninety pages was compiled by the Legal Committee appointed by the Maryland Council of Defense, to organize the lawyers of the State to advise the soldiers and sailors of Mary- land in the Federal service concerning their civil and political rights. The work on the book was done by T. Scott Ofl'utt, Esq., and W. L. Clark, Esq. This book was distributed by the Council of National Defense as a model for other States to follow. More than two thousand were distributed throughout Maryland. One State, instead of issuing its own booklet, bought copies of the Maryland publication for distribution. 4. — Address of the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense at the General Meeting of the Council June 24, 1918. 5 — Kules and By-Laws for the Community Councils. This plan was prepared by the Secretary of the Maryland Council and was approved by the Council of National Defense. It was used in community council work. 93 6 — Compulsory Work Law of Maryl.\nd. A large edition of this Act was printed and there were calls for it from every section of the country. 7 — The Maryland Bulletin. The first issue of 1917 con- tained the Acts creating the Maryland Council and authorizing the loan of a million dollars, and also the full membership of the Council and other information. Three thousand copies were distributed. The second Maryland Bulletin in 1918 con- tained the full reports of the Chairman and of the Council and of the Chairman of the Women's Section, and other information. Three thousand copies were distributed. 8 — Letters and Circulars. Many printed communications signed by the Chairman, covering special matters. Historical Division At the meeting of the Executive Committee September 18, 1918, the Chairman announced an organization whose object would be to build up the honor rolls and collect the other rec- ords of Maryland in the war with Germany. He placed before the Committee the nomination of George L. Radclifife as Chair- man of the Historical Division. This appointment was con- firmed by unanimous vote. At the meeting of the Executive Committee January 15, 1919, the Historical Division was authorized to retain and preserve any records, files or papers necessary for the history of the war work of Maryland. The first budget for the Historical Division presented by the Chairman, Mr. Radcliffe, was accepted by the Executive Com- mittee February 5, 1919, and was : Secretary, |2,000 per year ; assistant, |1,040 ; rent of office, |400 ; telephone, |75. At the general meeting of the Maryland Council of Defense and the joint meeting of the Maryland Council and the Women's Section held in Baltimore February 19, 1919, the Historical work was discussed. Your Chairman presented the matter to this general meeting, as follows : "We have organized an Historical Division witti Mr. George L. Radcliffe, Chairman, to compile all available material to facili- tate the history of Maryland's part in the war. The committee has already received several admirable reports, and it is neces- 94 sary, now that the story is fresh in your minds, to see that the activities of each of your respective localities be properly record- ed and filed with the Historical Division. I would urge upon you the importance of this work ; now is the time to record the story. "The world has lost much in advancement by reason of the fact that those who have gone before us have not left us such details of the things wnich befell them, and the causes therefor, as to enable us to escape them. I think there can be no question that such a criticism is just, and we do not want those who follow us to have the same criticism to make of us, "You will, of course, understand that the work to be compiled for historical purposes should embrace the name of every man who went into the army from Maryland, and when I say the army, I mean all of the various branches of the fighting forces, and every detail that can be reliably obtained in regard to each man should be reported, whether he be living or dead. In my judgment, not only should the history of Maryland's part in this war, when written, embrace the activities of the soldiers, but also the ci^'ilian activities, as to how all were aroused to the morale of winning the war; for it was a war different from any other war in the particular that it was not merely between the soldiers at the front, but between the peoples of all the nations that were engaged in it. "The splendid story of the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Y. W. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, the Jewish Welfare and Liberty Loan campaigns and other movements in this State, should be properly portrayed, so that those who come after us shall not only know that the work was done, but if possible, how it was done. To this end, I wish to again impress upon you the importance of the fact that all information that you can give to your Historical Committee will be greatly appreciated." On motion of Frank A. Furst, seconded by Judge Hammond Urner, the report of the Chairman was accepted. Later the Chairman placed before the meeting the question of expense. He said : "I should like to know from those who are present, members of the Council, as to their willingness to favor this expenditure, the extent of which at this time cannot be deter- mined. Those who are in favor will signify by saying 'Aye.' " The motion was carried without dissent and the matter was approved. At the meeting of the Executive Committee, March 12, 1919, Mr. Dennis moved that the Chairman of the Executive Commit- tee be authorized to apportion such funds as may be necessary for the historical work to a sum not exceeding |25,000. Mi\ 95 Furst seconded the motion and it was carried. This appro- priation was confirmed at the meeting of the Committee April 2, 1919, on motion of Mr. Williams, seconded by Mr, Furst. At the meeting of the Executive Committee March 12, 1919, the Chairman stated that he had planned a concentration of the activities of the Council and had requested the Maryland His- torical Society to provide headquarters and space for the His- torical Division, this to be without rental. At the meeting of the Executive Committee May 19, 1919, the Chairman stated that the Historical Division was located 'On the third floor of the Maiylaud Historical Society Build- ing, and was at w^ork securing an accurate list of the Maryland dead and of their families, for the records and for the testimonials signed by the Governor and the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense, as voted by the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council. We were fortunate in persuading George L. Eadcliffe to un- dertake the work. He was corresponding secretary of the Maryland Historical Society and was thus in a position to co- ordinate the work and bring to its aid the valuable assistance and reputation of that great organization of scholars and pa- triots. Mr. Radcliffe, a graduate of Johns Hopkins standing high in its councils, is a fine type of the educated man in busi- ness with a talent for organization. Thus we had the full ad- vantage of one peculiarly fitted for the task and with great love for his State and its history. Soon after his appointment Mr. Eadcliffe made a special trip to Canada to inspect the historical work at Toronto. He visited Washington and conferred with those in charge of the history of the war. Then he brought to- gether for a general consultation and exchange of views, men intimately interested in making Maryland's historical showing adequate and worthy. [See Appendix.] At other times Mr. Radcliffe gave his time and services without expense to the Council. A State-^ide campaign on Recording Day, August 10, 1910, secured the records of almost a third of the sixty thousand men and women of Maryland in all branches of war service. This Recording Day was urged by proclamation of the Governor, which was advertised in every paper of the State and was made 96 notable by unusual co-operation in most of the counties. It was the promising beginning of a great task, for it will be years before the historical data of Maryland's sixty thousand can be assembled. In the meanwhile public interest and the interest especially of the members of the Maryland Council of Defense should continue, to the end that we may have in our archives the full records of our soldiers, sailors, marines and nurses, and also civilians who gave time and energies to war work. [See pages 318 to 324 for details of Historical Division and War Kecords Commission.] Testimonials and Memorials . At the meeting November 6, 1918, the Executive Committee voted that a fitting testimonial to every soldier, sailor, marine and nurse in Government service who paid the supreme sacri- fice during the war be sent to the family or the person desig- nated to receive it. A handsomely engraved testimonial on plate paper eleven by fifteen inches, bearing the crest and the great seal of the State and signed by the Governor and the Chairman, was prepared. The text is as follows : "The State of Maryhiud, m reooguition of the service of (name) who gave his life for his country in the great War for the rights of mankind, presents to you this testimonial that it shares with you 'the cherished memory of the loved and lost and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice on the altar of freedom.' Annapolis, May 1, 1919, Emerson C. Har- rington, Governor of Maryland. Francis E. Waters, Chairman Maryland Council of Defense." The list of the Maryland dead is more than 18(10. Testi- monials for about 1500 of these have been delivered. The others are being delivered as promptly as the confirmations of the names can be secured. Letters of thanks and appreciation have been received from the fathers, mothers and wives, who praise the State's action in thus remembering the dead. The testimonials are for all who died in service either abroad or at home. The Government figures for Maryland in the American Expeditionary Forces to February, 1920, are : deaths, 975; wounded, 2804; prisoners. 33. Of the deaths during the war 69 per cent, were in the American Expeditionary Forces and 31 per cent, in the United States. 97 Through the Council's oflSce were distributed the 480 com- missions for the Council members appointed by the Governor. For Council workers who did not receive commissions by the Governor, the Executive Committee authorized testimonials of similar size signed by the Chairman, bearing the Coat-of-arms of the State aud reading as follows : THE MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, charged by the Gov- ernor and the General Assembly with the co-ordination of activities for the defense of the State, the safety of its people, the protection of prop- erty and the creation of effective co-operation with the Government of the United States, rendering possible in time of need the immediate con- centration and utilization of the resources of the State, hereby makes grateful acknowledgment of the services rendered by (name) to its organization, and through it to the State and country in the course of tlie great war. Given at Annapolis, this eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nineteen. By order of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense. Francis E. Watebs, Chairman. At the meeting December 4, 1918, the Governor placed before the Executive Committee the proposition that Maryland should erect a fitting memorial to the Maryland men and women who took part in the war. The Committee expressed its favor, but doubted that Council money could be used for such a purpose. February 5, 1919, an appropriation of |1,000 for the clerical expenses of the Eeception and Memorial Committee was made. At the meeting April 2, 1919, on motion of Mr. Williams, sec- onded by Mr, Furst, the Executive Committee appropriated |1,000 towards the cost of printing and distributing a letter or certificate to men and women from Maryland in the service, to be signed by the Governor. These have not been issued. After the Armistice After the armistice was declared your Chairman sent fifteen hundred letters throughout the State, urging increase rather than decrease in the activities of the county councils and the community councils. He wrote: "We are in receipt of telegrams from Secretary of the Interior Lane, urging this Council to increase rather than decrease its activities. There will unquestinoably be many important problems 98 to be solved in the recoustniction period after the war, in which your services will be needed as greatly as they are now. It is of momentous importance that you bend every energy possible to aid in the campaign for the raising of funds for the United War Workers, and we ask for your very best efforts in support thereof. "F. E. WATERS, Chairman." At the same time your Chairman took steps to curtail the expenses of the organization. The Non-War Construction Committee closed its work on November 30th. The following general letter was voted by the Executive Com- mittee and w^as sent to every person connected with the Mary- land Council of Defense : An armistice existing and peace in view-, the question of winding up and liquidating the affairs of the Council came up before the Executive Committee at its regular meeting November 20th, 1918. All the members of the Executive Committee of five were present and the Governor of the State participated in and approved the proceedings. All votes were unanimous. It was voted : 1. That while the Council organization should be kept in- tact as long as it is absolutely necessary, the activities and ex- penditures of the Council be decreased with the view and for the purpose of general retrenchment on December 31st, 1918. 2. That county chairmen be requested to notify local secretar- ies or employes that their services will not be required after December 31st. 1918. 3. That the two assistant field directors be notified that their services will not be required after December 31st, 1918. 4. That the Americanization Committee be notified that ex- penditures for this work will be discontinued after December 31st, 1918. 5. That the Compulsory Work Bureau be notified that the services of its employes will not be required after December 31st, 1918, and that its office expenses will cease on that date, the exception to this rule being that the present Director shall be retained in his present position until further notice to be given by the Governor of the State. 6. That other employes of the Council be informed that their services may not be required after December 31st, 1918. 7. That it is the intention of the Executive Committee to cur- tail expenditures, but it invites suggestions having for their pur- pose the future welfare of the State. 8. That if developments demonstrate the necessity for the continuance of the Council during the period of reconstruction, the matter of extending its life for that purpose will be decided by the Governor. 99 9. That all county commissions and community councils be urged to keep alive and strong their organizations to the end that they may serve the State or the National Government in any requests made of them, at any time, and for the still further object of considering and determining the best policies for State and local issues in matters affecting the public welfare. The Maryland Council has been most fortunate in having on the part of all its employes loyal, faithful and efficient service, and the Com- mittee returns to each and every one cordial thanks for their splendid work and every good wish for their future success and happiness. They may rightly feel that they have contributeynn R. Meekins, Seeretary W. O. Peirson. Trensnrcr COUNTY COMMISSIONS Allegany County Daniel Annan, chairman. Cumberland. Md. Col. George A. Pearre Frank C. Beall Wm. T. Couleban James M. Sloan Anne Arundel Counts- Frank M. Duvall, chairman. Motor Route A, Annapolis Robert Moss James M. Monroe Alfred A. Pearre Daniel R. Randall Raltimobe County Charles J. Fox, chairman, Equitable Bldg., Baltimore Oscar W. Keys Fred Von KapCf Carville D. Benson Wm. P. Gundry Calvert Colnty Dr. Philip Briscoe, chairman. Mutual, Md. J. Briscoe Bunting Joseph E. Joy ThoD^as Parran N. W. Broome Caroline County Harvey L. Cooper, chairman, Denton, Md. Harry A. Roe Nathaniel Horsey of S. H. Thos. H. Chambers John M. Swing Carroll County Dr. Henry M. Fitzhugh, chairman, Westminster, Md. Johnzie E. Beasman Herbert R. Wooden Nathan H. Baile Preston B. Engler Cecil County Dr. Howard Bratton, chairman, Elkton, Md. Wm. T. Warburton Frank B. Evans Henry L. Constable Henry M. McCullough Charles County Dr. Louis C. Carrico, chairman, Bryantown, Md. F. S. Lancaster T. E. Sasscer Hon. John F. Mudd Walter J. Michell Dorchester County W. Laird Henry, chairman, Cambridge, Md. Dr. B. W. Goldsborough Robert H. Matthews Levi B. Phillips Earl W. Orem Frederick County Noah E. Cramer, chairman, Frederick, Md. D. Columbus Kemp Dr. Chas. F. Goodell Sterling Gait Lewis H. Fraley Garrett County Gilmor S. Haraill, chairman, Oakland, Md. John W. Hart J- C. Reiniger Geo. D. Browning M. R. Offutt Harford County Thomas H. Robinson, chairman, Belair, Md. Stevenson A. Williams John A. Robinson J. D. Worthington Walter R. McComas Howard County R. A. Johnson, chairman. Union Trust Bldg., Baltimore Humphrey D. Wolfe John W. Brien Augustus' Howard Cornelius Pickett Kent County Harrison W. Vickers, Jr., chairman, Chestertown, Md. Hope H. Barroll C. E. Crane John D. Urie John C. Davis Montgomery County Otho H. W. Talbott, chairman, Rockville, Md. Howard W. Spurrier Kenneth Waters Robert G. Hilton Thomas Dawson 107 Pbince George's Countt George W. Waters, Jr., chainuian. Laurel, Md. A. T. Robinson Oliver Metzerott Grafton C. D. Townsend Wm. D. Pyles Queen Anne's County John E. George, chairman, Sudlersville, Md. James E, Kirwin William C. Orrell William McKenney Charles F. Rich St. Mary's County George W. Joy, chairman, Leonardtown, Md. E. Lee Maguire Charles F. Grason Benjamin Combs Enoch Abell Somerset County Henry J. Waters, chairman. Princess Anne, Md. Geo. W. Brown Robert F. Deur Dr. R. R. Norris E. Benson Dennis Talbot County Francis G. Wrightson, chairman, Easton, Md. Nicholas Orem James C. Mullikiu John W. S. Jump Robert R. Walker Washington County John B. Sweeney, chairman, Hagerstown, Md. H. Lionel Meredith Col. Wm. P. Lane Dr. D. C. R. Miller Thompson A. Brown Wicomico County Louis W. Gunby, chairman, Salisbury, Md. M. V. Brewington Walter B. Miller S. King White Samuel A. Graham Worcester County Marion T. Hargis, chairman, Snow Hill, Md. Edward S. Furbush Charles W. C'orddry P. Lee Bonneville Dr. R. P. Collins WOMEN'S SECTION Chairman — Mrs. Edward Shoemaker Vice-Chairman — Mrs. B. W. Cobkran, Jr. Secretary — Mrs. William Miles Maloy Treasurer — Mrs. William Cabell Bruce STATE COMMISSION Mrs. Edward Shoemaker Mrs. B. W. Corkran, Jr. Mrs. William Milnes Maloy Mrs. Arthur Lee Bosley Mrs. Wm. Cabell Bruce Mrs. Franklin P. Cator Miss S. B. Carter Mrs. C. Baker Clotworthy Mrs. Sydney M. Cone Mrs. Charles E. Ellicott Mrs. Julius W. Freeman Mrs. Robert Garrett Mrs. John Gill 108 Mrs. Mary R. Haslup Mrs. Francis M. Jencks Mrs. Oscar Leser Mrs. J. Charles Linthicvmi Mrs. Austin McLanahan Miss Catherine M. McLane Mrs. Jacob M. Moses Mrs. William Reed Miss Julia R. Rogers Mrs. Francis Sanderson Miss Anne Graeme TurnbuU Mrs. Ellicott H. Worthington Mrs. Francis J. Le Moyne COUNTY CHAIRMEN Allegany — Mrs. J. W. Avirett-Thomas, Cumberland. Anne Arundel — Mrs. Theodore W. Johnson, Annapolis. Baltimore — Mrs. David G. Mcintosh, Jr., Towson. Calvei-t — Mrs. Clarence Davis, Solomons. Caroline — Mrs. J. Kemp Stevens, Denton. Can-all — Mrs. Robert S. Shriver, Westminster. • Cecil — Mrs. C. I. Benson, Port Deposit. Charles — Mrs. Samuel Linton, Riverside. Dorchester — Mrs. William N. Andrews, Cambridge. Fredei-ick — Mrs. Francis H. Markell, Frederick. Garrett— Mrs. E. Z. Tower, Oakland. Harford — Mrs, Walter W. Preston, Emmorton. Hotoardr— Mrs. William S. Powell, Ellicott City. Kent — Mrs. Wilbur W. Hubbard, Chestertown. Montgomery — Mrs. J. Frank Wilson, Kensington. Prince George's — Mrs. Harry J. Patterson, College Park. Queen Anne's — Mrs. J. H. C. Legg, Centerville. St. Mary's — Mrs. Leonard B. Johnson, Morganza. Somerset — Miss Berenice M. Thompson, Princess Anne. Talbot — Miss Alice McDaniel, Easton. Washington — Mrs. James Findlay, Hagerstown. Wicomico — Mrs. E. Stanley Toadvin, Salisbury. Worcester — Mrs. John L. Robins, Snow Hill. EXECUTIVE BOARD Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, Chairman. Mrs. Benjamin W. Corkran, Jr., V ice-Chairman. Mrs. William Milnes Maloy, Secretary. Mrs. William Cabell Bruce Miss Catherine M. McLane Mrs. Charles E. Ellicott Mrs. Jacob M. Moses COUNTY COMMISSIONS Allegent County Mrs. J. W. Avirett-Thomas, chairman, Cumberland. Miss Elizabeth Lowndes, Cumber- Mrs. Patrick O'Rourke, Cumber- land land Mrs. W. W. Hanley, Cumberland Mrs. Ann M. Sloan, Cumberland Anne Arundel County Mrs. Theodore W. Johnson, chairman, Annapolis. Mrs. Robert B. Dashiell, Annapolis Mrs. John E. Craven, Annapolis Miss Katherine Walton, Annapolis Mrs. Elliott H. Burwell, Annapolis Baltimore County Mrs. David G. Mcintosh, Jr., chairman, Rodger's Forge. Mrs. John Ridgely, Towson Mrs. Jack Symington, Luthervllle Mrs. Carville D. Benson, Halethorpe Mrs. Albert S. Cook, Towson Calvert County Mrs. Clarence Davis, chairman, Solomons. Mrs. John W. Leitch, Huntlngtown Miss Sadie Gray, Prince Frederick Miss Carrie Hardesty, Chaney Miss Katherine Briscoe, Prince Frederick 109 Caboune CJoriNTy Mrs. J. Kemp Stevens, chairman, Denton. Mrs. Fred P. Roe, Greensboro Mrs. John W. Stowell, Federalsburg Mrs. Thomas R. Green, Denton Mrs. John W. Payne, Preston Cabboll County Mrs. Robert S. Shriver, chairman, Westminster. Mrs. Henry M. Fitzhugh, Westr Mrs. John H. Cunningham, West- minster minster Miss M. Madeline Shriver, West- Mrs. Maurice S. H. Unger, West- minster minster Cecil County Mrs. C. I. Benson, chairman, Port Deposit. Miss Virginia Abrahams, Port Mrs. W. M. Pogue Deposit Miss Rose Caldwell, Rowlandsville Mrs. Charles McDowell Chables County Mrs. Samuel Linton, chairman, Riverside. Miss Mary C. Kemp, Wel-Come Mrs. Charles M. McPherson, Wal- dorf, R. F. D. Dorchester County Mrs. William N. Andrews, chairman, Cambridge. Mrs. George Woolford, Cambridge Miss M. Jeanie Br^^an. Cambridge Mrs. Edgar A. Jones, Cambridge Miss Sallie Webster Dorsey, Cam- bridge Fbedebick County Mrs. Francis H. Markell, chairman, Frederick. Mrs. Joseph D. Baker, Frederick Miss Bertha Trail, Frederick Mrs. Benjamin S. Reich, Frederick Miss Anne Brunner Kemp, Frederick Garrett County Mrs. E. Z. Tower, chairman, Oakland. Mrs. R. B. Sliger, Oakland Mrs. G. Semmes Hamill, Oakland Mrs. W. R. Offutt, Oakland Mrs. J. L. Pollock, Oakland Habfobd County Mrs. Walter W. Preston, chairman, Emmorton. Mrs. W. W. Bradford, Belair Mrs. Grace R. McAllister, Belair Mrs. John Rush Street, Belair Mrs. Richard Dallam, Belair HowABD County Mrs. William S. Pow^ell, chairman, Ellicott City. Mrs. Charles Carroll, Homewood Mrs. William H. Stinson. Glenwood Mrs. W. Bladen rx)wndes, Ellicott Mrs. George W. Dobbin, Elkridge City Kent County Mrs. Wilbur W. Hubbard, chairman, Chestertown. Mrs. Louis H. Wood, Chestertown Mrs. W. O. Selby, Rock Hall Mrs. Allen A. Harris, Chestertow^n Mrs. William G. Smyth, Fairlee Montgomery County !Srrs. J. Frank Wilson, chairman, Kensington. Mrs. William H. Talbott, Roc-kville Mrs. James H. Jones, Dawsonville Mrs. E. J. Hartshorn, Kensington Mrs. H. C. Allnutt, Ror-kville 110 Prince George's County Mrs. Harry J. Patterson, chairman, College Park. Miss Margaret C. Beall, Beltsville Mrs. William F. Holmead, Landover Mrs. Benjamin F. Wade, Laurel Mrs. Frederick Sassoer, Upper Marl- boro Queen Anne's Covnty Mrs. J. H. O. Legg, chairman, Centerville. Mrs. James Merrick, Jr., Sudlers- Mrs. Spencer Wright, Centerville ville Mrs. Philip Davidson, Queenstown Mm. J. F. Rolph, Centerville St. Mary's County Mrs. Leonard B. Johnson, chairman, Morganza. Mrs. George P. Loker, Leonardtown Miss Lillian Mattingly, Bushwood Mrs. C. Benjamin Greenwell, Mrs. Wallace Dunbar, Ridge Beauvue Somerset County Mrs. Berenice M. Thompson, chairman, Princess Anne. Mrs. J. D. Wallop, Princess Anne Mrs. Columbus Lankford, Princess Mrs. Luther T. Miles, Marion Anne Station Mrs. John T. Handy, Crisfield Talbot County Miss Alice McDaniel, chairman, Ratcliffe Manor, Easton, Md. Miss Mary Jenkins, Easton Miss Mary Bartlett Dixon, Eastoc Mrs. Mason Shehan, Easton Mrs. Albert Sidney Cover Washington County Mrs. James Findlay, chairman, Hagerstown. Mrs. C. A. Little, Hagerstown Mrs. T. F. Young, Hagerstown Mrs. Palmer Tennant, Hagerstown Mrs. Robert McL. Smith, HagerstowE- Wicomico County Mrs. E. Stanley Toadvin, chairman, Salisbury. Miss Irma Graham, Salisbury Mrs. L. Ernest Williams, Salisbury Miss Maria EUegood, Salisbury Miss Elizabeth Collier, Salisbury Worcester County Mrs. John L. Robins, chairman. Snow Hill. Mrs. Francis J. Lloyd, Pocomoke Mrs. Rozelle P. Handy, Berlin City Mrs. Thomas F. Wharton, Stockton Mrs. Charles S. Gregor, Snow Hill COLORED DIVISION Chairman — Dr. Ernest Lyon Vice-Chairmen H. M. St. Clair L. H. Davenport Dr. J. R. L. Diggs John H. Murphy, Sr. Dr. W. M. Alexander Treasurer — Dr. A. L. Gaines Secretary — Prof. H. M. Gross Organizer — Dr. Junius Gray Chairman Finance Committee — A. H. Pitts in BALTIMORE CITY Rev. M. J. Nay lor J. IjOgan Jenkins C. H. Fowler, M. D. Rev. C. H. Stepteau James M. Seward Marcellus Dorsey F. N. Cardoza, M. D. Charles Shipley S. B. Hughes, M. D. W. L. Fitzgerald Rev. A. J. Mitchell Rev. S. A. Virgil John A. Toadvin Howard A. Payne W. C. McCard Rev. P. C. Neal Rev. C. E. Hodges John W. Hawkins Bishop John Hurst R. C. Gross I. P. Brown William Lee J. P. Evans George A. Watty Rev. S. M. Johnson John H. Bailey Rev. C. E. Stewart Rev. C. B. Bishop Rev. W. J. Winston Harry T. Pratt Charles Woodland Rev. D. W. Hays Geo. E. Frev S. R. Bishop Rev. L. Z. Johnson Allegeny William Cooper Rev. F. S. Dennis Dr. Sparks Rev. G. W. W. Jenkins Rev. C. Young John Matthews Anne Arundel Rev. E. S. Wlliams W. H. B. Bates Rev. W. N. Holt D. D. S. Goodloe Baltimore Rev. W. I. Johnson Jessie L. Nicholas Charles Parker Rev. George A. Davis Rev. William Brown Calvert Daniel G. Smith Rev. C. C. Brown Stephen Parker E. V. Stokes W. Ashbie Hawkins Rev. C. G. Cummings Samuel T. Hemsley Rev. Julius Carroll George Owens E. B. Taylor Robert Young Rev. W. W. Allen Rev. D. G. Mack Rev. Frank R. Williams Ed. J. Wheatley, M. D. Rev. James F. Robinson Rev. Sampson Brooks Albert Johnson G. B. Brown Rev. C. H. Murray J. W. Woodhouse S. S. Booker George H. Murphy Arthur L. Macbeth J. E. Fisher, M. D. Rev. L. C. Curtis Wm. McAbee Rev. George F. Bragg Rev. R. W. S. Thomas Mason A. Hawkins C. Ed. Browne Dean William Pickens Clarke L. Smith Wm. H. Wright, M. D. William Anderson T. Wallace Landsay Rev. Wm. H. Weaver COUNTIES Caroline Rev. William Horner Rev. Dickersou George Bailey Carroll Rev. Levi Miller Cecil Rev. D. J. Beckett Charles Henry Hemsley John R. Coombs F. F. King Rev. D. D. Turpeau Rev. Robert C'oates D0RC11E.STER Rev. C. Young John H. Jones John Matthews H. M. St. Clair Frederick Rev. J. A. Young Rev. C. W. Pullen Dr. Bourne 112 GARBErrr J, W. Jackson Harford M. I. Oliver James Ennis Rev. J. G. Bryant Howard Rev. J. Pritohett William H. Powell Remus Dorsey Rev. Matthias Williams Rev. S. H. Norwood Kent Charles Hutchins Rev. C. Bailey Philip J. Henson Montgomery Noah E. Clark Thomas Dorsey J. H. Howard Prince George's Rev. John D. Broadus Rev. William Chew Rev. W. L. Watkins Queen Anne's Rev. Zebulon Heath Harry Stewart John Forrester Somerset Rev. John H. Palmer Dr. J. W. Barkley Rev. Thos. H. Kiah Rev. J. H. Nutter Rev. E. N. Wilson St. Mary's Abraham Smith Peter Jamison William H. Brooks Talbot Clifton Jones Moses Johns William H. Potts Worcester Stephen Long Rev. E. T. Addison Wicomico Howard O. Pinkett Joseph Roberts Thomas Nutter Washington Dr. W. A. J. Wilson WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT, COLORED DIVISION Chairman — Miss Ida Cummings Vice-Chairman — Mrs. Rachael Tucker Secretary — Mrs. W. T. McGuinn Treasurer — Mrs. A. H. Nixon Miss Ida R. Cummings Mrs. Rachael Tucker Mrs. Warner T. McGuinn Mrs. Minnie L. Gaines Mrs. George E. Frey Mrs. Rosa Richardson Mrs. Edna Ried Mrs. Bertha Hurst Mrs. Estelle Young Mrs. Martha Thompson Mrs. Jos. P. Evans Mrs. Jennie C. Jones Mrs. Daniel G. Mack Mrs. Sophia Holmes Mrs. Mary Tankard Mrs. A. H. Nixon Mrs. Ida M. Hilton Mrs. Jennie Mills Mrs. Mary Lyon Mrs. C. E. Stewart Mrs. Mary C. Payne Mrs. M. P. Thomas Mrs. M. A. Hawkins Mrs. Annie T. Hitchens Mrs. Kate Gwatchney Mrs. Mary F. Handy Mrs. Annetta B. Simms Mrs. A. B. Turner Mrs. M. V. Lawson Mrs. Maggie Tucker Mrs. F. K. Owens Mrs. Lacy Penn Mrs. Sophia S. Redden Mrs. R. L. Diggs Mrs. Beal Elliott Mrs. Harold Stephan Mrs. Florence Carroll Miss Martha Booze Miss Carrie L. Cook COUNTIES Mrs. Sadie M. Dennis. Eastiwrt Mrs. Eliza Fletcher, Annapolis Mrs. Fannie Briscoe, Annapolis Mrs. Clara Johns, Chestertown Mrs. Alice B. Green, Jessups Mrs. Mary Stewart, Salisbury Mrs. Martha Parks, Mt. Winans Mrs. Mamie Johnson, Barclay Mrs. Mary Johnson, Curtis Bay Mrs. C. Cook, Curtis Bay Mrs. Jane Patterson, St. Dennis 113 Report of the Treasurer General Francis E. Waters, Ghm/iman, Maryland Cowncil of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. Dear Sir: I beg to hand you herewith State Auditor's report of the receipts and expenditures of the Maryland Council of Defense from the time of organization to June 30, 1920. The accounts of the Treasurer have been audited five times since the Council was organized, the present audit covering the whole period of the Council's existence. I respectfully call your attention to the fact that, while the expenditures of the Council have amounted to approximately 1030,000.00. a considerable portion has been expended for which the State has permanent assets, as per the following list : Prison Farm, House of Correction $57,000.00 Sewage System, House of Correction 5,171.00 Water Supply, Maryland State College of Agriculture 23,000.00 Armories, Cambridge, Hyattsville and Westminster 45,000.00 Armory Site, Cumberland 14,952.25 Fish Hatcheries 8,500.00 Foster Building, Spring Grove 25,000.00 $178,623.25 We have not included in this the $114,181.00 expended for the equipment of the Second Maryland Regiment, which is State property, nor the |200,105.50 expended in the clearing and care of Camp Meade, nor other amounts expended for the neces.sary work of the State or for purposes designated by the Legislature, but it is obvious that, considering the scope of the work and the activities carried on, the actual expenditures of the Council were very moderate. The War Loan of 1917 of $1,000,000 was sold at par, and the balance on hand with the Treasurer of the State of Maryland to our credit June 30th, 1920, was $100,000.00, and with the lU Union Trust Company, $7,907.30. The War Loan of 1918 of 11,000,000 authorized by the Legislature in regular session, was not issued, and stands to the credit of the Council of Defense. The total cash unexjjended to the Council's credit on June 30, 1920, was |107,907.30. Balance in Union Trust Company, Si:7,907.30, to the credit of the Council, was turaed over to Hon. John M. Dennis Treasurer of the State of Maryland, on June 30, as instructed by the Attorney-General, leaving a balance of $100,000.00 unexpended in the hands of the Comptroller, which was never drawn by the Council. These amounts have been audited and certified to by the State Auditor, as per copy of his report herewith. Respectfully submitted, W. O. Pbirson, Tredsurer 115 State Auditor's Report July 2. 1920. General Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. Dear Sir: Acting under jour instructions, we report we have made an audit of the books and accounts of your Council for the period eTuly 28, 1017, to June 30, 1920, and have found the same to be correct. We submit attached hereto Statement of the Cash Receipts and Disbursements of vour Council for the period, supported by detailed schedules of the Disbursements, showing a balance of cash on hand of |7,907.30, which amount has been turned over to the Treasurer of the State of Maryland as per your check No. 6669, dated June 30, 1920. The books, records and accounts of your Council are in good condition, have been well kept, and great care seems to have been exercised in handling and recording the transactions of the Council. Respectfully submitted, William A. Gillespie, State Auditor. STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR THE PERIOD JULY 28, 1917, TO JUNE 30, 1020. RECEIPTS: State of Maryland $900,000.00 Interest on Deixtsits 1,361.4."> Sale of Tools, Camp Meade 1,000.00 Sale of Materials, Census Bureau 214.55 Refund from Mileage Books 112.09 Sale of Film 22.75 Refund from General Expenses 102.10 Returned to Md. Asrricultural Board. Aect. Farm Labor Bureau 957.82 Miscellaneous 81.71 116 Balto. County, Mrs. D. G. Mcintosh, Jr 23tJ.0O Cecil County, Mrs. Constable 13.37 Charles County, Mrs. M. Willis 10.25 Sale of Books 4.00 Sale of Books, Educational 15.39 Refunds : Baltimore Sun 93.43 Women's Section 32.50 Non-War Construction Committee 6.90 A^cultural ; Seed 2,012.60 Board of Police Commissioners 282.48 Educational 10.38 Boys' Working Reserve 51.30 Telephone 5..50 A. S. Abell & Co 1.56 Memorial and Reception Committee — Allegany County (^.82 Maryland State Board of Agriculture — Account of Bovine Tuberculosis 2.44 Lucas Bros 1.75 Refimds : Money advanced, From Counties, (Women's Section) Anne Arundel 2.33 Baltimore 50.83 Caroline 5.97 Carroll 9.31 Cecil 4.72 Frederick 5.01 Howard 19.43 Kent 17.99 Prince George's 7.82 Queen Anne's 6.00 St. Mary's 3.84 Talbot 13.76 Washington 3.86 Wicomico 23.82 Worcester 3.00 Baltimore City 10,00 From XJommittees : Child's Welfare 40.56 Educational Propaganda 50.61 Finance 10.00 Publicity 19.81 Boys' Working Reserve 02.00 Washington County Advertising 5.00 117 Repayment of Loans : Maryland Agricultural College 13,000.00 Agricultural Department, Seed Fund 564.07 Census Bureau, Refund from Tabulating Machine Company 22.00 Miscellaneous Sales : Automobile to State Board of Health 300.00 Ford Car to Board of Police Commissioners.. 375.00 Ford Car, Mid City Garage 200.00 Overland Car, Woman's Civic League 200.00 One Ford Auto— J. Bacon Hyatt 150.00 Nine Stereoptieou Lanterns for Educational Committee 30.00 Pins (Emblem) 871.39 Oil Engine — Fairbanks Morse Co 725.00 Lumber 1,262.50 Portfolio, Rev. E. T. Read 5.00 Furniture, S. W. Pattisou & Co 1&S.17 Furniture, Catherine McLane 10.00 Twenty Chairs, Mrs. Field & Mrs. Carter 15.(X) One Retainer to Woman's Civic League 5.50 Office Furniture, G. W. Haddaway 21.00 Table. Max Way.s l.OO Seed Distribution 141.02 Blankets, John H. Latane 24.60 Blankets, W. O. I'ierson 20..50 PUankets, Maryland Training School for Boys 150.00 Blankets, Pillows, Pillow cases and spreads. . 1,564.85 Blankets, War Camp Community Service 82.00 Blankets, Surrey Lumber Co 41.00 Sale of Furniture in Counties — (Woman's Section) Dorchester County 16.00 Harford County 10.00 Washington County l.OO Wicomico County 43.00 Baltimore County — Mimeograph 31.25 Garrett County — Typewriter 20.00 Miscellaneous : Maryland Agricultural College (sale of tractors) 6,625.62 University of Maryland War Aims Course 2,082.05 Coiiit)iii8ory Work Bureau — Sta nips 2.60 T'nused Mileage 23.13 War Community Service — Disc't rec'd 19.49 118 Boys' Working Reserve — Sale to Ed. Dorl 4.00 L. H. Dielman— Sale of Desk 12.00 Baltimore American 42.00 Surrey Lumber Co. — Blankets 452.40 n. E. Boykin— Blankets 270.60 Mid City Garage— Sale of Automobile 450.00 United States Employment Bureau — Farm Service 90.78 Women's Section — M. L. Hlmmel & Son — Furniture Allowance... 29.75 - Lucas Brothers 25.65 L. E. Fisher .95 Catherine Mcl.ane 3.60 Harriet Staples 16.50 Mathilda Maloy 6.94 Edna M. Carter 3.50 John H. Saumenig Co 3.20 Elizal)eth T. Shoemaker 8.53 Hess Typewriter Supply Co 20.00 Juliet Straborn 26.25 Alice T. Tiffany 7.13 Mrs. Wm. Cabell Bruce 14.85 Brewington Brothers (refund overpayment) . . 4.40 Mrs. S. Baker— Sale of Screens. Y. W. C. A. . . 1.50.00 Total Receipts $937,604.58 DISBURSEMENTS: (I'age numbers below refer to pages in Auditor's Statement.) Office (page 5) $ 24,966.18 Executive Committee (page 6) 4,184. .58 General Meetings ( page 6) 473.41 Expense — Issue of Bonds (page 6) 578.04 Sundry Expenses (page 7) 3.612.42 H. M. Warfield, Adjutant General (page 7) 66,916.74 Board of Public Works (page 8) 179,574.06 Armory Site — Cumberland, Md. (page S) 14,952.25 Armory Commission (page 8) 4.5,000.00 Hospital Train (page 9) 12,647.69 State Board of Agriculture (page 8) 105,772.06 Conservation Commission (page 8) S,.505.29 State Board of Prison Control (page 10) 62,671.00 State Board of Health (page 10) 12,622.00 Board of Police Commissioners (page 9) 37,939.38 Military ( page 9) 86,005.77 Camp Meade (page 10) 6,850.00 Camp Meade — Police Department (page 10) 5,202.47 Britain Day (page 11) 763.30 119 Advertising (pages 11-12) 8,823.36 County Councils (pages 13-14) 2,304.44 Women's Section— Baltimore City (pages 15-16) . . 30,019.41 Women's Section — Counties (page 16) 8,580.55 ' Colored Division (page 17) 5.847.12 Agricultural Committee (page 17) 12.13 Farm Labor (page 17) 108.75 Census Bureau (page 18) 7,053.32 Compulsory Work Bureau (page 18) 16,650.52 United States Employment Service (page 19) 5,503.34 Care of Troops (page 19) 1,517.72 Non-War Construction Committee (page 19) 916.67 Historical Division (page 20) 35,000.00 Bureau of Returning Soldiers (pages 20-21) 2,999.85 Memorial Reception Committee (page 21) 45,744.99 Memorial Reception Committee — Counties (page 22) 10,485.31 Americanization Committee (page 23) 390.86 Registration Day (page 23) 571.60 Preparedness Committee ( page 23) 9,225.36 Department of Music (page 23) 868.55 War Camp Community Service (page 24) 7,489.04 Educational Committee (page 24) 5,455.93 Boys' Worliing Reserve (page 25) 10,470.76 War Recreation Committee (page 26) 5,773.93 State Labor Canning Committee (page 26) 298.05 Cumberland Armory (page 26) 261.15 Rent-Protiteering Committee (page 26) 30.00 War Labor (Committee (page 27) 58.13 University of Maryland (page 27) 3,000.00 Spring Grove State Hospital (page 27) 25,000.00 929,697.28 Excess of Receipts over Disbursements $ 7,907.30 Amount returned to the Treasurer of State of Maryland as per check No. 6669 7,907.30 Maryland Council of Defense Oflice Expenditures. Public Meetings $ 218.80 Salaries 16,134.76 Postage 865.74 Office Supplies and Expenses 350.97 Gfeneral Expenses 4.00 Mimeographing 19.65 R«nt 1,823.00 Rental of Typewriters 108.85 Stationery and Printing 2,925.21 120 Towel Service 25.65 Telegraph 827.53 Furniture 198.64 Newspapers and Magazines 77.83 Ice and Water 90.20 Oamp Meade 8.80 Stenographer 119.50 ;, Reg'ister Fee and Postage 14.50 ' Railroad Fare 32.20 Meetings Md. Council 24.60 Bond Premiums 35.00 Hauling 31.25 Traveling Expenses 7.79 Expressage 5.00 July 4th, 1918, Celebration 267.44 Auditing Books 12.50 Entertaining "Blue Devils" 18.00 Messenger Ser\ace 56.46 Advertising 31.06 Refunds 90.00 Filling in Certificates 209.55 Gold Foil on Certficates 32.25 Framing Certificates 12,00 Certificate Holders 26.25 Lithographing 100.00 Moving from 703 Union Trust Building 4.00 Typewriting Reports 25.00 Appropriation for Services 100.00 Overdraft of old Preparedness Commission 23.20 $ 24,966.18 Maryland Council op Defense Executive Committee Field Director, Petty Expense Fund $ 100.00 Salaries of Field Directors 2,159.11 Field Work 255.60 Messenger Service .40 Postage and Telegrams 16.73 Advertising 42.50 Incidentals 25.00 Entertaining "Blue Devils" 346.70 Rent Profiteering Committee : Stenographer $ 25.00 Printing and Stationery 18.25 Postage 5.30 Sundries 27.50 76.05 121 Educational Committee: Salaries $1,149.99 Auto Storage 12.50 i 1,162.49 General Meeting. Railroad Fare $ 51.51 Hotel 40.25 Stenographer 43.90 Luncheon 327.75 Incidentals 10.00 Expense Account — Issue of Bonds. A. S. Abell Co $ 78.30 Security Bank Note Co 405.00 Meyer & Tbalheimer 94.74 Maryland Council of Defense Sundry Expenses. E)quipment of Hospital Train $ 12.54 Postage 84.40 Wages •• 667.29 Office Furniture and Fixtures 00.00 Typewriter Rental 21.00 Stationery— Printing 119.89 General Expenses 15.52 Office Rent • 169.00 Advertising 56.50 R. R. Fare •• 218.20 Light and Heat 6.00 Meetings (Colored Section) 90.54 Meals 6.00 Telephone 27.49 Moving Picture Educational Committee 22.50 War Recreation Committee 2.00 Ernest Lyon, to Bel Air 1.70 W. A, Hawkins, to Bel Air 1.70 A. L. Gains, to Bel Air 1.70 W. H. Gross, to Bel Air 1.70 Traveling 25.18 Auto Hire 1.25 Proportion Expense operating McCoy Hall 5.67 Music 20.00 Meetings • • 63.30 Creed 8.00 Report of C ouncil Meetings 35.00 Distributing Cards 20.00 Printing of Report 1,848.35 $ 4,184.58 $ 473.41 $ 578.04 -$ 3,612.42 122 H. M. Warfteld, Adjutant-Oeneral. National Guard Expense $ 49,852.15 Clearing Camp Site 586.80 State Guard 2,500.00 State Guard Uniforms 7,226.88 State Guard Cots 2,954.60 Shirts 2,642.48 Army and Navy Supplies 1,153.83 $ 66,916.74 Board of Public Works. Cleaning Camp Meade Site $179,574.06 Armory Site at Cumberland. Minutes of July 24th, 1917 $ 14,952.25 Armory Commission. Minutes of July 17th, 1917 $ 45,000.00 State Board of Agriculture. Labor $ 6,695.00 Agriculture 28,305.20 Army • 2,073.67 Special Appropriation 6,000.00 Tractors 4,000.00 Appropriation for Eradication Bovine Tuberculosis 10,000.00 Appropriation for Construction of Dining Hall 8,500.00 Emergency Extension 6,000.00 Additional Loan 4,500.00 Appropriation — Water Supply 15,000.00 Appropriation 5,000.00 Fuel Oil 5.96 Refund Seed Account 1,692.23 Appropriation "H" 8,000.00 $105,772.06 Conservation Commission. For Fisheries $ 8,505.29 Board of Police Commissioners Guarding Baltimore Water Works. Pay Roll $ 36,948.30 New Auto 612.75 Telephone 10.24 Auto Expense 368.09 $ 37,939.38 123 Military. Uniforms, Shoes, Shirts, etc $ 56,321.19 Tents 5,936.96 Equipment 21,971.62 Machine Guns 1,500.00 Salary 2r.(K00 Horse Hire 2»;.00 $ 86,005.77 Hospital Train. Train Equipment $ 11,268.12 Motor Repairs 12.50 Salaries 4'3.47 $ 12,647.60 Camp Meade. Uniforms and EJquIpment $ 90.75 Salary 100.00 General Expense 50.05 Insurance 240.06 Automobile and Equipment 501.01 Repairs to Tractor 122.40 Board of Health for Director; Salary $2..j.00 Exi^enses 833.33 3,3:5:133 International Harvester Co.— Two Tractors 2,322.40 $ 6,850.00 Camp Meade — Police Department. Salaries $ 2.734.«) Railroad Fare 15.22 Board and Lodging 1 ,430.16 Auto Expense 90.(>l Stationery and Printing 611.98 Mileage 192.50 Traveling Expenses 3,659.34 Furniture • • 148.08 Typewriting 12.76 General Expenses 223.85 Kent of Typewriters 73.92 Advertising 12.00 Postage 113.50 Telephone 139.06 Rent • 498.75 Water and Ice 25.55 Towel Service 11.40 Official Badge 19.25 Incidentals 32.48 Office Supplies and Expenses 60.50 $ 16,650.62 V. 8. Emplovment Service. Salaries | 6,113.51 Janitor 30.00 Painting Signs 25.00 Window Shades 24.65 Distributing Circulars 1.50 Cleaning Windows 6.00 Typewriter Sundries 4.50 Towels 1.25 Office Sundries 18.30 Advertising (Printing) 15.00 Telephone and Telegraph 77.45 Bent 76.25 Storage 59.23 C5ar Tickets 18.00 Hauling 3.30 Publishing 29.40 $ 5,503.34 Care of Tro&pa. Meals and Lodging | ],234.ii Heating Building 25.00 Miscellaneous 258.61 $ 1,517.72 Non-War Construction Committee. Salaries I 571 01 J^^t 60.00 Printing and Stationery 7O.15 131 Traveling Exi)enses 29.;^ Office Supplies and Exi)enses 62.35 Postage 14.26 Miscellaneous 9.52 Appropriation lOO.OO $ 916.67 Historical Division. Disbvraements. Salaries $ 12,879.48 Traveling Expenses 300.97 Rent 133.33 Office Supplies aud Exi>enses 721.41 Postage 4,406.19 Telephone and Telegrams 191.45 Stationery aud Printing 804.05 Papers 91.77 Towels 3.89 Hauliug 54.33 Incidentals 239.00 Water 11. ."0 Ice ."t.!)l) Janitor 275.00 Typewriting 210.65 Typewriter Rental LlLiX) Typewriter Sundries 2.50 R. R. Fare 94.1,^ Advertising 20.0<> Freight 1.77 Expressage 7.53 Photographs 47.5tj Multigraphing 24.05 Parcel Post 9. 70 Auto Sundries 4,00 Auto Hire 42.50 Car Fares 13.45 Publishing 60.80 Subscriptions 12.00 Luncheons 14,70 George L. Ratcliffe, Treasurer 14,164.68 $ 35,000.00 Bureau of Returned Soldiers. Salary $ 1,819.75 Printing and Stationery 70.52 Office Sundries 58.14 J«"itoi" 220.00 Pai^t'J's 5.00 132 Telephone and Telegraph 624.92 Cleaning Windows 50.00 Carfare 12.00 Hotel 10.00 Meals 14.75 lee 13.34 Water 25.50 Hauling 14.33 Electric Light 12.00 Towels 29.90 Auto Expense 1.35 City Directory 8.00 Advertising 5.45 Typewriter Sundries 4.70 R. R. Fare 5.20 $ 2,999.85 Reception and Memorial Committee — City. Rent $ 595.80 Telephone 136.37 Stationery 65.78 Postage 50.00 Transportation 2,743 27 Band 2,406.92 Meals for Soldiers and Sailors 23,755.75 Salary 350.00 Advertising 384,35 Decorating 7,204.05 Hauling 11.00 Flags 364.36 Incidentals 2,239.98 Entertainment 98.13 Auto Hire 27.00 Stenographer 33.00 Papers 3.66 Construction and Removal of Band Stands 4.529.57 Jewelry and Medals 740.00 $ 45,744.99 Reception and Memorial Committee, Counties. Music $ 1,757.23 R. R. Fare 70.00 Meals for Soldiers and Sailors 3.991.23 Telephone 10.00 Postage 9.00 Advertising and Printing 438.57 Badges, Buttons and Pennants 97.15 133 Flags, Si^s and Fireworks 885.92 Rent 27.50 Tractor Service 7.00 Reception 274.25 Incidentals 283.72 Hauling G9.00 Wages 142.28 Piano Rental 8.00 Janitor 10.36 Lumber and Sundries 42G.14 Flowers and Decorating 1,418.79 Guarantee 25.00 Merchandise 352.57 Auto Hire 115.60 Horses 10.00 Special Offices 30.00 Construction of Stand 26.00 $ 10,485.31 Reception of Monorial Committee — Counties. Allegany $ 1,276.97 Anne Arundel 724.77 Baltimore 2,447.98 Carroll 700.32 Charles 170.00 Dorchester 599.74 Frederick 1,100.00 Kent 341.17 Prince George's 800.00 Queen Anne 403.56 Talbot 400.00 Washington 920.80 Wicomico 600.00 $ 10,485.31 Americanization Committee. Salaries $ 300.00 Printing and Stationery 48.80 Postage 20.00 Traveling Expenses 22.06 $ 390.86 Registration Day. Baltimore County $ 51.20 Dorchester 75.00 Montgomery 50.00 Queen Anne's 50.00 Talbot eO.OO Washington 62.30 134 Miscellaneous — Car Signs $ 42.50 Meals for Camp Meade Band 165.00 Sundries 15.G0 223.10 $ 571.60 Preparedness Committee. Stationery and Printing $ 3,885.54 Clothing 925.00 Legislature 423.00 Postage 166.29 Speakers 55.34 Advertising 49i7.52 Out-Out Slides 3.00 Rent of Typewriter 3.00 Freight and Express 7.88 Western Maryland R. R. Co. on account of Military Census— April 10, to June 6, 1917 3,086.98 Stretchers 118.00 Instruments 2.70 Office 19.55 Telephone 31.56 f 9,225.36 Department of Music. Salaries $ 590.00 Office Furniture 20.00 Printing and Stationery 101.75 Office Supplies and Expenses 62.50 Traveling Expenses 66.97 Song Leader 4.50 Postage 20.68 Expressage .80 Telephone and Telegraph 1.35 $ 868.55 War Camp Community Service. Spreads, Blankets, Sheets, Towels, etc $ 7,489.04 Educational Committee. unirniture $ 198.25 Salaries 1,255.17 (stationery and Printing 854.54 Postage 158.63 Telephone and Tel^raph 248.40 Traveling Expenses 438.50 Board and Lodging 99.73 Auto Repairs 43.54 135 Rent 226.00 Lettering 19.75 Parcel Post 8.68 Hauling 15.75 Advertising 40.23 Rent of Typewriter 49.50 Truncheons (53.95 Rent for meetings 208.30 Messengers 18.55 Lantern Slide Equipment 218.34 Incidentals 24.70 Towel Service 8.95 Sundry Expenses 23.25 Auto Hire 17.00 Frames, Cords, etc 52.30 Water and Ice 20.65 Exjiense of Speakers 207.62 Office Supplies and Expenses 41 .45 Stereoptican Slides 20.52 Stereoptlcan Operator 12.00 Electric Fan 23.62 Sign 2.00 Patriotic Speaking Classes — Salary 250.00 Salaries and Exi>enses ^',.91 Appropriation Preparing Men for National Army . . 500.00 $ Boys' Working Reserve. Automobile and Accessories $ 806.29 Expenses to Washington, Postage and Incidentals. . 43.38 Stationery and Printing 354.56 Salaries 2.146.57 Postage and Incidentals 50.00 Auto Repairs and Expenses 232.C>3 Telephone and Telegraph 219.02 Auto Hire 13.50 Traveling Expenses 619.05 Incidentals 53.62 Photo Films 160.75 Cots, Mattresses, Blankets, etc 1,">68.S1 Tents and Stakes 653.40 Window Shades 11 .00 House Furnishings 921 .57 Advertising 320.94 Insurance 64.65 Pliotographs 35.50 Office Equipment 122.96 136 5,465.93 Camp Supplies 254.34 Freight and Hauling 133.02 Water and Ice 7.85 Towels 1.30 Newspapers 17.24 OfiBce Supplies and Expenses 66.90 Medical Supplies 41.47 Physician 244.50 Boys' Amusements 202.04 ; Motion Picture Films 844.70 Motion Picture Machine and Operator 30.00 Shower Spray 30.70 Laundry 41.60 Maps 2.50 Wreath 2.00 Appropriation for Incidentals 25.00 Wages 15.00 Hardware 1.00 Chairs 12.00 Moving Pictures lO.OO $ 10,470.75 War Recreation Committee. Recreation Room $ 38.53 Stationery 431.63 Printing 109.46 Janitor 52.41 Kitchen Supplies , 24.60 Office Furniture 301.60 W. B. and A. R. R. Payroll 655.00 Water Rent 62.62 Electric Light , 252.58 CTas 35.00 Salaries 2,704.35 Typewriter Rental 33.81 Telephone 129.49 Proportion of Expenses — McCoy Hall 57.44 Rent 16.88 Hauling 24.50 Postage 7.00 R. R. Fare 175.86 Incidentals 58.23 Moving Piano ••..•• 8.00 Towel Service 8.82 Salaries, Information Bureau 463.42 Office Expenses 22.70 Fetty Expense Fund 100.00 $ 5.773.9a: 137 state Lahor Ganninff Committee. Salaries $ 250.00 Postage 15.00 Telephone and Telegraph 4.75 Stationery and Printing 28.30 $ 298.05 Cumberland Armory. Putting in Glass $ 2.00 Spray Pump 12.00 Stoves, etc 94.77 Wiring Fixtures 64.38 Whitewashing 88.00 $ 261.15 Rent Profiteering Committee. Stenographer $ 30.00 War Labor Committee. Advertising $ 58.13 University of Maryland. Appropriation for War Aims Course $ 3,000.00 Spring Orove Hospital. Appropriation ? 25,000.00 138 Appendix A Joint Resolution No. i A Joint Resolution pledging the resources of the State it Maryland to tlie United States for the successful prosecution of the war: WHEREAS, The United States is at war with the Imperial German Government In order that the world may be made safe for democracy ; THEREFORE, be it RESOLVED by the General Assembly of Mary- land, That the State of Maryland pledges all Its resources to the Govern- ment of the United States for the successful prosecution of the war. Approved June 27th, 1917. An engrossed copy of the above Resolution was delivered to the President of the United States by a delegation of Maryland citizens for whom the Secretary of State of Maryland acted as spokesman. Appendix B Text of the Act Passed by the Maryland Legis- lature AT Its Extraordinary Session IN June, 1917 Chapter 24, entitled an Act creating and providing for the Maryland Council of Defense, and prescribing Its powers and duties. Section 1. Be it Enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the Maryland Council of Defense is hereby created. The said Council shall consist of not more than fifty members, all of whom shall be ap- pointed by and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor, who shall designate one of the members to act as Chairman. The term of office of the said Council shall be the duration of the present war, and for such period of time thereafter as the Governor may deem necessary for the welfare of the State. The members of the Council shall serve without pay, but may be allowed necessary travelling expenses incurred In the actual performance of their duty. The Council may. with the approval of the Governor, employ such clerical or other assistants as may be necessary, at such compensation as the Council, with the Gov- ernor's approval, may determine. The Council shall also be allowed for such printing, advertising, stationery, office or other proper expenses as may be necessary, and as the Governor may approve. Section 2. And be it Further Enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Council : (a) To co-operate with and assist the Council of National Defense In the execution of the duties prescribed by the Act of Congress of the 139 United States, approved August 29th, 1916, or any Act amendatory there- of or supplemental or additional thereto. (b) To co-operate with Councils of Defense or other similar bodies in other States, in so far as such co-operation is in harmony with the policies of the said Council of National Defense and with the welfare of this State. (cT^To make all investigations, with respect to any and all matters and subjects whatsoever, which the Council may consider advisable for the interests and welfare of the State or the Nation in the present emer- gency, and to report thereon to the Governor, with such recommendations as it may deem proper. (d) To assist the Governor in doing all things necessary to bring about the highest effectiveness within the State in the crisis now existing, (e) To organize and direct such public employment labor exchanges as it may deem necessary, during the present emergency, which shall co- operate in every practicable way with similar exchanges in other States and with the United States Employment Service. Section 3. And be it Further Enacted, That the Council may adopt such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for the performance of its duties. It may form advisory or other committees or bodies from outside its membership, to aid it in the discharge of Its duties. It shall form an Executive Committee of five members and such other committees from among its own members as may be necessary or convenient, with such powers as the Council may confer upon any such committees, respectively. It may act in conjunction with such other bodies or agencies and with State, County and Municipal boards and commissions as it may find necessary or desirable. Whenever the Ex- ecutive Committee of said Council is by any Act or Acts given any power or jurisdiction with respect to the disbursement of moneys appro- priated by the State, the Comptroller of the Treasury and the State Treasurer shall constitute part of said Executive Committee, so that in all such cases the Executive Committee shall consist of the regular five members thereof, and the Comptroller and the Treasurer. Section 4. And be it Further Enacted, That all officers, departments, boards, commissions, institutions and agencies of the State Government, or of any county or municipality in the State, shall co-operate with the Council, and shall render it such aid and assistance and give it such information as the Council may need or require. Section 5. And be it Further Enacted, That all expenses and dis- bursements authorized by this Act shall be paid out of any moneys in the Treasury available therefor and not otherwise appropriated, or out of any moneys appropriated for such purpose, such payments to be made, from time to time, on the order of the Executive Committee of the Council, by and with the sanction and approval of the Governor, such orders to be directed to the Comptroller, who shall draw his warrant upon the Treasurer for the amount thereof as in law provided. 140 Section G. And be it Further Enacted, That this Act is hereby de- clared to be an emergency law and necessary for the immediate preser- vation of the public safety, and being passed upon a yea and nay vote supported by three-fifths of all the members elected to each of the two Houses of the General Assembly, the same shall take effect from the date of its passage. Approved June 27th, 1917. Appendix C Purposes of the Million Dollar Loan. Extract FROM Chapter 3, Entitled an Act to Authorize THE Creation of a State Debt of One Million Dollars for the Defense of the State Section G. And be it Further Enacted, That the actual cash pro- ceeds of the sale of any and all certificates of indebtedness authorised to be issued under this Act, shall be paid to the Treasurer of the State, upon the warrant of the Comptroller. There shall first be repaid to the Treasury of the State, out of said proceeds, whatever advances may have been made therefrom for the purposes or any of the purposes mentioned in Section 5 hereof. The balance of said proceeds shall be used exclu- sively, as far as the same are required, and in the manner and subject to the discretion hereinafter more particularly described, for any or all of the following purposes, in accordance with the several Acts of Assembly, passed at the present extraordinary session of the Legislature, respec- tively providing therefor, it being hereby declared that said purposes are necessary for the defense of the State ; that is to say : a. For the purpose of meeting the expenses and disbursements incident to any Military Enrollment already made or to be made pursuant to Chapter 311 of the Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland of 1916, and any amendments thereto, or any other law of this State providing therefor. b. For the purpose of mobilizing, equipping, compensating, transport- ing, supplying and maintaining in any and every way, within this State, such portions of the National Guard or Naval Militia as may have been or may hereafter be called into active service by this State, and may not be mustered into the service of the United States. c. For the purpose of meeting all expenses incident to any draft or drafts which the Governor may be authorized to make and may make. d. For the purpose of meeting such expen.ses and disbursements of the Maryland Council of Defense as may be lawfully authorized and incurred. €. For the purpose of meeting the expenses and disbursements incident to the organization, training, equipment, arming, ammunitioning and maintaining of the Maryland State Guard. 141 /. For the purpose of payiug or aiding the counties of the State and the City of Baltimore in meeting exiienses incident to the taking of votes by mail ; provided, however, that this authority shall not affect in any manner the obligation of said counties and city to pay the said expenses as now provided by law. g. For the purpose of acquiring property in order to establish and maintain thereon a State farm, and to provide for the guarding, trans- portation, lodging, feeding, clothing and medical and other care and at- tention of prisoners working on said State farm, and for their per diem compensation. h. For the purpose of acquiring property by State institutions for farms upon which the inmates thereof may work. i. For the purpose of providing for the guarding, transportation, lodg- ing, feeding, clothing and medical and other care and attention of such prisoners as may be required to work for the State Roads Commission on the public roads and bridges under that Commission's jurisdiction. /. For the purpose of making any payments to be advanced by the State to persons not regularly and continuously employed, who may he assigned to work in accordance with the Act of Assembly passed at this extraordinary session of the Legislature providing therefor. A-. For the purpose of promoting or aiding in any way whatsoever in the conservation, production or regulation of agricultural food or dairy products or supplies, with authority to make such payments to or in connection with such existing boards, commissions or other agencies or instrumentalities. State or National, or otherwise, as may be expedient. J. For the purpose of constructing and establishing fish hatcheries, as an aid to the conservation and production of sea food. m. For any and all such other purposes not herein specifically enumer- ated as may be deemed necessary and proper, in the discretion of the said Executive Committee, by and with the sanction and approval of the Governor, for the defense of the State, the safety of its people and the protection of property, and to aid the State or the United States in the present war ; and also for the purpose of carrying into effect the pro- visions of any Act or Acts of Assembly, which are not herein specifically mentioned, but which may be intended or may be resorted to for the defense of the State, or the safe-guarding of its people and property, or otherwise aiding the State or the United States, in the present war, whether such Act or Acts of Assembly are now existing or may hereafter be passed. The said Executive Committee, by and with the sanction and approval of the Governor, is particularly authorized and made the agency to expend the proceeds of this loan in the manner herein described, for any and all of the purposes authorized by the Act passed by the present extraordinary session of the General Assembly relating to the establish- ment of a military camp within the State, in accordance with said Act; and also for any and all health or .sanitary purposes of any kind what- ever, and at any place or places whatsoever, which may be desirable and proper for or by reason of or as an incident to said military camp, 142 with authority to do any and all such work by or through or in connec- tion with such other existing boards, commission or other agencies or instrumentalities, State or National, or otherwise, as may be expedient. n. The purposes above mentioned, shall be liberally construed, and any and all expenditures which can fairly be said to be desirable or appropri- ate to effectuate any of them, and to carry out the objects of this Act, are authorized to be made out of the loan hereby provided for. Section 7. And be it Further Enacted, That the said Executive Com- mittee of the Maryland Council of Defense, by and with the approval and sanction of the Governor, shall, from time to time, investigate and deter- mine the purposes aforesaid for which, or for some or any of which, the proceeds of the loan hereby authorized, or any part or parts thereof, shall be expended, and may, from time to time, apportion said moneys among said purposes in such amounts as they deem proper. Appendix D Extract from the Act Providing for the Organi- zation AND Maintenance of the Maryland State Guard Section 99. All expenses and disbursements authorized by this Act shall be paid out of the moneys appropriated for such purposes ; such payments to be made, from time to time, on the order of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense, by and with the sanction of the Governor ; such orders to be directed to the Comptroller, who shall draw his w^arrant upon the Treasurer for the amount thereof as in law provided. Appendix E The War Address of Governor Emerson C. Harrington Members of the Council of Defense : Ladies and Gentlemen : The Congress of the United States on the first day of April, nineteen hundred and seventeen, declared a state of war to exist between this Nation and the German Nation, and the President of the United States has promulgated that decree and called upon the people and the Execu- tives of the different States to render every assistance within their power in the great struggle in which we, together with our Allies, will now be engaged until the common enemies shall be vanquished and the principles for which we enter the war shall be forever secured to us and to the whole civilized world. US I appointed a body of dislnguished men and women from Baltimore City and the different counties, in order that at this critical juncture 3 might have the benefit of the best and ablest advice available within 'Dur State. And at a meeting of this Council, it was decided that the ^st service which we could first render would be by bringing before the people of the State, the causes of the war, the demands which will be made upon our people and the sacrifices which we all will be called upon to make. I know the traditional ix)licy of our Government as laid down in the farewell address of the immortal Washington has been to avoid entang- ling alliances with European Nations, and to avoid taking part in European squabbles. No better advice could have been given to guide our youthful Nation through its early trials and history. But one hun- dred and twenty years have passed, and from a Republic of 3,000,000 we have grown now to be a country of 110,000,000 souls, and the weal- thiest and most powerful Nation on the earth. And above all, we are a peace-loving Nation. We covet no Country's territory, and we have no longing for conquest. We are not warlike and we carry no chips upon our shoulders. We have believed in the victories of peace. But the conditions of the whole world have changed. Science, dis- covery and invention have practically annihilated both time and distance. And now the problems of the world are our problems, too, and the ques- tions that affect humanity and the destiny of the world, are of the great- est moment to us. Today, we could not, if we would, and we should not, if we could, remain aloof when civilization. Christianity, liberty, human- ity, the very existence of our Government and all that we hold most ■dear in life, lay trembling in the balance. So, today, I say this fight is our fight, and this war is our war, and has been from its very outbreak. The liand of destiny points to America. God in His providence has so blessed and prospered us, and given us vision to be His instrument in rescuing humanity in this awful war which has been raging for three years in Europe, and which now it seems will engulf the whole civilized world. President Wilson has kept us out of war as long as it was possible to do so without dishonor, without disgrace. I must confess that I was one of those Americans who felt that our Nation should have gone to war when our soil was invaded by Mexican soldiers and American citizens were killed by Mexican bullets. Then again my blood boiled with indig- nation, when I saw the soil of Belgium, a neutral nation, invaded by the Army of the Hun, many of her hospitals, her public and private buildings devastated, her young women dishonored, and her old men, women and children either killed or carried away into involuntary slavery. Still more impatient did I become when the Lusitania, in de- fiance of all recognized principles of international law, was sunk by a German submarine, and American citizens went down to a watery grave. But, I now thank God that we had in these troublous times a man in the White House of the cool judgment and wisdom of Woodrow Wilson, 144 who kept us out of war, until the proper time for action came and when the people of our own Country felt that further forbearance would mean dishonor, and all the Nations of the earth realized that we entered the war for no ulterior or selfish motives, but for the most righteous causes and the highest ideals for which any Nation ever accepted the gage of battle. Our Country was not ready for war. We have never carried a large standing army. We have depended largely upon our National Guard for any emergency, but thank God, we have been getting ready, and we will demonstrate to the world that a democracy when aroused and united in a common cause is more invincible than any Monarchy on earth, however absolute. And so today, I come to tell you of the great struggle in which we are now engaged and what will be expected of us in Maryland and of the great sacrifices which we will be called upon to make. I want to see the National Guard of Maryland filled up entirely by volunteers. I appeal to the patriotism of our people. We can do no less when we remember our proud heritage, when we recall our glorious traditions, and then, too, we will fill our quota in the Navy by volunteers. But I must likewise tell you that the exigencies of this world war will be such that not thousands and tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands, but millions of the bravest and best of our sons will be called to cross the ocean and fight on the plains of Belgium, the heights of Italy and in the trenches of France. This Army cannot be raised from volunteers. I, therefore, am here to defend the Selective Draft as the fairest and best plan for the raising of a National Army. The volunteer plan will enlist the red blooded boys of our Nation, but the Selective Draft is a neces- sity, is fair and is no respecter of persons. The rich man's son, the poor man's son, men of high or low degree within the ages of the draft, are equally liable and vnll fight side by side on a perfect equality in defense of democracy. At the same time, it will protect those who have depen- dants for whom they must provide, until such exigency shall occur, if it shall occur, when the whole manhood of America may be summoned to arms. I know there are those among you who say we are perfectly will- ing to fight in the defense of our Country if it shall be invaded, but who do not believe we should interfere in the quarrels of the old world and send our boys across the seas to fight, but that we should await the enemy's coming over here, when all America will arise in defence. This reasoning is fair, but I am confident that the great majority of the people of our Country, like myself, have not heretofore understood the great world menace that has for half a century or more been growing up in the German Nation under the Prussian dynasty, that now threatens not only the liberty of Europe, but contemplates the whole wide world in its final victory. Our Nation and our Government, I fear, has been too slow to grasp or appreciate what the German Nation has been teaching and preparing for during the last fifty years. It is time that the naked truth stands forth, when we behold this German Nation in her true light, 145 her doctrines, her ambitions, and her purposes are almost beyond human belief. But today, these purposes and ambitions stand revealed and show Germany as she is, and it is now seen that it may take the combined action and sacrifice of the whole civilized world to prevent the success- ful designs of the boldest autocracy that ever lived to make its govern- ment world wide by the destruction of the other races of mankind and the building up of the German race as the one race of the earth and the establishment of a universal Empire with the Hohenzollens as the agent of God to rule supreme throughout the whole wide world. This is no idle statement. If revelation be true, then the Kaiser is entitled to be the Beast spoken of in Holy Writ. But I hope the Lake of Fire, burning with brimstone, is now ready wherein the Beast will be cast. I once made a distinction between the German Kaiser and the German people. I no longer make that distinction. Fifty years of training, of education, of false damnable doctrines, has converted the German Nation into the very reflection of the Kaiser himself, and so it is not only the Kaiser but the German people who must be taught by force, for force alone appeals to them, that the wrath of God can and will punish, and that the day of vengeance is at hand. The German people are behind the German Kaiser. Let me read from one of their Ministers of the Gospel. "Anyone," he says, "who cannot bring himself to approve from the bottom of his heart the sinking of the Lusitania, who cannot conquer his sense of the monstrous cruelty to countless perfectly innocent victims and give himself up to honest joy at the victorious exploit of German defensive power, such a one we deem no true German." Such is the teaching of their Ministers of the Gospel. Let us look at the teachings of their Sovereigns in matters of Govern- ment, from the establishment of the present line of Sovereigns. Frederick II, said on one occasion : "If there is anything to gain by it we will be honest, if deception is necessary, let us be cheats." At another time, "One takes when one can and one is wrong only when obliged to give back." Once more, "Our policy is that we will keep no Ministers at home but clerks, and no Ministers abroad but spies." And still once more, "There is only one person in the Kingdom and that is myself." In 1849, William I, said, "All written constitutions are only scraps of paper." William I, in 1871, said, "Providence has willed that we should be instruments." William II, in 1901, said, "We shall conquer everywhere, even though we be surrounded by enemies on all sides, for there is a powerful ally, the old good God in Heaven, who has always been on our side." And again in 1910, he said, "Taking upon myself the instrument of the Lord, without regard to the opinion and interests of mankind I go my way." "The spirit of the Lord has descended upon me because I am the Em- peror of the Germans." "We are the salt of the earth." Ladies and Gentlemen, these are the views not only of the Sovereigns, but their ministers, their writers, their philosophers and their business men, all of whom proclaim if they do not believe the same principle, the same idea that might makes right, that the German people must win the 146 world and the German race alone shall survive. And all this is done in the name of Him who taught, "Peace on earth, Good Will to man," who said, "Suffer little children to come unto me and forbid them not, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." Xet us never forget that Germany's ambition is to annex Belgium, hold France as a vassal, destroy England. Let us not forget the threat given by the Kaiser, with a snap of his finger under the nose of the American Ambassador, "Let America be careful, or after this war I'll attend to her." Let us take the warning. We have taken the warning. America has not waited until the war is over. America has accepted fhe challenge and will see to it that there will be no Kaiser when this war is finally closed, for we are preparing the "fiery lake burning with brimstone" and his days will soon be numbered. What a terrible history has Germany ! The wars which she has fought, which she has deliberately provoked ! Let me read to you the Confession of Bismarck : "But I have made many unhappy. But for me three wars would not have been fought and 80,000 men would not have been slain, nor would their parents, brothers, sisters and widows have mourned their death." Believe the horrid atrocities alleged to them? Yes and more. Read from the diaries of their dead soldiers : "Three children had thrown their arms around one another and were dead. Mother with her two children, one gash on head, the other an eye gone" ; and another : "Out of one house came two men with their wives and an 18 year old girl — were bayoneted. The girl made me feel badly. She gave such an innocent look, but nothing could be done against the excited crowd, for at such times they are not men, but beasts." Another from the dairy of a cap- tured soldier : "I did away with four women and seven young girls in five minutes. The Captain told me to shoot them, but I preferred to run my bayonet through them." But why more of this? For fifty years they have been laying the foundation for the conquest of the world. Every branch of their Govern- ment, every avenue of trade, every form of industry and every depart- ment of education have been arming and striving for fifty years to get ready for the awful catastrophe into which the Kaiser has cast the world in order to gratify his and Germany's world ambition, while America has gone along with most other nations, at peace with the world, teaching in public as well as private the doctrine of the Great Nazarene, blind to the fact that such ambitions as I have described could possibly be seriously contemplated by any nation on earth. But, thank God, one nation was not and has not been deceived. France, glorious, matchless France. I predict after this war that a Statue of Liberty will be erected in France as the one nation that stayed the hand of the Hun until other nations could prepare to save the liberty of the world. In 1914 they set forth in the language of the Kaiser "to annihilate General French's contemptible little army," but the spirit of that army knows no annihilation, and, while perhaps today the crisis of the world war is still on, I would rather deny my GJod than to doubt that victory 147 is sure, that the days of the Huns are numbered, that the vengeance of God is near at hand, that God will not hold him guiltless who taketh his name in vain, that the vaunted partnership between the Kaiser and God shall in some signal and unusual way be punished. I know the sacrifice may be fearful. I know that many of our loved ones may fall in defending the cause of humanity and preserving the liberty which many of our forefathers paid to win, but it is better for us to fight over there than here. Our homes will not be destroyed, our wives and our daughters will not be outraged, and, therefore, we must and will bear these sacrifices. Those of us who remain behind will do our utmost, not our bit, to prepare every comfort for our dear boys. If our Government needs more money we will give it, yea to the last dollar we will stand behind our soldiers in this war. Our country was not ready, but, thank God, she is getting ready ! We will now send men and ships and airplanes and food and provisions and ammunitions over there as fast as they are needed and our boys will not come back until it Is over over there. I am proud of our State, of this grand old Common- wealth of Maryland, rich in past traditions, proud of her Revolutionary heroes, of the record of our men at Long Island, Guilford Court House, Eutaw Springs and Camden, proud that a Mary lander amid the shot and shell at Fort McHenry gave our Nation the "Star Spangled Banner." We are prouder today of the fact that our men and women are ready to make any sacrifice for our country's cause and for the cause of human liberty throughout the world. We are Christian people. The lines of the Battle Hymn appeal to us : "In the beauty of the lilies, Christ vi'as born across the sea. With a glory in his bosom. That transfigures you and me. As He died to make men holy, Let us die to make men free." And the call for service today is a personal call. Let us see that our State is doing well, and that each of us is doing his part. May I not illustrate by these verses: "Were German Zepplins in the sky, Above our own home town. You would not think those bombs on high, Were meant for Smith and Brown, You would quick decide, Fritz wants my hide. "Were German Warships off our shore. To speak in thunder tones. You would not think that mighty roar, Was meant for Jinks and Jones, You would say that din. Is for my skin. 148 "Were Gerruau soldiers on our soil, If you beheld the Hun, You would not think that plotted spoil Was Jinks or Robinson, You'd mutter, 'Whee, That Boehe wants me.' "So Uncle Sam sends forth his call, For soldiers, fliers, tars, Don't think he wants the rest at all, To guard Old Glory's stars, But iioller, 'Gee, That call means me ! ' " So let all of us feel and act as we feel, that the call means us, so that when our brave boys who will go and come back from across the way, and most of themi will come back, flushed and bedecked with the laurels of victory, that each of us may be able personally to take pride in their return and feel that we have in part contributed to their victory. God pity the future of any man or woman when that time comes and the finger of scorn can be pointed at them and we can justly say, "he has been a slacker" or "she has been a slacker." When the cause of liberty lay trembling in the balance, like Nero, "they fiddled while Rome was burning." Men and women of Maryland, I have not over painted this picture. We must not underestimate the job before us. England, France, Italy, Belgium, all call to America to come and come quickly or all is lost. And if all with them be lost, America will have to bear the burden of the war and fight for its own existence on our own soil. If you but know the true story of the destruction, devastation and outrages per- petrated by tlie common enemy upon Belgium and France, you will want no war here, but be willing to fight over there with our Allies until the enemy shall be completely crushed. The representatives of the Agricultural College will tell you of our food demands. With less help, we must plant and harvest more crops. And we must deny ourselves even food, for we must feed not only our own soldiers, but our Allies across the seas. We must work, men, women and children, as we have never worked before. And we are going to do it. Maryland will never fail. We will never let our boys suffer for food or clothing. Maryland men and women will never falter and will never fail. I am no pessimist. Out of this awful struggle will come forth a world in which the equality and brotherhood of man will be forever established. If out of the terrible sacrifices of this war the world would not come forth purged, that mankind will not learn a useful lesson and will not live closer and closer to the teachings of the Great Nazarene, the penal- ties and sacrifices paid will indeed be vain. 149 A war picture at Albaugh's Lyceum Theatre represented the Com- mander of the U-boat which sank the Lusitania as having gone insane and imagining he saw women and children dripping with sea weeds everywhere, staring at him while he was at an interview with the Kaiser, and on being taken away by the guards pausing upon the threshold of the Kaiser's quarters and calling back to tiim, "I was ordered to do it by a man who had a withered soul." Not only the Kaiser, but the German Nation, has a withered soul. The God of our fathers has been insulted. Christianity has been challenged and the flag of every Christian or civilized nation that loves freedom and hates autocracy should wave over the fields of France and Belgium, and side by side with our beloved Stars and Stripes, streaming aloft, advance until they float o'er the palace of the Kaiser at Berlin, and such a treaty or league of nations be made that will forever secure the peace of the world. Destined, I believe the American nation to be, under the magnificent leadership of our great President, Woodrow Wilson, to take the lead from now on upon the battlefields until the victory shall crown our arms and such safe and just adjustments of international differences will be made that will forever preclude another world catastrophe. I believe that our Nation will go forward, on and on in the fulfilment of its divine mission, the protector of human rights, the guarantor of human liberty, and the saviour of the world. The words of the great discoverer of our country come to me, when upon an unknown and untried ocean, his ships weakened and sailors rebellious, when his mate wished the order to return, he replied to his mate in these lines : "Behind lay the Gray Azores, Behind the gates of Hercules. Before only the ghost of shores, Before only shoreless seas, The good mate cried, 'Now must we pray, for lo. The very stars are gone. Speak Captain, what must I say?' 'Why say sail on and on and on.' " Such must be our motto "on and on and on" towards the goal for which God has destined the American Nation. Will Maryland falter? She never has. She never will. With the help of God, I shall try to do my part. The proudest honor which I aspire to ever claim is, that after this war is over and victory has come and peace has been restored, my people may say of me, that as Governor during this world war in the cause of humanity, I failed not in my part in helping Maryland to live up to its proudest traditions and to keep in the very forefront of the States of the Union in this greatest crisis of our Country's history. The State that gave to the world the "Star Spangled Banner," our National Anthem, can do no less. Our National Anthem 150 and our State Anthem will forever live because they were born from the very heartburns of war itself. That flag which floated above Fort McHenry in the dawn's early light on the morn of September 12th, 1814, is as dear to us today as it ever was, and no people more than the people of this State, can with greater feeling of pride and enthusiasm endorse the language of a distinguished writer, in his tribute to our flag in these lines, when lie said : "Look upon our flag. With its stripes of white and scarlet, With folds of blue with its stars of azure, May loving eyes always greet it, May willing footsteps always follow it. May strong hands ever defend it, And dying lips ever give it their blessing. Ours by inheritance, ours by adoption, ours by affection. Long may it wave, in the open winds of Heaven, the eternal emblem of liberty, and the hope of the world." Congress, the representatives of the people, has declared war with Germany and the President calls upon you and upon me. I look into your face and I send back the word to the President, our Commander-in-Chief in this war, that he need have no fear for Maryland, My Maryland. We will dedicate ourselves, our means and our manhood, unto this holy cause. Governor Harrington's Addresses in the Counties In the spring of 1917, Governor Emerson C. Harrington made a tour of all the counties to arouse the interest and patriotism of the people. The following account of his visit to Harford county was written by Mrs. Otho S. Lee and it is typical of other visits and meetings : On Saturday, May 26th, 1917, citizens of Harford County assembled in the Belair Armory at 11 A. M. to greet Governor Emerson C. Har- rington, Professors Thomas B. Symons and Charles S. Richardson, of the State College of Agriculture, who were making a tour of the State In the interest of Preparedness, Military and Agricultural. The Governor and his party arrived in automobiles and were met at the Court House by the recently appointed members of the Harford County Preparedness and Survey Commission : — Messrs. Thomas H. Robinson, Stevenson A. Williams. Walter R. McComas, John D. Worth- Ington, John A. Robinson, Mrs. Otho S. Lee, Mrs. R. Harry Webster, Mrs. S. W. Bradford, Mrs. Grace R. McAllister, Mrs. Howard S. O'Neill, and Mr. T. C. McLaughlin, County Agricultural Agent. From the Court House, the Governor was escorted to the Armory by. the Boy Scouts of Bel Air under the direction of their Master, Rev. A. Burtis Hallock. It is estimated that between one and two thousand patriotic citizens and public school children greeted the Governor on the street 151 and in the armory and he expressed his gratification at the enthusiasde demonstration of the fact that Harford County was keenly alive to its duty in the war crisis. Mr. Thomas H. Robinson, Chairman of the Commission, presided over the meeting. His remarks were laudatory of Harford's patriotism and of the efforts of its citizens already displayed in making preparation for the war. A large number of the public school children of the county, who were in Belair for their annual Athletic Meet, were massed in the Armory and added much to the inspiration of the meeting by singing patriotic songs under the direction of Miss G. Ethel McNutt of the Faculty of the Belair High School. An interesting feature was the presentation of a handsome American Flag to the Boy Scouts by Mrs. Herman Stump in memory of her late husband, Colonel Herman Stump. Governor Harrington's address was a stirring appeal to the patriotism of Harford County's citizens, particularly her young men. He said in part: "The war we are engaged in is a holy war. America draws the sword for the protection of Humanity and for the up-holding of liberty and equality. We have been drawn into this world's conflict against our will, and while I have felt the President might have taken action sooner, I am with him with all my heart in this fight for human rights. "Two vastly important subjects are before us— one is the raising of an army and the other is providing food for the nation and the allied nations. If the Legislature of Maryland stands by me, it will mean that we work not one or two or three days but that we shall work six days a week. ... I want to warn the people of Harford County that this is no passive war. It is a desperate conflict, as we may see by the great destruction of shipping. Any man who does not fight or work in this emergency is a traitor to Ins country." The Governor pointed out the need of swift recruiting for the National Guard and urged Harford County to do its full share. In speaking of the approaching Registration Day, June 5th, 1917, in compliance with the National order, the Governor pointed out that the Selective Draft was strongly democratic in principle, inasmuch as it puts the men of means on the same plane as those less fortunate, and urged the complete fulfillment in Harford of the day's requirements. He told of the proposed Work Law to be authorized by War Session of the Maryland Legislature, stating that every able-bodied man in the country must do his quota of work and must do it six days a week. "You must have no slackers or loafers. You have already placed scores of men in position to perform valuable military service for our country and I hope the Honor Roll will continue to be increased." The Governor and his party were entertained at luncheon at the Kenmore Inn by the Preparedness Commission. The stimulus of this personal appeal and the strong addresses of Messrs. Symons and Richardson in the interest of agricultural preparedness were productive of determined response and co-operation on the part of the citizens. It was the initial step in the effort to awaken the entire county to the duty of each man, woman and child. 152 From that meeting leading citizens returned to their own communities' to arouse their neighbors to loyal supiwrt of their county and state. The strategic effect of this tour of the State by its chief executive was two-fold. Unforunately there were those whose measure of duty in the war situation was limited to defense of America in case of in- vasion, others viewed the proposed registration for the Selective Draft with distrust and disfavor, still others were stoical in the demand for increased food production for the benefit of the Allied nations. With determined zeal the Governor eradicated these false attitudes toward the measures advocated by the National Administration before they had had time to become firmly rooted, or if not entirely eradicated, stamped them as unbecoming an American citizen and Marylander. The other beneficent effect was the simultaneous awakening of the citizens to render individual as well as united service for the State and Nation and to make immediate preparation toward that eflScient service. Appendix F Report of Chairman for 1917 '■ To the Honorable Emerson C. Harrington, Governor of Maryland : Sir — We beg to submit the following, the first report of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense, covering the period of its existence from July 11, to December 31, 1917. The General Assembly of Maryland, in extraordinary session in June, 1917, called by the Governor for the consideration of measures made necessary by the war, enacted Chapter 24, entitled an Act creating and providing for the Maryland Council of Defense, and prescribing its powers and duties, placing its membership at not more than fifty and limiting its term of ofl5ce to the duration of the present war and for such period of time thereafter as the Governor may deem necessary for the welfare of the State. The General Assembly placed the main work in the hands of an Executive Committee of five members, to which were added the Comptroller of the Treasury and the State Treasurer when the disbursements of moneys of this State was involved. This Executive Committee has worked as a body of seven members, requiring a quorum of four, and at most of its meetings have been present the Governor, the Attorney-General and the Adjutant-General, who, while they had no vote, took active part in the proceedings. There have been general meetings of all the members of the Council from time to time, at which reports have been made of the proceedings of the Executive Committee, which have been duly approved by them. The General Assembly in the same extraordinary session, in June, IS17, enacted Chapter 3, authorizing the creation of a State debt of $1,000,000 for the defense of the State in the present war, to be used by the Executive Committee by and with the sanction and approval of 153 the Governor. The purposes of the debt thus authorized were stated in 14 paragraphs of the Act. These purposes has been developed by the Preparedness and Survey Commission appointed by the Governor in February, 1917, which Commission also suggested the legislation which created the Maryland Council of Defense. Its members, with some additions, became the members of the Maryland Council of Defense so there has been continuity of the war work of the State since February. The Executive C\)mmittee of the Maryland Council of Defense has. therefore, to report, first, an account of its expenditures to December 31, IviL, '^^^ ™°°^^ expended was realized from the sale of $500,000 of the' fl,000,000 of the certificates of indebtedness, appropriated by the General Assembly in extraordinary session in June, 1917, which were sold at par, dated the 15th day of August, 1917, bearing interest at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, principal payable on tile 15th day of August, 1918. Organization The Council held its first meeting July 11, 1917, and elected officers and the Executive Committee of five : ■ Gen. Carl R. Gray. ' Gen. Francis E. Waters. Mr. Frank A. Furst. Mr. Stevenson A. Williams. I Judge Hammond Urner. Hon, Hugh A. McMullen, State Comptroller. Hon. John M. Dennis. State Treasurer. At a subsequent meeting, held on the same day, the Executive Com- mittee organized, with Gen. Carl R. Gray, chairman. At a later meeting Gen. Francis E. Waters was elected vice-chairman. There have been no changes in the membership of this committee, but by reason of a high call from his country, General Gray was obliged to resign the position of chairman, and Gen. Francis E. Waters was appointed by Governor Harrington to succeed him. Mr. Frank A. Furst was elected vice- chairman. The members of the committee serve without pay, and the members who reside outside of Baltimore city declined to accept their traveling expenses. On July 18, 1917, Lynn R. Meekins was elected Secretary and on August 7, William O. Peirson was elected Treasurer, Camp Meade At the first meeting of the Council, the State was already engaged in clearing the site of Camp Meade to provide the site of a great military city of over 40,000. In enacting the law appropriating $1,000,000 for emergency purposes, the Legislature provided that the expenses at Camp Meade in coniaection with this work should be paid from this fund, and tne amount paid over to the Board of Public Works by this committee from 154 this fund for this purpose has aggregated $179,475.06, which does not include the cost of two tractors used in connection with this work, the cost of which was $2,322.40. On September 13, the Governor, with members of the Executive Com- mittee, had a conference with the Secretary of War, resulting in an understanding that the State should discontinue its work in clearing the site at Camp Meade, which understanding was within a few days there- after put into effect. The State Department of Health urged the immediate necessity of surrounding the camp with proper measures of sanitation and hygiene, and on application of this department and the approval of the Council's Committee on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation, the Executive Commit- tee on July 11 voted $922 for the purchase of two Ford cars and $4,000 for salaries and expenses for the work of health inspectors in the neighborhood of the camp. On September 7, the Executive Committee, on application of the State Department of Health and the approval of its committee, voted $3,333.33 for an extra inspector and expenses for one year. It also authorized the employment of three trained nurses at a salary of $75 per month each, in case of an emergency, but this need has not arisen. On September 25, in response to the representation of the State Department of Health, the Executive Committee authorized the con- struction of a supplementary chlorination plant at the House of Correc- tion for the protection of the water supply of Camp Meade at a cost of $1,200. To further protect the water supply of Camp Meade, it became neces- sary for the Executive Committee to extend aid to the State Board of Prison Control. The water supply and the sewage plant were under construction for the use of the House of Correction, and the sewage was flowing into a stream from which Camp Meade was taking its water supply. The State Board of Prison Control stated that it had exhausted its funds for completing the sewage plant and water supply. The Executive Committee on representations of need and urgency made an appropriation of $2,871 for the completion of the sewage plant and its operation to October 1, 1918, and later added $500 for increased cost due to the severe winter conditions. It was also represented that the State would lose heavily if the incomplete work on the water supply plant of the House of Correction was not protected and an appropriation was made of $2,300 conditional on the approval of the Attorney-General, which was afterwards received. For public order in the zone of the camp, the Governor was authorized to appoint a Chief of Police at a salary of $100 per month and expenses, and to provide him with a Ford car, and also to appoint, should emer- gency require, two extra ofl5eers at a salary of $18 per week each. The extra officers have not been appointed. The placing of a new military city of 40,000 within 20 miles of Balti- more raised many problems which the Executive Committee considered 155 with very unusual care. At first it was not clear how far the (govern- ment wished State action to go in social and moral matters connected with cantonments. From the first the Executive Committee had the aid of an exceptional and capable committee on camp activities, a committee that was representative of churches and organizations of the city and State. Many conferences were held, the purpose being to develop a policy in line with the plans of the Council of National Defense, and thus far the following appropriations have been made : $100 a month for office expenses of the Maryland War Recreation Commission, $166.66 per month for the operation of an information bureau at the W. B. & A. Railway station in Baltimore and $100 for printing. Also $3,300 to cover an experimental period of six months to aid in the prevention of immorality in the camp zone, to be expended under the direction of the Maryland War Recreation Commission in conjunction with the Executive Committee of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense. The work is undertaken upon the approval of the Council of National Defense and is in line with the work being done in the more progressive States of the country. Also $135 per month for three months for the running expenses of tlie armory at Annapolis, which is being used, in charge of local committee, as a rest house for soldiers and sailors stationed at or visiting that city. The chairman of this committee reports that 500 soldiers and sailors were entertained there on Christmas Day. Work in connection with camps is being developed under national direction and with State co-operation, and Maryland will be called upon to do much more of it. Thus it is seen that Camp Meade and its problems have taken upwards of $200,000 of the $500,000 expended by the Executive Committee. More will be required. Military On the statement of the Adjutant-General that it was the intention of the National Government to draft the National Guard of Maryland into Federal service on or before July 25, the Maryland Council of Defense at its first meeting, July 11, voted "that it was the consensus of opinion of the Council that a State Guard commensurate with the importance of the interest to be protected should be created," and referred the matter to the Executive Committee. At a meeting on July 17, the Executive Committee voted, "Resolved, That the sentiment of the com- mittee is. It stands ready to appropriate money for a State Guard, not exceeding SOO men, and that it should be organized at once." The Adjutant-General's plan was one regiment of about 12 companies. In securing men and materials, the Federal Government had the right of way, and so the organization of the State Guard in Maryland, as in other States, was slow, but the work has gone on constantly, and at the end of 1017 there were five companies in Baltimore, one in Hagerstown and one at Frederick, with one at Hyattsville almost ready 156 to be mustered in, and prospective companies in Salisbury, Cumberland and Belair. The total cost is estimated by the Adjutant-General at $130,000, of which $41,688.07 has been paid to date from the treasury of the Council. In this regiment is a machine-gun company organized out of the Motor Arms Company, about 60 men, fully equipped, who can go to any part of the State very swiftly. Armories The State Armory Commission reported that the increase in the cost of construction had halted the completion of the State armories at Cambridge, Hyattsville and Westminster, and that $15,000 each, or $45,000 in all, would be required. The need of the armories for the defense of the State was pressed, and the Executive Committee on July 17 voted $45,000 of its funds and later turned that sum over to the Armory Commission. The Cunnberland Site In the first days of the Council no matter was more strongly urged than the proposition to purchase a site for an armory In Cumberland. Applications and letters were followed by a large and representative delegation from Allegany county, who presented the claims of Maryland's second city and urged that an armory was necessary for the organization of State troops in that important gateway to the mines. Immediate action was asked on the ground that the site most desirable could be had at the time at a price that would save money to the State. On July 24 the committee placed the purchase of a site in the hands of the Governor, the Attorney-General, the Brigade Commander, the Captain of the Cumberland Company and a leading citizen of Cumberland, and set aside $15,000, of which $14,952.25 was finally used in the purchase of the property. Guarding Water- Works At its first meeting, the Executive Committee appropriated $38,266.84 to the Adjutant-General for the service of the National Guard from March 31, to July 3, inclusive, in guarding lines of transportation and water-works of Baltimore city, and on September 18, the committee appropriated $11,625.30 to the Adjutant-General for expenses in connec- tion with guarding the water-works of Baltimore city for the period of July 10 to September 15. Hospital Train A part of the State's military equipment is a hospital train, which had its origin in the offer fo the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore & Ohio and the Western Maryland railroads to contribute the use of coaches to be con- verted into hospital use. The result was the first train of its kind in America, and a very unusual outfit. The cost to the State so far is about 157 $10,250. Until December, the salary of $75 per month for the services of a trained nurse for this train was paid for by the contributions from the employes of the Western Maryland Railway. Since then the Execu- tive Committee has paid the salary. The status of the train In the changed conditions of the i-ailroads has not been definitely fixed, but it is under the orders of the chairman of the Executive Committee, who has appointed a surgeon in charge. The Western Maryland Railway has not made any charge for the use of its tracks for the train, which is at Hillen Station. So far, therefore, the expenditures of the Executive Committee for all military purposes aggregate about $160,000, and there will be neces- sary from $90,000 to $100,000 for further equipment of the State Guard, not including maintenance or expenses in case the Guard or any part of it should be ordered out. Military Enrollment Maryland was one of three States — New York and Connecticut being the other two — that made a military enrollment of men from 18 to 45 years of age, inclusive, in the first months of the war. In Maryland the work of this census taking was done under boards appointed by the Governor and was free. The offices in Baltimore were given without rent, and for weeks the oSice forces were individual volunteers and clerks loaned by large business concerns. When the Maryland Council of Defense was organized, the work to be done was the tabulation of the returns, and at the meeting of July 11, 1917, an appropriation was made to pay the current expenses in connection with the tabulation. From tliat time the Executive Committee has made appropriations for this census, gradually reducing the employees as the work proceeded. As completed the census represents the returns from Baltimore city and 18 counties. Several calls showed the value of these records. When the British recruiting ofl3cers came to Maryland they secured from the military enrollment a complete list of British-born men of 18 of the counties of Maryland. When the Attorney -General called upon the Police Department of Baltimore to secure a list of the enemy aliens, 7,000 names were supplied from these records. When the Postmaster of Baltimore was asked to secure the names of enemy aliens in the small towns of Maryland, the military census was offered to him. In an official publication. New York placed the value of its census at $250,000. The total appropriations for the Maryland census have been less than $10,000. The counties from which no returns have been received are Cecil, Montgomery, Somerset and St. Mary's. Agriculture At the first meeting of the Executive Committee on July 11, the State Board of Agriculture was authorized to enter upon contracts not to exceed $25,000 annually to cover employment of assistant county agents, women agents, clerks and equipment, control of insect pests, plant 158 diseases, etc. The agricultural program was extended to include the purchase and operation of four tractors, the sale and distribution of seed wheat for testing, the aid of bee industry and the investigation of milk costs. Of the $25,000, the sum of $22,505 at different times was appropriated to the State Board of Agriculture, and some of this will be returned by the farmers to whom seed wheat was sold. In the hands of the State Board of Agriculture were also placed the various efforts to handle labor for farms and canneries. The amount appropriated for this purpose in various sums, including that for the farm army, was $9,578.87. The work in agriculture was greatly aided by the cordial and enthusiastic co-operation of the county agents. In November, the Secretary of Agriculture called a conference of the Middle Atlantic States in Washington, and asked that they increase their wheat production at least 10 per cent. Maryland was able to report that the plans for the increase had already been made, and that it would be at least 15 per cent. The total appropriated for agriculture and for labor by the Executive Committee was $32,073.87. Prison Farm Under the Act of the General Assembly passed in the extraordinary session of June, 1917, the State Board of Prison Control, with the ap- proval of the Governor, arranged for the purchase of two farms, one of 530.53 acres, known as the Gardner Farm, and one of 26.4 acres, known as the Masson Farm, for the use of the Maryland House of Correction. This property was inspected by a committee of the Executive Commit- tee, and the purchase was recommended. The Executive Committee then made the appropriation of $57,000, and the property was purchased^ Compulsory Work Bureau The General Assembly of June, 1917, passed the act providing for the assignment of able-bodied male persons, between the ages of 18 and 50, inclusive, not regularly and continuously employed, to work in occu- pations carried on by the State, the counties or the City of Baltimore,. or by private employers. This was known as the Compulsory Labor Law, and it was the first act of its kind in America. The cost of putting the act in operation was assigned by the Governor and the Attorney- General to the Council of Defense, and a budget was adopted, which provided for a director at $2,500 a year, four field men at $900 each, with the expenses limited to $1,200 each per year, stenographer at $900, and office expenses of $74. The expenses of tlie Bureau have amounted to several hundred dollars not included in this budget, so its operation calls for an expense of a little over $1,000 per month. This law has been effective in reducing loafing and vagrancy, and in increasing the number of men at work. There has been a demand from all parts of America for copies of the act, and it is serving as a model for legislation in other States, while a bill modeled on its lines is also before Coiipriess,. 159 Educational Work From tlie first, the Maryland Couucil of Defense has emphasized tfas importance of educating the public to a full realization of the meaning of the war. At the Speakers' Training Camp held at Chautauqua in the first part of July, the Maryland Council was represented, and shortly afterwards there was formed, in line with the national organization, the Speakers' Bureau, the name being changed to the Educational Commit- tee. This committee has provided speakers for many meetings, and has ^distributed much literature. It prepared a pamphlet entitled "What -Are We Fighting About?" of which 40,000 copies have been printed, : and of which many more thousands will be distributed in 1918. When 5 the Liberty Loan campaign came along, this committee took charge of Liberty Loan Sunday, and gave its whole organization to the Liberty Loan work. Until January, the Educational Committee had a budget ' covering stenographer and expenses up to $107 a month, with an appro- • priation for speakers of $500. On December 31, the work of the com- mittee was broadened, and it was given an appropriation of $366.G7 per ?jiionth for three months for expenses and literature. Commercial Economy The Executive Committee co-operated with the Commercial Economy 'Board of the National Council in the campaign against the wasteful practice of accepting the return of unsold bread. General co-operation was secured in Baltimore with the exception of three cases, which were reported to the Commercial Economy Board of the National Council. By request of the Commerical Economy Board of the National Council, the Executive Committee appointed a special committee to handle the movement for curtailing the delivery service of stores. This resulted in various economies, including the reduction of deliveries and new regu- lations concerning non-returnable articles, returned goods and sales tickets. The total economy meant the service of many men and vehicles and the saving of money. The merchants of Baltimore, with one ex- ception, co-operated. Shortly before Christmas the movement was threat- ened with failure, but the Executive Committee secured the presence of a representative of the National Council, and at a meeting attended by representative merchants, the movement was saved. Since that time this work has gone on, and it is now planned to reduce the deliveries to one a day. The Maryland Council was represented at an all-day conference on this subject in Washington. On request of the National Council, the Executive Committee took up this matter also in the other cities of the State. In the nation-wide campaign to prevent waste by fire, the work of Maryland was assigned to an able committee, who named experts to visit factories and other buildings. These representatives bore creden- tial letters signed by the Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense. There were nearly 100 of them, and their services given free resulted ; in the reduction of fires, and the protection of property. 160 The Woman's Section /On April 10, 1917, the Governor appointed the Woman's Preparedness and Survey Commission, composed of 26 women, to be a State Com- .mission, and on May 3, 1917, appointed five vi'omen in each county as a county commission. After the creation of the Maryland Council of Defense this commission became the Women's Section — Maryland Coun- cil of Defense, and also the Maryland Division of the Women's Com- mittee of the Council of National Defense. The Women's Section applied to the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense for funds. The result of conferences was the financing of the Women's Section by current payments, with the exception of the county commissions, to which an appropriation of $15,000 was made. The first appropriation for the Women's Section ,was $2,495.31 to pay $1,918.13 underwritten, and $510.18 for bills due for expenses. Special appropriations were made to the following com- mittees : Women in Industry, $300 a month for two months ; Food Production Committee, $400 a month for two months, and $200 for one month for the Committee on Co-ordination and Volunteer Service. These appropriations were renewed, and other appropriations were made for definite committee work of the section. To the section was given a budget aggregating about $225 per month, not including rent, which was $350 for six months. The county commissions of the Women's Section had old accounts, which were settled up to August 1, the total being $2,300. The appro- priation of $15,000 to cover one year's expenses of the county commis- sions was apportioned by the Executive Committee of the Women's Section, and approved by the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council. The Women's Section, including the county commissions, has received from the Executive Committee about $10,000, with about $9,000 remaining of the $15,000 appropriation for the county commissions. The work of the Women's Section has been notably efficient. The details of it have been presented to your Excellency in a separate report. The Colored Division On August 10, the Governor appointed the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense. It was organized after the manner of the Maryland Council, with 50 members, and with county commissions of five. Later the Governor appointed a Women's Section of the Colored Division, the organization being along the lines of the Division. Both the Colored Division and the Women's Section of the Division are financed by the Executive Committee, their expenditures to date being Tess than $1,000. The colored citizens have shown fine interest and enthusiasm. They have held large meetings. They have done excellent service in combating enemy propaganda and in stirring their people to an appreciation of the war. They have also co-operated with the 161 Executive Committee in defeating questionable schemes in soliciting war funds. Tbe Colored Division has carried its activities to all parts of the State, and has held a State conference with very satisfactory results. This conference was addressed by the Governor of the State. Fisheries Under paragraph L, "For the purpose of constructing and estab- lishing fish hatcheries, as an aid to the conservation and production of sea food," in the act stating the purposes of the loan of a million dollars, the Executive Committee appropriated to the Maryland Conservation Commission, the sum of $5,000 for hatcheries in Frederick county and on the Choptank River. Milk-Cost Survey Alarming reports came to the Executive Committee that owing to the high cost of feed and the scarcity of labor, the dairymen of the State w-ere preparing to slaughter their herds. The committee handled the matter through a series of appeals to dairymen direct, and also through the newspapers and pulpits. On November 20, a special letter was sent to the dairymen of Maryland stating, "in order to expedite a solution in Maryland, the council has asked Dr. A. F. Woods, President of the Maryland State College of Agriculture, to undertake immediately an investigation, and report upon the question of cost of producing milk in Maryland." This survey was made for the week of November 26, to December 2, and the report was handed to the Maryland Council on the 17th of December. By request of the Federal authorities, the pub- lication of the report was delayed until January 3. The Maryland report and the Federal report were strikingly similar in results. A spirited controversy followed the publication of the Maryland report, but this was over its findings and not because the work had not been faith- fully done. The Executive Committee took no part in the controversy over prices. Its duty was concluded when it secured the investigation and placed the results before the public. Over 2,000 copies of the Mary- land Milk-Cost Survey, making a volume of 42 pages, were distributed, and the widest publicity was given in the newspapers. Publicity Hundreds of c-olumns telling of the work of the Maryland Council of Defense and its various activities have been printed. Maryland had the first hospital train. It was the first to handle farm labor under war conditions. Its Compulsory Work Law was the first of its kind. Maryland was the first State to buy tractors and to do plowing for farmers. Of this the New York Stm said : "In Maryland, the State Council of Defense, to insure an increase in wheat acreage, is the first organization to offer farmers not only advice, but real help, having purchased four tractors, to be used in preparing land for plowing, har- vesting and so on." The same newspaper urged that New York should 162 follow Maryland's example, aud should Lave 100 State-owned tractors as a start on this same plan in the spring. These and other pioneer acts of the Maryland Council gave the State much prominence in the press of the country. In reply to requests, the Maryland Bulletin, con- taining the laws creating the Maryland Council and legislation relating to its work, was sent to every State in the Union, and the Council of National Defense and other organizations in Washington have distributed hundreds of copies of it. In this way, Maryland has been presented as a model for other States. Inquiries about the Compulsory Work Law come from all parts of America and from foreign countries. The Executive Committee published the Maryland Bulletin with an edition of 5,000 copies. The second issue, with reports of the work of the Council and its sections to December 31, will be issued soon. Special letters, to the number of several thousands, were sent to ministers, farmers, dairymen and others in the campaign on the milk question. By special request of the National Council, the Maryland Council sent to all Maryland newspapers a series of articles on the war and other matters. The correspondence of the office has been heavy. The Executive Committee cordially acknowledges the patriotic interest and the able co-operation of the Maryland newspapers and of the people of the State generally. Administration The Maryland Council of Defense organized in a general meeting July 11, 1917. On the same day, the Executive Committee met and began work. The Executive Committee had a schedule of weekly meet- ings throughout the year. These meetings usually lasted from two to four hours. Delegations or persons who desired to be heard on any matter connected with the war, or the defense of the State, were received. Reports of the meetings, including the appropriations, were supplied to the newspapers. The policy of the Committee was full publicity. In addition to the regular meetings, the members attended special meet- ings of committees and other meetings having war problems under consideration. Throughout all this period there were daily conferences of one kind or another. The office of the Executive Committee, No. 703 Union Trust Building, has been open daily from 9 to 5 o'clock, or later. The committee has rendered continuous service. On October 16, a general meeting of the council, held in Baltimore, received a full report of the Executive Committee's work and approved it by unanimous vote. On December 17, a third general meeting was an all-day conference of the members of the council and the members of the county commissions, the attendance being 100. This meeting ap- proved the work of the Executive Committee by unanimous vote. The Governor was present throughout the day, and tliis meeting was excep* tionally interesting and successful. In administration, the Executive Committee has confined expenditures to three salaries ; for Secretary, Treasurer and Clerk, and to necessary 163 office expenses, the total, including salaries, postage and rent of offices, being less than $100 per week. The expenditures for meetings and expenses of the members have been less than $400 for all purposes, including the three general meetings to December 31, 1917. This ex- tremely low cost has been due to the co-operation of the members, and to the courtesy of the Merchants' Club in giving the use of rooms to the council, the only charge being for the modest luncheon. There has been no charge to the committee for the 20 meetings held in the rooms of the President of the Union Trust Co., or for the speakers' meeting held at the Emerson Hotel. Expenditures of the Council's funds have been by voucher checks containing particulars of such expenditures and requiring the signatures of three persons, the Chairman or Vice-Chairman, the Treasurer and the Secretary. A rule adopted by the committee was that "no expendi- tures be entered into or made without the previous consent and direction of the Executive Committee." Expenditures are backed both by the voucher checks and by original bills of authority. By request of the committee, the State Auditor made a minute examination of the com- mittee's accounts to December 31, 1917. The Executive Committee has 16 committees and four sub-committees, Co'operation with the National Council The first object of the act creating the Maryland Council of Defense is "to co-operate with and assist the Council of National Defense in the execution of duties prescribed by the Act of Congress." To this the Executive Committee has given its constant and unremitting attention. Your former Chairman and your present Chairman visited Washington and held conferences with the officers of the National Council, and kept in personal touch with all phases of the work. The main work of the Secretary and his assistants has been in carrying out the requests from Washington in the various matters undertaken. All this represents a very wide program, with much detail. At the general meeting of the Maryland Council in December, Hon. George F. Porter, of the National Council said: "It was very fitting that Maryland, the meeting place between the North and the South, should have been one of the two or three first States to establish its commission, which has grown into the Maryland Council of Defense. You did not wait until the request came from Washington after the declaration of war. The Mayrland Council, which has grown into this large organization, was established on Febru- ary 21. Your i)Iaus were under way, and your work was strongly under way before the request went out from Washington on April 9 to every State for the establishment of State councils of defense to co-operate with the National Council in the prosecution of the war. Your valuable work is very well known there. In food, in the development of plant and of agricultural work and what you did with tractors is well known in Washington. Your work with labor, your splendid Compulsory Work Law has been adopted by a number of other States, and is being put into 1G4 effect through your original efforts throughout the country, and will grow as it deserves to grow. We know of all of this work that you have done, and we appreciate it deeply." The Maryland Council has been called upon for many services by the Council of National Defense, and it has also responded to the call of other Governmental and patriotic organizations. It aided in recruiting, especially for the air service. It distributed 25,000 copies of the petition against enemy propaganda. It projected a campaign regarding the soliciting of money for war purposes, and caused the abandonment of questionable schemes. It has taken a forward position in the handling of labor and employment in close alliance with the Council of National Defense and the Department of Labor. It has promptly acted in the 78 oflBcial bulletins that have come to it from the national body. An instance of its work was the escort of the motor-truck convoy through Maryland to tidewater. This convoy of 32 army trucks and 80 men starting from Detroit and making the GOO miles to Baltimore was the first official test of what will be the movement under their own power of thousands of army trucks from the West to the Atlantic sea- board. Orders for 30,000 army trucks have been let, and the number may be increased to 100,000, and it is probable that a majority of these will come to Baltimore. The Government called on the Maryland Coun- cil to aid and welcome the first convoy. The trucks came through the bitter weather in the last week of December, at an average speed of 50 miles a day for the 600 miles. They reached Gettysburg over the Lincoln Highway, and then entered Carroll county to Westminster, where the people, under the direction of a local committee, representing the Maryland Council of Defense, gave the men a fine reception, and hospitably entertained them over night. The convoy left Westminster in the early morning of December 28, and reached Baltimore by noon of that day. Every mile of the way they were escorted by c-ommittees and reresentatives of Carroll and Baltimore counties, and of Baltimore city, acting for the Maryland Council. In Baltimore, thousands welcomed the convoy and visited the trucks parked on the Courthouse Plaza. The men were dined at the City Club, and were the guests of the Council at the Y. M. C. A. from Friday until Sunday, when they left for Detroit. The National Council sent a letter of thanks for "your splendid work." Two results followed. Reports were made on the condition of the Maryland roads by experts, and these were taken up with the Maryland Highway Commission. Second, there was inaugurated a new Govern- ment enterprise, covering many acres near Baltimore, for the storing and handling of trucks for shipment abroad. This means both reputa- tion and profit to Baltimore as the nearest seaport to the West. It has also spread the fame of Maryland's good roads. The Executive Committee and the heads of several of its committees have rendered confidential service of an unusual character to Wash- ington, and in several cases the results have been the location in this State of important Government operations. It is estimated that, not 165 counting Camp Meade, the war will bring into Maryland, mainly to Baltimore and vicinity, 50,000 persons, practically all wage-earners. There never was a time when property in this section was so fully oc- cupied as now. The Maryland Conucil has helped in this work, and its office has become a center of information and has received many and varied inquiries. Recapitulation 1. For Camp Meade there has been expended more than $200,000. 2. Measures have been taken to insure proper health and moral conditions in the camp zone. This includes special police and special health inspectors. 3. On the military, over $160,000 has been spent, including $60,000 for armories and an armory site. 4. A farm of .556.93 acres, costing $.57,000, was purchased for the House of Correction. Other appropriations to the Board of Prison Con- trol amounted to $6,671. 5. In 1917, there was spent nearly $50,000 for guarding bridges and the waterworks of Baltimore City, and $50,000 more has been appropri- ated for 1918. 6. Maryland was one of the three States to have a military enroll- ment of its citizens. The cost of the census in Maryland was less than in other States. 7. There has been spent for agriculture and for farm labor, $32,073.87. 8. For fish hatcheries $5,000 has been appropriated. 9. The Compulsory Work Law was established. 10. Under the committee State-wide campaigns were conducted, including those against waste from unsold bread, curtailing delivery service of stores, securing greater safety from fire, aiding recruiting and other services requested by the Government. 11. The Educational Committee is conducting a State-wide campaign in line with the plans of the National Council for informing the people on the issues, needs and duties of the war. 12. The Executive Committee has appointed two field directors to strengthen the Council's organization throughout the State, and stimulate the work of all war agencies. Maryland initiated this plan, and it has been adopted by the National Council. 13. Under the committee there was a milk-cost survey, the first made in Maryland. 14. The committee has promptly acted in the 78 official bulletins from the Council of National Defense. 15. There are three allied organizations financed by the Executive C'ommittee. The Women's Section is probably the most efficient body of its kind in America. The Colored Division is regarded as one of the best of all the organizations of that race connected with the war. Under the Colored Divison is a Women's Section, also completely or- ganized and drawing its supix)rt from the Maryland Council. 166 16. Maryland was first to provide a hospital train. 17. Maryland was first to handle labor problems of canneries and farms and to purchase tractors to help the farmers. It also purchased seed wheat for testing, and sold it to farmers at cost on credit. 18. The law creating the Maryland Council of Defense has been used as a model by other States. 19. The Executive Committee performed confidential services that aided in the location of important enterprises in Maryland. 20. More than 40,000 pieces of mail, letters, announcements and coun- women, active in public life, to be a State Commission, and on May 3, 1917, appointed five women in each county as a County Commission. On June 27th, the General Assembly of Maryland, created the Maryland Council of Defense and the Women's Preparedness and Survey Commis- sion became the Women's Section — Maryland Council of Defense, with Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, as Chairman. On June 21, 1917, this body became the Maryland Division of the Women's Committee of the Council of Naitonal Defense, of which Dr, Anna Howard Shaw is Chairman. The Objects The objects for which the Council was created are: (1) To consider all problems relating to women and tJieir work which may arise during the war. (2) To co-ordinate the work and develop the resources of the women of Maryland in order to secure the highest efficiency for war work. (3) To ascertain and report the patriotic work now being done by women and women's organizations. (4) To furnish a direct and speedy channel between the various depart- ments of the Federal Governments and the women of Maryland. The Council is a clearing-house for all organizations and for the work of all individuals throughout the State. All organizations and individuals desiring to participate in patriotic work are requested to affiliate with the Section or Sections of the Council to which their past efforts and experience enables them to give the most efficient service. 168 Organization (a) Tlie State Cbairman shall appoint a Cliairman for each Section of the work. (b) The Section Chairman shall appoint a Committee of not less than five or more than seven members, whose duty it shall be to plan, direct, promote and develop the work of the entire State. (c) Plans for State-wide work are sent from the Section Chairmen to the County Chairmen, who in turn, with the members of the County Commission, pass upon the plans, and if found feasible for their County, the Section Chairmen in the counties direct, promote and develop the work assigned to them, and with the aid of District Leaders, of which there is one, if possible, for each election district, report results to the County Chairmen. The Advisory Board of the Council, which is composed of the heads of all State-wide organizations and branches of national organizations in Maryland, meets with the State Commission three times a year, in November, when outlines of the work contemplated by the various organizations are submitted ; in February, when reports are made of the progress of the work undertaken, and in May, when results are reported. The plan of organization in the counties is as follows: (1) The Chairman of the County Commission shall appoint for each Section of the work, a chairman, who is a member of the Commission. When necessary the same chairman may be appointed for several Sections of the work. (2) Each Section Chairman shall appoint a Committee of not less than five or more than seven members to organize, promote and develop the work of that Section. (3) The County shall be divided into election districts and a District Leader and Committee of four be placed in charge of all work in the district, this Committee being given the right of appointing sub-com- mittees whenever necessary. The plan of organization for Baltimore City differs somewhat from that followed in the counties. The city is organized under the direction of a City Organizer and 24 Ward Chairmen. Each ward is sub- divided according to population into Enumeration Districts, and these in turn into City Blocks, over each of which a woman leader will be appointed. These women will be expected to stand ready to respond whenever an emergency call shall come to the Council from Federal or State Governments, and it is hoped to perfect the system so that when a hurry call is sent out from Washington Headquarters to the women of the country for any special service, the State Chairman of the Women's Section — Maryland Council of Defense will only have to press the button to set the machinery in motion that shall reach every home in Baltimore. The heads of the larger city organizations will constitute an Advisory Board to be summoned at call of the State Chairman or the City Organizer whenever they are needed. 169 The advantag?es of the plan of organization are as follows: 1. No organization will lose its identity. 2. Existing machinery will be utilized and centralized. 3. Duplication will be largely prevented and individual effect made more far-reaching. 4. Women will work in their self-selected groups, along lines of their chosen activities. 5. No work will be interrupted. 6. Registration will be carefully classified and a distinction made between professional or trained service, amateur or untrained service. 7. Expert Government information and advice will be available for local conditions and needs. 8. Economy will follow better co-ordination and direct distribution to all divisions of authoritative standards and methods. 9. The headquarters of the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense at Washington, D. C, will serve as a clearing- house for women's activities throughout the country, and be the agent to transmit promptly any demands of the Government which may be sent to women or women's organizations. 10. Each community will be free to work out the details according to its own needs, following the general plan as outlined. The State Headquarters are at 51S N. Charles St. in Baltimore City. Here the Executive Board of the State Commission meets once a week to discuss, formulate and decide all questions of general importance to the Council. On the first Thursday of each month a meeting of the State Com- mission and the County Chairman is held at which reports from all the counties are presented by the County Chairmen. Every three months the members of the County Commissions attend this meeting with their Chairmen. The State Commission meets at 2 P. M. on the third Thursday of each month at which time Section Chairmen of State Committees report. Reports of the work accomplished by the women of Maryland, so far as can be ascertained, are submitted by the State Chairman to the Governor of Maryland and to the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense at Washington twice a year. Plan of Work I. Registration. II. Social and Weo'are Department. Section 1. Relief of Families of Soldiers and Sailors. Section 2. Comforts of Soldiers and Sailors. III. Thrift Department. Section 1. Food Production. Section 2. Home Economics and Food Conservation. 170 IV. EIducationax, Department. Section 1. Patriotic Education. Section 2. Americanization. Section 3. Preparation for Employment. V. Employment Department. Section 1. Women in Industry. VI. Medical and Nursing Department. Section 1. Nurses' Service. Section 2. Garments and Surgical Dressings. VII. Volunteer Service. Section 1. Co-ordination and Volunteer Service. Section 2. Emergency (a) Motor Messenger Service. VIII. Vigilance. Section 1. Child Welfare. Section 2. Recreation at Mobilization Centers. IX. Work of Colored Women. X. Liberty Loan. XI. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies. Registration This Committee will carry out the plans of the Woman's Committee — Council of Defense to record in definite form the training, capacity and willingness to serve of the women of the State. The registration will include both trained and untrained service. Relief of Families of Soldiers and Sailors The work of this Committee, which is carried on by the Civilian Relief Department of the Red Cross (now known as the Home Service De- partment), is to take care of the families of soldiers and sailors needing assistance. The plan is to care for the families not only in a financial way, but to be of friendly service and use in whatever emergency may arise in a soldier or sailor's family. Medical, legal and other profes- sional aid will be rendered. It is the strong desire of this Committee to foster a spirit of co-operation and good-will among the enlisted men and to make them feel that there is at home a committee of intelligent and interested friends, under Red Cross management, ready all the time to help their families to tide over the trying period of war conditions. Comforts for Soldiers and Sailors shall include knitted sweaters, wristlets, mufflers, helmets and comfort Tliis Committee shall provide comforts for soldiers and sailors which 171 kits. These are forwarded through the Red Cross, Navy League, Mary- land Battery League. Food Production This Section has under its supervision the increase of food products by furthering the cultivation of vacant lots and land wherever it can be secured, back-yard gardens, school, institutional and park gardens. Food Conservation and Home Economics The duty of this Committee is to urge the conservation of food in every way — teaching first the necessity for conservation and then how it can be accomplished. The Committee circulates literature relating to the value of food, the substitution of cJtieap nutritive foods for expensive ones, and the preservation of vegetables and fruits. Classes are arran- ged for instruction in canning and drying fruits and vegetables. Meet- ings are held to instruct the public in the relative values of food and how to eliminate waste. The necessity of using products grown or man- ufactured in nearby communities is impressed upon all audiences in order to help solve the transportation problem. Community kitchens an; established in certain neighborhoods where housekeepers receive in- structions in scientific methods of the culinary art. Patriotic Education The plan of the Patriotic Education Committee is to embrace every opportunity of giving women and girls, through a system of meetings, an opportunity of hearing competent speakers, both male and female, on the ideals that underlie American Democracy ; why our country is at war and what the principles are for which America is fighting sdde bj side with the Entente Allies ; how that in supporting them she is fighting the war upon which she has enteral ; also how w^omen can best contri- bute to the country by thrift and economy in the management and con duct of their own homes and lives by preserving the moral tone of the men and women in their community by keeping a sane and well-balanced mental poise throughout the country by active work and by a training and self-discipline which makes for force and efiiciency. Americanization This Committee endeavors to get in touch with all aliens in Mary- land for the purpose of teaching them the principles of good citizenship. A list of all aliens above 16 years of age in the community has been secured through the census reports as compiled by the Men's Prepared- ness and Survey Commission, and an effort made to have these aliens agree to enter classes in English and Citizenship, which it is hoped to have established in the public schools. In order to arouse interest, illustrated talks on patriotism have been arranged, these talks being given when possible in the language of the aliens gathered at the meetings. 172 Preparation for Employment This Committee arranges for classes where instruction may be secured in all branches of employment where women may be compelled to take the place of men. Volunteer instructors are secured when possible, or instructors are asked as a patriotic duty to give instruction at cation from the Council is given so that only applicants sent to instruc- tors by the Commission shall receive the benefit of the reduced rate for tuition. Women in Industry In general, the aims and purposes of this committee are to consider all problems which may arise in connection with women in industry throughout the war. They shall include the necessary changes in occu- pations which the exigencies of the war may demand, the substitution of women for men in the various industries, and the demand for equal pay for equal work. In co-operation with the -National League for Woman's Service, the specific undertaking of the Committee will be the mobilization of women labor for the war industries of Maryland. Natur- ally, the plans formulated by the Committee must be changed or modi- fied, with changing conditions in the industrial world. With a view to entering upon this very serious work with a maximum of information regarding conditions, an expert investigator has been employed, and she is now engaged in a survey of the manufacturing industries of the city, first, those in which war contracts are involved, but with the inten- tion of ultimately covering all of the important industries not only in Baltimore, but throughout the entire State. Nurses* Service This division arranges for instruction to those desiring to become Red Cross Nurses or Nurses' Aides, by forming classes for instruction in First Aid, Home Nursing, Elementary Hygiene, Dietetics, etc., as provided by the Red Cross organization. All applicants for these branches are referred to the Red Cross, as no applicant can qualify for Government service unless a Registered Red Cross Nurse. Garments and Surgical Dressings This Committee has in charge all work connected with the making of garments, such as pajamas, bed sheets, slippers, etc., and the making of gauze or knitted bandages, and surgical dressings of all kinds. Co-ordination and Volunteer Service It shall be the duty of this Committee, first, to assist volunteers, who offer their services to find the work which from past experience and training they are best fitted to perform. Secondly, to prevent as far as possible all duplication and over-lapping of effort by bringing into har- monious and reciprocal relation the various city and State organizations capable of engaging in war emergency work. In connection with this 173 second duty, the Committee has made a complete register of all women's organizations throughout the State. Emergency Service This (Committee should be able to call into service immediately women for volunteer emergency work. (a) The Motor Messenger Service provides motors and drivers dur- ing the continuance of the war to answer any emergency call of the Governor, the Council, the Red Cross, the Navy League, and similar organizations engaged in war emergency work. Vigilance Section 1. The Child Welfare Section investigates all legislation relating to children and the effect that war has on their condition, and aims in every way to safeguard the health and welfare of children. Section 2. Recreation at Mobilization Centers Committee works with Y. W. C. A. and all organizations interested in establishing recreation centers and rest-rooms where the men, when off duty, may meet their friend and women relatives, and where they may find rest, entertainment and refreshment. These centers will be supervised by trained workers assisted by volunteers. Work of Colored Women The work of this Committee is carried on entirely through colored organizations, which undertake all lines of war emergency work that they are willing to perform. A member of the Council is Chairman of this Committee and representatives from the colored organizations serve on the Committee. Liberty Loan This Committee takes charge of the Liberty Loan Campaigns for the women throughout the State. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies This Department has been established for the purpose of maintaining the same standards of social activities during the war time that have existed in times of peace and to further the maintenance of existing agencies for guarding public welfare. Not to organize new associations but to conserve the agencies which were in operation before the war; "especially those agencies which make for the preservation and improve- ment of public health and family life, the protection of motherhood and the preservation of children from the destrur-tive and demoralizing influence of war." Reports submitted regularly once a month by the Chairmen of State Committees and by the County Chairmen, make interesting reading and only from a perusal of these can there be obtaineeen held in the interest of the Patriotic League for Girls and Young Women, and hundreds have signified their wish to express their patriotism according to the following form : "By doing better than ever before whatever work I have to do, by rendering whatever special service I can to my com- munity and country, by living up to the highest standards of char- acter and honor and helping others to do the same." At a meeting of women held on June 20 at the residence of Mrs. William M. Manly, about $22,000 was raised towards the $4,000,000 fund of the National War Work Council of the Y. W. C. A., this fund to be used at camps and cantonments, munition and uniform factories and other centers created by war emergency. 184 Every Thursday evenins, during July and August, entertainments were held for the corps of engineers at Camp Meade, first in the Masonic Hall at Odenton and later in the Y. M. C. A. Tent in the cantonment. Refreshments were served. A Hostess House, where women relatives and friends may meet the men in command, has been erected within the reservation at Camp Meade and was dedicated and formally opened on Sunday, December 2. A trained director will be in charge. A series of lectures for teachers, mothers and girls on Social Hygiene will be given in Baltimore and in the counties adjacent Camp Meade, the series to extend over a comparatively short period of time. A club for men in uniform, known as the United Service Club, has been opened under the management and direction of the Congress of Mothers, at 204 and 206 W. Fayette St., Baltimore. Sleeping accommo- dations for 30 men have been provided, which, upon demand, will be increased to 150. The club is well patronized. Work of Colored Women This Committee is composed of two white women and five colored women. The work is centralized in the office at 953 Druid Hill Ave., which has been the center of a wide range of social and civic activity. Regular meetings of the Committee have been held since June, and defense work reported and reviewed. During June, the school gardens at No. 107, a large number of back- yard gardens, an open-lot garden at Carey and Winchester Sts., and the securing of a site in Druid Hill Park for the Colored High School were among the activities reported. A larger number of gardens than ever before in colored neighborhoods were planted — instances being given of persons who had taken up the bricks in their tiny back yards to plant vegetables. During July, in addition to the garden work, reports of Red Cross work were added. Through special effort $108 was raised and sent to the East St. Louis riot sufferers. A volunteer worker succeeded in having 150 bags made for the First Separate Colored Company of Mary- land, and subsequently funds were raised to fill these bags at a whole- sale cost of about 75 cents. The bags were then forwarded to the Com- pany. Also in July, a Canning Class, financed by the Women's Civic League, was conducted at the headquarters where 25 women were instructed in the new methods of canning vegetables. This acted as an incentive to many housekeepers and reports show an increased number of well- stocked pantries. About July 15, a Special Agent from the State College of Agriculture was sent to Baltimore, and with headquarters at this office, together with the Field Secretary, a line of work was mapped out which covered the six weeks to August 31. Clubs and classes were formed and house to house instruction given by the Agent, Mrs. J. W. Shaw, with remarkable 185 success. Products from open-lot gardens were put up at Canning Clubs situatefl near them. In homes where little thrift was evident, much valuable work was done. County work covered Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico. The other activities which came directly within the province of the worker for the Council of Defense were registering employes for the canneries and for the Camp Meade Laundry; making social investiga- tions concerning same; speaking and writing for the enlightenment and enlistment of patriotic interest in the great cause. Audiences in the counties expressed a clearer understanding of the situation after such attempts. In the recent Food Conservation Campaign, 150 workers were enlisted to reach the colored women in the city districts, with good results. So much interest has been created in the Red Cross through the efforts of the Council that it has been considered necessary to establish a colored branch of the Baltimore Chapter, and steps have been taken to do this. Knitting classes have also been formed which later will be organized as auxiliaries of the Baltimore branch. Liberty Loan The Women's Liberty Loan Committee for the first loan was organized in May, 1917, with Mrs. Robert Garrett as State Chairman. The County Chairmen of the Council acted as Liberty Loan Chairmen in their respective counties. A vast number of women were reached through their clubs, churches, societies and Red Cross Circles, but it was im- possible to ascertain just how many women subscribed to bonds and to what extent. But the hearty co-operation on all sides convinced us of the value of the work done by the women of the State. The Committee disbanded at the close of the campaign in June, but in September, at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury, was again called into service through the National Woman's Liberty Loan Committee in Washington. Headquarters were established with the Central rx)an Committee and the County Chairmen of the Women's Section — Maryland Council of Defense were again asked to take over the work in their counties. Where the County Chairman was unable to do so, she appointed another woman in her place to act as Liberty Loan Chairman for the County. The work was carried on by these women in the rural districts as well as in the townships and our better organization led to a more far-reaching distribution of informa- tion, a better response to a national obligation, and a heartier co-operation between the Committees in charge. The women were again reached through their churches, clubs, societies and Red Cross Circles, and in some sections by a house-to-house canvas, The excellent work done by the women in the rural districts and the success of their efforts was shown in the large increase of subscriptions, - scription blanks as those from Washington were so long delayed. The Committee worked in direct connection with the Men's Committee throughout the State and they were most helpful and co-operative in every way. As far as we have been able to ascertain in the second campaign there have been women subscribers to the number of .^,034 (with counties alone) and bonds (for counties and Baltimore City) to the amount of ^1,374,706.50, but it is not to be supposed that this represents the num- ber of Maryland women who took part in the Loan nor do the figures represent women's savings as put in the National Loan. Men have sub- scribed through our Committee and many women subscribed through the Men's Committee so that a perfect report is impossible to secure. In the future, we shall have our blanks ready before the campaign starts and will distribute them to all agencies handling the bonds in order that a record of the women's contributions may be more easily kept. The aforegoing synopses of the reports of the Chairmen of State Com- mittees are generalizations of the State-wide work, but any account deal- ing with the subject of war emergency work of the women of Maryland would be incomplete without some reference, however brief, to the detailed activities of the women in the various political sub-divisions of the State. We accordingly append short and necessarily inadequate statements of the work in the counties. Allegany The work here was organized May 5 with headquarters in the City Hall at Cumberland. Representatives of nearly ail the women's organi- zations met on May 17, in response to the appeal of the County Chair- man, and every phase of the work, as outlined by the State Plan, was in some degree undertaken. The Red Cross and Navy League are thoroughly organized and doing splendid work. In July, "Home Economics Week" was inaugurated and the "Woman's Army Against Waste," 1,200 strong, equipped with av Army Kitchen, where surplus fruits and vegetables were collected, canned, preserved and pickled, waged and won a vital campaign against waste. Valiant aid was rendered by the Press, and the County Demonstration Agent, a War Agent, a Local Committee, Girls' Canning Clubs, the Home Demon- stration Club, and the housewives of the County (both white and colored). The National Food Conservation Campaign and the Liberty Loan Cam- paign were entered with enthusiasm and the results were most satis- factory. 187 Anne Arundel Here the work is well organized under the direction of five Section Chairmen and eight District Leaders. Particular attention has been given to the conservation of food and 22 clubs, with an attendance of 8O0 members, have been formed by the Home Economics Agent. One hundred and fifty food demonstrations have been given and three out- door demonstrations, with the result that 20,000 containers have been packed with food of diflferent kinds by the housewives of Anne Arundel and only nine jars lost. Through the activity of the Thrift Section, the Home Economics Club of Lothian has placed unusually large orders for canned goods. They report 4,952 quarts of canned fruits and vegetables and a total of $83.70. One member, Mrs. T. J. Hall, 3d, has personally canned 3,000 quarts of fruit and vegetables. The Mothers' Circle organ- ized a Community Kitchen in the Annapolis High School and over 500 jars were canned and sold for the benefit of the Red Cross. Five thou- sand Thrift Pledge Cards were distributed in the July campaign, and a second campaign is now in progress. A Registration Day Parade was arranged and thirty-one Prepared- ness meetings have been held throughout the county. The National Surgical Dressings Committee reported 17,2G8 articles made since May 1st, and a weekly average attendance of forty-five members. The Navy T^eague reported over I.CKX) knitted articles finished and shipped since May 1st. Baltimore County Reports from the women of this county are summarized as follows: 1. Food Production — Fifteen District Leaders, each with four assist- ants, actively engaged in food pro fng the campaign, a questionnaire was sent to all County Chairmen to ascertain the number of Public Health Nurses, Hospital Facilities, Pre- Natal Clinics, Milk regulations and whether or not the Home Service Department of tEe Red Cross or other Relief Agencies could reach the families of drafted and enlisted men. The replies in some cases were satisfactory, but in most instances showed a field untouched by any adequate agency. Much interest was aroused during the weighing and measuring cam- paign, and through newspaper publicity, house-to-house visits, the estab- lishment of public weighing stations in various places both in the coun- ties and in Baltimore City, and splendid co-operation from the Baltimore School Board, the school-teachers, the Public Health Nurses, the Jewish Children's bureau, the Babies' Milk Fund Association, the Instructive Visiting Nurses, the Children's Playground Association, the Infant Mor- tality Society, and the Ward Organization of the Council of Defense, astonishing results were accomplished in the campaigns and educational work of great value to every community was done by the distribution of effective posters and quantities of literature dealing with the care of cfiildren. In October, 1918, a "Back-to-the-School Drive" was begun. Permis- sion was obtained from the Board of School Commissioners for Balti- more City to request the co-operation of the School Attendance Depart- ment in obtaining the necessity lists of children who failed to return after the summer vacation. This co-operation was readily secured and official cards, supplied by the Children's Bureau in Washington, were filled out by the Attendance Officers, giving full information concerning children above the fifth grade who failed to return, and special efforts were made to have those in the lower grades return to their studies. The epidemic of influenza seriously handicapped the campaign, and the 209 signing of tlie armistice further curtailed the Council's activities in this direction. The Oouncil was also instrumental in promoting a course on "Problems of Motherhood" wMch has been made a part of the curriculum of the New School of Hygiene and Public Health of the Johns Hopkins University. Health and Recreation This Department of the Council used its efforts in stimulating interest, co-ordinating the work and preventing duplication of effort in providing healthful recreation and comfort for the men in the service. The parade in Baltimore on Saturday, October 8th, 1918, showed very plainly how the seven national welfare organizations authorized by the United States Government were providing for the health and recreation of the men in the service both within and outside of the camps, in this country ana abroad. It also showed what was done along the same line for relatives and friends of soldiers, for the women in war industries, and for the women who took men's places during the war. Throughout the counties and in Baltimore City, Maryland has given to this important work hearty co-operation, and the many women's organizations, as well as individuals, have vied with one another to make the men comfortable both day and night and to furnish them with healthful recreation and pleasure. Liberty Loan and War Savings Stamps In all the Liberty Loan Campaigns carried on, the women of Maryland evidenced the greatest desire to serve their country loyally and without stint to themselves or their resources. While tlie Chairman of the Woman's Liberty Loan Committee received her appointment from the National Committee in Washington, Maryland was fortunate in that the Liberty Loan Chairman was also a member of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense and the organization of the Council and its workers were placed at her disposal in all campaigns, thus eliminating duplication of machinery and effort. All campaigns were conducted systematically, proper sub-committees being appointed and the Baltimore City organization of the Council undertook the house-to-house canvasses which were productive of much good. The canvassers also distributed the window cards which were a feature of all campaigns. The activities of the women were also evidenced in continuous attendance at the Liberty Loan Booths placed in large department stores, office buildings, hotels and other public places. The Publicity Committee had flying squadrons on the streets day and night distributing handbills and song-sheets, and the Speakers' Bureau of the Council provided competent speakers for scores of meetings. The amount of sales for which the women of Maryland have been given credit, namely $14,508,406.00. the number of subscriptions reported being 26,208, is an evidence that the energy, enthusiasm and hard work of the women of Marjiand were productive of tangible and substantial results. In addition to the finan- cial returns, much may be said of the intangible results of the Liberty 210 Loan Campaigns conducted by the women. Those who made the house- to-house canvasses undoubtedly did valuable propaganda work, and the Introduction of women to the fact that bank accounts, bonds and the check-books are as legitimately theirs as they are the property of our men is an asset which will redound to the credit of the country. Since so large a portion of the money of America's families passes through the hands of the women, the intelligent handling of this money will be a factor in breaking down the lavish expenditure for which the American nation has been for so long deservedly censured by its more conserva- tive European relations. Organization for the War Savings and Thrift Stamps Campaign, in which women are credited with sales amounting to $628,521.89, this amount being in full for the counties but covering only a period of six months in Baltimore City, consisted of work with the thousands of women's organizations in Baltimore City, work through the Baltimore City Organization of the Council and work in the counties. Booths for the sale of stamps were established wherever possible, public meetings were arranged to arouse the people, and every means adopted to further the sale of stamps in Baltimore City and the rural districts. Nursing Service The efforts of this Department in the early days of tie war were directed toward arousing the women to the necessity of learning at least the rudiments of nursing. A survey was made by the Maryland State League of Nursing Service and the Maryland Association of Graduate Nurses, to ascertain the number of available nurses, and soon after thi.s survey was completed, the Committee on Nursing Service made a state- wide appeal for women to fit themselves to become Nurses' Aides, help- ers in their communities or of service in their own homes, with the idea of releasing as many trained nurses as possible for war work, as well as with the object In view of raising the standard of health in all com- munities. In July, 1918, a request having come from the office of Surgeon- General Gorgas for women to register as student nurses in the United States Nurses Reserve, such registrants to be trained as nurses in Army Hospitals or Cantonments, this Committee was given the task of enroll- ing Maryland's quota of 510 of the 25,000 student nurses called for by the Government. A campaign of publicity was conducted, which included public meetings, newspaper articles, moving-picture films, huge posters placed in conspicuous places and the distribution of literature. The required number of student nurses was not secured during the two weeks' campaign, but no definite conclusions could be drawn from Mary- land's failure to secure her quota in the alloted time, as so many factors entered into the enrollment of these women. Among the factors that contributed to this failure may safely be enumerated the stringent educational qualifications which prevented the enrollment of girls from the counties where there are no high schools, the drawing of so many women into government work in Washington prior to the campaign. 211 the entrance of quite a number of girls into institutions like the Johns Hopkins University prior to the campaign, and lack of funds to pay the necessary expenses of the girls who were willing to enroll but who were unable personally to pay transportation and other expenses to the camps outside of the State to which they might have been ordered. The aforegoing report is necessarily a very brief resume of only a portion of the activities and accomplishments of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense. Of the singleness of purpose, un- tiring energy and the continuity of effort of the women, often when their hearts were heavy with anxiety for those across the seas, too much can- not be said in praise. We believe that we have followed the counsel of the President and shown ourselves Americans, by not going off into separate groups and camps by ourselves, but by co-operating with all other classes and all other groups in the common enterprise which has released the spirits of the world from bondage. We believe that in the mobilization of women for the service of the country, for the first time in our history, we have placed the State of Maryland in her rightful place in the first ranks and have established a state-wide league for co-opera- tion and understanding between the women which will be of lasting value. We believe that we have, to the best of our ability, carried out each and every command of the State and Federal Government. It has required the united effort, united service and united sacrifice on the part of all the women to accomplish these ends, but in the years to come we will look back upon these strenuous days with an overwhelming sense of thankfulness that it has been our great privilege to have been of service to our State and Country. May we not take this opportunity to express to the Governor of Maryland our very great appreciation of his interest in, and unfailing support of, our work. He has always been ever ready to give us his advice and council, and has encouraged us to put our shoulders to the wheel and meet each new responsibility. And to the Chairman of the Council, who, when assuming the Chairmanship expressed his willing- ness and very earnest desire to co-operate with us in every way possible, and who so effectively made his desire a reality, we extend our heartfelt thanks. We soon recognized his true and just discernment, and at all times relied upon his judgment, and we are more than grateful to him for his loyal support of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense. ELIZABETH T. SHOEMAKER, Chairman. Governor Harrington's Letter to Mrs. Shoemaker EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Annapolis, Md., January 13th, 1920. Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, Baltimore, Maryland. My dear Mrs. Shoemaker: I cannot retire from the Governorship without saying a parting word to you. I want you to know how greatly I value the services to the 212 state and Country rendered by you as Chairman of the Women's Section of the State Council of Defense. You have made a record of which the State is proud. Without the Women's Section Maryland could not have made the fine record which it did. These have been wonderful days of oppor- tunity, and will ever be held in sacred memory. Personally and. on beJialf of the State, I thank you. With my very best wishes, I am, Very truly yours, EMERSON C. HARRINGTON. Appendix I Officers Second Infantry Maryland State Guard Field and Staff NAMB. Clinton L. Riggs. . . Irving Adams David W. Jenkins. . Jesse Slingluflf Thomas S. Janney.. Charles K. Duce. . . . Chas. R. Waldecker. Chauncey D. Hopper James W. Scott. Harry T. Fallon. Harry M. Webb. Arthur E>by William Page Dame. ENLISTED. BANK. COMMISSION'D DISPOSITION. Colonel 10/23/17 Lleut.-Col. 10/23/17 Major 10/21/17 Unasslgned list Major 10/22/17 Major 10/23/17 Captain 11/ 2/17 Major 7/30/18 10/3/17 1st Lieut. 1]/ 3/17 (Reg. Adjutant) Captain 3/14/18 10/.5/17 2nd Lieut. 11/ 8/17 (Reg. Supply Officer) Captain 3/14/18 Died Captain 12/ 5/18 (Rog. Supply Officer) 10/5/17 2nd Lieut. 11/ 3/17 1st Lieut. 12/29/17 (Battarn Adjutant; 10/5/17 2nd Lieut. 11/ 3/17 ' ,i?«'«- ■ 1st Lieut. 3/14/18 (Battal'n Adjutant) 10/5/17 2nd Lieut. 12/29/17 1st Lieut. 3/14/18 (Battal'n Adjutant) Captain 12/29/17 (Chaplain) Medical Corps NAME. BANK. ASSIGNED. DISPOSITION. 8. Griffith Davis Major, M. N. G. 1/5/18 Returned to Retired List 6/18/19 M. J. S. Cromwell. . Major 6/18/19 1st Lieutenant 1/ 4/19 Robt B. Johnstone. 1st Lieutenant 11/ 8/17 L. K. Hirshberg 1st Lieutenant 4/ 8/18 213 Captains NA.ME. ENLISTED. R.\NK. CO.MMISSIIIN'D DISPOSITION. Eugene V. Hoffman. Captain 11/ 3/17 Resigned Joshua M. Matthews 10/ 5/17 Captain 11/ 3/17 Resigned U. S. A. Grain \V. Smoot 10/24/17 1st Lieut. 11/ 3/17 Captain 12/29/17 Resigned Lee W. Tipton 10/ 3/17 1st Lieut. 11/ S/17 Relieved of duty Captain 12/29/17 with the Regiment 12/18/18 Max Gras 10/ 8/17 1st Lieut. 11/ 3/17 Captain 3/14/18 Resigned 6/25/18 Albert S. E. Barnett 10/ 3/17 1st Lieut. Captain 11/ 3/17 6/20/18 C. W. L. McDermott 11/ 9/17 Captain 11/21/17 Died 8/25/19 George C. Slagle. ... 11/14/17 Captain 12/29/17 John F. King Captain 12/29/17 Frank W. VVelleln . . 10/ 8/17 1st Lieut. Captain 12/29/17 6/ 1/18 Herschel 0. Halbert. 10/ 5/17 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. Captain 12/29/17 6/20/18 12/17/18 M. Marshall Jones. 11/15/17 1st Lieut. Captain 3/14/18 6/18/19 John B. Rlppere. . . . 12/17/17 1st Lieut. Captain 3/14/18 6/20/18 John E. Hogg 3/ 1/18 1st Lieut. Captain 6/ 1/18 11/27/18 Alford Colona Captain 7/ 5/18 First Lieutenants NAME. ENLISTED. BANK. COMMISSTON'D DISPOSITION. Howard S Thompson 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 11/ 3/17 12/29/17 Paul J. Trinlte 10/ 3/17 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 11/ 3/17 12/29/17 Franlj L. Bentz. . . . 11/ 9/17 1st Lieut. 11/21/17 Arnold V Hamer. . . 11/14/17 1st Lieut. 12/29/17 Resigned 7/9/19 Robert Garrett 1st Lieut. 12/29/17 Martin Weisraann. . 10/ 5/17 I'nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 12/29/17 1/22/19 Victor A. Pyles. . . . 10/22/17 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 3/14/18 6/20/18 C>rlando Ridout 12/17/17 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 3/14/18 6/20/18 William E. Jones. . 3/ 1/18 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 6/ 1/18 12/17/18 Charles R. Buckley. 1st Lieut. 6/20/18 Resigned 6/21/19 William Smith 1st Lieut. 2nd Liout. 6/20/18 1/22/19 Clyde L. Hauver. . . 11/14/17 2nd Lieut. 6/20/18 10/ 5/17 1st Lieut. 7/ 7/19 Samuel R. Douglass. 6/26/18 1st Lieut. 7/ 5/18 Resigned 6/21/19 Samuel S. Feldman. 2nd Lieut. 1st Lieut. 12/17/18 7/ 7/19 2U Second Lieutenants NAMB. ENLISTED. RANK. COMMISSION'D DISPOSITION. Henry G. A. Ludtke 10/ 3/17 2nd Lieut. 12/29/17 Resigned 6/17/18 Linden L. Sanders . . 11/ 5/17 2nd Lieut. 12/29/17 Resigned 7/10/18 John L. Clark 12/ 7/17 2nd Lieut. 3/14/18 Resigned Albert F. Tawney. . . 11/ 9/17 2nd Lieut 3/15/18 Walter F. Pohl 10/ 5/17 2nd Lieut. 6/20/18 Walter R. Swift. . . 11/15/17 2nd Lieut. 6/20/18 C. F. W. Dammeyer. 12/17/17 2nd Lieut 6/20/18 Resigned 6/21/19 Carroll Gorman 10/ 8/17 2nd Lieut. 6/20/18 Thos. McK. Meiere.. 10/ 5/17 ?nd Lieut. 6/20/18 Charles E. King 11/19/17 2nd Lient. 6/20/18 Commission vacated 7/9/19 J. Burkloe Brown. .. 7/16/18 ind Lieut. 1/22/19 Robert H. McCaulcy 11/ 9/17 2nd Lieut. 1/22/19 Leo H. Badart 3/11/18 2nd Lieut. 6/18/19 Vaughn D. Russell. 12/17/17 2nd Lieut. 6/23/19 Geo. R. Shipley 11/14/17 •Yid Lieut. 7/17/19 Andrew Crisp 6/26/18 2nd Lieut. 7/17/19 Appendix J Military Enrollment of Maryland Aliens. Enrollments. Total. Baltimore City 16,269 195.279 211,548 •Allegany County No report Anne Arundel County 31 2,057 2,088 Baltimore County 982 34,017 34,999 Calvert County 4 2,670 2,674 Carolhie County 18 4,785 4,803 Carroll County 74 10,584 10,658 Cecil County No report Charles County 3 4,229 4,232 Dorchester County 39 7,893 7,932 Frederick County 66 16,869 16,935 Garrett County 5 1,454 1,459 Harford County 82 6,997 7,079 Howard County 26 4,390 4,416 Kent County 17 2,172 2,189 Prince George's County 80 8,589 8,669 Queen Anne's County 9 4,665 4,674 Talbot County 30 5,019 5,04& Washington County 116 16,839 16,955 Wicomico County 7 4,346 4,353 Worcester County 1,039 1,039 Montgomery County No report Somerset County No report St. Mary's County No report * Allegany County census was made and returns were sent in, but were mis- laid, and the enrollments have not been tabulated. 215 Census Enrollment for Baltimore City Foreign bom not citizens 16,269 Citizens — American bom 159,64 7 Foreign born (enemy countries) 7,980 Foreign bom (allied neutral) 11,383 Total Enrollment 195,279 CONJUGAL CONDITION Married. Single. White 90,354 White 58,7!>5 Colored 18,816 Colored 12,155. NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS 1 2 13 4 5 6 and over 45,965 55,948 33,023 20.279 11,451 6,999 5,797 Previous Military Service. Previous Naval Service. Officers. Privates. Officers 46 Infantry 423 8,583 Enlisted men 2,;i52 Cavalry 31 795 Artilery 39 833 Engineers 10 92 Medical 36 330 Ride horse 80,189 Steam engine 13,779 Handle team 98,816 Electrical machinery 8,616 Drive auto 24,098 Handle boat 17,718 Ride motorcycle 9,308 Coastwise navigation 2,774 Telegraphy 2,124 Gas engine 3,706 Wireless 775 Swim 54,517 Date of enrollment, April 14th, 1917. Appendix K The Educational Committee and a Brief Summary of Its Work The Educational Committee was created August 2Sth, 1017, by the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense. The following persons were appointed from time to time, as members of the Committee : Dr. John. H. Latane, Chairman, Dr. George L. Jones, Prof. A. O. Lovejoy, H. W. Williams, W. H. DeC. Wright, C. W Egan, Miss Sarah Carter, Rev. E. T. Read, Dr. G. W. Haddaway. Dr. George L. Jones was elected secretary. Later he relinquished this position to enter the service of the Government and Mr. Wright was appointed secretary. Dr. Love.1oy was appointed Field Director and Mr. Isidor Blum, Assistant Field Director. Dr. Ix)vejoy later resigned to make a trip to Europe. Dr. Haddaway was appointed Chief Field Director, with Rev. E. T. Read and Mr. Isidor Blum as Assistant Field Director. 216 The purpose of the Educational Committee, as its name indicates, has been purely in the interest of war educational propaganda. To enlighten the people, and all of the people of the State of Maryland, in all matters pertaining to the War, as far as possible, and to tell them what was ex- pected of them in war activities and urge the fullest support of the same. This work has been carried on very extensively by the distribution of posters, written letters, circulation of literature as written by the Com- mittee itself and published by the United States Government; also by public addresses, stereoptican lectures through the Departments of Four Minute Men, Vocational Training and Americanization work — through all of these, with the splendid result that the entire State has become thoroughly aroused in all war activities, claiming the attention of the same, as the generous responses to the Liberty Loans, Red Cross, War Work Campaign, etc., will attest. Local or Community Councils, or their equivalents, were organized in all of the counties of the State and some counties were thoroughly or- ganized in every section of the same. Of these organizations one hundred and fifty were strictly Community Councils. These Councils were active and useful in all war interests touching in every way the local situation^ as well as in matters affecting the general public. No war work in this State has been quite so fundamental as that of the Educational Committee. The people had to be informed first and then they were ready to respond most liberally to all demands made upon them and lend their co-operation in every possible way. This information was imparted by the Educational Committee even in the most minute details. The entire expense incurred by the Committee in its many activities did not exceed $5,000. The good accomplished by the work of the Educa- tional Committee cannot be estimated in dollars and cents. The work of the said Committee has been cheerfully and efficiently done by all parties concerned, and now that the Maryland Council of Defense — being a war-time organization — created by the State Legislature to be discontinued at the conclusion of the war or within a brief period thereafter ; and the Educatinoal Committee, being a branch of the State Council of Defense, may be called upon to dissolve in the not distant future, the Educational Committee will be remembered for the much good it has accomplished. With this wholesome thought in our minds, we willingly abide the action of the Executive Committee of the Mary- land Council of Defense. Respectfully submitted, GEORGE W. HADDAWAY, Chief Field Director. 217 The Chairman : Resolution Adopted by the Educational Committee Whereas, The Educational Committee of the Maryland Ct)uncil of Defense before adjourning desires to express its appreciation of the services rendered to the people of the State of Maryland, as well as to the Nation at large, by General Francis E. Waters, Chairman of the Mary- land Council of Defense; Note, Therefore, Be It Resolved, That it is proper for the members of this Committee who have worked under and who have been associated with General Francis E. Waters, Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense, to bring to the notice of the people of Maryland more emphatic- ally than has yet been done the faithful and efficient service which General Waters has rendered. He has given his time without stint, never failing to attend promptly to the innumerable matters which have been presented to him, and has brought rare judgment to bear on the various questions and problems which it was the function of the Maryland Coun- cil of Defense to deal with and to solve. He has served entirely without ostentation, never desiring prominence for himself, seeliing no credit, and having no wish except to accomplish good results. At all times he has contributed in full measure of his great ability to the success of the cause for which the Maryland Council of Defense was organized. Many of the people of the State have not the slightest conception of the onerous duties which have fallen upon General Waters, and of the heavy drafts on his time as well as on his private means. The latter he has never hesitated to expend or to pledge where doubt exsited as to the authority to expend the public money. Comparatively few people realize the high degree of business intelligence which he has brought to bear on the problems coming before him in his capacity as chairman. This resolution is offered not only as a proper token of appreciation by the Educational Committee to General Waters himself, but because the Committee believes that the public at large should have their attention drawn to one who has served them so modestly and with such efficiency. He is the type of man who avoids exploiting and advertising his own accomplishments and is all the more valuable as a citizen for this reason. The people of Maryland owe a debt of gratitude to this man who has served them without thought of gain or personal advantage and who has served them to his utmost, because of his love for the Nation and for his native State. Be It Further Resolved, That in recognition of General Waters' services the press be asked to give due prominence to this resolution. Signe<] : John H. Latane, Chairman ; W. H. DeC. Wright, Secretary ; G. W. Haddaway, Chief Field Dierctor; Edgar T. Read, Associate Field Director; Henry W. Williams, Clarence W. Egan, vSarah R. Carter. 218 Vocational Education State of Maryland DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION May 27, 1918. Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. Gentlemen : Because of the failure of the selective draft to furnish enough specially trained mechanics for the needs of the army, the War Department has called on the Federal Board for Vocational Education to assist in meeting this demand. This Federal Board was created by Congress to administer the Federal appropriation pi-ovided under the Smith-Hughes Law for the promotion of industrial education throughout the United States. It operates through State Boards for Vocational Education, being repre- sented in Maryland by the State Board of Education, of which Dr. M. Bates Stephens is the executive officer. The call from the War Department asking the schools of the country to aid in providing the industrial training under the direction of the Federal Board has been passed on to the States, and the response ra general has been very good. The attached exhibit shows some of the work that has already been accomplished. The plan of training used in most of the states has been evening classes open to men of Classes I and II of the Selective Draft. These classes have been organized in the schools and the shops of the country under the drection of the several state boards for vocational education. In some few eases the classes have been financed locally. In most of the states these classes have been made possible through a grant of money from the State Council of Defense. A recent ruling of the Federal Board for Vocational Education has made possible the use of Smith-Hughes funds for classes of this sort. The conditions under which these funds may be used are specifically stated in the law, a copy of which is attached. One of the provisions requires that every dollar of Federal money must be matched with a dollar of state or local money. The State Board for Vocational Edu- cation is vi-illing to use a iwrtion of its available funds for this training and desires if possible to secure state funds to be used with the Federal money in this important work. The State of Maryland has done its bit and more than that at times throughout the history of this nation. We should not like to see it fall down at this time, when the army is in need of so many trained men. We should not like to have the Maryland boy think that his State had not been fair to him when it did not give him the chance to prepare for army service and win his position as a noncommissioned officer, when the boy from Pennsylvania, or West Virginia, or Delaware, or other states, did have the privilege. We believe that Maryland will give its young men the same chance that the other fellow gets. 219 The Maryland State Board of Education would like to establish truin- ing classes for conscripted men in every community in the State where men can be brought into the classes. The organizing and supervision of these classes will be taken care of by the State Supervisor of Indus- trial Education, whose salary and expenses are already provided for. To operate these classes successfully will require funds for the payment of teachers and the securing of necessary equipment. We believe that the local communities will furnish the equipment and the rooms necessary, if funds can be secured to pay for the teachers. We therefore request the Maryland Council of Defense to appropriate for this training the sum of one thousand dollars, this amount to be matched by an equal amount of Federal money available under the Smith-Hughes Law% the total to be utilized for the preparation of Mary- land men for better service in the National Army. Very truly yours, M. BATES STEPHENS, State Director of Vocational Eduoation. MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Baltimore Dr. M. Bates Stephens, State Superintendent of Education, Baltimore, Md. My Dear Dr. Stephens : The Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense voted the sum of $1,000.00, this amount to be matched by an equal amount of Federal money available under the Smith-Hughes Law, the total to be utilized for the preparation of Maryland men for better service in the National Army. Payment of this money will be made on bills or vouchers approved by you. Very truly yours, LYNN R. MEEKINS, Secretary. State of Maryland DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION June 28, 1918. Mr. L. R. Meekins, Secretary, Maryland Council of Defense, 703 Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. My dear Mr. Meekins : I appreciate very much the good news contained in your letter just read to the effect that the executive committee of the Maryland Council of Defense has voted the sum of $1,000 for the preparation of Maryland men for more efficient service in the National Army. This money will be matched dollar for dollar with Federal money under the provisions of the Smith-Hughes act. Very truly yours, M. BATES STEPHENS, State Superintendent. 220 State of Maryland DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION August 12, 1918. Complying with your request for a brief summary of what has been done in the War Training Classes for selected men awaiting call, I am pleased to report that the work is under way iu five centers in the State. Cumberland was the first to get started in training men for special army service. After a brief survey of the city it seemed that Radio Operating and Auto Repairing offered the best possibilities and arrange- ments were made for classes in each subject. The auto work is given in Glisan's garage with Mr. Wilson and Mr. Hendrickson, two of the shop mechanics, as instructors. The shop owners are co-operating in every way and some effective teaching is being done. The enrollment at present is 25 men. Mr. Perry Nicklin, manager of the Western Union at Cumberland has charge of the class in Radio Operating. The class meets in the High School and is going iu good shape. The students are mak- ing rapid progress and several of them can now pass the requirements of the Signal Corps. The enrollment in this class is 12 men. Hagerstown has classes in Auto Repairing aud iu Radio Operating. The auto work is given iu the Central Garage under the direction of Mr. John Beard, foreman of the garage, with fifteen men enrolled. The radio work is given in the Negley building under the direction of Philip Coblentz. Eight men are at present enrolled but it is expected that this number will be increased very soon. Frederick has a class in Auto Repairing under the direction of the foreman of the Ideal Garage with 15 men enrolled. The shop equipment is particularly good as this garage is one of the largest and best in the State. Salisbury has a class in Auto Repairing with Mr. O. H. Grier as in- structor. The class meets in the East Main Street Garage. The initial enrollment was 10 men. This number will be increased soon. Baltimore City has been rather slow in taking up the work. The matter was laid over from one meeting of the School Board to another and then referred to the Rules Committee which recently decided to proceed with Auto Repairing and Radio Operating, and authorized the use of the Polytechnic Institute for other lines of work as soon as school opens next month. In the absence of Superintendent Koch, Mr. George R. Gaither, Supervisor of Manual Training, has been placed in charge of the War Training classes in the City and it is expected that the work will soon be well under way. We believe the small appropriation allowed for the War Training classes by the State Council of Defense is money well spent. A few men have already entered some special line of army service from these classes and it is hoped that most of them will be ready by the time of the next draft call. Very truly yours, M. BATES STEPHENS, State Superintendent. 221 Summary of Work Done in War Training Cuinberland — Auto Work, 2 classes ; Radio Work, 1 class. Frederick — Auto Work, 1 class. Hagerstown — Auto Work, 1 class ; Radio Work, 1 class. Salisbury — Auto Work, 1 class ; Radio Work, 1 class. Baltimore — Auto Work, 4 classes; Radio Work, 2 classes. Three others are being started in Baltimore and a class in Radio and another in Auto Repairing will soon be organized in Cambridge. State of Maryland DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION September 21, 1918. Since the above report was made, four classes in Auto Repairing and two in Radio Operating have been organized in Baltimore City, and three other classes will be organized in the near future with men who have already signed up for the work. Classes will soon be organized in both Auto Repairing and Radio Operating in Cambridge. The interest and attendance in all of these classes has been excellent. In Salisbury a waiting list of men is kept by the instructor and a new student added to the class as fast as another becomes proficient enough to drop out or is called to service. The classes average about twelve men each and have a total attendance of one hundred and seventy. Very truly yours, M. BATES STEPHENS, State Superintendent. Appendix L Report of the Agricultural Work Conducted Under the Auspices of the Maryland Council of Defense Introduction This report will record a summary of the initial movements, develop- ments and results of emergency agricultural work conducted during the war period by the Maryland Council of Defense in co-operation with State and Federal agencies. It was not until early in the year 1917 that the general public or even many State and Government agencies realized to the fullest extent the demands that would be made upon this country for food products. War among the nations of Europe had continued since July, 1914. A constant drain upon the food resources of the world had not only exhausted all surplus, but finances and facilities for production in many European 222 countries had been greatly depleted. The demands of European peoples during the winter of 1916-1917 had so reduced the supply of food products in this country that with the approach of the 1917 season, a panicky feeling existed, so great was the demand for all seeds and that all avail- able land be devoted to the production of food products. By this time, it had become inevitable that this Nation would become affiliated with the Allies against the common enemy in the defense of justice, humanity and civilization. Immediate steps were talien by the State College and tJ. S. Dept. of Agriculture to make hurried surveys of available seed supplies. In fact, prior to this period, these agencies had been making every effort towards increasing production and the conservation of food. With the declaration of a state of war between the United States and the Central Empires, April 6, 1917, our people recognized more fully than ever before, the absolute deiJendence of this Nation and those connected with us in the prosecution of the war upon an adequate supply of food products. At this juncture, the special State and Federal agencies were created to augment the regular agencies in the stimulation of production and conservation of food. Maryland Preparedness and Survey Commission Prior to this period, the State had recognized the seriousness of the situation and the necessity of providing a semi-official body of public spirited citizens to look into various means of adequate preparedness for any eventuality. The Maryland Preparedness Commission was ap- pointed in the fall of 1916 by Governor Harrington. This Commission was headed by Gen. Carl R. Gray who was also a member of the State Board of Agriculture. Shortly after the declaration of war, a joint conference of the members of the Executive Committee of the State Commission and tJie members of the State Board of Agriculture was called, April 12th, 1917, to consider the agricultural situation. The result of the labor and seed surveys conducted by the Extension Service of the State College was presented to the conference by the President and Director. A private fund was established with the aid of the Governor, State Treasurer and the State Board of Agriculture, to which public-spirited citizens subscribed for the purpose of securing agricultural seeds in large quantities to be distributed to farmers at cost, upon a nine months credit. The Director of the Extension Service of the State College was authorized to secure contributions to the fund and charged with details of purchasing and distributing the various kinds of seeds. Shortly after the inauguration of the work, plans were made to secure the co-operation of all the farmers of the State. Governor Tours State Realizing the necessity of educating the people of the State to a thorough realization of the State's responsibility and the need for in- creased production of farm crops, with the concurrence of Governor Harrington, the Dirertor of the Extension Service of the State College 223 through the county agency force arranged for mass meetings of farmers In the county seats of all counties which were addressed by Governor E. C. Harrington, T. B. Symous, Director of Extension, and Prof. C. S. Richardson, representing the College. This campaign served a most useful purpose, not only in emphasizing the necessity for the utilization of all available land for agricultural food crops, but also to arouse a most patriotic effort from the farmers to produce increased crops in spite of great scarcity of farm labor which had been gradually leaving the rural sections to engage in more remun- erative work in the munition factories. Every possible preliminary step was taken by the College during this period to encourage greater production and more extended cultivation of farm crops and the raising of livestock to meet the increasing demands of the war. An extra session of the Maryland Legislature was called by the Governor and the Maryland Council of Defense was created and supplied with necessary funds to prosecute such emergency work as was deemed necessary. With the formal organization of the State Council of Defense, July 11, 1917, the Agricultural Committee of the Council was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. A. F. Woods, President of the State College and executive officer of the State Board of Agriculture. Dr. Woods was thus in position to correlate all phases of agricultural work so as to prevent duplication and secure the greatest unanimity of effort. A complete program and budget was presentetl to the Council through this com- mittee to supplement the regular agencies already at work. The emer- gency funds were available August 1st, 1917. For convenience, it is deemed best to give a summary of the work conducted during the seasons of 1917 and 1918. General Assistance to State College The leadership of the State College of Agriculture was at once recog- nized to guide the efforts of all forces thrust into the arena for in- creasing our agricultural output and the Extension Division was the natural agency of the College through which the greater part of this effort was carried to the farmers of the State. The Extension Service was fortunate in having a good organization of workers, with a county man and woman agent, having a working organization in every county of the State. It was, therefore, desirable to make this organization as efficient as possible by providing ample facilities and supplementing the force where necessary. On account of the great amount of emergency work that was thrust upon the county agents, it was necessary to aid them in defraying ad- ditional traveling expenses, to furnish some assistants and to give thera clerical help for their offices. An allowance per month was made for each for three months, beginning July 15th. This assistance by the Ck)uncil of Defense was of inestimable value iu increasing the efficiency 224 of the county agent force. The clerical help relieved them of office work, facilitated prompt correspondence, etc., and enabled them to devote more time to the greater demands made by the work in their counties. The financial assistance for traveling expenses afforded increased mileage. The auto mileage of agents varied from 1,000 to 1,600 miles per month. This assistance in traveling expenses was extended to both men and women agents and was continued by the Council of Defense during the open or growing months of the war period. Seed Distribution As previously mentioned, the purchase and distribution of agricultural seeds was the first concrete project under emergency work conducted early In the year 1917. A private fund of $10,000 was raised for this purpose. The following persons very generously and patriotically sub- scribed to this fund which was understood to be a loan to the end that seed would be furnished to farmers desiring credit on personal notes not regular negotiable paper : John M. Dennis, J. Bolgiano t& Co., Mrs. Henry B. Jacobs, Mrs. Rufus Gibbs, Newcomer & Co., Eugene Levering, Balti- more Chamber of Commerce, Henry M. Warfleld, Robert Garrett, Wm. H. Graflin, Van Lear Black, J. H. Wheelwright, City Dairy Co., State Council of Defense. There was a large demand on the part of farmers for potatoes, cow peas, soy beans, etc., which were not available in this State. These seeds were purchased in car loads from other sections and distributed in small lots throughout the State. Where credit was desired, the farmers' personal notes were taken. The initial fund was not sufficient to finance the project, as nearly $20,000 worth of seed was purchased. The Council of Defense contri- buted through the Agricultural committee, $4,00<> and placed this contri- bution upon the same basis as that loaned by private contributors. To date 75 per cent, of the total amount loaned has been repaid. The following amount and kind of seed was purchased and distributed: Cowpeas 1958 bushels Navy Beans las " Soy Beans 2.34 " Potatoes 2123 " Miscellaneous 15 Total cost of Seed $19,325.21 Total number of orders shipped 647 This entailed a large amount of work by the Extension Service Specialists and office force, as well as by the county agents. Mr. S. B. Shaw handled many details of the seed distribution. No expenses what- ever for extra work were charged against this fund. The supreme object at the time of distributing the seed was to have an increased production of food crops and as a result, many persons were given seed upon per- 225 sonal notes, whose responsibility for one reason or another proved unsafe. However, the project was a great success in assisting those needing seed to obtain it and the large amount of food produced from the approximate $20,000 worth of seed can only be c-onjectured. The Farm Labor Problem Early in the spring of 1917 the farm labor problem became very acute. Farmers hesitated to plant large acreage to crops for fear of an in- adequate supply of farm labor at harvesting. The demands of the munition factories with greater remuneration and the calls of the Army and Navy drew heavily upon rural districts. In many communities it was thought that there was not sufficient farmi labor to start the sea- son's crops. A campaign of education was necessary in order to explain first, the demands of the Government for men ; second, the necessity of utilizing all available farm labor in the community to the greatest advantage; and third, to show the possibilities of co-operation between the local towns and cities and the surrounding rural sections during harvest periods. This educational work was conducted by the Extension Service of the State College in co-operation with the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. The county agents spents much time throughout the season in mobilizing local labor and iu placing labor secured from outside sources. The Council of Defense was appealed to with a view of establishing a State bureau to aid the situation. On May 22, 1917, Mr. Rex E. Willard, Farm Help Specialist, was detailed by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture to co-operate with the State authorities to determine ways and means for satisfactorily handling the farm labor problem in the State. Later in the season, a farm labor bureau was established in Baltimore by the Agricultural Committee of the Council. Prior to Mr. Willard's arrival the agitation for farm labor caused the chairman of the then Maryland Preparedness and Survey Commission, Gen. Carl R. Gray, to authorize the formation of two units of the so- called Maryland Agricultural Army which were financed from private contributions Company A in charge of Captain E. J. O'Brien, located at Westminster, Carroll County, and Company B in charge of Lieut. G. J. Yockel, located at Galena, Kent County. These two companies had an initial enlistment of 100 men, 50 men to each company. Great difliculty was experienced in conducting these volunteer units. The men had not thoroughly understood working conditions in the country. Many were not familiar with farm work and the farmers were not prepared to give continuous employment to the men throughout a given period. Due to excessive overhead expenses, the camp in Kent County was discontinued August 25, 1917. Early in the season the B. F. Shriver Co., Westminster, took over the management and resix)nsibility of the camp established in Carroll County. This plan for relieving the farm labor shortage in any community was considered impractical by \irtue of the conditions surrounding its organization. 226 Mr. Willard and Mr. Wm. M. Hillegeist of the Extension Service spent considerable time in managing the details of conducting these camps. Farm Labor Bureau With availability of State Emergency funds, Dr. A. F. Woods, Chair- man of the agricultural committee, established headquarters for the farm labor bureau in Baltimore with Mr. Rex E. Willard in charge and Mr. W. M. Hillegeist as Assistant. This bureau was established to serve as a clearing house for assembling available farm labor in the cities and elsewhere and distributing the same to the sections of the State needing same. Much difficulty was experienced by the officials of the bureau in securing labor that was satisfactory to the average farmer. In many cases this was due to the inexperience of the labor and in others it was due to exactions or lack of consideration of the labor by the farmer. The officials of the farm labor bureau received reports from the county agents and supplied the demands as far as possible. The work of the bureau was a success in that it met the need of the period and demonstrated the many difficulties involved in the securing and placing of outside labor. Eight hundred and sixty-five men were placed by the bureau during the season. In addition, the bureau assisted the Boys' Working Reserve and other movements for rendering assistance in the emergency. August 22nd, Mr. Willard was recalled by the Etepartment of Agriculture to take up another assignment and Mr. Hillegeist suc- ceeded him as head of the bureau. The work of the bureau continued during the remainder of the 1917 season co-operating with the county agents in meeting fall needs of the farmers. While there was a real shortage of farm labor throughout the 1917 season, yet, through the generous and patriotic response of the farmers and their families, a large increased acreage of food products was raised and harvested. In no case was there a loss of any crop on account of lack of labor for harvesting. The special session of the State Legislature passed a compulsory work law that was enforced by the Council of Defense through the County officials. The moral effect of the law was good and its enforcement in many sections served the purpose of preventing idleness on the part of anyone. The county agents co-operated in bringing to the attention of the proper officials c^ses where men were not working six days per week. This law was an important factor in relieving the labor situation in several sections of the State. Control of Insect Pests During the early summer of 1917 some unusual outbreaks of insect pests occurred in the State. Through the agricultural committee of the Council of Defense funds were provided to enable the Extension forces to 227 render assistance in the suppression of these outbreaks and in promoting an educational campaign for the prevention and control of insect pests generall}'. When it is understood that there is annually a total loss of at least ten per cent., due to insect injury of agricultural products, the advantage of reducing that injury to the mininunn can be realized. A field Entomologist was employelice authorities and the station house magistrates who have, almost without exception, done everything in their power to make the Law effective as far as it was possible so to do. It was found necessary when the Law first went into effect to fre- quently advise the State's Attorneys and Sheriffs throughout the State in order that there might be uniformity in the handling of cases. Either the Director, or one of the Field Representatives, has many times person- ally conferred with State's Attorneys, Sheriffs, and many of the Justices of the Peace throughout the State in connection with a more energetic enforcement of the Law. This practice was started as soon as the Bureau was launched and has been persistently maintained. Our Field Representatives have not infrequently addressed, upon invitation, the employes in industrial plants in various parts of the State and explained to them the provisions of the Law with the view to securing the co-oper- ation of that large body of loyal workers whose industry and patriotism has so vitally contributed toward the success of the war. Placards calling attention to the requirements of the Compulsory Work Law and its penalties have been approved by the Bureau and placed in various industrial plants in Baltimore City, as well as in plants in other parts of the State; placards have also been placed in a number of the Counties; all without expense to the State. At the beginning, the small degree of interest and often the total lack of it, evidenced by the various State officials and the citizens of differ- ent communities in the enforcement of the Compulsory Work Law was rather hard to fathom, as it could reasonably be assumed that no com- munity would be willing to have idlers loafing around ; it might further be taken for granted that the patriotic citizens of any given locality would insist that there should be no ''work slackers" in their communi- ties. A careful study of the underlying reasons has convinced me that the causes for this attitude on the part of officials and citizens may be summed up under three general heads, to wit : Obstacle 1. Lack of public opinion to support officials who were willing to do their duty ; Obstacle 2. Petty politics ; Obstacle 3. Lack of knowledge on the part of citizens and officials as to the provisions of the Compulsory Work Law and its potentialities. For the first and third obstacles alwve mentioned a solvent was found in our educational program of persistently keejiing l)efore the communi- ties the reasons for the enactment of the Compulsory Work Law and the duty of all patriotic citizens to assist in its enforcement; and of course, 282 with the disappearance of obstacles one and three, obstacle two had no foundation to support it and disappeared in the same ratio. The reaction in favor of the Law began to assert itself last Spring and for sometime past most of the officials throughout the State, as well as citizens seem to have been solidly back of the Law. As a matter of fact, since it became known that the Bureau would cease functioning with the close of the year I have had expressions of regret not only from business men of Baltimore City, but from all over the State that the enforcement of the Law could be continued and the hope further expressed that some authority could be found for the enactment of peace-time legislation which would prevent idling. A very large measure of credit for the successful prosecution of the Compulsory Work Law properly belongs to the newspapers of the State of Maryland and our appreciation and thanks are hereby extended to them. The Press, as a whole, have given wide publicity to the Law and so far as I have been able to observe or ascertain have supported it. The Law has been enforced without fear or favor and both rich and poor who have come within its provisions have been treated on exactly the same basis, despite subtle suggestions in some cases (very few in number I am glad to say) that there should be a distinction. If any corroboration of this claim Is desired, those interested are referred to the news columns of the Press of the State for the past year. Special care was taken by the Bureau to prevent any injustice being caused under color of enforcing the Compulsory Work Law, and it is a source of particular gratification to be able to say that, so far as the Bureau has any official knowledge, there have been no arrests caused, unless upon reasonable grounds, by any of the representatives of the Bureau. The successful administration of the Maryland Compulsory Work Law has caused many other States to inaugurate similar legislation and, as stated in my annual report to you of August 19th, 1918, its importance as a valuable factor in the War Program has been officially recognized by the President of the United States as far back as May, 1918. at the time the Provost Marshal General of the United States issued his "Work or Fight" order. According to the copies of registration cards received by this Bureau from the clerks of the various Courts there have been registered 3,413 persons under the Compulsory Work Law. It has been necessary to arrest some persons more than once for violating the Compulsory Work Law and therefore we have actually received more registration cards than the foregoing number. The registrations in Baltimore City were as follows : Voluntary registrations 962 Arrests 876 Voluntary registrations 343 For the Counties : 1848 Arrests 1303 1646 Total 3484 283 The difference between 3413 and 3484 is accounted for by the arrests of persons more than once. Unfortunately the Magistrates throughout the State have not appreci- ated the importance of always filling out a registration card when a person has been convicted by them for violating the Compulsory Work Law, and this has resulted in a similar number of arrests being shown in our records. Investigation into this angle of the work has led me to believe that of the total arrests throughout the State for violations of the Compulsory Work Law, the Bureau has failed to receive registration cards equal in number to at least 20 per cent, of the 3,484 registrations heretofore mentioned ; adding this 20 per cent, we arrive at the figure of 4,180 as a reasonable total of cases handled throughout the State for the period the Compulsory Work Bureau was in existence. The personnel of the Compulsory Work Bureau at the time it closes is as follows : George A. Mahone, Director. Miss C. Leona Bass, Chief Clerk-Stenographer, since Aug. 27, 1917. Mark Jackson, Field Representative, since Aug, 25, 1917. Ch^arles C. Reisinger, Field Representative, since Jan. 21, 1918. William T. Collins, Field Representative, since Feb. 21, 1918. Edmund J. Flowden, Field Representative, since May 20, 1918. It gives me a great deal of pleasure to testify to the ability and con- scientious application to their respective duties of ray entire staff. I have never associated with a more loyal group of workers. Hours have meant nothing to them and they demonstrated in their work a degree of interest that can only be ascribed to their intense patriotism in the service in which they were engaged. Whatever success the Compulsory Work Bureau has achieved in the administration of the Law they have contributed their share. The cost of the administration of the Compulsory Work Bureau has been kept as low as was consistent with efliciency. The total expense down to and including December 31st, 1918 will not exceed $16,500.00, which divided by the estimated total of 4,180 cases handled by the Bureau represents a cost per capita of $3.86. We might, of course, roam afar In the speculative field of economics in determining on a "dollar" basis what value the Compulsory Work Law has been to the State of Mary- land ; but, if we should even assume that, as a result of the application of the Compulsory Work Law to the estimated 4,180 cases handled, each one of these men contributed one week's work more than he would have contributed if the Law had not been in force, the value of the Law is at once apparent. All of this, of course, is aside from the immense value of tBe Law in having kept at work men who would otherwise have been Inclined to work less regularly. It would indeed be remiss if I did not take this occasion to express to the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense, and particularly to his Excellency, The Governor, and yourself as Chairman of the Executive Committee, my profound appreciation of the manner in which you have supported and reinforced my efforts to administer the Compulsory Work Law. Very truly yours, GEORGE A. MAHONE, 284 Director. Appendix U The Maryland Council's Effort to Increase the Supply of Nurses During the War Period In the Spring of 1918 reports came to the Council of Defense from different parts of the State and from Baltimore City that it was practi- cally impossible to secure the services of nurses, even in critical cases. The Chairman requested the interest and co-operation of Dr. John S. Fulton, secretary of the State Department of Health, and Dr. C. Hamp- son Jones, chief of the Bureau of Communicable Diseases. Dr. Jones obtained from the hospitals of Baltimore reports of the numbers of their nurses in 1918 as compared with 1917, as follows : Internes Trained Nurses 1917 1918 1917 1918 Johns Hopkins Hospital 67 45 52 40 Hebrew Hospital 12 6 8 8 Hahnemann General Hospital 2 1 6 5 *St. Agnes Hospital 10 2 11 5 Union Protestant Infirmary 7 4 6 5 Municipal Hospital 10 2 9 6 St. Joseph's Hospital 9 5 98 111 Mercy Hospital 15 8 77 61 ♦♦Franklin Square Hospital 5 4 4 4 Medical Students Johns Hopkins 368 369 University of Maryland 298 266 ♦St. Agnes Hospital. Of this number 2 were student internes. ♦♦Franklin Square Hospital. Of this number 2 were student internes. The Chairman of the Maryland Council of Defense to the Council of National Defense July 19, 1918. Council of National Defense, State Councils Section, Mr. Arthur H. Fleming, Chief of Section, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir : — Referring to your Bulletin relating to the proposed enrollment of women to be trained as nurses, I beg to ask whether these nurses are to be used exclusively in the nursing of those connected directly in the Government service and the families thereof, to the exclusion of the use of such nurses by civilians who are not connected with the service? We, of course, can be depended upon to co-operate in securing the enrollment of women for nurses. 285 We wish to say, however, that the scarcity of trained nurses in this State for use by the general public has been increased to the extent of making it extremely difficult, especially by those who are located in rural districts, to secure the services of competent persons in that line. To overcome this local shortage, has been an object which this Council has considered, and it has taken some steps to that end. We are engaged in laying the ground for courses of training of a short period, hoping to use the hospitals throughout the State for that purpose, to the end that should emergencies arise by which the services of a graduated, trained nurse could not be secured, that there might be those who have had at least some training that would tend to ameliorate such a condition. That we may fully understand what is expected of us, and to prevent duplication of work, we would like to ask if the Government's plans for the training of nurses will provide for such emergencies as we in this State have started out to provide for locally, as above outlined? Yours very truly, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman. Reply to the Letter of the Chairman COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Medical Section Washington July 27, 1918. From Dr. Franklin Martin, Member of Advisory Commission. To : Mr. F. E. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. Subject: Campaign for Recruiting Student Nurses. 1. Your letter of July 19th, addressed to Mr. Arthur H. Fleming, State Councils Section, Council of National Defense, has been referred to this office for answer to that paragraph of your letter which refers to the local shortage of graduate nurses, and the steps which your Council has been considering for the relief of the situation. 2. The Committee on Nursing is of the opinion that the inauguration of short courses in connection with an established training school for nurses is very inadvisable. The reasons for this are as follows. 3. As regards your own situation, for instance, no short course will supply graduate nurses. Only an adequate course of training produces a graduate nurse. 4. Short courses in connection with established training schools in the good hospitals increases the responsibility of the instructors ; necessitates the employment of i dditional instructors who might otherwise be enroll- ed for military service, and interfere with the training of the regular student body. 280 5. The Red Cross is asking the public to forego the luxury of employ- ment of graduate nurses for special duty, except in extreme cases, and suggests the more general use of the visiting nurses, the hourly nurse service, and hospital service of pupil nurse service under adequate super- vision. 6. As you know, the Red Cross accepts for enrollment in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps only graduates of accredited training schools. It would seem very unwise at this time, when a national campaign is in progress for recruiting a Student Nurse Reserve, to undertake anything which would detract from the success of this campaign. A short course would not increase your supply of graduate nurse and would deflect a number of serious minded candidates who might otherwise take the full course of training. On the other hand, might it not, by reason of its shortness attract a larger number of less desirable applicants. 7. May we not ask for your assistance in maintaining the educational standards in nursing which have been and are being carefully built up; and may we have your full co-operation with the Woman's Committee of your State Council in the present campaign for the enrollment of 25,000 U. S. Student Nurse Reserves? By direction of Dr. Franklin Martin : ELLA PHILLIPS CRANDALL, Secretary, Committee on Nursing, General Medical Board. The Chairman to Dr. Franklin Martin August 16, 1918. Council of National Defense, Medical Section, Dr. Franklin Martin, Member of Advisory Commission, Washington, D. C. Dear Doctor : — 1. Your letter of the 27th ulto. has not been earlier acknowledged for the reason that I did not care to do so until after the period for the campaign of the Government for the enrollment of nurses, for fear that what I am about to say might be construed in some way as interfering with, or lacking in support of, the campaign, which I deeply regret was not more successful. 2. The Maryland Council of Defense regrets very much that it feels constrained to differ with your views, as expressed in your letter, in respect to the advantages of having short intensive training courses for nurses. 3. As regards our own situation, we quite understand of course that you are right, that no short course will supply graduate nurses, and that only an adequate course of training produces a graduate nurse. 4. We hold, however, that whilst we would much prefer to have graduate nurses, to provide for conditions when they cannot be had, It is 287 incumbent upon us if possible, to provide the next best thing to a gradu- ate nurse, and we do not know bow to accomplish this other than through a short course of intensive training of those willing and com- petent to take the training and perform the service. We are also of the opinion that there are perhaps in Maryland quite a number of serious minded, fine women who might be secured to enlist for such service if they were assured of the need of their doing so, who might not be willing or in a position to enlist for a long term of training. 5. We are not looking to provide luxuries, as your letter would indi- cate, but to provide for necessities, and the fact that the Red Cross accepts for enrollment in the Army and Navy service only graduates of a training school, it occurs to us, makes it more imperative that such nurses as can be trained in a short period should be provided to take care of the civil population who are not connected with the U. S. Service and to provide such sei-vice we do not see that your suggestion that the more general use of the visiting nurses, the hourly nurse service and the hospital service of pupil nurse service under adequate supervision, can be made to meet the situation v^'hich we have in mind. As an illustra- tUm, neither the visiting nurse, the hourly nurse, nor the pupil nurse un- der adequate supervision could be used for isolated sections in the rural districts of the State. 6. We feel that those at the front are entitled to have the very best service possible, of every kind, even though this takes every registered nurse from the country to France, but, because this is so does not justify us in the thought that those who remain at home, among whom illness is just as certain to prevail in the future as it has in the past, and the necessity of nursing be just as imperative in the future as it has been in the past, that some provision should not be made to take care of them as best we can. It does not seem possible that registered nurses can be provided for all. 7. We express to you our thoughts frankly in regard to the matter, and would be glad to have any further suggestions from you to lead us in the right path if we are not thereupon. 8. We would not have you construe our position as being one where we wish to tear down standards. We want to do all that we can to aid those at the front and those at home, and we would thank you very much to give this matter further consideration and kindly write us your turther views in respect to it. 9. We feel there is no time to be lost, and if it is possible for any- thing to be done to meet such emergencies as we have in mind and as herein outlined, steps should be taken to that end without delay. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Yours truly, F^RANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman. 288 The Chairman to the Council of National Defense National Council of Defense, August 16, 1918. State Councils Section, Mr. A. H. Fleming, Chief of Section, "Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Fleming: — I wrote you on July 19th, and received a letter from Dr. Franklin Martin, to whom my letter had been referred, copy of which letter from Dr. Martin I enclose herewith together with copy of my reply to it. The suggestion that Dr. Martin makes, that we make no provision for training nurses by short courses of intensive training, is not at all in conformity with the views of our Council, nor with the views of prominent physicians in this section with whom I have talked. It seems to me to be imperative that either locally or through govern- mental aid, we must have nurses other than trained nurses, of whom there does not seem to be enough even now, to take care of our sick at home, where necessity demands the services of a nurse. I asked in my letter to you whether or not the nurses which the Government would enroll, were to take care of this situation, but Dr. Martin does not reply to that part of my letter, nor has it been replied to. We do not wish to do anything in opposition to the views of the National Council of Defense, but once again we are asking you to take this matter up and to let us have your further views in respect thereto. Yours very truly. FRANCIS E. WATERS, CMirman. Reply of Mr. Arthur H. Fleming COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington State Councils Section, August 17th, 1918. State Council of Defense, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland. Gentlemen : — Attention Gen. F. E. Waters Your letter of August 16th, enclosing copies of your correspondence with Dr. Franklin Martin, has come to our ofiBce at the end of the week when it is impossible to arrange for a personal conference with the authorities on the General Medical Board who are concerned. Our present letter, therefore, is little more than a note of acknowledge- ment. We feel very strongly, however, that the basic principles with regard to the training of nurses should be worked out along national lines. Action in any one State contrary to these principles might seriously embarrass the situation elsewhere. You will remember that this Section sent out a bulletin (No. 71) on August 13th, on this subject. 289 You will doubtless hear from Dr. Franklin Martin directly. In any event, we shall take up this matter with him and with the Committee on Nursing. We sincerely hope that a report will be made that will be satisfactory to you. We hope also that in the interest of smooth develop- ment of policies throughout the country, that Maryland will not en- courage state training of nurses which is not in accordance with these national policies. Very truly yours, ARTHUR H. FL-EMING, Chief of Section. Reply of Dr. Franklin Martin COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Medical Section Washington From : Dr. Franklin Martin, Member of Advisory Commission. August 31, 1918. To : Gen. Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Executive Committee, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. Subject: Courses in Nursing. 1. Reply to your letter of August 16th has been delayed in the ex- pectation of a meeting of the Committee on Nursing. Until that time, there seems nothing further to be said inasmuch as the present position of the Committee on Nursing with regard to the adoption of short courses established in training schools for nurses was fully stated in a letter to you under date of July 27th. 2. While the thoughts which you have frankly expressed will be given full consideration, we are glad to note that you do not "wish to tear down standards." Meanwhile, your loyal support of the National Advisory Committee will be greatly appreciated. ELLA PHILLIP CRANDALL, PHB., Committee on Nursing General Medical Board. 290 Appendix V Non-War Construction— The Work at Mount Vernon Place WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, PRIORITIES DIVISION, WASHINGTON September 12, 1918. From : Non-War Construction Section, Priorities Division. To: Chairman, State Council of Defense, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. Subject: Street Improvements, Baltimore. 1. Our attention has been called to the fact that the City of Balti- more is going ahead in improving Mount Vernon Place Square and the Sunken Garden along St. Paul Street. 2. Will you kindly take this matter up with the City authorities in accordance with Circular No. 21, showing them the Circular and explain- ing to them that the War Industries Board does not look with favor upon the doing of any work of this nature that can be postponed until after the war shall have been won. The labor shortage is very acute and is rapidly becoming more so, and we think it ought to be entirely practicable to defer this work. 3. We have requested Mr. C. A. Otis, Chief of the Resources and Conversion Section, to ask his Regional Director at Baltimore to co- operate with you in this matter. 4. We shall be glad to hear from you after you have had time to go into it. D. R. McLENNAN, €Mef of the Non-Wwr Construction Section. 291 War Industries Board, Priorities Division, Mr. D. R. McLean, Chief of Non-War Construction Section, Washington, D. C. Subject: Municipal Improvements in Baltimore, Md. Sir: Replying further to yours of the 12th Inst. 1. Permit me to say that you are not asking us in your letter to do anything in respect to the above subject that has not already been done. On or about April 27th, we sent to the Mayor of Baltimore a circular issued by the Maryland Council of Defense, addressed to all its mem- bers and representatives, embracing in it the resolution passed by the War Industries Board (March 21st, 1918). to which we refer. We enclose copy of our circular referred to in this paragraph. 2. We enclose you copy of resolution passed by the Maryland Council of Defense, protesting against any action of the City of Baltimore in violation of, or contrary to the spirit of the resolution passed by the War Industries Board on March 21st, 191 S, which resolution is also referred to in your circular No. 21. Copy of resolution referred to in this paragraph as having been passed by this Council was sent to the Mayor of Baltimore. 3. We also enclose you copy of Mayor Preston's letter in reply thereto. 4. You are properly informed, however, in respect to the fact that the work referred to in your letter is still being prosecuted by the City of Baltimore. 5. Having taken all the steps which you suggest in your letter of the 12th Inst., to stop this work, we deem it to be useless to undertake to do so by following the same lines. 6. We would suggest for your consideration that any means recom- mended by you to have this municipal work stopped, should have behind them some power of enforcement. Yours very truly. FRANCIS E. W^\TERS, Chainrmn. ENCLOSURES IN LETTEPv TO WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD April 27, 1918. To All Members and Representatives of the Maryland Council of Defense: At the request of the Council of National Defense I ask your particular attention to the resolutions passed by the War Industries Board on the discouragement of new enterprises not essential to the war. These reso- lutions are given below and you are requested to read them carefully and to discuss them with the people of your community. Very truly yours, FRANCIS E. WWTERS, Chairman of Mari/land CounHl of Defense. 292 Resolution Passed By The War Industries Board : Whereas, It has come to the notice of this Board that new industrial corporations are being organized in different sections of the United States for the erection of industrial plants which cannot be utilized in the prosecution of the war ; and Whereas, Plans are being considered by certain states, counties, cities and towns for the construction of public buildings and other improve- ments which will not contribute toward winning the war; and Wherblas, The carrying forward of these activities will involve the utilization of labor, materials and capital urgently required for war purposes : Now Therefore, Be It Resolved, by the War Industries Board that in the public interest, all new undertakings not essential to and not contri- buting either directly or indirectly toward winning the war, which in- volve the utilization of labor, material and capital required in the pro- duction, supply or distribution of direct or indirect war needs, will be discouraged, notwithstanding they may be of local importance and of a character which should in normal times meet with every encouragement. Be It Further Resolved, That in fairness to those interested therein, notice is hereby given that this Board will withhold from such projects priority assistance, without which new construction of the character mentioned will frequently be found impracticable, and that this notice shall be given wide publicity, that all parties interested in such under- takings may be fully apprised of the difficulties and delays to which they will be subjected and embark upon them at their peril. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EXECUTIVE (X)MMITTEE OF THE MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE AT THE REGULAR MEETING HELD MAY 1st, 1918 Whereas, The Council of National Defense and the War Industries Board have distinctly protested against "all new undertakings not essen- tial to and not contributing either directly or indirectly toward winning the war, which involve the utilization of labor, material and capital re- quired in the production, supply or distribution of direct or indirect war needs, notwithstanding they may be of local importance, and of a char- acter which should in normal times meet with every encouragement :" Resolved; That the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense does hereby protest against any action of the City of Baltimore in violation of or contrary to the spirit of said instructions of the National Council of Defense and the War Industries Board ; and Resolved ; That a copy of these resolutions be sent to his Honor, the Mayor of Baltimore, and to the Board of Estimates. LYNN R. MEEKINS, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Secretary. Chairman. 293 MAYOR'S OFFICE, BALTIMORE General Francis E. Waters, May 6, 1918. 703 Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. My dear General Waters : — I have the resolution of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense and letter from your Secretary, Mr. Lynn R. Meekins. I am quite in sympathy with the spirit of the resolution. The City has already postponed its entire paving program, both in the City proper and the Annex, is doing no new water construction work whatever, is reducing its engineering forces of all classes, has reduced more than twenty-five per cent, its street cleaning forces, — all in the effort to conserve labor in the interest of war work. The development at Mount Vernon Place, however, is a cut stone proposition. The stone is Beaver Dam and already here on the ground and the men who will do the work are high price skilled workmen for whose services there is no demand by the Government. Stone work is cheaper now than it was before the war for the reason that there is n^w but little stone construction work under way, either by the Govern- ment or by private individuals. The Mount Vernon Place development has been undertaken at the request of the Municipal Art Commission, headed by Mr. Theodore Man- burg, the Park Board, the City Planning Commission, and at a meeting held April 5th, all of the following gentlemen, who were present, strongly urged the development : Messrs. John R. Bland, Waldo Newcomer, W. W. Abell, R. Brent Keyser, General Felix Agnus, Blanchard Randall, H. Crawford Black, Josiah Pennington, John Hubert, Miles White, Judge Harlan, Gov. Bdwin Warfield. We are all very strongly in sympathy with every movement which has for its purpose the winning of the war and the conservation of energy and material, but I apprehend that this does not mean that work shall stop that bears no relation to the progress of the war. Yours very truly, JAMES H. PRESTON, Mayor. P. S. — I would call your further attention to the fact that our con- struction work on the Civic Center east of Gay Street has been entirely suspended because it involved very considerable labor and material out- tut that might be regarded as in some sense in competition with Govern ent work. 294 OITY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND— MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS May 8, 1918. Mr. Lynn R. Meeklns, Secretary, Maryland Council of Defense, 703 Union Trust Building, City. Dear Sir:— The Board acknowledges receipt of Resolution, in regard to the pro- posed improvements for Mt. Vernon Square, and begs to assure you that the subject will receive due consideartion. Yours very truly, BOARD OF ESTIMATES, Per C. H. SUMWALT, Clerk. B. M. Baruch, Chairman. C. A. Otis, Chief of Section. WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD Resources and Conversion Section Maryland — Virginia, Region No. 11 Headquarters, Baltimore, Md. Regional Advisor Frank S. Chavannes September 18, 1918. To: General Francis E. Waters, From : F. S. Chavannes, Subject: Street Improvements in Baltimore. Dear Sir: — I am today in receipt of a letter from Mr. Charles A. Otis, Chief, Resources and Conversion Section, War Industries Board, enclosing copy oi letter to him under date of September 12th, from the Non-War Con- struction Section, Priorities Division, also copy of letter to you under same date, relative to the above subject. In the letter from the Non-War Construction Section, Mr. Otis is requested to write to me to get in touch with you regarding the con- templated improvements at Mt. Vernon Place Square, and the sunken garden along St. Paul Street. It is my understanding that request was made to His Honor, the Mayor, that this would be discontinued, but that he has not recognized the necessity of doing so, and the work is now proceeding. This is to advise you that I shall be glad to co-operate with you to the fullest extent, and as this work comes under your jurisdiction, shall await further advices. I am not advised as to how far the material required for this project has been provided for. The non-delivery of the necessary material would be the most efficacious way of bringing the work to a stop, if the materials are not in hand. Awaiting your further advices and convenience in the matter, I am. Very truly yours, F. S. CHAVANNES, Regional Adi)isor. 295 September 19, 1918. War Industries Board, Resources and Conversion Section, Mr. F. S. Chavannes, Regional Advisor, 109-111 E. Redwood St., City. Subject : Street Improvements in Baltimore. Dear Sir: — Acknowledging receipt of yours of the ISth inst., beg to say the Mary- land Council of Defense will be very glad to co-operate with you in respect to this matter, and to that end I will be glad to have you call and afford me an opportunity to submit to you such records concerning the same as I have in this office. Yours very truly, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairmen. MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, BALTIMORE BUILDINGS POSTPONED IN MARYLAND Reports received in January, 1919, show that 18 building and other construction projects in the State have been indefinitely postponed on account of war conditions. Five were under way and 35 were to be taken up during the year, making a total of 58 projects valued approximately at $14,615,000. Twenty-three of these projects, aggregating $8,620,000 in value, were public works ; eight being street improvements estimated to cost $6,150,000 and six schools estimated to cost $115,000. (Statistics specially compiled by the Division of Public Works and Construction Development, U. S. Dept. of Labor, April 17, 1919.) Appendix W Colored Division, by Dr. Ernest Lyon The Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense is com- posed of men and women of the colored race, representing every branch of professional and economic life in the State. The chief officers are : Dr. Ernest Lyon, former United States minister, resident and consul-general to Liberia, state chairman ; Rev. Dr. A. L. Gaines, treasurer ; Professor H. M. Gross, secretary ; Miss Ida R. Cum- mings, chairman of the Woman's Division, and H. M. St. Clair, of Cam- bridge, first vice-chairman. The division since its organization has yielded cheerful obedience and loyal support to the program of defense as outlined by the National and State Governments. It has by public meetings throughout the city and State, inspired the patriotism of the race, which has shown itself in genuine and tangible contributions to the war program in the giving up of the sons for service at the front; by the purchase of Thrift and 296 United States War Savings Stamps; by liearty compliance with the doctrine of conservation as announced by the Food and Fuel Administra- tors; by renewed energy and interest in farm and agricultural products for the increase of food supplies ; by the dissemination of patriotic prin- ciples through the spoken and written word from the platform and through the press, in order that the race might maintain the traditions of its ancestors as a dependable element In times of peace and a fighting asset in times of war. It is impossible to give an accurate and concrete report of the contri- bution of service, money and energy of the colored race in Maryland, since the division was commissioned by Governor Harrington, but these few items which are matters of record will furnish evidence of its activity and co-operation with the white people of the State. In the three Liberty Loan campaigns the colored people of the State purchased and subscribed to $2,000,000; Red Cross membership fee and other con- tributions to the general war fund, $65,000; Thrift and United States War Savings Stamps, $100,000; the Woman's Division has made and dis- tributed to the enlisted men, not only of Maryland, but of other States, 2,000 sweaters, wristlets, socks, etc. It has prepared and distributed 1,500 comfort kits at an average cost of 70 cents per kit ; it has contri- buted through its affiliated organizations for musical instruments, pianos, recreation, etc., $1,500. It has held and addressed about 150 public meetings. It has sent out, since January, about 5,000 pieces of literature, n has kept up continuous office correspondence, which has steadily in- creased in volume. Long before the Federal Government had provided for the recreation of the colored soldiers at Camp Meade, the Colored Division had perfected plans for their recreation and moral supervision through the good offices of the ministers of the city and their patriotic followers and the presidents of clubs and benevolent organizations, who placed at their disposal their lecture rooms and club houses for the us© and comfort of the soldiers. Under its various departments, labor problems, home economics, con-, servation of food supplies and fuel, legal aspects of registrants, etc., have been considered and looked after. The work done and the interest conserved have won for this division the praise and commendation of both Governor Harrington and the Executive Committee through General Waters, its chairman. The division closed what has become a part of Maryland's history, a State-wide Farmers' Exhibition and Conference. It brought together a great concourse of colored people. It was liberally patronized by the white people. The Governors of New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, "Virginia and West Virginia sent prominent colored men to represent their respective commonwealths at the conference. Governor Harring- ton opened the conference Monday, September 16, 1918, with a great address, which has been widely circulated and favorably commented upon. The press has been unanimous in acknowledging that the event 297 was not only one of the most creditable, but one of the most profitable in the history of the colored people of the State. The Colored Divsiou and the Women's Section of the same provided a suu parlor for convalescents at Camp Meade, maintained rest rooms ead a Y. M. C. A. in Baltimore, and took good care of all colored soldiers. Letter of Dr. Lyon to the Chairman April 2, 1918. Gen. Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Executive Committee, Maryland Council of Defense, 703 Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland. Sir:— The Colored Women's Section ul the Council of Defense has just secured a building on South Eutaw Street, not very far from the tem- porary ticket office of the Camp Meade Depot in Baltimore, vi'hich can Be used for the accommodation of the soldiers coming from Camp Meade. The Women's attention was called to it by the White Women's Defense Council. In fact, it was through their influence that the place was secured. The women propose to put the building in condition so as to be able to furnish the soldiers coming in from Camp Meade with a light lunch, coffee, and sandwiches, and also a rest place for reading, etc. It will require about two hundred and fifty dollars ($250) to equip the place. The Colored Women's Division has been very little expense to the Council. I have inspected the place and have gone pi-etty thoroughly over the situation. If we can equip this place it will minimize the temptation offered to the soldiers to secure refreshments, etc., at cafes and many questionable places opened to them in the city, which are accepted because of the absence of such a place as we propose to establish. I am therefore ■making the request if it can be done that two hundred and fifty dollars ($250) be allowed for the purpose aforementioned. Very respectfully, ERNEST LYON, Chuirman. A. L. GAINES, Treasurer. This appropriation was made as requested. Letter of Officers to the Chairman March 4, 1918. Gen. Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Executive Committee, Maryland Council of Defense, 902 Union Trust Building, Dear Sir: — That you may have some definite idea as to the work and activities of the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense, we beg to call your attention to the following definite work done by our Council since its organization : 298 1. rmring the recent Liberty Loan our Council was requested to assume the work of interesting the colored people in the loan. The mag- nificent results have been published in the daily papers. 2. When representatives of the I. W. W. were in the city for the purpose of creating discontent among the colored laborers in order to impede the progress of Governmental contracts, Mr. A. S. Goldsborough called upon the Council of Defense to counteract the efforts of the I. W. W. agents. The results of the Council are on file in the office of Mr. Goldsborough. 3. When the Red Cross Membership Campaign was on, the Campaign Committee called on our Council to conduct the campaign among the colored people. The results of our efforts in this line were publicly acknowledged in the newspapers by the General Red Cross Membership Campaign Committee. 4. The United States Government War Savings Committee, under the direction of Mr. W. Bladen Lowndes, is at present conducting a cam- paign among the colored people through our Council with the colored headquarters located at 608 N. Eutaw St. 5. On February 22, when four hundred colored soldiers from Camp Meade, under the direction of white officers, came to the city for a bene- fit entertainment at the Richmond Market Armory, our Council received them at the station, escorted them to Metropolitan M. E. Church on Orchard St., where the Women's Section of our Council served them a luncheon and otherwise looked after their entertainment during the time intervening between their arrival in the city and the time for the benefit at Richmond Market Armory. 6. On January 16th, a State-wide meeting of the city and county Commissioners was held, the results of which were most gratifying and stimulating. (A) 11 A. M. the male Commissioners from the city and counties assembled in Sharp St. M. E. Church. The County Commissioners made gratifying reports of the activities in the counties. The Chairman of the Colored Division gave a summary of the work accomplished by the Council. An inspiring address was delivered by Former Governor Phillips Lee Goldsborough. (B) At 3 P. M., the Women's Section under Miss Ida R. Cummings, held its conference. The reports submitted by the various departments and clubs affiliating with the Women's Section showed that this section of the Colored Council is engaged in every phase of war activities, in- cluding Red Cross work, knitting, food conservation, education, etc. The Women's Section was addressed by Mr. Osborne I. Yellott, representing the United States Government War Savings Committee. (C) At night a mammoth patriotic meeting was held at Albaugh's Theatre and was addressed by His Excellency, Emerson C. Harrington and Mr. Emmett J. Scott, Special Assistant of Mr. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, with special authority to speak for the United States Secretary of War. 299 7. Our Council has been recently called upon by the Medical Staff of the colored hospital at Camp Meade, to construct in connection with the hospital a Sun Parlor for the health of colored soldiers recovering from pneumonia. Our Council is engaged in private subscriptions for that purpose. 8. The Hon. Francis M. Jencks, President of the Maryland Branch of the National Defense League, called upon our Council to inaugurate for colored men of draft age a school of instruction in United States military war training. Our Council has launched this class and at Richmond Market Armory a class of one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred colored men are being trained by United States Army Officers twice a week. We beg to report that when the next draft is called practically all of these colored men of draft age will be prepared to assume th© duties of non-commissioned officers. 9. Through the efforts of our Council and its allied organizations, two pianos have been furnished the Y. M. C. A. buildings at Camp Meade and the instruments for a regimental brass band have been provided. Aside from the above specific engagements of our Council, the work of organizing the counties by districts, the arrangements for meetings in the city and counties, the supplying of speakers through our Speakers' Bureau, the many requests that have come to our Council for information and help of various kinds from colored soldiers for their dependencies, have involved an amount of labor and correspondence beyond the ex- pectation of the Executive Officers of our Council. The work has proven arduous and exacting beyond our thought. It has imposed upon the Executive Officers of the Council duties and responsibilities that have been a severe tax on their patriotism. Respectfully, ERNEST LYON, Chairman. H. M. GROSS, Secretary. A. L. GAINES, Treasurer. MARYLAND COUNCIL OP DEFENSE, BALTIMORE March 8, 1918. Maryland Council of Defense, Dr. Ernest Lyon, Chairman, Colored Division, 421 Druid Hill Ave., City. Dear Sir: — I beg to acknowledge receipt of your very comprehensive report of the 4th iiist., as to the work and activities of your di\asion of the M'aryland Council of Defense, and to congratulate you and your associ- ates upon the excellent results which you are obtaining. On the 5th inst. our section of the Maryland Council held a meeting here, nearly all of the counties being represented, and it gave me a great deal of pleasure to make public to them your letter, which I had read at the meeting; it was very well received, and the work being done by 300 you as Indicated in it, complimented. I am also sending a copy of your letter to tlie National Council of Defense. Yours very truly, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman, Letter and Statement of Dr. Lyon December 20, 1917. President and Members of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense. Gentlemen : — We have planned to hold a general conference of the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense on Wednesday, January 16, 1918. It is our purpose to have such a meeting as will impress itself upon the city and state. We plan to have a business session for the men in the forenoon and one for the women in the afternoon ; and at night a great demonstration and public meeting at Albaugh's Theatre. The Hon. Emmet J. Scott, recently appointed Assistant to the Secretary of War, has been assigned by Secretary Baker to represent the War Department to be the principal speaker. His presence will inspire the colored people as he was appointed by the President to advise Mr. Baker on matters pertaining to colored people during the war. In order to carry out our program — to secure the theatre, music and other items necessary to make the demonstration a success, we respectfully ask that an amount of three hundred dollars ($300) be appropriated — this amount to be subject to the order of the Chairman after proper vouchers shall have been presented to your Secretary. We believe that the returns from the conference and meeting at the theatre will justify the expenditure of this amount. I have already given my personal check for twenty-five dollars ($25), the deposit necessary to bind the agreement for the theatre which will cost one hundred and twenty-flve dollars ($125) for the night. Up to this time, there has been no general gathering of the colored people for patriotic instructions. We had planned our smaller meetings with the view of this large central meeting. The acceptance of Mr. Scott and other distinguished charaters, whom we hope to get, will add much to the occasion. We trust, therefore, that the Committee will see its way clear to make the appropriation asked for. Attached is a partial summary of the work to December 15th. Very respectfully, ERNEST LYON, Chairtn'On. Thifi appropriation was made. 301 A Partial Summary of the Work of the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense to Dec. 15th As soon as the Commission was named by Governor Harrington official endorsement of the Council was given by the Baltimore African Metho- dist Episcopal Conference, the Methodist Episcopal Preachers' Meeting, the Ministerial Alliance of Baltimore City, composed of all the colored denominations of the city, the various other colored denominational Preachers' Meetings, the School Masters Club of Baltimore, the Mary- laud Teachers* Association and various other associations. The colored women of the city and State have been commissioned by Governor Harrington with Miss Ida K. Cummings as Chairman, to act as an auxiliary to the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense. In order that the colored people of the city and State might be aroused to do their part in the war by way of constancy in labor, conservation of food and manifestation of patriotism, public meetings have been held and are planned throughout the city and State and are being addressed by representatives of the Council furnished by its Speakers' Bureau. When the Second Bond Issue Campaign was instituted, Hon. Phillips l.ee Goldsborough called to his assistance the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense and by public meetings and otherwise, the colored people of the city were induced to purchase bonds amounting to nearly $20,000. This does not include the amount of bonds purchased by individuals of color on their own initiative through banks and trust companies. When information was obtained by the Civic and Industrial Bureau that agents of the I. W. W. were in the city in an effort to create dis- satisfaction among colored laborers and thus impede the progress of governmental contracts, Mr. A. S. Goldsborough, Director of the Civic and Industrial Bureau, called upon the Colored Council to counteract this effort. Immediately the machinery of the Colored Council was put in action and in twenty-four hours nearly one hundred and fifty colored ministers were actively engaged in counteracting the efforts of the repre- sentatives of the I. W. W. by advising the men of their congregation not to be used as dupes and tools by the unpatriotic representatives of the I. W. W. The activities and patriotic services of the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense have reached the attention of the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. He has arranged to have Mr. Emmet J. Scott, Special Agent of the War Department, to personally represent him at a mass meeting to be held in the City of Baltimore, January 16fh, in connection with the general conference to convene on the same date. 302 Through the Colored Division of the Maryland Council of Defense, the Hon. Francis M. Jencks, President of the Maryland League for National Defense, opportunity has been given colored men of draft age to take the National Training Course. This work among colored men of draft age has been committeed to a special committee of the Colored Council. The committee is : Ernest Lyon, A. L. Gaines, H. M. Gross, E. B. Taylor, Mason A. Hawkins, R. W. S. Thomas, George A. Watty, Junius Gray, George B. Murphy. A mass meeting for the purpose of inaugurating this course vv'as held Thursday night at Trinity African Methodist Episcopal Church, Biddle St. and Linden Ave. Former Governor Golds- borough, Hon. Francis M. Jencks, Mr. E. A. Derr, and W. Ashbie Haw- kins, Esq., delivered addresses. The Colored Council through its Library Committee is making efforts to supply text books to the colored illiterates at Camp Meade, having been informed that the colored officers will volunteer their services in Instruction if books are provided. The Council members, both male and female, are at present conducting the Red Cross Membership Campaign among the colored people of Baltimore City under a call from the Judge John C. Rose, to the chairman with his urgent request that the colored people of Baltimore do their share In this most laudable and philanthropic work. In order to carry on the above and other activities of the Council an amount of cor- respondence, clerical work, time and postage has been necessary beyond our expectation and calculation. For the executive management of the same, much of the time of the Chairman and Treasurer has had to be given entirely to this work. Appendix X Report of Chas. E. Pritchett, Chief of Police, Camp Meade, Md., from September 25, 1917, TO September i, 19 19 To the Maryland Council and the Honorable Gov. Emerson C. Harrington : My territory takes in Camp Meade and a five mile zone. This is an idea of the distance around the Camp : Beginning at Odenton, from Odenton to Academy Junction, from Academy Junction to Waterbury, from Waterbury to Pautuxant, from Pautuxant to Laurel, from Laurel to Annapolis Junction, from Annapolis Junction to Jessups, from Jessups to Severn, from Severn back to Odenton. I have performed my duties as an officer to the best of my ability. I have made 191 arrests that were fiueable and have turned over to Police Justice John A. Watts, $1,140.70 for fines and costs. Five (5) prisoners to the House of Correction. One murderer and three (3) pick-pockets to the Court of Annapolis, also served as an officer at the inquest of six (6) deaths by railroad accident, I have had a number of civic cases to 303 attend to, that are too numerous to mention. I have had papers to serve in and tluough the Oamp nearly every day, such as an olHcer's work requires. I have given you an idea of the work I have done and what an officer's work is at Camp Meade. CHAS. G. PRITCHETT, Chief of Police, Camp Meade, Md. Appendix Y Commendations of Work and Publications of THE Maryland Council From the National Council Your letter of March 18 and the Bulletin of the Maryland Council, Volume 1, No. 2, have been received. It was with great interest that I read through General Waters' complete report of the activities of the State Council to date. The clarity with which each activity was stated and the all inclusiveness of the report present in fine style the work that the Maryland Council has been accomplishing. I cannot praise too highly the report of the Women's Section in this same issue of the Bulletin. It brings to us a great deal of material which will be collated in our files and which we can use in advising other States and County t!ouncils of Defense. With regard to the form and style of the Bulletin, I have nothing to suggest. It makes an impression of dignity. Chief of Section, STATE COUNCILS SECTION. • COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, For our purpose, nothing could be better than the present Maryland Bulletin. It gives us that information about your State which the departments here find so necessary for effective co-operation. ELLIOTT DUNLAP SMITH, Director, Information Department, Council of National Defense. From State Councils We have received a copy of your latest Bulletin, containing the report that covers the work during ]!>17 done by the Maryland Council of Defense. We have read it with care, and are very grateful to you for sending it to us. We cannot speak in too high praise for the tremendous amount of detail which your State Council has handled ; especially are we impressed with your Compulsory Work Bui'eau, something that has not yet been handled in this State. STATE OF MAINE, COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY. 304 The Bulletin is a very interesting one and the efforts of the State Council seem to be most extensive and effective. The report is one in which you can take much pride. THE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. We have the reports of the work done by the Maryland Council of Defense. It is excellent. MISSOURI COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. The first copies of the Bulletin of the Maryland Council of Defense received by us have been extremely helpful. The Bulletin is attractive, substantial, informative and inspiring. The report of Maryland's work during 1917 given in issue No. 2 should be a matter of pride to every American citizen and not only to the citizens of Maryland. THE COLORADO STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. Maryland's Legal Booklet Council of National Defense, Washington, D. C. State Council of Defense, July 7, 1918. San Francisco, California. Gentlemen : — The Council of National Defense has recommended that every State Council of Defense should provide for the publication of a legal booklet for the use of State and Local Legal Committees, organized to give advice to soldiers and sailors. We are sending to you herewith as an excellent example of such a legal booklet, the handbook compiled under the direction of the Mary- land Council of Defense. Very truly yours, ARTHUR H. FLEMING, Enclosure. Chief of Section. Letter From Dr. William H. Welch THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, Md., March 27th, 1920. Francis E. Waters. Esq., Chairman, The Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. Dear General Waters : I beg to acknowledge with sincere and grateful appreciation the receipt of the handsome diploma of recognition of my services in the course of the Great War. 305 I esteemed it a great privilege to have the opportunity to serve my country. I appreciate highly the action of the Council in awarding to me the diploma, which I shall always prize. As a citizen of Maryland I should like to take the opportunity to express the pride and appreciation which all of our citizens must feel for the admii'able organization and administration and the very etlicient, important and patriotic services of our Maryland Council of Defense during the Great War. May I not also offer to you personally as Chairman of the Council my warm congratulations upon the successful conduct of a great under- taking involving many serious and difficult problems. With cordial regards. I am. Very respectfully and sincerely yours, WlLLlA^tl H. WELCH. From the Provost Marshal General Office of the Provost Marshal General Washington. September 13, 1918. Mr. D. M. Reynolds, of the Council of National Defense, has laid before the Provost Marshal General a full report of the fine support which you and your State and County Councils gave in the registration of the man- power of the country. General Crowder desires that the thanks of this Department be extended to you and the members of your organization. Yours respectfully, JOHN H. WIGMORE, Colonel, J. A., V. 8. A. Telegram Washington, D. C. 335P. 13. Maryland Council of Defense: Provost Marshal General greatly pleased. Your fine support and that given by State and County Councils in draft registration. Congratulations. REYNOLDS. Baltimore Is Model E. W. Drake, of the U. S. Employment Service, who is co-operating with Alfred L. Smith, manager of the Industrial Bureau of the Mer- chants' Association, and the various business and welfare organizations interested in the new offices, said that the new employment bureau is patterned after the co-operative employment bureau in Baltimore, Md., which, in the opinion of all expert employment managers is the most suc- cessful in the country. "If the various welfare organizations in New York City co-operate with the U. S. Employment Service in the operation of the new office as they do in Baltimore, the employment question in New York City will be solved as far as soldiers and sailors are concerned," said Mr. Drake to-day. — From the Neic York Journal, April 23, 1919. 306 Address Unanimously Adopted by Women's Section in Honor of Mrs. Shoemaker Madam Chairman : — As this occasion probably marks the conclusion of our gatherings as a war body, it seems only fitting that we should briefly trace in retro- spection the path that we have trod during the past twenty months. Called together by the Chief Executive of our State to act as the agency to enlist and organize the women of Maryland for the greatest possible utility in the war for liberty and civilization, we have devoted these months to this great work. Strenuous as have been our labors, we all feel that it has been the most useful i^eriod of our lives, and mingled with our joy in the coming of a glorious peace is a prayer of thankful- ness that we have had the opportunity to be of service to our country and to humanity. As the leader in a work never before undertaken by women in the history of the world, both our State and its women were fortunate in that one was chosen who assumed the task with zeal for the cause, ability for the duties, wisdom for many problems which have arisen, and with a rare personal charm that inspired her colleagues and secured for the common cause the united effort of a numerous army of workers while retaining the benefits of individual action. We who have l)een associated with you. Madam Chairman, in this noble work here make acknowledgment and express our appreciation of your splendid leader- ship and able administration of the mobilization of the women of Maryland for war work. The women of our State, in their efforts to take their proper place beside man, as his helpmeet and fellow human- being, owe much to you for your demonstration of the ability of women to discharge many duties which have been heretofore deemed the func- tion of man alone. Today, as we near the completion of our labors as members of the Women's Section of the Maryland Council of Defense, we who know best what you have had to do, gladly bear witness to your devotion to the work. We predict that as time passes and the part that women played in the fight for freedom becomes more apparent, those who write the story of women in the world-war, will give you an even higher niche in the temple of those who have rendered good service to their State, their Country, and Mankind. Resolution in Honor of Mrs Shoemaker by the Counties Resol\t:d : The County Chairmen desire to place on record their warm appreciation of the skill with which Mrs. Edward Shoemaker, the State Chairman, has directed the activities of the Maryland Council of De- fense, Women's Section. The number of letters sent to the County Chair- men indicated the magnitude of the office work. In any difficulty she was always ready to advise. As a Presiding Officer, she has made it a pleasure to attend the monthly meetings of the Council. The quiet dig- nity, the fairness and Impartiality of her rulings, and her never failing patience have endeared her to all of the County Chairmen, and we here- by extend our hearty thanks. 307 Resolution in Recognition of Mrs. Maloy's Work Resolved : The County Chairmen wish to express their cordial appre- ciation of the efficient services which Mrs. William Milnes Maloy has rendered the Maryland Council of Defense, Women's Section, as its Secretary. She has shown great ability in performing a laborious and difficult task, and the County Chairmen extend their hearty thanks to her, for the prompt and courteous attention which they always receiv^ed from her. Editorial in the Baltimore Sun The Maryland Council of Defense has virtually demobilized, but it should not be allowed to withdraw from public sight without a genuine expression of public appreciation. What form this should take we do not undertake to say, but its membership is certainly entitled to some kind of decoration that would constitute a permanent testimonial to its patriotism and public service, and an appropriate recognition of the part it has performed. The recital in yesterday's Sun of the scope and character of the work done by the Maryland Council In the last year and a half is, to some extent, a revelation to the general reader. We all knew that such a body existed, but few of us realized the variety and the essential value of what it was doing, because it was more concerned in doing than in talking and was content to get things accomplished rather than to advertise them. No one can read the summary of its comprehensive activities and achievements without feeling that the Maryland Council of Defense was an indisr)ensable factor and that without it the noble and effective role Maryland has taken in the war could not have been proper- ly sustained. It was by all odds the most efficient and best organized public agency we have ever had in the State. It drafted men and women of brains and experience in its service, and called to its aid the highest quality of intelligence and zeal. It combined practical direction and ardent idealism in a very rare and happy fashion, and consequently made few mistakes and suffered little from misdirected energy. The list of its material accomplishments includes something of everything worth while that has been performed in Maryland since the Defense Council was cre- ated, but its influence upon private and popular morale was even greater and more important. It touched the heart and quickened the patriotism of every section of the State, and the effect of its quiet but awakening and convincing propaganda was seen in enlistments in the military and naval service, in the responses to Liberty Loans and Red Cross and other war relief appeals, in better farming and larger crops — in short, in a Maryland throbbing in every vein with pride and patriotic enthusiasm. The Council of Defense has taught us how to do things, and it may well serve as a model for future public service. It is an honor to have belonged to it. to have been enrolled in a home army that has contributed so materially to the winning of the war. Its work can never be forgotten, whether thei'e is any formal recognition of its services or not. But it would be an extremely graceful act to cro\A'n it with some expression of the public gratitude and good will. 308 Appendix Z The Council's Work in Taking Care of the War Truck Trains in 191 8. On December 6, 1917, on the request of the Quartermaster Corps, the Council of National Defense called on the Maryland Council of Defense and its local organizations for their assistance in the movement of war truck trains over the highways to the seaboard. These trains entered Maryland from the West by way of Taneytown and Westminster and Frostburg and Cumberland, and from the North by way of Belair. At Baltimore the Grovernment had purchased the site for Camp Holabird, but it had no accommodations. The Council and its local organizations escorted the trains through Maryland to tidewater, fed and housed the men at the stopping points and gave co-operation to the whole movement. Tliere was unusual interest in the first test made by the train from Detroit that came across the mountains through heavy snow and intense cold. From the time this train entered Maryland special committees and local officials gave their aid with true Maryland hospitality. During the next three months many trains reached Baltimore from the West and North and the Maryland Council of Defense was ever ready to assist and to take care of the men. In thus meeting an emer- gency which the Government was not prepared to handle the Council performed a signal service for the Government. In the development of Camp Holabird and the concentration of motor trucks at Baltimore the Council gave further aid. The telegrams and letters quoted which follow are among the many received and sent in the performance of this service. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington Section on Co-operation with States. December 6, 1917. Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense. The movement of war trucks over the highways to the seaboard will start from Detroit within a week. This is the initial test by the Quar- termaster Corps. It is expected that after January 1st, the movement over the roads of the large fleet of motor trucks being constructed for the Government, will be steady and continuous. The route for this test has already been established by a path-finder car and in your State win pass through the following counties and among others the following towns : Carroll County — Taneytown, Frizzleburg, Westminster ; and through Baltimore County to Baltimore City. The Quartermaster Corps requests the assistance of your State Council and its local organizations in rendering this test a success. You can give important aid by directing the train along the selected roads and particularly the streets in the larger towns and cities ; also, by arranging with the police officials for a proper patrol of the streets and by securing a right of way for the trucks. Each town should advise the next town of the approach of the train and should be ready to furnish pilots for 309 local sections of the route, where necessary. luformatiou in regard to provisions which the commander may need to purchase and possible sleeping-quarters such as armories, should be prepared; and other methods of helping will suggest themselves to you and your local organi- zations. We particularly urge that you arrange public demonstrations in every town v^^hich this train passes. Here will be an opportunity, perhaps the first, for the towns to see a part of the Army in action. It is a splendid chance to arouse the people to enthusiasm; incidentally, patriotic receptions will encourage the personnel of the train. The train will not move on any set schedule nor has the time of departure been definitely fixed so that it will be difficult for you to arrange an extended program. It is important, however, that local communities carry out the above suggestions, so far as the limited time for preparations permits. We will notify you, at the earliest possible moment, of the time of departure of the train from Detroit and furnish you promptly with such other detailed information as may become available. In the meantime, it is essential that you fui-nish us with the name of a person in each community uix)u which the commander in charge of the train may call for assistance, when necessary. It is very important that this initial test be a complete success and the Quartermaster Corps is relying upon you for assistance and co- operation. Very truly yours, HENRY M. ROBINSON, Asst. Chief of Section. TELEGRAM Officer in charge of Motor Truck Convoy, Quartermaster Corps, care Quartermaster, Fort Wayne, Detroit, Mich. Maryland reception and escort; Carroll County — Dr. H. M. Fitzhugh. Chairman, Westminster, Md. ; Johnzie E. Beasman, Nathan H. Baile. Herbert R. Wooden, Preston B. Englar; Baltimore County— Charles J Fox, Chairman, Equitable Building, Baltimore; Oscar W. Keys, Car ville D. Benson, Fred Von Kapff, Wm. R. Gundry ; General Baltimoro Committee to provide escort from Maryland line to tidewater, H. N. Abercrombie, E. E. Foster, W. Stran McCurley, Richard T. Waters, 0/ Automobile Club of Maryland; and C. O. Reville, H. S. Briscoe and L. F O'Brien, automobile editors of daily papers. Maryland Council of De fense offers every courtesy and service. LYNN R. MEEKINS, Secretaru, Maryland Council of Defense COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington Section on Co-operation with States. Mr. L. R. Meekins, Secretar.v. December 1.3, 1017. Maryland Council of Defense, Dear Sir : Baltimore, Maryland. Your letter of December r2th to Mr. Robinson enclosing cony of telegram sent to the Officer in charge of the motor truck convoy at 310 Detroit, also copy of letter to Mr. Fitzhugh, Chairman of Carroll County Council, has been referred to me for reply. We have just been advised through the Highways Transport Committee of the Council of National Defense, that the motor truck convoy will leave Detroit tomorrow morn- ing. We expect to have daily reports on the progress of this convoy, and will keep you advised of same. Owing to the uncertainty of the movement it is difficult to arrange a definite program in advance, but we shall endeavor to secure further details as soon as possible, and advise you immediately of same. We appreciate very much the action of your Council in handling this matter, and will endeavor to assist you in making it as great a success as possible. Very truly yours, PERRY H. KEENEY, Member of Section. Washington, D. C, December 15, 1917. Maryland Council of Defense : Captain Bronson, commander motor convoy, advises arrived Monroe, Michigan, nine Friday evening ; greatly delayed by snow drifts ; expect to reach Toledo Saturday evening. Cars about thirty-two, personnel eighty. Are supplied with bedding and kitchen equipment. GEORGE F. PORTER. Council of National Defense. Washington, D. C, December 17, 1917. Maryland Council of Defense: Motor convoy reaches Cleveland tonight. Quartermaster requests special assistance in keeping roads clear. GEORGE F. PORTER. Baltimore, December 26, 1917. Captain Bennett Bronson, U. S. A., Commanding Army Truck Train, Chambersburg, Pa. Please wire your schedule through Maryland and what our Committees can do to give you proper escort and reception. Please send full infor- mation as delays have upset many of our plans ; want to give you real Maryland welcome and anything we can do is yours. Telephone Number St. Paul two four nine five. MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. Westminster, Md., 812P Feb. 4, 1918. Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. Truck company six in Westminster. Roads reported closed from here to Baltimore. Will start in A. M. for Baltimore. Open roads if pos- sible; we cannot shovel all the way. MULLINEAUX. 311 COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington January 3, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. My dear General Waters: — We congratulate you and the Maryland Council on your splendid work in handling the Motor Truck Transport within the borders of your State. We are pleased to note that the Transfer Train awakened a great deal of interest. Thanking you again for your splendid work in this particular and with our best wishes, we beg to remain Very truly yours, JOHN S. CHAVENS, Memher of Section. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington State Councils Section. February 8. 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Chairman State Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. Dear Sir: — On Monday, February' 11, a motor truck train of about 30 trucks is leaving Buffalo in command of Major G. F. Bailey. According to their schedule they should reach Baltimore on the 20th. They desire our State Council representative to secure accommoda- tions for the party, which will consist of 169 enlisted men, and 7 oflicers. The Government will of course, pay for the accommodations. I have written Major Bailey that you will be very glad to arrange for the accommodations in Baltimore, and have esiiecially requested him to give you not less than 24 hours notice of his expected arrival, by what route he is coming and where he would desire the train to be met. As you should receive this letter on February 9th, it might be in order to wire Major Bailey before he leaves Buffalo and ask him to be sure and let you know well in advance so that proper arrangements may be made. Thanking you, we are Yours very truly, JOHN S. CRAVENS, Member of Section. 312 Washington, February 9, 1918. Greneral Francis E. Waters, State Council Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. Referring letter yesterday motor truck train Major Bailey wires leav- ing Tuesday morning with hundred and seventy-six, sixty-four trucks. Supper, lodging, breakfast needed at stopping places together with luncheons for party for following day. Please wire him for informa- tion exact date arrival. GEORGE F. PORTER. Major G. F. Bailey, in care Pierce Arrow Motor Gar Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Accommodations in Baltimore for your seven officers and one hundred sixty-nine men at Young Men's Christian Association. Please advise progress of your train and time expected arrival in Baltimore. Our office is seven hundred three Union Trust Building and telephone St. Paul two four nine five. MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, Little Falls Depot, N. Y., February 21, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, State Council Defense, Baltimore, Md. Itinerary motor convoy abandoned account road conditions ; you will be notified forty-eight hours in advance of our arrival. BAILEY. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Washington State Councils Section. February 26, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, State Council of Defense, Baltimore, Maryland. Dear Sir: — We are just in receipt of a wire from Major G. F. Bailey informing us that on March 2, a second convoy will leave Buffalo, followed by others on the 4th and 5th, also another on the 6th. They will make the same schedule as the first convoy which means that they will stop at Baltimore in your State. Major Bailey says you will be notified forty- eight hours in advance of the arrival at Baltimore and we send you this information in order that you may be prepared to do all in your power to provide their accommodations. Yours very truly, (Signed) JOHN S. CRAVENS, Member of Section. 313 Newark, N. J., March 1, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, State CJouncil Defense, Baltimore, Md. Expect to arrive with motor truck convoy 60 trucks night March 2nd, 164 men, 5 officers. Will require supper and sleeping quarters ; also guide and police detail at outskirts of city. Philadelphia tonight. HAY, COMMANDING. Albany, N. Y., March 9, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. Expect to make destination Wednesday; 4 officers; 152 enlisted; 60 trucks, 4 touring, 2 light repair. Request that quarters be prepared. M. L. KNOWLTON, Capt. Comdg. Detach. Phila, Pa., 501PM, March 11, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Stafford Hotel, Baltimore, Md. Expect to arrive in Baltimore Tuesday night. Make arrangements Tor feed and quarters eighty-one men and one officer ; have thirty-one trucks and two touring cars in train. LIENT. WARREN. Philadelphia, Pa., 750A, March 13, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. Co. D leaves Philadelphia 7 A. M. ; Co. F at 8 ; arrive destination tonight. KNOWLTON, Capt. Comd^. Baltimore, March 13, 1918. Captain Knowlton, Commanding Company D, Army Truck Train, Havre de Grace, Md. (Operator will please watch for truck train crossing Susquehanna and deliver message.) Quarters for you aud all your men at Young Men's Christian Association, Franklin ami Cathedral Streets. MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. 314 Newark, N. J., 7.46 P. M., March 14, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. Headquarters and Companies B and C Fourth Supply Train, five officers, hundred fifty-one enlisted, sixty-two trucks, 6 Dodge cars, one motorcycle will arrive Baltimore late afternoon March sixteenth. Will you see that mounted policeman joins command at City limits and escorts same to parking place. Please arrange for supper and break- fast for hundred and fifty-nine if not already arranged for. MEYER. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 8.20 P. M., March 20, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense. Motor convoy, 73 men, 30 trucks, will arrive Baltimore late Satur- day afternoon. Kindly make arrangements for housing men and place where we can cook our own meals. Wire at Newark, N. J. State Armory. TRIMBLE, COMMANDING. Baltimore, March 21, 1918. Trimble, Commanding Motor Convoy, State Armory, Newark, New Jersey. Fourth Regiment Armory, Fayette and Paca Streets, housing arrange- ments seventy-three men with your own bedding ; gas ranges for cooking own meals. Please telephone Fourth Regiment Armory Baltimore from Havre de Grace or Belair as to time arrival in Baltimore. Officer will meet you at edge of city. Police will be at your service. Call on any other aid. FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense. Philadelphia, Pa., March 21, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. Convoy will arrive Baltimore late tomorrow. Request you arrange for quarters, parking and place to cook. Have thirty trucks and seventy- nine men. SEABROOKE, Commanding. 315 MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Baltimore March 21, 1918. Captain Trimble, Commanding, Motor Convoy, State Armory, Newark, N. J. Dear Sir:— Please find enclosed copy of telegram sent you today. We hope that everything will go through promptly and that the arrangements will be satisfactory to you. If you should want to reach me after you are in Baltimore, use the office telephone, or after 5 o'clock call Mt. Vernon 2559, leaving the message for me to call you up should you miss me. Any service we can render is at your command. Very truly yours, LYNN R. MEEKINS, Enclosure. Secretary. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., March 21, 1918. General Francis E. Waters, Baltimore, Md. 11th and 12th convoy consisting of 147 men, 5 officers, '^ recent war; and 321 WHEREAS, The Maryland Council of Defense is about to be dis- solved and the work of gathering the war records cannot be completed for some time ; and WHEREAS, It is extremely desirable that the State of Maryland have permanent records of its sons during the great conflict ; NOW, THEREFORE, The State of Maryland provides herein for the creation of a War Records Commission to carry on to completion the work begun by the Council of Defense. Section 1. Be it enacted hy the General AssemUy of Maryland, That there is hereby created the War Records Commission, consisting of five members, who shall be appointed by and hold ofl^ce during the pleasure of the Governor, One of the members of the Commission shall be the Maryland Department Commander of the American Legion. The Gov- ernor shall designate the Chairman of the Commission. It shall be the duty of the Commission to collect and compUe the records of all the sons of Maryland in the service of the United States Military, Naval and Marine forces, or who otherwise rendered conspico- ous public service during the recent war, and to arrange to have such records kept in some permanent place for future reference. The final disposition of the records shall be determined by the Commission, sub- ject to the approval of the Governor. Section 2. And be it further enacted, That the War Records Commis- sion shall continue the work begun by the Maryland Council of Defense on the war records of Marylanders. It shall be the duty of the Mary- land Council of Defense, when this Act takes effect, to transfer all of its data, papers and documents of every description connected with the collection of .such records over to the War Records Commission ; and co turn over to the Commission any unexpended balance in its hands which had been set aside to pay for the work of collecting war records. Section 3. And be it further enacted, That the members of the War Records Commission shall serve without compensation, but the Commis- sion is hereby authorized, with the approval of the Governor, to incur such expenses as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act within the limits of the amount appropriated therefor in the Budget Bill. The Commission shall from time to time report to the Governor con- cerning the progress and scope of its activities. Section 4. And be it further enacted. That this Act is hereby declared to be an emergency law necessary for the immediate preservation of tlie public safety, and being passed upon a yea and nay vote, supported by three-fifths of all the members elected to each of the two Houses of the General Assembly, the same shall take effect from the date of its passage. Under the foregoing Act, Governor Ritchie appointefl tlie following commission April 24, 1020: Lt. Col. Stuart S. Janney. Baltimore county; George L. RadcJiffe, Baltimore; Van I.ear Black Baltimore; Captain Philip G. Mclntire, Baltimore; Major Harvey B. Stone. Baltimore. On May 17, 1920, this Commission met and organized : chairman, Lt. Col. Stuart S Janney; trea.surer, George L. Radcliffe; secretary^ Karl Singewald. 322 The amount appropriated for the Commission in the budget is .$15,000 per year for two years. The Maryland Coimcil of Defense paid over to the Commission the sum of $14,164.68. The Maryland Council's total contribution to the work of collecting the records was $35,000.00. Also, the Maryland Council gave a large part of the equipment of the Historical Division. Advisory Committee of the Historical Division At a dinner given by Mr. George L. Radcliffe at the Maryland Club, February 16, 1919, the following Advisory Committee of the Historical Division was formed : Hon. Emerson C. Harrington, Governor of Maryland ; General Francis E. Waters, Chairman Maryland Council of Defense; Dr. Wm. H. Welch, Johns Hopkins Medical School ; Van Lear Black, president Fidelity Trust Company ; Dr. Ronald T. Abercrombie, Johns Hopkins University ; W. J. Casey, Vice-President Continental Trust Company; Charles M. Cohn, Vice-President Consolidated Gas Electric Light and Pow.t Company; Lynn R. Meekins, Secretary Maryland Council of Defense; Hon. Samuel K. Dennis, United States District Attorney ; L. H. Dielman, Executive Secretary Peabody Institute ; Dr. Frank J. Goodnow, President Johns Hopkins University ; Arthur W. Hawks, Jr., Director of Publicity, C. G. E. L. & P. Co. • Dr. Horace E. Flack, Director Department of Leg- islative Reference; E. P. Keech, Jr., Director Bureau of Personnel, American Red Cross; Dr. John H. Latane, Professor of American His- tory, Johns Hopkins University ; Lieut-Comdr. M. A. Leahy, Fifth Naval District, Section 1; Major R. V. D. Magoffin, U. S. Army War College; Dr. Karl Singewald, Secretary Historical Division, Council of Defense; Percy G. Skirven, Historian and Genealogist; Dr. Bernard C. Steinrr, Librarian Enoch Pratt Library; Prof. John M. Vincent, Professor of European History, Johns Hopkins University; Adjutant-General Henry M. Warflield and N. Winslow Williams. Subsequently the following names were added : Mrs. Edward Shoe- maker, Chairman of Women's Section, Maryland Council of Defense; Mrs. Emilie McKim Reed, President Colonial Dames ; Mrs. J. H. Adams, Mr. John Wilber Jenkins, Assistant to Secretary of the Navy, and Rob- ert D. Carter, Marshal of Police Department of Baltimore. County Chairmen Allegany Daniel Annan, Sr. Anne Arundel Hugh R. Riley Batimore William P. Cole, Jr. Calvert Philip Briscoe, M. D. Miss Li die B. Duke, Secretary in charge Caroline Wesley E. Thawley Carroll rr.- .Henry M. Fitzhugh, M. D. Cecil Henry L. Constable Charles John E. Stone 323 Dorchester James S. Shepherd Frederick Noah E. Cramer Garrett Mrs. E. Z. Tower Harford Mrs. Otho S. Lee Howard Mrs. W. Bhiden Lowndes Kent Fred G. Usiltou Mrs. W. W. Hubbard Montgomery Miss Martha Sprigg Poole Prince George's L. Giselin Sasscer Queen Anne's J. H. C. Legg Mrs. J. H. C. Legg, Vice-Chairman in charge St. Mary's J. F. Coad Somerset Henry J. Waters Miss Emily R. Waters, Secretary in charge Talbot Clement E. Gray, Sr. Washington David P. Schindel Miss Alice E. Edmonds, Secretary in charge Wicomico L. W. Gunby Mrs. E. Stanley Toadvin, Secretary in charge Worcester James B. Whaley Mrs. Pauline N. Murray, Secretary in charge ADDENDUM October, 1919, to June 30, 1920— The Final Meeting of the Executive Committee lu October, 191'J, the report of the Executive Committee was sent to the printer. It contained the audit of the finances to October 1, 1919. The following letter was sent to the Attorney General under date of October 4, 1919: October 4, 1919. Hon. Albert C. Ritchie, Attorney-General of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. My dear General Ritchie: General Waters would like to have your advice and suggestions as to procedure and form in winding up the affairs of the Maryland Council of Defense. The only work projected beyond the life of the Council is that of the Historical Division. On March 12, 1919, the Executive Committee made an appropriation of $25,000 for the Division in this way: "Mr. Dennis moved that the Chairman be authorized to apportion such funds as may be necessary for the historical work to a sum not exceeding $25,000. Mr. Furst seconded this motion and it was carried." To date the Historical Division has spent $7,074.83. How can the 324 remainder of the $25,000 be continued beyond the life of the Council? The idea is to carry on the Historical work uninterruptedly. So far its expenditures have been in the usual way through this office. The Divi- sion is housed in the Maryland Historical Society Building and is under the direction of its own chairman, George L. Radcliffe, who works in oo-operation with General Waters. Yours truly, LYNN R. MEEKINS, Secretary. The following i*eply to the above was received on December 5, 1919: Lynn R, Meekins, Esq., Maryland Council of Defense, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. Dear Mr. Meekins : I beg to reply to your letter of recent date to Mr. Ritchie in which you ask whether the expenditure of $25,000 for historical work can be continued beyond the life of the Maryland Council of Defense. I do not know of any way in which this can be done. Yours very truly, PHILIP B. PERLMAN, Asst. Attomey-Oeneral. The printed report was sent to Governor Emerson C. Har- rington, and the following letter was received from him Janu- ary 9, 1920 : General Francis E. Waters, Chairman, Maryland Council of Defense, Baltimore, Md. My dear General Waters: The time has now come when the work of the Council is practically over, and, were it not that the Committee appointed by your Body to collect the data of the war work activities, and esi^ecially the record or history of every one in the service of our Country from Maryland in the late war, have not completed its work, I would deem it proper at this time to dissolve your body. But, believing that the completion of this work will be of the highest importance to the State, I shall continue the legal existence of the Council until such time as this work shall be completed or until such time as my successor shall act in the premises. I want, in language as strong as I can command, to commend the excellent service rendered by the Council, and especially to commend the noble, patriotic work of the Executive Committee in the great trust committed to them. May I not. through you, express to them my highest appreciation of their service. No Governor in the Union had the support of abler or more patriotic men and women than I had during the war. 325 To you persoaally, as Chairman of this body and this Committee, I extend my own and the State's warmest congratulations and good wishes. Very sincerely yours, EMERSON C. HARRINGTON. A meeting of the Executive Committee was held February 18, 1920, and the following letter was sent to Governor Albert C. Ritchie: Hon. Albert C. Ritchie, Governor of Maryland, Annapolis, Maryland. My dear Grovernor Ritchie : At the meeting of the Executive Committee held February eighteenth the following action was taken on motion of Hon. Stevenson A. Williams, seconded by Hon. John M. Dennis, the vote being unanimous : "RESOLVED, that the Executive Committee approves and accepts the printed report of the Chairman and requests that he submit it to the Governor with an expression that it is the sense of the Committee that the work of the Maryland Council of Defense has reached as nearly as possible the point of completion ; and further "RESOLVED, that the Chairman be asked to convey to the Governor the recommendation that he dis.solve the Council at such date as may be in his judgment proper." Herewith is respectfully submitted the printed report which contains the statement of our work and the details of our finances, with the audit of the State Auditor to October 1, 1019. The publication of this report is held back so that it may include the action of Your Excellency and the final details of Council work and the audit of its accounts for the i^eriod from October 1, 1911>, to the close. The remaining work of the Executive Committee is the collection of several accounts due for property sold, the selling of a few articles, the completion and distribution of the Report, and the sending out of about three hundred certificates to Council workers, all of which should be completeeration In bringing the work of the Council to an end. We believe this work has been of value to the State, and it is both an honor and a pleasure to submit to you the account of our stewardship. Yours very truly, FRANCIS E. WATERS, Chairman. Under date of March 37, 1920, the Governor wrote : "I have your favor of March 24fh enclosing warrant of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense for the work of the Historical Division. I have signed the warrant and return it to you herewith. "The Act creating the War Records Commission was approved by me yesterday, so that I will now be able to wind up the Council at an early date." Yours very truly, ALBERT C. RITCHIE, Oovernor. The War Records Commission met and organized May 17, 1020. It adopted the following resolution: "Resolved that the Chairman and the Treasurer, on behalf of the Commission, receive from the Maryland Council of Defense, and receipt for the files and records and the unexpended balances of monies for the Historical work, in accordance with the Act creating the War Records Commission." On May 18, 1920, the Chairman of the Executive Committee sent the following letter, with enclosure, to the Chairman of the War Records Commission : Colonel Stuart S. Janney, Chairman of the War Records Commission. My dear Colonel Janney : The Act creating the War Records Commission says: "It shall be the duty of the Maryland Council of Defense, when this Act takes effect, to transfer all of its data, paper and documents of every description connected with the collection of such records over to the War Records Commission ; and also to turn over to the Commission any unexpended balances in its hands which had been set aside to pay for the work of collecting war records." All the data, papers and documents of the Council have been stored in the rooms of the Historical Division, now taken over by the War Records Commission, except flie accounts with the books and vouchers connected therewith, which have been filed with the Comptroller and the Board of Public Works. I shall be glad to know from you whether or not this has been done to the satisfaction of yourself and your Commission. 327 Enclosed is a cheek for ten thousand dollars covering the appropria- tion for the Historical Division made by our Executive Committee February 18, 1920. Of the original $25,000 set aside for the Historical Division we have paid on vouchers signed by the Chairman of that Division, $20.835.;^2. When we secure the State Auditor's approval on these figures our check for the balance will be sent to your Commission. Yours very truly, (Signed) FRANCIS E. WATERS. Chairman. The Chairman received the following letter on May 21. 1920: May 20 1920. Francis E. Waters, Esq., Chairman, Executive Committee, Maryland Council of Defense, 703 Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. My dear General Waters: I have received your letter of May 18th, addressed to mc as Chairman of the War Records Commission, noting the fact that the data, pajiers and documents of the Council of Defense, Historical Division, stored in the building of the Maryland Historical Society, have been taken over by the War Records Commission, createtl by the Act of 1920. Chapter 92. The War Records Commission has organized and taken formal possession of these data, papers and documents, and will endeavor to continue the very efficient work which has been done by the Historical Division of the Council of Defense up until the present time. I also acknowledge the check of the Council of Defense to the order of George L. RadcliCfe, Treasurer of the War RecoMs Commission, for $10,000, and note that the unexpended balance of the original $2.5,000 set aside for the Historical Division will he remitted to us after the State Auditor's approval of the expenditures made by the Council. The orderly and efficient work done by the Historical Division up to this time will greatly lighten the work of the War Records Commission. Yours very truly, STUART S. JANNEY, Chcirman, War Records Commission. On June 10, 1920, the Chairman received the following letter of the Governor, formally dissolving the Maryland Council of Defense on June 30. 1920 : EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Annapolis, Md., June 9, 1920. General Francis E. Waters, Union Trust Building. Baltimore, Maryland. Dear General Waters : The emergency which called into being the Maryland Council of 328 Defense, created by Chapter 24 of the Acts of 1917, being terminated, and the activities of the body being ended, it becomes my duty to formally dissolve the Council, which I hereby do, to take effect June 30, 1920. I have been advised that the Council, of which you are Chairman, has wound up its affairs and is awaiting this letter from me before holding its final meetng. The termination of the Maryland Council of Defense marks the close of a bright page in the history of the State. You and your associates are deserving of the highest praise for the able, conscientious and un^ tiring manner in which all of you worked during the war to enable Maryland to respond to the demands made upon its resources at a time when the existence of the nation was imperiled. I congratulate you and the other members of the Council upon the splendid services you have given the State. Very truly yours, ALBERT C. RITCHIE, Oovemor. The following call was issued the same day the Governor's letter was received : MARYLAND COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Baltimore, June 10, 1920. Dear Sir : This day the Chairman received a letter from the Governor dissolving- the Maryland Council of Defense on June 30, 1920. It is necessary to hold a final meeting of the Executive Committee and it is very important that you should be present. Therefore, the meeting of the Executive Committee is called for eleven o'clock A. M. Tuesday, June 15, 1920, in Room 905, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, and you are urged to attend. By order of the Chairman. LYNN R. MEEKINS, Secretary. Meeting of the Executive Committee, Maryland Council of Defense, at 11 A. M., June 15, 1920, 905 Union Trust Building General Francis E. Waters, Chairman, presided. Present were: Judge Hammond Umer, John M. Dennis, Stevenson A^ Williams and Frank A. Furst. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Mr. W. O. Peirson, Treasurer, presented the report of the State Auditor, accompanied by the following letter, and with the statement that the full Auditor's report would be pre- sented to the Chairman on or before June 30 : 329 Maryland Council of Defense. General Francis E. Waters, Cliairuuiu. Dear Sir: Acting under your instructions, we report we have brouglit the audit of the booiis and accounts of your Council up to May 31, 1920, inclusive, and submit attached hereto manuscript schedules showing the Receipts and Disbursements of the Council for the period July 28, 1917, to May 31, 1920, supported by detailed schedules (manuscript submitted due to insufficient time to type same). We are advised your Council is to be dissolved June 30th, at which time It is our intention to furnish you a complete report of your trans- actions for the full period, but we wish to take this opportunity to state that the books, records and accounts of your Council are in good con- dition, and have been well kept, and great care seemed to have been exercised in handling and recording the transactions of the Council. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) WIi>L!AM A. GILLESPIE, State Auditw. The Chairman stated to the Committee that the expendi- tures since the last meeting had been of a routine character. The disputed account with the A to Z Business Bureau was settled for |108.25, the figures claimed by the Executive Com- mittee. The only large sums paid over were |12,500, balance of the appropriation for the Spring Grove State Hospital, and 110,000 to the War Records Commission. The four bills of the Western Maryland Railroad, for recon- verting passenger coach used in the hospital train, were pre- sented as follows : $0.59.90, $71.24, |3.12, .f 29.01— total, 17033.27. The Chairman laid before the Committee letters from the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, stating that they had no bills against the Council for recon- verting the coaches loaned by them The letter from General Gray, in reference to the Western Maryland coach, was read, and the Committee voted tliat tlie four bills of the Western Maryland Railroad should be paid. The rei)ort of the Council as printed was considered, and it was ordered that the report should be brought up to include the full proceedings of the Council to the day of dissolution, and that it should be reprinted. The Committee ordered that three hundred copies be bound, at a cost of fifty cents each. 330 The Secretary reported that the only outstanding accounts of money due the Council were the following: War Camp Community Service — Appropriation, $7,500. Rfturns, $2,287.05. Seed Account — Appropriatiou, $7,000. Returns, $2,605.95. A letter from Col. Stuart S. Janney, Chairman of the War Records Commission, on behalf of the Commission, requested that to the monies appropriated for the Historical Division, the sum of |5,000 be added, and turned over to the War Rec- ords Commission for the historical work. This matter was fully discussed and attention was centered on the wording of the Act which created the War Records Commission and which read : "It shall be the duty of the Maryland Council of Defense, when this Act takes effect , also to turn over to the Commission any unexpended balances in its hands which had been set aside to pay for the work of collecting war records," The members of the Committee expressed entire favor with the purpose of Colonel Janney's request, but they could not see how they could make this new appropriation after the Legisla- ture had acted and after the Commission had been duly organ- ized. It was with regret, therefore, that they felt compelled to refuse it. A letter from Dr. William H. Welch, thanking the Commit- tee for his diploma for services, was read, and the Committee directed that it be printed in the report of the Council. The following resolution, offered by Judge Urner, seconded by Mr. Dennis, was passed unanimously : RESOLVED, That tlie Chairman of the Executive Committee be g:iven full authority to close up the work of the Committee, and of the Maryland Council of Defense, and to turn over to the Treasurer, after all monies appropriated at this meeting have been paid, all monies in hand, and to the Board of Public Works all accounts due, unless instructed otherwise by the Governor, on or before June 30, 1920. The Committee directed that the minutes and the Auditor's reports be filed with the Board of Public Works at Annapolis, and that the records, data, papers and documents connected with the collection of war records be turned over to the War Records Commission. 331 Judge Umer offered the following, which was seconded by Mr. Dennis and adopted unanimously: The Seci'etary is requestetl to make the following entry in the minutes of the final meeting of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defense: The members of the Committee record their grateful appre- ciation of the service to the State and Nation rendered by their Chairman, General Waters, and of the spirit of patriotic devotion in which he performed the arduous duties of the Chairmanship, the great ability with which he presidetl over and aided the deliber- ations of the Committee, and the unfailing courtesy and consider- ation which characterized his relations with its members. Judge Urner stated that the minute did not and could not contain the full appreciation of the members of the Committee for the splendid work of the Chairman and, especially, it could not express the strong personal affection which had grown up in the progress of the work of the Maryland Council. Mr, Dennis said the great success of the Council's work had been mainly due to the leadership and inspiration of the Chairman. General Waters, in thanking the members of the Committee for the minute and the personal expressions accompanying it, said that he could not adequately convey to those with wliom he had associated on the Committee his appreciation of the splendid things which they were good enough to say of him in the minute. '*We have as members of this Committee grown closer together as men, with warmer feelings of friendship for one another as we continued our work Sad though the pur- pose of our duties has been, I regard it as a glorious experience to have been associated in them with men of such splendid char- acter. Do not feel, I beg you, that I am undertaking to fitly express my appreciation; I can only say again that I thank you for the loyalty, the faithfulness and the determination of your support of my efforts to successfully manage the affairs of the Council, and without such support my efforts would have been absolutely futile. "^With all my heart, gentlemen, I thank you for your gener- ous expressions of appreciation of my services." Mr. Dennis: "No chairman ever had greater affection and regard." General Waters: "You have given me absolutely faithful support." 833 Judge Urner: ''You have had the complete confidence in every respect of every member of the Committee." CJeneral Waters: "I thank you, gentlemen, with all my heart, and I think in years to come it will be a satisfaction to those who care for us to remember that we did the work of the State as members of the Maryland Council of Defense." The folloT\ang resolution, offered by Mr. Dennis and second- ed by Judge Urner, was adopted unanimously : RESOLVED, That the cordial thauks of the Executive Committee of the Maryland Council of Defeuse are hereby extended to Mr. Lynn R. Meekins for his faithful, efficient and highly successful services as Secretary of the Committee during the momentous period of its existence, and he is assured of the best wishes of all the mem- l>ers of the Committee for his future welfare." The members paid individual tributes to the work of the Secretary. The Chairman said these tributes were deserved, because the Secretary had been faithful to his work and had performed it in a high spirit of patriotism and with great intelligence. The Secretary expressed his thanks for their appreciation and personal kindness and for the co-opera- tion he had found among all the members of the Committee. The Committee then adjourned sine die. Closing the Council's Accounts .lune 30, 1920. Flon. John M. Dennis Treasurer of Maryland, Annapolis, Md. My dear Mr. Dennis : I have the honor to enclose herewith voucher check No. G669 for ^7.fK)7.30 on the Union Trust Company of Maryland, it being the balance in full in the treasury of the Maryland Council of Defense, as shown by the attached reiwrt of the State Auditor. The form of receipt which I enclose and which I ask you to sign and return, was prepared, by the Attorney-General. I also enclose for your information a copy of my letter to the Gov- ernor. We return our most cordial thanks for the courtesy of your office in our work for the State, and we wish you and your staff all prosperity and happiness. Ver.v trul.v .vours. FRANCLS E. WATERS, Chairman. 333 June 30, 1020. Hon. Albert C. Ritchie, Governor of Maryland, Annapolis, Md. My dear Governor Ritchie: Following your esteemed letter of June 0th. 1020, dissolving the Mary- land Council of Defense on .June 30th, 1020. the Elxecutive Committee held a meeting .June 1.5th and wound up its affairs. We have this day turned over to the Treasurer of Maryland a cheek for $7,007.30, on the Union Trust Company of Maryland, lieing the bal- ance in full remaining in the treasury of the Council of Defense, as shown by the report of the State Auditor accompanying our communi- cation. There ren)ains in the hands of the Comptroller the sum of $!)0,0O.5 of the first million-dollar war loan. The second loan of a million dollars was not issued. We have paid over to the War Records Conuuission, as directed by the Act of 1020. Chapter 02, the sum of .$14.1(;4.<;8. We have disposed of our records as directe .>^' t-V, ' » o o - \ .0' ^0"= ^^"^ .rS' ^ cl • v.. = o > 0' .0^. ^€:^»r; ^^ ^If 4* ^■^d % x^ \V\^ .V ^1>..^^ , % ■•J* s' \v.\ '5-< //h CI "5* -■'^ -0 o. aV> ,"*o,_ -^^ .0' "lC». ^- ■^oV^ ^op 9 "h •:> 'o. » - A <> ^ ■ .^-C ^, 0' 4 o "^^ 4^ V '■^. • ' * JS*- -f o^ - 7i " o V V ^ o V i^o ^^'^.^. 0- %-si£i!>^^' <*». .0' o. •^ o^ * ■ ,, : " ^ A^ * >0 Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proces: Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: ^oiMchnoloP „ ......^ __.^_F. IN PAPER PRESERVATIO 111 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township. PA 1 6066 (724)779-2111 > « ."'iiiii^K* jy % 4> o V '^o^ v^ ,V-»=^^ .■^^r iV->>^ ./'"'V'^^'^^!'^^'.'^ -^ ^^. 7j DOBBS BROS. INC. u\; ST. AUGUSTINE .x-^^^ Vb ^^--^^ .v .-.■f