Sixty-Sixth Congress, Third Session nt No. 42S I C / / ^: THOMAS STAPLES TIN ( Late a Senator from Virginia ) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATtS SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS Proceedings in the Senate April lo, 1920 Proceedings in the House February 13, 192 1 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING '2j:2^j-Z(^oT(g> WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 f LiBRA.R' pv.tMMui'VtiKMT LlBPvA.RY OF CONGRESS j FEB151922 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings in the Senate 5 Prayer by Rev. Richard H. Bennett, D. D., of Lynch- burg, Va 9 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Claude A. Swanson, of Virginia 11 Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts 29 Mr. John Walter Smith, of Maryland 32 Mr. Francis E. Warren, of Wyoming 34 Mr. Gilbert M. Hitchcock, of Nebraska 37 Mr. Knute Nelson, of Minnesota 40 Mr. Furnifold M. Simmons, of North Carolina 46 Mr. Wesley L. Jones, of Washington 50 Mr. Atlee Pomerene, of Ohio 53 Mr. Carter Glass, of Virginia 56 Proceedings in the House 63 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D G.'i, 66 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Henry D. Flood, of Virginia 69 Mr. Champ Clark, of Missouri 74 Mr. Edward E. Holland, of Virginia 75 Mr. Joseph W. Byrns, of Tennessee 78 Mr. R. Walton Moore, of Virginia 81 Mr. James W. Collier, of Mississippi 86 Mr. Schuyler Otis Bland, of Virginia 91 Mr. James P. Woods, of Virginia 94 Mr. Patrick H. Drewry, of Virginia 98 Mr. Thomas W. Harrison, of Virginia 102 Mr. Frederick H. Gillett, of Massachusetts 105 [3] ,o' yffMK>*i^ & i&z Sfifl'-w^^w^-^izjt' DEATH OF HON. THOMAS STAPLES MARTIN PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE Wednesday, November 12, 1919. Mr. SwANSON. Mr. President, it is with profound sorrow and regret that I announce the death of my colleague, Senator Thomas S. Martin, of Virginia. He died at 1.30 o'clock to-day at Charlottesville, Va. He met death with that calm composure and courage with which he faced all the problems that presented themselves to him in life. In his death a strong, sturdy character of heroic pro- portions disappears from public life. For more than 24 years he served as one of the most influential and potential Members of this body. Few Senators possessed in so high a degree the esteem, affectionate friendship, and good will that Senator Martin possessed, irrespective of political divisions. All appreciated his courteous con- sideration, his manly character, his kindly heart and feelings. As majority leader and as chairman of the Appropri- ations Committee during the late war he assumed bur- dens and responsibilities that far exceeded his strength. Despite repeated warnings of his physician, despite the urgent suggestions of friends, he remained at his post of duty in the perilous and troublous times, and his death was a sacrifice on the altar of public service and public duty. In his death the Senate loses one of its most influential, esteemed, and worthy Senators, the country one of its wisest and most sagacious legislators, and Virginia her [5] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin most distinguished citizen, her most highly esteemed son, and her most beloved Senator. At a more appropriate time I shall ask the Senate to set aside a day to pay tribute to his achievements and record as a Senator and to his worth as a man. Mr. Lodge. Mr. President, I have been in the Senate with Senator Martin for nearly a quarter of a century. This is not the time, for it will come later, to speak of his long and distinguished service as it deserves. He was a high- minded, honorable man, who devoted all his strength, all his abilities, I may say all his life, to his public duties, for he wore himself out in the service. At this moment I can only think of the personal loss which comes to me in the death of an old friend whom I so much valued, and I am sure that feeling is shared by everyone who had the honor and satisfaction of serving with Senator Martin in the Senate. Mr. Swanson. Mr. President, I offer the resolutions which I send to the desk and ask for their adoption. The resolutions (S. Res. 229) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, for more than 24 years a Senator from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That a committee of 18 Senators be appointed by the President pro tempore to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Martin, to be held in Charlottesville, Va. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Representatives. The President pro tempore appointed as the committee under the second resolution Mr. Swanson, Mr. Lodge, Mr. Cummins, Mr. Hitchcock, Mr. Simmons, Mr. Knox, Mr. Fletcher, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Overman, Mr. Bankhead, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Smith of Arizona, Mr. Smith of Maryland. [6] Proceedings in the Senate Mr. Underwood, Mr. Walsh of Montana, Mr. Warren, Mr. Smoot, and Mr. Williams. Mr. SwANSON. Mr. President, as a further mark of re- spect to the memory of my deceased colleague, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday, November 13, 1919, at 12 o'clock meridian. Thursday, November 13, 1919. The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the following prayer : Almightj^ God, we gather together this morning wdth a sense of a great loss in the death of one of the Members of the Senate. Ripened by experience and age, he has given his wise counsel and leadership to his country, and through qualities of heart and spirit he has attracted all men, unifying our efforts and leading in constructive paths for the establishment of the great ideals of our national life. With reverence for the God of his fathers and with a high sense of the dignity and glory of human life, he has given himself to God and to humanity. We thank Thee that he w^as a man of prayer, a man of conscience, a man of human friendship. We pray that his influence may abide with and guide us who follow in the discharge of the great duties of this day, that we may measure to the expectation of God and to the hope of the world. For Christ's sake. Amen. Mr. SwANSON. Mr. President, my deceased colleague, the late Senator Martin, of Virginia, will be buried at Char- lottesville, Va., to-morrow afternoon at 3 o'clock. In addition to the 18 Senators who have been appointed to attend the funeral, a great many Senators have expressed a [7] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin desire also to attend. The special train for Charlottesville will leave here at 11 o'clock to-night and return about 9 o'clock to-morrow night. I have consulted with the leader of the majority of this body and with other Senators, and, in order to pay tribute to the memory of my late colleague, I ask unanimous consent, so that Senators who desire may attend the funeral — and an invitation is extended to all to do so — that when the Senate takes a recess to-day it shall take a recess to meet at 10 o'clock on Saturday morning. The President pro tempore. Is there objection to the re- quest of the Senator from Virginia? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. Mr. Brandegee. In accordance with the understanding heretofore entered into, I move that the Senate now take a recess until Saturday morning at 10 o'clock. The motion was agreed to; and (at 7 o'clock and 5 minutes p. m.) the Senate, as in open executive session, took a recess until Saturday, November 15, 1919, at 10 o'clock a. m. Tuesday, December 2, 1919. The Vice President. The Chair lays before the Senate the following letter from Miss Lucy Day Martin, which will be read. The Secretary read as follows: University, Va. Hon. Thomas R. Marshall, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. President: I wish personally to express to you and the Members of the Senate the deep gratitude of the family of the late Senator Martin for your recent very profound manifestation of affection and esteem for my father. We shall ever hold this tribute and the expression of sympathy for the family in most grateful remembrance. Very sincerely, yours, Lucy Day Martin. Proceedings in the Senate Thursday, March 25, 1920. Mr. SwANSON. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate designate Saturday, April 10, for the de- livery of eulogies upon my late colleague, Senator Thomas S. Martin, of Virginia. The Presiding Officer. Without objection, it is so ordered. Saturday, April 10, 1920. Rev. Richard H. Bennett, D. D., of Lynchburg, Va., offered the following prayer : Gracious Father, source of all wisdom and God of all power, we acknowledge Thy sovereignty and pray for Thy guidance. Thou hast graciously led us and blest us be- yond our deserts. In our feebleness compared with Thy great strength, in our ignorance compared with Thy wis- dom, children all in Thy sight, wc ask Thy continued guidance and blessing. We thank Thee for the gracious record of our Nation, and for the possibilities of the future that brighten and glorify the days to come. We pray Thee that the respon- sibilities of the present may be adequately met and thai Thy guidance may be sought and obtained by all our citizenship high and low. Wc pray Thy blessing upon Thy servant, the President of the United States, that he may be restored to complete health and strength, and that all Thy people in every office may be guided by Thee. We pray Thy blessing upon each of us that we may be delivered from the mistakes that belong to human nature and that we may seek Thy holy will in all our doings. We thank Thee for the gracious life that the Senate commemorates to-day and for the useful career of our [9] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin departed Mend and father. We pray Thee that the les- sons of his life may be handed down, that we may profit thereby, and that the enrichment may come to us from the virtues that adorned his character. We pray Thy blessing upon every Member of the Senate and upon the homes represented here, that Thy gracious protection and care may be given unto each and every one, that those in sickness may be delivered and strengthened, and that when life shall close with each of us we may look back upon days spent in accordance with Thy plans, to a life used as Thou hast given us wisdom to see it, and enter through the gates into that eternal city where Thy children shall gather when the battle fields of life are over and we come to the day of rest. Grant these things in the name of Our Saviour. Amen. Mr. Svn^anson. Mr. President, I ask for the adoption of the resolutions which I send to the desk. The President pro tempore. The resolutions will be read. The resolutions (S. Res. 347) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as fol- lows: Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, late a Senator from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the Senate, pursuant to its order heretofore made, assembles to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. [10] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia Mr. President: We have convened to-day to pay ap- propriate tribute to the life, character, and achieve- ments of our former colleague. Senator Thomas S. Mar- tin, of Virginia. Having been intimately associated with him for more than 30 years, I appreciate hovv^ inade- quate are my powers of speech to give expression to the profound esteem, friendship, and admiration I enter- tained for him or properly to portray his manly worth and great nobility of character. Under the shadows of a deep personal loss and sorrow in his death, silence, if permissible to me, would have been far preferable to speech. I am fully sensible that in his death I have lost my best, dearest, and most intimate friend. Mr. President, Senator Martin was possessed of such high qualities of mind and character that he would have attained distinction in any line of human endeavor to which he had chosen to direct his energies. He thought directly, clearly. His mind was never encumbered with subtle distinctions nor beclouded by vague and far-distant deductions. He looked at things with a clear, unblinking vision — almost prophetic. No sophistrj^ no alluring elo- quence could hold captive his strong, sturdy sense or induce him to depart from the tried pathway of pru- dence and good judgment into the unknown regions of uncertain adventure or experiment. This rugged granite strength made him a pillar of salvation in hours of doubt, panic, and stress. The more others became disturbed or excited the greater was his composure, his thoughtful [11] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin consideration. This quality inspired confidence and in- sured his leadership. No great commander on a field of battle could exhibit at critical times greater calmness, skill, and resourcefulness than he displayed in the many fierce conflicts which marked his long political life. Senator Martin was not a plausible man, but he was a deeply wise one. Plausibility scintillates and shines upon the surface, but does not penetrate an inch beneath. Wisdom without glitter or glare goes to the deepest depths and sees the very foundation of things. He was wisdom personified. His rare good judgment, his prudent dis- cretion, were so marked and well known that his advice was sought far and wide by those engaged in varied avocations. He was the wisest counselor I ever knevA. Politicians, lawyers, large business men, governors. Sena- tors, Cabinet members, and Presidents sought with con- fidence his advice and conclusions upon delicate and dif- ficult matters. The public little knows the many acts of beneficial legislation, the wise solution of many difficult public questions that were due to his unerring judgment and forcible insistence. His opinion was expressed with the utmost frankness — ^sometimes it was almost brutal in its manly candor and courage. Equivocation and dis- simulation were foreign to his mind and were scorned in all his expressions. He loathed a lie. His opinions were fixed and positive and given regardless of those enter- tained by others. By nature it Avas impossible for him to be a timeserver or incense burner to those in high official position. His intellectual integrity, his candor of expres- sion, he scorned to surrender to anyone. I have fre- quently witnessed exhibitions of this high quality which strikingly displayed his innate greatness and courage. One always obtained from Senator Martin the plain, un- varnished truth as he saw it. He was direct, positive, and [12] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia candid in all dealings with his constituents. He abomi- nated the petty, ingratiating arts of the demagogue and achieved his great political successes by masculine strength and courage. The people of Virginia passionately admired him as a rugged oak where they could seek refuge and shelter in hours of storm and stress. In his long service in the Senate he never shirked a roll call nor dodged an issue. His conclusions were reached after the most thoughtful and careful consideration and when made were fearlessly expressed and firmly adhered to regardless of all personal and political consequences. He scorned by explanation or evasion to avoid full responsibility for any position ever assumed by him on public questions. He never acted hastily, and hence never apologized for his well-formed and firm convictions. These he could always successfully defend with the most cogent and convincing reasons. Mr. President, Senator Martin was without exception the most indefatigable worker I ever knew. He was a marvel of industry and energy. He had no recreation except such as was obtained from varied but incessant work. Possessed of a splendid constitution, always work- ing orderly and intelligently, the amount of work he could eificiently dispose of was prodigious. So great was his capacity for work that he could attend to the smallest wishes of his constituency and still find ample time to study and dispose of the large public questions which his important position placed under his direction. He had a genius for detail. He completely mastered all measures which were under his control in the Senate. His knowl- edge of them was excelled by none. The ease and facility with which he passed so many important measures through the Senate were largely due to the fact that the Senate had full confidence in his judgment and integrity, [13] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin and knew he was fully informed upon all the details and phases of the legislation he proposed. It was wonderful the great mass of detail his memory was able to retain. Mr. President, combined with these admirable, sterling qualities was a heart as loyal to every demand of friend- ship as ever pulsated in human breast. It can be said with equal truth of him, as was said of Old Hickory, President Jackson, " he never failed a friend, he never forgot a favor." No considerations of personal comfort, no appre- hension of personal detriment, no promptings of personal profit could ever induce him to fail a friend or refuse any demand that friendship had a right to claim. This quality was almost a passion with him. How frequently in the political strife of our State have I seen him unhesitatingly and firmly take his stand for loyal friends against excited clamor and when he knew success was not possible. These considerations did not slightly influence him; his loyal heart resolutelj^ determined, despite all personal consequences, fully to meet friendship's demands. This marked characteristic gave him a personal and devoted following equaled by none in our State. Men became at- tached to him with hooks of iron and steel, which nothing could sever. This firm and enthusiastic following gave him a permanency in politics which can never be attained by those who simply strive to sail with popular breezes. No man when convinced of the rectitude of his conduct could more resolutely face a storm. Another quality which he possessed almost to heroic proportions was the composure with which he could meet unavoidable mis- fortunes. He bore his own worries and troubles without burdening others. His life was composed of sparkling sunshine and darkened shadows, each of which he passed through with calm courage. He knew his last illness would be fatal, yet he neither quailed nor quivered when brought face to face with death. [14] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia In his last hours he forcibly reminded me of the noblest of Roman senators, calmly gathering his robes around him and fearlessly meeting inevitable death, which awaits us all. He entertained no apprehensions of the great future beyond. Mr. President, Senator Martin possessed in a preemi- nent degree those domestic virtues and that honorable moral character which are so highly cherished in Virginia and which she scrupulously requires of her public men. He was pure in mind, in thought, and in conduct. No stain ever followed his footsteps. No suggestion of scan- dal, public or private, ever besmirched his fair name. He was the soul of generosity and liberal honorable dealing. Like Virginians, the ties of blood and relationship were strong and enduring. His personal life was one of service and sacrifice for others. From early boyhood, when the loss of his father left him the head and main support of a large family, to his death he toiled and thought more for the comfort of those near and dear to him than for himself. His deep devotion, his constant care of and attention to his aged mother, form beautiful chapters in the stoiy of his magnificent life. He was a most affectionate and re- sponsive brother, a most considerate, devoted, and un- selfish father. He was a husband of rare excellence, pos- sessed of an absorbing love and ever happy in bestowing sweet loving attentions. Those of us who knew him inti- mately realized that several j-^ears ago the large part of his happiness and most of the sunshine of his life was buried in the grave with his beautiful, brilliant, and charm- ing wife. This man of iron strength and resolution gave new graces to social life, brought new charms to domestic felicity. Mr. President, Senator Martin's success was founded more on solid than shining qualities and was builded [15] Memoriai. Addresses: Senator Martin securely on the strong foundation of substantial moral character and thorough reliability. These virtues are indispensable to permanent success in public life. No brilliance of genius, no witchery of oratory, no fasci- nations of personality can supply the deficiency. The possessing of these sterling virtues in a preeminent degree by Andrew Jackson enabled him to repeatedly defeat the genius of Webster and Clay combined. How strikingly is this truth illustrated in the life of Mirabeau, the great Frenchman. Miraubeau was a marvelous character, en- dowed with tireless energy, a resolute courageous heart, a fervid patriotism, a surpassing eloquence. He possessed every virtue but moral character. On account of this de- fect he was never able to obtain the complete confidence of the French people so as to be able to control and direct their destiny. In the hours of his greatest power he never had influence sufficient to stabilize the great reforms he advocated and to place France safely in the pathway of sane betterment. Thus poor France had to endure all the terrors of the Revolution, suffer all the vicissitudes of Napoleon, because her greatest man, the one capable and desirous of saving her, was powerless to do so for lack of strong moral character sufficient to inspire the complete trust of the French people, which was indispensable for the accomplishment of the Herculean task. One of the crying needs of the world to-day is more statesmanship founded in rugged moral character, capable of squarely meeting the difficult problems confronting us and dealing with them with firm hand and resolute will. We need to- day brave, unflinching Catos, fearlessly facing troubles, more than eloquent Ciceros, glozing over evils and lulling us with pleasing platitudes and alluring prophecies. The world seems to acquire each year more exquisite flow^ers, but possesses less rugged oaks for refuge in hours of storm and stress. Many of our public men are like our modern [16] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia clothes, very beautiful in the gaudy colors of their new freshness, but not able to stand the wear and tear of con- tinual use and soon become faded and threadbare. But, Mr. President, this was not true of Senator Martin. On account of the fierce political contests he was continu- ously engaged in, no man ever lived more completely than he in the pitiless light of publicity. Enmity and jealously engaged in every exaggeration of criticism and faultfinding, yet during his long public service each reced- ing year brought him increased confidence, enlarged in- fluence, and greater popularity. Five successive times did the people of Virginia emphasize their trust and affection for him by commissioning him to represent them in this august assembly, the highest honor at their disposal. The last time he had no opposition in the Democratic primary, none in the general election. He was the unanimous choice of the Virginia people. His manly worth, his genu- ine merit, his sturdy character, his valuable and patriotic service had so deeply impressed the people of Virginia that with one accord they demanded he should represent them in these troublous and perilous times. Virginia has bestowed upon Senator Martin honors which she has con- ferred upon but few of her public men. These honors so generously given by a State made illustrious by so many distinguished sons, coming from a people possessed of lofty ideals and traditions inherited from a glorious past, should fill to full measurement any man's pride and ambition. Mr. President, a distinguished writer has well observed that the life of every man is as the wellspring of a stream, whose small beginning is indeed plain to all, but whose ultimate course and destination as it winds through the expanse of years only the Omniscient can discern. Is it to be a nameless brook and will its tiny waters commingling with such others only increase the current of some famed 46666—22 2 [17] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin river? Or is it to receive such rills as a sovereign and be- come a large, magnificent river serving and fertilizing large districts, known far and wide? How forcibly is this exemplified in the life of our departed colleague. Who could have foretold, watching his early beginning, without wealth, unassisted by influential friends, that the day was not far distant when, with only the assistance of his strong arm and resolute will, he would become the most distinguished citizen of the great Commonwealth of Virginia and one of the most influential statesmen of this Nation? The tiny stream born amid the hills of Albemarle has increased and enlarged its current of life until it be- came a large, famed river, bearing on its bosom rich treasures for his State and Nation. His large, full life presents an inspiring story of continuous effort and honest endeavor. We first behold him as a boy matriculated at the Virginia Military Institute during the latter years of the Civil War. He insisted upon volunteering for service in the Confederate Army, but being a mere boy and too young for enlistment, his father compromised the matter by permitting him to attend this famous military institute in order to prepare him for future military service. Dur- ing his attendance here he was most studious, stood high in his classes, and was most observant of the rules of strict discipline required. He was loved and esteemed by his classmates and acquired a leadership in college far be- yond what could be expected in one so young. The friend- ships here formed continued through life, and his boy- hood associates during his long political life were ever his most devoted and determined supporters. The faculty of forming firm ties of friendship and esteem were as marked in his boyhood as in his later days. When the military pressure upon the Confederacy during the last years of the war became overwhelming the corps of cadets at the Virginia Military Institute were ordered to join the [18] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia Confederate Army and participate in the defense of Richmond. Thus, at the age of 16, Senator Martin became a Con- federate soldier and served as such until the collapse of the Confederacy. As a mere boy he cheerfully endured without murmur or complaint all the severe privations, hardships, and dangers incident to the last year of this great war. Language is powerless to describe the intense suffering to which the Confederate soldier was subjected during the concluding months of this war. Only those who passed through the terrible experience can form any conception of the awful destitution in food and clothing. An army surrendered because the government it served had become powerless to arm, feed, and clothe it. Senator Martin served with the Confederate Army around Rich- mond during the time immediately preceding and follow- ing the evacuation of the city and the final collapse of the Confederacy by the surrender of Gen. Lee. When the end finally came and the Confederate Army was practically disbanded and each soldier driven to the necessity of pro- viding for himself, the means employed by this mere boy, amid the general confusions and enveloping dangers to escape capture and to reach his home, form a remarkable record of adventure, daring, and resourcefulness. It evinced that a short army experience had transformed a boy into a capable and courageous man. He was a fine type of the Confederate youth, returning manfully and hopefully to rebuild a prostrate country and to bind up the bleeding wounds produced by a protracted war and to readjust a social and political system which misfortune had overthrown. The rebuilding and development of the South from the ruins of the Civil War is the most marvel- ous story in the history of mankind and furnishes an enduring monument to the ability and patriotism of the returned Confederate soldier. [19] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin Those soldiers, like Senator Martin, made brave from burdens borne and overcome, made patient by sacrifice and long suffering, cherishing to a passion the love of State and section for which they had ventured all, fear- lessly faced an adverse future and directed all the energies of heart, mind, and body to restore to their beloved South its former prosperity, greatness, and power. The wonder- ful work achieved bears everlasting testimony to the in- dustry and genius of the architects. The world never possessed a more self-reliant and resolute class of men than those that directed the destiny of the South imme- diately following the Civil War. Mr. President, returning home. Senator Martin devoted all his energies to the completion of his education and proper equipment for the practice of law as a profession. He attended the University of Virginia, was noted for his studious habits and strong, lucid mind. Being thoroughly prepared for the practice of law, he was admitted to the bar and located at Scottsville, in Albemarle County, a small town, where he was born and had resided. By in- dustry, strict attention to business, honesty, and frankness in dealing with clients, and his great ability as a lawyer and advocate, he soon acquired a large and lucrative prac- tice in Albemarle and all the surrounding counties. There were few important cases in his section of the State in which his services were not engaged. He regularly at- tended the county and circuit courts of more than half a dozen adjacent counties. There is no greater school in the world for the development of clear, logical reasoning, cogent and forcible expression, ready resourcefulness, and efficient management of men than that furnished by the practice of law on country circuits. Far from elaborate libraries and legal authorities, law- yers were compelled to settle intricate and delicate ques- tions of law by force of their own logical reasoning and [20] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia argument or effective persuasion to court and jur3\ Legal contests became a severe clash of mind and not a race of industry in collecting authorities and decisions. From this school have emerged our most eminent lawyers, orators, and statesmen. From it came Patrick Henrj% the most eloquent and effective of all American orators; Chief Justice John Marshall, the greatest of all modern judges; also Douglas, Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Clay, and many others, who constitute our most distinguished and successful of public men. Those who are capable of suc- cessfully surviving the severe mental contests here daily encountered become equipped for service in any arena. Senator Martin practiced for years in a circuit com- posed of counties the members of whose bars were noted for their ability and learning, and he attained great pre- eminence among the distinguished lawyers with whom he came in contact. His reputation for legal ability and learning was so marked that there was a widespread movement to elect him to the court of appeals, the highest judicial tribunal of our State. I am sure this would easily have been accomplished if he had consented. But for his refusal he would have become a member of this high court, and I am sure would have become distinguished as a great jurist, whose legal acumen and learning would have adorned our judicial history. Mr, President, while assiduously engaged in the prose- cution of his legal profession, like all country lav^ers, Senator Martin took a deep and active interest in politics and became the most potential and controlling factor in the politics of his section of the State. The people of the counties in which he practiced, knowing him inti- mately and entertaining for him an abiding confidence and esteem, early accepted his leadership, and all through his political career were his enthusiastic supporters and admirers. !'21] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin From early manhood he took a profound interest m the important public questions agitating his State, and the wise solution of many of these was the product of his brain and bore the impress of his forceful hand. He was largely instrumental in the final settlement of the State debt of Virginia on a basis just and fair to all con- cerned, and thus brought financial and political peace to the State, which for years had been agitated by unseemly political divisions and unfortunate financial distress. Modest, unassuming, never seeking publicity, willing to work and let others receive the credit, years before it was generally known he was the guiding spirit in the management of the Democratic Party of Virginia; its wisest and most trusted adviser. The leaders of the party from all sections of the State continuously sought his counsel and assistance. For years, with no prospect of personal advancement, his time and means were un- selfishly and unstintingly given to the service of his party. When Mr. John S. Barbour was elected chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia, under whose leadership the control of the State was rescued from the opposition party, during the years he held this position Senator Martin as a member of the executive committee was his closest, most trusted adviser; the man to whom he looked more than all others for guidance and assistance. Sen- ator Martin justly received a part of the great credit accorded his able chieftain for the splendid victories achieved. When Senator Barbour suddenly died many of the Democratic leaders who were acquainted with Senator Martin's valuable and unselfish work in behalf of the party and knew his great ability and industry, united with the party's younger element and insisted that Sen- ator Martin should become a candidate for the United [23] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia States Senate as Mr. Barbour's successor. Not until then had the thought of political preferment stirred Senator Martin's aspirations. He consented and precipitated one of the closest, fiercest political fights ever waged in Virginia, finally winning over Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, a gallant and distinguished Confederate officer, a man of great charm, ability, and deserved popularity. This contest engendered bitterness and produced political divisions which lasted for years. However, when in 1918 Senator Martin was reelected for the fifth time to the United States Senate as the unanimous choice of all parties and all the people of Virginia, it was clearly demonstrated that these enmities were obliterated, these party divisions had faded, and that around his strong personality clus- tered the confidence, esteem, and afTection of an entire State. Worth, merit, and service had thus won a great triumph and been properly acclaimed by an appreciative people. Mr. President, when Senator Martin entered the Senate in 1895, the few following years it was composed of men of unusual capacity and distinction. There were times be- fore in its history when it contained a few men of supe- rior merit and eminence, when it possessed towering giants like Clay, Webster, and Calhoun, but never before, nor since, has the average ability of its Members been sur- passed. The Senate was replete with men whose ability, eloquence, and genius would have adorned the legislative body of any age or country. The verj"^ mention of their names recalls animated debates, stirring scenes, historic incidents, and important legislation with which they were connected. Serving in the Senate at the time was Hoar, of Massa- chusetts, author of innumerable judicial acts, a great law- yer, eloquent, and scholarly; Daniel, of Virginia, a great [23] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin law writer, an orator of marvelous eloquence and polish; Morgan, of Alabama, an encyclopedia of information, pos- sessed of a facility and purity of expression never sur- passed; Depew, of New York, able, pleasing, and scintil- lating with wit and sunshine; Vest, of Missouri, whose every sentence glistened with brilliance, wit, epigram, and sarcasm, the very Rupert of debate; Hale, of Maine, a ready, incisive debater, a most dangerous antagonist; Harris, of Tennessee, the best parliamentarian in the body, sharp and incisive in speech, swift and direct in ac- tion, overwhelming in repartee; Blackburn, of Kentucky, genial, lovable, with a copious flow of rich, stirring elo- quence; Allison, of Iowa, always calm and composed, logi- cal and persuasive in statement, possessed of unbounded wisdom and prudence; Gorman, of Maryland, most astute manager of men, able and farsighted, leader of the Demo- cratic minority; Aldrich, of Rhode Island, the maker of tariffs, financial expert, whose master mind and skillful hand dominated the Republican majority; Quay, of Penn- sylvania, Piatt, of New York, Hanna, of Ohio — three of the most masterful political managers this country ever pro- duced; illuminating the Senate with ability and learning were Teller, of Colorado; Davis, of Minnesota; Proctor, of Vermont; Jones, of Arkansas; and many others whom time will not permit me to mention. It was a splendid body of men, comporting themselves with the dignity and reserve expected of the greatest parliamentary body in the world. While the atmosphere of the Senate was cold and austere, yet its proceedings were conducted with a stately decorum, with such profound respect for the Sen- ate's past high traditions, that the assembly inspired uni- versal confidence and esteem. This was a body in which sham and pretense could make no progress. Entering the Senate, composed of [24] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia men of such genuine capacity and character. Senator Mar- tin wisely pursued the course that soon brought him the esteem and confidence of the Members. He engaged in no dramatic performances, made no spectacular speeches to obtain publicity or notoriety, but scrupulously and con- scientiously discharged every duty assigned him by the Senate. He was constant in his attendance at the daily sessions and an indefatigable and efficient vvorker upon all the committees to which he was appointed. He early demonstrated that he was a working, useful Senator, who did things and not merely talked about things. He con- sidered a good piece of legislation silently enacted far more desirable than a brilliant, sensational speech de- livered. His elTorts ran to useful achievements, not to frequent speeches. He believed the Senate was a legisla- tive body and should promptly enact needed legislation, and strongly disapproved of its perversion into an arena for mere oratorical display to enhance the reputation of the speaker or to serve propaganda purposes. When he spoke he addressed himself directly to the pending ques- tion; was sincere, earnest, clear, and convincing, and always had the attention of the entire Senate. The Sen- ate realized that when Senator Martin was prompted to speak he had something important to say on a vital ques- tion, that he had mastered the matter in all its details and far-reaching effects, and that his acknowledged wisdom and prudence demanded his suggestions should receive the most serious consideration. Without oratorical dis- play or ornamentation, he was a most forceful speaker. When interrupted he was ready and effective in rejoinder, and in debate able and skillful. He never used written, prepared speeches, yet his diction was fine, his words aptly selected, and he studiously avoided all superfluity' of expression. His speeches were so correct when deliv- ered that he rarely, if ever, subjected them to revision. [25] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin He was most courteous and considerate to all Senators. No Senator possessed in a greater degree the universal good will, friendship, and esteem of the entire body than did Senator Martin. From the time he entered the Senate until his death he daily increased in influence and reputa- tion. His was an enduring growth, founded on strength and substantial merit. He sought to shun the meteoric reputation obtained by blazing a few days athwart the skies of public attention and then disappearing forever into the infinity of oblivion. At the time of his death Senator Martin was firmly established in the confidence of the Senate and country as one of our ablest public men, one whose advice and direc- tion were wise and invaluable. Mr. President, as leader of the Democratic majority in the Senate, as chairman of the Committee on Appropria- tions, Senator Martin had imposed upon him a responsi- bility and exercised an influence in the prosecution of the war with Germany second only to that of the President of the United States. A larger part of the appropriations necessary for the conduct of the war emanated from his committee; these bills, and many other important meas- ures, indispensable for a successful and vigorous waging of war, passed the Senate under his guidance and direction. The great work thus accomplished by him can not be overestimated. To secure the prompt passage of these measures, many of which encountered much opposition, required the exercise of great parliamentary skill and leadership. His tact, his ability to reconcile differences, to propitiate opposition, to unite discordant elements in his own party, were never displayed to greater advantage than during this war; and through the exercise of these qualities so preeminently possessed by him many a bill, the passage of which at first seemed hopeless, finally [26] Address of Mr. Swanson, of Virginia received legislative sanction. His calm patience, his constant persistence, his restrained silence, secured the passage of his measures with marked ease and prompt- ness. The Senate recognized that when he took charge of a bill its passage through the Senate was assured within a reasonable time and with little change and no mutilation. The facility with which he secured the passage of legisla- tion was almost unrivaled. He was never known, as others have been, to destroy his bill by his own intermi- nable debate. He studiously refrained from speech except when it was absolutely necessary. Mr. President, the heavy burdens and weighty responsi- bilities imposed upon Senator Martin by the important position held by him during the war were greater than his strength could bear. His unceasing work, day and night, without rest or recreation, the continuous pressure upon him as leader of the majorit5% and the anxieties and responsibilities incident to the position undermined his health and left him at the conclusion of the w ar a physical wreck. Despite the solemn warning his physicians gave him that unless he desisted from his strenuous life fatal results might ensue, and the constant solicitations of his friends not to destroy his health, he firmly refused in the critical time of the war to abandon his post of duty, and thus unselfishly and patriotically sacrificed his life to public service. It is by the lives and sacrifice of such men as Senator Martin that States and nations progress along correct lines and are made strong and great. A poet has well expressed it : What builds a nation's pillars high And makes it great and strong? What makes it mighty to defy The foes that 'round it throng? [27] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin Not gold, but only men can make A nation great and strong; Men who for truth and honor's sake Hold still and suffer long. Brave men who work while others sleep, Who dare when others sigh; They build a nation's pillars deep And lift it to the sky. [28] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts Mr. President: I had been two years a Senator when Senator Martin entered the Senate. We served together for a quarter of a century, and during that time I came to know him very well, our friendship, although we were of different parties, increasing with each succeeding year. There is a large opportunity for the growth of friendship in the Senate, because, after all, it is here that our waking hours are chiefly passed and our fellow Senators are men whom we see every day and with whom we are engaged steadily and for long periods in a common work for a common purpose. When the contemporary service of two Senators reaches to 25 years, the constant relationship necessarily draws them very closely together. In this way opportunity was given me to know Senator Martin very well, and the more I knew him the more attached I became to him. He had never held public office until he came to the Senate, differ- ing in that respect from most of his colleagues, but from the start he showed his large natural capacity for the im- portant work of legislation, and, wholly apart from the party measures, which, after all, do not occupy most of the time, he proved himself a thoroughly good legislator, following all the business and earnest to secure the best results. He was a man of strong opinions which he sus- tained with great vigor and persistence. This was shown by his service in the Confederate Army when he was a mere boy, and the same qualities went with him through life. He was a thorough American, devoted to his country and his State, and anything un-American not only met with no sympathy from him but roused his energetic re- sistance. He was attached to all the traditions of the [29] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin country, to those policies by which the country has been built up and which are distinctively American. Never were such men more needed than at this precise time, and although he had passed the Psalmist's age, his departure leaves a great gap in the Senate to those who had long served with him. He was always zealous for the prompt transaction of the public business, and the delays which sometimes charac- terize the Senate tried his patience severely. He often said to me that there was no subject which a man could not discuss sufficiently in an hour, and he did not suffer long speeches gladly. But he could always be depended upon to drive forward the business of the Government and the legislation necessary to carry on that Government properly and efficiently. In all personal relations he was one of the most agreeable and companionable of men and a good friend if there ever was one. He was above all things loyal; in his early days loyal to his State and to the cause which his State then espoused, proud of her great traditions and of the service which she had rendered throughout our history. He was equally loyal to the United States when he became one of the great body which plays so large a part in the National Government. But his loyalty of disposition did not stop at principles of govern- ment or the traditions of the Nation and the State. He was loyal to his friends. Whether they were of the same party as lie or not made no difference. If he had once admitted a man to his personal friendship, he was always loyal to him, and I have seen him on the floor of the Senate resent with characteristic warmth a base attack upon a Senator of the opposite party with the same earnestness with which he would have resented an attack upon one of his own political faith. Qualities like these never fail to make a man lovable, and while he had the respect of everyone he also commanded their affection. He rose to [30] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts be the leader of his party in the Senate, and no man ever filled that responsible position better than he. Such a man whenever death comes can not but be a great loss. It is commonly and truthfully said that there are no in- dispensable men, but there are, nevertheless, those whose place, whether in friendship or in public life, it is very hard to fill and who leave behind them a vacant place of which all men who have been privileged to know them are deeply sensible. The Senate has been deprived by Senator Martin's death of a man who added honor to its long his- tory and who will be sadly missed by the friends whom he made in public life who best knew his worth, his warm affections, and his many admirable and attaching quali- ties. He worked on despite increasing illness, with no abatement of interest in the questions before him and no diminution in his ruling determination that all duties should be conscientiously performed. Whatever his years, he was always young in mind, in heart, and in feeling. He died as he would have wished to die — in harness, with faculties undimmed, and he faced the end with all the per- sonal courage which had gone with him through life. [31] Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland Mr. President: The world will always be the debtor to the State of Virginia for the great men she has given so generously and abundantly to the service of civilization. Washington, Jefferson, Henry, Madison are the first of that brilliant and imperishable company. And now we have gathered to do honor to another great son of Vir- ginia — Thomas S. Martin. It is not too much praise to say that in prophetic wisdom, loftiness, and purity of character and exalted patriotism he is without doubt worthy to be classed with those other great characters, now historic, and to whom he was so lately joined. For Thomas S. Martin grew white and grew poor in the performance of unostentatious, diligent, self-sacri- ficing service to his country. There is a wholesome, indeed glorifying, lesson to be learned from his deliberate abandonment of the brilliant professional career, his for the taking, and which prom- ised certain and large returns, in wealth, distinction, and ease, to carry on so faithfully his too often unappreciated public work for his State and his country in this body. Few can fully appreciate or assess the priceless worth of his life and labor for the public welfare. Throughout it all, gradually growing poorer in worldly goods, he forgot his own advancement, his own loss, in his consuming desire to enrich the world by his efforts. To do his duty in his chosen field, as he saw it, was to him only worth while; that alone was to him priceless. His rugged, healthy, intellectual honesty accepted no compro- mise where principle was involved. His brains and hands [32] Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland knew no rest when there was work for the Republic to be done. His loyalty to his convictions, his rare devotion to his many friends, his culture and clean heart, made all who knew him love him and few more than I. His all he gave his country ungrudgingly. No man could give more; do more. And we in this Chamber, as do the people of the land, who with us mourn his death, find ourselves powerless, helpless, to fill the unique place he so long held by un- disputed title. Senator Martin's was a nature born to leadership. He was preeminently a leader always, though often without wishing to be. He left his work as leader here reluctantly. For months with inflinching courage he looked forward to the end, fully realizing his desperate physical condition. His regret even upon the eve of approaching dissolution was not that he must die, but rather that he must die leav- ing his task uncompleted, especially that the sort of peace he desired for the world to have must be made by other hands, if at all. Historians can point to no finer record among English- speaking statesmen, idealized throughout the centuries past, than we have been privileged to see here for our- selves in the character and daily walk of Thomas Staples Martin. His inspiring life and example must in many effective ways persist, and can not fail to stimulate those of us who respect his ideals and love his memory to seek the more earnestly to carry forward the torch that lately fell from our leader's dying hands. 46666—22 -3 [33] Address of Mr. Warren, of Wyoming Mr. President: It has been said, evidently by a some- what misanthropic person, that human glory is but dust and ashes, and that we mortals are no more than shadows in pursuit of shadows. But who can say that a man who has lived an upright and useful life for more than 72 years; who has devoted nearly a quarter of a century to the service of the public; who, like Abou Ben Adhem of old, has loved his fellow men, and has been fair and square in his dealings with them — who can say that he has lived in vain, and that when he passes to the great beyond he has left behind only dust and ashes, and shadows vanished and forgotten? Such a man, possessing the qualities I have enumerated, was our beloved colleague. Senator Martin. An Ameri- can through and through, a devoted worker in the interest of every cause which he believed to be beneficial to his country, and a man of splendid judgment as well, his departure meant a great loss to us personally and to the Senate officially. All of us here recognized the fact that he was endowed with qualities such as are possessed by all men who follow political activities as a sort of " second nature." His abil- ity to make and keep strong friendships, and to inspire and retain the respect of all who knew him, both friends and mere acquaintances, were among his many splendid attributes. Thomas Staples Martin was born at Scottsville, Albe- marle County, Va., on July 29, 1847, where he lived until about 10 years ago. He then bought an estate near Char- lottesville, which was his home until Death claimed him. [34] Address of Mr. Warren, of Wyoming In his youth he was a member of the battalion of cadets of the Virginia Military Institute, and he took part in the military service of the Confederate States, participating in the Battle of New Market and other engagements. He began practicing law in the year 1869, and during the remainder of his life he devoted much time to that profession. For more than 24 years he served the people of his State and of the country at large as a Member of the United States Senate, where his usefulness was continuously rec- ognized and greatly appreciated by all of us who have had the honor of serving with him. As we know, his seniority, as well as his ability and his capacity for hard work, finally brought him to the chair- manship of the Committee on Appropriations, where, dur- ing the war period, the great burdens of the country's money problems were constantly present. Senator Mar- tin's responsibilities then became far greater than his physical endurance; but, regardless of the advice of friends and physicians, he remained on duty throughout that troublous period of our country's history and until stricken by the serious illness which five months later caused his untimely death. As a matter of fact, he gave his life to his country in time of war just as our brave soldiers did who made the supreme sacrifice on the battle fields of France. Such service, while there is nothing dramatic or sensa- tional about it, was of inestimable worth to our Govern- ment. Senator Martin, a superior man by nature, had also the great assets of long experience as a legislator, years of devoted study of his country's needs, his memory of the lessons taught us by the Spanish-American War, which occurred during his first term as a Member of this body, and a sense of conscientious devotion to duty such as one does not find so keenly developed in the hearts of [35] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin all public servants. He did not work for name or fame, for gratitude or glorification, but to fulfill his patriotic obligation to his Government to the best of his ability. I lost a good and valued friend when Senator Martin was taken from us, and I shall always cherish in memory the pleasure and satisfaction i derived from service with him during our many years together as fellow committee- men and fellow Senators. When the great day of judgment comes, the roll call of the State of Virginia will carry the names of many hon- ored and illustrious dead. But present and future gen- erations of the Old Dominion's children will hold no name in higher esteem than that of her beloved son, Thomas Staples Martin. [36] Address of Mr. Hitchcock, of Nebraska Mr. President : I deem it a privilege to be permitted to say a few words in memory of Virginia's great Senator whom we have gathered to honor to-day. During the turmoil of life and in the midst of the strug- gles and controversies of the Senate, we see as through a glass darkly. We are not always able to measure cor- rectly the characteristics, the abilities, and the services of a public man. When death comes, however, and we look back upon the scenes through which we have passed, a clearer light is thrown upon the individual and upon his services, and certain qualities stand out in bold relief. With Senator Martin it seems to me to be peculiarlj^ true that his great value as a public man was due in a large re- spect to his strength in what we call the homely virtues. The Senator from Virginia, Mr. Swanson, has delivered a beautiful tribute to his late colleague, and has analyzed his character in a most impressive way. What seemed to me to be the commanding quality in Senator Martin's character was his strength, and with that I include his courage, his steadiness of purpose, his determination to do his duty. In these days, Mr. President, when the people of the United States are perhaps confronted with a disposition of many to shirk duty, the services and the life of Sena- tor Martin stand as a splendid example. It appears to me that one of the consequences of this war has been a sort of moral let down in all walks of life, a disposition quite general on the part of each individual to look after himself, to do as little as he can and get as much as he may. Senator Martin's life was laid along lines exactly contrary to that. He gave up more than 25 [37] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin years of that life, more than a quarter of a century in time, to the service of his State, the service of his people, the service of the United States; and when I say he gave it up I am only echoing what has already been said, that his life here in Washington was one of continuous, unre- mitting industry and service. Think of the countless hours he spent in hard com- mittee work; think of the endless days he spent in strug- gles in this Chamber; think of the thousands of trips he made to the departments here in Washington on public business or representing his constituents; think of all that he did for others during those 25 years, and you will real- ize that his life was an unselfish one; that it was a life of service and not a life of self-interest and self-promotion. As has already been said, his work was characterized by a strict adherence to his sense of duty. He had a con- tempt for anything in the nature of a shirker or pretender. He was brief and to the point. He was quick in reaching his decisions, as well as careful, and he was firm in adher- ing to them. He despised insincerity and hypocrisy. He had no use for the insincere man. He was direct and open and frank. Mr. President, Senator Martin represented in an un- usual degree a link between the past and the present. In this body there remain only a very few who occupy that position to-day. His life went back to the days of the Civil War, and it came forward to the days of the reconstituted American Republic. He represented the old as well as the new, and not many with that experience still remain in public life. Mr. President, it was my privilege to count Senator Martin as my friend, and there are few men whom I have known whose friendship was more sincere, more disinter- ested, or more steadfast. [38] Address of Mr. Hitchcock, of Nebraska Senator Martin represented an element of great value in the public service of the United States. He repre- sented a conservative element. The service he rendered to his country, however, was not confined to the exercise of a conservative judgment, but he became conspicuous and active, as his colleague has shown, in pushing to passage in the Senate the remarkable list of constructive acts of the present administration, done very largely under his leadership. In mourning to-day the death of this great representa- tive leader from Virginia the Senate does well to pa^^ tribute to his memory. The State of Virginia has lost one of her eminent men, one of her men who will be known in history, and the Senate has lost one of its most valu- able Members, as his work here during a quarter of a century abundantly testifies. [39] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota Mr. President: Thomas S. Martin became a Member of the Senate on the 4th of March, 1895. Fourteen other Senators began their service in the Senate at the same time. Of this number all but four are dead, and of the living one is still in the Senate; and of the dead the follow- ing-named six died in the service of the Senate : Augustus O, Bacon, Stephen B. Elkins, John H. Gear, William J. Sewell, Benjamin R. Tillman, and Thomas S. Martin, who was the last of the number to die and was the longest in the service of the Senate. In the face of such a list of our departed associates, all men of high character and pronounced ability, we can not avoid reflecting upon the transitory character of human life and human activity, even among the bravest and the best. But while the span of life and activity may be brief and appear perishable, the result of the useful and good done and accomplished survives, though not always and for the moment visible, and is the chief legacy of our existence. There is in the moral and intellectual world no broader or nobler field of usefulness than in a legislative body such as the United States Senate, which has jurisdiction not only over domestic affairs but also, to some extent, over foreign affairs. Legislators approach their duties from two different angles and on two different theories. One class seem to have no pronounced opinion on any important public question, but seek to be guided solely by what they conceive to be the opinion of the majority of the people they represent, without any regard to the intrinsic merits of the question. In other words, they court what [40] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota they regard as most popular, even if their own judgment tells them it is unwise. Another class take a more serious and conservative view of their duty. While they are not oblivious of the views of the pubJic, the masses of the people, if you please, j'et they feel that it is their duty to exercise their own best judgment on great public ques- tions, and if their judgment runs counter to public opin- ion for the time being they feel that it is their duty not only to act rightly and justly and according to their best judgment but also to aim to instruct and to lead public opinion into the right channels. In other words, that they should not only be real leaders and guides in legislation but that they should also be real guides and instructors for their constituency. The masses of the public may sometimes, through misinformation or lack of informa- tion, go astray. In such a case it is the duty of the repre- sentative to give his constituency the necessary informa- tion and to guide them into true and just premises and conclusions. The class I have first mentioned is, in the main, of a more modern type than the other class, and seems to some extent to be an outcome of the evolution that has taken place in recent years in our systems of nominations and elections. Most of our prominent and leading legislators of former times, of bygone days, appear to have belonged to the second class to which I have referred. These great men of the past did not regard themselves as mere legislative automatons, to register temporary fluctuations of the so- called public pulse. They felt that first of all their con- stituents were entitled to the exercise of their best judg- ment and opinion on all great public questions, that this was an important part of their legislative functions. While they were willing to hear all and to counsel with all, yet, like jurymen, they must render their own judg- [41] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin ment upon the law and facts of the case in hand and act accordingly. More than this, if it turned out that there was a conflict between their views and the views of their constituents founded on ignorance or misapprehension, then it was their duty to instruct, educate, and guide their constituents into the right channels and proper conclu- sion. The finest and greatest example of statesmen of this school is found in the inen who framed our Federal Con- stitution. They formulated that great instrument accord- ing to their own opinions and upon their own judgment, without listening to clamor or voices from the outside; and when their work was assailed, after its completion, feeling that they were right, they defended it boldly, heroically, and effectively in speech and press against all assaults, and in the end secured its adoption after a great educational campaign. Senator Martin belonged, by mental and moral equip- ment, to this school of legislators and statesmen. He came from good Virginia stock; had a liberal education in his native State, both of a civil and military character; be- came a good, sound, and reliable lawyer; and, above all, proved himself independent, trustworthy, fearless, reli- able, and of sound judgment, both in private and public aff'airs. When he entered the Senate he came mentally and morally well equipped for the task, and he assumed the work of legislation in a serious and conservative spirit, determined to bear his full share of the legislative burden and to exercise his best judgment on all public questions. Experience has long ago made it manifest to us who have been a long time in the Senate, as well as to others, that legislative activity is, in the main, exercised through two groups or classes of Senators. The members of one class are faithful and industrious in their committee work and in formulating and preparing legislative measures for the action of the Senate, while not as a rule participating [42] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota to any great extent in the debates, beyond giving brief ex- planations and answering questions. Members of the other class give little or no attention to committee work, but devote their attention to the debate and discussion of legislative measures and public questions, elucidating and expounding the same from all angles and standpoints, and in this manner advising their colleagues as to the merits of measures that may have been overlooked by the com- mittees, and, above all, keeping the public in touch with what is pending and going on in the halls of legislation. Members of this class, owing to the character of their work, are rather more in the limelight than those of the former class. Senator Martin, in his legislative activity, belonged, in the main, to the first of these groups. He was a most faith- ful and industrious attendant of all meetings of commit- tees of which he was a member, rendering in all such cases most valuable and efficient service. I can bear witness to this fact, for I was associated with him on one of the im- portant committees of the Senate during nearly all his service in this body. He was one of the most energetic of committee workers — fearless, thorough, and self-con- tained. And while his greatest task was in committee work, he was also a good debater. Measures that he had in charge on the floor of the Senate he would expound in an instructive and convincing manner, never failing to meet all questions propounded to him in a candid and convincing spirit. He was, above all things, fearless and independent. With him it was always a question as to what was for the best of our country. Public clamor, if not based on jus- tice and righteousness, made scant impression on him, and while he was beyond a question devoted to his State, yet his loyalty to the Union, to our common country and its interests, was ever uppermost and foremost in his [431 Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin thought and labors. He was emphatically a most pro- nounced exponent of the new South. He was actuated by the sentiment — Let the dead past bury its dead. Act, act in the living present, Heart within and God o'erhead. He was not given to what I term mere academic oratory or debate. He was content to confine his discussion to pending or proposed measures, and never indulged in mere political oratory. As a debater he was instructive, sincere, earnest, and convincing, and as such often proved a balm on the flights of oratory of an opponent. He was a pronounced and determined enemy of all shams and of all camouflage. Neither was he a man of lofty airs or high pretensions. He was a plain, hard-working, and most in- dustrious Senator, who was content to do his work and allotted task without the blare of trumpets and beating of cymbals. He aimed at practical and wholesome results, and to this he devoted his energy and his life. A Senate composed of such men as Senator Martin would never go far astray and would be more likely to formulate and en- act needed measures for the welfare of the country than a mere galaxy of orators, however gifted they might be as such. Mere oratory may lubricate the legislative wheels, but it hardly ever furnishes the real material or the real labor. During the last year of the Civil War Senator Martin was a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute, and as such served in the Confederate forces during the closing days of the war. He and Senator Bankhead, who soon followed him in death, were the last survivors of the Confederate armies in this Chamber. Two soldiers of the Union armies are still in our midst, both advanced in years. When they are finally mustered out, which can not be far off, this [44] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota Chamber will have no longer in its ranks any representa- tive of those mighty hosts which more than 50 years ago so heroically and bravely struggled for supremacy. While the cause of the Union won, the glory of the soldier, Union and Confederate alike, survives. They were all Ameri- cans, and all fought as only Americans can fight; and their descendants who fought in the late World War have demonstrated that they could fight as bravely and as hero- ically, side by side and shoulder to shoulder, as their an- cestors did on opposite sides in the days of the Civil War. Virginia has been represented by many great statesmen and great orators in the United States Senate, men of great renown and famous throughout the land, but none of them has rendered more faithful or more efficient service as a legislator than Senator Martin. His work may not have been of that meteoric character, as was the work of some of his predecessors, but in substantial, far-reaching, and beneficial results the burden he bore and the task he performed stand second to none. Virginia can well be proud of such a legislative record of faithfulness to public duty and public trust. [45] Address of Mr. Simmons, of North Carolina Mr. President: I do not rise to eulogize but to pay a loving tribute to the memory of a departed friend. When I entered this body, now over 19 years ago, I found Senator Martin here. There was then in the Senate a galaxy of distinguished men, most of whom have since passed away, but whose names are indissolubly linked with the history of the Nation. Already the then junior Senator from Virginia, just entering upon his second term, had found his way into the inner circles of this distinguished group, and had become a potential factor in the work and deliberations of the Senate. During all the intervening years of his service here his influence, never waning, grew steadily and continuously, finally culminating in his selection to the position of leader of his party, which position he held at the time of his death. It goes without saying that no man could retain for 24 years the prominent position Senator Martin held in this body without being a man of high qualities both of mind and heart. During all these years he enjoyed the full confidence and esteem of the entire membership of this body, and I am sure I can safely say no Senator enjoyed greater or more universal popularity with his associates. Though his manner sometimes seemed brusque, all recog- nized it as the brusqueness of a direct and frank nature rather than of ill temper, for no one who knew him well, or came in close touch with him, could fail to discover the kindness and cordiality of his disposition and the innate gentleness of his spirit. Senator Martin, though a convincing speaker and a forceful and resourceful debater, was not an orator. In [46] Address of Mr. Simmons, of North Carolina the Senate he seldom spoke, and never long. Indeed, he seemed rather to shrink from forensic conflict, but he did not falter in this respect if he thought it necessary and expedient in the accomplishment of his purpose, or in the support or furtherance of the interest or position for which he stood, and when he did speak it was because he had something worth while to say, and he said it with a direct- ness and forcefulness that challenged attention and put his adversaries upon their mettle. All of his speeches were characterized by directness, and were never obscure, either in statement or implication. His industry was remarkable and unremitting. During his whole service in the Senate he was a close attendant upon its sittings. Generally, except when in attendance upon the important committees of which he was a mem- ber, he was to be found in his seat. His unflagging inter- est, energj% and industry in the discharge of every duty and function of his great office were notable and excep- tional. His equipoise was splendid. He was always steady and calm. With tireless patience and industry he pursued the even tenor of his way, giving to every public matter committed to his charge and in which he was interested the most thorough study and consideration; and thus it came about that no man in this body was better equipped than he for the work before him. Beyond doubt the possession of these high qualities and traits measurably contributed to his usefulness, standing, and position in the Senate; but they were not and could not, of course, have been the main source of his great and long-sustained influence and power in a body which appraises and measures its membership with impartial exactitude. His great influence and success as a Senator and statesman w^as chiefly due to his open-minded frank- [47] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin ness, his moral and intellectual integrity and courage, and his sound judgment and level headedness. I know of no man who has served in the Senate since I have been here whose counsel and advice were more highly esteemed by his associates and carried more weight than his. "What does Martin think?" was an inquiry often made by Senators in connection with their discus- sions of difficult and mooted questions. The unusual esteem in which his associates in the Senate held his judg- ment and advice was not due altogether to the confidence entertained in his ability to analyze difficult and abstruse problems, and reach a sound conclusion, though that was great, but it was in large part the result of their confidence in his moral and intellectual integrity and courage. They knew he was as sincere, courageous, and honest in thought as in action. They knew the opinions which he declared were those which he had reached, and that they were devoid of all elements of subterfuge or dissimulation. Somewhat brusque in manner, at times seeming a little callous, his spirit was gentle, and his heart beat in unison with that of his fellow men, and nothing gave him keener pleasure than to serve them. No man possessed in a higher degree the spirit of patriotism and service than he. He was not an ambitious man, and cared but little for money; and it was not ambition or lust for power or gain that caused him to devote the best part of his life to the service of his State, his country, and his fellow man. Thus it came about that the fruitage of his life, the reward of his toils and struggles, were not the things that appeal to selfishness, but the things that were helpful to his fellow men and his country. While he left but little of this world's goods, though he wrought constantly and had lived frugally, he left w^hat is infinitely more to be desired — a record of splendid and useful achievement, an [48] Address of Mr. Simmons, of North Carolina honorable name unstained, and an enduring sense of gratitude in the hearts of his countrymen. It is gratifying to know that when the end came he passed peacefully away, and that " like a shadow thrown softly and sweetly from a passing cloud, death fell upon him." It is comforting to his associates here and to those who loved him to have the assurance of our religion that, though dead, he still liveth. " I know that my Redeemer liveth, and if He live I know I, too, shall live." The day has come, not gone; The sun has risen, not set; His life is now beyond The reach of death or change; Not ended, but begun. 46666—22 4 [40] Address of Mr. Jones, of Washington Mr. President: We form our judgments and opinions of men we do not know from the things we hear and read of them. This opinion and judgment is more or less molded by our views of questions we are interested in or by our personal bias. Tliis leads to wrong and often- times unjust impressions. The things we hear or read may come from a prejudiced source. They may appeal to our own prejudices, partisan or otherwise, and this often leads us into grievous error. I have known men of national prominence toward whom the popular view was wholly wrong and very unjust. At any rate, a personal acquaintance with them changed my view and proved to me that they were the reverse of what they were said to be and what the public believed them to be. To a degree this was my experience with Senator Martin. I had met him only casually before I entered the Senate. I had read more or less of him and had seen va- rious references to his work and views in the papers. My impression was not a favorable one. I thought him to be a man of narrow, partisan views, of rather unscrupulous methods, of reactionary tendencies, and what is com- monly called a " machine man," with ail that that implies. How wholly wrong I was in this opinion I had the pleasure of telling him before he passed away; and I am glad to give this testimony for the Record, not only as a proper tribute to him but in the hope that it may cause some one to be slow in passing adverse judgment upon those they do not know, and especially upon public men whose duty it is to consider carefully all phases of the questions upon [50] Address of Mr. Jones, of Washington which they must act and then do what they believe is for the best interests of their country. I was not long in this body till I became aware of the universal esteem in which Senator Martin was held by his colleagues, regardless of party, and those who had known him longest seemed to esteem him highest. It was not long until my views and impressions about him began to change. I looked for those things my impressions led me to expect. I did not find them. He was open, frank, fair, honest, and just in his dealings. Rather brusque in man- ner, he was withal kind, considerate, and tender. He was firm and positive in his opinions, but you instinctively felt that he was honest and conscientious in his views. He was a strong partisan, but, above all, he was a patriot, and whatever he did was done for his country's ultimate good and with a belief that the action he took was for his coun- try's good. He was often referred to as a " reactionary " or a " standpat " or a " conservative " Democrat. He was so in the sense that every honest, conscientious, and patriotic man stands firmly for what he thinks is right and refuses to follow what he believes to be wrong. Senator Martin may not have agreed with many of the proposals ad- vanced for the uplift of the people, but what he did be- lieve in and the measures he stood for he thought were for their good, and he was as honest and sincere in his opinions as those who disagreed with him. He may not have agreed with those few who would have the Govern- ment help and support its citizens, but he stood for and believed in those things that he thought would best pro- mote their welfare. He was an honest man, a faithful legislator, a consistent partisan, a devoted husband, and an intensely patriotic American. He did his duty faith- fully as he saw it, and reflected great credit upon the State [51] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin that honored him so long. His life and work will be a guide and inspiration to those who would serve their State and their countiy. To us who were favored with a more intimate knowledge of his kindly, genial nature, his ster- ling mental and moral qualities, and his tender, gentle attributes, his memory will be a precious heritage. [52] Address of Mr. Pomerene, of Ohio Mr. President: Little can be added to the splendid eulogies thus far pronounced. If I were to attempt to describe in a phrase the chief characteristic of our friend and former associate, Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, I would speak of it as his intense devotion to duty as it was given him to see it. Loyalty was his watchword. He was loyal to himself, to his family, to his friends, to his State, to the Nation. True it is that as a boy he cast his lot with his State in the Civil War, no doubt through a sense of duty to the State of his nativity. The war having ended, the allegiance which he gave to the Stars and Bars was transferred to the Stars and Stripes. The country was reunited, and he was a part of it. After the war he completed his preliminary education, read law, early rose to a high rank in his profession, and at the time of his death was the first citizen of the Old Dominion State. For five consecutive times Virginia hon- ored him by election to the United States Senate. No other man has ever been so distinguished by the State of Virginia. Only three sitting Members of the Senate have thus been honored by their respective States — the senior Senator from Massachusetts, Mr. Lodge; the senior Senator from Wyoming, Mr. Warren; and the senior Senator from Minnesota, Mr. Nelson. Only 12 other Senators, if I am rightly informed, in the entire history of the United States have been thus favored by their re- spective States with five or more elections : Hon. John T. Morgan, of Alabama; Hon. Shelby M. CuUom, of Illinois; Hon. William B. Allison, of Iowa; [53] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin Hon. Eugene Hale and Hon. William P. Frye, of Maine; Hon. Thomas Benton and Hon. Francis M. Cockrell, of Missom-i; Hon. John P. Jones, of Nevada; Hon. John Sher- man, of Ohio; Hon. Nelson W. Aldrich, of Rhode Island; Hon. Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont; and Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, of New Hampshire. To state merely the fact that Senator Martin was thus elected and reelected to the greatest legislative body in the world is conclusive evidence of the high character of his service and of the abiding affection which his people entertained for him. Surely he was not without honor in his own country. He did not reach his goal of success by some meteoric flight of fancy. Rather it was an arduous path he trod. When he came to the " hill of difficulty " he climbed it. He did not go around it. Nothing daunted, nothing dis- couraged him. His was the genius of hard work, added to native ability of a high order. He labored, he did not idle. His eyes were on his work, not on the clock. He thought; he did not dream. His energies were devoted to construction, not to destruction. By his works his col- leagues knew him, not by his words. No honest man ever questioned his integrity or that in all he did or thought he was ever guided by high pur- poses. In the nine years of my service in the Senate I have known of no one who has surpassed him in effectiveness as a legislator or in his consecration to the duties of his high office. In his legislative work, as in his private life, he took counsel of fact, not of fiction. With him doctrines were not true because they were new, nor were they false be- cause they were old. As new questions arose he looked forward to and took pride in our civic development, but in doing so he did not lose sight of the guiding wisdom of [54] Address of Mr. Pomerene, of Ohio the past. He was a man of vision, not " of visions," hence some of the opposition which his course inspired. Senator Martin's feet were always on the ground, and his head was never above the clouds. He was not given to much speech making. Few pages of the Congressional Record are filled with his utterances. But the United States Stat- utes at Large, and particularly the great appropriation acts, will always remain as monuments to his industry, his intelligence, and his conservative regard for the financial and general welfare of his fellow countrymen. Senator Martin's face and figure were not familiar to the great body of the people, simply because he did not frequent public places; but his colleagues and his con- stituents always knew that they could find him either in his ofiice or in his home. Devotion to duty was the secret of his great success. Now that he is gone, who that ever knew him can forget him, or the profit derived from his wise counsel and his well-poised mind? No one ever found him obtrusive in the presentation of his views, but with what firmness and frankness he always spoke. Few men in our legislative halls will be more missed than he. He had passed the threescore years and ten, and necessarily we could not expect him to linger much longer among these scenes of his great labors; but because of his well-stored mind and his broad experience we were wont to go to him for counsel and guidance. Now that he is gone we shall miss him more than words can tell. [55] Address of Mr. Glass, of Virginia Mr. President: A tall oak has fallen; a monarch of the forest cut down. Trite though the analogy be, it fittingly conveys the thought of the Virginia people when Thomas Staples Martin passed away. I wish that I might aptly express in words their high estimate of their fallen chief and the degree of their faith in his capabilities and the extent of their pride in his achievements, thus interpreting in the language of oral speech Senator Martin's lofty qualities of mind and heart and ideals as they appealed to those who knew him best and loved him most. Yet, in a lively recognition of my own limitations, I apprehend that the theme can be done scant justice at my hands. The tidings of Senator Martin's death affected the peo- ple of Virginia with a consciousness of a real personal loss, producing public sorrow in a degree that has been rarely witnessed at the passing of a public man. The scene at his funeral service when he was laid to rest at- tested with pathetic eloquence the deep-seated, affection- ate loyalty of those who had given their faith to him in the early period of his political prominence and who had followed him throughout the intervening years. There, at the open graveside of their dead chief, they foregath- ered, these stalwarts, the old guard of the Martin clans. From city and from countryside they came to pay the last tribute of their devotion to the man who had led them to victor}^ in every political battle that has been waged in Virginia for nearly three decades. And there these men gave compelling manifestation of their deep and lasting attachment for the grim, resolute, masterful leader they had so newly lost. The spectacle then presented I shall not soon forget, nor the thoughts to which it gave rise, in [56] Address of Mr. Glass, of Virginia respect to the tenacious hold which Mr. Martin had estab- lished upon the abiding affection as well as the confidence and admiration of the people whom he served. With almost exactitude, the years of Senator Martin's life measured the distance between two epochs of history. In the first flush of youth he had a place in the ranks of that immortal battalion of the Virginia Military Institute — those young cadets who, with Spartan heroism, endured their baptism of fire at New Market just when the Civil War was being brought near to its conclusion and the beleaguered Confederacy hastening to its fall. Then, after nearly threescore years of ceaseless activity, we see him, but yesterday it seems, standing in this forum as the wise, sagacious, trusted leader in the war cause of his country, against the aggressions of European autocracy; thus in early youth emerging from the strife of civil war and closing his earthly career in ripe old age at the ending of a world war. The circumstance is both interesting and suggestive. In an important sense it reminds one of the effect of stern environment in developing the character, shaping the career, and molding the destiny of this dis- tinguished Virginian. It recalls the larger demands and opportunities for service and achievement which sum- moned men of Martin's generation to the work of building anew and adjusting to fundamentally changed conditions the political, economic, and social fabric of a defeated and wasted land, of a sadly stricken and sorely menaced civili- zation. Senator Martin's first call as he neared the en- trance to active life was a call to patriotic service. The last call was the same; and both translated the terms of public stress and crisis. It is known with what consecra- tion he answered; how nobly his task was begun with his cadet comrades in Virginia; and how as well ended here in the Senate of the United States. These two chapters in Mr. Martin's life — the introduction and the conclusion. [57] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin together with those which lay between, covering more than a quarter of a century of service in this body — are now being recalled by the people of his native State with emotions in which exultation and sorrow blend. Senator Martin was born in Albemarle County, Va., 72 years ago. It was there that he started out upon the build- ing of his fortunes without other aid or influence than that derived from his own courageous purpose to be of some account in the world. And, verily, he builded well, if to be coveted is the structure of a human life securely estab- lished upon foundations of wide, enduring usefulness. It is not difficult to suppose that, when entering the prov- ince of his manhood. Senator Martin caught the message that there was both room and need for him in public affairs; that he felt charged with a distinct mission to serve, and by service to aid in saving, repairing, and con- structing anew a land which had been wrecked by the desolating sweep of war. Men who were not of that gener-^ ation can not understand the difficulties and dangers which either provoked to mute despair or prompted to high and heroic endeavor. Those who did live through the perilous time know best how to appreciate the motives which animated men of the school so fitly typed by Mr. Martin and to measure the great service which they wrought. It was due to his participation in the work of enabling Virginia to stand upon her feet again and advance to the higher and happier state which lay ahead that Senator Martin begun to develop the attributes of astute leader- ship. In the first place, there was something about his personality that seemed naturally to draw men to him and to hold them fast. The increasing years of his public activity steadily added to the number of his friends and admirers, so that at the time of his death he held his post of party leader unchallenged from any source. Within [58] Address of Mr. Glass, of Virginia my knowledge no man in Virginia since the days of John Warwick Daniel had an influence more complete and con- trolling than that of Senator Martin. Nor is the reason difTicult to apprehend. The Virginia people know it well. Mr. Martin was trained in the school of politics under men rarely experienced in the arts of thorough, search- ing organization. He undertook party work when Vir- ginia was passing through the gravest, most dramatic period of her historj^ He brought to his task an intense ardor of spirit, a great love for his State, a calm grimness of purpose, an exceptionally clear, penetrating mind, and an unusual knowledge of men. The natural order of things was therefore witnessed. Mr. Martin advanced stage by stage to station of authority and power among the prevailing individual political forces of the State. Until the early nineties, however, Mr. Martin held aloof from the role of aspirant for political preferment. He was content to labor and to wait until the darkness of a long political night had gone forever and Virginia's safety was assured. With that happy consummation, he ap- peared as a candidate for the first office he had ever sought and the only office he ever held. He was elected to the United States Senate, and for 26 years, without intermis- sion, retained his seat in this body, I dwell thus upon Mr. Martin's genius for organization as expressed in his political career and upon the service which he rendered in the field of Virginia politics because these things served as the real background of his life; because they revealed the most forceful and compelling traits of his mind and character; because they the more clearly disclose the vehicle through which he translated the exalted aspiration into the thing achieved. But it must not be thought that the dead Virginia Senator was enabled to score in his every political battle solely by virtue of his extraordinary success as a party tactician or [59] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin organizer. This was not the case. His talents would have counted in vain but for his sensitive recognition of the duties and obligations incident to public service. He was of modest mien and even speech, except when strongly provoked to talk in an emphatic fashion. This he could do unmistakably. Mr. Martin was not of the showy order ; he was inclined to regard pityingly those who were. Nor was he skilled in the ways and wiles of the cheap politician. He was big and broad, compelling the respect of his adversaries and never impairing the confidence of his adherents. He never forgot a friend nor a friendly act. His conception of public duty comprehended the minor details as well as the larger and more important features of his trust, and from no Virginian could come a request requiring his attention that would suffer the slightest neglect or in- difference at his hands. So being faithful in service, loyal to supporters, true to trust, and strong of intellect, Mr. Martin continued to grow in the stature of usefulness from the time he entered the Senate until, with health worn and shattered by the last years of his arduous labors here, he left his seat, never to return. It is not needful that I should speak of Mr. Martin's service in this body. The record speaks for him, although it does not nearly disclose the full extent and scope of his fruitful activity. In committee room, especially as either chairman or ranking member of the great Appropriations Committee, in conference and in council, my lamented predecessor accomplished most of the large sum of use- fulness which characterized his labors as a Senator. This much is known: Senator Martin was an effective leader on the floor of this body. He marshaled his forces and directed their movements with ability and sagacity. Con- sidering the manifold perplexities with which his post was beset, the many difficulties that obtruded to add infinitely [60] Address of Mr. Glass, of Virginia to the burden of his responsibilities, the extraordinary crises in national and world affairs which were precipi- tated just prior to America's entry into the war, continu- ing throughout that disastrous conflict and into the period immediately following the signing of the armistice, Mr. Martin, who was in command on this side of the Chamber, measured up to the standards of level-headed, prudent, constructive leadership. Indeed, because of the appalling strain upon the resources of his mind and body, conse- quent upon the so terrific ordeal, the Virginia Senator's life was probably shortened by many years, making it so that he sacrificed and fell because ready to give his all for his country's sake. It is inspiring to think that when this grizzled chieftain was making last preparations to answer " adsum " to the roll call of the Master he had thus rounded out a career of enduring distinction; that from a reserved, unassuming entrance upon the deliberations of a great legislative tribunal he had, by sheer force of his own merit, risen slowly but surely to the eminence of majority leadership in full cooperation with the administration and relied on by the President as a source of support and guidance in the halls of legislation while the Republic was being rocked to its foundations by the convulsions of war. Vir- ginians rightly take satisfaction in the reflection that this was so; that at a time when men of great capacity and militant patriotism and fine courage were most needed in the legislative department of the Government their State gave to the upper branch of Congress the leader of the dominating party. Senator Martin interpreted an order of Americanism which was stalwart in genius, vibrant in patriotism, robust in fidelity, impatient of aught that smacked of timeserv- ing or cant. Greatness is a relative term; men are wont [61] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin to employ it with a carelessness and lack of discrimina- tion so crude that the tribute which it is really designed to convey often becomes obscure and bedimmed in mean- ing. But, guarding carefully my words, it seems to me that elements of greatness may readily be imputed to Senator Martin, if greatness can be measured in the scale of service or by the test of the sum of the things which he did, the ends which he achieved, the purposes which he wrought, during the time in which it pleased God that he should walk the ways of usefulness here on earth. In his private and domestic relations of life Mr. Martin exemplified those lofty ideals which appeal directly to what is best and highest in human standards. He was the fond, devoted husband, the tenderly solicitous and affectionate father, and the good neighbor, the public- spirited citizen. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the mem- ory of the late Senator Martin, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock and 15 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, April 12, 1920, at 12 o'clock meridian. Tuesday, February 15, 1921. A message from the House of Representatives, by W. H. Overhue, its assistant enrolling clerk, communicated to the Senate the resolutions of the House unanimously adopted as a tribute to the memory of Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, late a Senator from the State of Virginia. [62] PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE Wednesday, November 12, 1919. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Dudley, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- ing resolutions : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, for more than 24 years a Senator from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That a committee of 18 Senators be appointed by the President pro tempore to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Martin, to be held in Charlottesville, Va. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these reso- lutions to the House of Representatives. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. And that in compliance with the foregoing resolution the President pro tempore had appointed Messrs. Swan- son, Lodge, Cummins, Knox, Hitchcock, Fletcher, Nelson, Overman, Bankhead, Robinson, Simmons, Smith of Ari- zona, Smith of Maryland, Underwood, Walsh of Montana, Warren, Smoot, and Williams as members of the com- mittee on the part of the Senate. Mr. Flood. Mr. Speaker, it is with profound sorrow that I am compelled to offer the resolution which I send to the Clerk's desk in reference to the death of Senator Martin. He represented the State of Virginia in the upper body of Congress for nearly 25 years, a longer period than any other Senator ever represented the Old Dominion. Dur- ing that time he was for many years the leader of the Democratic Party, first when the party was in the mi- nority and afterwards when it was the majority party. He [63] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin has left his impress upon the history of legislation of this country as few men have who have served in Congress. At a later date, Mr. Speaker, I shall ask the House to set aside a day to pay proper tribute of respect to the dis- tinguished Senator. The Speaker. The gentleman from Virginia offers a resolution, wliich the Clerk will report. The Clerk read as follows: House resolution 387 Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. Thomas S. Martin, a Senator of the United States from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased Senator. Resolved, That a committee of 18 Members be appointed on the part of the House to join the committee appointed on the part of the Senate to attend the funeral. The resolution was agreed to; and the Speaker ap- pointed as the committee on the part of the House Messrs. Flood, Montague, Slemp, Saunders of Virginia, Moore of Virginia, Harrison, Bland of Virginia, Holland, Watson of Virginia, Woods of Virginia, Cannon, Cramton, Sisson, Kitchin, Whaley, Bowers, Wingo, and Byrns of Tennessee. The Clerk read as follows : Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 42 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until Thursday, November 13, 1919, at 10 o'clock a. m. [64] Proceedings in the House Thursday, November 13, 1919. The House met at 10 o'clock a. m. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer: Father in heaven, we thank Thee for the cordial and amicable relations existing between Great Britain and our Government, hence our people with the President and the dignitaries of State and Nation extend a warm greeting to our distinguished guest the Prince of Wales, who represents his illustrious father. Long may the friendly relations exist between the two great nations as an example to all the world. Once more in the dispensation of Thy providence, our Father, we are called upon to mourn the loss of a well beloved, wise, honest, conscientious statesman, who will be sorely missed by his colleagues in the Senate and a host of friends throughout his State and Nation. May the immortality of the soul comfort them, especially the bereaved children, through Him who died and rose from the dead and ascended into heaven. Amen. Monday, April 12, 1920. The committee informally rose; and Mr. Madden hav- ing taken the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message from the Senate, by Mr. Crockett, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the following resolution : Senate resolution 347 Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, late a Senator from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the Senate, pursuant to its order heretofore made, assembles to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. 46666—22 5 [65] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. Monday, January 17, 1921. Mr. Flood. Mr. Speaker, I wish to make a motion, to which I think there will be no objection, in reference to memorial services. The Speaker. The Clerk will report the motion. The Clerk read as follows: On motion of Mr. Flood, Ordered, That Sunday, February 13, 1921, at 12 o'clock noon, be set apart for addresses on the life, character, and public serv- ices of the Hon. Thomas S. Martin, late a Senator from the State of Virginia. The Speaker. Is there objection to the present consid- eration of the resolution? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Saturday, February 12, 1921. The Speaker appointed Mr. Flood to preside over the House on Sunday, February 13, 1921, at the memorial exercises for the late Senator Martin. Sunday, February 13, 1921. The House met at 12 o'clock noon and was called to order by Mr. Flood as Speaker pro tempore. The Chaplain Emeritus, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer : Once more, our Father in Heaven, Thou hast brought us face to face with the most profound mystery. The universe is a mystery, life is a mystery; but when the eye [6G] Proceedings in the House that looked out with intelligence, the hand that clasped with warmth, the lips that spoke with sympathy and love are still, we are overwhelmed with grief and sorrow, and stand helpless before the prostrate form. But faith, hope, love, which are mj'steries, whisper consolation. Some men live for selfish aggrandizement; others live for the good that they can do. The former have no inter- est in the public welfare, the latter live for the public weal. Such a man was Senator Martin, of Virginia. He loved his State and Nation and poured out his substance for them. The angels of Faith, Hope, Love point to immortal life where he lives, wills, loves. He may not come to us, but we shall go to him and behold his glory, look into his radiant eyes, feel the touch of his hand, hear his cheering voice again. Hence we thank Thee for his life, deeds, and public service. May it be ours to emulate his virtues and cherish his memory. Comfort his friends and loved ones with immortal hope; in Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Vir- ginia [Mr. Montague] will please take the chair. Mr. Montague took the chair as Speaker pro tempore. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the special order for the day. The Clerk read as follows : On motion of Mr. Flood, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That Sunday, February 13, 1921, at 12 o'clock noon, be set apart for addresses on the life, character, and public serv- ice of Hon. Thomas S. Martin, late a Senator from the Slate of Virginia. Mr. James of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolution. [67] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Virginia offers a resolution which the Clerk will report. The Clerk read as follows : House resolution 683 Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended, that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. Thomas Staples Martin, late a Senator from the State of Virginia. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, and in recognition of his distinguished public career, the House, at the conclusion of these exercises, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. [68] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Flood, of Virginia Mr. Speaker: We are here to-day to pay a tribute of love and reverence to the memory of a truly great Ameri- can — the late Senator Thomas Staples Martin, of Virginia. The story of the life and the appreciation of the worth of this great man has found a deep and an abiding lodg- ment in the hearts and minds of the people of this country. As year by year he was subjected in the commanding position he occupied in the Senate of the United States to the closest public scrutiny, he grew in the confidence of his fellow citizens until at the time of his death, from Maine to Arizona, from Washington to Florida, he was regarded as one of the most conscientious, intelligent, and able Senators who had ever adorned the Halls of Congress with his presence, and the people all over the country were satisfied that their interests and the interests and honor of their Nation were safe as long as Thomas S. Martin was the leader of the majority party in the Senate. Senator Martin was born in Albemarle County, Va., July 29, 1847, and lived in that county, so fruitful of great men, all of his life. At the age of 16 he entered the Virginia Military Insti- tute, and with the battalion of cadets from this glorious institution rendered valuable military service to his State in the Confederate War. Virginia took her position from the first upon what she conceived to be fundamental truths, and it was an instinct with her that to surrender these was to vitiate and falsify her organic life. Upon this lofty plane our forefathers built up the fabric of their beloved Commonwealth. Vir- ginia held these rights as sacred and not academic, and when they were threatened 80,000 of her sons rushed to their defense in a single week. It was in this spirit of patriotic duty and loyalty to a principle that this beardless [69] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin boy became a soldier of the Confederacy. In this ca- pacity, as always throughout his life, he discharged his duty like a man and a hero. When the war ended he entered the University of Vir- ginia, completed his course of studies, and began the prac- tice of law. To his profession he carried ambition, a high integrity of character, and an inherent love of truth and right. These qualities, combined with a rapid and ac- curate power of analysis, keen insight into human nature, and a clearness of judgment rarely equaled, soon brought him an extensive and lucrative practice. The obligations of this large practice, however, did not cause him to neglect public duties. His services were in great demand by his party and always available, espe- cially in the bitter contests waged in the eighties and early nineties for the supremacy of Anglo-Saxon civilization in Virginia. Much of his time was given to party organiza- tion. His devotion in these trying days was supreme. He was potent for good because no selfishness stained his efforts. He was as ready to serve his State in other capacities. The ante bellum debt had disturbed the politics and halted the prosperity of Virginia for a quarter of a cen- tury. In 1890 a determined effort was made to settle it on terms which would be satisfactory to the bondholders and within the ability of the State to pay. For weeks and months it seemed impossible that an agreement could be reached. V/hen hope had well-nigh fled, it was Thomas S. Martin, the legal adviser of the Virginia Debt Commis- sion, who brought about a reconciliation between the rep- resentatives of the State and the bondholders, and accom- plished the blessed result of a final and satisfactory set- tlement. For this great service he refused to receive one cent of compensation and declined even to accept his per- sonal expenses incurred on many trips to New York, [70] Address of Mr. Flood, of Virginia Washington, and Richmond. This accomplishment made a profound impression upon the people of the State. In 1893 he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term beginning March 4, 1895, in one of the most memorable and hotly contested campaigns ever waged in the State. This was the first political ofTice Senator Martin held, and there was, on the part of many of those who did not intimately know him, bitter opposition to his election, and some misgivings on their part as to his ability to ac- quit himself with credit in the high position for which he had been chosen. The high order of his abilities which were of the solid and substantial character, rather than the showy and ornamental, soon dissipated these fears. His vigorous and robust intellect, his quick and pene- trating perception, his discriminating judgment, rapidly pushed him to the front in the Senate. Entertaining a thorough disdain for noisy notoriety, he was content with arduous toil to move steadily along the path of duty in the faithful and splendid performance of the labors and responsibilities that appertained to his position. It is said by Bacon that " the greatest builders are the builders of State," but their most important works are performed in the closet and not before the public gaze. They are like the workers that in the unseen depths of the ocean lay the coral foundation of uprising islands and the enduring beams of mighty continents. And so the impress of the mind and intelligence of Thomas S. Martin has been left upon the important meas- ures that came to his consideration as a lawmaker, and has added to the advancement of his State and to the glory and honor of this Nation. Mr. Speaker, I knew Senator Martin when he was the leading lawyer in his section of Virginia. This was before his name had been mentioned for an official position. I thought then that he was the ablest and one of the best [71] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin men I had ever known, and his life the most ideal I had ever come in touch with. I admired him from the first and soon learned to love him, and this love increased and broadened and deepened as the years went by. His life was a benediction to all of those who were fortunate enough to possess his friendship and enjoy his association. I knew him when he was engaged in as fierce political campaigns as were ever waged in this country. I was his manager in most of these campaigns. Some of the con- tests were characterized by an acrimony and a bitterness that were unusual. Through it all Senator Martin bore himself with the dignity of an Arthurian knight, which added to his strength and made the overthrow of his op- ponents the more complete. It was said that he was a partisan in his political ideas and methods. If by this was meant that he sincerely and earnestly believed in the principles of his party, and had sought by all honorable means to promote the public good by placing its men and measures in control of the Govern- ment; if by it was meant that he possessed an unstinted loyalty to friendship, then the accusation was true and the term became simply a just tribute to a true and honest man. It has been the partisan who in all the ages of the world and in every field of human progress has led the way; wherever conflicts of opinion have determined the thoughts of mankind there the well-equipped partisan has been the guiding power and the controlling force for good. In the spirit of accusation it was charged that he was the leader, if not the dictator, of the Virginia Democracy. He was its leader, but there was no suggestion in his relations with his friends and his supporters of the dic- tator or the boss. His was a leadership which united men to him not by the hope of reward, nor by a fear of disfavor, but by the purity of his life, the loyalty of [72] Address of Mr. Flood, of Virginia his heart, the magnetism of his personality, and the power of his intellect. I knew him when he became the undisputed leader of the Democracy of Virginia, and the people of that State with a unanimity never before equaled proclaimed him the ablest and most beloved representative Virginia had ever had in either House of Congress. I knew him as the great Senator and leader of the majority party in that august body and the trusted ad- visor of the President of the United States in the trying days of the great World War. His brain knew no rest during that awful anxious time. His strength could not stand the strain. He gave his life to his country just as did the brave boys in khaki and navy blue who fell on the blood-stained fields of France and Flanders. I knew him in the home circle. His devotion as son, brother, husband, and father was beautiful and sublime. During all these years I learned more and more, as the days went by, to know that the prosperity and happi- ness of Virginia and America constituted the great end and aim of his public career. No man in my knowledge has contributed more to the strength and glory of his State and the Nation than has Senator Martin. It has been well said that the " reward of one's fellow men is a reward that must be earned," and few there are who gained it in the degree and the measure that Senator Martin did. In walls of State he stood for many years Like fabled knight his visage all aglow. Receiving, giving, sternly blow for blow. Champion for right! But from Eternity's far shore Thy spirit will return to join the strife no more. Rest, citizen, statesman, rest, thy troubled life is o'er. When the long roll of Virginia's great and honored dead is called, high upon that scroll, by the side of her most beloved sons, will be the name of Thomas Staples Martin. [73] Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri Mr. Speaker: We have met to memorialize Senator Thomas S. Martin, of Virginia, who it is no flattery to say was a model Senator. Most emphatically he was not a talker but a worker. It is doubtful if he, during his five terms in the Senate, ever spoke for as much as 30 minutes at one time. Yet he wielded a powerful influence. It may well be doubted whether any other of the Senators was more influential. He was constant in his attendance in committee and in the Senate — of which latter body he was the Democratic leader, a position which he filled with great skill and marked ability. His advice was uni- versally sought. On matters of policy his opinion was final. He religiously attended to the wants of his con- stituents, no matter how trivial, no matter how important. He kept in close touch with his people. That is the reason of the strong and unbreakable hold which he had on the people of the Old Dominion. He left to others the speak- ing part and reserved for himself the working part. His idea of the duties of a Senator was service — service to the people of Virginia — service to his country. He had his reward in five elections to the Senate, and he made a record of which the people are justly proud. The chances are that he would have been kept in the Senate for half a century had he lived so long. His career was a fine ex- ample to all who follow him. [74J Address of Mr. Holland, of Virginia Mr. Speaker : Senator Thomas S. Martin was my friend and the friend of my district, so I can not refrain from adding a short tribute to his memory. When he was first elected to the Senate more than 25 years ago, lie was unknown to the masses of the citizen- ship of his State. He had never held public office, and his friends and acquaintances were confined to a few of the leaders of his own party. They discovered his emi- nent fitness for high position and leadership. They gave him loyal and successful support. After his election he promptly responded to every request made of him. He watched for and embraced every opportunity to be of service to his people. He retained his old friends by continued loyalty to them, and he converted former ene- mies into supporters by his vigilant and intelligent atten- tion to their interests. He steadily grew in influence and popularity and developed abilities of such a distinctively high order that he sprung into much prominence and soon became a dominant figure in Virginia. Within a comparatively short time he had clearly demonstrated that he was worthy of the trust by every test that could be applied by friend or foe, and also that he had acquired such a hold upon the popular mind that no political opponent could defeat his reelection. His rise was steady and sure. He had gradually won the confidence and esteem of all classes of his fellow citizens, and by the faithful and intelligent discharge of his duties had grad- ually silenced opposition. Thereafter it became generally conceded that no political rival could wrest his high office from him so long as he desired to retain it. This was one of the great achievements of his very notable career. [75] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin He was a man of unusual soundness of judgment. He had the ability to see all sides of a problem, and with rare powers of analysis quickly ascertained its real value — its strength or weakness. He gave much advice which was surprisingly free from mistake, and, if a mistake did develop, he had the courage to admit it and made every effort for its correction. He was absolutely frank and sincere with friend and foe. He made no statement that was not sustained and no promise that was not fulfilled, so he became the wise counselor of his constituents and associates. They trusted him and relied upon his judgment, for they knew that he was anxious and zealous to render them genuine service. He was a man of strong convictions, was retiring and unassuming, shunned the limelight, and was never stimu- lated by temporary public praise. The course of the demagogue was repugnant to him and he scrupulously avoided it. He regarded his office as a high public trust and desired that his deeds and actions should at all times stand the acid test of the sunlight of truth. He possessed the rare courage of a true statesman, and regardless of public clamor he applied to every question that arose the touchstone of wisdom. He was a man of indomitable will and indefatigable industry. He diligently studied his duties and shirked no task to accomplish what in his good judgment was best for his people. His highest ambition was to render genu- ine and unseljBsh service. He was a Democrat of the old school and had an abiding faith in the principles of his party as they had been taught to him. He was a strict partisan, but free from all that was small or narrow in his partisanship. He was never radically progressive as a legislator or as a Democrat, but was always practical and conservative. [76] Address of Mr. Holland, of Virginia He was morally and intellectually straight. He dared at all times to speak the truth. He listened to the voice of a great conscience and had the moral courage to obey it. Senator Martin was a superior man and his fame and influence extended far beyond the borders of his own State. He became a national figure. He gave years of close study to all national problems. He mastered the details of governmental affairs. He familiarized himself with legislation. He applied this knowledge to the enact- ment of constructive remedial laws. He was gradually recognized as a master legislator and best fitted to become the leader of his party in the Senate. As such a leader, by reason of his genius for organizing his forces and his ability to apply his great knowledge to the solution of the most intricate problems, he was enabled to perform serv- ices of inestimable value to his country. He was not a great orator, and yet he could express his convictions in the most concise and forceful manner when the occasion demanded. His great mind, his unimpeachable charac- ter, his indomitable will enabled him to accomplish the ends he sought. His intense patriotism and devotion to his country, his great conscience, his sound judgment, and his accurate knowledge of legislation won for him the confidence of his associates and gave him such strength and influence as few men in public life have ever attained. And thus it was that he became a large and luminous figure in the small group of the Nation's foremost states- men. He has gone, but the fruits of his labors will continue to live. The State mourns the loss of her most distin- guished son. The Nation adds his name to her roll of great Virginians. [77] Address of Mr. Byrns, of Tennessee Mr. Speaker: I esteem it a privilege to have known Senator Thomas S. Martin, of Virginia. It was a very great privilege to have shared his friendship. I first met Senator Martin nearly twelve years ago, shortly after I became a Member of Congress. He held then, as he held at the time of his death, a place of leadership in the United States Senate, the greatest deliberative body in the world. Quiet in temperament, modest and even re- tiring in his demeanor and disposition, but uncompromis- ing and tenacious in his advocacy of what he believed to be right, endowed with a highly practical, rather than a theoretical mind, speaking only when he had something worth while to say, he was readily acknowledged by his colleagues and by the country to be one of the ablest Mem- bers of the Senate. Subsequently, when his party came into control in the Senate, his party colleagues recognized his great ability and his excellent qualities of leadership, and made him majority leader of the Senate. Two years after I was elected to Congress I was made a member of the House Committee on Appropriations. Senator Martin was at that time a member of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and later on its chairman. I served with him on many committees of conference be- tween the two Houses of Congress on important appro- priation bills, some of them involving war expenditures amounting to billions of dollars. I thus had opportunity to come into close and more or less intimate ofiicial rela- tions with the Senator. Sitting around the conference table with him in many and sometimes protracted conferences, endeavoring to [78] Address of Mr. Byrns, of Tennessee reach a compromise of the differences between the two Houses, on many and varied items of greater or less im- portance, I had an opportunity to observe the man as well as the Senator. My admiration for the Senator quickly grew into a warm personal attachment and re- gard for the man. He was always conscientious and sin- cere in dealing with public questions and his fellow man. He scorned sham and deceit. He pursued open and direct methods to accomplish his purposes. He would not stoop to little things. In short, he was a dependable man, who quickly won not only your respect but your confidence. He was a man whose mental stature grew larger the closer you got to him. A man of strong convictions, he was firm and unyielding in his adherence to those things in which he believed. He never sacrificed principle for expediency. But while uncompromising on a question of principle, he was nevertheless conciliatory and ever ready to listen to those who differed with him. And it was this element of fairness, this readiness to concede something to the other fellow, which added so materially to the weight of his in- fluence, both in committee and on the floor of the Senate. The Senator sleeps peacefully in the bosom of his native State of Virginia, which honored him, and which he also honored. In the presence of a large concourse of sorrow- ing friends, he was laid away in the little cemetery over- looking the great University of Virginia, which was founded and fostered by that other great Virginian, Thomas Jefferson, whose political philosophy and teach- ings the Senator faithfully followed. The State of Virginia, the mother of Presidents, has fur- nished to the Nation a long line of distinguished sons. Not a generation has passed since the settling of America that Virginians did not distinguish themselves. Among them were Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Pat- rick Henry, Mason, Marshall, Randolph, Wirt, Lee, and [79] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin many others who make up a distinguished galaxy of states- men, jurists, and soldiers unsurpassed, if not unequaled, by any other State in the Union. The State is now and has always been represented by a strong delegation in both the Senate and the House. It can truly be said, Mr. Speaker, that Senator Martin fully measured up to the traditions of this great State and materially added to its reputation as the mother of statesmen. It is not my pur- pose, Mr. Speaker, to speak particularly of what he ac- complished, or to speak at length of his life and character. I leave that for those who knew him longer and better and who were more closely associated with him. I only de- sired in a few brief words to pay a tribute of respect to his memory and to express, even though in a feeble way, my great admiration for him as a Senator of the United States and as a great American citizen. When he died the State lost an able and faithful public servant and the Nation a most useful and capable statesman. He served his State and his Nation ably and loyally and with a fidelity unsur- passed. He has left behind him a record of service of which his family and descendants and his State will always be proud. No higher eulogy, Mr. Speaker, can be paid any man. He has left us, and his immortal spirit dwells somewhere in the great beyond, but his good deeds, his acts of kindness, the example of his earnest devotion to duty and fidelity to principle, in short, all of those splendid qualities which endeared him to everyone, still live with us and will prove an inspiration for higher, bet- ter, and nobler ideals to all whose privilege it was to know him. [80] Address of Mr. Moore, of Virginia Mr. Speaker: Others who were in close contact with Senator Martin have already described him in those rela- tions where the tender ties of affection and intimate friendship are formed. I am looking back upon his career as a public man during his occupancy of the only office he ever sought or filled. What were some of the qualities that enabled him as a Senator to reach a position of extraordinary influence and usefulness? He had a mind capable of widely surveying conditions, and yet indifferent to no detail; cautious in arriving at conclusions and resolute in maintaining them; confident in its opera- tions, but always recognizing that in a world made up of endless conflicting interests and opinions effort is frittered away without cooperation and at every step reasonable concession and compromise. He had a sound body that could stand the strain of unusual toil. Unflagging devo- tion to his duties and persistent industry afforded him a comprehensive knowledge and grasp of the business with which he dealt. He had great personal magnetism, the indefinable gift which draws and holds adherents and counts for so much in creating leadership. Thus, superior to most men in the essentials of success, he realized the ambition of his life, and he is now numbered among those who have rendered highly conspicuous and valuable serv- ice to the country. When he entered the Senate, it was no easy field in which to win distinction. It had become, with perhaps one exception, the most powerful legislative body in the world, and its power by no means declined during his membership. It may be interesting to note for a moment the processes that have made the Senate what it is. Many of the 46666—22 6 [81] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin founders of the Government believed that it would prove less important than the House of Representatives. It was the thought of some of them that it would necessarily remain weaker because not springing so directly from the people. They were not reckoning, however, with the pos- sibility that, after a while, it might become as democratic in spirit as the House, and they perhaps gave too little weight to the following considerations: Its more immedi- ate relation to the Executive in respect to appointments and foreign aifairs; the individual experience and ma- turity attaching to a longer term of service; and the prob- ability that it would always be really a deliberative body while the House might in some degree cease to be so. In the beginning it appeared that the forecast of Alexander Hamilton and those who shared his views might be veri- fied. For several years the Senate was relatively unim- portant. That was due to circumstances that in the course of time disappeared. A controlling circumstance was that it made the mistake of separating itself, in a sense, from the people by holding its sessions in secret. That was the practice until 1795, in spite of the protest of Virginia, which was presented and argued by Richard Heniy Lee, but received the support of only Lee and his colleague, Grayson, and William Maclay, of Pennsylvania. Wise action taken behind closed doors and eloquent speeches which nobody heard were wasted on a suspicious and hostile public. Several of the very eminent men who had entered the Senate when it was organized soon withdrew from a situation which they found uncongenial. Another circumstance was the size of its membership. A legislative body may be too small as well as too large, and at the start the Senate was under the disadvantage of being too small — so small that until 1810 it made no use of standing committees charged with the duty of thoroughly investigating particular subjects. But this [82] Address of Mr. Moore, of Virginia difficulty was overcome as new States were admitted. By 1812 the membership had risen from 26 to 34 and by 1845 to 52. Meanwhile the membership of the House was being rapidly enlarged. The original number of 65 had risen by 1831 to 242. An inclination to check the increase shown more than once between 1830 and 1860 was finally abandoned, and in 1871 the number was placed at 293, in 1901 at 391, and in 1911 at 435. In such a numerous body the conclusions reached are not apt to express the composite opinion of all the Members arrived at with a fair measure of deliberation or to be accepted as equal in authority to conclusions more deliberately reached. The relation of Virginia to the Senate illustrates the gradual evolution that has defined the status of the two Houses, and resulted in making the Senate relatively more important, while it has, of course, created no doubt what- ever that the House will always hold a great place in our system. The positions of most dignity and influence are those that are naturally sought by men anxious or will- ing to participate in the public service. It is significant that in the early days the Virginia statesmen did not eagerly seek the Senate or seek it in preference to the House. Patrick Henry and George Mason each declined a seat in the Senate. James Madison would have been appointed as the successor of Grayson when the latter died in 1790 if he had wished it, but he chose to stay in the House. John Marshall likewise served in the House without attempting to enter the other body. It is also significant that Virginia Senators of the early days mani- fested no very strong desire to continue in ofiice. Since Mason and Hunter took their seats in 1847, a period of 74 years, the State has been represented by only 13 Sen- ators, whereas in the preceding period of 58 years it was represented by 25. In the later period resignations have [83] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin been unknown, save in the case of Mason and Hunter, who retired when the State seceded, while in the former there were 14 resignations, only two of which were consequent upon mandatory instructions by the State legislature, to which obedience was refused. Tyler and Rives were the Senators who resigned because they would not obey in- structions. Andrew Jackson was the cause of their trouble. One had been instructed to vote for a resolution expunging a censure of Jackson, and the other had been instructed to vote for a resolution censuring him. Gradually the Senate, recovering from the discredit it had suffered from the practice of secrecy and from its other disadvantages, attracted the foremost men. In 1823 Benton, Van Buren, and Hajne were Members; in 1827 Webster came in; in 1831 Clay returned, having earlier left the Senate to serve in the House; and in 1832 Calhoun was added to the group. The wonderful character of its membership at that time contributed toward its eventual preeminence. In the Senate, Virginia has been represented with marked distinction. Omitting the Civil War period, 38 men, including the present incumbents, have served. It is not inappropriate here in this Capitol, where the voices of so many of them were once heard, to call the names of the 36 who have passed away: Richard Henry Lee, Wil- liam Grayson, John Walker, James Monroe, John Taylor, Stevens T. Mason, Henry Tazewell, Wilson C. Nicholas, Abraham B. Venable, William B. Giles, Andrew Moore, Richard Brent, James Barbour, Armistead T. Mason, John W. Eppes, James Pleasants, Littleton W. Tazewell, John Randolph, John Tyler, William C. Rives, Benjamin W. Leigh, Richard E. Parker, William H. Roane, William S. Archer, Isaac S. Pennybacker, James M. Mason, Robert M. T. Hunter, John W. Johnston, John F. Lewis, Robert E. Withers, William Mahone, Harrison H. Riddleberger, [84] Address of Mr. Moore, of Virginia John W. Daniel, John S. Barbour, Eppa Hunton, and Thomas S. Martin. From the record of the lives of these Virginians might be compiled a history of their State, and indeed a history of the Government since its foundation. The list includes veterans of the Revolution, a President and Members of the Continental Congress, the author of the resolution that led to the Declaration of Independence, members of the remarkable Virginia convention of 1788 which ratified the Constitution, two Presidents of the United States, members of the Cabinet and ministers to foreign countries, governors of the Commonwealth, and soldiers and statesmen of the Confederacy. Senator Martin now belongs to this company of the laureled dead who honored Virginia by giving her high rank in the councils of the Nation. Serving longer than any of his predecessors, he grew in activity and influence with the Senate's growth. Before the curtain fell upon his career he had played an impressive part in a theater of almost unexampled importance, where opportunity offers a challenge to the most vigorous and resourceful men. Toward the end the labors imposed upon him by the numerous and complex problems of the war were nearly beyond his endurance. Those labors he could not have es- caped, because of the responsibilities of leadership with which he was entrusted, and he would not have escaped them had that been possible because of his deep concern for the success of the contest in which the country had embarked. Though failing in health he lived to see vic- tory achieved and some abatement of the storm that was sweeping over the world. As the shadows gathered about him he faced with characteristic composure and courage the event that he knew was swiftly approaching. And when he died there passed away the most powerful figure in Virginia politics and the most successful leader of his party in the Senate since the close of the Civil War. [85] Address of Mr. Collier, of Mississippi Mr. Speaker: I consider it a great privilege to pay my tribute of respect to the memory of that distinguished son of Virginia, Senator Thomas S. Martin. Senator Martin has passed away; he has gone from our midst and that great American forum of which he was a prominent and striking figure will listen no more to his kindly voice nor profit by his wise and conservative coun- sel. Though his great State will be deprived of those ad- vantages which over a quarter of a century's legislative experience so eminently equipped Senator Martin for service to his Commonwealth and to his country, though he has passed away and his friends, his country, and his State have met with an irreparable loss, yet he has be- queathed to them a rich and priceless legacy, the memory of earnest deeds through a long life of honor and useful- ness well accomplished. Senator Martin was born less than 14 years before that great conflict between the North and the South. His tender age did not deter him from entering the Confederate Army, and he was among the students of the Virginia Military Institute who participated in that war. There was no body of troops who ever served with more bravery and distinction than those students, mere boys though they were, but yet like seasoned veterans of many battles met the red storm of fire and shot and shell like " so many bridegrooms stepping to a marriage feast." Senator Martin and his Confederate comrades were only boys who stepping from the playground to the field of battle overnight became men, with a fixed and grim purpose to sacrifice everything for their country, and who by their spirit and daring have left the impress of their [86] Address of Mr. Collier, of Mississippi determination and courage in the memories of those who follow. The State which Senator Martin loved so well, and served with so much distinction and honor, has con- tributed more than her share of the great men who founded this Government and who since then have aided in the advancement and prosperity of that Government. Just before the Revolution, when men's hearts were so torn between loyalty and love of the mother country and resentment and indignation at the policy of that country that thej"^ knew not what to do, it was the clarion voice of one of Virginia's sons which changed their vacillation and weakness into " a firm resolve to be free or fill a martyr's grave." During the darkest days of that Revolution, when it seemed as though the cause of the Colonists w^as hopeless, when it looked like Paul Revere had ridden in vain, and that shot fired at Concord Rridge and heard around the world was all but useless; when everything was dark and gloomy like a night without a star, the American Colonists trusted faithfully, hopefully, and confidently in that great Virginian, the man of bravery, perseverance, and tact, the genius, the inspiration, the success of the Revolution — George Washington. All who bow their heads in reverent homage before the shrine of human liberty can look back and see that great figure, patient, tireless, resourceful. We can see him when the fortunes of the Colonists are at their lowest ebb, assuming command of the disorganized American forces, dedicating his life and his fortune to his country, and laj^- ing everything that makes life attractive upon the altar of human freedom. We can see him at Long Island slowly falling back before tremendous odds. We can see him at Valley Forge during that awful winter sharing hardships with his ragged half-starved soldiers. We can see him on [87] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin that Christmas night, with the bells pealing the glad anthem of " Peace on earth, good will to men," cross the freezing Delaware and capture the Hessian mercenaries, bought by British gold to help enslave a brave people fighting for freedom. We can see him at Monmouth, a very god of battle and of war, turning a defeat into a victory, and then at Yorktown, in the beautiful language of another distinguished son of Virginia, Senator John W. Daniel, where, " after wreathing the Lilies of France around the Stars and Stripes of our own Spangled Ban- ner," he stood the foremost actor in the theater of the world. It was necessary that the causes and grievances of the Colonists should be preserved so that posterity could judge the right. In this need the country again turned to Vir- ginia, and from the magic pen of Thomas Jefferson that great declaration of human rights sprang. Whenever men have dreamed of liberty " it has been the star that lit their dreams." Whenever men have lifted swords and shouldered guns in freedom's cause, its words have been the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night to light them on their holy way. It was another son of Virginia who more than anyone else gave us that Constitution which preserves the auton- omy of the various States, and guarantees to everyone, high or low, rich or poor, equality before the law, freedom of thought and of speech, and the inalienable right to pur- sue happiness and to worship God according to the dic- tates of individual conscience, while another great son of Virginia so construed the provisions of that Constitution that it became a living, breathing thing of life. It was a son of the Old Dominion who with farseeing eye guaranteed the territorial sovereignty of our South and Central American Republics by declaring in thunder [88] Address of Mr. Collier, of Mississippi tones to czar and kaiser and king, " Thus far shalt thou go and no farther." The sweetest memories of our Southland cluster around the gigantic jBgure of that great Virginian, whose noble- ness of character, whose generosity of soul was equaled only by his perfection of southern manhood. That great American, the magic of whose name causes every southern cheek to glow, every southern eye to sparkle, every south- ern heart to thrill, the name of the Southland's greatest warrior — Robert Edward Lee. There are many others from that great Commonwealth who on the field of battle, in the Halls of Congress, in the busy marts of commerce, in every field of commercial and political activity have contributed materially toward the upbuilding of our common country. With the example of such men before him, and himself descended from Revolutionary stock, Senator Martin, with their inspiration in his heart, in that quiet, unassuming manner of his, contributed much toward the advancement and progress of his native State and the Nation. Senator Martin was not one who sought the spotlight, and there was little of the spectacular about him. He seemed to care little for the " hilarious applause of men," but by the dignity of his manner, the earnestness of his every undertaking, and the rectitude of his conduct, he ever strove by all his acts to gain their sound, sober approval. His fearless nature, his rugged honesty, his independent spirit, his plain matter-of-fact manner, his industrious habits, his innate modesty, his sterling worth, and his splendid judgment and keen insight into national affairs were recognized by all who knew him; and the possession of these qualities endeared him not alone to his friends, but gave him an enviable reputation in the Senate of the United States and made him the leader of his party. [89] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin A good listener, careful, painstaking, unmoved alike by public clamor or impulsive appeals, in his quiet unas- suming way he made up his mind and arrived at his con- clusion, which once reached, conscious of the wisdom and the rectitude of that conclusion, no consideration of inter- est, no fear of consequences could move. Death came to him while he was still in the service of his country; while the affairs of government were still within his grasp and while he was still surrounded with " honor, love, obedience, and troops of friends." What w^as once said on the floor of this House about another honored Member of the United States Senate, now gone to his final reward, may well be applied to Senator Martin — "To such a man, coming at such a time, death was a friend and not an enemy, bearing in his hand not the sickle of destruction, but the scepter of immortality," for " to him who meets it with an upright heart" death is — A quiet haven, where his shattered bark Harbors secure, till the rough storm is past. Perhaps a passage overhung with clouds But at its entrance; a few leagues beyond Opening to kinder skies and milder suns, And seas pacific as the soul that seeks them. !)0J Address of Mr. Bland, of Virginia Mr. Speaker: It was not my privilege to serve in Con- gress long with Senator Martin, but before I came here I had learned his worth as a Senator and his merit as a man. I found Senator Martin ever willing to help me, to advise me, and to cooperate with me. I missed him when he was gone. Though not widely known when he com- menced his work, all came to know him later. Virginia knew her son. She loved him living; she reveres him dead. He was ever loyal to her great traditions. She will be loyal to his memory. He did not forget her. She will not forget him. Not now, but later, will the full measure of Senator Martin's work be taken. Now the scene is too near, the events too momentous, the stage too broad, the services too great. Time will give the true perspective wherein the man and his w^ork will assume their true proportions. When that time shall have come the towering propor- tions of Senator Martin's achievements will be his best memorial. Vain the effort to voice fully his people's love and loy- alty. His zeal, his untiring energ}% his superior intelli- gence, and his extremely practical judgment finally dis- pelled prejudice, silenced opposition, and won for him the unanimous indorsement and support of the citizenship of his native State. Merit and hard work had forged a way to the front and secured a well-earned reward. With one voice and as one man his people called him to service which proved to be his last. It has been truly said that it is more blessed to give than to receive. Senator Martin gave. He gave of his means [91] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin for the public weal, for death found him poorer finan- cially than when he entered office. Virginia and the Na- tion were richer by the service so ably given. Senator Martin gave of his time to the humblest call. He gave service to friend and stranger, for no duty escaped him from whatsoever source the call might come. To no one was a deaf ear knowingly turned. Senator Martin gave superb effort. He gave splendid achievement. He gave himself, for the pressure of the mighty struggle convulsing a world imposed upon him duties too great for man to bear, and he fell, another victim of the Great World War. Men who knew Senator Martin trusted him with a faith which worth alone could win. Men who knew him not came finally to know him and to trust him. Confidently his people followed him without fear so long as he led. Tender tributes here may tell his colleagues' love and respect, but no language may express his adherents' devo- tion. No leader was ever held in higher esteem. His wish was always sufficient. He had a hold upon his people's affection which was wonderful. Senator Martin pos- sessed in rare degree capacity for organization, but or- ganization could never win as he won. He was tried and found true. There was no evasion, but to every call a quick and frank answer. If the thing desired could be done it was done and that quickly. If it could not be done he said so and the suspense was quickly ended. Service was the corner stone on which Senator Martin builded. Resolute of heart, quick of perception, substan- tial and not show>% he built well. His was not a house built upon the sands. In early manhood Virginia called, and in the service of the Confederacy he answered. In the dark days of reconstruction Virginia called, and he gave quietly and unpretentiously service that helped to place the old mother again on her feet. Virginia called him to a broader field and to larger duties. Again he answered. [02] Address of Mr. Bland, of Virginia Quietly, as of yore, and unassumingly, he wrought until he occupied a place of first importance in the illustrious body in which he served. Danger assailed and the Nation called for service in her hour of greatest need. Patiently he labored as never before. Stupendous sums were needed. Stupendous efforts were required. Senator Mar- tin spared not himself. Then when victory came he turned to work of reconstruction, but tired nature could endure no more. Reluctantly the great leader was com- pelled to yield. But the soldier had received his death wound. When Senator Martin passed away Virginia wept. She mourned her son. She will preserve his memory. He had wrought patiently. He had wrought faithfully. He had wrought well. He was laid to rest in the land he loved, and among the people who had honored him and whom he in turn had honored. Life's day ended with life's duties done. [93] Address of Mr. Woods, of Virginia Mr. Speaker: When in 1893 the news was flashed over the wires from Richmond that Thomas Staples Martin had defeated Gen. Fitzhugh Lee in the General Assembly for United States Senator, the average citizen of Virginia was amazed. Gen. Lee bore a name revered throughout Virginia; from the great and good men who had fought her battles and shaped her policies to the humblest citizen of the Commonwealth. He had behind him a brilliant military record — had led the State's sons in many a battle. A few years before he and his name had been decided upon as the one power that could wrest the State's control from the Readj'uster Party, whose leaders, its task accomplished, were still seeking to perpetuate its power. After an intense spectacular campaign throughout the State, aided by superb organization, in which Senator Martin bore an unostentatious but very potent part. Gen. Lee had defeated his brilliant opponent, John S. Wise, for governor, and had reestablished Democratic supremacy in Virginia with all its significant meaning at that period. Second onh^ to Senator Daniel — if indeed to him — ^Gen. Lee was the idol of the people. The question was well- nigh universal — who was this man who had never even theretofore aspired to, much less held public office — this country lawyer whose very name was unknown to the average voter, but who even in Virginia could overcome such a force and such a name as that of Fitzhugh Lee? Res ipsa loquitur. Only a man of superb force of intellect and character could have wrought such unique achieve- ment: The life of a great man is never an accident. [94] Address of Mr. Woods, of Virginia And Senator Martin's life was no exception. A position of great honor and responsibility had come to him. He was prepared for it. He made good — that tells the story. While then unknown to the people generally, his sterling qualities of mind and character, his intense love for his State and his country, his entire frankness, his energy and capacity for indefatigable work, his rare quality of quick, and at the same time, unerring judgment, his utter con- tempt for dissimulation or sham or littleness of any sort, his executive ability and his genius for organization, has so profoundly impressed his coworkers in party affairs, which included in a large measure the members of the general assembly, that his election was accomplished be- cause his supporters knew him, his qualifications, and his solid worth. Many of them voted for him against strong pressure at home, purely from a high sense of duty, as they saw it, to their State, knowing at the time they were temporarily, at least, sacrificing their own political for- tunes. Time, with Senator Martin's career in the Senate, abundantly vindicated their judgment, and later brought to their action the well-nigh universal approval of their people. The sorrow at his loss felt to-day by the survivors among his faithful supporters in that first contest is some- what softened as they contemplate that the career of their friend — and to them he was ever a friend — was such as to call forth from the people of Virginia on four subsequent similar occasions renewed expressions of confidence in him and approval of their first judgment. Each time with increased emphasis and at last with unanimity in both parties. The time came when no other man held so warm a place in the affections of the people of his State. His qualities of industry, of intellect, and sterling char- acter brought him not only to a position of undisputed [95] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin leadership in his State, but to one of — and I measure my words as I say it — preeminence in the national Senate. When the Democratic administration came into power in 1913, in response to the demands of an ephemeral senti- ment it was thought that his leadership could be dispensed with; but time demonstrated the country's deprivation by such a course, and without effort or even desire on his part his tested abilities of leadership were really comman- deered, and, next to the President, he became and con- tinued until his party lost its majority in the Senate the greatest single force in Washington. To a marked degree he always inspired the confidence of his coworkers. His judgment, always given with prompt directness, was usually accepted. Frequent and many were the expressions of opinion by Senators and Representatives on the night the peace treaty failed of ratification in the Senate, when political respon- sibility for the result was being tossed from side to side, that but for Senator Martin's illness some form of agreement for permanent world peace Avould have been reached. Who knows what a world — though somewhat unconscious of him — may have lost and may yet suffer because of his fatal illness. Time fails me, Mr. Speaker. I can not speak of his most exemplary private life, his fidelity to home, to friends, to every trust; his frankness above that of any man I have ever known in political life; of those sterling qualities that brought to him more friends, willing to make sacrifices in his behalf, than any other man in the State. His mind was quick to mark the pathway of duty, and, however rugged, whatever the sacrifice, he followed it with unhesitating courage. No private interests or per- sonal considerations were allowed to stand in the way. Whenever his aid was sought in the selection of a man [96] Address of Mr. Woods, of Virginia for public position, his first inquiry was, " Will he render honest and efficient service?" This question answered affirmatively, he was ready to go Ms length for his friends. By his own efforts and his excellent business ability he had accumulated a modest fortune when he entered the Senate. Notwithstanding his frugality and well-nigh abstemious habits, he left it a poorer man — a silent tribute alike to his scrupulous integrity and his assiduous and single devotion to public duty. While the material competence he has left his loved ones is doubtless less than it would have been had he remained in private life, he has left them the rich legacy of a spotless name and to all of us the priceless testa- ment of a worthy example; and as to-day we turn our sad eyes back over his life of rarest usefulness and see the soldier boy, the faithful lawyer, the patient, busy man at his post of duty guarding with eternal vigilance the people's trust, we read in it a great truth exemplified by his life — that, after all, serving is the highest form of living. 46666—22 7 [1f7] Address of Mr. Drewry, of Virginia Mr. Speaker : My acquaintance with Senator Martin ex- tended over only the last 20 years of his life, and I must leave to others who had known him longer the task of going into details of his career. Returning from Missouri to Virginia, my native State, to continue the practice of my profession, I was soon brought into contact with the then junior Senator from Virginia. From my first intro- duction to him I admired his courageous stand in defense of what he thought was right and his evident determina- tion to serve his State and its people to the best of his ability. As I knew him better I added another attribute, that of loyalty to his friends. These were probably the leading characteristics of the man — courage, physical, mental, and moral; service, public and private; and loyalty without question to his country, his constituents, and his friends. These are not flashy qualities and they are not possessed by the demagogue — it takes time to bring them out, and so when the true worth of Thomas S. Martin was recognized the people of Virginia were glad to continue him at his post of honor in their behalf as long as he would continue to serve. A descendant of some of the best blood of the early Colonists in Virginia, it was but natural that at the age of 16 he was found in the service of the Confederacy in the ranks of that immortal battalion of Virginia Military Institute cadets, who did not know how to retreat and were too newly versed in the art of war to be afraid of a superior foe. To his dying day to mention a favor for one of his boy comrades of the Virginia Military Institute or for one of their descendants was enough to gain the atten4ion and secure the active interest of Tom Martin. [98] Address of Mr. Drewry, of Virginia The conflict ended, he returned to his studies, but after two years of work at the University of Virginia, upon the death of his father, he was forced to leave school and take upon himself the responsibility of a large family. Al- though engaged in mercantile business he studied law at home and was admitted to the bar in 1869. His persever- ance, industry, and ability soon established him among the leaders of his profession, and he was recognized as an earnest, conscientious, and fearless practitioner. He con- tinued the practice of his profession until 1893. Up to that time he had taken interest in politics, but had always refused to stand for public office. His first election to office was when he entered the United States Senate. From this time his life was an open book, and he lived it cleanly before the public as he had lived privately. By sheer force of will and merit he had risen out of his strug- gles as a poor young boy to become a Senator from Vir- ginia in the Senate of the United States. In the Senate the qualities which had earned him the position with the people of Virginia were at once recognized by his associ- ates. He was possessed of a sound, clear, discriminating judgment, and his attitude on all public questions was open, candid, and decisive. Though he carefully weighed all matters of public interest, yet he was quick to arrive at conclusions and energetic in putting them into effect. His high moral and intellectual integrity commanded the respect and trust of Senators on both sides of the Cham- ber. He was intolerant of hypocrisy and deception in whatever guise they might appear. These were regarded by him as the refuge of the demagogue and coward. No man who knew Senator Martin, whether friend or foe, ever doubted his courage or questioned his openness or candor. He was known for his untiring devotion and fidelity to duty. When the time came to elect the floor [99] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin leader of his party, in one of the most crucial periods of the country's history, the choice fell on Senator Martin, and fearlessly and ably he performed the task. He gave himself whole-heartedly to the work and became a figure of national prominence, looked upon by the country at large with confidence and trust. But his labors were too strenuous, and he had spent himself too freely in the service of the Nation. The motto of the old Romans, " Est gloria pro patria mori," applies as well to those who give their lives beyond their physical strength in the service of their country in civil life as to those who die on field of battle in the clash of arms. In the years to come history will recognize this service on the part of many who receive not the honors accorded military heroes and the tribute to which their services entitle them. The life of Senator Martin was particularly a life of service. A compelling desire to render the greatest pos- sible service to his people, his State, and his countrj' impelled him to devote his entire time and talents to their interests, and he died poor in this world's goods, but rich in the affections and love of the people of Vir- ginia whom he so well served. As he served publicly so did he serve his friends. An appeal from a man to whom he gave his friendship met with a speedy, hearty response. Loyalty to his friends was, perhaps, his very strongest characteristic. His serv- ice was given to those lacking influence and power as quickly as to the persons of importance and prominence, even if not more quickly. He dearly loved to serve the man in humble circumstances, who was unable to hire or secure independent aid. Studious, faithful adherence to duty in the service of his people and his friends was his daily watchword. This was largely responsible for the deep affection in which he was universally held. am Address of Mr. Drewry, of Virginia I am proud to claim him as my friend and appreciative of the opportunity to submit this tribute of affection and esteem to his memory. His death was a great loss to the Nation and particularly to the State of Virginia, which he so devotedly loved, and when the roll is called of Vir- ginia's distinguished sons there will undoubtedly be heard reverberating from the hills of Albemarle the honored name of Thomas Staples Martin. [101] Address of Mr. Harrison, of Virginia Mr. Speaker: Those who have ah'eady addressed the House have, in glowing phrase, detailed the splendid pub- lic service of Thomas Staples Martin to his country and sketched a loving portrait of his life. I can add no color- ing to this portrait, but for many years Senator Martin was my true and tried friend. On many occasions I drew upon his friendship, and on every occasion received from him unstinted testimonial of his affection. I can not, therefore, be silent on an occasion of this character and not lay my humble tribute upon the bier of my beloved friend. I represent the district in which Senator Martin lived, and I speak for his daily associates and neighbors; people who loved him as one of their own household; people to whom his unofficial life was a beautiful inspiration. To such he was not so much the great Senator, swaying the destinies of the world, as the loving companion, the trusted counselor, and the everready comrade in their daily trials and triumphs. His fidelity to his friends was never marred by one selfish consideration as to how it might affect his own fortunes. He served them at any cost and regardless of every sacrifice. Those of us who enjoyed his personal friendship feel we have enjoyed one of those priceless things which make life in this world worth while, and in his death have sustained a personal loss and bereavement that no tongue, however eloquent, can adequately express. I have known Senator Martin for many years. As a member of the Virginia Senate I actually participated in [102] Address of Mr. Harrison, of Virginia that first political triumph which carried him into the United States Senate. As I look back now over years of public service, there is no incident in my life that I recall with greater satisfaction than the fact that in that contest I was one of his supporters. His services to his beloved State can never be sufficiently memorialized. As a mere boy he fought her battles for con- stitutional liberty. In the glory of his manhood he became the political leader of her people. When he took charge of her political fortunes Virginia was struggling under the disasters incident to war and reconstruction and her peo- ple were impoverished and disheartened, struggling with great problems which threatened to destroy their civiliza- tion. Many of her great leaders had sacrificed their lives in her defense on the blood-stained battle fields which em- braced almost the confines of her entire border. Virginia called upon him and he gave to her unstinted service. He led her out of the wilderness of her sorrows and difficul- ties, and when his eyes closed in death he had seen her pressing forward on the highway to the greatest prosper- ity her people had ever known. In the broader field of national service Senator Martin's fidelity to his country made ravages upon his health and brought him to his grave, but those services enabled his country to meet triumphantly every emergency in the time of its greatest peril. He was a political servant in whom there was no guile. I can not and shall not attempt to say more. His mor- tal remains find their resting place beneath the sod of his native State and are in the tender keeping of those who loved him most. There is no need to raise above his grave a monumental stone. He has erected " a monument more lasting than brass and more sublime than the regal elevation of pyramids, which neither the wasting shower. [1031 Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin the unavailing north wind, or an innumerable succession of years, and the flight of seasons shall be able to de- molish." The monument he has erected is the imperish- able love of a great people, and as long as Virginia re- mains true to her traditions he will not be forgotten. [104] Address of Mr. Gillett, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: Senator Martin entered the Senate at the same time I entered the House, but it was many years before I had even a speaking acquaintance with him. After he became chairman of the Appropriations Commit- tee of the Senate, I frequently met him on conference com- mittees of the Senate and the House on appropriation bills, and gradually came to know him intimately, for I think there is no legislative proceeding where the real characteristics of an individual show themselves so clearly and truthfully as in meetings of conference committees. It is a small body, meeting in secret, with no Congres- sional Record to print remarks and thereby prevent the free expression of opinions, the questions discussed are important and intrinsically interesting, and men's minds meet in a close but generally friendly grapple which is stimulating and enjoyable. In this arena I came to know Senator Martin intimately, and my increasing acquaintance increased my admiration and friendship for him. He was intelligent and able, and always knew thoroughly the questions discussed, and although sometimes a little hasty, and even peppery, in his temper, yet he was so fair and just and wise and high- purposed that he was a delightful colleague to deal with whether you agreed or differed with his opinions. He viewed questions from a high plane, and looked at the general and not the special interests affected; was frank and honest and singularly free from the selfish and stub- born spirit which sometimes leads conferees to seek their own ends at the expense of the public welfare. It was not his characteristic to dicker or trade, but frankly to state 46666—22 8 [105] Memorial Addresses: Senator Martin his opinions and urge his views, and yet he recognized that compromises are often inevitable and he was fair toward his opponents and not greedy for himself. I be- came greatly attached to him, and mourn deeply the loss of a wise and patriotic legislator and a warm-hearted, high-spirited, affectionate friend. Mr. Flood. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Members may extend their remarks in the Record on the life, character, and public service of the late Senator Martin. The Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Montague) . Without ol)- j«ction, it will be so ordered. There was no objection. The Speaker pro tempore. In accordance with the terms of the resolution heretofore adopted, the House will now stand adjourned. Accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 42 minutes p. m.), the House adjourned until to-morrow, Monday, February 14, 1921, at 11 o'clock a. m. [106] ■Mi